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CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
Cornell University Libra

“i ii

>, ATE DUE

 

GAYLORD
 

 

 

Bailey &Voyes, Lintland, Me.

 
 
THE

HISTORY OF PORTLAND,

FROM 1632 TO 1864:

AVith w Aotice of Drevions Settlements, Colonial Grunts,

AND

CHANGES OF GOVERNMENT IN MAINE.

BY WILLIAM WILLIS.

SECOND EDITION—REVISED AND ENLARGED.

PORTLAND:
BAILEY &©§ NOYES.
1865.

r\
 

 

A GO772E

ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1865, BY
BAILEY & NOYES,

In THs CLERK’S OFFICE OF THE DistRicT Court FOR THE District oF MAINE.

 

PRESS OF BROWN THURSTON,

$2 Hzchange Street.

J
\
ILLUSTRATIONS.

I. Perspective VIEW OF PoRTLAND IN 1864, From CAPE ELIZaBETn.
II. A PLAN OF ANCIENT FALMOUTH, EMBRACING THE TRACT FROM SPURWINK RIVER TO
NortH YARMOUTH, WITH THE LOCATION OF THE ORIGINAL SETTLERS.
TIT. Portrait or THE AUTHOR. 3 c . $ ‘ :
IV. FatmoutH NECK AT THE TIME OF ITS DESTRUCTION BY ane IN 1775.
V. A View or MIppie STREET AS IT WAS IN 1844, LOOKING EAST FROM TEMPLE STREET,
SHOWING THE FRONT OF THE OLD EXCHANGE, THE SECOND PaRisH MEETING-
HOUSE, AND OTHER BUILDINGS. ‘ .
VI. A VIEW OF THE SAME PART OF MIDDLE STREET IN 1863.
VII. A View oF MIDDLE STREET IN 1863, LOOKING WEST FROM TEMPLE STREET.

 

FAC-SIMILES OF AUTOGRAPII SIGNATURES.

THOMAS ELBRIDGE AND ABRAHAM SHURT.

WALTER NEALE.

JoHN WINTER. § :
GEORGE CLEEVES, GEORGE Munvoy, RICHARD MartTIN, RALPH TURNER, AND GEORGE LEwIs.
RicwarD TucKER, EDWARD RISHWORTH, AND Rosert Howarp. é 2 é ‘i .
Rev. RoBert JORDAN. - ‘ a "1 ; : : : 2

HENRY JOCELYN. :

Sir EpmunD ANDROS AND JOHN WEST. z

ANTHONY BRACKET? AND SILVANUS Davis. . : : 2 : : 4 F a
Peter Bowporn, Jonn IloLMAN, AND GEORGE BRAMMALL.

THOMAS WESTBROOK AND SAMUEL WALDO. .

THOMAS GORGES. . 2

Sm FERDINANDO GORGES.

RicHaRD VINES. .-

Rev. THOMAS JENNER.

EpmunD GODFREY.

George CLEEVE.

2
3T

a al
109, 110
a. (ALL,
126, 217
183
CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.

A BRIEF account of the settlements on the coast of Maine, previous to 1632.

CHAPTER I,

Ricumonn’s island—Spurwink—dispute between Cleeves and Tucker, and John Winter. about
the title—trade at Richmond’s island—the Neck, now Portland, first occupied—grants
in other parts of Falmouth—Mitton, Macworth—first Judicial Court for the Province—
settlers in Falmouth in 1640.

CHAPTER II.

THE political affairs of the Province from the great patent in 1620, to the submission to the
jurisdiction of Massachusetts in 1658—Sir Ferdinando Gorges.

CHAPTER III

Bounparies and name of the town—inhabitants in 1658, and places of residence—carly con-
veyances—first mills—settlers at Back cove—Jordan’s claim and quarrel with Cleeves—
fac-simile autograph signatures of early settlers,

CHAPTER IV.

INHABITANTS petition the General Court against the claims of Cleeves and Jordan—petition
of the freemen to the General Court—islands belonging to Falmouth—new settlers,
Munjoy, Wakely, Coe, Brackett, Clarke, Felt, Cloice, and others—Mitton’s death.

CHAPTER V,

First Court under Massachusetts—state of religion in the town—deputies—courts—pay of
jurymen—highways— prison—Abraham Preble—opposition to Massachusetts—King’s
commissioners suspend the authority of that colony—memorial from Casco—return of
the commissioners.

CHAPTER VI.

Proceepinas of the new government—courts in Casco, persons presented, state of morals—
Cleeve, death and character—Thomas Skilling’s death and family—government of Mas-
sachusetts restored—J ordan, Jocelyn, Neale—freemen petition General Court—Munjoy
licensed to retail—eastern line run—sclectmen—Falmouth presented—settlements at
Capisic, Stroudwater, and Purpooduck—dcath of Martin, Wharff, Bartlett, and Mills.

PAGE.

62

95

126

142

168
vI . CONTENTS.

CHAPTER VII. 194

Tne first Indian war—inhabitants of Falmouth 1675—destruction of the town in 1676—
further attacks of the Indians—militia in 1675—peace—prisoncrs restorcd—Walter
Gendall—Robert Jordan’s death—Brackett—names of inhabitants in Casco bay.

CHAPTER VIII. 222

Purcaase of Maine by Massachusetts—government—re-settlement of Falmouth—Dantorth’s
grants, and other titles on the Neck—grants by the town—Silvanns Davis—Munjoy’s
death and family—first tavern, Seacomb, Jones, Cloice—death of Mrs. Harvey and George
Lewis—George Burroughs.

CHAPTER IX. 249

Fort Loyal—saw-mills taxed for its support—deed of Falmouth to trustees—government of
Andros, new patents for land required—French emigrants—roads and ferries—business
of the town and its internal condition—quarrel between Lawrence and Davis.

CHAPTER X. 269

PopuLaTIoN in 1689—commencement of the second Indian war—Andros visits Maine— tis
authority subverted—renewal of hostilities—attack on Falmouth resisted—second attack
and destruction of the town.

CHAPTER XI. 289

‘A BRIEF notice of some of the inhabitants of Falmouth during the second settlement—
names of the settlers.

CHAPTER XII. 309

Revivau of the town at Purpooduck and New Casco—Indian treaty of 1703 violated—com-
mencement of third Indian war—settlements at Purpooduck and New Casco destroyed—
New Casco fort abandoned—peace—the Neck settled—re-settlement of the town—Fal-
mouth incorporated—Irish emigrants—municipal government—old and new proprietors
—distribution of Jand on the Neck—accession to the population—controversy between
old and new proprietors.

CHAPTER XIII. 838

Cuaracter of the first settlers—Samuel Moody—Benjamin Larrabee—Samuel Cobb—Samuel
Proctor—ferry and traveling—Indian war of 1722—Father Ralle—peacc—accessions to
the population, Riggs, Sawyer, Westbrook, and others—ecclesiastical affairs—mecting-
house built—Mr. Smith settled.

CHAPTER XIV. 365

Epvucation—schools and school-masters—educated men—public library.

CHAPTER XV. 382

EccizsiAsticaL affairs—Purpooduck parish set off—Presbyterians—Purpooduck parish—First
parish, new mecting-house—revival—George Whiteficld—New Casco parish—Episcopal
socicty—settlement of Mr. Deane—Quakers.
CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVI.

War of 1744—causes of war—preparations for defense—commencement of hostilities—
alarms from Indians and French—volunteers—capture of Louisburg—treaty of Falmouth
—unsettled state of the country—war of 1754—capture of Quebee—peace.

CHAPTER XVII.

POPULATION at different periods before the revolution—taxes—currency—lumber and saw-
mills— grist-mills—trade and vommerce—customs and collection—wharves— general
description of the Neck prior to the revolution—strects.

CHAPTER XVIII.

ReEVOLUTION—causes of excitement—stamp act, its repeal—sugar act—new dutics laid—
-mnilitary force employed—collision with the troops—repeal of duties—non-importation
agreements—duties on molasses and tea—tea duty enforced and tea destroyed—pro-
ceedings in Falmouth —Boston port-bill—convention in Falmouth—preparations for war.

CHAPTER XIX.

REVOLUTIONARY WAR—proceedings in Falmouth—Mowatt taken prisoner—proceedings against
tories—troops raised—denunciation of Goy. Hutchinson—arrival of Mowatt and destruc-
tion of the town—applications for relief—measures of defeuse—privateering—sacrifices
of the people—capture of Bagaduce—expedition to the Penobscot—capture of General
Wadsworth—surrender of Cornwallis—civil affairs of the revolution—constitution pre-
pared and adopted for the State—acts against monopolies—close of the war, the fisheries,

peace.
CHAPTER XX.
Reviva of the town—buildings erected—number of dwelling-houses and population—com-

merce—stores and trade—wharves—light-house—harbor— banks—commercial embar-
rassments.

CHAPTER XXI.

Division of the town—its size and population—post-office and mails—stages and traveling—
railroads—Commercial street—newspapers—adoption of the constitution—representa-
tives to Congress—French mania—politics ef the town in 1793—republican socicty—
harbor defenses.

CHAPTER XXII.
Courrs—court-houses and jails—inferior courts—enperior courts—law and lawyers—capital
trials—decrease of crime.

CHAPTER XXIII.

EccLestasticat affairs after the revolution—Episcopal society—First Parish—Second Parish
in Portland—death of Mr. Smith, Mr. Nichols ordained, death of Dr. Deane—Second
Parish, Mr. Payson ordained, his death and successors—Third Congregational society—
Chapel society—Third Parish—High street church — Methodist society— Baptists—
Christians—Universalists—Swedenborgians—Roman catholics—Mariners’ church.

CHAPTER XXIV.

SEPARATION of Maine from Massachusetts.

VIL

411

438

479

506

549

on
aI
oO

608

639

702
VIII CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXV.

MisceLtantes—Cumberland and Oxford canal—bridges—promenades—sugar-house—steam-
ships—Board of trade—manufactures—academy and schools —library—Atheneum—
authors—charitable societies—cemeteries—epidemics—change of government to a city—
taxes—deaths and marriages—immigrants—population and character of the inhabitants
—customs of the people at different periods—amusements—theatre—conclusion.

CHAPTER XXVI.

BioGRApPHICcAL Notices.

APPENDIX.

No. I.

Record of an action in 1640, Cleeves v. Winter, for disturbing his possession at Spurwink,
with the pleadings and verdict.

No. II.

Petition of Robert Jordan in 1648 to the court of Ligonia, for leave to appropriate Tre-
lawny’s property in his hands to the payment of Winter’s claim against Trelawny’s
estate; proceedings of the court thereon, and an inventory of the property. Also a
statement of the account.

No. Ill.

Action in 1640, Cleeves v. Winter, for disturbing his possession on the Neck, with the
pleadings.

No. IV.

Lease for two thousand years from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Cleeves and Tucker of part of
Falmouth, dated January 27th, 1637—letters of Thomas Gorges, Sir Ferdinando Gorges,
Richard Vines, Rev. Thomas Jenner, Edmund Godfrey, and George Clee ves, to Governor
Winthrop and others.

No. V. “a

Extract from John Jocelyn’s voyages, showing the situation of the several towns in the
province about 1670.

No. VI.
Ropert Jordan’s will, 1679.

No. VII.

InDIAN deed to George Munjoy of lund at Ammoncongin, June 4, 1666.

No. VIII.
THoMAS Danforth’s deed to the trustees of Falmouth, 1684.

No. IX.

Letters to George Bramhall 1687 and 1688, and receipts from him and Silvanus Davis.

724

787

867

873

882

886

887
CONTENTS.

No. X.

PsTITIONS of the propritors and sotters of Falmouth to the Goneral Court in 1717 and 1718
for incorporation.

No. XI.

Persons admitted inhabitants by the town principally in 1727 and 1728.

No. XII.

PstiTI0Ns to the General Court in 1728 by the ancient proprietors.

No. XIII.

Report of a committee of the town, and resolves adopted in February, 1774, on the rights
of the colonies.

No. XIV.

PROCEEDINGS of the convention of delegates from the towns in Cumberland county, Septem -
ber 21, 1774, at Falmouth.

No. XV.

ProceeDinés of the Committee of correspondence and inspection in Falmouth.

No. XVI.
Muster roll of Captain David Bradish’s company, May, 1774.
No. XVII.

Houses now standing which survived the conflagration of 1774—Dr. Deane’s letter on the
subject of an engraving of the town as it appeared at the time of the fire.

No. XVIII.
AN account of-the losses sustained by the destruction of the town.
“ No. XIX.

PRocEEDINGS of the inhabitants to obtain relief from Europe—No. 1. Mr. Titcom)’s letter to
Samuel Freeman—No. 2. Gov. Bowdoin’s letter to Enoch Freeman—No. 3. Gov. Bow-
doin’s letter to Gov. Pownal—No. 4. Gov. Pownal’s letter to Enoch Freeman and others
—No. 5. Address to the people of Irefand.

No. XX.
Grant of two townships of land to the sufferers in the destruction of the town.
No. XXI.

THE amount of tonnage registered and enrolled in the custom-house at Portland. with the
amount of duties, exports, imports, etc.

No. XXII.

PETITION for a division of the town of Falmouth in 1785.

 

InpEx. . x 4 ‘ . ‘ é . é . ‘ é s

Ix

889

890

893

894

8U7

807

HOS

911
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

A third of a century has elapsed since the publication of the first edition
of the History of Portland. That having long since been exhausted, I
have yielded to repeated applications, and, with much labor and without
pecuniary profit, have prepared a new edition of the work. I have taken
the occasion to correct such errors as have been discovered in the first
impression — to throw light received from subsequent investigations into
our early annals upon transactions which seemed obscure, and to bring
the history of our progressive community down to the present day. I
have added several biographical notices, and made others more full in
genealogical facts ; and to the whole have appended a copious index.

During the third of a century which has intervened since the first pub-
lication, the population of the town has considerably more than doubled ;
its commerce, and its various industrial, religious, social, and literary
institutions have multiplied in far larger proportion, and almost an entirely
new community has taken the place of the living generation which T then
addressed. This accumulation of facts, while it has necessarily extended
the work, has given additional value to its pages.

In 1820, when Maine became an independent State, no historical work,
nor any other of literary value had been published in the State. Gov.
Sullivan’s History of Maine was published in Boston in 1795; although a
native of Maine, he then resided in that city. Historical sketches of several
towns had appeared in the Mass. Historical Collections ; and Moses Green-
leaf in 1816, had issued from the press in Boston, and Joseph Whipple the
same year from the press in Bangor, Geographical and Statistical pam-
phlets, one of one hundred and fifty-four, and the other of one hundred
and two pages, having reference more particularly to the question of
separation then agitating the minds of the people. The first work on a
XII PREFACE,

historical subject published after the separation, was Greenleaf’s Eccle-
siastical Sketches in 1821; and the same year Judge Freeman issued his
extracts from the journals of the Rev. Thomas Smith, with statistics of
the town and county, both in duodecimo form. These were followed in
1827 by Mr. White’s History of Belfast, one hundred and twenty pages,
Moses Greenleaf’s map of Maine, with an octavo volume of valuable sta-
tistics in 1829, and by Mr. Folsom’s History of Saco and Biddeford in
1830. In 183}, the first volume of the Maine Historical Collections was
published, salifch contained the first part of my History of Portland, and
in 1832, appeared my second part in a separate form, bringing the history
of the town to that period. The same year Mr. Williamson published his
claborate History of Maine in two octavo volumes, which has been followed
by five volumes of the Transactions of the Maine Historical Society, and
numerous and very valuable histories of towns and communities in our
State, and in 1863 the Popham Memorial Volume, a compilation of rare
value, which several works have ably and clearly illustrated our early
and later annals.

Location and Meteorological Statistics of Portland. The New City Hall,
near the center of Portland, is in north latitude 48°, 39/, 27. West
longitude from Greenwich 70°, 15’, 40”. Longitude in time from Green-
wich four hours, forty-one minutes, and three seconds. It is five hundred
_and sixty miles from Washington, three hundred and thirty from New
York, one hundred and five from Boston, two hundred and ninety-four by
the Grand Trunk Railway to Montreal, two hundred and seventeen to
Quebec, five hundred and fifty-seven to Toronto, and eight hundred and
fifty-nine to Detroit. The magnetic variation in January, 1863, was twelve
four-tenths, having increased from eight degrees in 1765.

By tables kept at the Observatory, on Munjoy’s Hill in Portland, one
hundred and sixty feet above the level of high water, for thirty-two
years from 1825 to 1857 inclusive, it appears that the annual average tem-
perature for that period was 43°, 23’, of Farenheit. The highest point it
attained was 100°, 5’; the lowest was January 24, 1857, 25° below zero.
The highest mean rereranice in any month of that period was 71° in
July, 1825; the lowest mean temperature for any month was 13° above
zero in January, 1844. The average temperature of the seasons for the
thirty-two years was as follows: March, April, May, 39°, 98/; June,
July, Angust, 65°, 71’; September, October, November, 46°, 73! ; Deca:
PREFACE, xul

ber, January, February, 21°, 93’. The mean temperature for 1856 was
44°, 13/; for 1857, 44°, 68’; for 1858, 44°, 4'; for 1859, 43°, 47’.

The amount of rain, and snow reduced to water, in 1857, was 47.66
inches ; in 1858, 43.42 inches; in 1859, 48.55 inches.

The prevailing winds may be set down in the following proportions of
100. North and east 25, east and south 14, south and west 25, west and
north 36100.

Mean barometric pressure at a station eighty-five and a half feet above
the sea, 29.9.

The sewerage and sanitary condition of Portland are of a high order;
and nothing in this respect is especially needed, but a supply of pure
water. For this purpose, there are ample sources of an excellent charac-
ter within eighteen miles of the city. I need only refer to the Sebago
Lake, a sheet of very pure water, containing about sixty-five thousand
square acres, and of great depth, which is fed by other lakes and several
streams of water.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

Fa.mouTa originally contained within its limits the present towns of Faumouts, Care Eviza--
BETH, PORTLAND, and WESTBROOK ; and embraced a number of large wnd valuable islands lying in
Casco Bay. It is proposed in the introductory chapter of the following work, to present a cursory
view of the settlements made, and attempted to be made, on the coast of Maine, previous to that
of Falmouth. After which my attention will be principally confined to that town, until
PORTLAND was separately incorporated; this latter town will then receive more exclusive notice.

The various changes in the government of the country, especially during the early period of its
history, will be briefly alluded to, as they had an immediate influence upon the happiness and
prosperity of the inhabitants.

The entire loss of the records in the destruction of the town by the Indians in 1690, has deprived
me of many valuable materials for the present work, and rendered my task at the same time more
difficult and more unsatisfactory. But this consolation has accompanied me, that whatever facts I
could glean from the State and county records, and other scattered sources of information, become
more valuable and more interesting, by the unfortunate events which have destroyed the more
ready and minute aids to historical accuracy.

It is known to most readers, that previous to 1752, the year commenced on the 25th day of
March; consequently the time between the first day of January and that day, was reckoned with
the former year, and it was usually expressed by a double date; an instrument for instance, bear-
ing date January 15, 1640, according to our calendar, would be expressed January 15, 1639-40.
Sometimes only 1639. In such cases I have invariably adapted the date to the present mode of
computation, so far as regards the year. The day of the month by the new style, may be ascer-
certained by omiting ten days in the seventeenth century, eleven in the eighteenth, and twelve in
the nineteenth. The alteration was made in England by a statute passed in 1751, to take effect
January 1, 1752, and which authorized the omission of the eleven intermediate days of the calen-
dar, from the 2d to the 14th day of September of that year.
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER,

es

A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF TIE VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE CoAST OF MAINE, PREVIOUS TO 1632.

In the beginning of the year 1603, there was not one Euro-
pean family on the whole coast of America, from Florida to
Greenland’. There had been made, previous to this time,
three attempts to settle Virginia”, and one in 1602 by Gosnold,
to plant a colony on the southern shores of Massachusetts ; all
of which failed. The whole coast of North America was now
open to European enterprise, and although discouragements
had hitherto attended the efforts of commercial speculation,
yet it was not disheartened. In 1603, new exertions were
made, which resulted in bringing the coast of Maine more into
notice, and preparing the way for future settlements upon it.
On the eighth of November of that year, Henry 4th of France,
granted a charter of Acadia and the neighboring country to
Du Mont’, extending from forty to forty-six degrees of north
latitude. Du Mont having received a commission as Lieuten-
ant-general of France, the next year fitted out an expedition
in company with Champlain and others, with which he sailed

. 1 Prince’s N. E. Chro. p. 1. 2 Prince’s Intro., p. 104.

3 Hazard, vol. i, p. 45. This included the whole country from Philadelphia
to the St. Lawrence, nominally, but never in practise extending west of the
Kern>beck river. Du Mont took possession of all the territory east of Ken-
nebec river for the king of France. Sul, Hist, of M. pp. 52, 55,

at
10 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

along the coast of Maine, formed a temporary settlement at
the mouth of the river St. Croix, where his company spent
one winter, and then established a colony on the other side
of the bay of Fundy, at a place which they named Port
Royal and now called Annapolis.* Du Mont, in two or three
years afterward withdrew his attention from Acadia and turned
his trade to the St. Lawrence. Poutrincourt, one of his
companions in the settlement of Port Royal, sent his son
Biencourt home in 1608, for supplies of men and provisions
for the colony. The Jesuits, ever zealous for the propaga-
tion of their faith, seized this occasion to send over two of
their order, Biard and Masse, to take charge of the spiritual
concerns of the new plantation, and probably also to extend
their regards to those of the Aborigines. But the priests
having assumed to control the civil affairs of the plantation,
soon quarreled with the government, and Biencourt, who, on
the return of his father to France, had become the leader of
the colony, caused them to remove to an island on the coast
of Maine, then called Mont Mansellf now Mount Desert.
Here they planted gardens, laid out grounds, and entered on

*[ An interesting account of this first attempt to establish a colony in Maine,
is given by Les Carbot, who accompanied it as chaplain and historian. His
work was first published in Paris in 1609 and has passed through many editions
in the original and translation. It was translated into English the first year
after its publication. Among the other companions of Du Mont were M. du
Pont Gravé and M. de Poutrincourt, who established the colony at Port Royal.]

+[Madame Guercheville, a zealous Catholic lady, with a view to propagandism,
sent out Biard and Masse in 1611. In March, 1613, she sent another colony to
the aid of her first missionaries, which arrived at Port Royal, May 16. Thence,
they soon after sailed, intending to establish a mission at the mouth of the
Penobscot river. Owing to adverse winds and fogs. they put into a fine harbor
on the south-eastern side of Mount Desert, with which they were so much
pleased, that they concluded to make that place the center of their operations.
Biard says the savages called the island Pemetig. Champlain gave it the name
of Mount Desert and the English, that of Mount Mansell, in honor of Sir Robert
Mansell, one uf the Plymouth patentees, Biard, after the capture by the
English returned to France where he died in 1622. ]
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 11

the work of their mission.!- But they were not permitted long
to enjoy even this state of seclusion. Disputes had already
arisen between the English and French, respecting the boun-
daries of the grants from their respective governments, which,
from want of information relating to the situation of the coun-
try, run with strange perplexity into one another. The French
occupied Port Royal, St. Croix, Mount Desert, and the mouth
of the Penobscot, and had erected forts at each of those places
for their protection.2 The fort erected by the French on Mount

Desert was called St. Sauveur The disposition of the French
to extend their settlements still further west, was viewed with
alarm by the government established in Virginia, and in 1618,
they sent Capt. Argall to dislodge them. In the summer of
this year, he seized the forts at Mount Desert, St. Croix, and
Port Royal, and carried their ship and pinnace, together with
their ordnance, cattle, and provision to Jamestown.* The
French power in this quarter was thus interrupted, and it was
a number of years before it recovered from this disaster.

The name of Acadie is first given to the territory between
forty and forty-sixth degrees of north latitude, in the grant
from Henry 4th to Du Mont. The origin of the name is
lost. Douglass’ says it is derived from Arcadia in Greece.
The French in the treaty of St. Germain, call the country
Lacadie,® which Prince Anglicises Laccady’.* The English

1 Belknap Biog., p. 340. 2 Hutch. land titles in Maine p. 2.
3 Sullivan, p. 156. 4 Prince, vol.i, p. 37.
5 Prince, vol. i, p. 305. 6 Hazard, vol. i, p. 319.

7 Hazard, vol. ii, p. 78. Some writers have supposed this name to be derived
from a tribe of Indians in that territory called the Passamaquoddy or Passa-

macadie tribe.

*[ Mr. Porter Bliss, long a resident among the Seneca Indians, and who has a
good understanding of the Indian language, in 1861 informed me that Acadi is
a pure Micmac word, meaning “‘place,” and is always used in combination with
some explanatory word, as Suga-bun-dcadi, the place of ground nuts, the
present Shebenacadi in Nova Scotia; Umskegu-Acadt, Great Meadow, Grand Pré,

Passam-Acadi, a place of fish. ]
12 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

oceupied the country exclusively as far cast as the Kennebec,
and the French, except when dispossessed by treaty or actual
force, had exclusive occupation as far west as the Penobscot.
The country between these two rivers was debatable land,
both parties continually claiming it, and each occupying it by
intervals. In the commission to the French governor before
the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Acadia is described as extend-
ing to the Kennebec, and the whole was then ceded to the
English. But in the construction of that treaty, the French
restricted the territory to Nova Scotia. In fact the limits
of the province were extremely indefinite, and the title de-
pended upon possession, which was continually fluctuating.

The colony of Du Mont was undoubtedly the first attempt to
plant upon the coast of Maine, and continued longer than any
other which did not become permanent.

The expedition of Du Mont, [with the voyage of Martin Prinn
in 1603, and the very successful exploration of the coast of
Maine, between the Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, of which
a glowing account was given by Rosier,] drew the attention ot
the English to this side of the Atlantic ; and in April, 1606, a
charter was procured for the large extent of territory lying
between the thirty-fourth and forty-fourth degrees of north
latitude, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. This
large tract was divided between two colonies; the first, stretch-
ing to the forty-first degree of north latitude, was bestowed
upon a London company, and called South Virginia, the
northern part was called North V irginia, and was granted to
a company of adventurers in the town of Plymouth. Fach
colony had a distinct council of thirteen appointed by the king
for the management of its affairs.?

Under this charter, the adventurers sent out colonies in 1607.

1 Hutch. vol. iii, p. 8. Memoriais of the English and French Commissioners,
respecting the limits of Nova Scotia, London, 1755,

2 Hazard, vol. i, p. 50.
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST, 13

The one from Plymouth destined to the northern shore, con-
sisted of two ships and one hundred men, under command of
Capt. George Popham, as president, and Capt. Rawly Gilbert,
as admiral. They sailed from Plymouth on the 31st of May,
and arrived at Monhegan upon this coast August 11th, and
then continued on to the Kennebee, where they planted them-
selves upon an island, in the mouth of that river. Here
they built a fort, called St. George, and made preparations for
a permanent settlement. But a succession of peculiarly un-
favorable circumstances? terminated the existence and hopes
of this colony within one year from its commencement; and
at the same time raised prejudices against the northern coast,
which checked the spirit of colonization and discovery, and
threw back the settlement of the country for a number of
years. Smith says that “the country was esteemed as a cold,
barren, mountainous, rocky desert ;”’ and Prince adds, that

1 Prince, vol. ii, pp. 21,254. Smith’s N.E., p.173. Jocelyn. The late Gov:
Sullivan thought he found traces of this settlement on Stage Island, as late
as 1778; others suppose the settlement to have been made on Parker’s Island,
forming part of Georgetown.

“*[Recent investigation has proved the statements of Sullivan and others, in
regard to the locality of the first settlement to have been erroneous; and it is
now known to have been on the peninsula on the west bank of the river near
its mouth, called by the Indians Sabino, but now bearing the English name of
Hunnewell’s Point. Strachey, who was one of the colony, gives a description
of the spot, which cannot be mistaken. The United States government aré
erecting a fort upon or near the site of Fort George, called Fort Popham, in
honor of the Governor of the first colony. The occasion was improved, August
29, 1862, by the Historical Society, and a very large and respectable assemblage
of persons from our own and neighboring States, and the British Provinces, to
commemorate the two hundred and fifty-fifth anniversary of the planting of the
colony, by addresses and appropriate services, and placing memorial stones on
the walls of the fortress. The leading address was by Jobn A. Poor, Esq., of
Portland. A full account of these interesting transactions was published in a
“Memorial Volume of the Popham Celebration,” issued from the press of
Bailey & Noyes, of Portland, in 1863.]

Prince, vol. ti, p. 25.
14 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

they “branded the country as over cold and not habitable by
our natives.” 2

The large preparations that were made, and the circum-
stances attending this expedition, show that the design of the
adventurers was to establish a permanent settlement. They had
their President, their Admiral, Master of Ordnance, Sergeant-
major, Marshall, Secretary, Captain of the Fort, Chaplain, and
Chief Searcher, all of whom constituted the council. But the
colony arrived late in the season, and had but little time to
make those preparations which were necessary to protect them
from the severities of our climate in an inhospitable wilder-
ness. They had been led to expect from the highly-colored
descriptions of previous voyagers, a winter not more unfavor-
able than those to which they had been accustomed in England,
and did not take those precautions which experience would
have dictated. We can easily imagine that the hardships
which they endured, would have discouraged stouter hearts
than even they possessed, inexperienced as they were in the
long and severe winters which then visited our northern region.

After the ill success of this undertaking, the patentees turned
their attention rather to commercial enterprises than to the
forming of settlements; and some of them individually sent
out vessels every year to fish upon the coast, and to trade with
the natives. Sir Francis Popham, son of Chief Justice Popham,
and Sir Ferdinando Gorges were principally engaged in this
business.

In the spring of 1614, an expedition was fitted out under
command of Capt. John Smith, “ to take whales,” “ and also
to make trials of a mine of gold and copper ; if those failed,
fish and furs were then their refuge.”! Smith adds, “we found
this whale-fishing a costly conclusion, we saw many, and spent
much time in chasing them, but could not kill any; they being
a kind of jubartes and not the whale that yields fins and oil as

1 Smith’s N. E., p. 175, and his letter to Lord Bacon.
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 15

we expected.” They were also disappointed in their mines,
and he thinks the representation was rather a device of the
master to get a voyage, “than any knowledge he had of any
such matter.” Leaving his vessels, Smith, with eight men in
a boat, ranged the whole coast from Penobscot to Cape Cod :
within which bounds he says, he saw at least forty several:
habitations upon the sea-coast, the principal of which was
Penobscot. He adds, “westward of Kennebeke, is the country
of Aucocisco, in the bottom of a large deep bay, full of many
great Iles, which divides it into many great harbours.’! This
refers to Casco bay, and Aucocisco, may be supposed to express
the English sound of the aboriginal name of that extensive
and beautiful bay.* Smith returned to England, where he
arrived the oth of August, and immediately prepared a map of
the country which he had visited, and gave it the name of
New England.

The next year (1615) Capt. Smith was again employed by
Sir F. Gorges and others to visit New England, with a view of
beginning a settlement there: for this purpose he was furnished
with two ships, and a company of sixteen men to leave in the
country. But he was driven back to port by a violent storm
which carried away his masts. On the second attempt, he was
captured by the French. It does not appear that this celebrated .
adventurer ever came to America after 1614: he published his
description of New England in London in 1616, and died in
that city 1631.

Every year after this, vessels were sent to the coast to trade
with the natives and to fish; many of which made profitable

1 Smith’s N. E., p. 192. The same name is given to this bay by Jocelyn in
his voyages, and the natives about it are called the -Aucocisco, by Gorges in
“America painted to the life.’ p. 43.

*[ Aucocisco came as near the sound of the Indian word for the bay as could
be expressed in English, as Smith and the early voyagers caught the sound.
It should be pronounced UVh-kos-is-co, the Uh being a guttural, The meaning of
the Indian term according to the best interpreters is Crane or Heron, from the
bird which then frequented its waters, as it does still.]
16 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

voyages. In 1615, Sir Richard Hawkins sailed from England
with a commission from the council of Plymouth to do what
service he could for them at New England ; but on arriving
here he found a destructive war prevailing among the natives,
and he passed along the coast to Virginia.’ In 1616, four
ships from Plymouth, and two from London, made successful
voyages, and obtained full cargoes of fish, which they carried
to England and Spain. Sir F. Gorges also sent out a ship
under the charge of Richard Vines, who afterward became
conspicuous in the early history of Maine; he passed the win-
ter at the mouth of Saco river; from which circumstance, I
suppose, was derived the name of Winter Harbor,? which it
still bears.

In 1618, Capt. Edward Rocroft was sent by Gorges in a ship
of two hundred tons, to fish upon the coast. He captured a
French bark lying in one of the harbors, sent her crew in his
own ship to England, and retained the bark with a view to
winter here. But some of his men conspiring to kill him and
run away with his prize, he put them on shore at Sawguatock
(Saco) and in December, sailed for Virginia. The men who
were thus left, succeeded in getting to Monhegan Island, where
they spent the winter,’ and were relieved in the spring by Capt.
Dermer, in another of Gorges’ ships.

Monhegan was a convenient stage for fishermen, and had
- become a place of usual resort; it is therefore probable, that
buildings, or temporary shelters, had been erected upon it.

In 1620, a new charter was obtained of King James, by the
Northern Company, bearing date November 3d. It embraced
the territory lying between the forty and forty-eighth degrees
of north latitude, including the country from Philadelphia to

1 Prince, vol. ii, p. 48.

2 Douglass, vol. i, p. 894, derives the name from Mr. Winter, who he says
had a farm there; butin this fact he is mistaken: Winter’s farm was at the
mouth of the Spurwink,

% Prince, vol, ii, p. 54,
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 17

the Bay of Chaleurs, which empties into the gulf of St. Law-
rence.' The patentees were the Duke of Lenox, the Marquises
of Buckingham and Hamilton, the Earls of Arundel and War-
wick, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and thirty-four others, who were
styled the council established at Plymouth, in the county of
Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of
New England, in America.

Under this patent, were all the grants made, which originally
divided the country between the Hudson and the Penobscot
rivers ; beyond these bounds the patent of 1620, had no prac-
tical operation.

While these patentees were procuring a new charter, the
more successfully to prosecute their design of private emolu-
ment, another company was arising of an entirely different
character, who, without concert with the patentees or without
their concurrence, and it may even be said without any design
of their own, were to give the strongest impulse to the coloni-
zation of New England, and to stamp their peculiar features
upon its future destinies.

The English residents at Leyden, had determined to seek
security and freedom of worship in the wilderness of America,
and in the summer of this year commenced their voyage for
the Hudson river. But either by design or accident, they fell
short of their destination, and arrived at Cape Cod, on the
10th of November, 1620, In this neighborhood they resolved
to remain, and having selected the spot which they named
Plymouth, they established there the first permanent settlement
that was made in New England. The French had then a
plantation at Port Royal, and the English had settlements in
Virginia, Bermuda, and Newfoundland. The nearest planta-
tion to them was the one at Port Royal.

We can merely allude to this interesting company, in the

1 Hazard, vol. i,p. 108. Prince, vol. ii, pp. 70, 94.
Prince, vol. ii, p, 94.
18 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

pursuance of our plan to bring into view the different settle
ments and attempts at settlement upon our coast previous to
the one, of which it is our purpose particularly to speak.
Other hands have done justice to this important event in the
history of this country.

On the 10th of September, 1621, the north-eastern part of the
territory included in the charter to the council of Plymouth,
was granted by James I, to Sir Wm. Alexander.t This was
done by the consent of the company, as Gorges in his descrip-
tion of New England declares.? The grant to which the name
of Nova Scotia was given, extended from Cape Sable north to
the St. Lawrence, thence by the shore of that river and round
by the sea to the first point; included Cape Breton and all the
islands within six leagues of the western,northern, and eastern
parts, and those within forty leagues south of Cape Sable.
Sir William was engaged in this adventure by becoming
acquainted with Capt. Mason, who a short time before had.
returned from Newfoundland.

In 1622 or 1623, Sir William Alexander subdued the French
inhabitants within his grant, carried them prisoners to Virginia,
and planted a colony there himself.3*

New England being now brought into notice by the respec-:

1 Prince, vol. ii, p. 111. Hazard, vol. i, p. 184. 2 Hazard, vol. i, p. 387.
3 Jeremiah Dummer’s Mem., vol. i. 3d Ser, Mass. IH. Col., p. 232.

*[On the 12th of April, 1635, the council of Plymouth granted to Sir Wm.
Alexander all that part of the main Jand in New England from St. Croix ad-
joining New Scotland along the sea coast to Pemaquid, and so up to the Kine-
bequi to be called the county of Canada. Also Long Island, west of Cape Cod,
“to be holden per gladium comitatus, that is to say to find four able-bodied men
to attend on the Governor of New England on fourteen days notice.” Sainsbury's
Col. Papers, vol. i, p. 204. “Tn 1622, Capt. Robert Gorges, the eldest son of Sir F-
Gorges was appointed Governor of New England, with Capt. Francis West,
Christopher Lewitt, and the Governor of New Plymouth as his counselors.
Lewitt came over in 1623 and visited the coast of Maine from Piscataqua to
Pemaquid. - An interesting account of this voyage is contained in the 2d Vol. of
the Me. Hist. Col.]
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 19

tability of the persons who had engaged in its cause, and
especially by the profits derived from the fish-and fur trade,
the intercourse with it was yearly increasing. In 1621, ten
or twelve ships from the west of England, procured full cargoes
of fish and fur ; in 1622, thirty-five ships, in 1623, forty ships,
and in 1624, fifty ships were engaged in the same trade.! So
great seems to have been the excitement in this new channel
of speculation, that the Plymouth company found it necessary
to procure a proclamation from the king, which bears date
Nov. 6, 1622, to prevent “ interloping and disorderly trading”
upon the coast.2 It is alleged in the proclamation, that persons
without authority committed intolerable abuses there, not only
by destroying timber and throwing their ballast into the bar-
bors of the islands, but by selling war-like implements and
ammunition to the natives and teaching them their use.

The same year, August 10th, the council of Plymouth
granted to Sir F. Gorges and Capt. John Mason, two of their
company, ‘all the lands situated between the rivers Merrimac
and Sagadehoc,” extending back to the great lakes, and the
river of Canada.2 In 1623, they sent over David Thompson,
Edward and William Hilton, and others, who commenced a
plantation upon the west side of the Piscataqua river, which
was the first settlement in New Hampshire, and the beginning
of the present town of Portsmouth. Gorges and Mason con-
tinued their joint interest on the Piscataqua, having procured
a new patent in 1681, including all their improvements on both
sides of the river until 1634, when they made a division of
their property ;> Mason took the western side of the river, and
Gorges the eastern, and they each procured distinct patents
for their respective portions, which they afterward separately
pursued.

1 Prince, vol.i, pp. 99, 117. 2 Hazard, vol.i, p. 151. Sainsbury.
3 Hutchinson, vol. i, p. 285, Hubbard, N. E., p. 614.
4 Prince, vol.i, p. 133, An. of Portsmouth, 5 Belk., vol. i,N. H. App.
20 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Gorges did not confine his attention exclusively to Piscataqua,
even while he continued a partner in the Laconia patent ; for
in February 1623, we find that he had already a plantation
established upon the island of Monhegan. This was probably
for the accommodation of the fishermen ; but it had become of
sufficient importance to draw thither the persons settled in
Massachusetts bay for supplies.!_ This plantation must have

been commenced in 1621, or 1622, and was the first which
continued for any length of time upon any part of the territory
of Maine. Monhegan is a solitary island, about twelve miles
south-east of Pemaquid point, which is the nearest main land.
From this island the transition to the main was easy ; and from
the concourse of vessels to this neighborhood in the fishing
season, it might naturally be expected that here settlements
would be early formed. Such appears to have been the fact,
and we find that in 1625, a settlement was commenced at New
Harbor, on Pemaquid, which continued to increase without
interruption, until the destructive war of 1675.

On the 15th of July, 1625, John Brown, of New Harbor,
purchased of Capt. John Somerset and Unongoit, two Indian
Sachems, for fifty skins, a tract of land on Pemaquid, extend-
ing eight miles by twenty-five, together with Muscongus
island.” The next year Abraham Shurt was sent over by
Alderman Aldsworth and Giles Elbridge, merchants of Bristol,
as their agent, and was invested with power to purchase Mon-
hegan for them. This island then belonged to Abraham
Jennings of Plymouth, of whose agent, Shurt purchased it for
£502 In 1629, Aldsworth and Elbridge sent over to Shurt
a patent from the council of Plymouth, for twelve thousand

1 Prince, p. 127. Morton’s Mem., p. 109.
~ Report of Mass. Com, on the Pemag. title 1811, p. 107.

3 Shurt was about forty-four years old when he came over, and was living in
1662, aged about eighty. 1n 1675, there were no less than one hundred and
fifty-six families east of Sagadahoc, and near one hundred fishing vessels
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 21

~

acres of land on Pemaquid, bounded north by a line drawn from
the head of the Damariscotta to the head of the Muscongus
river, and from thence to the sea, including the islands within
three leagues of the shore.!* Here was commenced the first
permanent settlement on the main land within the territory of
this state, by any European power. Thomas Elbridge, the son
of Giles, the patentee, came over a few years afterward and held
a court within this patent, to which many of the inhabitants of
Monhegan and Damariscove repaired, and made acknowledg-
ment? of submission. This place from its numerous harbors
and islands, possessed many advantages of trade as well as of
farming and fishing, and rapidly increased in population and
business. An additional grant was made to the same persons
in 1532, in which it is recited, that the land is “‘ next adjoining
to this place, where the people or servants of said Giles and

1 We here present a fac-simile of the signatures of Abraham Shurt, and
Thomas Elbridge.

ANB ph Cpu 26

*[Sainsbury in his colonial calendar, says that this grant was to be laid out
near the river of Pemaquid. with an additional one hundred acres to every per-
son who should settle there, in consideration of the patentees having undertaken
to build a town and settle inhabitants there for the good of the country. He
puts this down under date Nov. 24, 1631.]

2 Sil. Davis’s Report, p. 40.

 

owned between Sagadahoc and St. Georges’ river. Sil, Davis's statement to the

council in 1675.
_ 22 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Robert are now settled, or have inhabited for the space of three

years last past.’’!*

1 Since the above was put to press, I have discovered among a bundle of old
papers, just put into my hands, a certificate or declaration of Samuel Welles,
of Boston, made in 1750, relative to a settlement at Pemaquid two or three years
earlier than I have stated in the text. I have introduced this certificate as
noticing an important fact, which, it is surprising, has hitherto escaped obser-
vation.

“This may certify all concerned, that I have in my hand, a certain patent,
signed by the Earl of Warwick, and several other members of the council of
Plymouth, in England, dated June Ist, 1621, about three years after the patent,
constituting the council of Plymouth for ordering the affairs and settlement of
New England; that is, of land between the fortieth and forty-eighth degree of
north latitude. The sum and substance of this patent of June Ist, 1621, isa
grant to one John Pierce, a citizen of London, of liberty to come and settle in
New England, with divers privileges in such place as he or his associates should
choose under certain limitations of not interfering with other grants, or settling
within ten miles of any other settlement, unless on the opposite side of some
great and navigable river, and on return made, to have further grants or privi-
leges. Now, asI am informed, and hear it is agreed on all hands, Mr. Pierce.
came over and here he settled; that is, at a place called Broad Bay, and there
his posterity continued above one hundred years ; some time after the settlement
was begun, one Mr. Brown made a purchase of a large tract of land of the
natives; and as Mr. Pierce’s was the most ancient ‘grant thereabouts, they
united the grant from: home with the purchase of the natives, and it is said, that
the Indians have ever acknowledged the justice of our claims, and never would
burn Pierce’s house, even though he left it. This patent is the ancientest I ever
saw about any part of New England, except the original grand patent to the
council of Plymouth, made as I remember in November, in 1618. This patent
is eight years older than that to Bradford and his associates for Plymouth
Colony, and nine years older than Massachusetts’ first charter. I donot think
of anything further material or needful to be said, and the above is the best
account my time will now allow me to give.

There are six seals signed by the Duke of Lenox, Duke of Hamilton, Earl
Warwick, and some others, whose names I cannot find out.

SAMUEL WELLES.”

Boston, 11th ‘September, 1750.

*(In “early documents relating to Maine,” is the following memorandum,
“A. D.1758, April 6. Deposition of Samuel Welles, of Boston, in New England,
declaring that in 1727, great search was made after the patent of the late colony
of Plymouth, which was studiously sought after in the years 1733 and 1739;
“VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 23

In 1626, the government of Plymouth colony established a
trading house on Bagaduce Point, at the mouth of the Penob-
scot, and first gave this name to that river. ‘The Indian name
was Penobsceag or Penobscook ; the French called it Penta-
quevette or Pentagoet.'!. The Baron de St. Castin, afterward

1 Sul. Hist. of Maine, pp. 36, 38, and His. of Pen. Ind., Mass. Hist. Col., vol.
ix, p. 209.

 

and again in 1741 at Plymouth, Ipswich, and Cambridge. At length Perez

Bradford, Esq., was desired to inquire, and with much difficulty he procured it,
having been designedly concealed.”

Mr. Deane in a note to “Bradford’s History of Plymouth Plantation,” p. 107,
says, ‘this charter or patent was granted by the president and council of New
England ‘‘ to John Pierce and his associates,’ and was in trust for the benefit of
the colony. * * The original is now at Plymouth, and is probably the oldest
document in Massachusetts officially connected with her history.” A copy is
published in the Appendix to the ‘‘ Popham Memorial Volume,” p. 118.

It is generally assumed that this patent was for the settlement of Plymouth ;
but it contains no allusion to that colony, nor is itin trust for it. The language
of the charter is, ‘‘ that whereas the said [John Pierce and his associates have
already transported, and undertaken to transport at their cost and charges,
themselves and divers persons into New England, and there to erect and build
a town, and settle divers inhabitants,” &c. ‘Now the said president and council,
in consideration thereof, have granted, allotted, assigned, and confirmed unto
the said John Pierce and his associates, &c., one hundred several acres of
ground in New England for every person so transported, or to be transported.
* * * The same land to be taken and chosen by them, their deputies, or
assigns, in any place, or places, whatsoever, not already inhabited by any
Engiish.” * * And they further grant to them fifteen hundred acres besides,
in consideration of said Pierce and associates having undertaken to build
churches, hospitals, bridges, &c.

This language has no application to Plymouth: it is the same used in the
grant to Aldsworth and Elbridge of a portion of Pemaquid, 1629, and Mr. Welles
expressly says in his deposition that Mr. Pierce came over and settled at Broad
Bay under his grant, and his posterity continued there above one hundred years.

It does not appear to me that the patent or charter referred to in Weston’s
letter of July 6, 1621, contained in Bradford's history, is at all identified with
that of Pierce, but the fair construction of the language is against it. Weston
says, page 107, ‘‘ We have procured you a charter, the best we could, which
is better than your former, and with less limitation.” Now the famed charter to
Pierce of June 1, 1621, does not at all answer that description, and I must still
consider that the lost document has not yet come to light. ]
2t HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

erected his fort upon the site of the old trading house, and that
spot, together with the adjacent territory still perpetuates the
name of one of the most persevering enemies that our early
colonists had to contend with. In 1632, the French rifled this
trading house of property to the value of £500 sterling.

The same government having obtained a patent on the Ken-
nebec river, erected in 1628, a house for trade up the river,
and furnished it with corn and other commodities for summer
anil winter.!

About this time, Thomas Purchase settled upon land now
included within the limits of Brunswick: the precise year in
which he went there we cannot ascertain. In a deed to
Richard Wharton, July 7, 1684, from Worumbo and other
sagamores, they confirmed to him “lands conveyed to and
possessed by Thomas Purchase, deceased, who came to this
country near threescore years ago.’’? Purchase continued to
live on the same estate, which he purchased of the Indians,
until the first Indian war, and is frequently noticed in the
affairs of the province. His widow married John Blaney, of —
Lynn, and was living in 1683 ; he left three children, Thomas,
Jane, and Elizabeth. *

1 Prince, vol. i. p. 62, 2d part. ‘

2 George Way was associated in the patent with Purchase; the grant iucluded
land lying on both sides of Pejepscot, on the eastern end of Androsceggin river,
on Kennebec river, and Casco bay. Eleazer Way, son and heir of George, con-
veyed his moiety to R. Wharton, 1683. The patent has long been lost, and is
only known to have existed by references in early deeds.

3 York Records.

* (“June 16,1632. The council for New England grant to George Way and
Thomas Purchase, certain lands in New England called the river Bishopscotte,
and all that bounds and limits the main land adjoining the river to the extent of
two miles.” Satnsbury’s Cul. Paper, vol. i, p.152. The river intended is doubtless
the Pejepscot, which was that part of the Androscoggin lying between the Ken-
nebec river and Lewiston Falls. In August, 1689, Purchase conveyed to the

fassachusetts Company his land at Pejepscot, reserving the portion occupied

and improved by him. An abstract of tie deed isin Hazard, vol. i, p. 457.
For further interesting particulars relating to this title and the settlements at
Pejepscot, I refer to Vol. iii., Me. Hist. Col, pp. 311 and $25.]
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 25

In 1628, the Massachusetts company procured a charter from
the council of Plymouth, and in June sent over Capt. John
Endicott and a few associates to take possession of the grant.!
They arrived in September at Naumkeag (Salem) and laid
the foundation of that respectable town and the colony of
Massachusetts. ;

Some time in the course of this year, Walter Bagnall, called
Great Walt, established himself upon Richmond’s? Island, with-
in the limits of the ancient town of Falmouth. Winthrop’, un-
der 1631, says, he lived alone upon the island three years, and
had accumulated about £400, mostly in goods, by his trade
with the Indians, whom he had much wronged. He anda
companion were killed by an Indian sagamore, called Squi-
drayset, and his company, Oct. 8, 1631, who burnt his house
and plundered his property. Bagnall had been a servant to
some one in Massachusetts, but when or with whom he came
to this country is not known. §

1 Prince, vol. ii, p. 174. Hazard, vol. i, p. 239.

2JT am not able to determine whether the original name of this island was
Richman’s or Richmond. Winthrop in his first notice of it, calls it Richman’s
Island. It is afterward in the same work, and by other authors sometimes called
Richman’s, and sometimes Richmond. In the early records it is often written
Richman’s, it is so written in a deed from Robert Jordan, its owner, to his son
John, in 1677. On the other hand, it has borne its present name for the last
century, and that mode of writing it is met with nearly as often in the previous
period. A Mr. John Richmond lived in the neighborhood in 1636 and some years
afterward; but he does not appear to have had any connection with the island ;
and Mr. Trelawny, its owner, had a bark called the Richmond, which traded to
the island in the year 1639. It may have derived its name from the Duke of
Richmond, who was one of the council of Plymouth. The Indian name is en-
tirely lost, it has never been known by any other in our history but one of those
before mentioned.

3 Winthrop’s J-urnal, vol. i, p. 62. Prince, 2d part, p. 36.

§ [In Sainsbury’s Colonial papers is this memorandum: “Dec. 2, 1631, Patents
to Walter Bagnall for a small island called Richmond, with 1500 acres of land:
and for John Stratton for 2000 acres of land south side of Cape Porpus river
or creek.” ]

3
26 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Squidrayset, Squidragusset, or Scitterygusset, in each of
which modes the name is spelt, was a sachem over a tribe on
the Presumpscot river. He subsequently conveyed lands up-
on the Presumpscot to the English, and a creek near the mouth
of that river still bears his name. This occupation by Bagnall
is the first attempt to establish a plantation within the limits
of Falmouth :* and it seems that he had undisturbed posses-
sion there until the time he was murdered. In January, 1633,
an expedition fitted out in Massachusetts to intercept a pirate,
who was said to have been hovering about Pemaquid, on their
return stopped at Richmond’s island, and inflicted summary

* [This is an error revealed by recent investigation. In Sainsbury’s calendar
of state papers vol. i, p. 45, is this minute of Council: ‘May 5, 1623, Christopher
Levett tobe a principal patentee & to have a grant of 6000 acres of land.” “June
26, 1623. The King judges well of the undertaking in New England & more
particularly of a design of Christopher Levett one of the Council for settling
that plantation, to build a city there and call it York.” In pursuance of these
arrangements, Levett came over in 1623, touching first at the ‘Isle of Shoulds,”
thence to the Piscataqua, from which he sailed eastward along the coast as far
as Pemaqnid, visiting the various harbors and rivers with a view to select a
suitable place to establish his plantation. Ho says, ‘‘And now in its place I
come to Quack, which I have named York. At this place there fished divers
ships of Waymouth this year (1623). It lieth about two leagues to the east of
Cape Elizabeth. It is a bay or sound betwixt the main & certain islands which
lieth in the sea about one English mile & half. There are four islands which
make one good harbor.” There can be no doubt of this location; the islands
are what are now called Bangs. House, Hog, and Peaks. He adds, “And thus
after many dangers, much labor & great charge, I have obtained a place of
habitation in New England, where I have built a house & fortified it in a good
reasonable fashion, strong enough against such enemies as are these savage
people.”

Levett, after making these arrangements, returned to England to bring over
his wife and children, leaving ten ‘men in charge of his house and property.
But it does not appear that he ever came back. nor what became of the men
he left or his property. He gives no account of it in his narrative, although it
was not published until 1628. That the settlement was broken up and aban-
doned, is certain.]
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. QT

justice upon Black Will, one of the murderers of Bagnall, by
hanging him without the forms of law.!*

On the 12th of February 1630, the council of Plymouth
made two grants on the Saco river ; each being four miles up-
on the sea, and extending eight miles into the country. That
upon the west side of the river was to John Oldham and Rich-
ard Vines? Oldham had lived in the country six years, partly
within the Plymouth, and partly within the Massachusetts
jurisdiction, and Vines had become acquainted with the country
by frequent voyages to it, and spending one winter at the place
where his patent was situated. It is mentioned in the deed
that the patentees had undertaken to transport fifty persons
thither within seven years to plant and inhabit there. This
condition was undoubtedly complied with, and Vines, who
managed the whole concern, immediately took possession of his
grant (June 25, 1630) and entered with zeal and ability upon
the means of converting it into a source of profit.

1 Winthrop, vol. i, p. 99.

* [On the 11th of May, 1855, the occupant of Richmond’s island, in ploughing
a field near the northern shore, turned up a stone pot lying about a foot under
the surface near what had been the foundation of buildings. On examination,
the pot was found to contain twenty silver coins of the reign of Elizabeth, viz:
four one shilling pieces, sixteen sixpences, one groat, and two half-groats ; of
the reign of James I, there were four one shilling pieces, and one sixpence, the
latter, the only one dated, had the stamp of 1606. There were also twenty-one
gold coins, of which ten were sovereigns or units of the reign of James I, and
three half-sovereigns, seven sovereigns of the reign of Charles I, and one, a
Scottish coin of James as king of Scotland, dated 1602. A full description of
this discovery and of the coin, was published in the “State of Maine,” news-
paper, May 24, 1855, and another article on the subject soon after in the
Massachusetts Historical Collection. A more full account is contained in Me.
Historical Collection. vol. vi. p.127. A gold wedding signet ‘ring was also
found in the pot, with the initials G.V. in a love knot, inscribed upon it. No
clue was given as to the time the deposit was made, and it is only left to con-
jecture, to form any conclusion on the subject. The latest date ‘on the cvin is
1625, and it therefore may be justly inferred that the concealment was made at
or about the time of Bagnall’s murder in 1631.]

2 York Records.
28 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The patent upon the east side of the river was given to
Thomas Lewis and Richard Bonighton, and recites that it was
made “in consideration that said Thomas Lewis Gent, hath
already been at the charge to transport himself and others to
take a view of New England for the bettering his experience
in the advancing of a plantation, and doth now wholly intend
by God’s assistance, with his associates to plant there,” &c'.
The patentees undertook to transport fifty persons there in
seven years at their own expense. Livery of seisin was given
June 28, 1631, and the proprietors in person successfully pros-
ecuted the interests of their patent. Such were the beginnings
of the towns of Biddeford and Saco, and the lands continue to
be held under those patents at this day. Oldham never ap-
pears to have entered upon his grant’; Vines occupied it fifteen
years, and sold it in 1645, in which year or early the next, he
went to Barbadoes, where he probably died. Lewis died on
his estate previous to 1640, without male issue, but Bonighton
continued to enjoy his proportion of the patent to a ripe old
age, when he was gathered to his fathers, leaving a large es-
tate to his children.?

In 1680, the colony of Plymouth procured a new charter
from the council, for a tract of land fifteen miles on each
side of Kennebec river, extending as far up as Cobbisecontee.
Under this grant, they carried on a trade with the natives
upon the river for a number of years, and in 1660, sold the
title for four hundred pounds sterling, to Tyng, Brattle, Boies,
and Winslow‘.

1 The original patent was accidently found by Mr. Folsom, when he was col-
lecting materials for his history of Saco, and has been deposited by him in the
Archives of the Maine Historical Society.

2 Oldham was killed by the Indians off Block Island July 20, 1636. Winthrop,
vol. i.

3 For further particulars relative to these grants and the early history of Saco
and Biddeford, we take pleasure to refer to Mr. Folsom’s history of those
places, in which is collected all the information of value that is to be obtained
on the subject.

+ Hazard, vol. i. p, 298. Prince vol. i: p. 196. Sullivan p. 303.
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 29

The same year, March 13th, the grant to Jobn Beauchamp,
of London and Thomas Leverett of Boston, in England, was
made. It was ten leagues square, and was situated between
Muscongus and Broad bay, and Penobscot bay. Large prepa-
rations were immediately made for carrying on trade there,
and agents were employed for conducting it.’ This was origin-
ally called the Lincoln grant, and afterward the Waldo patent,
alarge part of it having been held by Brigadier Waldo, to
whose heirs it descended. It now forms part of the counties
of Waldo and Knox.

In the course of the same year (1630) the council of Ply-
mouth granted to John Dy and others, forty miles square,
lying between Cape Porpus and Cape Elizabeth. This was
named the province of Lygonia, though commonly known in
early times as the plough patent”. The latter term is supposed
to have been applied either from the ship, named the Plough,
which brought over the first company, or from the circum-
stance that the adventurers were generally husbandmen, while
the usual employment of others upon the coast was commer-
cial.

The first company arrived at Winter Harbor in the summer
of 1631, in the ship Plough, but not being satisfied with the
appearance of the country and their future prospects, the prin-
cipal part of them continued on to Boston and Watertown,
where they were soon broken up and scattered’. No further
effective measures seem to have been taken for the occupation

1 Douglas, vol. i. p. 884. Prince, vol. i. p. 208.

2 Sullivan, pp. 114, 304, 310. I never have been able to discover this patent,
nor ascertain its date, nor who were the patentees. I do not know that there is
a copy of it in the country ; the original was sent over to Richard Dummer of
Newbury, in 1638, as agent, but was afterward ordered home. Hubbard men-
tions as patentees, John Dy, Thomas Luke, Grace Harding, and John Roach
of London. Sullivan says they were John Dye, Jolin Smith, Brian Brinks, and
others.

3 Winthrop, vol i. p. 58,
30 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of this grant until 1643, when it fell into the hands of Alexan-
der Rigby, under whom a government was established. This
subject will be adverted to hereafter more particularly ; the
claim to soil and sovereignty in that province, occupies a con-
siderable space in our affairs, and gave birth to a conflict with
‘Gorges, which was only quieted by a submission of all parties
to the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.

This year (1630) Richard Tucker established himself at the
mouth of Spurwink river in Cape Elizabeth, where he was
joined the same year by George Cleeves, and they unitedly
carried on business there between two and three years. In
1632, they were ejected by John Winter, who acted as agent
for Robert Trelawny and Moses Goodyeare, of Plymouth, Eng-
land who had procured a patent of a tract including all Cape
Elizabeth.!'| Driven from their residence on the Spurwink, they
sought refuge on the north side of Casco or Fore river, and
laid the foundation of the first settlement upon the Neck, now
Portland, in 1632.

The same year a settlement was commenced at Agamenticus,
now York, by Edward Godfrey. This was on York river, and
probably near the mouth; the inhabitants subsequently ex-
tended up the river for the purpose of erecting mills. Godfrey
states in a petition to the General Court of Massachusetts in
1654, “that he had been a well willer, encourager, and furderer
of this colony of New England, for forty-five years past, and
above thirty-two years an adventurer on that design, twenty-
four years an inhabitant of this place (York) the first that
ever bylt or settled ther.” In 1634, he procured of the coun-
cil of Plymouth, a grant to himself and associates, Samuel
Maverick, Wm. Hooke, and others, of twelve thousand acres
of land on the north side of the river Agamenticus.2 The same

~ 1 York Records.

2 Godfrey was for several years an agent of the Laconia company at Piscata-
qua; after he established himself in Maine, his activity and intelligence soon
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 31

year another grant of twelve thousand acres on the west side
of the river was made to Gorges’ grandson, Ferdinando.*

The next grant we meet with of land upon this coast, was
of Black Point, now a part of Scarborough, to Thomas Cam-
mock, dated Nov. 1, 1631. This was by the council of Ply-
mouth, and extended from Black Point river to the Spurwink,
and back one mile from the sea. Cammock is said to have
been a relative of the Earl of Warwick ; he was one of the
company sent to Piscataqua, and was there as early as 1631.
Possession of his grant, which included Stratton’s Islands, ly-
ing about a mile from the point, was given to him by Capt.
Walter Neale, May 23, 1633. The patent was confirmed to
him by Gorges in 1640; the same year he gave a deed of it
to Henry Jocelyn, to take effect after the death of himself and
his wife. He died in the West Indies, in 1643, and Jocelyn
immediately entered upon possession and married Margaret,

* (Sainsbury, vol. i. p. 266 says, “Grant to Edward Godfrey and others of
Dec. 2, 1631 to be renewed, March 2, 1638."]

1 York Records.

 

brought him into notice. Sir F. Gorges appointed him a counselor of his prov-
ince in 1640; and in 1642, he was Mayor of Gorgiana. He was chosen Gov-
ernor by the people in the western part of the State in 1649, and was the first
in Maine who exercised that office by the election of the people. He is said by
a committee on the Mason title in England in 1660, ‘to have discharged this
office with much reputation of integrity and justice.” He died about 1664,
at an advanced age, leaving a son, Oliver. In a report to the king, 1661, signed
by Robert Mason and others, it is said ‘That Edward Godfrey hath lived there
many years, and discharged the office of Governor with the utmost integrity.”
Winthrop says (vol. i. p. 1387) that Sir F. Gorges and Capt. Mason sent a person
in 1634, to Agamenticus and Piscataqua, with two saw-mills to be erected, one
at each place.—Mass. files, 1654.

[Agamenticus was the Indian name for the river now called York, and
was also applied to the adjoining hills and territory. The composition of the
word, as the Rev. Mr. Ballard informs me, is A*ghemak-ti-koos, means snow
shoes river, from the pond at its source in that shape.]
82 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

his widow. The tract is now held under this title by convey-
ance from Jocelyn to Joshua Scottow, dated July 6, 1666.*
December 1, 1631, the council of Plymouth granted to Rob-
ert Trelawny and Moses Goodyeare, merchants of Plymouth,
the tract lying between Cammock’s patent “and the bay and
river of Casco, and extending northwards into the main lands
so far as the limits and bounds of the lands granted to the said
Capt. Thomas Cammock, do and ought to extend toward the
north.”! The reason given for making this grant was, ‘‘the
having expended great sums in the discovery of those parts, and
their encouragement in settling a plantation there.” This in-
cluded Cape Elizabeth, but Winter, the agent of the patentees
contended for a larger extent north, than seemed to be within
the just construction of the grant. A contest was maintained
many years on this subject, and although in practice, the pa-
tent never extended north of Fore river, yet the proprietors
affirmed that the Presumpscot river was the northern bound-
ary ; and this was asserted by the Jordan proprietors, as late as
the year 1769, when they became incorporated under the stat-
ute. They then described the bounds of the grant to extend
from the sea near the east side of Cammock’s patent into the
country north-westerly fifteen miles, and then north-easterly to
a river called Casco or Presumpscot river, then down said river
to the sea, then along the sea-shore to the first mentioned
bounds by Cammock’s patent. These limits included nearly

* [At the same time and included in the same minute of council, as copied
by Sainsbury, a patent was granted to Richard Bradshaw, of 1500 acres. The
memorandum does not define its locality, but its being included in the same
paragraph with Cammock’s grant, and being mentioned by Cleeves, in his decla-
ration against Winter, (see appendix No 1,) as lying at Spurwink, I infer that it
was adjacent to Cammock’s grant. Cleeves and Tucker claim it by purchase of
Bradshaw, but it clearly conflicts with the right of Trelawny and Goodyeare,next
taentioned, and so.the court of Gorges in 1640 decided. Appendix No. 1, an-
nexed to this article in the volume, gives the pleadings and the result of the
trial.]

1 York Records.
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS ON THE COAST. 33

all of the ancient town of Falmouth and part of Gorham, and
are entirely unsupported by any record. One cause of diffi-
culty on this subject arose from an uncertainty as to the true
Casco river, which was agreed to be the northern boundary of
patent. One party contended that it was the Presumpscot, and
the other, with equal obstinacy, that it was Fore river. A de-
cision of the Court in 1640, applied the name to Fore river ;
but a certificate’ was soon afterward obtained and transmitted
to England, founded, as was pretended, on the statements of
the Indians and ancient settlers, that the Court had made a
mistake on the subject, and that the Presumpscot was the truce
Casco river, This again revived the controversy and kept open
a most unhappy quarrel during the lives of the first settlers®.
We have now touched briefly upon all the settlements made
upon the coast of Maine previous to the year 1632. It will be
perceived that the grants were all obtained from the council of
Plymouth, notwithstanding the patent to Gorges and Mason of
1622, which extended from the Merrimack to Sagadehock, and
nominally covered the whole of that territory. From this circum-
stance, it would be natural to conclude that the patent of 1622
was unexecuted, and that no title passed by it; and it appears
by the opinion of Sir William Jones, the Attorney General in
1679, that the “grant was only sealed with the council seal,
unwitnessed, no seisin indorsed, nor possession ever given with
the grant®.”” This idea is corroborated by the facts that Gorges
was sitting at the council board, and was a party to all the
subsequent conveyances which parceled out the land within
the limits of that patent; and that both he and Mason received

1 York Records.

2 There is a tradition in the Jordan family, that the wife of a son ‘of the first

‘ Robert Jordan, needing some paper to keep her pastry from burning, took from

a chest of papers, Trelawny’s patent, and used it for that purpose, which thus
perished, like many other ancient and valuable manuscripts.

3 Hutchinson, vol. i. p.285. | Hubbard, vol i. p. 614.
34 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

a grant with six or seven others in 1631, of a small tract on
both sides of the Piscataqua, which included the improvements
they had previously made there. If the patent of 1622 was
valid, it would have been wholly useless to have procured
another within the same limits.

The settlements which commenced at Plymouth in 1620,
now dotted the whole coast from Cape Cod to the Bay of
Fundy ; they were indeed few and far between, but an inter-
course was kept up among them by their common weakness
and wants, as well as for the purposes of trade. And although
Massachusetts was the most powerful of the whole, and from
motives of religious zeal, no doubt sincere, discountenanced
the less strict settlers upon this coast, who on such matters
differed from them both in doctrine and practice, she fain
would profit by their fish and fur, which enabled her to pro-
cure from Europe articles of the first necessity for the infant
colony.

John Jocelyn, the traveler, who visited his brother Henry
at Black Point in 1638, sailed along the coast from Boston to
that place in July: he says “Having refreshed myself for a
day or two upon Noddle’s island, I crossed the bay in a small
boat to Boston, which was then rather a village than a town,
there being not above twenty or thirty houses.”! ‘The 12th
day of July I took boat for the eastern parts of the country,
and arrived at Black Point, in the province of Maine, which is
one hundred and fifty miles from Boston, the 14th day. The
country all along as I sailed, being no other than a mere wil-
derness, here and there by the seaside a few scattered planta-
tions with as few houses.’’

1 Jocelyn’s voyages, p. 18.

2 Jocelyn’s voyages, p. 20.
CHAPTER 1.

From 1628 to 1640,

RicHMonp’s IsLanD—SPuRWINK—DISPUTE BETWEEN CLEEVES AND TUCKER, AND JOHN WINTER ABOUT
THE TITLE—TRADE AT RICHMOND’S IsLaND—THE NECK, NOW PORTLAND, FIRST OCCUPIED—GRANTS IN
OTHER PARTS OF FALMOUTH—MITTON, Macworta—-First JUDICIAL CouRT FOR THE Province—Set-
TLERS IN FALMOUTH IN 1640.

The first occupation of any part of Falmouth by a European,
of which we have any evidence, was of Richmond’s island, by
*Walter Bagnall in 1628. The sole object of this man seems
to have been to drive a profitable trade with the Indians by
whatever means were in his power. He lived on the island
alone, until by his cupidity he had drawn down the vengeance
of the natives upon him, and they put an end to his life and
his injuries October 3, 1631. He had accumulated a large
property for those days, which was scattered by his death.'§
His residence promoted the future settlement of the town in
no other way than by showing to others that the situation was
favorable for the accumulation of wealth, and thus tempting
them to engage in the same enterprise.

Richmond’s Island lies nearly a mile from the southerly side

* [This must be taken with the exception of Levett’s attempt to establish a
plantation on one of the islands in Portland Harbor in 1623, mentioned in a pre-

ceding page.]

1 Winthrop, vol. i. Four hundred pounds sterling.

§{ Was not the pot of gold and silver coin liscovered on the island in 1855,
part of Bagnall’s gain?]
36 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of Cape Elizabeth, is about three miles in circumference, and
contains about two hundred acres of land; the passage may be
forded on asand-bar, at low water. Although now it contains
but a single family, it formerly afforded employment to a large
number of men engaged in the fisheries ; and a market for con-
siderable cargoes of foreign merchandise sent every year to
this coast. As early as 1637, Richard Gibson, an episcopalian
minister was settled upon the island!, and it is handed down
by tradition with great probability, that a church was formerly
established there. Among the items of property in 1648, men-
tioned in an inventory as belonging to the patentees, which
will be more particularly referred to hereafter, are described
vessels for the communion service, and the minister’s bedding.

*Bagnall occupied the island without any title ; but within
two mouths after his death, a grant was made by the council
of Plymouth, bearing date December 1, 1631, to Robert 'Tre-
lawny and Moses Goodyeare, merchants, of Plymouth, in Eng-
land, which included this island and all of the present town of
Cape Elizabeth. The patentees appointed John Winter, who
was then in this country, their principal agent. A copy of the
grant was immediately sent to him, and on the 21st of July
1632, he was put in possession ofthe tract by Richard Vines
of Saco, one of the persons appointed by the grantors for that
purpose”.

There were at that time settled upon the territory near the
mouth of the Spurwink river, George Cleeves and Richard
Tucker, who had established themselves there in 1630°. They
had selected one of the most valuable spots in the tract, and

1 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 66. York records.

*The records in the State paper office, London, show a grant to Bagnall of
Riclimond’s Island, dated Dec, 2, 1631, which was after his death.

2 Two other persons mentioned, were “Capt. Walter Neale and Henry Joce-
lyn, leiftenant,” both of whom lived on the Piscataqua.

8 Cleeves « Winter, 1640. York Records. See Appendix, No. J.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 37

claimed to hold against Winter two thousand acres of land,
with their improvements, of which however they were forcibly
dispossessed. Cleeves in 1640, when regular courts were es-
tablished by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, brought an action of tres-
pass against Winter, to recover damages for the removal; and
in his declaration he stated his title as follows: “joining him-
self in partnership with Richard Tucker, then of Spurwink,
who had also a right of inheritance there, the which he bought
and purchased for a valuable consideration of Richard Brad-
shaw, who was formerlie settled there by Capt. Walter Neale,*
by virtue of a commission to him given by some of the lords
patentees, and soe as appeareth the said Richard Tucker was
lawfully possessed of a right of inheritance at and in the said
Spurwink. Alsoe the plaintiff further declareth that he join-
ing his right by promise and possession, with his partner’s right
by purchase and possession, and soe being accountable to his
said partner, they both agreed to joyne their rights together,
and there to build, plante, and continue ; which when the plain-
tiff had done and was there settled for two years or thereaboutes,
this defendant, John Winter, came and pretended an interest
there, by virtue of a succeeding pattent surrupticiouslie obtain-
ed and soe by force of arms expelled and thrust away the
plaint, from his house, lands, and goods.”

1 Walter Neale arrived in this country in the spring of 1630, and returned in
the summer of 1633. He came out as Governor of the company at Piscataqua.

* [Walter Neale in a petition to the King in 1638, says, “He has served in all
the Kings expeditions for the last 20 years; commanded four years, and brought
to perfection the Company of the Artillery Garden. Lived three years in New
England and made greater discoveries than were ever made before. Exactly
discovered all the rivers and harbors in the habitable parts of the country, Prays
to be appointed Governor.”—Sainsbury, vol. i. p. 285.] We annex his full and

handsome autograph.
38 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The verdict in this case was as follows, ‘the jury find for the.
plaint, the house and land enclosed, containing foure acres or
thereaboute joyning with the said house, and give him eighty
pounds for damage, and twelve shillings and six pence for the |
cost of Courte.’ The whole court consisting of Thomas
Gorges, Henry Jocelyn, Richard Bonighton, Edward Godfrey,
and Richard Vines, concurred in rendering judgment, except
Vines, who dissented.

This document enables us to fix the time of the settlement
of Cleeves and Tucker, upon the Spurwink at 16380, which was
probably the first made there; and from the same record, it
appears that as early as 1632, they had buildings erected, and
had made preparations. there for a permanent establishment.
The grant to Trelawny and Goodyeare defeated their plans
and drove them to another spot in Casco bay, within the limits
of Falmouth.

Winter, now left without interruption, immediately employed
himself to bring into action all the resources of the grant. He
soon built a ship upon the island, “ settled a place for fishing,
and improved many servants for fishing and planting.” * In
August, 1632, the general court of Massachusetts in reference
to the murder of Bagnall, speak of a plantation existing there,
but notice it in such a manner that leads us to infer that it was
under no regular government. They say, 2“ in consideration
that further justice ought to be done in this murder, the court
order that a boat sufficiently manned be sent with a commission
to deal with the plantation at the eastward, and to join with
such of them as shall be willing thereto for examination of the
murder, and for apprehending such as shall be guilty thereof,
and to bring the prisoners into the bay.’ Winter was in the
country at the date of the grant, for, in his defence of the action

1 Prince, vol. ii. p. 36.
*[The bark Richmond was probabiy the vessel built.]

2 Prince, vol ii. pp. 39, 65, Colonial Records.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 389

before referred to, he speaks of the patent having been sent
over to him; and he had probably made such a representation
to the patentees as induced them to procure it. He, as well as
Cleeves, came from Plymouth, England. Bradshaw, of whom
Tucker is said to have purchased land at Spurwink, could not
have occupied it previous to 1630, for he was put into possession
of it by Walter Neale, who did not come to the country until
the spring of that year. The probability is, that Bradshaw did
not long occupy the land, as we find no other notice of him
than appears in Cleeves’s declaration.

We may suppose that the plantation referred to in the court’s
order, was composed of Cleeves, Tucker, and Winter, with their
servants: we are not able to connect with it at that time any
other names. After the ejection of Cleeves and Tucker, in the
latter part of 1632, Winter took the entire control of it, and
managed it several years for the patentees. In 1634, as early
as the first of March, Winthrop says, ‘“‘ seventeen fishing ships
were come to Richman’s island and the Isle of Shoals.”’* The
fish were undoubtedly cured on the islands and neighboring
main, and must have afforded employment to a large number
of men. Jocelyn in 1638, says that Winter employed sixty
men in the fishing business.!. The trade in beaver this year
in this neighborhood was also very successful ; the government
of Plymouth colony procured at their trading house on the
Kennebec, twenty hogsheads,. which were sent to England.®
This was a principal article of commerce in the early settlement
of the country ; it was a sort of circulating medium or standard
of value among the white people and natives, and remittances
to the mother country were made by it. About the year 1640,
the price of it in Casco, was from six to eight shillings a pound,
and it was received in payment for commodities and labor.

*[Levett also speaks of a large number of fishing vessels in that vicinity, in
1623.]
1 Jocelyn, p. 25. 2 Winthrop, vol, i. p, 138.
40° HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Winter, in 1640, was complained of for attempting to keep
down the price to six shillings."

In the spring of 1635, a ship of eighty tons, and a pinnace
of ten tons arrived at Richmond’s island.2 In 1636, Mr.
Trelawny alone is mentioned as proprietor of the patent, and
~ March 26th of that year, he committed the full government of
the plantation to Mr. Winter, who appears after that time to
have had an interest of one-tenth in the speculation ; and in
addition to his proportion of the profits, he was to receive from
the general fund “forty pounds per annum in money for his
personal care and charge.” ? After this time the business of the
plantation was pursued with great activity until the death of
Trelawny, which took place in 1644.* They employed the ship
Agnes, the bark Richmond, the ships Hercules and Margery,
and one other, whose name is not mentioned. In 1638, Mr.
Trelawny sent a ship of three hundred tons to the island, laden
with wine. This was probably the proceeds of a cargo of fish
sent to Spain or Portugal. Large quantities of wine and spirits
were early sent to this coast, and produced as much wretched-
ness among those who indulged in them then, as they do at
the present day. Jocelyn described their effects from personal
observation in lively colors; he says the money which the fish-
ermen received, did them but little good, for at the end of their
voyage “the merchant comes in with a walking tavern, a bark
laden with the legitimate blood of the rich grape, which they
bring from Phial, Madera, and Canaries ;” and after they get a
“taster or two,” they will not go to sea again for a whole week,
till they get wearied with drinking, “taking ashore two or
three hogsheads of wine and rum, to drink when the merchant

1 York Court Records. 2 Winthrop, vol. i. p. 157.

3 Jordau’s Claim, York Records.

*[Robert Trelawny was of a respectable and wealthy family of Plymouth, and
represented that borough in Parliament. Moses Goodyeare was also well con-

nected, he married the daughter of Abraham Jennings, of Plymouth, the pa-
tentee of Monhegan.]
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN, 41

isgone.” “They often,” he adds, “have to run in debt for
their necessaries on account of their lavish expense for drink,
and are constrained to mortgage their plantations if they have
any, and the merchant when the time is expired is sure to turn
them out of house and home, seising their plantations and
cattle, poor creatures, to look out for a new habitation in some
remote place, where they begin the world again.”! Such is
the description which this voyager gives of the early settlers of
our State, and it accounts for the fact which would otherwise
seem extraordinary, of the shipment of so large a quantity of
wine, as is above mentioned, to plantations then in their in-
fancy.
The merchandise sent to the proprietor in England, consisted
principally of pipe staves, beaver, fish, and oil. In 1639, Win-
ter? sent in the bark Richmond, six thousand pipe staves,
which were valued here at eight pounds eight shillings a thou-
sand. Some shipments were made directly from the plantation
to Spain:2 and a profitable intercourse seems to have been
carried on for the proprietors a number of years, until it was
suspended by the death of Trelawny. After that time the
want of capital, probably prevented Winter from employing
ships on his own account, and Trelawny’s heir was but a child
of six or seven years old. The commercial character of the
plantation declined from that time, and the trade gradually
sought other channels, until the mouth of the Spurwink and
Richmond’s island became entirely deserted. Their mercan-
tile prosperity are now only to be found among the perishable

1 Jocelyn, p. 212.

2 Below we present the autograph of this prominent pioneer, John Winter.

ame
fe i mf" Far—
[Per me, John Wynter.]

3 Joran’s claim, York Records. Appendix.
42 ; HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and almost perished memorials of a by-gone age. In 1648,
after Winter’s death, the plantation and all its appurtenances
were awarded to Robert Jordan, by a decree of the general
assembly of Ligonia, to secure the payment of a claim which
Winter’s estate had upon the proprietors. Jordan married
Winter’s only daughter, and administered upon the estate.
He presented his claims to the court of Ligonia, in Sept. 1648,
by whom a committee was appointed to examine the accounts
and make report of the state of them. This committee went
into a minute investigation, and reported in detail ; upon which
an order was passed, authorizing Jordan to retain ‘all the
goods, lands, cattle, and chattels, belonging to Robert Trelawny,
deceased, within this province from this day forward and for-
ever, unless the executors of said Robert Trelawny, shall
redeem and release them by the consent and allowance of the
said Robert Jordan, his heirs,” ! &e.

Winter died in 1645, leaving a daughter Sarah, the wife of
Robert Jordan. Jocelyn says of Winter that he was “a grave
and discreet man ;”* and his management of the plantation
proves him to have been an enterprising and intelligent one.
He had much difficulty with George Cleeves respecting the
right to the soil both on the Spurwink and on the north side
of Casco river, which, although suspended during the latter
part of Winter’s life, was revived by his successor. Jordan
came over about the year 1640, at least we do not meet with
his name before that year, as successor to Richard Gibson, the
minister of this and the neighboring plantations. The precise
time of Gibson’s arrival cannot be ascertained. We find him
here as early as April, 1637 ; he went to Portsmouth in 1640,
and was chosen pastor of the episcopal church there ; in 1642,
he was preaching on the Isles of Shoals, and probably the same

‘ .
1 See Appendix No. 2, for Jordan’s petition and the proceedings thereon.

2 Jocelyn, p. 25.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN, 43

year returned home.' Gibson is called a scholar, by Winthrop.*
He made himself obnoxious to the government of Massachu-
setts by the zeal with which he maintained his religious tenets,
and was in some danger of being punished for it ; but on mak-
ing a suitable submission, and “ being about to leave the
country” he is excused.

Having mentioned some of the most interesting particulars
relating to the early settlement of Richmond’s island and
Spurwink, the spots first occupied within the territory of Fal-
mouth, we return to follow the fortunes of George Cleeves and
Richard Tucker.

Driven from the place which they had selected as the most
favorable for their purposes, and where they had made im-
provements and prepared accommodations, their next care was
to provide another convenient situation in the wilderness,
where they might hope to enjoy without interruption the com-
mon bounties of nature. They selected the Neck, called
Machigonne by the natives, now Portland, for their habitation,
and erected there in 1632 the first house, and probably cut
the first tree that was ever felled upon it, by an European
hand.*

1 York Records, Annals of Portsmouth, p. 27. Winthrop, vol. ii, p. 66. In
1640, Gibson breught an action in Gorges’ Court against John Bonighton, of
Saco, for slander, in saying of him that he was “a base priest, a base knave. a
base fellow,” and also fora gross slander upon his wife, and recovered a verdict
for ‘‘ six pounds, six shillings, and eight pence, and costs, twelve shillings and
six pence, for the use of the court.” York Records,

*[Gibson was educated at Magdalen College, Cambridge, from which he took
his degree of A. B., 1636.]

2 This was first called Cleeves’ Neck, afterward Munjoy’s Neck, by which
name it was long known.

*[I have long endeavored to ascertain the meaning of the Indian term Machi-
gonne, without success. The Rev. E. Ballard, of Brunswick, who has paid much
attention to Indian dialects, thinks the name was given to the whole Neck,
beginning with or near Clay Cove, and that the word means bad clay. He says
that in the dialects of New England Ifatche means bad; it appears, he says, to
44 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

We are induced to fix upon this year as the one in which
the first settlement was made upon the Neck, from a number
of circumstances which will be briefly adverted to. In Winter’s
answer to Cleeves’s action, before noticed, he says that after
possession was given to him of the land granted to Trelawny,
in July 1632, he warned Cleeves to leave the premises; and
on his refusing to do it, he repaired to Capt. Walter Neale,
who required him to yield up the possession; he then adds,
“and soone after, the plaintiff left his said possession to the
defendant.” It is very reasonable to suppose that this appli-
cation to Neale was the immediate consequence of Cleeves and
Tucker’s refusal to give up the possession, and that the removal
which followed “soon after,” was not protracted beyond the
year ; at any rate it must have been done before midsummer
of the next year, for Neale then returned to Europe.

Again, Cleeves in another action against Winter in 1640, for
disturbing his possession on the Neck, has the following decla-
ration: ‘The plaintiff declareth that he now is and hath
been for these seven years and upwards, possessed of a tract of
land in Casco bay, known first by the name of Machigonne,
being a neck of land which was in no man’s possession or
occupation, and therefore the plaintiff seised on it as his own
inheritance by virtue of a royal proclamation of our late sove-

 

be formed from Jat, no, not. The syllable gon is given by Schooleraft as a pri-
mary Algonquin term denoting clay land. He considers the name descriptive of
the soil upon and around Clay Cove and other parts of the Neck.

On the contrary, Mr. Porter Bliss, who is conversant with Indian languages,
says that Mr. Ballard’s interpretation is not correct: that in the Micmac or
Algonquin dialect, Mach means great, and Cheyun, knee or elbow. and its appli-
cation is to the promontory on which the Neck or Portland is situated, asa
great curve or elbow, sweeping round from the Fore river to Back Cove. He
compared it to the name Michigan, which in the Chippewa language, a branch
of the Algonquin from the same original, means the great bend or curve which
the lake Michigan takes from Huron. When such learned pundits disagree,
we do not feel competent to pronounce judgment. ]
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 45

reign lord King James, of blessed memory, by which he freely
gave unto every subject of his, which should transport himself
over into this country, upon his own charge, for himself and
for every person that he should so transport, one hundred and
fifty acres of land ; which proclamation standeth still in force
to this day, by which right the plaintiff held and enjoyed it for
the space of four years together, without molestation, interrup-
tion, or demand of any; and at the end of the said first four
years, the plaintiff, desirous to enlarge his limits in a lawful
way, addressed himself to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the proprie-
tor of this Province, and obtained for a sum of money and other
considerations a warrantable lease of enlargement, bounded as
by relation thereunto had, doth and may appear.”! The lease
from Gorges, referred to by Cleeves, was dated January 27,
1637, at which time he says he had been in possession of the
Neck four years; this in connection with the possession up-
ward of seven years previous to the trial, will carry us back
to the latter part of 1632, or the very first of the year following,
and leaves no room to doubt that Cleeves and Tucker entered
upon the Neck, immediately on being dispossessed of the land
on the Spurwink.

That they were the first that settled here, there can be no
doubt ; Henry Jocelyn a cotemporary of Cleeves, has left his
testimony of that fact in the following deposition given before
Henry Watts, commissioner: “August 18th, 1659. Henry
Jocelyn examined, sweareth, that upwards of twenty years,
Mr. George Cleeves have been possessed of that tract of land
he now liveth on in Casco Bay, and was the first that planted
there, and for the said lands had a grant from Sir Ferdinando
Gorges, as Sir Ferdinando acknowledged by his letters, which
was in controversy afterwards between Mr. Winter, agent for

1 York Records, Appendix No, 3.
46 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Mr. Robert Trelane of Plymouth, merchant, and the said
Cleeves, and they came to a trial by law ata court held at
Saco, wherein the said Winter was cast, since which time the
said Cleeves hath held the said lands without molestation.” !

Cleeves and Tucker erected their house near where the three
story house now stands on the corner of Hancock and Fore
Streets, and their corn field extended westerly toward Clay
Cove. This location is fixed by a comparison of several docu-
ments; the first is the conveyance of the same premises by
Cleeves to John Phillips in 1659, in which he gives this des-
-eription, “all that tract, parcel, or neck in Casco Bay, and
now in possession of me, the said George Cleeves, on which my
now dwelling house standeth by the meets and bounds herein
expressed, that is to say, to begin at the point of land com-
monly called Machagony, and being north-easterly from my said
house, and so along by the water side from the house south-
westerly to the south-west side of my corn field.”? In 1681,
Phillip’s daughter, Mary Munjoy, claimed the land, and the
government of Massachusetts awarded it to her by the follow-
ing description, “the easterly end of said neck of land where-
upon her said husband’s house formerly stood, bounded by a
strait line from the mouth of a runnet of water on the easterly
side, where Mr. Cleeves’s house formerly stood, and so on to
the old barn on the top of the hill.”* This “runnet of water”
still continues its course, although exceedingly diminished in
its size, and discharges itself on the beach as it did two hun-
dred years ago, notwithstanding the numerous and vast changes

1 Jocelyn lived at Black Point, to which he came from Piscataqua about
1635. He was at Piscataqua as agent of Mason and Gorges in 1684, and we
find him a member of the court at Saco in 1636,

2 York Records.

3 York Records.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. AT

which have since taken place in the physical as well as the
moral features around it.* These references and others upon
record, which it is unnecessary to cite, clearly designate the
spot on which the first settlers of Portland pitched their habi-
tation. The situation had advantages of utility and beauty :
it was open to the sea by a small but handsome bay, accessible
to fishing boats, and near the islands, while it was protected
from the north winds by the hill in the rear of it. Here the
first settlers cultivated the soil and pursued their traffic with
the natives, for a number of years, holding the land by a mere
possessory title. Cleeves and Tucker continued partners for
many years, the former seems to have managed the land
speculations, while the latter carried on the trade: but the

*[The brook which was pursuing ils accustomed course to the bay, when the
first edition of this work was published, has been diverted from its channel by
large public and private improvements. Part of it supplies water to the Grand
Trunk Railway Station house, and another part is treasured in Mr. Bethuel
Sweetsir’s reservoirs from which its soft, pure stream is constantly delivered, ata
handsome profit, for the use of the shipping in the harbor, and of private families.
The following deposition of John Alliset, given in Boston in 1736, confirms the
location of Cleeves’s house, and states other interesting facts. ‘‘ John Alliset,
aged about eighty years, testifieth and saith, that he formerly lived in Falmouth,
in Casco Bay, and that he well knew Mr. George Cleeves, and Mr. George
Munjoy, and Mary his wife, with whom he lived eight years, and that there is a
certain run of water about twenty rods distant from Fort Point, laying about
north from said Fort Point. [Where the station-house now stands.] That
he well remembers that Mr. George Cleeves had a house and lived therein ;
which house was between the said Fort Point and the said run of water; and
that Mr. George Munjoy had a house and lived therein, which was upon the
north-easterly side of said run of water ; that he also well remembers that there
was a meeting-house built on a point of Mr. Munjoy’s land bearing about N. E.
or easterly from said Munjoy’s house.” This point is where the Portland
Company’s works are.]
48 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

details of their lives at that remote period are almost entirely
lost.! ,

1 Occasionally a record is found, which affords a glimpse at their occupations ;
a suit was brought in Essex county in 1655, by Conant, and another against
Francis Johnson, for a quantity of beaver and otter, received by Johnson in
1634, the parties having previously been in partnership ; the following testimony
is found in the case; Johnson wrote to Richard Foxwell of Blue Point, under
date ‘Salem, February 12, 1635,” that he had received his letter of December
8, by Mr. Richard Tucker, as also beaver and otter, &c. “George Taylor,
sworn June 18, 1654, saith that about eighteen years since, I dwelling with
Mr, Cleeves in Casco bay, Mr. Richard Tucker and I was going to Boston ward,
and at Sako, we met with Mr. Richard Foxwell, he desired me and Mr. Tucker
to carry a great packet of beaver and a great packet of otter for him to Mr,
Francis Johnson, which we did deliver to him in the bay.”* Richard Tucker’s
deposition is also preserved in the same case, taken before Edward Rishworth,
July 1, 1654, in which he says that ‘‘about eighteen or twenty years since, Mr.
Richard Foxwell delivered me in my boat, then bound for the Massachusetts, a
great fardell of beaver and another of otter, value to the best of my remembrance
seventy or eighty pounds sterling.”

These facts give some indication of the employment of Tucker, and carry us
back to 1634. Tucker continued a partner with Cleeves, in land at least, pro-
bably during their lives: we find no division between them, but on the contrary
we find as late as 1662, that his consent was required to a conveyance of land
upon the Neck, by Cleeves. He seems not to have taken an active part in the
political affairs of the province; his name seldom occurring in the transactions
of the day, while that of his more restless partner is continually presented. In
1653, he was living on Sagarnore Creek, in Portsmouth, N. H. His wife’s name
was Margaret; she was living a widow at Portsmouth in 1681; in which year
she made a conveyance to her grandson, Nicholas Hodge.t

In 1742, Michael Hodge, of Salisbury, Massachusetts, executed a deed to
Phineas Jones of one hundred acres of land upon the neck, in which Hodge
declares that about the year 1662, Richard Tucker sold to one Mr. Cad, of
Boston, a tract of Jand on the Neck containing four hundred acres, extending
from a point of rocks to Clay Cove, reserving one hundred acres on the upper
part ; and stated that “he is the only representative, said Tucker now deceased
. hath.” Tucker probably had a daughter who married a Hodge, from whom
Nicholas and Michael descended. Phineas Jones’s wife was a Hodge, from New-
bury, and it is not improbable that she may have transmitted to her descendants,
some of whom still live in town, the blood of one of the first occupants of this
soil. The blood of Cleeves flows freely in a numerous race scattered over the
State through his only daughter.

*T know nothing more of George Taylor than that he signe] the submission to Massachusetts in
1658, and lived in Scarborough in 1681, aged seventy years.

| Registry of Deeds, Rockingham Co., N. H., by the favor of Jishua Coffin, an industrious and
faithful antiquary.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 49

In 1636, Cleeves went to England and procured of Gorges,
who had acquired a title to the province of Maine, then called
the province of New Somersetshire, a decd to himself and
Tucker of a large tract in Falmouth, including the Neck on
which they had settled. This deed was dated January 27,
1687, and was in the form of a lease for two thousand years:
it conveyed, in consideration of one hundred pounds sterling,
and an annual quit rent, the following described tract, “ be-
ginning at the furthermost point of a neck of land called by
the Indians Machegonne,! and now and forever from henceforth
to be called or known by the name of Stogummor, and so along
the same westerly as it tendeth to the first falls of a little river
issuing out of a very small pond, and from thence over land to
the falls of Pesumsca, being the first falls in that river upon a
‘strait line, containing by estimation from fall to fall, as afore-
said, near about an English mile, which together with the said
neck of land that the said George Cleeves and the said Richard
Tucker have planted for divers years already expired, is esti-
mated in the whole to be one thousand five hundred acres or
thereabouts, as also one island adjacent to said premises, and
now in the tenor and occupation of said George Cleeves and

1 The point called Machegonne is now called Jordan's point. The appella-
tion Stogummor* never obtained in practice. The proprietors were very fond
of giving new names to places within their patents, but these seldom prevailed
over the more familiar Indian titles. The old Indian name Casco continued to
be used all the first century after the settlement, notwithstanding the town had
received from Massachusetts the corporate name Falmouth, as early as 1658.
The falls first mentioned in the description are probably those on the Capisick
river, but the length of line to those on the Presumpscot is incorrectly stated,
whether intentionally or not, I will not pretend to say; the distance is over four
miles. I know of no other falls which will answer the description. The quan-
tity of land is also very much under estimated. Ina deed from Alexander Rigby,
in 1643, of the same tract, the length of the rear line, and the number of acres
are omitted.

*[Stogummor is an English word, and is probably the same as Stogumber,
or Stokeomer, a town in Somersetshire, England. Gorges was fond of transfer-
ring to his new possessions the familiar names of bis native country. ]
50 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Richard Tucker, commonly called or known by the name of
Hogg Island.” Possession was given by Arthur Maeworth by
appointment of Gorges to Cleeves and Tucker, June 8, 16387. °

Gorges also on the 25th of February, 1637, gave Cleeves a
commission “under his hand and seal for the letting and set-
tling all or any part of his lands or islands lying between the
Cape Elizabeth and the entrance of Sagadahock river, and so
up into the main land sixty miles.” By virtue of this com-
mission, which is referred to in the deed, Cleeves, on the 28th
of December of the same year, leased for sixty years to Mich-
ael Mitton, who married his only child Elizabeth, the island at
the mouth of the harbor now called Peaks.' In the deed it is
declared that this was called Pond island; and is subsequently
to be known by the name of Michael’s island from Mitton; it
was afterward successively called from the owners or occu-
pants, Munjoy’s, Palmer’s, and Peak’s island.

This is the first time that the name of Mitton occurs in our
history, and it is from thence inferred, that he came over with
Cleeves on his last passage.* Oleeves arrived in the month of
May, and brought with him a commission from Gorges to five
or six persons, one of whom was Gov. Winthrop of Massachu-
setts, to govern his province of New-Somersetshire, between
Cape Elizabeth and Sagadahock, and to oversee his servants
and private affairs.2 This commission was declined by Gov.

1 York Records, vol. i. p. 140.

* [The name of Mitton became extinct here, by the death of Michael’s only
son, Nathaniel, who was killed by the Indians August 11, 1676, unmarried. The
blood flows through a thousand channels from his five daughters who married
two Bracketts, Clark, Andrews, Graves. The name still exists in Shropshire and
Straffordshire, in England. In 1484, one Mitton was Sheriff of Shrewsbury.
In the contest between Richmond and Richard III, he took an oath that Rich-
mond should not enter Shrewsbury but over his belly. But when Richmond,
victorious, approached the city, he changed hs mind, and in order to save his
oath, it was agreed that he should lie down on his back, and that when Richmond
entered the city, he should step over his body. ]

2 Winthrop, vol. i. p. 231.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 51

Winthrop, and does not appear to have been executed by any
of the others but Cleeves; it is probably the one above refer-
red to under which Cleeves alone acted. He also “brought a
protection’ under the privy signet for searching out the great
lake of Iracoyce, and for the sole trade of beaver, and the
planting of Long island, by articles of agreement between the
Earl of Sterling, Viscount Canada, and him.’”?

These extensive commissions to our first settler, if they re-
- sulted in no profit, as they do not appear to have done, show
at least that he succeeded in acquiring the confidence of the
large landed proprietors in England, and prove him to have
been a man of some enterprise and address.

After his lease to Mitton, Dec. 28, 1637, we hear nothing
more of him until 1640, when he appears as a suiter in court ;
there is no doubt, however, that he remained upon his land here,
cultivating it and bringing it under settlement. For it appears
by his own declaration that from the time of his purchase until
the commencement of his suit in 1640, Winter was continually
disturbing him: he says that Winter “being moved with envy
and for some other sinister cause, hath now for these three
years past, and still doth unjustly pretend an interest and there-
upon hath and still doth interrupt me to my great hindrance,
thereby secking my ruin and utter overthrow.” These actions
were brought in Cleeves’s name alone, but for what reason, we
are not able to ascertain; the deed from Gorges was made to
him and Tucker jointly, and so was the deed of the same tract
which he procured of Alexander Rigby, in 1643, after he be-
came the proprietor of the plough patent.? They were also
living together in the same house at this time, as is apparent
from the description in Rigby’s deed, as follows, “beginning at

1 Winthrop, vol. i. p. 231.

2 Sir Wm. Alexander was created Viscount Canada and Larl of Sterling in
1633.

3 York Records, vol. i. p. 94.
02 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the said point of land called Machegone,' and from thence
going westward along the side of Casco bay unto a place where
the next river, running near to the now dwelling-house of the
said George Cleeves and Richard Tucker, falleth into Casco
bay.”

While Winter was pursuing his commercial speculations on
the Spurwink, and Cleeves and Tucker were enlarging their
borders on the north side of Casco river, another settlement
was set on foot within the limits of Falmouth, at the mouth
of Presumpscot river. The head of this enterprise was Ar-
thur Maeworth. He must have commenced his undertaking
as early as 1632, for we find by a deed to him from Richard
Vines in 1635, that he is described as having been in pos-
session there many years; which could hardly be said of a
shorter term than we have supposed. The deed is as follows,
leaving out the formal parts: “This indenture, made March 80,
in the eleventh year of Charles 1., between Richard Vines of
Saco, Gent., for and in behalf of Sir Ferdinando Gorges Knight,
by authority from him bearing date Sept. 10, 1634,? on the one
part, and Arthur Macworth of Casco bay, Gent., on the other '
part, witnesseth, that said Vines doth give, grant, &c., to said
Macworth, all that tract of land lying in Casco bay on the
north-east side of the river Pesumsca,? which now and for many
years is and hath been in possession of said Macworth, being at
the entrance of said river, where his house now standeth, upon

1 It will be perceived that this name is spelt differently in almost every deed,
the natives probably never reduced it to writing, and it was spelt by the Euro-
peans as the sound caught theear. We find it written Machegony, Machegonny,
Machegonne, and Machegone.

2 This is the only instance in which I find Gorges, or any under him, exercis-
ing any right over the soil in this section of the State until after 1635, when he
acquired a separate title from the council of Plymouth.

3 The Presumpscot river has also been called Presumsca, Presumskeak, and
Presumskeag. Sullivan supposes the original name to have terminated in cag,
which in the Indian language signifies land, and which with a prefix of particu-
lar signification, forms many aboriginal terms, as Naumkeag, Penobskeag, &c.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 53

a point of land commonly called or known by the name of
Menickoe, and now and forever hereafter to be called and
known by the name of Newton, and from thence up the said
river to the next creek below the first falls, and so over land
toward the great bay of Casco, until five hundred acres be
completed, together with one small island over against and
next to his house.”! The deed was witnessed by George
Cleeves, Robert Sanky,? and Richard Tucker.

Maeworth was one of the most respectable of the carly settlers,
and is believed to have arrived at Saco, with Vines, in 1630.
He probably remained a short time at that place, having re-
ceived grants of land there. He was appointed by Gorges to
deliver possession to Cleeves and Tucker, of Casco Neck, in the
deed of 1637, and was for many years a magistrate. He mar-
ried Jane, the widow of Samuel Andrews, a citizen of London,
who probably came over in Vines’s company, and who died at
Saco about 1637, leaving a son James, for many years a re-
spectable inhabitant of Falmouth; by her he had several
children. I think he must have been previously married, as
he had a house, and was living on the point which bears his
name several years before his marriage with Mrs. Andrews.
Maeworth died in 1657, leaving two sons, Arthur and John,
and several daughters who were respectably married and will
be hereafter noticed.? His sons probably died without issue,

1 York Records, vol. ii. p. 1. The name Newton, here given to this tract,
never prevailed; the point, together with the island, were for many years called
Maceworth’s point and island, and was at length corrupted to Mackey’s, by which
they are known at this day. The creek referred to in the deed, retains the an-
cient appellation, Scuittery gusset, which it received from a Sachem of that name,
who lived here in the time of the first settlement.

2 Sanky lived at Saco; he was appoinled by Gorges, in 1640, ‘Provost Mar-
shal,’ and was subsequently marshal under Cleeves.

3 The persons employed in constructing the bridge across the mouth of Pre-

sumscot river, in 1827, found under the soil on Mackey’s point, the bones of
several persons. They may be presumed to have been those of the first settlers,
54 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

for we do not meet with the name after the death of Mrs.
Maeworth in 1676; they are not noticed in her will, and it
is presumed the name is extinct. His descendants through
his daughters are numerous, some of whom reside in this vi-
cinity.!

Macworth continued to live upon his grant on the east side
of Presumpscot river until his death; his widow remained
there, with her family, who settled around her, until the break-
ing out of the Indian war in 1675, when she moved to Boston,
where she died.?

We have now noticed the three points within the territory
of ancient Falmouth, on which the earliest settlements were
made. The settlements were entirely distinct and independ-
ent of each other, and continued their existence, we may al-
most say, in despite of each other. We have seen the origin
of the quarrel between Winter on the one hand, and Cleeves
and Tucker on the other, to have arisen respecting the right
to the land on which the latter had settled. In the first action,
the court in 1640, decided in favor of Cleeves, so far as to give
him his improvements on the Spurwink, and eighty pounds,

1 The following testimony relating to Macworth is preserved in York Rec-
ords. ‘‘Aug. 17, 1660, I, Robert Jordan, do ascertain on my oath, that I heard
Mr. Arthur Macworth, on his death-bed declare, that his full will and testament
was, that his wife, Mrs. Jane Macworth, should by her wisdom, dispose of his
whole estate, equally, as near as might be, between her former husband’s chil-
dren and the children between them, and in case any shortness was on either
side, it should rather be on his own children’s side; and further saith not, only the
decease of the said Mr. Arthur Macworth was before the submission of these
towns of Scarborough and Falmouth to the Massachusetts authority” (in 1658)

2 Her will is dated May 20, 1676, and may be found in Suffolk Probate Office;
she bequeathed “her housing and land at Casco bay, to Wm. Rogers and Abra-
ham Adams, who married her daughters Rebecca and Sarah ;” and her clothing
to her four daughters; one, the wife of Francis Neale, another the wife of
George Felt. Rebecca, the wife of Rogers, had been previously married to
Nathaniel Wharf, as early as 1658 ; she was the eldest daughter, and had a son
Nathaniel by Wharf, born here 1662, who was living in Gloucester, Cape Ann,
in 1734, and some of whose descendants are still living at New Gloucester, in
this neighborhood.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 55

damages ; but they established the general title in Trelawny, of
land south of Casco or Fore river. In the second action, which
Cleeves brought against Winter for disturbing him in his pos-
session on the Neck, the court confirmed Cleeves’s title. At
the same court Winter was presented by the grand jury, con-
sisting of twelve persons, of whom were Cleeves, Macworth,
and Tucker, for irregularity in his dealings. He was charged
with keeping down the price of beaver, and exacting too much
profit upon his liquor, and powder, and shot. It appeared in
evidence that he paid seven pounds sterling a hogshead for
brandy, and sold it at twenty pence a quart, which would be
about thirty-three pounds sterling for a hogshead, and powder
at three shillings a pound, for which he paid but twenty pence.

A detail of this case may be interesting. The return of the
grand jury is as follows: ‘““‘We present John Winter, of Rich-
mond Island, for that Thomas Wise, of Casco, hath declared
upon his oath, that he paid to John Winter, a noble for a gal-
lon of aquavitae! about two months since, and that he hath
credibly heard it reported that said Winter bought of Mr.
George Luxton, when he was last in Casco bay, a hogshead of
aquavitae for seven pounds sterling, about nine months since.
Mr. John Baley hath declared upon his oath, that about eight
months since, he bought of Mr. J. Winter, six quarts of aqua-
vitae at twenty pence the quart; he further declared he paid him
for commodities bought about the same time, about six pounds
of beaver at six shillings the pound, which he himself took at
eight shillings the pound; John West also declared that he
bought of J. Winter a pottle of aquavitae at twenty pence the
quart, and shot at four pence a pound. Richard Tucker, one
of the great inquest, declared that Thomas Wise, of Casco,
coming from Richmond Island, and having bought of Mr. J.
Winter, a flaggott of liquor, aquavitae, for which he paid him
as he said, a noble, asking myself and partner, if we would be

1 The common name for brandy at that time. A noble was about one dollar
and forty-five cents of our money,
56 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

pleased to accept a cupp of noble liquor, and how that he saw
Mr. Winter pay abord Mr. Luxton’s ship, for a hogshead of the
same liquor, seven pounds sterling when he was last in Casco
bay. Michael Mitton, upon oath, declares, that he hath bought
divers times of Mr. J. Winter, powder and shott, paying him
for powder three shillings, and for shott four pence the pound,
and likewise for aquavitae, six shillings eight pence the gallon.
And he further declareth that he hath heard Mr. Richmond
declare in the house of Mr. George Cleeves and Richard Tuck-
er, that he sold powder to Mr. Winter for twenty pence or
twenty-two pence the pound. He further declared that he hath
heard by the general voice of the inhabitants in those partes
grievously complaining of his hard dealing, both in his great
rates of his commodities and the injury to them in thus bring-
ing down the price of beaver; and that the boats and pinnaces
that pass to and from with commodities, that before they come
to Richmond He, they take beaver at eight shillings, but after-
wards they hold it at the rate of six shillings. George Lewis
likewise npon oath declareth that he hath heard and known
beaver refused to be taken at eight shillings, because the parties
could not put it away again to Mr. Winter, but at the rates of
six shillings,and himself likewise, hath refused to work with Mr.
Macworth unless he might have beaver at six shillings, alleging
that he could not put it away again to Mr. Winter, but at that
rate.” :

It would seem probable from the facts in this case, that the
only store of goods or place of general traffic in this neighbor-
hood, was kept by Winter, on Richmond Island, otherwise,
Mitton, Lewis, and Wise, who all lived on the north side of
Fore river, would hardly have gone there to purchase commod-
ities and exchange beaver. The quarrel which had for some
time existed between Winter, and Cleeves, and Tucker was now
finding vent in the courts, which were this year for the first
time established; and it is not difficult to suppose that this
complaint against Winter was got up by the Casco interest, by
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN, 5T

way of revenge for his disturbing the possession of the settlers
on this side of the river. That there may not have been some
ground for it, we will not pretend to say; it does not however
suit the usage of modern times for courts and juries to inter-
fere with the profits a man may put upon his own merchandize.!
This court was held in June 1640,* and was the first general
assembly ever held in the province; at the next term, held in
September following, Winter retaliated upon Cleeves by bringing
an action of slander against him, in which he declared “ that
about six years past within this province, the defendant did
slander the plaintiff's wife, in reporting that his wife, who then
lived in the town of Plymouth, in old England, was the veriest
drunkenest w-

 

in all that town, with divers, other such like
scandalous reports, as also that there were not four honest
women in all that town.” §“Mr. Arthur Brown examined,
saith he hath heard the defendant say that Mrs. Winter was a

>

drunken woman.” This action was continued; and at the

next session the parties entered into the following agreement

1 James Treworgy was presented at this court “for, being one of the grand
inquest ; he revealed the secrets of the association to John Winter, and other
abuses: he told Mr. Winter that he thought every man might make the most
of his commoditie.” Treworgy or Trueworthy lived in Saco.

* [The commission and ordinances from Sir F. Gorges were dated Sept. 2, 1639,
and contained the names of Sir Thomas Jocelyn, brother of Henry, as his Deputy
Governor, and the following persons as counselors, viz: Richard Vines, Fran-
cis Champernoon, Henry Jocelyn, Richard Bonithon, Wm. Hooke, and Edward
Godfrey. Thomas Jocelyn declined the appointment, and Thomas Gorges, the
nephew of Sir Ferdinando, was substituted and came over in the spring of 1640.
They were authorized to hold courts, administer oaths, to determine all causes,
civil and criminal, public and private, according to justice and equity. He es-
tablished the form of processas follows: ‘To our well beloved A.B. greeting.
These are to will and command you to come and appear before us the council,
established in the Province of Maine, upon the——Jay of. , to answer the
complaint of

Given under our hands and seals.” ]

 

§ [Arthur Brown, ina declaration before the court in Saco, Sept. 1640, said,
“that he was bred a merchant from his youth up, and having lived in the coun-
tury these seven years or thereabout in good reputation and credit.”’]
58 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

for refering all their controversies: “Sacoz, June 28, 1641.
Whereas divers differences have heretofore been between Mr.
George Cleeves and Mr. John Winter, the parties have now
agreed to refer themselves to the arbitration of Mr. Robert
Jordan, Mr. Arthur Maeworth, Mr. Arthur Brown, and Rich-
ard Ormesby, for the final ending of all controversies, and bind
ourselves each to the other, in an assumpsit of one thousand
pounds sterling, to stand to the award of these arbitrators, and
if these arbitrators shall not fully agree, Mr. Batchelder chosen
to be an umpire for a final ending of the same.’”’ The same
day the following award was made: “June 28, 741. An award
made between George Cleeves, Gent., and John Winter, made
by the arbitrators within named. Whereas the jury have found
eighty pounds sterling, damage, with four acres of ground, and
the house at Spurwink for the plf—hereunto granted on both
parties, that the house and land shall be due unto Mr. Winter,
and sixty pounds sterling to the plf. presently to be made good.
Whereas, there hath been found by the jury in an action of in-
terruption of a title of land for the plf. the same I ratify:
whereas also, there is a scandal objected by Mr. Winter against
Mr. Cleeves from words of defamation, it is ordered of said
Mr. Cleeves, shall christainly acknowledge his failing therein
against Mr. Winter his wife for present before the arbitrators,
and afterwards to Mrs. Winter. Stephen Batchelder. Agi-
tated by us, Robert Jordan, Richard Ormesby, Arthur Mac-
worth, Arthur Brown.’”!

This award probably had the effect of suspending hostilities ;
but after Winter’s death, the controversy for the title on the
north of Fore river, was revived and strenuously maintained
by Robert Jordan. At the same court, Edward Godfrey of
Agamenticus, had an action against George Cleeves for twenty
pounds, “which said Godfrey demands by virtue of an order

1 York Records. Stephen Batchelder, the umpire, is probably the same per-

son who had been minister at Lynn, and afterward at Hampton, of whom an
acconnt may be found in Lewis’s history of Lynn.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN. 59

from the High Court of Star Chamber, for costs in that court
by a special writ.’”!

The foregoing records present us the names of two persons
who then appear for the first time in our history, Thomas Wise
and George Lewis. When they came here or where from, we
cannot ascertain. George Lewis, of Scituate, in Massachu-
setts, had a son George, who is conjectured to be the person
here mentioned. Lewis, previous to 1640, had received a grant
of fifty acres of land at Back Cove, from Cleeves and Tucker,
upon which he lived ; in 1657, he received an additional grant
of fifty acres, and his son John one of one hundred acres ad-
joining; this land of the father was near the point where
Tukey’s bridge ends. Here George Lewis lived and died. On
the 29th of Sept. 1640, Cleeves and Tucker conveyed to Thom-
as Wise and Hugh Mosier, two hundred acres of land, “‘begin-
ning at a little plot of marsh, west side, to the north-east of
their now dwelling house, and next adjoining land of widow
Hatwell, thence along the water side until they come to the
western side of the marsh, and so far as the well in the creek
by George Lewis’s, and thence to run north-west into the
woods.”” We have no previous notice of widow Hatwell or
Atwell, but from subsequent facts, we learn that her land was
upon Martin’s point, and that she afterward married Richard
Martin, whose name the point still bears. The grants here
referred to, were probably the earliest made at Back Cove, at
least we find none earlier, and the whole margin of the cove
is subsequently covered by later conveyances from the two first
proprietors. Wise and Mosier continued a few years upon
their grant; Mosier? left it first and went further down the

1 York Records. Stephen Batchelder, the umpire, is probably the same per-
son who had been minister at Lynn, and afterward at Hampton, of whom an
account may be found in Lewis’s history of Lynn.

2 Hugh Mosier is conjectured to be the first of the name who came to this

country, and the ancestor of all of that name in this State, They subsequently
settled in Gorham, and were among the first settlers of that town,
60 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

bay where he died, leaving two sons, James and John. James
administered upon the estate in 1666. The two brothers oc-
cupied two islands, now in Freeport, called great and little
Mosier’s, but since, by corruption, the Moges: Wise was an
early inhabitant of Saco, from which he came to this place ;
he also moved lower down the bay, and sold his land to Na-
thaniel Wallis, in 1658.

We are thus able to show upon indisputable authority, that
as early as 1640, there were at least nine families in Falmouth,
viz: Atwell, Cleeves, Lewis, Macworth, Mitton, Mosier, Tucker,
Winter, and Wise, of whom four were settled at Back Cove,
three upon the Neck, one east of Presumpscot river, and the
other on Richmond’s Island; in addition to which, were Mr.
Jordan, who, we suppose, was not yet married to Winter’s
daughter, and the numerous persons employed by Winter in
his business, beside the persons employed by the other settlers.
The whole population at that time cannot be precisely ascer-
tained.

Before quitting this period, we may be permitted to intro-
duce an anecdote from Jocelyn, whose book is now rarely to
be found, to illustrate the manners of the early settlers. “At
this time,” he says, June 26, 1639, “we had some neighboring
gentlemen in our house,! who came to welcome me into the
country, where, amongst variety of discourse, they told me of
a young lion not long before killed at Piscataqua, by an Indian;
of a sea serpent or snake,? that lay coiled up like a cable upon
a rock at Cape Ann; a boat passing by, with English aboard
and two Indians, they would have shot the serpent, but the In-
dians dissuaded them, saying, that if he were not killed out

1 His brother Tenry’s at Black Point. Jocelyn left England in April, 1688.
and returned in Sept. 1639. He was at Black Point with his brother from July
14, 1638 to Sept. 23, 1639, He commenced his second voyage in 1663.

2 This story of the snake will give courage to the believers in the sea serpent,

he was probably the ancestor of the late visitor, or perhaps the same ancient
inhabitant.
FIRST OCCUPATION OF THE TOWN, 61

right, they would all be in danger of their lives. One Mr.

Mitton related of a triton or mereman, which he saw in Casco

bay; the gentleman was a great fowler, and used to go out with

asmall boat or canoe, and fetching a compass about a small

island, there being many islands in the bay, for the advantage

of a shot, he encountered with a triton, who laying his hands

upon the side of the canoe, had one of them chopt off with a

hatchett by Mr. Mitton, which was in all respects like the hand

of aman; the triton presently sunk, dyeing the water with

his purple blood, and was no more seen.’! He adds, “Sept.

23, I left Black Point and came to Richmond Island, about
three leagues to the eastward, where Mr. Trelane kept a fish-

ing; Mr. John Winter, a grave and discreet man was his agent,”
and employed sixty men upon that design. Monday 24, I

went aboard the Fellowship, of one hundred and seventy tons,

a Flemish bottom; several of my friends came to bid me fare-

well, among the rest, Capt Thomas Wannerton,? who drank to

me a pint of kill-devil alias rhum, at a draught; at six o’clock

in the morning, we set sail for Massachusetts.”

1 Jocelyn’s voyages, p. 23.
2 Wannerton was one of the agenis of the Laconia company at Piscataqua ;

he was killed in an attack upon D’Aulney’s fort at Penobscot, in 1644, Win-
throp, vol. 2. p. 177.
CHAPTER II.

THE POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE FROM THE GREAT PATENT IN 1620, TO THE SUBMISSION TO THE
JURISDICTION OF MASSACHUSETTS IN 1658.

The patent granted by James I. to the “council for the af-
fairs of New England,” Nov. 3, 1620, was the civil basis of the
subsequent patents which divided the country. This patent
contained powers of government to the council and their suc-
cessors; but it soon became a question whether the council
could, with a conveyance of any portion of territory within their
limits, transfer a right of government.1. This point, it is be-
lieved, was never directly decided, although it may be inferred
from the practice of some of the patentees, that the general
impression was adverse to this power. The Massachusetts
patentees’ and Sir Ferdinando Gorges,? each procured a con-
firmation of their grants from the king, with power to govern
their respective provinces. With regard to Mason’s grant of
New Hampshire, which was not confirmed by the king, the two
chief justices of England agreed, that it conveyed no right of
sovereignty ; “the great council of Plymouth under whom he
claimed, having no power to transfer government to any.”

The council of Plymouth continued their operations until
June 7, 1635, when they surrendered their charter to the king.

1 Hazard, vol. i. p. 103.

2 Hazard, vol. i. p, 239.

3 Hazard, vol. i. p. 442,

4 Hutchinson, vol. i. p, 286.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 63

During their existence as a corporation, a period of. fourteen
years and seven months, they were not inactive. In 1621, they
relinquished a large proportion of their patent in favor of Sir
Wm. Alexander,* and assented to a conveyance by the king to .
him of all the territory lying east of the river St Croix and south
of the St. Lawrence, embracing the provinces of Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick. The other grants made by the council
within the present limits of Maine, were as follows :

- Ast. 1622, Aug. 10. To Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Capt.
John Mason, from Merrimac to the Kennebec river.!

Lo

1626, Nov. 6. To the Plymouth adventurers a tract on
Kennebec river; which was enlarged in 1628.2

3. 1630, Jan. 18. To Wm. Bradford and his associates, fif-
teen miles on each side of the Kennebec river, extending
up to Cobbisecontee ; this grant Bradford transferred to
the Plymouth adventurers.’

4, 1630, Feb. 12. To John Oldham and Richard Vines, four
miles by eight miles on the west side of Saco river! at

itsmouth.

5. 1630, Feb. 12. To Thomas Lewis and Richard Bonighton,
four miles by eight, on the east side of Saco river at the
mouth.

6. 1630. March 13, To John Beauchamp and Thomas Lev-
erett, ten leagues square on the westside of Penobscot
river, called the Lincoln or Waldo patent.”

*[ April 22, 1635, the council granted to Sir Wn. Alexander, all that part of
the main land from St. Croix along the sea-coast to Pemaquid and so up the
Kinnebequi, to be called the county of Canada.]

1 Hutchinson, vol. i. p. 286.

2 Prince, vol. i, pp. 170, 172.

3 Prince, vol. i. p. 196.

4 Ante and York Records.

5 Prince, vol. i. p. 203. Hazard, vol i. p. 318,
64 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

7. 1630. To John Dy and others the province of Ligonia, or
the Plough patent,! lying between Cape Porpus and Cape
Elizabeth, and extending forty miles from the coast.

8. 1631, Nov. 1. To Thomas Cammock, Black Point, fifteen
hundred acres.®

9. 1631, Dec. 1. To Robert Trelawny and Moses Goodyeare,
a tract between Spurwink river and Casco Bay.

10. 1632. To Robert Aldsworth and Gyles Elbridge, a tract
on Pemaquid point.

11. 1634. To Edward Godfrey and others, twelve thousand
acres on the river Agamenticus.*

12. 1634. To Ferdinando Gorges, twelve thousand acres on
west side of the river Agamenticus.’}

1 Sullivan, voli. pp. 114, 304. 2 York Records. 3 Hazard, vol. i. p. 315.
*[A grant was made by the council to Godfrey, Dec. 2, 1631.—Sainsbury.]

4 Beside the foregoing, a grant was made to George Way and Thomas Pur-
chase, between the Kennebec and Androscoggin rivers and Casco bay, but its
date is not known; the original having been long since lost, and no record re-
maining. It is referred to in very ancient deeds. This tract became the sub-
ject of long and bitter controversy between the Pejepscot proprietors and other
claimants, which was not finally settled until about 1814. In 1753, several
pamphlets were published by the opposing parties, containing the arguments on
the question. Eleazer Way, in a deed to Richard Wharton, of his right as son
and heir to George Way, 1685, alleged that Way and Purchase had a grant of the
territory from the council of Plymouth.

§ [Sainsbury in his Colonial Calendar furnishes the date of the grant to Way
and Purchase, “ June 16, 1632.”

Sainsbury’s Calendar also notes a grant to Walter Bagnall, of Richmond
Island, and fifteen hundred acres of land, Dec. 2, 1631.

And the same day, two thousand acres on the south side of Cape Porpus river,
to John Stratton and his associates ; from him, the islands lying off Black Point
river, were probably named, and have uniformly borne that name to the present
day. Stratton was from Shotley, in the county of Suffolk, England.

The grant to Richard Bradshaw of fifteen hundred acres, claimed to be at
Spurwink, and before noticed, was dated Nov. 1, 1631,

There may have been other grants, which did not find their way into the rec-
ords. or were never improved. ]
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 65

These are all the grants which this company made in Maine,
that we have met with previous to their final division in 1635.
In that division, the territory now called Maine, was distribu-
ted to three of the patentees. Gorges’ share extended from the
Piscataqua to Kennebec or Sagadahoc. Another portion was
between Sagadahoc and Pemaquid, estimated to be ten thou-
sand acres, granted to Mason, and called Masonia. The third
from Pemaquid to the St. Croix,' was given to Sir William
_ Alexander. We have no evidence that any occupation was
had by Mason or Alexander under these titles.

On the 25th of April 1635, a short time previous to the sur-
render of their charter, the council had a meeting at Whitehall,
in London, at which they prepared a declaration of the rea-
sons which induced them to take this important step, as follows :2
“Forasmuch as we have found by a long experience, that the
faithful endeavors of some of us, that have sought the planta-
tion of New England, have not been without frequent and in-
evitable troubles as companions to our undertakings from our
first discovery of that coast to this present, by great charges
and necessary expenses; but also depriving us of divers of our
near friends and faithful servants employed in that work
abroad, whilst ourselves at home were assaulted with sharp
litigious questions” both before the privy council and the
parliament, having been presented “as a grievance to the Com-
monwealth;”’ ‘the affections of the multitude were thereby
disheartened ;”’ ‘“‘and so much the more by how much it pleased
God, about that time to bereave us of the most noble and prin-
cipal props thereof, as the Duke of Lennox, Marquis of Ham-
ilton, and many other strong stayes to this weak building;”
“then followed the claim of the French Ambassador, taking
advantage of the divisions of the sea-coast between ourselves,
to whom we made a just and satisfactory answer.” ‘Never-

1 Gorges Narrative.

2 Gorges’ Narrative, and Hazard, vol. i. p. 390.
66 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

theless,” they add, “these crosses did not draw upon us such a
disheartened weakness, as there only remained a carcass, in a
manner breathless, till the end of the last parliament,” when
the Massachusetts’ company obtained their charter, and after-
ward thrust out the undertakers and tenants of some of the
council, “withal riding over the heads of those lords and others
that had their portions assigned unto them in their late majes-
ty’s presence.” After a further enumeration of grievances,
too grievous to be borne, they say they found matters “in so
desperate a case” by reason of the complaints made against
them, and the procedure in Massachusetts, that they saw no
remedy for “what was brought to ruin,” but for his majesty to
take the whole business into his own hands. ‘After all these
troubles, and upon these considerations, it is now resolved that
the patent shall be surrendered unto his majesty.”

In the same instrument, they provided for all existing titles
made by them, and prayed the king to confirm the grants which
they had divided among themselves. These were recorded in
a book which accompanied the surrender.

In addition to the reasons set forth in the public declaration
of the council, Ferdinando Gorges, grandson of Sir F. Gorges,
in “America painted to the life,” has the following: ‘the coun-
try proving a receptacle for divers sorts of sects, the establish-
ment in England complained of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and he
was taxed as the author of it, which brought him into some
discredit, whereupon he moved those lords to resign their grand
patent to the king, and pass particular patents to themselves of
such parts along the sea-coast as might be sufficient for them.”

The division of the territory among the patentees was made
by lot on the 3d of February 1635,! the grants were executed
April 22d, and on the 7th of June following, the president
and council made full surrender of their charter to the king.

1 Hazard, vol. i. p. 383.

2 Hazard, vol. i. p. 383, Douglas, vol. i. p, 387s
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 67

They did however urge upon the king the necessity of taking
away the charter of Massachusetts, and of appointing a general
governor for the whole territory, to be taken from among the
lord’s proprietors.'. The king assented to this plan, but the
earnest opposition of the friends of Massachusetts and the oth-
er New England colonies, and the breaking out of the civil
war, which by its immediate and pressing danger, engrossed
the whole thoughts of the king and his government, prevented
its being carried into execution. Sir F. Gorges was appointed
General Governor of New England 1637, but never came over.

Capt. John Mason, to whom New Hampshire had been as-
signed, and Sir Ferdinando Gorges, seem to have been the only
proprietors who pursued their separate grants with any zeal.
But Mason was not long permitted to enjoy the fruit of his
enterprise ; he died Nov 26, 1635, and his private interest in
his remote province, for the want of proper superintendence,
and owing to the unfaithfulness of agents immediately de-
clined.?

Gorges lost no time to improve his acquisition. He gave to
his province the name of New Somersetshire, from the county
in England, in which his estates were situated, and the same
year sent over as governor, his nephew, Capt. Wm. Gorges.’
The proprietor could establish no civil government without
authority from the king, and Gorges therefore was indefatiga-
ble in procuring the necessary requisite for perfecting his title
to the sovereignty as well as the soil of the province? His la-
bors for this object were not crowned with success until April
3, 1639. In the mean time, however, William Gorges arrived
in this country, and held at Saco, March 21, 1636, the first
court in this State, of which we have any record. The mem-

' 1 Hazard, vol. i. p. 381. Winthrop, voli. p. 161.
2 Belknap, N. H., vol i. p. 27. Annals of Portsmouth.
3 Jocelyn, 1 Chron. Chalmers, Annals. p. 473.
4 Geo. Vaughn’s letter, Hazard, vol. i. p. 408. Belknap, Appendix,
68 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

bers of the court are styled commissioners, and the record
commences as follows: “At a meeting of the commissioners in
the house of Capt. Richard Bonighton, in Saco, this 21st day
of March, 1636, present Capt Richard Bonighton, Capt. Wm.
Gorges, Capt. Thomas Cammock, Mr. Henry Jocelyn, Gent.,
Mr. Thomas Purchase,' Mr. Edward Godfrey,? Mr. Thomas
Lewis,’ Gent.”

At this court, four persons were fined five shillings each for
getting drunk. George Cleeves was fined five shillings for
rash speeches, and “Mr. John Bonighton* for incontinency with
Ann, his father’s servant, is fined forty shillings, and said Ann
twenty shillings, and he to keep the child.” The jurisdiction
of this court seems to have been coextensive with the limits of
the province, the commissioners present being from each ex-
tremity, and from the center. It does not appear that it was
held by virtue of any commission, although that fact may be
reasonably inferred. We have been able to find no record of
this court later than 1637; but the few memoranda that have
been preserved, prove to us that the early settlers, notwith-
standing the smallness of their number, were influenced by the
same litigious spirit and the same passions, which characterize
a denser population, and a more refined state of society. Ac-
tions of trespass and slander occur frequently on the record.

In 1636, the court passed an order, “That every planter or
inhabitant shall do his best endeavor to apprehend or kill any
Indian that hath been known to murder any English, kill their
cattle or in any way spoil their goods, or do them violence, and

1 Cammock and Jocelyn had probably now moved to Black Point, Purchase
lived in what is now Brunswick.

2 Godfrey lived at Agamenticus.

3 Lewis lived at Winter Harbor.—York Records. Of Wm. Gorges, Chalmers
says, “he ruled for some years a few traders and fishers with a good sense,
equal to the importance of the trust.”

4 John Bonighton was the son of Richard: he was nctorious for turbulence
and insubordination during his life.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 69

will not make them satisfaction.” While they were thus en-
deavoring to protect their own rights from the ageression of
the natives, they were not unmindful of the duties they owed
that race; and the next year the same court ordered that Ar-
thur Brown and Mr. Arthur Maeworth make John Cousins! give
full satisfaction to an Indian for a wrong done him.

What sort of government or civil regulation existed, previ-
ous to the establishment of this court, we have no means of
determining. Probably each plantation regulated its own af-
fairs and managed its own police without aid from or commu-
nication with the others. The usual mode in the other colonies
in absence of higher authority, was by agreement among the
settlers in writing, called a combination. Such was the course
adopted at Plymouth, at Piscataqua, and in the western part
of Maine in 1649: and it is believed from the following record,
that this was done at Winter harbor: ‘Feb. 7, 1636. It is
ordered that Mr. Thomas Lewis shall appear the next court-day
at the now dwelling house of Thomas Williams, there to answer
his contempt and to shew cause why he will not deliver up the
combination belonging to us, and to answer such actions as
are commenced against him.” In the settlement upon the
Neck, and at the mouth of Presumpscot river, the number of
inhabitants was so small, that connected as the persons in each
were to its head, there was probably no call for the exercise of
civil authority before the existence of courts here. And in
regard to the plantation on Richmond’s Island, we may sup-
pose that Winter, under his general authority controlled all its
affairs.

It appears by the records of the earliest court, that the forms
of the trial by jury were observed, which have ever since con-
tinued, although in the early stages of our history, more power

1 Cousins was born 1596; he lived on an island near the mouth of Royall’s
river, in North Yarmouth, which he bought of Richard Vines 1645, and which

still bears his name, until he was driven off in the war of 1675, Te moved to
York, where he died at a very advanced age after 1683.
70 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

over issues of fact was assumed and exercised by the court
than is consistent with modern practice.

In the confirmation of Gorges’ title by the king, in 1639, powers
of government were conferred almost absolute.’ In this charter,*
the name it now bears was first bestowed, from a province of
the same name in France, in honor of the king’s wife, a
daughter of the king of France. It is described as extend-
ing from the Piscataqua river to the Kennebec, and up
those rivers to their furthest heads, or until one hundred
and twenty miles were completed, with all the islands within
five leagues of the coast. The religion of the church of
England was established as the religion of the province.
The charter conferred upon Gorges an unlimited power
of appointment to office; to make laws with the assent of the
majority of the freeholders ; to establish courts from which an
appeal laid to himself; to raise troops, build cities, raise a rev-
enue from customs, establish a navy, exercise admiralty juris-
diction, erect manors, and exclude whom he chose from the
province. Such powers were never before granted by any gov-
ernment to any individual, and he succeeded in procuring them
by the most untiring efforts, all the other members of the
council having failed to accomplish a similar object. His
grandson Ferdinando in his account of America, says, “he no
sooner had this province settled upon him, but he gave public
notice that if any would undertake by himself and his associ-
ates, to transport a competent number of inhabitants to plant
in any of his limits, he would assign unto him or them such a
proportion of land as should in reason satisfy them, reserving
only to himself a small high rent as two shillings, or two shil-
lings six pence for a hundred acres per annum.”

1 Hazard, vol. i. p, 442.

* [By the charter, persons who were in possession of land under former grants,

were to be protected in their possessions, on acknowledging the jurisdiction,
“Jura regalia” of Gorges, the chief proprietor.

2 Page 49.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 71

The following extract from Sir F. Gorges’ narrative, will
show the manner in which he regulated the administration of
the province: ‘1st. I divided the whole into eight bailiwicks or
counties, and those again into sixteen several hundreds, conse-
quently into parishes and tythings as people did increase and
the provinces were inhabited. The form of government. 1st.
In my absence I assigned one for my lieutenant or deputy, to
whom I adjoined a chancellor for the determination of all dif-
ferences arising between party and party, for meum and tuum,
only next to him, I ordained a treasurer for receipt of the pub-
lic revenue, to them I added a marshal for the managing the
militia, who hath for his lieutenant, a judge marshal, and other
officers to the marshal court, where is to be determined all
criminal and capital matters, with other misdemeanors or con-
tentions for matters of honour and the like. To these I ap-
pointed an admiral with his lieutenant or judge, for the ordering
and determining of maritime causes. Next I ordered a master
of the ordnance, whose office is to take charge of all the public
stores belonging to the militia, both for sea and land, to this I
join a secretary for the public service of myself and council.
These are the standing councillors to whom is added eight
deputies, to be elected by the freeholders of the several coun-
ties, as councillors for the state of the country, who are author-
ized by virtue of their places to sit in any of the aforesaid courts,
and to be assistants to the presidents thereof.”

This magnificent outline was never filled up; the materials
were lamentably deficient. Gorges proceeded on the 2d Sept.

1 Narrative, p.46. This narrative was written in 1640, and published by his
grandson in 1658; he also says in it, p. 60, “T have not sped so ill, I thank my
God for it, but I have a house and home there; and some necessary means of
profit, by my saw-mills and corn-mills, besides some annual receipts, sufficient
to lay the foundation of greater matters, now the government is established.”
The unfortunate knight did not anticipate so soon being deprived of his posses-
sions and stripped of all his golden prospects. [These works are reprinted in
the Maine Historical Collections, vol ii. p. 1.]
72 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1639, to appoint his officers, and granted a commission at that
time to Sir Thomas Jocelyn, Richard Vines, Esq., his steward:
general, Francis Champernoon,! Esq., his nephew, Henry Joce-
lyn, and Richard Bonighton, Esquires, Wm. Hooke,’ and Ed-
ward Godfrey, Gents, as counselors, for the due execution of
justice in his province, and established in the same commission
certain ordinances for their regulation. Sir Thomas having
declined the office, another commission was issued by him on
the 10th of March following, in which the name of Thomas Gor-
ges, whom he styles his cousin, is substituted for Sir Thomas
Jocelyn, but similar in other respects to the former. He gives
as a reason for the new commission the uncertainty whether the
other arrived, and his desire that justice might be duly executed
in the province. The first commission did arrive, and a general
court was held under it, at Saco, June 25, 1640,* before Thomas
Gorges reached the country. This was the first general court
that ever assembled in Maine, and consisted of ‘Richard Vines,
Richard Bonighton, and Henry Jocelyn, Esquires, and Edward
Godfrey, Gent., counselors unto Sir Ferdinando Gorges, knight
proprietor of this province for the due execution of justice
here.”
The following officers were sworn at this court, viz: Vines, Bon-

It does not appear that any deputies were present.

ighton, Jocelyn, and Godfrey, as counselors; Roger Garde,
register ; Robert Sanky, provost marshal; Thomas Elkins, under
marshal; Nicholas Frost, constable of Piscataqua, Mr. Michael
Mitton, constable of Casco, and John Wilkinson, constable of
Black Point. This court had jurisdiction over all matters of a
civil or criminal nature arising within the province. At the
first session there were eighteen entries of civil actions and
nine complaints.

1 Champernoon lived in Kittery.

2 Wm. Hooke lived in Agamenticus or Kittery. Sir Thomas Jocelyn never
came to this country. I find no subsequent mention of him Henry and John
were his sons. ;

3 Sullivan, appendix. Popham Memorial Vol., appendix.

4 York Records, vol. i.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 73

Thomas Gorges arrived in the course of the summer; Win-
throp!' says of him, that “he was a young gentleman of the
Inns of court, a kinsman of Sir F. Gorges, and sent by him
with a commission for the government of his province of Som-
ersetshire. He was sober and well disposed, and was very
careful to take advice of our magistrates how to manage his
affairs.”” He held his first court at Saco, Sept. 8, 1640, assist-
ed by the counselors before mentioned.? At this session there
were pending twenty-eight civil actions, of which nine were jury
trials ; and thirteen indictments, which were tried by the court
without the intervention of a jury; four of them were against
George Burdett, minister of Agamenticus, for adultery, breach
of the peace, and incontinency; and what appears singular,
Burdett recovered judgment in two actions for slander against
persons for reporting the very facts for which he was at the
same court found guilty and punished.* The court passed an
order that the general court should be held at Saco every year,
on the 25th of June; they also divided the province into two
parts, one extending from the Piscataqua to Kennebunk; the
other from Kennebunk to Sagadahoc ; and in each division estab-
lished an inferior court, to be held three times a year, which
had cognizance of all cases except “pleas of land, felonies of
death, and treason.” An order also was passed that all the
inhabitants “who have any children unbaptised should have
them baptised as soon as any minister is settled in any of their
plantations.”

The government seemed now to have been placed on a respect-
able footing, and to have afforded hope of permanency ; but in

1 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 9.
2 York Records.

*[ Burdett came from Yarmouth, County of Norfolk, England. He took the
freeman’s oath in Salem in 1635, where he preached near two years. He mov'
ed to Dover, N. II., in 1637 or 1638, and on occasion of a quarrel there he came
to York in Maine. He left a wife and children in England, to which. after these
trials in me courts, he probably returned. ]

)
74 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1642, the civil war broke out in England, the influence of which
extended to the colonies and destroyed all that Gorges had so
long labored to establish. He was a firm episcopalian and
royalist, and joined the king’s party with the same zeal which
governed all his former life; although he was more than sev-
enty years old, he did not hesitate to buckle on his armour and
trust himself once more to the chance of war in defence of his
principles and the person of the king. But interested individ-
uals were not idle to take advantage of this state of things to
aggrandize themselves, and to gratify feelings of jealousy and
hatred against those who were unfriendly to them or stood in
their way. Among such, circumstantial evidence would seem
to place our first settler, George Cleeves. arly in 1643, we
find him in England, and on the 7th of April of that year,' Col.
Alexander Rigby, an ardent republican, and a member of par-
liament, purchased of the surviving proprietors of the prov-
ince of Ligonia, or a part of them, a conveyance of their charter.
It is inferred that he was stimulated to this undertaking by
Cleeves. Cleeves probably took advantage of political preju-
dices in England, to gain power in the province for himself; he
had not been noticed by Gorges among the officers of his gov-
ernment; and with Trelawny and his agent he had openly
quarreled. He therefore addressed himseif to Rigby, who had
warmly espoused the republican side, and no doubt persuaded
him to engage in the speculation of purchasing Ligonia, which
was a dormant title, and under existing circumstances, but a
nominal interest, in the hope that by the aid of political ma-
chinery, it might be elevated to a real and valuable estate. We
are inclined to the opinion that Cleeves was active in this meas-
ure, because he was appointed by Rigby, his first deputy for
the government of the province, and because he succeeded in
obtaining a confirmation from him of the valuable grant in
Falmouth, originally made to him by Gorges in 1637. Another

1 Sullivan, p. 31u.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 7)

circumstance which throws suspicion upon Cleeves, is an at-
tempt upon the character of Richard Vines, the leading sup-
porter of Gorges. On the 28th of April, 1643, he procured a
commission from the parliament, directed to Gov. Winthrop,
Arthur Maeworth, Henry Bode,! and others, to examine into cer-
tain articles exhibited by him to parliament against Vines. It
appeared at the court held in Saco in October, 1645, that Cleeves
had himself affixed the names of the principal planters, viz:
Macworth, Watts, Aulger, Hamans, West, Wadleigh, Wear,
Robinson, etc. to the petition to parliament without any author-
ity from them, and which they severally under oath in court,
disclaimed ; declaring “that they neither saw nor knew of said
articles until the said George Cleeves did come last out of
England,” and that they “could not testify any such things as
are exhibited in the said petition.” It does not appear that
Gov. Winthrop accepted the commission, and Macworth and
Bode both refused to act. Cleeves arrived at Boston in 1643,
with his commission from Rigby, to act as his deputy in the
government of Ligonia.? Knowing that he should have to con-
tend against an authority already established, he petitioned the
general court of Massachusetts to afford him their protection.
This they declined doing, but were willing that the governor
should write an unofficial letter in his favor. They wished,
probably, to render what assistance they could to a representa-
tive of the popular party in England, without involving them-
selves in the result of its ill success. The letter of the governor
did not have the desired effect of procuring the submission of
Gorges’ friends to the authority of Cleeves; for when Cleeves
proclaimed his commission at Casco, and called a court there,
Vines, the deputy of Gorges, opposed his proceeding, and called
a court at Saco. The inhabitants of course divided, those of
Casco principally joined Cleeves, although some dissented as

1 Bode lived in Wells,
2 Winthrop, vol. i. p.154. Hubbard. vol. i. p. 368,
76 - HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

appears by an order of the court, held at Saco, October, 1645,
assuring them of protection.! Vines was resolutely supported
by Maeworth, in Casco, and, it may be supposed, by the princi-
pal inhabitants of Saco and Black Point, and he was elected
deputy-governor for the following year. In this juncture,
Cleeves wrote to Vines, that he would submit the decision of
the question, as to jurisdiction, to the government of Massachu-
setts, until a final determination could be had from England ;
but Vines not only declined the arbitration, but imprisoned
Richard Tucker, who was the bearer of the communication,
and required a bond for his appearance at court and his good
behavior, before he released him. Upon this violence, Cleeves
and his party, about thirty in number, wrote to the governor
of Massachusetts for assistance, and offered themselves as par-
ties to the confederacy of the united colonies. The governor
returned an answer unfavorable to their claim for admission to
the confederacy, objecting that “they had an order not to re-
ceive any but such as were in a church way.’? Afterward in
April, 1644, Vines went to Boston with a letter from the com-
missioners of Sir F. Gorges, and between twenty and thirty
other inhabitants of the province; but without effect; they
would render aid to neither party; and although their prede-
lictions were undoubtedly on the side of Rigby, with their
usual cautious policy they withheld themselves from any inter-
ference in the disputes here, recommending both parties to live
in peace, until the controversy should be definitely settled by
the authorities in England. Cleeves continued to maintain a
feeble sway, and must eventually have submitted to the author-
ity of Gorges, had not the party of Rigby been triumphant in
England ; the distress to which he was reduced will appear

1 “Ordered by joint consent that we will aid and protect the inhabitants of
Casco bay as namely, Mr. Arthur Maeworth and all others in confederacy with
us there, and their estates from all opposition, wrong, and injury, that may be
offered them by Mr. George Cleeves or any under him.”— York Records.

2 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 155.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 77

from his letter to the government of Massachusetts of July 3,
1645. “To the honoured governour and deputy governour,
and court of assistants of the Massachusetts colony, these.
Honoured sirs, may it please you, I have lately received from
Mr. Rigby, letters of instruction and advice to proceed in the
government of Ligonia, and because we are opposed by Mr.
Vines and others, his confederates, that we could not proceed
according to our instructions and being daily threatened, and
are still in danger of our lives, and also to have ourselves
seized on by them for not submitting to a pretended authority
to them given by Sir F. Gorges, without any lawful commission;
and thereupon we are in danger of being ruined and undone,
unless the Lord do move your hearts to protect us with your
assistance. Ido not hereby presume to direct you, but hum-
bly crave leave to show mine opinion, which is, that if you will
be pleased to write but your general letter to our opponents to
deter them from their illegal proceedings, and a letter to our
people of Ligonia, to advise and encourage them, that notwith-
standing Mr. Vines and the rest do oppose, that they may and
ought to adhere to Mr. Rigby’s lawful authority. I hope you
may not need to put yourselves to any further trouble to finish
the work, but in so doing you will much oblige Mr. Rigby unto
you all, who doubtless would have sent over other order at this
time, if he had known the injuries offered him and us. These
letters now come are in answer of my letters sent to him on
my first arrival and not of my last nor of the * * * of the com-
missioners, as you may see by the date of them. I herein shall
send you Mr. Rigby’s letter of request to you and also a letter
of his to me, whereby you may see how the parliament approves
of his proceeding, and that we may expect further orders forth-
with; and in the interim we do most humbly beseech you to
afford us such speedy assistance as the necessity of our present
condition requires, and we shall forever petition the throne of
78 : HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

grace for you all, and rest your humble servants. George
Cleeves for and in behalf of the people of Ligonia.”*

This letter produced no alteration in the policy of Massachu-
setts, and in October following, Vines held his court as usual,
assisted by Richard Bonighton, Henry Jocelyn, Francis Robin-
son, Arthur Macworth; Edward Small, and Abraham Preble.?
It being represented at this court, “that not having heard from
Sir Ferdinando Gorges of late for establishment of government,”
they proceeded to elect Richard Vines, Esq., deputy-governor
for the year, and “if he should depart, Henry Jocelyn to be
deputy in his place.” They also laid a tax for the charges of
the general court; in which Casco is assessed ten shillings,
Saco eleven shillings, Gorgiana* one pound, Piscataqua, which
included Kittery and Berwick, two pounds ten shillings. The
certificates before referred to, respecting the articles exhibited
against Vines by Cleeves, were offered, and his practices cen-
sured; but some allowance is undoubtedly to be made by us
for the unfavorable light in which Cleeves appears in this trans-
action, since we receive the representation of it from bitter and
prejudiced opponents, who acted under the highest degree of
excitement ; and having no opportunity to hear the exculpa-
tion of the accused party.

Vines sold his patent to Dr. Child, in October, 1645, and soon

1 From files in secretary’s office, Mass.

2 Robinson lived in Saco, Macworth in Casco, Preble in Agamenticus. These
persons may be supposed to be the leaders in their respective plantations of the
party of Gorges.

% Agamenticus, now York, was incorporated as a city by Gorges in 1641, by
the name of Agamenticus; the next year a new charter was granted, giving it
the name of Gorgiana; Mamas Gorges was appointed the first mayor, by the
charter. This tax exhibits the relative value of the settlements in Maine at
that time, if Casco were fully taxed, of which from its having a separate govern-
ment there may be some doubt.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 79

after left the province ;'* Henry Jocelyn succeeded to the of-
fice of deputy-governor. The contest had increased to such a
height, that in the beginning of 1646, Cleeves was threatened
with personal violence; he therefore once more appealed to
Massachusetts, to aid him in this emergency. The other party
also making their representations to the same power, that gov-
ernment addressed a letter to each of them, persuading them
to suspend their hostilities, and live in peace until the arrival
of the next ships, by which it was expected that an order would
come from the commissioners of the colonies to adjust the con-
troversy. On receiving these letters, both parties came to the
determination of referring the subjects of contention between
them, to the arbitration of the court of assistants of Massachu-
setts, to be held at Boston, June 3d, 1646. At the time ap-
pointed Cleeves and Tucker appeared in support of Rigby’s
title, and Henry Jocelyn and Mr Roberts for Gorges.?

The result of this arbitration was inconclusive and unsatis-
factory. Winthrop? says, “upon a full hearing, both parties

1 Vines must have had one daughter at least. I find a petition to Andross, on
Massachusetts Fi'es,from Vines Ellicott for Cousins’ Island in Casco bay, in which
he styles himself a grandson of Capt. Richard Vines. [Savage says Ellicott
came to Boston in the Supply in 1679. Ellacott or Ellicott was a respectable
family in Devonshire, England, and still is. Vines went to Barbadoes, where he
and his family were comfortably settled in 1648. He was there in the practice
of physic. He addressed from there, two letters to Gov. Winthrop, one dated
July, 1647, the other April, 1648.— Hutchinson's Papers.]

* Dr. Robert Child came from the county of Kent, England ; was educated at
Cambridge, England, from which he took his first degree in 1631, second in 1635.
He afterward studied medicine at Padua, in Italy. It does not appear that he
made any use of his purchase of Vines. The next year he got into a furious
quarrel with the authorities of Massachusetts, whom he petitioned for further
freedom in religion and civil government. He returned to England in 1647 and
never came back.] |

21 think there must be some mistake in this name; I find no such person in
the province at that time; a Giles Roberts subsequently lived at Black Point.
I have thought it probable that Francis Robinson was intended ; he was a re-
spectable magistrate of Gorges’ court at this period, and lived at Saco.

3 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 256.
80 HISTORY OF PORTLAND. .

failed in their proof. The plaintiff (Cleeves) could not prove
the place in question to be within his patent, nor could derive
a good title of the patent itself to Mr. Rigby, there being six
or eight patentees, and the assignment from only two of them.
Also the defendant had no patent of the province, but oniy a
copy thereof attested by witnesses which was not pleadable in
law. Which so perplexed the jury that they could find for
neither, but gave in a non liquet. And because both parties
would have it tried by a jury, the magistrates forebore to deal
any further in it.”

The government of Massachusetts was undoubtedly quite
willing that the cause should take this direction, they preferred
to keep neutral and not identify themselves with either party
until they could safely do it under the decision of the commis-
sioners for the plantations, in England. .This decision arrived
soon after, and declared Rigby to be the “rightful owner and
proprietor of the province of Ligonia, by virtue of conveyances,
whereby the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing the said
province is settled.” The commissioners further ordered that
all the inhabitants of said province should yield obedience to
Rigby ; and the government of Massachusetts was required, in
case of resistance, to render support to his authority.!

Winthrop? says that the decision of the commissioners
brought the bounds of the patent to the sea-side, when, by the
language of it, it fell twenty miles short; this explains what
he before said in speaking of the evidence adduced by Cleeves
in support of Rigby’s title, that the grant did not cover the
disputed territory.

This decree was the result of political events in England ;
the republican party was now triumphant, and Gorges, who
had been taken prisoner at the seige of Bristol in 1645, and
imprisoned, was probably now dead ;3 although, why the title

1 Sullivan, p. 314, who cites an ancient British manuscript.

2 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 320.

3 In June, 1647, Gorges’ friends in the western part of the State, addressed a
letter to his heirs. [He died in 1647.]
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 81

to the province of Ligonia was not good, as to the soil at least,
may be difficult to comprehend. The patent bears date pre-
vious to the title of Gorges, setting aside the grant of 1622,
which appears never to have been executed; the proprietors
came over and took possession, and no evidence remains that
the patent was ever relinquished, or the title revoked. But
the sovereignty or the right of government is placed on a dif-
ferent ground, and not having been transferred to the propri-
etors that we have any evidence of, must have reverted to the
king, with the surrender of the grand patent by the council
of Plymouth. The question then arises, whether the charter
of the king to Gorges, conveyed the right of government to
him within the province of Ligonia, which was then held un-
der another and distinct title. But this question we shall not
stop to discuss.*

Cleeves, now triumphant over his adversaries, assumed un-
disputed sway in the whole province of Ligonia, extending
from Cape Porpus to Cape Elizabeth, including both. Under
this government were the settlements at Cape Porpus, Winter
Harbor, and Saco, Black and Blue Points, now Scarborough,
Spurwink, Richmond’s Island, and Casco. Saco was the larg-
est, and the next, those of Spurwink and Richmond’s Island.
He immediately commenced making grants in his newly-ac-
quired territory; as early as May, 1647, he granted to Richard
Moore four hundred acres in Cape Porpus, and in September
of the same year, he conveyed to John Bush a tract “in the
village of Cape Porpus ;’’ he also made grants in Scarborough
and Falmouth, all of them as the agent of Col. Alexander
Rigby, president and proprietor of the province of Ligonia."

* [In January, 1656, Edward Rigby petitioned the Lord Protector to aid in the
settlement of his plantation in New England, called the province of Laconia,
granted by patent from the king to his father. Referred to the Commissioners
or plantations.—Sainsbury.]

1 Rigby was a sergeant at law, and one of the Barons of the Exchequer in the
kingdom of England; Cleeves was styled deputy-president.
82 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Records of only three courts held by Cleeves are now to be
found, and these are very imperfect; one relates to a court
held at Black Point, by George Cleeves, Henry Jocelyn, and
Robert Jordan, in which merely the appointment of an admin-
istrator is noticed; and the others held at Casco in September
and December of the same year, exhibit the proceedings which
took place on the petition of Robert Jordan, the executor of
John Winter, for the allowance of his claim against Trelawny.
These are presented in the appendix. The style of the court,
as we learn from Jordan’s petition, was the “General Assem-
bly of the Province of Ligonia.”” We owe the preservation of
this record to che vigilance of private interest, and not to the
care of public officers. The repeated changes in government,
the confusion of the times, but most of all, the desolation spread
over the whole eastern country by Indian hostilities, have been
fatal to the preservation of any perfect records either of the
courts or towns.

After the decision which separated Ligonia from the province
of Maine, and the death of Gorges, the people in the western
part of the State, in 1649, formed a combination for their own
government, and elected Edward Godfrey their governor ;! the
first general court under this combination was held at Gorgi-
ana (York) in July of that year. In consequence of the
state of affairs in England, which deprived them of the aid of
their chief proprietor, they petitioned parliament in 1651, to
take them under their protection and confirm their indepen-
dent government ;” but parliament not regarding their petition,
they were obliged in 1652, to submit to the jurisdiction of Mas-
sachusetts. Hutchinson, speaking of this period and this prov-
ince, says, the people were in confusion and the authority of
government at an end.?

? Sullivan, p. 820. Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. i.
2 Sullivan, p. 322.

© Hutchinson, vol. i. p. 163.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 83

We have no means of determining with precision how the
government in Ligonia was constituted ; We find a general as-
sembly in existence, and suppose it was formed upon the plan
of that in Massachusetts, or of that proposed by Gorges; that
is, by assistants or counselors appointed by the president or his
deputy, and deputies chosen by the people. In fact, Edward
Rigby, the son of Alexander, in a letter written in 1652, to the
province, speaks of the six assistants and the judges. The pro-
ceedings of the assembly in September, 1648, are subscribed by
George Cleeves, deputy-president, Wm. Royall, Henry Watts,
John Cossons, Peter Hill, and Robert Booth.! We meet with
nothing in the records which indicate that the affairs of the
province were not correctly administered, and conducted with-
out confusion or interruption, until the death of Rigby, the
chief proprietor, which took place in August, 1650.2. After the
news of this event, the old opposition to Rigby’s government
was revived, and we may conjecture from Edward Rigby’s let-
ter, before referred to, that the object of the opposition was, to
form a combination and establish an independent government ;
he writes, that if they do “not desist from their private and se-.
cret combinations and practices and join with him, his deputy
and other officers for the peace of the province, he will take’
such course as shall not only force a submission, but also a
reparation for all their misdeeds.”’ This letter was dated Lon-
don, July 19, 1652, and addressed to “Mr. Henry Jocelyn, Mr.
Robert Jordan, Mr. Arthur Macworth, Mr. Thomas Williams,
as also to Robert Booth, Morgan Howell,* John Wadleigh, Jon-
as Bailey, Thomas Morris, Hugh Mosier, and to all others whom

1 Royall and Cossons were from Westcustogo, now North Yarmouth, Hill and
Booth were from Saco, and Watts from Scarborough.
2 Hazard, vol.i. p. 570, Sullivan, p. 317.

* [Morgan Howell’s will! is proved April 1, 1667,—York County Records, Book
F. p. 28.) ; :
84 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

these may concern, these present in Ligonia.’’! It appears by
this letter, that Cleeves was then in England, for he says, “TI
shall with all convenient speed, not only send back Mr. Cleeves,
but a near kinsman of my own.”

How the government was conducted after this time we have
no means of ascertaining ; Cleeves did not return until after.
February 20, 16538, and although the majority of the inhabi-
tants of Cape Porpus and Saco submitted to the jurisdiction of
Massachusetts in 1652, he contrived to keep up some show of
power in the eastern part of the province until the submission .
of the remaining inhabitants in 1658.

The government of Massachusetts seeing the disordered state
of affairs in Maine, in 1652, seriously undertook to establish a
claim to the province as far east as Casco bay. Their attention
was particularly called to the subject by a land title which was
controverted in the court of Norfolk county, then extending
to the Piscataqua. The judicial tribunal declared that they
had no jurisdiction, the land lying in New Hampshire ; the
subject was carried before the general court, which took occa-
sion to order an accurate survey of their bounds.2 On the 26th
of May the general court “voted that upon perusal of their
charter, the extent of their line is to be from the northernmost
part of the river Merrimack, and three miles more north, and
thence upon a strait line east and west to each sea.’ In pur-
suance of this declaration, the court appointed commissioners
to ascertain the latitude of the head of Merrimack river; the
committee made their observations on the first day of August,
1652, and reported “that the head of the Merrimack, where it
issues out of the lake Winnepusiaket, was forty-three degrees

1 Williatns and Booth lived in Saco, and submitted to Massachusetts in 1653,
Howell lived in Cape Porpus, and Wadleigh in Wells, and they severally sub-
mitted in 1653, Morris and Mosier lived in Casco bay, and Bailey at Black
Point. ,

2 Belknap, N. H. vol. i. p. 102. 3 Hazard, vol. i. p. 564.

4 Winnepisseoggee,
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 85

forty minutes, twelve seconds, besides those minutes which are
to be allowed for the three miles more north, which runs into the
lake.” Their next step was to ascertain at what point of the
coast that parallel would reach, and observations for this pur-
pose were made October 18, 1653, by Jonas Clark and Samuel
Andrews, ship-masters, who conclude their report thus: “At
the sea-side where the line doth extend there lieth a grayish
rock at a high-water-mark cleft in the middle,!' else the shore
being sand without stones; the line doth run over the northern-
most point of an island as we guessed, not above two or three
rods above high-water-mark, the island is called the upper Clap-
board Island, about a quarter of a mile from the main in Casco
baye, about four or five miles to the northward of Mr. Macworth’s
house.’”?

This claim was resisted by Godfrey’s government in the west-
ern part of the state, who protested against the usurpation ;
but Rawson, the secretary of Massachusetts, wrote Godfrey in
1652, showing the grounds of their claim and their determina-
tion to pursue it and occupy the territory. Godfrey, however,
in the name of the government and people, declared that they
would resist the encroachment and continue the exercise of
their authority and rights, until the government of England
should otherwise order.** But the people not receiving sup-

1 This rock still remains, and is the point from which the dividing line be-
tween the ancient towns of Falmouth and North Yarmouth commenced.

2 Massachusetts Records. , 3 Hazard, vol. i. p. 564.

* [Godfrey’s government sent a remonstrance to the Council of State in Eng.
land, against the claim.of Massachusetts, in December, 1651. And November
6, 1652, again by order of the general court of Maine, represented to the coun-
cil in England ‘‘That through the proceedings of Sir F. Gorges, they were
forced to enter into a combination for government, as appears by their remonstrance
and petition of December, 1651. Since which time all acts of government have
been in the name of the Keepers of the liberties of England. Requests an au-
dience for Richard Leader, agent of the province,*with reference to the claims of
Massachusetts to their government and the propriety of their land which they
have quietly possessed for twenty years.—Sainsbury, vol. i. p. 892.]
86 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

port from England, and weary of opposing the persevering
efforts of their more powerful neighbor, finally yielded to the
necessity of the case; the inhabitants of Kittery and Gorgiana
signed the submission in November, 1652, and those of Wells,
Cape Porpus, and a majority of those in Saco, July 5, 1653."

Massachusetts having now extended her jurisdiction to the
Saco river, continued her exertions, without relaxation, to
spread it over the whole of her claim. But she was resisted
in the eastern part of the province, both upon political and re-
ligious grounds. The most influential men east of Saco river,
were decidedly episcopalian in their form of worship, and look-
ed with dread upon the uncompromising, and we may add,
untolerating spirit of the puritan government of Massachusetts.
Our principal settlers had brought with them from England
the religious forms which prevailed in that country, and did
not come to avoid them, as was the case with the colonists of
Plymouth and Massachusetts. At the head of this party, were
Robert Jordan, Henry Jocelyn, and Arthur Macworth, all firm
in the faith, possessing great influence, and determined to re-
sist while there was hope of success. On the other hand,
George Cleeves and others were stimulated in their opposition,
by the possession of power which they were anxious to main-
tain. In 1654, Jordan was committed to prison in Boston, and
about the same time, he and Jocelyn were summoned by the
general court to appear before the commissioners at York,
which they declined doing; in 1657, a letter was addressed to
them by the government, but without effect, urging them to
meet their commissioners at York, “appointed for settling gov
ernment in the eastern parts.’

In 1655, Cleeves went to Boston in behalf of the inhabitants
of Ligonia, to protest against the proceedings of Massachusetts.
On the 24th of October, the government returned him a formal

1 Hazard, vol. i. p. 573. Sullivan, p. 349. Massachusetts Files.

2 Massachusetts Records,
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 87

answer in which they urged their claim, exhibiting their patent
and the report of the persons who had surveyed their bounds ;
they stated that they desired to treat the inhabitants of the
province which fell within their limits with civility and friend-
ship, but insisted on their right to the jurisdiction over the ter-
ritory to their utmost eastern limits. They say, “We have not
endeavored to infringe the liberties of the planters of those
lands, but have offered them the same with ourselves, nor to
enrich or ease ourselves by taxing their estates, we expect no
more than what they formerly did, viz: to bear their own
charges; nor do we seek to put upon them that which we our-
selves count unequal, viz: to be subject to such laws and con-
stitutions made by others without their consent.’”!
Massachusetts was fearful that her attempts to extend her
limits would be viewed with dissatisfaction in England, and in
their instructions to their agent November 23, 1655, they say,
“Tf any complaint be made by Mr. Rigby concerning our claim
by virtue of our patent, as intrenching on what he calls the
province of Ligonia, you may for the present make the best
answer you may, for the reasons exprest in our answer given
Mr. Cleeves’ agent, which, if it satisfy not, you may crave lib-
erty for our further answer.” She was evidently desirous of
getting possession of the territory, and relied upon her own
strength and the weakness of her adversary, for the final issue.
In August, 1656, seventy-one persons, inhabitants of Saco,
Cape Porpus, Wells, York, and Kittery, addressed a petition
to Cromwell, praying to be continued under the government
of Masssachusetts, alleging that they were ‘‘a people few in
number, and those not competent to manage weighty affairs,
our weakness occasioning distraction, our paucity division, our
meanness contempt.’”?
In 1657, the general court appointed new commissioners,

1 Hazard, vol. i. p. 598.
2 Hazard, vol. i. p. 608.
88 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and issued a new summons to the inhabitants east of Saco riv-
er, to meet them at York, which they failing to do, the com-
missioners issued another notice requiring the inhabitants to
appear at the general court, to be held in Boston, October 14,
1657. But instead of regarding this summons, Cleeves sent in
a paper, ‘‘ wherein he declared,” as the court in their records
state, “‘ against the legality of their proceedings and the reso-
lution of the inhabitants to deny submission to them.” The
court then add, “ We do hereby declare our right and claim
to those parts, and the injurious refusal of the inhabitants
‘there, concerning which we shall seriously advise what for the
future may be most expedient for us, yet for the present, judge
it best to surcease any further prosecution.” !

- Notwithstanding this declaration, they did not long “ sur-
cease” further to prosecute their claim ; for in May following
(1658) they appointed commissioners to proceed to the dis-
puted territory to receive the submission of the inhabitants.
This sudden change in their resolution was probably effected
by a revolution in the feelings of the people, and by a desire
existing here for a regular government. The preamble to the
resolve by which the commission was appointed declares,
“‘ Whereas some complaints have been brought into this court
by the inhabitants of the other side of the river Piscataqua, of
divers disorders and inconveniences which do daily arise for
want of government being orderly settled to the furthest extent
of our line in the eastern parts, it is therefore ordered,” ? etc.
The commissioners were required “to repair to Black Point,
Richmond’s Island, and Casco, or some such one place, within
the county of York, as they shall judge meet, there to. take in
the inhabitants thereof into our jurisdiction.” 2

The people had undoubtedly become weary of the contro-
versy, and their own government was unable to afford that

1 Massachusetts Files.

2 Massachusetts Records.
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 89

security and protection which were needed, harassed as it must
have been by the pressure of the claim so strenuously urged
without, and the struggles of an active opposition within. We
find therefore that when the commissioners held their court at
the house of Robert Jordan, at Spurwink, July 18, 1658, a
majority of the inhabitants of Black Point and Casco attended.

The commissioners in their return say, that having issued
summonses to all the inhabitants residing within the line pro-
posed, to appear before them, “ After some serious debate of
matters betwixt us, removal of some doubts, and our tendering
some acts of favour and privilege to them, the good hand of
God guiding therein, by a joint consent, we mutually accorded
in a free and comfortable close.” The form of the submission
was as follows, “‘We, the inhabitants of Black Point, Blue
Point, Spurwink, and Casco bay, with all the islands thereunto
belonging, do own and acknowledge ourselves to be subject to
the government of Massachusetts bay in New England, as
appears by our particular subscriptions in reference of those
articles formerly granted to Dover, Kittery, and York, which
are now granted and confirmed unto us, together with some
This was signed by
twenty-nine persons, of whom the thirteen following lived in
Falmouth, viz: Francis Small, Nicholas White, Thomas
Standford, Robert Corbin, Nathaniel Wallis, John Wallis,
George Lewis, John Phillips, George Cleeves, Robert Jordan,
Francis Neale, Michael Mitton, Richard Martin. The remain-
der, with the exception of John Bonighton, who lived in Saco,

additions as upon record doth appear.” !

were inhabitants of Black and Blue Points.

The following is the substance of the articles of agreement
entered into between the inhabitants and the commissioners,
and may be found at large on York Records.’

1 Massachusetts Records.

2 Book i. p. 78. The first volume of the collections of the Maine Historical
Society, contains this document,

7
90 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1. The obligations entered into were to be void if the juris-
diction of Massachusetts was not allowed by the government
of England.

2. Indemnity and oblivion “freely granted.”

3. The privileges granted to Dover, Portsmouth, Kittery,
Wells, and Saco, granted to the people here.

4. In appeals to Boston, the appellant to have cost if he

‘recover, if not, to pay treble cost.

5. To have copies furnished them of the privileges granted
Dover, &e.

6. Their civil privileges not to be forfeited for differences
in religion, “but their regulations therein must be according
to penal laws.”

7. Those places formerly called Black Point, Blue Point,
and Stratton’s islands, henceforth to be called Scarborough.

8. “Those places formerly called Spurwink and Casco bay
from the east side of Spurwink river, to the Clapboard islands,
in Casco bay, shall run back eight miles into the country, and
henceforth shall be called by the name of Falmouth.”

9. Falmouth and Scarborough shall immediately establish
their bonds.

10. “The towns of Falmouth and Scarborough shall have
commission courts to try causes as high as fifty pounds.”

11. The two towns of Scarborough and Falmouth are to
send one deputy yearly to the court of clection, and have lib-
erty to send two if they see cause.

The name Yorkshire is given to so much of the former prov-
ince of Maine, as fell under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts,
and in consideration of its extent, and the difficulty of obtain-
ing the presence here of any of the assistants, it is granted,
“1, That with the consent of the inhabitants of the aforesaid
towns of Scarborough and Falmouth, we do constitute and ap-
point the right trusty Henry Jocelyn, Esq., Mr. Robert Jordan,
Mr. George Cleeves, Mr. Henry Watts, and Mr. Francis Neale,
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 91

commissioners for the year ensuing, invested with full power,
or any three of them, for the trial of all causes without a jury
within the liberties of Scarborough and Falmouth, not exceed-
ing the value of fifty pounds, and every one of said commis-
sioners have granted them magistratical power to hear and de-
termine small causes, as other magistrates and assistants,
whether they be of a civil or ofa criminal nature.” Any of said
commissioners were authorized to grant warrants, examine of-
fenders, commit to prison, administer oaths, and to solemnize
marriages, and any three of them were empowered to commis-
sion “military officers under the degree of acaptain.” Jocelyn,
Jordan, Capt. Nicholas Shapleigh, Mr. Edward Rishworth, and -
Mr. Abraham Preble, were invested with “‘magistratical power,
throughout the whole county of York.” Five associates were
authorized to be chosen yearly for the county courts, instead
of three, anda court was appointed to be held in September of
every year at Saco or Scarborough, as well as at York.!

These and some other regulations, not important to be
noticed, having been adopted, and the commissioners having de-
clared that ‘the change of the government hath made no change
in any man’s former right, whether in respect of lands, chattels,
goods, or any other estate whatsoever,” they adjourned on the
16th of July, 1658. Thus the government of Massachusetts
came into possession of the ancient province of Maine, as far
east as the eastern bounds of Falmouth, which she held, with
the exception of about three years, until the final separation
which took place in 1820.

Although the inhabitants had now generally submitted to
her jurisdiction, there were many who carried in their bosoms
a spirit of determined hostility to the power of Massachusetts.
We believe it to have been founded chiefly in difference of reli-
gious sentiments. Massachusetts at that time could hardly
allow a neutrality on this subject; none but church members

1 York Records.
92 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

could be freemen, and those who did not, “after the most
straitest sect of our religion,” live puritans, were not tolerated.
Many of our early settlers were episcopalians ; Jordan was a
priest of that persuasion, and had been the minister to the
people here for many years, and although new settlers crowded
into our plantations from Massachusetts, bringing the religious
doctrines and feelings which prevailed there, still the attachment
of many to the mode of worship under which they had been
educated, was not and could not be eradicated. On this sub-
ject, Massachusetts exercised her power with no little severity,
and notwithstanding her guaranty in the sixth article before
mentioned, “that civil privileges should not be forfeited for re-
ligious differences,” she did proceed to enforce her own doc-
trines, regardless of the religious principles which prevailed
here. Robert Jordan was frequently censured for exercising
his ministerial office in marriages, baptisms, &c.; in 1660, he
was summoned by the general court to appear before them to
answer for his irregular practices, in baptising the children of
Nathaniel Wallis, “after the exercise was ended upon the Lord’s
day, in the house of Mrs Macworth in the town of Falmouth,”
and was required “to desist from any such practises for the
future.’”!

It is not therefore to be wondered at that this party should
seek the first favorable opportunity to throw off what they
deemed to be the yoke of oppression. This opportunity was in
afew years afforded as will be hereafter seen. *

1 Massachusetts Records.

* [We cannot dismiss this portion of our history that closes the useful con-
nection which the worthy and most honored Sir Ferdinando Gorges had with
this ancient territory, without presenting a few prominent particulars of his hon-'
orable and active life.. His connection with our history sufficiently appears in
our pages. Sir Ferdinando Gorges ‘‘was the son and heir of John Gorges, of
London,” (Sainsbury,) and is said to have been born in Somersetshire, at a place
or manor, called Ashton-Phillips, in 1573. We do not know upon what author-
ity the last two facts are stated, but the period of his birth is not improbable;
and it is certain that he had estates and resided in Somersetshire. From cir-
POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 93

cumstances connected with his life, such as his being governor of Plymouth as
early as 1600, I should suppose that he was born prior to 1573. He served un-
der the Earl of Essex in the Spanish expedition when Cadiz was taken in 1596,
as sergeant-major, corresponding to colonel. He was afterward appointed gov-
ernor of Plymouth by Queen Elizabeth. He was removed from this office and
committed to prison for complicity in the conspiracy of the Earl of Essex in
1601. But James 1, in 1604, restored him to the office. It is probable that this
position, Plymouth being the port of early voyagers, introduced him to persons
who were engaged in voyages of discovery to the American coast; and his in-
terest was greatly excited and increased by the return of Weymouth in 1605,
with five natives from the Pemaqnid country. The glowing descriptions given
by the voyagers, who had visited in June the most beautiful part of our coast,
and of the savages, gave particular force and direction to the adventurous spirit
of this enterprising man, and he engaged with energy, and pursued with perse-
verance, for forty years, the work of discovery and colonization of the eastern
shores of New England. In July, 1637 he was appointed governor-general
of New England, but he did not enter upon its practical duties; in 1639,
he obtained his ample charter of the ‘province of Maine;” but the call
for his services to aid the king in the great rebellion, diverted his thoughts and
his exertions from his new province, to the strife of arms, in the midst of which,
after doing valiant deeds for his sovereign, he perished in 1647, at about the age
of seventy-five. He had atleast two sons. Robert, the eldest, married a daugh-
ter of the Earl of Lincoln; received a grant of a portion of Massachusetts in
1622, with the appointment of governor of New Engiand, to which he came and
spent about two years. He returned in 1624 and soon after died. The other
son was John, who succeeded to the Massachusetts grant, which he sold to Sir
William Brereton in 1629.

Gorges had also three nephews, Thomas, William, and Henry, to whom he
gave appointments and made grants in his American province. His grandson
Ferdinando, inherited this province, which he was only too glad to sell in
1677, at twelve hundred and fifty pounds sterling, in consequence of the constant
contention which the authorities of Massachusetts kept up for its title and juris-
diction.

Mr Folsom, in his discourse on Gorges,second Maine Historical Collections, says
“The Family of Gorges had an ancient seat at Wraxhall, in Somersetshire, six
and ahalf miles from Bristol. (They resided at Wraxhall as early as 1260.)
In the church at that place is a large altar tomb with figures of Sir Edward
Gorges, K. B., and Aunie, his wife, a daughter of John Howard, Duke of Nor-
folk. In the same neighborhood, in the parish of Long Ashton, was the manor
of Ashton Phillips belonging to Sir Ferdinando. The village of Long Ashton
lies on the south-east slope of an eminence, called Ashton Hill, about five miles
from Bristol.

In Camden's Britaunia, it is stated that from the time of Ralph de Gorges, 1260,
94 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

to about 1700, the family had. been contmued in Wraxhall, ‘‘and is lately reduced
to an issue—female.” The name still exists in Somersetshire, probably by
the marriage, in 1350, of one of the Russells of Gloucestershire “with an heir -
ess of the honorable family of Gorges,” who assumed the name of Gorges. ‘This
Russell was of the family afterward raised to the peerage, and is now 2 promi-
nent constituent of the aristocracy of Enpland.|—Ep.
 

 

 

        

 

 

 

 

 

             

 

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CHAPTER III.

1640 to 1660.

BouNDARIES AND NAME OF THE TOWN—INHABITANTS IN 1658, AND PLACES OF RESIDENCE—EARLY Con»
Veyances—First MILLs—SETTLERS AT BAcK CoVE—JoRDAN’S CLAIM AND QUARREL WITH CLEEVES.

The limits of Falmouth were described in general terms in
the compact with Massachusetts of 1658 ; they were afterward
to be particularly marked out by the inhabitants themselves,
or, in case of their neglect, the next county court was to ap-
point commissioners for that purpose. This duty not having
been performed, the general court at their session in May, 1659,
appointed ‘Capt. Nicholas Shapleigh, Mr. Abraham Preble,
Mr. Edward Rishworth, and Lt. John Saunders, to run the
dividing lines,’ not only of Falmouth, but of Saco and Scar-
borough. This committee attended to the service and reported
“that the dividing line between Scarborough and Falmouth,
shall be the first dividing branches of Spurwink river, from
thence to run up into the country upon a due north-west line,
until eight miles be extended ; and that the easterly bounds of
Falmouth shall extend to the Clapboard islands, and from
thence shall run upon a west line into the country, till eight
miles be expired.” ! These boundaries are the same as at the
present time, with the exception of the eastern line, which now
runs north-west from the white rock, opposite Clapboard island,
referred to in the survey of the eastern line of the province by

1 Return of the Committee.
96 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Massachusetts. A west line corresponded precisely with the
exterior line of the province, as then claimed by that govern-
ment. The two side lines of the tract, are now parallel, both
running north forty-five degrees west, a distance of over eight
miles from the sea; the rear line is a few rods over ten miles
long. The name wich was given to this town, was borrowed.
from that of an ancient town in England, standing at the mouth .
of the river Fal, in Cornwall, and hence called Falmouth.
This river, after passing through a part of Cornwall, discharges
itself into the British channel, forming at its mouth a spacious
harbor. Several of our early settlers came from that neigh-
borhood, and adopted the name in compliance with a natural
and prevailing custom in the first age of our history of apply-
ing the names which were familiar to them in the mother
country to places which they occupied in this. Previous to
this time, the plantation upon the Neck, and indeed all others
in the bay, were called by the general name of Casco, or Casco
bay, no boundaries were defined; but when a particular spot
was intended to be designated, the local terms borrowed prin-
cipally from the Indians were used, as Machegonne, Purpoo-
duck,'! Capisic, Westcustogo, Spurwink, etc. These names
continued to prevail many years, and some of them remain in
familiar use at the present day.

Besides the thirteen persons who subscribed the submission to
Massachusetts, the following were inhabitants of the town in
1658: James Andrews, Thomas Greenly or Greensledge,
George Ingersoll, John Lewis, Jane Macworth, Joseph Phip-
pen, Sampson Penley, Robert and Thomas Sanford or Stanford,
and Nathaniel Wharff.

James Andrews was the son of Jane Macworth, by her for-
mer husband, Samuel Andrews, and was born in 1635, proba-
bly at Saco. Greensledge, in 1666, is called a servant of
George Cleeves, we know nothing more of him than that he

1 Purpooduck was the aboriginal name for Spring Point, but it afterward was
extended over the whole northern shore of Cape Elizabeth.
INHABITANTS AND PLACES OF RESIDENCE. 97

was an inhabitant, June, 1658. We find George Ingersoll here
as early as 1657, but are not able to determine the period of
his arrival; he was born in 1618, and was probably the son of
Richard Ingersoll, a Bedfordshire man, who with his family
was sent to Capt. Endicott, in Salem, by the Massachusetts
Company in 1629.!| John Lewis was the son of George 2 he
received a grant of 100 acres of land at Back Cove from George
Cleeves, June 26, 1657; his father had lived here at that time
at least seventeen years, and had several children born previous
to that period. Joseph Phippen was an inhabitant of Falmouth
as early as 1650; he probably came from Boston, where several
of that name were then living; a David Phippen was admitted
freeman of Massachusetts in 1636, and one by the name of Jo-
seph in 1644.* He purchased one hundred acres at Purpoo-
duck, of Cleeves, September 30, 1650. Sampson Penley was
here as early as June, 1658, we do not know where he came
from, he lived many years in Falmouth, and raised a family
here. We know nothing of the origin of the Stanfords, they
were residing at Purpooduck in 1687, when in a petition to
Andross, they stated that they had possessed land on the south
side of Casco river thirty-five years. Nathaniel Wharff was

1 See the company’s letter in Hazard, vol. i. p. 279.

2 George Lewis, who I have supposed was the father of our George, was a
clothier. He came from Kent county, England, to Plymouth, before 1630, and
moved to Scituate in 1634. He hada brother John, who took the freeman’s
oath in Scituate in 1637. Our conjecture receives some countenance from the

similarity of names.

*[ The name of Phippen was originally Fitzpen and still exists in Cornwall,
England. Joseph’s father, David, was one of the thirty who with Rey. Peter
Hobart settled Hingham, Mass. He was admitted an inhabitant of Boston in
1641, and died before 1658. Joseph had a house lot in Hingham granted bim
1637 ; he lived in Boston in 1644. He married Dorcas Wood and had issue, Jo-
seph, 1642, Mary, Sarah, Elizabeth, David, 1647, and Samuel. He died in Sa-
lem about 1687. In England, the Jordans intermarried with this family. Robert
Jordan, a merchant in Melcomb, is supposed to have married a Fitznen or Phip-

pen.J—Ep.
98 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

married to Rebecca, eldest daughter of Jane Macworth, as
early as March 28,1658, at which time he received from Mrs.
Macworth a conveyance of land near the mouth of Presumpscot
river, where he afterward lived.! In addition to ‘these persons
there then lived in the bay, John Cousins, near the mouth of
Royall’s river; Thomas Hains, at Marquoit; James Lane, on
the east side of Cousins’ river; Richard Bray, on Mains’ point
in North Yarmouth; John Maine, atthe same place; James.
Parker, on the Kennebec river or its neighborhood; William
Royall, on the east side of Royall’s river, near its mouth; John
Sears, probably on one of the islands. Besides these, there
were Hugh Mosier, Thomas Morris, and Thomas Wise, who liv-
ed some where in the bay at this time, but at what particular
place, we are unable to determine; probably in North Yar-
mouth.

The distribution of the inhabitants of Falmouth, in the sev-
eral parts of the town is as follows: On the east side of Pre-
sumpscot river, lived James Andrews, Jane Macworth, Francis

- Neale, and Nathaniel Wharff; on the west side of that river,
Robert Corbin, John Phillips, Richard Martin,’ the settler at
Martin’s Point, opposide Macworth’s Point; at Back Cove,
George Ingersoll, George Lewis, John Lewis, and Nathaniel
Wallis; on the Neck, lived George Cleeves, Michael Mitton,
and Richard Tucker; at Purpooduck, Joseph Phippen, Samp-
son Penley, Thomas Staniford, Nicholas White, and probably
John Wallis; Robert Jordan is the only name we meet with
from Spurwink; Francis Small lived at Capisic, on a tract of
land he purchased of the Indians.

The several parcels of land conveyed by Cleeves and Tucker,
were invariably situated upon the margin of one of the rivers,
or of the Back Cove. The earliest grants from them we meet
with, were to Atwell, at Martin’s Point, and to George Lewis,

1 York Records.

2 Martin married widow Atwell, and afterward occupied her farm.
EARLY CONVEYANCES. 99

at the entrance into Back Cove; these were made before 1640,
and probably after June 8, 1637, the date of their possession
under Gorges’ deed. The next conveyance we have discov-
ered, was of two hundred acres at Back Cove, to Wise and
Mosier, in 1640, between the land of Atwell and Lewis.
We find no trace of any other conveyances from those persons
until 1646, when they granted to John Moses, “now of
Piscataqua river,’ “one hundred acres of land in Casco bay,
adjoining unto land formerly granted unto George Lewis,’’ in
consideration of seven years service as an apprentice to them.!
Between the date of the two last mentioned conveyances,
Cleeves went to England and procured his commission from
Rigby, and also May 23, 1643, a title to the same tract which
had been granted to him by Gorges.

For a number of years after this period, Cleeves was engaged
in a controversy with the agents of Gorges for the maintenance
of his power as the deputy of Rigby; and after he was quietly
established in his government, he soon became occupied in
resisting the claim of Massachusetts. These employments,
together with the continual opposition by which his adminis-
tration was harrassed by discontented subjects, must have left
him but little opportunity for the improvement of the large
tract conveyed to himself and partner.

In 1650, May 1, he confirmed Peaks’ Island to Michael Mit-
ton, his son-in-law, under authority from Rigby, and January 1,
1651, by the same authority, he conveyed to him one hundred
acres at Clark’s Point, adjoining his dwelling-house, which Mitton
“chad possessed for ten years.” February 24, 1651, he trans-
ferred to him all that tract lying in Casco bay, granted to him
by Alexander Rigby, which he describes as being “now in the
possession of me the said Cleeves and other of my tenants,” also
all the utensils, household stuff in and about the house and
buildings, with all his houses, buildings, ‘“‘cattle as well as cows

1 York Records. =
100 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and calves and steers and swine, young and old, as also all
other cattle and goods,” and mentions as the consideration a
sum of money, and also “that he the said Michael Mitton, shall
at all time and times hereafter maintain and provide for me,
the said George Cleeves, and for Joan, my now wile, good and
sufficient meat and drink, apparel and lodging and physick and
all other necessaries for the relief of this frail life for both of
us, and the longest liver of both of us, as well as for other con-
siderations me hereunto moving as well the marriage of my
daughter as otherways.”’ Although this deed appears to have
been regularly executed, yet it probably never took effect, as
we find Cleeves afterward, even the same year, making con-
veyances of parcels of the same land ; the deed was not record-
ed until 1717.

December 26, 1651, Cleeves conveyed to Nicholas Bartlett,*
of Cape Porpus, “one hundred acres lying together in Casco
bay, near unto the house of me, the said George Cleeves, to
begin at the south-west side of the corn field, now employed for
tillage and corn, by me the said Cleeves; the bounds to begin
at the small water lake, which runneth into the cove, near the
said corn field, and is to run eightscore poles into the woods,
and from the cove south-west by the water side toward the house
of Michael Mitton, one hundred poles, together with so much
marsh ground as is to be appointed to every other tenant for
every hundred acres.’! This description points out the situa-
tion of the grant; it extended from Clay Cove to about where
Union street now is, and included the whole width of the Neck.

* [Bartlett lived sometime in Scarborough. ]

1 In the time of Gov. Andross, 1687, Bartlett petitioned for confirmation of
this title, and represented that he bore arms for King Charles eight years, for
most of which time he had no pay, especially the last three years he served in
the Princes guard, and at last was forced to fly out of England for his life, poor
and destitute; and in order to settle himself here, purchased land of Cleeves.
That Danforth disposed of the Jand to other men who Huilt upon it, He was
then living in Salem.— York Records.
EARLY CONVEYANCES. 101

This tract was conveyed by Bartlett to John Higginson, Jr., of
Salem, in 1700, and by Higginson’s executors to John Smith
of Boston in 1720, but it does not appear that it was ever oc-
cupied by Bartlett or those who claimed under him. It is very
certain that it was entirely disregarded by President Danforth
in the settlement of the town in 1680.

On the 20th February, 1653, Cleeves being in England, re-
ceived from Edward Rigby a grant of one thousand acres
adjoining the land formerly granted to him, “beginning at the
little falls in Casco river, and running westwardly three hun-
dred and twenty poles, and five hundred poles southwardly.”
Possession was delivered by Mitton to Richard Tucker by the
appointment, and for the use of Cleeves; and July 18, 1658,
Cleeves conveyed the same to Tucker for thirty pounds sterling.
We hear nothing more of this title, and presume it died with
Tucker.

These are the only conveyances we find from Cleeves pre-
vious to 1657; after that time they are more frequent, owing
probably to the increase of immigration. In May, 1657, he
granted to “James Andrews, son of Samuel Andrews, citizen of
London, deceased,” one hundred acres of land at the upper
end of the marsh on Fore river, near Capisic.! In this deed
mention is made of a grant of one hundred acres next adjoin-
ing, by Cleeves to his granddaughter, Ann Mitton; we do not
find the latter deed recorded, but the land is held under that
title at the present day; Ann Mitton having married Anthony
Brackett, who occupied the estate and left the whole, or part
of it, to his posterity.*

June 26, 1657, Cleeves conveyed to “John Lewis, eldest son
of George Lewis, of Casco,” one hundred acres bordering on
his father’s former grant of fifty acres. This was situated at
Back Cove, not far from Tukey’s bridge, and is part of the farm

1 York Records.
*[This forms part of the Decring farm at Back Cove.]
+
102 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

now owned by Henry Isley.* Lewis conveyed it to Nathaniel
Wallis in 1674, who occupied it. November 20, of this year,
Cleeves made another conveyance of fifty acres to George Lewis,
lying southerly of his son John’s grant, and extending to
Fall Cove.

The earliest Indian deed we have met with of land in Fal-
mouth, was made July 27, 1657, by Scitterygusset to Francis
Small; it runs thus: ‘Be it known unto all men that I, Scit-
terygusset, of Casco Bay, Sagamore, do hereby firmly covenant,
bargain, grant, and sell unto Francis Small, of the said Casco
Bay, fisherman, his heirs, ete., all that upland and marshes at
Capisic, lying up along the northern side of the river, unto the
head thereof, and so to reach and extend unto the river side-
of Ammoncongan.” The consideration for the conveyance of
this large tract, about two miles in extent, was “one trading
coat a year for Capisic, and one gallon of liquor a year for
Ammoncongan.”

We know but little of this Sagamore ; Winthrop mentions
him as the leader of the party which murdered Bagnall on
Richmond’s Island in 1631, and a creek near the mouth of
Presumpscot river still perpetuates his name. What extent of
territory he ruled over, or what distinguishing name his tribe
bore, we have no means of ascertaining. We may, however,
reasonably conjecture that his people spread between the An-
droscoggin and Saco tribes, and occupied the river Presumpscot
and the large ponds from which it has its source. Aucocisco,
the name that Capt. John Smith and other early writers apply
to the natives upon this bay, may be considered as belonging
to this tribe, which may therefore be called the Aucocisco, or
as the name is now used, the Casco tribe, of which Scittery-
gusset was the chief Sagamore at this time.

The neighboring tribes had their appropriate appellations,
and the name we have assumed, is the only one of those pre-
served by the early writers, which remains unapplied.

* [In 1864, the Woodman farm is part of it.]
EARLY CONVEYANCES, FIRST MILLS. 103

At the date of this deed, Francis Small was thirty years old ;
he settled on his purchase, where he remained several years,
and afterward moved to Kittery, where he was living in 1683.
In May, 1658, he sold half of the tract to John Phillips, of
Boston, and it was subsequently improved by his son-in-law,
George Munjoy, who made an additional purchase of the In-
dians in 1666.

The natives had a large place cleared at Ammoncongan, on
the north side of Presumpscot river, which they improved for
planting, and which retained the name of the Indian planting
ground for many years. The purchasers subsequently used it
for the same purpose.

August 10, 1657, Cleeves douveyed: to John Phillips fifty
acres on the south-west side of the Presumpscot, adjoining the
last falls on that river, and between “said mill falls and Rich-
ard Martin’s land.” On the 3d of May, 1658, he conveyed to
him fifty acres more, ‘adjoining the now dwelling house of said
Phillips ;”’ in the latter deed, Phillips is described “of Casco
Bay millwright.” In 1662, Cleeves confirms to Phillips his
former conveyances, speaking of them as containing two hun-
dred and fifty acres with mill privileges, etc.! Phillips was a
Welchman ;* he had previously lived on Broad bay, in North
Yarmouth, on a place which he sold before 1643, to George
Felt. It is presumed that he purchased the mill privileges be-
fore mentioned for the purpose of pursuing his occupation. He
had made previous purchases there, and Cleeves’ confirmation
speaks of a much larger quantity of land, than the deeds we
have found convey. It is believed that Phillips established on
the Presumpscot river the first mills ever erected there, or in-
deed in any part of the town. In fact, mills were erected on
no other part of that river for many years afterward, and not
until they. were in operation at Capisic, and at Barbary Creek,

1 York Records.
2 Felt’s deposition. York Records.
104 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in Cape Elizabeth. The first notice of mills in this town which
we have met with, is in a deed dated June 8, 1646, in which
is the following recitation: “I John Smith and Joane my wife,
now living at Casko mill, under the government of Mr. George
Cleeves, sell to Richard Bulgar of Boston, all that dwelling
house which said John Smith hath in dowry with his wite Jo-
ane situated in Agamenticus ;” the deed ‘was sealed and de-
livered unto Mr. George Cleeves and Richard Tucker for the
use of Richard Bulgar.”? We know of no place in the town
which unites so many probabilities in favor of the location of
the first mill as the lower falls on the Presumpscot, and there-
fore presume that Smith must have lived near that spot. Ina
description of land at Back Cove, between Fall Brook and the
Presumpscot, accompanied by a survey made in 1687, we find
the land and dwelling house of a John Smith referred to; if
this be the same Smith and the place where he lived in 1646,
we should have no hesitation in determining that the territory
which Smith mentions under the name of “Casko Mill,” was
situated around the lower falls of the Presumpscot. The name
of Smith was as common in the early history of the country as
it is at the present day. Captain John Smith we have before
mentioned as one of our first visitors; another John Smith
was one of the earliest settlers at Saco; he was born in 1612,
and was a carpenter by trade; in 1685, he gave his deposition
in which he described himself as John Smith, Senior, said he
was seventy-three years old, and “forty years agone was mar-
shal under Mr. George Cleeves ;” Thomas Smith and a John
Smith were jurymen in 1640; Richard Smith witnesseth the
possession of Black Point to Cammock, in 1633, and William
Smyth of Black Point, planter, died in March, 1676, aged 88,
having bequeathed his property to his brother Richard of West-
chester, England. The John Smith of Casko Mill, does not
occur again in our records, and we have no means of distin-
guishing him from the numerous others of his name.

3 York Records,
EARLY CONVEYANCES. 105

There were two persons of the name of John Phillips who
frequently appear in our early transactions; one was deacon
John Phillips of Boston, a merchant, whose only daughter,
Mary, married George Munjoy, a distinguished inhabitant of
Falmouth ; he became a large purchaser of land here, although
never a permanent resident; he died in 1683, in Boston. The
other was John Phillips, the millwright, who lived here many
years and until driven away in the Indian war, when he moved
to Kittery, where he died without issue ; he was born in 1607,
and was living in 1684.

We meet with the names of George Ingersoll and Robert
Corbin for the first time in 1657; in 1685, Ingersoll testified
that about twenty-eight years since, Robert Corbin cleared a
parcel of that meadow, called George Lewis’s marsh, about
eight or ten acres or thereabouts, at the north end of said
marsh.’’ Corbin had relatives living in the vicinity of Boston,
and probably himself came from that neighborhood ; a Robert
Corbin is mentioned by Winthrop' as being captain of the
Speedwell, in August, 1637. Our Robert married Lydia, the
daughter either of Richard Martin or of his wife, by her for-
mer husband, Atwell, and lived on a large farm adjoining
.Martin’s on Presumpscot river, until he was killed by the In-
diaus, August 11, 1676.

In the beginning of the next year, 1658, Cleeves made sev-
eral conveyances of land, principally at Back Cove; the deeds
were dated March 25th, the first day of the year* according to
the ancient mode of computation. The first was to Humphrey
Durham of fifty acres, adjoining south-west on Nathaniel Mit-
ton’s land, thence easterly fifty rods by the water side, thence
one hundred and sixty rods north-westerly into the woods; the
next, was to Phineas Rider, of fifty-five acres, extending fifty.
five rods from Durham’s by the water; next, to George Inger-
soll, fifty-five acres extending fifty-five rods adjoining the wa-

1 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 348. * [Annunciation or Lady-day.]

8
106 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ter; next, to Thomas Skillings,* the same quantity and distance
bordering on the cove “home to the bounds of Richard Tuck-
er.”* The consideration of these conveyances respectively, was
a shilling an acre for the land, a yearly rent of twelve pence
and “one day’s work for one man every year for all services
and demands.” The purchasers occupied their respective
grants; but whether they took immediate possession of them
is not known. The grant to Skillings remained many years in
his family. It is believed that Anthony Brackett purchased
the grants of the other three, as his farm is described as ex-
tending to the land of Skillings. In May following (1658)
Cleeves conveyed to his grandchild, Nathaniel Mitton, fifty
acres adjoining the fifty acres formerly granted to his father,
“and so to go toward the north-east by the water side home
to the lot of Humphrey Durham,” also fifty acres at the narrow
of the neck, west of round marsh. The latter parcel, Mitton
sold to Richard Powsland, in 1674, who afterward occupied it ;
of the other, he probably died seized.

In order to bring together the grants and settlements around
Back Cove, we will anticipate a year or two and introduce the
conveyance by Richard Tucker, of the only land on the north-
ern margin of the Cove, which remained at this time wnoccu-
pied. Tucker’s deed was made May 23, 1661, to Thomas
Wakely, Matthew Coe, John Wakely, and Isaac Wakely, all of
Cape Ann; the land is described as follows: “the full quantity
of two hundred acres of upland ground not yet improved, with
the ten acres of meadow, lying and being within two miles or
thereabouts of the said land, which meadow hath formerly been
improved by order of said Tucker. Now know ye that this two
hundred acres of land before expressed, is situate, lying and
being between the lot of George Lewis and Thomas Skillings,
in the place commonly called Back Cove, and where now the said
Lewis and Skillings are inhabited.” These persons constituted
one family; John and Isaac Wakely, were the sons of Thomas,

* [These form part of the present Deering farm at Back Cove.]
EARLY CONVEYANCES. 107

and Mathew Coe married his daughter ; they immediately set-
tled upon their purchase. The line of communication was
now formed around the Cove, and may be traced as follows:
beginning with Michael Mitton, whose fifty acres lay upon the
northerly side of Ware Creek, which passes up from Back Cove ;
next, his son Nathaniel, fifty acres ;_ after him in order, Durham,
fifty acres ; Rider, Ingersoll, and Skillings fifty-five acres each ;
Wakely and company two hundred acres, which extended to
George Lewis’s land on Fall Cove; next, George Lewis, fifty
acres; his son John one hundred acres; then George Lewis’s
first grant of fifty acres on the neck, which from him was called
Lewis’ neck, and is the point which extends south-easterly, form-
ing the northerly side of the passage into Back Cove. Next to
Leawis’s was the grant of two hundred acres to Mosier and Wise
which Wise, in 1658 ,sold to Nathaniel Wallis; and last, Rich-
ard Martin’s land reaching to the mouth of Presumpscot river.
The settlements then turned up the river and spread to the
falls. At this period, 1658, we know of no other persons as oc-
cupants on the westen border of that river than Martin, Corbin,
and Phillips. We thus perceive that Back Cove was soon oc-
cupied, the land having been all taken up along the shore as
early as 1661. The advantages afforded by the marshes in the
cove, and creeks formed by it, were inducements to the settle-
ment of that part of the town; the country was a thick forest,
the cattle and the people could be provided for on the inter-
vales and on the margins of rivers, far more easily than in those
remote from the water.

But Cleeves’s grants were not confined to that part of the
town. On the first of May, 1658, he conveyed to Michael Mit-
ton “all that tract of land on the north-east side of Casco river,
to begin at the now dwelling house of said Mitton, and from
thence down the river to the bounds of Richard Tucker, that
is to say to the marked tree at the great point of rocks, and
thence up the river by the water side, south-westerly, to the
great standing pine tree, marked this day, and from both these
108 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.:

marked trees upon a direct line north-westerly or thereabouts,
home to the Back Cove.” The point of rocks here mentioned
is the one near Robinson’s Wharf, and the tract described in-
cludes that part of the town which lies between Anne Street
and a line drawn east of Judge Parris’s house; nearly all the
land is now held under this title, part by some of the Brackett
family, who are descendants of Mitton, and the remainder by
conveyances from them, Nathaniel Mitton and Thaddeus Clark,
who married a daughter of Mitton. On the 15th of May, of
the same year, Cleeves sold Hog Island to Thomas Kimball, a
merchant of Charlestown, who sold it in 1663, to Edward Tyng
of Boston, for twenty-five pounds sterling, under whom it is
now held. On the 26th of September, 1659, Cleeves sold his
homestead, including all the land east of Clay Cove, “together
with all the woods and underwoods and timber trees growing
thereon, and all his house and housing, cornfield and gardens,”
to John Phillips of Boston, and also round marsh at the nar-
row of the Neck; his wife Joane, executed the conveyance,
and August 15th, of the next year, Tucker consented to the
sale as follows: “I Richard Tucker, do consent to the sale of
Mr. George Cleeves, made to Mr. Phillips for the point of land
within expressed, and do also consent that Mr. Phillips shall
go from the cove next to Mr. Cleeves’s cornfield right over upon
a strait line to the Back Cove, or bay towards George Lewis’s
lot, which is some part of the lands belonging to me, the said
Tucker.’’** Phillips permitted Cleeves and his wife to improve
the house and corn field during their lives; the remainder of
the property was immediately occupied by George Munjoy, the
son-in-law of Phillips, who moved from Boston this year, and

1 In 1752, Josiah Wallis testified that he saw the stump of the pine tree men-
tioned as the south-west bound of Mitton’s land, with some of the notches on
it, and the remainder of the tree lying upon the bank. _He had seen the tree
standing in 1680. Deposition.— York Records.

2 Original manuscript in my possession.
109

EARLY CONVEYANCES.

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110 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

erected a framed house a few rods east of Cleeves’s, which be-
came his residence until the destruction of the settlement in
1676. The eastern part of this tract is held at the present day
under this title by mesne conveyances from the heirs of Mrs.
Munjoy, the western part she relinquished to the government
in 1681.

On the 31st of May, 1660, Cleeves conveyed to Hope Allen
of Boston, the upper extremity of the Neck, by the following
description, “four hundred acres lying together, being part up-
land and part meadow, bounded with a river called Casco river,
south-easterly, with the land of Ann Mitton and James Andrew
westerly, and so to run down the river four hundred poles, and
to run into the woods eightscore poles, until the said four hun-
dred acres be fully completed.” The deed was acknowledged
before Governor Endicott of Massachusetts, June 8, 1661, and
possession given June 3, 1662. Part of this large tract ex-

1 The original deed on parchment is in my p ssession. *

* (The following words and signatures are fac-similes from this document.
BSrovg! A Lowe
: ZT. George Lewis,
$p8 muy k his mark.
4

 

On the back of this deed is the confirmation of Tucker, attested by Robert
Howard, a Notary Public who lived in Boston, in 1660, and died 1688, with the
signature of the time honored Recorder of York County, Edward Rishworth ,
EARLY CONVEYANCES. lil

tending from Michael Mitton’s land to round marsh, is held
under this title at the present day ; Hope Allen bequeathed it to
his son Edward, and Edward sold all but fifty acres to George
Bramhall, November 18, 1678, who dying seized of it in 1689,
it descended to his children, whose descendants conveyed their
title to William Vaughan. Bramhall’s hill within the grant
received its name from the first occupant.

The name of Anthony Brackett occurs for the first time in
our history, as a witness of the delivery of possession under
this deed in 1662, and the name has ever since been connected
with the affairs of the town through a numerous posterity, de-
scendants of Anthony and his brother Thomas.

These are all the conveyances we find from George Cleeves
within the territory claimed by him under grants from Gorges
and Rigby, and in fact they cover all the land which at that
time was eligible for cultivation and settlement, except the
tract lying on the Neck between the rocky point near Robin-
son’s Wharf and Clay Cove; and although one hundred acres
of this were conveyed by Cleeves to Nicholas Bartlett in 1651,
Richard Tucker sold the whole, estimated in the deed as con-
taining four hundred acres to Mr. Cad of Boston, on or about

 

who married a daughter of the Rev. John Wheelwright, and was many years
highly respected as a magistrate in the province of Maine.

CR kad Turk
sn feoest e Sets Vrbabod

Robart Woolas Nok. pO?
Fw: Aw Garth Re:(ee:
112 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the year 1662.”'* Thus it appears that as early as 1662, Cleeves
and Tucker had conveyed away all their title to lands upon the
neck, now Portland, and also in all other parts of their exten-
sive grant, which were capable of improvement by the limited
population which at this time occupied the territory.

We will now briefly notice the conveyances which were carly
made in other parts of the town. It will be recollected that in
1635, Arthur Macworth received a grant from Richard Vines;
acting under the authority of Gorges, of five hundred acres of
land on the east side of Presumpscot river at its mouth, togeth-
er with the island adjacent; Macworth died possessed of this
tract in 1657, and his widow divided it among her children ;
March 28, 1658, she conveyed “to Francis Neale of Casco, who
married her daughter,’ one hundred acres adjoining his dwell-
ing house, and part of the marsh on the north-west side of Scit-
terygusset creek, and the same day she conveyed another tract to
Nathaniel Wharff, the husband of her eldest daughter, Rebecca;
in 1666 she conveyed the island, fifty-six acres of land, to Abra-
ham Adams, who married her daughter Sarah; and in 1674, to
her son James Andrews,‘a large farm on the bay, east of the
point. These persons occupied their respective grants for a
number of years; Wharff died here before the Indian troubles,
leaving a widow and one son at least; Neale’s house was near
Scitterygusset creek ; he moved to Salem in 1675, to avoid the
dangers of the war, and never returned ;* Adams, Andrews, and

1 Michael Hodge’s deed to Phineas Jones, 1727.

* [We know nothing of this Mr. Cad. There were several persons in Water-
town, Hingham, and other places in Massachusetts by the name of Cade or Cady,
but it never existed in this town.]

2 Part of this tract was occupied by the Jones family, whose ancestor Nathan-
jel, came from Worcester County, Massachusetts. It is now owned by Capt.
Samuel Moody, 1831. [Since that date, it has changed hands several times and
is now owned in part, by the heirs of Moody, J. W. Dana, of Portland, who
has a summer residence there, and several others.]

*([Neale died in Salem, 1696, leaving a widow and son Samuel. His eldest
son, Francis, died in 1693. Thomas Wharff, a descendant of Nathaniel and Re-
becca Wharff, died in New Gloucester, February 18, 1864, aged 94.]
EARLY CONVEYANCES. 113

their mother at the commencement of the war of 1675, went to
Boston, where she soon after died. Several other persons in a
few years settled upon this side of the river, and carried their
improvements as high up as the falls; of these the first in or-
der from the mouth of the river, was Jenkin Williams, who
lived above Scitterygussett creek; next above him was John
Wakely’s plantation, fronting upon the river about three quar-
ters of a mile below the falls; above this was Humphrey Dur-
ham’s farm, which was probably the highest upon that side of
the river. Williams came here before 1667, and continued
until 1675, when he moved to Salem, and did not return ; John
Wakely was the son of Thomas, he came here in 1661; Dur-
ham is first mentioned under the year 1658, as a purchaser of
land at Back Cove; when he moved to the east side of the river
we are not able to ascertain.

On the 14th of August, 1672, Jenkin Williams, George Felt,
and Francis Neale purchased of the Indians, Nanaadionit and
Wavaad Button, a large tract of land on the north-east side of
the Presumpscot river, beginning at the eastern end of the
mile square, which Munjoy bought of the Indians in 1666, and
extending along by the river “to within fourscore poles of
John Wakely’s now dwelling house,” and six miles back from
the river. The eldest son of George Felt sold his father’s
part of this tract to David Phippen in 1690, and Neale and
Williams afterward conveyed theirs to the same person.

The mile square referred to, was conveyed by Cunnateconett
and Warrabita, to George Munjoy, June 4, 1666, and is de-
scribed as a mile square at Ammoncongan, beginning at the
great falls, (Saccarappa,) and extending down the river to the
lowest part of the town planting ground, and from these two
points into the woods until a mile is completed.’ This tract,
Munjoy’s widow and son George, sold to Thomas Cooper of
Boston, April 5, 1692, from whom it passed by mesne convey-
ances into the hands of Brigadier Waldo, under whose heirs it

is now held.
1 Original deed, see Appendix No. vii.
114 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

We have been thus particular in noticing the conveyances
of land on the north side of Casco river, because they form the
basis of many titles at the present day, and enable us to fix the
localities of the first settlers with a degree of certainty other-
wise unattainable. On the south side of the river, Robert
Jordan was chief proprietor, and the lands there are principally
held under his grants at this time. His earliest conveyances
were to Joseph Phippen, Sampson Penley, Robert and Thomas
Staniford, Ralph Turner, and some others along the northern
part of Cape Elizabeth; but he retained possession of Spur-
wink and nearly all the southern part containing the marshes
and the most valuable land, for his own family. He was not
however content with the large territory over which his title
was undisputed, but struggled for many years to extend his
domain as far north as the Presumpscot river. This involved
him in quarrels with Cleeves and his tenants, which continued
during his life. In pursuance of his plan, Jordan, in 1657,
procured in the first place of Richard Tucker, authority to oc-
cupy land about the falls of Presumpscot river, expressed as
follows: “September 11, 1657, I Richard Tucker, do authorize
Mr. Robert Jordan to make use of land adjoining to the falls of
Casco river above Mrs. Macworth’s, and there to erect saw-mills,
if he thinks expedient. York 5.5. 59, (July 5, 1659,) Mr.
Tucker being in court confessed this to be his act.’! Having ob-
tained this color of title, he next endeavors to obtain possession
by consent of the inhabitants, and for this purpose makes an in-
sinuating appeal to their interest in the following address to
them. “June 28, 1658. To the inhabitants of Casco Bay have
presented— Whereas your neighbor Robert Jordan and others,
out of regard to the public good and for the reconciling of trade
in these parts, have endeavored and assayed to erect a saw-mill
at their great charge, all or the most whereof hitherto hath
come to remediless damage through some obstruction, and a

1 York Records.
JORDAN’S CLAIM AND QUARREL WITH CLEEVES. 115

death put upon our work and design; the said Jordan doth to
you hereby declare that as he resolveth he in himself hath a
right and privilege to and in the place for the erection of such
a work; but in such case as it shall be made duly and legally
appear, the said right and privilege to be invalid, then the said
Jordan hath a right and privilege there by consent and allow-
ance of Mr. Richard Tucker, under his hand to such right he
pretendeth to or may have there also, ye said Jordan by virtue
of a covenant made with John Phillips, hath a right and privi-
lege to and in said place, for erection of said mills in reference
to the pretension of a right there from Mr. Cleeves, by virtue
of a contract made with him; all which being not now to be
disputed: the said Jordan desireth you in regard of present
desolation we stand in, that you would, as you see cause and
reason, by your subscription, declare whether the said Jordan
may have or hath your free consent and allowance to go on
and perfect the said work, and fall timber for the work and
effects thereof, with other conveniences, in peaceful manuer,
without violence or opposition, rendering himself willingly sat-
isfaction to such person or persons in future, who can or shall
justly make it appear they are or have been unduly injured
by his so doing, or otherwise you would declare your reason-
able exception: presented by me, Robert Jordan. Consented
to by us, Robert Corbin, Thomas Grienly, John Sares, Thomas
Hains, Francis Neale, Michael Mitton, Nathaniel Wallis,
Nicholas White, William Ryall, Jane Macworth, Thomas Mor-
rice, James Andrews, Gyles Sete Richard Martin, Samp-
son Penley, Joseph Phippen.’”!

Mitton, the son-in-law of Cleeves, who here appears to sanc-
tion the pretensions of Jordan, had probably had some misun-
derstanding with Cleeves, and joined the party of Jordan. ty
appears by the records of next year, that he was a witness
against Phippen, who was presented for “breeding a disturb-

1 York Records.
116 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ance in town meeting by flinging Mr. Jordan’s votes on the
ground,” and at the same court, a witness with Jordan and
Neale, against his father-in-law who was presented for denying
to vote for magistrates, and for saying, if the people would vote
for Mrs. Clarke to be a witch, he would vote. It also appears
that Mitton, in 1660, executed to Jordan a release of all his
interest in lands in Falmouth, in consideration of a confirma-
tion from Jordan of the title to land conveyed to him by
Cleeves.

The controversy between Cleeves and Jordan was carried
into the first court, which appears to have been held in the
county after the submission of Falmouth and Scarborough to
the authority of Massachusetts. This was on the 4th of July,
1659. The first action was brought by Cleeves against Jordan
for breach of the arbitration bond entered into by Cleeves and
John Winter in 1640, by which they bound themselves in the
sum of one thousand pounds, to abide the award of referees on
the subject of the disputed title to lands. This action was
withdrawn. At the same court Cleeves entered another action
against Jordan, “for making demands of certain lands pur-
chased by great sums of money, and possessed by order of
former grants these twenty-seven years.’ This action called
forth proof of the original title, and Jordan introduced the
certificate of part of the judges who tried the action in 1640,
between Cleeves and Winter, taken soon after that trial, of
which the following is an extract: “That which Mr. Cleeves
and the jury took for Casco river to be but a creek into which
we saw but one little brook to run, but the other which Mr.
Trelawny takes for Casco river to be the river, it hath its issue
out of a great pond named Sabadock: the river is of a reasona-
ble depth and breadth, by the relation of the ancient inhabi-
tants and natives, ever to have been called Casco river.”” This
is signed by Thomas Gorges, Henry Jocelyn, and Richard
Vines. Jordan also introduced the deposition of Roger Willine,
taken December 7, 1658, in which he says that “about twenty-
JORDAN’S CLAIM AND QUARREL WITH CLEEVES. 117

one or twenty-two years agone, he helped to row up the river,
which runneth by Mrs. Jane Maeworth’s to ye falls called
Casco falls, Mr. Richard Vines, Mr. Arthur Maeworth, Mr.
John Winter, Mr. Henry Abilie, with divers others whom he
hath forgotten, where he saw Mr. Richard Vines deliver unto
Mr. John Winter, possession of the lands and falls there, by
turf and twig.” On the other hand, Cleeves relied upon his
deeds and possession ; but the jury found for Jordan. Jordan
also recovered judgment against him in an action of debt for
ten pounds ten shillings.

Cleeves attributed his ili success in the county court to the
fact that Jordan himself was one of the judges; he therefore
sought redress by petition to the general court. His memorial
is as follows:

‘To the honored General Court, assembled and setting in
Boston this 24, 3mo. 1661. (May 24, 1661.)

“The humble petition of George Cleeves, of Falmouth. Gent.
humbly sheweth,

“That your petitioner hath oe and yet is greatly wronged
and oppressed by Mr. Robert Jordan, not only in laying claime
unto all my lands which I have purchased at very deare rates ;
but by forewarning of my tenants that are, and hindering oth-
ers that would be, although I have had after purchase, posses-
sion for these twenty-seven years or thereabouts: by means
whereof the populating of the town of Falmouth is much hin-
dered to the great loss and detriment of your petitioner and
considerable hindrance to the country; and least I should quietly
enjoy my just rights, he hath for two years together now past,
or thereabouts, continually vexed your petitioner (as he hum-
bly does conceive and hopes to prove) with unnecessary suites
in law in severall courts, whereby he hath soe farr misinformed
severall courts, as your petitioner hopes to prove, as that pre-
vailing, he hath almost, and if help and redresse fayle, is in a
faire way utterly to ruin your humble petitioner and his for-
ever. The particulars whereof are too large to trouble the
118 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

honored court with in this sort. And therefore your humble
petitioner doth humbly beseech the honored court to consider
the premisses, and either to admit audience of your petitioner’s
declaration in the court in generall, or else to grant a commit-
tee to heare what he hath to say, that soe your oppressed peti-
tioner may have some relief in his great suffering.

“Your most humble petitioner doth humbly intreat the hon-
ered court to ponder the premisses, and grant your petitioner
such relief as in your wisdomes you shall see meet, and your
petitioner humbly craving leave, praying for a blessing of God
upon you and your administrations, subscribe myself yours.’”!

The return upon this petition is as follows: “The petitioner
appeared before the committee ; but Mr. Jordan, against whom
he complains, was not present,” the committee therefore recom-
mend that a day be appointed for a hearing of the case, of
which Mr Jordan should have legal notice, or else that a com-
mittee should be appointed in those parts to examine into the
facts and make report.

It is probable that nothing effectual for Cleeves was done un-
der this petition, for we find him appealing again next year to.
the general court, against the injurious treatment of Jordan,
in a tone of the deepest distress and humility. This document
preserves some interesting facts, and containing the language
of our primitive settler on a subject immediately connected
with our soil, we cannot omit and feel unwilling to abridge it:
It is as follows:

“The Declaration of George Cleeves or his Bill of complaint
against Mr. Robert Jordan, of Falmouth, in the county of York.

Imp. Mr. Robert Jordan, at the county court of York, held
in the moneth of July in the year 1659, did mike a sute
against me for a debt not properly myne, but so pretended and
recorded against me to the value of ten pounds ten shillings,
and costs of court. To the which that he had no just ground

1 Massachusetts Files.
JORDAN’S CLAIM AND QUARREL WITH CLERVES. 119

of sute against me, I make appeare as followeth: Although I
acknowledge that I did receive of him to the value of ten
pounds, yet it was not on my own account, but on the generall
account of the townes of Falmouth and Scarborough, in the
county of York aforesaid, I being appointed by them to ap-
peare at the general court in their behalf, And my charges
appointed by them to be borne, in part whereof I received
the before named sum of ten pounds. And Mr. Jordan him-
self did ingage to pay his proportion of the charges, and to
supply me while I was at the court, as I can by evidence make
appeare.

Secondly, in an action by me entered and prosecuted against
him at the same court for unjust claimes by him laid to my
lands and wrongfull interruption and hindrance of my rents
and himself being an Associate of that court, I was cast as I
conceive wrongfully in that action and the costs of court found
against me, which I also for further clearing refer to testimony.

Thirdly, Mr. Robert Jordan having recovered the said ac-
tions against me, takes forth executions against me for it, as
also for the cost of court aforesaid, all which with charges of
extending did amount unto the sum of seventeen pounds or
thereabouts, as appears by the constable’s testimony, who lev-
ied it on my house and household goods and cow.

Fourthly, Mr. Robert Jordan having soe recovered and ex-
tended as aforesaid, nothwithstanding did not then expel me,
my house, nor tooke possession of it, but tooke my word and en-
gagement to pay him the just sum due to him by virtue of the
said judgements, which accordingly I did pay unto him. Not-
withstanding which, I having given him under my hand, that
the house and goods should remaine as his till the sum were
paid. And though I had paid it fully, yet at a court of Asso-
ciates in March last, (himself being one of the Associates,) he
sues me again for delivery of my house, goods, and cow, and
recovered against me and hath taken them from me and holds
120 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

them, the house being prised but at eight pounds, which but a
little before cost me sixty pounds.

Fifthly, Mr. Jordan at the former court of that county afore-
said, (which I should have minded before,) after he had cast
me in the action of interruption aforesaid, did under pretence
of law sue me in an action of molestation, because I recovered
not the action against him, though it was a just action, which
I prosecuted, but himself being of that court, I was cast five
pounds again in that action, and he not being therewith con-
tented, demands of me fifteen pounds’ alleging that the law
gives treble damages in such cases, which I conceive I shall
make appear to the Honorable Court to be a very unjust and in-
jurious thing.

Siathly, At the same court of Associates in March last, hav-
ing again recovered my house, cow, Bed and Bolster and bed
clothes, my brewing kettle, pott and other goods, obtains an
execution directed to the constables Deputy to possess him, the
said Jordan, of the said house and goods, and commanded the
constables Deputy (being his own creture) to throw out all my
other goods, as apparel, chests, trunks, and provisions out of
doors, who so acted to the spoyling and breaking of many of my
things, and whereby I lost mnch of my goods and writings and
apparel of my wife’s, and many other things, to my damage more
than one hundred pounds sterling. And more to vex and grieve
me, he brought with him one of his own men (to assist the
constable’s Deputy) who was, starke drunke, taking my kettle
and pott, being full of worte for beere, ready to tun up, and
threw it about the house, and carried away the said kettle and
poct and detaineth them to this day, being contrary to the law
in such cases provided; and further to increase my griefe, he
requested his drunken man and Deputy constable to go into my
wife’s chamber where she was laid on her bed and very sick,
who in a Barbarous manner pulls her from off her bed and takes
her bedd from under her, and the bed clothing and carries all
JORDAN’S CLAIM AND QUARREL WITH CLEEVES. 121

away, my wife being no less than fourscore and seven years of
age, and all this done after a warrant of Attachment was serv-
ed upon the said house, goods, and cow, by the said Deputy
constable under the hand of Mr. Edward Rishworth, one of the
Associates, requiring the said house and goods to be responsi-
ble to answer my action of review to be tried at the next court
of Associates, where (in truth) I have but small hopes of good
success in my sutes against him, he being one of them, and
one that Bouldly said, let them, if they durst, find anything
against him: My suspicion being the greater for that I proved
at the last court, that I had paid Mr. Jordan twenty pounds
towards the two executions to purchase my peace for the pres-
ent, until I might by some review or complaint, redress my
wrong, for which I had no allowance by any order of court,
Albeit the two first executions came but to fifteen pounds ten
shillings, besides what I paid the constable for fees and other
charges as appeareth by the constable’s testimony, soe that Mr.
Jordan detained from me wrongfully my goods and two cows,
being all the cattle I had for my subsistence for the present,
and hath proferred to sell my house to any that would buy it,
and all this of purpose to starve and ruin me and my family.
All which I hope this Honorable Court will duly consider and
order my reparations. | GEORGE CLEEVES.”

“The Deputies conceive in answer to this petition, that the
county court of York next are hereby ordered to examine the
grounds of these complaints exhibited against Mr. Jordan, and
proceed therein as they shall judge meet according to lawes
here established.”’ :

This order was entered at the October session in 1662, at
which the petition was probably presented; but what was the
final result of the complaint, the records do not disclose, Jor-
dan, Jocelyn, and others, before the next court, had seceded
from the authority of Massachusetts and set up a jurisdiction
under Ferdinando Gorges, the grandson of Sir Ferdinando, who,

9
122 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

after the restoration of Charles II., had procured from the
king a favorable notice of his title, and letters to the inhabi-
tants, requiring them to submit to his government.

These representations would make it appear that Cleeves’s
fortune was at this time at alow ebb; he seems to have been
deprived of property and friends, and was living to behold him-
self turned out of the last acre of the large domain of which.
he was once the owner, and over which he formerly ruled. But
the circumstances show that his case was not so piteous as he
would represent it. It appears that he was chosen one of the
commissioners of the town in 1659 and 1662; and in 1663 and
1664 he was the deputy from Falmouth to the general court.
He probably would not have been noticed in this manner, had
his affairs been so desperate as they appear in his own repre-
sentations. There was a strong party undoubtedly against
him; he had made himself unpopular, partly perhaps by the
violence of his temper, and partly by the zeal with which he
pursued his landed interests. It appears by the record of the
county court in 1659, that at the same time that he sued Jor-
dan for disturbing his possession, he brought actions against
Francis Small for presuming to build and settle on his land,
und felling timber without his leave, and against John Phillips
for trespass. ‘These suits probably related to land which the
defendants claimed under Indian deeds at Capisic ; Cleeves
was unsuccessful in them both. At the same court he was
sued by Thomas Elbridge, who lived at Pemaquid, in two ac-
tions, one for defamation, the other for assault and battery.
In the first case, the jury returned a verdict against him for
fifty pounds, and also that he should make an acknowledge-
ment of his offense when the court shall appoint ; which the
court ordered to be in presence of the court and at Casco the
next public town meeting. He was also presented for denying
to vote for magistrates, ete. These contradictory circumstan-
ces, appointments to public office, and open condemnation in
court, indicate a most unsettled state of society, if they do not
JORDAN’S CLAIM AND QUARREL WITH CLEEVES. 123

on the whole leave a shade upon the character of Cleeves
And the inference cannot be resisted, that a state of party ex-
isted here at that time as virulent and bitter as has been wit-
nessed in any subsequent stage of our history.
CHAPTER IV.

INHABITANTS PETITION THE GENERAL COURT AGAINST THE CLAIMS OF CLEEVES AND JORDAN—PETITION
OF THE FREEMEN TO THE GENERAL COURT—ISLANDS BELONGING TO FALMoUTH—NEW SeEtTLars, MuN-
Joy, WAKELY, CoE, BRACKETT, CLARKE, FeLt, CLOISE, ETC.—MutTTon’s DEATH.

While the large proprietors were contending for the title to
the lands lying between the Presumpscot and Fore rivers, the
tenants and other inhabitants were not free from trouble
attendant upon the controversy. In 1660, a part of the in-
habitants sought the aid of government to protect them from the
inconvenience which arose from these conflicting claims, and at
the May session of the general court, they presented the fol-
lowing petition which sets forth their grievances.

“To the Honorable General Courte now assembled at Boston,
30 May, 1660, the humble petition of some of the distressed
inhabitants of the town of Falmouth.

“The humble desire of your poore petitioners hoping that
you will take it into serious consideration, our present condition
that we stand in, in respecte, of the pretended patenes and
clames that Mr. Robert Jordan and Mr. George Cleeves laies
clame to, so that much trouble cometh to us, suing men to
Cortes, as witnes the many sutes and actions at Cortes and are
still goen on against us and other tretened against, so that we
are much destracted in our afares and know not what we shall
doe in thes our trobeles, only our prayers are to God and you,
PETITIONS TO THE GENERAL COURT. 125

that you would be pleased to consider our condition and des-
tractions that we are in, and that it will be the overthrow of
thes hopeful beginenes that is amongs us. God begun to an-
swer our prayers, and to send us a faithful dispenser of the
word to us, for which we desire to bles God for and we hope
shall enjoy, if these destractions doe not discourage him, there-
fore our oumbell request is to this onered assemblie that you
would be pleased to take into it consideration our present condi-
tion, for if that Mr. Jordan’s paten and claim hould with Mr.
Cleeves, the town is overthrown and noe man shall enjoy what
he hath labored uppon and_ possessed, unless it be uppon ther
terms, and at ther wills and pleasures, but we hope that we
shall injoy our priveleges and town affairs with the rest of the
towns in the jurisdiction, thes not to trobele your oners noe
farther, but leave the case to God and you, hoping for a com-
fortable answer, We remain yours in all faithfulness. George
Ingersoll, George Lues, (Lewis,) Joseph Phippen, Nathaniel
Wallis, Thomas Cellen, (Skillin,) Houmphry Durham, John
Walles, Nicholas Wite, Phinehas Rider.’”!

What was the result of this petition does not appear; it is
probable that the contentions referred to had the effect, as
Cleeves suggested in his memorial, not only of preventing per-
sons from entering upon his grant, but even of driving from
the debatable ground some of those who had already settled
upon it. Of the above petitioners, who it would seem all lived
upon the disputed territory, four of them at least, removed
from it to other parts of the town, viz: Phippen, Durham,
White, and Rider. The petitioners include all the inhabitants
on that territory, except Martin, Corbin, Phillips, Munjoy, and
Cleeves’s family. Munjoy seems to have bought his peace with
Jordan, by taking a deed from him of ten acres on the Neck,
“near unto the now dwelling house of Mr. George Cleeves ;”
Jordan warranted the title against the claims of Trelawny and

1 Massachusetts Files.
126 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

all other persons; the deed is dated August 24, 1560.* The
next day, mutual releases passed between Jordan and Michael
Mitton, relative to land upon the Neck ;' by these, it would
seem that Munjoy and Mitton were willing to admit that Jor-
dan either had title or a color of title on this side of the river.

Although in practice we are confident that Jordan never oc-
cupied any territory north of Fore river under the Trelawny
title; yet this unhappy controversy, so vexatious to the inhab-
itants and productive of so much evil to the parties themselves,
was never determined by a judgment of court. While it was
raging at its highest point, a temporary separation took place
from the government of Massachusetts, during which the feeble
administration of the laws, and the balanced state of parties
prevented, we may presume, a judicial investigation of the
subject; and when the jurisdiction of Massachusetts was again
restored, Cleeves was probably dead. The Indian troubles soon
after commenced, in which Jordan fled never to return ; after
that time we hear no more of the controversy, until the reset-
tlement in 1718, when Jordan’s grandchildren revived the
claim ; it was finally adjusted in 1729, by compromise with the
town of Falmouth, when Dominicus Jordan released, for a grant
of two hundred acres, all title “from himself, his heirs, and all
and every other Jordan whatsoever” in any land “between the
rivers.’”

* [The original is in my possession, from which the annexed fac-similes of at-
- . . ~
testation and signature are taken.]

hs, Fiatsind of $ALI olbo
By mat Robart gy dw

1 York Records.
* Town Records.

yadda
PETITIONS TO THE GENERAL COURT. 127

Soon after the jurisdiction of Massachusetts was established,
the inhabitants of the town undertook to exercise ownership
over some part of the lands claimed by Cleeves. Nor was
he the only one of the large proprietors who was exposed
to injury from the effects of Agrarian law, which the people
ssemed disposed to adopt. Complaints were made to govern-
mont in 1630, by Cleeves, and large land-holders in Saco,
John Bonighton, Richard Foxwell, and William Phillips, ‘‘crav-
ing the help of the court for settling their respective interests
and possesssions in the east parts of this jurisdiction.” The
general court appointed a committee to repair to Saco, and in-
vestigate the facts. This committee adjusted the controversy
between Phillips and the inhabitants of Saco, and recommended
that a division should be made of the Bonighton patent ;
they thus close their report: “And as for the complaint of Mr.
George Cleeves, when we were at Saco attending the general
court’s before mentioned order. His writings and evidences
were not present, therefore we can make no certain return
thereof, but judge meet, The townsmen of Falmouth be or-
dered not to dispose of any lands, which are within the bound-
aries of the patents or grants of the said Mr. George Cleeves
until this court take further order therein ;’’ dated October 25,
1660.1

The terms on which Cleeves lived with a part of the inhabi-
tants, may be gathered from a petition which they sent to the
general court about this time ; it has no date, but internal evi-
dence fixes it upon this period: “To the Honorable General
Court of the Massachusetts, or whom els it shall or may concern,
the humble petition of divers inhabitants and freemen of Fal-
mouth, humbly sheweth,

“That whereas there hath been a sad contention in these parts
concerning government, Your petitioners most of them living
upon their labour, and desirous rather to live in peace and

1 York Records.
128 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

learne to be obedient and submit to what government it shall
please the Lord and our sovereign to appoint over us, than to
contend or determine who our governors shall be, yet there
hath latelie certaine men appeared in our names att ye Honor-
' .able General Court, and as we are informed, presented a peti-
tion which was without our consents or knowledge, for had ye
government been settled and that we could have acted with
freedom of spiritt wee would never have dishonoured the Hon-
orable General Court with men of such lives and conversa-
tions, as are first George Cleeves, who is upon record for breach
of oath and accused of forgery. Mr. Phippen not many days
before his departure was beating and drawing of ye blood of
his Majestie’s subjects and stands upon record for slandering ye
deputie governor and was always a man of contention and
strife since he came in our parts. John Phillips hath acknowl-
edged himself guilty of keeping a woman which is none of his
wife this fourteen years. These men cam in your names and
exercise authoritie over us with many soare threatenings,
wherefore our humble request is, That if itt please the Lord to
continue us still under your government, you would be pleased
to grant us the liberty that other of his Majestie’s subject have,
and you by Article granted, yt is freedom to vote for our offi-
cers and not such men imposed upon us, and we shall ever
pray, &c. Francis Neale, Jane Macworth, widdow, Nathaniel
Wharfe, Robert Sandford, Sampson Penley, Francis Small,
Richard Martin, George Felt, Thomas Sandford, John Winter,
Robert Corbin, James Andrews, Benja. Hatwell, John Cloyes,
Edw.” (This last name I cannot decipher.) Then follows,
“There is butt twelve or thirteen freemen in our towne accord-
ing to ye Article of freemen in our submission to ye govern-
ment, six of whom have subscribed hereunto, and five voted
for governor and other officers, yet there are several who say
they are free, butt we know it note, and most of us would have
TITLES TO ISLANDS IN FALMOUTH. 129

voted if we had had warrants as formerlie, to command us so
to doe.’”!

In 1664, Cleeves made the following explanation relative to
his grants: “Whereas I George Cleeves, of Falmouth, Gent.,
have by virtue of a patent granted from Sir Ferdinando Gor-
ges, and also from Alexander Rigby, granted several parcels
thereof unto sundry men as per deeds given under my hand
appeareth, and the bounds in said deeds are to run from the
water side north-west. Now to prevent any mistakes in any
of the said bounds and any future trouble among neighbors,
it is therefore hereby declared my intent is and ever was when
I granted any of said lands that the bounds should be north-
west as direct as may be, excepting the Back Cove grants are
to run a little more westerly, to run right up the country to
those bounds there, and all other though expressed north-west-
erly, according to sea affairs, yet I meant, and is the true in-
tent, according to the husbandman’s account, who knows but
eight points of the compass, which this north-westerly or north-
west is one, and this I do assert to be a truth, as witness my
hand this 12th day of April, 1664, by me, George Cleeves.’’?

We will now briefly notice the titles to some of the islands
within the limits of ancient Falmouth. The names are Clap-
board, Chebeag, Jewell’s, Long, Peak’s, Green, Bangs’, Hog,
Cow, House, Marsh, Overset, Mackey’s, Ram, and Richmond’s.®

1 Massachusetts State Files.
2 York Records.

3 The ancient names of some of the islands have been preserved, as Ciapvoard,
Chebeag, Jewell’s, Long, Hog, Cow, and House; Chebeag was sometimes called
Chebaccho, and Jewell’s, Donnell’s island, from Henry Donnell, an ancient occu-
pant and owner, who went from York. Mackey’s is a corruption of Macworth,
and derived its name from its first occupant. Peak’s was originally called by
the English, Pond Island; Cleeves gave it the name of Michael, when he in 1637
conveyed it to Michael Mitton ; after it passed into Munjoy’s possession it bore
his name; his son-in-law, Palmer, after the decease of Munjoy, occupied it and
gave it his name. To whom it owes its present appellation, Iam unable to say ;
it is however at least coeval with thename of Palmer. Bangs’ Island was orig -
130 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

We find no early conveyance of the lower Clapboard Island;
nor are we able to say by whom or how early it was occupied ;
it contains about thirty acres, and. lies about a mile from the
shore, near the eastern line of Falmouth; it was granted by
the town to Mrs. Munjoy in 1681, as part compensation of land
taken from her on the Neck for the use of the inhabitants.'
The upper Clapboard is in Cumberland, and was. very early
occupied by Thomas Drake and his grantees. There are two
islands in the Bay called Chebeag, distinguished by the addi-
tion Great and Little; the latter only belongs to our limits,
the former isin Cumberland. Great Chebeag contains some-
thing over two thousand acres, the other about one hundred
and eighty. In early grants they are not distinguished; the
first conveyance of either of them which we find, is from
Cleeves to Walter Merry, September, 18, 1650; this grant is
referred to by Danforth in a deed to Edmund White of Lon-
don, in 1685, in which he recites that ““George Cleeves, Gent.,
Deputy President of the province of Ligonia in New England,
by order of Alexander Rigby, Esq., sergeant at law, and one of
the Barons of the Exchequer in the kingdom of England, did
grant unto Walter Merry of Boston, all that small island in’
Casco bay commonly called Chebeag, and now by the name of
Merry’s Island.’ Whether this conveyance refers to the large
or small island, we cannot precisely ascertain; it would seem
to be Great Chebeag, from the fact that president Danforth,

1 So say the depositions of Wallis and Lane, but the statement is doubtful.

2 The same island by the description of Chebeag or Merry’s Island, was con-
veyed by Robert Thornton of Canton, in New Plymouth, to Josiah Willes of
Boston, October 8, 1675.

 

inally called Portland, it is so named in Hubbard. as is also the point opposite
on which the light-house stands; and the passage between them was called
Portland sound; the island afterward received the name of Andrews’ Island
from James Andrews, who owned that and Ram Island lying near it; for its pres-
ent name, it is indebted to Joshua Bangs, its modern owner, who came here
from Cape Uod, and died in 1761.
TITLES TO ISLANDS IN FALMOUTH. 13

in 1682, granted Little Chebeag to Silvanus Davis, which re-
mained in his possession many years. It cannot be supposed
that Danforth so soon as three years afterward would have
conveyed the same island to another, July 12, 1680, Domini-
cus, Samuel, and Jeremiah Jordan, sons of Robert Jordan,
conveyed to Walter Gendall, six hundred and fifty acres on
Great Chebeag, which his administrator, Theodosius Moore,
who married Gendall’s widow, claimed under a resolve of Mas-
sachusetts.!. This tract was on the eastern side of the island,
where improvements had been made. It had probably been
used as a stage for fishermen, for which purpose it was advan-
tageously situated. In 1683, the government of Massachusetts
granted or confirmed to Richard Wharton, six hundred and
fifty acres on the western side of the island, which his admin-
istrator, Ephraim Savage conveyed to the deacons of the first
church in Boston, for the use of the poor, and which they
claimed, calling the island Chebeag, or Recompense Island.
This latter name, however, it did not retain. In 1743, it was
owned by the first church in Boston and Col. Thomas West-
brook, and in that year Westbrook’s half was set off on execu-
tion to Samuel and Cornelius Waldo, as was Little Chebeag, |
also belonging to Westbrook and Waldo, and derived by them
from the legatees of Silvanus Davis.*

1 The legislature of Massachusetts, on the 7th of March, 1700, passed a re-
solve appointing ‘‘a committee to receive and examine the claims of all proprie-
tors of lands and of such as challenge propriety, in any of the lands lying with-
in this province to the eastward of the town of Wells, laid waste by the late war.”
In 1697, an act had been passed for quieting possessions which limited all ac-
tions for lands east of the Piscatayua to five years after the termination of the
Indian war then pending. In 1715, this provision was extended five years ; the
additional act provided ‘‘that there shall be a further time of five years, from
the last of this instant, July, 1715, allowed all persons to pursue their right and
claim, to’any houses and lands in those parts and places, and every of them, and
no longer.” Under these provisions numerous claims were entered for lands
between Wells and the Penobscot river.

* [On May 26, 1685, Massachusetts granted to Thomas Danforth, Esq., presi-
dent of the province of Maine, and to Samuel Nowell, Esq., for their great
132 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Jewell’s Island was purchased by Henry Donnell, of the In-
dians, and occupied by him as a fishing stage for thirty years,
until driven away in the war of 1688, with the loss of several
lives, according to the statement of his son Samuel, who claimed
it in 1710. Donnell went from York and married a daugh-
ter of Thomas Reading, an ancient inhabitant in the bay,
who died prievous to 1674, leaving a widow and children.
Donnell gave his own name to the island, but it has not pre-
vailed in practice ; its first name was probably derived from
George Jewell, an early inhabitant of Saco, who was drowned
in Boston Harbor in 1638. It was laid out by the new proprie-
tors of Falmouth to John Tyng, under whom it is now held.

Long Island contains six hundred and fifty acres, and was
early taken up by John Sears, but at what particular time we
are unable to determine; he was an inhabitant of the bay be-
fore 1646. In June, 1655, Sears sold this island to Isaac
Walker of Boston, whoin August, 1667, conveyed it to Richard
Russell of Boston. It was confirmed by Massachusetts in 1683,
to James Russell, son of Richard, who conveyed it to John
Smith of Boston in 1706. We have lately found it called
Smith’s Island, in an old map of Casco bay, published in Lon-
don, without date, but probably in 1702 or 1703.

We have often had occasion to notice Peak’s Island ; from its
vicinity to the town, and the goodness of its soil and situation, it
early attracted attention ; it was conveyed by Cleeves to his son-
in-law, Mitton, December 28, 1637; confirmed to him by Thomas
Gorges in 1642, and again by Cleeves, as Rigby’s agent, in
1650. Mitton’s widow transferred it to John Phillips of Boston,

 

pains and good service done by order of this courtin the expedition and several
journeys to Casco, for which no recompence hath been made them, an island
called Chebiscodego, in Casco bay, in the province of Maine, provided they
take the same in full satisfaction for all service done, referring to the settlement
of the province of Maine. This is no doubt Great Chebeag; and did it not re-
ceive the name Recompense, from the word in the grant, and the fact that it
was payment for the grantees’ services ?|
TITLES TO ISLANDS IN FALMOUTH. 1383

in 1661, by whose son-in-law, Munjoy, and his son-in-law, John
Palmer, it was occupied many years, and was said to have been
given to Palmer’s wife, Mary, by her grandfather Phillips. Mun-
joy erected a stone house upon the island before 1675.* This
island became the fruitful mother of lawsuits in modern times,
it having been claimed by the posterity of Mitton, and by per-
sons who purchased Phillips’s title from the heirs of Munjoy.
And it is believed now to be held under both titles by a sort of
compromise ; the Brackett branch of the Mitton family oecupy-
ing part of it, and the grantees under Phillips the remainder.$

Bangs’ Island was owned by James Andrews before the first
Indian war, and was called by his name; but how he derived
his title we have no means of determining; it was confirmed
to him by president Danforth, July, 1682. Hannah Hallom of
Boston, 1733, testified that she lived in Falmouth in 1667, and
“well remembers that said Andross improved a certain island
~ in the mouth of Casco harbor, which was called Andross’s own,
and she never knew or heard any other person claim said island,
or question said Andross’s title thereto.” Joshua Brackett, in
a deed of Peak’s Island to his son-in-law, Trott, in 1762, de-
scribed it as “lying between Anders, Hog, Long, and House

* [The access to the voyage of Christopher Levett, published in the second
vol. of the Maine Hist>rical Collections, leads me to doubt whether the stone
house referred to, was not in part the one built by Levett in 1623, rather than
by Munjoy. We have no evidence that Munjoy ever lived himself on the island,
although he improved it; Palmer, who married his daughter, lived there. Lev-
ett says, in his narrative, ‘‘And thus after many dangers, &c. I have obtained a
place of habitation in New England; Ihave built a house and fortified it in a
reasonable good fashion.” This was at the place called by the Indians, Quack,
and which he named York, and which was one of the four islands, between
which he made his boasted harbor. The four were Bangs, House, Peak’s, and
Hog, which now, as then, form the sam? beautiful and safe shelter for thousands
of vessels annually seeking its protection.]

§ [Elizabeth Mitton, wife of Michael Mitton, October 7, 1661, conveyed Pond’s
or Peak’s Island to John Phillips of Boston, who gave it to his granddaughter,
Mary Munjoy, wife of John Palmer. It has borne the successive names of Pond,
Michael, Munjoy, Palmer, and Peak’s.]
Piss.

134 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Islands.”” May 17, 1698, Andrews conveyed this island, which
he called Portland Island, and the small one adjoining it, called
Ram Island, to John Rouse of Marshfield; Rouse claimed it
under the resolve of Massachusetts before referred to, and after-
ward conveyed it to John Bourne of Marshfield. This island
was also called Fort Island, probably from its having been a
place of retreat from the Indians in 1676, when a fort was hast-
ily thrown up there for protection; there are now remaining
the ruins of a stone building upon the island.*

Hog Island was granted by Gorges to Cleeves and Tucker
in January, 1637; in May, 1658, Cleeves conveyed it to Thomas
Kimball of Charlestown, who, with Henry Kimball, sold it to
Edward Tyng of Boston for twenty-five pounds, July 24, 1663.
He conveyed it to his daughter Eunice, wife of Rev. Samuel
Willard, September, 1679. Elizabeth Clark, granddaughter of
Cleeves, and mother-in-law of Edward Tyng, testified in 1728,
“that Phillip Lewis lived a considerable time on Hog Island, as
tenant to Mr. Tyng, her son-in-law, and received money several
times of the people of Falmouth for feeding their creatures on
the said island.’! This beautiful and valuable island contain-
ing about two hundred and fifty acres, is held at the present day
under the ancient title. Through all the changes of its owners
it has preserved its original name, which, although not very
classical, is a more common name for islands, than any other
upon our coast. Cousin’s Island in North Yarmouth, was
anciently called Hog Island, and by the Indians, Suscussong,
but the name of its first white proprietor has prevailed over
them hoth.§

* [Bangs bought the island of Ezekiel Cushing, September 14, 1760, and soon
after mortgaged it to his son-in-law, Jedediah Preble, describing it as contain-

ing two hundred and fifteen acres. Preble afterward acquired the whole title,
and it descended to his heirs.]

1 This fragment was furnished me by Wm. Gibbs, Esq., of Salem, a descend-
ant of Edward Tyng. to whom I am indebted for some other particulars from
the records of that county.— Essex County Record.

[The origin of this very common name for islands on our coast it is difficult

’
TITLES TO ISLANDS IN FALMOUTH. 135

House Island was very early improved by persons chgaged
in the fishing business, for which its eligible situation peculiarly
adapted it. In October, 1661, “Nicholas White, of Casco bay,
planter,” sold to John Breme, “now in the same bay, fisher-
man,” for five pounds three shillings, all his interest in House
Island, being one quarter part, with one quarter of the house ,
but reserved liberty for Sampson Penley to make fish on said
island during his life, and to have the refusal of the purchase,
if Breme should sell. In 1663, Penley levied an execution
against Joseph Phippen upon one quarter of the island, half of
the old house and all of the new house, together with half of
the stages ; and in March of next year he sold his whole inter-
est in the island to George Munjoy. In November, 1663,
William Noreman, “resident in Casco, fisherman,” sold to
George Munjoy, quarter of the island and quarter of the house
upon it. Munjoy seems now to have acquired the whole title,
which was confirmed to his widow in 1681, by president Dan-
forth, and descended to her heirs under whom it is now held.
White, after selling his interest in the island, moved further up
the bay, and we afterward find him in North Yarmouth, then
called Westcustogo. Phippen probably used the island until
dispossessed by Penley; he lived at Purpooduck.* We do not
meet with the name of Noreman after this occasion; he was
probably a transient person. Richmond’s Island, we have be-
fore sufficiently noticed; the other islands, the Green, Cow,

* [House Island has continued to the present day to be used as a place for
fishing stages. The government of the United States purchased the western
part of it in 1808, erected a wooden block-house upon it, which is now (1864)
being greatly enlarged and strengthened, and made a formidable fortress, }]

 

to learn or conjecture. It is very clear that it could not be derived from the
animal of that name, for they did not exist there. I suppose it must bea cor-
ruption of some Indian term having local sense. Is not the word Quack which
Levett applies to one of these islands, the true name, and may it not have reach-
ed its appellation, thus, Quack—Quoag, spelt by Webster Quahauy, a species of
clam—Hog. I cannot give a more probable interpretation. ]
136 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Marsh, Overset, and two small ones called the Brothers, which
belong to the Macworth property, are of small extent, not
inhabited, and not of sufficient consequence to claim particu-
lar attention.

In 1663, the court of York, consisting of two commissioners
specially appointed by the general court, and the associates of
the county, passed the following order relative to the islands:
“We, by virtue of a commission to us granted by the general
court of Massachusetts, do grant that all the islands in Casco
bay lying within the jurisdiction of the government of Massa-
chusetts, and within the limits of the breadth of the lines of
the town of Falmouth, eastward into the said bay shall belong
and are hereby ordered to be within the said town and under
the government thereof, and bear town charges in proportion
with other inhabitants there, saving the propriety of each per-
son in every of the said islands, with Richman’s Island.”

The extension of the laws and jurisdiction of Massachusetts
over this territory had an important influence upon its set-
tlement and prosperity. Hitherto we may presume that no
permanent code of laws had been established, the records fur-
nish no indication of the kind ; but temporary ordinances were
framed as they were called for by the wants of the people and
the emergency of the occasion ; and the execution of these must
have been inefficient and fluctuating. But when the laws of
Massachusetts were introduced, sanctioned by her example and
power, and enforced with rigor, security was afforded for the
enjoyment of property and civil privileges. Persons were en-
couraged to migrate to this province from the neighboring col-
onies, by the prospects which were furnished in the facilities for
fishing, for agriculture and trade. Among those who were
drawn here at that time, was George Munjoy, a man of educa-
tion and enterprise, and who united with these advantages the
command of a capital, which enabled him to exercise an exten-
sive influence over the prosperity of the place. He was the
son of John Munjoy, of Abbotsham, in the county of Devon,
NEW SETTLERS. 137

England, or Mountjoy, as the name still exists in that county,
and was born in 1626. At the age twenty-one, in 1647, he
was admitted a freeman of Massachusetts, and soon after mar-
ried Mary, the only daughter of John Phillips, deacon of the
first church in Boston, and a respectable merchant; his eldest
son, John, was born April 17, 1653, in Boston, as were also
George in 1656, and Josiah in 1658; his other children were
Pelatiah, Hepzebah, married to Mortimore, and Mary, his eld-
est daughter, married to John Palmer; the date of her birth*
we have not ascertained, but it was probably before that of John;
the other two we suppose were born in Falmouth. Munjoy
had visited Falmouth as early as 1657, as we perceive by his
signature as a witness to several deeds, but he did not settle
here until after May, 1659; for in an agreement entered into
in that month, he is styled of Boston. His father-in-law, in
September, 1659, purchased Cleeves’s homestead at the lower
end of the Neck, and erected a house for him upon a part of
the land; this continued to be his residence during his abode
here, although he subsequently purchased a large tract of land
on the Presumpscot, at Ammoncongin, and a farm of four hun-
dred acres on the northerly side of Long Creek, both of which
he improved for several years immediately previous to the first
Indian war. He lived on this farm in part, about four years be-
fore the Indian war. He had a sister Mary who married John
Saunders of Braintree, Mass.

Beside Munjoy, there came, in 1661, the three Wakelys,
Thomas, John, and Isaac, and Matthew Coe, who married a
daughter of Thomas Wakely. They came from Gloucester,
Cape Ann, and settled at Back Cove on two hundred acres,
purchased of Richard Tucker, west of Fall brook. Mather,
in his Magnalia, speaking of Thomas Wakely, says, ‘““Now this
honest old man was one who would often say with tears, that

* [Savage says Mary was born in Falmouth, and came to Boston for baptism,

July 9,1665. Savage also mentions sons, Phillip, Benjamin, and Gershom; they
died unmarried. The name is extinct except in the hill at Portland. ]
188 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

he believed God was displeased at him, inasmuch as albeit he
came into New England for the sake of the gospel, yet he had
left another place in the country where he had enjoyed the gos-
pel in the communion of a gathered church, and now lived many
years in a plantation where there was no church at all, nor
the ordinances and institutions of the Lord Jesus Christ.”

John Wakely, the son, afterward settled upon the east side
of Presumpscot river, below the falls; Matthew Coe died be-
fore the war, leaving several children, John,' his eldest son;
Isaac; Martha, married toa Farnum of Boston; Elizabeth,
married to a Tucker of Roxbury ; who were both widows in
1731; and another daughter, married to Joseph Ingersoll, one
of our early settlers.

Two other persons, one of them of great influence in the
subsequent affairs of the town, came here about this time,
Anthony and Thomas Brackett, They were brothers, and came
from that part of Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, which is now
called Greenland. We first meet with Anthony’s name in
1662, as a witness to the delivery of possession of the Bram-
hali farm to Hope Allen, June 38rd, of that year; he married
Ann, the danghter of Michael Mitton, and occupied the one
hundred acres granted to her by George Cleeves, at Back Cove.
He subsequently enlarged his farm to four hundred acres, in-
cluding one hundred acres which belonged to Michael Mitton
and his son Nathaniel, Durham’s fifty acres, and two lots of
fifty-five acres each, which belonged to Ingersoll and Rider.
His brother Thomas married Mary, another daughter of Michael
Mitton, and occupied the homestead on Clark’s Point, having
entered into covenant, in 1671, to support his mother-in-law?
during her life.

1 John Coe moved to Rhode Island, his son John was a cordwainer in Little

Compton in 1731, and is undoubtedly the ancestor of Dr. John Coe, late of this
town.

2 There were at least two distinct families of Brackett early settled in New
England, one in Boston, the other in Portsmouth. Richard was the head of the
EARLY SETTLERS. 139

Thaddeus Clarke, who married Elizabeth, also a daughter of
Michael Mitton, appears for the first time in our records in
1663 ; he was then married but could not long have been, as
his wife at this time was but eighteen years old. The record
referred to is an assignment to him of the deed from Cleeves
to Mitton of the one hundred acres at Clarke’s Point; it is
dated March 1, and is as follows: “These presents witness that
I, Elizabeth Mitton, late wife to Michael Mitton, deceased, in
consideration that Thaddeus Clarke married my daughter
Elizabeth, I do by these presents grant, give, and make over all
my right, title, and interest in the lands within mentioned, un-
to the said Thaddeus Clarke, his heirs,! etc.’ We do not
know where Clarke originated, or when he came here; the

_ Rey. Timothy Alden, in his notice of the Tyng family, says
Clarke came from Ireland, but he does not say when, nor does
he give any authority for the statement.

Beside those before mentioned, the following persons appear
to have been inhabitants of the town previous to 1670, viz:
John Cloice, Robert Elliott, Lawrence Davis, George Felt,
Walter Gendall, John Guy, John and Joseph Ingersoll, Phillip
Lewis, Michael Madiver, Robert Nichols, James Ross, John
Skillings, Ralph Turner, William Whitwell, and Jenkin Will-
jams, of whom Elliott, Davis, Gendall, Guy, Madiver, and
Turner settled upon the south side of Fore river; Cloice and

1 York Records,

 

Boston family ; he was admitted freeman in 1636, moved to Braintree in 1642,
and the same year was ordained deacon of the church there. He died in 1689,
having had seven children, four sons and three danghters, There were others
who did not belong to Richard’s family ; the name was common in Boston and
the vicinity in those days, and sustained a respectable standing. The first of
the name we meet with in New Hampshire, is William, who was sent by Capt,
John Mason to Piscataqua, in 1631, among “his stewards and servants.” May
25, 1640, Anthony Brackett, one of the inhabitants of Portsmouth, signed a deed
of glebe land to the church wardens for a parsonage. Tbis person, I conjecture
to be the father of Anthony and Thomas, who came here, and whose descend-
ants are widely scattered over the State,
140 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Nichols on the west side of Prescumpscot river; Lewis, Ross,
and Skillings at Back Cove; the two Ingersolls near the nar-
row of the Neck, their farms stretching westerly toward Capi-
sic; Whitwell on the Neck, near Robinson’s wharf; and Will-
jams on the east side of Presumpscot river, near Scitterygusset:
creek. The father of George Felt was one of the first settlers
of North Yarmouth, having established himself at Broad Cove
about 1640; here he built a stone house, made improvements,
and raised a family. His son George was concerned in a large
purchase of the Indians in 1672, of land on the north-easterly
side of the Presumpscot ; he married a daughter of Jane Mac-
worth, and joined the freemen of Falmouth in a petition to the
general court about 1660. He had a brother Moses, born in
1650, who lived in North Yarmouth and Falmouth until 1690,
with the exception of the Indian war, and was living in Chelsea
in 1783, aged eighty-three years.!

John Cloice or Cloyes was a mariner and probably came
from Watertown, in Massachusetts, with his family ; he was here
in 1660; his first wife’s name was Abigail, his second Juliann.
His children by his first wife, born in Watertown, were John,
August 26, 1638; Peter, May 27, 1640; Nathaniel, March 6,
1642; Abigail, married to Jenkin Williams ; Sarah, married to
Peter Housing; and Thomas, born of the second wife. The

1 George Felt, Senior, was born in 1601, and was living in Malden 1688, aged
eighty-seven; in a petition to Andross, 1688, he stated that about eighteen years
before he had bought a plantation or farm of John Phillips of Boston, ata place
called Great Cove, in Casco bay, containing about two thousand acres, for which
he paid sixty pounds, that he had occupied it about three years before the pur-
chase; that after the Indian war, it was withheld from him by Casco people,
and he being impoverished could not recover it; that he was then suffering for
want, being about eighty-seven years old. In 1727, Moses Felt in a deed toa
committee of North Yarmouth of three hundred acres on Broad Cove, recited
that his father, George Felt, bought said land of John Phillips of Casco bay,
and afterward again purchased it of the agent of Sir F. Gorges, about the year
1648 ; that said Felt built a house on this land and lived in it above forty years
without molestation until 1684.— North Yarmouth Records.

[George Felt, Senior, died at Malden, in 1693.]
EARLY SETTLERS. 141

name is not found here now, nor in the vicinity ; the last per-
son who bore it in town was Thomas, who was killed by the In-
dians in 1690, leaving two sons, Thomas and George, and a
daughter Hannah; Thomas moved to Boston and George to
Salem.

An active, hardy, and enterprising population was fast spread-
ing over the town, clearing up the forest and opening the soil
to the face of day. The children of the first settlers were
coming forward on the stage; and we find even at this early
period, that town born children were ‘arriving at the age of
maturity and becoming themselves the heads of families. The
deaths of adult persons as far as we have been able to ascertain,
were few; Winter and Macworth alone occur previous to 1660:
we have now to notice in the latter year that of Michael Mitton.
Mitton’s last act was his release to Jordan before mentioned,
dated August 25, 1660; his widow alone acknowledged the
deed, and October 7, of the next year, she alone conveyed
Peak’s Island to John Phillips. We have supposed that Mit-
ton came over from England with Cleeves in 1637, for in that
year he makes his first appearance upon our soil as the grantee
of Peak’s Island. The time of his marriage with Cleeves’s
only child Elizabeth, cannot be precisely ascertained ; their
daughter Elizabeth was born in 1644, she gave her deposition
in Boston; in 1735, in which she testified that she was about
ninety years old: their daughter Anne was probably the eld-
est; she signed as witness, a deed from her grandfather Cleeves
to her father, in 1651. They had five daughters and one son,
whose names were as follows: Anne, married to Anthony
Brackett ; Elizabeth, to Thaddeus Clark; Mary, to Thomas
Brackett; Sarah, to James Andrews; and Martha, to John
Graves, who lived in Kittery first, and subsequently in Little
Compton ; last, Nathaniel, who was never married. The name
is now extinct in this country, but his blood in the female line
flows over the whole State, and is not confined to it. Mitton
is styled in conveyances, Gentleman, a title which had not lost
142 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

all its meaning in that day; in 1640, he was appointed by the
first general court in the province, constable of Casco, an office
of respectability in our early history. John Jocelyn says of
him, “The gentleman was a great fowler.” Mitton’s charac-
ter partook of the licentiousness which prevailed throughout
the province in the first stages of its history; and one trans-
action which is recorded, must ever leave a perpetual stain
upon his memory. Richard Martin, an early inhabitant of

Casco, was the father of two daughters, whom, being about to
return to England to arrange his affairs, he left in the family
of Mitton. During their residence of several months with him
in 1646, he insinuated himself into the favor of the eldest,
named Mary, whom he seduced. She afterward went to Bos-
tonand was delivered of a bastard child, of which she confessed
Mitton to be the father ; overcome with shame, she endeavored
to conceal her first crime by the commission of a more heinous
one in the murder of her infant. For this she perished upon
the scaffold, at the early age of twenty-two years in March,
1647.! ;

The want of a regular government east of the Piscataqua
for many years, encouraged a laxity of morals which did not
prevail in any other part of New England.. We meet upon the
records numerous and frequent complaints of adultery and for-
nication, the parties in which escaped with a small fine or other
slight punishment.?

The widow of Mitton, a few years afi his death, married a
Harvey, an undistinguished man, who died before her, leaving
her a second time a widow; she died herself in 1681.

1 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 302.

= The commissioners of the king in the Report of their doings here in 1665,
speaking of the people east of the Kennebec, say “those people for the most
part are fishermen, and never had any government among them: most of them
are such as have fled from other places to avoid justice. Some here are of

opinion that as many men share in a woman as they do in a boat, and some have

done so.”
x
CHAPTER V.

1659 to 1665,

Fixst CouRT UNDER MASSACHUSETTS—STATE OF RELIGION IN THE TowN—DePuTies—-CouRTS—Pay oF
JuRYMEN—HIGAWAYS—PRIyoN—ABRAHAM PREBLE—OpPosITION TO MAssacuussTTs—KING’s Com-
MISSIONERS SUSPEND THE AUTHORITY OF THAT COLONY—-MEMORIAL FROM CASCO—RETURN OF THE
CoMMISSIONERS;

The first court held after the submission of Falmouth and
Scarborough, of which we have any record, was at York, July
4, 1659. Massachusetts sent two of her magistrates to preside
at this court, who were assisted by Major Nicholas Shapleigh,}
Mr. Abraham Preble,? and Mr. Edward Rishworth,? local magis-
trates. Several actions were entered by and against persons
living in the eastern part of the country, as we have before
noticed. George Lewis was appointed constable for Falmouth,
and Henry Jocelyn,? Robert Jordan, George Cleeves, Francis
Neale, and Henry Watts,? commissioners for Falmouth and
Scarborough.

1 Of Kittery. ; 2 Of York:

8 Jocelyn lived at Black Point, and Watts at Blue Point, on the opposite side
of the river; Watts was born in 1604, was in Sacoas early as 1631, and was
living in 1684.

[The following is a fac-simile of the hand-writing and signature of Henry Watts.]

ighigls/? pug bog
144 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The care of the morals of the people and the promotion of
religious instruction among them, early and steadily occupied
the attention of the government after they acquired a jurisdic-
tion over the province. They wished however to instruct in
their own way, and to have the people conform to their modes
of thinking and practice on religious subjects. The following
order relative to Falmouth was passed at the first court : “This
court being informed that the inhabitants of Falmouth are at
present destitute of any public means for their edification on
the Lord’s Day, and by reason of the people not meeting to-
gether for their mutual furtherance in the ways of God, great
advantage is given unto the common enemy, joining with the
corruption of such as have no delight to sanctify God’s holy
rest, the neglect whereof being an inlet to all profaneness, and
cannot but be provoking to the jealousy of him who is the
fountain of our peace and welfare ; for the prevention whereof
these are therefore to require all the inhabitants of the said
place from time to time in one or more convenient place or
places to meet together on the Lord’s Day, for their mutual
edification and furtherance in the knowledge and fear of the
Lord, by reading of God’s word and of the labors of known
and orthodox divines, singing of psalms, and praying together,
or such other ways as the Lord shall enable them, till the favor
of God shall so far smile upon them as to give them better and
more public means for their edification.”

It appears by a petition of the inhabitants to the general
court, which we have before noticed, that in the May following
the date of this order, they had a preacher among them ; they
say, “God begun to answer our prayers and send us a faithful

dispenser of the word,” which, they add, they hoped to enjoy, if

“their destractions doe not discourage him.” He was probably
with them in 1661, for the general court in that year, require
Saco, Scarborough, and Wells to procure able and orthodox
ministers in six months time, but say nothing of Falmouth.
This, without doubt, is the only preacher they had been favored
STATE OF RELIGION. 145

with, beside those of “the Episcopalian order, Gibson and Jor-
dan; but it appears that he did not stay long among them, for
in July, 1669, the court order Falmouth and Scarborough both,
“forthwith to seek out and provide themselves of an able and
orthodox preacher to be their minister ; and in case of neglect
to supply themselves by the 20th day of September next, they
shall each pay unto the ministry of the next town adjoining to
theirs that is supplied, fifty pounds per annum, during their
being destitute.”

Falmouth probably obeyed the above order, as next year
Scarboro alone is presented for not complying with it. But
who the preacher was on either of these occasions, no record
furnishes us with the slightest intimation.'. A majority of the
inhabitants consisted of emigrants from the Massachusetts and
Plymouth colonies, and were therefore favorable to the puritan
form of worship; the government used their utmost exertions
to discourage every other sect. Although a few of the old.set-
tlers retained their original principles, the religion of the state
enforced by the laws, became from this time the predominant
religion of the province. The government of Massachusetts
was certainly influenced by a sincere desire to reform the mor-
als of the people, and to preserve purity of worship; they earn-
estly desired that all the ordinances of religion should be strictly
observed, but it may well be doubted whether by their over
rigid discipline and exclusive zeal, they did not do injustice to
their liberal professions and to the cause which they were
earnest to promote. The following injunction against Jordan
adopted by the general court in October, 1660, does not seem

1 Thomas Jenner, who was preaching in Saco in 1641, mentions in a letter to
Gov. Winthrop, found in Hutchinson’s collections, dated April 16th of that year
that he had been solicited by the inhabitants of Casco to help them ‘to a godly
minister. It does not appear that any was furnished. [The next notice of any
minister being in this region, is from the complaint of Jordan and Jocelyn to
the court in 1659, of Rev. John Thorpe for ‘‘preaching unsound doctrine.” He
was silenced by the general court.]
146 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

to aim at any corruption or immorality, but only at the form
under which the ordinance was administered: “Whereas it
appears to this court by several testimonies of good repute, that
Mr. Robert Jordan did, in July last, after exercises were ended
on the Lord’s Day, in the house of Mrs. Macworth, in the town
of Falmouth, then and there baptise three children of Nath’l
Wallis, of the same town, to the offence of the government of
this Commonwealth, this court judgeth it necessary to bear
witness against such irregular practices, do therefore order that
the secretary, by letter in the name of this court, require him
to desist from any such practices for the future, and also that
he appear before the next general court to answer what shall
be Jaid against him for what he hath done for the time past.”!

Among the complaints against Massachusetts, made to the
king ’s commissoners in 1665, the following are noticed: “They
will not admit any who is not a member of the church to com-
munion, nor their children to baptism.”

“They did imprison and barbarously use Mr. Jordan for bap-
tising children as himself complained in his petition to the
commissioners.”’

The exercise of this exclusive sectarian spirit by that col-
ony, had been successfully employed against them, by their
enemies in England after the restoration of Charles; and the
king in his letters to the government and his instructions to
the commissioners, insists upon a reformation and a more lib-
eral practice in that particular. This order was treated with
a dexterity which that government ever exercised in its negotia-
tions with the home government; and was evaded in a manner
that did not seem openly to violate the king’s commands, while
no material relief was afforded to those who were oppressed by
the existing laws.

In September, 1659, a court of associates was held at Scar-

1 Massachusetts State Records,
PROVINCIAL OFFICERS. 147

borough for the county, by Henry Jocelyn, Nicholas Shapleigh,*
Robert Jordan, Edward Rishworth, and Abraham Preble. It
had been previously arranged that one court should be held
yearly in the eastern part of the county, and another in the
western. It does not appear that Cleeves who had held the first
place in the former government ever arrived at the honor of
being chosen one of the associates of the county ; these were a
higher order of magistrates, and the judges of the county court.
The provision of law seems to have been that they should be nom-
inated by the freemen, and appointed by the general court.' But
by the practice in this country, they appear to have been chosen
annually by the freemen, whose votes were returned to the
county court. Cleeves, however, was repeatedly chosen one of
the commissioners for Falmouth, and approved by the court.
These officers were elected annually, and exercised a power
similar to that of justices of the peace. He was also the first
person chosen a deputy from the town to the general court.
By the articles of submission, the two towns of Scarborough
and Falmouth were required to choose one deputy at least, and
had the privilege of being separately represented if they wished.
In 1659, Edward Rishworth of York, appears as the represen-
tative of Scarborough, but he was probably selected by the two
towns; it was not then required bylaw that the deputy shouid
reside in the town which he represented. Next year, Henry
Jocelyn of Scarborough was chosen deputy ; after that, neither
“town seems to have been represented until 1663, when Cleeves
is chosen, and again the next year. They are unrepresented
from this time until 1669, during which the authority of Massa-
chusetts over the province was suspended. In the latter year,
Richard Callicot, who first lived in Dorchester, and afterward
in Boston, appears as the representative of Falmouth, and next
* [Shapleigh was son of Alexonder Shapleigh who lived at Kittery in 1642,

he was born in England ; he held many prominent offices in Maine; returned to -
England about 1670, and died without issue about 1682.]

1 Colonial Laws, p. 91.
148 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

year our inhabitant Francis Neale, is chosen deputy ; he is the
last representative sent from Scarborough or Falmouth to the
general court of Massachusetts, until the organization of the
government under the charter of 1691. But part of this time,
viz: from 1680 to 1686, the province was governed by a local
administration, consisting of a president, and a general assem-
bly, in which each town was represented.

The associates for the county in 1660 and 1661, were Henry
Jocelyn, Robert Jordan, Nicholas Shapleigh, Abram Preble,
Edward Rishworth; the following notice is added to their
names in the year 1660, “chosen associates by the votes of the
major part of the freemen of this county for the year ensuing ;”
Abraham Preble was chosen treasurer.' The commissioners
for Falmouth in 1661, were Robert Jordan, George Munjoy,

1 Abraham Preble died in 1663, and in July of that year, administration was
granted to his widow Judith, Mr. Preble, the ancestor of all of that name in
this State, emigrated from Scituate, in the old colony ;* he wag one of the first
settlers of that place, being mentioned among its inhabitants in the year 1637,
His wife, Judith, was a daughter of Nathaniel Tilden, also of Scituate, the an-
cestor of the Tilden family now living in Boston. We donot meet with him in
this state before 1642; in that year he purchased a tract of land at York, of
Edward Godfrey, and in the deed they are both styled of Agamenticus. He
soon rose into consideration, and sustained during the remainder of his life, some
of the most honorable and responsible offices in the province. As early as 1645,
he was one of the counselors or assistants in Sir Ferdinando Gorges’ govern-
ment, which office he continued to sustain until its dissolution ; under the suc-
ceeding brief sway of Godfrey, he was a member of the general court, and held
the first military appointment with the title of major; and when Massachusetts
extended her jurisdiction over the western part of the province, in 1652, Mr.
Preble was selected with ‘the right trusty Mr. Edward Godfrey, Mr. Edward
Johnson, and Mr. Edward Riskworth,” a commissioner to hold county courts,
attend to the execution of justice, commission military officers, and perform
other services of a responsible nature. He left several children, one of whom,
Abraham, filled important offices in succeeding years. Benjamin, the second
son of the second Abraham, was the father of Brigadier Preble, the first of the
name who came to this town, and whose posterity continue among us; Judge
Preble, minister to the Hague, originated in York, from another branch of the
same family, a descendant of the first Abraham.

* (Farmor’s Register.—Bayleis Memoir of Plymouth Colony.]
LAYING OUT OF ROADS, 149

and Francis Neale; Joseph Phippen was appointed constable.
At the July term of the court this year at York, it was ordered
that juiymen should have three shillings a day, and pay their
own charges, and be allowed for travel at the following rates :
one day’s pay for each day’s travel in going to and returning
from court; the time allowed for this purpose from the respect-
ive towns was as follows: Falmouth, five days; Scarborough,
four days ; Saco, three days ; Cape Porpus, two and a half days;
Wells and Kittery, each two days. Some idea may be formed
of the state of the traveling in the province, when one day was
allowed to go from Wells to York, now passed over in two or
three hours.

1n 1653, the commissioners at Wells, who received the sub-
mission to Massachusetts, of Wells, Saco, and Cape Porpus,
ordered that the inhabitants of those towns should make “suff-
cient highways within their towns, from house to house, and
clear and fit them for foot and cart, before the next county
court, under the penalty of ten pounds for every town’s defect
in this particular, and that they lay out a sufficient highway for
horse and foot, between towns and towns, within that time.!
From this it would appear that no roads existed at that period
from town to town, and Sullivan says,® that the commissioners
could get no further than Wells for want of a road to travel in.
Communications at that time were probably made by water ;.
all the settlements being upon the coast or on the banks of the
rivers. In 1669, Falmouth and Scarborough are presented to
the court for not making their roads passable. In 1673, the
towns lying between Wells and Falmouth, inclusive, were or-
dered “to mark out the most convenient way,” “every town
marking out their own part within their own extent.” The
associates for 1662, were Henry Jocelyn, Edward Rishworth,
Abraham Preble, George Munjoy, and Humphrey Chadbourn ;

1 Sullivan, p. 365.

2 Sullivan, p 355,
150 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the commissioners for Falmouth were George Munjoy, George
Cleeves, and Francis Neale. In the proceedings of this court,
held at York, we have the first notice of a prison in Falmouth;
it is as follows: “John Phillips of Falmouth, accused for sus-
picion of felony, by reason of the unfitness of the prison to
receive him, is confined to his own house as a prisoner, and
engageth to appear at the next court.’’*

Nothing further is met with of Phillip’s case, nor do we know
what gave rise to the suspicion. From the representation of
the prison here made, it would appear that it was not much
used; we have no information where it was situated nor when
it was erected. It must have been but a temporary structure,
for in July, 1666, the court appointed by the king’s commis-
sioners sitting at Falmouth, order, “that by this time twelve-
month, there shall be a prison erected and set up for the
eastern division of this province, in some convenient place
in Casco bay, alias Falmouth; to which end, that it may be
better effected, the several towns within this division, are to
make return of their estates unto the next court of Pleas hold-
en at Casco, on the second Tuesday in November next.’ In
1669, the following order relating to this subject was adopted :
“This court understanding that there was a course taken for-
merly by the consent of the country, by their deputies, for the
building of a jail in Falmouth, which is builded as we under-
stand by Mr. Munjoy, but the towns and persons not having
paid their proportions toward it, are required to do so:”  per-
sons are appointed to take a diligent survey that the jail be fin-

*[On March 13, 1668, Sampson Penley sold to George Munjoy ‘one-half acre
of land lying near my now dwelling house, being the land on whith the jail now
standeth.”’]

1 The proportion of this expense for Saco, was fifteen pounds sixteen shillings
eleven pence, as ordered by the deputies. Wheat was to be received at five
shillings six pence the bushel, Indian corn at three shillings six pence, peas at
four shillings —History of Saco, p. 151. Iam notable to ascertain the ratio of
other towns.
OPPOSITION TO GOVERNMENT. 141

ished according to covenant with Mr. Munjoy, and to appoint a
keeper. Sampson Penley was the keeper in 1671, and is then
called to account for releasing Francis Morgan.!

In 1662, the opposition to the government of Massachusetts
begun to manifest itself in open hostility. Jocelyn and Shap-
leigh, who had been chosen associates, refusing to take the oath
of office, the court adjourned; and the general court, at its
October session, appointed Capt. Richard Waldron, of Dover,
“to repair to York, at the time of the county courts adjourn-
ment, and send for the several persons chosen commisioners
by the said court, and give them their several oaths to admin-
ister justice according to law, for the year ensuing.” To Wald-
ron’s summons, Jocelyn and Shapleigh sent the following
protest: “We, Henry Jocelyn and Nicholas Shapleigh, com-
missioners of the province of Maine under the authority of
Ferdinando Gorges, Esq., lord proprietor of said province, do
protest against the acts and order of the general court of Mas-
sachusetts, exhibited by Capt. Waldron, at said adjourned
county court, being contrary to our former articles, and a col-
lateral agreement with our commissioners at Wells.’ These
and other considerable persons in the province were induced
openly to avow their opposition at this time, by the support
they received from the proprietor in England, aided by letters
from the king, who now turned a favorable ear to the repre-
sentations of the heirs of Mason and Gorges. A letter from
Cleeves written at this time, fortunately discovered, furnishes
us with some interesting particulars relating to this crisis.’

The letter is thus superscribed, “The Hon. Jno. Endicott,
Esq:, and to Rich. Bellingham, Esq., our Hon. Goy. and Dep-

1 Robert Morgan was an inhabitant of Saco in 1636, and one of the same

name lived at Sagadahoc in 1665; we know nothing of this Francis. [Francis
Morgan lived in Kittery in 1664.]

2 York Records.

3 The original letter is preserved on the files in the office of state in Massa-
elinsetts.
152 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

uty Gov. and to as many our Hon. Magistrates whome thes
may consarne in Boston present with trust.

(By Mr. John Bateman
whom God presarve)

Evar honored Sirs

After my due respects and humble sarvis presented, thes
may informe you that since your commissioners were at York,
we meaning Mr. George Munjoy and myselfe, by accident re-
ceived a papar * * * *! warrant from Mr. Henry Joccellen
directed to John Guy constable of Falmouth, which after we
had Red and considered wee thought requisite to this exact
coppie here inclosed and to detain the papar untill the publi-
cation of the General Court’s order was by myselfe publiquely
Red in the congregation, the whole towne being present the
last Lord’s Day after meeting, at which tyme also Mr. Munjoy
received the king’s letter, and had not Mr. Rishworth’s care
been to send the Court’s order in a lettar to Mr. Munjoy, wee
had been deprived of the benefit of the Court’s order for we
are truly in formed that the orders sent to all the towns in that
county were stopped and not published neither in Saco nor
Scarborough, but countermanding warrants in his Majestie’s
name under the authority of Mr. Gorges under the firm of
Mr. Joccellen published there; we do also understand that the
pretended commissioners have appointed a meeting at Saco on
the 25th day of this present November and we suppose is to see
what strength they can gather and suppres your authority and
to establish their pretended interest; who have given it out
that the Gen. Court have deserted the towns of Falmouth and
Scarborough and that Mr. Brodstreete and Mr. Norton have
desarted the whole county of York there in England and here
too and thereupon all well affected in Welse and elsewhere are
put to a great stand fearing that the Massachusetts colony doe

1 Two words that we cannot decipher, probably they are “being a” or “in-
closing a” or something similar.
MEMORIAL TO GOVERNMENT. 153

deate double with them by reason of thes and other such like
stories given out by Mr. Joccellen, who also reports that they
do daylie expect Mr. Maverick with four other’ commissioners
in two great frigeots to countermand your authority in this your
Jurisdiction, but I believe the ships are not yet buylt; wee may
expect speedily Mr. Joeeellen and Mr. Jordan to com to our
town to see what they can doe there, but my care shall be to
defeate there purposes in what I may.

“Now farther, my humble request is that you will considar
of a course so to be taken with those who do deale so parfiddi-
ously, having taken the oath of freedom and fidelity for exam-
ple to others, for the maintenance of your own honour, who
have engaged to protect all the well affected in this your juris-
diction. I also desire to understand your sense whether the
Gen. Court’s mind was that the offisars in that county, that
was chosen and sworn under your authority should stand in
their places till the tyme of newe election, or these constables
chosen and sworn by Mr. Joccellen and unto that powre; And
as touching Associates wee understand that Mr Joccellen and
Mr. Preble have both refused the oath and the exercise of their
places and only Mr Rishworth and Mr. Chadbourn sworn and
Mr. Munjoy not sworn, willing to submit when tendered unto
him. Now I desire to know whether I may not administer the
oath unto him as is directed in the Law-book, being a commis-
sioner and appointed by the court to administer the oath of
the Lord to any parson as occasion may Require, or whether
any other Associates may be appointed to the number of five
as also whether any other commissioners may be appointed for
the two towns of Falmouth and Scarboro’ in the Roome of Mr.
Joccellen or any other in case of refusall, for we suppose there
may be great need of a court shortly. I cannot omit to give
you to understand that Mr. Joccellen doth trumpet abroad that
ther are many discontented in Boston and to the westward
about the king’s lettar, and I fear it proceeds from a spirit that

1d.
154 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

fain would raise a faction amongst us if not tymely prevented ;
but I hope that the wisdom and councells of God is with you
or else who knoweth how great a flame a littell fire may kin-
dell, all which I leave to your wise consideration humbly de-
siring a speedy answer if it seem good to you by some publick
offisar or other safe messenger in regard of the season of
the year, this craving pardon for my boldness to be so larg,
commending you all to the grace of God and care Resting your
faithful! and humble servant to command,
GEORGE CLEEVES.
Falmouth, November 24, 62.”

The opposition to the government of Massachusctts had now
taken a decided stand under the guidance of Jocelyn and Jor-
dan, who seem to have been the most active partisans of the pro-
prietor; they were joined here by Francis Neale, Robert. Corbin,
Thomas Staniford, and others, and supported in the western
part of the state by Capt. Francis Champernoon and Nicholas
Shapleigh of Kittery. In 1663, the county court was held by
William Hawthorn and Edward Lusher, from Massachusetts,
assisted by George Munjoy, Humphrey Chadbourn, and Edward
Rishworth, of the province. The associates for the ensuing year
were Edward Rishworth, Capt. William Phillips of Saco, Mr.
George Munjoy, Ezekiel Knight of Wells, and Roger Plaisted
of that part of Kittery, which was afterward incorporated
as Berwick. The spirit of party raged with more violence in
Falmouth, probably, than it did in any other part of the county ;
the friends of Massachusetts succeeded in choosing two commis-
sioners, Mr. Cleeves and Mr. Phippen, friendly to government,
and in obtaining a vote to adhere to that jurisdiction. No oth-
er officers were returned to the county court, nor were any sent
by Saco and Scarborough. A third commissioner elected in
Falmouth was not approved by the court; their decision on the
subject was expressed as follows: ‘For the election of commis-
sioners in Scarborough and Falmouth, we determine as follows,
INDICTMENTS AND PRESENTMENTS, 155

that Falmouth who have chosen according to law, that two of
them which they have chosen stand, which is Mr. Cleeves and
Joseph Phippen.”” Who the rejected one was does not appear
by the record. Those two towns also sent attorneys to the
court who declared the adhesion of the inhabitants as follows:
“These presents testify that we, Arthur Augur and Francis
Small, attorneys for the towns of Scarborough and Falmouth
to act for them according to the said letter of attorney at the
county court held at York this Tth of July, 1663, do hereby
declare and subscribe in behalf of our said towns and do
acknowledge ourselves subject and engage to remain obedient
to the laws and ordinances of his majesty as now established
under the authority of the Massachusetts until his majesty
otherwise command us, according as by articles we are already
engaged.”

The court endeavored to overawe the opposition by vigorous
measures, and-the grand jury found bills of indictment against
several of the obnoxious persons. They presented Champer-
noon, Jocelyn, Jordan, and Shapleigh for renouncing the au-
thority of Massachustets, using means “for the subjecting
thereof, under pretence of a sufficient power from Esq. Gorges
to take off the people, which is manifest to the contrary.”” They
also presented Francis Neale, Thomas Staniford, Francis Small,
and Robert Corbin, all of Falmouth, “for breach of the oath
of freedom and fidelity ;’’ Cleeves and Phippen, the commis-
sioners, were witnesses against them, but they were discharged.
Thomas Staniford was also ‘presented for a common swearer
and a drunkard; and was fined twenty shillings. And Francis.
Small for being a common liar and a drunkard; under this
case is this entry ; “The court find the charges against Small
dubious ;”’ they fined him ten shillings for drunkenness and dis-
charge him with admonition. Lawrence Davis was presented
for railing at the constable and for swearing, fined ten shil-
lings. Robert Corbin was also presented “for making an
uproar in the meeting on the Lord’s Day in Casco, and for
156 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

breach of oath to his government and for saying he would
break the hedge of government ;” he was discharged with an
admonition and the payment of officer’s fees. But the heaviest
measure of vengeance seems to have been meted out to the ill-
fated Jordan; in addition to the above mentioned indictment,
there were five others against him, which will be briefly stated.
One was for saying that Mr. John Cotton,! deceased, “was a
liar, and died with a lic in his mouth, and that he was gone to
hell with a pack of lies; and the said Jordan said, by the pow-
er they had, they could command the Governor of Boston to
assist them, and if any did rebel against their power, that
they would take them and hang them or burn their houses ;”
and further he said, that John Cotton’s books were lies, and that
he had found them so. Another was, for saying that the Gov-
ernor of Boston was a rogue, and that all the rest thereof were
traitors and rebels against the king. A third presentment was
for swearing commonly by the eternal God. A fourth, for
breach of the oath of freedom and fidelity taken unto the gov-
ernment of Massachusetts: the entry here is, “Mr. Jordan his
actions make manifest the truth of his charge.” A fifth indict-
ment was for being “an usual liar and for raising and foment-
“proved.” The witnesses against him on the
different charges were John Ingersoll, Anthony Brackett,
George Cleeves, and James Ross, all of Falmouth. It is evi-
dent from these procecdings that Jordan’s opposition was of a
violent character, into which he had probably been driven by
the persecution he had received for his attachment to the
church of England. We are inclined to the belief that religious
differences were not the least of the causes of disaffection to
the Bay government which prevailed in the province. The
opinions of men formed by education ‘and deeply rooted in
their habits, are not easily surrendered even to the genial in-

. eta
ing lies;

1 Mr. Cotton had been the minister of the first church of Boston, and for
many years its spiritual guide; he arrived in 1633, and died in 1652, aged 68
years,
APPOINTMENT OF NEW COMMISSIONERS. 157

flucnee of argument and persuasion, much less to physical
foree ; despotic power may extort the service of the lip but
nothing of the heart.

The opposition which now existed was sufficiently powerful
to produce respectful consideration on the vart of Massachu-
setts, which adopted a more conciliatory tone toward it. In re-
lation to the exercise of authority by the leaders of that party,
the court passed the following order: ‘Whereas it appears
that several persons having been appointed officers by the pre-
tended power under Esquire Gorges, have acted in their re-
spective places, we do order and grant that all such persons
whatsoever as have acted peaceably and civilly upon their or-
ders and warrants received as aforesaid, shall henceforth be
free and fully discharged from question, presentment, or legal
proceeding in any respect to their damage or disturbance in
any of such their actings.”’

But this policy was alike ineffectual ; the spirit of hostility
existed and was cherished by a power near the throne, which
procured in 1664 the appointment of four persons by the king,
with power to settle the peace and security of the country.
This commission was procured by the earnest solicitation of the
proprietors of Maine and New Hampshire, supported by the
exertions of all the enemies of Massachusetts, and was aimed
at the power and influence of that colony.! Two of the com-
missioners, Col. Richard Nichols and Col. George Cartwright,
arrived at Boston, July 23, 1664, and Sir Robert Carr and
Samuel Maverick about the same time at Piscataqua. With
the latter came John Archdale, an agent of Gorges,* with au-
thority to superintend the affairs of his province. Jolin Joce-
lyn, who was then residing with his brother Henry at Black

1 The commission may be found in the Appendix to Hutchinson’s Masssachu-
setts, vol. i,

* [Archdale was afterward governor of North Carolina, and in 1686, a resi-
dent of Perquimans County in that colony. He was nearly related to Gorges.)
158 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Point, speaking of the commissioners, adds, “with them came
one Mr. Archdale, as agent for Mr. F. Gorges, who brought to
the colony in the province of Maine, Mr. F. Gorges’ order from
Charles 2d. under his manual, and his majesty’s letter to Massa-
chusetts, to be restored unto the quict possession and enjoyment
of the same province in New England and the government
thereof, the which during the civil wars in England, the Mas-
sachusetts Colony had usurped, and most shamefully encroached
upon Mr. Gorges’ rights and privileges.”

The letter from the king above referred to is dated June 11,
1664; it speaks in the first place of the grant to Sir F. Gorges,
the money he had expended upon it, and his disappointment
occasioned by the “breaking out of the wars, in which he per-
sonally engaged, though betwixt three and four score years of
age,” the usurpation of Massachusetts, etc., and closes with
the following injunction: “We have taken the whole matter
into our princely consideration, and finding the petitioner’s
allegations and report of our said council learned, so consonant,
we have thought fit to signify our pleasure on behalf of the
said F. Gorges, the petitioner, hereby requiring you that you
forthwith make restitution of the said province unto him or
his commissioners, and deliver him or them the quiet and peace-
able possession thereof; otherwise that without delay you show
us reason to the contrary.’”

The commissioners were occupied several months in Massa-
chusetts and New York, and did not visit Maine until June,
1665. In the meantime, however, Massachusetts endeavored
to support her authority in the province; she held her court
as usual in July, 1664, at which associates and town commis-
sioners were returned and approved. Munjoy was chosen one
of the associates ; and the commissioners from Scarborough and

1 Jocelyn’s voyages,

2 This letter may be found on Massachusetts Records, and also in Hutchin-
son's Collection.
THE NEW GOVERNMENT. 159

Falmouth were Henry Jocelyn, George Munjoy, Richard Fox-
well,! Francis Neale, and Henry Watts ; they were all approved
but Henry Watts; Anthony Brackett was chosen constable of
Falmouth.

Archdale, however, immediately after his arrival, came into
the province, and was not idle in the use of his authority. He
granted commissions to Henry Jocelyn of Black Point, Robert
Jordan of Spurwink, Francis Neale of Casco, and to persons in
every other town in the province, who by virtue thereof under-
took to conduct public affairs independently of Massachusetts.
Jocelyn, Jordan, Archdale, and Edward Rishworth addressed
a letter to the Governor and Council of Massachusetts in 1664,
requiring them to surrender the government to Mr. Gorges or
his commissioners, according to his majesty’s pleasure, signi-
fied in his letter of June 11. To this application the answer
was, “The council assembled do declare that the lands in the
county of York, by them called the province of Maine, were
and are claimed as part of the patent granted to Massachu
setts, which patent precedes the patent granted to Sir F. Gorges,
otherwise the council may not give up the interest of the colony
without the consent of the general court.’”

The general court at their session in May following, 1665,
endeavored to encourage their friends in the province by affirm-
ing their title, and declaring their determination “still to
extend their government over them as formerly, and that the
county court at York should be held at the time appointed,
according to law;” they “further inform the people of that
county, that they intend to return to his majesty an account of
the reasons why they have not rendered the government of
that county to the agent of Mr. Gorges, and a map of their

1 Foxwell was an early and very respectable inhabitant of Blue Point, in
Scarborough; he married a daughter of Richard Bovython of Saco, and left a
numerous posterity. Mr. Folsom in his history of Saco has furnished ample
particulars relating to this family and of most of the early settlers of that town.

2 Massachusetts Records.
160 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

north bounds or line, which demonstrates the ground of their
government there.” In pursuance of this resolution, two per-
sons were employed to prepare a map of the colony, and a de-
tailed statement was drawn up, containing a description of the
boundary linc, the report of the surveyors, etc., which they
entitled “certain reasons tending to manifest that the patent
right of the northerly line of the charter doth belong to the
Massachusetts Colony in New England.’”!

They also sent down Thomas Danforth, Eleazar Lusher, and
John Leverett, Esqrs., with full power to call before them “any
and every person or persons that have or shall act in the dis-
turbance or reviling of the government there settled, according
to his majesty’s royal charter to this colony, under the broad
seal of England.’ But these exertions were fruitless, the com-
missioners had now arrived in Maine, and the spirit of disaffec-
tion was diffused over the whole province. The commissioners
not only released the people from all obligations to the govern-
ment of Massachusetts, but also by an assumption of power, from
the authority of Gorges himself. In their proclamation issued
from York, June 23, 1665, they say, “In his majesty’s name
we require and command all the inhabitants of this province to
yicld obedience to the said justices acting according to the laws
of England as near as may be. And in his majesty’s name
we forbid as well the commissioners of Mr. Gorges, as the cor-
poration of Massachusetts bay, to molest any of the inhabitants
of this province with their pretences, or to exercise any author-
ity within this province, until his majesty’s pleasure be further
known, by virtue of their pretended rights.’

They state as a reason for this course, that they had “re-
ceived several petitions from the inhabitants,” in which they
had desired to be “taken into his majesty’s immediate protection

1 Massachusetts Records.

2 York Records.
THE NEW GOVERNMENT. 161

and government ;”! they then make the following declaration:
“We, by the powers given us by his sacred majesty under his
great seal of England, do by these presents receive all his
majesty’s good subjects living within the province of Maine,
into his majesty’s more immediate protection and government.
And by the same powers and to the end the province may be
well governed, we hereby nominate and constitute Mr. F.
Champernoon and Mr. R. Cutts of Kittery, Mr. Edward John-
son and Mr. Edward Rishworth of York, Mr. Samuel Whceel-
wright of Wells, Mr. Francis Hooke and Mr. William Phillips
of Saco, Mr. George Munjoy of Casco, Mr. Henry Jocelyn of
Black Point, Mr. Robert Jordan of Richmond’s Island, and
Mr. John Wincoll of Newichawanock, Justices of the Peace ;
and we desire and in his majesty’s name we require them and
every of them to execute the office of a Justice of the Peace
within the province of Maine.” Any three of these magis-
trates were authorized to meet at convenient times and places
“‘to hear and determine all cases both civil and criminal and to
order all the affairs of the province for the peace, safety, and
defence thereof’ according to the laws of England.

It will be perceived that the magistrates before mentioned,
were those who had not only taken the oaths of freedom and
fidelity to Massachusetts, but were several of them, the very
p2rsons who had just before received a commission from Gorges
for the preservation of his authority in the province. They
seem to have put off their fealty with the same facility they
did their doublets. But we suppose they justified their course
by the paramount power of the commissioners, who in this
particular seem to have exceeded the letter of their instruc-
tions and the main object of their trust, which was to restore
the province to Gorges.

1 John Jocelyn gives this account of the matter: “His majesty that now reign-
eth sent over his commissioners to reduce them (Massachusetts) within their
bounds, and to put Mr. Gorges again into possession. But there falling ont a

contest about it, the commissioners settle it in the king’s name, until the business
should he determined before his majesty.”
162 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

That neither this new project of independence nor a separa-
tion from Massachusetts were acceptable to many of the peo-
ple, may be inferred from the following petition addressed to
the king by the inhabitants of Casco; which, though somewhat
long, commends itself to a place in this history. It was pre-
pared immediately after the declaration of the commissioners
was published, and before they left the province.

“To the king’s most excellent majesty, the humble petition
of the inhabitants of Casco upon the province of Maine, in
New England, wherein, according to his majesty’s command,
is rendered their reasons why they could not submit to Mr.
Gorges.

Most dread Sovereign,

Pardon, we humbly beseech, if we presume to address our
most gracious and loving father, whose gracious eye and fa-
therly care is toward us the m2anest of your subjects inhabiting
the northerly parts of your dominions in this wilderness, as we
understand your gracious letter to us. For the which fatherly
and gracious care of us therein expressed, we beseech, though
we be but one of ten that presume to return thanks, pardon, we
humbly beseech you, our presumption, who have the royal scep-
tre of your command for so doing, and accept of our bounded
thankfulness, who upon our bended knees do return unto your
sacred majesty most humble and hearty thanks for the same.

And whereas your majesty was pleased to demand our sub-

“mission to Mr. Gorges, or else forthwith to render our reasons,
may it please your most sacred majesty, we have no reasons as
of ourselves, having nothing to say against Mr. Gorges or his
government, but if it shall please your majesty so to determine
it, we shall cheerfully and willingly submit to it.

1st Reason. But when we first submitted to the government
of Massachusetts, we did engage to be under their government,
till such time as your majesty should determine us as proper
to any other regulation, your majesty being pleased to send to
PETITION OF THE INHABITANTS OF CASO, 163

them demanding, as we are informed, their resignation of. us,
or else to show their entire reasons, which they say they have
undertaken to do, and therefore have commanded us in your
majesty’s name to continue under their government, till it shall
be determined by your majesty: against whom we have nothings
cto say, but have by good experience, found that expression of
your majesty verified concerning them, that whereas they have
exceeded others in piety and sobriety, so God hath blessed them
above others: so we having had piety so countenanced, and
justice so well executed, that we found God's blessing in our
lawful callings and endeavors, more in one year than in several
before or since our late troubles.

2nd Reason. Since which, most gracious sovereign, it hath
pleased your majesty’s most honorable commissioners to forbid
our submission either to Massachusetts or Mr. Gorges; and
we humbly beseech your majesty not to impute it to any dis-
loyalty in us, if your majesty find not our names inserted in a
petition directed to your sacred majesty for the removal of the
government both from the Massachusetts and Mr. Gorges, we
having no just cause of complaint against either, we being like-
wise taught out of the word of God, that obedience is better
than sacrifice, especially of that which is none of our own and
of which for ought we know, your majesty hath long since dis-
posed of or if not, we presume your majesty knoweth bet-
ter how to dispose of your own than we to direct; we here
professing to your sacred majesty, it is the only height of our
desires, without any sinister or by respects to be wholly and
solely where God by his providence and your command shall
cast us.

Thus having according to your majesty’s commands and our
weak abilities, rendered all our reasons we have or know of, we
humbly beg your majesty’s determination by reason of the sad
contentions that hath been and is now among us, not without
some threatening of us, who did not join with our neighbors
in petitioning against Mr. Gorges and the Massachusetts, hum-

¥
164 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

bly begging your gracious and fatherly eye to be towards us,
we only desiring as much as in us lieth, to act in the upright-
ness of our hearts in the sight of the Almighty, your gracious
majesty, and all mon, desiring rather to submit, than to con-
tend or direct what government or governors your majesty
shall please to appoint over us.

~ Thus with our prayers to the God of heaven to pour upon
your majesty all the blessings heaven and earth can afford, both
spiritual, temporal, and eternal, beseeching. him in whose hands
are the hearts of kings, to direct your sacred majesty so to
dispose of us as may make most for the glory and honour of
God, your sacred majesty and the good of your poor subjects,
we prostrate ourselves at your majesty’s feet, and subscribe, as
your due and our duty is,

Your majesty’s ever faithful and obedient subjects, to be
obedient where your majesty shall please to command us, to
the utmost of our lives and fortunes. | August 1, 1665. -

Henry Williams, Ambrose Borden, George Lewis, John .
Lewis, Thomas Skilling, Thomas Skilling, John Skilling, John
Cloyes, Thomas Wakely, John Rider, Nathanicl Wallis, George
Cleeves, George Munjoy, Francis Neale, Phineas Rider, Rich-
ard Martin, Benjamin Atwell, John Ingersoll, George Inger-
soll, John Wakely, John Phillips, Robert Corbin.’!

1 This document is preserved by Hutchinson in his collection of papers, p. 396.
All the above signers were inhabitants of Falmouth but Henry Williams and
Ambrose Boaden, who both lived in Scarborough. Williams was clerk of Sear-
borough in 1669 and 1670. Boaden died in 1676; he lived on the west side of
Spurwink river, near the mouth, on a place which he had occupied thirty years.
The two by the name of Thomas Skilling were father and son, Beside the per-
sons who signed the foregoing petition, the other inhabitants of the town at that
time were James Andrews, Anthony Brackett, Thaddeus Clarke, Lawrence
Davis, Humphrey Durham, Walter Gendall, John Guy, Robert Jordan, Michael
Madiver, Joseph Phippen, George Phipp2n, Sampson Penley, Thomas Staniford,
Robert Staniford, Ralph Turner, John Wallis, James Ross, Jenkin Williams,
Nathaniel Wharff; a majority of these lived upon the south side of Fore river,
al Purpooduck and Spurwink.
DISSATISFACTION OF THE INHABITANTS. 165

The other party on the other hand petitioned, that the pro-
vince might continue under the king’s immediate protection, and
that Sir Robert Carr, one of the commissioners, might be ap-
pointed their governor. This petition was lost at sea. The
commissioners proceaded from this provinee to the cast side of
Keunebeck river, where, after having constituted a government,
they returned to Massachusetts. They made a report of their
proceedings in Maine, from which a few extracts will be made;
we have already quoted in the beginning of this chapter, a part
that related to the treatment of Mr. Jordan; in this connec-
tion they add, “One gentleman, who refused to submit to
Massachusetts and suffered great loss by them, shewed the
commissioners a warrant the Massachusetts had made to have
him brought to Boston alive or dead.’?! “This province upon pe-
tition of the inhabitants and the difference between Mr. Gorges’
commissioners and the Massachusetts, his majesty’s commission-
ers took into his majesty’s protection and government and ap-
pointed Justices of the Peace to govern them until his majesty’s
pleasurs b> furthar knowa. Th2 inhavitants afterward poti-
tioned his majesty that they might always continue under his
majesty’s immediate government and that Sir Robert Carr might
continue their governor under his majesty, which petition was
lost atsea. In this province also lives an Indian Sachem, who
lives near to the great lake from whence flows Merrimack river,
he petitioned his majesty to take him into his protection, which
was also lost.”” “In this province there are but few towns and
those much scattered, as generally they are throughout New
England; they are rather farms than towns; but in this pro-
vince there is a bay called Casco bay, in which there are very
many islands, two outlets to the sea, many good harbors, and
great store of fish and oysters,’ crabs and lowsters.””’ Party

1This probably refers to John Bonython, of Sico, upon whose head a price
was set.

2The oysters have long since departed.

3'The commissioners did not again return to the province, Carr went to Eng-
166 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

feeling raged high in the province at this time; the middle class
of the people were undoubtedly satisfied with the government of
Massachusetts, which secured to them a steady administration
of the laws and a protection of their persons and property ;
the leaders on the contrary were probably stimulated by mo-—
tives of ambition, as well as by their hostility to Massachusetts,
to the course they pursued. They doubtless thought the
chances of success in resisting the persevering claims of their
ever watchful and energetic neighbor were more favorable un-
der the auspices of the king, than under those of an individual
proprietor. The part taken by Munjoy in these difficulties is
not clearly exhibited ; he was appointed to one of the most
honorable places in the province, respectively, by the govern-
ment of Massachusetts, by Gorges, and by the commissioners ;
that he continued friendly to Massachusetts we can have no
doubt ; he expressed it by subscribing the petition we have in-
troduced ; but it is also certain that he accepted the appoint-
ment of the commissioners and discharged its duties.!. The

1 Sept. 12, 1665, George Munjoy gave a bond in the sum of twenty pounds,
that in retailing of wine, liquor, and strong drink of any sort, he would not make
any breach of good order, as he will answer for it according to law to Henry
JovelynJand Robert Jordan, Justices of the Peace. In 1666, he was appointed
by the new government to erect a prison in Falmouth, by which it would seem
that he possessed their confidence.

 

land and died the day after his arrival, June 1, 1667. Cartwright, who kept
memoranda of their proceedings, was captured by the Dutch on his passage home
and lost all his papers. Col. Nichols did not come into this provinee, but went
from Massachusetts to New York, of which province he was governor. Mr, May-
erick was in Boston in 1666, but what became of him we are not informed; he
was son of the early planter upon Noddle’s Island, in Boston harbor, who died in
1664; his wife was a daughter of the Rev. John Wheelwright of Boston, Exeter,
Wells, and finally of Salisbury, of whom frequent notices may be found in Say-
age’s edition of Winthrop’s Journal.— Hutchinson's Collection, p. 412. [Maverick
died about 1666; in that year his brother-in-law, Francis Hooke, of Kittery,
took administration on his estate. His widow married William Bradbury in
1672.]
DISSATISFACTION OF THE INHABITANTS. 157

course taken by Jocelyn and Jordan is not to be wondered at ;
they yielded reluctantly to the power of Massachusetts in the
first place ; but all the while they carried a thorn in their
bosoms; and whenever a favorable opportunity offered, they
were the first to seize it to break from their allegiance. This
party supported by the favor of royalty now enjoyed a brief
triumph, and administered the affiirs of the province for about
three years.*

* [Particulars of the appointment. and the proceedings of the commissioners,
the petitions of the inhabitants, etc., may be seen in Mr. Folsom’s “Catalogue
of original documents relating to Maine,” in the English archives, p. p. 58-64. The
original documents, p. 52, contain a letter from Edward Godfrey, 1660, “Some
time governor of the provinee of Maine, concerning the consequence of that
province and the usurpation of the Bostoners.” He says, “I ever tould you that
Pascatowaie river and the province of Maine is of more consarnment to his ma-

jestie for trade present and futuer, with discoyery of the country, than all New
England besides.”
CHAPTER VI.

1685 to 1G7h,

PaoczspIvas OF THS New Govarymcnt—Ovurts IN Cis), Persons Presented, Stats or Morars—
CLsEva's DEATIT AND CHARACTER—THOMAS SKILLING'S DEATH AND FAMILY—GOVERNMENT OF Mass.
RESTIRED—JORDAN, JOCELYN, NEALE—FREEMEN PETITION GENERAL CouRT—MUNJOY LICENSED TO

 

RETAIL—EASTERN LINE RUN. CTMEN—FALMOUTIE PRESENTED—SETTLEMENTS AT CaPisic, Srrovup-

WATER, AND PurpoopucK—D21TH oF Martin, WiArrr, BartLert, AND MILLS.

 

On the arrival of the king’s commissioners in the province in
June, 1665, the authority of Massachusetts was entirely sus-
pended, and the persons appointed justices by them immediately
entered upon the discharge of their duties. No notice is subse-
quently taken of Archdale, the agent of Gorges, and from this
time the jurisdiction of that proprietor over the territory forever
ceased. In January, 1665, the province was divided into two
parts for the convenience of the inhabitants, “in regard of the
remote distance of places and peoples.” The western division
extended to Kennebunk river, the eastern, from that river to
Sagadahoc; courts were held in each division, at York and at
Falmouth. A court was held in November, which, to convince
the people that there was no want of zeal in the new government,
“Straight let them fecl the spur.” John Jocelyn was presented
for absenting himself from meeting on the Lord’s Day, and also
“the towns of Falmouth aud Kennebunk for not attending the
king’s business at public courts as other towns do.” Each
town was fined forty shillings under the following presentment :
“We present the towns of Kittery, York, the Isle of Shoals,
Wells, Cape Porpus, Saco, Black Point, Falmouth, Westcus-
PUNISHMENTS. 169

togo,' and Kennebunk, for not attending the court’s order for

not making a pair of stocks, cage, and a cucking stool.”

Some of the punishments inflicted upon our early settlers
may be gathered from the foregoing record; the latter instru-
ment was reserved exclusively for scolds and brawling women;
a class of offenders which modern times have permitted to go
unpunished. It was a chair suspended by a crane over water,
into which the offender was plunged repeatedly, until her im-
patience and irritability were moderated. This species of pun-
ishment was quite popular both in England and this country in
early days.

In July, 1666, the court was held at Casco for the eastern
division by Henry Jocelyn, Major William Phillips of Saco,
Francis Hooke of Kittery, Edward Rishworth of York, and
Samuel Wheelwright of Wells; they are styled in the record
“Justices of the Peace, appointed by special commission from
the Right Hon. Sir Robert Carr, Lt. Col. George Cartwright,
and Samuel Maverick, Esq.”

The jury of trials consisted of four persons from Saco, John
Bonython, John Wakefield, John Leighton, and Richard Hitch-
cock; one from Scarborough, William Sheldon; one from Cape
Porpus, Morgan Howell; two from Wescustogo, Richard Bray
and John Maine; and four from Falmouth, George Ingersoll,
Anthony Brackett, Nathaniel Wallis, and Walter Gendall.
The grand jury consisted of fourteen, of whom but two, John
Wallis and Robert Corbin were of Falmouth. We propose to
make a brief abstract from the record of this term, to give an
idea of the administration of justice in that day, and to fur-
nish some interesting details relating to the province. Francis
Neale, ‘“‘attorney for the town of Casco alias Falmouth,”
brought an action against Edward Rishworth for granting an
execution against said town before judgment ; the plaintiff was

1 Westcustogo was tie settlement next east of Falmouth, afterward called

North Yarmouth.
12
170 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

nonsuited and twenty-one shillings cost allowed defendant be-
cause the plaintiff’s power of attorney appeared not to be valid,
when he arrested defendant. ‘By consent of the defendant
the action goeth forward ;” and the jury find for the plaintiff
five pounds damage and cost. ‘This verdict not accepted by
the court.” The jury went out again and returned a verdict
for plaintiff for three pounds. This was also rejected, and the
court ordered Mr. Rishworth to appeal to his majesty’s com-
missioners. This case gives us a favorable example of the
independence of the jury but an humble one of their influence;
Rishworth was a member of the court, and the cause is appa-
rently an attack upon his integrity.

“Several orders made at a Court holden at Casco, the 26th
July, 1666, for the eastern division of this province.”

“1, Itis ordered that the selectmen, together with the con-
stable of Casco alias Falmouth, hereby have, and shall have
power to take the oversight of children and servants, and find-
ing them disobedient and unruly to their parents, or masters,
or overseers, they shall have power to give them such due cor-
rection as they shall judge mete.!

“2. It is ordered that Mr George Munjoy shall henceforth
have power to administer oaths in all matters of concernment
unto any persons residing within the limits of the town of
Casco; he is likewise empowered to marry within the precincts
of the said town, and to take a lawful oversight of all weights
and measures, to see that they be according to the king’s stand-
ard, which is Winchester weights and measures, wherein if the
said weights and measures be found false or faulty in the hands
of any person or persons, then the said weights and measures
to be forthwith destroyed.

“3, Persons damaged by unruly horses might complain to
the next justice of the peace, who was required to summons

1 A similar power at the present day in the same sphere might not be without
salutary effects.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT, 171

seven of his neighbors to appraise the damage, which was to be
raised to treble the sum, and levied by distress. Any one jus-
tice was also empowered to summon seven honest men for a
Jury living within said town, to try any action not exceeding
forty shillings.

“It is concluded by this court that the last Thursday of this
instant July, shall be set apart by all the inhabitants residing
within this province, therein to humble and afflict our souls
before the Lord.

“It is ordered that according to the act concluded in other
places in the easternmost parts of this province against the
trading of any liquors to the Indians, that the same act shall
stand in force throughout all the limits of this province.”

The order relating to the prison in Falmouth has been be-
fore noticed. ‘It is hereby ordered and concluded that every
justice of the peace residing within the limits of this province,
shall have hereby power in the place where he liveth, upon any
Just complaint made out unto him or complaints against neg-
lectors of the Sabbath by not attending God’s public worship,
or profaners thereof, against drunkards, cursers and swearers,
or such like offences, upon consideration by the testimony of
a grand juryman, or one sufficient witness to call to account
and punish every such offender, according to the laws here es-
tablished.”

“Mr. George Cleeves binds himself in a bond of twenty pounds
unto our sovereign lord the king, to be of good behaviour to-
ward all men, especially toward such who at any time shall be
ordered by authority to inflict any punishment upon his ser-
vant Thomas Greensledge, for his disobedience or disorders.

“That whereas James Robinson, of Black Point, cooper, was
indicted the 26th day of July, 1666, upon suspicion of mur-
dering Christopher Collings, of Black Point, at his majesty’s
court holden at Casco, and being then tried by the grand jury of
this court and committed to us the jury of life and death, who
find that the said Collings was slain by misadventure, and cul-
172 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

pable of his own death, and not upon any former malice, and
therefore the said James Robinson not guilty of murder. Fore-
man, Mr. Richard Colicott,! 2 Mr. Richard Pattishall,! 8 James
Lane,? 4 James Gibbons,? 5 Edward Stevens,! 6 John Mayne,’
7 Thomas Stevens,! 8 John Wakefield? 9 Alexander Thoits,!
10 Robert Gutch,! 11 Anthony Brackett,! 12 Wm. Cocke,' 13
Richard Bray,? 14 John Leighton,’ 15 Robert Staniford,* 16
Richard Potts,! 17 Phineas Ryder,* 18 George Felt.? -
The courts under the new government were divided into
four kinds; the highest was the General Assembly, next Courts
of Pleas, Courts of quarter Sessions, and lastly Courts held by
a single justice for the trial of causes under forty shillings.
We cannot perceive that the General Assembly was held oft-
ener than once a year, which was at Saco in May or June; the
Court of Pleas was probably held three times, and the quarter
Sessions four times a year, in each division. At the term in
July before noticed, an order was passed that “the next quarter
session’? should be held ‘ton the second Tuesday of August
next,” and “the next Court of Pleas to be holden at Casco on
the second Tuesday in November next.” We perceive next
year that the court was held at Casco on the first day of Octo-
ber, from which circumstance in connection with the time of

sitting the year before, we should infer that the times of hold-

ing these courts were not fixed by law, but were determined
by the court at each session. At the November term there
were ten entries of civil actions. At the October term follow-
ing there were twenty-one entries and thirty-two presentments
by the grand jury. Of the latter, fourteen were against per-
sons “for absenting themselves from meeting upon the Lord’s

1 Those persons with this mark lived in the north-easterly part of the bay, on
the islands in that region, and on the Kennebeck river,

20Of North Yarmouth.

3 Of Saco.

4 Of Falmouth,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT. 173

day ;” against two of these, James Michimore and his wife, is
this entry, ‘‘these persons pretend they go to hear Mr. Jordan,
by an admonition they are discharged.”’ Three were presented
“for traveling on the Lord’s day;”’ against one of whom, John
Mosier, the following judgment is rendered: “John Mosier
fined for his offence five shillings and officer’s fees five shillings ;
this ten shillings to be forthwith paid, and if afterwards by two
evidences he can make it out that upon the Sabbath he traveled
purposely as he pretends to look after Mr. Lane, who that day
as the said Mosier pretended, was in danger of being drowned,
then the said Mosier is to have his ten shillings returned to
him again.”' The following extracts have perpetuated the his-
tory of a discord in the family of one of our early inhabitants,
the origin of which cannot be traced. “We present Julian
Cloyes, wife to John Cloyes, for a tale-bearer from house to
house, setting difference between neighbors. Julian Cloyes,
upon the court’s examination, is found guilty of the offence,
and is bound to her good behaviour unto the next court of
Pleas at Casco, in a bond of five pounds, and John Cloyes and
Peter Housing are her security.”” Again: ‘We indict Nathan-
iel Cloyes and Abigail Williams upon the evidences of Thomas
Cloyes and Sarah Housing for their misbehaviour toward their
mother-in-law, Julian Cloyes. In reference to the presentments
of Nathaniel Cloyes and Abigail Williams, touching their of-
fences, it is ordered that they shall make a public acknowledg-
ment of their fault done to their mother by their ill behaviour

‘ Mosier was the son of Hugh Mosier, an early settler in Falmouth, but who
afterward moved further up the bay. At the court in July, 1666, James Mosier,
eld2st son of Hugh, was appointed administrator of his father’s estate, and John
Mosier and James Lane were his sureties. James Lane came here with his fam-
ily from Maldea about 1658, settled on the east side of Cousins’ river in Freeport,
‘hes point and island near it are still called by his nam. [Savage conjectures
that Hugh cam> over in the Jane from London and arrived in Boston, June 12,
1632. resided in Newport, R. I., awhile, where he married Rebecea, daughter of
dob Harndell of Newport, probably second wife. His yon John moved to
Lung Island, N. Y., where he was living 1683. }
174 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

toward her, before the next training at Casco, or to forfeit five
pounds each person to the treasury, and for time to come to
give in sufficient security for their good behaviour, to the next
court of Pleas for this division unto our sovereign lord the
king.”

‘Nathaniel Cloyes and Richard Potts to give a bond of ten
pounds for the good behavior of Nathaniel and Jenkin Williams,

- and Francis Neale, the like bond for Abigail Williams.’”!

Some idea of the state of morals in the province may be
formed from the following records: “Ellnor Bonython being
examined by Esquire Jocelyn and Major Wm. Phillips, J. Pac.,
in reference to bastardy, but not finding on examination her
owning of the reputed father of the child, do therefore order
that the said Ellnor Bonython, for her offence, shall either with-
in one month from the 20th day of September, 1667, stand
three Sabbath days in a white sheet in the public meeting or
otherwise pay five pounds into the treasury of this division.”
‘‘Which five pounds her father John Bonython engages to
pay.”’? Bonython himself had been guilty of many excesses ;
and the vices of some of his children are properly attributable
to the evil example of their parent. It may be recollected that
we noticed a similar complaint against him in the former part

'T have before given some account of the Cloyes family antecedent, Chapter
4, p. 156, my conjecture is that Abigail was a second wife of Cloyes, that she was
a widow at the time of her marriage, and that Peter and Sarah Housing were
her children by a former marriage. In 1678, Sarah Spurwell, daughter of Julian
Cloyes, was charged with stealing goods from George Pearson of Boston, and
bringing them to her mother, in Casco. Julian was born in 1620. The family I
think came from Watertown, Massachusetts, after the submission to that govern-
ment. ° Abigail Williams was probably the wife of Jenkin Williams. One of that
name figures in the witch-tragedy at Salem, and is probably the same. A Sarah
Cloyes also appears in the same scenes. [Peter Housing, in a petition to Gov.
Andross for confirmation of title, says, That his father Peter Housing, was pos-
sessed of one hundred and twenty acres west side of Presumpscot river, that he
was killed before the Indian war, and his family forced from there, and since, his
widow has sold one-half to Gustian John, a Frenchman. ]

2 John Bonython was son of Richard, one of the original patentees of Saco.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT. 175

of this work. The simplicity of the punishment is only equal-
led by the ease with which it was commuted. The fatherly
care of the same court is displayed in their requirement in the
following case. ‘We present George Garland and Sarah Mills
for living together as man and wife, being never married, con-
trary to the law of England. In reference to the more orderly
living of the said Garland and Sarah Mills, and for putting
off future inconveniences, which will necessarily ensue such
incontinent courses; It is therefore ordered that George Gar-
land and Sarah Mills shall by the order of some justice of the
peace in this province, or some minister, be married within the
term of one month from the date hereof or otherwise they shall
not fail to give in a sufficient bond of ten pounds for their good
behavior to the next court of Pleas for this division.”’ These
persons lived in Scarborough. One other case of a more ag-
gravated nature, relative to an inhabitant of Falmouth, will
close this part of our subject. ‘We indict George Lewis upon
the evidences of John Lewis, Elliner Lewis, and Anne Ross,
for a person of wicked behavior as appeareth by oath to us, by
his frequent attempting to commit folly and wickedness with
his daughters. The court having considered the heighnous-
ness of George Lewis his offences, do adjudge him to pay in
five pounds to the treasury ; and to prevent his future miscar-
riage, to give in twenty pounds’ bond for his good behavior.”

Jobn Mosier and Phillip Lewis gave bond that said Lewis
should be of good behavior, especially toward his two daughters,
Anne Ross and Elliner Lewis, unto the next court of Pleas
holden for the Eastern division.” Elliner was the wife of John
Lewis, eldest son of George, and Anne was the wife of James
Ross, who was a shoe-maker and lived at Back Cove on land
adjoining Lewis’s. Phillip Lewis was also a son of George.

It cannot be disguised that the tone of morality in the pro-
vince was at this time and had ever been at alow point. Many
individuals and the government itself seem to have displayed
an earnest desire to correct abuses and elevate the standard of
176 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

public morals; but the state of the province had always been
unpropitious to the success of such endeavors. The popula-
tion was composed of the greatest variety of materials; a large
part of it was dependent upon fishing and hung loosely on the
community. This class of people, by the agcount of early
voyagers was excessively dissipated and led a sort of lawless
life. That part of the inhabitants which remained on shore
was scattered along upon the coast communicating freely with
those who lived upon the sea and partaking in a measure of
their irregular habits, which were not counteracted by an uni-
form administration of religious instruction. In addition .to
these causes the utmost confusion was produced by repeated
changes of jurisdiction, which not only displaced the heads of
government, bat subverted the laws themselves. For the first
fifty years after the settlement of the country we may safely
assert that there existed nothing like permanent institutions
or laws. During this period no party exercised authority with-

out being assailed by the sharp and persevering claims of oth- ...

ers, who pretended a right to the sovereignty and soil. Amidst
all these confusions and causes of irregularity, a high state of
public morals was not to have been expected in the community;
and although severe laws were occasionally passed and some-
times were severely enforced, they were entirely unable to
produce any permanent good effect upon the general sentiment
and habits of the people. It was not until the government of
Massachusetts was quietly settled under the new charter and
her laws diffused over the whole province that a decidedly fa-
vorable change was produced in the manners and morals of
the inhabitants.

In the records of the court held in November, 1666, George
Cleeves makes his appearance for the last time; the precise
period of his death we have no means of determining; but ina
deed from Anthony Brackett of land held in right of his wife,
to whom Cleeves had conveyed it, dated January 2, 1671, he is

mentioned as being dead. This event probably took place soon
CLEEVES’ DEATH AND CHARACTER, 177
after the first date, November, 1666, or his name would doubt-
less have appeared in some subsequent transactions. From
the great age of his wife, which Cleeves himself stated in his
memorial against Jordan in 1662, to have been eighty-seven,! it
may be inferred that he was very old at the time of his death.
He had been in the country over thirty-six years; was the first
who planted in that part of Falmouth which lies north of Fore
river, and was actively engaged in all the eventful scenes of
its history from its settlement to the time of his death. The
principal incidents of his life have been noticed in the progress
of this work, and sufficient may have been said to exhibit a
view of his character. He was a man undoubtedly of great
activity and enterprise, and although some circumstances ap-
pear in the history of his life, which throw a doubt upon his
moral principles, yet the medium through which we see them
should be permitted in a degree to relieve the shadows. Cleeves
lived continually in the midst of party, and was himself a parti-
zan anda leader. It would be strange if he should not have
been the subject of misrepresentation and calumny. In the
latter part of his life he certainly fell into neglect, and although
occasionally noticed, he did not rise, after his own administra-
tion ended, into the rank of the higher magistrates. This how-
ever may be accounted for partly by his advanced age and partly
by having lost the sinews of power in the disposition of his prop-
erty. At this distance of time and under these circumstances,
itis difficult to form a just estimate of the character of our
first settler: he now lies beneath the soil he first opened to the
cheering influence of cultivation; we ought not therefore to
deepen the shades that hang over some transactions of his life,
but to dwell on the palliating circumstances — to praise where
we can, and only to blame where we must. He had to contend
with difficulties inconceivable by those who are enjoying the
rich fruits of the toil and care —the weary days and anxious
nights, of the first settlers of our country.

*. co 1
1“My wife being no less than fourscore and seven years of age.”
178 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Cleeves left but one child, Elizabeth ; it does not appear that
he ever had any other, certainly no son lived to perpetuate his
name. His daughter married Michael Mitton, by whom his
posterity teems upon the land which their ancestor first occu-
pied. She lived until 1682, when she followed her father to
the quiet mansion of the dead. Cleeves’s wife was named Joan,
the time of whose death is not known. Elizabeth Clark, a
daughter of Michael Mitton, who lived to a great age, testified
in 1728, “That her grandfather, Mr. George Cleeves, lived on
his owh estate at Falmouth, many years after the death of her
father, Michael Mitton.*

Thomas Skillings, another inhabitant, died in 1667; by his
will, dated November 14, 1666, and proved October 2, 1667,
he made specific legacies to his sons, Thomas and John; to the
former “one cow and a young steer and a calf,” and “his fowles
to be divided between them both ;” the remainder of his prop-
erty he placed. at the disposal of his wife, “during her widow’s
estate, and if she marry she shall have but one-third and the
rest to be divided equally to all my children.”’ From the lat-
ter clause, it would seem probable that he had other children
than those above mentioned, although no others are named in
the will, nor can be traced by us. The inventory of his estate
was taken by Phineas Ryder, George Ingersoll, and Nathaniel
Wallis, his neighbors, and, his property was enumerated and
valued as follows: Housing and land, eighty pounds; marsh,
ten pounds; four steers, twenty-two pounds; five cows, twenty
pounds; three younger cattle, six pounds; two calves, one
pound ten shillings; eleven pigs, three pounds six shillings;
wheat and peas in the barn, three pounds eight shillings; eigh-
teen bushels of wheat in the dwelling house, four pounds ten
shillings; six bushels Indian corn, one pound four shillings ;
sixty pounds cotton wool, three pounds; household furniture,

* [April 22, 1665, Cleeves conveyed to Munjoy his field lying near his now

dwelling-house about six acres ‘‘as it is now fenced in.” Cleeves as well as John
Winter came from Plymouth, England.)
THOMAS SKILLING'S DEATH AND FAMILY. 179

thirty-two pounds sixteen shillings; making a total amount of
one hundred eighty-six pounds fourteen shillings. We have
presented the foregoing inventory, that some estimation may be
formed of the situation of our settlers at that early period.
Mr. Skillings could not be ranked among the first of our in-
habitants in point of property, and yet it will be perceived that
he had sufficient to render him independent; it gives us a favor-
able view of the resources of the people in that day. Mr. Skil-
lings is the common ancestor of all of that name, who now
live in this town and vicinity. He was here as early as 1651,
as appears by his witnessing a deed of that year from Cleeves ;
in 1658, he purchased a farm at Back Cove, of George Cleeves,
which he occupied till his death, and which continued many
years after, in his family; it adjoins Mr. Deering’s farm in
Westbrook, and is about halfa mile from Deering’s bridge.
His eldest son, Thomas, married Mary, daughter of George
Lewis, who was born in Falmouth in 1654, by whom he had
two sons, Joseph and Benjamin, and died early.'| The second
son, John, was an active and useful man many years in town, a
carpenter by occupation. He hada grant of land upon the
neck in 1680, anda large farm near Long creek, where he
lived, and part of which is now occupied by some of his num-
erous posterity. We shall have occasion to advert to this en-
terprising inhabitant again in a subsequent part of our work,
and shall therefore leave him for the present.

The government established by the king’s commissioners in
1665, expired in 1668, its last general court having been held
at Saco, May 29, of the latter year. The officers of it had re-
ceived no support nor encouragement from England, and it
possessed within itself no permanent principle nor power to

1The widow afterward married Jotham Lewis, and for her third husband,
Wilkins, and was living in Salem in 1732. [The Salem Records say, Thomas
Skilling and wife, Deborah, had son Thomas, November, 1643. Against wife isa
query? in the copy, General Register, vol. viii. p. 52, showing doubt as to wife's
name, we suppose. |
180 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

give sanction to its authority; the laws were therefore feebly
administered and the affairs of the province, consequently fell
into confusion. The people again turned their eyes to Massa-
chusetts, as a power willing and able to afford them relief.
Application was made to that government for this purpose, and
at the session of the general court in May, 1668, commissioners
were appointed to repair to York, and hold a court there, on
the first Tuesday of July. They also issued a proclamation,
requiring the inhabitants to yield obedience to the laws of the
colony, and commanded the secretary of state to send war-
rants to the respective towns to choose jurors, constables, and
other officers, for the service of the country, as the law re-
quired.

The commissioners pursuant to their appointment, held a
court at York, in July; Jocelyn and the officers of his court,
met there at the same time and protested against the authority
of Massachusetts, and the proceedings of the commissioners.
Some conflict took place between the two parties, which, as it
is particularly recorded in the general histories of the day, we
need not stop to notice. The commisioners of Massachusetts,
proceeded firmly in the duties of their appointment, and Joce-
lyn at length yielded the point with what grace he might. It
was evident ho was not supported by the paople; or in other
words, his paper authority was not backed by physical force ; he
therefore made a virtue of necessity. His brother, speaking of
this transaction says: “As soon as the commissioners (the
king’s) were returned for England, the Massachusetts enter
the province in a hostile manner, with a troop of horse and
foot, and turned the judge! and his assistants off the bench,
imprisoned the Major or commissioner of the Militia, threat-
ened the Judge and some others that were faithful to Mr.
Gorges’ interest. I could discover many of the foul proceed-
ings, but for some reasons which might be given, I conceive it

‘Henry Jocelyn.
APPOINTMENTS AND APPROVAL OF OFFICERS. 181

not prudent to make report thereof to vulgar ears, ef guw supra
nos nihil ad nos: only this I could wish, that there might be
some consideration of the great losses, charge, and labor which
hath been sustained by the Judge and some others, in uphold-
ing the rights of Mr. Gorges and his sacred majesty’s dominion
against a many stubborn and delusive people.”

Jocelyn wrote under the influence of deep feeling both per-
sonal and political, and his account is to be received with some
allowance. The historians of Massachusetts, on the other
hand, deny the employment of any force in the proceeding,
and attribute the change to the operation of public opinion.
Hubbard says, “In this order and manner did the province of
Maine return to the government of Massachusetts without any
other force, threatening or violence, whatever hath been to the
contrary judged, reported and published.” This account was
written some time after Jocelyn’s voyages were published, and
was probably aimed at his version of the revolution.

The hostile attitude being withdrawn, the court proceeded
to fulfil its commission; the five associates chosen by the free-
men, viz: Capt. Brian Pendleton of Saco, Capt. Francis Raines
of York, Mr. Francis Neale of Falmouth, Mr. Roger Plaisted
of Kittery, and Mr. Ezckiel Knight of Wells, were approved
by the court. The commissioners in their report say that five
towns made returns for the election of associates, “the other
two (as they said) being hindered by the justices ; yet in one of
them above half of the electors sent in their votes.” George
Ingersoll of Falmouth was on the grand jury, and George
Felt was on the jury of trials. Lt. George Ingersoll was com-
missioned as military officer of Falmouth, and Mr. Francis
Neale, Anthony Brackett, Arthur Auger, Mr. Foxwell, and
Robert Corbin were appointed commissioners of Scarborough
and Falmouth.

The jurisdiction of Massachusetts seems now to have been
again established over the province, and the people to have
generally submitted to it. The only indication of uneasiness
182 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

which we have met with, was the case of Jordan ; the follow-
ing order in relation to him was passed in 1669: “It appearing
that Mr. Robert Jordan doth refuse to conform to the laws of
this jurisdiction, ordered that he be summoned before Brian
Pendleton and Francis Neale, to answer, and if he refuse, a
warrant be issued to take him.’ This probably had refer-
ence to the exercise of some ministerial function. In 1671,
a warrant is ordered to be sent out against him, requiring him
to appear at the next court “to render an account why he
presumed to marry Richard Palmer and Grace Bush contrary
to the laws of this jurisdiction.”

Of Henry Jocelyn, we hear no more, in the civil affairs of the
country; he appears again in the accounts of the Indian war,
of which, notice will hereafter be taken; he had now reached
an age when the fires of ambition were abated, and a life of
retirement was more suited to his feelings than the discord of
political controversy. We cannot but entertain a good opin-
ion of Jocelyn; nothing has been discovered in the whoie
course of his eventful life, which leaves a stain upon his mem-
ory ; his opposition to Massachusetts was undoubtedly founded
in principle, both in a religious point of view and on the ques-
tion of territorial right. He probably became embarrassed in the
latter part of his life; we find that in 1663, being indebted to
Joshua Scottow of Boston, in the sum of three hundred and nine
pounds nineteen shillings ten pence, he mortgaged all his prop-
erty to secure the payment of it, and in 1666 for an additional
sum of about one hundred eighty pounds sterling, he confirm-
ed the former grant and made an absolute conveyance to
Scottow, of the whole of the Cammock patent at Black Point,
except what had been previously conveyed, together with
seven hundred and fifty acres granted by Sir F. Gorges, and
his “dwelling house, out houses, fish houses, and stages, with
other conveniences.” He however continued to reside here
a number of years after this, and until he was driven away
HENRY JOCELYN’S HISTORY. 183

during the Indian war.'' Scottow afterward occupied the estate.

1 Jocelyn’s family moved to Plymouth colony ; his son Henry married there
in 1676, the daughter of Abigail Stockbridge, of Scituate, aged sixteen,by whom
he had thirteen children. [All this note written above , isa mistake. It was
another Henry that married a Stockbridge ; he was the son of Abraham Joce-
lyn, and was a blacksmith in Scituate. The Henry of our history did not move
to Plymouth, colony, orif he did, he did not long remain there, and we have no
evidence that he left any children. His wife certainly had none by her first hus-
band, Cammock. Jocelyn, after the surrender of his fort at Black Point, went
to Pemaquid, where we find him August 2, 1677, in an official capacity, under
Gov. Andross. For six years he enjoyed the confidence of Andross and his suc-
cessors, was employed in most responsible positions in the Duke’s province, and
died there, leaving his widow, early in 1683, at quite an advanced age. We can-
not withhold the expression of Gov. Andross’s interest in this aged and valued
public servant. Writing trom New York, September 15, 1680, to Ensign Sharpe,
he says, ‘I have by Mr. Wells answered vours of the 7th instant, except what re-
lates to Mr Jocelyn, whom I would have you use with a!l fitting respect consid-
ering what he hath been and his age. And if he desire and shall build a house
for himself, to let him choose any lott and pay him ten pounds toward it, as also
sufficient provision for himself and wife as he shall desire, out of the stores.”

In July, 1682, he was employed in laying out a township on the Sheepscot river,
the remains of the settlement in which are still to be seen. This was his last
appearance on the records; and we learn by a letter from Francis Skinner, com-
mander of the fort, to Gov. Brockholl, in New York, dated May 10, 1688, that
he was then dead.

Thus was the eventful life closed, of a man, who, for a longer period than any
other in our early history, was actively engaged in public affairs. He appears
to have sustained himself in all his offices with integrity and ability, and to have
entirely secured the confidence of the various governments which he served.
He was sent over in an official capacity in 1634, and from that time to his death,
he occupied one public station or another in the province, a period of near fifty
years. 1am able to present a copy of the signature of this distinguished mag-
istrate, H. Jocelyn.]

Per me Henry Jocelyn, Associate.

om Hogg

Fh 1g Pruggyt Vole
184 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

His brother John is probably correct when he asserts that
Henry sustained “great losses, charge and labor in upholding
the rights of Mr. Gorges and his sacred majesty’s dominion.”

After the government of Massachusetts was established,
Francis Neale seems to have been the leading man in Fal-
mouth ; he was chosen associate for several years, and also one
of the town commissioners; and in 1670, he was their repre-
sentative to the venecral court. But in 1671, we find several
presentments against him at the county court, for defamation
for not attending meeting for defrauding the treasury of
fines due the country, and for instigating a man to tell a lie;
the witnesses against him were George Munjoy, Walter Gen-
dall, John Cloice, Sen., and Ralph Turner, constable of Fal-
mouth. The record does not furnish us with the result of
these proceedings, nor any clue to their origin.* Ralph Tur-
ner, who seems to have been the constable this year, was also
chosen in 1670; it does not appear who exercised the office in
the several subsequent years.

Robert Corbin and Phineas Ryder were town commissioners
with Neale in 1670, and this year Walter Gendall was present-
ed ‘for vilifying and abusing of the commissioners of Falmouth
and Scarborough commission court, by saying they had no
power to try above forty shillings, with other abusive words,
which was sometime in April last; he was sentenced to be ad-
monished and pay five shillings.” Falmouth is also presented

*[Neale moved to Salem after the Indian war commenced, and was admitted
an inhabitant of that town January 11, 1676, with the Ingersolls, Skillings, Jen-
kin Williams, and several other of the inhabitants of Faluouth, and died there,
not as Savage states, in 1696, for in July, 1699, he was still living in Salem, and
in that month united with Jenkin Williams in the conveyance of a large tract of
land in Falmouth, to David Phippen of Salem. That there can be no mistake in
this, he is styled Francis Neale, Senior. We do not know the date of his death.
He had sons, Francis and Samuel, and two daughters, who were living in 1663,
and are mentioned in the will of Jonas Bailie of Scarborough, as legatees. He
was repeatedly appointed commisioner for Falmouth, agent for the town, and an
associate under Massachusetts, and was largely engaged in the affairs of the
town and the province for near forty years, |
LICENSES TO RETAIL Liquors. 185

“for not sending a man to serve on the jury of trials last year,
and on the grand jury this year.”

We find in the records of the general court for 1670, the
following notice of Falmouth, but are not able to ascertain
the precise point to which it relates: “The court’s answer to
Scarborough and Falmouth deputies’ motion about freemen.
This court declares that it is the best expedient to obtain the
end desired, that those parts furnish themselves with an able,
pious and orthodox minister, and command that to them ac-
cording to the order of the county court.”! The next year
the subject is revived, and the following reply is made by the
court: “In answer to the petition of several freemen of Fal-
mouth, the court judgeth it meet to declare that in relation to
the persons to vote, etc., the law directs; as to the bounds of
the township, it is to be referred to the county court in those
parts, to consider and settle ; the other part of it being already
answered.’’ Some question had probably arisen in town in re-
lation to the elective franchise, and whether the severe laws of
Massachusetts excluding all but church members from the
right of voting, were applicable to these remote parts of the
country where no regularly organized church existed. Hence
the recommendation that they should supply themselves with
a minister. In 1669 the county court had ordered Falmouth
and Scarborough both to supply themselves with a preacher ;
and next year Scarborough is presented for not obeying the
order.

In 1671, Joshua Scottow and George Munjoy were licensed by
the county court to retail wine and liquors; and we have before
seen, that Munjoy carried on the same trade in 1665. Scottow
lived at Black Point, which was then a resort for fishermen
and traders in fish, beaver, etc. We have no intimation of any
person having been established in trade on this side of Fore

IThe same subject was agitated about 1660, See chap. 4. p. 127, for the
petition of the freemen,

18
186 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

river previous to Munjoy; Winter, as well as Bagnall, many
years before, had carried on a large trade on Richmond’s Island,
at an exorbitant profit. Munjoy’s place of business was on the
beach at the lower end of the town, not far from where Mr.
Merrill’s distillery stands ;* this continued the principal seat
of trade for many years.!. Munjoy lived there; his house was
constructed for defense, and used in times of danger fora
garrison.

This year Thomas Clark received a commission from Massa-
chusetts to run and ascertain the eastern boundary line of the
province of Maine; he appointed Munjoy to attend to the duty,
who in November, 1672, made a return, of which the following
is an extract: “From Clapboard Island, the place of Mr. Sam-
uel Andrews and Mr. Jonas Clark’s observation, due east,
takes in about one mile and three-fourths above New Damerill’s
cove, and along a little above Capt. Padishall’s house in * * *,
some part of Pemaquid and most of St. George’s Isiand, and
so running into the sea, and no more land east until we come
to Capt. Subeles’ Island, observed with a large quadrant, with
the approbation of Mr. Wiswall, who is well skilled in the
mathematics ; and is, to my best skill and judgment, our east
line from the above said island. If the honoured court were
pleased to go twenty minutes more northerly in Merrimack
river, it would take in all the inhabitants and places east along,
and they seem much to desire it.” Munjoy’s bill for this ser-
vice was six pounds ten shillings. This stretching the line over
the Duke of York’s grant afforded a pretext for the assumption

* [As all trace of the distillery has long since departed, in the obliteration of
the old land marks by the railway improvements, we may define the place of
Munjoy’s trade to have been near the foot of Mountfort street, about where
Bethuel Sweetser’s house and store are.]

' John Jocelyn about the year 1671 says, “Shop keepers they have none, boing
supplied by the Massachusetts merchants with all they stand in need of.” He

refers to the trade in English goods, with which our retailers were probably not
regularly supplied.
CASCO, ITS LOCALITY AND PROSPERITY. 187°

of jurisdiction which remained not long unimproved. The in-
habitants were desirous of being taken into the family of Massa-
chusetts ; and in 1671 and 1678, they petitioned the general
court to extend their care and government over them. The
opportunity was now seized, and in July, 1674, a court was held
there, and the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, by the consent of
the people, was established over the ee as far cast as
Muscongus Bay.

Of the internal affairs of the town during this period, in the
absence of all the town records, we can say but little, and for
that, we are entirely dependent upon scattered fragments gath-
ered from various sources. John Jocelyn, who returned to
England in 1671, speaking of this place, says, “Nine miles
eastward of Black Point lieth scatteringly the town of Casco
upon a large bay, stored with cattle, sheep, swine, abundance of
marsh and arable land, a corn mill or two, with stages for fish-
ermen.” And of the people of the province, he says, “They
feed generally upon as good flesh, beef, pork, mutton, fowl,
and fish as any in the world beside.’’ For further particulars
relating to the province, we refer to a large extract which we
have made from Jocelyn in the appendix. Jocelyn says Black
Point had fifty dwelling-houses in 1671. That town appears in
1675 to have had one hundred militia soldiers, while Casco had
but eighty; taking this ratio for a calculation, Casco would
then have had forty dwelling-houses; and by another calcu-
lation! which estimates the militia in New England, in 1675,
at one-fifth of the population, we should arrive at four hundred
as the number of inhabitants at this time. This probably is
not far out of the way.

The affairs of the town seem to have been administered by
persons selectcd for that purpose as in other towns, who were
called sclectmen or townsmen. The following notice of an
act of this authority is preserved: ‘Whereas there was a tract

1Trumbull’s History of Connecticut. Davis Morton’s Memorial.
°188 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of land granted by the townsmen of Falmouth unto Anthony
Brackett, as by a grant of the townsmen of said town, bearing
date of September 25, 1669, and’the townsmen of said town de-
sired us, the underwritten, to lay out the bounds of said land
as by an order under their hands, bearing date September 24,
1672, we have attended said order, and laid out the land as fol-
loweth, beginning at the point of Long creek and so towards
John Skillings’ house two hundred poles, extending to two
apple trees standing on a point of land near John Skillings’,
where Joseph Ingersoll hath felled some trees,” etc. Signed
“September 25, 1672. George Ingersoll, Thomas Stanford,
Thomas Brackett.’

This farm of four hundred acres was sold by Brackett to
Munjoy, January 2, 1671, and improved by him many years.
It was conveyed by his heirs to Samuel Waldo.

In 1675, Falmouth was presented “for not sending in their
vote to the shire town for nomination of magistrates and asso-
ciates according to law;” and at the samc term the selectmen
of the town were presented ‘“‘for not taking care that the chil-
dren and youth of that town of Falmouth be taught their
catechise and educated according to law.” This presentment
was made under a law passed by the general court, 1642, re-
quiring the selectmen of every town to see that none of “their
brethren and neighbors suffer so much barbarism in any of
their families as not to endeavor to teach their children and
apprentices so much learning as may enable them perfectly
well to read the English tongue.”

Previous to this period settlements had begun to extend up
to Capisic, and to spread in that vicinity. It appears by Brack-
ett’s deed to Munjoy, before mentioned, that in January, 1671,
George Ingersoll, Jr., had a house at Capisic, and that John
Skillings lived lower down the river toward Long Creek ; the
recitation in the deed is, “Whereas Mr. George Cleeves, de-

‘Original Paper in Clerk’s office, Cumberland.
LOCALITY OF EARLY SETTLERS. * 189
ceased, did some years since grant unto Anna Mitton, now wife
o° Anthony Brackett, a parcel of land and marsh lying at Cap
is'c over the water against the house of George Ingersoll, Jr.,”
etc., then in describing the land conveyed, he speaks of it as
lying “a little below the dwelling house of John Skillings at a
place commonly called Long Creek.” George Ingersoll, Jr.,
and Skillings were both young men, the former was son of
George, Sen., who was fifty-three years old in 1671; not only
the son but the father and two others of the name, John and
Joseph, settled in the same neighborhood. George Ingersoll
and his son George had a saw-mill at the falls, near where
Capt. Seal now lives. [1831. A son of the late Capt. Seal
occupies the homestead, 1864.]

In 1674, Thomas Cloice, son of John Cloice, and Richard
Powsland, ! settled between Round Marsh and Capisic, and in
1575, John Ingersoll joined them.* Cloice went first, he pur-
chased of Munjoy, May 20, a tract of land lying on the river
over against the mill of George Ingersoll, and running to a
creek between the meadow and Joseph Ingersoll’s house ;_ this
must have been situated north of where Stroudwater bridge
now is. Cloice immediately erected a house upon the place.
Next year, May 1, Munjoy sold to John Ingersoll a large tract
‘“‘at Capisic, bounded at the bounds of Thomas Cloice at the
east, being on the gully running down on the back side of said
Cloice’s house, on the south by the gully as it turns, and on
the west by the old path running near Capisic falls that went
down to the Back Cove.” Part of this latter tract descended
by mesne conveyances to Rev. Thomas Smith, by whom it was
sold to Jeremiah Riggs in 1735, who occupied it till his death.

11 have adopted here the early mode of spelling this name; his son Samuel,
who lived in Boston in 1720, spelt it Powsly, as did some persons previously. It
was sometimes written Pouselin and Pouseland.

* (Capisic has been pretty uniformly spelt from the earliest settlement. Its
formation and meaning it is difficult to determine. Mr. Ballard and father Vet-
romile, both good Indian linguists, give its definition as the “Net-fishing-place.”’|
190 ° HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

It is now, 1831, possessed by John Jones, Hsq., who married a
granddaughter of Mr. Riggs. [In 1864, it is owned by the
heirs of Jones.)

October 5, 1674, Nathaniel Mitton, with the advice of his
mother, Elizabeth Harvey, and friends, Anthony and Thomas
Brackett, conveyed to “Richard Powsland, now resident in Fal-
mouth,” fisherman, fifty acres of upland and marsh, the same
that was granted to him by his grandfather Cleeves in 1658;
the consideration was ten pounds in money and fish. This was
situated on the point west of Round Marsh; Powsland occu-
pied it in the first and second settlements, and his son sold it
to Samuel Moody, whose heirs in 1740 conveyed it to John
Thomes for five hundred pounds, under whom it is now held.
From the manner in which Mitton is spoken of in the deed, it
is probable that he was then under age, and deemed it proper
to express that the conveyance was made with the advice and
consent of his friends.

The inhabitants extended on the other side of Fore river,
though at considerable intervals from Capisic, to the point at
the mouth of the harbor. Th e Ingersolls clustered about the
falls; next to them was John Skillings; next to him and about
half a mile below Ingersoll’s mill, lived, after the Indian war,
Isaac Davis ; he had children born as early as 1660, but whether
he then lived there we are unable to ascertain; he was here
when President Danforth came in 1680, to resettle the town;
his land lay between Skillings and Munjoy’s four hundred
acres. On the other side of Long Creek lived Ralph Turner
and Lawrence Davis; further on, were Joseph Phippen, Samp-
son Penley, and Robert and Thomas Staniford. Joel Madiver,
a son of Michael, an old inhabitant, received a grant of
one hundred acres adjoining Staniford’s, in 1680; we do not
know in what part of the town he had previously lived. John
Wallis lived upon the point then called Papoodin or Papoo-
DEATH OF EARLY SETTLERS. 191

duck point.* Madiver’s one hundred acres adjoined the land
of Wallis ; the Whites lived near Spring Point.

While population was continually receiving accessions in
different quarters of the town, death was occasionally invading
its ranks. In 1673, Richard Martin died.t He had dwelt at
the point on the west side of Presumpscot river, which. still
bears his name, having married the widow Atwell, to whom it
was granted by Cleeves prior to 1640. We are unable to as-
certain the time of his arrival here; we first meet with his
name in 1657, unless he is the person referred to by Winthrop,!
as the father of Mary Martin, who was executed in 1646, in
Boston. Of that person, Winthrop says, he was a decayed
merchant of Plymouth, England, that his father had been
Mayor of that city, and that having occasion after coming to
Casco with his two daughters to return to settle some affairs,
he left his daughters in Mitton’s care. There is no improba-
bility in supposing these persons to be the same individual ; we
find no other of the name of Martin in the early transactions
of the place. The circumstance that there were two daugh-
ters in this family corroborates the conjecture ; Mary was exe-
cuted at the age of twenty-two, and Lydia married Robert
Corbin. Martin’s will bears date January 11, 1673, and was
approved by the court which sat at Wells the April following.
He appointed his wife executrix. He bequeathed to Joseph
Atwell six pounds, to be paid in goods “so far forth as his father

* [The name Purpooduck is still applied to the point and the shore lying west
of it. Dr Chute who resided sometime with the Delawares, procured definitions
from them, among which was Purpooduck, which they said meant a place often
frozen over. On the contrary Mr. Ballard suggests that it may be derived or
changed from the Micmac word Pulpooduck, which means a “Burial Place.”

The remains of an old burying-ground may still be seen a little distance from
Fort Preble near which stood a log meeting house, in which Parson Smith occa-

sionly preached. ]
+{Mary, wife of Richard Martin, died in Boston, November 25, 1659. Boston

Records
1 Winthrop, vol. ii. p. 802.
192 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

may not defraud him of it.’ After his wife’s decease his es-
tate was to be divided equally between Benjamin Atwell and
Lydia, wife of Robert Corbin. The property was inventoried
at two hundred and six pounds thirteen shillings ten pence.

Benjamin Atwell, before mentioned, was the son of Mrs.
Martin by her first husband, and Joseph was his son. The
manner in which the above bequest is made to Joseph, corrobo-
rated by other circumstances, leaves an unfavorable impres-
sion of Benjamin Atwell’s character. Joseph was then but
two years old; in 1685, the court appointed a guardian for
him; and he is mentioned in the record as being “their to the
estates of Benjamin Atwell his father, Robert Corbin his uncle,
and Richard Martin his grandfather. December 10, 1673,
Dorothy Martin conveyed to her son-in-law, Robert Corbin,
“all her goods, chattels, leases, debts, money,’’ etc., on condi-
tion of being supported during life.

About this time died Nathaniel Wharff, the husband of Re-
becea, eldest daughter of Arthur Macworth ; the widow took
letters of administration on the estate in 1673; the amount
of which by the inventory was one hundred and ninety-three
pounds eighteen shillings and six pence. The first notice we
have of Mr. Wharff, is a recognition in a deed from Mrs
Maeworth to him of March 28, 1658. It appears that he was
then married, and that he afterward lived upon the land at that
time received from his mother-in-law. In 1666, he conveyed
the same tract to his brother-in-law, Francis Neale, and de-
scribed it as the tract occupied by him. We have no notice of
any children but Nathaniel, who was born in 1662, and was
living in Gloucester, Cape Ann, in 1734. The widow after-
ward married William Rogers, and left two daughters, the
eldest Elece (Alice) married Henry Crown of Boston, and the
second, Rebecca, married first Joseph Trickey of Kittery, and
afterward. Downing; she was again a widow and living in
Kittery in 17382. The family of Wharff in New Gloucester,
the only one that we know of in this vicinity, came from

 
DEATH OF EARLY SETTLERS. 193

Old Gloucester, and is undoubtedly descended from the first
Nathaniel, and continues to preserve a portion of the Maeworth
blood, although the name has long been extinct. [The eldest
son of Nathaniel and Rebecca Wharff was eleven years old
when his father died. In 1684, he married Ann, a daughter
of Thomas Riggs of Gloucester, by whom he had thirteen
children. Nathaniel, his eldest son, born 1685, married Han-
nah Stevens in 1715, and had sons, Thomas and Isaac ; Thomas
married Dorcas Lane, 1738, and had six sons and two daugh-
ters.! His son Thomas, settled in New Gloucester, and died
there in 1835, aged eighty-seven, leaving issue; among them
was Thomas, who died February 18, 1864, at the age of ninety-
four. ]

George Bartlett, of Spurwink, died about this time; an in-
ventory of his estate, amounting to seventy pounds eight shil-
lings and six pence, was returned by Ambrose Boaden and Henry
Williams, February 14,1674. He had a daughter Elizabeth
married to Nicholas Baker, of Marblehead.

About the same time died John Mills, of Scarborough ; he
left two sons, John and James, and other children who claimed
his estate at Black Point, which the father had occupied thirty
years. John subsequently lived in Boston, and James in Sand-
wich. John married Joana, widow of Elias Oakman, of Black
Point, and daughter of Andrew Alger.

1 Babson’s History of Gloucester,
CHAPTER VII.

Tue Fiast INDIAN WAR—1NaABITANTS OF FALMoUTH, 1675—Desrruction or THs Town IN 1676—Fur-
THER ATTACKS OF THE INDIANS—MILITIA IN 1675—P EACE—PRISONERS RESTORED—W ALTER GENDALL
. —Ropert JordAN’s DEATH—BRACKETT—NAMES OF INHABITANTS IN Casco Bay.

In the beginning of the year 1675, the prosperity of the town
stood at a high point; population had been steadily increasing
in every part, and its various resources were rapidly developing.
Mills had been established at Capisic and on the lower falls of
Presumpscot river, and the borders of both rivers were occu-
pied by an active and enterprising people. But their opening
prospects were destined soon to be changed, and their hopes
crushed. In June of this year Phillip’s war commenced in
Plymouth colony. The English on the Kennebec river re-
ceived the first information of the movements of the Indians
about Mount Hope, the seat of Phillip, their chief Sachem, July
11. They immediately met together to concert measures to
discover the feelings of the Indians in their neighborhood, and
to disarm them if it became necessary. In consequence of ex-
ertions for that purpose, a number were induced to deliver up
their arms and ammunition. In this attempt some collisions
took place; the fear and the jealousy of the Indians were
aroused, and they began to suspect that it was the object of
the English to deprive them of the means of obtaining subsist-
ence, and by degrees to drive them from the soil. The out-
breaking in the east is to be attributed to such jealousies and
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 195

collisions, rather than to any supposed connection between
them and the Indians of the west.

-When mutual suspicion and recrimination were once excited,
it were futile to imagine that the Indians would respect their
engagements, the recollection of former kindness, or the dic-
tates of humanity and justice; and consequently open hostil-
ities became the signal of extermination. They first began by
gratifying their revenge, but they ended by an indiscriminate
slaughter of those from whom they had received favor as well
as of those who had done them injury.

In the beginning of September, about twenty Indians attacked
the house of Thomas Purchase, an ancient settler in Pegyp-
scot, now Brunswick, and robbed it of liquor, ammunition, etc.,
but did no injury to the females who were, fortunately, the
only occupants at the time. When complained of for this
depredation, they attempted to justify themselves on the ground
that Purchase had injured them in their trading,

Soon after this affair, a party of twenty-five Englishmen went
out to gather corn at the northern end of Casco bay, and at the
same time to reconnoitre the enemy. They discovered three
Indians in the neighborhood of some houses a short distance
from the water, and in attempting to intercept their retreat,
they killed one and wounded another; the third escaped, and
rallying his friends, attacked the English, wounded several,
and drove them to their vessel, with the loss of two boats laden
with the corn which they had gathered. This was the first
blood shed on either side in this vicinity: it was however the
opening of a vein, to use a metaphor of Cotton Mather, which
was made to flow freely for many months after.

The English having exposed themselves to censure by this
imprudent attack without a sufficient justification, removed at
once all restraint from the Indians. They had seen the blood
of their companions causelessly spilt, and they now sought
opportunities of revenge. These were not wanting along an
extensive and entirely unprotected frontier. In every planta-
196 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

tion the houses were scattered over a large territory, and the
only defensive preparations were an occasional private garri-
son, which, in cases of sudden emergency, afforded the neigh-
boring inhabitants a temporary refuge. The able-bodied men
in each town formed a train-band; but they lived so widely
apart, and there were so many points to guard, that they could
offer but little protection against the desultory and rapid attacks
of their subtle enemy.

The first visitation of their vengeance was upon the family
of Thomas Wakely of Falmouth, about a week after the affray
before mentioned. This unsuspecting family was composed of
Thomas Wakely and his wife, his eldest son, John, his wife,
who was far advanced in pregnancy, and their four children.
They killed the old man and his wife, his son John and wife,
with three of their children, in a cruel manner, and carried
one daughter, Elizabeth, about eleven years old, into captivity.
Next day Lt. George Ingersoll, who had perceived the smoke,
repaired to the place with a file of soldiers to learn the cause.
He found the body of John’s wife and the three children with
their brains beaten out lying under some planks, and the half
consumed bodies of the old man and his wife near the smoul-
dering ruins of the house.

Why this family was selected for a sacrifice we have no
means of determining; the Indians committed no further vio-
lence, but immediately withdrew to a distant place. The
daughter Elizabeth was some months after carried by Squando,
the Saco Sachem, to Major Waldron at Dover, where she sub-
sequently married Richard Scamman, a quaker. The Wake-
lys came from Cape Ann, and had originally settled in 1661,
at Back Cove, on the west side of Fall Brook, where a son-in-
law, Matthew Coe, died. The eldest son, John, had removed
to the east side of Presumpscot river several years before the
melancholy event which terminated his life; his farm was
about three-quarters of a mile below the falls, and between the
farms of Humphrey Durham and Jenkin Williams; his house
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 197

fronted the river “‘and stood within about a gun shot of said
Durham’s house.’”’! His father and mother from their advanced
age had probably taken up their residence with their eldest
son, or had gone there at this time in consequence of the gen-
eral alarm. Heis spoken of by Mather as a worthy old man,
“who came into New England for the sake of the gospel,” and
had long repented moving into this part of the country so far
out of the way of it.

The inhabitants in the immediate vicinity had probably drawn
off at this time toa more secure place, as it appears that Inger-
soll who lived at Capisic was the first to visit the scene, drawn
there by. discovering the smoke.

The enemy next made an attack upon Saco, where they
burnt the house of Capt. Bonython and the mills of Major
Phillips, with the house of one of his tenants. They were pre-
vented doing further mischief at that time, by the resolute
manner in which the Major defended his garrison. His force
consisted of but ten able-bodied men, while the Indians num-
bered from sixty to one hundred. They went from Saco to
Blue Point, where they killed several persons, one of whom
was Robert Nichols, and returning to Saco they committed
further depredations. They then moved westward marking
their way by blood and rapine. They afterward, in October,
returned to this neighborhood, killed Arthur and Andrew
Alger, in Scarborough, with several others, and burnt seven
houses there.”

1 Hallom’s deposition,

2The Algers or Augurs early settled in Scarborough, where they purchased of
the Indians a tract of one thousand acres about 1651. To this they gave the
name of Dunston, from the town in England where, they originated (Boden’s
deposition). The town referred to was probably Dunster or Dunstorre, in Som-
ersetshire. Arthur, in the division of the estate, took the northern part, which
was the highest English settlement in this region; it was separated from his
brother’s by a creek or brook ; he died without issu. Andrew had six children;
three sons, John, Andrew, and Mathew ; and three daughters, Elizabeth married
to John Palmer, Joanna married first Elias Oakman, and second John Mills, who
198 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Falmouth about the same time was again visited, and a son
of George Ingersoll and another man, as they were fowling,
were both killed. The Indians also burnt Lt. Ingersoll’s house
and others in that neighborhood, whose owners are not men-
tioned. The number of houses burnt cannot be ascertained ;
the last attack was probably confined to the vicinity of Capisic,
and we have no notice of any houses having been burnt but
Wakely’s, those at Capisic, and Robert Jordan’s at Spurwink.
They were generally spared it may be conjectured this year,
as we find the inhabitants still lingering among them and be-
coming the victims of more severe calamity the ensuing year.
At what time the attack was made on Spurwink, we no where
find an account; but Mr. Jordan had barely time to escape
from his dwelling house, when it was destroyed with all its
contents; Ambrose Boaden, Sen., was probably killed at the
same time; administration was granted on his estate the next
July ; he lived on the west side of the river opposite Jordan’s
house. Jordan moved to Great Island, now Newcastle in
Piscataqua river. Itis estimated that from the beginning of
August to the end of November, 1675, there were killed in the
province about fifty English and over ninety Indians.
In November the government of Massachusetts made prepa-
rations to carry the war into the enemy’s country, and a force

 

dwelt in Boston, where she died, and the third married John Austin. John, son
of Andrew, had several daughters, one of whom, Elizabeth, married John Milli-
ken, first of Boston, then of Scarborough, housewright. After the two brothers
were killed, and their houses, barns, and crops destroyed, the family moved to
Boston, Andrew, Jr., was master of a vessel and was killed in Falmouth in 1690,
leaving one daughter, wife of Matthew Collins. Matthew was master of one
of the transports in Sir William Phipp’s expedition to Canada, and died of the
fleet fever soon after his return; he was the last surviving male of that race,
and the name in this branchis extinct in this country. The widow of the first
Andrew married Samuel Walker. Several of Andrew’s children were married
and settled near him before his death; first John, then Palmer; the others fol-
lowed fronting the marsh in the neighborhood of Dr. Southgate’s house, whose
farm is part of the Alger estate,
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 199

was organized to attack the remote settlements at Ossipee
and Pequawkett with a view of disabling them from renewing
their depredations in the spring. But the wiftter closed in so
early and severely, that it was impossible to make any progress
through the forest, and the enterprise was abandoned. By the
10th of December the snow was four feet deep in the woods,
and was accompanied by such extreme cold weather that the
Indians were driven by their sufferings to sue for peace. For
this purpose a body of them repaired to Major Waldron at
Dover, and terms were mutually agreed upon for the suspension
of hostilities and for a permanent peace. But the encourage-
ment afforded to the people by this treaty was of short duration,
and the next summer the dreadful tragedy was renewed with
more violence and greater loss of property and life than during
the previous season.

The Indians engaged in these expeditions were from the Saco
and Androscoggin tribes, joined with the wandering sons of the
forest who inhabited the intermediate territory, and acknowl-
edged subjection to neither of those more considerable tribes.
The Sacoes were under the command of Squando, one of the
most artful and daring leaders in the war. The Androscoggin
tribe was under the guidance of Robinhood, a very prominent
Sagamore. The Penobscots were subsequently engaged in the
war, and, under the direction of Madockawando and Mugg, ,
performed their full share in the work of desolation and death
which were dealt out so freely to this devoted province.

At the commencement of the year 1675, there were rising
forty families in town, which were distributed in the different
sections as follows: On the east side of Presumpscot river,
James Andrews, Humphrey Durham, George Felt, Jane Mac-
worth, Francis Neale, Richard Pike, John Wakely, Jenkin
Williams, and we may add Rebecca Wharff, who had recently
lost her husband. On the west side of the river, were Benja-
min Atwell, John Cloice, Sen., Robert Corbin, Peter Housing,
Robert Nicholson, John Nicholson, and John Phillips. Around
200 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Back Cove, Anthony Brackett, George Lewis, John Lewis, Philip
Lewis, Phineas Ryder, James Ross, Thomas Skillings, Nathan-
iel Wallis, Thomas Wakely, and Matthew Coe’s family. At
Capisic, Thomas Cloice, George, George, Jr., John, and Joseph
Ingersoll, and Richard Powsland. On the Neck, Thomas
Brackett, Thaddeus Clark, George Munjoy, and John Munjoy;
Elizabeth Harvey at this time was a member of Thomas Brack-
ett’s family. On the south side of Fore river, Lawrence Davis,
probably Isaac Davis, Joel Madiver, Sampson Penley, Joseph
Phippen, John Skillings, Thomas and Robert Staniford, Ralph
Turner, and John Wallis. At Spurwink, Walter Gendall,
Robert Jordan, and probably John Guy, a faithful vassal of
Jordan. We cannot fix with certainty the location of several
persons whose names follow, Nathaniel and John Cloice, Jr.,
Henry Harwood, a shoemaker ; we are not certain that he lived
here in 1675, but circumstances favor the conjecture; John
Rider probably lived at Back Cove. We have also some doubt
whether Josiah and Nathaniel White, who lived at Purpooduck,
came until after the war. With respect to George Burroughs,
for a number of years minister of this place, we were for a
long time undetermined upon the question, whether he had
settled here before the destruction of the town or not; but the
discovery of additional evidence has satisfied us that he must
_ have preached in town before that event. The following rec-
ord would seem to determine the question: “At a general meet-
ing of the inhabitants of the town of Falmouth held the 20th
of June, 1683. Whereas there was formerly given to Mr.
George Burroughs, minister, a parcel of land, judged to be
about two hundred acres, and we being driven off by the In-
dians for a time, and in time reinhabiting; therefore for to
give people incouragement to come and settle down among us
in a body, we took part of said Burroughs’ land formerly given
him by the people of Falmouth for the end before exprest.’’
This two hundred acres was on the Neck, east of Robinson’s
Point, part of which was taken up on the resettlement in 1680
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 201

by the inhabitants. It seems evident from the phraseology
of the instrument that the grant was made previous to the
people having been driven off by the enemy, and unless Bur-
roughs had been a settler before that event, there would have
been no propriety in saying that a part of his two hundred
acres had been taken for the encouragment of new settlers.!
Burroughs was graduated at Harvard College in 1570, and
probably commenced his ministry here about 1674, and lived
upon the Neck; but no church was then gathered. ;

After the war broke out in September, and probably not
until after the destruction of the Wakely family and the slaugh-
ter of young Ingersoll, many of the inhabitants sought refuge
in more settled and secure parts of the country. The Jordan
family went to the Piscataqua, James Andrews and his mother
Macworth went to Boston, and John Phillips to Kittery. But
the greatest number fled to Salem, where, January 11, 1676,
by a vote of the town, they were “admitted with their families,”
‘inhabitants during the time of the Indian wars, according to
law.” These persons were George Ingersoll, George Ingersoll,
Jr., John Skillings, Goodman Standford, John Wallis, Francis
Neale, and Jenkin Williams, besides a number from Saco and
other towns in the province, to the number of twenty-one. The
record in relation to their admission in Salem is as follows :?

”

“These persons above named, being driven from their habita-
tions by the barbarous heathen, are admitted as inhabitants
into the town, they most of them informing they have provi-
sion for themselves and families one year.”

By this withdrawal from the scene of action of so many in-
habitants, the victims of the tomahawk were considerably

1 This conjecture has been rendered still more satisfactory and conclusive by a
letter from B. Pendleton, of Saco, August 13, 1676, which will be found in a note
in a subsequent part of thischapter, This speaks of “a brief letter written from
under the hand of Mr. Burras, the minister,” from the island in Casco, to which
the inhabitants of the town fled. See p. 205.

2 From Salem town records, by the favor of William Gibbs, Esq.
202 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

reduced, but still enough were left to keep the knife of the
sacrifice deeply tinged.

In the summer of 1676, the war was renewed, and all the
tribes from the Piscataqua to the Penobscot were engaged in it.
Several causes have been assigned for the outbreaking at this
time; one was the death of a child of Squando, supposed to
have been occasioned by the folly of some English seamen ;
another was that some Cape Sable Indians were enticed away
by a few Englishmen and sold for slaves. Another still, was
a general complaint among all the tribes, that the English
were prohibited selling ammunition to the natives, without
which they could not live. None of these causes is sufficient
in itself to account for such a universal rising as occurred at
this time. Some of the Narragansett Indians having been
driven from their own retreat, had fled eastward, and probably
brought with them all the feelings of hostile partisans, stimu-
lated by revenge, and smarting under the loss of property,
country, and friends. It is probable that these wanderers had
promoted a spirit of hostility among the Indians here. And
when they looked back upon the successes of the previous year,
the ease, and almost entire freedom from danger, with which
they spread desolation over the country, they were probably
ready to seize slight pretexts to break their engagements and
renew scenes so congenial to their minds.

The bloody tragedy was commenced on the 11th of August,
at the house of Anthony Brackett, in Falmouth. The leader
in this enterprise was Simon, who had not long before escaped
from Dover prison, where he had been confined for his former
murders, and found his way here by a counterfeit pass. He
had made himself familiar with Brackett and insinuated him-
self into his confidence. On the 9th of August, some ncigh-
boring Indians had killed one of Brackett’s cows, and Simon
promised that he would bring the offenders to him. Very
early on the morning of the 11th, he returned with a party of
his comrades and told him, they were the Indians who had
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 203

killed his cow; this party immediately went into the house and
took all the guns they could find. When Brackett asked the
meaning of this, Simon replied that “so it must be,” and gave
him his choice to serve them or be killed. Brackett of course
preferred the former alternative, and was bound with his wife
and a negro servant and carried away with their five children.
Nathaniel Mitton,' brother of Brackett’s wife, who was then
there, offering some resistance, was killed upon the spot.
Brackett lived upon the large farm at Back Cove now (1831)
owned in part by Mr. Deering, and his house was on the ridge
a short distance from the mansion occupied by that gentleman,
now, 1864, by a portion of hischildren. From Brackett’s they
passed round the cove to Presumpscott river, where they killed
Robert Corbin, Humphrey Durham, and Benjamin Atwell,
who were making hay on Corbin’s farm. The women and
children in one of the neighboring houses hearing the alarm
escaped in a canoe. Corbin’s wife with the wife of one of the
others, and the children of the third, were taken captive, as
was also James Ross, the constable of the town, with his wife
and children. They proceeded to other houses in the vicinity,
where they killed some of the inhabitants and made prisoners
of others; their names are not mentioned. Atwell and Corbin
were brothers-in-law, and lived on adjoining farms; Dur-
ham lived on the other side of the river. The alarm was
immediately communicated to another part of the town by
“one Pike,’? who, with another man, was in his boat on the
river a little above Corbin’s house. When they heard the re-
port of the guns they suspected some mischief, and immedi-
ately turned back; they soon saw an English boy running
toward the river in great haste, and a volley of shot was fired
which passed over their heads. Simon presently appeared and
called to them to come ashore, “but they liked not his curtesy,”

1 He was the only son of Michael Mitton, and died without issue.

2 Richard Pike lived on the west side of Muscle Cove; he had a son Samuel:
A Captain Pike commanded a coaster between Boston and Falmouth in 1688.
204 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and passing down the river with all speed, when they came
near to their own house they “called to the people to make
haste away toward the garrison-house, and bid the rest look
to themselves and fire upon the Indians that were coming
_against them.”

These Indians, or some of their party, went over upon the
Neck, where they shot John Munjoy, the eldest son of George,
and Isaac Wakely, probably a son of Thomas. Three men
who were going to reap at Anthony Brackett’s, having heard
from Munjoy and Wakely of the transaction there, left them to
return, when hearing the guns, they turned toward Thomas
Brackett’s, who lived near Clark’s Point, where they had
left their canoe, having probably crossed over from Purpooduck.
Here they saw Thomas Brackett shot down, and his wife and
children taken ; they then made their escape to Munjoy’s gar
rison at the lower end of the Neck, which had become a place
of refuge. Megunnaway, “a notorious rogue,” who had been
engaged with the Indians in Massachusetts, in 1675, was one
of the murderers of Thomas Brackett, and probably instigated
them to the bloody deeds of that day.

The persons who had found an asylum in Munjoy’s garrison,
not willing to trust the security of the place, fled the same day
to “James Andrews’ Island,’! which lies at the mouth of the
harbor. From this place Mr. Burroughs immediately wrote to
Henry Jocelyn, of Black Point, for succor. After they had
secured themselves upon the island, they recollected that a
quantity of powder had been left in one or two places in town,
which they were desirous of obtaining, as well for their own
protection as to keep it from the hands of the enemy. They
resolved therefore to take measures in the night to recover it.
They succeeded in the attempt, and brought away a barrel
from the house of Mr. Wallis? and a considerable quantity

1 Now Bangs’ Island.

2 It is not said which Wallis; Nathaniel lived at Back Cove, and John at Pur-
pooduck,
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 205

from a chest in a store-house; the Indians had ransacked
the chest, but had overlooked the powder.

Next day George Lewis, who had remained in his house with
his wife, without interruption, got safe to the island, together
with two men who had been sent by the inhabitants some days
previous to Major Waldron of Dover, to complain of Simon,
against whom suspicion had begun to be aroused. George
Felt also, who lived near Muscle Cove, having seen the smoke
which arose from the burning houses and barns here, had sus-
picions of the cause, and took his wife and children in a boat
to ascertain the truth; but when he came to a point of land,
probably at the mouth of Presumpscot river, he saw a quantity
of his neighbors’ goods lying there, which warned him of his
danger, and he sought safety upon the island with the other
inhabitants.

In this attack upon the town, Hubbard says there were thir-
ty-four persons killed and carried into captivity. The names
of those who were killed as far as we can ascertain, were Ben-
jamin Atwell, Thomas Brackett, Robert Corbin, Humphrey
Durham, Nathaniel Mitton, John Munjoy, and Isaac Wakely ;
the prisoners were Anthony Brackett, his wife, five children, and
a negro servant, Thomas Brackett’s wife and three children,
Corbin’s wife, the wife of Atwell or Durham, and the children of
the other, and James Ross, with his wife and children, making
seventeen prisoners, exclusive of the unknown number of chil-
dren in the families of Ross and of Atwell or Durham. Others
were killed and captured whose names are not mentioned. All
upon the Neck probably escaped by the timely notice they had
received, except Munjoy, Wakely, and the Brackett family. No
mention is made of any lives having been lost at this time on the
south side of Casco river; they were undoubtedly admonished
of their danger, by the burning dwellings of their neighbors, in
season to save their lives if not their property.'

1 The following letter written by Brian Pendleton, of Saco, two days after the
206 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

To what extent the buildings were destroyed, we have no
means of ascertaining. It seems that the houses of Lewis and
Wallis were not burned the first day, as one was visited in the

 

transaction, with which I have been favored through John Farmer, Esq., who has
the original in his possession, will be read with interest in this connection. It is
superscribed “ffor the Honored Governor and Counsell for the Matacusets at Bos-
ton, With all speed.” “Honored Governor together with the Counsell.”

“T am sorry my pen must bee the messenger of soe greate a tragedye. On the 11
of this instant wee heard of many killed of our naybors in Falmouth or Casco bay,
and on the 12 instant Mr. Joslin sent mee a briefe letter written from under the
hand of Mr. Burras, the minister. Hee gives an account of thirty-two killed and
carried away by the Indians. Himself* escaped to an island—but I hope Black
Point men have fetched him off by this time—ten men, six women, sixteen clildren.
Anthonyt and Thomas Brackett and Mr. Munjoy his sonne onely are named. I
had not time to coppye the letter, persons beinge to goe post to Major Walden;
but I hope he hath before this sent the originall to you, How soon it will be
our portion wee know not. The Lord in mercy fit us for death and direckt ye
harts and hands to ackt and doe wt is most needful in such a time of distress as
this. Thus in hast I commit you to Gidance of our Lord God and desire your
prayers alsoe for us.

Yours in all humility to serve in the Lord
Winter Harbour at night : Brian PENDLETON.”
the 13 of August 1676”

On the 20th of August, George Munjoy was sent to Falmouth from Boston,
with fifteen hundred pounds of bread, for the relief of persons there. In their in-
structions to Mr. Munjoy the government say, “Considering the distress the
soldiers may be put into for want of their provisions as also the distress of the
people on Mr. Andrews’ Island, you are hereby required forthwith to dispatch
said vessel away without delay and deliver the said bread according to the order
from Mr. Rishworth for the ends aforesaid and for the speedy relief of those
on the island, the charge whereof is to be borne _by that county.” by order of
Council.

Munjoy rendered this service, but not receiving compensation from the ex-
pected source, he petitioned the General Court for allowance in October, 1679.

The following letter from] Richard Martyn of Portsmouth, to Gen. Dennison,
contains interesting information relative to this period. *
“Honored Sir, .

This serves to cover a letter from Capt. Hathorn from Casco Bay, in which you

* Burroughs.

} His (information with respect to Anthony Brackett!was not correct ad we have seen; the letter
was no doubt written before his fate was ascertained.
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 207

night and the other continued to be occupied until the next
day. Hubbard mentions generally that the houses of those
killed and taken prisoners were burned, we therefore conclude
that those of the two Bracketts, Corbin, Atwell, Ross, and Dur-
ham at least, were destroyed. The houses no doubt, like most
of those of the first settlers in every new country, were of
very ordinary description, probably one story with thatched
roofs and wooden chimneys, many of them mere temporary
shelters built of logs filled in with clay.

The Indians proceeded with their captives from Falmouth
to the Kennebec river. On the 14th of August the war begun

 

will understand their want of bread, which want I hope is well supplied before
this time; for we sent them more than two thousand waight; which I suppose
they had last Lord’s day night: the boat that brought the letters brings also
word yt Saturday night the Indians burnt Mr. Munjoy’s house and seven persons
in it, yt is his house at ye fishing Island. The Sagamore of Pegwackuk is taken
and kil’d and one In. Sampson by our army; but the enemy is doing mischiefe
apace. Qn Sabbath day a man and his wife namely one Gouge were shot dead
and stript by ye Indians at Wells. Yesterday at 2 of the clocke Cape Nedick was
wholly cut off only two men and a woman with two or three children escaped,
so yt we expect now to hear of farther mischiefe every day. They send to us
for helpe both Wells and Yorke but we had so many men out of our town yt we
know not how to spare any more. Your speciall speedy order for the impress-
ing some from the Shoales will be of good use at present. Sir please to give
notice to ye Councill yt supply be sent to ye army from ye Bay for they have
eatin us out of bread, and here is little wheat to be gottin and lesse money to pay
for it. Supplysmay as easily be sent ym from Boston as from hence, and should
there be another army come among us as I suppose there must speedily be wee
shall be very hard put to it to find bread for them, the Lord direct you and us
in ye great concerns that are before us, which dutifull service presented in haste

T rem ain
Sr your servant,

Portsmouth Sept. 26, 1676. Ricuarp Martin.
Directed,
To ye Honored Maj. Generall Daniel Denison these present
In Ipswich.
Hast Post Hast.

By an Indian yt was taken the army was informed yt at Pegwacket there are
wenty captives. D. Denison.”
208 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in that quarter, in the first scenes of which, our Indians were
probably not concerned ; Richard Hammond’s house was at-
tacked on that day, and himself with Samuel Smith and Joshua
Grant were killed. The Indians then divided, eleven went up the
river and captured Francis Card and his family, the remainder
went down to Arrowsic Island, now Georgetown, took the fort
by surprise, killed Capt. Thomas Lake, one of the chief proprie-
tors, with many others, and wounded several, among whom
was Capt. Silvanus Davis, afterward a prominent inhabitant of
Falmouth. Here they were joined by the Indians from Fal-
mouth and those who went up the river, and laid plans of
future depredations.

It was on this occasion that Anthony Brackett and his family
escaped out of their hands by means of an old birch canoe
which his wife repaired with a needle}and thread found ina
deserted house. Their captors were so anxious to press for-
ward and share in the success of their friends on the Kenne-
bec, that they left Brackett and his family to follow after them.
Hubbard says, ‘In that old canoe they crossed a water eight
or nine miles broad, and when they came on the south side
of the bay, they might have been in as much danger of other
Indians that had lately been about Black Point and had taken
it; but they were newly gone; so things on all sides thus con-
curring to help forward their deliverance, they came safely to
Black Point, where also they met with a vessel bound for
Piscataqua, that came into that harbor but a few hours before
they came thither, by which means they arrived safe in Piscata-
qua river soon after.”

The Indians who had collected on Arrowsic in the begin-
ning of September were about one hundred, who having laid
waste the country round, one division went to Sheepscott and
Pemaquid, another made an attack on Jewell’s Island. Many
of the inhabitants had fled from the main to this remote island,
as a place of safety, and had trusted too securely in its distance,
without taking sufficient precaution against a sudden invasion.
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 209

There was at this time a fortified house upon the island, but it
was almost without occupants and feebly guarded. Many of
the people were absent procuring provisions for their families,
when the enemy suddenly made their appearance. The occu-
pants of the garrison resolutely defended it, until some who
had been abroad returned “‘and desperately broke in through
the Indians” to the fort, and prevented its being taken. The
Indians soon after drew off and the inhabitants were relieved by
a government vessel, which was called to their assistance by
some who escaped from the island at the time of the attack. Sev-
eral of the Indians were killed, and three of the English; two
women and two children were taken captives. The wife of
Richard Potts, who was washing by the water side, was taken
with her children in sight of her husband, who was unable to
afford his family any relief.

On the 23d of September, a number of. those persons who
‘had been driven from Casco and the vicinity, whose names are
not given, except George Felt’s, being driven by the distress
which their families were suffering for the necessaries of life,
ventured to go upon Munjoy’s Island! to procure provisions,
there being a number of sheep there. They had scarcely landed
six or seven men, when the Indians fell suddenly upon them ;
and although they defended themselves with desperate courage
from the ruins of a stone house, to which they had retreated,
yet they were all destroyed. Felt was much lamented; he
was a useful and enterprising man, and had been more active
against the Indians than any other in this vicinity. He left
a family, who moved to Chelsea, in which neighborhood his
descendants are yet living. His wife was a daughter of Jane
Macworth, by whom he had three sons, George, Samuel, and
Jonathan.°

1] think this is what is now called House Island. This unfortunate event is
referred to in Martyn’s letter, ante. p. 205, note.

2The father of George Felt was born in 1601; he lived in North Yarmouth
[three years. He was one of the Malden settlers, where he died in 1693, aged
210 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

As soon as news of the commencement of hostilities reached
the government of Massachusetts, measures were taken to
afford protection and assistance to the inhabitants. One hun-
dred and thirty English and forty friendly Indians were dis-
patched under the command of Captains Hawthorn, Sill, and
Hunting, who were to be joined with such forces as could be
raised in the province. They proceeded by the coast to Fal-
mouth, where the head-quarters of the enemy were supposed
to be. They arrived at Casco Bay, September 20, and although
every plantation west of it had suffered depredations from the
enemy, they met with but two Indians on their march. One
they killed and the other escaped at Falmouth to Back Cove
and gave notice of the approach of the forces to his comrades,
who had been heard a short time before threshing in Anthony
Brackett’s barn. They were thus enabled to escape. This
expedition produced no permanent advantage; wherever the
troops appeared, the enemy fled from their presence, and
nothing could be found of them but the desolation which they
had caused. They left this part of the country in the begin-
ning of October, and about a week afterward, the Indians
rallied their forces, one hundred strong, and, October 12, made
an assault upon Black Point, The inhabitants had collected
in the garrison of Henry Jocelyn, who endeavored to nego-
tiate a treaty with Mugg, for their safe retreat. When he re-
turned from this service to the garrison, he found the inhabi-
tants had fled to their boats and carried their property with
them, leaving Jocelyn alone with his family and servants ; he
was consequently obliged to surrender at discretion. !

1 Mr. Farmer has favored me with the following document. ‘A list of the in-
habitants at Black Point Garrison October 12 1676.

In ye Garison Daniel Moore Living muskett Ralphe Heison
John Tenney shott trom ye Mathew Heyson
Henry Brookin Garison Joseph Oliver

 

ninety- two. His wife died the same year. The Rev. Joseph B. Felt of Salem
the distinguished antiquarian and historian, is of this family.]
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. ‘O11

They next proceeded to Richmond’s Island; a vessel was
lying here belonging to Mr. Fryer, of Portsmouth, which had
been sent, by the solicitation of Walter Gendall, to preserve
the property upon the island. While they were engaged in
this duty, they were attacked by a multitude of the enemy.
Owing to the unfavorable state of the wind, they were unable
to get their vessel out of the harbor; the enemy seized this
advantage and proceeded to cut the cable of the vessel, while
part of them stood ready to shoot down every man who appeared
on her deck to render any assistance. Under these circum-
stances the vessel was driven on shore, and the crew, consisting
of eleven persons, were taken prisoners. Among them was
James Fryer, son of the owner, a respectable young man of
Portsmouth, who afterward died of wounds received in that
engagement; also Walter Gendall, who became of service to
the enemy as interpreter and messenger.

 

Nathaniell Willett
Charles Browne John Edgecoine
Edward ffairfield Michael Edgecome
Hampton & Salisbury Living thre mus- Robert Edgecome
soldiers. kett shott from Henry Elkins
In ye hutts wth ffrancis Sholet ye garison John Ashden
out ye Garison Anthony Roe John Warrick
but joining to it Thomas Bickford Goodman Luscome
Robert Tydey Tymothy Collins
Richard Moore Andrew Broune sen.
James Lybbey Andrew Broune
John Lybbey John Broune
Anthony Lybbey Joseph Broune
Samuel Lybbey Ambrose Bouden
George Taylor Constable
James Ogleby Tho. Cuming

Chris’r Edgecome

Dunken Chessom
William Sheldon
John Vickers

Rrd. Bassen

Ro’rt Eliott
ffrancis White
Richard Honeywell
John Howell

A list of ye names of those yt ware

prest by vertue

of Capt. Hartherne’s

order to be for ye service of ye Garison
of ye inhabitants aforesaid.

ffrancis Shealett
Edward Hounslow

John Herman
Sam’! Oakman sen.
John Elson

Peter Hinkson
Ried. Willin

John Symson

Tho. Cleaueley
John Cooke

Rrd Burroughs

James Ogleby
John Cocke
Daniel Moore
Dunken Chessom
Richard Burrough
William Burrage.”
212 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The affair at Richmond’s Island was the last in Falmouth,
during the war; and the war here may be said to have ccased
for the want of victims. Mugg, who had led the Indians in the
two last attacks, seemed now to be desirous of peace, and for
that purpose went to Portsmouth on the first of November,
carrying James Fryer, and offered to enter into a treaty. The
commanding officer there, not being authorized to negotiate,
sent him to Boston, where on the 6th of November, articles of
pacification were entered into with the government, by Mugg,
in behalf of Madockawando and Cheberrina, Sachems of Penob-
scot. Mugg,.as a pledge of his fidelity, consented to remain a
hostage until the property and captives were restored.

There was a great reluctance on the part of the Indians to
comply with the terms of the treaty, and on one pretext and
another they evaded the principal articles. They had no
reason thus far to be dissatisfied with the war; they had taken
at least sixty prisoners and a large amount of property, and
had lived upon the best fruits of English industry, while they
had lost but very few men. Their range over the country was
now unimpeded, and they had nothing but a dread of future
retribution from the English, to induce them to lay down their
arms. That so small a number of Indians should have been
able to have committed so great depredations and outrages up-
on such a long line of settlements, can only be accounted for
by supposing the energy and jadgment of the people to have
been overcome by panic. Although their habitations were
scattered and their preparations for defense feeble, still had they
in the first onset made a resolute resistance, they would have
inspired terror into the enemy instead of feeling it themselves.
It appears from an estimate presented to the committee of the
colonies in England, in 1675, that the militia in Maine, includ-
ing Sagadahock, amounted to seven hundred, of which eighty
were in Casco bay, eighty in Sagadahock, one hundred in
Black Point, one hundred in Saco and Winter Harbor, eighty
in Wells and Cape Porpus, eighty in York, and one hundred
THE FIRST INDIAN WAR. 213

and eighty in Kittery.!. The Indians never had fighting men
to be compared with this number, and yet they entirely de-
stroyed most, and for three years harrassed the remainder of
the settlements in the province.

Madockawando and Squando were the most powerful chiefs
during this war; they are described by Hubbard as “a strange
kind of moralized savages ; grave and serious in their speech,
and not without some show of a kind of religion.” “It is also
said they pretend to have received some visions and revelations,
by which they have been commanded to worship the great God
and not to work on the Lord's day.” These notions are attribu-
ted to their intercourse with Catholic priests. These two cele-
brated persons held in their hands for a time the destinies of the
eastern country. Mugg was the prime minister of the Penob-
scot Sachem, an active and shrewd leader, but who by his
intimacy with English families, had worn off some of the fero-
cities of the savage character.

The attempts at peace in the latter part of 1676, proving
unsuccessful, the war was continued through the next year;
spending its force principally in the western part of the State.
Simon who commenced the tragedy at Casco, was not idle in
its closing scenes. On the 16th of May, a party under Mugg,
attacked the garrison at Black Point, which was resolutely
defended for three days; in the latter part of which, the active
leader of the beseigers having been killed, the seige was precipi- .
tately abandoned. This ill success was however revenged on the
same spot in the following month, when a large force having been
sent to that place, without experience in the kind of warfare,
were drawn into an ambuscade and nearly all destroyed.

1The daily pay of the militia who served in this war was fora general, six
shillings; captain, five shillings; commissary general, four shillings ; surgeon
general, four shillings; lieutenant, four shillings; ensign, four shillings; ser-
geant, two shillings six pence; corporal, two shillings ; private, one shilling six
pence.—Chalmer’s Annals, Indian corn was from two shillings six pence to three
shillings a bushel. A cow, forty-five shillings.—Mor ton’s Memorandum, p. 460.
214 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In the summer, the enemy were checked near the seat of
their power by the interference of Major Andross, Governor of
New York, who sent a force to protect the intzrest of the Duke
of York in his province. He established a strong garrison at
Pemaquid, which overawed the Indians of that neighborhood ;
the next spring they made proposals to the government for
peace, and commissioners were appointed to treat with them.
The commissioners, Messrs. Shapleigh and Champernoon, of
Kittery, and Fryer, of Portsmouth, proceeded to Casco, where
they met the Indians, and mutually signed articles of peace on
the 12th of April, 1678. By this treaty the people were per-
mitted to return to their habitations, and it was agreed that
they should occupy them without molestation, paying annually
to the Indians one peck of corn for each family, except Major
Phillips, of Saco, who having a larger estate, was required to
pay one bushel annually. The captives were all restored, and
an end was put to a relentless war, in which whole families
were sacrificed, human nature exposed to detestable cruelties,
and property wantonly destroyed. The doom of Falmouth was
pronounced at once; it was not called to transient and often
repeated suffering, but after the unhappy fate of the Wakely
family it was crushed by a single blow, and I do not find one
trace of its having been reoccupied until the peace. Some
of the persons from Falmouth who were taken captives, will be
briefly noticed; we have already spoken of the escape of
Anthony Brackett and his family ; the wife of Thomas Brack-
ett perished in the first year of her captivity ;! her three chil-
dren survived, and afterward lived in Greenland. James Ross
and his family were restored and afterward lived in Falmouth.

1 She was Mary, a daughter of Michael Mitton; her children were Joshua, who
died in Greenland, and was father of our townsmen, Anthony and Joshua, who
owned the large tract of land extending from Clark’s Point across the Neck to
Back Cove. Her other children were Sarah, who married John Hill of Ports-
mouth, and Mary, married to Christopher Mitchell, of Kittery. They did not
return to Falmouth. [Anthony and Joshua, Jr., returned on the resettlement of
the town and died here, leaving large families. }
WALTER GENDALL INDICTED. 215

Walter Gendall was subsequently an inhabitant of Falmouth,
and then of North Yarmouth, where he was killed. He had
exposed himself to suspicion, while a prisoner among the enemy,
of having betrayed the English, and was tried for the offense at
Boston in September, 1677. The record is as follows: “Walter
Gendall of or near Black Point being presented and indicted by
the grand jury, and left to trial, was brought to the bar and was
indicted by the name of Walter Gendall, for not having the
fear of God before his eyes, and being instigated by the devil,
in the time of the war with the Indians, in a perfidious and
treacherous way, against the inhabitants of this colony’s peace
and safety, sought to betray them into the enemy’s hands, by
his endeavour and counsel, contrary to the peace of our sover-
eign lord the king, his crown and dignity, and the law of this
commonwealth—To which indictment he pleaded not guilty,
and referred himself for his trial to the bench. The magis.
trates having duly weighed the indictment, and the evidences
in the case produced against him, found him guilty of the
indictment, and do therefore sentence him to run the guante-
lope through the military companies in Boston on the 10th inst.
with a rope about his neck; that he forfeit all his lands to the
country, and be banished out of this jurisdiction, to be gone
by the 6th day of October next, on penalty of perpetual im-
prisonment if he return again, and discharging the costs and
charges of this prosecution.” What was the nature of the
offense for which this severe punishment was inflicted, does not
appear; that there was some misinformation to the court about
it, may be inferred from the fact that he was soon after re-
stored to the possession of his lands and to public confidence.
In July, 1680, we find him acting as one of the commissioners
of Falmouth ; in 1681, he was appointed by President Danforth
to regulate the settlement of North Yarmouth ; in 1683, Fort
Loyal, in Casco, was committed to his care, and in 1684 he
was deputy to the General Assembly of this province. Gen-
dall’s name occurs first in Falmouth, as a juryman, in 1666;
216 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in 1669, he exchanged farms with Michael Madiver, of Black
Point, and is then called “Planter, dwelling in the town of Fal-
mouth.” June 3, 1680, he bought of George Felt, Sen., of
Casco, planter,’ one hundred acres “on the westward side of
George Felt’s ould house in Casco bay ;” this tract adjoined
Falmouth line, and was afterward occupied by Gendall. [He
was killed in the subsequent war, as will be seen hereafter. ]

Among the persons who were driven from Falmouth and did
not return, was the Rev. Robert Jordan. This ancestor of the
numerous race of Jordans, ended his active and uneasy life at
Portsmouth, N. H., in 1679, in the sixty-eighth year of his age.
His will was made at Great Island, in Piscataqua river, Jan-
uary 28, and proved July 1, 1679. He had lost the use of his
hands before his death and was unable to sign his will. He
left a widow, Sarah, the only daughter of John Winter, and
six sons, viz: John, Robert, Dominicus, Jedediah, Samuel, and
Jeremiah. In his will he confirmed to his sons John and Rob-
ert, the land that he had previously conveyed to them, which
was situated at Cape Elizabeth ; John had Richmond’s Island.’
He bequeathed to his wife ‘the ould plantation” in Spurwink,
containing one thousand acres, and lying between the lands of
his sons John and Dominicus; and also the Nonsuch farm in
Scarborough, containing two thousand acres. To Dominicus
he bequeathed one thousand acres at Spurwink, adjoining the
old plantation ; to Jedediah, one thousand acres, and to Samuel
eleven hundred acres, both at Spurwink. The particulars of
the various bequests may be found in the will which we have
reserved for the Appendix.?

Jordan has been so often noticed in the preceding pages, that
it will not be necessary to speak particularly of him now. For

1 Robert Jordan conveyed “Richman’s Island” to his son John, January 25,
1677, in consideration of ten pounds, a legacy from his grandfather Winter; he
made the conveyance as administrator of Winter.

2See Appendix, No. 6.
DEATH OF ROBERT JORDAN 217

more than thirty years he occupied a large space in the affairs
of the town, and of the province. He was an active, enter-
prising man,,and placed by education above the mass of the
people with whom he connected himself. Although he came as
a religious teacher, the affairs of the world and gratification of
ambitious views appear soon to have absorbed the most of his
attention and to have alienated him from his profession.* His
posterity for many years exercised very great influence in the
concerns of the town, and long maintained a high standing in
the province. They are still very numerous and respectable.
John and Robert did not fix their permanent residence here ;
the former married Elizabeth, daughter of Elias Stileman, of
Portsmouth, in 1677 or 1678 ; and Robert conveyed to Nathaniel
Fryer, of Portsmouth, July 14, 1679, “the land in Cape Eliza-
beth which he received of his father.” Part of the “ould
plantation’”’ is now owned and occupied by Dominicus, the
great grandson of Dominicus, the third son of the first Robert,
who from his great age and activity being now (1831) ninety-
one years old, is called by way of distinction “Old Stuff.”’! He

* [Lam fortunately able to furnish from an original document in my possession,
a specimen of the hand-writing and signature of this very prominent man.
(Robert Jordan with date, etc.)

wifes meg) banh @) file
hy, QitSin? of pel) lbo
By may& Rol ml oe id

1 This family is rather peculiar for distinctive epithets, which have been applied
to its members, probably from the number who have borne similar names:
Jeremiah, a grandson of Robert was called French Jeremy, from his having heen
taken a prisoner by the French; another was called “Cock Robin” J organ, With-
in a few years there were nine by the name of Nathaniel Jordan, living at the
same time, in Cape Elizabeth, who were distinguished by divers epithets,

15
218 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

points with pride to the scenes around him, dear to his affec-
tions by being associated with the feats and names of his
ancestors. The first Dominicus was killed in 1703, by the In-
dians, with a hatchet, and his wife and children carried to
Canada ; his eldest son Dominicus was thirteen years in Cana-
da, and then ran away; his name frequently occurs in the later
transactions of the town; he attained the rank of Major and
died in 1749, aged sixty-six; his son Dominicus, died in 1788,
aged seventy-two; the fourth Dominicus, eldest son of the
last, is still living, the oldest man in the town, having been
born April 19, 1740, old style. The first Dominicus married
Hannah, a daughter of Ralph Tristram of Saco, and some of
their posterity have for many years filled a respectable place
in the annals of that town.*

* [After a period of a third of a century since the original publication of this
work, we have little to add to what has been already said of Robert Jordan, one of
the most prominent and influential gentlemen in the early annals of western Maine.
The name js quite common in Great Britain; it exists in Ireland, Wales, and sev-
eral counties in England, as itis written here; and there are also families who spell
it Jordaine, Jordayne, Jorden, Jordin, and Jordon. The Jordan who first settled in
Wales was of Anglo Norman origin, one of the companions of Mertine de Tours in
the time of the conquest. It is probable that Rev. Robert Jordan came from Dor-
setshire or Somersetshire, the hive from which so many of our settlers came ;
there the name is quite common. A Robert Jordan married a Cokers in Blandford,
county of Dorset, and had Robert Jordan, who became a merchant in Melcomb,
also of Dorsetshire, and married, it is supposed, into the Fitzpen or Phippen
family ; their coat of arms was nine daggers on a shield, a lion rampant in the
center, etc. The Dorsetshire and Somersetshire families have on their shields
a lion rampant; the Wiltshire family have a bent arm holding a dagger. The
residence of Jordan here, may have attracted the Phippens to the same place.
Mr, Jordan was born in 1611; the precise time of his coming over we do not
know; he was here in 1640; he was then a surety for T. Purchase, at’ which
time he was twenty-nine years old. In 1641, he was one of the referees between
Winter and Cleeves, from which we infer he was not then married to Winter’s
daughter. He probably came in one of Mr. Trelawny’s regular traders to Rich-
mond’s Island; the bark Richmond came in 1639, the Herculesin, 1641, and
the Margery in 1642, and perhaps before. All his sons were born before 1664.
His wife survived him and was living at Newcastle in Portsmouth harbor in 1686.
Edward Godfrey, the first settler of York and sometime governor of the western
BRACKETY’S MARRIAGE CONTRACT. 219

A notice of the second marriage of Anthony Brackett which
occurred in 1679, carries us back to his first wife, Ann, the
daughter of Michael Mitton. The skillful escape of herself and
family from captivity, which Hubbard ascribes to her penetra-
tion and fortitude, places her in the rank of heroic women.

_ The language of Shakespeare is not forcible enough to describe
the canoe with which the family crossed Casco bay.

“A rotten carcase of a boat, not rigg’d,
Nor tackle, sails, nor mast; the very rats
Instinctively had quit it.”

The time of her death is not ascertained ;.the escape was in
August, 1676, and the subsequent marriage was before Septem-
ber 30,1679. Her children were Anthony, Seth, Mary, Elinor,
and Kezia; the latter was an infant when they were captured ;
it does not appear that she had any other.

The notice to which we have referred is an agreement be-
tween Brackett and Abraham Drake, to which, from its unusual
character, we have given place. ‘Articles of agreement made
and concluded on between Anthony Brackett, Jr., of Casco bay,
on the one party, and Abraham Drake, Sen., of Hampton,

 

part of the state, and who was long associated with Jordan as a magistrate,
speaks of him in a letter to the government at home, March 14, 1660, as having
long experience in the country, “equal with any in Boston,” and adds “‘an ortho-
dox devine for the church of England, and of great parts and estate.”

Of his six sons, John was appointed by Governor Andrews in 1680, a special
justice for Pemaquid, although he was then residing at Richmond’s Island, for
Andross addressed a letter to him September 15, 1680, as follows: ‘To Justice
Jordain att Richmond Island neare Casko Bay.” Robert the second son, in a
deed dated December 18, 1695, to Robert Elliott, styles himself of Great Island
in New Castle. In a deed, November 12, 1685, he and his wife Eliza, join in a
conveyance and call themselves of Cape Elizabeth ; he probably remained here
till the second Indian war, and then left not to return.

The family of Dominicus, third son of Robert, is the only one, so far as I have
been able to ascertain, who remained on the soil of their fathers ; his descen-
dants still continue to cultivate the paternal acres. His great-grandson Domini-
cus, mentioned in the text as “Old Stuff,” and living in 1831, died in 1834, at the
age of ninety-four, having had a family of ten children, five sons and five daugh-
ters, allof whom lived to maturity, His wife was Susanna Simonton. ]
220 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in the county of Norfolk, N. E.—Whereas the said Anthony
Brackett, widower, is lately joined in marriage with Susannah
Drake, single woman, and the eldest daughter of the said
Abraham Drake, of Hampton, therefore know ye, that I, the
said Anthony Brackett, have covenanted and agreed, and by
these presents do covenant and agree to and with the said
Abraham Drake, as a feoffee in trust for and in behalf of the
said Susannah, my present wife, that I do by these presents
instate the said Susannah by way of jointure one half of all
my lands and housing, which I have in Casco bay, or shall
have according to the true estimation and value thereof, for her
free jointure during her natural life, and to be and to remain
to her and her male heirs begotten of her body by me, said
Anthony Brackett, her present husband. Having made this
promise before marriage, I do consent to it with my hand and
seal, and what the Lord shall add unto my estate during our
natural lives together; made at Black Point, September 30,
1679. Witness, Thomas Scottow.’’*

* [Robert Drake, the ancestor, came to this country from Devonshire, England,
where he was born 1580. He settled in Exeter, 1635, Hampton, 1649, and died
there 1668. His son Abraham, the person above mentioned, was born in Eng-
land, 1620. He lived in Hampton and by his wife Jane had Susannah, Abraham
born 1654, died June 1714, Robert, Sarah, Elizabeth, Mary, Hannah. Susannah
married Anthony Brackett and had Jane, Zipporah, Zachariah, Ann, and
Susannah. The last Susannah married Samuel Proctor. ]

Notr—The following persons were living in Casco bay, out of the limits of
Falmouth in 1675; we do not avouch the catalogue to be complete, but it con-
tains all the names that we have met with. Richard Bray and John his son,
John Cousins, Wm. Cocke, Henry Donnell, Nicholas Cole, George Felt, Moses
Felt, John Holman, Wm. Haynes, Thomas Haynes, Robert Gutch, James Lane,
John Maine, James and John Mosier, Richard Pattishall, Richard Potts, Thomas
Purchase,! James Purrington, Elinor Reading, widow of Thomas Reading, Wm.
Royall and his sons, William and John, John Sears, Thomas Stevens, Alexander
Thwoit,? Thomas Wise, and Nicholas White.

1 Purchase lived at Brunswick.

2 Thwoit lived on the point formed by Merrymeeting bay and the Kennebec. [Royall and his sons
lived in North Yarmouth on an island belonging to that town. The father was ancestor to the
wealthy refugee of the same name in Medford, 1775.|
BRACKETY’S MARRIAGE CONTRACT. 221

A dispute arose between the children of the two marriages
respecting this property; one claimed it by virtue of the jointure,
while the other contended that it belonged to their mother,
and consequently that their father had not power to alienate
or entail it. It was finally adjusted by an amicable division.
CHAPTER VIII.

Purcnase or MAINE BY MASSACHUSETTS—GOVERNMENT—RESETTLEMENT OF FALMOUTH—DANFORTH’S
GRANTS, OTHER TITLES ON THE NECK—GRANTS BY THE TOWN—SILVANUS Davis—Munysoy’s DEATH
AND FAMILY—First TAVERN, SEACOMB, Jones, CLoice—Deats or Mrs. HARVEY AND GrorGE LEWIS
~GEO. BURROUGHS.

While the government of Massachusetts was engaged in
resisting the incursions of their savage foe upon their whole
frontier, they were summoned to defend their civil privileges and
the integrity of their territory. Their enemies in England had
besieged the ear of the king and so far abused it as to create a
prejudice in relation to that colony, which occasioned its friends
no little anxiety. A quo warranto was issued, and they were
required by a letter from the king, dated March 10, 1676, to
send over agents to answer the charges exhibited against them.
This command was complied with, and the agents sailed in
October, 1676. They were so far successful as to procure a
confirmation ofthe charter with its original bounds, but the
jurisdiction of Massachusetts over Maine and New Hampshire
was annulled, and those provinces respectively restored to the
heirs of Gorges and Mason.

When this decision reached the colony, its government ever
watchful over its interests, immediately took measures to secure
the province of Maine, of which this decision deprived them.
For this purpose they employed John Usher, a merchant of
Boston, to negotiate with Mr. Gorges, a grandson of Sir Ferdi-
PURCHASE OF MAINE BY MASSACHUSETTS. 223

nando, for the purchase of his propriety. This undertaking
was successfully accomplished, and Usher received a deed of
the whole province from Piscataqua to Sagadahoc, in 1677,
which on the 15th day of March, 1678, he by indenture con-
veyed to the government and company of Massachusetts for
twelve hundred and fifty pounds sterling! This ended all
controversy between Massachusetts and the Gorges family re-
specting the soil and government of Maine; but not so with
the English government, to whom the transaction gave great
offense. The latter contended that the jurisdiction over a
colony or province was inalienable, and that by the conveyance,
although Massachusetts might have acquired a right to the
soil, she acquired none to the government, which consequently
reverted to the crown. And they went so far as to require
an assignment of the province from Massachusetts on being
paid the purchase money. But the government of the colony
kept steady to their purpose, justified their purchase as hav-
ing been done by the desire of the inhabitants, and were
wholly silent on the subject of the reconveyance.? The sub-
ject was continually agitated, until it was finally settled by the
charter of 1691, which not only included the province of
Maine, but the more remote provinces of Sagadahoc and Nova
Scotia.

After the purchase of Maine, many persons in Massachusetts
were desirous of selling the province to defray the expense of
defending it during the late war, which was estimated at eight
thousand pounds. A committee of the General Court was ap-
pointed for this purpose, but the vote was reconsidered, before
any further measures were taken on the subject.

1 Hutchinson says the price was twelve hundred pounds, but Usher's deed to
Massachusetts, on York Records, expresses the sum of twelve hundred and fifty
pounds, as the consideration. Richard West's report in “Chalmers’ opinions of
Eminent Lawyers.”

2 The agents in 1682 were authorized to give up the deeds of Maine, if it would
be the means of saving the charter, otherwise not.—Hutchinson, vol, ¢. p. 303.
The sacrifice did not become necessary.
224 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

It now became necessary to adopt a new form of government
for the province, since the jurisdiction was no longer claimed
as a matter of right under the patent-of Massachusetts, but as
proprietor by right of purchase. She was‘no longer to be rep-
resented in the General Court as an integral part of her char-
tered territory, but a local proprietary government was to be
established over the province, such as was authorized by the
charter to Gorges.

In pursuance of this-plan, Thomas Danftorili then exercising
the office of deputy governor of Massachusetts, was appointed
President of Maine in 1680, and invested with powers for its
government in subordination to its new proprietor. He repaired
to York in March, 1680, proclaimed his authority, exhibited
his commission, and constituted a government composed of a
deputy president, a council, and an assembly consisting of
the representatives of the people. The first General Assembly
was held March 30, 1680, at York.

It cannot be disguised that this state of things was not
agreeable to many persons in the province, and they did not
cordially submit to it. In 1680 a petition was transmitted to
the king signed by one hundred and fifteen persons living in
different parts of the province, remonstrating against the new
government, and praying to be restored to his immediate au-
thority. Sixteen at least of the petitioners lived in Falmouth.
They complain of the imposition of a tax of three thousand
pounds upon the three towns of Wells, Kittery, and York, as
an intolerable burden after the heavy losses sustained during |
the late Indian war.! [The General Court at their sessions in
May, 1680, addressed a letter “To the inhabitants of Casco,
within the province of Maine,” to calm the agitation which was
existing there. They say, “Gentlemen and loving friends. We
are informed that some disturbance hath been given you in

1This document is in the 1st vol, of the Solleguoiis of the Maine Historical
Society.
PURCHASE OF MAINE BY MASSACHUSETTS. 225

your resettling by the threatenings of some persons, whose prac-
tises cannot be warranted by his majesty’s royal charter, granted
to Sir F. Gorges, Knight, who was the first proprietor of said
province, and the right whereof is now invested in ourselves.
These are to signify unto you, that as we have taken order for
the settling government according to the charter, so our care
will be for the protection, ete. And for the better government
and security, have made a grant of a township upon the north
side of your bay (North Yarmouth) and are consulting the
peopling and improvement of the islands adjacent.”” They add,
that on being informed they will do whatever “‘is necessary for
the security of your peaceable settlement,” and close their con-
ciliatory epistle by commending them to Almighty God “and
are your loving friends.”’ ]

In the first General Assembly all the towns in the province
were represented but Cape Porpus, Scarborough, and Falmouth;
Walter Gendall appeared from the latter town, but having no
certificate of his election was not allowed a seat. Anthony
Brackett was appointed by the court, Lieutenant of Falmouth,
and Thaddeus Clarke, Ensign.

Soon after the peace concluded at Casco, April 12, 1678, the
inhabitants begun to return to their desolate lands. On the
13th of November of that year, Edward Allen, of Dover, N. H.,
' conveyed to George Bramhall, of Portsmouth, all that tract of
land, which George Cleeves had sold to his father, Hope Allen,
in 1660, except fifty acres which he had previously disposed
of. The whole tract contained four hundred acres, extending
westerly to Round Marsh at the narrow of the Neck, and in-
cluded the hill which now bears the name of its old proprietor.
Bramhall was a tanner; he moved here in 1680, and estab-
lished a tannery upon the flat under the hill near the entrance
upon Vaughan’s bridge, where the remains of the vats may
still be traced.

Anthony Brackett, as we have seen by the extract relating
to his second marriage, had returned in 1679; and it is proba-
226 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ble that most of the ancient settlers whose property and means
of support were here, came back on the conclusion of peace.
A fort was erected on the point at the foot of King' street, called
Fort Loyall. At this fort President Danforth held a court in
September, 1680, for the purpose of settling the inhabitants in
a more compact manner than heretofore, the better to enable
them to resist future attacks of the Indians. The record of his
proceedings at this time, although imperfect, we shall borrow
entire from York Registry; his grants covered that part of
Portland now of the most value, and the center of trade. He
appropriated the soil under Massachusetts as chief proprietor,
and we have met with but one instance which will be hereafter
noticed, the case of the Munjoy title, in which compensation
was demanded and awarded. The record is as follows; “At
fort Loyall in Falmouth 23 Tbr 1680 Granted unto the persons
whose names are hereunder written, houselots upon the neck
of land near the fort viz:

1. To Mr. Bartholomew Gedney on the westerly side of the
cove one lot in breadth against the cove about six rods more
or less as now marked, reserving for a highway against the
cove four rods in breadth, and the said lot to be in length twenty
rods and on the southerly side of the highway to have the
privelege of the cove for wharfing.®

“2. To John Ingerson one lot lying next to Mr. Gedney’s
westerly, of like breadth, length, and conditions in all respects.

3. To George Ingerson one lot.

4. “© John Marston Re ee

5.  ‘ Isaac Davis eos Tie

6. ‘ Francis Nichols “ «

1 Now India Street.

® Gedney never was an inhabitant ; he was a great land speculator here and at
North Yarmouth; he lived in Salem. He afterward sold his grant to Silvanus
Davis. The lot extended back to what is now called Sumner street, originally
named Fleet street, afterward Turkey lane. The cove here mentioned is Clay
cove,
GRANTS BY THE TOWN. 227

7. To Thomas Mason one lot.

8. Samuel Ingerson “ “

All these on the west side of the cove, breadth and length as
the others. Further it is granted to Mr. Gedney, George In-
gerson, and John Ingerson, that instead of sixty acres apiece
accomodation on some of the islands, they shall be allowed
the like quantity in the place where George Ingerson’s corne
milne standeth. The like grant is made to Francis Nicholls,
Thomas Mason and Joseph Ingerson, Lt. George Ingerson,
Samuel Ingerson, and John Wheelden.

9. To John Skillin his house lot as now marked.

10. “ Joseph Ingerson one house lot.

11. “ Lt. George Ingerson his house lot.

Memo. Highways are to be allowed sufficient. to the milne
and between each lot, etc.

“Lots granted on the east side of Broad street.?

1. To Daniel Smith, the first lot next to the fort.*

2. “ Wm. Clemens the second lot.

8.  * John Lowell (or Powell) the third lot.

(4th and 5th are blank. )

6. “ Henry Ingalls’ the 6th lot.

“And it is granted liberty of wharfage and building ware-
houses on the east of the fort under the rocks, not prejudicing
the benefit of the fort for the security of the water; Daniel
Smith to begin and the rest in order.

Lots laid out on the west side of Broad street.

To Capt. Edward Tyng the first lot.

1The mill here noticed was probably at Capisic, and is no doubt the same
before noticed as George Ingersoll’s. Ingersoll afterward had acorn mill on
Barberry Creek in Cape Elizabeth.

2 Now India street.

*[The fort was on the point which the Grand Trunk Station-house now occu-
pies, and called Fort Loyal.]

3 Two persons, Henry Ingalls, Sen, and Jun., were living in Salem in 1696.
228 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

To Henry Harwood the second lot.
“© Michael Farley jr. the third lot.
“ Augustine John the fourth lot, with liberty in the cove
arment for a brick yard.!

Lots granted against the Great Bay.”

To Capt Silvanus Davis the first lot westward.
‘© Mr John Jacob the second lot.
“¢ Ensign Nathaniel Jacob the third lot,
“ Robert Greenhaugh the fourth lot.

“‘ These are to run up as high as the north side of the sixth
lot against Broad street and to divide the land at the north end
between the said lots and Mr. Munjoy’s equally as to breadth.

“To Mr. Munjoy the 5th lot, being twenty rods front upon
the water side and to run up the same breadth twenty rods on
north side of his barne, the highway cross excepted.

“Tt is also ordered that there shall be an highway three rods
wide left against the water side toward the meeting-house,> and

t John or Jean was a Frenchman aud purchased of widow Housing a small lot
west side of Presumpscot river, where he lived. I had some doubt whether John
Gustin and Augustine John were not the same person ; the descendants of John
Gustin are numerous here. The word arment is so in the record ; it was probably
incorrectly copied. As this lot extended down to Clay Cove, the grant was doubt-
less intended to convey a privilege on the cove in the rear of the lot for the pur-
pose of making bricks. [I am informed by the learned antiquary, James Savage
of Boston, that Augustine John or Jean, asit is first written, was not a Frenchman,
but a native of the Isle of Jersey, where his parents died.* He sold his estate in
Jersey in 1677. He came first to Reading, Mass., and was a soldier in the latter
part of Phillip’s war. In January, 1678, he married Eliza, a daughter of John
Brown of Watertown. The name was gradually changed from Augustine Jean
to Augustine John first, and then to John Gustin, by which his numerous de-
scendants in Portland and vicinity are now called. He left a widow and seven
children. ]

2The bay between fort point at the foot of King street and Jordan’s point; at
the north-westerly part of this bay was the town landing; the beach was in later
times called Moody’s beach.

3 The meeting-house stood on the point then called meeting-house point, now
Jordan’s. [The site is now occupied by the Railroad Co’s works. ]
GRANTS BY THE TOWN. 229

the land between said highway and low-water-mark shall
belong to the owners of said lots. Also it is ordered that the
landing place at the head of great cove shall remain in com-
mon to the town as it is now staked out; and the line on the
south side of the highway between said lots shall run parallel
to the bounds of the cove reserved in common.

To Mr. Saltonstall! for Meshac Farley, the next lot eastward
to Mr. Munjoy.

To Mr. Saltonstall one lot more adjoining to Meshac Farley.

These last two lots to be in length northward twenty poles.

23 September, 1680, by Thomas Danforth, President, Fort
Loyall 23 Th. 1680. These within and above written orders
being read to the selectmen of the town of Falmouth, they mani-
fested jointly their full and free consent thereto. Present Lt.
Anthony Brackett, Mr. John Walley (Wallis), Lt. George
Ingerson, Ensign Thaddeus Clarke.

“Also there is granted to John Skillin one house lot on the
west side of the lot where his house now standeth and is staked
out, and also the lands that were his father’s at Back Cove are
confirmed to him; also a parcel of meadow land about three
acres more or less situated above a milne at Capisic river is
confirmed to him, the which land he was to have had by pur-
chase of Nathaniel Wallis.”

It was Danforth’s object to prepare a settlement here which
should contain within itself the means of defense, and having
accomplished this point, as he supposed, by making grants
around the fort in every direction, he paid no regard to the out-
lands. It was one of the conditions of each grant of a house
lot, that the grantee should make improvements upon it by
building; we consequently find that a village arose at once,
where before was little else than an unfrequented forest. The
grantees whose names follow, did not reside here, viz: Gedney,

1 Nathaniel Saltonstall was one of the magistrates of Massachusetts, and was
here at this time with Danforth.
230 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

John Marston, Mason, Smith, Clemens, Lowell, Ingalls, John!
and Nathaniel Jacob, Robert Greenhaugh, and Farley. Ged-
ney and Mason lived in Salem, the former sold his house lot to
Silvanus Davis, the latter to Peter Morrill, who respectively
improved them; John Jones improved Farley’s on India street.

The eleven lots laid out on the west side of Clay Cove are
supposed to have extended about seventy rods, which would
. carry them to about where Union street now is, and back to
Middle street, which was not; then laid out, but was probably —
the place reserved for a highway to the mill. We are able
to locate but a part of the eleven lots ; Gedney’s is sufficiently
described in the grant as lying next to the cove, and John
Ingersoll’s next. George Ingersoll’s extended westerly to
where Willow street now is; his son Daniel occupied it and
sold it to Moses Pearson, whose heirs or assigns now improve
it. The lot of Lt. George Ingersoll, the father of the before
named George, was situated on the east side of Exchange
street; Samuel Ingersoll’s adjoined it, on the east, and Joseph
Ingersoll’s on the west. The lots of Marston, Isaac Davis,
Mason, and Nicholls, undoubtedly lay between John Ingersoll’s,
the second from Clay Cove, and George Ingersoll’s on Willow
street. Marston’s heir living in Salem, sold his ancestor's lot
to Samuel Moody in 1719, and described it as adjoining Isaac
and Silvanus Davis’s.

On the west side of India street, the first lot was Capt. Ed-
ward Tyng’s, nearly opposite the fort, of which for a time he
was commander, and extended from India street to Clay Cove;
the next was Henry Harwood’s, who was a Lieut.; next came
Michael Farley, Jr., who does not appear to have lived here,
John Jones improved the lot, Farley was living in Ipswich in
1730; Augustine John’s lot came next, which was improved

'A John Jacob was the first deacon of the church in Cohasset in 1721, an aged
and very worthy man.—History of Cohasset. In the war of 1688, a person of the
same name was commissary for the troops in Maine. A family of this name was
implicated in the witchcraft tragedy of Salem, in 1692. Ephraim Marston settled
here; he afterward lived in Salem; he may have taken John’s place.
LOCALITY OF INDIVIDUALS. 231

by Wm. Pierce.' These four lots bring us to Middle street, on
the opposite side of which was the land of Thomas Cloice, ex-
tending north to Fleet street, [now, 1864, Sumner street ,] he
had a house on the lot. From Fleet to Queen, now Congress
street, Silvanus Davis had a tract containing two and a half
acres which was surveyed to him in 1687.

We have not been able to ascertain that the lots on the east
side of India street were occupied by the persons to whom they
were granted. Their names are not familiar in our history,
‘and we conjecture that they and some others who received
grants, were persons who accompanied Danforth in his expe-
dition and received lots as gratuities or under the expectation
that they would settle here. The lots lying on the great bay,
as it was called, east of India street, which at this time and long
afterward were the most valuable spots in town, were occu-
pied as follows: 1st. Richard Seacomb, who may possibly have
taken the lot granted to Daniel Smith or William Clemens on
India street. Jonathan Orris, blacksmith, and John Brown
adjoined Seacomb, and probably extended up India street; but
next, and the first on the bay came Silvanus Davis, whose lot
was one hundred and forty-seven feet front and extended back
six hundred and thirty feet, to the burying-ground, which occu-
pied a small spot in the south-westerly part of the present
eastern cemetery. On this spot Davis had a dwelling house
in which he lived, and a warehouse, the most extensive in this
part of the country in 1687. The Munjoy family occupied that
part of the Neck east of Davis’s, and Robert Lawrence who
married Munjoy’s widow, built a stone house upon the brow
of the hill near the old breast work, where he lived until the
second overthrow of the town, in which he perished.

In looking at the upper part of the Neck, within the present

1 Pierce was heir of Launcelot Pierce of Pejepscot; his mother was daughter
of Thomas Stevens of the same territory; he bought the lot above mentioned of
Samuel Webber, November 24, 1683. After the destruction of the town, he lived
in Milton, Mass.
232 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

limits of Portland, we find Bramhall’s large farm covering
nearly the whole western extremity ; next on the eastern side
were forty-five acres, part of the estate of Nathaniel Mitton,
which his administrator, John Graves, sold to Silvanus Davis,
John Phillips of Charlestown, John Endicott, and James Eng-
lish of Boston, in 1686;!' it extended from Fore river across
the neck. It is now occupied under the original title. Next
came the large tract extending down the river to Robison’s
point,* occupied by Mrs. Harvey, Michael Mitton’s widow, and
her son-in-law Thaddeus Clarke, whose house was on the bank
of the river just above the point which bears his name and
where the cellar may still be found, 1831. Clarke subsequently
conveyed to Edward Tyng, who married his daughter Elizabeth,
forty-four acres of this tract, which extended from the river
north-westerly across where Congress street now is. Tyng had
this lot surveyed in 1687, and then had three houses upon it,
in one of which he lived. Next were three acres which Mrs.
Harvey sold to Richard Powsland in 1681; then Anthony
Brackett had five acres, which he sold to Peter Bowdoin in
1687; next came a lot belonging to Nicholas Bartlett, the ex-
tent of which we have not succeeded in ascertaining; then
three acres belonging to Capt. Tyng; next two acres belonging
to Joseph Hodgdon, sold to James Mariner in 1686. After
these came the thirty acres confirmed by the town to George
Burroughs, the minister, in 1683. Of this thirty acres Bur-
roughs sold twenty-three to Peter Bowdoin in 1688, lying
between Fore river and Back Cove a few rods above Center
street; the remaining seven acres extending about Cotton and
Center streets, he conveyed to John Skillings in 1683, in ex-

1 This was a company which engaged in very large speculations in this town
between the years 1680 and 1690.

*[This point is at the foot of Park street and was known in subsequent con-
veyances as the “Point of rocks,” from the ledge which extended there, 1t was
afterward owned by Capt. Thomas Robison, who built the two-story house now
standing corner of Canal and Park streets. ]
LOCALITY OF INDIVIDUALS. 233

change for the house lot granted by Danforth to the latter. Each
lot had-a house upon it. That of Burroughs was erected by
the town and stood on Congress street, near where Preble street
now joins it. The description of the seven acres in this agree-
ment is as follows: “‘Imprimis it is agreed that the said George
Burroughs doth make over and confirm unto the said John Skil-
ling, carpenter, and his heirs forever, his house built and given
him by the people of Falmouth, with seven acres of land joining
to the said house; laid out and bounded, viz: lying from the
edge of the swamp behind the house, from thence running four-
score poles southerly, fronting upon the river fourteen poles.”
The land from Congress street to the river where Cotton street
now is, was formerly a swamp. We are able to fix upon the lo-
cation of this tract with more certainty by conveyances subse-
quently made by Samuel, son of John Skillings, from whom
the Cotton title on Center and Cotton streets is derived. The
site of the house is determined by an ancient plan. [The rea-
son of the exchange on the part of Burroughs was the distance’
of his house from the meeting-house, and Skilling’s house was
near the meeting-house, which stood on the point below King
street. ]

‘Joseph Webber, Samuel Webber, Richard Broadridge, Dennis
Morough, and Francis Jefferds had lots on Queen, now Con-
gress street: Morough’s was three acres lying where School,
now Pearl street is; he sold it to Anthony Brackett. Broad-
ridge’s was next above and Jefferd’s next below. John
Ingersoll and Francis Nichols had a lot on the south end of
Morough’s, which extended to Middle street.

It appears by the record of Danforth’s proceedings here, that
the town was reorganized under a municipal government pre-
vious to his court in September, 1580. That document presents
us only the names of the inhabitants who had grants around
the fort, other of the former settlers returned to their farms in

16
284 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

other parts of the town.! Some however never returned as
Francis Neale? and Jenkin Williams, the former continued to
live in Salem, the latter is subsequently found in Manchester,
in the county of Essex. Nor do we meet, after the war, with
the names of John Cloice, John Lewis, Phineas Rider, Thomas
Skillings, and John Phillips; some of them were probably
killed during the war. Other settlers however flowed in rapidly
and the places of those who did not return were soon more
than supplied.

The most enterprising of the new settlers was Silvanus Davis.
In October, 1680, he and James English addressed a petition
to the selectmen of Falmouth, in which they stated that they
were desirous of settling in town, if they could receive certain
grants and privileges which are set forth in their petition as
follows: ‘“Imprimis, that we may have the free privelege of ye
falls of Capissicke to build a sawmill and to make a damm or
damms. (2) That we may have a grant of timber both oak
and pine within three miles of the falls on both sides not in-
fringing upon any lots already granted by the town. (3) That
we may have sufficient land laid out on both sides of the Falls
and river for pasture of oxen and settling some farms near the
mills for employing workmen in time when the mill stands stiil
for want of water or timber, and that such lands shall remain
free to the mills as free land a mile square. (4) That we may
have the privelege of swamps or fresh marsh within a mile of
the Falls to produee hay for our oxen and that we may have it
as free land. (5) That we may have privelege to cut timber
upon all commons within the township that is not already

1 “Upon the peace the English returned unto their plantations ; their number
increased; they stocked their farms, and sowed their fields; they found the air as
healthful as the earth was fruitful ; their lumber and their fishery became a con-
siderable merchandize ; continual accessions were made unto them.” Mather’s
Mag. vol. ti. p.505.

2 Mrs. Macworth, Neale’s mother-in-law, died in Boston, in 1676. Neale sold
his land in Falmouth to Joseph Holmes, who, April 16, 1681, mortgaged it to
Joshua Scottow, and styled himself “late of Cambridge, now resident in Casco.”
LAND GRANTED BY FALMOUTH. 235

granted to any persons. (6) That we may have equal divi-
sions of all meadows with others according to our publick
work. (7) That we may have a tract of good land appointed
us for settling our farms.

“Gentlemen according to your encouragement to us we shall
be ready to bear part of town charges with you and subscribe
ourselves your humble servants Oct. 28, 1680.”

To this petition the following answer was returned: “3. 10.,
1680. The above articles are granted with a mile square free
land unto Capt. Davis and Mr. Ingles as Test. Anthonie
Brackett Recor. And it is agreed that Capt. Davis shall let
the inhabitants that are now here have boards at five shillings
in a thousand under price currant for provisions for their own
proper use for building houses for themselves.”

At the same time the following grants were made by the
selectmen, which with the foregoing is one of the few scraps of
the town records which have escaped destruction and found
its way to the York registry. It was probably rescued by the
avidity of some of the speculators, who ata later day were
purchasing all the old titles to land in this town that they could
procure.

“Tt is concluded that Mr. Gendall shall have a grant of one
hundred acres of land to begin at our outmost bounds, and so
to come this way till one hundred acres be ended. Thomas
Daeve (or Daebe) it is agreed shall have a lot granted him.
John Ingersoll one hundred acres of land. Goodman Sanfort
and his son granted sixty acres of land about the great marsh.
Joel Madefer twelve acres of land adjoining to Goodman San-
fort’s land on the north side upon a square. Fifty acres granted
to John Wallis on the rocky hill. Joseph Daniel granted fifty
acres of land adjoining to Robert Stanfort, twenty poles in
breadth by the water side. Granted to Robert Haines fifty
acres of land on the plains toward the great marsh.? Granted -

1 December 3.
2The Stanifords, Madeter, Wallis, and Haines all lived at Purpooduck, and the

grants were probably of land there.
236 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

to Capt. Edward Tyng one hundred acres of land. It is agreed
that Capt. Davis shall have a mile square of upland at Capis-
sick Falls, a quarter of a mile on this side of the falls, and
three-quarters of a mile on the other side the falls. Also
Nonsuch point is concluded shall be divided between Capt.
Davis and Mr. Ingles and Joseph Hodsden, one hundred acres
aman, and if the point will not do it, to have it elsewhere. It
is concluded Thomas Cloys shall have sixty acres of land
granted to him at Capessack. Granted to Lt. George Ingersoll
forty acres of land to make up his hundred.””!

We will here introduce the record of another meeting of the
town, which has a connection with the preceding. “Ata town
meeting August 10, 1681. There was granted to Samuel
Webber the falls which is above Mr. Munjoy’s land in Long
Creek, to erect and set up a saw-mill in, and to finish the said
saw-mill within six months. Also it is granted unto the said
Samuel Webber one hundred acres of upland for his accom-
modation to his mill,? with ten acres of some swamp to make
meadow of, with the privelege of cutting timber, both oak
and pine, upon the commons from his mill down so far as
Ralph Turner’s, as also to cut timber about Presumpscot, both
oak and pine, and the said Webber is to cut Boords for the in-
habitants of this town to the halves for their own proper use,
and what Boords they have occasion for of said Webber for

1 All the persons mentioned in the preceding record, except Daeve, of whom I
know nothing, and Ingles, were inhabitants. There were persons of the name of
Davie of respectable standing about the Kennebec, but I have met with no other
notice of any one in this town, Ingles or as the name is now universally written,
English, resided in Boston, where, or in its vicinity, his posterity continue to live.
He was a mariner, and commanded a vessel which coasted between Boston and
the towns in this bay. He died in 1703, leaving a widow, one son and three
daughters, of whom one, Joanna, married James Grant, Jane, John Smith, and
Elizabeth, Benjamin Bream. The daughters were principal legatees of Silvanus
Davis.

2 One half of this lot Webber sold to John Skillings, 1685, with half the mill.
The mill was probably situated near the spot where a grist-mill now stands on
Long Creek, on the road from Stroudwater to Scarborough.
LIFE OF CAPT. DAVIS. 237

their building, they are to have them half a crown under price
currant for provisions. Anthonie Brackett, George Ingersoll,
Jno. Wallis, Thaddeus Clarke.”

In 1680, George and John Ingersoll petitioned the General
Court for confirmation of their land on Capisic river, and for
certain privileges. The court confirmed to them “sixty acres
a piece granted them as expressed in their petition, and refer it
to the President of the province” to grant accommodation, etc.
Danforth, under the above order, March 3, 1682, granted “to
George Ingersoll, Jr., and John Ingersoll, the privelege of the
stream where the old mill stood, for erecting a new saw and
grist-mill and to cut such timber as may be conveniently
brought down that stream, paying to the head proprietor five
pounds per ann. in good merchantable timber.” In 1684 these
persons conveyed all their interest in the saw-mill on mill river
to Silvanus Davis & Co.

Davis for several years before 1676, had lived in the neigh-
borhood of the Kennebec. He purchased land at Damariscotta
of the Indians as early as June, 1659. He bought other large
tracts in that country and continued to reside there, having
considerable influence, until the attack upon the fort at Arrow-
sic in August, 1676. He then fled with Capt. Lake, but they
were sharply pursued and he escaped with a severe wound,
while Capt. Lake was killed. Early next year he accompanied
the expedition under Major Waldron, and was left in command
of a garrison on Arrowsic Island; but the government per-
ceiving little prospect of their rendering service to the country
in this situation, the garrison was soon after recalled.

On the conclusion of peace, Capt. Davis turned his attention
to Falmouth, and finding it possessed great advantages for fish-
ing, lumbering, and trading, he resolved to abandon his former
residence and establish himself here. In September, 1680, he
received from President Danforth, a grant of one of the most
eligible spots for trade in town, being on the bay east of India
street, at the head of the town landing. Following up this
238 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

acquisition, he procured from the town, as we have already
seen, some of the most valuable mill sites, with greater privi-
leges and accommodations than were ever granted here to any
other individual. The town had been entirely prostrated under
the most calamitous circumstances, and the returning exiles
were undoubtedly desirous of availing themselves of the enter-
prise and capital of Mr. Davis and the company which he
represented. And to these advantages may, in a great measure,
be attributed the rapid prosperity of the town, until the period
of its second destruction. The subsequent events in the biog-
raphy of this enterprising man, will be noticed in the progress
of the work.

In 1681, Mrs. Munjoy, the widow of George, having made
complaints that President Danforth had appropriated her land
without authority, for the settlement of the town, an arrange-
ment was entered into between her and the government on the
10th of June of this year. After reciting that President Dan-
forth, by commission from Massachusetts, had ‘‘ordered the
settlement of a town at Casco, erecting fort Loyall thereon,
and disposed of house lots for the furtherance and encourage-
ment of the said settlement,’ and that said Mary “doth lay
claime to a neck of land lying about said fort,’? but had “not
entered upon any possession or improvement thereof since the
devastation made by the Indian war ;” to end all differences it
was therefore agreed that said Mary “shall have, retain and
enjoy the easterly end of said Neck of land whereupon her
husband’s house formerly stood, bounded by a strait line from
the mouth of a Runnet of water on the easterly side where Mr.
Cleeves’ house formerly stood, and so to pass by the old barn
on the top of the hill, and from the barn the shortest line to
the salt water, excepting and reserving to the said township
and fort, for the laying out of house lots, the lands all along
the southerly side of said Neck of land as far as the meeting-
house, to extend twenty poles backwards in length, reserving
only twenty poles front of her own house lot, adjoining to said.
LAND GRANTED TO MRS MUNJOY. 239

runnet. Further that the said.Mary Munjoy shall have and
enjoy the island called House Island, which her said late hus-
band formerly purchased of sundry of the inhabitants there.
And more the said President doth yield and grant unto her
two hundred acres of land upon the nearest of the islands that
remain free and undisposed of, by way of exchange and in full
compensation for the land hereinafter mentioned by her re-
leased.”” The land released was the remainder of the Neck
east of Clay Cove, “to be disposed of according to the present
settlement made by said President.”

On the 30th of August the same year, the selectmen of the
town also entered into articles of agreement with Mrs. Munjoy
relative to her outlands, by which she relinquished her claim to
all lands in the town, whether derived from the Indians or
otherwise. In consideration of which the town confirmed to
her two hundred acres at Ammoncongan, the plantation at
Long Creek which Mr. Munjoy bought of Anthony Brackett,
also all her marsh at Capisic, and “that long marsh adjoin-
ing to Thomas Cloice’s point of land which he bought of Mr.
Munjoy ;” also five hundred acres of upland, to begin next to
Samuel Ingersoll’s land, to run in breadth on the west side of
Capisic river to the little falls and so into the woods. They
also confirmed to Mary, daughter of George Munjoy, Sen.,
deceased, all that island given her by her grandfather, Mr. J.
Phillips, known by the name of Pond Island or Mr. Munjoy’s
Island.”

It appears by the foregoing record, that the elder Munjoy
was now dead. He died in 1680, at the age of fifty-four. His
last appearance in our records is as one of the associates of the
county court held at Wells, July 4, 1676.' During the Indian
troubles he probably lived in Boston, where his wife’s family
resided. In 1680, Danforth names him as a grantee of land

1 After the destruction of the town in August of this year, he was sent with
supplies for the inhabitants and troops from Boston.
240 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

on the Neck. He was an intelligent and enterprising man, and
had enjoyed for many years the confidence of the government
of Massachusetts, and of the people among whom he lived.
He had a sister who came to this country and married John
Saunders, of Braintree. He left five children, Mary, George,
Josiah, Pelatiah, and Hepzibah; his eldest son, John, was
killed in the attack upon the town, August 11,1676. John left
a widow and one daughter, named Huldah. He was George
Munjoy’s eldest son and was born in Boston, April 17, 1653.
Mary married John Palmer,' who lived here after the war ; she
left no issue. George, Jr. was born April 21, 1656, and died
in Braintree in 1698, leaving a son and two daughters; the son
died without issue, as did also the other sons of the elder George;
his daughter Mary married Philip Thompson, a physician
in Roxbury; the other, Susanna, a man named Gwynn.
[Josiah was born in Boston, April 4, 1658. His daughter Mar-
tha, born in Charlestown, 1710, married John Pulling of
Boston, 1740. His daughter Mary married Capt. James
_ Hornby of Boston; he also had a son John.] The name is
extinct in this country, and no monument remains to perpetu-
ate the name of Munjoy, but the hill in this town, on which he
first fixed his residence.? An inventory of his estate was re-
turned in 1685 by Anthony Brackett and William Rogers,
described and valued as follows: a tract of land at Capisic,

1 There appear to have been about this time three persons in Maine bearing the
name of John Palmer; one married Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of Andrew
Alger, and lived in Scarborough in 1676, Another married the eldest daughter of
Munjoy, and was living in Falmouth between 1680 and 1690; the third was com-
missioner in 1686 in the Duke of York’s province east of Kennebec, and was a
counselor of Gov. Andross. Whether these were three distinct persons or not, I
am unable to say. It is very clear that the commissioner was a different person
from either of the others.

? This hill was formerly called Mount Joy; the family name was sometimes in
later days written Mountjoy ; but the true mode as invariably used by the head
of the family, who wrote a beautiful hand, was Munjoy, which is the proper
name of the hill.
THE MUNJOY FAMILY. 241

thirty pounds ; one tract of land bought of Thomas Brackett,!
twenty pounds; a tract of land lying at Long Creek with the
marsh to it, one hundred and ten pounds; an island called
House Island, thirty pounds; a tract of land at Piscataqua,
forty pounds ; an island called Bastine’s Island, twenty pounds;
a tract of land on the other side of Ammoncongan river, twenty
pounds. There was also an inventory of debts amounting to
seventy pounds.

Munjoy’s youngest children, Pelatiah and Hepzibah, in 1686
nominated guardians for themselves; Pelatiah selected his
brother-in-law, John Palmer, and Hepzibah her father-in-law,
Robert Lawrence; she afterward married a Mortimore. The
widow married Robert Lawrence, and after his death, in 1690,
Stephen Cross, of Boston; she died at that place in 1705.

Lawrence improved the farm at Ammoncongan for several
years until the second war. The following extract from an
ancient deposition will explain the manner of conducting the
business. ‘The deponent? further saith that he also remem-
bers the said George and Mary Munjoy having a house and
some improvements on the south-west side of Ammoncongan,
in the great river Presumpscot, where the said Munjoy and his
servants used to go in planting and reaping times, and often at
other times, where they usually tarried about a week at a time;
and this deponent further saith that the house last mentioned
was opposite to part of the said Munjoy’s planting ground on
the north-east side of the river Ammoncongan, where this de
ponent saith the said Munjoy had a very large tract, which
said Munjoy, to this deponent’s certain knowledge, improved
many years, sowing peas and wheat without interruption, and
this deponent heard his right esteemed by all old proprietors,

1 This was fifty acres extending from Deering’s bridge up the south side of the
creek toward the alms-house, which was conveyed to Brackett by his mother-in-

Jaw Mitton in 1667.
2Elisha Corney, of Gloucester, 1742, “aged upwards of 73.”
242 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

avery good one. He has often seen Munjoy’s servants at work,
and said Munjoy’s oxen ploughing on said tract on the north-
east side of Ammoncongan, and he never heard of any body
else improving on the north-east side until after Munjoy’s death;
after which, Mr. Lawrence improved for several years the land
on the north-east side, and lived on the south-west side in the
manner Mr. Munjoy did, and said Lawrence rebuilt the house on
the south-west side after it was burnt by the Indians, and he has
often seen said Lawrence and his servants ploughing and sow-
ing the land on the north-east side of Ammoncongan, and
making more improvements than Mr. Munjoy had done, and
he made considerable improvements before and at the time Pres-
ident Danforth resettled the town and some years after, until
his being drove off by the Indians.’’*

[George Munjoy was the son of John Munjoy or Mountjoy of
Abbottsham in the county of Devon, and was born in 1626. At
the age of twenty-one, in 1647, he was admitted freeman in
Massachusetts, and in four or five years after he married Mary
daughter of deacon John Phillips of Boston. He had a sister
Mary who married John Saunders of Braintree. The family
still exists in Devonshire, England, but uniformly spell the
name Mountjoy. |

In September, 1681, Richard Seacomb was licensed to keep
an ordinary in Falmouth. The order of court is as follows:
“In answer to the desire of the selectmen of Casco in Mr. Sea-
comb’s behalf for license to keep an ordinary there, the court
considering the necessity thereto do grant a liberty and license
to be granted unto said Seacomb to keep a public house of en-
tertainment for said town for the year ensuing; he providing

*[Ammoncongan, Amoncongin, Ammoscoggin, Amoncongon, now universally
called Congin, was applied to a portion of Presumpscot river around the falls
next below Saccarappa. Mr. Ballard and Dr. Potter both agree in its interpreta-
tion as “A fish place,” or “Fish drying place,” or “High fish place,” as Dr.
Potter says, from Namaas, fish, Kees, high, Auke, place, It was probably the re-
sort of alewives and perhaps salmon.]
FIRST LICENSE FOR A PUBLIC HOUSE. 243

for it as the place requires by suitable accommodations for
strangers or others, of drink, victuals, and keeping good order
and rule by his retailing strong drinks, to ye performance
whereof Wm. Rogers with said Seacomb stand equally bound
in a bond of twenty shillings.”

This is the earliest notice that we find relating to the estab-
lishment of a public house here, and it is probably the first of
the kind that was opened. Munjoy, nearly twenty years before
had been licensed to retail strong liquors, but that doubtless
was as atrader. The intercourse with the town before this
period was so limited and the habitations so scattered, that a
tavern was neither needed nor could be supported.

Seacomb’s house was near the town landing-place, a few
rods east. of India street. In May, 1682, he was fined fifty
shillings for selling liquors to the Indians. Seacomb came from
the west of England and settled at Lynn as early as 1660; his
children were Noah, Richard, and Susannah. There was also
here at the same time a John Seacomb, who joined Richard,
in 1683, in a conveyance of land near Barberry Creek. Rich-
ard was constable in 1684, and was sometime a selectman: he
purchased of George Lewis’s children the land at Back Cove
which had belonged to their father, on which he subsequently
lived; the neck extending down to Back Cove bridge, was
called from him Seacomb’s Neck, which name it still retains ;
he died in 1694.! His son Richard lived in Portsmouth, R. L.,
in 1715.

John and Isaac Jones, of Charlestown, probably came here
in 1681; in November of that year, Thomas Cloice and Susan-
nah, his wife, sold to them a tract of land on the Presumpscot
river, formerly conveyed to them by their father, John Cloice,
“with the new dwelling-house and barn.” This was the home-
stead of John Cloice before the war. John Jones lived on the
Neck west side of India street.

1The name Seacomb’s Neck ,is not in general use, but it is not obsolete; it is
mentioned in the act incorporating the proprietors of Back Cove bridge in 1794
244 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

We find this year a conveyance in Wells from Thomas Mills
to his sons-in-law, John and Nathaniel Cloice ; Peter Cloice
was living there before ; these persons were probably the sons
of John Cloice, formerly of this town, and it may be inferred
that after the flight from Falmouth, they established themselves
in that place.

In 1682, died Elizabeth Harvey, the only daughter of George
Cleeves. She came from England with her father probably in
1637, and was either then or soon after married to Michael
Mitton. She was the last survivor of the first settler, and
had been through scenes of great suffering and sorrow. She
had buried two husbands and three adult children, one of
whom, her only son, was killed by the Indians, and the lives of
two of her daughters, the wives of the Bracketts, were proba-
bly shortened by their captivity. Two daughters only survived
her, Elizabeth, the wife of Thaddeus Clark, and Martha, the
wife of John Graves,* neither of whom, that we are aware of,
has posterity now residing here. The descendants of her
daughter Mary, the wife of Thomas Brackett, are numerous
among us. Mrs. Harvey had seen the town which on her first
visit was an entangled forest, inhabited by wild beasts and
savages, become the seat of civilization and prosperity, and
holding forth the promises of future greatness.

About the same time died also George Lewis of Back Cove.
In July, 1683, the following deposition relating to him and his
family was given: “Nathaniel Wallis! aged fifty-two or there-
abouts testifies that sometime before the first Indian war began,
I being at George Lewis’s house, said Lewis showed me his will
and this deponent heard said Lewis’s will read and there was in
the will that his two sons should have twelve pence apiece,
but for his land he had given it to his three youngest daugh-

* (Graves was living in Kittery in 1712, aged about sixty-seven. He moved to
Little Compton, R. I., where he died, leaving one son and two daughters. ]

1 Nathaniel Wallis was the nearest neighbor. of L2wis; he bought of John Lewis
the adjoining farm.
CHARACTER OF REV. GEORGE BURROUGHS 245

ters and all his goods, and said Wallis asked said Lewis why he
gave his land to his daughters, said Lewis replied he had
given his sons enough already—before Anto. Brackett com’r.”

Lewis’s sons were John and Philip; he had four daughters,
Ann married to James Ross, a shoemaker; Susannah to Thomas
Cloice ; Mary, first, to Thomas Skillings, second, Jotham Lew-
is, and third, to Wilkins; she was born at Falmouth, 1654,
and was living in Salem, 1732; the fourth daughter Hannah,
married James Darling. John sold one hundred acres in Back
Cove to Nathaniel Wallis, in 1674: he continued to live here
until the commencement of the Indian war, but we do not
find him mentioned afterward ; his wife’s name was Ellinor.
George, as we have before intimated, was probably the son of
George Lewis, freeman in Scituate, Plymouth colony, 1636.

~George Burroughs returned to the ministry here in 1683.
The first notice of his return that we find, is in June of that
year, when at the request of the town he relinquished one hun-
dred and seventy acres of land which had been granted to him
previous to the war. In their application for this purpose they
offered to give him one hundred acres “further off,” for the
quantity relinquished, but Burroughs replied ‘“as for the land
already taken away, we were welcome to it, and if twenty acres
of the fifty above expressed would pleasure us, he freely gave
it to us, not desiring any land any where else, nor any thing
else in consideration thereof.*

This disinterestness places the character of Mr. Burroughs
in a very amiable light, which nothing can be found during the

* [I find on a tax list rescued from the destruction of the town in 1690, the
following items of town charges.

“Richard Powsland for money lent the town to go for Mr Burroughs ;
20 or 30 shillings in good pay

* Anthony Brackett to pay part of Mr Burroughs’ passage 5
Passage and boards and nails for ye minister's house and workmen 5.05.

To George Ingersoll and John Ingersoll for'1000 boards to floor '
the meeting-house

-This document is dated October 7, 1683.]
246 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

whole course of his ministry here to impair. The large quan-
tity of land which he relinquished was situated upon the Neck,
which was then daily becoming more valuable by the location
of the town uponit. All this; except thirty acres, he freely
returned without accepting the consideration offered by the
town.

The unhappy catastrophe, which terminated the life and.

usefulness of Mr. Burroughs, has cast a shade upon many facts
relating to him, which it would be interesting to us to know.
We have no means of ascertaining whether he was regularly
settled, and had gathered a church here or not; we have how-
ever sufficient authority for asserting that he preached to our
predecessors a longer period than any other person prior to the
Rev. Mr. Smith. We must be understood to except from this
remark the Rev. Robert Jordan, who lived in town, occasionally
preaching and administering the ordinances under the episco-
pal form, for thirty-six years, except when “silenced” by the
government of Massachusetts.

There has nothing survived Mr. Burroughs, either in his

living or dying, that casts any reproach upon his character, |

and although he died the victim of a fanaticism as wicked and

stupid as any which has ever been countenanced in civilized —

society, and which for a time prejudiced his memory, yet his
reputation stands redeemed in a more enlightened age from
any blemish.

In November, 1680, he was employed to preach in Salem
village, now Danvers, on a salary of sixty pounds a year, one-
third in money, and two-thirds in provisions at the following
rates, viz: rye, barley, and malt at three shillings a bushel;
corn, two shillings; beef, one and a half pence a pound ; pork,
two pence, and butter six pence.’ He continued there probably
until 1683, when in May, Mr. Lawson was invited to preach to
them; from Salem, it may be supposed that he came directly here.

! Annals of Salem, p, 268.
CHARACTER OF REV. GEORGE BURROUGHS. Q47

A work entitled ‘‘Kuropean settlements in America,” in speak-
ing of Mr. Burroughs as a victim of the Salem witchcraft says,
“that he was a gentleman who had formerly been minister of
Salem; but upon some of the religious disputes which divided
the country he differed from his flock and left them.’ Mather
in his “Wonders of the invisible World,” countenances this
idea; he says, “che had removed from Salem village in ill terms
some years before.”

He was tried for witchcraft in Salem, May 8, 1692, and con-
demned upon testimony which nothing but the most highly
wrought infatuation could for amoment have endured. His
great strength and activity for which he had been remarkable
from his youth, were enlisted against him, as having been
derived from the prince of evil; it was in evidence that he had
lifted a barrel of molasses by putting his fingers in the bung-
hole, and carried it round him, that he had held a gun more
than seven feet long, at arms length with one hand,! and per-
formed other surprising feats above the power of humanity.
Some evidence was also exhibited against his moral character,
in relation to his treatment of his wives and children, but the
source from which it proceeded renders it unworthy of credit.
He was executed on the 19th of August, 1692. The writer
before quoted, on this case says, “Yet by those judges, upon
that evidence, and the verdict founded upon it, this minister, a
man of most unexceptionable character, was sentenced to die,
and accordingly hanged.” He had been three times married,
his third wife was the daughter of Thomas Ruck, who survived
him. His children were Charles, George, who lived in Ipswich,
Jeremiah, who was insane, Rebecca married a Tolman of Bos-
ton, Hannah married one Fox and lived near Barton’s Point,
in Boston, Elizabeth married Peter Thomas of Boston, and
Mary married to a man in Attleborough. George and Thomas

1 This gun is said now to be in the museum of Fryeburg Academy, but upon
what evidence we donot know. For further particulars of this interesting case,
Calef’s “Salem witchcraft” and Sullivan’s history may be consulted,
248 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Burroughs of Newburyport, the former a tanner, conveyed to
N. Winslow in 1774, the right of George Burroughs in proprie-
tary land in Falmouth,! These were probably descendants of
our minister.2. [Savage thinks that Burroughs was son of that
‘“‘Mrs. Rebecca Burroughs who came from Virginia that she
might enjoy God in his ordinance in New England.” She
united with Eliot’s church in Roxbury, July 19, 1657, and
George in 1674. His daughter Rebecca was baptized April 12,
1674, and George, November 21, 1675, both at Roxbury. His
daughter Hannah was born at Salisbury, April 27, 1680, by
wife Hannah; Elizabeth at Danvers, 1682. He was sent to
Boston, May 8, 1692, charged with witchcraft, andk ept nine
weeks in prison, previous to his trial. Our fellow citizen, Elias
Thomas, of Portland, born January 14, 1772, and living 1864,
is a descendant in the fifth degree from George Burroughs
through his daughter Elizabeth, who married Peter Thomas. ]

' Cumberland Registry of Deeds.

2 Bentley in his history of Salem published in the Collections of the Massachu-
setts Historical Society, says, that Burroughs was about four score years old at
the time of hisdeath. But strong circumstances oppose this statement; his great
strength, his going to a new country to preach, the entire want of evidence rela-
tive to him previous to the facts which we have noticed, lead us to the conclusion
that he was the graduate whose name stands in Harvard Catalogue for the year
1670, and consequently a much younger man than Bentley supposed. Upham’s
lectures on witchcraft which have just issued from the press, confirms the favor-
able opinion above expressed of Mr. Burroughs,
CHAPTER IX.

e
/
Fort Loyat—Saw MILLS TAXED FOR ITS SUPPORT—DEED OF FALMOUTH TO TRUSTEES—GOVERNMENT OF

ANDROSS, NEW PATENTS FOR LAND REQUIRED—FRENCH EMIGRANTS—ROADS AND FERRIES—BUSINESS
OF THE TOWN AND ITS INTERNAL CONDITION—QUARREL BETWEEN LAWRENCE AND DAVIS.

As soon as the inhabitants were quietly settled upon their
possessions, it became an object of deep interest with them, in
which the government also partook, to provide for the security
of the settlement. It was in some degree a frontier post, and
the safety of all the plantations in the province depended
upon its preservation. The General Assembly in 1681, made
application to the General Court of Massachusetts to make
further provision for its security. In answer to this petition
the court granted that in case of a defensive war, the whole
revenue accruing to the chief proprietor should be appropriated
for the safety of the inhabitants. And “that the annual reve-
nue arising by the trade with the Indians shall be allowed
toward the maintenance of Fort Loyal. The appointment of
the captain as well as the other militia being still reserved as
the charter appoints, in the power of the chief proprietor. Fur-
ther it is ordered that the arrears of the Capt. and garrison at
Fort Loyal be forthwith passed by the President to the Treasurer
for payment.” This order was laid before the council of the
province, who authorized the treasurer, Capt. Hooke, of Saco,
to pay Capt. Tyng his salary as commander of Fort Loyal, at

Ad.
250 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the rate of sixty pounds per annum for himself and servant,
till May following, and to furnish necessary supplies for the
garrison. They also ordered six men to be raised for the pres-
ent supply of the garrison, two from Kittery, one from each of
the towns of York, Wells, and Falmouth, and one from Saco,
Scarborough, and Cape Porpus. In pursuance of the grant of
revenue arising from the Indian trade, Walter Gendall, the
Indian agent, was called upon to pay to the treasurer “twenty
pounds or as much as he has.” The whole garrison consisted
of thirteen men, part of whom were supported by Massachu-
setts.! At the same session it was ordered that ‘for the better

1 From the General Court Files, May 31, 1681.

“Maj. Pinchon, Maj. Savage, and Mr. Nowell are nominated by the magistrates
to be aCom. to joyn with some of our Breth. the Dep. to inquire concerning the
present state of ye Province of Maine and ye settlement of Fort Loyal and to con-
sider what is farther necessary to be done for the maintainance thereof and to
present ye same to ye Court in ye afternoon.

The magistrates have past this order
our brethren the Deputies consenting.
J. Duptey, per order. ,

The Deputies have chosen Maj, Pike

Capt. Sprague, Capt Waite, and Lt. Johnson to joyne

with our hon. magistrates to be a Committee as in the above bill. May 31. 1681.
ExisuA Hurcurson, Speaker.

The returne of the Committee appointed by the Gen. Court to enquire into
the state of the Province of Mayne and what was further needfull to be done for
the settlement of Fort Loyal and the maintaintance thereof

1. For the province itself we cannot as yet by any enquiry satisfy ourselves
so as to give information to the Court what it may produce. ~

2. For the Fort we apprehend needful that it should be continued or defended
both for the securing of the people in those parts against the Indians and any bad
neighbours and also from the encouragement that people take from it to replant
themselves there.

38. In order to the maintaining or defence of that fort and place we judge there
cannot well be less than thirteen men viz. a Capt. a Serj. a Gunner, and ten pri-
vate soldiers.

4. We are informed that the people of that Province are so sensible of the
benefit to themselves that they are willing to maintain six private soldiers.

5. The remainder of the charge for the captain’s salary, Serj., Gunner, and
TAXATION FOR SUPPORT OF FORT LOYAL. 251

settling and preserving of order and peace in our eastern towns
of Saco, Scarborough, Falmouth and North Yarmouth, that
these towns do choose in each place one commissioner for end-
ing small causes, civil and criminal, who being first sworn by
Capt. Scottow or by some other in authority either Capt. Tyng
or who nearest to them, have liberty and power, with any one of
the justices of this Province to hear and determine any action
(without a jury) or case not exceeding ten pounds and punish
with ten stripes at their discretion.”

The next year, 1682, a further provision was made for the
support of Fort Loyal and a tax was laid upon the saw-mills in
the province for the purpose. The following document will
exhibit the number of mills and the amount of the tax. “In
answer to an act and order of the council made the last court
of sessions at Wells, the 12th of April 1682, viz. Major John
Davess Dep. Pres. Capt. John Wincoll, Mr. Samuel Wheel-
wright, Mr. Francis Hooke, Capt. Charles Frost, and Edward
Rishworth, recorder, Justices.

“The Trustees or Representatives,

“Major Nicholas Shapleigh, Left. Abra. Preble, Wm. Ham-
mond, John Puddington, John Harmon, Mr. Benjamin Black-
man and Left. Anthony Brackett.

“An agreement made with Left. Brackett about keeping fort

 

four soldiers with a magazine will amount to four hundred pounds per annum
country pay.

6. We hope something to ease this burthen may be raised out of the Beaver
trade and from the saw mills and some other ways, which may in a little time
wholly ease this Colony of the present burthen.

Jxo. Pyncnon, in ye name of
ye Committee.
The Deputies have perused this returne of
the Committee and doe approve of it and order that Fort Loyal bee maintained
at ye charge of this Colony provided ye Province maintain six soldiers and the
Hon. President is desired to take care yt it be maintained with as little charge as
may be. Past by the Deputies, our hon. magistrates consenting 1 June 1681.
Exisna Hurcurmnson Speaker,”
252 HISTORY OF. PORTLAND.

Loyal for the term of a year’s time, beginning the 24th of May
next ensuing, 1682. Province of Maine. It is hereby mutu-
ally agreed and concluded by the council and the representa-
tives of the several towns now assembled at York, on the one
party and Left. Anthony Brackett, on the other party, of Casco.
That for the present and more easy.carrying on and settling of
fort Loyal that said Left. Brackett stands engaged from the
time above mentioned to be the sole officer taking the charge
and care of fort Loyal by continual watch and ward to keep
it asa fort ought to be kept, with all necessary supplies of
men, six efficient men constantly during the summer season
and four men in the winter, with sufficient arms, ammunition
and provisions and whatever else shall be needful for that ser-
vice for the term of one whole year. In consideration of said
Anthony Brackett his performance of the premisses, the coun-
cil and the representatives in the behalf of this province do
promise and stand engaged in the province behalf to pay or
cause to be paid unto said Anthony Brackett or his order, the
just sum of one hundred and sixty pounds in money or pay
equivalent. In order to the performance of this agreement to
Left. Brackett of one hundred and sixty pounds, we have cal-
culated the value of the mills in several towns arising by an
indifferent proportion as follows, boards at thirty shillings per M.

 

Mills at Kittery. Wells Mills.
Mr. Hutchinson’s £10. Left. Littlefield’s £4
Salmon Falls 10. Jos. Littlefield’s 2
Humphrey Chadbourn’s 4. Wn. Frost’s 1
Major Shapleigh’s 1.10. Mousum Mill 6
Kennebunk Mill 4
£25.10. —
£17

York Mills. Cape Porpus.

Mary Sayward’s £5. Phanea Hull’s £2
Cape Nuttacke 1.10 Gilbert Endicott’s 1

 

|

&
aS
a
2
te
eo
TAXATION FOR SUPPORT OF FORT LOYAL. 253

 

Saco Mills Black Point.
Mr. Blackman’s £4. Mr. Blackman’s Mill £1
Thomas Doughty’s }.
£9.
Casco Mills.
Samuel Webber’s £2.10.
Walter Gendall’s 6.
£8.10. Total is £70.10

“A new addition of some other saw-mills to pay those rents
as follows:
Casco Mill, Capt. Silvanus Davis’, mill rent £4,
Cape-Porpus Mills, John Barrett’s 40s.
John Batson’s 30s. 3.10.
Wells, Jonathan Hammond’s and Wm. Frost’s mill, 4.
York mill, being John Sayward’s mill 20s. 1.
Kittery Spruce mill, Mr. John Shapleigh, 4
Quamphegan mill that is in Thomas Holmes’ hands 6

 

£22.10”

The whole number of saw-mills in the province appear by
this table to have been twenty-four, of which six were in Kit-
tery, which then included Elliott, Berwick, and South Berwick.
It appears that the lumber business was then carried on to a
greater extent in that place than in any other in the province.
Wells was next and Falmouth the third, if Gendall’s mills
may be included, of which we have some doubt. They were
either at the lower falls on Presumpscot river or on Royall’s
river in North Yarmouth. Webber’s mill was on Long Creek,
and Davis’s at Capisic. There was also a grist-mill at Capisic ;
and in 1682, George Ingersoll built a grist-mill at Barberry
Creek in Purpooduck. It can hardly be presumed that the falls
on the Presumpscot, which had been improved before the war
254 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

for mills, should now be entirely destitute, and as no others
are mentioned, although North Yarmouth was then existing as
a town, it may reasonably be inferred that Gendall’s mills were
on those falls, more especially as North Yarmouth could not
be considered as within the limits of Massachusetts at that
time. If this conjecture be correct the mill rates in Falmouth
amounted to twelve pounds ten shillings.'

The next year, 1683, the General Assembly of the province
on the petition of Henry Harwood, discharged him from the
command of the foot company in Falmouth and empowered
“Capt. Anthony Brackett” to take charge of it: ‘Requiring all
the foot soldiers to obey him as their captain, till further order,
and in case said Anthony Brackett accept not thereof, then Mr.
Walter Gendall, or whom he shall appoint is hereby empowered
to take the command of the foot company of Casco; and all
the soldiers therein are required to yield obedience to him or his
order as their commander during the court’s pleasure.” Gen-
dall is also authorized to take charge of Fort Loyal, if Brackett
declined the appointment. Harwood soon after this moved to
Boston and sold his property here to Bozoun Allen of that place,
a tanner,

In 1684, the General Assembly appointed Capt. Joshua Scot-
tow of Black Point, Capt. Edward Tyng, Mr. Nathaniel Fryer,
who probably then lived at Spurwink, Capt. Silvanus Davis, and
Mr. Walter Gendall “to take care of the repairing and well
ordering of fort Loyal in Falmouth and settle a chief officer
there.” And next year they order that the fort “be appointed
a prison or jail to the four associate towns and that the several
justices in the respective towns shall direct their mittimusses

1 Bartholomew Gedney of Salem, had a mill on Royall’s river in North Yar-
month, in 1680, which he afterward sold to Gendall. A petition was made to the
Gen. Court in 1680, for liberty to cut timber on three thousand acres in the vicin-
ity to feed the mill—Massachusetts Files. See also Gedney’s petition, 1687, to
Andross for confirmation of his title. The mill rents were annually granted for
the support of Fort Loyal until the arrival of Andross.
DEED OF FALMOUTH TO TRUSTEES. 255

to the keeper of his majesty’s jail at fort Loyal, and that there
shall be a committee appointed for ye settling of said jail and
the keeper thereof,” the charges to be paid by the common
treasury. The associate towns referred to were Saco, Scarbor-
rough, Falmouth, and North Yarmouth.

After Massachusetts acquired a right to the soil of Maine by
purchase, some fears seem to have been entertained by the land-
holders in regard to the security of their titles. That govern-
ment early took measures to quiet these apprehensions, and
in 1681, the General Court empowered “the President of said
province to make legal confirmation to the inhabitants respect-
ively of their just proprieties in the lands there under his hand
and seal according to the directions of their charter; and do
further grant that they, making their annual acknowledge-
ment of the right of the chief proprietor to the soil and goy-
ernment, shall then be acquitted and discharged from any
further subsidies to the chief proprietor, further than shall be
necessary and orderly levied, for their own protection and goy-
ernment.”

In pursuance of this authority, Danforth on the 26th of July,
1684, executed an indenture of two parts, interchangeably to
“Capt. Edward Tyng, Capt. Silvanus Davis, Mr. Walter Gen-
dall, Mr. Thaddeus Clark, Capt Anthony Brackett, Mr. Domin-
icus Jordan, Mr. George Brimhall and Mr. Robert Lawrence,
trustees on the behalf and for the sole use and benefit of the
inhabitants of the town of Falmouth within the above named
province of Maine,” in which he granted and confirmed to
them in trust “‘all that tract or parcel of land within the town-
ship of Falmouth.”

This is recited in the deed to have been the result of a
mutual agreement between Massachusetts and the General
Assembly of the province, concluded at York in June, 1681,
and it is covenanted on the part of said trustees that the in-
habitants shall pay to that government a quit rent, as an
acknowledgment of proprictorship of “twelve pence for every
256 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

family, whose single country rate is not above two shillings,”
and three shillings for every family whose single rate exceeds
two shillings, annually, in money to the treasurer of the pro-
vince for the use of the proprietor.' A similar conveyance was
made of North Yarmouth, September 6, 1684, and of Scarbor-
ough. Under this deed the trustees or committee of Falmouth,
proceeded to lay out many lots of land, and “granted them to
sundry persons, who builded thereon, and made improvement.” ?
This policy produced a state of repose among the people in
regard to their titles, after the long and numerous conflicts,
which had taken place for the proprietorship.? These con-
tests had occasioned great inconvenience to the tenants of
the soil, who had been continually harrassed by contested
claims.

The trustees named in the deeds were probably appointed by
each town; those of North Yarmouth were Jeremiah Dummer
Walter Gendall, John Royall, and John York.

The quit rents reserved in the conveyances by Masschusetts
were soon found to produce dissatisfaction, although they were
apparently light; and they became the subject of complaint
to Sir Edmund Andross immediately on his arrival about two
years afterward. Edward Tyng, who had been appointed one
of the counselors of that governor on the 10th of January,
1687, twenty days after his arrival in Boston, presented the

1 For this deed in extenso, see Appendix vi. A single rate was twelve pence
on each poll, and one penny upon twenty shillings estate, and’six years’ income
of real and personal estate and faculty, as it was then styled, were considered as
principal in the tax.

2 Petition of old proprietors to the General Court, 1728. In this they state,
that in consequence of the loss of the town book they “cannot find out the whole
number that were admitted settlers by the Trustees.”

3 That the possession of Maine had been attended with no pecuniary advantage
to its successive proprietors, was fully evinced by experience. Sir F. Gorges had
expended twenty thousand pounds in his various enterprises here, from which he
reaped no benefit, and it had cost’ Massachusetts eight thousand pounds for its
defense in the war of 1675,
PETITION FOR ABATING QUIT RENTS. 257

following petition to him in behalf of the whole province, in
relation to this subject: ‘May it please your Excellency. The
late Govr. of the Massachusetts colony having purchased the
land and title of Sir F. Gorges in the province of Mayne and
upon such purchase intending and designing to give all encour-
agement to all persons inclined to goe and set down and settle
themselves and famalyes in and upon the said province of
Mayne. The said late Government did by commission under
the seale of the late Government empower Thomas Danforth,
Esq., to lay and appoint places for such townships in the said
province and also to grant power unto such townships to give
and grant lands to any persons whatsoever, that would settle
themselves and famalyes in the said province under such Quitt
rent as did then seeme good unto the said Tho. Danforth. In
pursuance whereof several persons and their famalyes have
satt down in several townshipps, in and upon the said province
with great charge, trouble and expence and many more in
probability would, had not the burden of Quitt Rents discour-
aged.

“It is therefore humbly prayed of your Excellency that such
townshipps and settlements so made as above may have your
Excellency’s confirmation of their titles obtained as above, and
the Quitt rents appointed to be paid as above for such lands
being experimentally found to lye heavy upon the inhabitants
there residing, may receive some abatement.”

The -repose which the people of Maine had hoped to enjoy
under the dominion of Massachusetts, was again interrupted
by the dissolution of the charter of that colony in 1684. The
death of Charles II. soon after (Feb. 6. 1685) delayed the for-
mation of a new government until 1686, and in the meantime
the authorities in the colony continued to conduct affairs, but
with great sluggishness and indifference until May, 1686,
when a commission arrived to Joseph Dudley as President of
New England. This was followed in December by the arrival

! Massachusetts Files.
258 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of Sir Edmund Andross as Governor of New England and
New York. On this occasison the local government in Maine
ceased and was not again introduced until the final separation
from Massachusetts, in 1820.1 Sir Edmund exercised his office
by the advice of a council without the intervention of an as-
sembly of the representatives of the people. The people were
made to feel the effects of this change in affairs in a variety of
shapes, not the least of which was through the purse. One of
the most grievous expedients resorted to, a gross act of rapacity
and tyranny, was that of requiring the owners of land to pro-
cure new patents for their possessions, it having been assumed
that on the dissolution of the charter, their former titles had
become invalid. The fees for these patents were exorbitant,
in some cases amounting to fifty pounds. To avoid vexatious
collision with the ruling powers, landholders generally complied
with this requisition. To give plausibility to this scheme of
extortion certain forms were adopted ; a petition was required
to be filed describing the land and praying for confirmation ;
this was referred to a committee to ascertain facts and then
a warrant was granted for a survey ; for each step in the pro-
cess fees were exacted. Numerous tracts were surveyed in
Falmouth under this system in 1687 and 1688. Edward Tyng,
of the council, was one of the first from this quarter, to com-
ply with the arbitrary edict; his petition is dated August 80,
1687 ; others immediately followed the example until most of
the large proprietors here had procured surveys. Tyng and
Sylvanus Davis made themselves active in persuading the peo-
ple to comply with this severe requisition of the government,
by which they drew upon themselves the odium of the inhabi-
tants. And although the people generally complied with the
decree, they took the earliest opportunity to express their re-
sentment against those whom they considered as having had

1 The Deputies from Falmouth in the assembly of the province had been Antho.
Brackett for 1681 and 1682. Lieut. George Ingersoll for 1683 and 1685, and
Thaddeus Clarke for 1684.
OPPOSITION TO GOVERNMENT. 259

any influence in procuring the measure. They even made
some opposition to the proceedings of the surveyor when he
first commenced his duties. Davis, in a letter to John West,
the secretary of Massachusetts, as early as November 16, 1687,
thus notices the state of feeling here: “Mr Clements is follow-
ing his warrant but meets with continual disturbance from Mr.
Lawrence who will not be satisfied till he makes all the town
his tenants ;”* he adds that “he thinks all the settlers will pe-
tition.” It appears from a memorial of the inhabitants two
years afterward that his conjecture was right; they say “Capt.
Davis did persuade the inhabitants of our town to patent their
lands and he drew petitions for them near fifty, and now he
chargeth them six shillings for every petition.’

From the time peace was proclaimed, in 1678, until the re-
commencement of hostilities by the Indians, the town had been
continually increasing in population and the development of
its resources. Fishermen settled upon Cape Elizabeth and the
islands which were convenient stations for successfully pursuing

*[It may be gratifying to the curious reader to see the signatures of the noted
Governor of Massachusetts, and his Secretary, West, which I annex. ]
(Andross and West.)

VEE

1 This petition is recited at length i in a subsequent part of this chapter.
was occasioned by difficulties which existed between Davis and Tyng on a
one hand, and Lawrence and the principal part of the inhabitants on the other ,
originating chiefly in a spirit of jealousy against those two prominent men.
260 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

that branch of business. The mill sites were constantly demand-
ing attention from their peculiar advantages, and the forests
were resounding to the stroke of the woodman’s axe, and were
falling before the march of improvement. In addition to the
immigration from neighboring colonies, which was considerable,
the town received an accession in 1686, by the arrival of a
small company of French protestants, who sought refuge on our
shore, from the persecutions which followed the revocation of
the edict of Nantes on the 8th of October, 1685. The number of
persons who came to this town on that occasion we are unable
to ascertain, we have succeeded in tracing but four, viz: Peter
Bowdoin, Stephen Boutineau, Philip le Bretton, and Philip
Barger.

Peter Bowdoin, or according to French orthography, Pierre
Baudouin,! was a physician of Rochelie, in France, from which
place he fled to Ireland on the revocation of the edict, with his
wife Eliza and several children ; from Ireland he came to Fal-
mouth, and we have found his name for the first time in the
records April 7, 1687, when he purchased five acres of land on
the Neck near Robison’s Point, of Anthony Brackett. Le
Bretton, who was undoubtedly one of the company, is found pur-
chasing land as early as September, 1686. [October 8, 1687,
government issued a warrant to Bowdoin for one hundred
acres of land on Casco bay. This was probably in answer to a
petition from him without date, in the French language, stating
that he brought to this country his family, consisting of six
persons, of whom four were young children, and wishing land
surveyed and confirmed.] April 1, 1688, Bowdoin bought of
George Burroughs twenty-three acres extending across the Neck
about where South street now is; he had also another tract at
Barberry Creek.

' He however adopted the English mode of spelling, immediately, as appears
by an original signature in my possession, as a witness, dated March 6, 1688. [A
fac-simile of this signature may be seen on a future page .]
THE BOWDOIN FAMILY. 261

It appears by an original letter from him, August 2, 1687,
now in possession of the Winthrop family of Boston, descend-
ants in the female line, that his family at that time consisted
of six persons.! He had two sons, James and John, and two
daughters; Mary married to Stephen Boutineau, 1708, and
Elizabeth married to Robins. He escaped to Boston just pre-
vious to the destruction of the town in 1690, where he became
an active and enterprising merchant. He died September,
1706; his will was dated June 16, 1704, but was not proved
until 1719, although his widow Elizabeth’s will was proved in
1717.2 The family became distinguished in Massachusetts, and
one of his descendants was a munificent patron of the college in
this State, which bears his name. The male branch is now ex-
tinct, but the name is revived by a descendant in the female
line. [This gentleman, James Bowdoin, son of the late Hon.
Thomas L. Winthrop, of Boston, died without issue, in 1833 ;
so that the name in Massachusetts is now passed away. John,
the son of Peter, was a mariner and settled in Virginia, where
his posterity remain. ]

Le Bretton, who subsequently dropped the French article
from his name, was born in 1660; he was a rigger by trade,
and moved to Boston during the Indian troubles, where he died
in 1737, leaving eight children, viz: Peter, David, Mary, Eliza-
beth, Rachel, Sarah, Jane, and Ann; his daughter Elizabeth
married John Young of Boston, joiner, another married Kd-
ward Dumaresque, and a third Henry Venner.’ [Philip
Barger died in 1703, leaving a widow, Margaret, and probably
ason Philip, who died 1720. Boutineau had six sons and four
daughters. He was living in 1748 in Boston. ]

1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. ii. 3d series, p.49. Dr. Holmes’
account of the French protestants. In a petition to Gov. Andross for confirma-
tion of his title in Falmouth, he says, “his family consisted of six persons, of
whom were four children not of an age to procure their living.”’—AMassachusetts
Files,

2 Suffolk Probate Records. The ship John arrived at Salem, September 9, 1687,
with French protestants.—Massachuselts Files, 1687 pet.
262 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

As the population and business increased, it became necessary
to increase the facilities of traveling. A water communica-
tion had always been kept up with neighboring towns, and also
with those more remote; the coasting trade between Falmouth
and the towns in Massachusetts was successfully carried on,
and our fish and lumber, as well as agricultural products,
at that early period found a market there, for which returns
were made in English goods and groceries. It is believed that
two sloops commanded by Captains English and Phillips, plied
regularly between this bay and Boston. The communications
were not however as they had formerly been, wholly confined to
the water ; a road, several years previous to the time of which
we are speaking, had been laid out from the ferry-way in Cape
Elizabeth, near where it is now established, which passed round
Purpooduck Point by the water and joined the present road
near Simonton’s Cove; then passing by the light-house and
the head of Pond Cove as the road is now traveled, it bent
westerly and crossed the cape directly to Spurwink river, which
travelers crossed by a ferry, about a mile from its mouth. It
then kept by the shore the whole distance to Piscataqua, cross-
ing the several rivers by ferries, near their mouths. This road
passed through all the settlements, as they then clustered upon
the coast, but was circuitous and long. It was soon found
expedient to strike out shorter paths at the expense of going
greater distances through the woods. In 1686, the Court of
Sessions at York granted a ferry at Nonsuch Point to Silvanus
Davis “‘for passage of man and horse over Casco river for the
benefit of travelers.” This point was on the south side of
Long Creek and between that and Nonsuch Creek ; the landing
on this side must have been a little above Vaughn’s bridge.
A road was laid out from Scarborough to the ferry, which
shortened the distance between the Neck and that place sev-
eral miles.

In addition to this route, there was a road to Stroudwater
and Capisie which passed along on the bank of the river to
SURVEY FOR A COUNTY ROAD, 263

Round Marsh, and thence probably as the road is now traveled
to those places. Another road or path was laid out by the set-
tlements on Back Cove to the Presumpscot, crossing Weir
Creek at the foot of the hill near the almshouse. As carriages
were not then in use here, these roads may properly be con-
sidered merely foot-paths through the woods, which then cov-
ered the whole territory and overshadowed the settlements.

In April, 1688, Richards Clements, a surveyor, was required
by the government of Massachusetts to make a survey of land
from Kennebec, “‘so as to head the several rivers of Casco bay,
and see where they may be best passed in order for settling a
county road as far westward as Capisic, or any other remarkable
place thereabouts toward Saco, and also observe what places
were proper for cross-roads to each town or settlement.”’ A like
warrant was given by Nicholas Manning, chief magistrate of
the Duke of York’s province, for a survey from Pemaquid and
New Dartmouth to the Kennebec.!

The only place of business in town at this time was on tho
bay below India, then called Broad street; here Silvanus Davis
had a warehouse, large for those times. In 1687, he was
licensed by the court, “‘to retail liquors out of doors in the town
of Falmouth,” paying duties and imposts. It does not appear
that there was any other store in town ; Seacomb, who had been
licensed to keep an ordinary, several years before, had moved
to Back Cove and occupied the farm which he bought of the
heirs of George Lewis, situated on the point where Back Cove
bridge now lands; this point was for many years called Sea-
comb’s Neck. The business which had been conducted on a
large scale at Richmond’s Island, in the early days of our his-
tory, had wholly ceased, and a proportion of it, we may suppose
to have been transferred to the Neck ; it consisted probably in
furnishing supplies to fishermen and other similar dealing. It

1 July 11, 1688, Nicholas Manning was appointed by Andross, Judge of the
Inferior court in Cornwall; this was a county in the Duke's province.—Massachu-
setts Files,
264 HISTORY -OF PORTLAND.

does not appear that at this time any foreign trade was carried
on, as there formerly had been at Richmond’s Island; when
the interest of the proprietors in England ceased in lands here,
their foreign intercourse was wholly suspended.

The town at this period was agitated by a violent internal
commotion. <A dispute had arisen among the principal men
respecting titles to land, in which the other inhabitants took
sides. The assumption of title by the government and their
distribution of the lands in town, although submitted to, was
never quietly acquiesced in, The ancient inhabitants who had
been driven from their possessions by the war, felt themselves
injured, when the government undertook to bestow upon stran-
gers the soil which they had labored to subdue, and from the
fruits of which they had been driven by an irresistible violence.
This spirit of opposition was most loudly expressed by the
large landholders against those who had received the largest
share of favor under the new order of things. We find there-
fore that Davis and Tyng became the objects of popular odium
while Robert Lawrence led the crusade against them. Law-
rence complained to government that a grant had been made
to Davis of a mile square at Capisic, which embraced his land;
in his memorial he represented that Davis had erected a saw-
mill on a small brook that was dry most part of the year, for no
other purpose than to deprive the petitioner of his marsh, and if
Davis’s claim should be allowed, the petitioner would have “to
starve his cattle for such a person who seeks nothing but the
ruin and destruction of all his neighbors, as is well known to
all ye inhabitants, for whom it would have been happy had he
not come amongst them, seeking to enjoy that for which other
men have honestly paid and spent their time and labor and
estates and lives upon, when he run away from his own at
Kennebeck, where he pretendeth he hath land and marsh
enough.” Lawrence, for the purpose of a decision on the title,
undertook to take grass from this marsh which Davis had cut;
upon which Davis procured a warrant from Tyng to arrest him
DISPUTE IN REGARD TO LAND TITLES. 265

for stealing his thatch ; this, Lawrence refused to obey, and in
-the course of the controversy he called Tyng “a hypocritical
rogue.” The case now assumed an unexpected shape, and he
was carried before the court for scandal upon a counselor
of the governor. The people became enlisted in the quarrel,
and the town was kept in a ferment by it, until the more ab-
sorbing interest of personal danger from Indian hostilities ended
the unhappy controversy. :

The question however of title to the land was discussed be-

- fore the Governor; Lawrence claimed under Munjoy from an
Indian title, which we have before noticed; Davis resisted this
title, and offered the following considerations “to prove that
Indian grants are not sufficient to eject a present possessor.”

“1. Because of the king’s patent to Sir F. Gorges in the
year 1622 or 1629.

2. The former government made several publications after
the land was conquered from the Indians, that all should bring
in their claims in such a time as was therein expressed and
limited, or that otherwise the land should be disposed of to any
of his majesty’s good subjects that would present for the set- .
tling of the country.

3. If Indian titles be of force, that Mr. Lawrence’s title can-
not be good, being not obtained from the right Sagamore, as
several of the Indian Sagamores did declare before Capt. Tyng,
Capt. Joshua Scottow, Capt. Gendall, and others, that Cheber-
rina! was the the right Indian Sagamore of all these lands.

4, If the Massachusetts government have confirmed the title
to the said lands to the said Lawrence or his ancestors, yet not
legal, because they did not confirm the said lands in a legal
and requisite way,

5. Mrs Mary Munjoy did make an agreement with Mr.
Thomas Danforth, late President of said province of Maine, to
divest herself of all claims to lands within the town of Fal-

1A Penobscot chief.
18
266 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

mouth, excepting what was reserved in that instrument.”?

The latter scems to be the better ground of defense and
probably the one on which Mr. Davis succeeded. The tract
was confirmed to him and surveyed by Clements in 1687 or
1688.*

Davis and Tyng were in favor at court during the adminis-
tration of Andross, and consequently carried all their points.
After his downfall the inhabitants hoped to have prevailed
against them, and on the 24th of May, 1689, addressed the fol-
lowing petition: “To the right Hon. President, Simon Brad-
street and Hon. Council,” “The petition of ye inhabitants
of ye town of Falmouth, in Casco bay, whereas our town hath
been under the command of Lt. Col. Tyng and Capt. Sil-
vanus Davis and Lt. Thaddeus Clarke, an Irishman, who had
their commissions from Sir Edmund Andross, who have done
our town a great deal of damage to the loss of many of our
men, as far as we know the abovesaid Col. Tyng and Capt.
Davis did inform Sir Edmund Andross that the people of our
town were an unsubdued people, for they would obey no orders,
and that he would take some course with them; then Sir E.
Andross said that he would set up a court of guard and that

1 Massachusetts Files,

* [The following is a copy of the original notice from Andross to Lawrence, in
my possession,

“By his Excellency,

Whereas Capt Silvanus Davis hath by his petition among other things desired
his majesty’s grant and confirmation for a parcel or tract of land att Kippiseck
containing about one mile square, to which Iam informed you make some clayme
or pretence ; these are therefore to require you forthwith, after receipt hereof to
make known unto Edward Tyng Esq. one of his majesty’s councill what clayme
or pretence you make,” &c. “On default whereof the said land will be granted
to said Silvanus Davis as desired. Dated att Boston the 30th day of August,
1687.

E. Andross
To Mr. Robert Lawrence
att Casco Bay By his Excellency’s command
John West Dy Secy”]
PETITION FOR CHANGE OF OFFICERS. 267

they should be upon the watch every third night and day,
which hath been the loss of many of our men, being thin
clothed and lying upon the hard floor this long winter nights,
and also a great loss of our * * * * both of wheat and peas,
watching the third part of our time and then being in our
arms as often as they please to call us, sometimes every other
day that it hath so disabled us about our employment in provid-
ing for our families that it hath very much impoverished our
town. We suppose that Col. Tyng can turn his coat when he
pleases, when he was with the army he could D with the
worst, but now we hear he can comply and profess like the best
and all for profit like Jehew. Capt. Davis did persuade the in-
habitants of our town to patent their lands and he drew peti-
tions for them near fifty and now he chargeth them six shillings
for every petition and said he would make the inhabitants poor,
he will not subscribe to pay our minister, since Sir Edmund
came; we have a great many things that we can speak that
be of high concern but we shall forbear at present. The
humble request of your petitioners is that you would be
pleased to grant commissions to such men as we shall name
for captain and commissioned officers and your petitioners shall
ever pray.”' To this was added, “The commissioned officers

 

1To this petition were subscribed the following names :—Samuel Pike, John
Palmer, Andrew Alger, George C , Jona. Orris, Anthony Brackett, Francis
Nicolle, Joshua Brackett, Henry Crosby, Henry Bailey, Wm. Pearce, Robert
Oliver, Joseph Ingersoll, Robert Morrell, Thomas Enow, Eben’r Davenport,
Richard Seacomb, John Brown, sen. Ephraim Marston, Joshua Lane, Lewis Tuck-
er, John Wallis, Francis Haynes, George Felt, Nath’l Webber, James Webber,
Matthew Paulling, Joel Madefor, sen. Josiah Wallis, Joseph Wallis, John Lane,
Joel Madefor, Nath]. White, James Wallis, Henry Harwood, Job Runnells, Philip
Eeds, Philip Gammon, John Randall, John Jordan, Reuben Haines, (?Robert)
Wm. German, (?Jameson,) John Frizell, Samuel Skilling, Richard Thomling,
George Adams, John Marshall, John Branford, Henry Langmaid, John Ham,
Wm. Mansfield, Thomas Roby, John Flea, Andrew Creach, Robert Shores, James
Randall, Thomas Baker, John Brown, jr. Thomas Brown, Gustan John, Robert
Greason, John Nicholson, Wm. Rogers, Andrew Shaw, Peter Shaw, Thomas
‘Paine. Although these persons in the petition, style themselves inhabitants of

 
268 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

chosen by the consent of the town are these, Anthony Brackett
Capt. Mr. Robert Lawrence Left. and Samuel Pike Ensign.”’*

This memorial produced a letter from President Danforth,
exhorting the people to live in peace, to bury their quarrels, and
unite in the common defense of the country. To this commu-
nication both Davis and his adversaries replied. Davis repelled
the charges made against him, said he was absent on public
duty when the petition was got up, regretted the divisions in
the town, and was willing to leave the service, but did not wish
to be driven out.!

* [I annex copies of the signatures of Anthony Brackett and Silvanus Davis. ]

a pei brs’
NK fircter fh of may (68S
, wthel, horn Tyorackelt

Oc oa fr Sr KU

Teg eh > 699

1 Davis states in his letter that he had but four men in the fort, with one ser-
jeant and one gumner, and that he had supplied it ever since Capt. Lockhart had
left.

  

 

Falmouth, I have met with the names of many of them on no other occasion ; I
have therefore thought that the names of persons who were on servite here for
temporary period may have been enlisted in the cause to give a show of strength.
It is very evident that we do not find among the subscribers, the names of many
persons of known respectability and property in town.
LAWRENCE’S LETTER TO PRESIDENT DANFORTH. 269

Lawrence, on behalf of the town, replied the same day, June
12, 1689, as follows: ‘“‘Hon’d Sir I am by the whole town de-
sired to acquaint you that they received your letter and being
met together unanimously resolved to agree to be commanded
by all their old officers here present, until further orders from
ye hon’d court excepting Capt. Davis, whom they are utterly
set against and will by no means be commanded by him for
divers reasons, which, if called to, are as they say ready to
give, sufficient to exclude him from any publick office and earn-
“estly desiring ye hon’d court that they may be commanded by
such persons as they shall approve of:” “by request of ye peo-
ple.”

That Davis had a strong party we may infer from the absence
of the names of many respectable persons of the town from
the petition of his opponents, and also from the fact that he
retained the confidence of the government unto the last.) Davis
certainly settled here with the approbation of the town, from
which he received large grants of land and extensive privileges ;
these undoubtedly excited the envy and jealousy of some who
took advantage of the political changes to ruin him in public
favor. Lawrence was undoubtedly stimulated in his pursuit
of him by motives of private interest and revenge, and was
able by his standing and property to rally a party in his service.
There is, we think, no good reason to pronounce an unqualified
condemnation against such men as Davis and Tyng, whose
capital and enterprise for several years promoted the prosperity
of the place. It must not however be denied that in the time
of Andross, their ambition prompted them to support the cause
of arbitrary power against the rights and interests of the peo-

ple.

1 He was appointed a counselor by the charter of 1691.
CHAPTER X.

PopuLsation IN 1689—CoMMENCEMENT OF THE SECOND INDIAN WaR—ANDROSS visits MainE—Is
AUTHORITY SUBVERTED—RENEWAL OF HOSTILITIES—ATTACK ON FALMOUTH RESISTED—SECOND ATTACK
AND DESTRUCTION OF THE TOWN.

We have now: arrived at a period in our history, when all the
fair prospects which the prosperity of our town afforded, were
suddenly overcast by the hostility of the Indians.

The population had been gradually increasing since 1679,
and amounted at this time to at least six or seven hundred.!
We have no means of ascertaining the precise nnmber of
inhabitants, but have been able to trace with some degree
of certainty over eighty families; and it may be presumed that
there were others, which have eluded our research. Of this
number about twenty-five families lived upon the Neck; nearly
forty at Purpooduck, Stroudwater, and Spurwink ; the remain-
der at Capisic, Back Cove, on the Presumpscot, and the bay
east of that river. Several persons who lived on the Neck,
had farms in more remote parts of the town, which they made
their occasional residence during the seasons of planting and
harvesting.

1 The whole population of New England was estimated in 1689, to have been
200,000. Massachusetts Historical Collections vol. i. 3d ser. p. 94. .The same
year the number of Indians from Massachusetts to Canso was estimated at four
thousand three hundred and ten souls. Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. ix.
p. 334,
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 271

Several causes have been assigned for the second Indian
war; those which the Indians themselves offered, were rather
the ostensible than the real foundation of the general rising.
They complained that the English refused to pay the yearly
tribute of corn as stipulated in the last treaty ; that they stop-
ped the fish from ascending the Saco river, by seines and weirs ;
that their lands were taken by surveys under patents from the
government,' etc. But we must look beyond these motives for
the destructive events which ensued. The French missiona-
ries and other active men of that nation residing among the
Indians in the eastern part of the State, had acquired an abso-
lute influence over their minds by addressing them through
the terrors and hopes of religion, as well as by appealing to
their temporal interests. The French were more bitterly hos-
tile to the English, than were the savages themselves, and
though they could not impart to their allies the same jealousies
and the same motives of action, yet they could stimulate them
by the hope of plunder, the love of revenge, and religous
prejudices, to stain their tomahawks in the blood of an inof-
fensive population.?

Among these active and cruel agents at this period, were the
Baron de St. Castin and the missionary Thury, both residing
on the Penobscot. Castin who had connected himself by mar-
riage with the chief Sachem of the country, was roused to
vengeance by a personal injury committed upon him in the
plunder of his property, and a claim of jurisdiction over his
estate, by the English. And Thury in his missionary zeal for
the Catholic faith, labored to persuade his flock that by exter-
minating the whole race from the soil, they would recover their
former importance as sole masters of the land and be doing

1 Mather’s Magnalia, vol. ii. p. 505, Hutchinson, vol i. p. 325.

2 Bomazeen, a noted chief, told one of the Boston ministers that the French
had taught the Indians, “that the Lord Jesus Christ was of the French nation ;
that his mother, the Virgin Mary, was a French lady; and that it was the English
who had murdered him.”—Uather’s Magnalia,
272 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

God service. It is not to be supposed that the Indians them-
selves were unwilling hearers of this preaching, or reluctant
doers of the work which was recommended ; and they entered
upon the task alike ignorant and tareless of the consequences.

[Biard, the French missionary, in the “Relation of the
Jesuits,” 1611, states the number of Indians at that time, from
the account of the savages, to have been as follows, viz: “From
the great river of the New Lands (St. Lawrence) to Chouacoét
(Saco) from nine to ten thousand souls :” thus the Souriquois
three thousand to thirty-five hundred; the Eteminquois to the
Penobscot twenty-five hundred; the Penobscots to Kennebec,
and from Kennebec to Chouacoét, three thousand; La Montag-
rets, one thousand. |

They commenced their operations in August, 1688, by kill-
ing cattle in the eastern plantations, and threatening the lives
of the people; the promise of assistance from the French in
‘Canada, made them menacing and forward in their deport-
ment, and they entered the houses of the inhabitants in an in-
solent and offensive manner. ‘They gave out reports that they
would make war upon the English, and that they were animated
to do so by the French.’! These hostile indications created
alarm through the whole line of eastern settlements, and led
to some precautionary measures. In September, 1688, Captain
Tyng wrote from Falmouth that he was in treaty with the In-
dians, but feared that Casco would be the center of trouble.
The magistrates in Saco seized between sixteen and twenty of
those who had been principal actors in that quarter during the
last war, with a view of bringing their followers to a treaty,
and preventing the dreaded catastrophe. Among these were
Hopehood, the Higuers, and the Doney’s, “all being cruel and

l For many facts relating to the commencement of the war and the destruction
of the town, we rely upon the account of our townsman, Silvanus Davis, who was
a prominent actor in the scenes, which he relates, Itis preserved in Hutchinson’s
papers, published by the Massachusetts Historical Society, and is on file in the
office of State, Massachusetts.
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 273

=

murderous rogues,” who were sent under guard to Falmouth.
This step, which was perhaps incautious, led to reprisals on the
part of the Indians, who robbed the English and took some pris-
oners. Gov. Andross was at this time in New York, and those
who had charge of the government sent some troops to Falmouth
accompanied by Mr. Stoughton, one of the council, with a hope
of compromising the existing differences without the effusion
of blood. He was unsuccessful in bis pacific purpose and re-
turned to Boston, having left orders that the prisoners should
be sent thither, and that the people should secure themselves
in garrisons. To accomplish this last order, Captain Gendall
proceeded to North Yarmouth with a company of soldiers in
September, to construct stockades on each side of Royall’s river
for the defense of that place ; while there, he was attacked by
seventy or eighty Indians, whom after a severe conflict he suc-
ceeded in chasing away, with the loss of several lives on both
sides. This was the first blood spilt in the war. In the eve-
ning after the skirmish, Capt. Gendall and his servant crossed
over the river and were both killed in an ambuscade;! the same
evening, John Royall and another person were taken prisoners,
the latter of whom was barbarously killed, but Mr. Royall? was
ransomed by Castin.

1 The previous incidents in Capt. Gendall’s life have been already adverted to.
He appears not to have left any male issue, at least we do not meet the name
again, and it is believed to have died with him.

2Wm. Royall, the first of this family in this country, was settled in Casco bay
as early as 1636, and is probably the same person who is mentioned in a letter from
the Governor of the New England Company to Endicott (Hazard, vol i. p. 265)
as having been sent over to him in 1629. He was ‘“‘a cooper and cleaver,” In
1644, he purchased of Thomas Gorges the point of land on the east side of the
river, which bears his name, and on which he then lived. He was one of the
General Associates of the province in 1648. In 1673, he conveyed to his two
sons, William and John, his land and buildings on Westcustogo river (Royall’s)
in consideration of support for himself and his wife Phebe. His son John mar-
ried Eliza Dodd, granddaughter of Nicholas Davis of York, and was living
there in June, 1680. THis son William was born in 1640, and died November 7,
1724, in his eighty-fifth year. The Hon. Isaac Royall, son of the second William,
O74 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Gov. Andross on his return from New York, hoping by mild
measures to avert the pending calamity, released the Indians
who had been arrested and restored to them their arms, with-
out any condition as to the prisoners and property which had
been taken in retaliation. On the 20th of October, he issued
a proclamation requiring them to deliver up their captives, and
surrender for trial those persons who had been concerned in
the murder of Englishmen. The measures of conciliation and
the proclamation were alike ineffectual, and early in November
the governor raised a force of about seven hundred men and
marched through the country as far eastas Pemaquid. In the
latter place he established a garrison of thirty-six men of the
standing forces under command of Capt. Anthony Brockholst
and Lieut. Weems, and left two new companies of sixty men
each, under the command of Captains Tyng and Minot, for its
defense. He also stationed garrisons at each of the settlements
on the coast; that for Falmouth consisted of sixty men under
command of Capt. George Lockhart. The whole number of
troops disposed of in this manner in Maine and the province
east of the Kennebec, was five hundred and sixty-eight ; a
force sufficient to have protected the frontier had it been _per-
mitted to occupy the stations into which it had been distributed.
The expedition was fruitless of any other good consequences ;
not a single individual of the enemy was met with, and the
troops suffered severely on their march by fatigue and expo-
sure.

 

was born 1672, resided in Antiqua, nearly forty years, returned 1737, and died
June 7, 1739. The Royall who was taken prisoner, was John, son of the first
William; his house was used as a garrison by order of Col. Tyng and Judge
Stoughton. [A daughter of the second William, married Amos Stevens of North
Yarmouth. Isaac, son of Isaac, was chosen a councilor of Massachusetts, and
was long a representative from Medford, where he lived in lordly style. On the
breaking out of the revolution, he adhered to the loyal side and went to England!
where he died in October, 1781. He endowed the ‘Royal Professorship of Law,”
in Harvard College by a gift of more than two thousand acres of Jand in Wor-
cester County, Massachusetts. ]
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 275

In April, 1689, the authority of Andross was subverted by
a popular excitement, and was succeeded by an irresolute and
inefficient government. The revolution, although it destroyed
an oppressive exercise of power, undoubtedly had a prejudicial
effect upon the existing war. As soon as information of the
movement in Boston reached the garrisons, they revolted from
their officers, many of them abandoned their posts, and they
all were more or less weakened. Andross ina report upon the
disposition of the forces, at the time of the subversion of his gov-
ernment, and the influence of it on his defensive preparations,
subjoins a note in relation to each garrison. Of Pemaquid he
says, “Upon the insurrection, the forces being withdrawn,
and only eighteen of the standing company left in garrison,
the fort is since taken by the French and Indians and the
country destroyed.’’ Of the fort at New castle he says, ‘Most
of the men drawn off, and others debauched, they seized their
officer and carried him prisoner to Boston, and thereupon the
fort was deserted.” Of Falmouth he remarks, “The com-
mander seized and forces withdrawn.’’}

In April, 1689, the Indians renewed their hostilities at Saco,
but without doing much injury. In June, Dover was surprised
and Major Waldron was cruelly slaughtered, with several other
inhabitants. In the course of the summer the Indians on the
Penobscot were joined by the French, and systematic opera-
tions were commenced on the settlements east of Casco bay ;
Pemaquid was taken, and all the inhabitants in that region
were driven from their homes and sought protection under the
fort at Falmouth.”

Notwithstanding the importance of Casco fort to the lives

1 Hutchinson Papers, 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, 3d ser. p. 85.
Some suspicions had been entertained by government that Capt. Lockhart
had communicated with the enemy, but this was repelled by a letter from Fal-
mouth, signed by A. Brackett and several others, April 26, 1689, in which they
say that he conducted with skill and fidelity while at Falmouth.

2 Mather’s Magnalia, vol. ii. p. 512.
276 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and property of a large number of people, the government
seem thus far to have left its defense almost wholly to the care
and resources of private individuals. In June, 1689, Brackett,
Lawrence, and Ingersoll wrote to government urging immedi-
ate assistance ; they represented that there were but few men
in the fort and those almost worn out with watching, that they
had on hand but three and a half pounds of powder, twenty-
four hand grenades, and two and a half pounds of musket shot,
about twenty balls for the great guns, a small quantity of
match, about thirty cartridge boxes for small arms; not one
musket belonging to the fort, and no provision. Silvanus Da-
vis wrote on the same day that he had supplied the fort from
his store ever since Capt Lockhart had left.

The government was roused from its lethargy by these rep-
resentations and alarming movements, and in August they
sent Major Swain by land with seven or eight companies to
protect the eastern towns. In September they procured the
services of Major Benjamin Church, of Plymouth colony, who
had been a skillful officer in Philip’s war; he raised from among
his old soldiers, volunteer troops of English and friendly In-
dians, and proceeded by water to the headquarters in Fal-
mouth. His instructions were signed by President Danforth,
who had been restored to his government June 28th, and the
commissioners of the United Colonies, September 18, 1689;
in which were the following directions: “You are with all pos-
sible speed to take care that the Plymouth forces both English
and Indians be fixed and ready, and the first opportunity of
wind and weather, to go on board such vessels.as are provided
to transport you and them to Casco, where if it shall please God
you arrive, you are to take under your care and command the
companies of Capt. N. Hall and Capt. 8. Willard ;”' and again,
“we have ordered two men-of-war sloops, and other small ves-

1 These companies were part of the forces sent under Swain, but it does not
appear that Willard’s company was here at the time.
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 277

sels for transportation to attend you.” It was agreed that his
soldiers should “have the benefit of the captives, and all lawful
plunder and the reward of eight pounds per head for every
fighting Indian man slain by them, over and above their stated
wages.” He was further instructed to consult with Captain
Davis, of Falmouth, who they say, ‘is a prudent man and well
acquainted with the affairs of those parts, and is writt unto to
advise and inform you all he can.” On his arrival at Falmouth,
it appeared that the enemy, the day before, had landed in large
force upon Peak’s Island, at the mouth of the harbor.' He
found here Mrs. Lee, a daughter of Major Waldron, of Dover,
on board of a Dutch vessel, who had just been ransomed from
the enemy ; she informed him that the company she came with
had fourscore canoes, and that there were more of them whom
she had not seen, which came from other places, and that they
told her that when they came altogether, should make up seven
hundred men.’ The preparations of the place were miserably
insufficient to protect the people from such a number of inva-
ders ; but Church with his accustomed zeal immediately con-
certed with the chief men a plan of operations. From the
time he had arrived in sight of the harbor, he had caused his
troops to keep concealed, in order to take the enemy by sur-
prise; at nightfall, he ordered them to be landed with as little
noise as possible, and to dispose of themselves in the fort and
adjacent houses, and be in constant readiness.

Early next morning, an hour before day, he put the troops in
motion, and with several of the inhabitants he proceeded “to a
thick place of brush, about half a mile from the town.”

In the mean time, the enemy had not been idle; in the night
they had moved to the upper part of the Neck, either by Fore

I Joseph Prout wrote from Falmouth, September 17, 1689, that two hundred
Indians were then on ‘‘Palmer’s Island.”
2 Church’s Expeditions. The number here is overrated probably. Davis ina

letter to government of September 23, 1689, states the number to have been be-
tween three and four hundred,
278 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

river or Back Cove, and by dawn of day, September 21, made
their appearance upon the farm of Anthony Brackett, whose
house stood upon the ground now occupied by the mansion of
James Deering, where they were discovered “by virtue of twelve
firings.” The alarm was immediately given by Brackett’s -
sons; and Capt. Hall’s company who were in advance, hastened
to the spot. The enemy were in Brackett’s orchard, and here
the action commenced. Church, on hearing the alarm, pro-
ceeded with a reinforcement, and a supply of ammunition,
which was transported across Back Cove by one of the friendly
Indians. Capt Hall was sustained by the remainder of the
English forces stationed on this side of the creek, who galled
the enemy by firing over the heads of Hall’s soldiers. After
maintaining the fight some time in this manner, Church deter-
mined to attack the enemy in the rear, and having communi-
cated his plan to Capt. Hall, he proceeded up the creek to the
bridge which crossed it, in the same place probably where one
now stands, on Grove street. The enemy perceiving his object,
immediately retreated, and he, supposing that they had made for
the bridge or sought some other passage into the.town, returned .
to the bridge and finding no trace of them there, hastened across
the Neck to the south side, by Clarke’s point, where finding
“the cattle feeding quietly in Lt. Clarke’s field,” and per-
ceiving no trace of the enemy, he hastily retraced his steps,
and passing over the burnt land and through the brush, formed
a junction with Capt. Hall’s company, which had borne the
brunt of the battle. He now gave orders for his whole army
to pursue the enemy, but learning that most of the ammunition
which was suitable for the guns was spent, he gave over his
design and returned with the dead and wounded to the fort.
Church closes his interesting account of this affair as follows :!
“Capt. Hall and his men being first ingaged, did great service
1 “A Narrative of the several expeditions of Col. Benjamin Church against the

Indians from 1676 to 1704. Prepared for the press by his son.” Col. Church
was born A. D, 1639, and died at Little Compton A. D. 1717,
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 279

and suffered the greatest loss in his men. But Capt. South-
worth with his company, and Capt. Numposh with the Seconit
Indians, and the most: of the men belonging to the town all
coming suddenly to his relief, prevented him and his whole
-company from being cutoff. By this time the day was far
spent, and marching into Town about sunset, carrying in all
their wounded and dead men; being all sensible of God’s good-
ness to them, in giving them the Victory, and causing the
enemy to fly with shame, who never gave one shout at drawing
off.””

The field of this rencounter, as has been intimated, was on
Brackett’s farm, now owned by Mr. Deering, at Back Cove ;
the orchard extended down toward the point. Capt. Hall
must have forded the creek or cove, in order to have attacked
their front. Church gives as a reason that he did not inter-
cept their flight, that “the thick brushy ground” impeded his
march. The enemy were judged to be three or four hundred
strong and the engagement continued about six hours before
they retreated.

The timely arrival of this succor saved the whole population
of the town from the merciless hands of their savage enemy ;
had Church arrived a day later, he probably would have been
called to bury the bodies of his slaughtered countrymen and
to mourn over the ruins of their settlement.

The loss on the part of the English in this action was eleven
killed and ten wounded;! of the enemy’s loss not much is
known, as according to their custom, they carried their slain

1 We have fortunately found the original list of the killed and wounded on file
in Massachusetts State office, enclosed in a letter from Col. Church and dated on
the day of the action, ‘Sept. 21 1689 a liste of the men that was slain in a fite at
Falmouth, and also how many was wounded in said fite; of Capt. Hall’s soldiers
six slain—Thomas Burton, Edward Ebens, Thomas Thaxter, Thomas Berry, John
Mason, David Homes.—Of Capt. Davis’ company two, Giles Row, Andrew Alger,
belonging to the fort of the town. An Indian, a negro of Col. Tyng’s, Capt.
Brackett carried away or slain eleven in all—Wounded six friend Indians—of
280 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

with them on their retreat ; Davis thought many of them must
have been killed."

The enemy met so warm a reception at Falmouth, and found
the country so well protected, that they retreated into their
forests and committed no further depredations during the year.
Chureh visited the garrisons at Spurwink and in Scarborough,
and went up the Kennebee river before he returned. On the
18h of November, 1689, he held a council of war at Falmouth,
at which were “present Capt. Davis, Capt. Wm. Bassett, Capt.
Simon Willard, Capt. Nathl. Hall, Lt. Thaddeus Clarke, Lt.
Elisha Andrews, Mr. Elihu Gullison, Lt. George Ingersoll, Lt.
Ambrose Davis, Mr. Robert Lawrence, Mr. John Palmer, and
others.” ‘Ordered that sixty soldiers be quartered in Fal-
mouth, beside the inhabitants and the soldiers that shall belong
to the fort, which shall be fifteen soldiers beside the commander
and gunner.” It was also ordered that a sufficient garrison
be erected about Mr Gullison’s house for a main court of guard,
and that and “Mr. Lawrence’s garrison are to be supplied from
the sixty soldiers left to guard the said town.” The chief
command was assigned to Capt. Hall.

In relation to the loss by the enemy, Church wrote from Falmouth to the
Governor, September 27, 1689, as follows: ‘‘We know not yet what damage we
did to the enemy in our last engagement, but several things that they left behind
them on their flight we found yesterday, which was gun cases and stockings and
other things of some value, together with other signs that make us think that we
did them considerable damage.”— Hutchinson Papers.

 

Capt. Davis’ company James Freeze, Mr. Bramhall, Thomas Browne, Mr.
Palmer inhabitants. total twenty-one slain and wounded.”*

* Freeze and Bramhall died of their wounds and one friendly Indian. The following extract
from B. York's deposition in 1759, furnishes some additional particulars: “1 well remember that
said George Bramhall was shot by the Indians about ye same time in ye fight over on Capt. Brack-
ett’s farm, and said Brackett was also killed at the same time at his house on Back Cove, and said
Bramhall was brought over after ye fight to ye Neck near fort Loyal and put into Capt. Tyng’s
house to best of my remembrance, and died the next day of his wounds; and his son and other
help they got, brought a number of hides from ye house and tan pitts to ye said Neck; and I re-
member said’George Bramhall left three sons, Joseph, George, and Joshua, and I think one daugh-
ter, who all moved away with their mother to the westward soon after.”
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 281

The inhabitants of Falmouth were fearful that vengeance
would be visited upon them in the spring by the enemy in re-
taliation for the late defeat, and were therefore anxious to
abandon the settlement on the return of Major Church. He
however persuaded them to remain, assuring them that if gov-
ernment would provide the means in the spring, “he would
certainly come with his volunteers and Indians to their relief.”

This worthy officer labored hard to accomplish his promise ;
he represented to the government their exposed situation, and
“at every opportunity entreating those gentlemen in behalf of
the poor people of Casco, informing them the necessity of taking
care of them, either by sending them relief early in the spring,
or suffer them to draw off, otherwise they would certainly be
destroyed. Their answer was, “they could do nothing till Sir
Edmund was gone!””!

This criminal indifference to the fate of so many people,
cannot be too severely reprobated ; and it was not until the
awful calamity which overwhelmed our settlement burst upon
them that they were sensible of their fatal error.

Early in the following year (1690) the enemy renewed their
depredations. They consisted of French and Indians; in the
language of Mather, “being half one and half t’other, half In-
dianized French and half Frenchified Indians.” In February,
they made a descent from Canada upon Schenectady in New
York, in which they killed about sixty persons. On the 18th
of March another party commanded by Artel, a Frenchman,
and Hopehood, “that memorable tygre,” destroyed the settle-
ment at Salmon Falls, ‘with fire and sword.”

Capt. Willard, an experienced officer from Salem, who had
been stationed in Falmouth,’ was ordered in February to pursue

1 The government was preparing to send Sir Edmund Andross and some of
his council prisoners to England. Andross died in London, 1714.

1 Capt. Willard wrote from Salem in November to the Governor that his men
at Casco needed supplies, that the parents of his soldiers were vouch displeased

19
282 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the enemy to their headquarters; on his departure the com-
mand of the fort devolved upon Capt. Davis. It does not
appear that there were any regular troops left here, and the
defense of the place depended upon the courage and exertions
of the inhabitants. While they were in this situation, a party
of the French, some of whom had assisted in the affair at
Schenectady, formed a junction with the eastern Indians un-
der Madockawando, and were discovered in the beginning of
May passing in a large fleet of canoes across Casco bay. From
the direction of their course the people of Falmouth enter-
tained hopes that their destination was to a more remote part
of the country ; but in this they were disappointed. In a few
days they were discovered lurking in this vicinity, and Robert
Greason, a Scotchman, one of our inhabitants who lived upon
the Presumpscot river, fell into their hands. As soon as it
was known that they were in the neighborhood, strict orders
were given for the people to confine themselves to their garri-
sons, and to keep constant watch to prevent surprise. There
were then in addition to Fort Loyal, four garrison houses in
this part of the town, whose local situation we have not the
means of accurately determining ; one was on Munjoy’s hill,
near the burying ground, at the stone house of Capt. Lawrence.
Sullivan says another stood “where Dearing’s house now
stands ;” this was at the foot of Exchange street, and was
probably the house of Lt. George Ingersoll, which occupied
that spot: he says another stood on the rocky ground south
of where the first meeting-house stands. He cites no author-
ity for determining these localities, and probably derived them
from tradition, which we have found a most unsafe guide
in inquiries of this nature. It would seem entirely unneces-
sary to have so many garrisons in the immediate vicinity of

 

because they had not returned as promised. He proposed that Dr. Haraden be
encouraged to visit the soldiers in Casco and take care of them.— Arnis of Sa-
lem, p. 295.
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 283

the fort, and we have thought some of these defenses may
have been in the more remote parts of the town for the protec-
tion of the inhabitants there. Elihu Gullison’s house was
established by the council of war in November preceeding, as
a principal garrison house, but we cannot determine its situa-
tion.

Thaddeus Clark, lieut. of a company of town soldiers, im-
prudently neglected the precaution which had been given to
keep his men within the garrison; being desirous to discover
something of the movements of the enemy, he went out with
about thirty “of the stoutest young men,” to the top of what
we suppose was Munjoy’s hill, which was then covered with
woods. We give the sequel of this unhappy adventure in the
language of Mather:!' “The outlet from the town to the wood
was through a lane that had a fence on each side, which had a
certain block house? at one end of it; and the English were
suspicious, when they came to enter the lane, that the Indians
were lying behind the fence, because the cattle stood staring
that way, and would not pass into the wood as they used to do.
This mettlesome company then run up to the fence with an
huzza! thinking thereby to discourage the enemy, if they
should be lurking there ; but the enemy were so well prepared
for them, that they answered them with a horrible vengeance,
which killed the Lieut. and thirteen more on the spot, and the
rest escaped with much ado unto one of the garrisons.”

After this disheartening and. ominous event, the enemy im-
mediately attacked the garrisons; these were resolutely de-
fended; but at night, their ammunition being nearly exhausted,
the beseiged abandoned their posts and drew off to Fort Loyal.
Next morning, being the 16th of May, the enemy set fire to
the houses, and laid siege to the fort with their whole force.
The local situation of the fort was highly favorable to their
design: it was situated on a rocky bluff fronting the harbor, at

1 Magnalia, vol. ii. p. 524,

2Probably Lawrence’s house.
284 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the base of which the enemy could work securely beyond the
reach of its guns.!- The number of the assailants was so much
more numerous than that of the English, that the latter deemed
it not prudent to leave their defenses. The siege was carried
on five days and four nights, when at last, many of the English
having been killed and wounded, the remainder capitulated on
the 20th of May. The following account of the attack and
surrender, by Capt. Davis, the commander of the fort, will not
be uninteresting. ‘Myself having command of a garrison in
Falmouth for the defence of the same, a party of French from
Canada, joined with a company of Indians, to the number of
betwixt four and five hundred French and Indians set upon
our fort. The 16th of May, 1690, about dawning, began our
fight: the 20th, about 3 o’clock, afternoon, we were taken.
They fought us five days and four nights, in which time they
killed and wounded the greatest part of our men, burned all
the houses, and at last we were forced to have a parley with
them in order for a surrender. We not knowing that there
was any French among them, we set upa flag of truce in order
for a parley. We demanded if there were any French among
them and if they would give us quarter. They answered, that
they were Frenchmen, and that they would give us good quar-
ter. Upon this answer, we sent out to them again, to know
from whence they came, and if they would give us good quar-
ter, both for our men, women, and children, both wounded and
sound, and that we should have liberty to march to the next
English town and have a guard for our defence, and safety unto
the next English town—then we would surrender; and also that

1 This bluff probably retains the same general features it had then ; the fort
stood in the rear of the three-story house now situated at the foot of India street.
[Since this was written, 1831, the whole aspect of this locality has been changed.
The house has been removed, the rocky bluff leveled, and a large tract of flats
has been filled with earth, on which has been erected the spacious station-house
and the large engine house, of the Grand Trunk Railway Co., and it has become
the scene of a busy international traffic. ]
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 285

the Governor of the French should hold up his hand and swear
by the great and ever living God, that the several articles
should be performed. All which he did solemnly swear to
perform; but as soon as they had us in their custody, they
broke their articles, suffered our women and children and our
men to be made captives in the hands of the heathen, to be
cruelly murdered and destroyed many of them, and especially
our wounded men; only the French kept myself and three or
four more, and carried us over land for Canada * * *. About
twenty-four days we were marching through the country for
Quebeck in Canada, by land and water, carrying our canoes
with us. The chief of the Indians that came against us was
those Indians that we had in hold, that Sir Edmund Andross
ordered to be cleared, and Sieur Castine and Madockawando,
with their eastern forces. The French that took us came from
Canada, in February last past, designed for the destruction of
Falmouth, by order of the Governor there, the earl of Front-
enac. The commander’s name was Mons. Burniffe: his Lieut’s.
name was Mons. Corte de March, who was at the taking of
Schenectade. They brought several Indians with them from
Canada, and made up the rest of their forces as they,marched
through the woods from Canada. But | must say, they were
kind to me in my travels through the country. Our provisions
was very short—Indian corn and acorns—hunger made it very
good and God gave it strength to nourish. I arrived at Que-
beck the 14th of June, 1690. * * *. I was at Quebeck four
months and was exchanged for a Frenchman Sir Wm. Phipps
had taken, the 15th of October, 1690.”?

The names of but few of the persons who perished in the
unhappy fall of Falmouth are preserved, and those incidentally.
Among the killed were Lieut. Clarke and the thirteen young
men of his company, who were left dead upon the spot as be-
fore noticed. [John Parker and his son James were also killed.

1 The original paper is on file in the Massachusetts office of State.
286 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The father was born in 1634. They had sought refuge in Fort
Loyal from the attack on his settlement at Parker’s Island in
Kennebec, a short time before. John, the father of John, came
from Biddeford in England to Biddeford in Maine. In 1650,
he purchased the island in Kennebec river which bears his
name, and died there in 1661. His son John, above men-
tioned, was a large purchaser of land on the Kennebec, and
was carrying on an extensive business there when his property
and life were suddenly taken away. He was the ancestor of
Isaac Parker, the late honored and distinguished Chief Justice
of Massachusetts, who commenced the practice of law in Maine,
and was a resident in Portland, when in 1806 he was placed
upon the bench of the Supreme Court. The descent from
John, who was killed, was through his son Daniel, who moved
to Charlestown, Massachusetts, and died in 1694, aged twenty-
seven, leaving a son Isaac, who was the grandfather of the
Chief Justice. ]

Thomas Cloice and Seth Brackett, son of Anthony, were
killed, but it is not known whether they were among the slain of
Clarke’s company or not. It appears by the Danvers records,
that Alsop, Edward Crocker, and Geo. Bogwell were killed at
Casco, in 1690. Jos. Ramsdell, a soldier from Lynn, was also
killed. Capt. Robert Lawrence was mortally wounded, and
Anthony Brackett, Jr., James Ross, and Peter Morrell were
among the prisoners. [John Gyles in the narrative of his cap-
tivity, speaks of meeting on the St. John river a captive,
named James Alexander, a Jerseyman, who was taken from
Falmouth. There were also taken prisoners James Ross,
Joshua Swanton (a boy), Samuel York, Samuel Souter, Sarah
Davis (a girl), Thomas Baker (a boy), and George Gray.
Ross, Alexander, and Swanton, were returned to Boston in Octo-
ber, 1695.] It is to be regretted that a more perfect record of
the sufferers in this catastrophe has not been preserved ; we
have been indebted to ancient depositions taken to perpetuate
evidence, for the few names we have been able to present. In
THE SECOND INDIAN WAR. 287

a

this disaster the town records were destroyed,! together with
all other combustible or destructible property in town, and the
once flourishing settlement exhibited an entire and melancholy
ruin.” It was visited by Sir Wm. Phipps and Major Church
in August, 1692, on an expedition east, when they buried the
bones of the slain, as they were bleaching upon the soil, and
removed the cannon of the fort, which had been too large for
Indian transportation.

After the capture of Fort Loyal the garrisons at Purpooduck,
Spurwink, and in Scarborough, were so disheartened that they
abandoned their posts and retreated upon Saco. In a few days
after, the people in the latter place drew off to Wells, and left
the country east of that settlement wholly depopulated and
unprotected.

Major Church was sent to this bay again in September to
harass the enemy. The expedition on its return anchored
for a night off Purpooduck Point: and the accommodations

1Jt has been intimated that the town records were carried to Canada; but it
is not probable that the enemy would take pains to preserve and transport so
great a distance, documents which to them had no sort of value, Judge Free-
man mentioned the report to me, but he had no authority for it ,but tradition:
Had there been a reasonable ground for the idea, the subsequent settlers would
have obtained them, at a time when their loss was severely felt and produced
great confusion in titles.

2 William Vaughan, Charles Frost, and Richard Martyn wrote to Boston from
Portsmouth, May 19, 1690, that they had just heard of the attack on Casco—that
two men from Spurwink garrison on hearing the firing at Casco, went to see about
it; when they came near, “they saw but two houses standing, the fort on fire
and the enemy very numerous thereabout.” On the 22d of May they wrote again
that the vessels they had sent, discovered that the enemy three or four hundred
strong had possession of Casco, and as they approached the fort, they were fired
upon, and while they staid the remainder of the fort and houses were burnt ;
that three or four hundred people, mostly women and children, had arrived at
Portsmouth from the eastward, and that the vessels reported that Black Point,
Richmond’s Island, and Spurwink were burning as they passed. The General
Court, in October following, ordered a payment for wages to be made to the
wives and relations of the soldiers who were slain or taken at Casco.—General
Court Files.
288 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

on board the vessels being limited, three companies of friendly
Indians encamped in a deserted house on shore. At the dawn
of day the Indians attacked the camp and an obstinate engage-
ment ensued, during which the troops from the vessels were
landed ; the enemy were driven off with the loss of thirteen
canoes. Several were killed and wounded on both sides; one
Indian prisoner was taken, “a lusty man who had Joseph
Ramsdell’s scalp by his side.’”!

Falmouth became the scene of no more engagements during
the war; asingle anecdote relating to the place, told by Mather
with high relish, may close the subject. As the Indians were
passing through “deserted Casco,” in 1694, the squaws de-
sired the young men to shoot some horses that were straying
about Capt. Brackett’s orchard, as they were suffering from
hunger; but the young men, wishing to have some sport first,
caught one of the horses, and making a halter from the mane
and tail, a son of the famous Higon mounted the steed for a
ride, and to secure him from falling he had his legs tied under
the horse’s belly. But no sooner was the horse at liberty, than
he set out at full speed “through briar and brake,” without
regard to the feelings or the wailings of his rider. Nothing
more was seen of poor Higon but a leg which was buried with
great lamentation in Capt. Brackett’s cellar.

The war continued until 1698, when a treaty of peace con-
cluded at Ryswick, in 1697, between the English and French,
having been announced, and Madockawondo being dead, all
obstructions to an accommodation were removed. Articles of

‘agreement were entered into in October, and a treaty was finally
executed at Mare’s Point in Casco bay, January 7th, 1699.
At which time the whole territory of Falmouth, which before
the war was covered with an active and enterprising popula-
tion, was a perfect blank, a thoroughfare for the savage and a
resort for beasts of prey.

'Church. [Of our forces nine were killed and twenty wounded; the loss fell

principally upon Capt. Southworth’s company of friendly Indians from Plymouth
Colony, of whom fifteen were killed and wounded.]
CHAPTER XI.

A BRIEF NOTICE OF SOME OF PHE INHABITANTS OF FALMOUTH DURING THE SECOND SETTLEMENT—NAMES
OF THE SETTLERS.

In the foregoing pages we have introduced occasional notices
of some of the prominent men of the town. We propose now
to conclude this part of our history by adding some additional
particulars relative to the lives and characters of several of
the inhabitants, and furnishing as full a catalogue as we have
been able to collect of all who resided here between 1680 and

1690.
James Andrews, son of Samuel Andrews, who came from

London, was born in 1635, probably in Saco; but soon after
his father’s death, which took place about 1638, he removed to
Falmouth with his mother on her marriage with Arthur Mac-
worth. He is supposed to have married for his first wife,
Sarah, a daughter of Michael Mitton; the christian name of
his second was Margaret, we cannot supply the surname. He
lived on a farm east of Presumpscot river, which passed by
mesne conveyances to the Jones family, and is now, 1831, owned
by Capt. Samuel Moody. During the Indian war he removed
to Boston, where he died in 1704, leaving a widow, one son Eli-
sha, and three daughters, Rebecca, wife of Jonathan Adams,
Dorcas, wife of Ebenezer Davenport* and Jane, wife of Robert

* [Davenport was son of Thomas Davenport of Dorchester, Massachusetts, ad-
mitted freeman, 1642, died 1685, Ebenezer Davenport was born 1661, his wife
290 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Davis; he is believed also to have had a son James and another,
Josiah or Joshua. The last two not being mentioned in his
will, probably died before him.

Anthony Brackett, who was killed in 1689, has been so fre-
quently noticed, that but few remarks will now be necessary.
He filled a large space in the affairs of the town, and his death
at the commencement of the troubles must have been seriously
felt by his townsmen. Of his children by his first wife, Anthony
was taken prisoner at the capture of the fort, and escaped in
September following ; he rendered the country very acceptable
services during the war and finally settled in Boston: his son
Anthony was a rope-maker ; his posterity sold their right in
lands here and did not return. Seth, the second son, was killed
in the attack on the town in 1690. His daughter Mary was
unmarriedin1717. [She afterward married Nathaniel Whit-
tier of Salisbury.] Kezia married Joseph Maylem, and Elinor,
Richard Pullin, both of Boston. By the second marriage,
Brackett had Jane, Zipporah, Zachariah, Ann, and Susannah.
The latter married Samuel Proctor. He returned to Falmouth
before 1720, when another daughter was born here. He had
nine children born between 1709 and 1727, from whom a num-
erous posterity has spread over the state.

Thomas Brackett, brother of Anthony, married Mary Mitton,
and had by her, Joshua, born 1674, Sarah, married to John
Hill of Portsmouth, and Mary, married to Christopher Mitchell
of Kittery, 1708. He was killed by the Indians in 1676, and
his family carried into captivity, where his widow died the
same year.

George Bramhall came from Dover, N. H., where he lived in
1670; he was actively employed during the time he lived in
town; he carried on the tanning business in addition to his

 

1663, He died 1736, she 1723; they had nine children, of whom three daugh-

ters, Tabitha married John Cox, Jr., Hepzibah, Thomas Cox, and Thankful, ——
Cox.]
291

NOTICES OF INHABITANTS.

large farm; some remains of the tannery may still be traced

at the foot of the hill near Vaughan’s bridge.

His family, con-

sisting of his widow, Martha, and children, Joseph, George,
Hannah, and Joshua, after his death, which has before been

George was living in

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292 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Hingham in 1733; Joseph was a wine-cooper in Boston, where
he died without issue in 1716. Hannah married Jonathan
Hall of Harwich; Joshua returned to Falmouth in 1729, and
settled upon his father’s farm, where he remained until 1758,
when he returned to Plymouth.

Thaddeus Clarke came from Ireland. He married Eliza-
beth, the second daughter of Michael Mitton, about 1662, which
is the earliest notice we have of him. Although a man of
standing and enterprise, he had not much education, his signa-
ture to instruments was made by a mark. He lived on the
bank a little above the point on the Neck, to which he has left
his name, where trace of the cellar of his house is still visible,
[1831, but now obliterated by modern improvements.] His
eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Capt. Edward Tyng, anoth-
er married a Harvey, and was a widow in Boston, 1719; his son
Isaac was living in Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1718 ; his
widow died in Boston in 1736, aged 92 years.

Thomas Cloice was the son of John and Julian Cloice. He
married Susannah, a daughter of George Lewis, by whom he
had three children, Thomas, who died in Boston before 1735,
without issue ; George, who lived in Salem in 1735, and Han-
nah. He hada house on the north side of Middle street, a few
rods west of India street. A Sarah Cloice who was a conspic-
uous object in the Salem witchcraft in 1692, was probably con-
nected with this family. None of them returned to Falmouth.

John Corney was a laborer; he lived one year in John In-
gersoll’s house and one year in Samuel Ingersoll’s house, both
on the Neck; he had a sixty acre lot on Nonsuch Point; he
had a son Elisha, born 1668; they both subsequently lived in
Gloucester, where the name is written Curney. He married
Abigail Skillings, 1670, and had several children. He died
1725, aged 80. His wife died 1722, aged 70.

Ebenezer Davenport came to Falmouth about 1685, when
he was about twenty-four years old, and lived on a farm east
of Presumpscot river, near James Andrews, whose daughter he
NOTICES OF INHABITANTS. 293

married. On the destruction of the town he settled in Dor-
chester, where he was living in 1735, aged seventy-four years.
(See ante. page.)

Isaac Davis lived on a large farm at Stroudwater, north of
Long Creek, but he had a house upon his lot in the village on
the Neck. He had several children, of whom John was the
eldest, born in 1660, who, with his brother Samuel, was living
in Gloucester in 1733; James, another son, and the children
of a daughter who married Fitts, were living in Ipswich the
same year; another daughter married Smith, whose son Rich-
ard lived in Biddeford in 1720.

Lawrence Davis was a settler before the first war; during
this war he remained in Ipswich, from which he returned about
1681, and settled upon his farm at Purpooduck. His daugh-
ter Rachel, born 1663, married Robert Haines for her first
husband, and Wedgewood for her second, and lived with him
in Hampton, N. H. Davis’s son, Jacob, also settled at Purpoo-
duck, where he had a family.

Silvanus Davis. Of the early part of the life of Mr. Davis
and his connection with Falmouth, as much has been already
exhibited as is consistent with our limits. On his return from
captivity in 1690, he probably fixed his residence in Boston,
where he died in 1703. He was appointed by the king a coun-
selor for Sagadahoc under the charter of 1691. He left a
widow but no issue; by his will he gave to his wife the use of
the “house he lately built at Nantasket,” with the furniture
during her life, and to the three daughters of James English,
‘in consideration of his intimacy and kindness” all his interest
in lands in Casco bay, they giving to his wife five pounds each.

Henry Donnell, came from York and occupied Jewell’s Island
as a fishing stage about thirty years. He married a daughter
of Thomas Reading, an early settler in Saco, but who after-
ward moved into Casco bay, by whom he had sons, Henry and
Samuel. They were subsequently inhabitants of York. Sam-
uel became a counselor under the new charter, [a magistrate
294 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and judge of the court of Common Pleas. He died March 9,
1718, aged seventy-two. His son Nathaniel, born November
18, 1689, died February 9, 1780, aged 91.]

James Freeze was killed by the Indians in 1689; probably
a son of James of Salisbury, by wife Eliza, 1667; he left a
son Jacob, who afterward lived in Hampton. Jonathan,
George, and Joseph Freeze are stated to have been his heirs.
[He had a three acre lot on the Neck “on the path that goes
to Mr. Clark’s.’’]

Philip Gammon was a fisherman and lived at Purpooduck.
He married a daughter of John Parrott, also a settler in the
same place. He was living in Portsmouth in 1734. There are
persons of this name now in Cape Elizabeth, who probably de-
scended from him.

John Gustin! bought land on Presumpscot river just above
the falls, of Thomas Cloice, in 1686, and lived upon it. Aftex
the destruction of the town he lived at Lynn. He returned to
Falmouth, where he died in 1719, leaving a widow, Elizabeth,
and children, Samuel, John, Ebenezer, Thomas, David, Sarah,
and Abigail. ,

Robert Haines lived at Purpooduck ; he married Rachel,
daughter of Lawrence Davis, by whom he had one son, Thomas,
who was his only heir, and was living in Hampton in 1738.
His widow married a Wedgewood after the death of Haines,
and was living at Hampton in 1747, aged eighty-four.

1T have before intimated an opinion that this person is the same who received
a grant from Danforth under the name of Augustine John, who was a Jerseyman.
I am confirmed in that opinion by a fact stated by Peter Housing in a petition
1687, that his mother sold one-half of his father’s farm on the west side of Pre-
sumpscot river to “Gustian John, a Frenchman.” Now Housing was connected
by marriage with John Cloice, from whom he received land on the Presumpscot;
and Thomas Cloice, son of John, who received the principal part of his father’s
land on the river conveyed to John Gustin sixty acres of it December 14, 1686.
Jobn Gustin subsequently claimed and his family occupied it, and his descend-
ants live in that neighborhood to this day. We hear nothing afterward of Augus-
tine John, except asa subscriber to a petition in 1689, in which his name is
written “Gustan John.” See a previous notice of this settler.
NOTICES OF INHABITANTS. 295

George Ingersoll. The Ingersolls having been repeatedly
mentioned in the foregoing pages, and their origin noticed, we
shall now add but few particulars relating to them. We have
no doubt that all of the name who settled here descended from
Richard, who arrived at Salem in 1629. The first George, the
lieut., born 1618, survived the second desolation of the town,
and was living in Salem in 1694, aged seventy-six. Beside the
three children, George, Samuel, and one killed in the first war,
he had in Gloucester, by his wife Elizabeth, Joseph, 1646, Eliza-
beth, 1648, died 1649, Elizabeth 1651, Mary,1657. In 1694 he
sold to Timothy Lindall, of Salem, his house lot on the Neck,
lying east of Exchange street and extending to the channel of
Foreriver. His son Samuel’s house lot joined this on the east,
and he sold it to Mary Sargent in 1721; Samuel lived at Stroud-
water between the river and “Davis’s Mills.” We do not
know the time of George’s death nor that of his son Samuel.
George, Jr., was a shipwright; he moved to Boston after the
fall of the town, but returned on its revival. He did not how-
ever long remain here at that time, but returned to Boston,
where he died before 1730. In 1687, he was living on one
hundred acres at Stroudwater, possessed by him about twenty-
six years. His son Daniel occupied his Danforth grant lying
east of Willow street, which was confirmed to him by the town
in 1721. Daniel was also a shipwright, and moved to Boston
after a residence here of a few years. He sold his house lot to
Moses Pearson in 1730, describing it as “his father’s former
possession.” Part of this continues in the family of Pearson
to this day [1831. It has long since passed into other hands
and is now occupied as the Commercial Hotel.]

John Ingersoll, as we have seen, lived at Capisic, was son of
George. On the breaking out of the war he moved to Kittery,
where he died in 1716, leaving a widow Deborah, then aged
seventy-one, and children Elisha, Nathaniel, John, Ephraim,
Deborah, born 1668, and married to Benjamin Larrabee, Mary,
Low, Rachel, wife of John Chapman, Abigail,

 

married to
296 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

 

married to Blacey, another daughter who died before him,
who had been married to Brown. His son Elisha, and
son-in-law Chapman, came to Falmouth on the resettlement,
and took possession of the farm.

Joseph Ingersoll was a joiner, son of George, and lived at
Capisic; he married a daughter of Mathew Coe. Danforth
granted hima lot on the west side of Exchange street, on
which he built a house. On the resettlement of the town
his son Benjamin returned from Gloucester, where his father
then resided, took possession of his father’s grants, and became
an active and useful inhabitant. In 1738, Benjamin sold four
acres lying west of Exchange street, including his homestead
to Phineas Jones, and moved to North Yarmouth. [Joseph died
in Gloucester, March 12, 1718, aged seventy-two.

Samuel Ingersoll was a soldier in Philip’s war. He was a
shipwright and established himself in his trade in Gloucester.
He had two sons by his wife Judith, in Gloucester, Nehemiah,
1705, Joel, 1709; his son Samuel married in Gloucester in
1708.]

Dominicus Jordan, third son of Robert Jordan, married Han-
nah, a daughter of Ralph Tristram of Saco, as early as 1683,
and lived at Spurwink. By her he had Dominicus, born in
1683, Mary Ann, Samuel, Nathaniel, Hannah, married to
Joseph Calef of Boston, and Elizabeth married to Humphrey
Scammon of Saco. Capt. Jordan was killed in the war of
1703 by the Indians, and his wife and family were carried to
Canada. They were all restored but Mary Ann, to whom the
name of Arabella was given by her French masters. She mar-
ried in Canada, where she was living in 1760, and never re-
turned. The eldest son, Dominicus, escaped after a residence
of several years at Trois Rivieres, and was an active and useful
man in the subsequent affairs of our town, as will be hereafter
more particularly mentioned ; he was the progenitor of a num-
erous race, part of whom now occupy the paternal estate.
Nathaniel also established himself on his hereditary estate,

 
NOTICES OF INHABITANTS. 297

which was finally divided among the heirs in 1754. Samuel
and Elizabeth lived in Saco, where their posterity still maintain
a respectable rank.

Robert Lawrence, who was killed in the attack upon the fort
in 1690, sustained the rank of captain. [He built a stone
house on Munjoy’s hill, near the cemetery, in which he lived,
and which was used as a garrison in times of peril.] His
wife was the widow of George Munjoy, by whom he entered
into the possession of a large property here. It does not ap-
pear that he left any offspring, and we have not been able to
ascertain his origin. A long quarrel growing out of a disputed
title, subsisted for many years between him and Silvanus Davis,
which was terminated only by his death. His widow married
Stephen Cross of Boston, for her third husband, and died in
Boston in 1705.

Peter Morrell lived in India street; the date of the first
deed to him of land here was in 1681; it was of a house lot
from Thomas Mason; he probably came here about that time.
After his capture in 1690, his wife and children moved to Bev-
erly, where they subsequently lived. His wife’s name was
Mary. Their daughter Mary, who married George Tuck, and
was residing in Falmouth in 1784, in a deed of that year styles

- herself the only surviving child and heir of said Peter.

James Mariner probably came here from Dover: or James
Marinell, whom I have supposed to be the same, as that name
does not afterward occur in our records, came from that place
and purchased land on the Neck, of Joseph Hodgsdon, in 1686.
He was born in 1651, and was living in Boston in 1731. Some
of the same name, and probably his children, were inhabitants
of the last settlement.

Dennis Morough lived at Purpooduck, where he married
Jane, the eldest daughter of Sampson Penley, an ancient set-
tler. We find trace of but one son, who bore the name of his
father and was living with him in Norwich, Connecticut, after

20
298 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the war. In 1734, the son was an inhabitant of Coventry:
None of the family returned here.

Jonathan Orris was a blacksmith, and lived east of India
street. He does not appear to have left any children. His
three brothers, Nathaniel of Barnstable, Experience of Brain-
tree, and John of Boston, inherited his property. [He was
living in Gloucester in 1691 and 1693. ]

John Parrott, a fisherman, was a settler under Danforth,
No male issue survived. His eldest daughter, Mary, married
Philip Gammon; another daughter, Sarah, married John
Green, who lived in Newport, R. L., in 1738. There was a
John Parrott in Rowley, 16438.

Sampson Penley was a settler before the first war, as early
as 1658, and returned on the restoration of peace. We have
been unable to ascertain when and where he died. He left
a widow, Rachel, and three daughters: Jane, married to Den-
nis Morough, Dorcas, to Hugh Willcott, and Mary, to Edward
Bailey ; the latter was living in Stoughton, Massachusetts, in
1734, a widow. [Dorcas Willcott had a daughter Elizabeth,
who married a Pringle, and who inherited her estate. ]

James Ross was born in Falmouth, 1662, son of James; he
was taken prisoner with his father’s family in 1676, and again
in 1690. He was a shoemaker by trade and occupied his
father’s farm or part of it at Back Cove; his mother was Ann,
the eldest daughter of George Lewis. On his return from his
second captivity he resided in Salem. His father was here
about 1657. He was living in Salem, 1724.

John Skillings was the son of Thomas Skillings of Back
Cove, the ancestor of all of the name in this neighborhood,
who came here as early as 1651, and died 1667, leaving two
sons, Thomas, born 1643,and John. During the first war he
continued in Salem; at its close he returned and entered with
zeal and activity upon the improvement of his former as well
as later possessions. He was a carpenter. His principal farm
was at Stroudwater where he lived, about a mile north-west of
NOTICES OF INHABITANTS. 299

Long Creek. He also had seven acres on the Neck, where
Center street now is, which he obtained, by exchange with Rev.
George Burroughs in 1683, on which he had a house. [The
lot which he conveyed to Burroughs in exchange, was the ninth
west of Clay Cove, adjoining Samuel Ingersoll’s lot.] _ His son
Samuel, born in 1677, conveyed the Center street tract, about
17382, in parcels, to William Cotton and others, under whom it
isnow held. We have it from tradition that John Skillings
died before he was forty years old, and that his widow and four
children removed to Piscataqua. This would be about thetime
of the second Indian war, of which he may have been a victim ;
he was living in 1688. Samuel returned and established him-
self at Long Creek.

Lewis and John Tucker were brothers, and lived on adjoin-
ing farms east of Presumpscot river. The children of Lewis
were Hugh of Kittery, fisherman, Lewis of Newcastle, N. H.,
Elizabeth, married to Bragdon of Kittery, and Grace, mar-
ried to Isaac Pierce of Boston, tailor. The first Lewis was
was born 1643,

Ralph Turner was an ancient settler in ‘Purpooduck ; he
was here in 1659, and witnessed by his mark, a deed from
Cleeves to Phillips in that year; he lived on a farm of two hun-
dred acres between Long and Barberry Creeks, on which in
1687, he had “a faire dwelling house and other improvements.”
His daughter Hannah, who married Thomas Holman, a shoe-
maker, was living with her husband at Rehoboth in 1729, and
styled herself “daughter and heir of Ralph Turner.” He
was chosen constable in 1670.

Edward Tyng came here as early as 1680, and soon after
married Elizabeth a daughter of Thaddeus Clarke, and great-
granddaughter George Cleeves. He was the second son of Kd-
ward Tyng, who came to this country with his brother William,
about 1636. The time of his birth is not known, probably
1649; his elder brother Jonathan was born in 1642. He
owned a number of pieces of valuable land on the Neck, and

 
300 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

several houses; on a tract of forty-four acres, extending from
Robison’s Point to north of Main, now Congress street, and
about seventy rods fronting the harbor, he had three dwelling
houses in 1687, when it was surveyed under a patent from An-
dross, in one of which he lived. The cellar of this house could
be seen on York street, a little west of State street, 1840, but
now, 1864, is obliterated. In 1680 and 1681, he commanded
Fort Loyal, was one of the counselors or magistrates of Maine
during the presidency of Mr. Danforth, and in 1686 was appoint-
ed by the king one of the counselors of President Joseph Dud-
ley, who married his sister, and of Gov. Andross. He was
appointed Lt. Colonel by Andross, and had a command in the
province of Sagadahoc, in 1688 or 1689. He was afterward com-
missioned as Governor of Annapolis in N.S., and on his passage
there, was captured by the French and carried to France, where
he died. He had four children, Edward, born 1683, Jonathan,
who died young, Mary, married to the Rev. John Fox of Wo-
burn,' and Elizabeth, married to a brother of Dr. Franklin.
Wm. Tyng, late of Gorham, who was grandson of Edward, by
his eldest son Edward, was the last survivor of the male poster-
ity of the Tyng family in this country. William’s father died
in Boston, Sept 8, 1755, and his brother Edward died a bach-
elor in England.

Wallis. Persons bearing this name in Falmouth were num-
erous during the second settlement. The first of the name
were Nathaniel and John, who were probably the ancestors of
all the rest; they were both here before the first war. Nathan-
iel lived at Back Cove, and John on Purpooduck Point; John
was one of the selectmen in 1681. In addition to these in the
subsequent settlement, were Josiah, who was born in 1662, and
was living in Gloucester, 1734, Benjamin, Joseph, and James,

who was born 1670, were brothers, and lived at Purpooduck ;

1 Lineal descendants of this connection are now among our enterprising citi-
zens, who may trace their origin in the male line to John Fox the martyr, and in
the female to Cleeves, the first settler of Falmouth.
NOTICES OF INHABITANTS. 301

these were all sons of John; they went to Gloucester after the
destruction of the town, but returned again. Josiah’s son John
was an inhabitant of Cape Elizabeth in 1768, aged about sev-
enty years ; a few of his descendants remain. Matthew Paul-
ling and John Lane married daughters of John Wallis, and
lived near him at Purpooduck Point in 1687. The first
Nathaniel was born in 1632, and was living in Beverly, 1701 ;
he had a son John, whose son John was a resident in Sher-
burn, Massachusetts, in 1720.*

Thomas Walter, with his wife Hannah, moved here from
Salem, about 1682, and settled at Purpooduck. His wife was
then twenty-five years old, having been born in 1657. In
1732, his son William, then living in Boston, in a deed of his
father’s property in Falmouth, styled himself “his son and only
heir.”

Samuel Webber. There were several of the name of Web-
ber inhabiting here during the second period of our history,
among whom were Samuel, Thomas, and Joseph. Of the
latter, we only know that he had grants of land from the town
as a settler. Thomas married Mary, a sister of John Parker,
a large landed proprietor on the Kennebec, where Thomas had
lived before the first war. His family moved toe Charlestown
during the second war; he left a widow and several children,
one of whom was named Jeseph. Mary Webber was a peti-
tioner to Andross for a patent in 1687, of land granted her by
the town six years before. Samuel was here as early as August,
1681, when he received a grant of the mill privilege on Long
Creek, on which he erected the first mill which was built on
that stream, and which he sold in 1685 to Silvanus Davis and
John Skillings. He was a witness on the trial of George Bur-
roughs in 1692 at Salem, and testified to his great strength.

*[John and Nathaniel Wallis were born in Cornwall, England. Nathaniel, 1632;
he died in Beverly, Massachusetts, October 18,1709. Margaret, his widow, died
May 14, 1711, aged about eighty-one. Their children were Caleb, Joshua, John,

and Mary. Mary married Pike.]
3802 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

He died in York, 1716, leaving a widow, Deborah, and nine.
children, viz: Samuel, John, Thomas, Benjamin, Waitstil,.
Joseph, Mary, wife of Joseph Sayward, Deborah, and Dorcas.
[Deborah was born in Gloucester, 1695. Two others, twins,
Waitstil and Patience, were born in Gloucester in 1698. After
this he moved to York. ] .
There was also a family of Yorks here; Samuel, born 1678,
and Benjamin, born 1680, were children and living here on
the destruction of the town, as appears by depositions given by:
them in 1759; but we do not know who their father was.
John York was one of the trustees of North Yarmouth in 1584,
and it is not improbable that he was their ancestor. He was
living in 1685, “on land which lieth in Casco bay in North
Yarmouth, which was once possesesed by John Atwell, who
bought the same of Richard Bray, Sen., and there he inhabited
till drove off by the Heathen.” On the breaking up of North
Yarmouth, in 1688, he probably took refuge in Falmouth. |
[The Yorks who came to Portland were probably descended
from Richard York who lived in Dover in 1648. He died in
1674, leaving a widow, Elizabeth ; and Savage thinks was the
the father of Benjamin, Edward, and John. Benjamin was
first taxed in Dover in 1677. July 22, 1670, James, Thomas,
and Samuel York purchased of the Indians a large tract of
land on the east side of the Androscoggin river, and styled
themselves planters. A James York lived in Braintree, Mas-
sachusetts, where his son James was born, June 14, 1648, but
moved to Connecticut, where he was made freeman, 1666.
The son James living in Stonington, 1670, sold his estate in
Boston, 1672, and died, 1678. Samuel who lived in Falmouth, |
in his deposition given in 1759, when he was eighty-one years
old, says he lived in Falmouth seventy years ago. There was _
another Samuel in Gloucester, who died March 18,1718, aged
seventy-three, giving for his birth, 1645. He had by his wife
Hannah, John, born 1695, and Thomas; in his will, other
children are named, as Samuel and Benjamin. This son Sam-
EARLY SETTLERS AND RESIDENCE. 303

uel was probably the settler in Falmouth, who was born in
1678, as was the Benjamin, born 1680. Samuel is supposed
to have moved to Ipswich in 1689 or 1690, and “being arrived
at old age,” in 1767, made his will. Benjamin married Mary
Giddings, 1704, and had six children born in Gloucester before
1728, in which year he was admitted an inhabitant of Falmouth.
He had previously lived in Falmouth, before the Indian war of
1690, and was living there in 1759, when he was seventy-
nine years old. We find on the Falmouth records the birth of
Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Mary York, April 6, 1724,
and Joseph, son of same, August 6, 1728.]

We have not space to give a detailed account of all the set-
tlers in Falmouth between the first and second wars, but we
will now subjoin a catalogue of their names as far as we have
been able to collect them. In the second war some families
were probably entirely destroyed, others lost their male branch-
es: in this way we may account for the fact that so few of the
ancient names are found in our subsequent history.

NAMES. RESIDENCE.
James Andrews, New Casco, died in Boston, 1704.
*George Adams.
Elisha Andrews, New Casco, son of James.
Andrew Alger, son of Andrew of Scarborough.
Thomas Baker, Back Cove, was taken prisoner by Indians.
Henry Bailey, Purpooduck.
Philip Barger.
George Bartlett, Spurwink.
Peter Bowdoin, Neck.
Stephen Boutineau, Neck.
Anthony Brackett, Back Cove,
George Bramhall, Neck.
Philip Le Bretton, Purpooduck.
John Brown, Sen., Purpooduck.
*John Branford.
Richard Broadridge, Neck.

* [Several of the above names Ihave met with for the first and only time in a petition to the
government in 1689, which is copied entire in chapter 1x, p. 267. They are styled in the petition
“inhabitants of Falmouth,” and although their names ure not familiar, I am bound to believe that
they speak truly; the names of such are marked by an asterisk.)
3804

John Browu, Sen.,
George Burroughs,
Joshua Brackett.
Thomas Brown.
Philip Carpenter,
Thaddeus Clarke,
Thomas Cloice,
John Corney,

John Culliver.
Abraham Collings.
*Henry Crosby.
*Andrew Cranch.
Ebenezer Davenport,
Isaac Davis,
Lawrence Davis,
Jacob Davis,
Silvanus Davis,
John Davis,
Joseph Daniel.
Henry Donnell,
John Durham.
Moses Durant.
*Philip Edes.
John Edwards,
*Thomas Enow.
George Felt,
James Freeze,
Jacob Freeze,
Nicholas Freeby.
Moses Felt.

*John Frizell.
*John Flea.

Elihu Gullisom.
Edmund Gale,
Robert Greason
Philip Gammon.
John Gustin or Augustine John,
John Graves. :
Robert Haines,

Peter Housing,

Henry Harwood, —

Philip Horman.

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Purpooduck,
‘ Neck.

Spurwink.
Neck,
Neck.
Neck,

New Casco.
Stroudwater.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.
Neck.
Purpooduck.

Jewell’s Island.

Purpooduck.

New Casco.
Neck.

Purpooduck.

Back Cove.

Presumpscot,
Purpooduck.
Presumpscot.

Purpooduck.
Presumpscot.
Neck.
EARLY SETTLERS AND RESIDENCE. 305

John Holman,

Joseph Holmes,
Joseph Hodgedon,
Francis Haines.
John Harris,
George Ingersoll,
George Ingersoll, Jr.,
John Ingersoll,
Joseph Ingersoll,
Samuel Ingersoll,
Dominicus Jordan,
William James,
Francis Jefferies,
John Jones,

John Jordan,
Robert Jordan,
Samuel Jordan,
Jedediah Jordan,
Jeremiah Jordan,
John Lane,

Isaac Larrabee.
Joshua Lane,
Robert Lawrence,
George Lewis,
Philip Lewis,
Anthony Libbee,

Thomas Loveitt,
*Henry Langmaid.
*John Marshall.
James Mariner,

Joel Madefor, Sen.,
Wm. Mansfield.
Dennis Morough,
Peter Morrell,

Robert Morrell,

Joel Madefor, Jr.
Joseph Morgan,
Ephraim Marston.
Robert Nicholls or Nicholson,
Francis Nichols,

Purpooduck, lived in North Yamouth be-
fore first war.

New Casco.

Neck, moved to York about 1686.

Purpooduck,
Capisic.
Capisic.
Capisic
Capisic.
Capisie,
Spurwink,
Purpooduck.
Neck.

Neck.

son of Rev. Robert, of Spurwink.

Purpooduck.

Back Cove.
Neck.

Back Cove.
Back Cove.

Moved to Portsmouth about 1685; he was
a carpenter and brother-in-law of A.
Brackett.

Purpooduck.

Neck.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.
Neck.
Neck.

Purpooduck.

Presumpscot.
Neck.
306

Jobn Nicholson,
Jonathan Orris,
*Robert Oliver.
*Thomas Paine.
John Palmer,
Thomas Page,
John Parrott,
Matthew Patten or Paullin,
Wm. Pearce.
John Peadrick.
Thomas Peck,
Sampson Penley,
Joseph Phippen,
David Phippen,
Richard Pope,
Richard Powsland or Powsley,
Samuel Pike,
*John Randall.
John Rider,
*James Randall.
Wm. Rogers,
James Ross,
*Thomas Roby.
*Job Runnells.
Richard Seacomb,
*Andrew Shaw.
John Seacomb.
*Peter Shaw.
John Smith,
Leonard Slew,
John Skillings,
Thomas Sparke,

_ Robert Staniford,
Thomas Staniford,
John Staniford,
Clement Swett,
*Robert Shares.
Samuel Skillings.
Lewis Tucker,
John Tucker,
Ralph Turner,
Edward Tyng,
*Richard Thomlin.

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Neck, brother-in-law of Geo. Ingersoll, Jr.
Neck.

Neck.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.
Neck.

Back Cove.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.

_Purpooduck.

Spurwink.
Capisic.
New Casco.

Back Cove.

New Casco.
Back Cove.

Neck and Back Cove.

Back Cove.
Purpooduck.
Stroudwater.
Spurwink.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.
Purpooduck.

New Casco.
New Casco.
Purpooduck.
Neck.
EARLY SETTLERS AND RESIDENCE, 307

Nathaniel Wallis, Back Cove.

John Wallis, Purpooduck.
Josiah Wallis, Purpooduck.
James Wallis, Purpooduck.
Benjamin Wallis, Purpooduck.
Joseph Wallis, Purpooduck.
Thomas Wallis, Purpooduck.
Samuel Webber, Stroudwater.

Thomas Webber.
Joseph Webber.

Michael Webber, Purpooduck.
Zachariah White, Purpooduck.
Nathaniel White, Purpooduck. He left only two children,

Mary and Dorcas, who married
Nathaniel and John Danford

of Newbury.
Josiah White, Purpooduck. Josiah had a daughter Meri-
am, married Richard Suntay.
Nathaniel Wharff, New Casco.
John Wheelden, Stroudwater.

Nathaniel Webber.
James Webber.
Samuel York.
Benjamin York.

[The following tax list, discovered since the first edition of this work was pub-
lished, furnishes me with some additional names. The tax for town charges in
1683, was twelve pounds sixteen shillings four pence. The province charges were
seventeen pounds seventeen shillings ten pence. In the tax for 1683, were the
following items, viz:

“Richard Powsland for money lent the town to go for Mr. Burroughs : £1.10
twenty or thirty shillings in good pay. eee
Anthony Brackett to pay part of Mr. Burroughs’ passage, 5.
Passage, and boards and nails for ye ministers house and workmen, 5.5.
To John Ingersoll and George Ingersoll for one thousand boards to i 1.10
floor the meeting-house ses

“A rate made by the selectmen of the town of Falmouth, the 24th of Novem-
ber, 1684, on the real estate, and all vacant lands of the inhabitants of said town.

Mr. Nathaniel Frier, £0.19.5
Mrs. Jordan, Jeremiah’s mother, 1.09.10
Robert Elliott, 9,
Wm. Lucas, 2.6
Samuel Sweat, 2.6

Mr. John Clark, 2.6
308 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The warrant is directed to the constable of Spurwink, Richmond’s Island,

and Cape Elizabeth : and is signed,

ANTHONY BRACKETT,
WALTER GENDALL,

GEORGE INGERSOLL, [ 5¢lectmen.]
THADDEUS CLARKE,
 

[S64 wt the age of Oy cars:
CHAPTER XII.

REVIVAL OF THE TOWN AT PURPOODUCK AND New Casco—Dupvey’s TREATY, 1703—TREATY VIOLATED,
COMMENCEMENT OF THIRD INDIAN WAR—SETTLEMENTS AT PURPOODUCK AND NEW CASCO DESTROYED—
New Casco Fort aBANDONED—PEACE—THE NECK SETTLED—RESETTLEMENT OF THE TOWN—FALMOUTH
INCORPORATED—IRI8H IMMICRANTS—MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT—OLD AND NEW PROPRIETORS—DISTRI-
BUTION OF LAND ON THE NECK—ACCESSION TO THE POPULATION—CONTROVERSY BETWEEN OLD AND
New Proprietors.

In the former part of our history we have followed the for-
tunes of our town from its first settlement to the close of the
seventeenth century, and left it stripped by savage warfare of
inhabitants and dwellings, a scene of perfect desolation. We
now resume the subject and hope to lead the reader through
a brighter path to the substantial prosperity of the present day.

After the peace of 1698, a few of the old settlers straggled
back to their cheerless places of residence, particularly at Pur-
pooduck and Spurwink. The Jordan family, whose property
lay in the latter neighborhood, collected upon their desolate
possessions and began the world again; they were probably
- the first who returned. In the spring of 1703, a number
of persons had returned to Purpooduck Point and erected
houses there. Their names were Michael Webber, Benjamin,
Joseph, James, and Josiah Wallis, Joseph Morgan, Thomas
Lovitt, Nathaniel White, and Joel Madeford; the latter had
been an inhabitant before the first war. All these persons
had families, and zealously entered upon the task of reviving

the settlement.
310 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

We have not the least evidence that the Neck was at this
time occupied. A fort, instead of being erected upon the
site of Fort Loyal, was established on a point east of Pre-
sumpscot river on the farm which had formerly belonged to
James Andrews.' That part of Falmouth, since that time, has
borne the name of New Casco, to distinguish it from the Neck,
where Fort Loyal stood, which was then called Old Casco.
The fort at New Casco was erected in 1700, intended princi-
pally for a truck or trading establishment, to accommodate the
Indians, and supported by government in pursuance of the late
treaty.2 Settlers soon gathered in the vicinity of the fort;
among whom was David Phippen, son of Joseph Phippen, an
ancient settler in Purpooduck, whose house stood by the gully,
on the east side of Presumpscot river, nearly opposite Staple’s
Point. A Mr. Kent and Samuel Haywood, also lived in the
same neighborhood.

On the breaking out of the war between France and England,
in 1702, apprehensions were entertained by the government of
Massachusetts, that the eastern Indians would again commence
hostilities. To prevent this calamity, Governor Dudley, in the
summer of 1703, visited the coast as far east as Pemaquid,
and held conferences with the Indians. On the 20th of June,
a grand council was assembled at the fort in New Casco, at-
tended by the chiefs of the Norridgewock, Penobscot, Penacook,
Ameriscoggin, and Pequakett tribes. The chiefs were well
armed and generally painted with a variety of colors; those
of the Ameriscoggin tribe were accompanied by about two hun-
dred and fifty men in sixty-five canoes.

1 The point for many years retained the name of Fort Point; the farm now
1833, belongs to Samuel Moody. [A large part of it has since passed into other
hands. ]

2The resolve for erecting the trading house with suitable fortifications, passed
July 8, 1700. By the resolve it was provided that a smith should be kept there
to mend the Indians’ hatchets and fire-arms at a reasonable price.

3 Deposition of 8. Haywood of Reading, 1732.
RENEWAL OF INDIAN TROUBLES. 811

The meeting was conducted in the most friendly manner ;
‘the natives assured the governor “that they aimed at nothing
more than peace; and that as high as the sun was above the
earth, so far distant should their designs be of making the
least breach between each other.”! As a pledge of their sin-
cerity, they presented him with a belt of wampum, and each
party added a great number of stones to two pillars which had
been erected at a former treaty, and called the Two Brothers,
in testimony of their amicable arrangement. After this cere-
mony, several volleys were fired on each side, and the Indians
expressed their satisfaction by singing, dancing, and loud accla-
mations of joy.

It is said, however, that designs of a treacherous nature were
concealed under these pacific manifestations, and that the sav-
ages had protracted the treaty several days in expectation of
the arrival of a French force, with a view to destroy the Eng-
lish commissioners. This suspicion derives some confirmation
from the fact that within two months from the date of the
treaty, ‘“‘the whole eastern country was in a conflagration, no
house standing nor garrison unattacked.’”? In August, 1703,
the enemy, consisting of five hundred French and Indians, in-
vaded our frontier, and dividing into small parties, unexpectedly
attacked all the settlements from Casco to Wells. The inhabi-
tants of Purpooduck were the most severe sufferers in this sud-
den onset. There were nine families then settled upon and near
the Point, who were not protected by any garrison. The Indi-

1 Penhallow.

2Penhallow. About this time the French had drawn off a great number of
Indian families from the Penobscot, Norridgewock, Saco, and Pequaket tribes,
and settled them at St. Francois, in Canada, as a protection against the six na-
tions, who were in the English interest. These were afterward called the St-
Francois Indians and were let loose by the French from time to time to prey
upon the defenseless frontiers of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Hutchin-
son, vol. ii. p. 181.

3 This was subsequently called Spring Point, and probably received its name

from an excellent and unfailing spring which issues from the bank just above
high-water-mark. [Fort Preble was erected on this point in 1808 and 1809.]
812 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ans came suddenly upon the defenseless hamlet when the men
were absent, killed twenty-five persons and took several prison-
ers. Among the killed were Thomas Lovitt and his family, Joel
Madeford or Madiver, and the wives of Josiah and Benjamin
Wallis, and of Michael Webber.' The wife of Joseph Wallis
was taken captive: Josiah Wallis made his escape to Black
Point with his son John, then seven years old, part of the way
upon his back.? Spurwink, principally occupied by the Jordan
family, was attacked at the same time, and twenty-two persons
by the name of Jordan were killed and taken prisoners. Do-
minicus Jordan, the third son of the Rev. Robert, was among the
killed, and his family consisting of six children were carried to
Canada; his brother Jeremiah was among the prisoners, who
was subsequently called French Jeremy, from the circumstance
of his having been carried to France.* The whole country, from

1 Madeford or Madiver, was the son of Michael Madiver, who lived at Purpoo-
duck before the first war; the name does not exist here now, nor in the country
to our knowledge. [Michael Madiver had by his wife Rebecca, in Boston, a
daughter Mary, born August 12,1677. Michael lived at one time in Scarborough
where he married a widow Carter. The name is spelt Madeford, and in the Ge-
nealogical Register, vol. iii. p. 194, Madinde, and p. 526, Maddine.] The Indi-
ans ripped open Webber’s wife, who was pregnant, and took two children from
her.

2 Deposition of John Wallis, who was living in 1760. The family of Wallis,
which was formerly so numerous here, is nearly run out; there are one or two
limbs in rather a decayed state remaining ; some of them spell the name Wal-
lace; they are all descendants of John Wallis, who lived at Purpoocuck before
before the first war, and was selectman in 1681; they returned here from Glou-
cester, Cape Ann.

3 See p. 296.

*(Dominicus Jordan married Hannah Tristram, daughter of Ralph Tristram,
of Winter Harbor, about 1680. This union introduced the name Tristram, now
very common as a Christian name in the descendants of this couple, as Tristram
Jordan, Tristram Vaughan, etc. Their six children were Dominicus, born 1683,
Nathaniel, Samuel settled in Biddeford, Arabella, otherwise called Mary Ann;
she never returned, and was living, unmarried, in 1761, at Trois Rivieres in Can.
ala. Hannah married Joseph Calef of Boston, and Elizabeth married Hum-
phrey Scammon of Kittery and Biddeford, ]
THE THIRD INDIAN WAR. 313

Purpooduck Point to Spurwink, was covered with woods, ex-
cept the few spots which the inhabitants had cleared. This
afforded facilities to the Indians for concealment and protec-
tion. From these coverts they made their sudden and cruel
visits, then returned to mingle again with the other wild ten-
ants of the forests, beyond the reach of pursuit.

The enemy next directed their attention to the fort at New
Casco. This was the most considerable fort on the eastern
coast, and was the central point of defense for all the settle-
ments upon Casco bay ;! under its protection, several persons
had collected to revive the fortunes of the town. Major March
commanded the garrison at this time, consisting of but thirty-
six men. The enemy practiced a stratagem in hopes of taking
the fort without loss of life, and for this purpose their able
chiefs, Moxus, Wanungonet, and Assacombuit sent a flag of
truce to the commanding officer, soliciting a conference, under
pretence that they had something important to communicate.
At first, Major March declined the invitation, suspecting some
treachery, but afterward, as they seemed to be few in number
and unarmed, he concluded to meet them, taking the precau-
tion to post two or three sentinels, where they might be ready
in case of danger. On his arrival at the place of meeting, they
saluted him civilly, but immediately drew their tomahawks
from under their robes, and violently assaulted him, while oth-
ers in ambush shot down one of the sentinels. March, being
aman of uncommon strength as well as courage, wrested the
tomahawk from one of the assailants and successfully de-
fended himself until Sergeant Hook arrived from the fort with
a file of ten men and rescued him from his perilous situation.
Mr. Phippen and Mr. Kent, who accompanied Major March,
being less able from advanced age to resist this savage attack

1TIn 1708, the fort was enlarged, and beds and bedding were furnished for the
first time, by order of government.
21
314 HISTORY OF PORTLAND. ;

were overpowered and slain.! The enemy being disappointed
in their main object, destroyed the cottages or huts in the vi-
cinity and laid siege to the fort. From the weakness of the
garrison, the utmost vigilance was required on the part of the
commanding officer to prevent surprise; he consequently di-
vided his men into three companies of twelve each, who

interchanged watching every two hours without intermission

for six days and nights. At the end of that time the enemy
received an addition to their force, when the whole amounted
to five hundred French and Indians, and were commanded by
M. Bobassin, a French officer. This reinforcement had just
returned from a successful incursion upon the western towns ;
they had taken one sloop, two shallops, and considerable plun- .

"Penhallow speaking of the slaughter of Phippen and Kent, says, “being
advanced in years, they were so infirm, that I might say of them as Juvenal did
of Priam, they had scarce blood enough left to tinge the knife of the sacrifice.”.
David Phippen was the son of Joseph, who lived at Purpooduck as early as
1650. In the previous war the family moved to Salem, and David was probably

, the only one who returned. He had purchased in 1699, a large tract on the Pre-
sumpscot river of George Felt, Francis Neale, and Jenkin Williams, which they
bought of the Indians in 1677. He came down no doubt to improve this estate
extending from Congin to about half a mile below the lower falls. He left four
children, one of whom, Anna, married John Green of Salem. [David Phippen’s
great-grandfather, David, was among the early settlers of Hingham, Massachu-
setts, from which he moved to Boston, where David his grandson was born in
1647. He was a shipwright, His children were David, Ann, Thomas, Abigail,
Elizabeth, and Cromwell. Ann married Benjamin Ropes of Salem.

Major John March was of Newbury, son of Hugh. He received a captain’s
commission in Phipps’ unfortunate expedition against Canada in 1690. When he
took charge of Casco fort, he moved his family there, had a stock of cattle and
cultivated a parcel of ground in the neighborhood of the fort. In a petition to
the General Court in 1703, he states that in the attack on the fort, he lost a sloop
and her furniture, eighty-nine head of sheep and cattle, five and a half acres of
wheat, six acres of as good peas as ever I saw, four and a half acres of Indian
corn, and that his whole loss exceeded five hundred pounds. November 20, 1703,
the General Court granted him fifty pounds “in consideration of his brave defense
of his majesty’s fort at Casco Bay.” In 1707, he was placed at the head of the
expedition to Port Royal, but he broke down, and the attempt was a miserable
failure. We hear no more of him as a military man.

Kent was probably John Kent from Newbury, a townsman of Col. March.]
THE THIRD INDIAN WAR. 315

der, and were flushed with victory. They immediately com-
menced undermining the fort on the water side, and as this
was situated upon an elevated bank, they could work securely
out of the range of its guns, and were protected by a superior
force from the danger of a sally. They had proceeded two
days and nights, and would probably soon have succeeded in
their attempt, had not the garrison fortunately been relieved
by the arrival of a province armed vessel, commanded by
Capt. Cyprian Southack, which interrupted their plans. South-
ack retook their prizes, forced them to raise the siege, and shat-
tered their navy, consisting of two hundred canoes. The In-
dians made a hasty retreat, but still hovered in the vicinity of
Casco bay, which was a central situation for them, and the
waters of which furnished them with an inexhaustible supply
of provisions. In the autumn of 1703, they surprised a ves-
sel in the bay, killed the master and three men, and wounded
two more. They occasionally practiced upon their prisoners
the most revolting cruelties ; in one instance a woman who had
been killed, was exposed in a brutal manner with her infant
fastened to her breast and left to perish. In Casco, Col Church
relates that an English soldier was found in the early part of
the war, with a stake driven through his body, his head cut off,
and a hog’s head placed on his shoulders, and his heart and in-
wards taken out and hung around his body. The eastern towns
were not the only places which suffered in this war. Deerfield
and other settlements in the western part of Massachusetts
were cut off, and many lives were destroyed and property laid
waste on the whole frontier, both of that province and New
Hampshire.

To arm a force sufficient to repel their cruel invaders, gov-
ernment deemed it necessary to call to its aid the avarice of
the people, and they offered a bounty of forty pounds for
every Indian scalp that should be brought in. This excited a
spirit of enterprise in the inhabitants, which made them endure
incredible hardships in pursuing the enemy through the for-
316 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ests in the depth of winter to procure this valuable merchan-
dise.

After the melancholy events of 1703, Falmouth was entirely
deserted of inhabitants, and did not become the scene of fur-
ther cruelties during the war. Saco, Scarborough, and the
places in this province further west were continually harrassed
and lost many of their active and promising young men, as well
as the aged, and women and children. The war was crowded
with scenes of cruelty and blood, similar to those of the last
wars, and which give to Indian hostilities a ferocious and hor-
rible celebrity. The war was particularly distinguished by the
capture of Port Royal, in Nova Scotia, from the French, which
was afterward called Annapolis, in honor of Queen Anne.*

The fort in Falmouth continued to be maintained during the
war, although not without considerable opposition. In 1704,
Col. Church gave his strong testimony against supporting it.
In 1710, the house of representatives passed a resolve to aban-
don it, which was nonconcurred in by the council: they say,
“Whereas the first and sole end of settling a garrison at Casco
Bay, was for a trading-house to accommodate the eastern In-
dians in time of peace, but upon the breaking out of the war,
it was thought necessary to enlarge the said garrison and make
it more defensive, supposing it might be advantageous for the
covering the fishery and to recruit our forces that might march

* [The first expedition against Port Royal, undertaken in 1707, under Col.
March, was unsuccessful and a shameful affair. The next attempt, made in
1710, was more formidable, consisting of land and naval forces from-England,
with the aid of four regiments raised in New England. The place was surren-
dered in October, 1710, and the name changed to Annapolis, which it has ever
since borne. ]

'Church says, “To conclude all, if your Excellency will be pleased to make
yourself great and us a happy people, as to the destroying of our enemies and
easing of our taxes, etc., be pleased to draw forth all those forces now in pay
in all the eastern parts, both at Saco and Casco Bay; for those two trading-
houses never did any good, nor never will, and are not worthy the name of
Queen’s forts.”
THE THIRD INDIAN WAR. 317

toward the headquarters of the enemy ; but by experience it is
known that the fort is of little or no security to our fishery or
of any advantage to our marching forces, but of great expense
and charge, etc. It is therefore “ordered that the forces be
withdrawn, etc.” Several attempts were made to induce the
governor to relinquish the fort here as an unnecessary public
burden, but he would not consent to it. In 1715, the house
voted to garrison Pejepscot fort, situated at the falls in Bruns-
wick, and to abandon that at Casco; a committee reported
that “the fort or trading-house at Casco, which being much out
of repair, we are of opinion it is for his majesty’s service that it
be slighted and no longer continued ;”’ and they recommended
repairing Pejepscot fort and drawing twenty men, the num-
ber at Casco, for Arrowsic. The governor replied, “I shall
give orders to draw out nineteen men and an ensign from Casco
fort for Arrowsic, and also raise fifteen men for Brunswick,
but cannot see reason at present to demolish Casco fort until
his majesty’s pleasure be known.” The house adhered to their
resolution, and after reciting their former vote and asserting
that the governor had power by the charter to demolish forts
without orders from the king, “Voted that no more money be
drawn from the public treasury to pay officers or soldiers at
the fort of Casco, after September first next.””!

Major Samuel Moody, in the early part of the war, 1707,
succeeded Major March in the command at Casco fort; he re-
ceived frequent communications from the enemy, and was the
organ of correspondence between them and the government.
In 1718, hostilities having ceased in Europe,’ the Indians sent
a flag of truce to Major Moody desiring peace, and requesting
that a conference might be had at Casco. The governor being
notified of their application, consented to enter into a treaty

1 Massachusetts Records.
2The treaty of Utrecht was signed July 13, 1713; hostilities had ceased some
time before.
318 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

with them, but insisted on their meeting him at Portsmouth.
At that place, articles of pacification were entered into July
13, 1713, by delegates on the part of the Indians from the tribes
on the St. John, Kennebec, Ameriscoggin, Saco, and Merrimac,
which were accepted and formally confirmed by a great body
of Indians, who were assembled at Falmouth, waiting the re-
sult. When the several articles were read and explained to
them, they expressed their satisfaction by loud demonstrations
of joy. Thus was peace concluded after ten years of constant
agitation in New England, under circumstances which gave
hope of long continuance. By one of the articles, the English.
were allowed to enter upon their former settlements without
molestation or claim on the part of the Indians; while to the
latter was reserved the right of hunting, fishing, and fowling
as freely as they enjoyed in 1693. There was a stipulation in
the treaty, that government should establish convenient trading-
houses for the Indians, where they might obtain their supplies
without the fraud and extortion which had been practiced in
former years. In pursuance of this article, a trading-house
was established at Winter harbor and another in Falmouth.

Hutchinson estimates the loss to the country by the three
late Indian wars as follows: “From 1675, when Philip’s war
began, to 1718, five thousand or six thousand of the youth of
our country had perished by the enemy, or by distempers con-
tracted in the service; nine in ten of these would have been
fathers of families, and in the course of forty years have multi-
plied to near one hundred thousand souls.’”

In 1715, Governor Dudley having been superseded in the

1 The government was at the expense of furnishing merchandise for these es-
tablishments, and providing a person to attend them, who was called a Truck-
master ; they occasioned a continual expenditure, with but little satisfaction to

- the Indians. The one at Falmouth was not long continued, and the failure of

the government in this particular became a subject of complaint—New Hamp-
shire Collections, vol. ii. p. 240.

? New Hampshire Collections, vol. ii. p. 183.
DEMOLITION OF CASCO FORT. 319

government of Massachusetts, the House of Representatives
seized the opportunity to secure the demolition of the fort at
Casco, and passed the following resolve in June, 1716. “This
house being informed, that the votes to demolish Casco fort.
and remove the stores from thence have not been fully complied
with, which this house apprehend may be of dangerous conse-
quence by exposing his majesty’s stores and the few people that
still remain there, contrary to the acts of this court, to the in-
sults of the Indians; Resolved, that his Hon. the Lt. Governor
be desired to direct a full performance of the votes of this
court, and order the removing of the stores to Boston, and the
entire demolishing of the fort and the houses therein, without
delay.” This order was immediately carried into execution,
and a sloop was dispatched from Boston to remove the stores
belonging to the government to that place. Major Moody,
who had probably continued at the fort until it was demolished,
and Benjamin Larrabee, the second in command, with the other
persons who had occupied the houses which were ordered to
be destroyed, removed their residence to the Neck.' At that
time there was but a solitary family upon it by the name of
Ingersoll.2 Where Ingersoll built his hut, we have no means
of ascertaining. James Mills, from Lynn, built the second or
third house in town,? and as he had subsequently a grant of

1 One of these persons was Joseph Bean, from York, who was an Indian inter-
preter. Having been taken by the Indians in 1692, when sixteen years old, and
kept by them eight years, he had become familiar with their language. He was
here with his family as early as 1710, having had a child born here in March of
that year. His first three children were born in York, and five last in Falmouth.
He was probably connected with the fort at New Casco. In 1724, he had the
rank of Captain, and served in the Indian war of 1722. His descendants still
live among us in respectable rank.

2 Rev. Mr. Smith says, “In 1716, one Ingersoll built a hut on Falmouth Neck,

_where he lived sometime alone, and was thence called Gov. Ingersoll.” I have
thought this must have been Elisha, son of John Ingersoll of Kittery, who had
been driven from here in the war of 1688. Whoever he was, he was drowned in
Presumpscot river a few years afterward.

3 Proprietors’ Record,

Be we et ee te ee
320 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

an acre house lot, “where his house stood,’’ which included
the land in Middle street, where the late Judge Freeman’s
house now is, we conjecture that his early habitation was
erected near that spot.! The first notice, however, that we have
of the return of any of the former inhabitants is in 1715, when
Benjamin Skillings and Zachariah Brackett occupied the farms
at Back Cove, which had belonged to their fathers ;? these ad-
joined each other. Skillings had resided in Salem, where his
mother had married a seeond husband by the name of Wilkins.
Brackett was the son of Anthony by his second marriage, and
had been living at Hampton in New Hampshire, where his
mother originated.*? Early the same year, Dominicus Jordan,
son of Dominicus, who was killed in the last war, reoccupied
the paternal estate at Spurwink ; his eldest son Dominicus was
born there in June of that year. At Purpooduck, Gilbert
Winslow, called Doctor, who probably had been surgeon at the
garrison, built the first house in 1716 or 1717,‘ and the same
year he was joined by Samuel Cobb, who built the second
house there, but who next year moved to the Neck, and erected
a house in Queen, now Congress street, near the head of India
street.2 In July, 1716, the inhabitants who had already gath-

1 The grant of the house lot was made by the town, April, 1727. His family
did not come here until after June, 1716, in which month he had a daughter
born in Lynn. [Judge Freeman’s house is now, 1864, kept by Mr. Hay, asa
hotel, and called the Freeman House.]

2 Rev. Mr. Smith’s Ch. Records.

3 Zachariah Brackett had four children born in Hampton, the first in 1709; his
fifth child, Zachariah, was born in Falmouth, November 30, 1716. He moved to
Ipswich about 1740, and died there.

4 Doctor Winslow, ina few years, moved to North Yarmouth. [Winslow’s
name was Gilbert. In 1720, he built a millin North Yarmouth, His son Benja-
min, born in that town, 1740, was living there in 1826.]

5 Samuel Cobb was a ship-carpenter, and came from Middleborough, Massa-
chusetts ; he was thirty-eight years old and married when he came here; he was
followed next year by his three brothers, J onathan, Ebenezer, and Joseph, who
settled at Purpooduck. Ebenezer died in 1721, aged thirty-three. From the
above, all of the namo in this part of the country descended.
RESETTLEMENT AFTER THE WAR. 321

ered upon the Neck, being probably the disbanded soldiers,
were fifteen men, beside women and children.'!' Samuel Moody
built his house fronting the beach below India street, on the
spot which forms the corner of Fore and Hancock streets ; this
for a number of years was the principal house in town. Ben-
jamin Larrabee built his, a one-story house, where Mr. New-
hall’s now stands, on the corner of Middle and Pearl streets.
Richard Wilmot, and John Wass, who married his daughter
Anne, built on Queen street, near the entrance of Wilmot
‘street, which took its name from the early occupant. [In 1726,
Wass sold his grant to Isaac Sawyer.] Thomas Thomes built

1 The following order was passed by the Council, July 20, 1716. ‘A memorial
presented by Capt. Samuel Moody, late commander of his Majesty’s fort, at Cas-
co Bay, praying that he might have liberty to build a small fortification, with
stockades, at the town of Falmouth, commonly called Old Casco, about his own
house, upon his own land in the said town, and that he may furnish the same
with arms and ammunition at his own charges for himself and the inhabitants
there, being in number fifteen men, beside women and children. Ordered that
the prayer of said petition be granted.” A part of these men were James
Doughty, John Gustin, Mark Rounds, Matthew and William Scales, Ebenezer
Hall, Thomas Thomes, John Wass, James Mills, Joseph Bean, and John Barbour,
father and son; the father came a year after his son with his family, consisting
of ason James and a daughter, the widow Gibbs with her daughter Mary, ten
years old, and son Andrew, five years old. John Barbour the elder, was drowned
January, 1719. Doughty was a shoemaker, born about 1680, probably son of
James of Scituate; Rounds was a gunsmith ; he died about 1720, leaving three
sons, Joseph, George, and Samuel. Collier came from Plymouth Colony. [John
Gustin had settled in Lynn after he was driven from Falmouth ; he died in 1719,
leaving a wife, Elizabeth, and children, Samuel, David, John, Ebenezer, Thomas,
Sarah, and Abigail. The family from which Matthew and William Scales de-

_scended, settled in Rowley, Massachusetts. John was there in 1648, and William
was made freeman May 13, 1640. Our settler William was chosen one of the
selectmen, and representative to the General Courtin 1719. Their father owned
land in North Yarmouth, and they both went there to live in 1720. William’s
eldest son, Thomas, was born there in 1721, the first male child born in that town.
The two brothers were killed by the Indians at their house, in April, 1725.
William had seven children. Collier had a grant of a house lot on the beach
east of India street and built a house there. He died without issue, January 17,
1782, aged fifty-five. His widow, Mary, in 1735, married Robert Dabney of
North Yarmouth.]
822 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in Clay Cove; Barbour on Middle, near Court street, on land
which was afterward granted to him, and part of which still
remains in the family; probably a solitary instance in this
town of hereditary transmission of an estate for so many years.
James Doughty built next below Barbour, on Middle street.
Samuel Proctor, who moved his family here from Lynn in
1717 or 1718, built on Fore street, near where Silver street en-
ters it.!. John Pritchard came from Boston about the same
period, and erected his house on Thames street, and Richard
Collier from the old Colony, occupied a spot near Jordan’s
Point. These were all, or the principal persons who had seized
upon the vacant soil on the Neck, within the five years after
the peace; in 1718, when Samuel Cobb moved from Purpoo-
duck, there were settled here thirteen families, beside his own.?

The inhabitants of the previous settlement and the persons
claiming under them, finding their ancient possessions becom-
ing the resort of a new population, begun to turn their attention
to the means of improving their property and placing the set-
tlement under due regulations. In 1715, the General Court
had appointed a committee of five persons, on the petition of
Cape Porpus and Black Point, ‘to prosecute the regular settle-
ment of the eastern frontier,’’ who were “directed to lay out
the town platts in a regular and defensible manner at the
charge of the proprictors, and of such other towns as shall af-
‘ter apply agreeably to the order of court; and passed an order
that no settlement should be made in the eastern country with-
out authority from government.’ It was their object to prevent
scattered plantations from being established over the country
which would invite the Indians to renewed depredations, and
expose the lives and property of the people. Under this act,

' Samuel Proctor’s son Benjamin was born in Lynn, September 6, 1717.
2Mr. Smith’s Church Record.

3 This committee consisted of “Major John Wheelwright, Mr. Abraham Preble
Mr. Joseph Hammond, Charles Fro3t, Esq.,and Mr. John Leighton.”
PETITION FOR REBUILDING THE FORT. 323

several of the old proprictors and their representatives to the
number of thirty-six, petitioned the General Court in May, 1717,
for liberty to rebuild their ruined settlement, stating that per-
sons were continually making encroachments upon their prop-
erty, and plundering the wood and timber. The prayer of the
petition was granted, and the petitioners were referred to the
committee already appointed to lay out the town. The com-
mittee however did not attend to the duty, and the next year, »
amore urgent application was made to the legislature. The
delay had subjected the proprietors to loss, and their affairs
were thrown into confusion for want of municipal regulations.
These injuries they earnestly set forth in their petition, which
pressed the court to relieve them from their embarrassment.!

In this latter petition, some of the new settlers joined the
old proprietors.

The General Court added Lewis Bane and Capt. Joseph Hill
to the committee, and authorized any three of them to perform
the necessary duties of it. The subject was attended to with-
out further delay; the committee proceeded to Falmouth, in
July, 1718, where they established the lines of the town, and
designated the Neck as the most suitable place for the settle-
ment. Their report was as follows: “Pursuant to a vote ofa
great and general assembly of his majesty’s province of the
Massachusetts Bay, in New England, held at Boston, May,
1715, empowering and appointing the subscribers to be a com-
mittee to prosecute the regular settlement of the eastern front-
jers, and in answers to the petition of the proprietors and set-
tlers of the town of Falmouth, in Casco Bay, in the years
1717 and 1718, who have made application to us, the said com-
mittee, according to the direction of the general court. We
have, upon the 16th day of the present month of July, taken
a view of the said town of Falmouth, and upon mature de-
liberation and consideration, we offer the report to their hon-
orable court, as follows, viz: The dividing bounds between

1See petitions in Appendix.
324 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Scarborough and Falmouth, we find to be the line from the
first dividing branch of Spurwink river, from thence to run
into the country, eight miles north-west, and from said branch
as the river runs, into the sea; and the easterly bounds of Fal-
mouth to extend to certain islands known by the name of the
Clapboard Islands, from a red oak tree upon the main, over
against said islands, marked F. on the south side, and so south-
east over a white rock into the sea, and from said tree eight
miles into the country ; and according to the best of our judg-
ment, we have determined the spot whereon the ancient town
of Falmouth stood, and a fort was formerly built by order of
government, and where there are already settled above twenty
families in a compact and defensible manner, to be a very
agreeable place for the settlement of a town, being bordering
on a fine navigable river, guarded from the sea by adjacent
islands, most commodious for the fishery, and is accommodated
with several large streams for mills, as well as a large quantity
of good land for the encouragement of husbandry; and we
are of opinion there is a fair prospect of its being in a little
time a flourishing town; and in order to enable them to a
methodical proceeding in their affairs, we are of opinion that it
is absolutely necessary that they be invested with power to act
as a town as soon as may be with conveniency. We have also
left our advice with respect to the laying out their streets and
highways, as also for the placing of their meeting-house after
the most commodious manner, for the benefit of the town in
general.”

This report was accepted, and the town incorporated with
the “proviso, that this order shall in no measure prejudice and
infringe any just right or title that any person has to land there, —
and that fifty families at the least more than now are, be ad-
mitted as soon as may be, and settled in the most compact and
defensible manner that the land will allow of.” ,

In the autumn of this year, 1718, a vessel arrived in the
harbor with twenty families of emigrants from Ireland. They
ARRIVAL OF EMIGRANTS. 325

were descendants of a colony which went from Argyleshire in
Scotland, and settled in the north of Ireland about the middle
of the seventeenth century. They were rigid Presbyterians,
and fled from Scotland to avoid the persecutions of Charles
I. They suffered severely during the winter here; their own
provisions failed, and our inhabitants had neither shelter nor
food sufficient for so large an accession to the population. In De-
cember the inhabitants petitioned the General Court for relief ;
they stated their grievances as follows: “That there are now in
the town about three hundred souls, most of whom are arrived
from Ireland, of which not one-half have provisions enough to
live upon over the winter, and so poor that they are not able
to buy any, and none of the first inhabitants so well furnished

?

as that they are able to supply them ;” and they pray that the
court would consider their desolate circumstances by reason of
the great company of poor strangers arrived among them and
take speedy and effectual care for their supply. On this appli-
cation the court ordered “that one hundred bushels of Indian
meal be allowed and paid for out of the public treasury for
the poor Irish people mentioned in the petition.”

1 Belknap N. H., and Parker’s Cen. Ser. 6th Me. Historical Collection, p. 10.

2Massachusetts Records. Robert Temple in a letter contained in the reply of
the Pejepscot Pro. to the remarks of the Pro. of Brunswick, published in 1753,
says, he contracted for a passage for himself and family to come to this country,
September, 1717 ; on his arrival, he first went to Connecticut to look out a farm,
on his return he went to Kennebec with Col. Winthrop, Dr. Noyes, and Col. Mi-
not; he liked the country, and concluded to settle there. The same year he was
concerned in the charter of two large ships, and next year three more to bring
families from Ireland; in consequence of which several hundred people were
landed at Kennebec, some of which or their descendants are there to this day ,
but the greatest part removed to Pennsylvania, and a considerable part to Lon-
donderry for fear of the Indians. The emigrants mentioned above, were not a
part of Temple’s colony. James McKeen, grandfather of the first President of
Bowdoin College, was of the company which wintered here, and the agent who
selected the land on which they settled; he had twenty-one children. [The
late John McKeen of Brunswick, informed me that a brother of James McKeen,
one of the company, died in Falmouth. that winter. ]
326 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

These people took their vessel up the river and secured her
nearly opposite Clark’s Point, where they remained on Purpoo-
duck shore during the winter; in the spring most of them
embarked, sailed for Newburyport, reached Haverhill, April 2,
and soon established themselves at the place to which they gave
the name of Londonderry. Several families however remained
here, among which was James Armstrong, with his sons, John,
Simon, and Thomas, and Robert Means, who married his
daughter. [There were also Wm. Jameson, Wm. Jeals or
Gyles, Wm. and Andrew Simonton, and Randal McDonald ;
these became valuable inhabitants, and their descendants still
remain among us.” |

The first meeting of the inhabitants to organize the town
after the incorporation, was held March 10,1719. At this time,
Joshua Moody was chosen clerk,! John Wass, Wm. Scales,
Dominicus Jordan, John Pritchard, and Benjamin Skillings,
selectmen; Thomas Thomes, constable, and Jacob Collings
and Samuel Proctor, surveyors of fence. At the same meeting,
William Scales was chosen representative to the General Court.

The inhabitants having provided a municipal government
for the town, began to turn their attention toward the means

* [Robert Dinsmore, the ‘Rustic Bard” of Londonderry, states in a letter, tath“
a ship with immigrants arrived at Casco bay, now Portland, August 4, 1718, and
after they had wintered there, sixteen of those families, of which James McKeen
is first on the list, came to Nutfield (Londonderry) April 11, 0.8.,1719, and there
begun the settlement of Londonderry.” This colony, with the Rev. Mr. McGregor
at their head, left Ireland in five vessels containing one hundred and twenty fam
ilies, and arrived safely in Boston, August 4, 1718. From this point they scattered
in various parts of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. One party, in a brig,
visited the eastern coast, seeking for a favorable location; among these were the
Armstrongs, Means, McKeen, Jameson, and Gregg. After visiting various points
on the shores of Maine, they came to Portland. But the winter was long and
severe, and they were discouraged from making a settlement at this point; and
in the spring most of them joined their companions in Nutfield.]

1 Joshua Moody was the eldest son of Samuel Moody, born 1697, and gradua-
ted at Harvard College, 1716; he married Tabitha Cox in 1736, and had three
sons, Houtchin, William, and James; he died in 1748.
DISPUTE BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW PROPRIETORS. 327

of securing their possessions. Most of the people had settled
here upon land to which they had no title, trusting to the
future arrangements of the town for protection and suitable
provision. This subject was one of great embarrassment, and
caused the inhabitants inconceivable confusion and difficulty.
The land was all claimed by persons who had been inhabitants
of the former settlement, or their heirs or assigns, who called
themselves the “Old Proprietors ;” while the settlers composing
a majority of the inhabitants who came without title, were
called the “New Proprietors.” The Old Proprietors claimed
under the deed from Danforth of 1684, the exclusive right to
the common lands as a propriety. This construction of that
deed was denied by the New Proprietors, who contended that
the act of the legislature incorporating them as a town, and
the condition imposed upon them to settle fifty families imme-
diately in a compact manner, was sufficient authority to them
to grant the vacant land. The interest of the town undoubt-
edly required that the land should be taken up by actual set-
tlers.!

The new proprietors having in their hands the management
of the affairs of the town, went steadily on, appropriating the
unimproved lands to settlers; always, however, avoiding the
actual possessions of former inhabitants when they were ascer-
tained, or regranting them to the heirs or assigns of the claim-
ants. And whenever it appeared that grants to new occupants

1 One source of confusion between the old and new proprietors, was the diffi-
culty of obtaining evidence by the old proprietors of their titles, owing to the
loss of the town records in 1690. The proprietors of North Yarmouth, perceiv-
ing the embarrassment occasioned by this unfortunate circumstance, petitioned
the General Court in 1722, that their towa book, which was then in the office of
the Secretary of State, might be put into the hands of some of the proprietors
to be copied, “that so the ancient records of the said town may be kept safe, and
secured from falling into the hands of the Indians, and other casualties that may
happen, which was the unhappy case of Falmouth, in Casco Bay, whose records
were lost, the loss of which has run them into great confusion, and has almost
proved their utter ruin and destruction.”
828 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

covered former titles, new assignments were made. The grants
were not confined to settlers, but the unappropriated territory
was applied as a common patrimony for the public uses of the
town.’ [The rights of the Old Proprietors were established by
a decision of the Supreme Court held at Boston in May, 1781.
The suit was brought by Samuel Moody and al., in 1729,
against Bailey and Hodgekins for possession of lots on Mun-
joy’s hill, occupied and built upon by the defendants. The
demandants claimed under the heirs of Mary Munjoy, whose
title to the hill had been confirmed by the government under
Danforth in 1681. The original title to the tract was examined,
and the right of the town to grant land owned and claimed by
former settlers carefully considered, and the just conclusion
reached, that the ancient title was valid and ought not to be
disturbed. The trial involved a consideration of the grants
from Gorges and Rigby, and the conveyances under them by
Cleeves and Tucker. This judgment settled the controversy .
between the two sets of claimants and led to an amicable ar-
rangement between the Old and New Proprietors in 1732, by
which the rights of the Old Proprietors were recognized and
respected. ]

The Neck which had now assumed a higher rank among the
several districts of the town, than it had hitherto held, became
the subject of the earliest attention. The legislature had se-
lected this spot as the central point of the future settlement,
and nature herself seems to have designated it as the one most
suited for the foundation of a flourishing town. In May, 1719,
immediately after the organization of the town, a committee
was appointed to lay out lots upon the Neck. The lots which
fronted upon King street, then the most central and valuable
situations, were half an acre each; those on the Fore street,
as it was then called, were one acre, being eight rods front and

1 The lawyers who were employed in the controversies which grew out of this
subject, were paid in common lands; parts of them were also sold to pay the
expenses of litigation.
ALLOTMENT TO SETTLERS. 329

a

twenty rods deep ; on the Middle street, they were an acre and
a half, being twelve rods front, and running north to the Back
or Queen street ;' from the latter street to the Back Cove, the
land was divided into three acre lots. The old claims of Mit-
ton and Bramhall at the west end of the Neck, of Munjoy
and Silvanus Davis at the east end, and of John Skillings about
Center street, were not included in this division. It was at
the same time voted, that no person should enjoy any town lot
granted to him unless he settled it personally or by another with-
in six months after the grant; and it was also voted that “the
house lots be laid out in order to a confirmation to such as have
built upon them.” Each person admitted a proprietor was en-
titled to lots of one, three, ten, thirty, and sixty acres respect-
ively, from the common land, making to each one hundred
and four acres. It was designed to grant in addition to these
lots one hundred acres to each proprietor; but it was found
that after deducting land sold for common charges, and that
to which claims were maintained by old proprietors, the terri-
tory was not sufficient for that appropriation.

The first three acre lots on the Neck were granted May 8,
1720, beginning on the north side of Congress street, where Elm
street joins it, and extending easterly to Sandy Point.2 Lots

1 Three principal streets extending westerly from King street, were designated
by their relative position, the fore, the middle, and the back streets; in a few
years their local designations were dropped, and they came to be called Fore,
Middle, and Back streets ; two of them retain their ancient names, while the lat-
ter has yielded to the modern title of Congress street. Its early proper name
was Queen street, but custom and practice bore down the conventional name.
The name of King street has been changed to India street

2The names of the grantees and the order of their grants were as follows, viz :
1 Samuel Moody, 2 Joshua Moody, 3 Minister, 4 Ministry, 5 John Oliver; this
was forfeited, and afterward granted to Benjamin Blackstone. 6 Richard Rich-
ardson, 7 James Doughty, 8 John Wass, thirteen rods front for his three and one
acre lots. Wass had already built a house and barn near where Wilmot street
joins Congress street. 9 John Jefferds, 10 Matthew Scales, 11 Ebenezer Gustin,
12 James Mills, 13 Peter Walton, 14 Samuel Cobb, 15 Jacob Collins, 16 John
Bish; this was a triangle at the foot of the street, which was forfeited and after-
330 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

were afterward granted on the west side of Samuel Moody’s,
and in other parts of the town, until the most valuable spots
were taken up.

A majority of the petitioners to the General Court in 1718,
were then or soon after became actual settlers, and undertook
the management of the affairs of the town. Part of these were
descendants of the old proprietors, but their number was not
sufficient to give them an ascendency in the meetings of the
inhabitants. The town, to comply with the requisition of the
legislature to settle fifty more families in a compact manner,

 

ward granted to Thomas Thomes. 17 Richard Collier, 18 James Doughty, 19
John East, 20 Elisha Ingersoll, 21 Richard Jones. On the west side of Samuel
Moody, three acre lots were subsequently laid out to Dr. Samuel Moody, Benja-

min Larrabee, James M’Caslin, Daniel Ingersoll, Benjamin Skillings, Edward -

Hales, Benjamin Ingersoll, Thomas Cummins, and Nehemiah Robinson, reach-
ing to Brackett’s claim.

[As the land on the north side of Back or Queen street, now called Congress
street, from near where Preble street is easterly to the Munjoy line, near Wash-
ington street, is generally held under the original grants made by the town, a
brief history of some of these titles may be useful and interesting. The westerly
of these grants of three acres, was made to Capt. Benjamin Larrabee, and was
bounded westerly on the old John Skillings claim of seven acres, originally
granted to Rev. George Burroughs, and which he, in 1683, exchanged with John
Skillings for a house and lot nearer the meeting-house. The lot to Larrabee was
about eight rods front on Congress street and extended to Back Cove, as did all of
these grants; this embraced part of the land over which Elm street passes. In
1781, Larrabee sold it for fifty pounds to William Patten, a blacksmith, whose son
John, then living in Wells, in 1761, sold it to John Quinby, and most of it is now
held by his heirs, the late Eunice Day being his only daughter. The next lot was
assigned to Benjamin Larrabee, Jr., son of the preceding, and extended to !Mr.
Chadwick’s line; Larrabee’s heirs, in 1792, sold the whole lot for seventy pounds
eight shillings, to Daniel Davis, the distinguished lawyer, who built the house
now standing on the corner of Congress and Elm streets; in 1807, having mov-
ed to Boston, he sold to Asa Clapp for nine thousand dollars, that portion
extending from Congress to Cumberland street. Capt. Clapp added a third story
to the house and transmitted it to his heirs. The tract below Cumberland street
was parceled out to various individuals, Judge Parker and Dr Stephen Cum-
mings having the largest part. The third lot was granted to Dr. Samuel Moody,
and the 4th to his father, Major Samuel Moody. These lots extended easterly on
ALLOTMENT TO SETTLERS. 3381

immediately proceeded to admit seventy-four persons as inhabi-
tants: this probably included all who had families here, or
who had applied for admission. Although this number in-
cluded parsoas of both parties, yet the new proprietors by
the measure increased their strength, which gave great offense
to the old proprietors, especially the non-residents. Their in-
dignation was more highly aroused, when in the spring of 1727,
the town voted to admit persons as inhabitants, and share in
the common land on the payment of ten pounds to the town
treasury ; under this vote, one hundred and thirty-eight per-
sons were admitted, principally in 1727 and 1728.' Although
this act highly offended the old proprietors, yet it is certainly
justifiable as a measure of policy. The town was extremely
poor, they were just recovering from a severe war, they had
plenty of land but no money in the treasury. It was their
object to sell part of their unoccupied land, and at the same
time gain an accession of inhabitants, who would give life to
the ample resources of the place. Multitudes of active and
enterprising men came here and gave proof of the wisdom of

1 The names of the persons admitted under the votes above mentioned, are

given in Appendix No. XI., and will show the ancestors of some of the present
inhabitants.

 

Congress street to include the meeting-house lot belonging to the First Parish.
The first of these lots adjoining Larrabee’s was sold by the assigns of Dr. Moody
to the Rev. Dr. Deane, in 1765, and the part between Congress and Cumberland
streets is now owned by the heirs of the late Samuel Chadwick. The next or
Major Moody lot descended to his heirs, who, in 1738, conveyed to a committee
of the First Parish a lot for the meeting-house one hundred and twenty-two feet
on the street,and one hundred and forty feet deep, which is now occupied by the
Parish : a portion still remains in the family, having been divided in 1823. The
next lot granted to the first settled minister, was exchanged by Rev. Mr. Smith
for a lot further down the street and which descended to his family. The lot
granted to the ministry of the First Parish was sold by the Parish in 1797 to
Moses Titcomb for thirteen hundred and thirty-three dollars and thirty-three
cents, and is described as the three acre lot granted by the town for the use of
the ministry, lying between land of Benjamin Titcomb on the west and the land
of the County and Moses Plummer on the east.]
332 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the plan.'! It will be perceived by recurring to the names of
those whom this act invited here, that a spring was thus given
to the increase and prosperity of the town, by the enterprise
of the new settlers. But the opposite party viewing it through
the medium of their own narrow interest, used all means to
defeat the policy. They alleged it to be an arbitrary assump-
tion of power, by which their property was disposed of without
their consent. Meetings were held on both sides, party spirit
raged with extreme violence, and particularly so in 1728. Mr.
Smith’s Journal furnishes us with a brief notice of the excite-
ment, which also indicates the position which he occupied in
the contending ranks.? He favored the old proprietors; he
was the assignee of one himself, was deeply interested in the
Munjoy title, and his brother, John Smith of Boston, was also
a large proprietor by the purchase of old claims. The degree
of excitement which prevailed, cannot be conceived of at this
day; it was carried into every transaction, a town meeting
held in May of 1728, chiefly to consider the selectmen’s ac-
counts, “after a wrangle all day,’’ as Mr. Smith observes,
“broke up in a flame as near fighting as possible.’

The old proprietors finding that they were overpowered in

1 Mr. Smith in his Journal says September, 1727, ‘people constantly flocking
down here to petition for lots.” p. 17.

? March, 1728, “The caballing party carried all before them, and got all the
officers of their party.”* April 29, “Nothing but confusion in town. The ca-
balling party broke among themselves.” May 2, he says, “This week and the
last, there has been a mighty stir and unwearied endeavors to overturn the ca-
balling crew.” He also remarks in this connection respecting some grants at

Purpooduck, “that five old improved places were given to some furious sparks,
who alone would take them.”

8 August 22, 1728, the town voted “that one hundred and fifty pounds of the
ten pound money lay in bank with the town treasurer, to be ready to defray the

charges, to stand any lawsuit against the claimers that pretend to lay claim to
lands in Falmouth.”

*The town officers chosen in March, were Benjamin Larrabee, Benjamin Ingersoll, Samuel Cobb
Samuel Proctor, and John East, selectmen and assessors, and Samuel Cobb, town clerk,
PETITION OF THE OLD PROPRIETORS. 333

the town and that their pretensions were disregarded, next ap-
pealed to the legislature for redress. In their petition they
complain that the government of the town had unjustly taken
away their possessions, and pray that their title under the
deed from Danforth of 1684, may be deemed good, and they
be restored to their rights.!. Notice to the inhabitants was
ordered, and the petition was referred to the next session.
The consideration of the subject was postponed from time to
time under an expectation that an adjustment would be made
by the parties. In December, 1729, they both petitioned that
it might be continued, as “there was a prospect of their differ-
ences being settled.” Attempts were made to adjust the con-
troversy. In November, 1729, an agreement was entered into
between the town and Samuel Moody and others, claimants
of the Munjoy estate, by which that title was confirmed to
them. In the April previous, Dominicus Jordan had been
quieted, and a contract was made with him, by which he re
leased to the town all the ancient claim of the Jordan family
to land on the north side of Fore river. Jordan now entered
heartily into the views of the new proprietors, was chosen on
the committee to resist the claims of the old proprietors before
the legislature, and in January, 1730, was selected with John
Perry, Joshua Woodbury, John Hast, and Moses Pearson, “to
hear the proposals of the ancient proprietors.” But a general
arrangement could not at that time be effected, and in March,
1730, the ancient proprietors procured a warrant from John
Gray of Biddeford, to call a meeting of the old claimants to
organize themselves into a propriety.2, Among the articles of

1 See this petition at large in Appendix XII. The petition was read in town
meeting, January 2, 1729, and the selectmen, B. Ingersoll, John East, and Sam-
uel Cobb chosen to answer it. November 14, 1729, Dominicus Jordan and
Samuel Cobb, were chosen to go to Boston to answer the petition. Danforth’s
deed of 1684, may be found in Appendix No. VIII..

2This meeting was called under a statute passed 1715, for regulating common
lands, the first on the subject. An. Charters, p. 402,
334 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the warrant, were the following: ‘to come to a regulation of
said meeting by every proprietor bringing in their claims, either
by themselves or some meet person in their room, that so each
proprietor may have a legal vote in said meeting. 4th, to
choose a committee to bring forward and defend to the Gen-
eral Court against the town of Falmouth, which is referred to
the next May session.’’!

The other party also procured a warrant from the same jus-
tice, April 27, 1730, and held a meeting on the 13th of May
following ; the principal article in their warrant was ‘to choose
a committee to consider and examine the right that any person
or person have to the common and undivided la us ;
and how much has been laid out to each proprietor to the in-
tent that each proprietor’s right or interest in said common
and undivided land may be known and stated, and to empower
said committee to consider and examine the right that any per-
son or persons have to any lands laid out to him or them pos-
sessed or claimed by him or them and report their opinion.”

The proceedings in each meeting were opposed by the ad-
verse party, and the names of dissenters were duly entered by
the clerks. The result was that a propriety was established
distinct from the town, the interests and doings of which
were conducted separately, and recorded in books kept by
their own clerk. The old proprietors had taken the advice
of John Raad, an eminent lawyer in Boston, who counseled
them to collect as full a list as possible of all the old claimants
before they raised committees to sell lands or to prosecute tres-
passers, and that then after giving ample notice, it would be
proper to sue trespassers and bring actions of ejectment against

1 The meeting was called by Edmund Mountfort, and held at the house of “B.
Ingersoll, innholder,” May 20, 1730. Ingersoll lived in what is now Exchange
street. Nathaniel Jones was chosen moderator; Thomas Westbrook, Joshua
Moody, Nathaniel Jones, John Smith, and Edmund Mountfort, the committee to
receive claims.
ACTION OF THE LEGISLATURE. 335

such as continued to withhold the possession of the common
lands.!

The committee chosen by the old proprietors to prosecute
their petition, made a renewed application to the legislature in
September, 1730, urging their attention to the subject. A
committee was immediately chosen to hear the petitioners, who
in a few days made the following report, “We are humbly of
opinion that the counterpart of the deed made by the Hon.
Thomas Danforth, President of the province of Maine, bearing
date July 28, 1684, to Capt. Edward Tyng and others in trust,
be deemed and accepted as good and valid to the persons therein
concerned, according to the true intent, purport, and meaning
thereof, and that it be received and recorded in the Secretary’s
office in Boston accordingly.” The legislature accepted the
report so far as merely to authorize the deed to be recorded
without expressing any opinion upon its validity.

This result of the petition did not settle the controversy, and
suits were commenced which had a tendency to inflame the
minds of the people still more. The sober and reflecting men
in each party at length perceived the folly of a course which
kept the town in the highest state of excitement, and retarded
its growth and prosperity. They therefore labored to effect a
compromise of the existing troubles, which was happily accom-
plished in 1732.’ By this auspicious event, the two proprieties

1 Mr. Read was chosen representative from Boston in 1730, and was the first
awyer ever sent to the house from that place,—Hutchinson, vol. ili. p. 104, See
notice of Mr. Read in Willis’s “Law and Lawyers of Maine.”

2The union took place in September, 1732; under date of September 22, Mr-
Smith says, “They finished the meeting to-day, entirely to the satisfaction of _..
everybody. The new proprietors took in the old ones by vote, and others, all
signed article of agreement. This was the happiest meeting Falmouth ever had,
Thanks to God.”

Mr. Freeman, in his extracts from Mr. Smith’s Journal, has erroneously placed
this transaction, with others, under the year 1739; he was misled by the leaves of
the journal being placed between the covers of an almanac for that year. Sev-
eral other events noticed in the same connection serve to correct the error.

The following is a copy of the agreement between the two parties referred to,
336 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

were united together, and their proceedings were ever after
conducted under the organization of May 13, 1730, in harmony.

This corporation has never formally been dissolved, although
it is believed that at this time there are no common lands re-
maining. Nathan Winslow of Westbrook, was the last clerk ;
he died in 1826, and since that time no meeting of the proprie-
tors has been held. In 1773, a committee of the proprie-

 

“Articles of agreement made this day between the ancient and new proprietors
of the common land of the town of Falmouth, in Casco Bay, as followeth to wit:
Whereas, some of said proprietors have gotten most of their lots laid out, and it
being thought by mauy persons that the land clear of ancient claims, will not
hold out to compleat to each person the grants made by said town to them,
therefore we agree that the grant of one hundred acres to each proprietor, to
wit, old and new, shall be deferred until each proprietor hath gotten the other
grants, made by said town to them laid out, provided the grantees desire the
same, and take care to get the same laid out of such as may be with conveniency
viz: anacre lot, or house lot, according to vote, a three acre lot, a ten acre lot, a
thirty acre lot and asixty acre lot, after which, the remainder of the common land
shall be divided to each proprietor, old and new, according to said town votes, to
each proprietor one hundred acresif it will hold out, and if not, by the same rule
as far as it will go toward an one hundred acres, excepting the eight hundred acres
sold to Mr. Waldo, the one hundred acres sold to Mr. Wheeler, and the two hun-
dred acres sold to Mr. Pearson, which lands are to be made good and confirmed
to the persons aforesaid ; and the money which said lands were sold for, shall be
improved for the use of the prorietors aforesaid, all but what has been expended.
And whereas the proprietors aforesaid petitioned the General Court for an addi-
tion of lands to said town, and in case said petition be granted, the lands shall be
divided as the lands aforesaid to old and new proprietors, agreeable to ye votes of
said town and propriety. And whereas, there have been meetings held in the town
by different parties to the great detriment of the public good of said town, and to
put a final end to those unhappy disputes, we consent and agree to combine and
corporate into one body, and do allow and confirm the propriety which was set-
tled the 13th of May, 1730, provided there be no votes in said propriety but that
each proprietor, viz., old and new, shall have an equal share of said common land,
and that it be divided according to the rules aforesaid, and that the persons here-
after mentioned be returned in said propriety as soon as can be with conveniency,
that they may forthwith have their lands laid out if they see cause ; and it is far-
ther agreed that all persons that, have their land laid out on ancient property shall
remove and take lotsin the common and undivided lands in said township ; to all
above written we agree as witness our hands, dated in Falmouth, September 4,
1732.”
GRANTS TO PROPRIETORS. 337

tors, consisting of Enoch Freeman, Stephen Longfellow, and
Theophilus Bradbury, reported that the number of proprictors
admitted, to that period, was two hundred and seven, to whom
had been laidout . . . . 27,975 1-2 acres, 28 1-2 rods
Laid out to the signers of the Union, 141 3-4
«104 acre men,. . 1,501
persons not proprietors, 1,594 3-4
“ «for services and sold, 3,278 1-2 56

ce oe

 

34,492 1-2 acres, 84 1-2 rods.

After this report, several persons were admitted proprietors,
and grants were made to them as vacant lots were found. In
1784, many grants were made of flats on Fore river. In 1806,
a meeting was held to see, among other things, what the propri-
etors would do with the undivided land. A very few persons,
among whom was the clerk, Mr. Winslow, took any interest in
the management of the concerns during the latter days, and
now that he is no more, it seems to have entirely closed its
operations. His place as clerk has never been supplied. The
Proprietors Books of Records, contained in three bound vol-
umes and three small paper books, being in my hands, I
deposited them for safe keeping and future use, in the office of
the Register of Deeds, Cumberland County, in the year 1848.
CHAPTER XIII.

CHARACTER OF THE FIRST SETTLERS~SAMUEL MoopY—BENJAMIN LARRABEE—SAMUFL Copp—SaMveEL
Proctor—INcrEASE OF PoPULATION—FERRY¥—INDIAN WAR oF 1722—PeacE—ACCESSIONS TO THE
PoPuLATion, Rié@s, SAWYER, WESTBROOK, Etc.-— ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS—MEETING-HOUSE BUILT

=—Mr SMITH SETTLED.

The persons who revived the settlement of Falmouth, came
from different parts of the country ; they were actuated by no
common principle, and held together by no common bond, ex-
cept that of self-preservation. It was a frontier post and a few
persons who were able to live in more secure places, or unless
moved by an uncommon spirit of enterprise, would venture
their persons and property in so exposed a situation. The first
sattlers were consequently poor; many of them were soldiers,
“the cankers of a calm world,” whom the peace of 1718, had
thrown upon society, and who found a resting-place here. Mr.
Smith, in his Journal, describes them with a very free pen, he
says, “they had found wives on the place, and mere mean an-
imals; and I have been credibly informed,” he adds, “that the
men they engaged to come to them, were as bad as themselves,
having a design of building up the town with any that came
and offered ; but the war coming on, purged the place of many
of them.”' Some allowance must be made for the prejudice
of Mr. Smith against the early settlers who thronged here to
the exclusion of the ancient proprietors, whose cause he seems
to have warmly espoused.

1 He refers to the war of 1722.
CHARACTER OF FIRST SETTLERS. 839

At this distance of time, we cannot separate this reproba-
ted class from those who are known to have been more respec-
table: Mr. Smith has prudently left their names to rest in
obscurity. Among the earliest of the new settlers were men
of standing and worth, whose posterity continue to reside here
and in other parts of the state. These were Samuel Moody,
Benjamin Larrabee, and James Mills, who came in 1716, and
Samuel Cobb, who cama in 1717. Major Samuel Moody may
justly be called the leader of the little colony; he was son of
the Rev. Joshua Moody, a celebrated preacher in Portsmouth,
N. H., who died in 1697, and grandson of William Moody, one
of the first settlers in Newbury, who came from England with
his three sons, Samuel, Joshua, and Caleb, about 1634. Major
Moody graduated at Harvard College in 1689, and was for sev-
eral years preacher at Newcastle, in New Hampshire, previous
to 1704. In 1695, he married Esther, daughter of Nathaniel
Green of Boston, by whom he had two sons, Joshua, and
Dr. Samuel, active inhabitants of the town, and one daugh-
ter, Mary, married to Edmund Mountfort. In 1705, Major
Moody had the command of forty men, stationed at St. John’s
Fort in Newfoundland ; in 1709, he commanded the fort at
Casco. While in this situation he had a correspondence with
Father Ralle, the French missionary at Norridgewock, and he
became the organ of communication in several instances dur-
ing the war between the Indians and our government. After
the fort was dismantled, having had opportunities to become
acquainted with the favorable localities of Falmouth, he con-
cluded to fix his residence upon the Neck, to which he moved
his family in 1716. His son Joshua graduated at Harvard
College the same year, and his second son was then pursuing
his studies at that institution. The acquisition of this respec-
table family was of great importance to the prosperity of the
infant settlement. It gave strength to its hopes, and afforded
encouragement to others to select this as their place of resi-
dence. The confidence reposed in him by his townsmen and
340 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

he government, may be inferred from the fact, that he was

chosen one of the selectmen several years, and placed in other

responsible offices in town; he was also appointed by the gov- .
ernment, justice of the peace, at a time when that was truly a

mark of distinction, bestowed as such, and not for a fee, and

one of the justices of the court of common pleas for the county ;

this office he held at the time of his death, which took place

April 5, 1729, in the fifty-second year of his age.'

Benjamin Larrabee, the companion of Major Moody, and the
second in command at the fort, was born in 1666. His father,
Isaac, was one of the early settlers of North Yarmouth, who,
with others of the name, having been driven by the war of 1688
from that place, removed to Lynn. Some of the family returned
and occupied their former possessions, where their posterity
still remain. Capt. Larrabee married Deborah, born 1668,
the daughter of John Ingersoll, one of our ancient settlers,
who had a large claim here, which circumstance probably in-
duced Larrabee to established himself in this place. He died
in 1783, aged sixty-seven. His son Benjamin, born in 1700,
was for many years an active and useful citizen, and left a
numerous family, whose descendants still live among us ;? he
also had a daughter, Elizabeth, who married Joshua Crom-
well, a settler here, but died in April, 1725.

Samuel Cobb, another of our early settlers, came from Mid-
dleborough, in Plymouth colony in 1717, with his family. He
was son of Jonathan and Hope Cobb, and born in Barnstable,
April 6, 1686. He was a ship-carpenter, and was for many
years an active and influential man in the affairs of the town,
having sustained the offices of clerk, treasurer, and selectman.

1 This is the record of his age, on his gravestone, but is evidently a mistake,
as it would make him a graduate at twelve, and a married man at eighteen.

? Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the second Benjamin Larrabee, was born 1732,

and died in 1827, aged ninety-five, widow of John Webb. Abigail, another
daughter, never married, was born in 1747, and was living in1832. Their father
died in 1784,
CHARACTER OF EARLY SETTLERS. 341

He died in 1765, having had five sons, and two daughters, viz:
Chipman, Ebenezer, Samuel, Peter, James,' Hope, married to
Benjamin Winslow in 1738, and Hannah, married to John
Swett in 1736, and to Zerubabel Hunnewell in 1754.

These were some of the earliest settlers, to whom.were soon
added Samuel Proctor of Lynn, a son of the unfortunate
victim of the Salem tragedy in 1692. John Pritchard from
Boston, and Nathaniel Winslow from Plymouth colony, and
numerous other respectable adventurers, whose posterity now
adorn the places which their fathers subdued.

Twenty families had already gathered upon the Neck as early
as July, 1718. After the government of the town was estab-
lished, other settlers flocked in, and we find in February, 1720,
grants were made to thirty-nine persons, the names of twenty-
seven of whom do not previously appear.2 The condition of
these grants was, “‘that those who had not brought forward a
settlement already, should do it upon their sixty acre lots with-
in twelve months, and on their house lots within six months.”
Some of these persons never settled here, as Mackey, Langdon,
Burroughs, and Biard; the others or most of them became
residents. Accessions were continually making to the popula-
tion, and those who were deemed suitable, were regularly ad-
mitted inhabitants by vote of the town, and grants of land
made to them.

Travelers from the westward who came to the Neck by land,
were obliged to travel on the old shore route, crossing all the

1 Peter was born in Falmouth, 1720, and James in 1723. Chipman settled in
Gorham ; his grandson Benjamin having had twenty-one children by two wives,
died in Gray, 1861, aged ninety-one.

2The names of these twenty-seven are William Mackey, Joseph Langdon, Ed-
mund Clark, Ebenezer Gustin, (son of John,) William Roberts, Andrew Biard,
John Sawyer, Robert Burnells, Richard Richardson, Isaac Hvar, (son-in-law of
Richardson,) Edward Hales, William Trumbull, Abraham Ayres, Samuel Buck-
nam, George Burroughs, Daniel Ingersoll, Richard Jones, Ebenezer and Jona-
than Cobb, (brothers of Samuel,) Peter Walton, Simon Lovitt, Richard Babston,
Benjamin York, Adam Mariner, William Seavey, John Oliver, and John East.
342 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

rivers near their mouths by ferries. It became important to
place the ferry over Fore river under suitable regulation. In
May, 1719, the town granted “the privilege of keeping the
ferry over Old Casco river unto Mr. John Pritchard, for seven
years next ensuing, upon consideration that he keeps a suffi-
cient boat, and makes good ways down to low-water-mark, for
the convenience of passengers landing. All to be done at said
Pritchard’s own charge, he attending to said ferry as the law
directs.”! It was added, that “by reason of the difficulty of
calling over the river, the privilege of the ferry on Purpooduck
side should be given to John Sawyer, he keeping a good canoe
for the accommodation of passengers.” The ferry landing on
the Neck was at the point on the east side of Clay Cove, near
Pritchard’s house, on Purpooduck shore, it was near its present
location. At the end of Pritchard’s term, the privilege was
granted to Benjamin Wright with the further condition that
he should carry passengers to meeting free. In’1729, the se-
lectmen and the principal inhabitants of the town, joined in a
petition “to our Superior Court of Common Pleas, now sitting
in York,” praying that the privilege might be granted to John
Phinney, and also that he might be licensed to retail liquors.’

1 Pritchard came from Boston, in which place he had three children born by
his wife Sally, viz: Eleanor, March 12, 1712, Joseph, March 14, 1714, Benjamin,

May 21,1716, and in Falmouth, Samuel, January 8,1719, Paul, Septemher 5,
1721.

2They set forth their reasons as follows: ‘‘Whereas the town of Falmouth
pursuant to the directions of this Honorable Court, did order and vote that the
ferry over the Fore river should be kept at the point commonly called the Ferry
Point, on the eastwardly side of the cove called Clay Cove, that being a place far
more suitable and convenient for that business than any other place in the whole
town, which place is now in the possession of one Mr. John Phinney, who has
for some time past been at a considerable charge in keeping said ferry, purely
to oblige such who requested that favor of him; and we are humbly of opinion
that he is a man very suitable and capable to manage such business, and also
aman of very just and sober conversation: we therefore very humbly pray this
Honorable Court to confer the favor of keeping this ferry on said Phinney, for
the same term of time that the town hath fixed it in that place. and we further
presume to intreat this Honorable Court to permit the said Phinney to supply
NEW INDIAN TROUBLES. 343

The ferry continued in that place until near the revolutionary
war, when it was removed further west, not far from its pres-
ent location. But long before this, the travel had changed its
direction, and the principal western route entered the Neck
over Bramhall’s hill, crossing Long Creek and Fore river at
Stroudwater, by bridges.!

The people had hardly become settled in their new habita-
tions, before they were destined to encounter new troubles and
difficulties from the Indians. The peace of 1713 was of short
duration. The French, whose missionaries were ever active
among the children of the forest, observed with alarm that the
English were pushing their settlements into the midst of these
dark recesses and trenching rapidly upon the territory over
which the natives had been accustomed to pursue their game.
They foresaw in this progress of English enterprise the downfall
of French power on the continent. To avert this result the
Governor of Canada employed the influence of Fathers Ralle
and La Chasse to arouse the Indians from that repose into
which they seemed inclined to settle and to stimulate them to
jealousy and revenge. This is a serious charge against a civi-
lized nation, but the evidence furnished by private letters from
Vaudrieul the Governor of Canada and his agents, which fell
into the hands of the English by the fortune of war, notwith-
standing the different representations which Charlevoix and

1 The river was anciently forded by travelers on horse-back above where the
Stroudwater bridge now is: a bridge there was erected previous to 1738. Stroud-
water is a village about three miles from the Neck; it derives its name from
Stroud, a village in Gloucestershire, England, situated on the river Frome, which
at that place is called Stroudwater. Some of the settlers here, may have come
from that place, perhaps Col. Westbrook himself, who lived there and whose
name was very properly given to that part of ancient Falmouth, in the division
of the town.

 

such as are in want with liquors till your next sessions, which favor, if granted,
will lay under the greatest and most indispensable obligations of duty and thank-
fulness to this Hon. House, your very humble petitioners and servants.”
344 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

other French writers give of these events, leave no doubt
upon the subject.'

In 1717, at a conference held by Governor Shute with the
Indians at Arrowsic Island, they distinctly stated their objec-
tions to the English settlements being extended beyond certain
mills which were then erected on the Kennebec, and to the
construction of forts, established for the security of the inhabi-
tants. At that meeting however, the treaty of 1713 was con-
firmed and the existing difficulties were apparently removed ;
perhaps they really were so in the minds of the Indians them-
selves. But not so with the French; the cause of alarm
remained, and they consequently continued their exertions to
animate their savage neighbors to a course of conduct which
brought upon them severe sufferings and the loss of many lives.
The treaties of 1713 and 1717 are given at large in Maine His-
torical Collections, vol. vi. pp 250,260. In 1719, they re-
newed their claims for the removal of the English from
their lands, but a small force on the frontiers prevented an
open violation of the treaty. In 1720, they were persuaded
by the French to commit depredations, and parties from the
Norridgewock and Penobscot tribes killed some cattle and
threatened the lives of the English. The Nova Scotia In-
dians proceeded to further extremities; they surprised the Eng-
lish at Canseau, robbed them of every thing and killed three
or four persons. Further hostilities at this time were prevented
by Col Walton of New Hampshire, who was detached with
a forcs of two hundred m2n to guard the frontiers? In
August, 1721, a party of two hundred Indians, accompanied
by their spiritual leaders, Ralle and La Chasse, under French

1 Hutchinson, vol. ii. pp. 198, 237. Doug. vol. i. p. 199.

2The government afterward sent Col. Walton, Major Moody, Captains Harmon,
Penhallow, and Wainwright, to demand satisfaction of the Chiefs for these out-
rages. Patrick Rogers, in 1773, testified that he lived at Georgetown in 1720 or
1721, and at that time there was not one house that he knew of between George-
town and Annapolis, except one at Damariscove.
NEW INDIAN TROUBLES. 345

colors and armed, went to Arrowsic and held a “talk” with
Capt. Penhallow who commanded the fort there. This ended
without satisfaction to either party ; the Indians being entirely
under the influence of their priests, were permitted to do
nothing which would infringe upon French power or influence.
They left a letter for the Governor in which they uttered seri-
ous complaints against the English for unjustly invading their
property, depriving them of the country which God had given
them, and threatening if they did not remove from their lands
in three weeks, they would kill them, burn their houses, and
destroy their cattle. The English endeavored to obtain a con-
ference, but were unable to effect it without the presence
of the missionaries. The Indians were accompanied by M.
Crozier from Canada, and a son of the Baron de St. Castin.
The government, irritated by the conduct of the French, de-
termined to attempt the removal of what they apprehended to
be the cause of all the trouble. For that purpose a force of
three hundred men was raised in 1721, and sent to Norridge-
wock under Col. Thomas Westbrook, with orders to seize Father
Ralle and bring him to Boston. No other success attended
this expedition than the seizure of the private papers of the
Jesuit, among which was his correspondence with the Governor
of Canada, which developed the secret machinations of the
French to influence and send upon our defenseless frontiers a
barbarous foe.!

This invasion of their headquarters exasperated the enemy
in an unusual degree, and although the government, perceiving
by the ill success of the expedition that they had made a false
step, endeavored by presents to conciliate the chiefs, their ven-
geance was visited in the following season upon the unoffend- .
ing inhabitants of ‘the frontiers. In June, 1722, a party of
sixty men in twenty canoes, captured nine families in Merry-

1 The Jesuits “strong box” which contained these papers is now in possession
of the Maine Historical Society.

23
346 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

meeting Bay, and committed depredations.on the coast east of
the Kennebec, which was soon followed by the destruction of
Brunswick.' Immoadiately after information of this latter event
reached Boston, the Governor and council made a formal dec-
laration of war.2 Col. Walton of New Hampshire was the
commanding officer of the forces on this coast, with whom
Major Moody of this town was associated as second in com-
mand. But disputes having arisen between Governor Shute
and the House of Representatives, the unhappy consequences
were felt even in the management of the military service.
Complaints were preferred against Walton and Moody; they
were summoned by the House to answer before it, and the
Governor was desired to dismiss them from the service. The
Governor contended that it was his prerogative as captain gen-
eral of the province, to appoint military officers, and superin-
tend and control the military operations, and denied their right
to interfere in it. They, on the other hand, threatened to
withhold the resources. for carrying on the war. In this diffi-
culty, a sort of compromise was made by which’ the two prin-
cipal officers were ordered to Boston, where they underwent an
examination before the House; and finally after the departure
of Governor Shute from the province, were dismissed from the
service without any sufficient reason having been assigned for
it, and Col. Thomas Westbrook of Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire, appointed to the chief command.? The principal ground

1 September, they followed up their successes by attacking Georgetown; they
were not able to take the fort, but they killed fifty head of cattle and burnt
twenty-six dwelling-houses.— Hutchinson, vol. ii. p. 268.—Penhallow. In 1722,
thirty men were stationed at Falmouth, and twenty at North Yarmouth—/Villiam-
gon, vol. ii. p. 118.

2July 25, 1722.

3 A committee of the House, in 1722, had reported that there was great laxity
of discipline among the troops, that they were guilty of intemperance, and the
officers were remiss in their duty,—they say, “We walked through the town of
Falmouth twice in one night without being hailed, though there were several
military companies in the place.” In December, 1722, Major Moody petitioned
REMOVAL OF MILITARY OFFICERS. 347

of the opposition in the House to these officers, seems to have
been that they were disposed to follow the instructions of the
Governor rather than a branch of the legislature ; the com-
plaints in fact proceeded from political and not personal con-
siderations. The Governor was so much disgusted with the
opposition he met with in the province, that he secretly ob-
tained leave to return home, and left the country in January,
1723. The administration and the conduct of the war de-
volved upon William Dummer, the Lt. Governor. Hence this
war has been generally called Dummer’s war.

The Lieut. Governor, after some opposition, in consideration
of the exposed state of the country, having gratified the House
by the removal of Walton and Moody from command, the war
from that time was carried on with spirit; premiums were voted
for scalps and prisoners,' and money raised for the enlistment
and support of troops. In January, 1723, soldiers were sta-
tioned in Falmouth as follows: on the Neck twenty-four men
in three garrisons, viz., at Major Moody’s, Ingersoll’s, and
Wass’s; in Purpooduck, at Sawyer’s, and York’s, four men
and a corporal; “at Spurwink, at Mr. Jordan’s, where a ferry

1 One hundred pounds for each scalp was voted to volunteers, and sixty pounds
to regular soldiers.

 

for liberty to answer before the General Court the complaints made against him,
and warrants were issued to summon witnesses, ‘touching the management of
Major Moody and his company.” In the council, the following questions were
put to the members and the subjoined answers given: ‘Whether the complaints
against Major Moody for indulging his soldiers in excessive drinking be proved?
Ans. No. Whether he denied assistance to the inhabitants unreasonably when
demanded? No, Whether it was proved that the watch was not duly kept at
his garrison in the night season, and that at some seasons when he was at home?
Yes. Whether it was proved that Major Moody unreasonably drew off his men
from Topsham? No.” The council voted that the Governor reprimand him
about the watch, and request him to be more careful. In the House, the above
questions were answered in the affirmative except the last; and this additional
one also received an affirmative reply. ‘Whether he unreasonably denied Lieut.
Hilton the whale boats to go in quest of the Indians?”
348 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

is kept, three men under the care of a corporal.” At Black
Point, nine men and to be recruited. In September following,
the garrisons at Purpooduck and Spurwink were increased, the
former to twelve and the latter to nine men, these were placed
under the command of Lieut. Dominicus Jordan. In February
an expedition was sent to Penobscot under Col. Westbrook,
and another to Norridgewock under Capt. Harmon, but both
were unsuccessful. The enemy remained in their retreats un-
til the weather became suitable to open the campaign, when
they divided into small parties and harrassed the whole line of
frontier settlements. In April, they took eight persons in Scar-
borough and Falmouth, and killed some, among whom was
Sergeant Chubb, of the Scarborough garrison. They passed
westward and committed depredations in Berwick, Wells, and
York. In June they attacked Roger Dearing’s garrison-house
in Scarborough, killed his wife, Thomas Larrabee and his son,
and took three of his children, and Mary Scammon, John Hun-
newell, and Robert Jordan, prisoners. No further injuries
were done in this neighborhood during the remainder of the
season ; but on the opening of spring in 1724, the enemy were
again found renewing their desultory attacks. In May they
killed one man and wounded another at Purpooduck. In July
they mortally wounded Solomon Jordan, as he was going out
of the garrison at Spurwink; the next day Lieut. Joseph Bean
with a file of soldiers, went in pursuit of the enemy and over-
took a party consisting of thirty men. These he attacked and
having killed one of their leaders, the rest fled, leaving behind
twenty-five packs, twelve blankets, a gun, and several other
articles. The scalp of the slain Indian was carried to Boston,
for which Bean and his company received one hundred pounds.
The early part of the campaign had been unfortunate to the
English ; numerous parties of the Indians were scattered over
the country plundering and murdering the inhabitants and
eluding all pursuit. The government, discouraged by the ill
success which attended their efforts to check the progress of
DEATH OF FATHER RALLE. 349

this marauder warfare, determined to beard the lion in his den.
For this purpose they fitted out an expedition in August of four
companies, consisting of two hundred and eight men, com-
manded by Captains Harmon, Moulton, Brown, and Bean, to
proceed to Norridgewock, the headquarters of this warlike
tribe. The undertaking was crowned with complete success ;
on the 23d of August they surprised and entirely destroyed
the settlement, consisting of the Catholic chapel, the cottages
which were spread around it, together with all their canoes.
The number of the enemy killed and drowned in the attack
was about eighty, among whom was Father Ralle, who, as he
was considered the principal cause of the cruel visits of his
flock, was regarded as the greatest trophy of the war.!

This achievement was celebrated throughout New England
as the greatest performed since Philip’s war, and it was no less

! Father Ralle had lived among these people over thirty years, having first
arrived from France at Quebec, in October 1689, during which period he had
been unremitted in his exertions to convert the natives to the Catholic faith. A
few years before the time of which we aré speaking, he procured a chapel to be
built at Norridgewock, the seat of a numerous tribe, in which he had placed a
bell. His influence was very extensive, and deserved, not less for his zeal and
entire devotion to their service, than for his learning and talents. He was mas-
ter of the learned languages and wrote the latin with classical purity. He taught
many of his converts to write and corresponded with them in their own lan-
guage; he said “he knew all the languages in this vast desert.” The French
writers place him among the saints, while his English cotemporaries give him
a place the very opposite. He died in the sixty-seventh year of his age. The
dictionary of the Abenaquis language which he prepared is preserved in the
library of Harvard College.

It was published in the Memoirs of the American Academy at Boston, in
1833, under the supervision of the learned philologist, John Pickering, LL. D.
The M. 8. dictionary is a small quarto in Father Ralle’s own handwriting. The
following note is written over the first leaf. “1691. It is now a year that Ihave
been among the savages, and I begin to set down in order, in the form of a dic-
tionary, the words I learn.’—See Maine Historical Collection, vol. 4. p. 495. I
have in my possession the Catholics Vade Mecum, called Medulla Theologiac,
for resolving cases of conscience, which belonged to Ralle and was taken in this -

expedition.
350 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

distinguished in its consequences as breaking the power of a
tribe which had exercised a commanding influence over Indian
counsels, and over the fate of our settlements.!

The next and last considerable engagement in this war took
place at Pequakett, now Fryeburg, in May, 1725, by a party of
thirty-four volunteers, under Captain Lovell. The company un-
fortunately fell into an ambush and many were destroyed ; but.
they rendered so good an account of their lives as to check all
further depredations from that quarter during the war. Pau-
gus, their cruel chief, and a number of his companions were
‘slain. The English after sustaining themselves until the close
of the day, against more than double their number, were left
in possession of the field ; they lost ten killed and six mortally
wounded, among whom were Captain Lovell, Lieut. Farwell,
and Ensign Robbins: eight only returned home.?

Soon after this unfortunate affair, the government under-
standing that the Penobscot Indians were desirous of peace,
sent commissioners to St. George to meet the head men of
that tribe. A conference was held there, which resulted in a
cessation of hostilities, and proposals for a peace to be entered
into at Boston. A delegation of the tribe soon after proceed-
ed to Boston, and a treaty was executed December 15, 1725.
By one of the articles, it was agreed that the treaty should
be ratified at Falmouth, in the following May, by all the east-

TA detailed account of the expedition may be found in Hutchinson, vol. ii. p.
279, and Penhallow, p. 108.

? Rev. Mr. Symmes of Bradford, published an account of this unfortunate af-
fair at the time. See also Belknap N. H. This event was commemorated at
Fryeburg, in May, 1825, by a large collection of people from different parts of
the state; the late Gov. Lincoln delivered a poem and Charles S. Davies, Esq., of
this town, an oration on the occasion; the latter was soon after published. A
procession moved to the scene of action on the margin of a pond, where appro-
priate remarks were made by Col. Bradley of Fryeburg, a public diuner and a
ball in the evening lent their attractions to the day.

Two of our inhabitants, Matthew and William Scales, who had moved to North
Yarmouth, were killed there in April, this year, in an attack on the garrison,
RATIFICATION OF PEACE. 351

ern tribes. The time of the ratification was subsequently
postponed to the 20th of June, and again to July, at which
time Lt. Gov. Dummer, with a majority of the council, and a
number of the representatives, together with Lt. Gov. John
Wentworth of New Hampshire, accompanied by a committee
of the council and house of that state, and Paul Mascarene,
delegated by the Governor of Nova Scotia, proceeded to Fal-
mouth. The Indians did not arrive until July 29th, when
forty of the Penobscot tribe came in, and in the afternoon of
that day the conference commenced. Several days were spent
in negotiations, which were closed on the 4th of August, and
on the 5th, the peace was publicly ratified in the meeting-house.
A public dinner, furnished by government, was given at the
commencement, and another at the close of the negotiations ;
the commissioners of Massachusetts and the Indians remained
here a week after the ratification in interpreting the treaty and
“fully settling some other matters,” when the latter were trans-
ported by government to St. George, and the commissioners
sailed for Boston.!. Tbe Penobscots on this occasion acted for
the Wawenocks, the Arreguntonocks, and the St. Francois.
Penhallow, an accurate observer, says, “in these conferences
the discretion and prudence of the savages was discernable.”
One instance of their prudence and sagacity, deserves to be
noticed. ‘One of the first things,” says Penhallow, “that the
Indians desired of our governors, was, that they would give
order that the vessels in the harbor, as well as the taverns
ashore, might be restrained from selling any liquors to their
young men.’? The Governor approved of this precaution, and
gave the order accordingly. When the first day of the con-
ference, which was Saturday, was over, the Governor said to
them, “To-morrow is the Lord’s day, on which we do no busi-
ness.” Lorou, their speaker answered, “To-morrow is our
Sabbath, we also keep the day.”

1Mr. Smith’s Journal.
352 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In 1727, the tribes which had not been represented at the
conference of the former year, notified the government of Mas-
sachusetts of their desire to make a public confirmation of the
peace. To this the Governor assented, and informed them
that he would meet them at Falmouth, in July, for that pur-
pose. Accordingly with a delegation from New Hampshire
and Massachusetts, he met the tribes of Arreguntonocks,
Wawenocks, Norridgewocks, and Penobscots in the place, when
the articles of the peace were publicly and solemnly confirmed
by the respective parties. There were over two hundred In-
dians present, and more than forty gentlemen in the delega-
tion from the two provinces. The conferences were held in a
spacious tent on Munjoy’s hill, where, on the close of the nego-
ciations, a public dinner was provided at the expense of gov-
ernment, of which both parties partook. Mr. Smith, in his
Journal, says the Indians appeared “with French colors, and
made a great show.” This was the largest collection of peo-
ple that had ever assembled in town, and the inhabitants were
ill prepared in provisions and accommodations for so large
an addition to their numbers; on their departure, Mr. Smith
adds, “they left us quite bare and nothing of the country’s
produce left, only three bushels of corn and some small
things.”

This was considered a judicious treaty, and a long peace
succeeded it, which was partly owing no doubt to the inroad
which the war had made upon savage strength.' Falmouth
suffered less in this war than any which preceded it. It was
the headquarters of the troops, and was thus secured from any
direct attack. Its growth and prosperity were however entirely
ehecked during its continuance, and its population was ren-
dered more unsteady and degraded. The army had received
supplies of men from among our inhabitants, and returned them,

1 Hutchinson, vol. ii. p. 287. The ratification may be found in New Hampshire

Hist. Col., vol. ii. p. 260. It is said that the Indians lost at least one-third of
their effective force in this war,
PERSONS ADMITTED PROPRIETORS. 353

and brought others, by no means improved by the service.!

The town which had been depressed during the war, imme-
diately revived on-the conclusion of peace. In the three years
following, the number of persons who were admitted proprie-
tors, was about one hundred and forty, among whom are found
the ancestors of many of our present inhabitants.

In the autumn of 1725, Jeremiah Riggs and John Sawyer
came here from Cape Ann with their families: they became
useful inhabitants, and are the ancestors of a numerous race,
who continue to reside among us.2 Sawyer settled at Purpoo-
duck.? Riggs lived first upon the Neck, but about 1735, he
moved to Capisic on to the old John Ingersoll farm, where he
pursued his trade, which was that of atanner. He was great-
grandson of Thomas Riggs, an inhabitant of Gloucester from
1658 to his death, and son of John Riggs and Ruth Wheeler,
who had eleven children.

1 Falmouth furnished over sixty men for the army. The expense of the war
to Massachusetts and New Hampshire, was estimated at two hundred and forty-
five thousand pounds, most of which was borne by Massachusetts.

2Mr. Smith says of them “they were both good sort of men, errors excepted.”

3 The three Sawyers, Isaac, John, and Jacob, who early came to this town
from Gloucester, were brothers, sons of James Sawyer, a weaver, and Sarah,
daughter of Thomas Bray. His, James’s, father, was probably William, the first
immigrant of the name to New England, about 1640. Isaac was born in 1684,
Jacob, in 1687, and John it is thought earlier. John married Rebecca 8 tandford
in 1701, and had several children born in Gloucester. By wife Sarah, he had
four children born in Falmouth, 1726 to 1735, viz., John, Sarah, Mary, and Re-
becca. Isaac was married to Martha, in 1706, by whom he had several children.
Jacob married Sarah Wallis in 1716, and had five children born in Gloucester
before 1726, and two in Falmouth, viz., Jeremiah born May 14, 1728, and Wm.,
April 12, 1735.—Babson’s Gloucester; Falmouth Records,

4 He left four sons, Wheeler, Jeremiah, Joseph, and Stephen. John Jones,
Esq. of Westbrook, married one of his granddaughters, and lives upon the same
farm. It appears by a vote relating to the ferry in May, 1719, that a John Saw-
yer lived then at Purpooduck—the privilege of the ferry having been granted to
him. The first Sawyer who came to this country, was William, who arrived in
Salem about 1640, from England; from that place he went to Newbury; he was
a baptist ; he had a son William, born in Newbury, 1655.
854 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In 1726, several other persons moved here from Cape Ann,
among whom were Thomas Haskell, and John and William
White; the Whites were descendants of an ancient settler,
and occupied the old possessions at Purpooduck. Haskell is
the ancestor of the persons bearing that name now here, and
was thirty-seven years old when he came; in August, 1726, he
bought a house lot on the corner of India and Fore streets,
where he lived. He was selectman in 1731, and for several
years one of the committee of the proprietors for laying out
lands.! Isaac Savage and Joseph Pride, the first emigrants of
the name, also came this year with their families.

In 1727, the number of emigrants considerably increased, and
some of them were men of property and character. Among
these was Joshua Woodbury, the first of the name who settled
here; he established himself at Purpooduck, where some of his
descendants still live; others are among the enterprising inhabi-
tants of this town.’ ight persons, some of them having families,
settled this year at Pond Cove, in Cape Elizabeth, where they
built a garrison for their defense, and agreed to support each
other in peace or war. Some who in that day filled a large
space in the annals of the town, have left no living memorial °
to perpetuate their memory. Of these was Col. Thomas West-
brook, who had been commander of the forces in the late war ;
he came from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1727, and was
admitted a proprietor on the payment of ten pounds. He was
a very active and useful man, became a large proprietor of land,
built mills, employed many men, and by his activity and capi-
tal, essentially promoted the prosperity of the town. He fixed
his residence at Stroudwater, in the neighborhood of which his

‘Thomas Haskell died in 1785, aged ninety-seven, he had ten children, sev-
enty-nine grandchildren, and fifty-eight great-grandchildren. Thomas Haskell
was connected with the Riggs family. His parents were Benjamin Haskell and
Mary, daughter of Thomas Riggs of Gloucester.— Babson’s Gloucester.

2 Mr. Smith says he “built a handsome house ‘and barn, and was a man of
great substance.”
PERSONS ADMITTED PROPRIETORS. 855

estates were situated. Unfortunately he entered into large
speculations in eastern lands with General Waldo and others,
by which he was eventually ruined. In 1743, Waldo recov-
ered judgment against him for ten thousand five hundred
pounds, which he levied upon his property, and swept it nearly
-allaway. He died in February, 1744; the fragments of his
-estate sold at auction in 1759, by Enoch Freeman, his admin-
trator, amounted to six thousand four hundred and six pounds
seventeen shillings and nine pence, O. T., equal to cight hun-
dred and fifty pounds lawful money.!
Edward Shove was the same year admitted an inhabitant ;
he came from Dighton, Mass., was the son of the Rev. George

1 He first lived on the hill which you ascend after crossing Stroudwater bridge ;
he subseqnently built a house on the other side of Stroudwater river, near where
there is now atanyard. In July, 1727, Mr Smith mentions that the Governor
and his suite went up to the Colonel’s to dinner.

A Thomas Westbrook, of Portsmouth, was appointed counselor of New Hamp-
shire in 1716, and died in 1736. This was probably the father of our Colonel
Westbrook. The Col. had the confidence of government, and received impor-
tant military commands during the Indian wars, and afterward was its agent in
securing and procuring masts for the royal navy. His speculations in land in
this region began as early as 1719, when he purchased part of the Waldo patent;
in 1728, Waldo conveyed to him sundry tracts of land in Falmouth, and imme-
diately after he moved to this town. He built a house at Stroudwater, which in
conformity to aristocratic usage in England, he named “Harrow House,” and
probably gave the name to Stroudwater, from a village of the same name on
the river Frome, in England. His wife’s name was Mary Sherburne, daughter
of John Sherburne} he left no son; his daughter Elizabeth, married Richard
Waldron of Portsmouth, long Secretary of New Hampshire, a grandson of Major
Richard Waldron who was cruelly killed by the Indians at Dover, in 1689. His
widow died in Portsmouth in 1748, aged seventy-five. Major Waldron of the
U.S. army was her grandson. The town in which he lived justly perpetuates
his name, and is the only m2morial of him which remains among us.

Tannex fac-similes of the signatures of these large lind proprietors.

Meo Wak a ale

 
306 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Shove, minister of Taunton, and was born in October, 1680;
he had a house lot granted him at the foot of Center street,
where he lived. He had a family of nine children, all born
before he came here, but none of them remained.'

In the latter part of 1726, Mr. Smith says, “I reckoned up
the families in town, and found there were sixty-four, account-
ing a man and his wife a family. There are likewise thirteen
or fourteen young men marriageable, that have land in town
and are inhabitants; and above thirty-eight fighting men.’”?
From this statement we estimate the population of the whole
town at about four hundred, at the close of 1726.

It became an object of immediate attention after the estab-
lishment of a government in town, to provide for the regular
exercise of religion. On the 28th of May, 1719, the town ap-
pointed Major Moody to look out for a suitable minister, and
voted to be at the charge of his transportation. In the follow-
ing August they voted fifty-five pounds for the support of the
minister the ensuing year, in addition to the sum he might
receive from the strangers’ contribution.’ The principal sum
was to be raised by subscription; in September it was voted
that if the subscriptions were not sufficient to satisfy the min-
ister, they would make it up to one pound five shillings a week
by a rate; this would be equal to an allowance of sixty-five

1““September 18. The town admitted five persons into the town. Among oth-
ers, the town thought their wisdom to admit a number of gentlemen that stand
their friends, viz: Mr. Shove, Capt. Walton, Mr. Powell, and Lewis. Some of
them the town admitted are substantial men.”—Simith’s Journal, p.17. These
admissions were made by the new proprietors to strengthen their party. Seven
persons were admitted in May, and twenty-three in August previous, under the
ten pound vote.

2Smith’s Journal, p. 51, 2d Ed.

3It was then the practice and continued to be for many years to send round a
box every Sabbath to collect a contribution from strangers; the money was gen-
erally appropriated toward supporting the minister. This practice continued in
the First Parish until 1801, when five pounds a year was allowed Dr. Deane, in-
stead of the contribution, and the box then ceased its weekly round.
SELECTMEN PROCURE A MINISTER. 357

pounds a year. It does not appear whether any person was
employed under these provisions. In 1720, the selectmen were
requested to look out for a minister by writing to the President
of the college, and in November following, the town voted a
tax to pay the arrears of the minister’s salary, and twenty shil-
lings a week for the support of any minister. In Januar ;
1721, a committee was raised to agree with the minister who
was to come to town, “referring to his salary and continuance
with us in the work of the ministry.” This person was Jona-
than Pierpont, who graduated at Harvard College in 1714.
He was employed first for six months, but his engagement was
renewed ; he continued here in 1722, and boarded with Major
Moody.!' But in the progress of the Indian war, the people
were so miserably poor, that they were unable of themselves to
support a minister. In April, 1723, they speak the following
language: “Voted, that considering the present circumstances
of the town, their inability wholly to maintain a minister of
themselves, that some suitable person or persons be employed
to agree with the minister at Black Point to preach with us
half his time, and to know if the selectmen of Black Point be
willing.” We do not know what was the result of this appli-
cation; the people however were not contented with the existing
state of things, whatever it was, and early next year, February,
1724, made a renewed effort to be supplied. The selectmen

1 Mr. Pierpont was the eldest son of the Rev. Jonathan and Elizabeth (Angier)
Pierpont of Reading, Massachusetts, and was born in that town, September 14,
1695. He was chaplain and surgeon at Fort Richmond, on Kennebec river, in
1739, He afterward moved to Byfield, Massachusetts, arid was living there with
his wife Margaret at the time of his death, which took place in 1758. He left
no issue. The first of the name who came to this country was James, who had
been a merchant in London; he established himself in Ipswich, Massachusetts,
prior to 1640. His son Robert graduated at Harvard College in 1685, became
the minister at Roxbury, Massachusetts, and was the grandfather of the chaplain
above mentioned. John, another son of James, settled in the ministry in New
Haven, and was the ancestor of a distinguished race in Connecticut, New York,
and Vermont. Among them is the Rev. John, late pastor of the Hollis street
church in Boston, the poet, the scholar, and the christian gentleman.
3858 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

were empowered to write to some ministers in or about Boston
to pray their assistance in procuring a suitable minister for
the town.!

During all this time the poverty of the inhabitants had pre:
vented them from completing a house of worship. In Febru-
ary, 1720, they had voted to build a meeting-house as soon as
possible, to be thirty-six feet in length, twenty-eight in breadth,
and twenty feet stud; and Samuel Moody, Richard Collier, and
John Sawyer were chosen a committee to superintend the
work. But for want of funds, nothing material was done on
the subject until the next year, when another order was passed
authorizing them to go on with the undertaking, and a tax was
assessed for the purpose to be paid in timber or such things as
were produced in town. Some little activity in the work was
caused by this vote, the timber was cut and placed upon a lot
at the foot of Middle street ; the place for erecting the house
was not designated until July 38,1721, when it was “voted, that
the meeting-house frame should be raised there or thereabouts,
where the timber now lies upon the rising ground, and that
Wednesday the 12th day of this instant July, shall be the day
to raise said frame.”” The memorable day came, and the frame
of their first meeting-house, thirty-six by twenty-eight feet,
which had been the subject of anxious solicitude for more than
a year and a half, was at length raised on the corner formed by
the north side of Middle and the west side of India street. Still
the work went slowly on; in May, 1722, it was voted that the

1 Previous to the settlement of Mr. Smith, several clergymen settled further
west, occasionally officiated here. Mr. Smith says on the fly leaf of his Church
Records, “1726. Before the ch. was gathered and a minister settled, the Rev.
Mr. Fitch of Portsmouth, being occasionally with us, baptized the following
children :” Here he enumerates the children baptized, viz., those of 8S. Proctor,
Cummings, Doughty, Irish, Buxton, Brackett, etc. He adds, ‘‘The Rev. Mr.
White of Gloucester being with us some time after, baptized a child of Mr.
Brown’s, named Elizabeth. The Rev. Mr. Eveleth (of Arundell now Kennebunk
port) baptized two children, viz.,a son and daughter of John and Lydia Trott,
and a child of J. Cromwell, named Elizabeth.”
PROGRESS OF THE MEETING-HOUSE. 359

meeting-house frame should be covered and inclosed, and that
the money granted to the town by the General Court should
be applied to discharge the expense of the meeting-house frame
as far as it would go.!

A committee was raised February 4, 1724, “to get the clap-
boards for the meeting-house at four pounds per thousand to
be paid out of the town stock,’ and March 9, 1725, Major
Moody and Benjamin York were chosen to agree with work-
men to finish the outside of the mecting-house, and in August
a tax was laid of ninety pounds for that and other town pur-
poses. Nothing however was done to the interior of the house
except laying a floor; it was not even glazed. In this situa-
tion, after more than five years from the commencement of the
undertaking, was the house found by the Rev. Thomas Smith
who arrived here to preach June 23,1725. In the course of the
summer of 1726, it was finished outside and glazed, the glass
having been presented by Governor Wentworth of New Hamp-
shire, whose visit here as one of the commissioners to treat
with the Indians, gave him an opportunity to witness the for-
lorn condition of the only house of public worship in this region.
It was not however until February, 1728, that a vote was
passed for finishing the interior arrangements, “‘so far as the
pulpit and the seats below for the people’s conveniency of sit-
ting.” Thus long was this humble building reaching even the
moderate accommodation of giving the people the conveniency
of sitting down. They were not employed eight years in

1In 1722, the General Court, on petition of Dominicus Jordan on behalf of the
inhabitants, granted forty pounds to the town to assist them in building the
meeting-house. The persons employed in the work were Peter Walton, Benjamin
Ingersoll, Mr. Millett, and “Ensign Robert Pierce.” It was offered as an induce-
ment to the legislature to make the grant toward building the meeting-house,
that the soldiers would have some advantage from it: the petition sets forth .
“that they have a minister among them and have begun a meeting-house, but by
reason of the troubles by the Indians, which have much impoverished them, they
are unable to finish said building; and the rather hecause the soldiers in the
public service will have some benefit therefrom.”
3860 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

stretching a colonnade, or elevating and ornamenting a pedi-
ment for the exterior decoration, nor in gorgeous displays of
drapery and highly wrought, workmanship to beguile the mind
from its devotional contemplations; but it was the effort of
a poor and pious race to erect a mere shelter, where secured
from the storm, they could offer up from the pure temple of
their hearts, thanksgiving and praise. The style of this their
first public building corresponded no doubt with their private
dwellings, and probably as much superior to most of them as
the means of the public were to those of any individual. There
was not, we may safely conjecture, a two-story house in town
at that time.

The minister, for the accommodation of the people on the
south side of Fore river, preached at Purpooduck every third
Sunday. The building used on these occasions was a log
house, which had been built for the common purpose of a garri-
son and achurch, and is the only public edifice which we have
known to have been ever placed by the inhabitants upon the
point. It stood on the high ground, west of where the fort
now stands; the burying-ground extended southerly to the
shore of Simonton’s Cove. Seats and glass were voted to be
put into this fabric in February, 1728.

The arrival of Mr. Smith in 1725, who was then but twenty-
three years old, commences a new era in the ecclesiastical
affairs of the town. He graduated at Harvard College in 1720,
and had commenced preaching in 1722; in 1728 he received a
call to settle at Billingham, in the county of Norfolk, which
he declined. When he came to Falmouth, he found Mr. Pier-
pont preaching here; he was a chaplain in the army, whose
headquarters were on the Neck. The town is represented by
Mr. Smith to have been in a sad state, every object bore the
marks of poverty and wretchedness. The population was prin-
cipally made up of soldiers and fishermen; the Indian war
had not yet closed; even the meeting-house upon which the
people had exhausted their means, sightless windows, without
MR. SMITH’S ACCEPTANCE TO PREACH. 361

seats or pulpit, a mere shell, presented to the mind of a young
aspirant for fame but miserable encouragement. For such a
man, brought up in Boston, then the largest town on this con-
tinent north of Mexico, to fix his destinies on this spot under
such circumstances, required almost the zeal of an apostle and
the courage of a martyr. That excellent man perceived here
alarge field for useful exertion ; he remained preaching until the
oth of September, and at the pressing solicitation of the people
returned again in November. The contribution on one Sabbath
was two pounds six shillings, equal to four hundred dollars a
year, a large sum in those days. On the 26th of April, 1726, the
people gave him an invitation to settle among them, and offered
him a salary of seventy pounds, equal to two hundred and
thirty-three dollars and thirty-three cents, for the first year,
beside his board and the contribution of strangers, and prom-
ised “to increase the same according to their ability and as
their circumstances would allow, till he should be provided
with an honorable maintainance.” He deliberated a long time
on this call, still continuing to preach to them, and January
23, 1727, gave an affirmative answer.!

This result was received by the people with great joy, and
on the day that the reply was communicated, the town voted
“to accept Mr. Smith’s answer to settle with them, with all

1Mr. Smith’s ‘acceptance. “Falmouth, January 23, 1726-7. Gentlemen :—
Sometime since, as a committee of this town, you acquainted me with the choice
the inhabitants had made of me to settle among them as their minister. Since
which I have had time to take the great affair into the most deliberate and seri-
ous consideration, and after solemn address to heaven for counsel and direction,
and the best advice of my friends, am determined to accept of this call and in-
vitation, and do accordingly, with the most humble reliance on free grace, devote
myself to the service of Christ in the ministry of the gospel among them, de-
pending upon such a suitable and honorable provision for my support and mair-
tainance, as by their free and generous proposals they have left me no room to
doubt of. THOMAS SMITH.

To Major Samuel Moody, Esq., and

Mr. Benjamin York, to be communicated.”

24
362 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

thankfulness, being universally satisfied therewithall,” they
also voted to supply him with fire-wood, to pay his salary every
six months, to clear and fence the three acre lot given him and
also the three acre lot adjoining, granted for the ministry.'
They had previously voted to build him a house, “forty feet
long, twenty feet wide and sixteen feet stud, with a conven-
ient kitchen on the back side,” and they selected for its
situation a lot on the north side of Congress street, directly
fronting India street, the very spot now, 1864, occupied by the
mansion house of the late Col. Joshua B. Osgood.

The ordination was appointed to take place on the 8th of
March, and was anticipated with great interest, being the first
event of the kind which had taken place in town or in this part
of the country. “Major Moody was desired to entertain the
messengers and ministers upon ordination day, the charge to be
defrayed by the town, and John Sawyer desired to take care of

2 «Persons were also invited to send in free-will

their horses.
offerings of provisions.” Captain Dominicus Jordan and Left.
Jordan were appointed “to gather what provisions may be had
at Spurwink ; Jonathan Cobb for Purpooduck, and Thomas
Millett and Samuel Proctor for Casco side.”

Agreeably to previous arrangements, the ordination took
place on the 8th of March; the churches of Berwick, Wells,
York, and Kittery being present, and assisting by their dele-
gates and pastors. Mr. Moody of York made the first prayer ;
Mr. Wise of Berwick preached the sermon and gave the right

hand of fellowship ; Mr. Newmarch of the first church in Kit-

1 These two lots extended from Congress street to Back Cove, and were next
below where the meeting-house of the First Parish now stands; these lots ap-
pear to have been covered with wood, as was most of the Neck at that time. The
lot for the minister was exchanged by Mr. Smith for one near his residence, and
came into the hands of Deacon Benjamin Titcomb; the other was sold in 1797
to Moses Titcomb, and on his death, descended to his heirs. The two extended
from the lot on which the meeting-house stands to the county land.

2 By this it would appear that they left their horses at Purpooduck, where
Sawyer lived, near the ferry.
THE FORMATION OF THE FIRST CHURCH. 363

tery gave the charge; and Mr. Rogers of the second church in
Kittery, now Elliot, made the concluding prayer. On the same
day the church was formed and entered into a covenant which
was subscribed by Thomas Smith, Isaac Sawyer, Thomas Has-
kell, John Barber, Robert Means, Samuel Cobb, John Arm-
strong, William Jeals,! and William Jemison.2 To this entry
on the church records, Mr. Smith adds, “We are the first
church that ever was settled to the eastward of Wells. May
the gates of Hell be never able to prevail against us. Amen.”
The church was extremely poor ; at its first meeting, July 10,
1727, a committee was appointed to gather something from
among the inhabitants to defray the expense of the communion
table on account of the poverty of the church. The first cele-
bration of the Lord’s Supper by the church was on the 20th of
August, at which about thirty communicants were present:
Samuel Cobb was chosen the first deacon?

1 This name is variously spelled in the town books, Jeals, Gilles, and Gyles.

2 Jemison, otherwise Jameson.

3 At the same meeting of the church, July 10, Mr. Smith says in his record,
“ The following votes were passed unanimously.

Voted—That in the admission of members into our communion, it be not ex-
pected that there should be formal relations made, as has been the custom in
other churches in this country, unless upon some particular occasion it may be
thought proper.

Voted—That the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper be administered in about six or
seven weeks as shall be thought proper by our pastor, four months in the win-
ter excepted, that is from about the middle of November to about the middle of
March.

Voted—That there be a constant contribution every time the Sacrament of the
Lord’s Supper is administered, to defray the necessary charges for the bread and
wine.

Voted—That inasmuch as the church is at present but small and not able of
themselves to defray the charge of decently furnishing the communion table,
the matter be proposed to the people of the town, that if any are so piously in-
clined as to assist us, they may have opportunity, and that Elder Armstrong
and Mr. Haskell be appointed to go about to the inhabitants to gather what may
be given to this end, and that the brethren of the church make up the rest by
way of subscription.

This was the first meeting the church had and a very peaceable one.”
364 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The next year, September 12, 1728, Mr. Smith was married
to Sarah Tyng, daughter of William Tyng, Esq., of Woburn.
On his return, he was met at Scarborough by a number of his
parishioners, who escorted him home and regaled him and his
bride with ‘a noble supper,” prepared for the occasion.’ The
town was a long time finishing his dwelling-house; we find as
late as October, 1732, an appropriation of one hundred and
forty-six pounds fourteen shillings and ten pence made for com-
pleting it. It was the best house in the village for many
years , as late as 1740, it contained the only papered room in
town, and this, by way of distinction, used to be called “the
papered room ;” the paper was put on with nails and not by
paste.

1Smith’s Journal. For further particulars relating to the settlement of Mr.
Smith, and a copy of the church covenant, etc., see Smith’s Journal, 2d edition,
notes, pp 60-65.
CHAPTER XIV.

EDUCATION—ScHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS—EDUCATED MEN—P uBLic Liprary.

In the first years after the revival of the town, the inhabi-
tants were so much occupied in providing for the security of
their estates and for their very existence, that but little thought
or attention was bestowed on the education of their children.
The earliest notice we have on this subject is from the records,
September 15, 1729, eleven years after the incorporation of
the town, when ‘‘the selectmen were requested to look out for
a schoolmaster to prevent the town’s being presented.” Their
consideration was then aroused, it would seem, rather from
fear of the law than a proper regard to the importance of the
subject. The existing laws required every town containing
fifty families to support one schoolmaster constantly, and those
containing one hundred families to maintain a grammar school.

t was not until 1726 that the number of families brought the
town within the lowest provision of the statute; it is therefore
probable, considering the poverty of the people, that no meas-
ures for public education had been taken previous to the time
mentioned in the record ; nor does it appear that any person
was procured on that occasion.

The first notice we meet with of the actual employment of a
teacher is in 1733, when Robert Bayley was hired at a salary
of seventy pounds a year, to keep six months upon the Neck,
3866 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

three months at Purpooduck, and three on the north side of
Back Cove.!| The next year the places of his labor were
varied and he was required to keep two months each, on the
Neck, at Purpooduck, Stroudwater, Spurwink, New Casco, and
Presumpscot, and his salary was raised to seventy-five pounds.
In 1735 his services were divided between the first and second
parishes, seven months in the former and five in the latter.?. In
1735 he received six pounds extra as grammar schoolmaster ;
this is the first intimation we have of the establishment of
a grammar school in town, although it must have had the stat-
ute number of families several years before. The same year
Mr. Sewall kept here six months, and as no further notice is
taken of Mr. Bailey it is probable that Mr. Sewall took his
place. The next year Nicholas Hodge was employed, under a
vote of the town to keep the grammar school, and the first par-
ish was allowed the privilege of fixing the location on paying
twenty pounds toward the salary.2 Mr. Hodge was then a stu-
dent at Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1739;
he kept here again in the three years 1739 to 1741, while pre-
paring for the ministry under the care of Mr. Smith; he
preached for Mr. Smith in 1743. It is probable that in 1737
the grammar school became a distinct school, in which higher
branches were taught than had been before practiced, as in that

1 Robert Bailey was admitted a proprietor on the payment of ten pounds,
August 17, 1727, and in February following a house lot was granted to him on
the south side of Middle street, where Plum street has since been laid ,out. He
probably came from Newbury where the Bailey family settled about 1642. The
ancestor was John, who came from Chippenham, England, to Salisbury, about
1639, with his son John, and died in Newbury, 1651. A John Bailey was ad-
mitted an inhabitant here, December 14, 1727, and Joseph in 1728. In 1745
Robert Bailey and his wife Martha were dismissed from the church in Falmouth
to the church in North Yarmouth.

2 Purpooduck had then been set off as a second parish.

3 Mr. Hodge came from Newbury and was probably a relative of Phineas
Jones, one of our principal inhabitants, whose wife was a Hodge from that
town. Nicholas was born in Newbury, May 20, 1719, and died in 1743.
MONEY RAISED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN SCHOOLS. 367

year a person of liberal education had for the first time been
employed. About this time Samuel Stone kept a school in his
house on the bank of Fore river near the foot of Center street:
Thankful Poge, born in 1731, in a deposition which she has
left behind her, says she went to him two summers some time
before Capt. Breton was taken the first time.! In 1745 one
hundred and thirty pounds were voted “‘to pay the schoolmas-
ter now among us,” and the selectmen were authorized to pro-
portion his time in the several districts according to taxes ;? the
same year fifty pounds were raised by the town toward paying
a grammar schoolmaster, and the people on the Neck by mak-
ing up his salary were to have the school kept among them ;
this favor was annually granted them until the division of the
town. Inthe same year Stephen Longfellow, the first of
the family who settled in town, and the ancestor of all of
the name now among us, came here April 11, and opened
a school in six days afterward: it was probably the grammar
school. He continued to be the principal instructor in town
until he was appointed clerk of the court on the division of the

1Stone was a boat builder by trade, he was admitted an inhabitant in 1727,
and a house lot was granted him at the foot of Center street. He subsequently
moved to Manchester, Massachusetts, where he died in 1778, leaving several
children. Mrs. Poge was a daughter of Cox, who lived in a house which stood
near where High street now enters Fore street, on the spot where the late Mr.
Tinkham’s house stands. There were then no streets opened in that quarter of
the town. In going to school, she says, she went down a foot-path and crossed
the gulley on a stringpiece. This gulley was formed by water running from the
fountain and the wet lands in that neighborhood and entered the river near
where Mrs. Oxnard’s house is. These landmarks have been obliterated by
modern improvements, and we may now define the gully as crossing York street,
about where Brown’s sugar-house is. Teams had to pass on the beach under the

bank.

2The currency at this time was old tenor, which was at a depreciation of seven
to one; upon this scale the salary of the schoolmaster was humble indeed, not
exceeding eighty dollars in silver.
368 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.
county in 1760.! In the early part of this time he occupied a

1Mr. Longfellow was grandson of William, who was born in the county of
Hampshire, England, about 1651; he came over a young man and established
himself in the parish of Byfield, in Newbury, November 10, 1678; he married
Anne Sewall, daughter of Henry Sewall, by his wife, Jane Dummer. Their chil-
dren were William, Ann, Stephen, Eliza, and Nathan. In 1687 he went to Eng-
land to obtain his patrimony: after his return, he joined the Canada expedition
as ensign in 1690, under Sir William Phipps, and perished by shipwreck on the

island Anticosti, October, 1690.
His son Stephen, born in 1685, married Abigail, a daughter of the Rev. Ed-

ward Thompson of Marshfield, who were the parents of our schoolmaster Ste-
phen, the fifth of their ten children; he was born in Byfield, February 7, 1728, and
graduated at Harvard College in 1742. In 1749 he married Tabitha Bragdon,
a daughter of Samuel Bragdon of York, by whom he had three sons, Stephen,
Samuel, and William, and one daughter, Tabitha, married to Capt. John Stephen-
son, 1771. Stephen was born in 1750, and became an honored and valued citizen
here. William died young. Samuel was a loyalist in the revolution and died
on Long Island, New York, in1780 or 1781. William and Samuel left no chil-
dren.

Stephen, who first came here, was for many years one of the most intelligent,
active, and considerable of our citizens. He was clerk of the first parish twenty-
three years, town clerk twenty-two years, register of Probate and clerk of the
Judicial Courts sixteen years from 1760, and was the first who held the latter
two offices in this county; he wrote a clear, distinct, and beautiful hand, in which
accomplishment he was followed by his three successive generations of the same
name.

He lived, at the beginning of the revolution, on that part of Fore street which
fronted the beach, east of India street; his house was destroyed in the sack of
the town by Mowatt, October, 1775, when he moved to Gorham, where he died
May, 1790, universally beloved and respected. He was brought to this town for
burial.

Mr. Longfellow had been keeping school in York when he was invited here.
The following invitation, a letter from the Rev. Mr. Smith, brought him.

“Falmouth, November 15, 1744. Sir, We need a schoolmaster. Mr. Plaisted
advises of your being at liberty. If you will undertake the service in this place
you may depend upon our being generous, and your being satisfied. I wish
you’d come as soon as possible and doubt not but yowll find things much to
your content. Your humble ser’t, THOS. SMITH.

P.8. Iwrite in the name and with the power of the selectmen of the town.
If you can’t serve us pray advise us of it per first opportunity.”

The number of scholars in 1746, was fifty, embracing girls and boys of the fa-
miliar names of that day, Smith, Moody, Mountfort, Brackett, Waite, Bradbury,
TEACHERS OF SCHOOLS. 369

building at the corner of Middle, and School, now Pearl street;
he afterward kept in his house which fronted the beach at the
lower end of the town. The second year of his engagement
his salary was two hundred pounds. In 1747 forty pounds,
and in 1748 sixty pounds were voted for a grammar school to
be kept in that part of the town, which would pay the remain-
der of the salary. In 1752 one hundred pounds lawful money
were raised for schools, and six pounds thirteen shillings and
four pence ‘were added to the Neck’s proportion” to assist the
inhabitants there to support a grammar school; the same sum
was annually granted to the Neck for five or six years for the
same purpose.!

In 1753 John Wiswell appears to have been keeping school
here. Mr. Smith, under date of January 25 of this year, says,
“our two schoolmasters (Mr. Longfellow and Mr. Wiswell)
opened their schools on Monday 22d.”? Mr. Wiswell was the
son of John Wiswell, who for many years kept the grammar
school in Boston, and was born there. He graduated at Har-

1The currency had now b2en returned to a sound state; the paper had all
been called in by an act which went into effect March 31, 1750, and the circula-
ting medium was goldand silver, consequently the appropriation for schools was
equal to three hundred and thirty-three dollars and thirty-three cents.

2 Mr. Wiswell was ordained over the society in New Casco, November 3, 1756.
fp 1762 he became deranged and continued in this condition about six months.
¥ In 1764 he changed his religious sentiments, declared for the church of England,

and accepted the call of the Episcopalians on the Neck to preach to them.

 

Jones, Cox, Gooding, Freeman, Bryant, Coffin, Stickney, Proctor, and Motley;
many of whom are equally familiar at the present time, descendants of the
founders of our town.

The following notice was annually, with change of date, posted on the school-
house door. ‘Notice is hereby given to such persons as are disposed to send
their children to school in this place, the ensuing year, that the year commences
this day, and the price will be as usual, viz., eighteen shillings and cight pence
per year for each scholar that comes by the year, and eight shillings per quarter
for such as come by the quarter.

Falmouth, December 5, 1752. STEPH’N LONGFELLOW.”

They had no newspapers in that day. ‘
370 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

vard College in 1749, pursued the study of divinity as a Con-
gregationalist, and was settled as such in 1756, over the New
Casco parish in Falmouth. In 1761 he married Mercy, a
daughter of Judge John Minot of Brunswick, by whom he had
several children. In 1764 he changed his religious views, ac-
cepted the invitation of an Episcopal society just organized on
the Neck, and proceeded to England to receive ordination.
He returned in 1765 and continued to preach to his people
until the breaking out of the revolution, when he joined the
royalist party and took refuge, in May, 1775, on board the
British fleet then in the harbor, in which he sailed for Boston
and thence to England. At the close of the war, he accepted
the call of some of his former parishioners and settled in
Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, over a parish they had formed
there. Having lost his first wife, he married in Cornwallis
a widow Hutchinson from the Jerseys, as the Rev. Jacob
Bailey, the frontier missionary, who married them, writes.
He died in Cornwallis in 1812, leaving two sons, born in Fal-
mouth. Peleg, one of them, was appointed a judge of the
Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in 1816, and died at Annapolis
in 1836, aged seventy-three. The Rev. Mr. Wiswell when
here, lived in a house painted red, as most of the houses then
were, which stood on the corner of Middle and Exchange
streets, afterward owned and occupied by James Deering, and
which gave place to the brick block built by that gentleman.
Peter T. Smith, son of the Rev. Thomas Smith, kept a school
on the Neck in 1755, he began January 16; in the December
following he moved to Windham, where he was afterward set-
tled in the ministry :' he graduated at Harvard College in 1753.
Mr. Wallace afterward kept a school five or six years in a one
story school-house which stood on the corner of Middle and
School, now Pearl street, the same in which Mr. Longfellow had
kept; he had a wife and lived in the same building ; he came

1In 1757 he kept school and preached at Weymouth.
SCHOOLS AND THEIR TEACHERS. 3871

from England where he had been employed as a draughtsman
in the Navy Yard at Deptford. In 1756 Jonathan Webb came
here from Boston, and probably soon after that time opened a
school, which he continued to keep several years; some of our
old people can still remember the discipline of this teacher.
He kept at one time in India street, next above the town-house,
and afterward in a small building perched on the steep bank
where the Mariner’s church now stands.! At another time
he kept in his house which stood on Congress street, near
where Wilmot street joins it. He graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1754; in 1763, he married Lucy, the eldest daughter
of Brigadier Preble, but had no issue by her. He died soon
after the war commenced, having retired from school-keeping
a number of years before his death.2 He was succeeded by
Moses Holt, who graduated at Harvard College in 1767, but
who was cut off in the midst of his labors and promise by con-
sumption in 1772, aged twenty-seven.?
We may reasonably conclude that two schools conducted by
male teachers were regularly kept upon the Neck from about
1750; that Mr. Smith succeeded Mr. Wiswell, and that Mr.
Webb followed Mr. Smith. In 1760, the time of which we
are speaking, the number of families upon the Neck was about

1 The building rested on piles a little distance from the street, the passage to
it was over a plank platform. He was called by the boys “pithy Webb” from a
practice he had of putting the pith of the quill in his mouth when he cut it; Ed-
ward Preble, afterward the distinguished Commodore, went to him, and while
there nearly broke him of this habit, though at his own bitter cost, by rendering
the pith on one occasion, very unpalatable.

2Mr. Webb, after he gave up his school, for which he appears not to have been
very well qualified, kept boarders; the elder John Adams, when he attended
the court here, which he regularly did for several years previous to the revolu-
tion, always boarded with him.

3 Mr. Holt opened his school October 1,1770. He had previously kept in
Newburyport. He was engaged by Dr. Deane and boarded with him. May 7,
1771, he married Mary, a daughter of Deacon William Cotton, and died the Jan-
uary following, without issue.
312 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

one hundred and sixty-five, furnishing as we may fairly esti-
mate, a population of about one thousand. Besides the male
schools there was one kept for smaller children by the ancient
dame, Mrs. Clark, who lived on Plum street. The severity of
her discipline and her harsh manners still dwell in the memo-
ries of some who have survived to our day, 1831.

In 1761 a great excitement was produced in town by the
conduct of a schoolmaster by the name of Richmond.! He
was an Irishman and very severe in his discipline; but this
cannot have been the sole ground of complaint against him ;
and it is evident that he would not have ventured to return had
he not been supported by a party in his favor. In 1761 he
was carried before Enoch Freeman on a warrant, and bound
over to appear before the Court of General Sessions “to answer
his being presented for setting up and keeping school in Fal-
mouth without the approbation of the selectmen.”’ Alexander
Ross and Dr. Coffin were his sureties.2 We learn nothing
more of him after this time and conclude he was not able to
withstand the storm that was raised against him.2 The next
persons we find employed in this responsible duty were David
Wyer and Theophilus Bradbury, who were then studying law,
and were both admitted to practice in the Common Pleas in
1762: Mr. Bradbury graduated at Harvard College in 1757,
and Mr. Wyer in 1758. Mr Bradbury kept in Plum street in
a house now standing next below the brick house on the east
side of the street. They were probably not long engaged in

'“Things remain in a dismal situation about the schoolmaster Richmond, a
very worthless fellow, by means of whom the peace of the neighborhood of the
Neck is broken up and dreadful quarrelings occasioned. The old selectmen sent
him out of town, but he returned and kept school at ——.” Smith's Journal,
March 9, 1761.

2 His name was John Montague Richmond.

’ Lyon, another “old countryman,” kept school in Fore street, near Clay Cove,
about the commencement of the revolution; he was an old man and very severe
in his discipline, which rendered him unpopular. At this time and for many
years after, boys and girls went to the same school.
SCHOOLS AND THEIR TEACHERS. 373

this employment, as after their admission to the bar, they en-
tered at once into full professional business, being at that time
the only lawyers in the county.

In 1762, the first parish, which then included the whole of
ancient Falmouth, except the districts of Purpooduck and New
Casco, was divided into four school districts, two of which were
upon the Neck, the third embraced Capisic, Stroudwater, Sac-
carappa, and Deerhill, and the fourth, Back Cove and the rest
of the parish not included in the other districts.'. On the
same occasion it was voted that each district should draw
money in proportion to the taxes it paid, provided a school
were kept in it the whole year; no children were to be sent to
these schools unless they could read in the Psalter. The dis-
tricts on the Neck were divided by a line drawn across it ‘“‘be-
tween Mr. Freeman’s house and Mr. Waldo’s,” which was a
little east of the late Judge Freeman’s house, now the ‘Free-
man House” opposite the second parish meeting-house ; the
upper district extended to Round Marsh; this fact shows
conclusively where the dense part of the population was situa-
ted at that time. The money raised for schools this year was
one hundred pounds; in 1761 but fifty pounds were raised,
which was distributed as follows: To the Neck twenty-five
pounds, Back Cove eleven pounds, Long Creek nine pounds,
Saccarappa five pounds. Cape Elizabeth parish not being in-
cluded in this distribution, may be considered as now set up
for herself.

The only money raised for schools in 1768, was twenty
pounds, which was wholly appropriated to a grammar school ;
with this exception no money was voted for a grammar school
for several years before and after, until 1771, when under an
apprehension that the penalty of the law would be visited upon

1 he number of families in Falmouth in 1764, was five hundred and eighty-
five, and the population three thousand seven hundred and seventy, one-third of
which was probably on the Neck.
374 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

them, they voted one hundred and fifty pounds for schools to
be distributed according to polls, of which six pounds were to
be added to the Neck’s proportion to keep a grammar school
and prevent presentment: the same amount was appropriated
for that purpose the two following years.'

In 1764 the late Judge Freeman, then twenty-one years old,
kept a public school and the next year a private school on the
Neck. In 1767 William McMahan, an Irishman, opened a
school at Stroudwater, and: afterward kept at Woodford’s Cor-
ner for several years. Portland boys were sent out to him.
He was severe but a good teacher. William Browne, Thomas
Robison, John Deering, and Robert Cumming were among his
scholars after the revolution. He was father of John Mahan,
who kept a hat store here many years in the early part of the
century.

In 1769 Theophilus Parsons, afterward the distinguished
Chief Justice of Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College
and came here in May, 1770, to take a school. He brought a
letter of recommendation from his father, Rev. Moses Parsons
of Byfield, to Stephen Longfellow, in which he says his son
“would be glad to keep school in a seaport and such a seaport
as Falmouth, that he might have an opportunity to teach navi-
gation as well as other branches of mathematics. He has kept
school here to great acceptance and I believe you may venture

1 The sums voted for schools in different years were as follows.

1734 £48.5.0 1767 £65.0.0
1745 180.0.0 0. T. 1768-70 100.0.0 each year.
1747 40.0.0 for grammar school. 1771 150.0.0
1748 60.0.0 “ af “ 1772 200.0.0
1752 100.0.0 lawful money. 1773 300.0.0
1755~58 6.18.4 for grammar school. 1774 300.0.0
1761 50.0.0 1775 320.0.0
1762 100.00 1776 50.0.0
1763 20.0.0 all for gram. school, 1777 200.0.0
1764 250.0.0 1778 400.0.0
1765 100.0.0 1779 1000.0.0

1766 200.0.0 1781 80.0.0 “hard money.”
SCHOOLS AND THEIR TEACHERS. 3875

to recommend him either to keep a public or private school as
one who will be useful to the town as having a very good no-
tion of teaching children.’’

He commenced his school June 25,1770, and kept it to
September 8, 1773. He received for salary five pounds six shil-
lings and eight pence per month, equal to twenty-one dollars and
ten cents. Capt. Daniel Tucker went to him, and says in his
diary, that ‘“‘he kept the north school in the old building near
the court-house and next below the dwelling of Samuel Mount-
fort (corner of India and Middle streets). He adds, “Such
were the ways of this extraordinary man, that he governed a
large school with the most perfect ease and kept us all in awe
of him by the purest principles of love and fear; and such
was his good conduct toward us that his name is held in ven-
eration till this day, among the few of his pupils that remain
alive.” (1825.)

While keeping this school he pursued the study of law under
direction of Theophilus Bradbury and was admitted to the
Cumberland Bar in July, 1774.!

He kept in a school-house which stood in India street near
where Middle street joins it, which was removed in 1774 to
Congress street, where it formed a part of the house of the
late Jonathan Bryant. The late Judge Frothingham also kept
a school here before as well as after the revolution ; he gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1771, and about two years after
ward entered the office of Mr. Bradbury as a fellow-student
with Parsons. It was very much the custom of that day for

1 Mr. Parsons boarded three years with Deacon Codman and the remainder of
the time with Dr. Deane; Mr. Codman’s son, who went to school to him, told me
that Mr. Parsons was constantly studying when out of school— that he was al-
ways in his chamber. It is well known that this great man, in addition to his
vast attainments in the science of law, was a profound classical scholar and
deeply skilled in mathematics. Judge Parsons was born in Byfield, February
24,1750, was appointed Chief Justice in 1806, and died in Boston, October 30,
1813. An interesting biography of him has been published by his son, Prof.
Parsons of H. C.
376 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

young men on their leaving college to sustain themselves while
studying their professions by keeping school. The men of
our country who became most distinguished in the eighteenth
century achieved their own fortunes and fame from such hum-
ble beginnings, many of them working even while at college
for the very means to get them through. By struggling with
narrow circumstances, their minds were formed and nerved in
a severe school. They were not accustomed to the ease and
the enervation which have been produced in our days by
the general diffusion of wealth over the land, and the im-
mensely increased facilities of education. Ministers who were
barely able to assist one or more of their sons through college,
were obliged for the most part to leave them at the gate, to
win their way in the world by their own exertions. Hence
many were brought to the necessity of keeping school as a tem-
porary expedient, while they were preparing themselves to
sustain higher characters on a more extended theater. We
have seen in this town these facts illustrated by some eminent
examples.

It cannot escape observation that notwithstanding the ability
of the persons who at different times taught in our schools,
that the cause of education was quite low. The amount ap-
propriated for the important object of instruction from the
limited means of the inhabitants, was not sufficient to com-
mand or reward the undivided attention of any person qualified
for the task; the business must therefore have been necessarily
neglected or have fallen into the hands of those who took it up
as a secondary object, for their own convenience.

But two natives of the town had received a public education
previous to the revolution; these were John and Peter T.
Smith, sons of our minister. They were graduated at Harvard
College, the former in 1745, the latter in 1753; John became a
physician, the other followed the profession of his father and
was settled in Windham, where he died in 1827, aged ninety-
six. John died in 1773. At the commencement of the revo-
EDUCATED MEN. 317

lution, there were upon the Neck but thirteen persons who
had received a liberal education,! only six of these were en-
gaged in professional pursuits,’ and not one was a native of
the town ; we had then to import our literature as well as the
necessary supplies of life; the activity and energy of the peo-
ple were employed in procuring means of support and in the
accumulation of wealth, rather than in cultivating the sources
of intellectual improvement.?

There were several physicians in town, but not one had re-
ceived a public education.’ The younger Dr. Coffin, a few

1 These were Rev. Thomas Smith, who graduated 1720, Enoch Freeman, 1729,
Stephen Longfellow, 1742, Francis Waldo, 1747, John Wiswell, 1749, Jonathan
Webb, 1754, Theophilus Bradbury, 1757, David Wyer, 1758, Samuel Deane, 1760,
Stephen Hall, 1765, Edward Oxnard, 1767, Theophilus Parsons, 1769, John
Frothingham, 1771.

2 Messrs. Smith, Deane, and Wiswell in the ministry, and Messrs. Bradbury,
Wyer, and Parsons in the law. Mr. Frothingham was not admitted to the Bar
until 1779.

3In other parts of the town there were at the time of the revolution, but two
liberally educated men, and those were Thomas Browne, minister of the Stroud-
water parish, and Ebenezer Williams, minister at New Casco, the former gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1752, the latter in 1760.

4These were the elder Dr. Nathaniel Coffin, Dr. John Lowther, and Dr. Ed-
ward Watts, who all lived on the Neck ; Nathaniel Jones lived at Cape Elizabeth ;
he was a physician and a man of much promise; he came from Ipswich, Massa-
chusetts, and was in full practice when the war broke out. He entered zealously
into the measures of the whigs, enlisted as a surgeon in the Bagaduce expedition,
where he sickened, and died soon after his return. Dr. Watts married Polly
Oxnard of Boston, May, 1765, and came here about that time.

Dr. John Lowther came here from Tuxford, county of Nottingham, England,
in 1765. He had served seven years in a hospital in England, during a part of
which the younger Dr. Coffin was pursuing his studies at Guy’s and St. Thomas’
Hospitals, London. At that time the elder Dr. Coffin was the only physician in
the viliage. The next year Dr. Coffin died and his place was amply supplied by
his son, Dr. Edward Watts, and Dr. Lowther. Lowther connected with his prac-
tice an apothecary’s shop which stood on the corner of Middle and India streets.
He was a skillful physician and surgeon. In August, 1765, he married Rebecca,
a daughter of Wymond Bradbury of York, and a relative of Theophilus Brad-
bury. By her he had seven children, of whom the youngest, Henrietta, only
3878 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

years before the revolution had been sent to England by his
father to complete his medical studies, which he pursued a
short time in London. On the death of his father in 1766,
he succeeded to his business and continued a very large and
successful practice for more than fifty years. The Rev. Mr.
Smith, for many years in the early settlement of the town,
performed the responsible part of physician to the body as well
as the soul, and he was no less beloved in his temporal than
in his spiritual employment. It was very common for minis-
ters in thinly peopled towns to discharge this two-fold duty.
The other publicly educated men who resided here previous to
the revolution, were Samuel Moody, his two sons, Joshua and
Samuel,! Jabez Fox, who graduated at Harvard College in 1727,
and studied divinity, but whose health did not permit him to
preach,? and Samuel Waldo, eldest son of Brigadier Waldo,
who graduated in 1748, at Harvard College. These all died
some years previous to the revolution.

1 Dr. Samuel Moody had been a surgeon in the army in the war of 1722, he
afterward received a military appointment, and died at Brunswick in 1758, com-
manding officer of Fort George. He was born October 29, 1699, and graduated
at Harvard College, 1718. He had by wife Mary, Nathaniel Green, 1726, Wil-
liam, 1728, Samuel, 1730, Joshua, 1733, all born in Falmouth, Mary, 1735.
Joshua Moody was born October 31, 1697, graduated at Harvard College, 1716,
and established himself in this town; he did not study a profession, but was an
acting magistrate, sustained many public employments and was a large land-
holder. He married Tabitha Cox in 1736, by whom he had three sons, Houtchin,
William, and James. He died February 20, 1748.

2Mr. Fox was the second son of John Fox, minister of Woburn, and was born
in that place in 1705. He was a descendant of John Fox, the author of the

 

survives. She was born in 1781, married Ebenezer Sumner in 1801, and had
seven children. One of her daughters, now dead, married our fellow-citizen
Hall J. Little, but left no children. Dr. Lowther was tall'and thin, of ardent
temperament and a social disposition, liberal and careless of money, and often
embarrassed in his affairs. He built the house which stood on the corner of
Lime and Middle streets, which was moved in 1860 to give place to the brick
block now standing on the premises ; the lot he bought of the heirs of Samuel
Proctor. He died in 1794 at the age of about fifty-four.
EDUCATED MEN—JABEZ FOX, SAMUEL WALDO. 379

Mr. Waldo came here immediately after he graduated, and
the next year was chosen representative of the town, his
family having long exercised great influence on account of
a large estate here. While a member of the house this year,
he‘received from Governor Shirley a commission as Colonel on
the commencement of the war of 1744. In 1753 he went to
Europe with authority from his father to procure emigrants to
settle the Waldo patent, and by flattering representations and
liberal offers he induced a number of Germans to follow him
to his possessions in this State, many of whose descendants
still occupy part of that territory. In August, 1760, he was
married to Olive Grizzel of Boston, who died the next February,
and in March, 1762, he married Sarah Erving by whom he had
four sons, Samuel, John Erving, Francis, and Ralph, and two
daughters, Sarah and Lucy. In 1760 he was appointed the
the first Judge of Probate for the county of Cumberland,

 

“Book of Martyrs,” first printed in London in 1563, The first of the name who
came to this country was Thomas, who was admitted a freeman in 1638, and lived
in Cambridge, where Jabez his son, the grandfather of the Jabez who came here,
was born, 1646. The precise time that Mr. Fox came to this town we cannot
determine, we find him here in 1743, when he was married to Ann, daughter of
Wymond Bradbury of York, and aunt of Judge Theophilus of Falmouth. On
her decease which happened not long after, he married the widow of Phineas
Jones, by whom he had William, who died young, John, for many years a respecta-
ble merchant in Portland, and Mary, who married Edward Oxnard. Mr. Fox
filled several important offices in town, was justice of the Peace, was repeatedly
chosen representative to the General Court, and for the three years preceding his
death was one of the Governor's council, the first ever chosen from the territory
now forming the County of Cumberland. He died respected and lamented
April 7, 1755, aged fifty. The mother of Mr. Fox was Mary Tyng, a grand-
daughter of Thaddeus Clark, who lived on the Neck and was killed by the In-
dians in 1690. Clark’s wife being granddaughter of George Cleeves, the Fox
family therefore inherit the blood of our first settler, The descent from Cleeves
is thus, his daughter Elizabeth married Mitton, whose daughter Elizabeth mar-
ried Clark, whose eldest daughter Elizabeth married Capt. Edward Tyng, a
distinguished officer and statesman in Massachusetts ; his daughter Mary mar-
ried Rev. John Fox of Woburn, the father of our honored citizen Jabez. Anoth-
er daughter of Capt. Tyng, Elizabeth, married a brother of Dr. Franklin.
3880 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

which office he held until his death, April 16, 1770, in the
forty-ninth year of his age.

The state of literature in town previous to the revolution, was
not, it will be perceived, of a very elevated character ; nor in-
deed from the situation of the people, could much have been
expected. Yet when the small population of the Neck is con-
sidered, not exceeding nineteen hundred, at the very eve of
the war, perhaps it contained as large a proportion of educated
men as any other place in that day. In 1763 several gentle-
men upon the Neck, desirous of promoting the diffusion of
useful knowledge, and extending the means of information,
made some attempts to establish a library. In 1765 twenty-
six persons had associated together for this purpose, all but
two or three of whom lived upon the Neck.'! The progress of
their laudable undertaking was extremely slow, and at the
opening of the library in 1766, it contained but ninety-three
volumes, of which ancient and modern universal history com-
prised sixty-two volumes, being just two-thirds of the whole
number.? Only part of this work was first put in, but in 1765
a subscription was raised among the members to complete the

1The names of the first associates were Enoch Freeman, Be njamin Titcomb
Stephen Longfellow, Richard Codman, Edward Watts, Thomas ‘Scales, Paul
Prince, John Waite, Benjamin Waite, Enoch Isley, Jonathan Webb, Francis
Waldo, Thomas Smith, Moses Pearson, James Gooding, Josiah Noyes, John Cox,
Jeremiah Pote, Alexander Ross, Ebenezer Mayo, John Wiswell, Richard King,
Jedediah Preble, Ephraim Jones, Stephen Waite, and John Waite, Jr. Mr. King:
lived in Scarborough. William Tyng and some others were admitted previous
to the war.

2The catalogue of the books is so small, we may be excused for publishing it
entire. Ancient and modern universal history from No.1 to No. 62 inclusive.
The Reflector, 1 vol; Leland’s view of the Deistical writers, 3 vols.; Prospects
of Mankind, ete., 1 vol.; Lardner’s history of the writers of the New Testament,
3 vols.; London Magazine from No. 71 to No. 79 inclusive, 1755 to 1768; Phy-
sico Theology, 1 vol.; Ray’s Wisdom of God, 1 vol.; Propagation of Christian-
ity, 2 vols.; Rapin’s History of England, 7 vols., from 85 to 91 inclusive; History
of Peter, Czar of Muscovy , 2dand 3d vols., volume 1 not put in. Total, ninety-
three.
LIBRARY. 381

set, and thirty-nine pounds fifteen shillings were contributed
on this occasion. Books at that period were not thrown from
the press with the rapidity and in the quantity they are at this
time ; book-shops were rare, and all works of standard value
were imported from England. It will be seen that among those
which constituted the first library here, not one was printed in
this country. Even the newspapers and almanacs which issued
from our presses were very small and of mean quality. The
formation of a library therefore under such circumstances,
was avery serious undertaking, the difficulty of which cannot
be felt now, when works in every departmemt of literature
and science are scattered, like the leaves of the Sibyl, from a
thousand presses. We believe this to have been the first es-
tablishment of the kind in Maine. Not much addition was
made to the books previous to the revolution, and in the de-
struction of the town, the little collection was widely dispersed
and a number of the books lost: during the war its operations
were entirely suspended until 1780, when an attempt was
made to collect the fragments and restore them to use.”

We shall resume the consideration of this subject in a future
stage of our work and must now dismiss it to make room for
matters which it has already anticipated.

1In this subscription Benjamin Titcomb gare a guinea, the"other jmembers a
silver dollar each.

2 All the books which survived the destruction of the town are now preserved
and form a part of the Portland Atheneum.

3The following memorandum found among Enoch Freeman’s papers shows
that the members of the society while catering for the mind did not forget the
more humble concernments of the body. ‘Capt. Benjamin Waite has laid a
wager with Mr. Richard Codman, of a turkey and trimmings for ye good of the
members of the library, that: the ferry ways from the brow above Proctor’s wharf,
must be built three hundred yards further off or longer than the ways at or from
the rocks above Captain Bangs’ wharf, in order that the ferry boat may lay
afloat at low water.” Though the subject of the wager is not kindred to the
destination of the turkey, it indicates that the library was occupying a place in
people’s thoughts.
CHAPTER XV.

EccLEsisstICAL AFFAIRS—PURPOODUCK, PARISH SET OFF—PRESBYTERIANS—PURPOODUCK PARISH—
First PArIso, NEW MEETING-HOUSE—REVIVAL—GEORGE WHITEFIELD—New Casco PAariso—EPIsco-
PAL SOCIETY—-SETTLEMENT OF Mr. DEANE—QUAEERS.

The whole town notwithstanding its large extent of territory
and the remote situation of many of its inhabitants, continued
united in one parish until 1733, when by mutual consent the
people residing on the south side of Fore river were incorpo-
rated by the General Court as a distinct parish... The dividing
line of the parishes passed up Fore river to a point half a mile
south of Stroudwater river, and thence extended due west to
the line of Scarborough.? On the 18th of September of the
same year, the new parish held a meeting, at which they voted
to build a meeting-house, and chose the Rev. Benjamin Allen
to be their minister; he accepted the invitation and was in- -
stalled November 10, 1734.3

1 The members of the first church dismissed to-form the second, were John
Armstrong, William Jameson, Robert Means, Robert Thorndike, and Jonathan
Cobb. Joshua Woodbury, Dominicus Jordan, and Joseph White were afterward
dismissed to join that church.

2This is the present boundary line of Cape Elizabeth.

3 Mr, Allen was born at Tisbury, on Martha’s Vineyard; he graduated at Yale
College in 1708, and was settled at South Bridgewater in 1718; after preaching
there about ten years he was dismissed by an ecclesiastical council. He died
May 6, 1754, aged seventy-two— Mitchell’s History of Bridgewater. He had sev-
eral daughters; one married Rev. Mr. Upham of Barnstable county; another,
Rev. Mr. Emery ; a third, Clement Jordan, Esq., of Cape Elizabeth; a fourth,
PURPOODUCK PARISH—PRESBYTERIANISM. 383

The meeting-house which stands upon the hill opposite Port-
land, was erected in pursuance of the vote, the frame being
constructed of white oak timber cut upon the spot where the
house stands.!_ A month previous to the settlement of Mr.
Allen and the organization of the church, the number of com-
municants in Mr. Smith’s church, including both parishes, at
the sacrament, October 6, 1734, was seventy, which shows a
rapid increase in the number in the period of seven years.
After this separation, the records of the parish, which was no
longer co-extensive with the town, were kept distinct and the
first parish was regularly organized in pursuance of the stat-
ute in 1734. Dr. Samuel Moody was chosen the first clerk
and annually re-elected until 1744, and again in 1746; Joshua
Moody, his brother, was chosen the intervening years; Moses
Pearson 1746 to 1750, and was succeeded by Stephen Long-
fellow, who was annually re-chosen twenty-three years.

In the church and parish at Purpooduck there was a strong
element of Presbyterianism. The Scotch-Irish emigrants were
all of this sect, and they could not easily lay aside the convictions
in which they were educated and severely disciplined. Several
of them had formed a substantial part of Mr. Smith’s church
until the Purpooduck parish was separated from it. Of the ten
male members who subscribed the church covenant on the
organization of the church in March, 1727, four were of
that denomination, viz., Armstrong, Means, Jeals or Gyles,
and Jameson. Beside these, there were in Cape Elizabeth
three other Armstrongs, McDonald, two Simontons, and others,

1 This meeting-house was afterward enlarged by adding a piece of about fifteen
feet to its width. This alteration left the pulpit in the middle of the floor, with
galleries and pews behind it, and was allowed to remain so until 1801.

 

Tristram Jordan, Esq., of Saco; and a fifth died unmarried at Cape Elizabeth.
He lost five of his family by the throat distemper, a prevailing epidemic, in one
week in September, 1738. He was the seventh son of James Allen of Martha’s
Vineyard, and was born in 1682. His wife was Abiah Mayhew of the same
Island.
384 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in whom the fires of the old faith and discipline of Knox still
freshly burned. They seemed to have concurred in the settle-
ment of Mr. Allen, probably because they were not able to
support public worship after their accustomed mode, and were
too religiously disposed to dispense with the ordinances of re-
gion. They had occasionally a minister of their own per-
suasion visit them. Mr. Henry and Mr. Rutherford were
among these. This class of religionists was quite common at
that early day in this state, especially between the Penobscot
and Kennebec rivers. In 1734 the Rev. Wm. McClanathan, or
as he is elsewhere called Macclanaghan, was invited to preach
at Georgetown by thirty-nine male Presbyterian church mem-
bers, being a majority of that church, and he officiated there,
though not without much opposition for several years. Rev.
Alexander Boyd, a young Scotch minister, afterward preached
there, and in 1754 was ordained over a church of the same
denomination in Newcastle. General Waldo, in 1735, pro-
cured a considerable colony from the north of Ireland of per-
sons of Scotch descent, who joining others previously settled
in that country, occupied the town of Warren and adjacent
territory. Among these were prominent men, whose descend-
ants have contributed largely to improve and adorn our state:
North, Patterson, Howard, McLean, Killpatrick, Spear, Morri-
son, Starrett, are some of the names familiar in our history.
These with the emigrants whom Gov. Dunbar of Pemaquid
invited in 1730 to occupy vacant land in his government, the
McCobbs, McClintocks, Campbell, Montgomery, Huston, Cald-
well, McFarland, and others, formed a majority of the settlers in
that region, and gave a strict sectarian character to that mode
of church government. Rev. Robert Rutherford was long
their minister, and so was Alexander McLean, sent to them
by Dr. Witherspoon of Princeton College. Rev. Robert Dun-
lap from Antrim, settled in Brunswick. Rev. John Urquhart
from North Britain, settled at Warren, afterward at Ellsworth.
Thomas Pierce in 1762 at Scarborough. The distinguished
PRESBYTERIANISM IN PURPOODUCK PARISH. 3885

and eloquent John Murray at Boothbay, afterward at New-
buryport, and the eccentric Nathaniel Whittaker, at Canaan.
Samuel Perley at Gray, and Mr. Strickland at Turner, and then
in Andover, show a Presbyterian force and influence in this
State which must surprise the present generation that looks in
vain for a single parish of the disciples of Knox now within
our territory.

This sectarian feeling manifested itself in the Purpooduck
parish at times with great violence. We have not all the par-
ticulars which are necessary to a clear understanding of the
periods and force of its manifestation, for there are no records
of that parish for the first twenty years of its existence, and
but imperfect ones afterward. We gather something from
the Rev. Mr. Smith’s Journal, but an unfortunate error in
dates leaves us perplexed. He says under date of May 29,
1739, “I went over to Mr. Allen’s: met the ministers on the
affairs of the Irish :”’ again, November 15, 1739, ““Mr. McClan-
athan installed: I had a clash with him.’’ Mr. Macclana-
ghan was from the north of Ireland; he was a man of great
ardor of temperament, which occasionally involved him in
trouble. He seems to have been unstable and unreliable.
His ministry was short in Georgetown, and still shorter in
Cape Elizabeth. In 1742 we find him again in Georgetown,
and in 1746 he was chaplain to Brigadier Waldo’s regiment
in the expedition to the Bay of Fandy, from which he re- —
turned to Boston in February, 1747. The next year he was
preaching at Chelsea, and was invited to settle there, to
which there was considerable opposition. One of the dissen-

‘tients wrote to Rev. Mr. Smith in August, 1748, forsome ac-
count of him, saying, “that after all my inquiries into his
character, to me it still appears bad.” About 1754 he became
a convert to the church of England, and was sent by the
society for propagating the gospel, a missionary to Georgetown,
Dresden, and neighboring places on the eastern frontier. He
arrived in Kennebec in May, 1756, and established himself at
386 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Richmond. In 1758 he moved to Pennsylvania, was settled
over a society in Philadelphia, and we hear no more of him in
Maine.

On the death of Mr. Allen in 1754, new troubles occurred
in that society in supplying his place. Elizur Holyoke, who
graduated at Harvard College in 1750, preached there on pro-
bation; the church by a majority of one, and the.society by a
majority of two votes, invited him to be their pastor. But he
not being militant enough to accept the call, William Went-
worth and a number of others petitioned the General Court
for a division of the parish, which was unsuccessful, and “the
parish was in a sad situation, dismally divided and quarrel-
ing.”' In the midst of this confusion the Rev. Ephraim

' Clark came among them to preach and so great was the interest
taken in the neighboring parish, that several people went from
this side to hear him.? Notwithstanding a very powerful oppo-
sition, he was invited to settle there and accepted the call, but
the objections to him were urged so strongly that the council
first called did not think proper to recommend him for instal-
lation. A new and grand council consisting of fifteen churches
was then summoned, which met in July, and which after three
days of “close hot work” as Mr. Smith says, arrived at the
same conclusion by a vote of twenty-three to eighteen “and
two neuters.”” This result was not submitted to by Mr. Clark’s
friends and he continued to preach. The opposition now pro-
ceeded to most unwarrantable lengths to prevent Mr. Clark’s
settlement and attempted to ruin his reputation ; they entered

a complaint against him for lying, which was submitted toa _

jury who acquitted him.? The trial was one of deep interest

1 Smith’s Journal, December 15, 1754. Mr. Holyoke was subsequently settled
in Boxford, Massachusetts, married a Peabody of that place. He was librarian
of Harvard College, 1757-58, and died in 1806.

2 He had lately been dismissed from the pastoral care of a church in Boston.

3“Our justices are at work, contriving to take Mr. Clark in hand.” “Things
are in a sad toss about Mr. Clark.”—Smith’s Jowrnal, August 14 and 18, 1756.
PURPOODUCK PARISH——REV. EPHRAIM CLARK. 387

and “thousands of people were present.” His friends in this
emergency did not abandon him and after repeated disappoint-
ments in procuring persons to install him, and the practice of
unusual intolerance, they finally succeeded, and the ceremony
was performed in Mr. Simonton’s orchard at Purpooduck,
May 21, 1756.! Colonel Ezekiel Cushing, who was one of the
leaders of the opposition, and several others were set off to the
first parish where they afterward attended. The difficulty did
not cease here, so deep rooted was resentment on the oc-
casion, that it was even supposed an attempt had been made
to poison Mr. Clark, which very much increased the excitement
already sufficiently high.2 Twenty-four members of the parish
refusing to pay their rates were committed to jail, and the
ministers in the neighborhood kept a private fast on occasion
of these contentions.

It was a long time before quiet in that parish was restored,
but it at length subsided and Col. Cushing just previous to his
death in 1765, petitioned the General Court and was restored
to that precinct. No greater practical illustration can be given
of the folly of this intense agitation than this fact, that the
very leader of the disaffected, should in so short a time, sit
quietly down under the preaching of the man whom he had
persecuted almost unto death. It is more easy to trace the
effect of this quarrel than to discover at this late day its cause.
The little objects which arouse the passions in the excitements
of party are often lost sight of in the whirlwind they produce.
That they could not be of magnitude, is evident from the fact

11756, January 20. Clark’s messengers returned, not being able to get in-
stallers.” May 3. ‘Mr. Clark set out once more to get installers.” May 20.
“There is a great bustle again at Purpooduck; Jonathan Rogers and the Cleave-
lands are come there to install Mr. Clark, who spent to-day in mock council.
Many of our people went over, and (21) this afternoon installed him in Simon-
ton’s orchard.”—Smzth’s Journal,

21756, June 17. A terrible uproar about Mr. Clark’s being poisoned by Mr.

Lovit.”
388 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

that Mr. Clark continued to officiate to the people there for
forty years without any impeachment of his character. We
have been able to find no other cause for this mighty stir than
that it was objected to Mr. Clark that he was a man of small
talents and those not cultivated by a liberal education. The
opinion of the council which was given by a majority of only
three, may have turned on the expediency of a settlement
against so strong an opposition. Mr. Clark died December 11,
1797, without issue, leaving behind him the reputation of piety
and sincerity.

Notwithstanding the separation of the Purpooduck people,
the first parish had increased so rapidly, that an inconvenience
soon began to be felt from the narrow dimensions of the meet-
ing-house.! As early as February, 1737, a few members of
the society met together to concert measures for a new house,
and the prayers of their respected pastor were invoked on the
occasion. The parish as a body would not engage in the un-
dertaking, but so determined were some public spirited indi-
viduals to accomplish the work, that they advanced their own
funds and erected a large and convenient house on the lot
where the stone meeting-house now stands. ‘They had to
encounter a severe opposition, arising partly from the local
situation they had chosen for the house and partly from an ap-
prehension of the expense. It was indeed remote, and con-
tinued for many years beyond the center of population on the

'June 20, 1736. Mr. Smith says, “Our meeting-house is not large enough
when there are strangers.”

2 There were but few houses above the meeting-house when it was built; on
Main street there were but two, viz., Knapp’s, where Casco street is, and
Joshua Brackett’s, opposite the head of High street; Capt. B. Larrabee’s stood
at the junction of Federal with Middle street; three or four on Fore street, and
Anthony Brackett’s in the field, where Brackett street now enters Danforth
street; these were all that were above it, and the houses below were few and
scattered, except on India street, ;
FIRST PARISH—-NEW MEETING-HOUSE. 3889

Neck, and during the winter seasons, which were vastly more
severe than any we now have, the roads leading to it were often
so blocked up with snow even so late as 1765, that the people
were unable to get to meeting.!

Beside the inhabitants on India street and in that neigh-
borhood were attached to the old house, and the spot on which
it stood, by usage and association, and were unwilling that any
change should be made. The subscribers to the new house,
however, pursued a steady course against all opposition and had
the building ready for use in July, 1740. It was then offered
to the society, and a parish meeting was held July 17, to take
the subject into consideration: they adjourned one hour to
view the house, and on re-assembling, after “a sad opposition,”
a small majority adopted the following vote: ‘Voted, that the
new meeting-house on the Neck in the first parish in Falmouth,
be a parish-house forever, reserving to the proprietors that
built said house the pews on the lower floor, and privilege of
building one tier of pews round the back side of the galleries ;
said pews to be six feet wide; the remainder of said parish
to have the privilege of the seats below and the seats in the
galleries, provided that the {proprietors that built said house
build the seats in the galleries at their own cost and charge,
so that the parish be at no cost and charge, for the same or
any part of said house as it now stands, excepting any person
or persons that have not paid any thing towards said house,
see cause to subscribe and take a privilege in said house.” It
was also voted that Mr. Smith be notified that the parish had
accepted said house and to “desire him to preach in it next

11757, February 6. ‘The snow was so deep in drifts that there was no pos-
sibility of getting to the meeting-house ; we met and had one meeting at the
court-house.” 1762, February 11. “There is no passing from the wind-mill
to the meeting-house.’—Smith’s Journal, In 1747 the church voted “to suspend
the celebration of the Lord’s Supper during the three winter months, because of
the cold weather and inconveniences,”—Church Records.
390 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Lord’s Day.” This was accordingly done, and public worship
was celebrated in it for the first time July 20, 1740."

Weconfess that we do not understand the terms on which the
parish obtained the meeting-house contained in the preceding
vote; the probability is that the floor of the house was not
wholly occupied by pews and that the proprietors had reserved
to themselves those which had been built, the sales of which
were to defray their expenses. The house was small and by
no means of an expensive kind; it had no porches, and the
interior as well as part of the exterior remained unfinished ;
the western end was not clapboarded until 1756, and it was
not painted until after the revolution. Those who remember the
appearance of the building removed in 1825, to make way for
the stone house, may form some idea of its size and appearance,
if they strip it of its steeple and porches and reduce its length
twenty-four feet.2 The engraving contained in this volume is
a very accurate view of the building just previous to its being
removed.

Notwithstanding the humble pretensions of the new building,
the transition from the old house was one of comfort and con-

1 The following protest against the acceptance of the meeting-house was signed
and entered upon the record: ‘Falmouth, July 17, 1740. To the moderator of
a meeting in the first precinct or parish in Falmouth, now met; we, the subseri-
bers whose names are underwritten enter our dissent and declaration against
the warning of this meeting, or any action or vote proceeding from it. 1st. Be-
cause the parish hath never empowered any person to build a meeting-house for
them, therefore could have no vote in the business, manner of finishing nor price
of the same. 2d. Because the warning of this meeting is not legal: We there-
fore demand that this our dissent be forthwith entered on the above said parish’s

book of record”—signed Nathan’l Jones and twenty-one others, most of whom
lived at New Casco.

2 The lot on which the meeting-house was built was one hundred and twenty-
two feet on “Back street” and one hundred and forty feet deep, and was part
of the three acre lot granted, in 1721, to Major Samuel Moody. June 22, 17388,
his three children, Joshua, Samuel, and Mary Mountfort, conveyed it ‘to the
society for building a meeting-house in the first parish in Falmouth, * * to each

of them in proportion according to the respective sums they pay toward build-
ing said meeting-house.”
FIRST PARISH—MEETING-HOUSE. 391

venience, and the parish went on gradually for nearly eighty
years improving its character in these particulars, and making
it comport with the advancement of society. In 1758 a bell
was procured from England, which weighed eight hundred
pounds, and cost one hundred and twenty-three pounds four-
teen shillings and two pence, lawful money, and was put up
on a frame separate from the meeting-house in July.!’ In 1759
the parish voted to enlarge the house and build a steeple. In
that year the house was altered in pursuance of a plan submitted
by Simon Gookin and others in 1753, by sawing it through on
both sides of the pulpit, and removing each end twelve feet ;
this improvement gave an addition of twenty-eight pews on the
lower floor, and was done at the expense of subscribers to the
new pews. In 1760 the tower was raised and finished; and
- the next year it was crowned by the tall spire, which survived
the rude shocks of time and war, until it was made to bow to
the progress of modern improvement in 1825. In 1762 the
frame on which the bell had been suspended was moved to the
eastern end of the house and formed the porch, and thus was
the fabric at last put into the condition, with the exception of
paint, in which it remained to our day.

The old meeting-house, after the acceptance of the new one,
was used for town and parish meetings, occasionally occupied
a few times for preaching, and after the courts were established
here, for a court house; in a few years it exchanged its name
from the “old meeting-house” to the town house. It was moved
in the spring of 1774 to Hampshire street, near the entrance
into Congress street where it perished in the conflagration of
the next year.

While these improvements were making in the accommoda-
tions for public worship, the parish was making progress in its

1 There was great opposition to the bell, particularly by persons who lived off
the Neck beyond its sound; they threatened never to come to meeting, and
talked of being set off as a separate parish.—Smith’s Journal.
”

392 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

moral power. Mr. Smith was a popular and an effectual
preacher ; and although his mind was occasionally depressed
by hypochondria, he was generally cheerful, entering zealously
into the work in which his heart was ardently engaged.

In 1740 a great excitement in favor of religion took place
throughout the country, producing a revival. Mr. Smith was
deeply interested in it; in December, 1741, he went to Ports-
mouth “to observe and affect himself” as he says, ‘‘with the
great work of God’s grace.” On his return he probably com-
municated to his people some of the ardor which he acquired
amidst the scenes he had witnessed. On the 29th of January,

1742, he “preached a lecture at Mr. Frost’s where the work

broke out,’’! and the next Sunday he exclaimed in the fulness.
of his feelings, “the blessedest Sabbath Falmouth ever saw.”
In the May following he says, “he rode to Black Point, and
with Mr. Allen carried on a fast which was to pray for the revi-
val of the great work.’? A great difference of opinion existed
at that day on the expediency of these revivals, both among min-
isters and the people; the opposition thought they were the
mere results of enthusiasm, and productive of more evil than
good. In the annual convention of ministers which assembled
in Boston, in May, 1748, a majority was found to be opposed
to them; they were styled disorders, and a vote was obtained
against them. This caused a great ferment on the other side
and party spirit was in a high degree virulent and _ bitter.
Those who were favorable to revivals called a convention of
their friends in Boston in July, 1748, at which ninety minis-
ters were present, and they brought the attestations of thirty
more, who gave their unanimous testimony to their belief in
the heavenly origin and salutary influence of the excitement

1 Mr. Frost lived on the bank this side of Stroudwater bridge.

?In order to show the great fluctuation of the good man’s feelings, I quote
from his diary in January following. “I have been in a poor distracted frame
this and the three preceding Sabbaths ; lost all courage and ready to give up.”
FIRST PARISH—-REV. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. 393

which was then prevailing over the land. Mr. Smith was pres-
ent at this convention and took with him the concurring testi-
mony of the pastors of the churches at Purpooduck, Scarbor-
ough, Wells, Arundel, North Yarmouth, and Biddeford.

The impulse to this excited state of the public mind, was first —
given in this country by Mr. Whitefield, who came to Boston
in 1740, and who by his impassioned eloquence and enthusias-
tic manner, drew larger audiences than have ever been collected
by any other preacher. On his first visit to New England he
did not come into Maine, but in 1744 he arrived at York,
and his coming was the signal of uneasiness in the principal
parishes of our State.? It became a matter of serious consid-
eration among the ministers, whether it was prudent to invite
him to their pulpits, so great was the opposition to him in the
different congregations. In the course of the spring however,
of 1745, this distinguished preacher went as far east as North
Yarmouth and preached in every pulpit on the way in this
State; and notwithstanding great opposition, the crowds which
flocked to hear him were as large in proportion to the popula-
tion as in other parts of the country. He first preached for
Mr. Smith on Saturday, March 23, “multitudes flocking from
Purpooduck and elsewhere,” and again the following Monday
afternoon, when, Mr. Smith says ‘all the opposers were at
meeting but the two Noices.’”” He does not appear to have
preached for Mr. Smith on Sunday; he spent a week in the
neighborhood preaching every day, and left this part of the
country in the latter part of March. The most influential men

1 Smith’s Journal. Dr. Colman of Boston presided in the convention assisted
by Dr. Sewall of Boston.

2 October 31.1744. “Mr. Pearson came to see me, to oppose Mr. Whitefield’s
coming here. The parish are like to be in a flame on account of Mr. Whitefild’s
coming, the leading men violently opposing.” —Smith’s Journal.

2“Ministers’ meeting relating to Mr. Whitefield; present, Messrs Thompson,
(Scarborough,) Jefferds, (Wells,) Hovey, (Arundell,) Morrill, (Biddeford,) and
myself; had much of uneasiness.”—Smith’s Journal, February 13, 1745.

26
394 _HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in town opposed his coming here, as Moses Pearson, Capt.
Waite, Henry Wheeler, Joshua Moody, Enoch Freeman, and
others, all of whom happened to be absent at the time of Mr.
Whitefield’s arrival, so that the harmony of the society was
not essentially disturbed.!

It is evident from Mr. Smith’s Journal that he caught some
new fire from Mr. Whitefield’s enthusiasm, which he exhibited
in his performances: he notices it himself soon after Mr.
Whitefield went away, in the following manner: “ For several
Sabbaths and the lecture I have been all in a blaze, never in
such a flame; and what I would attend to is, that it was not
only involuntary but actually determined against—I went to
meeting determined to be calm and moderate lest people should
think it was wildness and affectation to ape Mr. Whitefield.?

1 Mr. Smith says, ‘the opposition to him among our leading men except Mr.
Frost was violent,” and ‘“unwearied pains taken to prejudice the people against
him,” “but “they were all out of town, so that there was no uneasiness, but all
well and a general reception, thanks to God.” A few days after he observes,
“Mr. Waite returned, so that the parish is in a buzz about Mr. Whitefield.”

2 From this excited state of feeling Mr. Smith passed soon into the opposite
extreme ; in November following, he spoke of himself and his congregation in his
despondency, as a dead minister and a dead people, and prayed that God would
set a man over them that would do them service.

Rev. George Whitefield was born in Gloucester, England, December, 1714, and
educated at Oxford University. He first came to this country in 1738, as minis-
ter of Frederica in Georgia. He weut back the same year for priest’s orders,
and returning arrived at Philadelphia, November 2, 1739, where he preached
every day in the week to crowded audiences, until November 12, when he went
to New York, to which place his fame had preceded him. There, also, vast
multitudes attended upon his preaching, which on account of the crowd, was
often in the open fields. Wherever he went, the whole people followed him, and
the country was in the highest degree excited. In 1740 he came to Boston, and
was favorably received by the ministers there. Dr. Princ2 and Dr. Sewall of the
South Church, and Dr. Colman and Mr. Cooper of Brattle Street, with other min-
isters and gentleman immediately called upon him, and the next day he preach-
ed, by invitation, in Brattle Street Church to more than two thousand persons.
The impression he made in Boston, was not inferior to that in other places, and
a universal sensation was produced not only there, but throughout the land in
favor’ of religion and piety. In 1744 he visited this country again, having ar-
FIRST PARISH—-REY. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. 395

The preaching of this distinguished minister did not produce
such striking results here as it did in many other places. In
1745 there were but two admissions to the first church, which
then, it will be recollected, embraced the whole town except
the Purpooduck district. The excitement which had been ex-
ceedingly high in 1742, here, as well as all over the country,
had utterly gone down, whether from the natural consequence
of overwrought action or that the flame was not sufficiently

 

rived at York in this State in October. On this occasion, his popularity was not
diminished, but he preached with the same power and effect which had attended
his former career, both ministers and their people flocking to hear him. At this
time, Mr. Whitefield was not thirty-one years old, and yet he had acquired a
reputation and influence surpassing that of any man in his profession, who has
ever appeared in this country; and it would seem from cotemporary evidence
that this was not undeserved or of a mere temporary nature. He received the
favorable testimony of the most able ministers in the country; Dr. Colman and
Mr. Cooper of Boston, men of sound and discriminatimg judgment, thus speak
of him in 1740: “He is the wonder of the age; and no man more employs the
pens and fills up the conversation of people than he does at this day; none more
admired and applauded by some, contemned and reproached by others; the
common lot of the most excellent men the world has had to show !”—( Christ.
Hist, 1744, 366.) Another writer in the New England Journal of 1740, who
went to hear him in New York, and who believed that some enthusiasm might
have mixed itself with his piety, and that his zeal might have exceeded his knowl-
edge, thus describes him : “‘He is a man of a middle stature, of a slender body,
of a fair complexion, and of a comely appearance. He is of sprightly, cheer-
ful temper, acts and moves with great agility and life, The endowments of his
mind are very uncommon ; his wit is quick and piercing, his imagination lively
and florid, and as far as I can discern, both are under the direction of an exact
and solid judgment. He has a most ready memory, and I think speaks entirely
without notes. He has a clear and musical voice and a wonderful command of
it. He uses much gesture, but with great propriety; every accent of his voice,
every motion of his body, are both natural and unaffected. If his delivery is the
product of art, ’tis certainly the perfection of it.”

Mr. Whitefield’s labors were chiefly confined to the province of Georgia, to
whose religious and benevolent institutions he was a distinguished support. He
died on a tour of the eastern provinces, at Newburyport, September 30, 1770,
aged fifty-six.

For further particulars relating to Mr. Whitefield—his religious doctrine—the
effect of his preaching with the opposition to him, see notes to Smith’s Journal,
2d edition, page 104.
396 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

fanned, we are not able to determine. In 1742 there were
forty-eight admissions to the church, being more than ever took
place before or since in any one year, of which sixteen were on
one day in May, and thirteen on one day in August. In 1743
there were but five admissions; in 1744, fourteen; in 1747
there was no admission except of two persons received from
another church. During the twelve years from 1737 to 1748
inclusive, with the exception of 1742, the average number of
members admitted to the church was but five a year, which
shows the extraordinary excitement of that peculiar year.!
The inhabitants. on the eastern side of the Presumpscot river
had always found a great inconvenience, as may well be con-
ceived, in attending meeting on the Neck, especially in winter.
As early as 1740, an article was inserted in a warrant for call-
ing a parish meeting on the subject of a separation ;? but
the people were not ready then for a change, and the article,
as was another on the same subject the next year dismissed.
The year following they made an ineffectual attempt to be
released from paying rates to Mr. Smith. The subject was
repeatedly brought before the parish in some shape or other
without effect until 1752, when a vigorous effort was made, and
a special meeting called, to accomplish the purpose. The first
article in the warrant was as follows: “To see whether or no
they will set them, the inhabitants of New Casco, off to be a
parish agreeable to the frame which is set up for a meeting-
house near James Wyman’s dwelling house, or so many as see
cause to join in settling a minister to preach the gospel, near
orat said place.”? This article was not adopted, but in pur-

‘In 1742 the number of inhabitants in the parish was about fifteen hundred.
In 1745 the polls were three hundred and five.

2 This was probably produced by the acceptance of the new house, and was
the result of their threat.

3 The place where this ‘frame was set up,” was near where tie road which
passes from the present meeting-house down to the bay, crosses Scitterygusset
Creek: the first meeting-house at New Casco, was erected there, and continued
to he the place of worship until the present house was built,
NEW CASCO PARISH. 897

suance of the second article it was voted “that the inhabitants
on the eastward of Presumpscot river have their parish rates
for this present year remitted to them so long as they have a
minister to preach the gospel among them.” The next year
a similar vote was passed, but this did not meet the wishes of
the people in that part of the town, who had increased to a
number sufficiently large to support a separate minister. In
September, 1753, Nathaniel Noyes, Ichabod Clark, and fifty
others, petitioned the General Court “to be set off as a distinct
parish.” The first parish assented to the prayer of the peti-
tioners, and having amicably agreed upon the division line, an
act of separation passed December 18, 1753.' David Mitchell,
who graduated at Harvard College in 1751, and Isaac Noles,
preached to the people of the new parish on probation, but at-
tempts to settle them were unsuccessful. In 1756 John Wis-
well, who had kept school in the first parish, and who had
occasionally preached among them, was invited to become their
pastor, and was ordained November 3d of that year.

In 1759 a movement was made for another dismemberment
of the old stock in favor of a fourth or the Stroudwater par-
ish. It was occasioned partly by an opposition which arose
in the parish against the expensive projects then in agitation
of procuring a bell, enlarging the meeting-house, and erecting
the steeple; and partly by a spirit of hostility to the “old par-
ish,” which began now to manifest itself, and which was after-
ward more fully developed in the establishment of a new
society in the midst of the old one. That some persons had
lost their interest in Mr. Smith cannot be doubted, and many
new settlers had come into town who were not attached to the

1 The division line was as follows: ,““Beginning at the North Yarmouth line
near the sea, and from thence running by the bay to Presumpscot river, and
thence up said river as far as the westerly side of Mr. James Winslow’s sixty
acre lot of land on which his dwelling-house stands, and from thence to runa
north-west line to the head of the township, including Macworth’s Island, Clap-
board Island, and Little Chebeag.” The number of families within these lines
at the time of the separation of the parish was sixty-two.
398 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

good old pastor by the associations of the past; the effect of
these circumstances was apparent in an opposition to an in-
crease of his salary, and in some attempts to procure another
preacher. The separation of the Stroudwater parish which
was urged by Samuel Waldo, although freely acceded to and
the dividing lines established, did not take place at this time.

And the opposition being unsuccessful in keeping down Mr.

Smith’s salary with a view probably to cause him to relinquish
preaching, set on foot subscriptions in 1763 for a new meeting-
house.!. In February, 1764, the subscribers met to arrange
their future proceedings; great excitement existed throughout
the parish: there was also a difference of opinion among the
opposition itself, which was carried to so great an extreme
that two of the most respectable of the members quarreled
and fought in the street. Mr. Smith significantly observes on
this occasion, “a foundation for a church was thus laid—the
pillars tremble !”? It resulted however not only in dismem-
berment of the parish, but in a separation of part of the peo-

ple from the Congregational order and their formation into an

Episcopalian society, the first which was ever organized upon
the Neck. This was not effected in perfect harmony and ap-
parently not in a pure zeal.

1The good old man thus expressed the sadness of his feelings on this occa-
sion—‘‘1763, September 11, Ihave been discouraged about my enemies, they
talk of a new meeting-house.” Again, “November 24. * * and * * are sending
about a subscription for a new meeting-house in favor of Mr. Wiswell.”

2Smith’s Journal. These were one of the Waites and Brigadier Preble. The
number of persons who subscribed for the new house in November, 1763, was
forty-one, among whom, James Hope, the Waite family, and Brigadier Preble,
were the principal members; James Hope died in 1765. His widow was living
in Bristol, England, in 1777. She did not come to this country with her husband,
who came from Devonshire in 1762. In his will made in 1765, she is not named.
She caused it to be set aside. The affair produced great excitement in town. —
See note to Smith’s Journal, p. 210.

3 The vote for adopting the forms of the Church of England, was passed July
23, 1764.
FIRST PARISH. * 399

The firm friends and supporters of the old parish, who were
the elderly people, most of the old standards, and a majority of
all who lived upon the Neck, in the hope of counteracting the
spirit of disunion which was prevailing, and of strengthening
the society in whose welfare they felt deeply interested, con-
ceived the idea of associating with their aged and respected
pastor, an able colleague, whose vigor and talents should sus-
tain the drooping fortunes of their parish. Not having been
successful at first on the abstract question of settling a col-
league, some of Mr. Smith’s friends procured Mr. Samuel
Deane, then tutor at Cambridge, a young man of high repu-
tation as a scholar and preacher, to come here. He preached
several Sabbaths in May and June, 1764, and so well satisfied
were the people with him, that in July the church invited him,
by an unanimous vote, to settle among them as colleague with
Mr. Smith, in which the parish concurred by a large majority."

This measure however, so far from uniting the disjointed
members of the society, produced a wider breach. The sub-
scribers to the new meeting-house and the Stroudwater people
made common cause in resisting the invitation to Mr. Deane,
and when they found they could not succeed, their opposition
took a more definite character, and within a week after the
vote was adopted to call Mr. Deane, the one branch declared
for the Church of England, and the other resolved to procure
a separate minister for the fourth parish.2 They each carried
their resolution into effect, and although the determination of
the church people was sudden and somewhat unexpected, they
executed their plans with great rapidity: as early as Septem-
ber following, the corner stone of their house was laid and the
building was completed the next season? In 1764 Mr. Wis-

1 The parish voted him one hundred and thirty three pounds six shillings and

eight pence, lawful money, for a settlement, and one hundred pounds salary.
2Smith’s Journal.
3 The church was erected fifty feet long and ‘twenty-nine high, on the corner

of Church and Middle streets, where a brick block of two houses now stands; it
was finished with a tower, in which a bell was placed. The following is a list
400 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

well of the New Casco parish, to whom the seceders from the
old parish had for some time been paying court, suddenly left
his people without the usual formalities, declared for the Church
of England, and in August accepted a call from the new soci-
ety to be their minister... He preached in the town-house
several Sabbaths, when in October he proceeded to England

'“August 31, 1764. There is a sad uproar about Wiswell, who has declared
for the church, and accepted of the call our churchmen have given him to be
their minister.” —Smith’s Journal. They voted him one hundred pounds lawful

money a year.

 

of persons who attended the church in 1765, and were taxed there:

Armstrong, Jonathan
Bradbury, John
Bagley, Benjamin
Bishop, George
Berry, Samuel
Baker, Josiah
Cunningham, Patrick
Craft, Jonathan
Child, Thomas
Cobham, John
Cooper, Simon
Cook, John
Curwin, Nicholas
Eldrige, Joshua
Eayre, Joshua
Fernald, Peletiah
Preble, Jedediah
Pool, Abijab
Pettingil, Daniel
Proctor, Benjamin,
Pollow, Joseph
Riggs, Josiah
Riggs, Joseph
Ross, James
Rollin, Thomas
Savage, Arthur
Sawyer, Stephen
Swett, Joseph

Green, John
Green, Samuel
Green William
Godson, Richard
Gooding, Hannah
Gage, Widow
Hustin, William
Hanse, John
Haden, John
Isley, Daniel
Jenkins, Robert
Knight, Benjamin
Kelley, Christopher
Kent, John
Lumbar, Jedediah
Lowther, John
Simmons
Sertain, John
Sheperd, John
Sterling, Richard
Tuckfield, Thomas
Thurlow, John
Thomes, Morris
Wiswel, William
Waite, Benjamin
Waite, John, Jr.
Waite, Stephen
Waite, Isaac

 

Lawrence, Joshua
M’Curdey, Charles
McLellan, Robert
McLellan, Joseph
Motley, John
Morse, Joseph
Mountfort, Edmund
Mountfort, Samuel
Minot, John
Newman, Michael
Oxnard, Thomas
Osgood, Abram
Owen, Samuel
Oulten, Anna
Page, Lemuel
Purrinton, James
Waterhouse, William
Waterhouse, Jacob
Waldo, Samuel
Waldo, Francis
Waters, Daniel
Whitney, Moses
Wells, Joseph
Woodman, Stephen
Watts, Edward
Wyer, David
Wyer, Thomas
EPISCOPAL SOCIETY. 401

to procure ordination, according to the established forms of the
Episcopal church.'

1The connection between Mr. Wiswell and the seceders, was produced by
their going to hear him on Sunday, after they became disaffected toward the
first parish. After Mr. Wiswell went to England, they used to goto Stroudwater
to hear Mr. Browne. Mr. Wiswell returned in May, 1765. In J uly, 1766, he
wrote to the society in England, for propagating the gospel, that his congrega-
tion had increased to seventy families, who constantly attended public worship ,
together with a considerable number of strangers; that from May, 1765, to July,
1766, he had baptized one adult and twenty-seven children, two of whom were
blacks, and had twenty-one communicants.—Proc. of the Socety, 1767. He re-
ceived from this society twenty pounds as a missionary, the rest of his salary
was made up by his people. As the law stood at that time, the seceders were
obliged to pay taxes to the first parish, but by a vote of the parish in 1772, the
amount raised upon the church people was regularly paid over to Mr. Wiswell.
In 1770 it was seventy-one pounds seventeen shillings and two pence; 1771,
eighty-five pounds fourteen shillings and three pence; 1772, eighty-one pounds
one shilling and three pence; 1774, one hundred and nine pounds six shillings and
nine pence. In 1765 there were fifty-eight churchmen included in the bills of
the first parish, whose tax amounted to forty-three pounds seven shillings and
ten pence. The first subscription for this new society was in the following
words.

“Falmouth, November 4, 1763. Whereas the inhabitants on the Neck are be-
come so numerous as to render it inconvenient to meet in one house for public
worship, for the better accommodation of all the inhabitants, it is proposed to
build another house for divine service between Major Freeman’s and the house
improved as a school-house. We therefore the underwritten, oblige ourseives,
our heirs and assigns to pay the respective sums affixed to our names to the per-
son or persons appointed to receive the money toward building a convenient
meeting-house, Provided, 1st, Said meeting-house be made fit to meet in, at or
bef re the last Lord’s Day in June, 1764. 2d, That the subscribers have the
first choice of pews in this order, the largest subscriber choosing first. 3d, That
if the Rev. John Wiswell, pastor of the third parish of this town, should leave
his people, he be invited to settle as a minister in said meeting-house. John Waite,
Jr., twenty-six pounds thirteen shillings and four pence; Benjamin Waite, forty
pounds; Daniel Ilsley, thirteen pounds six shillings and eight pence; Jedediah
Preble, Jr., twenty pounds; Isaac Ilsley, in work, twenty pounds; Jonathan Is-
ley, in work, thirteen pounds ten shillings; Jedediah Preble, thirty pounds; John
Motley, in work, ten pounds, and numerous others in various sums, as low as
two pounds eight shillings. The Congregational form of worship was intended
by the proprietors, but July 13, 1764, it was voted to adopt the Episcopal form
of worship, and September 4, 1764, they gave the Rev. John Wiswell a call as
402 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In March, 1765, the Stroudwater parish was incorporated,
and on the 21st of August the Rev. Thomas Browne, who had
been preaching there several months, was regularly installed.’

These events transpiring so rapidly and being of a singular
character, produced, as may well be imagined in so small a
community, the utmost excitement. But while they tended
to occasion much unhappy feeling they knit the remaining
friends of the first parish more closely together, so that the
settlement of Mr. Deane which seemed to threaten a dissolu-
tion of the society, gave to.it more unity and strength. When
Mr. Smith, who had now attained his sixty-third year, saw the
bitter spirit of opposition fall harmless from his beloved peo-
ple, and that they rallied around him and his colleague with
more zeal and friendship than ever, his heart, which had
drooped under the trials that had surrounded him, revived
and swelled with joy. “A great day this!” exclaimed the
good old man at the sight of a full meeting, notwithstanding
Mr. Hooper of Boston, preached to the new church people.
He rejoiced that his society still sustained itself, amidst the
great divisions, and despite the unwearied efforts that had
been made against it. The day at length arrived for the ordi-
nation of Mr. Deane, and he was solemnly inducted into the

1 Mr. Browne graduated at Harvard College, 1752, and had been settled in
Marshfield, from which he had lately been dismissed. He continued in the pas-
toral charge over the church and society in Stroudwater until his death in 1797.
The meeting-house now standing on the Capisic road, belonging to the fourth
parish, was not built until 1774. Since that, the old meeting-house has under-
gone an entire change.

 

follows, “We do invite you to accept the pastoral charge over us, and in order

thereto,we desire you would, as soon as may be apply, to his lordship the Bishop,

for ordination, to qualify you therefor; and we do hereby promise to pay you

one hundred pounds per annum, to commence at the time of your ordination.”
May 6, 1765, James Hope was sent to Boston to get aid for the church.
FIRST PARISH—REV. MR. DEANE. 403

sacred office the 17th of October, 1764, in the presence of a
vast collection of people.!

The church people felt severely the oppressive obligation
which rested upon them, not only of supporting their own min-
ister, but of contributing to the support of the ministers of the
first parish. In 1765, when party zeal was at a high point, the
first parish refused to excuse them from paying toward the set-
tlementand salary of Mr. Deane, and in 1770 they preferred a
petition to the General Oourt to authorize that parish to omit
taxing them. The other party not consenting to this prayer
it did not succeed; but in 1772 the collector was directed
by the parish to pay back to those persons the amount he
should collect of them deducting only the expense of collect-
tion. In 1773 the amount raised by the parish was three hun-
dred and sixty pounds lawful, of which the proportion assessed
on those who attended the church, was eighty pounds or two-
ninths of the whole. Both parties were at length desirous of
procuring some relief to the members of the church from this
legal obligation without a relative benefit, and in the latter
year a committee of conference was selected from each party
in a spirit of amity, which was willing to forget former asperi-
ties and to remove existing difficulties. The conference re-
sulted in a united petition to the General Court, which in
pursuance of the application, exempted the members of the
Episcopal Church from any further contribation to the first
parish. Thus terminated an unhappy quarrel, which for sev-
eral years had disturbed the peace of the inhabitants on the
Neck, and had scattered the bitter fruits: of dissension and

1 Rev. Mr. Adams prayed, Mr. Merriam preached, Mr. Morrill prayed, the sen-
ior pastor gave the charge, Mr. Peter Smith the fellowship of the churches, and
Mr. Woodward closed with prayer. Mr. Adams was probably the Rev. Amos,
of Roxbury. Mr. Merriam was Jonas, of Newton. Peter Smith was of Wind-
ham, son of the pastor. Mr. Morrill was from Biddeford, and Mr. Woodward
from Weston.
404 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

division in its little neighborhood ; both societies now moved
on in quietness to the eve of the revolution.’

At the time of the revolution, the only religious societies on
the Neck were the First Parish and the Episcopal Church; in
the other parts of the territory of ancient Falmouth there were
three flourishing churches with regularly ordained preachers,
viz.: Mr. Clark and Mr. Browne, in the Purpooduck and Stroud-
water parishes, and in New Casco, Rev. Ebenezer Williams, who
had succeeded Mr Wiswell.2 Beside these, there was a society
of Quakers, which held regular meetings according to the es-
tablished usages of their sect. —

The first meeting for worship which was set up by the Friends
or Quakers in this State was in that part of Kittery now
called Elliott, in 1730, and from the seed there sowed, they
spread into different parts of the State.? Some indication of
their increase and of the serious alarm it occasioned, is given
in the fact, that the first church in this town kept a fast in
1740, “on account of the spread of Quakerism,” at which all
the ministers in the western part of the State attended. In

1 The next year after the settlement of Mr. Deane, the singers who used to sit
below, were moved into the gallery, and in 1769, the scriptures, at the request
of the church, were read for the first time as part of the regular services of the
Sabbath.—Deane’s Diary. In 1756 twenty-five pounds were raised to purchase
Tate and Brady’s Psalm Book, with the tunes annexed.

2Mr. Williams graduated at Harvard College, 1760, and was settled Novem-
ber 6, 1765; he continued the faithful pastor of this flock until his death in
1799.

3 There had been two transient meetings prior to this, the first in York, De-
cember, 1662, by three’women who had been whipped and expelled from Dover,
N. H., and soon after, another was held in Berwick.

4 July 30, 1740. ‘The church kept a day of fasting and prayer on account of
the spread of Quakerism. Mr. Jeffrey and myself prayed A.M. Mr. Thompson
preached. Mr. Allen and Mr Lord prayed, and Mr. Willard preached P. M.”—
Smith's Journal. Judge Sewall in his diary gives an account of the Hoegs of
Newbury, who in 1711 became Quakers. In 1714 a fast was held in Newbury,
on account of the spread of that ‘“‘pestilent heresy.”—Cofin. Descendants of
these young Hoegs visited our town in 1830, and by their venerable appearance,
QUAKERS. 405

1742 a meeting was held in Berwick and the same year they
appeared here, the singularity of their dress and manners
which were more strongly marked than they are at present,
attracting universal attention.! In 1748 a few families in
Falmouth had adopted the opinions of that sect and a meeting
for worship was then first established in town. James Wins-
low was the first of our inhabitants who joined that society.
He came from Plymouth colony before 1728, and is the ances-
tor of the numerous family which then as now lent a most im-
portant support to the doctrines of that respectable people in
this neighborhood. In August, 1743, Benjamin Ingersoll ‘‘de-
sired to be taken under the care of the meeting,” and in less
than a year after, we find Nathan Winslow and Enoch Knight
of Falmouth, members. In May, 1751, a monthly meeting
was established for the Friends in Falmouth and Harpswell ;
the male members of which were James Winslow, James God-
dard and Benjamin Winslow of Falmouth, and Edward Estes,
Thomas Jones, Ebenezer Pinkham, and Lemuel Jones from
Harpswell.

Accessions were made continually to the society from among
the people here, particularly from that part of Falmouth in
which James Winslow resided ;? preachers from abroad occa-
sionally visited and aroused the people, and some of their own
members too were early stimulated with zeal to spread their

1 July, 1742, Mr. Smith says, “‘many strange Quakers in town.”

2 James Winslow had a grant of land on Fall-cove brook, at Back Cove, to
erect a mill on, in 1728, but this falling within an ancient grant, he removed
before 1743 northerly to the Presumpscot river, near where its course is turned
southerly by Blackstrap Hill. He died respected, leaving a large posterity, in
1773. His children were Nathan, Benjamin, James, Job, two daughters, mar-
ried Hatevil Hall and James Torrey, who all joined the society of Friends
The privilege of Fall brook for a corn-mill, was voted to him in 1729.

 

and the unchanged simplicity of their dress, carried us back to the dark day
when their ancestors took their lives in their hands and ventured all things for
the faith, as they believed, once delivered to the saints.
406 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

religion. In 1759 certificates were granted to Patience Estes
and John Douglass “to travel on truth’s account,”’ and in Aug-
ust of the same year, Mary Curby from England, and Elizabeth
Smith from West Jersey, came here as traveling preachers.

In 1768 a meeting-house was built by subscription near the
Presumpscot river, in that part of the town which retains the
ancient name, forty feet long and thirty-two feet wide, on the
same spot where their first house, quite a small one, was erected
in 1752.! Previous to 1774, the Quakers had been required to
pay taxes for the support of the ministry in the first parish ;
but at the annual meeting in that year, perceiving the injus-
tice of compelling persons to contribute to the support of a
mode of worship from which they derived no benefit and
of which their consciences did not approve, they passed the
following vote: “Voted that the following professed Quakers,
living within the bounds of the parish be exempted from par-
ish rates the current year, viz: Benjamin Austin, Nathaniel
Abbott, Samuel Estes, James Goddard, Benjamin Gould, Solo-
mon Hanson, Robert Houston, Daniel Hall, Enoch Knight,
John Knight, John Morrill, Stephen Morrill, Jacob Morrill,
Elijah Pope, James Torrey, Ebenezer Winslow, Benjamin Wins-
low, Job Winslow, William Winslow, Oliver Winslow, John
Winslow, Samuel Winslow, and James Winslow.’ None of
these persons lived within the present limits of Portland, and

' The following names of the subscribers to the new house, will probably show
all the adult males belonging to the society in this vicinity, viz: Benjamin Wins-
low, Benjamin Ingersoll, Hatevil Hall, James Goddard, Enoch Knight, Stephen
Morrill, Samuel Winslow, Nathaniel Hawkes, James Torrey, Job Winslow, Elijah
Pope, John Robinson, Elisha Purington, Benjamin Winslow, Jr.,David Purington,
William Winslow, James Winslow, Nicholas Varney, Jacob Morrill, Elijah Han-
son, Jonathan Hanson, Benjamin Austin, Daniel Hall, Peletiah Allen, William
Hall, Nathan Winslow. Some of these lived in Windham.

2 A law was passed by Massachusetts, in 1757, exempting “Quakers and Ana-
baptists who allege a scruple of conscience,” from paying ministerial and parish
taxes; the necessity of the above vote of the parish we do not perceive unless it
was to designate the exempts,
QUAKERS. 407

it was not until several years after the revolution that a suffi-
cient number had gathered upon the Neck to constitute a sepa-
rate meeting for worship.' Liberty was first granted to them
in 1790 by the monthly meeting, to hold a separate meeting
for worship for five months to be held at the house of William
Purington.? The brick meeting-house of the society, corner of
Federal and Pear! streets, was commenced in 1795, and finished
in 1796: itis two stories high and its dimensions are thirty-six
feet by forty.

The branch of the society in this town, was permitted to
hold but one meeting on Sunday until 1797, when the privi-
lege was extended to two meetings: after the peace of 1783 it
received many additions from other societies in this town and
from other towns, including some of its most valuable mem-
bers. During the revolutionary war and to the year 1800,
there were several revivals in the society ; and during that pe-
riod they were in the habit of openly declaring their senti-.
ments in the congregations of other christians: on a Sabbath
in May, 1779, four Quakers attended meeting at the first par-
ish, “sat with their hats on all the forenoon and then har-
rangued.’’* David Sands a celebrated preacher of their order
from New York, aroused attention in a high degree in favor
of their principles ; in March, 1785, he preached in the Assem-
bly room on the Neck to a crowded audience; the Falmouth
Gazette thus speaks of his performance: “He professed great
candor to all who differed from him in religious sentiments ;
delivered many true and important doctrines of the gospel,
without mixing any of the sentiments peculiar to his sect; he
spoke severely against gaming and other fashionable amuse-
ments.”’ Perhaps that people never produced so much excite-

1 By areturn made by the selectmen of Falmouth, January 24, 1777, to the

General Court, the number of male Quakers in town over sixteen years of age
was sixty-four. No others were returned from the county,—General Court Filcs.

2Mr. Purington lived in Church lane.

3 Deane’s Diary.
408 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ment throughout the country as about the close of the revolu-
tionary war; the community harrassed and impoverished by
protracted hostilities, were easily and naturally influenced by
the pacific doctrines of that sect, who on all occasions and in
every situation protested against belligerent principles. More
converts were then made by them than at any other period.!’ In
the struggle for national independence, they maintained consist-
ency in their conduct and opposed hostilities in every shape.
They suffered their property to be taken for taxes and sacri-
ficed, rather than willingly contribute to support measures
which violated their principles. Although we commend their
firmness in defense of conscientious scruples, we cannot but
think the occasion to which we have referred, would well have
justified a less rigid observance of them. They held too strictly
to the letter of the doctrine, which requires the turning of the
other cheek to the smiter. The smaller matters—the mint,
annise, and cumming, the too narrow construction of the law—
ought not to beguile us from the performance of the great and
serious duties of life, which are as plainly and forcibly written
upon the page of inspiration.

Some of the members of the society here during the war,
who relaxed from their stern discipline in regard to self defense
were ‘denied unity” with them. One of their respectable
members was visited by the overseers and brought “to con-
demn his misconduct in being concerned in a ship that was
a letter of marque ;” another was complained of because he
had one son in the army and another had enlisted in that ser-
vice. They carried their reprobation still further, and rebuked
those who purchased cattle distrained for taxes; a complaint
was made against one of their members for attending vendue
and buying a cow distrained for taxes for carrying on a war ;

'“February 14, 1782, people are in a sad tumult about Quaker meetings,

ministers and taxes.” ‘1787, September 24, Quakers’ annual meeting, great
numbers flocked.” —Sinith’s Journal.
QUAKERS. 409

a committee was appointed “to labor with him” and he was
brought to condemn his misconduct; others on being visited,
condemned themselves for the same cause and were restored
to favor. Their discipline is extended to the whole life and
conversation, and all the members of the society are under the
inspection of overseers and visitors, and their slight deviations
from the rigid rules of the order in “dress or address,” are
made the subjects of private or public censure according to
the circumstances of the case.

The society has not increased here of late years and may be
considered declining, the vacant places occcasioned by death
not being supplied by accessions of new members. They pur-
sue the still and quiet way which their religion dictates and
their conduct appears to be influenced by the pure principles
of that religion which suffers long and is kind. If the society
does not increase in numbers it may with truth be said of it
that it does not degenerate in its character.

The old meeting-house was abandoned, as a place of wor-
ship, in the summer of 1849, and was sold in December fol-
lowing, with the lot, for two thousand three hundred dollars,
and has become a place for the manufacture of gravestones
and monuments. In the summer of 1850 the small brick
meeting-house on Oak street was built, and has since been used
as the society’s place of worship. Since the death of the old
members, Samuel Hussey and wife, the venerable Josiah Dow,
the Winslows and Purintons, and the departure of their child-
ren from the order, the society has greatly declined. |

The number of adult members in 1864, did not exceed nine-
teen, cight males and eleven females. The number that usu-
ally attend meeting does not exceed twelve, more often less,
and some of these reside just over the city line, in West-
brook. The widow of the late Rufus Horton, now ninety-two
years old, with two of her children, Rufus and Mary, and Har-

yy

“4
410 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

riet, daughter of the late Josiah Dow, are the only original
members who remain.

Samuel F. Hussey was a very prominent and active mem-
ber of the society, and of the community; he was frank, fear-
less, and independent, and for many years was wharfinger and
dictator of Union wharf. In the latter part of the last century
he was connected in commercial business, with John Taber
and Isaiah Hacker. He died in 1837, aged eighty-two, leaving
five daughters but no male issue. Two of his daughters mar-
ried the two brothers, Isaac and Nathan Winslow ; two others,
Peter Morrill and Mr. Southwick; one remained unmarried.
His only descendants now residing here, are two great-grand-
children, the children of Edward Fox, by the daughter of Mrs.
Nathan Winslow.
CHAPTER XVI.

War or 1744—CavsES OF WAR—PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENSE—COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES—
ALARMS FROM INDIANS AND THE FRENCH—VOLUNTEERS—CAPTURE OF LOUISBURG—TREATY OF FAL-
MOUTH—UNSETTLED STATE OF THE COUNTRY—WAR OF 1754—PEACE—CAPTURE OF QUEBEC.

Although the march of the town was regularly onward, its
progress was occasionally disturbed and impeded by circum-
stances which affected the whole country. Beside our natural
enemies, if may so call the aboriginal inhabitants, whose
very existence as an independent people was incompatible with
the growing population and power of the colonies, our con-
nection with the EKuropean continent made us peculiarly sensi-
ble to the commotions which often agitated its restless nations.
In 1740 the death of Charles VI, Emperor of Germany,
gave occasion for a fierce war for the Austrian succession, in
which before its close all the powers of Europe and North
America were engaged. It was opened by Frederick, the
young king of Prussia, for the recovery of Silesia from the
chivalric Maria Theresa. The elector of Bavaria claimed to
succeed Charles VI, and being supported by the electoral
college, adverse to the pretensions of Maria Theresa, he soon
enlisted a powerful alliance in aid of his cause. The acces-
sion of France to this alliance was a signal not to be mistaken,
that England, with the German possessions and prepossessions
of her monarch, would throw herself into the confederacy of
the opposite party. So general was the expectation of this
event in this country, that for some months previous to the
412 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

declaration of war by England against France, in 1744, our
General Court had anticipated approaching danger, and made
some preparations to meet it. As early as April, 1742, the
government ordered a breast-work and platform for ten twelve
pounders to be built on the Neck for the defense of the harbor,
and appropriated four hundred pounds to pay the expense, the
labor and stores to be furnished by the town.! This work was
erected on the bank, on the eastern side of India street. In
1743 the General Court appropriated one thousand two hun-
dred and eighty pounds for the defense of the eastern frontiers,
of which one hundred and thirty-four pounds were applied to
this town, and the same year commissioners were appointed to
select suitable places for block-houses, of which six were or-
dered to be supplied between Berwick and Falmouth, and six
further east; the commissioners were here in December.

The population of Maine at this time was short of 12,000 :?
the territory furnished two regiments, the first extending as far
east as Saco, containing sixteen hundred and fifty-five men,
was commanded by Col. William Pepperell; the other, in-
cluding the remainder of the soldiers, twelve hundred and
ninety strong, was under the command of Col. Samuel Waldo.
Falmouth supplied five hundred of this number, being more
than any town in Maine.®

In May, 1744, news of the declaration of war by England
reached this country and gave increased activity to all the
preparations for a vigorous defense. Our people were not yet
exempted from the fear of Indian depredations, nor was it so
long since they had experienced them, that all memory of them
had been lost; they immediately entered with earnestness on
those measures of security, which former sufferings had taught

1 This breast-work was constructed under the direction of Enoch Freeman,

who received a commission from Gov. Shirley in 1744, and had the command
of it.

2 Williamson, vol. ii, p. 212.

3Donglass Sum.
War IN 1744. 413

them to appreciate, and so pressing did they regard the occa-
sion, that even the church-going bell was drowned in the busy
note of preparation.' The provincial government, in June,
raised one thousand men, of which six hundred were designed
for the defense of the eastern country.2 Eighty-five of these
troops were posted in different garrisons in this town, of whom
two were stationed at the Rev. Mr. Smith’s house, which had
been constructed and used for a garrison some years before.
In addition to these precautionary measures, the government
entered into a treaty with the Penobscot Indians at Georges
Fort in July, who bound themselves, as did also the other In-
dians on this side of the Penobscot river, to remain neutral dur-
ing the war. In faith of this treaty, the troops in this quarter
were discharged, excepting one scouting company, under the
command of Captain Jordan. This officer was accompanied
by three Indians of the Saco tribe, whose families were settled
at Stroudwater, and supported by government. Pacific over-
tures were unsuccessful with the St. John and Cape Sable In-
dians, who had acquired the feelings and views of the French,
and entered into all their plans. When it was found that
they would not join the English, nor remain neutral, war was
formally proclaimed against them in November, and the Pe-
nobscots were required to render assistance to subdue them,
in pursuance of former treaties. This requisition, as might
have been expected, was not complied with, and these children
of the forest, by a natural attraction, were soon found fighting
by the side of their red brethren against the English. War

L“May 20, 1744, People are at work at North Yarmouth and this town about
their garrisons to-day. Not a very full meeting, people fearing to come.” May
25, ‘All the talk and thought now is about war. People are every where garri-
soning.”"—Smtth’s Journal.

27Two hundred and seventy were stationed at George’s Fort and Broad Bay,
fifty at Pemaquid, and fifty at Sheepscot.— Doug/ass, vol. i. p. 884.

3 The French and Indians were already in arms on the eastern frontier. May
13, they took Canso at the eastern end of Nova Scotia. :
414 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

was therefore declared against them in August, 1745, and a
high premium offered for scalps.

This subtle and vindictive enemy being again let loose from
all restraint, started up from their swamps and morasses, har-
rassing the whole line of our settlements, and committing
depredations upon the undefended plantations. Two compa-
nies were employed as scouts between Saco and Brunswick,
which were unable to find the Indians collected in any force ;
but individuals and small parties would make sudden onsets
for reprisal or revenge, and as suddenly disappear. In August
a party was discovered in Gorham, which was then a frontier
post containing but a few settlers,! and in September some
scattered Indians were traced in the neighborhood of this town ;
one was fired upon at Long Creek,” and a few days after, a son
of Col. Cushing of Purpooduck, was killed by them. The
town was so well covered by other settlements, that it enjoyed
a comparative degree of quiet, during the first year of the war,
and the people were at liberty to go out in pursuit of an enemy,
on each of whose heads the government had established a
bounty of four hundred pounds, old tenor.? This sort of mer-

chandise was indeed rather difficult and hazardous to obtain,
but the temptation was so strong that four companies of volun-
teers were raised in this town in September, and others in the
neighboring towns to go in quest of it. They were all however
unsuccessful ; for scarce had the presence of the enemy created
alarm upon the whole frontier, than they suddenly retired far
beyond the reach of an observation quickened by the strongest

1 At this time there were eighteen families in Gorham, of which nine took ref_
uge in the garrison, which they occupied four years ; several left the town.—
Pierce's Gorham,

?Long Creek empties into Fore river just above Vaughan’s bridge, in Cape
Elizabeth.

3 This was equal at that time to about one hundred and sixty-five dollars in
silver.
WAR OF 1744—INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 115

passions of our nature.'. They were seen no more in this neigh
borhood during the year, but in the spring of 1746 they came
in stronger force and hung around this vicinity the whole season.
On the 19th of April ten of them appeared at Gorham, where
they killed a man by the name of Bryant and his four children,
and carried away his wife and several other persons.? In June
they attacked the family of Wescott on Long Creek, killed and
scalped two men and took their clothes and three guns; this
was done by seven Indians, when there were twenty-five of our
soldiers within gun-shot of the place. A day or two after an
Indian was fired at from Mr. Frost’s garrison at Stroudwater,
and five days after, another was seen near the causeway at the
foot of Bramhall’s hill. These indications of the presence of
so subtle and dangerous an enemy, together with the appear-
ance of larger bodies on the coast at Georges and Sheepscot,
created an unusual alarm among the people, and the inhabi-
tants on the Neck united vigorously in erecting a block-house
for the common defense near the spot where the Old City Hall
now stands. They hovered around the town all the summer,
seizing every opportunity to plunder property and take cap-
tives or destroy life; they became so desperate as even to come
upon the Neck after spoil; in August, one was discovered in
Brackett’s swamp. In the same month one of Mr. Proctor’s
family and two other persons were killed in Falmouth, and
Philip Greeley? in North Yarmouth, where about thirty Indians

1 One of our companies, under Capt. Stephen Jones, even went to the Penob-
scot in search of Indians. He returned without having seen any.

2These persons continued to live outside the garrison; among the prisoners
were John Reed and Cloutman, able-bodied men. They were taken to Canada.
Reed returned at the close of the war, but Cloutmar perished in attempting to
escape.

2Mr. Greeley was grandfather of the late Capt. Philip Greeley and Eliphalet
Greeley, late mayor, both for many years valued citizens of Portland. The
mayor died August 3, 1858, aged seventy-four. Philip died January, 1860,
aged eighty-five.
416 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

were discovered. The people here were kept in constant agita-
tion during the season by these repeated depredations ; and the
terror was more lively, as it was caused by an enemy who could
not be confronted, and whose secret and sudden visitations
were marked by desolation and blood.

But this excitement was raised to the highest point of fear-
ful apprehension in the latter part of September, not only here,
but along the whole coast, by an expected invasion from France.
On the 10th of September, a French fleet, consisting of eleven
sail of the line, with frigates, fire-ships, and transports, under
the command of the Duke d’Anville, containing over three
thousand troops, arrived in Nova Scotia, with the avowed pur-
pose of visiting the whole coast of New England with destruc-
tion. On the receipt of this news, the country was aroused to
a sense of its danger; fifteen thousand men were in one week,
the last of September, marched into Boston for the protection
of that place ; and the people of Salem, Marblehead, and other
towns upon the coast in Massachusetts moved their effects into
the country. The alarm extended to this town, and a meeting
of the inhabitants was called to consider the expediency of
sending away the records and to take other precautionary
measures. It was voted to transport the town books to New-
bury, and many people packed up their principal articles to
send to a place of safety.'| On the 16th of October a public
fast was kept on account of the danger, to pray that it might
be averted. But in the midst of this alarm and these prepara-
tions, news was received that an epidemic prevailed in the
French fleet, that their admiral was dead, and that a violent
gale of wind had dispersed the fleet and had destroyed some of
the best ships. This was one of the most signal deliverances

1 In case of attack by his Christian Majesty’s fleet our little village did not
mean to surrender without firing a gun, for the town voted on this occasion that
the ‘‘selectmen apply to Capt. Moses Pearson for the use of his two great gnns,
to be placed on Spring Point, and to get four barrels of powder, balls, and flints
for the use of the town!”
WAR OF 1744—INDIAN DEPREDATIONS. 417

that New England had experienced. The French had sent out
a powerful armament, well appointed in all respects, breathing
threatenings and slaughter upon the devoted colonies, and
nothing, apparently, but a succession of the most disastrous
circumstances to the enemy, prevented their entire destruc-
tion.' By an unaccountable remissness in the English govern-
ment, no naval force was sent after the French into these seas,
so that our coast was left wholly unprotected by any human
arm.

The spring of 1747 witnessed the renewal of Indian _hostili-
ties and alarm; in March the inhabitants on the Neck put
three swivels into the Rev. Mr. Smith’s house, which was used
asa garrison. The enemy appeared first in Scarborough, April
13, where they killed one man, and the next day they were
seen in several places; at Saccarappa they took a man by the
name of Knight and his two sons, and in another part of the
town the same week they killed a Mr. Elliot and his son, and
took one captive. On the 21st of April, a party attacked the
family of Mr. Foster, whom they killed, and carried away his
wife and six children, and killed several cattle; our people
pursued them and reported that they were about fifty in num-
ber; the next day Stephen Bailey was fired upon by a party of
seven near Long Creek.

These numerous and aggravated attacks aroused the people
in this neighborhood to adopt some measures of protection.
The government, although appealed to by our inhabitants, had
provided but one company of fifty men for the defense of this
frontier, and thirty of those were stationed at Topsham to
guard government timber, while the Indians were hovering
over every settlement from Topsham to Wells. In this emer-
gency a company of twenty-six volunteers was immediately
raised in this town, who placed themselves under the command
of Capt. Isaac Isley ; another was raised in Purpooduck, and

1 Smith's Journal, 2d edition, “1746.”
418 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

another in North Yarmouth.' Capt. Ilsley transported two
whale-boats to the Sebago Pond for the purpose of pursuing
them in that direction.2 These prompt measures had the ef- _
fect of keeping the enemy at bay, although during the whole
summer, the settlements were in a state of feverish excite-
ment.? In the latter part of August the arrival of a cartel
from Canada with a number of our soldiers at this place in-
timidated the Indians, so that they retreated from this quar-
ter of the country, and were no more seen for that season.
The next spring they reappeared with an accession of numbers,
at Brunswick and North Yarmouth, and waylaid the road even
to New Casco; in which places they killed several persons, took
a number of prisoners, and destroyed many buildings. But
in the beginning of July the happy tidings of a suspension of
arms in Europe, which resulted in the treaty of Aix la Chap-
elle, put an end to the destructive warfare in our territory and
relieved the people from further apprehension.

The most considerable event of this war, and indeed the
greatest achievement which had taken place at any previous

Capt. Ilsley, the first of the name who came here, was a descendant of Wm.
Ilsley, who was born in Newbury, England, in 1608, and emigrated to Newbury
in this country, about 1634. He was born in Newbury in 1703, was a joiner
and came here about 1735; he and Moses Pearson built a meeting-house in Kit-
tery ona contract in 1726 and ’'27. After he had been here several years he buil
a house at Back Cove, east of Fall brook, which he fitted as a garrison and occu-
pied at the time of his death, and which was taken down a few years since by
his grandson, Henry Ilsley. A portion of the farm now belongs to the heirs of
his grandson, Isaac. He was a bold and enterprising man; he was an officer in
the Cape Breton expedition, and frequently engaged as leader of scouting parties
inthe dangerous game of pursuing the Indians. He superintended constructing
the addition to the meeting-house of the first parish in 1759, and built the steeple
in 1761. He died April 15, 1781, aged seventy-eight. His children were Isaac,
Enoch, Jonathan, Daniel, and Prudence married to Simon Gookin. His wife
died 1773, aged seventy.

3 Capt. Ilsley had fifty men in his company. They returned May 29, having
sunk their boats in Sebago Pond. They made no discovery of Indians.

* The Indians this summer were accompanied by some Frenchmen.
WAR OF 1744—CAPTURE OF LOUISBURG. 419

time in the colonies, was the capture of Louisburg in the Island

of Cape Breton, June 17, 1745. This was the strongest forti-

fication upon the continent, and was particularly obnoxious to

the people of Massachusetts by the refuge it afforded to those

who sought every occasion to disturb their fisheries and interrupt
their commerce. The conquest was accomplished by the New |
England militia, consisting of three thousand six hundred men,

assisted by an English and provincial fleet, and aided by a
combination of fortunate circumstances beyond the anticipation
of the most sanguine adventurer. The enterprise was a very

popular one and soldiers were easily enlisted: the number
from Falmouth was about fifty, besides those who entered the

service and were stationed at other places.!

The news of the capture was received here as in other parts
of the colonies with the utmost enthusiasm; Mr. Smith says
‘owe fired our cannon five times and spent the afternoon at the
fort, rejoicing ;” and again the next day, which was on Sun-
day, he says, “our people on the Neck were again all dayi re-
joicing and extravagantly blew off a vast quantity of powder.”
The soldiers in our neighborhood who survived the expedition,
petitioned the government for a township of land as a remune-
ration for their services and sufferings, which was granted in
1750, and now forms part of the town of Standish ; which un-
til its incorporation in 1785, bore the name of Pearsontown.?

1 February 22, 1745. Mr. Smith says, “all the talk is about the expedition to
Louisburg. There is a marvelous zeal and concurrence through the whole
country with respect to it: such as the like was never seen in this part of the
world.”

2The names of these survivors may be found subscribed to the petition, which
was as follows :—

To the Hon. Spencer Phips, Esq., Lieutenant Governor and commander in Chief,
in and over His Majesty’s Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England,
and to the Honorable the Council, and House of Representatives in General
Court assembled, January, A. D, 1749.

The petition of us the subscribers humbly sheweth, That whereas, we were in
the expedition against Louisbourg and the settlement adjacent, then under the
420 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Mr. Pearson commanded a company raised principally in this
town, in the expedition,' and after the surrender of the city
he was appointed agent for Sir William Peperell’s regiment,
and treasurer of the nine regiments employed in the siege, to
receive and distribute the spoils of the victory. The amount
of booty divided among the officers and soldiers of the several
companies was three thousand five hundred and seventy-eight
pounds five shillings and five pence, old tenor, principally in
specific articles, besides about eighteen thousand dollars the

1 George Knight was his Lieutenant. The company was raised in March, 1745.
Samuel Waldo was Brigadier General and second in command of the land forces.
The chief command was assigned to William Pepperell, who was knighted on the
occasion of the success. It was highly creditable to Maine that the two highest
officers in this brilliant expedition should have been taken from the only two
regiments in our territory, Pepperell’s and Waldo’s.

ae

command of the French King, being in said service, not only until but for some
considerable time after the reduction thereof, to the obedience of the King of
Great Britain, and some of us detained there for the defense of Louisbourg un-
til relieved by his Majesty’s troops from Gibraltar, being about sixteen months
from the time of entrance into said service, to our arrival at our respective
homes, the fatigue of which service, your Excellency and Honours are well
knowing to, and our wages but low while in said service. and as many of us
were put out of our usual way of business, it terminated very detrimental to us,
* and as many of us have no lands for settlement nor wherewith to purchase any,
Therefore we pray your honours to grant us a township of the contents of six
miles square, of some of the nnappropriated lands of said province, somewhere
in the county of York, to be settled by your petitioners in such time and under
such restrictions as your Excellency and Honours, in your known wisdom, shall
see meet to enjoin us, and as your petitioners in duty bound will ever pray.

Moses Pearson, George Knight, Isaac Ilsley, Jacob Clefford, James Springer,
Jeremiah Springer, Jeremiah Springer, Jr., Gamaliel Pote, Nathaniel Ingersoll,
Samuel Graves, Ebenezer Gustin, James Gilkey, David Dowty, Benjamin Sweet-
ser, Jeremiah Pote, Samuel Clark, Thomas Brackett, Elisha Pote, Samuel Lunt,
Jr., Job Lunt, Samuel Hodgskins, John Clark, John Anderson, Moses Hodgs-
kins, Joshua Brackett, Phillip Hodgskins, John Fowle, John Robison, Richard
Temple, Stephen Clark, John Clark, Jacob True, Josiah Huniwel, Samuel Lowell,
John Owen, Jr., Jacob Graffam, Joshua Moody, John Trish, William Reed, Abra-
ham Sawyer, John Roberts, Penivel Berton, George Williams, William Pitman’
John Ayer, Samuel Atwood.
WAR OF 1744—MOSES PEARSON. 421

proceeds of the sales of captured property. Capt. Pearson
remained at Louisburg the remainder of the year 1745 and
prrt of ’46, superintending the construction of barracks and
a hospital, and the repair of the fortifications; and in the
spring he was sent home by Gov. Shirley with a plan to pro-
cure a frame for additional barracks, and lumber to complete
the works.' Several of our people died at Louisburg after the
surrender, of the camp fever, and others were killed at Menas,
in an attack on that place in January, 1747, by the French and
Indians, among whom were Captain Jones and Moses Gilman.
Ebenezer Hall and Mr. Roberts died at Annapolis about the
same time, and in the May following a number of our inhabit-
ants were killed and captured by Indians in an attack on the
fort at Pemaquid.?

1 Moses Pearson was born in Newbv 7 in 1697, and was by trade a joiner. He
moved here in 1728 or ’29; and came at once into notice by the activity of his
mind and the interest he took in the affairs of the town. Within the first ten
years of his residence here, he filled the offices of a committee man to adjust the
difficulties between the old and new proprietors, town clerk, selectman, and town
treasurer. In 1737, ’40, and ’49, he represented the town in the General Court.
In 1760 on the establishment of the county of Cumberland he was appointed
the first sheriff and held the office until 1768: in 1770 he was appointed a justice
of the Court of Common Pleas, the duties of which he continued to discharge
until the revolution. About 1730, he purchased of Daniel Ingersoll the land op-
posite the old Custom House, on Fore street, extending to Middle street, and built
a house there in which he lived until it was destroyed in the fire of 1775; on
his death, the property descended to his heirs, in whose possession [it remained
until recently. It has since passed into the hands of strangers, and is now, 1864,
occupied as a hotel under the name of the “‘Commercial House.” He was a large
proprietor in this town and Standish. Me died in 1778, aged eighty-one. His
children were Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Eunice, Anne, and Lois; he left no son
to perpetuate hisname. These married Benjamin Titcomb, Joseph Wise, Tim-
othy Pike, Dr. Deane, Daniel Dole, and Joshua Freeman. His wife was a sister
of Col. Moses Titcomb, an officer at the seige of Louisburg, who was killed at
Lake George, September, 1755. Her father was Moses Titcomb of Newbury.
She was born 1693, died 1766.

2Capt. Stephen Jones who was killed in this attack, was son of Nathaniel

Jones of Worcester, Massachusetts ; he came to Falmouth with his brother Phin-
eas about 1730. In 1735 he married Lydia Jones of Weston, Massachusetts,
422 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The pay of the troops in the expedition to Louisburg was,
for a captain, in old tenor bills, eighteen pounds a month ; lieu-
tenant, twelve pounds; a soldier, five pounds; the bounty for

 

his cousin, by whom he had two sons, Stephen and Micah, and two daughters,
Lydia, the other name unknown to me. The ancestor of this family was Josiah,
who came to Boston from England about 1665, and settled in Weston. By his
wife Lydia Treadwell, he had six sons and four daughters. His great-grandson
Nathan, son of Elisha, moved to Gouldsborough, Maine, and was the head of the
family in the county of Washington. The brother of Nathan, Elisha, established
himself in Nova Scotia and was the head of a large family in that Province.
Nathaniel, the grandson of Josiah, the common ancestor, had by his first wife
seven sons and four daughters, and by his second wife, Miss Flagg, whom he
married in 1735, two sons, Moses and Jabez, and one daughter, Lydia. Nathan-
iel, and most of his family moved to Falmouth in or about 1730. The father was
here in May, 1731, when he was on a committee of the ancient proprietors. He
was admitted to the church here in 1734, and died in 1745. His sons were Phine-
as, Stephen, Noah, Ichabod, Isaac, and Jabez. Of Phineas, the most enterpris-
ing of the family, we shall have something to say by and by. Jabez lived ona
portion of the old Macworth farm near the mouth of Presumpscot river, and died
at a very advanced age, about 1815. I remember seeing him in my boyhood,
and was impressed by his venerable figure and vigorous frame.

Major Moses Titcomb of Newbury, who then commanded the troops posted in
Falmouth preparatory to an expedition to Canada, makes the following note
in his diary. “Falmo’ May 26, 1747. I received the melancholy news from Pema-
quid, that on the 22d inst., fifteen men being up the river after Alewives, the
Indians fired on them, killed ten men, took three captives, and two got clear, one
much wounded. Men killed, John Cox, Joseph Cox, Edward Bull, Jeremiah
Howes, George Clark, John Smith, Josiah Wesson, Vincent Roberts, George
Helwell, Jacob Pratt. Captivated, Robert Dyer, Benjamin Cox, Benjamin May-
hew: escaped, Abner Lowell, much wounded, and Ezekiel Webb.”

Abner Lowell was the son of Gideon Lowell of Amesbury, Massachusetts, who
was the son of Percival, son of Richard, an emigrant from Bristol, England, to
Newbury, in 1639. Gideon was born in 1672. His children were Mary, born
March 1, 1693, John, February 1, 1696, Stephen, February 29, 1708, Abner, in
Newbury, November 29, 1711, Jonathan, March 24,1714. Abner married Lydia
Purinton in 1737. He lived in a small house which then stood just above Clark’s
Point, where his son Abner was born January 8, 1741. The father died in 1761,
and is the ancestor of those bearing the name now resident in Portland. His
son Abner died in 1828, aged eighty-seven,

John Cox, who was among the killed, was admitted an inhabitant of the town
in 1729, he wasa mariner, and the ancestor of those bearing the name among
WAR OF 1744—EFFECTS OF THE WAR. 423

enlisting was four pounds, a month’s wages in advance, and
twenty shillings a week for subsistence. At the same time
corn was thirty shillings a bushel, old tenor, or three shillings
in silver, and flour ten pounds a hundred pounds, equal to
about nine dollars a barrel in our money. The expense of this
expedition to Massachusetts was one hundred and seventy-eight
thousand pounds sterling, which was reimbursed by the Eng-
lish government.

The war had been very prejudicial to our people, in the loss
of many lives, the interruption of the lumbering business the
principal source of the prosperity of our inhabitants, and the
advance in price of the articles of living. Capt. Pearson in a
letter to Governor Shirley, July 7, 1746, writes: “I find the
Indian enemy very busy and bold, so as to put the greater part
of our lumber men from their duty in lumbering, to their arms
and scouting for the defense of their families, and others taken
into the service for Canada.”” The suspension of hostilities in
Europe extended its beneficial influence on this side of the At-
lantic, although its full fruits were not gathered until after the
peace was concluded in October, 1748. As soon as intelli-

 

us. His children were Josiah, Tabitha, John, James, Esther, Mercy, Thankful.
Tabitha married Joseph Bailey, Esther, Joshua Brackett, Jr., Mercy, Joseph
Bailey, Jr., Thankful, first to Samuel Hodgkins, second to one Pogue. Josiah,
the eldest son, died previous to 1755, leaving four minor children, viz: Dorcas,
who married Enoch Moody and died without issue, Josiah, who married Sarah
Cox, 1765, Mary, married Joseph Hall, and Elizabeth, William Hall. John, the
second son of Capt. John, married first Sarah, 1739, a daughter of Samuel Proc-
tor, by whom he had nine children, one of whom, Keranhappuck, married Peter
Thomas and was the mother of our aged fellow citizen Elias Thomas. His first
wife died in 1761. By his second wife he also had nine children, and by a third
wife, two, making twenty in all. On the commencement of the revolution he
left the country and settled in Nova Scotia where he died in 1789, and where a
portion of his family remain. His son, the late Josiah of Portland, was born in
1756, married Sukey Greenleaf in 1785; he was an enterprising merchant and
died in 1829, leaving a son John and numerous daughters respectably married,
to Abel and Elisha Vinton, Joseph Harrod, and Enoch Ilsley; three were not
married.
424 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

gence of the ratification of the treaty reached Boston, Gov.
Shirley took measures to communicate with the Indians, and
finding them disposed to listen to an accommodation, commis-
sioners were appointed to meet them in this town.!

The commissioners arived here on the 28th of September,
1749, but were not joined by the Indians until October 14:
the conference commenced the same day in the meeting-house
upon the Neck, and was finished on the 16th, when a public
dinner was given by the commissioners, and presents delivered
to the Indians. The negotiation was conducted and closed upon
the principles of Mr. Dummer’s Treaty of 1726, and was signed
by six chiefs of the Wawenock, eight of the Norridgewock, and
five of the Penobscot tribes. The expectation of the treaty
had drawn a large number of people into our village, but the
long delay in the arrival of the Indians had wearied the pa-
tience of the visitors and they had left it before the treaty com-
menced.? Although the forms of peace were regularly gone
through, its spirit did not prevail in the country. Many peo-
ple in this province and New Hampshire were smarting under
the loss of friends and property, and they could not regard the
authors of their sorrows with complacency. In less than two
months after the treaty of Falmouth, an affray took place at
Wiscassett between the English and Indians, in which one of
the latter was killed and two wounded. This unhappy affair
produced a strong sensation throughout the eastern country,
and although the government did everything in its power by

1 They were Thomas Hutchinson, John Choate, Israel Williams, and James
Otis from Massachusetts, and John Downing and Theodore Atkinson from N. H.
The Rev. William Welsteed accompanied them as chaplain, and Col. Cotton as
clerk. Sir William Pepperell had been appointed at the head of the commission:
but had sailed for England before the treaty took place.

2 This treaty, with the preliminary conference may be found in the fourth vol.
Maine Historical Collections, with the treaties of 1735 and 1752, .The earlier
treaties of 1717, at Portsmouth, and 1726 and ’27, at Falmouth, are preserved in
vol iii. of the Maine Historical Collections.
HOSTILITIES RENEWED. 425

=

presents and kind treatment of the Indians, to appease
their anger and to conciliate their friendship, they did not
succeed in allaying the spirit of revenge that governed these
people. Three white persons who were concerned in the
affray were arrested and brought to this town and placed under
guard, from which however they succeeded in making their
escape.' But they soon afterward surrendered themselves ;
one of them, Albee, was tried at York, in June, 1750, and ac-
quitted ;? the others were removed to Middlesex for trial, and
the friends of the deceased were invited to be present; they
were however not tried at the time appointed and were subse-
quently remanded to York for trial, which does not appear
ever to have taken place. The acquittal of Albee produced dis-
satisfaction ; it was thought to have been an exercise of com-
passion charged with deep cruelty to the inhabitants of the
frontiers. But so strongly seated was the feeling’of resentment
against the Indians in the hearts of the people who had long
contended with them for their very existence, that a jury could
hardly be found to convict a white person of murder for kill-
ing one of them.

The French fostered the uneasiness among the Indians which
grew out of this state of things; in August, 1750, the Penob-
scot tribe was in arms and the French were discovered furnish-
ing them with supplies; the next month they were joined by
Indians from Canada, and a general alarm prevailed in all our
towns at the threatening aspect of affairs. Within a few days
parties of the enemy were seen in Gorham, Windham, and
Falmouth ; one hundred men were raised here and in Scar-
borough to scout from Saco to Georges, and Capt. Ilsley, ready
to take the lead on occasions of this sort, marched the first
company of scouts into the woods in September. These
prompt measures had the effect of protecting our settlements

1 Their names were Obadiah Albee, and Richard and Benjamin Holbrook.

3 Albee was afterward convicted of a felonious assault.

28
426 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

for that season, but early the next spring the enemy was found
lurking again in our vicinity, which, accompanied by the
sudden revolution in the circulating medium of the coun-
try occasioned by calling in the paper, and a severe epidemic
which was raging violently in this province, produced incalcu-
lable distress among our people. The inhabitants of this
town suffered but little from the Indians this season, although
they appeared at different points of our territory during the
spring and summer. One man only, Job Burnell, was killed
at New Casco. The regiment commanded by Col. Ezekiel
Cushing of Cape Elizabeth, furnished fifty men for the service,
and in the course of the summer, the government having made
arrangements to enter into negotiations with the Indians, a
new draft of one hundred men was made from the same regi-
ment to escort and protect the commissioners. The peace of
1749 was confirmed at St. Georges, August 3, 1751, by some of
the tribes, and a temporary cessation of hostilities followed.
Conferences were also held in 1752 and 1753,3 with the In-
dians, who continued in a very unquiet state. The advancing
settlements of the white men were found to restrict that un-
bounded freedom with which they had roamed over the forests
and frequented the waters. The French had perceived this
restlessness, and had used every art to increase it and give it a
sure and fatal direction against the English. At the confer-
ence in 1752, at St Georges, the Indians admitted that they

1Mr. Smith’s Journal notices these facts as follows, "1751, April 24, It isa
melancholly time as ever the country knew, 1st, on account of the great convul-
sion and perplexities relating to a medium, some towns not having raised any
money for public taxes, nor chosen officers, 2d, with respect to a war with the ,
Indians. 3d, the epidemic fever. 4th, the coldness and wetness of the spring.”

The fever prevailed throughout this town, and a number of persons, especially
children, died of it in October and November, 1750.

2 Smith’s Journal.

3 For the treaty of 1752 at ; Fort George, see 4th Maine Historical Collections,
p. 168.—Smith’s Journal, 2d Ed., p. 149.
FRENCH POLICY. 427

had received a letter from the French missionary stimulat-
ing them to adopt some measures in defense of their rights and
their territory.

After the peace of 1748, the two great European powers,
who were struggling for supremacy in North America, having
perceived the growing importance of the immense dominions
they possessed on this side of the Atlantic, each turned its at-
tention to secure its power and to prepare for future difficul-
ties. Commissioners had been appointed in 1749 by France
and England to adjust the boundaries between their respective
possessions, who after numerous sessions and elaborate discus-
sions at Paris, were unable to arrive at any satisfactory result.
The French claimed the Kennebec river as the western bound-
ary of their province of Acadia, and erected forts in that prov-
ince to secure a passage over land to Quebec. They also
strengthened their position in the rear of the English Colonies.
Their design was to connect their provinces of Louisiana and
Canada by a chain of posts which might enable them to keep
up a communication, and while they secured them from inva-
sion to be ready to seize any favorable opportunity to pursue
offensive operations against their ancient enemy. It may
easily be imagined that these hostile manifestations could not
be viewed with indifference by a nation so jealous as the Eng-
lish, and loud complaints of these encroachments were made
on both sides of the Atlantic. But the French although they
amused the English a while, with the hope of giving them sat-
isfaction, yet their object being solely to gain time, no repara-
tion was made or intended. It was therefore evident that
resort must be had to arms. To meet this emergency the
British government recommended a convention of delegates
from the several colonies with a view to produce unity of action
and a more powerful combination of their forces. ‘The meet-
ing took place at Albany, June 19, 1754, and was one of the
most respectable assemblies, and as the prototype of those of
the revolution, the most important in its consequences, of any
428 HISTORY OF PORTLAND,

which had been convened on this continent. It was one object
of this meeting to conciliate the western Indians, on whom the
French had long been practicing their seductions, but although
large presents were distributed, the measure entirely failed ;
the French had secured an influence over the wandering tribes
which could not be dissolved by any art which the English
were able to use.

While this course was being pursued to engage the alliance
of the western Indians, Gov. Shirley was endeavoring to secure
the favor of those in the east, and at the same time to take such
steps as in case of failure would protect the frontier from
their incursions. It had been rumored that the French had
established a settlement between the Kennebec and Chaudiere
rivers, with a view to secure the passes from Quebec to Maine,
and to facilitate the march of their forces into New England.
This report, although it afterward appeared to have been un-
founded, created great alarm in Massachusetts and Maine, and
the government immediately ordered a body of eight hundred
men to be raised to break up the supposed settlement and by
suitable fortifications in that part of the country to prevent
the inroads of the enemy. Gov. Shirley took the immediate
command of the expedition, and to avoid giving offense or
alarm to the Indians he invited them to a conference to be held
at Falmouth in June, and in the mean time vigorously prose-
cuted his preparations for the ulterior purposes of the enter-
prise. :

On the 21st of June, 1754, forty-two Indians of the Norridge-
wock tribe, punctual to their engagement, arrived here: the
Governor with a quorum of the council’ and a number of the
representatives arrived on the 26th, and were’ received with
great attention.! On the day after their arrival a‘ public: dinner

1 The Governor took lodgings at the house of Jabez Fox, Esq., who sae a
member of the council; he lived on the west side of Exchange street in a house

that had belonged to Phineas Jones. Among the gentlemen present were

Messrs. Danforth, Oliver, Bourn, Hubbard, Lincoln, Wheelwright, Minot, and
Hancock,
CONFERENCE WITH THE INDIANS. 429

was given to them in the court-house: the town was filled with
people. The transports with eight hundred troops had arrived
a day or two before under the command of Gen. Winslow and
had formed a camp on Bangs’ Island, and it is probable that
the soldiery contributed to swell the crowd and magnify the
parade. The conference was held on the 28th of June; the
Governor asked the consent of the Indians to build a fort at
Ticonnet and another at Cushnoc Falls,' and proposed to them
the ratification of former treaties. They took time to consider
these propositions, and on the 1st day of July they gave their
answer assenting to the peace, but refusing to grant permission
to erect the forts. The treaty was notwithstanding signed on
the second of July, and on the third it was ratified, when their
usual dance took place. The Indians left town on the same
day, three of their young men going to Boston, the remainder
returning home.? On the Sth, twenty-five Indians of the Pe-
nobscot tribe arrived and the Governor met them the same day
in the méeting-house, and on the next closed a treaty in which
they bound themselves to remain at peace should hostilities
with the French take place. The Governor continued in this
neighborhood until July 30, when he sailed for the Kennebec
and proceeded to Ticonnet, where he marked out the site of a
fort on a point formed by the junction of the Sebasticook with
the Kennebec, which when completed was named Halifax. A
part of the expedition proceeded up the river to the portage,
and seeing no vestiges of French or Indians, they returned
without having rendered services at all equivalent to the ex-
penses of the expedition. The Governor revisited this town
on the 3d of September, and departed for Boston on the 8th.

1Ticonnet is at the junction of the Sebasticook and Kennebec rivers in the
town of Winslow ; Cushnoc is now Augusta.

‘2'The canoes of the Indians were hauled up on the bank where the old Cus-
tom house stands, the ledge being then entirely covered with earth. The place
was subsequently used as a ship-yard which broke the ground, and the soil has
since been all washed away.
430 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

This was one of the busiest seasons that our inhabitants had
ever witnessed; the town was kept in confusion the whole
summer, and for many years after, it was common to refer to
the occasion as a measure of time; and the expression “the year
that Gov. Shirley’s treaty was made,” was as familiar before
the revolution as “household words.” Mr. Smith after notic-
ing in his Journal the departure of the Governor, exclaims,
“thus ended a summer’s scene of as much bluster as a Cam-
bridge commencement, and now comes on a vacation when our
house and the town seem quite solitary.” One can readily im-
agine what an excitement must have been produced in town
by a collection of the dignitaries of government and the repre-
sentatives of two dreaded Indian tribes, when he reflects that
the village on the Neck where all the parade was exhibited,
contained but one hundred and forty or one hundred and fifty
families, making a population of about one thousand, and that
the high officers of government were then invested by public
opinion with vastly more reverence and splendor than at pres-
ent exists. There were few houses in town which could give
suitable accommodations to such visitors and those must have
been necessarily crowded. Mr. Smith says in anticipation of
the event, “we have been painting and fitting up our house for
the treaty which is approaching,” and June 28, he says, “yes-
terday and to-day we had a vast concourse dined with us at our.
expense.””!

Notwithstanding the precautions of the previous year, the
commencement of 1755 found all the colonies from Virginia
to the St. Lawrence engaged in a war with the Indians, and
with the French of the neighboring provinces. As early as
April the Indians appeared in Gorham and killed several
persons, and all the frontier towns were harrassed and sustained
injury in the lives and property of their inhabitants. The

' Mr. Smith was however compensated at the close of this scene, for he says
July 28, ‘Capt. Osborne sailed for Boston, having eel me near one hundred
pounds for my house,”
WAR oF 1754. 431

whole country was alarmed by these attacks and by the appear-
ance of a French fleet upon the coast. The government was
making great exertions to prosecute the war with vigor; but
these were spent rather for distant and brilliant operations
than for securing the people from the marauding attacks of the
savages. Two thousand New England troops sailed from Bos-
ton in May, 1755, to subdue the French in Nova Scotia, and
achieved a signal victory in June.

Our town had now ceased to be a frontier post and was free
from the alarm and dangers to which it had formerly been ex-
posed, it was not however overlooked in the scheme of general
defense. The fort at the foot of India street, which had been
repaired in 1742, and furnished with ten twelve-pounders, hav-
ing been neglected, was again supplied by government in 1755,
and placed in a condition for defense. Our people too, notwith-
standing they were in a measure removed froin the scene of
danger, were not unmindful of the exposed situation of the re-
mote towns, and on every occasion when the Indians visited
the neighboring settlements, they moved with alacrity to resist
their depredations. In May, 1756, a report having been
brought to town that a body of one hundred and twenty In-
dians were coming upon the frontier and were about spreading
themselves from Brunswick to Saco, four companies of volun-
teers were immediately raised from among our people and under
the command of Captains Milk,' Ilsley, Skillings, and Berry,

(This was Dea. James Milk; he was born in Boston in 1711, and was by oc-
cupation a ship carpenter or boat builder. In 1735 he married Sarah Brown, by
whom he had a large family of children; he was a useful and much respected
man, was for many years deacon of the first church, and selectman of the town
for sixteen years. He died November 10, 1772; Mr. Smith preached a sermon
on the occasion from these words, “Behold an Israelite indeed in whom there
is no guile.” His children were James, who died the year after his father, aged
twenty-nine, leaving one son, James M., Mary, married to Moses Little of
Newburyport, Dorcas, married to Nathaniel Deering, Elizabeth, married to Abra-
ham Greenleaf of Newburyport, Eunice, married to John Deering, Abigail, mar-

ried to Joseph H. Ingraham, and Lucy married to Joho Nichols. Eunice, the
last survivor, was born in 1749 and died in 1835, aged eighty-six. The house
432 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

went out in pursuit of them. Capt. Skillings marched in the
direction of Windham and succeeded in saving the people and
property of that place; he arrived in season to put the enemy
to flight soon after they had commenced an attack upon the
inhabitants, in which one was killed and one wounded and
scalped. The Indians left five packs, a bow, a bunch of ar-
rows, and several other articles. On another occasion the same
year, when a report reached here that the fort at St. George
was attacked, a number of our young men proceeded without
delay to offer their assistance.! In April, 1757, Joseph Cox
and Mr. Bailey, of this town, fitted out a small expedition on
private account, against the Penobscot Indians, and returned
early in June, bringing with them two canoes, a quantity of
oil, fish, and feathers, and the scalps of two men whom they
had killed. The war in our part of the country was carried on
in this desultory manner on both sides; the out-settlements
were kept in continual alarm by small divisions of the enemy
scattered over the province, and lighting, like the wary hawk,
wherever spoil was easy to be obtained; no regular efforts
were made by either party.

The war was not formally declared by the English until May,
1756, although hostilities in America had commenced two years
before; the king in his declaration states that ever since the
treaty of Aix la Chapelle, the French had been making en-
croachments upon his American subjects, and had in 1754,
without any previous notice, broke out into acts of open hos-
tility and seized an English fort on the Ohio.2 All attempts

' The next year in September, an alarm having been given of a great firing at
St. George and it being supposed that the fort there was attacked, one hundred

and fifty men, mostly volunteers, immediately hastened by water to their relief.
—Smith's Journal,

2This was Fort Du Quesne, now Pittsburg.

 

in Exchange street, in which she lived sixty years, was sold and moved in 1853
to make way for the block of stores erected on the lot. The name is extinct
here.
war OF 1754. 433

to procure reparation having been unavailing, the last resort
of injured nations was applied. The three first years of the
war had been generally unsuccessful ; it had been conducted
at great expense and without much system. But in 1758, un-
der the vigorous administration of the elder Pitt, English affairs
both in Europe and America assumed a new aspect, and her
arms became triumphant. In pursuance of a recommendation
from Mr. Pitt, the General Court resolved to raise seven thou-
sand men for an expedition against Canada; this was the
largest force ever raised by the province ; but the hope of con-
quering Canada and driving from their neighborhood an en-
emy by whom they were exposed to continual fear and loss,
stimulated them to an extraordinary effort. About six hundred
men of this force were raised in Maine, and sailed for Kittery
to join the army on the 21st of May. The result of the cam-
paign was very unfavorable; the principal object of the ex-
pedition, the capture of Ticonderoga, failed, and our army
of about fifteen thousand men disgracefully abandoned the
siege, and retreated with loss of men and munitions of war,
before an inferior force. The ill success may be attributed
partly to the fall of the accomplished Lord Howe at the
commencement of the attack. The effect of this disaster was
somewhat diminished by the capture of Louisburg, which ca-
pitulated to our arms July 26, 1758; the siege had been car-
ried on with great spirit, and the garrison did not surrender
until they had lost fifteen hundred men, and the town was a
heap of ruins.!. The number of prisoners was five thousand
six hundred and thirty-seven. The arrival of this intelligence
at Falmouth on the 17th of August, occasioned great joy, and
the people spent the afternoon and most of the night in rejoic-
ing2 The next year the war was pursued with larger prepa-

! There were found in this fortress two hundred and twenty-one pieces of can-
non, eighteen mortars, and a large quantity of stores and ammunition.

2 Qmith’s Journal, August 17, 1758.
434 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

rations and a more determined spirit on the part of the mother
country. The provinces also partaking of the zeal which ani-
mated the ministry at home, raised large supplies of men to
co-operate in the favorite design upon Canada. Massachusetts
raised six thousand eight hundred men, of whom two thou-
sand five hundred served in the garrison at Louisburg, several
hundred in the navy, three hundred joined General Wolfe
before Quebec,'! and the remainder served under General
Amherst, who entered Canada by Lake Champlain, with a tri-
umphal progress, capturing in his course the forts at Eicon:
deroga, Crown Point, and Niagara.

It was one of the conditions imposed by the General Court
in voting the last division of this large enlistment of soldiers,
that four hundred men of the levy should be employed under
direction of the Governor to erect a fort at the mouth of Pe-
nobscot river. In pursuance of this plan, Gov. Pownal went
to Penobscot in May? and constructed upon a point in the town
of Prospect, since called Fort Point, one of the most substan-
tial and well appointed fortifications that had ever been erect-
ed in Maine.* Gov. Pownal was accompanied in this expedi-
tion by Brigadier.General Waldo, who being a large proprietor
in the Waldo patent, on which the fort was laid out, was deeply
interested in the result of the enterprise.

After laying out the ground for the fort and making prepa-
rations for its construction, Gov. Pownal with Gen. Waldo,
and a portion of his force, made an expedition up the Penob-
scot river, of which he thus speaks in his Journal, in the 5th
Vol. of the Maine Historical Collections. ‘Landed on the east

' Among the persons from Falmouth who served in Wolfe’s army, were Briga-
dier Preble, then a captain, John Waite, afterward a colonel, and William
McLellan. Col. Waite commanded a transport.

2He touched in here May 4th, and remained until the 8th.

21t was called Fort Pownal, in compliment to the governor, and cost five thou-
sand pounds which was repaid by England. For details concerning this trans-
action, see 5th Maine Historical Collections, p. 363.
GENERAL WALDO. 4385

side of the river with one hundred and thirty-six men and pro-
ceeded to the head of the first falls, about four and a quarter
miles from the first ledge. Clear land on the left for near four
miles. Brigadier Waldo, whose unremitted zeal for the service
had prompted him, at the age of sixty-three, to attend me on
the expedition, dropped down Just above the falls of an apo-
plexy, and notwithstanding all the assistance that could be
given, expired in a few moments.’ This was in the town of
Brewer, and corrects erroneous statements in Williamson’s
History of Maine, vol ii. p. 388, and of Mr. Sabine in the
North American Review, vol. lviii. p. 313, in which Waldo is
made to say ‘Here is my bound,” and as Sabine adds, “drop-
ped dead on the site of a city.” At the head of the Falls,
Pownal adds “Buried a leaden plate with the following inscrip-
tion. May 23, 1759, Province of Massachusetts Bay. Domin-
ions of Great Britain. Possession confirmed by T. Pownal,
Governor. _

Erected a flag staff—Hoisted the king’s colors and saluted
them.””!

!1Gen. Waldo was born in England; a son of Jonathan Waldo, a respectable
merchant in Boston, who died in 1731, leaving a large estate to his five children.
He was interested in eastern lands, and his son Samuel was connected with him
in these speculations. On his death, Samuel came into possession of large tracts
here and further east. The General was the largest proprietor of land in this
town for many years, having purchased the rights of old proprietors previous
to 1730. In 1730 he bought eight hundred acres of the proprietors’ committee,
and seized every opportunity to extend his interest here. He was an active, in-
telligent, and persevering man, and spent much time in town. He died at the
age of sixty-three, leaving by wife Lucy Wainwright of Ipswich, two sons, Sam-
uel and Francis, who lived in this town, and daughters, Hannah, married to Isaac
Winslow of Roxbury, and Lucy married to Thomas Flucker of Boston, who were
the parents of the late Gen. Knox’s wife; a third son, Ralph, died young. Gen.
Waldo went to England in 1729 to defend the interest of the Lincoln proprietors,
and published a pamphlet in vindication of theirrights. He was an accomplished
gentleman, and as a military officer, of an elegant and commanding figure. His
portrait, which adorned the walls of the Knox mansion, represented him as tall
and straight, of dark complexion. He had crossed the Atlantic fifteen times.
436 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The fort was completed in July, garrisoned by one hundred.
men placed under the command of Colonel Jedediah Preble of
Falmouth, on his return from Canada.' He was there in
March, 1760.

The campaign of 1759 was crowned with complete success
by the capture of Quebec on the 17th of September. No event
could have produced greater joy in the colonies than this. It
had been the place from which, for a long series of years, had
issued the decrees that had armed and let loose upon our
frontiers a merciless and remorseless enemy. Various unsuc-
cessful attempts had been made in the previous sixty years, at
an immense cost and an extravagant waste of life, to drive this
power from the continent. Now that the object of the most
ardent wishes of the colonists was accomplished, public feeling
sweiled to the highest note of joy. Mr. Smith in his Journal
says, “the country is all in extasy upon the surprising news of
the conquest of Quebec.’ Information of the battle on the
plains of Abraham, September 13, in which the opposing gen-
erals, Wolfe and Montcalm, were killed, reached here October
14; on the 15th and 16th the cannon at the fort were fired,
Mr. Mayo’s house was illuminated, and small arms were fired
in the evening.? The next evening three mast ships in the
harbor were illuminated. The 25th of the same month was

1 Mr. Preble had the command of a company of provincial troops in the ex-
petition against Canada, was in the battle on the plains of Abraham before Que-
bec, and near Gen. Wolfe when he fell, and was wounded in the thigh. He was
subsequently promoted.

2 Ebenezer Mayo; his house stood on the west side of India street, near the
corner of Newbury now Sumner street. He was a respectable merchant and
came here from Boston. He left three children, Apphia, Simeon, and Ebenezer,
the last of whom was born in 1764, and died in this town September 12, 1840,
aged 70; no child survived him. His first wife was a daughter of Dr, Coffin,
whom he married in 1792 and who died in 1793; his second was Jane Brown of
Boston, married in 1795; third, Catharine, a daughter of Deacon Richard Con-
mau, married in 1811. He and his brother Simeon became intemperate and
died poor. Simeon left several children.
TREATY OF PARIS, AND WITH THE INDIANS. 4387

observed as a day of public thanksgiving for the brilliant sue-
cesses of the campaign.

The French power in this country having been thus broken,
the Indians who had fought under it, immediately sought
safety by submission to the conqueror; in the spring of 1760,
the Penobscots, the St. John’s, and Passamaquoddy Indians, and
those of Nova Scotia, finding they could not unaided by French
power and influence, resist the English arms, entered into a
treaty of peace, and from that time forever ceased to become
formidable in the northern colonies. The conquest of Canada
was completed September 8, 1760, by the surrender of Mon-
treal, the other posts of the French having previously capitula-
ted ; but in Europe the war was not terminated until February
1763. News of the surrender of Montreal and the total ex-
tinguishment of French hopes on this continent, was received
in town September 20, 1760, and caused a renewal of the re-
joicing of the preceding year: on the evening of September
22, Rev. Mr. Smith’s house and several others on the Neck
were illuminated, and a public thanksgiving was kept for the
reduction of Canada.

By the treaty of peace which was signed at Paris, in March,
1763, the French ceded all Canada to Great Britain, and Louis-
jana to Spain, and thus took leave of the North American Con-
tinent: since which, they have never had foothold upon it, save
the short period in the reign of Napoleon, that they held Loui-
siana. When it is considered how much blood had been
shed, how much suffering, desolation, and sorrow had been
brought upon the English colonies by the arms and the influ-
ence of the French over the Indians, their ever faithful allies,
from 1688, we cannot be surprised at the deep and well founded
satisfaction with which they viewed the removal of all fear of
future alarm and depredation from that quarter.
CHAPTER XVII.

POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS BEFORE THE REVOLUTION—TAXES—CURRENCY—LUMBER AND SAW-
Mnis—Grist Mitts—Trapbe AND ComMeRcz—CUSTOM3—WHARVES—GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE
TOWN AND BUILDINGS AT THE TIME OF THE REVOLUTION—STREETS,

The Neck, now Portland, at the time of which we are speak-
ing, was the chief seat of business and the central point of
population of the town. It had increased more rapidly than
any other part of the territory, and from its single family in
1715, had gone on with a steady progress to the period of the
revolution. In 1725 the number of families in the whole town
was forty-five, of which twenty-seven were upon the Neck,
seventeen in Purpooduck and Spurwink, and one at New Casco.
The next year, although it was the termination of a destructive
war, the number of the families had increased to sixty-four,
beside thirteen or fourteen unmarried men. By a calculation
of six to a family, which may be considered a fair average, the
population at that time will be found to have been about four
hundred.'. Some idea of the number of inhabitants in 1740

1 At the birth of Peter, the second son of Rev. Mr. Smith in 1731, most of the
married women on the Neck attended, and their husbands, as the custom
was, at supper. This anecdote related to me by a member of that -family,
now no more, shows the small population on the Neck, and at the same time is
illustrative of the simple manners of that day, Mrs. Blake, who died at a
very advanced age in 1824, said that when she first came here, she could go out
after tea and make a call upon every family on the Neck and return home before
nine o’clock.
POPULATION. 439

may be gathered froma remark in Mr. Smith’s diary in August ;
he says, ‘an exceeding full congregation and communion, and
yet IT reckoned more than sixty heads of families that were ab-
sent, and many of their whole families with them.’’ This was
after the separation of the Purpooduck parish, which probably
at that time contained more than one hundred families.'! In
1753, the third, or New Casco parish, containing sixty-two
families, was set off, which left to the first parish two hundred
and forty families, of which one hundred and twenty were up-
on the Neck, forty-eight in Stroudwater, eight on the Islands,
and twenty-one at Back Cove. These, at our former calcula-
tion, would give to the Neck a population of seven hundred and
twenty souls, the parish fourteen hundred and forty, and to
the whole town, estimating Purpooduck and Spurwink at one
hundred and fifty families, a population of two thousand seven
hundred and twelve souls. The number of slaves at this time
in Falmouth, was twenty-one.2 In 1759 there were one hund-
red and thirty-six dwelling-houses on the Neck, beside four
ware-houses occupied by families, the whole embracing one
hundred and sixty families, and making the population of the
Neck nine hundred and sixty. In 1760 there were eleven
French neutrals in town, under the distribution of the commit-

1[In 1745 the ratable polls in Cape Elizabeth parish were one hundred and
ninety-eight ; the valuation of real and personal estate was seven thousand three
hundred and thirty-five pounds and seventeen shillings. Ratable polls were
males of sixteen years of age and upward ; they constituted about twenty-five
per cent. of the population; the age for rating polls was subsequently advanced
to eighteen years, and in 1825 in this State, to twenty-one years. In 1749 the
second parish, Cape Elizabeth, petitioned to be incorporated as a town, and
’ stated in their petition, that their precinct was ten miles in length and about five
miles in breadth, and contained about one hundred and fifty families. In 1742 ~
the number of white polls in Massachusetts was forty-one thousand; in 1785
thirty-five thousand four hundred and twenty-seven,
2 Massachusetts Historical Collection, N.S8., vol. iii. p. 95. There were in
York twenty-four slaves at this period, Kittery, thirty-five, Wells, sixteen, Scar-
borough, eleven, Berwick twenty-two, Arundel, three, Brunswick, three. George-

town, seven, Gorham, two.
440 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

tee. Their names were Paul LeBlanc, wife and nine children.
Sixty-one of these people were assigned to Maine. The whole
number to Massachusetts and Maine was about thirteen hund-
red. It appears by acensus taken in 1764, that the number
of dwelling-houses in the whole town in that year was four hun-
dred and sixty, which contained five hundred and eighty-five
families, and a population of three thousand seven hundred and
eighty-three.' In 1774 by an estimate on the polls of the first
parish which were then four hundred and eighty-one, and which
included a few families at Back Cove, the population of the Neck
was a little over nineteen hundred.2 In October of the next
year, the number of houses on the Neck was two hundred and
-thirty, some of which contained two or three families ; if the
number of families which occupied these houses was three hun-
dred and twenty, which does not seem to be an unreasonable
calculation, we shall arrive at a result similar to the one fur-
nished by an estimate on the polls. In the absence therefor of
any certain information on the subject, we may not deviate far
from the truth in fixing upon nineteen hundred as the popula-
tion of that part of Falmouth now included in Portland, at the
commencement of the war of the revolution.2 The Neck may be
called the parent stock which sent out its branches to the re-
mote portions of the territory. The parishes at Purpooduck,

! There were forty-four negroes not included in the above number; the popu-
lation of Maine by this census was fifty-four thousand and twenty.— Williamson,

vol. ii. p. 373.

2The number of polls at Back Cove in 1770, was fifty-eight, belonging to the
first parish, who were assessed in the parish tax forty-eight pounds twelve shil-
lings and eleven pence of threr hundred twenty-eight pounds three shillings and

five pence.

3In January, 1777, the selectmen returned seven hundred and eighty-five as
the whole number of males in town of sixteen years and upward, which in-
cluded Quakers, Negroes, and Mulattoes, who were not subject to military duty.
In 1776 the returns showed for Falmouth a population of three thousand and
twenty-six, and Cap2 Elizabeth, fourteen hundred and sixty-nine.
TAXES, 441

New Casco, and Stroudwater, had been successively set. off,
and a society of Quakers had sprung up in that section of the
town which retains the ancient name. The second parish was
invested with separate municipal powers in 1765, under the
name of Cape Elizabeth, except for the purpose of choosing a
representative to the General Court, for which it remained
connected with Falmouth until after the revolution.'

Previous to the incorporation of the second parish, the town
and ministerial taxes were assessed in one rate, and money for
the support of the ministry was voted by the town; after the
division in 1733, a separation took place in the financial de-
partments between the town and parish. In 1727 the whole as-
sessment was but one hundred and eighty-four pounds seventeen
shillings and seven pence, lawful money ; in 1730 it was three
hundred pounds, of which one hundred pounds were for the
minister.2 In the course of a few years the town had become
considerably embarrassed by the erection of a bridge over Fore
river at Stroudwater, and others over the Presumpscot, and by
incurring other expenses out of the ordinary course of town
charges, to which they had been stimulated by their enterprising
character. To relieve themselves from this pressure, they pe-
titioned the General Court in 1789, for the privilege of taxing
the unimproved lands.3_ Liberty was granted them to assess a

1The king’s instructions to the governors forbade the incorporation of towns
with the power of sending representatives; new towns and parts set off from old
ones were therefore called districts. The act of incorporation was dated Novem-
ber 1, 1765; the first meeting for the choice of officers was dated December 2,
1765, Capt. John Robinson, Jr., Moderator; Thomas Simonton, District Clerk ;
James Maxwell, Capt. Samuel Skillings, and Mr. Jonathan Lovitt, Selectmen;
Peter Woodbury, Constable; Joseph Mariner, Clement Jordan, and Jos, Wins-
sow, Assessors.

2 By the valuation act, passed in 1736, polls were taxed at two shillings and three
pence each, and income one penny on the pound; an ox was valued at forty
shillings, a cow at thirty shillings, swine eight shillings, a goat three shillings.

3 They set forth in their petition “that about three years past, the court had
ordered that the waste lands in Falmouth should be taxed, but owing to delay

29
442 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

tax of two pence an acre on all unimproved land for three
years, and the court add, “that no difficulty may arise about
said unimproved land, ordered that all land not within lawful
fence, be subject to said tax.”” The next year thirty-two thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-nine acres were taxed under
the provisions of that special act. If the petition stated the
proportion of unoccupied land correctly, we perceive that the
whole quantity of land within the limits of the town to be about
thirty-six thousand acres. ¥

In 1745 the town and school tax was three hundred and
ten pounds and the parish tax three hundred and sixteen pounds
fourteen shillings and six pence, old tenor, assessed upon
three hundred and five polls. In 1747 three hundred and sev-
enty pounds, old tenor, were raised for town charges; this was
a time when money was at its lowest rate of depreciation. In
1753 when the currency had returned to a sound state, the
town tax was forty pounds, or one hundred and thirty-three
dollars and thirty-three cents, and the next year' only twenty

10f a province tax assessed on eleven towns in Maine in 1743, of fifty-two
pounds seventeen shillings and one penny, Falmouth’s proportion was seven
pounds thirteen shillings and ten pence, paying the highest tax but two, Kittery
and York being before it. In 1761, of a provincial tax of one thousand pounds,
Maine’s proportion was seventy-four pounds six shillings and four and three-
fourths pence, Falmouth then paid the highest tax, being thirteen pounds sixteen
shillings and two and one-quarter pence ; the next highest was Kittery, whose
tax was nine pounds ten shillings and eight and three-fourths pence.— William-
son, Vol. ii. p. 857.

 

the inhabitants have had no benefit therefrom ; that this present year, 1789, they
have been at near two thousand pounds charge in building a meeting-house and
bridges in said town, and will be obliged to fortify their houses and to pay about
five hundred pounds more for support of their minister and schoolmaster, if the
proprietors of unimproved land are not obliged to help them defray that charge.
And in regard that the unimproved lands are defended and bettered by the in-
habitants who venture their lives in this time of apprehended danger, and meet
with many difficulties in their settlements, and the waste lands make up near
nine-tenths of the whole township.”
TAXES—STROUDWATER BRIDGE. 443

pounds. These were exclusive of the road tax which was
paid in labor.

The inhabitants found Stroudwater bridge a heavy expense ;
to relieve themselves from which they resorted to various
expedients. In 1747 they applied unsuccessfully to the court
of sessions to make its support a county charge. In 1749 they
raised one hundred pounds, old tenor, for repairing it, and
the same year petitioned the General Court to grant them a
toll to maintain it. But this measure not succeeding, they
raised a committee to select a place higher up the river for a
new bridge, and apply to the court of sessions for leave to
build one. They were however still doomed to bear the bur-
den, and as a last resort, they levied a tax of eight pence a day
on each vessel that loaded at the bridge.!

The principal money taxes were those for schools, and the
support of the ministry; the highway tax was usually paid in
labor upon the roads. The support of the poor had not become
so burdensome as it was after the revolution. The town had not
thought it necessary to procure a building for paupers until 1761,
when they appropriated one hundred and six pounds to buy a
house and adjoining land of Ebenezer Mayo, which was after-
ward used for a work-house.? The highest school tax before
the revolution, was three hundred pounds, raised in 1773 ; it
had for several years fluctuated between one hundred and two
hundred and fifty pounds: the tax for town charges the same

1In 1757 a lottery was granted by Massachusetts to raise twelve hundred
pounds for the purpose of building a bridge over the Presumpscot at the lower
falls, and another over the Saco at Biddeford. The sum was raised and the
bridges built.

3In 1755 a large number of Acadians or Neutral French, as they were called,
were carried from Nova Scotia and landed in different colonies with a view to
prevent the continual out-breaking of that people against the English arms; more
than one thousand persons were brought to Massachusetts in an ulterly desti-
tute condition ; these were distributed to different towns to be supported. Fal-
mouth had a number of them for whose support in one year government allowed
one hundred and forty-one pounds,
444 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

year was one hundred and twenty-three pounds ;' the highest
parish tax was in 1774, three hundred and seventy-five pounds
eleven shillings and two pence, excluding the year 1749, when
although nominally higher, in consequence of the depreciation
of the paper medium, being five hundred and eleven pounds
thirteen shillings and nine pence, it was really not more than
an eighth part of that sum in coin.

As we have occasion to speak so often of the currency of the
ante-revolutionary period, it may not be improper in this con-
nection to give a brief view of the introduction and fluctuation
of paper money in the colony. The first emission of paper in
Massachusetts was made in 1690, to pay the expenses of an
unfortunate expedition against Canada.? The facility of rais-
ing money in this manner made it popular with the government,
who frequently resorted to it in cases of emergency, in prefer-
ence to the slower method of taking it directly from the pock-
ets of the people. The people also preferred it, because it
saved them from direct taxation. The system repeatedly pro-
duced great embarrassments to trade and ruinous effects upon
all the interests of the community, by the fluctuation in the
value of the paper, which was always considerably depreciated.
Different expedients were resorted to at different periods to

1 The same year men were allowed four shillings a day on the roads and three
shillings for a pair of oxen. The whole valuation of property on the Neck, and
the families at Back Cove was nine thousand four hundred and eight pounds
sixteen shillings. The highest valuation on the Neck in 1772, was Brig. Preble’s,
three hundred and eleven pounds eight shillings ; the next, E. Ilsley’s three hund-
red pounds, B. Titcomb’s, one hundred and eighty-seven pounds, J. Waite’s,
one hundred and seventy-one pounds, J. Butler, one hundred and thirty-six
pounds.

2 The form of the bills first issued was as follows: ‘This indented bill of —,
due from the Massachusetts colony to the possessor, shall be in value equal to
money ; and shall be accepted accordingly by the Treasurer and, the Receivers
subordinate to him in all public payments and for any stock at any time in the
Treasury. Boston, in New England, February 3d, 1690. By order of the Gen-
eral Court.”
CURRENCY—ITS FLUCTUATIONS. 445

counteract the burdensome effects of the depreciation, but with
only temporary success; the paper was never the representa-
tive of gold and silver. The currency successively bore the
names, as new emissions were made, of old tenor, middle ten-
or, new tenor first, and new tenor second. In 1748 old tenor
was worth only twenty-five per cent. of new tenor, and at that
time the provincial debt was about two million four hundred
and fifty thousand pounds, old tenor, equal to about one million
in silver. The amount had been vastly increased by the ex-
pedition to Cape Breton, to meet the expenses of which, bills
to an amount exceeding two million pounds, old tenor, had been
issued. At the commencement of the expedition, the depre-
ciation was about five to one; that is, it required an issue of
five hundred pounds in paper to pay one hundred pounds in
silver. But at the termination of the war, the large amount
of bills issued had so much reduced the value, that it required
eleven hundred pounds in paper to purchase one hundred
pounds in silver. It must be remembered that in that day
and even until the recent great influx of gold, silver was the
common standard and regulator of values. The gold used
was principally foreign coin, as the doubloon of Spain, moidores
and johannes of Portugal, etc.

The following table will exhibit at a single view the depre-
ciation of the bills at successive periods during the existence
of the paper system as compared with exchange on London
and the price of silver; to which is added the daily pay of the
representatives, and the amount of the province tax at differ-
ent periods.

Years. Exc.on London. One oz. of silver. Daily pay of Rep. Prov. tax.

1702, 133 6s. 10d. 3s. £6,000
1705, 135 7s.

1713, 150 8s.

1716, 175 9s. 3d.

1717, 295 12s,

1722, 270 14s, 4s. £6,000

1728, 340 18s.
446 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1730, 380 20s. 6s. £8.000
1737, 500 26s.

1741, 550 28s, 10s. £39,000
1749, 1100 60s. 30s. 1

By this table it will be perceived that one hundred and thirty-
three pounds in New England currency, which was worth one
hundred pounds sterling, the par value in 1702, had so much
depreciated in 1749, that one hundred pounds sterling could
not be purchased short of eleven hundred pounds of the paper.

In 1748 the English government appropriated one hundred
and eighty-three thousand six hundred and forty-nine pounds
sterling, to defray the expense of the Cape Breton expedition
incurred by Massachusetts, and in December of that year the
provincial government passed an act to apply this fund to the
redemption of the bills of credit, over two million pounds of
which it would redeem at their depreciated rate. This judi-
cious law took effect April 1st, 1750. The amount paid by
the English government was remitted in silver to enable the
province to carry into effect its just design.? By the act there
was paid from the treasury, one Spanish milled dollar for every
forty-five shillings of old tenor bills, and the same sum for
every eleven shillings and three pence in bills of the new or
middle tenor. All debts contracted after that time, were to
be paid in coined silver. This sudden change in the currency
of the country produced at first, as might have been expected,
great embarrassment. The immediate consequence was a se-
rious deficiency in the circulating medium, and an advance in

1 Douglas Sum. In 1748 the province tax was sixty thousand pounds, in 1745
it was one hundred and twenty thousand pounds, in 1747, one hundred sixty-
eight thousand three hundred and twenty-four pounds, in 1748, three hundred
eighty-one thousand six hundred and seventy-two pounds, the nominal amount
having been swelled up by the rapid fall of the currency ; silver had been driven
out of circulation by the immense issues of paper.

? April 2, 1750. This day the province treasury is open and silver is given out
for our province bills, which now cease to pass. This is the most remarkable
epoch of this province. Its affairs are now brought to a crisis. —Smith’s Journal.
CURRENCY. A447

price of all the articles of necessity as well as of traffic. Our
minister, Mr. Smith, was in Boston in June after the law went
into operation, and makes the following remarks on the sub-
ject. “Tis a time of great perplexity and distress here, on
account of the sinking of the paper currency. There is a ter-
rible clamor, and things are opening for the extremest confusion
and difficulties. The merchants, shopkeepers, and others, in
Boston, having for some years past got money easily and plen-
tifully by the abundance of that fraudulent and iniquitous
currency, and abandoned themselves to the utmost extrava-
gance and luxury in all their way of living, are now in a sad
toss and make outrageous complaints at the stop put to it by
the late act.” The true cause of the difficulty however, al-
though extravagance and luxury may have inflamed the evil,
was an actual deficiency in the circulation, for commercial and
other purposes; and it was sometime before the new medium
could wear for itself an appropriate channel. The poorer
classes from a wrong estimate of the value of silver, supposed
that the rich had hoarded it up, and riots took place in Boston
and other towns, in consequence of the real and imaginary
evils which had been conjured up. But these, at length, all
yielded to the steady and salutary progress of a sound curren-
cy, which like the light and dew of heaven, diffused its bless-
ings alike on rich and poor; and in a few months the people
came to entertain an unconquerable aversion to paper. So
great a change after this time took place in the monetary sys-
tem of Massachusetts, and gold and silver had so much in-
creased in it by the wise policy of the government in relation
to paper money, that it obtained the name of silver money col-
ony.!

While population, as we have noticed, was making rapid
progress in town, its wealth and business increased, and its
resources were constantly developing. The construction of

1 Hutchinson, vol iii. p. 350.
448 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

their buildihgs created, at the commencement of the settlement,
an urgent demand for lumber, the manufacture of which soon
gave employment toa large number of people. At what pre-
cise time, or in what place the first mill was built, we cannot
ascertain. The earliest record we find in relation to this sub-
ject is in May, 1720, when the town voted “that every saw-
mill already erected, and that shall hereafter be erected, shall
pay six pence per M. for each thousand sawed in said mills for
three years next ensuing.” We believe the first mill to have
been at Capisic, and are confident that after the destruction of
the town in 1690, none had been built on the Presumpscot
previous to that time. The width of that river in our neigh-
borhood, rendered the expense of a dam upon it, too serious
an undertaking for our settlers. Much was not done in this
branch of business until after the peace of 1726, probably
nothing more than to supply the immediate uses of the people.
After that event, the influx of speculators and settlers gave in-
creased animation to the trade. In 1727, Mr. Smith says “a
saw-mill was built, and several of the inhabitants begun to get
logs ;” the mill referred to by him was no doubt at Capisic, he
speaks of it as ‘‘the old sawmill that was Ingersoll’s.”

In June 1728 the privilege of Long Creek was granted “to
Samuel Cobb, William Rogers, Francis Hull, and John Owen,
to build a sawmill on,” and at the same time Muscle Cove
Stream! was granted to Benjamin Blackstone for the same pur-
pose. It was also voted “that Samuel Proctor, John Perry,
and Simon Armstrong have the privilege, if they can find one
unappropriated, to build a mill on within eighteen months, fit
for service, to pay the usual custom for sawing to the town, and
to saw for any persons that bring timber for their own houses
and buildings, to the halves.’ The stream called Barberry
Creek at Purpooduck, was granted to Joshua Moody and John

1 Muscle Cove is a small bay in Falmouth, east of Macworth’s Point, into which
the stream spoken of, discharges.
SAWMILLS. 449

Brown for the same purposes and on the same condition. On
the 9th of July in the same year, the north-west branch of the
Piscataquis, a small stream emptying into the Presumpscot,
was granted to Major Samuel Moody for a sawmill instead of
the one granted to him in 1720; and January 2, 1729, the falls
on the east branch of the Piscataquis, were voted to Jeremiah
Riggs, John East, and Henry Wheeler. It was not until De-
cember 2, 1729, that the falls at Saccarappa, the most valu-
able in our vicinity, were disposed of; they were then
granted to Benjamin Ingersoll, John Bailey, Benjamin Larra-
bee, Jr., and company, for the purposes for which they have
ever since been improved. In 1732, Colonel Westbrook, the
Moodys, Henry Wheeler, Phineas Jones, Moses Pearson, and
others, erected a mill on the north-west branch of the Pis-
cataquis ; and finally in 1735, Col. Westbrook, Samuel Waldo
and others built a dam and sawmill on the lower falls of the
Presumpscot.

All the privileges of sufficient consequence to attract atten-
tion or to be used profitably, appear now to have been improved.
This branch of business, whose increase was astonishingly
rapid, contributed essentially to advance the growth and pros-
perity of the town. In 1752, there were ten saw and grist
mills in the limits of the first parish, and in 1754, there were
six saw mills and ten additional saws in operation within the
same precinct. The demand soon extended beyond the supply
of the immediate wants of the settlers, and lumber became an
important article of exportation. In January, 1765, Mr.
Smith remarks, “the ships loading here are a wonderful bene-
fit to us. They take off vast quantities of timber, masts, oar
rafters, boards, &c.”” But many years before this, the exporta-
tion of lumber was one of the principal sources of the pros-
perity of the town. In fact so entirely engrossed was the
attention of our inhabitants in procuring timber and lumber,
and in building vessels, that the cultivation of the land was
neglected, and the people were compelled to procure by com-
450 HISTORY OF PORTLAND. ‘

merce articles of the first necessity. The lumber business
particularly, by its more ready command of money, held out
irresistible temptation to the people to engage in that pursuit,
which, while it produced more sudden prosperity, was yet
hostile to the agricultural interests of the territory, on which
are laid the broad and deep foundations of wealth and happi-

ness.

In consequence of this dependence upon commerce for the
supply of their most common wants, the inhabitants were often
reduced to distress by the failure of the usual supply.' Indeed
so great was the scarcity at times, that instances occurred,
where the cobs from which the corn had been taken, were
ground for bread. The coasting trade was nourished by this
course of business, and a number of vessels were constantly
employed in the importation of corn, sometimes procured
directly from the south, at others from intermediate ports, by
the exchange of our fish and lumber.?

1 Mr. Smith’s journal furnishes us ample evidence of the suffering often
produced by the deficiency of bread stuffs. /

1737, March 5. It is a melancholy time in regard to the scarcity of corn,
some have had none for several weeks. April 21. All the talk is no corn, no
hay, and there is not a peck of potatoes to eat in all the eastern country.

1741, January 10. There has been for some time a melancholy scarcity of
corn. May 14, Mr. Jones came in with nine hundred bushels of corn. Mr.
Jones sells his corn at fifteen shillings a bushel. People groan terribly at the
price.

1758, February. It is now atime of dismal scarcity for bread.

1768, March 1, To-day in God’s gracious providence, we were relieved by
the coming in of Mayhew’s schooner from Connecticut, with one thousand
bushels of Indian corn. People were reduced to the last and extremest distress,
scarce a bushel of corn in the whole eastern country.

1772, October 3. There is a famine of bread in town, no Indian and no flour ;
no pork in town or country. 1775, January 2, there is a great scarcity of corn
in this part of the country.

21737. Mr. Goodwin came in with three hundred bushels of corn. 1768,
March 28, to-day came in a sloop from Boston with three thousand bushels of
corn. March 24, a schooner came in from Cape Ann with one thousand six
hundred bushels. 25, Capt. Gooding got in with two thousand three hundred
GRISTMILLS. 451

The principal article of bread stuff imported in the early
days of the settlement, was corn, which rendered the construc-
tion of grist mills necessary; but little wheat seems to have
been used. In 1722, the stream which empties into Lawrence’s
cove in Cape Elizabeth, was granted to a company to erect a
corn mill upon, and the town’s right in a hundred acres of
land there, was given them to encourage the undertaking.
But the project did not succeed, and the people were under
the necessity of carrying their corn to Biddeford to be ground.'
In 1727, Mr. Sawyer who came here from Cape Ann, erected
a mill at Capisic, which was very successful. In 1729, James
Winslow built another on Fall brook® at Back Cove, and the
town established the toll at two quarts in a bushel. There
was also a grist mill at Lawrence’s cove in 1733. In 1748, it
appears from Mr. Smith’s journal that there was but one corn
mill in town in operation at that time, and this was owned by
Mr. Conant at Saccarappa; there was then no other between
Saco and North Yarmouth.’ Soon after this, a wind-mill was

1In the early histury of Portsmouth, the inhabitants carried their corn to
Boston for the same purpose.

2 Fall brook is a stream now almost dry, rising in swampy land in Westbrook
and flowing into Back Cove just east of Seth ‘Clark’s house, and west of the
Ilsley farm; clearing the country of forests has diminished these small streams.
This stream has become nearly dry and wholly incapable of turning a mill,
in consequence of the clearing up of the country. It has not been occupied for
many years as a mill site.

31748, February 27. Mr. Conant tells me he has ground one thousand
bushels of corn this winter, there being no other mill than his between North
Yarmouth and Saco.—Smith’s Journal.

 

bushels more. 1765, February 25, A vessel from Newbury brought in five
hundred bushels of corn, and Dyer of Purpooduck one thousand. March 4
one Davis brought from Boston one thousand bushels of corn; and neighbor
Mayo and Lt. Thomes one thousand more. 14. Jeremiah Pote came in from
North Carolina, and brought two thousand nine hundred bushels of corn. 1766,
March 20, Harper came iu with three thousand bushels of corn.—Smith’s
Journal.
These are only occasional notices made in seasons of scarcity.
452 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

erected on the corner of School and Congress streets, where
Mr. Hussey’s house now stands, which continued through the
revolutionary war. After the war, another was built on a
rocky hill in Free street, now occupied by a double brick
house, owned in 1854 by the Anderson family ; this was moved
about thirty years ago across Back Cove, on the ice, and placed
on the rising ground near Fall brook.. In 1754, there were in.
the first parish two grist mills and one wind mill. In later
times the inhabitants have been accommodated by mills at—
Lawrence’s Cove, Capisic, Deering’s Bridge, Saccarappa and
Stroudwater.

The favorable situation of the town for commercial opera-
tions, early rendered it a place of considerable trade.! Coast-
ing and fishing at first employed a few small vessels, and cord
wood, fish and lumber were transported to the western and
southern ports. Large quantities of wood cut in town, and
some of it upon the Neck as late as the revolution, were sent
to Boston, the vessels frequently going round Back Cove and
up Wear creek which empties into it, to receive their cargoes.
Ship building soon came to be a very important auxiliary and
a lucrative branch of business.” The ancestors of many of our
present men of property: laid the foundation of their fortunes
in this profitable pursuit. The first ship yard in town was on
the cove east of India street, which continued to be occu-
pied for the same purpose to 1850 ; there was another near the
foot of India street, and another between Titcomb’s wharf and
Clay Cove. James Gooding who came from Boston, was

‘April 9, 1726. Twenty-six vessels now in the harbor. September 17,
Capt. Langdon came in with a large ship. This month we always have a great
number of fishermen in here. 1727, September 10. About thirty vessels before
the door for several days. (Mr. Smith then lived at the foot of India street.)
1782, September 24. There are twelve coasting sloops, beside some schooners,
that all lie close before the door.—Smith’s Journal.

21728. One Reddin came here to build a ship. August 9. A sloop built
before my door was launched to-day. In 1737, a mast ship was built here.—
Smith's Journal.
MAST SHIPS. 453

among the earliest ship builders in town; it is said that he
was concerned in building the first ship ever launched here.
He followed the occupation more than half a century, and
instructed many active and intelligent young men in the same
business.!

A few years after the commencement of the settlement, the
English government turned its attention to this place as a
central situation for procuring masts for the royal navy. This
brought a number of large ships here annually until the revo-
lution, and became a business of great importance to the town,
furnishing a ready market for timber and encouragement to
ship building. Col. Westbrook, who was the agent appointed
by government for procuring the masts, came here from Ports-
mouth in the spring of 1727, from which place the business
had been transferred to Falmouth the winter previous. The
first ship of this kind was loaded here in May, 1727.?

1 He lived in a story and a half house, which he early built in India street,
which stood on the spot now occupied by a three-story house, built by his
grandson, Major Lemuel Weeks,* in 1804. He married the widow of Henry
Wheeler for his second wife in 1753. He was born in 1696, and died at the
house of his grand-daughter, Mrs. Bryant, in Congress street in 1780. He had
always enjoyed excellent health, having never been sick until a few days before
his death, and never lost a tooth. He had a son James who died in 1793, and
several daughters. Two of his apprentices were Deacon James Milk and
Samuel Cobb.

2The New England Weekly Journal, May 8, 1727, printed at Boston, ob-
serves: ‘We have an account that the mast business, which has for some time
been so much the benefit of the neighbor province of New Hampshire, is re-
moved farther eastward, where it has been carried on the last winter with such
success as could hardly have been: expected, considering the very little season-
able weather for it. Capt. Farles, in one of the mast ships, now lies in Casco
Bay, who, we hear, is not a little pleased with the peculiar commodiousness of
that fine harbor to carry on the said business. And as this must tend very
much to encourage the settlements of those parts of the country, especially tho
flourishing bay that will be the centre of it; so there is no reason to fear but
that our government will, in their wisdom, look upon it very much to their
interest to protect and encourage it.”

* Major Weeks’ house was moved about 1855 to Green strect, where it is used as a tavern, The
place it occupied is appropriated to the uses of the Grand Trunk Railway.
454 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The masts were brought down Fore and Presumpscot rivers,
and together with spars were prepared upon the banks, and
the ships sometimes went above Clark’s point to take them in.
There was a mast-house on the bank of the river a little below
Vaughan’s bridge, where the business was pursued, until the
revolution. The government of England kept in the colony a
surveyor general of the woods under a large salary, whose duty
it was to prevent depredations, and to select and mark trees
suitable for the navy. All persons were forbidden to cut down
the marked trees without a license, under a heavy penalty
imposed by a statute passed in 1722. The government paid a
premium of one pound a ton on masts, yards, and bowsprits,
and the commissioners of the navy had a right of pre-emption
for these articles twenty days after they were landed in Eng-
land. By the usual contract, the mast was not to exceed
thirty-six inches in diameter at the butt, and as many yards in
length as there were inches in its diameter at that end.

The ships for the transportation of this species of merchan-
dise, were constructed particularly for the purpose; they were
about four hundred tons burthen, were navigated by about
twenty-five men, and carried from forty-five to fifty masts a
voyage.' In time of war these ships were convoyed by armed

vessels, the arrival of which in this harbor is frequently noticed
in Mr. Smith’s journal.?

LIST OF PRICES OF MASTS, &C., GIVEN FOR YEAR 1770 IN ENGLAND.

MASTS, BOWSPRITS. YARDS.
Diam’r. Length. Price. Diam’r. Length. Price. Diam’r. Length. Price.
In. ¥d. St. In. Yd. St. In. Ya. St.
36 386 £110.00.0 38 25 £48.00.0 25 3d £25,12.0
35 35 88.00.0 37 25 42.00.0 24 34 25.12.0

34 34 7 2.00.0 36 241-2 36.00.0 23 32 20.08.0
83 38 56.00.0 385 231-2 34.00.0 22 31 16.16.0

1 Douglass, vol. ii, p. 53.

2 A number of masts taken from the woods previous to the revolution, ina
decayed state,in a cove at Purpooduck, a few rods east of Vaughan’s bridge,
laid till about 1830. They were kept a number of years at great expense, and
finally abandoned.
TRADE 455

32 382 44.16.0 34 23 32.00.0 21 291-2 14.08.0
3l 31 35.04.0 33 221-2 24.16.0 20 28 11.12.0
30 36 28.00.0 32 211-2 23.04.0 19 27 9 04.0
29 29 22.08.0 31 21 20.16.0 18 2512 7.04.0
28 29 18.08.0 30 201-2 16.00.0 17 241-2 56.040
27 29 14.08.0 29 191-2 12.00.0
26 28 12.16.0 38 19 6.16 0
27 18 1-2 5.07.0
0

20 171-2 4.16.

The price at the king’s navy yard for thirty-six inch masts in 1768, was one
hundred and fifty-three pounds and two shillings.

On the conclusion of the war of 1744, the trade of the town
acquired a new stimulus, by the accession of some very enter_
prismg men. Among these was Capt. Alexander Ross, who
came from Stroma, in Scotland. He commenced business in
a store which stood in Fore street, near where the three story
house lately occupied by Mrs. Oxnard now stands ; this store
he afterward moved into Middle street and connected it with a
house which he built on the corner of the street leading to
Clay Cove, and which is now standing. He carried on, until
the time of his death, a large and profitable business with the
Island of Great Britain, and was the most wealthy merchant

of his day in this town.' Not long after Mr. Ross, Robert Pa-

1 Captain Ross brought his family here November 23, 1753; he died in Novem-
ber, 1768, aged fifty-nine, leaving but one daughter, who married the late Col.
William Tyng, and died without issue.

The following extracts from Mr. Smith’s Journal will give some idea of the
trade here: 1756, September 28. Capt. Ross had a large ship launched. Octo-
ber 30, in the harbor are Rouse, Tenney, Granger, the Deal ships, and a snow
from Boston.

1761, August 23. Capt. Ross came in, in a large ship to load, as did ‘cape
Malcom, sometime ago, beside which there lie here the three mast ships and the
man of war.

1762, October 29. Captain Ross in a large ship of seven hundred tons, came
here to load, as did a snow of his a few days ago, beside which there are five
other ships and snows here a loading. (Snows had two masts and were rigged
like brigs at the present day.)

1763, August 27. Captains Darling and Haggett in mast ships came in last
night as did two ships before this week to load by Captain Ross.

- 1766, November 1. There are six large ships now lying in the harbor.

Mr. Smith’s Journal does not present a full account of the arrival and depart-
ure of vessels, nor have we noticed all that he has mentioned ; sufficient is given
to show the character of our ante-revolution foreign trade.
456 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

gan, another Scotch merchant came here to reside. He pur-
sued the lumber business and ship building on a large scale.
The ships which were built were not generally employed in
our trade, but with their cargoes sent to Europe and sold.
Mr. Pagan kept on the corner of India and Fore streets,
the largest stock of goods which was employed here before
the war; he was a man of popular manners and much be-
loved by the people, but taking part on the unpopular side
in politics at the commencement of our revolutionary strug-
gle, he left the country, and after the war established himself
at St. Andrews in the province of New Brunswick, where
he died November 23, 1821, aged seventy-one. His wife whom
he married in this town, was a daughter of Jeremiah Pote, also
a respectable merchant of that day.'. Mr Pagan was born in
Glasgow in 1750, and was proscribed in the act of 1778. He
became one of the principal men in the Province of New Bruns-
wick ; agent for the sale of Crown lands; Judge of a county
court, colonel in the militia, and a leading member of the Gen-
eral Assembly. Miriam, his widow, whom he married in 1775,
died January, 1828, aged eighty-one. They left no issue.

In addition to the timber and lumber trade, a few vessels of
a smaller class were employed in the West India business,
maintaining a direct intercourse with the Islands and bringing
home rum, sugar, and molasses in exchange for lumber and
fish. This had grown up a few years previous to the revolu-
tion to become an object of considerable importance. A num-
ber of vessels were also employed in the fishery. .

The following table will show the quantity of shipping own-
ed here at different periods before the revolution ; it does not
indicate the extent of our trade because it does not include the

1 Jeremiah Pote was son of William Pote who came to, Falmouth from Marble-
head in 1738. He became a loyalist in 1775, and was proscribed; he went to
New Brunswick and after the peace he settled at St. Andrews, where he died
November 23, 1796, aged seventy-one. His son Robert died without issue, 1794.
One daughter, Miriam, married Robert Pagan, another Thomas Wyer.
AMOUNT OF SHIPPING 457

large lumber ships which although owned abroad, regularly
visited our harbor.

Year. Tons. Class, Remarks.
1752, 1367, 7schrs, 15 sloops The largest of these was 80 tons
1753, 1344, 1 brig of 100 tons,
the rest schooners The brig belonged to Jeremiah
and sloops. Pote.
1754, 1237, schrs. and sloops.
1773 2020 The principal owners were Enoch

Isley, 403 tons, Simeon Mayo,
163, Benj. Titcomb, 130, Jer.
Pote, 122, Jedediah Preble, 110
Stephen Waite, 105, Thomas
Sandford, 90 tons.

1774, 5355, Of this E. Ilsley owned 272, Pote
208, 8. Waite 185, 8. Mayo 133,
R. Pagan 175, B. Titcomb 175,
T. Sandford 140, Jed. Preble
135, Thos. Oxnard 121.

The shipping contained in the table was owned wholly by
persons who lived on the Neck. There was beside this a con-
siderable amount of tonnage owned in Cape Elizabeth, more
probably, before the revolution, than there is at this day. As
early as 1745 there were owned in that precinct five schooners
and five sloops, and at a subsequent period the West India
business was carried on there to a considerable extent, princi-
pally by William Simonton and Ezekiel Cushing. Mr. Simon-
ton had a large and valuable wharf in the cove which bears his
name, where not only his own but other vessels were found
pursuing a profitable traffic.? More commercial business was

1 The vessels built in the thirteen colonies amounted in -1760 to 20,001 tons.
1775 “ 20,610 “
1771 “ 24,068 “
In 1772, one hundred and eighty-two vessels were built, in the thirteen
colonies, whose tonnage amounted to 26,544 tons.—Seyb, Stat., p. 310.

2Col. Cushing did his business on the point where he lived, and which now
bears nis name. His house was two stories, the lower one of which is now stand-
ing. He was one of the most respectable men in this vicinity, was connected with
g.
458 HISTORY OF PORLAND.

done at Cape Elizabeth previous to 1760 than on the Neck.
Simonton’s Cove was frequently thronged with vessels, and
mechanics from this side often sought employment there. But
the revolution proved very destructive to that town; it drew
off a large proportion of its active population and annihilated
its commerce. It became a mere fishing place for many years,
and the people fell into dissolute habits. It is now in a flour-
ishing condition, occupied by an enterprising and energetic
population, which is pursuing with success, various branches
of commercial, mechanical, and agricultural employments. It
is one of the best agricultural towns in the county; its exten-
sive river and sea-coast give it an eminent advantage in these
several departments.

Falmouth was the only collection district in Maine previous
to the revolution. In 1701, naval offices were established by
law in every seaport in the province, “for the entering and
clearing of all ships and other vessels trading to and from it,”
and a fee table was prepared for their regulation.1 The colony
laws relating to imports were numerous. At first, small duties
were laid upon wines and spirits, which were afterward ex-
tended to “all goods, wares, merchandizes, and provisions of
all sorts, excepting fish, sheep’s wool, cotton wool, salt,” and a
few other articles of common necessity. By a statute passed in

1 Fee for entry of vessels from all places abroad except from Pennsylvania,
the Jerseys, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, was one shilling,
and from those provinces six pence per entry or four shillings a year at the mas--
ter’s choice. ‘For clearing and certificate of the lading two shillings and six
pence.” Prov. L. 1701. By subsequent laws, the fees were increased.

 

the family of the samename in the old colony from which he came. He married
a daughter of Dominicus Jordan of Cape Elizabeth, and died in 1765. Further
particulars may be found in a biographical notice ona subsequent page. William
Simonton is the ancestor of all of that name, in this neighborhood; he died in 1794,
aged one hundred years. He was one of the Scotch-Irish emigrants that came
over from Londonderry in 1718. Andrew, probably his brother, was another of
the company ; they were admitted inhabitants in 1727.
COLLECTION OF. THE CUSTOMS. 459

1670, by Massachusetts, the duty was ad valorem, one penny
for every twenty shillings value, but the tariff was then as now,
the subject of continual alteration.

When the naval office was opened in this port, we have been
unable to ascertain. Moses Pearson is said to have been the
first naval officer, which was probably about 1730. He was
succeded by Enoch Freeman in 1749, who was appointed dep-
uty collector in 1750. Jabez Fox succeeded Mr. Freeman as
naval officer and continued until his death in April, 1755, when
he was succeeded by Stephen Longfellow. They were appointed
by Benjamin Pemberton of Boston. I find on Mr. Freeman’s
books the following entries. “Profit and Loss Dr. to Hon
Samuel Solley, for my half ye fees of entries and clearances
from the last account exhibited viz, from April 4, 1753 to 18th
September, 1754.

Clearance foreign 42 at 10s. 8d. £22. 8.

Entries e 37 at 10s. 8d. 19. 14. 8.

Coasting clearance 23 3. 6.

“ entries 7 1.0.8. £46. 9.4.
’ One half allowed me by agreement £23. 4. 8.”

The time embraced in this account is one year, five months,
and fourteen days, and shows one entry every twelve days on
an average and one clearance in about eight days.

But the business of the town increasing, it was thought
proper to establish a collection district here in 1758, and
Francis Waldo was appointed the first collector.'| There were
at that time but two collection districts in Massachusetts, the
new one included all the harbors from York to the easternmost
part of the province. Waldo appointed Allon M’Lean his
deputy, who continued until 1760, when he was accidentally

1In a letter to Stephen Longfellow, dated March 27, 1758, Waldo writes, “I
intend soon for Falmouth to take on me the office of collector and surveyor of
the port of Falmouth. In the mean time, if you think proper, you are hereby
authorized to act for me as my deputy.” Mr. Longfellow had previously acted
as naval officer under Pemberton of Boston,
460 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

killed.!’ Mr. Longfellow was greatly offended by his removal to
give place to McLean. All collectors in the colonies were ap-
pointed by a board of commissioners established in England
in 1696, for managing the commercial affairs of the planta-
tions, for the purpose of more vigorously enforcing the several
acts of trade. By these narrow laws, the whole industry of
the colonies was hampered and made subservient to the man-
ufacturing industry and wealth of England. This Board con-
sisted of a first lord commissioner and seven other commission-
ers. The principal seat of the power and influence of this
board in America was in Boston, where maritime affairs were
administered by a surveyor-general, a commissioner, a comp-
troller, a court of admiralty, etc.

For several years previous to 1767, there were four survey-
ors general on the continent, appointed by the crown at the
expense’ of one thousand pounds sterling each; from their
decision an appeal lay to the office for American affairs in Lon-
don. John Temple was surveyor general for the northern dis-
trict including all New England, and resided in Boston,? He

1 Francis Waldo was the second son of Brig. Waldo, and graduated at Har-
vard College, 1747. He never was married, a disappointment in that quarter in
1768, induced him to abandon the idea. He writes in September of that year,
“Miss has behaved in a manner so base, ungrateful and false, that I don’t
expect any further connection there.” He was a representative of the town in
1762 and 1763; at the commecement of the revolution he went to England and
never returned. His estates here were confiscated under the absentee act and sold
in 1782. He died in Tunbridge, Eng., June 9, 1784. M’Lean was killed in the
house of Captain Ross, in Middle street in March, 1760, by the falling of the garret
floor loaded with corn. This fell upon M’Lean inthe chamber, carried that floor
down and killed John Fleet in the kitchen. They were both from Scotland,
each twenty-six years old, and buried in one grave. Great sympathy was ex-
cited by the occasion. Mr. Smith says, “it was the largest and most solemn

funeral that ever was in town.” A monument was erected over their grave with
an appropriate inscription, which still remains in the eastern cemetery.

 

?John Temple married Elizabeth, a daughter of James Bowdoin of Boston,
January 1767, He was a Baronet. He died November 17, 1799, leaving four
children, two sons and two daughters. His daughter Elizabeth, married the Hon.

Thomas L, Winthrop of Boston, and was the mother of the Hon. Robert C. Win-
throp of Boston.
‘ COLLECTION OF THE CUSTOMS. 461

had a general superintendence of the officers of the customs
throughout his district. In 1767, this system was changed and
a board of commissioners was established at Boston for the
colonies, to whom was entrusted the powers exercised by the
surveyors general and the board of American affairs at London.
When the English government commenced the system of rais-
ing a revenue from America, an increased activity and vigi-
lance was communicated to all the offices connected with the
collection of the customs, accompanied by a multiplication of
officers. In this port in 1763, in pursuance of strict orders
from the surveyor general, Mr. Waldo issued a proclamation
against smuggling of rum, sugar, and molasses, which had
previously been winked at, and the officers were directed to
execute the law with vigor. In 1765, Arthur Savage was ap-
pointed comptroller of the port, and Thomas Child tide sur-
veyor. Mr. Waldo was frequently absent from his post, some
times on voyages to England, during which times Mr. Child
discharged the duties of his office as deputy.!

In 1770, George Lyde was appointed collector of the port by
the board of commissioners, who appointed Thomas Oxnard of
this town as his deputy. The fees of the collector were about
one hundred and fifty pounds a year. At the commencement
of the revolution, the officers of the customs here were Mr.
Lyde, Mr. Oxnard, Mr. Child, weigher and guager, David

1 Savage had been an auctioneer in Boston; in 1757, he kept on the north side
of the town dock; he was paid by fees. He came here in July, 1765, with his
family and lived in a house which stood in the rear of where the Casco Bank is.
Mr. Child’s salary as tide surveyor, was twenty-five pounds sterling a year, and
when he acted as deputy collector in the absence of Mr. Waldo, the collector
allowed him twelve per cent, of his fees. Mr. Savage was often absent, partic-
ularly after the popular excitements commenced here; on such occasions he
confided the duty of his office to Mr. Child. In 1769. Mr. Child was appointed
“land waiter,” with a salary of thirty pounds sterling, and weigher and guager
with an allowance of three pence on a cask of Mulasses, and six pence ona
cask of sugar, etc. He married a daughter of Enoch Freeman, by whom he
had several children; he died in 1787, his widow in 1812.
462 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Wyer, senior, tide surveyor, and Arthur Savage, comptroller.
On the breaking out of the war, all the persons connected with
the custom-house, except Mr. Child, joined the royal party and
left the country. Mr. Child was then appointed to the princi-
pal charge of the post by Massachusetts, under the title of
naval officer, and held it until his death in 1787. Before the
revolution, the custom-house was kept in a dwelling-house on
the corner of India and Middle streets, and was burnt in the
conflagration of the town.

On the death of Mr. Child, Nathaniel Fadre Fosdick was
appointed by Massachusetts, naval officer or collector in Jan-
uary, 1788. Mr. Fosdick received at night, through Mr. Na-
thaniel Deering, notice of Mr. Child’s death, with a hint to
move quick. He immediately started for Boston in the midst
of a violent snow storm, to make application for the vacant
place. His promptitude secured the prize, to the discomfort-
ure of other competitors whose horses were not saddled till the
next day. Mr. Fosdick was born in Marblehead in 1760, grad-
uated at Harvard college in 1779, and came to Portland, after
the war, to engage in commercial operations. On the organi-
zation of the U. S. government, he received the appointment
of collector, and held it until December 1802, when he was
removed by Mr. Jefferson, to give place to Mr. Isaac Isley.
The office was then kept ina one-story wooden building, which
stood next above where the Casco Bank is now situated. He
lived in the house which stands on the corner of Pearl and
Federal strects, south-west side, whose appearance is unchanged
from that day. Mr. Fosdick was a hightoned federalist, and a
man of fine personal appearance, and social and genial quali-
ties. He married Abigail, a daughter of Ephraim Jones, by
whom he had several children. He moved to Salem soon after
his loss of office, where he died in 1819. His widow died in
Boston April 5, 1851, aged ninety-one, the last survivor of
the numerous family of Ephraim Jones.
COLLECTION OF THE CUSTOMS. 463

Mr. Fosdick’s successors in the office of collector have been
as follows:

Tsaac Isley, 1802, removed 1829,
John Chandler, 1829, retired 1837.
John Anderson, 1837, term expired 1841.

Nathan Cummings, 1841, removed 1843.
John Anderson, 1845, term expired 1845.

Robert P. Dunlap, 1845, a 1849,
Luther Jewett, 1849, “ 1853.
Ezra Carter, Jr., 1853, ‘ ue 1857.
Moses McDonald, 1857, “ ss 1861.
Jedediah Jewett. 1861, died 1863.

Israel Washburn, Jr. 1863.

The amount of duties paid at the office here before the rev-
olution, we are unable to ascertain. The comptroller’s fees
for entering and clearing vessels for one month from Septem-
ber 10, 1770, were eleven pounds and one shilling; in 1771,
from June 27 to July 20, they were sixteen pounds eight shil-
lings and four pence; from December 11, 1771 to February
11, 1772, they were twenty pounds and seventeen shillings,
and the same year from February 22, to May 8, two months
and a half, nineteen pounds sixteen shillings and four pence,
lawful money.’ :

Beside the officers of the customs, there was established at
Boston a general impost officer, chosen annually by the general
court, with a salary of two hundred pounds, who superin-
tended the collection of the excise; he had a deputy in each
of the out ports, with a salary of forty pounds a year. In
1756 the law was altered and the excise was farmed out. In
1763, Theophilus Bradbury was chosen collector, and Francis
Waldo and Stephen Longfellow, the same year were appointed
to farm out the excise on tea, coffee, and China-ware for the
county of Cumberland.

1 The amount paid into the colony treasury by the excise, import and tonnage
duties, was in 1726, £8,800 equal to $10,878 of our money.
“ 1847, £17,616
“ 1748, £33,480, old tenor, equal to $15,500 of our money.
464 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The principal traders in town previous to the revolution,
were Alexander Ross and Robert Pagan before mentioned,
Thomas Smith who commenced in 1756, and kept on the cor-
ner of Essex and Middle streets, Enoch Freeman, Thomas
Mosely, and Enoch Moody; there were beside a few shops
where small articles were to be found, kept by Barbara Robin-
son, Mary Moody and Mary Bradbury. In 1760 the following
persons were licensed to retail tea, coffee, etc. viz. Enoch Moody,
Alexander Ross, Wm. Bucknam, John Marston, Mary Brad-
bury, Mary Woodbury, and Esther Woodbury.!.

At the time of the revolution, in addition to most of the
above, stores were kept by Richard Codman, on the corner of
Exchange street, Thomas Cumming and John Butler in their
houses on India street. Alexander Ross and Thomas Moseley
hadidied ; the widow of the latter succeeded to his business and
kept on Fore street. The mode of doing business was differ-
ent at that day from what it is at present; there was no sepa-
ration in the branches of trade, but the same store contained
English and West India goods and groceries without distinc-
tion. The dealing in the absence of a free circulation of money
was by barter; there was but little of the common medium of
exchange at that day more than was necessary to answer the
immediate uses of the people, for the payment of taxes and
other necessary purposes. The currency was entirely in silver
and gold, the transportation of which was burdensome and
unsafe; there were no banks, and after 1750 no paper money.”

1 These I think all lived upon the Neck but William Bucknam, who lived at
New Casco. The licensed inholders in town in 1760, were Jane Woodbury,
William Bucknam, Robert Mitchell, (Spurwink) Joseph Parker, and Robert
‘Thorndike, (Cape Elizabeth) Joshua Freeman, (Neck) John Thomes, (sign of
the red cow, on the road to Stroudwater) Charles Gerrish, and Samuel Conant.

2Some of the old people who lived through those days and down to ours,
came very reluctantly into the modern mode of doing business. Moses Plumer,
who had acquired considerable property before the revolution, never would come
into the new fashion, but always would trade in the old way; he was so tena-
cious of the ancient custom, that he acquired the name of the “Old Way,” which
he retained for many years,
WHARVES. 465

Before the revolution there were no wharves of any consid-
erable length in our harbor; the longest extended from Jor-
dan’s Point ;! another of less length projected from the other
side of that cove near the town landing, which was called Pote’s
wharf, from Jeremiah Pote who owned and occupied it; the
principal mercantile business was done at these two wharves.
It had been in contemplation to unite the two and form a dock,
but they were both destroyed in the conflagration of the town,
and the project defeated. On the revival of trade, business
forsook its former places and advanced further westward.
There was a wharfon each side of the entrance into Clay Cove,
one called Preble’s, the other Pearson’s, from their respective
owners ; there was also a short one in the cove called Tyng’s
wharf, which still remains, being a little west of the railway,
having received a large addition. Besides these, which were all
of short extent, there were breast-works where Central and
Long wharves and the Pier, now are, which were occupied for
mechanic’s shops. On Waite’s breast-work, where Central
wharf is, stood Deacon Titcomb’s blacksmith shop; on Deering’s,
near the foot of Exchange street, was a boat-builder’s shop, in
which Deacon Milk, and after him his son-in-law Mr. Decring
labored many years, with an industry which enabled them to
accumulate a handsome estate.!. There was no wharf or breast

1 This was called Distillery Wharf, from a distillery situated upon it.

2Clay Cove, that noted place, with many other land marks of the early days
of our history, alas, are obliterated, and the ancient men and women who wan-
der through our streets, seek in‘vain their accustomed haunts. ‘Say not that
the old things are better than the new.”

l Nathaniel Deering came here about 1761, from Kittery, where he was born
June 1, 1739, the oldest son of fourteen children, His father died poor, when
he was eighteen years old, and the responsibility of contributing to the support
and provision of this large family, fell, in a considerable degree upon him. At
the age of twenty-two he came east to find employment, and after visiting vari-
ous places, he established himself in Falmouth in his occupation as a boat and
shipbuilder. His mother about the same time married Deacon James Milk, and
these circumstances drew most of the family here, In 1763, James, a son of
466 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

work previous to the revolution above Waite’s. Mr. Mayo did
his business at Distillery wharf, and was a proprietor with the
Waites and Major Danicl Ulsley in the distillery. Brigadier
Preble and the Oxnards had stores on Preble’s wharf, and
Ephraim Broad kept a large grocery store there a short time
before the war.

Having now made a hasty review of the commercial charac-
ter of the town to the period of the revolution, we propose to
close this chapter with a notice of its general situation and ap-

pearance.
The condition of the town even so late as the revolution,
can hardly be conceived of by those who have lived but one

 

Deacon Milk, married Mary, a sister of Mr. Deering, which was followed the
next year by the marriage of Nathaniel Deering with Dorcas, a daughter of
Deacon Milk, and in 1766, by the marriage of his brother John with Eunice,
another daughter of Mr. Milk. This quadruple alliance formed a strong family
cement, and concentrated the efforts and extended the influence of prominent
sand enterprising men, which enabled them to accumulate property and created
a large business. His mother died in 1769, at the age of fifty-eight, and in 1772
Deacon Milk died, leaving a large estate to be divided among his seven children.
Among other portions was the now very valuable tract lying between Exchange
and Lime streets, and extending from Middle street to low water mark, a large
part of which still remains in the family. He lived in a house which stood on
the river bank at the corner of Fore and Exchange streets, overlooking the har-
bor; his brother John lived about half way up Exchange street, and John Nich-
ols and Joseph H. Ingraham, who married daughters of Deacon Milk, lived below
on Fore street. Nathaniel Deering died in 1795, and his widow in 1826, at the
advanced age of eighty-five, leaving two children, James and Mary; the latter
married in 1801, the justly distinguished commodore, Edward Preble, by whom
she had an only child, who bore his father’s name.

Mr. Deering was a man of energy and business capacity ; he was twice one of
the selectmen; after the war he engaged largely in commercial business, to ac-
commodate which and promote the facilities of mercantile affairs in town, he en-
gaged in the enterprise of extending the pier or breast-work, which had belonged
to Deacon Milk and his own boat vard, near the foot of Exchange street, into the
spacious wharf, which from its extent took the name of Long wharf, and was
for many years the principal commercial center for the shipping of the port. It
was commenced in 1793. The death of such a man in the vigor of life and in
he midst of large enterprises was a serious loss to the community.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NECK. 467

generation. A bare statement of the fact that in 1769 a bear
was killed in Brackett’s swamp; and still later, in 1772 that a
moose was started in the field north of Congress street, and kil-
led upon the flats of Back Cove, will make a deeper impression
of the narrow extent of our settlement and the thinness of the
population than any detailed description that we could give.
Where these wild animals then strayed, we find streets and
permanent buildings and cultivated gardens. At that time
there was no house upon the Neck north of Congress street,
and the back fields as they were then called, were covered with
bushes intermixed with tall forest trees.’

At the time of the destruction of that part of Falmouth
which is now Portland, there were upon the Neck two hundred
and thirty dwelling-houses. The public buildings were the
meeting-house of the first parish, the episcopal church which
stood on the corner of Church and Middle streets, a new court-
house nearly finished, on the corner of India and Middle
@ects, a town house in Greele’s Lane, now Hampshire street,
Originally the first meeting-house, and a jail which stood where
the. old city hall now strnds. These buildings were all of
wood, few were painted, and those few generally red.” Two
or, three houses had brick ends,’ and about the same number

1We hear from Falmouth, Casco Bay, that since last spring, there has been
raised the frames of above fifty dwelling-houses, within half a mile of each
other.—Boston Eve. Post, July 15, 1765.

2 Deacon Codman’s house stood on the corner of Temple and Middle streets,
with a spacious front yard extending to Middle street; it was built in 1762, one
of the best houses in town; it was burnt about 1845. Dr. Watts’ house fronted
on Middle street, and was a spacious mansion, as may still be seen on Lime street
opposite the Post-office, although shorn of its beauty by rough usage and mod-
ern deformity. Mr. Waldo’s, below the Freeman house on Middle street, and
two or three others were painted a light color. The meeting-houses were not
painted.

“2 One of these was John Butler’s, on the west side of India street near the
foot; another was John Greenwood’s which stood on the spot now occupied by
thé Middle street part of Wood’s hotel. It was removed to make room for that
structure. It was built in 1774 by John Greenwood, a cabinet-maker, son of
468 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

were three-stories high.! The most ancient and dense part of
the town was destroyed, the oldest house which now remains is
one built by Enoch Moody in 1740: it now belongs to his heirs,
and stands on the corner of Congress and Franklin streets.
Another ancient one stands in the rear of Warren & Hersey’s
brick building in Fore street, one-story high, and was built by
Benjamin Proctor on his father’s lot. The M’Lellan house in
Congress street, just above Brown street, was built in 1755 by
Hugh M’Lellan of Gorham, who brought the frame from that
place, for his daughter, who married Joseph M’Lellan. The
lot when the house was erected, was five acres, and extended
from Congress to Spring street. Down to the period of the
revolution, there was but one house above this on the same
side of Congress street until you come to Mr. Frost’s, near
Stroudwater Bridge; the land was entirely vacant on the one
side to Anthony Brackett’s house, which stood where Brackett
street now joins Danforth street, and on the other the view
of the harbor was uninterrupted. All the upper part of the
town above this five acre lot was owned by Joshua and Anthony
Brackett, by inheritance from their father, Joshua, the son of
Thomas Brackett and Mary Mitton, and was improved by them

1 Butler’s, Watts’; Greenwood’s, and Brigadier Preble’s; the latter, after the
war, was reduced a story, but was afterward restored. It stood in the rear of
where the Casco Bank is, and was quite famous. Pres. John Adams boarded
there with Jonathan Webb. Savage the collector lived there when the revolution
broke out; the Prebles occupied it; Commodore Preble lived there at the time
of his death and was buried from it. In more recent times it was used as a
hotel, and Burnham, Mitchell, Morehead, Thompson, and others, sumptuously
entertained their guests there. It was burnt in June, 1856

 

Prof. Isaac Greenwood of Harvard College. He bought the lot of John Proc-
tor in 1772, for twenty-six pounds lawful, or eighty-six dollars. In 1783 he sold
the lot and house, then unfinished, to Joseph Jewett, of Scarborough, for five
hundred pounds, equivalent then to one hundred and thirty-seven silver dollars.
Mr. Jewett finished it and moved into it in 1786. He kept a store and did a
large business in the lower eastern room. He died in 1796, leaving a large
family of children, of whom Sarah, Joseph 8., and George, survive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NECK. 469

as a farm, a large part of it being covered with wood.! In
1745, the hill from High street, westerly, was covered so thick
with sapling pines that in the expressive language of an old
settler, a dog could hardly get through them; but that year
the inhabitants were so much alarmed lest the Indians and
French should find shelter among them, that they entirely
cleared the land. A new growth of hard wood sprung up, and
on the south side of this tract large trees were standing at the
beginning of the war; the large oaks which now stand on the
Vaughan land, now owned by Mr. Hersey, were about five feet
high in 1776. In 1745, there was little better than a foot path
over this hill, where Congress street now is, through the woods to
the settlement. The densest part of the population was be-
tween King, now India, and Exchange streets, but even in
that quarter there were large spaces of unoccupied land. Be-
tween Congress, then called Queen or the Back street and Mid-
dle street, west of Franklin street, then called Fiddle Lane, where
Federal street now passes, was a continued swamp to Temple
street, in which grew alder and whortleberry bushes five or six

1 Joshua Brackett was born in Greenland, N. H., where his father lived after
the first Indian war, in 1701; Anthony was born in the same place in 1707.
When they came here we cannot ascertain, it was however previous to 1728.
Joshua, built a log hut in the woods where Gray street now is, and cleared a
spot for cultivation; for many years he sent large quantities of wood cut upon
this land to Boston; he said that he had worked many a night by moonlight, in
order to have enough wood cut for the coaster when she returned. He lived
for several years in his log house, and then built a framed one opposite the head
of High street, which survived the revolution and its ownet’s life, and was sub-
sequently burnt. He died in March 1794, aged ninety-three years. Anthony
died 1784. When the Bracketts came here, and for some years after, the In-
dians had their wigwams around the swamp above their houses. Anthony lived
with Joshua until his marriage in 1733. They each left a numerous posterity,
and their blood is mingled with that of the Trotts, Smiths, Fabyans, Lunts,
Skillings, Greens, and Larrabees.

T annex a fac-simile of Joshua Brackett’s signature.

Se oa A tacked
470 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

feet high and some large trees, the stumps of which were stand-
ing as late as the revolution. Near the junction of Federal and
Court streets was a pond, which continued until after the war
discharging itself into Fore river, by a brook of considerable siez.
This brook crossed Fore street, a little eact of Exchange street,
over which was a stone bridge about fifteen feet wide.! At the
time of which we are speaking, the water flowed up from Clay
Cove to Turkey lane, now Sumner street, in a creek sufi-
ciently large to allow boats to pass; an arch was thrown over
it in Middle street, under which they sailed ; persons recently
living can remember having seen boats in the creek as high as
Turkey lane. There was also a swamp as late as 1750, in the
rear of Judge Freeman’s house, and another until 1790, at
the head of Free street, in both of which the children used to
gather whortleberries. The land was wet and swampy from
Middle to Centre street, where Free street is, so that it was
diffleult to pass over it; on the south of where the latter street
is, Deacon Cotton had a tan yard and a large orchard. There
were also orchards where. Lime street is, in the rear of Dr.
Deane’s house in Congress street, at the corner of Congress
and Temple streets, at both the Bracketts, and on other parts
of the Neck.

In 1739 the large square bounded by Fore, Middle, and
Exchange streets, and extending about twelve rods west of
Exchange street, containing four acres, with a dwelling-house
and barn upon it,? was sold by Benjamin Ingersoll to Phineas

1 Mr. James Deering, in digging for a ‘foundation for the brick stores at the
foot of Exchange street in 1797, found at the depth of seventeen feet below the
surface two oak planks lying side by side across what appeared to be the gulley;
he supposed them to have been placed there for passing over the brook. In
Fore street there were other gullies over which bridges were thrown, one was
above Centre street, near where the Oxnard house is, another was a little west
of Clay Cove.

2 These were the only buildings on the tract fora number of years, The house
was occupied by Mr. Jones until his death in 1743, and afterward by Jabez Fos,
who married his widow ; it was built by Benjamin Tugersoll, who, kept tavern in
DESCRIPTION OF THE NECK. 471

Jones for four hundred and eighty pounds, equivalent to six-
teen hundred and thirty-three dollars ; it is now one of the
most valuable spots in town. The house stood on the west
side of Exchange street, a little above where the Merchants’
bank now stands. In 1740, the north-easterly corner of Ex-
change street extending on that street fourteen rods or about
half way down,! was sold by Deacon James Milk to Joshua
Freeman for eighty pounds, old tenor, equal to about seventy-
five dollars in silver. Upon this lot Mr. Freeman built, soon
after, the house which formerly stood on the corner of the street,
but was moved in 1826, a little east on Middle steeet to make
‘room for the brick building now standing on the corner. Mr.
Freeman occupied the house several years as a tavern and store.
It passed from histhands to John Tyng, who conveyed it to John
Fox for four hundred pounds; Mr. Fox occupied it until he
built the house in Fore street after the revolution, in which he
died in 1795. The only buildings on Exchange street at the
time of the revolution, were on the west side, a wooden store
two stories high with a gambrel roof? occupied by Deacon
Richard Codman, the Jones house and a small one-story store
at the foot of the street, kept by John Fox. . On the east side
were Nathaniel Deering’s shop at the foot, John Deering’s
house, a one-story house occupied by Nathaniel Fosdic, after-
ward collector, and the Joshua Freeman house on the corner.
At this period, the street was considered much too far up for
business, and the property there of comparatively small value ;
it is now the center of commercial operations, and real estate

1 Exchange street is five hundred feet long from Middle to Fore street.

2This was moved when Mr. Boyd built his brick stores in 1803 on that spot,
to Congress street, near the head of Green street, where it was burnt in 1860.

 

it in 1728, probably the first public house in town after the resettlement; it was
for many years the best house on the Neck, and in 1754, Gov. Shirley lodged
there when he held his conference with the Indians. The house was taken down
by William Widgery to make improvements on the lot.
472 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

is probably as high there as in any other part of the town. At
the time we are speaking of, the square from Plumb street to
Centre street, was principally a mowing field.

We propose to close this general survey of the Neck, with a
brief notice of the streets which were opened previous to the
revolution.

India street. In the settlement under Danforth in 1680,
this was called Broad street; it was propably opened before
that time, having been the principal route out of town. On
the resettlement, it was formally laid out by the selectmen four
rods wide, and accepted by the town April 1, 1724, when the
name of “High King street,’ was given to it. After the revo-
lution, some persons who lived on the street endeavored to
change the name to State street, and for some years a struggle
between the two was kept up, but the old name triumphed at
that time ; it finally yielded to the present title in 1887.

Congress street. This was anciently called the country road,
afterward the Back street and Queen street, which latter was —
its proper name; it was laid out four rods wide from the head
of King, now India street, to its junction with Middle street, and
was accepted April 1, 1724. Lots were granted upon it as
early as 1720, when it was noticed as Queen street. The usual
route from the country to the harbor was in early times through
this road and King street; it also led toward the mill at Cap-
isic, which was erected as early as 1680, it was this circumstance
which gave to it the familiar name of the country road; the
creek from Clay Cove and the marshes in the central parts of
the Neck intercepted the passing on a more direct course. Its
present name was applied to it by the town in 1823. The por-
tion east of the head of King street to the Munjoy line was
laid out in 1792 and called Smith street, from the Rev. Mr.
Smith. West of its junction with Middle street it was called
the Main street, receiving there the two other streets running
from the village. It became the main trunk road into town.
It was extended afterward easterly up Munjoy’s hill and over
STREETS. 473

the brow to the eastern promenade. In 1823 the whole line
received from the city government the name of Congress street.
In 1863 it was extended still further east to the bay shore un-
der the same name; so that this grand avenue now extends
from Casco Bay to the western extremity of the city, passing
through the center of the peninsula, a distance of nearly three
miles.

Exchange Street. This street was laid out in 1724, three
rods wide and then called Fish street, which name it retained
until 1810, when its present one was given to it. It had prob-
ably not been opened earlier than 1724, as it is not noticed in
the grants made in that quarter. From Middle street to Fore
street it is five hundred feet long. In 1837 Court street from
Middle to Congress street which was laid out in 1793, three
rods wide, was made part of Exchange street, and the whole is
now under one name.

Middle street was accepted by the town April 1, 1724, from
King to Main street four rods wide; a path had been opened
before that time, but at what period, we have no means of as-
certaining; from India street to the cove was opened by the
ancient settlers. It was originally called “‘the Middle street,”
from its relative situation between Fore and the Back streets,
which name it has ever since borne.

Fore street. In the grants made by Danforth in 1680, on the
south side of the Neck, a highway three rods wide was reserved
from India street ‘‘towards the meeting house,”’ which was that
part of Fore street lying east of India street. On the west side
of Clay Cove, a reservation was made for a road four rods
wide ; how far up the road was opened at this time is not
known, and no name appears to have been given toit. In 1724
the street was regularly laid out by the town four rods wide
“from meeting-house point” to the foot of Exchange street,
and in 1727, it was extended to the head of Round Marsh, but
has never been opened higher than the Portland bridge. It

31
474 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

never has been formally named by the town, but has ever
borne its present appellation from the circumstance of its being
the fore or front street. The part east of India street has been
considerably driven back by the washing of the sea ; there
were formerly buildings south of where it now passes upon
the margin of the beach. That part of the street which crosses
Clay Cove was not made until 1765, when Alexander Ross,
Enoch Isley, and James Hope contracted “to build a good
and sufficient breast-work across Clay Cove, and make a good
road thereon.”

Thames street. This was an ancient street leading from
the ferry ways to India street, on the bank. It was adopted
by the town April 1, 1724. It was relaid out 1760, three rods
wide, and extended to low water mark. It is absorbed in Com-
mercial street, and no longer exists.

School street was laid out in 1724 two rods wide, and then
called “The Lane,” which name it retained for many years. It
probably took its present title from the fact that a town school-
house formerly stood on the corner where it joins Middle street.
The name was altered to Pearl in 1837.

Plum street was opened by Phineas Jones through his own
land in 1742; it was called Jones’s lane for many years. The

town gave it the name of Plum street from the numerous
' plum trees in the large garden of Deacon Titcomb at the head
of the street.

Center street. This street was laid out in 1742 by Samuel
Skillings, two rods wide, through land which descended to him
from his father, John Skillings,.and which had formerly be-
longed to Rev. Geo. Burroughs. | It was accepted by the town
in March, 1748, and was familiarly called Love lane until it
received its present name in 1812 from its central situation,
and is thirty-five feet wide.

Munjoy street. This was laid out in 1727, from the head
of India street to the top of Munjoy’s hill, and thence to Sandy
_ Point; the street was not opened until 1795. The portion of
STREETS. 475

this street extending from Congress street to Sandy Point, was
called North street, and in 1837 the whole— Munjoy, Congress
or Back, and Main strects—were united under the name of Con-
gress street,extending from Casco Bay to the Westbrook ling
at Libby’s Corner.

Main street was formally laid out April 4, 1727, “beginning
at the head of Middle street where it cometh into said way”
(Queen street) to the head of Round marsh, various courses
four rods wide. It had for many years been the only road
which led off the Neck in that direction. It was called the
Main street, but no name was given it by the town until 1823,
when the town gave to a portion of it the name of Congress
street, which name in 1837 ‘was formally extended over the
whole line from one extremity of the city to the other.

Spring street was laid out as far as the spring, in 1754, from
Love lane, and accepted, but no name given toit. It was laid out
anew in 1760, and in 1788 it was continued to Ann, now Park
street,and received its present name. In 1811 it was con-
tinued to State street; in 1827 to Brackett, and in 1833 to
Vaughan street.

Willow street. This street was opened in 1760, one rod and
a half wide, passing through the land of Samuel Proctor and
Moses Pearson. No name was given to it, but it received its
present appellation from the willow trees through which it
passed. It was originally called Pearson’s lane.

Free street. A portion of this street was laid out two rods
wide east of Love lane, now Center street, in 1772, over the
northerly end of Deacon Wm. Cotton’s land; but it continued
a mere bog, over which foot passengers could hardly pass until
after the revolution. In 1784, it was continued through to
Congress street, three rods wide, and in 1788 the lower part
was opened the same width, and its present name given. From
Center street up, it was first called Windmill lane, from a wind
mill which then stood on the hill where the Anderson house

- now stands.
476 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Temple street. This street was laid out in 1757, two rods
wide, and was called before the revolution, Codman’s lane,
passing by his house and through his land ; it was not opened
until 1762. Its present name was given to it by common con-
sent after the war, but it has no recorded title.

Lime street was opened in 1768, twenty-nine feet wide and
called Lime alley, from Middle to Back streets.. In 1837 the
name was extended over Market street lying between Middle and
Fore streets, which was originally laid out partly in 1805, from
Fore through Mr. Ingraham’s land to the Market-house, and
the remainder to Middle street in 1824, through Mr. Deering’s
property. The passage way leading to Commercial street and
wharf was incorporated with it in 1856, so that the street un-
der the same name now extends from Commercial to Congress
street.

Franklin street was laid out in 1756 from Middle to Back
street, two rods wide, and named Fiddle street. From Back
street to Back Cove a street was laid out on the same course
with Fiddle street, two and a half rods wide, in 1798, and called
Franklin street. In 1814 the name of Fiddle was changed to
Essex, and in 1837 the name of Franklin was given to the
whole line from Fore street to Back Cove. This included the
_ angling street which extended from Clay Cove to Middle street
laid out 1759 but never named until 1837. In 1858 the street
was extended on a straight line to Commercial street, and in
1863 to low water mark on Back Cove. It is the only street
which passes directly across the peninsula from water to water
under one name.

Hampshire street. There was a court here, which ran down
from Back street to where Federal street now is, before the rev-
olution, and called Greele’s lane. It was opened to Middle
street, one and a half rods wide, in 1784, and naméd Hamp-
shire lane. Chub lane now a part of it from Middle to Fore
street, was opened by George Warren’s land in 1784, one and
ahalf rods wide. It was relaid in 1785, and named Chub
STREETS. ATT

lane. It owed its original title, Greele’s lane, to the good and
time honored Alice Greele, who kept a noted tavern, they did
not have hotels in those days, on the corner of the lane and
Back street.

Sumner street. There was a street here before 1690, called
Fleet street; but its ancient name had perished before the re-
vival of the town; this passed near the head of the Creek, which
made up from Clay Cove ; and before Middle street was ex-
tended over the stream, was a street of some consequence ; it
bore the name of Turkey lane until it was altered to Newbury
street by a vote of the town in 1814. It was formally laid out
two rods wide in 1750. In 1800 a street named Sumner street
was laid out from India street to Hancock street, three rods
wide, and afterward extended easterly into Fore street. The
whole were constituted one street from Franklin to Fore in
1837 and named Sumner. The name was originally given
from Gov. Increase Sumner of Massachusetts, who died in
1799 in office.

In 1727 the road from the Main street down the hill by the
mile post, to Back Cove creek, was laid out four rods wide ;
it was named Grove street in 1858. In 1736 the road round
Back Cove, three rods wide, was laid out and accepted by the
town.

Streets on the Neck now Portland, previous to the revolution, with the original
and subsequent names.

Original name. Intermediate name. Present name.
Back. The Queen. Congress.
Broad. King. : India.
Back Cove road.

Country road. Main. Congress.
Chub. From Middle to Fore. Hampshire.
Fleet. Turkey Lane. Newbury. Sumner.
Fiddle. Essex. Franklin.
Fish. Exchange.
Fore. The Fore.
Greele’s Lane. Hampshire.

Jones’s Lane. Plum.
478 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Lane. Middle—to Clay Cove.
Lane to Mariner’s Spring.
Lane.—Middle to Center.
Lime Alley.

Love Lane.

Middle. The

Pearson’s Lane.
Smith.—King to Washington.
Thames.—King to Old Ferry.

Franklin.
Spring.

Free.

Lime street. ©
Center.
Middle.
Willow.
Congress.
Commercial.

In 1808 the representatives were instructed by the town to
apply to the General Court for a lottery to raise money to pave

the streets. They were not successful.
CHAPTER XVIII.

REVOLUTION—CAUSES OF EXCITEMENT—STAMP ACT—ITS REPEAL—SuGAR ACT—NEW DUTIES LAID—
MILITARY FORCE EMPLOYED—COLLISION WITH THE TROOPS—REPEAL OF DUTIES—NON-IMPORTATION
AGREEMENTS—DUTIES ON MOLASSES AND TEA—TEA DUTY ENFORCED AND TEA DESTROYED—PROCEED
INGS IN FALMOUTH—BosToN PORT BILL—CONVENTION AT FALMOUTG—PREPARATIONS FOR WAR.

Few towns in the colonies felt more ardently, and none suf-
fered more severely in the cause of independence, than Fal-
mouth. Although she carried on.a profitable trade directly
with Great Britain by means of the mast ships and other lum-
ber vessels, and an indirect one through the West India Islands,
her inhabitants were not detered by any mercenary motives
from expressing their sentiments freely in relation to the meas-
ures of the mother country.

The French war which terminated in 1763, had been carried
on at a vast exp2nse, and although it resulted gloriously to the
English arms by the expulsion of the French from all their
possessions in the northern part of America, yet it had made
large additions to the national debt of England. It was to
relieve that country from future embarrassments of this sort,
which suggested to her government the scheme of raising a
revenue in America to be applied for its government and de-
fense.

The first act which was adopted with this view was the re-
vival of the sugar act, as it was commonly called, in 1764.
This imposed a duty upon sugar, Indigo, coffee, wines, silks,
molasses, etc., of foreign growth and manufacture, and required
480 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

that the net proceeds of the tax should be paid into the treas-
ury of England, A former act laying duties on some of the
articles enumerated had existed since 1733, but never having
been strictly observed, little revenue had heen realized from it.
The ministry now gave particular instructions to the officers of
the customs in America to enforce the law rigidly. It was on
this occasion that public attention was first directed to the
right of parliament to impose taxes upon the colonies. James
Otis wrote a pamphlet on the subject, in which he denied the
right, and the representatives of Boston were soon afterward
instructed to use their exertions to procure the repeal of the
act; in them it was observed, “if our trade may be taxed, why
not our lands? Why not the produce of our lands and every
thing we possess and make use of? This we apprehend anni-
hilates our charter to govern and tax ourselves.”

The House of Representatives of Massachusetts took the
same side of the question and made a statement of the rights
of the colonies on the subject of taxation, which, with the
pamphlets of Mr. Otis, and other papers of a similar character
were sent to England and published. These bold views of in-
dependency created alarm in the British Ministry, and hastened
on measures which tended still more to widen the breach.!

The stamp act followed in February 1765, to go into effect
on the first of November following. The news of its passage
roused the feelings of the people, already sufficiently excited
by the expectation of some measure of the kind, to exaspera-
tion, which broke out in mobs and vented themselves in show-
ing up the authors and supporters of the obnoxious measure
in the most contemptuous manner. The colors of the vessels
were displayed at half mast, the bells were tolled muffled, and

‘A letter writer in London Feb. 10, 1765, remarks: “Several publications from
North America lately made their appearance here, in which the independency of
the colonies is asserted in pretty round terms. Some scruple not to affirm that
sentiments like these will oblige government here to think of steps that may
check such haughty republican spirits."—Boston Eve. Post, May 27, 1765.
THE STAMP ACT. 481

the act was printed with death’s head upon it. The assem-
blies of Virginia and Massachusetts being in session, denounced
the system, and the latter proposed to the colonies a meeting
of delegates, to make a general and united “representation of
their condition to his majesty and implore relief.’

‘Boston was the center of excitement, her mobs and town
meetings struck terror into the provincial government and the
advocates of royal power. The houses of secretary Oliver who
had been appointed stamp officer and of the officers of the
customs were attacked and injured, and that of Lieutenant
Gov. Hutchinson was entirely destroyed. Every stamp officer
throughout the country, unable to resist public opinion, resigned
his commission, and when the time arrived for the act to go
into operation, there were neither stamped papers to be found
nor officers to execute it.

The General Court assembled on the 23d of October ; the
representative from Falmouth, Col, Samuel Waldo, was by
vote of the town, “directed to use his utmost efforts to pre-
vent the stamp -act taking place in this province.” Mr. Waldo
was not friendly to the popular party and was not again elected
a member. - The house, by a strong majority expressed its en-
tire disapprobation of the act, and attempted to pass a resolve
that all courts should proceed in business without using stamped
papers, in the same manner they had done before the passage
of the law; in this however they were defeated by the governor
who prorogued them before the passage of the resolve. Some
courts were opened as usual, and the custom-house officers in
Boston issued clearances without being stamped. In this
county the justices of the inferior court assembled at Fal-
mouth, January 1, 1766, and proceeded to business without

stamps.!
It is probable that the custom-house officers in this town had

11766, January 1. The justices met at Freeman’s and resolved to go on with
- eourts as heretofore, though stamps are not to be had.” —Deane’s diary. The jus-
tices were Jeremiah Powell, Enoch Freeman, and Edward Millikin.
482 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

either procured some stamped papers or refused to grant clear-
‘ances without them; for on the 8th of January, 1766, a mob
assembled and threatened the custom-house, and January,25,
another mob collected and burnt some stamped clearances.'. A
brig had that day arrived from Halifax, which brought a small
parcel of these papers and lodged them in the custom-house. As
soon as the inhabitants had notice of the fact, they assembled
in a body, marched to the custom-house and demanded to have
the whole given up to them immediately, declaring that an
article so odious to all America, should not be kept there. Af-
ter receiving them, they were carried through town on the end
of a pole and then committed to a fire prepared for the purpose
amidst the acclamations of a great concourse of people.?

The uneasiness in England produced by these disturbances
was very great, and united with the representations of the
merchants and manufacturers on both sides of the water, whose
pecuniary interests were in danger, produced the repeal 9 of the
obnoxious” act’ in March, 1766. Information of this event
reached Boston May 16, and was received at Falmouth the same
day by the arrival of a mast ship in thirty days from London ;
which was confirmed by an express from Boston the day but one
after. Nothing had probably produced throughout the colo-
nies so ardent and sincere a joy as this, in which no town more
heartily joined than the inhabitants of ours. Mr Smith says,
“May 19, our people are mad with drink and joy ; bells ring-
ing, drums beating, colors flying, guns firing, the court-house
illuminated oe some others, and a bon fire, ae a deluge of

drunkenness.”

1 Smith and Deane’s diaries.
2 Boston Evening Gazette, February 8, 1766.

3 An article in the Boston Evening Post of June 2, gives the following account
of the reception of the news at Falmouth. On Sunday noon an express arrived
from Portsmouth with a confirmation of the great and glorious news, for whom
a handsome collection was made, which seemed to change the countenances of
all ranks of people, and every friend to liberty was filled with pleasure and satis-
STAMP ACT REPEALED. 483

‘

Government seized the occasion of the present joy to procure
from the colonies an indemnity to the persons whose property
had-been destroyed in the late commotions. The General-Court
evaded the subject on the ground that they were not authorized
to appropriate the money of their constituents for such pur-
poses; the governor prorogued them to give them an oppor-
tunity to receive instructions on the subject. The majority of
the towns either voted to compensate the sufferers or left it to
the discretion of their representatives; but Falmouth, at a
meeting of the inhabitants on the 3d of September, voted “that
the representative be directed to signify, that it is the opinion
of the town of Falmouth, that the inhabitants of one town ought
not to be assessed to reimburse the inhabitants of another town
for any riotous proceedings of the inhabitants of another town.’
The house determined against an unqualified compensation,
but added to their bill of indemnity a grant of free pardon to
all who had been engaged in the riots.

The sugar act now only remained to interrupt the friendly
intercourse of the two countries. Before the passage of this
act, smuggling had been extensively carried on under the eyes
and with the knowledge of the officers of the Customs, but now
its penalties were rigidly enforced. Several cargoes of wines
and sugars had been seized in Boston and Salem, and consid-
erable excitement was produced, though not of so universal

1 Jedediah Preble, a staunch whig, had been chosen without opposition to suc-
ceed Samuel Waldo as representative.

 

faction, on which occasion an anthem was sung after service at church. The
morning following was ushured in with every demonstration of loyalty and joy
that could possibly be expressed, such as ringing of bells, firing of cannon at
the fort and on board the shipping in the harbor, having all their colors displayed,
beating of drums, etc., when many loyal toasts were drank, viz., The Queen—
The Royal Family—The great Pitt—Conway—Barre, etc.; and on Tuesday the
same noble spirit appeared. In the evening the houses of the town were beau-
tifully illuminated, fire works played off, bon fires erected, etc. The whole con-
cluded with so much order and decorum, that it did great honor to the town.” .
484 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and fatal a character as had distinguished those of the former
year. On the 7th of August the collector of Falmouth seized
a quantity of sugar and rum belonging to Enoch LIlsley for
breach of the act; in the evening a number of persons assem-
bled, attacked the house of the comptroller where the collector
then was, with clubs and stones, until past ten o’clock, during
which time the property was removed by the people beyond the
reach of the custom-house officers.' Gov. Bernard issued a
proclamation August 18, offering a reward of fifty pounds for
the discovery of the persons engaged in this riot.?

In the summer of 1767, while the colonies were resting from
the agitation into which they had been thrown by past acts of
the British Legislature, Parliament was preparing new causes
of excitement. She could not relinquish her scheme of rais-
ing a revenue in America, and beside passing an act laying
duties upon glass, painters’ colors, tea, and paper, in the course
of this summer, the proceeds of which were appropriated to-
ward making a more certain and adequate provision for the
charge of the administration of justice and the support of civil
government in such of the colonies as it should be necessary, she
passed another, asserting a right “to make laws of sufficient
force and validity to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever.”
The government also established a board of commissioners for
the receipt and management of the customs in America, and
fixed the salaries of certain officers which Massachusetts had
refused to do.

The passage of these acts occasioned at first no violent out-
breakings like those which followed the stamp act, but rather

1 Boston Evening Post, August 25.

2 July 11, 1768. About thirty men armed with clubs, axes, and other weapons
attacked the jail in this. town and rescued two men, John Huston and John San-
born, who had been convicted at the last supreme court for a riot. The gov-
ernor offered a reward of twenty pounds for the discovery of any persons
engaged in this riot,— Essex Gazette, August 9. These persons were probably im-
plicated in the mob for the recovery of Mr. Ilsley’s sugar.
CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 485

a policy to enlist the manufacturers and merchants of England
in their favor, by addressing their pecuniary interests. For this
purpose the people came to a firm determination to abstain from
the use of all the dutiable articles and of all foreign superflui-
ties, and. to encourage by all their influence and means, domes-
tic manufactures of every kind. Boston took the lead in this
measure, and our town, December 4, 1767, by the following
vote, heartily responded to the course proposed: ‘Voted, that
this town highly approves of the measures of the town of Bos-
ton to encourage home manufactures, and that the town will
at all times endeavor to suppress the use of forcign ones and
encourage industry and economy agreeably to the plan pro-
posed by the town of Boston; and that the selectmen be directed
to return the thanks of this town to the town of Boston for
their seasonable and very laudable attention to, and concern
for, the happiness and welfare of this province as well as of the
whole continent.”

The strict execution of the revenue act, accompanied by the
vexatious circumstances which usually attend upon such scenes,
at length produced new mols and riots in the seaport towns,
which led government to call to its support a naval and mili-
tary force. The very intimation by the government on the
8th of September, that a body of troops had been ordered to
Boston, produced a greater degree of indignation and alarm
than had been caused by any other measure. A town meeting,
the great engine in those days, was immediately summoned in
Boston, which recommended that a convention of committees
from all the towns in the province, should be held at Faneuil-
hall, to concert and advise such measures as the public peace
and safety required. Although this was a stronger step than
had ever been taken, yet the recommendation met a hearty
response from the principal towns in the province, and a con-
vention numerously attended assembled in Faneuil Hall on
the 22d of September. An express from Boston reached here
on the 18th, and on the 21st of that month, the inhabitants
486 HISTORY OF PORLAND.

held a meeting and appointed Gen. Preble as their delegate to
attend the convention. He was instructed, however, very cau-
tiously, to do nothing illegal or unconstitutional, but to use
every endeavor within the limits of legitimate resistance to
procure a redress of grievances. The result of the convention
was much more moderate than the friends of government an-
ticipated ; they calmly enumerated their grievances, declared
their loyalty and that of the people, and advised all to avoid
tumultuous expressions of their feelings, and to yield obedience
to the civil magistrate. It is evident that many were restrained
by the apprehension of having taken an unconstitutional rem-
edy, and were disposed to avoid the consequences of it by
recommending moderate and conciliatory measures. They
however, firmly expressed their opinion that the civil power
without the aid of a standing force was fully adequate to sup-
press all tumults and disorders.'
On the 28th of September two regiments arrived in Boston
_and landed about one thousand men without opposition.. A
sullen stillness succeeded the first arrival of the troops; they
probably struck intimidation into the minds of the people.
But a firm resolution of resistance followed ; the introduction
of the troops was looked upon as a dangerous infraction of
their rights, and as an attempt by mere force to dragoon them
into submission. The sympathy of the whole continent was
enlisted in favor of Boston, and her cause was regarded as
that of the country. Both the General Court and the town
refused to furnish the troops with quarters and supplies, al-
though the governor repeatedly applied to them for that
purpose ; they told him that there were suitable barracks at
the castle already provided, and they use in their reply this
strong language, “your excellency must excuse us in this ex-
press declaration, that as we cannot, consistently with our honor-

1In February, 1769, Parliament declared that the proceedings calling the con-
vention were subversive of government, and showed a disposition to set up an

Y

anthority independent of the crown.
MILITARY FORCE CALLED FOR. 487

or our interest, and much less with the duty we owe our con-
stituents, so we shall never make provisions for the purposes
in the several messages above mentioned.”! At the same ses-
sion they passed certain resolutions which while they professed
the firmest allegiance, amounted almost to a declaration of
independence; one declared “that the sole right of imposing
taxes on the inhabitants of this his majesty’s colony of the
Massachusetts Bay, is now and ever hath been legally and con-
stitutionally vested in the House of Representatives with the
consent of council;” etc. Another, “that the standing army
in this colony in a time of peace, without the consent of the
General Assembly of the same, is an invasion of the natural
rights of the people;” etc.

The continuance of the troops in Boston was a constant
source of vexation to the people; it brought home upon them
an unremitted pressure of servitude; they could not wink out
of view the fact that the soldiery were placed over them as a
guard to keep them in order. Consequently it was the most
earnest prayer of their numerous petitions to the throne, that
they might be removed. Difficulties were often occurring be-
tween the inhabitants and the soldiers, which kept alive con-
tention and made the burden of their presence more oppressive.
At last in one of the tumults in the streets in Boston, the sol-
diers fired upon the citizens March 5, 1770, and killed five
men. This catastrophe aroused the people to the highest pitch
of excitement, and they demanded a total and immediate re-
moval of the troops from Boston. It was deemed prudent to
comply ; the troops were removed to the castle on the 10th of
March, and the officers and soldiers guilty of the firing were
committed for trial.

After the removal of the troops, the public mind became
more composed, and nothing material occurred to excite it for a

1 Hutchinson, vol. iii, p. 248.
2 Hutchinson, voll. iii. p. 498.
488 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

considerable length of time. The English government seemed
desirous to restore quiet in the colonies by any sacrifice short
of relinquishing the right of Parliament to legislate over them.
They abandoned the scheme of raising a revenue in America,
and in April 1770, they rescinded. the duties upon all articles
except tea. This attempt to reconcile the colonies was as short-
sighted as it was ineffectual; it was not for the amount pro-
duced by the duties that the people contended, but for the prin-
ciple; and as long as a single article continued to be taxed by
Great Britain for the purpose of revenue, they considered their
constitutional rights violated. No further notice of the repeal
of the duties was taken, than to declare a dissatisfaction that
any was retained, and as no cause was offered to produce any
public excitement, the right and principle only became sub-
jects of political discussion and speculation. A controversy
however was kept up almost without cessation between Gov.
Hutchinson, who had succeeded Gov. Bernard, and the House
of Representatives, upon the rights of the colonies, the construc-
tion of charter and other principles of government, which gave
opportunity to disseminate doctrines that gradually prepared
the minds of the people for the crisis which was approaching.!
One mode of resistance adopted not unsuccessfully by the
colonies, was, by non-importation agreements, to appeal to the
commercial interests of the mother country. These had been
entered into and enforced with great unanimity and effect. In
consequence of these combinations, the value of exports from
Great Britain had greatly fallen off during the preceding
troubles; in 1769, it was less by seven hundred. and forty-four
thousand pounds sterling, thanin 1768. <A letter from London

1The governor was fond of making a display of his constitutional learning,
for which the government at home did not thank him. Hutchinson himself re-
marks that, ‘‘Dr. Franklin wrote the speaker, that the ministry would not thank
the governor,” and “it was recommended to the governor to avoid any further
discussion whatever upon those questions, the agitating of which had already
produced such disagreeable consequences.”
NEW ENLISTMENTS. 489

in March, 1769, states, that “the exports to America are so amaz-
ingly decreased within a year past, that some dependents on
the custom-house do not make a fourth part of the perquisites
they formerly did.’”! In 1770 these agreements were again
pressed into service against the obnoxious survivor of the late
revenue act, and were signed by great numbers all over the
country.? Falmouth, as on all other occasions lifted her voice
in the common cause, and voted “that this town will do what
lies in their power to discourage the purchasing of foreign tea,
and to discourage the using of it in their respective families.”

The country enjoyed a comparative degree of quiet for two
years, with an occasional out-breaking of the people ; in 1770
a number of people in Gloucester, Cape Ann, seized a custom-
house officer, tarred and feathered him and otherwise severely
used him. In November, 1771, certain persons in this town
mobbed Arthur Savage, the controller; three of whom, Sand-
ford, Stone, and Armstrong were taken on a warrant from
Judge Lyde of the superior court in December, and committed
for trial. A fortnight before this transaction, a schooner be-
longing to William Tyng, arrived from the West Indies, and
the custom-house officers having detected them in smuggling
the cargo, seized the vessel; whether there was a connection
between these two acts we are not able to determine. ‘T'he
mob was not sustained by public opinion here. Mr. Savage
went to Boston after this affair, and it is believed that he did
not return; Mr. Child who discharged his duties, wrote to him
on the subject as follows: “I believe the generality of people
are very sorry that you were so ill treated.’

1 Massachusetts Gazette, June 5, 1769.

2“June 26,1770. Non-importation agreement signed by great numbers.”—
Deane’s Diary.

3 The following memorandum of Mr. Savage’s proceedings after the mob, is
detailed by Enoch Freeman, Esq., Judge of the inferior court, as follows :

“Ye next day after Mr. Savage was mobbed, he came to Moody’s, ye court at
dinner, I call’d out, went below, found Mr. Savage and his kinsman Bill Savage,

32
490 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The people throughout the country had been in the constant
habit of evading the sugar and molasses duties, which were
high, for many years. The duty on molasses was six pence a
gallon; this, if enforced, would have amounted to a prohi-

 

when Arthur desired me to take Bill’s depositon, I read it, being wrote on two
pieces of paper, and found no name mentioned in it but Mr. Titcomb, except
Mr. Savage and his wife. I said that I expected he had a complaint against
some of ye mob, and wanted a warrant which I would give him in a moment
but as to taking that deposition in two pieces of paper, and wherein a gentle-
man’s name was mentioned ina manner that might be taken to his disadvantage, |
thought it was not fair, and I did not choose to do it with@ut he was notified or
present, but advised him to go up stairs and lay it before ye Court, which he did
not then incline to do, and said to me, then you refuse to take it. I told him I
did, unless Mr. Titcomb was notified. I asked him what use he could make of
ye deposition ; he said he should send it to ye commissioners, and it would have
a tendency to discover the mob. How can that be, said I, if you can’t tell who
they were, how can the commissioners ? If you that are on ye spot can’t discover
who they were, how can ye commissioners, that are one hundred and thirty
miles off? And after some such like discourse, wherein I told him the act of ye
mob was universally as far as I could learn abhorred and detested, I went up
chamber and he desired me to ask Mr Powell to step down, which I did, and he
went, and after some time returned and told me that he had sent for Mr. Titcomb,
and he was below with Mr. Savage, and desired me to go down again, I went
down and Mr. Savage was gone. And in about an hour after Mr. Collector
Waldo, Mr. Savage and Bill came up into court, and Mr. Savage laid ye said
deposition or ye same two papers on the table, and asked ye Court to give Mr.
Bill Savage his oath to ye same; ye Court desired to know what it was, accord-
ingly it was read, and thereupon observations were made by ye Court, and ye
Court were unanimously of ye opinion that it was improper to take said deposi-
tion, without Mr. Titcomb was present to interrogate ye deponent, and that Mr.
Titcomb should also be interrogated by Mr. Savage upon oath, etc. so that
ye whole truth might go to ye commissioners together. Ye Collector Waldo said
to me in Court, can a justice refuse to swear a man to any deposition that he
may offer? I told him, I thought a Justice had a right to refuse, if he thought
there was an impropriety in it, and in some there might be great absurdity; up-
on ye whole Mr. Savage did not apply to me or ye Court for a warrant against
any one of ye mob, and I then supposed ye only reason was that he did not know
any of them, as he signified to the Court as well as to me. But it seems that as
soon as he got to Boston, he was able to swear to three of them, and procured a
warrant from ye Chief Justice to have them apprehended ; and accordingly two
of them were brought before me, and I laid them under one hundred ponnd
DUTIES ENFORCED. 491

bition, and was therefore permitted to be violated with im-
punity. But when it was reduced to three pence a gallon,
the government determined to discountenance smuggling.
The old practice was however so firmly established, that the
merchants would not relinquish their habit, nor quietly submit
to the espionage instituted by the revenue officers under the
new act. The breaches of this law and the violence upon the
officers, often found impunity in the political character of the
magistrates, and the paramount law of public opinion, and
even found encouragement in the language of the House of
Representatives, which declared in July, 1770, “we know of
no commissioners of his majesty’s customs, nor of any revenue
his majesty has a right to establish in North America.”

In 1771 the duty on molasses was reduced to one penny a
gallon, and on tea to three pence; the duty of twelve pence on
tea which used to be paid in England was taken off, and three
pence was substituted payable in the colonies, so that although
the tea was afforded cheaper, the duty was direct and more
perceptible. Large quantities of tea were smuggled into the
colonies by the Dutch, the Danes, and the French, and the

 

bonds each, to appear at next Superior Court here, etc, and in ye mean time to
be of good behavior, etc.

All this is as true and impartial a relation of facts as I can recollect and pre-
sent, and I resent it, that Mr. Savage refused to have a warrant from me or any
of ye Justices or Court here, but must fly away to Boston, and there consult
Governor, Council, Judges, Commissioners, etc., and thereby insinuate that he
could not have justice done here. I take it to be a high reflection upon ye Jus-
tices of this county, and especially on me to whom he applyed first, and think
he is or ought to be amenable for it. And if he has in his representation at
Boston, misrepresented me in point of facts, I think, in honor to my commission,
I ought to, and shall endeavor to bring him to condign punishment, though I
have always had a good opinion of Mr. Savage, and a great esteem for him and
his wife; yet his representing ye matter as I hear is reported in Boston, is wicked
and provoking, but if we have done wrong, let us, ye Justices suffer and not
ye town or country.” Savage left the country in 1776, and was proscribed by
the act of 1778.
492 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

same quality which sold in England at six shillings could be
purchased in Massachusetts at three shillings the pound.!

The principal subject of excitement in 1772 was the provi-
sion made in England for the payment of the governor’s and
judges’ salaries. The legislature objected because it destroyed
that salutary dependence upon the people, which was necessary
to preserve the freedom of their institutions. When the war-
rant arrived in autumn on the commissioners of the customs
for the payment of the salary, a town meeting was called in
Boston, which after a course of proceeding, appointed a com-
mittee of twenty-one to state the rights of the colonies, and to
communicate the same to the several towns in the province.
The report of this committee stated the principal grievances
under which the colonies labored, to be, the imposition of taxes
by Parliament—the appointment of commissioners of customs
who were new officers not named in the charter, and clothed
with unconstitutional powers—the introduction of the King’s
ships and forces into the province without the consent of the
assembly—and the fixing permanent salaries on the governor
and judges by act of Parliament. This was communicated to
every town in the province, and a free communication solicited
in order that if the measures of administration should be
deemed to be subversive of the rights of the colonists, a firm
and united stand should be taken in their support. An ani-
mating letter accompanied the address to the towns, calling
upon the people “not to doze any longer, while the iron hand
of oppression was tearing the fruit from the tree of liberty.”

The towns generally passed resolutions echoing the senti-

'“Tt is supposed that at least a million of Americans drink tea twice a day,
which at the first cost in England, would have paid two million five hundred
thousand guineas into the treasury of the East Indies, while from the opposition
of the Americans to the tax, no more than eighty-five pounds was realized from
the duty in 1772, at the expense of many thousand pounds in support of officers
and revenue laws.”—Franklin, vol. v. p. 862. Mr. Burke supposed America
would afford a vent for ten million pounds of tea,— Speech, 1774.
REVOLUTION—SENTIMENT OF FALMOUTH. 493

ments of Boston. On the 24th of December a meeting of the
inhabitants of Falmouth was held, at which a large and re-
spectable committee was chosen “to consider what is con-
venient to be done in order to redress public grievances in
answer to a committee of the town of Boston.’! On the 7th
of January, the committee reported certain instructions to be
given to their representative, who was then about proceeding
to attend the session of the General Court.2. They were wholly
of a pacific tendency, and looked forward to a reconciliation
with the mother country through the intervention of the Gov-
ernor, who had not at that time lost his popularity here. The
subject was revived in the General Court and led to an able dis-
cussion upon the great questions which were then agitating the

1 This committee consisted of Enoch Freeman, Stephen Longfellow, David
Wyer, Jr., Theophilus Bradbury, Stephen Waite, Wm. Slemons, Benjamin Tit-
comb, Richard Codman, John Waite, Moses Pearson, Benjamin Mussey, and
Enoch Ilsley.

2Wm. Tyng was representative in 1772 and 1773, he was also sheriff of the
county ; he was a prerogative man, but probably had not taken the decided
stand against popular opinion, which he afterward did, and which obliged him
to fly. The instructions to Mr. Tyng were as follows: ‘‘ Sir — Whereas we are
sensible there is reason to complain of infringements on the liberties of the
people of this province, and as you are a representative for this town, we would
offer a few things for your consideration on transacting the very important
business that may lay before the General Court at the next session. Weare no
about to enumerate any grievances particularly, as we doubt not the wisdom of
the General Court is amply sufficient to investigate, not only every grievance
but every inconvenience the province at present labors under ; all we mean is to
suggest some method whereby all grievances may be redressed. And consid-
ering the singular abilities and good disposition of the present governor, to-
gether with his family, being embarked on the same bottom with ourselves, we
know of no expedient more effectual than for the members of the General
Court, by a rational and liberal behavior, to conciliate the affections of his Ex-
cellency. The particular mode of doing this, we must leave to their wisdom and
prudence, which on this important occasion they will undoubiedly exert, only
beg leave to observe that could his excellency be prevailed upon to join the
other branches of the legislature.in supplicating the throne for redress of any of
our grievances ; it appears to us the most probable way of obtaining his maj-
esty’s royal attention and relief.”
494 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

country, the tendency of which was to enlighten and stimulate
‘the public mind, and teach the people what were their rights
and how to defend them.

The favorable opinion entertained of Gov. Hutchinson had
been gradually giving way before the zeal with which he main-
tained the doctrines of arbitrary power; he was now destined
to receive the execration of the whole country by the discovery
of certain letters which he had written to the British ministry
prompting them to adopt energetic measures to restrain revolu-
tionary movements in the colonies. The House of Represen-
tatives of Massachusetts by a vote of one hundred and one to
five, declared “that the tendency and design of said letters
was to overthrow the constitution of this government, and to
introduce arbitrary power in the province.” Dr. Franklin, by
whose instrumentality the letters were procured, felt the full
force of ministerial vengeance ; he was removed from the office
of Deputy Post-master General of North America, notwith-
standing by his judicious management of that trust, he had in
a few years made it yield from nothing, a revenue to the crown
of three thousand pounds sterling.' ,

Before the throes of these discussions had subsided, causes of
still more violent action were preparing ; both countries were
ina state of feverish excitement ; the English government were
determined not to relinquish the right of taxation, while on the
other hand the colonists were determined not to submit to it.
With a miserable policy the government had relinquished all
benefit from taxation and risked the loss of an empire for a duty
of three pence on a pound of tea.® Since this distinction had
been made, about three years, much tea had been smuggled into

1 This controversy gave rise to the celebrated attack on Dr. Franklin before
the privy council by Mr. Wedderburne, afterward Lord Loughborough.

2 This was professedly reserved as a standing claim of right. Burke called it
‘Ca tax of sophistry, a tax of pedantry, a tax of disputation, a tax of war and
rebellion, a tax for any thing but benefit to the imposers, or satisfaction to the
subject,’—Speech, 1774.
TAXATION ENFORCED—TEA. 495

the country and some had been regularly entered.!. But in
1773, the East India company having a large quantity of the
article on hand, which had rapidly increased by the diminished
demand in America, had proposed to the minister to pay to the
government a duty of six pence on the pound on all exported
to America, provided he would repeal the duty of three pence
payable in America. This offer so advantageous to the revenue
was rejected, and an attempt made to connect their favorite
principle of taxing America with a scheme to relieve the ware-
houses of the East India company. It was determined there-
fore by sending large cargoes of tea to all the principal seaports
to make a grand experiment in every part of the continent.
Information of this design and the objects of it were immedi-
ately transmitted to America by her friends, and the people
were admonished to make a firm and united resistance to the
project ; for if success should attend it, there would be little
hope in future opposition. The committees of correspondence
lost no time in improving the occasion, and the first active
movements commencing in Philadelphia early in October, were
soon felt in every other city, at which the tea was expected to
arrive. Public meetings were held in New York, Philadelphia,
and Boston, in which the most determined spirit prevailed to
prevent the landing of the tea at whatever hazard. At the
two former places the consignees resigned their trust, in Boston
they declined doing it, and a meeting of the inhabitants at the
Old South, voted, “that the tea shall not be landed, that no
duty shall be paid, and that it shall be sent back in the same
bottom.’ The consignees intimidated by the aspect of affairs,
fled to the castle for protection. When the tea arrived, the
inhabitants placed a guard over the vessel, that no part of it
should be taken on shore; it was kept in this situation some
days to the great uneasiness and excitement of the people ;

1 There had been imported into Boston during five years ending with 1772,

two thousand seven hundred and fourteen chests by more than one hundred
different persons. Gord., vol. i. p 331.
496 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

both the Governor and custom-house officers refusing to grant
permission for the vessels to return. On the 16th of December,
a very full meeting of the inhabitants was held at the Old South,
attended by many people from the neighboring towns, on which
occasion a message was sent to the Governor, earnestly solicit-
ing a passport for the return of the vessels: when his reiterated
refusal was received, it was found by those who directed the
storm that something more than words were necessary, and
that the time of action had arrived.

’ Mr. Quincy, in a spirit-stirring address to the meeting, ob-
served: “It is not the spirit that vapors within these walls, that
must stand usin stead. The exertions of this day will call
forth events, which will make a very different spirit necessary
for our salvation. Whoever supposes that shouts and hosannas
will terminate the trials of the day entertains a childish fancy.”
The meeting was suddenly dissolved upon a signal given, and
soon after a party of men disguised as Indians, proceeded to
the ships, and there, protected by the people of Boston and
the neighboring towns, they broke open the boxes and chests
of tea and discharged it all into the water. The whole was
done in two or three hours quietly, without interruption and
without any injury to other parts of the cargoes of the vessels. .
The people were sensible that if the tea were landed under any
pretence or guaranty, it would imperceptibly find its way into
use ; they believed that its re-exportation or total destruction
could alone remove the evil they were aiming to avoid. In
New York and Philadelphia the tea ships were sent back, while
in Charleston, 8. C., the cargo was permitted to be landed at
the fort under an engagement that it should not be sold.

The people who lived at a distance from Boston, and conse-
quently not wrought up to the degree of excitement, which ex-
isted there, were filled with apprehension at the consequences
expected from this daring measure. They were however soon

! This took place December 16, 1773,
REVOLUTION—TEA RIOT. 497

reassured by the tone of confidence which animated the circu-
lars and correspondence of the Boston committees. Although
some of the boldest leaders had not only contemplated but even
desired a separation from the mother country, yet the people
generally did not entertain an idea or wish of the kind; they
looked upon an opposition carried to the extent of a civil war,
at first, with the utmost dread, anda result to be avoided by
every means short of absolute submission.' We can trace the
progress of the views of the people in Falmouth, by comparing
the conciliating, we may almost say, tame instructions given
to their representative in January, 1773, with their proceedings,
in relation to the tea transaction in January, 1774. The com-
mittee of correspondence in Boston, had written letters to the
selectmen of the town, calling upon them for a firm and decided
expression of opinion regarding public measures, and anima-
ting them by all the considerations of patriotic feeling to enlist
at once in the great cause of resistance to the arbitrary meas-
ures of the English government. A town ;meeting was held
January 25, “to choose a committee to make answer to the
several letters received from the committee of correspondence
in Boston,” and to report what ought to be done “ for the
public welfare under the alarming circumstances”? which
existed.2 On the 8d of Feb. they made along report, declaring
that having considered attentively some late acts of parliament
which laid taxes for the purpose of raising a revenue from the
colonies without their consent, they think it the duty of the
town to declare their opinion in a matter which so highly con-
cerned their own and future generations, “ that neither the
Parliament of Great Britain nor any other power on earth has
a right to lay a tax on us but by our own consent or the con-_

' Samuel Adams, long before this, had said ‘‘ The country shall be independ-
ent, and we will be satisfied with nothing short of it.’ Gord., vol. i., p. 347.

2The committee consisted of Jedediah Preble, Richard Codman, John Waite,
Enoch Freeman, Benjamin Winslow, John Butler, and Samuel Freeman.
498 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

sent of those whom we may choose to represent us.”' The

report was accompanied by a set of resolves in which they
declared their determination that they would not suffer to be
imported into the town any article on which Parliament had
laid a duty, nor have any dealings with persons who will pro-
mote such arbitrary acts, and that they will desist from the use
of tea, and discountenance by all means any attempt to intro-
duce it while the duty continues, and finally applauded the
conduct of the inhabitants of Boston in relation to the tea
ships. A committee of correspondence was then chosen,’ and
the selectmen were appointed a committee of inspection, to
observe if any person bought or sold tea contrary to the resolves
of the town, and to withhold their approbation for license from
such tavern keepers and retailers as presume to violate the re-

solves. A committee was also raised to ascertain the quantity ....

and description of the tea then in town, and report at a future
meeting. In the May following, Enoch Freeman was chosen
representative, and was instructed to vote against paying for
the tea destroyed.

There was a per contra to the revolutionary tempest which
was raging wildly through the land, and a strong body of
conservatives endeavored by conciliatory counsels and measures

1 For the report and resolves at length see Appendix XIII.

2 This committee consisted of the persons who made the report, and was the
first committee of the kind raised in town.

3 This committee consisted of Benjamin Mussey, Robert Pagan, and Enoch
Moody, who reported that the whole quantity of tea in town, was two thousand
three hundred and eighty pounds of bohea, and thirty-five pounds of green ;
that Enoch Ilsley had all the green tea, and one thousand pounds of the bohea,
the rest was held by Dr. Watts, Samuel Freeman, Ebenezer Owen, John Archer,
Thomas Oxnard, Simeon Mayo, Paul Little, John Fox, and Ebenezer Mayo ;
that the green tea was selling at eighteen shillings a pound lawful money, and
the bohea at two shillings and five pence. On this report the town voted that
the owners of the tea might do what they pleased with it. I suppose that we
may infer from this that the tea was smuggled, and not being flavored with the
obuoxious tax, was less injurious to the nerves of the people.
CONSERVATIVES. 499

to stay the pressure of the radical tendency. Such men were |
found in Falmouth, who, while they did not approve of the Op-
pressive measures of the mother country, were sensitively ap-
prehensive of an open and cureless breach. Some of these
persons in February, 1774, sent an address to Gov. Hutchin-
son, expressing their disapprobation “of the proceedings of
the town meeting,” “the indecent reflections on the adminis-
tration at home, the East India Company, and in particular
what is said respecting your excellency.” They “ further dis-
approve of the resolve acknowledging any obligation to Boston
for their conduct respecting the tea ships.” This was signed
by Moses Pearson, Stephen Longfellow, Theophilus Bradbury,
David Wyer, Jr., Benjamin Titcomb, Jeremiah Pote, Enoch
Ilsley, Thomas Cumming, Greenfield Pote, Thomas Oxnard,
Robert Pagan, John Kent, Moses Shattuck, Wm. Cobb, Sim-
eon Mayo, Thomas Coulson, Wm. Simmonds, Thomas Sand-
ford.

Hutchinson sent them a very courteous answer, dated Feb.
19, 1774.

On Sept. 1, 1775, a portion of the above, viz: Longfellow,
Bradbury, Wyer, Ilsley, Kent, Mayo, Sandford, Shattuck, and
Titcomb, signed a public retraction, which will be found on a
subsequent page.

This entire defeat of the favorite plan of the English ad-
ministration, exceedingly exasperated government, and under
the influence of their excited feelings, they adopted measures
which tended still further to alienate the minds of the colonists
and to produce a crisis. Their whole displeasure was poured
out upon Massachusetts. On the 31st of March, the Boston
port bill was passed, by which the officers of the customs were
removed from Boston, and all trade interdicted with that
place. This was followed by an act for “ the better regulating
the government of Massachusetts Bay,” by which the appoint-
ment of all civil officers of the colony was taken from the people
and vested in the crown. Anda third act, nominally, “ for the
500 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

impartial administration of justice,” authorized the removal of
persons indicted for any capital offense committed in the sup-
port of public authority, to England or some other colony for
trial. These acts passed both houses of Parliament by over-
whelming majorities.

The effect of these sévere laws was to unite at once all parts
of the continent in measures of resistance. The several towns
in the province promptly expressed their sympathy toward the
people of Boston, their readiness to assist them, and their firm

determination to aid them in the great cause of American

liberty. On the 14th of June, the day on which the harbor
of Boston was shut, the bell in this town was muffled and
tolled all day without cessation, from sunrise until nine o’clock
in the evening,' and the 29th was observed in town as a day
of fast, on account of the gloomy state of affairs? The next
day a meeting of the inhabitants was held to take into consid-
eration the alarming state of this province, and of the other
provinces, when it was voted that the committee of correspon-
dence be directed to write a letter of sympathy to the inhabit-
ants of Boston, and assure them of the encouragement and
support of this town as far as their abilities extended. They
also voted to write to the principal towns in Massachusetts to
ascertain their views in relation to the non-importation agree-
ment. Hopes were still entertained that this engine which had
operated so powerfully upon the stamp act, might again be

1The act went into operation June 1, ‘but vessels then within the harbor
were allowed until the 14th to depart, after which no vessels were allowed
to goin or out except coastwise with provisions for the sustenance of the
inhabitants. The House of Burgesses in Virginia, appointed the first day of
June to be kept as a day of fasting and prayer; and in Philadelphia the bells
were rung muffled, and business was generally suspended.

2The fast was generally observed, although some improved the occasion to
show their hostility to public opinion. Mr. Smith says, “June 30, * * * made
an entertainment yesterday for the tories in opposition to the fast, and * * and
* * kept their shops open.” Sheriff Tyng probably made the feast. Perhaps
Pagan and Pote kept open shop.
PROCEEDINGS IN FALMOUTH. 501

used with success. With this view, endeavors were made to
bring about a union on this point, in which the people of the
several colonies heartily concurred. A public meeting in New
York, held in July, expressed the opinion “that a non-impor-
tation agreement faithfully observed would prove the most effi-
cacious means to procure a redress of grievances.” On the
23d of July, this town voted to observe the non-importation
agreement, and the same meeting recommended that a contri-
bution should be taken in the several parishes for the relief of
the poor in Boston.! On the 25th of August, another meeting —
was held on occasion of a circular from Boston, in anticipation
of the arrival of the two acts of Parliament altering the course
of justice and annihilating the constitution of the province.
The meeting expressed a firm opposition to these obnoxious
measures, their trust that some method of redress would be
adopted by the approaching Congress, and their ardent wish
that harmony with the mother country might be again restored.
The town at the same time recommended that a convention
should be held of delegates from all the towns in the county,
for the purpose of effecting a concert of action in relation to the
non-importation agreement and other measures of general inter-
est, and appointed a committee to attend the convention and
correspond with other towns on the subject.? In pursuance of
this recommendation, a convention of delegates from the sev-
eral towns in the county, assembled at Falmouth, Septem-
ber 21st.2 A large collection of people came to town the

1 This was had in the first parish, September 11; the amount raised in towu
we cannot ascertain. In February, 1775, Falmouth sent to Boston as a donation
fifty-one and a half cords of wood, and Cape Elizabeth forty-four and a half
cords.

2The committee consisted of Enoch Freeman, Stephen Longfellow, Enoch
Ilsley, Samuel Freeman, Richard Codman, and John Waite.

3 The convention met at Mrs. Greele’s tavern: the house stood on the corner
of Congress and Hampshire streets, one story high: it was moved about 1860
to Washington street. They adjourned in the afternoon to the town-house.
502 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

same day to compel Sheriff Tyng to refuse compliance with
the act of Parliament regulating civil government in the pro-
vince.! The people sent a committee to the convention to
invite their co-operation, which was complied with, and Mr.
Tyng was requested to attend upon that body; where, “in
compliance with the commands of the inhabitants,” he sub-
scribed a declaration, that he would not, without the consent of
the county, exercise any authority under the obnoxious acts.
His declaration was voted to be satisfactory, and the conven-
tion proceeded to its deliberations. A spirited report, accom-
panied by a series of propositions, in which sound principles of
independence were maintained, was drawn up and ordered to
be published and transmitted to the several towns in the coun-
ty, and votes were passed which manifested a determination to
resist at. every hazard the odious acts of Parliament which de-
prived them of their chartered rights.?

On the 22d of September, a town meeting was held at which
Enoch Freeman, the representative of the town, was empowered
to join the other members in a provincial Congress, if it should
be thought expedient to form one; at the same time a large
committee was chosen to receive complaints against any per-
son who may exorbitantly enhance the prices of his goods after
the non-importation agreement should take effect. But the
town did not exhaust itself in good resolutions, measures of.
defense were also adopted, and the selectmen were directed
forthwith to provide arms and ammunition, and make provision
for the same by a rate according tolaw. Joshua Moody, Dan-
iel Isley, Jabez Jones, William Frost, and Benjamin Winslow

1 Mr, Tyng received his appointment as sheriff in 1767, on the resignation of
Moses Pearson. See the proceedings of this convention in Appendix XIV.

2 As the proceedings of the convention will be found entire in the appendix it
is not necessary to dwell more particularly upon them here: the report is believed
to have been drawn up by the late Judge Freeman who was secretary of the
convention and chairman of the committee. Enoch Freeman was president of
the convention.
PROCEEDINGS OF FALMOUTH. 503

were appointed captains, with power to appoint suitable officers
under them, of such volunteers as would put themselves under
their respective commands.

On the 24th of October, 1774, the continental Congress
unanimously adopted articles of association for ‘“non-importa-
tion, non-consumption, and a non-exportation agreement,” and
recommended its observance to the people of the several colo-
nies, which, they say, if “faithfully adhered to will prove the
most speedy, effectual, and peaceful measure” to obtain re-
dress of grievances. These articles, fourteen in number, re-
ceived the hearty approbation of the town, who appointed a
committee of eleven, to see that they were duly observed by
the inhabitants.'. December 26, a committee was chosen to re-
move the cannon from the fort and secure them as they thought
proper, as also the powder, balls, and gun carriages belonging
to the town ;? and the officers of the several companies were
ordered to enlist minute men agreeably to the recommenda-
tion of the provincial Congress.

Thus ended this anxious and eventful year with the busy
note of preparation which rung from Nova Scotia to Georgia.
The hope yet was that it would all result in an abandonment
by the mother county of the fatal measures which had hurried
on the people of the colonies, with a maddening impulse, to rise
asa single man in defense of their rights, and that the sad
necessity of a civil war would be averted. The people in every
act exhibited a calmness and fixedness of purpose, which, to an
unprejudiced and intelligent observer, might have furnished a
prophetic vision of the termination of the controversy. The
proceedings of the continental Congress were resolute and with-
out noisy precipitation, the members had taken their lives in
their hands, they kept one object, the maintenance of their lib-

1 This committee consisted of E. Freeman, John Waite, B. Mussey, William
Owen, Theophilus Parsons, Alexander Gray, Daniel Ilsley, Daniel Dole, Jabez
Jones, Samuel Knight, and Thomas Sanford.

2 This committee consisted of B. Mussey, Joseph Noyes, and Joseph McLellan.
504 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

erty, steadily in view, and their march was onward. The House
of Representatives of Massachusetts, which met at Salem on the
5th of October, resolved itself into a provincial Congress, and on
the 8th adjourned to Concord. This body took the government
of the province into their hands, and made vigorous preparations
for the approaching contest. October 27, Jedediah Preble of
this town, with Artemas Ward and Col. Pomeroy, were ap-
pointed general officers of the provincial forces, the chief com-
mand of which was offered to General Preble, who declined on
account of his health and advanced age, and it was bestowed
upon General Ward.!

The English authorities both at home and in this country
pursued without relaxation, measures of severity toward the
colonists; the whole tendency of their policy was to compel
them to acknowledge the supremacy of Parliament.2 In this
scheme they were supported by overwhelming majorities in
both houses, although a few great men like Chatham, and Cam-
den, and Burke, threw themselves between the uplifted arm
and the victims of arbitrary power. Boston had sometime be-
fore the commencement of this year, exhibited the appearance
of a camp, the neck was guarded by a breastwork, at which
sentinels were placed, and the inhabitants were made to feel
the evils of military power.

On the other hand the colonists had not been inactive spec-
tators of the work of oppression ; they were not only bringing
their minds to contemplate the last argument which it was in
the power of freemen to use, but they were preparing their bod-
ies and their resources for the conflict. Committees had been
chosen by the provincial Congress in October, of supplies and
safety, who were making arrangements for defense; and the
whole people, in pursuance of recommendations from the same

1Gordon, pp. 414. 486.

2 The haughty Wedderburne in a speech in the British Parliament, exclaimed,
“Shall that Congress with woolen caps and leathern strings in their shoes, dare
oppose the right of Parliament taxing them 2”
PREPARATION FOR WAR. 505

body were organizing themselves into companies, which were
regularly disciplining themselves in military practice. Some of
them under the name of minute-men held themselves in constant
readiness to move when occasion required. In January, this
town assessed the inhabitants eighty pounds to purchase pow-
der, and directed the collectors and sheriff to pay the prov-
ince tax levied upon the town into the town treasury for the
use of the provincial Congress, and voted that ‘they would
cheerfully raise their proportion of money to pay the minute-
men.””!
The legal government of the province was at an end, and
public opinion bore the sway which was due to just laws. But
this powerful machinery accomplished all the purposes of the
most perfect government; each town was a little republic, ob-
serving with magnetic influence the recommendations of the
continental and provincial Congresses. The government of
this town was exercised principally by committees of corres-
pondence, safety, and inspection; they watched vigilantly over
all concerns of a public nature, and issued from their commit-
tee rooms decrees which had the effect of laws.2 They main-
tained inviolably the non-importation agreement, refusing to
relax it on any occasion, even at the earnest solicitation of
those friendly to their cause. Such a universal exhibition of
patriotism throughout the whole country, and such entire self-
devotion to the cause of liberty were probably never before
displayed.

At the annual meeting in March, no person was elected to
office who was not known to be decidedly favorable to the
cause of the people.? Great hope had been entertained that

1In the first four months of this year five hundred and seventy-five pounds
were assessed for the -purchase of powder and other public charges—when in
1773 only one hundred and twenty-three pounds were raised for town charges.

2For proceedings of these committees see Appendix No. XV.

3 Captain John Waite, moderator, Deac. Moody, clerk, Smith Cobb, treasurer,
Maj. Freeman, B. Mussey, William Owen, Brackett, and H. Merrill, selectmen,

or

 
506 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

when news of the resolute spirit of the colonies should reach
England, it would produce a more temperate consideration of
the grievances than ministers had been disposed to take, es-
pecially as the manufacturers and merchants were generally
in favor of a repeal of the obnoxious laws. But when instead
of perceiving a relaxation in their favor, they found the admin-
istration determined to force down their arbitrary doctrines at
the point of the bayonet, they despaired of reconciliation and
prepared with more vigor to resist encroachment. The feel-
ings of the people became exceedingly irritated against those
who still countenanced the course of the mother country, and
personal quarrels often took place between individuals.' Capt.
Coulson, who was largely concerned in the masting business,
was violently opposed to popular measures, and became very
troublesome.” The committee of inspection had refused him
permission to land some rigging, sails, and stores which he
had just imported for a ship he was building here, and or-
dered them sent back to England. Coulson was very angry
at this order, and instead of obeying it, he procured the assist-
ance of Capt. Mowatt, in the sloop of war Canceau to rig his
ship, and sailed with her in company with Mowatt in May.’

‘A rencontre of this kind took place in King street in this town between Gen.
Preble and Sheriff Tyng, noticed in Dr. Deane’s Diary as follows. “The 8th day
of April, Gen. P. said to Mr. T. it is talked that there will be a mob. They met
Mr. 0. (Oxnard), T. said to O. we are going to have a mob to night: The Gen.
denied that he said so. T. contradicted him and called him an old fool, and
threatened he would chastise him if he were not an old man. The Gen. threat-
ened to cane him or knock him down if he should repeat those words: then T.
drew his sword and threatened to run him through. Then Preble collared and
shook T.; afterward T. asked pardon of the Gen. and it was granted. The popu-
lace inquired if the Gen. was satisfied, and told him he should have all the further
satisfaction he desired, but he desired nothing more.”

? He had resided here about three years; he had married Dorcas, a daughter
of the elder Dr. Coffin, and lived in the old doctor’s house in King sireet. Ed-
ward Oxnard in his M. 8. Journal, under the years 1776-’77, frequently speaks
of meeting Mrs. Coulson in Bristol, England. In one instance he says Mr. Wis-

wall came to her from her husband in Ireland, wishing her to go over to him.
She died about the year 1800.

3 Coulson’s ship was one thousand tons burthen and was built at the ship yard

east of King street.
CHAPTER XIX.

REVOLUTIONARY WAR—PROCEEDINGS IN FALMOUTH—MOWATT TAKEN PRISONER—PROCEEDINGS AGAINST
TORIES—TROOPS RAISED—DENUNCIATION OF GOV. HUTCHINSON—ARRIVAL OF MOWATT AND DESTRUC-
TION OF THE TOWN—APPLICATIONS FOR RELIEF—MEASURES OF DEFENSE—PRIVATEERING—SACRIFICES
OF THE PEOPLE—CAPTURE OF BAGADUCE—EXPEDITION TO THE PENOBSCOT—CAPTURE OF GENERAL
WaDSWoRTH—SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS—CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE REYOLUTION—CONSTITUTION
PREPARED AND ADOPTED—ACTS AGAINST MONOPOLIES—-CLOSE OF THE WAR—THE FISHERIES—

PEACE.

On the 21st of April, in the midst of the excitement and
irritation produced by Coulson’s inviting the sloop of war here
to assist him in violating the articles of association, news of
the battle of Lexington was received. Much consternation and
alarm was produced by this event, which was viewed as the
commencement of a civil war; the same day a company of sol-
diers belonging to this town set off to aid the people in the
neighborhood of Boston. On the 23d, a town meeting was held
and the selectmen were authorized “to borrow instantly one
hundred and thirteen pounds six shillings and eight pence” to
purchase powder; it was also voted that the minute-men on
the Neck should turn out four days in a week to exercise two
hours for each day for two months, to be paid by the town six
pence a piece for each day, and that those who lived off the
Neck should turn out three times a week and be allowed eight
pence a day. It was voted at the same meeting to pay twenty-
four shillings bounty to each minute-man who shall march out
of the county when required. The town treasurer was di-
508 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

rected to forward the amount of the province tax, in his hands,
to Henry Gardner, the treasurer of the provincial Congress,
“instantly,” and hire what remained due of the tax and trans-
mit it without delay. A committee of safety was chosen at
the same mecting, who were directed to procure “instantly,”
such a quantity of provisions for the use of the town as they
should think necessary, and deposit it in suitable places, for
which the town treasurer was authorized to give his notes of
hand.' Jedediah Preble, William Frost, John Fox, William
McLellan, and Simeon Mayo were added to the committee of in-
spection, and Joseph McLellan, Enoch Usley, Thomas Smith, and
Paul Little to the committee of correspondence. These prompt
and spirited proceedings were adopted, notwithstanding the
Canceau was then lying in the harbor, whose commander was
constantly urged to check them, by the vindictive feelings of
Coulson and others, who had suffered for their non-compliance
with the decrees of the popular party. The people however
were alarmed the day after these spirited proceedings by the
arrival of two tenders, which were supposed to be intended to
reinforce Mowatt and enable him to pursue offensive measures.
Many people under this impression moved their property out
of town.”

Although the apprehension from these vessels, which were
on their return from Penobscot, where they had been to dis-
mantle a fort, proved to be groundless; yet the people from
the country entertained the idea of destroying Mowatt’s ship
under an expectation of ridding themselves of future trouble
from that quarter. But the inhabitants of the Neck dissuaded
them, reasoning with good judgment that the attempt would

! This committee consisted of Timothy Pike, Daniel Dole, William Frost, Enoch
Ilsley, B. Titcomb, and Stephen Waite.

2 “April 25, we sent away to Windham our principal things. Our people are
many of them doing the same.”—Simuth’s Journal. ‘People moving’ their goods
out of town in great numbers. The country people are flocking in to buy corn
and other provisions.”—Deane’s Diary.
REVOLUTION—PREPARATION FOR WAR. 509

not only be futile, but be attended with dangerous consequences
to themselves. The mad zeal of some would not listen to the
suggestions of prudence, and on the 7th of May, Col. Samuel
Thompson of Brunswick came here with about fifty men, with
a design to destroy the ship.!- He was a Lt. Colonel of a mili-
tia regiment, and a member of the Provincial Congress. They
encamped in a thick grove of pines which then stood on the
northern side of Munjoy’s hill, near Sandy Point. Their ar-
rival was unknown to our inhabitants, until the same day an
opportunity occurring, they seized Capt. Mowatt, his surgeon,
and the Rev. Mr. Wiswell, who were walking upon the hill.
This event created among the inhabitants both surprise and
consternation, especially that when the affair was known on
board of the ship, the officer in command gave notice that un-
less the prisoners were given up immediately, he would lay
the town in ashes.?

Some of the principal persons in town endeavored to per-
suade Col. Thompson to deliver up the prisoners, which he
resolutely refused to do; and Col. Phinney of Gorham, who
was in town, fearing that there would be a rescue, immediately
sent off for his regiment. In the mean time the prisoners were
marched from the hill to Marston’s tavern.? Thompson con-
tinued unwilling to release the men, insisting that Providence
had thrown them into his hands, that it was open war between

' Each soldier had a spruce bough in his hat, and their standard was a small
spruce tree stripped of all but its head branches,

2 Our women were, I believe, every one of them in tears or praying or scream-
ing; precipitately leaving their houses, especially those whose husbands were
not at home, and widows; hurrying their goods into countrymen’s carts, never
asking their names though strangers, and carrying their children either out of
town or to the south end.”—Letter Freeman's Extracts, 2d part, p. 82.

2This tavern house stood opposite where the Old City Hall stands; it was
moved in the summer of 1833, to make room for the block of stores erected on
the lot by Joseph Noble and Thomas Hammond. It was for many years the
stage house after the revolution, and was kept successively by Graffam, Paine,

Folsom, Boston, etc.
510 HISTORY OF PORTLAND. ,

the colonies and Britain, and that it was his duty and policy
to retain them. But perceiving the town generally against
him, and the prisoners consenting to give their parole to deliver
themselves up the next day, he permitted them, under the
guaranty of Gen. Preble and Col. Freeman to return on board
the ship, about nine o’clock in the evening.!

Before morning, not only Col. Phinney’s men, but militia
from Gorham, Scarborough, Cape Elizabeth, and Stroudwater,
to the number of six hundred, hearing the news of the preced-
ing day, came into town. They were exceedingly exasperated
that Mowatt had been discharged and seemed determined to
destroy his ship. When it was ascertained that Mowatt did
not intend to keep his parole, they vented their rage upon
his hostages, Gen. Preble and Col. Freeman, whom they kept
in confinement that day without dinner, and refused to per-
wit their children to speak to them.2 Toward evening they
were released on condition of their furnishing refreshment to
the military then in town.?

The town was now under military government and the offi-
cers resolved themselves into a board of war. Being thus or-
ganized they proceeded to call before them persons suspected
to be tories; old Mr. Wyer, Rev. Mr. Wiswell, and Jeremiah
Pote attended upon their summons.* They exacted from Capt.

‘One strong argument urged for the liberation of Mowatt was the expectation
of several vessels from the south with flour and corn, of which the people stood
in need, and which would have been exposed to severe treatment. In the course
of two months several vessels arrived with six or eight thousand bushels of corn’
and five or six hundred barrels of flour.

2 Mowatt gave as a reason for not surrendering himself, that the people told
one of his men that if he came on shore he would be shot.

3 The number of men was about three hundred and thirty-seven; they taxed
Gen. Preble some barrels of bread, a number of cheeses, and two barrels of rum
for each company ; the expense was about ten pounds lawful.

4Mr. Wiswall declared his abhorrence of the doctrine of passive obedience,
and that Great Britain had no right to lay internal taxes : he declined giving any
opinion relative to the late acts of Parliament.
CONDUCT OF THE MILITIA. 511

Pote, money and provisions and required him to give a bond
of two thousand pounds to appear before the provincial Con-
gress and give an account of his conduct. The soldiers not
being under proper subordination conducted in an irregular
and disorderly manner, to the disgust and danger of the inhabi-
tants, all whose persuasions did not prevent them from com-
mitting some excesses. They rifled Capt. Coulson’s house and
used it as a barrack, and from Sheriff Tyng’s house they took
a silver cup and tankard and his gold laced hat.!. The confu-
sion was considerably increased by the free use of liquor found
in Coulson’s cellar; under this inspiration, a man by the name
of Calvin Lombard, went to the water side at the foot of King
street, and fired a musket, loaded with two balls, at the Can-
ceau, which penetrated deep into her side. The same day a
party of Thompson’s soldiers seized Coulson’s boat on the shore,
and next day nearly a hundred men hauled it through the
streets to the fields near where the meeting-house of the third
parish stands; the day after, another boat was hauled to the
same place. These repeated aggravations called from Mowatt
a demand for retribution ; he required that Lombard should
be given up, that the inhabitants should dispel the “mob from
the country,” as he called them, and restore the boats, or he
would fire upon the town. These requisitions created consid-
erable alarm, but the inhabitants at this time averted the dan-
ger by assuring Mowatt that the disturbances proceeded from
the country people and were beyond their control.”

1 The property taken from Coulson’s was valued at one hundred and forty-one
pounds one shilling and one penny, and from Tyng’s at fifty pounds.—Jes. of
Prov. Cung. The articles were carried to Gorham by Phinney’s men and secured.
Mr. Tyng’s plate was delivered to Mrs. Ross, the mother of Mrs. Tyng, by order
of Congress,

2The chairman of the committee of safety in a letter describing the confused
state of things, May 11, exclaims, “Good God! give us a regular government or
we are undone,” and again May 13, “God grant that order may come out of con-
fusion, and that Congress would give such directions in all parts of the province
that no such tumultuous assemblies may be seen, heard, or felt again.” —Free-

man's Extracts, 20 part, p. 41.
612 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

After much exertion the people of the town succeeded in per-
suiading the soldiers to return home; the last company left
town May 18. The soldiers had not at this time learned sub-
jection to their officers; they made their own wills the guide
of their conduct, and when Col. Phinney and Col. Thompson
required them to yield obedience to their orders, replied “‘we
have obeyed them long enough considering what we have got
by it.” While this force remained in town Mowatt felt uneasy
for the safety of his ship: having heard that cannon were to
be brought from the country to be used against it, he sent two
letters on shore in which he declared that the moment a shot
should be fired upon him, he should consider the town ina state
of open rebellion and should fire upon it. The inhabitants
met as early as eight o’clock in the morning and voted their
disapprobation “of the proceedings of the armed body, but
that they were unable to resist them.” All further trouble
was avoided at this time by the departure of the soldiery, which
was soon followed by Mowatt and Coulson’s ships, and the peo-
ple began again to enjoy some repose.

On the day after the battle of Lexington, the provincial
Congress having resolved that an army of thirteen thousand
and six hundred men should be raised in the province, trans-
mitted to every town a circular letter, conjuring the inhabitants
by all the considerations which have weight among men, to
give every aid in forming the army. One regiment was raised
in this county and placed under the command of Col. Phinney.
A convention of the county assembled on the 29th of May and
petitioned Congress that the regiment might be stationed here
for the defense of the town and county; but it being consid-
ered that there was more urgent need of the troops in the
neighborhood of Boston, four hundred of the men were ordered
there, and the remainder employed for the defense of the sea-
board, under command of Col. Freeman of this town.

On the 7th of June, the Senegal, a ship of sixteen guns,
with two tenders, arrived in the harbor, and on the 12th, the
“TROOPS RAISED. 5138

old disturber, Coulson, appeared again in his new ship to take
in his cargo of masts which he had procured sometime before.
His arrival was the signal of new disturbances; the people
began to get his masts and timber afloat, and to move them up
the river beyond his reach, as advised by the committee of
safety. Sheriff Tyng, who had left town soon after the battle
of Lexington to put himself under the protection of his friends
in Boston, was with Coulson, and at their request their wives
were permitted to visit them;' but the committee wrote to
them and the Capt. of the Senegal, that as Coulson was a de-
clared enemy of the country, and had put the town to great
charge and trouble, they would not consent that he should take
in his cargo.2 On the 22d of June, one of Coulson’s boats
which was sent up the Presumpscot in search of masts and
spars, as was supposed, was seized by the people, with five men
and three guns. The men were released in two or three days,
but the property was kept. In the same month there was a
general muster of the soldiers, including Col. Phinney’s regi-
ment on the Neck, which made a fine display, and inspired
the people with confidence in their strength ; commissions had
been granted to Phinney’s regiment by the provincial Congress
in April, and on the first of July they were confirmed by the
continental Congress. Two companies commanded by Cap-
tains Bradish and Brackett of this town, belonged to this regi-
ment. Capt. Brackett marched his company for Cambridge
on the 8d of July; Capt. Bradish followed in a few days; a
lecture was preached to Capt. Bradish’s company, who all be-
longed to this town, by Dr. Deane on the 6th of July, previous
to their departure. Capt. Joshua Brackett served in the

1 Mr. Tyng had received from Gov. Gage, in 1774, a colonel’s commission.

2There was a resolve of Congress to prevent tories carrying their effects out
" of the country.

3The names of Capt. Bradish’s company are in Appendix XVI. Three com-

panies were raised in Falmouth, Scarborough, and Cap2 Elizabeth. Bradish
was an excellent officer, and served through the war. He was commissioned
514 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

French war, 1758. He died in Westbrook, 1816, aged ninety-
three. There were three companies raised in Falmouth, Cape
Elizabeth, and Scarborough in the beginning of the struggle.
So many of our inhabitants having been withdrawn to sup-
ply the army, attention was bestowed to place the remainder
in an attitude of defense; the selectmen were ordered to de-
liver a quarter of a pound of powder to each person who was
destitute, but who had a gun and was willing to defend the
country ; and a committee was appointed to mount as many of
the cannon belonging to the town as they thought proper.
A few men were also raised and stationed under the direction
of a committee in the most suitable places. These measures
of preparation were of so absorbing interest that but little at-
tention was paid to civil affairs; the court of common pleas
met on the 25th of July, and adjourned the same day; the

 

Major in Col. Timothy Bigelow’s regiment, January 1, 1777. He died in 1818.
Maj. Bradish married Abiah Merrill, July 19, 1767, by whom he had several
children. His sons, Levi and David, are well remembered by our aged citizens.
Levi inherited the martial spirit of his father and commanded the ‘Portland
Light Infantry” company from December, 1803, to May, 1809, with a fine mili-
tary spirit and discipline. This company succeeded in 18032, the first Volunteer
company established in Portland, or, as I think, in Maine. That company was
organized in 1798, under a call by President Adams on the declaration of war
with France. Its officers were Joseph C. Boyd, Capt., Ezekiel Day, Lieut., Rich-
ard C. Wiggin, Ensign, and the late Thomas Motley of Boston, Orderly Sergeant.
This company was disbanded in 1803, and the Portland Light Infantry company
then organized. Ezekiel Day was Captain, and Thomas Motley, Lieutenant.
The uniform was the Roman helmet with waving hair over the top, red coats
faced with black, black stocks, white vests, and pantaloons, the latter with black
cord on the seams, black half gaiters with red tops. It was an admirable and
beautiful company, and for several years the only uniformed company in town.
Francis Osgood, Nathaniel Shaw, John H. Hall, succeeded Bradish. The Cap-
tains up to 1850, now living, are Jonathan Smith, Benjamin Ilsley, Arthur M.
Small, Joseph Ilsley, Samuel J. Anderson. The social gatherings of the com-
pany were exceedingly attractive, as were also those of the Portland Rifle Co.,
which in 1811 ranged in line with the Light Infantry, and under command of
Capt. Atherton with Henry Smith for his Lieutenant, for the first time in that
year made its brilliant and striking parade.
REVOLUTION—GOV. HUTCHINSON’S ADDRESSERS. 515

sheriff and crier were absent and no jurors had been returned.
They did not meet again until October, 1776.!

The remainder of the summer passed away without any
trouble from abroad, and the interval was employed to see if
all was sound within.? The towns were generally making in-
vestigations into the firmness of the principles of the people,
and whenever any act was done by which suspicion was aroused,
the screw of public opinion was immediately applied. When
Gov. Hutchinson was about leaving the country in 1774, people
in various parts of the country, according to custom, presented
him with complimentary addresses. A paper of that kind was
sent from this town signed by some of the principal men, with-
out distinction of party. When it was perceived by the letter
book of the governor accidentally found in the garret of his
seat at Milton, that he had been constantly misrepresenting to
the British ministry the motives and conduct of the people,
while he was pretending to be friendly to them; a universal
horror was felt at his duplicity, and all who had shown him
any marks of respect, were made to feel in a degree the indig-
nation which was due to his conduct. Those who had been
deceived by the arts of the Governor, and had subscribed these
addresses, were required to publish apologies in the public
papers. The one from this town was dated September 1, 75,
and appeared in the Essex Gazette on the 7th, and was as fol-

1 William Tyng was sheriff and Joshua Freeman, crier; the judges were Jere-
miah Powell, Eaoch Freeman, Moses Pearson, and Jonas Mason. Oct 11, 1775,
the provincial Congress issued a commission in the name of the “Government and
people of Massachusetts Bay,” appointing Powell, Freeman, Mason, and Solo-
mon Lombard, justices of this court; next day John Waite was appointed

sheriff.

2In May, 1775, the selectmen of this town employed Jabez Mathews and David
Dinsmore of New Gloucester, to go to Quebec and ascertain if there were any
hostile movements there against the back settlements of our province; their
‘ youte was by the Kennebec river. Mathews returned in June, and reported that
there was no such design; and was sent to make report to the provincial Con-

gress.—Freeman, vol. ii. pp. 89, 46.
516 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

lows: ‘We, the subscribers, declare that in signing the letter
to Gov. Hutchinson of the 11th of February, 1774, lately pub-
lished, it was the farthest from our intentions to injure or of-
fend our town or country, or to signify our approbation of
those acts of Parliament which are so universally and justly
odious to America. We really thought Governor Hutchinson
was a friend to his country, and hoped he would have endeay-
ored when in England, to obtain a redress of our grievances,
and are sorry to find ourselves mistaken. We detest the
thought of knowingly countenancing or encouraging an enemy
to our once happy constitution ; and had we then been con-
vinced that he was one as we now are, we should never have
signed that letter. We further declare that it has always been
our determination to observe the association and resolves of
the continental and provincial Congresses, and hope this decla-
ration will be satisfactory to the public, whose favor we shall
always think ourselves happy in deserving.””!

After this, nothing particularly interesting took place rela-
tive to Falmouth until the 16th of October, when Capt. Mowatt
again arrived at the mouth of the harbor with the Canceau,
another ship called the Cat, two schooners, and a bomb sloop.
When the people perceived that it was Mowatt, they felt but
little apprehension for themselves, supposing his object to be
to get cattle and provisions; they therefore sent the greater
part of the two companies here, to guard the islands where
were large stocks of cattle and quantities of hay, and near
which Mowatt had anchored. The next day the wind being
unfavorable, the vessels were warped up the harbor and formed
in a line fronting the principal settlement on the Neck. The
first intimation the people had of the object of his visit, was by
a letter he sent on shore in the afternoon of the 17th, in which

‘This and another similar paper was signed by Enoch Isley, Theophilus
Bradbury, Thomas Sandford, John Kent, Benjamin Titcomb, David Wyer, Jr.,

Simeon Mayo, and Moses Shattuck. Of the signers of the address, Pote, Ox-
nud, aud Coulson became refugees.
MOWATT’S FLEET—HIS SUMMONS. 517

he informed them that he had been sent to “execute a just
punishment on the town of Falmouth,” and allowed them but
two hours to remove themselves and families from the scene of
danger.!

1 The following is the letter written on this occasion :

“Canceau, Faumoutn, October 16. 1775,

** After so many premeditated attacks on the legal prerogative of the best of
sovereigns, after the repeated instances you have experienced in Britain’s long
forbearance of the rod of correction, and the manifest and paternal extention of
her hands to embrace again and again, have been regarded as vain, and nuga-
tory ; and in place of a dutiful and grateful return to your King and parent
State, you have been guilty of the most unpardonable rebellion, supported by
the ambition of a set of designing men, whose insidious views have cruelly im-
posed on the credulity of their fellow creatures, and at last have brought the
whole into the same dilemma; which leads me to feel, not a little, the woes of
the innocent of them in particular on the present occasion, from my having it
in orders to execute a just punishment on the town of Falmouth, in the name
of which authority I previously warn you to remove without delay, the human
specie out of the said town, for which purpose I give you the time of two hours,
at the period of which, a red pendant will be hoisted at the main tcp gallant
mast head, with a gun. But should your imprudence lead you to show the
least resistance, you will in that case, free me of that humanity so strongly
pointed out in my orders, as well as in my inclination.

T do also observe, that all those who did on a fermer occasion fly to the king’s
ship under my command, for protection, that the same door is now open to re-
ceive them.

The officer who will deliver this letter, I expect to return immediately un-
molested. Iam, &c., H. MOWATT.”

The Rev. Jacob Bailey, who was officiating in Falmouth, in place of Mr.
Wiswell, in a letter published in vol. v., p. 441, of the Maine Historical Collec-
tions, says the officer ‘landed at the lower end of India street amid a prodigious
assembly of people, which curiosily and expectation had drawn together from
every quarter.” He says the officer was conveyed with uacommon parade to
the town house, and silence being commanded, ‘a letter was delivered and read
by Mr. Bradbury, a lawyer, but not without such a visible emotion as occa-
sioned a tremor in his voice.” This was Theophilus Bradbury, who moved to
Newburyport after the destruction of the town, and became a judge in the Su-
preme Court. Mr. Bailey adds, “It is impossible to describe the amazement
which prevailed upon reading this alarming declaration ; a frightful consterna-
tion ran through the assembly; a profound silence ensued for several moments.”
He says again, Brigadier Preble, Dr. Coffin, and Mr. Pagan were chosen a com-
mittee to wait upon the Commodore. ‘He received them with expressions of
518 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The vessels came here directly from Boston, and no doubt
can be entertained that the order for the destruction of the
town proceeded from Admiral Greaves, who then commanded
on this station, whose mind had probably been inflamed by the
representations of Mowatt, Coulson, and others. On the receipt
of Mowatt’s letter the people on the Neck immediately assembled
and appointed Gen. Preble, Dr. Coffin, and Robert Pagan to
wait upon him to ascertain the cause of the threatened calamity,

and see if it could, by any means, be averted. The mission ....

was fruitless, Capt. Mowatt informed them that his orders were
peremptory, that they did not even authorize him to give the
inhabitants any warning and in so doing he had risked the loss
of his commission. At the earnest entreaty of the committee,
he consented to postpone the execution of his severe orders
until eight o’clock the next morning, on condition that the in-
habitants would deliver to him eight small arms, and agree to
suspend further proceedings until he could receive an answer
to an express which he would dispatch to the admiral, provided
the people would, before eight o’clock the next morning, sur-
render four pieces of cannon which were then in town and all
their small arms and ammunition. The committee frankly
told him that they thought the inhabitants would not submit to
this proposition, but promised to lay it before them and return
him an answer.

On reaching the shore they found the anxious multitude as-

 

humanity, and even shed tears at the repetition of his orders.” He adds, ‘ At
length the fatal hour arrived! At exactly hulf an hour after nine, the flag was
hoisted on the top of the mast, and the cannon began to roar with incessant and
tremendous fury.” After describing the terrible scene of the bombardment
and conflagration in which “the elegant and thriving town of Falmouth was
suddenly ruined,” he closes, “in a word about three-quarters of the town was
consumed, and between two and three hundred families, who twenty-four hours
before enjoyed in tranquility their commodious habitations, were now in many
inst:nces destitute of a hat for themselves and families.”

We cannot but think that the tears which Mr. Bailey says Mowatt shed were
like the iron tears which came from Pluto's eyes !
REVOLUTION—DESTRUCTION OF FALMOUTH. 519

sembled at the town house, to whom they reported the result
of their conference. The town without hesitation disapproved
of the terms, but in order to gain time for the removal of the
women and children, and the sick, with as much property as
possible, they sent off in the evening the eight small arms and
informed the Captain that the town would have a meeting early
in the morning, and give a definite reply to his proposal by
eight o’clock. The meeting was held, and the inhabitants
with a firmness and courage worthy of all praise and a better
fate, while the loaded cannon were pointed toward them, reso-
lutely rejected a proposition which carried with it the abject
terms of surrendering their arms to save their property. The
same committee was appointed to convey their determination
and were instructed to occupy as much time as possible on
board. But so impatient was Mowatt to begin the work of
destruction, that the committee at half-past eight o’clock were
requested to go on shore and only half an hour allowed them
to escape from the coming storm.

At nine and a half o’clock the firing commenced from all the
vessels in the harbor which kept up a discharge of balls from
three to nine pounds weight, bombs, carcasses, shells, grape shot,
and musket balls with little cessation until six o’clock in the eve-
ning. Inthe mean time parties landed from the vessels and
set fire to various buildings.'. The inhabitants were so much

1 The first house set on fire was B. Bailey’s, which stood where the brick block
stands on Middle street near where Federal street joins it; it was two stories,
and occupied by Josiah Shaw for a dwelling-house and saddler’s shop; it was
fired by a shell. Mr. Shaw was the father of Nathaniel, who died in 1831, and
grandfather of Nathaniel Shaw now living among us; they both followed the
trade of their ancestor who came here from Hampton, N. H., in 1753. The
next was a dwelling-house on the corner of India and Federal streets, belonging
to Capt. Hoole, by a carcass. A barge came on shore and the crew scattered
in different directions, one detachment proceeded to Dr, Lowther’s house on
India street, the Dr. who was standing at the door, was ordered to quit the
house; on his departure, they set fire to the building and burnt it with its con-
tents, and also those of his apothecary shop ; about one hundred men landed
520 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

occupied in removing their families and property to places of
safety, that but little resistance was made to the parties which
landed. No plan of defense had been concerted; the soldiers
were scattered, part of them having that morning returned
from the islands, where they had been on duty, were employed
in saving their families and goods, and the remainder were
without any sufficient leader; all, both soldiers and others,
were in too great consternation to make any effectual resist-
ance. There was also a deficiency of powder, there not being
an hour’s supply in town. Had there been one company here,
well organized and of sufficient coolness, much of the evil oc-
casioned by straggling marines might have been prevented.
Several of the British were killed and wounded; none fortu-
nately were killed on the side of the inhabitants, and only one
wounded.!

The town soon presented a broad sheet of flame, which as
the buildings were of wood, spread with great rapidity and in-
volved all the thickest part of the settlement in one common
ruin. All the houses were destroyed on Fore street from Jor-
dan’s Point, where the Portland Company’s works are, to Ex-
change street, but one; all on both sides of Middle street as
far west as School street, except Sheriff Tyng’s, on the corner
of the street that goes into Clay cove, Theophilus Bradbury’s
on the corner of Willow street? and Thomas Smith’s house on

'This was Reuben Clough, who lived on the corner of Plum and Fore streets.

2Messrs. Tyng’s and Bradbury’s houses are still standing ; Mr. Bradbury’s was
several times set on fire, but saved by the inhabitants. Mrs. Greele, who kept a
tavern at what is now the corner of Congress and Hampshire streets, saved her
house, which was repeatedly set on fire, by remaining in it at great peril and ex-
tinguishing the fire whenever it caught. Mr. Tyng’s house is said to have been
purposely spared, but I think it may better be said that it was not purposely
destroyed.

 

from “the ships. The confusion in the streets was very great, women and. chil-
dren screaming and endeavoring to escape, children separated from their pa_
rents, and not knowing where to go for safety. Many balls reached beyond
Main street above the head of Park street.

ma
DESTRUCTION OF THE TOWN. 521

the corner of Essex street; every house in India street and
Turkey lane, now Sumner street, and scattered houses in
Franklin and Congress streets, amounting to one hundred and
thirty-six dwelling-houses, beside a handsome new court-house,
the Episcopalian church, the town-house, the custom-house, a
fire engine, nearly new, together with barns and almost every
store and warehouse in town, all the wharves but one or two
short ones, and all the vessels in the harbor but two, which the
enemy took away with them, were burnt.' The meeting-house
of the first parish, which was then unprotected by other build-
ings, was perforated by several bails and grape shot, some of
which were found in the ceiling and other parts when it was
taken down in 1826.2. A cannon ball passed through the house
of Deacon Codman, which stood on the corner of Middle and
Temple streets; the house having a commanding view of the
harbor, was exposed to the fire of the enemy and considerably
shattered, the front fence standing on Middle street was often
set on fire and extinguished by the people ; many others were
injured in a similar manner. A great quantity of personal
property was unavoidably destroyed, from the scarcity of teams
and the confusion and alarm of the occasion. Many articles
were thrown into the streets and there left to perish.? An im-
mense quantity of furniture and other property was piled up
indiscriminately as it was plucked out of the fire, in the field
opposite the head of High street, where much of it was de-

1 The number of buildings, exclusive of dwelling-houses, destroyed, was two
hundred and seventy-eight, (Essex Gazette, October 26,) which with one hundred
and thirty-six houses makes the total number of buildings burnt four hundred
and fourteen.

2 Three persons after dark attempted to set fire to the meeting-house, but were
interrupted and compelled to retreat. The chandelier, formerly in the present
stone church, was suspended from a cannon ball which made a deep wound in
the venerable structure. It still remains in the ceiling.

3Not more than half the movables were saved out of the buildings which
were burnt.—Report of Selectmen. Freeman, vol ii. p. $52. About one hundred
and sixty families were turned out of doors.—Dwight’s Travels, vol. ii. p. 172.
522 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

stroyed by the rain of the next day, and much stolen or irre-
coverably scattered.!

All the compact part of the town was destroyed, containing
a large proportion of the most valuable buildings. One hund-
red dwelling-houses only were left standing, many of which...
were damaged by balls and bursting of bombs. The last house
that was burnt was the Rev. Mr. Smith’s which stood directly
fronting India street; it caught just before dark from Capt.
Sandford’s, which stood on the north-west corner of India street,
and was the only house burnt on that side of Congress street.”

On the 20th of October, Pearson Jones was dispatched to
the headquarters of the army with information of the ca-
lamity, and an express was also forwarded to the continental
Congress. This was received in Philadelphia, November 1,
and Congress ordered a copy to be transmitted “by the dele-
gates to their respective assemblies, conventions, and commit-
tees of safety.”

The situation of the inhabitants after the fire was one of
great suffering and distress; many families who before that
event were in comfortable circumstances, had lost all their
property and were turned houseless, at the commencement of
winter, upon the hand of charity; while on every quarter, pov-
erty and desolation met the unhappy sufferers. On the 26th
of October the town held a meeting and raised a committee to

1'The day the town was destroyed was clear and pleasant; the next morning
it began to rain and continued raining for three days.

2 Fora list of the houses which survived the conflagration, and are now stand-
ing, see Appendix XVII. Capt. Mowatt died suddenly on board of his ship in
Hampton Roads, March, 1797. He commenced service on the American coast
in 1759 and continued through the war of the revolution. He was in Nova
Scotia in 1796, December 16, when the Governor issued to him a press warrant
to supply his ship with men—Hu. vol. i. p. 273. In Rodd’s catalogue of
books published in London in 1843, is this notice. “Mowatt, Capt. Henry, R.N.
Relation of the services in which he was engaged in America from 1759 to the
close of the American war, 1783, fol.” He was with Gov. Pownal in his expedi-
tion to the Penobscot to select a site for the fort, in the spring of 1759.
SUFFERING OF THE PEOPLE. 523

procure subscriptions for the relief of the distressed poor of the
town.' On the 10th of November the provincial Congress, on
the petition of Samuel Freeman, then a member from this town,
granted two hundred and fifty pounds to the sufferers, and
ordered fifteen bushels of corn to be distributed ‘to each family
whose loss deprived them of the means of purchasing any.2 In
1776 one half of the taxes on the town for 1775 were abated,
and in 1779, on the petition of Enoch Freeman and others, a
grant was made of two thousand pounds to purchase bread
and other necessaries of life for the poor of the town, to be dis-
tributed under the direction of the selectmen.*

In August, 1776, a committee was appointed to petition the
continental Congress for some remuneration for the losses sus-
tained by the people in the cause of American liberty; the
petition was presented by Samuel Freeman.‘ The application
was not successful; having been rejected on the ground that
all the towns on the coast being liable to similar visitations, it
would be unsafe to establish a precedent which might embar-
rass the future operations of government. At the same meet-
ing a committee consisting of Joseph Noyes, Enoch Moody,
Daniel Ilsley, and Richard Codman, together with the select-
men of the town, was raised, to adjust and liquidate the ac-

1The committee consisted of B. Titcomb, R. Pagan, R. Codman, William
McLellan, Stephen Waite, Benjamin Winslow, and Nathaniel Carle.

2Letters were sent to the Congress by Enoch Moody, chairman of a commit-
tee, and by Rev. Samuel Deane, which were committed with the petition, and
the following report was made : “Whereas, by the late unparalled inhumanity
of the British forces in burning the greatest part of Falmouth, many of the in-
habitants of that town are reduced to great distress and want, and stand in need
of immediate relief, therefore resolved that there be allowed,” etc. two hundred
and fifty pounds, etc.

3 This apparently large amount was really small, being in paper exceedingly
depreciated. In an appeal from the town “to all friends of humanity in Europe”
in 1783, it is said that ‘not less than one thousand persons, including our wives
and children, were instantly reduced to a state of unspeakable distress.”

4The committee was Theophilus Bradbury, John Waite, and Joseph Noyes.
524 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

counts of the losses sustained by the fire. The committee,
after a careful investigation, ascertained the losses to amount
to fifty-four thousand five hundred and twenty-seven pounds
thirteen shillings! The town did not sit down quietly un-
der these losses; they applied repeatedly to the national Con-
gress, and the State Legislature, and at length sought abroad
for relief which in the embarrassed state of the country they
could not obtain at home. After hostilities were over, they
sent earnest appeals to the people of England, Ireland, and
France, in 1783, and employed the services of Dr. Franklin and
Gov. Pownal to give them effect; but all in vain, we have no
evidence that anything was ever realized from those applica-
tions.2 At length however, in 1791, after having long and in
various ways besieged the hearts of the members of the Gen-
eral Court, they obtained a grant of two townships of land,
each six miles square, situated in the county of Somerset, and
now called Freeman and New Portland.*

The intimation that was given in Mowatt’s letter, that his
orders did not confine him to the destruction of this town alone,
produced great alarm in all the seaports on this coast, and
their inhabitants immediately proceeded to construct such for-

1 This is the amount stated in the petition to Congress; the following is the
language of the committee: ‘‘They take leave further to inform your honors that
an exact estimate has been taken of their loss, which they verily believe is mod-

erate and just, the accounts of individuals having been examined and liquidated
by an impartial committee appointed for that purpose, it amounts to the sum of
fifty-four thousand five hundred and twenty-seven pounds and thirteen shillings.”
Some additions were afterward made; for a statement of the whole, with the
names of the sufferers, see Appendix XVIII. This was “lawful money,” which
had not then begun to depreciate and was equal to two hundred and twenty-nine
thousand six hundred and thirty-nine dollars in silver.

2It may be interesting to preserve the evidence of these facts, I have therefore
placed in Appendix No. XIX. the appeal to the Irish, with a letter from Gov.
Bowdoin and Gov. Pownal.

3 For further particulars relating to these townships, we must refer to Appen-
dix XX,
MEASURES OF DEFENSE. 525

tifications as it was in their power to throw up. Some desert-
ers from the flect had reported that it was the intention of the
British to take possession of the Neck and improve the harbor
for the king’s ships during winter. This information caused
alarm in the surrounding country, and petitions were presented
to the provincial Congress by Jeremiah Powell of North Yar-
mouth, and Isaac Parsons of New Gloucester, referring to this
rumor and requesting protection. The arrival of the ship
Cerberus on the first of November, created new fears, and our
people sent an express to the neighboring towns to summon
volunteers, who arrived in numbers sufficient to protect the
remains of Falmouth. The commander of the ship, John
Symons, sent on shore to forbid the people throwing up any
intrenchments; but they, entirely disregarding his threats, pro-
ceeded with the greatest alacrity to construct breast-works and
batteries on Munjoy’s hill, working all day Sunday to complete
them. All the artillery they had was two six-pounders, which
they fitted in a battery, and with which they made preparations
to attack the Cerberus; but she did not tarry to give them an
opportunity to try their skill.|| Enoch Moody, chairman of the
town committee, wrote to Gen. Washington, under date Novem-
ber 2, 1775, informing him of the arrival of the Cerberus with
four hundred men, and the expectation of the people that he in-
tended to land and take possession of the town. He says, “We
have only two half-barrels of powder in stock and we almost
fear to make an opposition. We are in great want of some
person of a martial spirit to conduct the few tories we already
have.’ Enoch Moody died in February, 1777, an honored
and worthy man. He came from Newbury.

The government, on the representation of the designs of the
enemy, voted that four hundred men should be raised for the

tThe soldiers who crowded into town, took possession of some of the best
houses which remained; Capt. Pride's company occupied Dr. Deane’s, which was

then two stories, and nearly new. The same house modernized is owned by the
heirs of the late Samuel Chadwick, and stands next above the stone church.
526 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

defense of Maine, to be stationed at Falmouth, and that the
militia should be mustered in case of invasion. The troops
arrived the latter part of November; Gen. Joseph Frye, to
whom the command of the station was assigned, came here
November 25.' Many persons who had been driven from town,
returned under protection of the troops, and the few houses
which were standing were over crowded, and could ill accom-
modate the additional number of persons whom the state of
things brought upon the Neck. Mr. Smith, who had retired
to Windham, came to town to preach November 25, but was
obliged to return, not having been able to get lodgings.? In
the latter part of 1775, the distressed situation of the people,
particularly in Maine, was laid before the provincial Congress,
and one thousand two hundred pounds were granted from the
treasury for their relief.

Notwithstanding the narrow circumstances in which the in-
habitants of the Neck were now placed, deprived of their com-
merce, cut short of the ordinary supplies,’ they abated nothing
of the spirit with which they engaged in the great cause of
freedom. In December a committee was chosen to join other
towns in convention, to consider measures for the general
safety of the county of Cumberland and this town in particu-
lar. In February, the town voted to recommend to the com-

'Gen. Frye moved to Fryeburg after the war, and died there in 1794, aged
eighty-three. By his wife, a daughter of Gen. Poor, he had children, Joseph,
Nathaniel, Samuel, and Richard, who lived at Fryeburg and Conway.

? Rev. P. T. Smith of Windham, preached here for his father, December 10th,
1775, from this striking passage, ‘‘When he saw the city, he wept over it.” In
discoursing over the ruins of his native town, we may suppose him to have been
pathetic and interesting.

3 April 14, 1776, Mr. Smith says, ‘No lodging, eating, nor horsekeeping at
Falmouth.”(Neck.)

4 The following letter from James Sullivan, afterward governor of Massachu-
setts, may be interesting; it was addressed to Samuel Freeman at Watertown.
Mr. Sullivan was then commissary of the troops stationed here:

“Fatmoura, 31st January, 1776.
Srr—Since I wrote you last, I received a resolve of court, wherein I find I am
MEASURES OF DEFENSE 527

mittee of safety to encourage the manufacture of saltpeter, in
the same month thirty of our people enlisted in the continental
army. May 21, a committee was chosen to repair the forts on
the Neck,' and on the same day the following vote was passed,
which shows that the people here had made up their minds in
advance on the great question which was agitating the conti-
nent: ‘Voted unanimously as the determination of this town
that if the honorable American Congress should, for the safety
of the united colonies, declare them independent of the king-
dom of Great Britain, the inhabitants of this town, in meeting
now assembled, will solemnly engage with their lives and for-
tunes to support the Congress in the measure.’”?

In June the General Court made provision for stationing a
company of fifty soldiers here, for which they sent ten cannon.

' One was on Munjoy hill, another on the hill in Free street, where Mr. Ander-
son's house stands.

2 The General Assembly, on the 10th of May, passed an order recommending
the several towns in the province to instruct their representatives on the subject
of independence. This early movement anticipated the action of the continen-
tal Congress.

 

directed to assist in raising two hundred and thirty-eight men in the county of
York. I shall obey the orders, and do my best, and make no doubt but the men
_ may be had, which will leave the sea-coast of the county entirely without fire-
arms, for our arms were taken from our people on the last of December, by or-
der of Congress; an enlistment for Cambridge will strip us of men for this winter,
and if our guns are again stopped, we shall be in the spring without fire-arms.
I venture to affirm as a fact, that more than half the men of Biddeford and Pep-
perelborough are now in camp at Cambridge. The four hundred men at Fal-
mouth can never be raised, as every one who can leave home is gone or going
to Cambridge. The officers appointed here have no commissions, nor has Gen.
Frye any orders or instructions. You might have sent the commissions before
now, if you had attended to the safety of your own county; and hope you will
send them by the first conveyance. If the General Court should order another
reinforcement, they must draw upon this part of the province for women instead
of men, and for knives and forks instead of arms, otherwise they cannot be

obeyed.
I am your humble Serv’t. James Suuwivan.”
528 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The company was enlisted in this neighborhood to serve un-
til December, and the command given to Capit. John Preble.'
Capt. Joseph Noyes was appointed to muster the company.
William Frost was commissary of the forces stationed in and
near Falmouth this year, for the defense of the sea-coast. In
November another company of fifty men was stationed at Cape
Elizabeth for the defense of the harbor, and with the one on the
Neck was continued in service until March; at the same time
all the other soldiers here were ordered to be dismissed.? This
year the militia of the county were reorganized, and in De-
cember the General Court appointed the following officers to
the first regiment in Cumberland, viz., Peter Noyes, Colonel,
Nathaniel Jordan, Lt. Colonel, James Merrill, 1st Major, and
James Johnson, 2d Major; these persons all lived in Falmouth;
in the same month every fourth man of the militia was ordered
to be drafted to supply the army.

After 1775 the town was not again visited by the enemy,
and the harbor became a resort for privateers. A number in
the course of the war were built and fitted out here by mer-
chants residing in other places, particularly in Salem? Our
own people made a humble attempt in 1776, to make reprisals
upon the enemy; in the summer of that year a number of per-
sons united and fitted out a sloop called the Retrieve, asa

1 Capt. Preble was the second son of Gen. Preble, he had served at Penobscot,
and was an Indian interpreter. He was appointed truckmaster at Fort Pownal,
1770, and continued there until 1775.

2In July, 1776, the General Court ordered a levy of every twenty-fifth man to
fill up the army.— Braz, vol. ii. p. 174. Falmouth was exempted from this draft;
thirty-nine were levied in the county.

3 John Archer, who had been a merchant in this town before the war, and
moved to Salem, was largely concerned in these private expeditions ; he had
several privateers, some of which he fitted out here; he was successful. He re-
turned to this place after the war and built a house in Fore street, west of Union
street. He became intemperate, and sunk from the condition of a respectable
merchant to be a common lumper. The elder Woodbury Storer was his clerk
before the war.
PRIVATEERING. 529

privateer: she mounted ten guns, and was commanded by
Capt Joshua Stone of this town. She was not successful, and
was soon taken and carried into Halifax.! The next enterprise
of the kind undertaken by our inhabitants, was fitting out the
ship Fox by John Fox, Deacon Titcomb, and others; she was
poorly provided with the material of war; she had but four
iron guns and no swords; they substituted scythes fitted into
suitable handles for boarding pikes. When out but eight
days they fell in with a letter of marque of eighteen guns, a
fine ship, with a valuable cargo, which they surprised and cap-
tured and carried into Boston. This rich prize furnished them
with all the arms and equipments necessary for a privateer,
and remunerated the owners amply for their expenditure. She
made several cruises during the war, but never with a success
at all comparable with the first. In her subsequent cruises
she was commanded by Capt. Stone. In 1778 the brig Union
was fitted out here, mounting twelve guns, six of which were
of wood: nothing brilliant or profitable attended her career.
In April, 1777, a company of eighty men was stationed on
the Neck, the command of which was given to Abner Lowell,
and another of forty men at Cape Elizabeth.2 The whole ef-
fective population of Falmouth at the commencement of this
year, was but about seven hundred and ten men; upon which

1 Capt. Arthur McLellan was an officer on board of her; after her capture,
Capt. McLellan sailed trom Salem as prize master on board a well appointed
private armed ship of twenty-two guns. They captured two rich brigs at once,
by running between them and firing a broadside into each ; one mounted sixteen
guns.

2 She was pierced for twenty guns.

3 The pay of these troops was for a captain, six pounds per month ; 1st lieut.
four pounds; sergeants and gunners, two pounds and eight shillings; privates,
two pounds. In January a requisition was made on Massachusetts for five thou-
sand blankets; the proportion of this county was one hundred and twenty-three,
of which Falmouth’s share was twenty-five, Cape Elizabeth, thirteen. Paper
money had begun to depreciate, so that in April one hundred pounds in coin
was worth one hundred and twelve pounds in paper.
530 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

drafts were continually made for the army.'' In June an ex-

pedition was planned against Nova Scotia to prevent the dep-
redations of the enemy from that quarter; Col. John Waite of
this town was appointed muster-master. But after considera-
ble progress was made in raising men, it was abandoned as
too burdensome for the finances of the country. The news
of the capture of Burgoyne, which took place in October, was
received here with the same extravagant joy that it met in
every other part of the country. Mr. Smith says, our people
are mad in their rejoicing. It is not to be wondered at, that
in that dark day of our prospects, so brilliant a victory should
have produced the most sincere and heart-felt joy; it was a
bright harbinger of future success, and inspired the public
mind with confidence. In this celebration, Benjamin Tukey,
son of John Tukey, a young married man aged twenty-eight,
was killed by the premature discharge of a gun.

1778.] This town was not wanting in spirit on any occasion,
notwithstanding its impoverished means. So signally did they
display their self-devotion that they received the special com-
mendation of the General Court. In the resolve for raising
two thousand men in April, 1778, the government mentioned
the conduct of Falmouth “as highly commendable, manly, and
patriotic in their glorious exertions to raise volunteers to rein-
force the continental army.”’ In April the town raised a com-
pany of fifty volunteers for Gen. Washington’s army, to each
soldier of which they paid a bounty of sixty pounds, provided
he furnished himself with equipments and served in the army
till the last of November. In December the town generously

LBy order of the General Court a return was made in January, 1777, of the
males of sixteen years and upward, in each town in the county, as follows:
Falmouth, seven hundred and eighty-six, including sixty-four Quakers, twelve
negroes, and one mulatto; Brunswick, one hundred and ninety-eight, including
four belonging to Falmouth; Scarborough, four hundred and seventy-one, includ-
ing six from Falmouth; North Yarmouth, four hundred and four, including
two from Falmouth; Harpswell, one hundred and eighty-nine, including one
from Falmouth; Cape Elizabeth, three hundred and fifty —Gcneral Court Files.
SPIRIT OF THE PEOPLE. 5381

voted to indemnify those persons who had or would supply the
families of those soldiers who were engaged in the army ;
many persons came forward, and furnished the supplies. The
General Court had recommended a measure of this kind to
encourage enlistments. In the course of the summer the
small pox broke out here; five young men were innoculated
and got well; a pest-house was built the same month and
forty-one persons entered it for the first class; the disorder
was of a mild character. In the course of the year 1778, the
French openly espoused our cause and rendered very effectual
assistance to our arms. War was declared against her by
England, which was carried on by both parties on this conti-
nent and in our seas; the result of the campaign was on the
whole successful to the American cause.

1779.] The war had been carried on thus far at great sacri-
fices and sufferings on the part of the colonies; it had been
sustained by issues of paper money which had enormously de-
preciated.' Many people who were needed to cultivate the

1The whole amount of continental money issued from June 22, 1775, to No-
vember, 1779, was two hundred and forty-one millions five hundred and fifty-two
thousand seven hundred and eighty dollars. The depreciation was rapid; by an
Act of the General Court, the rate of depreciation on all contracts was as fol-
lows: forevery one hundred dollars in gold or silver, in January, 1777, one hund-
red and five dollars in paper of the United States was to be received; in July
one hundred and twenty-five dollars in paper; in October, two hundred and
seventy-five dollars; 1778, January, three hundred and twenty-five dollars ;
April, four hundred dollars; July, four hundred and twenty-five dollars; Octo-
ber, five hundred dollars; 1779, January, seven hundred and forty-five dollars ;
April, eleven hundred and four dollars; July, fourteen hundred and seventy-
seven dollars; October, two thousand and thirty dollars; 1780, Jannary, two
thousand nine hundred and thirty-four dollars; April, four thousand dollars ;
from April 1, to the 20th, 1780, one Spanish dollar was equal to forty dollars in
paper of the old emission; May 25, it was equal to sixty dollars; the paper de-
preciated gradually until February 27, 1781, when one Spanish dollar was worth
seventy-five dollars in paper. At that time a new emission was made of paper
which was a little short of two dollars for one dollar of silver. This however
continually depreciated until October 1, 1781, it stood at four dollars to one dol-

lar,
at

§32 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

soil, had been drawn off to supply the waste of war, while the
consumption of provisions had vastly increased. In addition
to these unfavorable circumstances, the season of 1778 had been
peculiarly unfortunate, one-half of the crops having been cut
off by the severity of the drought. In the early part of this
year provisions were extremely scarce and high; in January,
Mr. Smith observes, “‘it is wonderful how the people live here
on the Neck for want of bread, there being little to be bought,
and that so monstrous dear;” and in April he says, ‘a griev-

 

The following were the prices of articles in Falmouth in 1779, which may be
graduated by the foregoing scale ; January, wood, twenty dollars a cord; April,
Indian meal, thirty dollars a bushel; May, corn, thirty-five dollars a bushel, and
coffee, three dollars a pound; June, molasses, sixteen dollars a gallon; coffee,
four dollars a pound, and sugar, three dollars. June 10, Mr. Smith says, “a
man asked seventy-four dollars for a bushel of wheat meal.” By the scale in
June; one hundred silver dollars were worth one thousand three hundred and
forty-two in paper, so that the molasses was about one dollar and twenty cents
a gallon, in silver, coffee about thirty cents, and sugar about twenty-three cents,
and the flour about five dollars and seventy-five cents a bushel. In November,
1788, Mr. Smith says, “Common laborers have four dollars a day, while minis-
ters have but a dollar, and washer-women as much. It is a melancholy time on
many accounts. Lawful money is worth no more than old tenor; creditors don’t
receive an eighth part of their old debts nor ministers of their salary.” In 1780,
by a Resolve of Congress, a large amount of depreciated paper was taken out of
circulation and a new emission of bills was made by the State of far less amount
and to be considered equal to specie. This passed for a short time at par, but
soon followed the fate of its predecessors, a natural consequence of the heavy
debt and a want of confidence in the ability of government.

In January, 1777, such an amount of paper money had been issued and coin
consequently had become so scarce, that prices began to feel the effects of the
change. In a vain effort to remedy this evil, Massachusetts undertook to regu-
late prices, and passed a law, by which they prohibited articles being sold higher
than the statute regulation. The prices affixed were as follows, viz: Wheat,
seven shillings and six pence a bushel; rye, five shillings; Indian meal and corn,
four shillings; beef, three pence a pound; W. I. rum seven shillings and eight
pence agallon; N. E. rum, four shillings and six pence a gallon; Muscovado su-
gar, eight pence a pound by the one hundred weight; Molasses, four shillings a
gallon; potato2s3, two shillings a bushel; oats, tw» shillings a bushel; coff22, one
shilling and four pence a pound,
BAGADUCE EXPEDITION. 5383

ous cry for bread.’”’ This combination of evils called upon the
people for exercise of their utmost patience and fortitude. The
government did all they could to'relieve the scarcity, they vot-
ed two hundred thousand pounds, and appointed a committee
to procure flour and grain from the south. Fortunately the
season of 1779 was wonderfully forward and productive, and
saved the country from the horrors of a famine. Mr. Smith
remarks at different periods of its progress, “never was the
corn so forward,” ‘‘a wonder of a potatoe year, so many, so
large and so good,” and at the close, October 24, he exclaims,
“never such a fine season.”’

Tn the midst of this summer, the arrival of an English fleet
in Penobscot bay, and the capture of Bagaduce Point, upon
which Castine is situated, in June, produced a strong sensation
throughout the States. The united feeling of government and
people was to drive the enemy from the soil and preserve the
integrity of our territory. The government immediately organ-
ized a force to consist of fifteen hundred men, wholly from Mas-
sachusetts ; and a fleet consisting of nineteen armed vessels, and
twenty-four transports, was put in requisition for the occasion.
The fleet was commanded by Commodore Saltonstall, and the
land forces by Gen. Solomon Lovell; Gen. Peleg Wadsworth,
at that time Adjutant General of the militia of Massachusetts,
being the second in command. One regiment under the com-
mand of Col. Mitchell of North Yarmouth, was raised in this
neighborhood, to which Falmouth and Cape Elizabeth contrib-
uted two companies; Capt. Joseph McLellan of this town
was commissary of supplies. The expedition was popular, and
the people engaged with alacrity and zeal in it; the company
which was formed on the Neck consisted of volunteers from
the families of the most respectable inhabitants.'. Our soldiers

‘Peter Warren was captain, Daniel Mussey, lieutenant, John Dole, first ser-
geant, Richard Codman, Daniel Cobb, William Moody, Stephen Tukey, Huga
McLellan, Micah Sampson, and Zachariah Baker were privates.
534 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

sailed on the 18th of July in a transport sloop from this town,
commanded by Capt. William McLellan, for Townsend, now
Boothbay, the place of rendezvous, where they remained a few
days for the other forces. But notwithstanding the spirit with
which the people engaged in this enterprise, and the ardent
hopes entertained of its success, the result was very disastrous.
The expedition was hastily got up and measures were concerted
without sufficient prudence and caution. To increase the diffi-
culties, on the arrival of the forces in the Penobscot, the com-
manders of the fleet and army disagreed in their plan of attack.
It was, however, determined to make an assault upon the
garrison and take it if possible by storm; for this purpose the
troops were landed on the north side of the promontory at
sunrise, where they climbed a precipitous bluff amidst a heavy
fire from the enemy’s battery on the hight. Capt. Warren’s
company from this town was the first that ascended the cliff and
formed, when the enemy fled to their intrenchments.'! They
were closely pursued through a wood which covered this part
of the hill; our troops were eager to follow them to their in-
trenchments, but were ordered by the general to stop, and
were moved back to the edge of the wood, where they threw
up breastworks and made preparation for a regular siege. It
was believed that had our soldiers not been checked in their
first onset, they would have been able from their superior
force to have entered and dislodged the enemy from their
unfinished works; such is believed to have been the opinion of
General Wadsworth, whose conduct in the whole course of the
expedition merited unqualified approbation; he was in the
midst of every danger and suffering; and our soldiers said if
the chief command had been intrusted to him, success would
have crowned our arms. Nothing of consequence toward re-
ducing the place was accomplished after the first day; the
enemy labored assiduously to strengthen their fortifications,
and at the end of a fortnight, on the approach of a large rein-

'Tn this assault about sixty of onr troops were killed.
ALARM OF THE TOWN—PRIZES. 535

forcement to the British, our army hastily abandoned their
lines in the night and embarked with their cannon and stores
on board the transports, which immediately commenced mov-
ing up the Penobscot river. The British pursued and the
whole fleet was abandoned and burnt, some by our own men
and others by the enemy. Gen. Wadsworth conducted the
retreat with great skill, and labored incessantly to keep his
little army together after the disgraceful result.! Our troops
returned in scattered parties, making their best way home,
deeply mortified and disappointed. It was, as Mr. Smith ob-
serves, ‘a sad affair,’ and while it weakened the resources of
the State, it had adisheartening tendency, casting a gloom
upon our prospects and a deep stain upon the military reputa-
tion of Massachusetts.

On the 3d of September, our town was thrown into great
confusion, by the appearance in the offing of three ships of
war; the inhabitants were fearful that the British were about
to return the visit made to them at Bagaduce. Col. Henry
Jackson’s regiment was here at the time, having proceeded thus
far toward reinforcing the army at Penobscot, when news
of the termination of that ill-fated undertaking arrested their
progress; part of Col. Mitchell’s regiment was also here, so
that the town was filled with troops.2. The batteries were im-
mediately and strongly manned, and every preparation made
for defense. Three batteries were constructed on the occasion,
one on the hill in Free street, another and the principal one
at the foot of India street, where Fort Loyal stood, and a third

! Further particulars of this expedition may be found in Williamson’s History
of Maine, vol. ii. p. 468. Wheeler Riggs, a carpenter, was the only person from
this town who was killed; a ball from the enemy’s battery struck a tree, and
glancing, fell on his back; he was engage in building a battery. He was son
of Jeremiah Riggs, was married to Mary Cobb in 1742, and lived in Plum street ;
his children were Josiah, Joseph, Daniel, Mary, Wheeler, and Abigail.

2 Colf, Jackson’s regiment sailed for Boston, September 7, and Col. Mitchell’s
was discharged September 25.
536 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

on the brow of Munjoy’s hill. In the fortification at the foot
of India street, were placed one eighteen-pounder and three or
four twelve-pounders. The fears of the people were soon dis-
sipated by the arrival of the American frigates, Boston and
Deane, with a large prize ship; the next day another prize
arrived; both of them men of war. The Deane, of thirty-
two guns, was commanded by Commodore Nicholson, the Bos-
ton, twenty-four guns, by Commodore Tucker. In August
they captured the Sandwich, a packet of sixteen guns, two pri-
vateers, and two letters of marque, the Glencairn of twenty
guns, and Thorn of eighteen guns. Which two of these valu-
able prizes came into our harbor we have no means of knowing.

1780.] The British now feeling secure in their position on
the Penobscot, began to commit depredations upon the inhabi-
tants on both sides of the bay. To counteract this state of
things, the General Court ordered a regular force of seven hund-
red and fifty men, under the command of Gen. Wadsworth,
to be stationed on the western side of the bay for the pro-
tection of the inhabitants. Two companies were also ordered
to Machias. These troops were raised in Maine, but not re-
pairing. to the place of rendezvous by the time appointed,
Gen. Wadsworth came here from Camden to hasten the levy.
He wrote to Brig. Gen. Frost, of York county, April 27, urg-
ing him “in the name of public virtue” to send forward his
detachment without further delay. This letter had the desired
effect of hastening on the troops; of the regiment of six hun-
dred men, three hundred were stationed in Falmouth, two
hundred were sent to Camden, and one hundred to Machias.
The forts here were put in order, and preparations made for
an effectual resistance. There were frequent alarms! from the

'Mr. Smith says, under March 1, 1781, ‘We are in a woful toss by news from
Capt. M’Cobb of a scheme of an attack from Bagaduce. Two men that were in it
say that a number of tories were to disable our cannon and secure our magazine,
while the vessels made the attack ;” and September 1, ‘we have news of the
arrival of five ships and five brigs at Bagaduce that much disquiets us.”
GEN. WADSWORTH. 537

Penobscot during the remainder of the war, which often called
out the troops, but nothing was seriously attempted, if any
thing was ever designed from that quarter. Nothing of im-
portance took place on the Penobscot during the year 1780,
and in the winter all the troops returned but a small guard,
which remained at Gen. Wadsworth’s headquarters at Thom-
aston. The British hearing by a spy, the situation of the
general, sent a party of twenty-five men in February, 1781,
to surprise him. They were guided to his quarters at night by
an abandoned traitor, and secured an entrance to the house
before they were discovered. As soon as the alarm was given,
the general, who was in bed seized his blunderbluss and two
pistols which he kept loaded by him, and defended himself reso-
lutely in his chamber until he was disabled by a wound in
his arm, when he surrendered and was taken to Bagaduce.
His wife and two children, with a female friend, who formed
his family, were left behind. The general was kept a close
prisoner until he and Major Burton, another prisoner, ingen-
iously effected their escape in June following and returned to
this place.!

1 Peleg Wadsworth was born in Duxbury, Massachusetts, April 25, 1748. He
was a descendant in the fourth degree from Christopher Wadsworth of Dux-
bury, who died about 1677. His father was Deacon Peleg, who was the son of
Deacon John, the son of Christopher. The family is supposed to have come
from Yorkshire where the name still exists; its coat of arms being three French
lilies stalked and slipped, crest on a globe of the world, winged proper, an eagle
rising. He graduated at Harvard College in 1769, having among his classmates
Chief Justice Parsons, William Tudor, and his lifelong friend, Alexander Scam-
mell, for whom he named his distinguished son, Commodore Alexander Scammell
Wadsworth of the navy, and from whom, also the fort on House Island, at the
month of our harbor, was named. After leaving college he and his friend Scam-
mell taught schoul in Plymouth, and the worthy Judge John Davis was their
pupil. Prof. Francis in his life of Judge Davis, says, ‘they were the most ac-
complished and efficient teachers of their time.” They both became distin-
guished officers in the army of the revolution ; Scammell commanded a regiment
atthe battle of Saratoga in 1777; in 1789 he was Adjutant General of the army,
At the siege of Yorktown, September 30, 1781, he was taken prisoner, inhu-

e
538 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

This town, notwithstanding its serious loss at the commence-
ment of hostilities, contributed its full proportion of men and

 

manly wounded, and died in consequence, October 6, 1781. He was deservedly
a very popular officer and man. Gen. Wadsworth joined the army at Roxbury
in 1775, as captain of a company of minute-men, and by his courage and skill
rose rapidly in the service. In 1779 he was second in command in the unfortu-
nate expedition to the Penobscot, which, it is said, would have resulted differ-
‘ently, had the charge been committed to him. The next year, he was appointed
to the command of the coast of Maine, had his headquarters at Camden, where,
being left in winter with only a small guard, he was surprised at midnight, and
taken prisoner to Castine. After a confinement of four months, he effected his
escape in June of 1781. In 1784 he established himself in Portland and the
next year began tu build the first brick house ever constructed in the town; it
was two stories high, and was two years in building. It is still standing next
above the Preble House, a third story having been added by Mr. Longfellow
who married a daughter of the General. General Wadsworth wasa very active
and useful citizen of the town;.he was a skillful surveyor and engincer, and
several plans exist of private and public works, drawn by him. He took a deep
interest in the welfare of the piace and of the district. He was elected chairman
of the first convention held in Maine, at Portland, October, 1785, on the subject
of separation from Mass. He was afterward chosen a delegate tu another and
subsequent convention in the two following years in conjunction with Samuel
Freeman, Daniel Davis, and others. In 1792 he was elected to the Senate of
Massachusetts, and the same year, a representative in Congress, being the first
from Cumberland district. He was successfully chosen to this hoporable po-
sition, one of three assigned to Maine, until 1806, when he declined a re-election,
In 1798 the citizens of Portland gave him a public dinner in approbation of his
official conduct. In 1807 he transferred his residence to Hiram, in the county
of Oxford, to occupy and improve a large tract of land granted to him by gov-
ernment for his services, where he died in 1829 at the age of eighty-one years.

In 1774 he married Elizabeth Bartlett of Plymouth, a woman of fine man-
ners, dignity of deportment, and energy of character, by whom he had ten
children, viz., Charles Lee, Elizabeth, Zilpah, married to Stephen Longfellow,
John, Lucia, George, Henry, who perished before Tripoli, a voluntary sacrifice
for his country, Alexander S., a distinguished officer in the navy, Samuel and
Peleg.

Lucia, Samuel, and Peleg only survive; the youngest seventy-one years old.
Mrs. Longfellow died March 12, 1851, aged seventy-three. She was born in
Duxbury, January, 1778. She left. a large family which will be noticed when
speaking of her distinguished husband. Commodore Alexander died in Wash-

ton, April 5, 1851. Charles Lee, the eldest son, died September 19, 1848, aged
seventy-two.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF FALMOUTH TO THE WAR. 539

supplies to support the war, and it is believed more than any
other town in Maine. In 1780 its proportion of beef for the
army was twelve thousand three hundred and sixty pounds,
and in 1781, nine thousand seven hundred and ninety-six
pounds, and the same year it was required to furnish forty-one
shirts, as many pair of shoes and stockings, and one hund-
red and thirteen blankets.'- They also raised a committee
of nine in that year to procure thirty men to serve during the
war, and voted to each man who would enlist twenty dollars
in silver, bounty, and ten dollars a month, pay. It may safely
be affirmed that no town in the State suffered more or contrib-
uted more in proportion to its means than did Falmouth. In
reading the brief summary we have given of the great struggle
for independence in this country, one cannot fail to be im-
pressed with the similarity of many of the proceedings of that
day with those which the great rebellion is now causing; the
efforts to raise men and supplies, the anxieties, the sacrifices
and sufferings, are of like kind, but how inferior in magnitude,
and yet how fraught with glorious compensations. May the
vast efforts and the magnanimous contributions of the supplies,
which constitute the sinews of war, and the unexampled volun-
tary aids to alleviate its miseries, be speedily and triumph-
antly crowned by a re-establishment of a united country,
strengthened by the raging of the mighty tempest and elevated
to a far higher place of national honor, influence, and renown.

In another respect our town furnishes an analogy to some
scenes of the present day. Our venerable minister, Smith,
had a slave named Romeo, and in this pressing call for sol-
diers, he had him enlisted in the army for three years, giving
him his liberty in consideration of receiving half his wages,

1 In 1781 the quantity of beef furnished by Massachusetts was one million
nine hundred thousind four hundred and eighty-seven pounds, of which the
proportion for the county of Cumberland was fifty-three thousand eight hund-
red and nine pounds; North Yarmouth, nine thousand and ten pounds; Cape
Elizabeth, five thousand six hundred and eleven pounds.
540 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ten shillings a month. The document thus closes, I “liberate °°

and give up all right, claim, and title to him and his service,
and to all intents and purposes to be his own or a Free man”
dated May 8, 1781.

After the attack upon New London and Groton by Arnold
in September of this year, some uneasiness was felt lest he
should extend his visit to this place ; but all fears were soon
turned to the brightest hopes by the arrival of a large French
fleet in the Chesapeake, which gave a preponderating influence
to our arms. Public expectation centered on the movements
in Virginia, and every rumor from that quarter was eagerly
caught. On the 4th of October, news was brought to town by
hand-bills struck off in Boston, of the surrender of Cornwallis,
fifteen days before that auspicious event took place, which oc-
casioned great rejoicing. On the 27th of the same month an
express arrived with the joyful and veritable tidings of the
great victory at Yorktown, which elevated the spirits of the
people, and scattered all the shadows which the correction of
the late premature information had cast upon them. On the
next day, which was Sunday, our ministers improved the occa-
sion by suitable discourses, and on Monday the day was spent
in public rejoicing.

Having hastily run through the principal military events of
the war in which our town was interested, we will briefly notice
the course it pursued in relation to civil affairs. After the
House of Representatives resolved themselves into a provincial
Congress, its recommendations received the implicit obedience
of the people devoted to the cause of liberty. This assembly
soon afterward, in pursuance of the recommendation of the
continental Congress, to bring itself as near to the old form of
government as circumstances would admit, elected a council
consisting of twenty-eight persons, who in the vacancy of the
office of governor exercised the duties of that office.! After

‘Before this, the committee of safety discharged the principal executive duties.
CIVIL AFFAIRS OF THE PROVINCE. 541

the declaration of Independence, it became a question what
form of government Massachusetts should establish, and in
September, 1776, the House recommended to their constitu-
ents to choose their representatives to the next General Court
with power to adopt a form of government for the State.

In pursuance of this recommendation, this town on the 14th
of October following, voted “that their representatives in the
House and Council might join in forming a constitution for the
province, as in their wisdom they may judge most for the
safety, peace, and happiness of the State, and use their endeav-
ors that the government shall consist of two branches, a
Council and House of Representatives.” But before the fol-
lowing May, public sentiment underwent a change on the
subject, and the town adopted a resolution that it was bet-
ter to delay the forming ofa constitution on account of the
war and the absence of many people ; they however empowered
their representatives to join in the deliberations if it was found
that a majority of the towns were in favor of the measure.!
Boston and several other towns had expressed their disappro-
bation of the forming of a constitution by the General Court
at this time, although the representatives had generally been
elected with that view. The two houses, however, in June,
1777, formed themselves into a convention and raised a com-
mittee of twelve to prepare a constitution. This committee
reported a form of government in December, which received
the approbation of the General Court in March following, and
was submitted to the people for their ratification. The con-
stitution was rejected by a large majority ; the vote in this town
was taken May 19, 1778, and was unanimous against it, the
whole number of votes being sixty-eight.°

} The representatives in 1776 were Jedediah Preble, Joseph Noyes, Samuel
Freeman, and John Waite. In 1777, Jedediah Preble and Joseph Noyes.

2The votes of the State which were returned, were two thousand for and ten
thousand against the constitution reported ; one hundred and twenty towns made
no return. For the features of this instrament, Bradford’s History of Massa-
chusetts may be consulted. Vol. ii. p. 158.
542 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In January, 1778, the town expressed its opinion in favor
of a confederation of the colonies as recommended by Congress,
and that it ought to be immediately adopted; they however
submitted the subject to their representatives in the General
Court, Samuel Freeman and Joseph Noyes, without giving
them positive instructions, declaring that they were not ac-
quainted with the arguments against it.

When the constitution was rejected, a sentiment generally
prevailed that a convention should be called, for the express
purpose of preparing a form of government. To meet the
prevailing opinion, and seeing the necessity of a regularly or-
ganized government, the General Court in February, 1779,
submitted the subject again to the people in their primary as-
semblies. The recommendation was accompanied by a propo-
sition, that if a majority of votes was in the affirmative, the

convention should meet at Cambridge in September. The

votes in this town given in May, were adverse to the measure,
being ten for and thirty-three against it. It was thought that
this was not a proper time to act upon so important a subject,
on account of the absence of many people, and that the con-
fusion, excitement, and distress of war were not favorable to
that calm deliberation which the importance of the subject re-
quired. The majority of the people of the State, however,
having entertained a different opinion, the town in August
chose John Waite their delegate to the convention.

The convention met in Boston, in September, when a large
committee was chosen to report a draft of a constitution ; after
a short session they adjourned to meet again in January, at
which time they agreed upon a form of government, which was
published and distributed to the several towns in March. On
the 22d of May, 1780, the consideration of its adoption came
before this town, and a committee of seven was appointed to
examine the instrument and report whether any amendments
were necessary ; they were specially instructed to report on the
STATE CONSTITUTION FORMED. 543

objections to the third article of the bill of rights.!_ This article
related to the support of public worship, and made it obligatory
on towns to furnish suitable provision for the support of prot-
estant teachers of religion. Objections were made in many
towns, and Boston particularly, to the exercise of any compul-
sion on the subject, lest the liberty of conscience should be
infringed ; it was also discussed largely in the newspapers.
The committee of this town reported unanimously that the third
article ought to be rejected, they thought there ought to be no
restrictions whatever on the subject of religion. The constitu-
tion was, notwithstanding, approved, the vote in this town on
the third, the most objectionable article, being forty-nine for and
thirty-four against it. Gen. Preble was chosen to meet the
convention on the first Wednesday in June. The constitution
was adopted by the people by a majority of more than two-
_ thirds of the votes, and the first election under it took place Sep-
tember 4th, 1780. The votes in this town for Governor, were
for Hancock forty-six, Bowdoin three ; for Lt. Governor, James
Warren forty-four, Bowdoin three, Artemas Ward four, Han-
cock one. The senatorial votes were for Gen. Preble thirty-five,
John Waite four, and David Mitchell three; John Hancock
was elected Governor, of Lt. Governor there was no choice by
the people; Gen. Preble was chosen senator for the county.
In consequence of the depreciation of paper in 1777, great
injustice was done to those who were in the service of govern-
ment, which led to much suffering and complaint, especially
among the soldiers and their families. This evil was increased
by the conduct of some persons, who, regardless of what they
owed their country, endeavored to convert the hardship of the
times into a source of profit to themselves. To prevent this
spirit of monopoly and extortion, the patriotic men of that day
labored zealously. In the spring of 1777, a convention met at

1 The committee consisted of John Waite, John Burnham, James Frost, Joseph
McLellan, William Crocker, George Warren, aud John Thrasher.
544 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Springfield, composed of delegates ‘from New York and the
several colonies of New England, which recommended that
certain prices should be fixed upon articles of food and clothing
furnished to the families of those who were in the public ser-
vice. Upon this recommendation, an act was passed by the
General Court which checked in a measure and for a time the
evil.! But the law could not remove the original cause of the
distress, and cupidity and speculation found means to evade it ;
the war suspended importations and devoured the diminished
products of the field.2 In June the town applied for assistance
to the government for the poor, and two hundred bushels of
Indian corn were ordered to be delivered to the overseers, ‘‘they
paying its value.” The season of 1777 was very productive in
this region and afforded a temporary relief ;? but a year of
famine followed, and there was a lamentable deficiency not
only here, but throughout the country, of the necessary arti-
cles of subsistence. But here the evil was increased by a fail-
ure of the usual sources of employment, by which the means
whereby our people lived, were taken away. This state of
things raised up an unworthy class of men to speculate upon
the miseries of their fellow citizens. Against this class of peo-
ple complaints were loud and general, and at length attracted
the attention of the continental Congress, which endeavored to

1TIn pursuance of this act, the selectmen and a committee of Falmouth es-
tablished prices upon the principal articles of merchandise, some of which were
as follows: salt pork ninety-six shillings for a barrel of two hundred and twenty
pounds; by retail, best pieces eight pence. Good beef seventy-two shillings for
a barrel of two hundred and twenty pounds. Good cotton wool from the West
Indies three shillings a pound by the bag, at retail, three shillings eight pence.
In June a committee of nine was chosen in Falmouth to prosecute for breach of
the act.

2 April, 1777, Mr. Smith says, ‘distressing time for provisions,” and August,
“provisions awfully scarce and dear; we live from hand to mouth.”

31777, July 29, a marvellous fruitful season as to every thing. August 18,
never was there such gardens, never such fields, never such pastures, never such
a year for every thing. September 2, the earth is burdened with its fruits.—
Smith's Journal.
SPECULATORS CONDEMNED—PRICES REGULATED. 545

provide a remedy. In pursuance of their recommendation, a
convention of delegates for the northern district of the United
Colonies was held at New Haven early in 1779, who formed a
plan for regulating prices on all the articles of living, and pre-
venting extortion. This was approved by the General Court
of Massachusetts, and a law passed on the subject.

The depreciation of money however, which was one cause of
the evils lamented, went ou, and in the circumstances of the
country could not be prevented; there was nothing but paper
in circulation, which from its continually sinking in value,
people were unwilling to take in payment for their commodities.
Still it was believed that positive enactment could do some-
thing to alleviate the prevailing suffering, and a convention
was held at Concord in July, 1779, generally attended by
delegates from the towns in Massachusetts, which fixed certain
prices on all the products and business of the country, and rec-
ommended a general effort to prevent a greater depreciation
of public paper.

In August a meeting was held in this town, which adopted
the proceedings of the convention at Concord, and appointed a
committee to establish a table of prices applicable to every
branch of industry and to all commodities. A vote was also
passed that if any person refused to receive the current money
for any article he had to sell, he should be viewed as a violator
of the resolutions and treated as such. A committee was also
chosen to meet delegates from other towns to produce union
and energy of action on this subject."

1 The following extract from our town records will show how minute this
scheme was: for innholders the prices fixed were, for toddy made of West India
rum eighteen shillings per mug, do. of New England rum twelve shillings, din-
ners twenty shillings, suppers fifteen shillings. For laborers per day, viz., car-
penters four shillings and find themselves, masons four shillings, common labor-
ers three shillings. Merchantable boards a M. twenty-two pounds ten shillings,
clear boards thirty pounds, clapboards thirty-six pounds per thousand, sheep’s
wool twenty-five shillings a pound, men’s yarn stockings three pounds, best
English hay thirty pounds a tun, milk two shillings six pence a quart, beaver
546 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Another convention was held at Concord on the same sub-
ject, October 6, 1779, whose recommendations received the
sanction of the town, and the like proceedings were had as in
the former case. But they were alike ineffectual, except to
give a very brief check to a prevailing and an unavoidable evil.
So also was the law of 1780 making the bills of the new emis-
sion a tender in payment of all debts, and was therefore soon
after repealed. A material change was not produced until
1781, when a bright glow was thrown over our military and
financial operations by effective aid from the French in men
and money, which brought large supplies of specie into the
country and crowned our arms with brilliant success at sea and
on land. Most of the old paper had been taken up by govern-
ment and its place supplied by a new emission, which sus-
tained its value more firmly than the former issue. In August,
1781, Mr. Smith remarks, “there is only hard money passing,”
but he adds, “and little of that; it however was a certain
standard of value and gave steadiness to prices; paper cur-
rency had sunk almost out of sight. Wood at that time he
quotes at two dollars a cord.

The war was now drawing to a close, but still the burdens
were severe and heavy, and probably pressed more heavily in
consequence of the less need there seemed to be of continued
exertion. Although hostilities actually ceased in America,
after the surrender of Cornwallis, yet the indications from Eng-
land continued to be of a hostile character and to threaten a
further and more vigorous prosecution of the war, until public
opinion produced a change of administration in the spring of

 

hats thirty-five pounds apiece,* peas and beans six pounds a bushel. (Fora
scale of depreciation see note page 531.) The average price of beef in paper
for 1777 was seven pence a pound and of corn eight shillings a bushel; in 1779
the average had risen by the depreciation to six shillings a pound for beef, and
five pounds twelve shillings a bushel for corn.

* Under March 24, 1780, Mr. Smith says, “Young Mussey asks five hundred i.e. above eleven
hundred pounds for a bat. Laborers thirty a day ”
PEACE—THE FISHERIES. 547

1782. From that time varying prospects of rest and the un-
steady progress of the negotiations kept up a feverish excite-
ment in the public mind, until the acknowledgment of our
independence and the final ratification cast their broad and
bright beams over our wearied and distressed country,

One subject of deep interest relating to the negotiations of
peace engaged the minds of the people of Massachusetts, this
was the protection of the fisheries, which had contributed
largely to the prosperity of our State; and notwithstanding
Congress had given general instructions to their ambassadors,
the anxicty of our people lest this important interest should be
overlooked or not receive its due regard, induced them to act
specially on the subject. With a view to bring it fully before
the government, a meeting was held by the inhabitants of Boston
on the occasion, and circulars were transmitted to other towns
to insure a united expression to the General Court regarding
this valuable branch of their industry. A meeting was held in
this town January 7, 1782, at which the following resolutions
were passed: “‘ Voted, in answer to a letter from Boston, that
this town fully approve and still adhere to the original princi-
ple upon which the United States first had recourse to arms.
Voted, that those principles as understood by this town were
the security of our just and natural rights. Voted, that one of
those rights, and that an important one, is the privilege of the
fishery. Voted, unanimously, that Stephen Hall, our repre-
sentative to the General Court, be directed and he hereby is
directed to use his utmost endeavors at the approaching ses-
sion of said court, that an application be made from the whole
court to the Honorable Congress, requesting that they would
direct their commissioners for negotiating a peace to make the
right of the United States to the fishery an indispensable article
of treaty, without which a peace should not be concluded.”!
How successfully the negotiation terminated in this particular
we need not mention.

1Town Records.
548 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

On the 31st of March, 1783, news was brought to this town
from Boston, of the conclusion of peace, and on the 4th of
April, a hand-bill containing a confirmation of the happy event
having been received, the people gave loose to their joy. Mr.
Smith says, “they had a mad day of rejoicing, firing cannon
incessantly from morning to night among the houses, and
ended in killing Mr. Rollins.’”!

News was received April 26 of the ratification of the prelim-
inary articles of peace, with a proclamation for the cessation
of hostilities. The first day of May was appointed for a public
celebration of the joyous occasion, at which time a discourse
was preached by Rev. Mr. Browne of Stroudwater, accompan-
ied by a contribution for the poor and a public dinner.? In the
course of the day several rounds of cannon, thirteen at each
round, were fired, and the whole passed off without any cir-
cumstance to disturb the joy and heartfelt satisfaction of the
truly happy occasion.

‘Samuel Rollins was accidentally killed by the bursting of a cannon; he
was forty years old, and lived near the corner of Congress and Brown streets.
He was born in New Market, N. H. He left two sons and two daughters by his
wife, Bethiah Robbins, from Ipswich. His eldest son, James, married Polly In-
gersoll of Back Cove; the youngest son died unmarried in the W.I. The
ellest daughter, Hannah, married Capt. Thomas Roach in 1789; she died in
Portland, a widow, October 27, 1851, aged seventy-nine. The other daughter

married Ebenezer Cobh, of Gorham. Capt. Roach was of French extraction,
original name, LaRoche; their son James H. died about 1860.

? Sixty-six dollars and sixty-six cents were collected. The definitive treaty
was signed September 3, 1783.
CHAPTER XX.

REVIVAL OF THE TOWN—BUILDINGS ERECTED—NUMBER OF DWELLING-IIOUSES AND POPULATION—
CoMMERCE—STORES AND TRADE—WIIARVES—LIGHT-{f0USE—BANKS—COMMERCIAL EMBARRASSMENTS,

After the destruction of the village upon the Neck in 1775,
but little exertion was made until the war was over to build up
the waste places. Those persons who had been deprived of
their dwellings, had generally sought refuge in the country;
and many continued there until hostilities ceased; some did

not return at all.!. Some however, whose business required it,

1 Among these were Stephen Longfellow, who moved to Gorham, Benjamin
Mussey, who moved to Standish, and Hugh and William Owen, who moved to
Brunswick. Mr. Mussey came from Newbury, a young man, and like most
of our other enterprising inhabitants, he was a mechanic, a hatter. About 1745
he married Abigail, a daughter of William Weeks, by whom he had ten children.
At the commencement of our difficulties with Great Britain, he took an active
part in the cause of liberty, and acted on several important committees. He
lived near the corner of Temple street, where a block of stores built by his son
John now stands. He died in Standish in 1787, aged sixty-six. He is the an-
cestor of all of the name here. Mr. Mussey’ schildren were Daniel, John, Theo-
dore, Edmund, Abigail, married to Daniel How, Sarah, married to John Phil-
brook of Standish, Esther, and Mary, died unmarried, and William. These are
alldead. Daniel, John, and Mrs, How lived in Portland, and died there leaving
children. Mrs. Martin Gove is the only survivor of Mrs. How’s family, and
John and Charles Mussey, the only surviving children of Capt. John, who died
in 1823, aged seventy-two. The stores, called ‘“Mussey’s Row,” standing on
the ancestral lot, having been greatly injured by fire, have been renovated
and modernized by John, son of Capt. John, and grandson of Benjamin, by
whom the whole of this valuable property is now owned.
550 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

remained among the ruins and supplied themselves with hab-
itations. The first house after the conflagration, was erected
by Joseph H. Ingraham in Fore street, in 1777, nearly opposite
where the mariners’ church now stands; and although it was
a small two-story house, it excited considerable curiosity and
interest, and was considered a rash undertaking in the exposed
state of the town. Mr. Ingraham kept his silver-smith’s shop
in one part of the building which stood by a brook that came
down from a pond and swamp where Federal street is; some
additions were made to it in subsequent years and the whole
was taken down in 1828 for modern improvements. There
were at the time it was built but five houses above it and two
below it on Fore street. The two below still remain, viz., B.
Proctor’s in the rear of the brick store between Lime and Sil-
ver strects, and the Barr house corner of Franklin street. Only
one remains above and that stands in the rear of buildings
corner of Fore and Plum street. Very few ventured to follow
Mr. Ingraham’s example, and at the close of the war, the town
looked but little better than a ruin, the naked chimneys of
many of the consumed buildings were then standing, monu-
ments of the desolation. But soon as the notes of peace came
booming over the sea and were echoed from our thousand hills,
accessions to the population were rapidly made, and a sud-
den impulse was given to business and the restoration of the
town.' In 1784 forty-one dwelling-houses, ten stores, and seven
shops were erected,’ and in 1785, thirty-three dwelling-houses

1“April 10, 1784. This place fills up very fast. There lately came here Mr,
Hopkins (Thomas) Robison (Thomas) Vaughan (Wm.) Clark (Jonas)and Codman_.
(Stephen). April 12. The trade of the place surprisingly increases. Strangers,
traders, and others crowd in among us surprisingly.”—Smith’s Journal. Mr.
Smith observed, after the people begun to rebuild the houses, that by the bless-
ing of God the town might be restored to its former condition in about fifty
years. The good man did not anticipate the immense impulse which was to be
given to our progress by free institutions. He lived to see it in more than its
former glory. ‘

2Nine of the houses were in India street, ten in Fore street, and five in Mid-
dle street,
NEW BUILDINGS. 551

were built; these were all of wood except Gen. Wadsworth’s
on Main street, which was commenced in 1785 and was the
first ever constructed wholly of brick in this town; a third
story has been added within a few years, and it is now occu-
pied by a daughter of Gen. Wadsworth and a daughter of his
son-in-law, Stephen Longfellow. This was a great undertak-
ing with the limited experience of our mechanics, and was two
years in building.!

The next brick building was erected by Benjamin Woodman,
on the corner of Fore and Silver streets in 1786, and the third
by Ebenezer Storer on the corner of Temple and Federal
streets in 1791, which now forms part of the Elm tavern,
they were both two stories high.? In 1792, Woodbury Storer
and Ralph Cross built two-story brick houses in Free street,
upon each of which a third story has been added ; Peter War-
ren built another in Fore street, adjoining Woodman’s. At
the close of 1792, so much progress had been made in build-

1 Previous to the war the only attempts to use brick were in John Butler’s
house in India street and John Greenwood’s, afterward Joseph Jewett’s in Middle
street, both of which had brick ends. Butler’s house was burnt in the sack of the
town; Greenwood’s survived until about 1858, when it gave place to Wood’s,
marble hotel. Greenwood was a cabinet-maker, son of Isaac Greenwood, Prot
of Mathematics in Harvard College. He bought the lot of the Proctor heirs in
1772, for twenty-six pounds, equal to fifty-six dollars, and sold it with the house,
then unfinished, in 1783, to Joseph Jewett, for five hundred pounds, equal on
the scale of depreciation to one hundred and thirty-seven silver dollars. Mr,
Jewett moved to Portland trom Scarborough in November, 1786, and opened a
store in the eastern Jower room of the house, where he carried on a large busi-
ness; his wife, a McLaughlin of the Scotch-Irish stock, rendering him most ef-
fective assistance. Mr. Jewett died July 15, 1796, leaving a large family, viz.,
William James C., a graduate of Harvard, 1800, Joseph Scott, Luther, George,
and Sarah. Joseph, George, and Sarah only survive. Mr. Jewett and his
brothers, Rev. Caleb of Gorham, and Deacon James of Portland, were descended
from Joseph Jewett, who came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Rowley,

Massachusetts.

2 Benjamin Woodman married Mary Freeman in 1781, and died in 1787, aged
thirty-seven, leaving one son, John, who died in 1822, aged fifty, unmarried.
552 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ing that the number of dwelling-houses which had been erected
since the conflagration was two hundred and thirty-four ; the
whole number then upon the Neck was three hundred and
thirty-four, being one hundred and four more than there were
before the town was burnt. Of these, five were of brick and
the others of wood, some with brick ends, two stories, high and
built in good taste.!

Dr. Edward Watts, who owned a large tract of land extend-
ing from Main to Spring street, had Free street and that part
of Brown street which lies between Free and Congress, opened
through his land in 1784, and commenced selling house lots.
Brown street was called Watts lane, and Free, Windmill lane.
Jobn Goodwin, who came here from Plymouth in 1784, pur-
chased a lot, and the same year commenced building a house,
on the corner of Free and South streets, where Mr. Shurtleft’s
house now stands. At that time there was no house on that
side of the way between his and Mr. Frost’s at Stroudwater
bridge. The next house built on this street was by Capt. Eben-
ezer Davis, on the corner of Brown and Free streets; the lot

2

is now occupied by his son, Charles 8.2. The land above this
1 Among these were Capt. Stone’s in Middle street, built 1784, now occupied
by Albert Newhall’s heirs; James Jewett’s in Middle street, 1784; William Jenks’
in Willow, 1784; Thomas Hopkin’s in Middle street, 1784, burnt a few years ago;
Capt. Stephenson’s fronting the beach, 1784; Capt. Sandford’s, corner of India
and Congress streets, 1784; John Kent’s in Middle street, 1786, now John M.
Woods; John Fox’s in Fore street, 1786; Josiah Cox’s Middle street, 1791; E. Kel-
logg’s in Free street, 1792; Benjamin Stone’s, 1791. Mr. Jewett’s was removed
about 1856, to make room for the block of stores built by John M. Wood. Mr.
Cox’s was taken away by Mr. Wood to make improvements on his homestead ;
it stood on the corner of Middle and Pearl streets. Mr. Kellogg’s house on Free
street, occupied by William Willis, and also Benjamin Stone’s tavern-house, were
destroyed by a fire, October 12, 1842, which swept away all the buildings from
‘Congress to Free street on both sides of Brown street. Of the above mentioned
houses remaining in 1864, are the Newhall house, the Jenks house on Willow
street, the Stephenson, Fox, and Sandford houses all unaltered. The Kent
house has been thoroughly modernized.

2 Captain Davis was a native of Haverhill, Massachusetts, he had served with
reputation in the army of the revolution, and came here in 1784 or 1785; he died
BUILDINGS ERECTED. 553

lot to near where Union Hall is, was a potatoe field; where
that hall and other brick buildings now stand was a frog pond
and swamp in which whortleberry bushes were standing four
or five feet high in 1790. Of so little value was this land
in 1794, that the whole heater, including the land on which
the block of brick buildings between Congress and Free streets
stands, was offered for thirty dollars and refused on the idea
-that it would never be suitable for buildings.

At the close of 1799, there were four hundred and fifty-nine
dwelling-houses in town; the three following years one hund-
red and seventeen were erected, which made the whole num-
ber on the first of January, 1803, five hundred and seventy-six,
of which twenty-six were constructed of brick, and some of
them the most splendid edifices which had then or have since
been erected in Maine.'! This rapid increase is unexampled
in the annals of New England previous to this time, although
the subsequent history of our country has furnished instances
of even more rapid advancement. The dwelling-houses con-
tinually increased ; at the commencement of 1805, they were
six hundred and twenty-two, and notwithstanding the com-
mercial embarrassments of the next five years, the number

1 Two of these houses were built by Hugh and Stephen McLellan, in High street,
which had then lately been opened, at an expense of over twenty thousand dol-
lars each. In 1797 there were four hundred and nine houses, two hundred and
eighty-eight barns and outbuildings, eighty-six mechanic shops, seventy-eight
stores and shops, five offices, three rope factories, two distilleries, four meeting-
houses, two school-houses, a court-house and jail.

 

in November, 1799, aged forty-five. He was a gentleman of fine personal ap-
pearance and manners. He continued to wear the cocked hat and small clothes
of the old school. He was a member of the society of Cincinnati, to which his
son succeeded, and became president of the Massachusetts branch. Capt. Davis
married Mehitabel Griffin, July 28,1787. Charles was the only issue of the
marriage. The house built by Capt. Davis, greatly damaged in the fire of 1842,
was subsequeutly removed, repaired, and now stands at the corner of Oak and
Congress streets.

36
,

554 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

on the first of January, 1810, was seven hundred and three.
In the next ten years they did not advance so rapidly as in
the preceding period, and were returned by the assessors, in
1820, at only seven hundred, which must have been consid-
erably under the true number ; following the proportion of
population they would be eight hundred.and forty-nine. In
1830 they were ten hundred and seventy-six.

The growth of the population is indicated by the increase of
dwelling-houses. In 1790 that of Portland, which had then
been incorporated as a separate town, was two thousand two
hundred and forty ; 1800 it was three thousand seven hundred
and four ;! 1810, seven thousand one hundred and sixty-nine 5
in 1820, eight thousand five hundred and eighty-one, embrac-
ing one thousand five hundred and seven families, of which
were three hundred and thirty-seven widows, one hundred and
one persons of seventy years of age, thirty-two over eighty, and
one woman one hundred and three. In 1830 the population
was twelve thousand six hundred and one.®

The rapid increase of dwelling-houses and of population is
an indication of the advance and prosperity of trade. No for-
eign commerce was carried on during the war; some advan-
tage was derived to the people by the occasional arrival of a
prize, the fitting out of privateers belonging to other places,
and the supply of the soldiers. The first’ store opened after

1 The remaining part of Falmouth in 1790, contained two thousand nine hund-
red and ninety-one inhabitants, and in 1800 three thousand four hundred and
twenty-two, and Cape Elizabeth, which in 1790, had a population of one
thousand three hundred and fifty-five, had fallen in 1800 to one thousand two

hundred and seventy-five. But it rallied, and in 1860 it was three thousand two
hundred and eighty-one.

2 This included three hundred and seventeen upon the islands, viz., Long Island
twenty-six families, one hundred and forty-six souls; Peake’s, thirteeen fami-
lies, seventy inhabitants ; House, three families, twenty-four inhabitants; Little
Chebeag, three families, twenty-one inhabitants; Hog, two families, eighteen in-
habitants; Bangs’s, one family, fourteen inhabitants; Jewell’s, one family, twelve
inhabitants; Crotch, one family, seven inhabitants ; Cow, one family, five inhab-
itants.
TRADE AND TRADERS. 555

the destruction of the town was in Fore street by Nathaniel-
Deering ; it was upon a small scale suited to the depressed cir-

cumstances of the town, and, according to a common usage of
that day, was kept by his wife. Here, and in his industrious

habits, and the considerable estate inherited by his wife from

her father, Deacon Milk, was laid the foundation of the large

estate he left to his children. A few other small shops were

opened during the war where articles of common necessity

were sold. But as soon as the war was over, trade started at

once into full activity. In June, 1783, two large ships came

here to load, one of them a mast ship, the first of the kind

since 1775. Early in 1784, a number of enterprising persons

moved into town, who brought capital which was much needed,

and went largely into business. Among these was Thomas

Hopkins from Axminster, England, who opened a store in Fore

street, Thomas Robison in Congress street, Jonas Clark in Ex-

change street,' and Stephen Codman, first on Titcomb’s wharf,

and then in India street.

In 1785 the following persons, in addition to those just men-
tioned, were engaged in trade here; Jolin Butler, Thomas
Cumming, and Abraham Osgood in India street; James Fos-
dick, Dr. Edward Watts, Thomas B. Waite, stationery, and
John Baker, saddlery, etc., in Middle street; Robison, Edgar,

1 Mr. Clark did not long continue here, he offered his stock for sale Decem-
ber, 1785, and soon after moved to Kennebunk. Mr. Clark was Judge of Pro-
bate for York county from 1818 to 1828. He married Sarah, eldest daughter of
Dr. Edward Watts of this town. Stephen Codman did not continue here many
years, he returned to Boston; his wife was Hannah, daughter of Thomas Robi-
son, whom he married November 20, 1788; his sons, Henry and Edward, were

born here, Henry, September 1, 1787, Edward, July 26,1790. Henry graduated
at Harvard College, 1808, was a lawyer and died in Boston, 1853.

2Mr. Edgar came here with his family in August, 1784, and this firm soon
commenced a large business in the house now occupied as a boarding house by
the Misses Jones, corner of Park and Congress streets ; they opened a distillery
on Robison’s wharf, and purchased the large tract of land from Congress street to
Fore river, through which Ann, now Park street, was opened in1788. The part-
nership was dissolved June 1, 1786. John May from Boston, afterward traded

in the same store.
556 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and Reed, and Peleg Wadsworth in Congress street; Harding
and Shaw, David Smith, who came from Nova Scotia, in a store
in Fore street, near the head of Union wharf which, he styled
in his advertisement, “the west end of the town.” Fabre and
Dunn in Clay Cove, and Lemuel Weeks on Deering and Ingra-
ham’s wharf.' The traders at that. time kept general assort-
ments of merchandise, which were disposed of by barter for.
the principal articles of country produce or manufacture, as
lumber, pot and pearl ashes, flax seed, etc., which were ship-
ped to England and the West Indies, to pay for, their im-
portations.2, In 1802, John Jenks in Jones’ row, and Abijah
Cheever in Mussey’s row, advertised. black and white beaver
hats imported from London. Abraham Osgood came from
London. Between this time and the close of 1792, numerous
additions were made to the traders; Stephen Deblois, father of
our respected fellow-citizen Thomas A. Deblois, came from Bos-

1 The following persons were licensed as retailers October, 1785; Joseph Green-
leaf, Samuel Martin, Joseph Parsons, James Fosdick, Stephen McLellan, John
Bagley, John Kent, Nathaniel Atkins, John Jolly, Jesse Part:idge, Thomas Sand-
ford, And. P. Frost, Jonathan Bryant, Peleg Wadsworth, Stephen Harding, Will-
iam Brown, Joseph McLellan & Son, William Tate, Ebenezer Owen, James Jew-
ett, Lemuel Weeks, John Quinby, John Archer, William Waite, Samuel Butts,
Eliphalet Deane, Thomas Cumming, John Baker, Woodbury Storer, David Stod-
dard, William Frost, Josiah Coz, William Purinton, Daniel Mussey, Stephen Waite,
Ebenezer Davis, James Webb, Richard Codman, Jr., Samuel Bryant, James Means,
Josiah Tucker, Haggett & Moulton, Nathaniel Fosdick, John Hobby, James
Poole, and David Smith. Those in italics did not keep upon the Neck.

2In 1798, orfabout that time, the precise date I cannot ascertain, the ship
“Grand Turk” bound from India to Salem, was wrecked at the mouth of our
harbor, and her valuable cargo, consisting of silks, teas, and other rich merchan-
dise from the east, was scattered upon the shores of Cape Elizabeth and the
islands, as we have recently witnessed inthe case of the ship Bohemian. An
old lady, who well remembers the scene, observed to me that silk dresses then
abounded upon the backs of persons who had never worn the article before, and
the best teas and spices found places ‘on tables before strangers to those luxu-
ties. The Grand Turk was built in Salem in 1791, by E. H. Derby, the wealth-
iest man in that town, and the largest ship which had to that time been built
there. She was one hundred and twenty feet long, thirty-two feet beam, and
five hundred and sixty-four tons burthen.
TRADE AND TRADERS. 55T

ton and occupied the Deacon Codman store, corner of Exchange
and Middle streets, which he bought of him in 1788; he re-
turned to Boston in 1794. Stephen Codman, John May,
Shirley Erving, also came from Boston at that period and
opened stores here. Robert and Joseph C. Boyd, also came;
Robert purchased the store where Mr. Deblois kept, and
erected the brick block, now standing on that corner which his
children still own. Joseph McLellan and son, and Stephen
McLellan, carried on a large business on Congress street where
Blake’s bake-house is, Edward Watts an apothecary, Nich.
McIntire, tobacconist, John Motley, and others. Daniel Tucker,
Thomas Hopkins, and Thomas Robison became large import-
ers, and our little town was, at the close of the last century and
beginning of the present, one of the most busy and thriving
towns in the Union.

At this time there were great embarrassments upon trade
arising partly from the want of suitable regulations by our own
government, but principally from measures adopted already
by Great Britain, by which the West India ports were shut
against American vessels. While our own vessels were ex-
cluded from a profitable trade which they had carried on before
the war, and which from the abundance of lumber, our great
staple, had been particularly favorable to this section of the
country, British bottoms were allowed free ingress into our
harbors, which supplied all their own markets and became the
carriers of our produce to the great injury of our navigation.
This state of things was seriously felt throughout New Eng-
land, and the legislature of Massachusetts was urged to adopt
some measures of protection. In 1785 the representative from
Falmouth, Joseph Noyes, was instructed by the town to repair
immediately to the General Court and use his utmost exertions
to procure the passage of alaw to remove the evils under
which the people labored, by excluding British ships from be-
coming carriers of our commodities, or imposing such duties on
exports shipped in British bottoms as should produce a reci-
558 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

procity in the course of trade. They close their instructions
as follows: “And in general we direct and instruct you to ex-
ert your influence that such good laws be made and enacted
as may promote and encourage our agriculture, manufactures,
and fishery ; as may discourage and prevent the importation of
wrought goods injurious to our own artificers and mechanics ;
and that a heavy impost be laid upon foreign luxuries, gewgaws,
and trifles, whether introduced by British agents and factors
or by our own merchants and importers.” At the same time
they requested him to use his exertions to procure a light-house
to be erected on Portland Point, as soon as possible. In pur-
suance of the efforts made at this time by the people, an act
was passed in June, 1785, to exclude British ships wholly from
taking on board any articles, the growth, manufacture, or pro-
duce of any of the United States, during the continuance of the
prohibition of our vessels into the ports of the West Indies.
But in case those restrictions were removed, and a free trade
permitted, their vessels should be admitted on the payment of
a tonnage duty of five shillings a ton and a light duty ; and Bos-
ton, Falmouth, and Dartmouth were established ports of entry
and delivery.!

The amount of the commercial operations of the town for a
few years after the peace, may be gathered from the following
table showing the number of arrivals at this port.

Year. Ships. Brigs. Schrs. Sloops. Total. Tons. Remarks.
F Nov. 12 t :
Deo. 31, 1783. ¢ .. 2. 6) a Ge
1784, 2 22 21 87 82 6081 Two were for-

eign vessels, one a ship of 350
tons—the largest American
vessel was a brig of 200 tons.

! The act levying light money was passed October, 1783, to take effect Novem-
ber 1, 1783 ; it required a duty of two pence a ton to be paid by all vessels not
employed in coasting and fishing, and those over thirty tons to pay four pence
per ton a year.
TRADE. 559

1785,

to

19 14 31 66 5245 One British ship
540 tons—there were 77 clear-
ances, 26 of which were for
toreign ports,

1786, 21 15 32 68 58 from foreign ports,

principally the West Indies;
Clearances 80; 30 brigs, 21
schooners, 29 sloops.

1787, 1 3t 35 22 8&9 78 trom foreign ports ;

99 clearances; 87 for foreign

ports.t

We have no means of ascertaining precisely the amount of
tonnage that belonged to this port at that period ; there were
few brigs at first, the vessels were principally schooners and

.Sloops, which were employed in coasting, fishing, and in
trading to the West Indies. The brief view exhibits a constant
increase in the mercantile business and a striking change in
the class of vessels employed, the sloops in which business was
chiefly pursued before the revolution having given place to

‘Yn 1827, the entries from foreign ports amounted to twenty-eight thousand two
hundred and ninety-eight tons; in 1831, the fereign arrivals were two hundred,
and clearances two hundred and eighteen; in 1832, there belonged to this port
seventeen ships, ninety-three brigs, eighty-six schooners, eleven sloops, six barks,
and two steamboats, measuring thirty-four thousand one hundred and twenty-
eight tons. In 1849 the tonnage of Portland was fifty-one thousand one hundred
and ten, consisting of twenty-three ships, seventy barks, seventy-eight brigs,
one hundred and fourteen schooners, and four steamers. In 1860 the tonnage
of the district of Portland and Falmouth was one hundred and thirty-one thou-
sand eight handred and twenty-five, mostly owned in Portiand. The whole ton-
nage of Maine at the same time was eight hundred and three thousand and sev-
enty-one, being the third in the Union, Massachusetts and New York only going
before her. Massachusetts having eight hundred and twenty-five thousand, New
York one millica six hundred and sixty-one thousand one hundred and eighty-
eight, and the whole country five million three hundred and fifty-three thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight tons. Qf vessels built in that year, Maine ranks
first, Massachusetts next ; Maine built fifty-seven thousand five hundred and six-
ty-eight tons, Portland district, five thousand three hundred and eight, in seven-
teen ressels, Massachusetts thirty-three thousand, New York thirty-one thousand
and fractiens. The tonnage of Maine in 1862 was eight hundred and sixteen
thousand nine hundred and seven.
560 | HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

brigs. The West India trade has always been a source of profit
to the people of this town, and more business has been done in
that direction, than in any other port on the continent in pro-
portion to its population. In 1787, out of the eighty-nine en-
tries, seventy-three were from the West Indies, and the same
number was cleared for the West Indies. For the purpose of
making a comparison, we may be permitted to leap over a space
-of forty years to show that this branch of trade continued to re-
ceive undiminished attention from our people. In 1826 the
tonnage of vessels entering the port of Havanna alone from
the United States, was one hundred seventeen thousand seven
hundred and seventy-six, of which eleven thousand six hund-
red and nineteen tons were from Portland, while from Boston
there were but ten thousand nine hundred and thirty, New
York eight thousand five hundred and sixteen, and Philadel-
phia four thousand nine hundred and thirty-six.'

In 1787 there was not a ship owned in town; in 1789 the
amount of tonnage was about five thousand, which in 1793 had
increased to eleven thousand one hundred and seventy-three
tons, of which ten thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven
was registered, consisting of thirteen ships, twenty-four brigs,

1In 1831 the importation of molasses into this place was thirty-six thousand
four hundred and sixty hogsheads, three hundred and seventy tierces, and one
thousand one hundred and twenty-one barrels—foreign exportations were boards,
twenty-two million two hundred and forty-four thousand three hundred and six-
teen feet ; shooks, fifty-seven thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, ete. In
1848 the import of molasses was three million six hundred and thirty-one thou-
sand nine hundred and eighty-seven gallons, of sugar, four hundred ten thousand
and thirty-five pounds, salt, one hundred thirty-five thousand five hundred and
five bushels. In 1860 the import of molasses was six million eleven thousand one
hundred and thirty-seven gallons; sugar, six hundred and fifty-five hogsheads,
two thousand two hundred and eighty-six boxes, seventy-five tierces. In 1862,
molasses, five millions five hundred and twenty-four thousand and ninety-two gal-
lons; sugar, nine thousand and thirty-one hogsheads, five thousand six hundred
and twenty-four boxes, six hundred and sixty-two tierces and barrels, The
amount of imports in 1862 exceeded four million of dollars, and of exports four

million one hundred and seventeen thousand two hundred and ninety-two dol-
Jars. :
TRADE AND COMMERCE. 561

twenty-three schooners, and twenty sloops. The tonnage went
on gradually increasing until 1807, when it stood thirty-nine
thousand and nine tons of registered and enrolled vessels over
twenty tons. It fell off the three following years in conse-
quence of the restrictive system; but in 1811 it began to re-
cover, and April 1, 1812, just previous to the declaration of
war with Great Britain, it had risen to thirty-five thousand
five hundred and twelve tons, when it underwent another
heavy reduction. The highest point to which the registered
and enrolled tonnage of this district has attained, was in 1862,
when it stood at one hundred and thirty-three thousand one
hundred and sixty-two tons, which included forty-five ships,
fifty-three barks, thirty-eight brigs, one hundred and sixty-
one schooners, five sloops, and twelve steamers. The sudden
and immense increase of trade here indicated by the progress
of the tonnage, may further be perceived by comparison of the
duties received at the custom-house at different periods: In
1790 the whole amount of duties which accrued at the office was
but eight thousand one hundred and nine dollars; it had ad-
vanced in 1801 to two bundred and four thousand three hund-
red and thirty-three dollars, and in 1806 to three hundred and
forty-two thousand nine hundred and nine dollars.'| On the
30th of September, 1832, the registered vessels belonging to

1 For further details on this subject see Appendix XXI. The amount of ton_
nage in Massachusetts, including Maine, in 1790 was one hundred ninety-seven
thousand three hundred and sixty-eight, and the amount received for duties for
one year in the Commonwealth ending September 30, 1790, was three hundred
and twenty thousand four hundred and thirty dollars and ninety-eight cents. The
whole tonnage of the United States in 1790 was four hundred seventy-nine thou-
sand and ninety-one; in 1792, five hundred and sixty-eight thousand_two hundred
and eighty-three; in 1810, one million four hundred and twenty-four thousand
seven hundred and eighty-three ; in 1816, one million three hundred and seventy-
two thousand two hundred and eighteen; in 1860, five millions three hundred
and fifty-three thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight. of which New York
owned one million six hundred and sixty-one thousand one hundred and eighty-
eight; Massachusetts, eight hundred and twenty-five thousand, and Maine the
third State, eight hundred three thousand and seventy-one.
562 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

this port were twenty-eight ships, ninety brigs, and twelve
schooners ; he enrolled and licensed, twelve brigs, two hundred
and three schooners, thirty-three sloops, and three steamboats ;
those under twenty tons, twenty-seven schooners, and four
sloops, making the whole number of vessels four hundred and
twelve, employing in their navigation about two thousand seven
hundred seamen.

Dr. Dwight who visited the town in 1797, makes the follow-
ing remarks respecting it: ‘(No American town is more entirely
commercial and of course none is more sprightly. Lumber,
fish, and ships are the principal materials of their commerce.”!
Probably no period of our history was more prosperous than
the three years preceding the first embargo; the navigation
had increased twelve thousand tons, and the amount received
for duties was higher than it has been until 1862. But the
melancholy events of that period had a most disastrous effect
upon all the springs of our prosperity.

As the trade and wealth of the town increased, stores were
erected and the accommodations for business improved. Ten
stores and seven shops were built in 1784, nine stores and seven
shops in 1792, eight stores and nine shops in 1798, four stores
and eight shops in 1794, and seven stores and five shops in 1795 ;
these were all of wood. In 1793, Joseph H. Ingraham erected
a block of wooden stores one story high, on the spot in Fore
street now occupied by the mariners’ church, which attracted
much attention from their having been superior in size and
style to any thing of the kind before erected in'town. This
will hardly be credited by those who remember the block, which
was burnt down in August, 1827. The trade which before
the revolution was confined to the neighborhood of India street,
and: which first revived there after the war, began rapidly to
advance westward, and by the year 1800, Exchange street be-
came the principal seat of business; it was then filled with ©

' Dwight’s Travels, vol ii. p. 168.
STORES ERECTED. 563

small wooden shops. Deacon Richard Codman’s store on the
corner of Exchange and Middle streets which Robert Boyd
afterward bought and moved to make room for his brick block
erected in 1803, was, Mr. Boyd informed me, considered when
he came here in 1784, too far up town for business. In 1795,
when Ebenezer Storer built the wooden store which stood on
the corner of Union and Middle streets, it was thought to be
‘far out of the way of business. But this illusion was soon dis-
pelled, and trade advanced westward with a firm and steady
step, creating a demand for larger stores and better accom-
modations than had before been furnished. In 1798 Henry
Titcomb built the brick stores on the corner of Union and Mid-
dle streets, two in number, which were the second of that ma-
terial constructed in town.' The next year Capt. John Mussey
commenced building the block in Middle street which bears
his name,? and James Deering the block on the corner of Fore
and Exchange streets. In 1801 the large brick block extend-
ing from Fore street on the west side of Exchange street, nearly
one-third of the way to Middle street, was completed. It was
built by the Rev. Elijah Kellogg and named Jones’s Row, from
Phineas Jones, a former owner of that tract of land. From
1800, ranges of brick stores arose with great rapidity in the
business part of the town.*

1The first was erected by Samuel Butts in 1792, connected with his house on
the south side of Fore street, a little east of the passage way on to the Pier. Mr.
Butts was a tailor, and came here from Boston in 1784, was successful in busi-

ness, and afterward went into trade; he died in 1838, aged seventy-nine, leaving
an only daughter married to Capt. Caleb Adams.

2He first built two stores on the corner of Temple street; next year the two
at the other end of the block, and the third year he moved his dwelling-house
back on to Temple street and filled up the space with stores to complete the row :
he made the bricks himself in the old yard of his father, near the foot of Center
street. This block has been several times damageil by fire, but has been thor-
oughly renewed and modernized by his son John, the present owner of this val-
uable estate.

38tone was first used here as a material for building in 1828, in constructing
the block, corner of Fore street and the passage way to Commercial wharf, built
by Messrs. Willis, Harrod, and others. The first brick school-house was erected
in 1802.
564 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The wharves kept pace with other improvements in town.
After the war, breastworks were erected along the shore by
Mr. Deering and Mr. Fox, fronting their property at the foot of
Exchange street, by David Smith and Daniel Ilsley at the foot
of Union street, and by Thomas Robison near the foot of Park
street. Mr. Ilsley and Mr. Robison erected distilleries upon
theirs ; the others were occupied for mechanic shops and ware-
houses. The first attempt to extend a wharf to any considera”
ble distance into the river, was by the proprietors of flats, at
the foot of Union street. The principal owners were David
Smith, Robert Boyd, Hugh McLellan and Son, Enoch Isley
and Son, Woodbury Storer, John Mussey, and Daniel Isley. ©
They held their first legal meeting, January 1, 1793, and the
same year commenced Union wharf, on which in the two fol-
lowing years they erected ranges of buildings containing fifteen
stores.' This wharf has since been extended and is now two
thousand two hundred feet long. This undertaking stimulated
other gentlemen to a similar enterprise ; the owners of flats at
the foot of Exchange street, called a meeting on the first of
February in the same year, for the purpose of improving the
land now occupied by Long wharf, and voted to proceed imme-
diately to the construction of the wharf. The flats owned by
the proprietors were one hundred and sixteen feet wide, ex-
tending to the channel of Fore river and were held in common,
one share being equal to fifty feet in length of the wharf.? Soon
after this, Joseph H. Ingraham commenced his wharf lying next
east of Long wharf; to which several additions have been
made, until at the present time it is about nine hundred feet

‘Their flats were sixteen rods wide to the channel, the passage way to the
wharf forty-eight feet wide; the stores were thirty feet wide with a passage way
on each side,

2The following persons were the first proprietors, Nathaniel Deering, the heirs
of James Milk, John Fox, James Deering, Stephen Deblois, Joseph ‘Jewett,
Stephen Harding, John Waite, Joshua Rogers, James Jewett, Ralph Cross, Dan-
iel Tucker, John Bagley, John Thurlo, Ebeaezer Preble, and John Kent.
STORES AND WHARVES. 565

long, and is now called Commercial wharf. In 1807 the Pier
was commenced between Titcomb’s and Ingraham’s wharves
by Robert Boyd, Josiah Cox, Enoch Preble, Jacob Noyes, Will-
iam Lowell, Ezekiel Day, Parker Isley, Jr., John Motley,
Peter Warren, Jonathan Paine, Jr., and Benjamin Knight.
In 1820 the number of superficial feet of wharf in town, was
three hundred ninety-two thousand and ninety-six, which em-
braced those we have just mentioned, and Titcomb’s now Cus-
tom House, Weeks’s now Atlantic, Richardson’s, Merrill’s, and
Robison’s wharves, besides some breastworks. There have
been since added Central, Widgery’s, Railway now Galt’s,' At-
lantic and St. Lawrence, Portland Co., Burnham’s, Smith’s,
Brown’s, Hobson’s, Portland, Saco & Portsmouth and Victoria
wharves. The most considerable of these are Brown’s, Smith’s,
Atlantic and St. Lawrence, and the Victoria. The latter were
completed in 1859, and were built expressly for the accommoda-
tion of the Great Eastern Steamship, on the earnest application
of the managers of that Company and of the Grand Trunk Rail-
way Company. The city appropriated sixty thousand dollars,
and the Grand Trunk Company, which superintended the work,
applied the further sum of about twenty-five thousand dollars,
making the whole cost about eighty-five thousand dollars.
They consist of two piers extending into deep water with a
wide space between for an open dock. A rail was extended

1In 1826 a Marine railway was constructed on the east side of Clay Cove, by
which vessels were taken up on an inclined plane to be repaired; the undertak-
ing was very successful and profitable. It was removed to make way for im-
provements in 1853, and the company dissolved. This was one of the most
successful enterprises ever undertaken in Portland. They not only divided in
profit much more than their capital stock, but the proceeds of sales of the real
estate returned the stockholders, exceeded one hundred thousand dollars. The
number of shares was two hnndred and seventy-five.

A company was incorporated in 1864 to construct a new railway or dry-dock
which is greatly needed in the city. A small one was built a few years ago at
Cape Elizabeth, which has been recently enlarged to accommodate vessels of the
highest class.
566 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

on each pier from the main track of the Grand Trunk, to the
end, to furnish facilities for loading and discharging the vessel,
and there was a sufficient depth of water at the end of the
piers for the largest vessel ever built, to float at low tide. But
this immense expense for this specific object was entirely lost
to the city; this monster vessel never came to our waters, and
the wharves have never yielded any benefit to the city; what-
ever benefit or profit is derived from them inures to the Grand
Trunk Company.

The principal wharves in 1864, beginning at Fish Point and
extending westerly, are the Victoria, Portland Company, Atlan-
tic and St. Lawrence, Railroad, Atlantic or Steamboat, Galt’s,
Franklin, Burnham’s, Maine, Custom House, Portland Pier,
Long, Central, Widgery’s, Union, Merrill’s, Richardson’s, Com-
mercial, Brown’s, Smith’s, Hobson’s, Sawyer’s, Robison’s or
Sturdivant’s, and Portland, Saco and Portsmouth, near Port-
land bridge. The number of superficial feet occupied by the
wharves is about one million.

For many years, the extension of wharves so far into the
harbor, as many of them do, was seriously affecting its capacity
and shoaling its water. The Board of Trade of the city in
1854 applied to the city government to adopt some rule on the
subject and to take other measures necessary to improve or se-
cure the harbor. The city government gave immediate atten-
tion to the subject; they promptly communicated with Prof.
Bache, Chief of the Coast Survey, who organized a commis-
sion for a survey of the harbor and the establishment of a
shore line to restrict the extension of the wharves and other
obstructions to the capacity and usefulness of our harbor. The
commission consisted of Gen. Totten, Chief Engineer of the U.
S., Prof. Bache, and Commander now Admiral Charles H. Da-
vis of the U. S. navy, among the most accomplished men on this
subject in the U.S. They immediately proceeded in their ex-
amination and made a full report in March, 1855, which was
published by the city government. This is so pertinent to our

ttt
DESCRIPTION OF THE HARBOR. 567

-present work, that I shall be excused for making some extracts
from their very able report. They say, “The plan of the report
embraces three general divisions. 1st. A general description of
the harbor, comprising its topography, its natural formation,
and its past and actual conditions. 2d. The method of increas-
ing its accommodations, and at the same time maintaining its
depth and capacity.”

They describe the harbor as consisting of an inner and outer
harbor. The north-easterly side of the outer harbor is the line
of Peake’s, Great Hog, and Mackey’s Islands; the inner harbor
lies between the peninsula on which Portland is built and Cape
Elizabeth, and bounded westerly by Portland bridge.” It is a
sheet of water one thousand six hundred and eighty yards, or
one and thirty-two hundredths nautical miles in length, and at
average high tide eleven hundred yards in width. At mean

- low water, the average width is reduced to one hundred and
nine yards.’ In form it is nearly a “parallelogram of which
the longest sides are two thousand nine hundred and fifty
yards, and the shortest sides eight hundred and twenty yards,
and at low water four hundred and forty yards.”” The commis-
sioners say, “The city of Portland stands precisely upon that
spot, which a careful examination would pronounce to be the
best. The area at mean high water of the harbor proper, or of
the space between Portland bridge and the breakwater on one
side and Fish Point on the other, is six hundred and seventy-
seven acres. The area of the basin above Portland bridge, is,
at mean high water, about nine hundred and eighty-eight acres,
and at mean low water about one hundred eighty-two acres.”
All the conditions of the harbor and reservoir imply stability
in the waters of Portland; it is in part, they say, ‘‘a harbor of
an original formation, and being well proportioned in its parts,
it would be inferred that it was not liable to any changes ex-
cept such as are slow and scarcely perceptible.” The commis-
sioners say, “It is very noticeable that a portion of the eastern
end of the middle ground seems actually to have been removed,
568 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

while on the other hand the depth of water on the middle
ground has scarcely diminished. The most interesting change
is the creation of a sort of bar reaching across from Fish Point
to the middle ground, making it, much shoaler in this spot
now than it was in 1820.”

Among the improvements suggested ,by the commissioners
is the establishment of a line extending from the Gas Compa-
ny’s wharf above Portland bridge on nearly a straight line to
Fish Point, outside of which no obstruction should be placed,
and that the part of wharves now projecting over that line
should be removed. These projecting wharves were Smith’s,
Brown’s, and Union. A similar line was recommended for
Back Cove. A system of dredging is earnestly pressed, and
the city government is advised to keep a jealous watch over
the waters of the reservoir or receiving basin above Portland
bridge ; that there should be a strict prohibition against throw-
ing ballast or dirt of any kind into the harbor ; that the break-
water be completed, and that the care of the waters of the
harbor be assigned to a suitable person whose duty it shall be
to resist encroachments and prevent all abuses.

The following interesting comparison is furnished in the re-
port: “It is worth while to mention that when the new water
front has been permanently established on both sides, the com-
mon anchorage of the inner harbor between Cape Elizabeth and
Portland bridge will comprise an area of three hundred and fif
ty-two acres, and the water area of the docks on both sides will
altogether amount to about one hundred and fifteen acres, as-
suming one-half of the inclosed space to be water space. The
water area of the London docksis about one hundred and eighty
acres, that of the Liverpool docks is less than one hundred
acres. Thus it will be perceived, that sufficient accommoda-
tions are provided for the greatest probable increase of tonnage.”
The commissioners close their able and interesting report in
the following encouraging terms: “It sometimes happens that
good harbors are wanting where other elements of commercial
BREAKWATER—LIGAT-HOUSES. 569

greatness are found in abundance, and conversely, that good.
harbors exist where the materials of trade are absent. In this
instance the facilities of nature, territorial position, and the
legitimate courses of commerce all combine to create a large
commercial emporium.”

In pursuance of the recommendation of the commissioners,
the city government procured an act to be passed by the legis-
lature in 1856, establishing a line as proposed by them, and
authorizing the Governor and Council to appoint three harbor
commissioners to control and regulate the construction of
wharves, to prevent encroachments and encumbrances on the
tidal waters, and to preserve the harbor from obstructions and
deposits and injuries of all kinds.

In connection with harbor improvements was the construction
of the breakwater on the south-east side of the harbor, begin-
ning at Staniford’s Point near the ferry landing, and extending
north-easterly to the termination of the commissioner’s line on
that side of the harbor. It was commenced in 1836, under an
appropriation made by the United States that year, of ten thou-
sand dollars, on the application of our citizens, for the protection
of the shipping in south-easterly gales. It is not yet finished,
although the board of engineers who examined our harbor in
1854, earnestly recommended its completion. In 1854 an ap-
propriation of three thousand five hundred dollars was made
by the United States government for a light-house to be placed
at the extremity of the breakwater, which was soon after erected
to the great convenience and security of vessels entering and
leaving the harbor in the night.

After the close of the war of the revolution, as our commerce
began rapidly to increase, a want was felt for a light-house on
the main channel into our harbor. In 1785 an application
was mide to the government of Massachusetts, under whose
colors we were then sailing, for an appropriation for such a
structure, but the request was at that time denied. In a year

37
570 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

or two afterward, the State became sensible of the importance
of the work and commenced it; they had not however pro-
ceeded far, when the national government, succeeding to the
general maritime jurisdiction of the States, undertook the work.
In August, 1790, Congress appropriated fifteen hundred dol.
lars to finish the undertaking; this revived the lingering work;
it was completed within five months from that time, and lighted
January 10,1791. The stone work was seventy-two feet high,
and the lantern fifteen feet, making the whole eighty-seven
feet.' The master builders were John Nichols and Jonathan
Bryant, masons of this town.

The headland of Cape Elizabeth being one of the most
prominent objects on our coast, and the projecting promontory
of Casco Bay, in which a large commerce was carried on,
the safety of the increasing navigation on our shores re-
quired that this point should be prominently distinguished.
The government, therefore, of the United States, in 1827, de-
termined to erect upon that spot two light-houses, and appro-
priated for that purpose three thousand dollars, under which
the work was commenced, and in 1828 completed by a further
appropriation of four thousand five hundred dollars. They
are conspicuous guides to the nightly wanderer on the ocean.
A fog bell has since been erected which gives its timely warn-
ing to the bewildered mariner. Buoys and spindels have been
placed upon Alden’s rock and other shoals and dangerous
places lying in the approaches to our harbor. Other like im-
provements caused by recent losses, particularly of the English
steamer Bohemian, in 1864, are in contemplation.

As banking is german to the subject of commerce, a notice
of the institutions established here for that object, may not be
inappropriate to this place. The first bank which was incor-
porated in Maine, was the Portland Bank in J une, 1799. Its
capital was one hundred thousand dollars, with the privilege

! This was afterward considered too high, and twenty feet were taken off.
BANKS AND BANKING. 571

of being increased to three hundred thousand dollars, at the
pleasure of the stockholders. The privilege was improved and
the whole amount, limited by the charter, was taken up. Hugh
McLellan was the first president, and John Abbott the first
cashier. A dwelling-house which stood in Middle street on
the site of the present Canal Bank was used by the company
for several years, and was removed in 1806 to make room for
the beautiful building now occupied by that Bank.' The
Portland Bank suffered severely in the commercial embarrass-
ments of the town in 1808, and met with such losses that they
suspended their business and finally closed it in 1815, four
years before their charter expired, with a loss of twenty-five
per cent of their capital stock.

The Maine Bank incorporated in June, 1802, was the second
in this State; by its charter its capital was allowed to be from
one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to three hundred thou-,
sand dollars, at the pleasure of the stockholders. The whole
amount was taken up; Samuel Freeman was appointed the first
president, and David Hale the first cashier; their office was
kept in Jones’ row in Exchange street. It was incorporated
for only ten years, and at the end of that time it closed its con-
cerns and was succeeded the same year by the Camberland
Bank, which was incorporated in 1812, with a capital of three
hundred thousand dollars and took the banking-house occupied
by the Maine Bank. They subsequently reduced their capital
to two hundred thousand dollars and carried on a successful
business to the close of their charter in 1831.

The Bank of Portland with a capital of two hundred thou-
sand dollars was incorporated in 1819, and was the fourth bank
established here; the Casco Bank was incorporated in 1824,
with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars; the Mer-
chants Bank with a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand
dollars, in 1825; the Canal Bank the same year with a capital

This house now stands on the east side of Chestnut street, belonging to the

estate of Elias Merrill.
572 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of three hundred thousand dollars, of which twenty-five per
cent was to be invested in the Cumberland and Oxford canal.
The capital of this bank was increased one hundred thousand
dollars by charter in 1832, and subsequently to six hundred
thousand dollars. The Maine Bank was incorporated in
1831, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, and
in 1832 the Exchange, and Manufacturers and Traders Banks
were incorporated with a capital each of one hundred thousand
dollars. A branch of the Bank of the United States was es-
tablished here in 1828, with facilities of doing business equal
to a capital of three hundred thousand dollars. The whole
bank capital in Portland at the close of 1832, employed by
eight banks, was one million five hundred and fifty thousand
dollars, and the amount of their loans two million three hund-
red thousand dollars. Their average circulation, exclusive
of the Branch Bank, was about three hundred and thirty thou-
sand dollars ; the average deposits with the same exception,
about three hundred and seventy thousand dollars ; and the
average amount of specie about seventy-five thousand dollars.

The banks in Portland and over the whole country suffered
severely from the commercial revulsion of 1837 and 1838;
those in Portland lost nearly half their capital. In May,
1837, they were compelled to suspend specie payments after
the example of the large cities. The number of banks in the
city, in January, 1838, was nine, having an aggregate capital
of two million one hundred and fifty-five thousand dollars.
Their names were, Bank of Portland, Bank of Cumberland,
Canal, Casco, City, Exchange, Maine, Manufacturers and
Traders, and Merchants. Four of these, viz., the Bank of
Portland, City, Exchange, and Maine, have long ceased to ex-
ist, and closed their concerns with some loss of capital. The
number of banks in Portland at the close of 1863 was seven,
viz., Bank of Cumberland, Canal, Casco, International, Manu-
facturers and Traders, Mechanics, and Merchants, with an ag-
gregate capital of two million six hundred and seventy-five
BANKS AND BANKING. 573

thousand dollars. Their aggregate loans were five million six
hundred and thirty thousand dollars; circulation, one million
six hundred and seventy thousand dollars; deposits, two mil-
lion three hundred and forty-eight thousand eight hundred and
ninety-five dollars; specie, one hundred and seventy-one thou-
sand nine hundred and twenty-three dollars.

In addition to these banks, there are two savings banks in
the city, one, Portland Savings’ Bank, incorporated in 1852,
the other, the Portland Five Cents Savings Bank, incorporated
in 1859. These, in 1863, had an aggregate amount of deposits
of eight hundred and sixty-six thousand three hundred and
twenty-two dollars, from five thousand and twenty-five depos-
itors, to whom they pay six per cent interest per annum.
The Portland Savings Bank has invested in government secu-
rities three hundred and fifteen thousand seven hundred and
seventeen dollars, of which about two hundred and ninety-three
thousand dollars is in National loans, the other bank has sixty-
two thousand dollars in U.S. securities ; the banks of discount
in the city have included in their loans, over a million and a
half dollars in the United States government loans. Our banks
suspended specie payments near the close of 1861, with all
other banks in the country. The International Bank in 1864
changed its character to a National Bank, under the laws of
the United States, and became the First National Bank of Port-
land, giving up its State charter.

The aggregate bank capital of the sixty-nine banks in the
State, was eight million eight thousand dollars ; loans, fourteen
million nine hundred and eighty-four thousand dollars; circu-
lation, six million twenty thousand dollars; deposits, six mil-
lion four hundred and twenty-one thousand ; specie, six hund-
red and seventy-eight thousand and forty-three dollars.

The town went on with almost uninterrupted success in its
commercial enterprises, until toward the close of 1807,' when

t Our commerce in common with that of the whole country suffered loss and
vexation from French aggression toward the close of the last century. _ In 1802,
574 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

our inhabitants, in consequence of the suspension of intercourse
with Great Britain in 1806, followed by the embargo in 1807,
were at once cast down from their enviable prosperity. A
number of large ships owned here had been engaged in the
freighting business, and the rest of our navigation which had
been employed in the fisheries and the transportation of lumber
abroad, were now deprived of employment and laid up to decay.
What was spared in this domestic system of protection was
doomed to perish in the conflict for dominion which was raging
between the English and French. In the two years following
1807, the navigation of this port fell off nine thousand tons,
‘and the amount received for duties which in 1806, was three
hundred and forty-two thousand nine hundred and nine dol-
lars, declined in 1808 to forty-one thousand three hundred and
sixty-nine dollars. In 1807 the same intelligent traveler,
whose visit in 1797, we have noticed, thus speaks of our pros-
perous condition; ‘No place in our route hitherto, could for
its improvement be compared with Portland. We found the
buildings extended quite to the cove, doubled in their number,
and still more increased in their appearance. Few towns in
New England are equally beautiful and brilliant. Its wealth
and business are probably quadrupled.”!

The sudden check given to this unexampled prosperity, pros-
trated at once all the fair prospects of our people, and produced
a reverse more gloomy by contrast. The shipping which was
valued, before the embargo, at a million and a half of dollars,
and all the various classes of persons to whom it gave support,

'Dwight’s Travels, vol ii. p. 208. In 1807, the Observatory was erected eighty-
two feet high; the hill at its base is one hundred and forty-one feet above high
water mark: a good telescope was placed in it. The brick academy and the
meeting-house of the third parish were also erected this year.

 

the merchants in this town and vicinity transmitted a petition to Congress, in
which they stated that the losses sustained by them from captures by the French
amounted to five hundred thousand dollars.
COMMERCIAL EMBARRASSMENTS. 515

were thrown out of employment. Eleven commercial houses
stopped payment in the latter part of 1807, among which were
the largest ship-owners, and persons possessing the firmest
credit of anyin town. This was followed next year by a mul-
titude of others, occasioned partly by the same causes which had
produced the former, and partly by the shock given to commer-
cial credit by the preceding failures. Great distress prevailed
throughout this community, most of the laboring classes were
deprived of work, and the people generally were reduced to
the necessity of materially curtailing their expenses.' So en-
tirely paralyzed was commercial business, that the grass literally
grew upon the wharves. The town did not wholly recover from
this severe blow until after the peace of 1815.

Dr. Deane in his valuable diary under the year 1807, says,
“Broken merchants this year, John Taber and Son,. Dr.
Stephen Cummings, Ebenezer Storer, Samuel Stephenson,
Pritchard and Barneville, David Green, Weeks and Son, Jo-
seph McLellan and Son, McLellan and Browne, Daniel Tucker,
and John P. Thurston.’ Other failures followed among the
most considerable of which were, Thomas Webster, one of our
largest ship-owners, Joseph H. Ingraham, the largest owner of
real estate with the exception of William Vaughan, Stevens
and Hovey, Jacob Noyes, Thomas Cross, Samuel Butts, Neal
Shaw, James Fosdick, Munroe and Tuttle, David Hale, Daniel
Johnson, Woodbury Storer, Todd and Worthley, etc.

Taber and Son were Quakers; John, the father, was a tanner
and came here from Vassalborough, and formed a commer-
cial connection with Samuel F. Hussey and Isaiah Hacker.
That was dissolved and he took his son Daniel into partnership.
They had so high a position for honesty and pecuniary ability,
that their promises issued in the shape of bank bills passed as

(In January, 1808, by the influence of some liberal spirited individuals, a soup
charity was established, where the poor of the town were daily supplied wih a

good soup dinner.
576 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

currently as those of any bank. They were called “Taber’s
bills,” and the failure of the firm caused much distress among
the holders of the bills, which were never redeemed. It is said
that when Daniel wanted money, and that was pretty often, he
would issue a batch of Taber’s bills.

Among the large merchants who survived the storm were
Mathew Cobb, Asa Clapp, William Chadwick, Albert Newhall,
Joseph Cross, Ralph Cross, Arthur McLellan, James Deering,
Benjamin Willis, Samuel Trask, Reuben Morton, etc.

The following extracts relating to Portland are taken from
‘Travels through the United States of North America and Can-
ada, in 1795, 1796, and 1797,” by the Duke de la Rochefoucault,
published in London in 1799. He thus speaks of Portland :

Portnanp.—‘I came on Sunday to Portland, and was surprised to find the
Inns so decent and well kept, in a part of the country so remote, and so rarely
visited by travellers.

Portland is situated on a peninsula, which juts out into the bay. I entered it
by the way of the isthmus which connects the peninsula with the land. You
are obliged, in coming from North Yarmouth, to go more than three miles about.’
But a bridge is now building across that arm of the bay, which gives occasion
for the present circuitous approach to the town. The bridge is built by sub-
scription and is half finished.

This town of Portland may be reckoned handsome. That part of it which is
called the new town, really consists of houses of a very good appearance. The
old town, which was burnt by the English in the war that ended in the freedom
of America, is a parcel of mean houses, the habitations of the poorer people.
The quays are few; and under them ships receiving or discharging their ladings
can lie with safety; adjoining, ate spacious store-houses for the reception of
goods.

They are at present constructing, on the site of an old earthern breastwork,
a fortification, which they expect to command the town, and to render it at least
secure from the invasions of an enemy. This new fortification stands at the ex-
treme point of the peninsula on which Portland is established, and consists of
a battery of fifteen or twenty heavy cannon, of large calibre, commanding that
wide entrance of the bay which was above mentioned. This battery is to have
by means of a covered way, a communicatiom with a small fort at a distance of
four or five hundred toises, which it has been thought necessary to erect on the
highest part of the isthmus. The fort is sufficient to hold two hundred men.!

1 This refers to-Fort Sumner which was commenced in 1794 under an appro-
priation made by the general government in March of that year for the defense
A FOREIGNER’S VIEW OF PORTLAND. 577

The trade of Portland is carried on in seventy ships, of various burthens, all
belonging to the town. Many of them sail to Europe, though oftener to the
Antilles, About twenty are engaged in the fishing of cod, which are taken
among the islands at the mouth of the bay.

The merchants of Portland are numerous: but none of them possess great
capital, as Portland, and the parts adjacent, are not equal to the consumption
of the cargoes which the ships import in return for their exports; these are
generally carried to Boston, which is the principal mart for foreign commodi-
ties.

The want of money occasions a greater proportion among them to be sent to the
capital than is for the advantage of the place; and here while the store-houses
of Portland are neglected, the goods which might be bought and sold here, at a
more reasonable rate, are bought by the people of this neighborhood, at an
exorbitant price at Boston.

In 1785 the tonnage of the united townships of Falmouth and Portland,
amounted to five thousand three hundred and forty tons in the foreign trade,
one thousand six hundred and twenty-eight in the fishing and the coasting trade}
in all, six thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine tons. In October, 1795, the

 

of certain harbors. The barracks were erected on the summit of Munjoy’s hill,
surrounded by an earthern embankment beneath which was a deep, dry ditch.
It was connected by a covered way with a battery erected on the southerly
brow of the hill, near where Adams street now passes. Guns were mounted at
both places; but the barracks for the accommodation of the men, and the parade
ground, were within the enclosure on the hill. A company was stationed here
for several years, and in 1809 it was the only fortified position in our harbor
In 1799, Capt. Amos Stoddard took command of the fort; in October, 1802, he
was ordered to the Ohio with his company, which was replaced by another,
under Lieut. Titcomb. The fort and breastwork were kept up until after the
war of 1812, when the forces were withdrawn, and the works were suffered to
goto decay. It was named for Increase Sumner, an honored Judge of the Su-
preme Court of Massachusetts, and Governor of the State from 1797 to the time
of his death in 1799.

Captain Stoddard was a lawyer in Hallowell from 1792 to 1798, when the
war with France having been deciared, he joined the army with a captain's com-
mission: he had served in the army of the revolution three or four years. At
the battle of Fort Meigs in May, 1813, he was wounded by a shell, and died
soon after at the age of fifty-four, having attained the rank of Major in the reg-
ular army. At one time he was commander of Upper Louisiana, and a military
station there. Fort Stoddard was named for him. He wasa man of education
and talents ; he had published in London a work called “The Political Crisis,”
and afterward, “Sketches of Upper Louisiana.” He delivered the 4th of July

oration in Portland, in 1799.
578 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

tonnage of the ships registered for the year, was eight thousand four hundred
and eight tons in the foreign trade; five thousand three hundred and ninety in
the coasting trade and fishing; in all, thirteen thousand seven hundred and
ninety tons. The value of the exports for Portland in 1791, seventy-four thou-
sand eight hundred and four dollars; in 1792, one hundred and five thousand
one hundred and ninety dollars; in 1798, one hundred and forty-six thousand
. nine hundred and twenty-one; in 1794, one hundred and sixteen thousand six
hundred and twelve dollars; in 1795, one hundred and sixty-five thousand six
hundred and eighty-two dollars.

There is, as yet, no regular market for provisions in Portland. This small
though handsome town consists of about three hundred houses which may con-
tain two thousand three handred souls. The presbyterians have here two
churches; the episcopalians, one. Schools have also been established here,
which are said to be pretty good. Lots of ground, for building in the town,
are at a price which may be reckoned high; and land within a mile of the town
costs twenty dollars an acre. Portland is the principal town in the county of
Cumberland, which coatains about twenty-four thousand inhabitants.

In Portland I lodged at the house of Mr. Davis, a young lawyer, whom, as
well as Mr. Lee, I had seen at the house of Gen. Knox, by whom he is much es-
teemed, on account of his agreeable manners, integrity and skill in his profes-

sion.””t

! Daniel Davis, the late solicitor general.
CHAPTER XXI.

DivisioN OF THE TOWN—ITS SIZE AND POPULATION—Post-oFFICE AND Mat~s—STaGes—NEWSPAPERS
ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION—REPRESENTATIVES TO CoNGRESS—FRENCH MANIA—POoLiTICs OF
THE TOWN IN 1703—REeEpuBLICAN Society.

Having ‘anticipated many particulars which belong to a later
period of our history, for the purpose of presenting a connected
view of the growth and commercial character of the town, we
must recur again for other interesting details to the period im-
mediately subsequent to the revolution. After the prelimina-
ries of peace were entered into, and fear of future ‘invasion was
removed, the subject of separating the Neck from the other
part of Falmouth, and forming it into a distinct town, became
a topic of discussion. A geographical division had always ex-
isted, and the people in the two parts, by the pursuit of differ-
ent interests, and still more, by the secession from the ancient
parish of most of the inhabitants who lived in the other sections
of the town, had become gradually alienated from each other.
All the meetings of the town had been held upon the Neck,
and the people there had generally exercised a controlling in-
fluence in municipal affairs ;! and a feeling of jealousy, no
doubt existed, which, aided by the inconvenience to the out in-

! From 1719, the first year in which the town was represented in the General
Court, until Portland was incorporated, but three representatives were chosen
from any other part of the town than the Neck.

,
580 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

habitants of attending town meetings at so great a distance
from the center, prepared the minds of the people for a change.'
There was no difficulty therefore in coming to the resolution
to separate; it only remained to adjust the terms of the disso-
lution. The first meeting for this purpose was held in May,
1783, and votes were passed without opposition assenting to
the measure and settling the terms and boundaries.? But tho
plan was no further prosecuted at that time ; the impoverished
condition of the people, and the desolate state of the Neck, di-
verted all thoughts from the subject, until toward the close of
1785, when a petition praying for the separation was prepared,
signed by the most influential persons in this section of the
town and presented to the General Court at the January ses-
sion, 1786.3. An order of notice was issued to the town return-
able at the May session; at which time a bill was reported
upon the basis of the vote of 1783, which became a law July
4, 1786.4

1 The people on the Neck complained during the war that when the legislature
abated for their benefit half the taxes on the town for 1775, the people of the
other part of the town, being a majority, out voted them and took the benefit of
the abatement to themselves.

2 May 26, 1783. ‘On motion, it was put whether the town would consent that
the Neck should be set off as a separate town, provided they can agree what
bridges the Neck shall support and maintain; it passed in the affirmative. It
was also put whether the town will consent that the Neck should be set off asa
separate town provided they consent to maintain Saccarappa, Pride’s, and Back
Cove bridges; it passed in the affirmative; and the following were laid before
the town as the intended bounds, viz., to begin at the middle of the creek that
runs into Round Marsh, thence north-east to Back Cove creek, thence down the
middle of the creek to Back Cove, thence across said Cove to Sandy Point,
thence round by Casco Bay and Fore river to the first bounds, together with all
the islands that now belong to the first Parish— Town Record.

3 For the petition and order see Appendix XXII.

4 The title of the act is, “An act for erecting that part of the town of Falmouth
commonly called the Neck, into a town by the name of Portland.” There were
one hundred and eighty acres of land north of Back Cove creek, belonging to
the heirs of Moses Pearson, which were made part of the new town, although
beyond the boundary. This isthe estate now partly owned by Jeremiah Dow,
tormerly part of the Brackett farm.
NAME OF THE TOWN. 581

Some diversity of sentiment existed respecting a name for
the new town; Casco and Falmouthport were rivals of the suc-
cessful candidate, and the claims of each were strenuously
urged. For the former it was said that its agreeable sound and
its ancient application to the spot gave it a preference over
every other;' while the name of Falmouthport was strongly
advocated on the ground that by adopting a name now famil-
iarly known, there would be less room for misapprehension and
mistake, than by taking one entirely new, and one which was
not known abroad ; the example of Newburyport was adduced
in favor of this side of the question. The general impression
however was in favor of Portland, although nota voice in
the public paper was lifted up in its support. One writer
only, in closing a communication in which the merit of the
other two was discussed, thus notices it: ‘both these, however,
I expect, must give place to the more acceptable name of Port-
land.”

This appellation was recommended by its local application,
its euphonious sound, and its ancient connection with a part of
our territory. The earliest English name by which the island
now called Bangs’, and the main land in Cape Elizabeth op-
posite to it, were known, was Portland, as was also the main
channel between them, “Portland Sound.” The island contin-
ued to bear the name during the remainder of the century of
its discovery, and the headland on which the light-house now
stands has ever been and is still called ‘Portland head.” It
had been intended by the people in Cape Elizabeth to give this
name to their town, but at the time that precinct was set off,
the government, who usually determined on the name, ap-
plied the title of the Cape to the whole territory.

1Tt was said by those opposed to this name that its English definition was in-
delicate or offensive; others denied this, saying that it meant something pleasant -
or agreeable. Capt. John Preble, a son of the General, who resided sometime
at Penobscot, was familiar with the Indian dialect, and was a public interpreter,
said that Casco meant a Heron, and was applied by the natives to our bay from
its having been the resort of numerous birds of that name.
582 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The first meeting of the inhabitants of the new town was
held at the old meeting-house, then the only one upon the
Neck, on the 9th of August, 1786, and was opened by prayer
from the venerable Smith, then in the eighty-fifth year of his
age, and the fifty-ninth of his ministry. Enoch Freeman was
chosen moderator, and John Frothingham, clerk; John Fox,
Nathaniel Deering, and Peleg Wadsworth, selectmen and over-
seers of the poor, and James Lunt, Ebenezer Preble, and Peter
Warren, assessors.'. Thus was Portland organized and com-
menced its career as a distinct incorporation. In point of
territory it was and still is, the smallest in the State, contain-
ing, exclusive of the part covered by water, one thousand four
hundred and sixty-six acres ;? yet in the number of its vessels
and its commercial activity, it surpassed every town in the dis-
trict. Its population at that time was about two thousand. Fal-
mouth, Gorham, and York were then before it.3

I am indebted to Mr. Goodell, the city engineer, for the above
calculation of the number of acres, and for the following dis-
tances, ascertained by a careful measurement of the coast sur-
vey map, which is confirmed by the estimate of Mr. Howe, civil
engineer; Mr. Goodell estimates the length of the town from
north-east to south-west two and a half miles, its greatest width

1 John Fox was second son of Jabez Fox, and born in Falmouth. In 1777,
he married Sarah Fox, by whom he had eight children; four sons and two
daughters were living in 1837 ; of these, three sons, Daniel, Charles, and John
have since died. He died in March, 1795. He was selectman of the town sev-
eral years, and was the first representative to the General Court from Portland,
to which place he was elected five years. He was also a member of the conven-
tion which adopted the constitution of the United States. The loss of Mr. Fox,
Stephen Hall, and Mr. Deering, who all died the same year, and were active, in-
telligent, and enterprising men, was a severe blow to our community.

2The number of acres which were ieft to Falmouth were fourteen thousand
. nine hundred and eighteen, and to Cape Elizabeth twelve thousand eight hundred
and eighty-one.

3 In 1790 the population of Portland was two thousand two hundred and forty
Falmouth. two thousand nine hundred and ninety-one, York, two thousand nine
hundred, Gorham, two thousand two hundred and forty-four.
PORTLAND AND ITS AREA—DESCRIPTION. 583

at the west end one mile and seven-eighths of a mile, its least
width near the center, one half mile. To the above number of
acres should be added about twenty acres of land made by fill-
ing in at Back Cove and on the fore side.

The area of the harbor proper, that is, the space between
Portland bridge and a line drawn from the north-eastern end
of the breakwater to Fish Point, is six hundred and seventy-
seven acres ; the area above the bridge is about nine hundred
and eighty-eight acres, as given by the commissioners who ex-
amined the harbor in 1854. They also say of Back Cove, that
it is a basin of seven hundred and eighty-seven acres in extent,
of an irregular outline of nearly equal length and breadth ; its
surface is quite level, and is traced by surpentine drains pe-
culiar to horizontal basins, and is ‘nearly bare at mean low
tide. At mean high tide, it is covered to an average depth of
seven anda half fect; at this stage of the tide it contains about
ten million four hundred and forty thousand cubic yards of
water. Moses Gould, a large owner of the flats in the cove,
procured in 1864 a charter, and formed a company of men of
property in our city, for the purpose of filling and improving
a portion of this large area, extending from the shore to
the commissioner’s line. This must become a valuable ad-
dition to the existing territory of the city. Charles Q. Clapp
had previously filled about eleven acres, on which have been
erected numerous brick and wooden buildings, among them
the station-house of the York and Cumberland, and the Ken-
nebec and Portland railroads. Much frequented streets, as
Lincoln, and Kennebec, have been made over this new land.
At each end of the city, the land is considerably elevated; the
summit of Bramhall’s hill is one hundred and seventy-five and
cone half feet above the sea level, and Munjoy’s hill one hund-
red and sixty-one feet. The lowest point of the ridge between
them is at the junction of Congress and Hampshire streets,
where it is fifty-seven feet above the sea.

The latitude at the United States building, occupied for the
584 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

post-office and custom-house, is forty-three degrees, thirty-nine
minutes, and twenty-seven seconds ; the longitude west from
Greenwich, seventy degrees, fifteen minutes, and forty seconds.
Boston in 1847 contained thirteen hundred acres; it orig-
inally had but six hundred; the increase has been occasioned
by filling in the mill-pond and other flats. It has, since 1847,
been largely increased by filling in the Back bay and making
a modern and beautiful city where the tide once freely flowed.
The growth of Boston since the revolution, may be seen by
comparing its population in 1860, being one hundred and sev-
enty-seven thousand eight hundred and forty, with a census
taken by the celebrated lexicographer, Noah Webster in 1786 ;
it was then found to contain fourteen thousand six hundred and
forty inhabitants, occupying two thousand one hundred houses ;
this was but half as large as Portland is now, but seven times as
large as it was then, which had about two thousand inhabitants
residing in about three hundred and twenty-five houses.
Previous to the revolution the mail came at the oftenest but
once a week to this town from the west, but it was by no means
regular. It was not until about 1760 that a weekly mail was
established further east than Portsmouth; before that time it
was not sent until a sufficient number of letters were collected
to pay the expense.! The post-office was kept by Thomas Child
1 The first attempt to give regularity to this establishment in England, was by
act of Parliament in 1660; before that time it was a private undertaking.
The benefit of the system was not extended to North America until 1710, when
a general post-office was established in London for all the British dominions
under one director called a postmaster-general, who had letter offices at Edin-
burg, Dublin, New York, and other convenient places; the deputy postmaster
general for the colonies was to reside in New York. In 1774, by the good man-
agement of Dr. Franklin, deputy postmaster-general, the post-office in America
had been made to produce clear to Great Britain three thousand pounds annu-
ally. In 1680, Massachusetts appointed “John Haywood postmaster of the
whole colony ;” previous to that time, letters had been thrown on the Exchange
in Boston, so that anybody might take them, and many had thus been
lost. In 1689, Richard Wilkins was appointed postmaster by the General Court,
“to receive all letters and to deliver out the same, and to receive on each one

penny.” In New Hampshire a post-office was established by the colony at
Portsmouth, in 1693.
MAIL AND POST-OFFICE. 585

in India street before the revolution, but when it was first es-
tablished here we have not been able to ascertain.'

It was deemed of importance by the provincial Congress of
Massachusetts immediately on their withdrawing from royal
authority, to open lines of communication through the colony.
For this purpose they established in May, 1775, a general post-
office in Cambridge and appointed post-men to ride upon the
principal routes in the province and as far east as Georgetown
in this State. Joseph Barnard was the post-rider between
Portsmouth and Falmouth. There were but three post-offices
provided for Maine, one of which was at Kennebunk, kept by
Nathaniel Kimball, another in this town kept by Samuel Free-
man, the third at Georgetown, of which John Wood was post-
master.’ The rates of postage fixed at this period, were for a
distance not exceeding sixty miles, five and one-quarter pence,
from sixty to one hundred miles, eight pence, from one hund-
red to two hundred miles, ten and one-half pence, from
two hundred to three hundred miles, one shilling and one
penny. The first post-rider under this arrangement, arrived
here Saturday, June 10th, 1775; he continued to transport
the mail until October 7th of that year, the number of letters
not exceeding four or five a week; the number mailed at this
office did not average five a week.’

The General Congress perceiving the benefit to be derived
from a uniform mail establishment throughout the colonies,

1 What the rate of postage was at this time I cannot fully satisfy myself; in
an old book of Mr. Child’s I find Arthur Savage, under date of November 11,
1766, charged with the postage of three single letters to Boston, eight pounds,
which is two pounds thirteen shillings and four pence for each, and several other
charges of two pounds sixteeen shillings for a letter to Boston or from it,

2Mr. Freeman continued postmaster twenty-eight years ; he was removed by
President Jefferson in 1804, and Thomas M. Prentiss appointed in his place.

3 In 1783 the whole number of letters sent from this post-office was but fifly-
seven ; after this time they increased rapidly and amounted in 1785 to several

hundred,

38
586 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

assumed the charge of it in July, 1775, and established a regu-
lar line of posts from Falmouth in Maine to Savannah in
Georgia. Benjamin Franklin was placed at the head of the
department, and the first mail under this system arrived here
October 7,1775. At this period there was but one line on
the whole of this distance, and as late as 1790 but seventy-
four post-offices in the United States.! In January, 1786, the
mail was for the first time in this country, begun to be carried
in coaches from Portsmouth in New Hampshire, to Savannah,
under an act of Congress passed September, 1785. The ad-
vantages of this new arrangement were not extended into Maine
until 1787. In September, 1786, the Postmaster General was
directed to enter into contracts “for the conveyance of the
mails by stage carriages if practicable for one year from Jan-
uary next, from Portland to Savannah.” This arrangement
was carried into effect by the enterprise and great exertions of
the old post-rider, Joseph Barnard, who put upon the road a
wagon drawn by two horses, in January, 1787. This was the
first attempt to carry passengers in this State ; it was thought
a great enterprise, and Mr. Barnard was loudly applauded for
his zeal and activity. ?The mail wagon left Portsmouth in the
morning, reached Kennebunk the first day, Broad’s tavern in
Westbrook the second day, and arrived at Portland on the

1Tn 1832 the number of post-offices in the United States was nine thousand
two hundred and five, the number of miles the mail was transported twenty-three
million six hundred and twenty-five thousand and twenty-one, and the revenue
of the department for one year, ending June, 1832, was two million two hund-
red and fifty-eight thousand five hundred and seventy dollars,

2The following was Barnard’s first advertisement. “Joseph Barnard, stage
proprietor, informs the public that the Portland Mail Stage sets off from Mr.
Motley’s tavern, in this town, every Saturday morning, arrives on Monday at
Portsmouth, where he meets the Boston Stage; leaves Portsmouth on Tuesday
and arrives in Portland on Thursday. . Those Ladies and Gentlemen who choose
this expeditious, cheap and commodious way of stage traveling will please to lodge
their names with Mr. Motley any time previous to the Stage’s leaving his house.
Price for one person’s passage the whole distance twenty shillings, baggage two
pence for every pound above fourteen. Portland, January 26, 1787.”
MAIL AND POST-OFFICE. 587

morning of the third day. It will seem incredible to the pres-
ent generation that the immense mail establishment of the
United States with the innumerable and splendid advantages
of mail and passenger transportation, could have advanced in
so short a period from such humble pretensions.' But this im-
provement in the facilities of communication and traveling is
not confined to the United States. In 1828 the Lord Mayor
of London said “he remembered that in 1780 the first stage
coach was established between London and Maidstone, and the
sluggishness of the conveyance might be guessed at, from the
fact that the coach set out at six in the morning and did not
reach its destination till eight or nine o’clock at night, and
those who traveled so formidable a distance used to take leave
of their friends about a week before.”” Now over the same
roads they are flying by steam with the velocity of fifty miles
an hour.?

In 1788 a new arrangement of the mails was made by which
it came here from Boston three times a week in summer and
twice a week in winter, and was forwarded to Pownalborough
once a fortnight. As late as 1801, the mail was four days
going to Boston, and we had a mail from there but three times
aweek. In August, 1802, Josiah Paine contracted with the

1In 1832 the United States mail was transported in stages sixteen million two
hundred and twenty-two thousand seven hundred and forty-three miles ; in steam-
boats, four hundred and ninety-nine thousand three hundred and one miles; on
horseback and in sulkies, six million nine hundred and two thousand nine hund-
red and seventy-seven miles.

2 Maidstone is thirty-eight miles from London.

Much of the excellence and rapid advance of the stage establishment in Maine
is to be attributed to our enterprising and indefatigable townsman the late Josiah
Paine. He commenced his career as post-rider in 1792, going through the county
of York from Portland once a fortnight. He soon advanced to the head of the
whole establishment in Maine, and infused into it his own onward and determ-
ined spirit, which overcame the wretched state of the roads and the embarrass-
ing materials with which he had to contend, and raised it to be one of the best
lines on the continent. He died in 1825, leaving a large family by his wife, Miss

Stone of Kennebunk.
588 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

P. 0. department to bring the mails daily from Boston in
twenty-seven hours; to leave Boston at four P. M. and reach
Portland next morning at seven o’clock. It is now dispatched
twice a day, performing the distance in five hours.!

In December, 1793, the first attempt was made to carry
passengers from Portland to Hallowell in a sleigh, by Caleb
Graffam. He left Portland on Monday morning at seven
o’clock, reached Wiscasset the next day at one o'clock, and
arrived at Hallowell on Wednesday noon. Mr. Graffam was
employed by Thomas B. Wait, publisher of the Cumberland
Gazette, to convey the newspaper to Hallowell, Wiscasset, and
the intermediate places. He made the tour but once a week
in summer and once a fortnight in winter; and as the mail
went but once a fortnight to Wiscasset at this period, he took
letters from the post-office to deliver on the route under direc-
tion of the postmaster.

The income of the office for several years after its establish-
ment was of no consideration, the highest for eleven years was in
1785, one hundred and three pounds, the lowest in 1780, three
pounds four shillings. During the latter part of Mr. Free-
man’s term the net amount paid from it to the government
with the postmaster’s compensation was as follows, viz.,

1792 to government $340,01 To Mr. Freeman $165,65

1795 « «“ 607,23 « «185,51
1800 « “ 400089 “ 451,48
1804 « “  4167,75 «& & “ — 1044,29

The amount paid to government in one year ending March
31, 1830, was four thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine dol-
lars and eighty-nine cents ; for the year ending March 31, 1832,

1In April, 1785, the mail from Boston was delayed between four and five
weeks, during which time no news was received from the west. Mr. Smith says
“April 29, the Post at last got in here having been hindered near five weeks.”
This delay was owing to the excessive bad roads. In 1802 no papers were

received from Boston, from February 25, to March 8th, on account of the trav-
eling.
MAIL AND POST-OFFICE. 589

four thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven dollars and
ten cents ; and for the year ending June 30, 1861, four thou-
sand three hundred and seventy-one dollars and fifty-seven
cents.' But the business of the office may be better estimated
by the amount of postage on letters and papers which pass
through it. For the year ending March 31, 1832, there were
received for letters delivered at the office six thousand nine
hundred and twenty-six dollars, and for newspapers and pamph-
lets six hundred and sixty-seven dollars, making an aggre-
gate of seven thousand five hundred and ninety-three dollars ;
beside this the amount of postage on letters distributed and
forwarded to other parts of the State was thirty-seven thousand
nine hundred and seventy-nine dollars.*

The first accommodation stage that commenced running
from this town regularly, was in 1818, when it went three
times a week to Portsmouth. There was a line during part of
the war of 1812, when communication by water was interrupted
by British cruisers in the bay; but this was suspended when
peace took place, for want of encouragement. In 1832 the
number of stages that were employed on different routes from
this town was twelve, of which five arrived and departed every
day, and the remainder three times a week; seven carried
mails, the others were accommodation stages.

‘The amount of postage paid to government in the State in the year ending
March 31, 1830, was thirty-one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two dollars
and eighty-three cents. ‘In the year ending June 30, 1862, the receipts by the
government from the post-offices in Maine was two hundred and five thousand
nine hundred and nine dollars and seventy cents; expenditures, two hundred and
eight thousand four hundred and ten dollars. The surplus in the Portland office
for the year ending June 30, 1861, deducting two thousand dollars, postmasters
compensation and incidental expenses, was one thousand three hundred and
seventy-one dollars and fifty cents. The total receipts of the post-office depart-
ment in 1863, was eleven million one hundred and sixty-three thousand seven
hundred and eighty-nine dollars; expenses, eleven million three hundred and
fourteen thousand two hundred and six dollars.

2 This being a distributing office, all the letters for the State pass through it.
590 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The usual mode of traveling even for some years after the
revolution, was on horseback, the roads being too bad, except
in winter, to admit of comfortable passing in any other manner.
The judges and lawyers rode their circuits, and the physicians
and ministers made their visits on horseback. Chaises came
into use here about 1760 for riding about the town and neigh-
borhood; they were not however in general use, nor were
they generally used by those who owned them, but kept like the
Sunday dress, tobe worn only on gala days. Enoch Freeman,
in his memorandum book, under date October 8, 1760, enters,
Simon Gookin for ye horse and chaise to Back Cove, two shil-
lings. The Rev. Mr. Smith purchased a chaise in 1765, and
Dr. Deane in 1766, and the latter mentions in January, 1770,
that he “rode to Joshua Freeman’s and carried his wife behind
' Dr Deane has recorded as a notable fact, in 1769, that
‘“‘at the funeral of Savage’s child there were sixteen chaises in
the procession.”? This was probably the whole or nearly the
whole number owned in town. It was not until about thirty
years after the revolution, that a private fourwheeled carriage
was kept by any person in town. Public hacks, which are now
numerous, did not come into common use until about 1818.3

Those who have come into active life within the last quarter
of a century, can have but a faint conception of the discomforts

him.”’

1 These two chaises may be supposed to be among the earliest; Mr. Deane’s
cost him one hundred and eighty pounds. Joshua Freeman lived at Back Cove
on the farm in the rear of the alms-house, now occupied by Jeremiah Dow.

2 Arthur Savage the controler, who lived in a house which stood in the rear
of the Casco Bank.

3 In 1820 the number of chaises owned in town was ninety, and fourwheeled’

carriages ten. In 1830, chaises, one hundred and one, carriages, sixteen. In
1863 the number of one-horse carriages in the city, returned to the United States
assessors, as exceeding seventy-five dollars in value, was two hundred and sev-
enteen, and of two-horses fifty-seven. We may suppose that the number would

be largely increased by including those valued for taxation under seventy-five
dollars, : :
TRAVELING. 591

of travel in the early part of this century. The roads were
poor and the modes of conveyance not luxurious. A traveler
to Boston for instance, who was desirous of dispatch, even as
late as 1830 or 1840, would take the mail stage which left
Portland at two o’clock in the morning, and if the roads were
in good order, he would reach Boston by ten o’clock at night,
with aching head and bones and at a cost of ten dollars stage
fare. If he took the accommodation stage, he would be two
days on the passage, stopping the first night at Portsmouth;
the stage fare was eight dollars, charges on the road would
make it ten dollars. On the eastern roads it was still worse.
The postman’s horn and his loud rap at the door of persons go-
ing in the mail coach, were heard an hour before the appointed
timejfor starting, that there might be no delay; and the rumbling
carriage would roll up to the houses of the half-waked passen-
gers and pack them in with heavy baggage until the springs
would groan with their weight. How great a change has been
wrought in the ease and rapidity of locomotion by the intro-
duction of steam and the rail.

The movement in favor of railroads began in Massachusetts
as early as 1828, by a report to the legislature, setting forth the
advantages of that mode of transportation. But it took several
years to imbue the public mind with such new and expensive
ideas. The Boston and Lowell company took the lead and
obtained an act of incorporation in 1830; this was followed
next year by charters to the Boston and Providence, and Bos-
ton and Worcester companies. These three important roads
were opened in 1835, and so much exceeded public expectation in
their performance that an increased impetus was given to this
mode of conveyance. The Boston and Maine was incorporated
in 1833: for a while they used fifteen miles of the Lowell road
to Wilmington, and gradually extended their line until it
reached South Berwick in Maine, to which it was opened in
1842, where it joined the Portland, Portsmouth and Saco road,
592 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

which was incorporated in 1837 and opened to Portland in
December, 1842.

The spirit which moved these grand enterprises did not fail
to make an impression in Maine. Our people were desirous
not so much to make facilities for transportation and travel to
Boston, which they conceived would divert trade from us, as
to open easy and cheap communications with the interior and
Canada. For that purpose they procured explorations to be
made. As early as February, 1835, a resolve passed the leg-
islature requesting the senators and representatives from this
State in Congress “to use their influence with the General Gov-
ernment to procure the aid of a corps of engineers for the pur-
pose of surveying a track for a railroad from Portland or some
other point on the sea-board, or connected with the sea-board by
navigable waters, in this State, to some point on the border of
Lower Canada.” In pursuance of this resolve, the United
States government appointed Col. Long, an eminent engineer
of the United States, to make the surveys suggested by the re-
solve. At the same sesssion the Governor was requested to
appoint two individuals to visit Quebec and Canada, to procure
the co-operation of that province in the great undertaking.
Col Long immediately proceeded in his work and before the
next winter he completed it, making a careful examination of
various routes, to determine which was most feasible. The re-
sult of his survey was in favor of a line from Belfast, on Pe-
nobscot bay, to Quebec, as the shortest and most practicable
route from the sea-board. The legislature, in March, 1836,
“Resolved, That the thanks of the legislature of Maine be ten-
dered to Col. Stephen H. Long, for his elaborate and scientific
report of a reconnoissance of the several routes from the
Atlantic to the Canadian frontier, with a view of ascertaining
the most expedient route for a railroad from the seaboard of
Maine to the city of Quebec.” This enterprise died in its
birth and nothing but the able report came from it. The se-
vere commercial crisis of 1837-1839, checked all progress in
RAILROADS. 593

internal improvements : but in 1839 the spirit was revived, and
a strong effort was made by the people of Portland to open bet-
ter communications with the interior. They applied to the
legislature in 1839, and obtained an appropriation of four
thousand dollars for a survey of a route from Portland to Lake
Champlain, the city to pay one-fifth part of the expense; the
survey was made that summer by William L. Dearborn, civil
engineer, and was found to possess great advantages and facil-
ities for the track, and a prospect of opening a new and large
trade with Vermont and the lake country. But this too failed
for want of perseverance and money.

The next enterprise of the kind was, by the unremitted cour-
age, confidence, and perseverance of its friends, amidst untold
difficulties, a perfect success. The plan of a railroad from
Portland to Montreal was first seriously entered upon in the
autumn of 1844, and a charter for the Atlantic and St. Law-
rence railroad was obtained February 10,1845. Judge Preble
and John A. Poor immediately proceeded to Canada, and by
extraordinary exertions and good judgment, secured the co-
operation of the Canadian government and people in the gigan-
tic task of connecting by iron bands the Atlantic ocean with
the St. Lawrence and the great Lakes. Subscriptions to the
stock were readily obtained to the amount of near a million dol-
lars in Portland and vicinity, and on the 4th of July—auspi-
cious day—the work was commenced; and as Judge Preble,
president of the corporation, threw out the first shovel-full of
earth at Fish Point at the entrance of Portland harbor, the air
was filled with shouts of congratulation from an immense as-
semblage of persons present on the interesting occasion. The
people and the city of Portland entered enthusiastically into
this grand improvement and pledged their labors and fortunes
for its accomplishment. The work was pushed steadily on and
the first twelve miles, the most difficult and expensive of the
whole route, was opened to North Yarmouth in July, 1848,
and twenty-four miles further, to Minot, in good advancement.
594 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Here Judge Preble’s connection with the road, as president,
ceased, and Josiah S. Little became his successor. The work
was earnestly and steadily pressed forward, and the friends of
the undertaking had the crowning satisfaction of seeing the
ocean and the river united by iron bonds of friendly intercommu-
nication, over a space of two hundred and ninety-two miles, early
in 1853. The line has since been extended to Sarnia on Lake
Huron, a distance of seven hundred and ninety-four miles, and
to Detroit eight hundred and sixty miles from Portland, on one
uniform guage of five and a half feet, under the control and
management of one company, with branches from Richmond to
Quebec, one hundred miles, and from Quebec to Trois Rivieres,
one hundred and fifty-three miles, beside the two roads which
connect with it in Maine, viz., the Buckfield branch, and the
Maine Central extending from Danville to Bangor, one hundred
and eight miles.

In addition to this inexhaustible auxiliary to the trade and
commerce, there are lesser lines of railroad leading from the
city. The York and Cumberland, incorporated 1846, opened
18538, extending eighteen miles to Saco river in Buxton; the
Kennebec and Portland, opened for travel in 1851, extending
sixty miles to Augusta, with a branch nine miles from Bruns-
wick to Bath, and connected with the Androscoggin at Bruns-
wick, which reaches to Farmington, seventy-five miles, and
connected also with the Somerset and Kennebec road, thirty-
seven miles in length, terminating at Skowhegan. These
grand lines of easy, safe, and cheap intercommunication with
the country, have enlarged the traffic of Portland, and largely
increased the friendly and social, as well as the commercial
intercourse between our city and the interior of the State ; and
while this has added to the various branches of industry and
profit in the large market, it has also greatly increased the
value of farms and agricultural labor by furnishing rapid and
cheap facilities of transportation.

The opening of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence railroad having
COMMERCIAL STREET. 595

its station at the deep water of the harbor, rendered necessary,
or at least expedient, a more direct and easy communication
across the city to the terminus of the railroad leading to Bos-
ton and the west. The subject was agitated in the spring of
1852, under a proposition from the Atlantic and St. Lawrence
railroad company, to make the road from their station, at the
eastern end of the town to the station of the Portland, Saco,
and Portsmouth railroad company at the west end, about a mile
in length, and one hundred feet wide, over tide water, and
across the heads of the wharves, provided the city would lay
out the road and pay the land damages. The subject was dis-
cussed with great earnestness in the papers and the street cor-
ners, in which the advantages to be derived to the city by such
a spacious avenue, in connection with all the wharves, was
clearly and fully set forth. The argument of the opposition,
faint and feeble, was founded on the expense of increased taxa-
_tion to the people. At length a meeting of the citizens was
called to express the public sentiment on the subject, which,
after debate, adopted, with great unanimity, a vote that the
proposed street ‘will be of great public convenience and neces-
sity, and that the interest and welfare of the city require that
said street should be immediately located by the city council.”
The street was accordingly located, and measures immediately
taken to construct it. In 1852 it was nearly completed, and
several brick stores of large size and capacity, and of a sub-
stantial and handsome quality, were erected, and the rails con-
necting the two stations, laid, before the close of that year.
The expense to the city in the form of damages, was eighty
thousand dollars, exceeding considerably the original estimate.
The road as located in April, 1850, was five thousand nine
hundred and ninety-three feet in length, and one hundred feet
in width and named Commercial street ; twenty-six feet near
the center was reserved for the railway. It is now adorned
with some of the finest stores and warehouses in the country ;
596 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in 1863, the city commenced paving it, which has greatly im-
proved its character.

The enlargement of dry land and building lots was in-
creased in the rear, as well as front of the city, about the same
time. In 1853, Kennebec street was located over the flats at
Back Cove from the foot of Pearl street to Deering’s bridge,
seventy feet wide, running north of the station-house of the
York and Cumberland railroad ; this furnishes an easy access
to the central part of the town. In 1855, Lincoln street.was
located, fifty feet wide, and has been made from Chestnut street
to Fremont street, which was laid out in 1857 from Oxford to
Fox street, partly over the flats. These noble arteries of traffic
and pleasure, have largely increased the facilities of business
and the comforts of a residence in the city, and enhanced the
aggregate value of taxable property. Improvements are con-
stantly going on in Back Cove, by filling in the flats, making
streets, and erecting buildings. A company composed of men
of property, has been incorporated under the name of the
“Portland Union Railway and Back Bay Land Co.” to make
these improvements, a part of which is to form a connection
around the eastern end of Munjoy’s hill with Commercial street,
by an equally spacious avenue. The materials for filling the
cove are ample and at hand, and the work is making progress.

Connected with the subject of mails and post-offices is that
of the public press, the progress of which is equally interesting.
The first newspaper established in Maine, was the “Falmouth
Gazette and Weekly Advertiser,” the first number of which was
issued in this town Saturday, January 1, 1785. It was pub-
lished once a week by Benjamin Titcomb and Thomas B. Wait,
on a demi-sheet.' It continued to bear this name until April,

1 Mr. Titcomb was the fourth son of Deacon Benjamin Titcomb, and Anue,
daughter of Moses Pearson; he was born in Portland, July 26, 1761, and.died
in Brunswick, September 30, 1848, the last survivor of Deacon Titcomb’s children.
From the common pursuits of life, without particular preparation, he became a
baptist and the leader of the first society of that denomination here, in 1801. In
NEWSPAPERS. 597

1786, when it was changed to the “Cumberland Gazette” and
was published by Mr. Wait alone. In 1792 it underwent an-
other alteration, and January 2, of that year, it appeared in a
larger form under the name of the ‘“‘Kastern Herald.” Previ-
ous to this change, Mr. Titcomb had set up another paper in
opposition to Wait, called the “Gazette of Maine,” the first
number of which was published October 8, 1790. Some dis-
satisfaction existed at this time against Mr. Wait by a number
of respectable people, who took offense at the freedom of his
remarks and at his advocating for office some candidates who
were not popular with the majority in town.

There were at this time no party lines of division like those

 

1804 he moved to Brunswick to take charge of a new society in that place as
their pastor. In 1786 he married Mary Fairfield, a danghter of the Rev. John
Fairfield of Saco, the grandfather of Gov. John Fairfield. By her he had sev-
eral children. Mr. Wait was born in Saugus, Massachusetts, and came here in
1784 from Boston, where he had been connected in the publication of the Chron-
icle. He was a man of ardent temperament, strong mind, and great firmness and
independence of character. He did much service to this community, in procur-
ing the establishment of post-offices and mail routes, and in diffusing information.
In the early part of his residence here, he was very popular, and had great as-
cendency over public opinion; he was earnest and persevering in whatever he
undertook and honest in his purposes. An exciting controversy took place in
the early part of the century in regard to the establishment of a regular theater
here: Mr. Powell and his wife, who was an accomplished actress, were in the
habit of bringing a company here in the summer, and performing plays in the old
Union hall on Free street. It was proposed to build a theater for them, more
convenient for the company and the audience. This was strenuously resisted by
Woodbury Storer the elder, Deacon Freeman, and other influential citizens, and
earnestly advocated by Mr. Wait, and other friends of the drama. Town meet-
ings were held on the subject and much feeling was manifested on both sides.
In this state of public feeling, the erection of a building at that time for theat-
rical performances, was abandoned. After a residence here of about thirty years,
Mr. Wait returned to Boston, where he died in 1830. He lived a large part of
the time when here, in a house which stcod on the corner of Elm_and Congress
streets, which was burnt; part of the Deering block now stands on the lot. His
son, William, now a respected and influential citizen of Illinois, was born in that
house, March 5, 1789. It was the Gookin house, and was moved from a court
running northerly from Middle street where the Jose block now is, about the
time Court street was opened.
598 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of the present day, but differences grew out of the local situation
and individual character of candidates, which caused excite-
ments as violent as those founded on difference of political
sentiment. At this particular period a warm canvass had been
carried on for member of Congress in Maine, the whole territory
composing but one district. The candidates were George
Thatcher of Biddeford, then sitting member, Josiah Thatcher
of Gorham, Nathaniel Wells of Wells, and Wm. Lithgow of
Georgetown. Mr. Wait earnestly supported the re-election of
George Thatcher, against whom a large majority of the people
in this town were opposed. The contest was maintained with
much. virulence and personality, during which Mr. Wait was
persoually assaulted, Daniel George and Daniel Davis threat-
ened with personal injury, and Samuel C. Johonnot, an ac-
complished lawyer, driven out of town. There never has been,
since that time, more personal abuse during any canvass, than
that election excited.' It was during this controversy that the
Gazette of Maine had birth, and sustained by the opposi-
tion to Wait, it continued its existence until Sept., 1796,
when John Kelse Baker, who had been an apprentice to
Mr. Wait, purchased the two establishments, and issued,
instead of the two papers, one published semi-weekly, called the
“ Hastern Herald and Gazette of Maine.’ The price of the
semi-weekly paper was two dollars and a half, and the list of
subscribers, when they were transferred to Baker, contained

'The votes returned from this town, were for Wells sixty-five, Josiah
Thatcher twenty-three, George Thatcher twenty one, Lithgow one. George
Thatcher was chosen-on the 4th trial by a majority of sixty votes.

2 The principal contributors to the early papers were Judge Thatcher, Wm
Symmes, Daniel Davis, Johonnot, and Paul Langdon. Daniel George and Jonas
Clark were poetical correspondents. George came here from Newburyport in
1784 or ’85. There as well as here, he published Almanacs, the first he issued
here was for, 1786. IIe was a man of genius, was exceedingly deformed, so
that he was moved from place to place in a small carriage drawn by a servant.
He was.a printer, but kept school in Pertland and also a small book-store in
Exchange street. Te died in 1804.
’

NEWSPAPERS, 599

seventeen hundred names. About a year before entering into
this arrangement, Mr. Baker had been publishing at Hallowell
a weekly paper called the “ Toesin,”’ which was successor to
the “‘ Eastern Star.” There was at the same time another
paper published at Augusta by Peter Edes, who had gone there
a short time before from Boston. There were now, 1796, three
newspapers printed in the State, which contained at that period
a population of about one hundred and twenty-five thousand.
In three or four months after Baker had united the two
presses, another paper called the “ Oriental Trumpet” was
set up in opposition to the Herald, by John Rand, who had
been an apprentice to Mr. Wait. And in April, 1798, Eleazer
A. Jenks, another of Mr. Wait’s apprentices, established a
second weekly paper under the name of the “ Portland Ga-
zette.’ This competition made it necessary for Baker to
suspend the publication of the semi-weekly Herald, and he
continued it weekly until 1800; he was succeeded in the
proprietorship by Daniel George, who published it till 1804,
when it ceased to exist, having survived the Oriental Trumpet
several years.' In 1805 Isaac Adams and Wm. Jenks, Jr., suc-
ceeded Eleazer A. Jenks in the proprietorship of the Gazette :
this establishment has lived through various changes of name
and proprietorship and of fortunes until the present time.?
In 1823 it was issued semi-weekly, and soon after took the
name of “ Portland Advertiser,” to which the old title, the
Gazette of Maine, was afterward appended. On the first of
January, 1831, the proprietors, John and William E. Edwards
issued from the same press a ‘ Daily Advertiser,” which is still
continued. This is the oldest newspaper press now existing in
this State, and uniformly advocated the doctrines espoused by

1 Rand, after he relinquished his paper, went to sea and died on his first

voyage.

2 This is the Old Portland Gazette of which we hear so much in the modern

politics of the town.
*

600 ; HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the federal and whig schools of politicians, until the rebellion
deranged old party organizations.

In 1798 the Castine Gazette was established in Castine by
Daniel 8. Waters. Isaac Story, a young lawyer of promise in
that town, was a principal contributor.

On September Ist, 1803, the “ Eastern Argus” was first
published at two dollars a year ; it was commenced by Calvin
Davis and Nathaniel Willis, Jr., in support of the measures of
Mr. Jefferson’s administration. It continued to be published
weekly until Sept. 30, 1824, when it was issued semi-weekly,
and in 1832 tri-weekly. Its proprietors, since Mr. Willis left
the management of it in 1808, have been Francis Douglass,
Thomas Todd, Seba Smith, Charles Holden, and others. Its
present editor is John M. Adams.' It has always supported
the cause of democracy. In 1806 the ‘“ Freeman’s Friend,” a
neutral paper, was established by J. McKown, but as those
were belligerent times, neutrals could not live ; in a few years
it ceased to exist.

In 1803, ‘«* The Annals of the Times ’’ was commenced and
continued two years in Kennebunk ; and March 20, 1805, the
first number of the “ Kennebunk Gazette” appeared at that
place.

The first daily paper established in Portland was the “ Daily
Courier,” the publication of which was commenced October
18, 1829, under the editorial care of Seba Smith, Jr., and is
still continued. There were published in this town, in 1833,
two daily, one tri-weekly, one semi-weekly, and nine weekly
papers.”

'Mr. Willis moved to Boston in 1808 and took charge of the Boston Recor-
der, and is living in 1864, at the age of 84. His son, N. P. Willis, the popular
author, was born in Portland in 1806. Mr. Willis married the widow of Francis

Douglass, for his second wife. Mr. Douglass died in 1820. While Todd man-
aged the paper, the principal writers were Seba Smith, Ashur Ware, and F.
0. J. Smith.

? These papers were as follows, viz: Evening Advertiser, Daily Courier, Port-
land Advertiser, Eastern Argus, Christian Mirror, Zion’s Advocate, Maine
NEWSPAPERS. 601

The following papers were published in Portland, in 1860 :
Portland Advertiser, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, having a
circulation of four thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine.
Eastern Argus, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, circulation five
thousand one hundred and eighty-four. Evening Courier,
daily, one thousand. Transcript, a literature paper, weekly,
circulation eleven thousand. Christian Mirror, weekly, circu-
lation two thousand five hundred. Zion’s Advocate, weekly,
circulation three thousand. Temperance Journal, one thousand
six hundred and eighty. Pleasure Boat, two thousand. Sons
of Temperance, one thousand. Crystal, Masonic, semi-month-
ly, one thousand six hundred. Portland Monthly, Miscellany,
Swedenborgian, ten thousand. Maine Teacher, monthly, two
thousand.

Since that time, some important changes have taken place
in the newspaper press of this city. The “Portland Daily
Press” was established in 1862, as an organ of the republican
party, and supporter of the existing administration, which the
Advertiser had abandoned ; the proprietors also issue a weekly
paper ; the circulation of these papers rapidly increased to the
dimensions of that of the Advertiser, and it is now larger
than any other political paper in the State. ‘The Northern
Monthly” has taken the place of the “Maine Teacher,” and the
Pleasure Boat now sails under a new name and new colors.

Among the topics of a political nature which agitated the
public mind soon after the revolution and became the subject
of newspaper discussion, was the adoption of the Constitution
of the United States. Our people had not taken much interest
in this question until the time arrived for choosing delegates
to the convention called to ratify the instrument. Communi-
cations from place to place were not so frequent nor so rapid

 

Wesleyan Journal, Family Reader, Sabbath School Instructor, Portland Courier
and Mechanic, Christian Pilot. The whole number of newspapers printed in
the State in April, 1833, was forty-four.

39
602 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

as at the present time, and the public mind was not so easily
brought to bear upon political subjects. Joseph McLellan and
John Fox were chosen by this town delegates to the conven-
tion, and Major Daniel Ilsley, who then lived at Back Cove,
and Gen. John K. Smith of Stroudwater, were members from
Falmouth.

The vote on the final question was taken in the convention
February 6, 1788, and the constitution was ratified by a ma-
jority of nineteen, the vote being one hundred and eighty-seven
to one hundred and sixty-eight. There were but three of the
thirteen delegates from this county who voted in the negative,
viz., Messrs. Ilsley and Longfellow of Gorham, and Widgery
of New Gloucester.!

Great doubt and anxiety existed among the friends of the
constitution as to its ratification by the requisite number of
States, and when New Hampshire, the ninth State, gave her
assent to it June 21,1788, there was general joy over the
country. Immediately on the news being received in this town,
a number of respectable gentlemen assembled at a public house
and had an entertainment, at which thirteen toasts were drank,
each one accompanied by the discharge of cannon. The joyous
event was also celebrated ‘“‘by the ringing of belles: routual
congratulations, and federal huzzas.”’

Previous to 1792, the whole of Maine had constituted but
one congressional district, and had been represented by George
Thatcher of Biddeford, both under the old confederation and
since the adoption of the constitution. In 1792, our State was
divided into three districts, from each of which a representa-
tive to Congress was to be chosen by the aggregate majority in
all the districts. This mode was found to be exceedingly in-
convenient in practice, causing great diversity of sentiment in

1 Mr. Widgery and many others of the minority members addressed the con-
vention after the vote was declared, and pledged themselves to a hearty support
of the constitution. Mr. Widgery took an active part in the debates: he was a
delegate from New Gloucester.
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 603

regard to the candidates and frequent ballotings. It was there-
fore, before the next election, altered to the present system of
choosing the representative by the votes of the district in which
he resides.

The first election of three representatives took place in No-
vember, 1792; there were fourteen candidates for Cumberland,
and as might have been expected, there was no choice.! At
the third trial Peleg Wadsworth was chosen by a large ma-
jority over Daniel Davis, the only opposing candidate, although
in this town the vote stood for Davis one hundred and twenty-
four, and for Wadsworth thirty-seven. Both were federalists.
General Wadsworth was successively re-elected until 1806,
when he declined being a candidate.”

In 1806 Major Daniel Ilsley was chosen to supply Gen.
Wadsworth’s place by a small majority over Ezekiel Whitman,
who then lived at New Gloucester.? In 1808, political excite-
ment raged very high; our people were laboring under the
pressure of the restrictive system, and the opposition to Mr.
Jefferson’s administration was active and violent. The votes
of this district were more than doubled for member of Congress,
and resulted in the election of Mr. Whitman over Mr. Ilsley
by about three hundred majority.‘

1'The vote in Portland was as follows: Josiah Thatcher, thirty-two; Peleg
Wadsworth, thirty; Daniel Davis, twenty-five; John Fox, sixteen; William
Widgery, fifteen; Samuel Freeman, eleven; Stephen Hall, five; Jolin Wait
three ; John May, three; Stephen Longfellow, two; William Martin, one. In
York, George Thatcher was chosen on the first trial, and in Lincoln, Henry

Dearborn on the second.

2In 1798 a public dinner was given to Gen, Wadsworth on his return from
Congress by the citizens of this town as a mark of their approbation of his offi-

cial conduct.

3 The vote in this town was for Whitman three hundred and sixteen, Ilsley two
hundred and twenty-seven.
4The result of the ballot in this town was for Whitman five hundred and thirty-

six, Ilsley two hundred and twenty.
604 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

William Widgery succeeded Mr. Whitman in 1810, who
after one term was superseded by George Bradbury, his vote
in favor of the war having transferred the small majority which
had elected him into the scale of his opponent. Mr. Bradbury
was chosen a second time in 1814; he was succeeded in 1816
by Ezekiel Whitman, who held the seat by successive re-elec-
tions until 1822, when on his appointment as Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas, he resigned it, and Mark Harris was chosen
for the remainder of the term. Mr. Harris was a hatter by
trade; he was born in Ipswich and came here with his brother
William about 1800, and opened a large grocery store, doing
an extensive business. He was State treasurer four years,
1828, 1829, 1832, and 1835. He died in New York, March
2, 1843, aged sixty-four. Stephen Longfellow was chosen the
next term and was followed in 1824 by John Anderson,
who held the seat by successive elections until 1838. He
was succeeded by F. O. J. Smith, who was chosen for three
terms to 1839. He was followed by Albert Smith, one term,
William P. Fessenden, one term, Robert P. Dunlap, two terms,
A. W.H. Clapp, one term, N.S. Littlefield, John Appleton,
and Moses McDonald, one term each, John M. Wood, two
terms to 1859. Daniel E. Somes, John N. Goodwin, one term
each to 1863, and the present member L. D. M. Sweat. John
Lynch of Portland was elected in 1864, for the succeeding
term. All these resided in Portland except Dunlap, Littlefield,
McDonald, Somes, and Govodwin. Of the senators from Maine
since the separation, but three were inhabitants of Portland,
viz., Albion K. Parris, Ether Shepley, and William P. Fessen-
den.

Maine during her connection with Massachusetts, was favored
but once with a representative in the senate of the United
States; this was just previous to the separation, when Prentiss
Mellen in 1818 was elected to supply the place vacated by Eli
P. Ashman.

The strong party divisions which have distracted the coun-
POLITICAL PARTIES. 605

try for nearly seventy years, did not display themselves until
the commencement of the wars which grew out of the French
revolution. Prior to that time a warm and deep interest had
been taken by the people of our republic in the revolution of
France, and the most ardent sympathy was felt and expressed
by all classes of our people in the great cause in which she was
engaged. Its similarity to our revolution, and the assistance
which she had effectually rendered to us, enlisted the sincere
aspirations of the freemen on this side of the Atlantic for her
success. On this subject a sort of mania prevailed which car-
ried the devotion so far as to realize the truth of the remark
that there is but a step from the sublime to the ridiculous.
French fashions, French phrases and manners were caught at,
and imitated as though they were themselves the substance of
liberty. Our town was not free from the infection ; we find
by the papers that the birthday of Washington in 1792, was
celebrated by a supper at citizen Motley’s, at which citizen
Nath’l F. Fosdick presided, and that artillery was discharged
under the direction of citizen Weeks. In another paper we
have a communication addressed to citizen Wait, the editor,
noticing a similar meeting at citizen Cleaves’s in Saco.

But the wild and licentious course pursued by the people of
France dispelled the hopes which were entertained by the pat-
riots on this side of the water of the regeneration of that
delightful land, and of Europe; and the policy which the ad-
ministration of our country deemed it necessary to pursue in
the war which followed, changed the current of feeling which
had existed and brought down upon that administration a se-
vere and bitter opposition.

The people of this town in that emergency were decidedly
favorable to the policy of Washington; in 1793, they heartily
responded ina public meeting to his proclamation of neutrality,
and supported the vigorous measures by which that act, so
- well calculated to preserve us from entangling alliances, was
enforced. In 1794, Congress appropriated one hundred and
606 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

seventy-two thousand six hundred and ninety-eight dollars to
put the harbors on this eastern coast in a state of defense, and
an engineer was sent to this town to superintend the construc-
tion of fortifications rendered necessary by the threatening
aspect of affairs.! A law was also passed by Congress, order-
ing eighty thousand minute men to be raised from the militia
to be ready to march at a minute’s warning. The proportion
of this force required of Maine, was two thousand six hundred
and twenty-six men, who were raised with the greatest alacrity
by voluntary enlistment, and formed into one division under
the command of General Ichabod Goodwin of Berwick. In
this town the zeal in the service was so strong that alter the
number was filled, considerable offers were made to those who
had been enrolled, for an opportunity to take their places.”
The firmness of the administration carried us safely through
the trials of that period. But although there was considerable
unanimity on these measures, there was still a large class in
the country who were strongly opposed to them; and it was
to raily these persons and to give strength to the opposition
that clubs were formed in many places, called republican so-
cieties. One of them was established here in the summer of
1794 ; the leading members of which were John Baker, Major
Bradish, Wm. McLellan, and Samuel Dunn, who held monthly
meetings, at which suppers were furnished at a house in Free
street. The society maintained so rigidly the doctrine of
routine in office, that they provided by their constitution that
the chairman should be chosen monthly. The members of
the societies continued to retain a warm attachment to France,
notwithstanding the waywardness of her political course, and
thought our government was bound by justice and the obli-

'The name of the engineer was Col. Rochfortaine; while he was proving some
pieces of ordnance in July, 1794, on Munjoy’s hill, an eighteen pound cannon
burst and killed Andrea Zeldstedt, captain of a Swedish vessel lying in the
harbor, and wounded Jeremiah Colby.

2Bastern Herald, October 6, 1794.
HARBOR DEFENSES. 607

gation of treaties to assist her against the armed alliance of
kings against whom she was singly contending.

Under the law of 1794 above mentioned, Fort Sumner was
constructed, as I have described on a former page, and was the
only fort which existed until 1809. The defenses now guarding
our harbor are, Fort Preble on Spring Point in Cape Elizabeth,
Fort Scammel, opposite, on House Island, and Fort Gorges on
Hog Island ledge. The latter is in progress of construction,
and nearly completed, under charge of Capt. Casey of the U.
S. Engineer Corps. When all the armament which it is de-
signed to receive in its several tiers and in barbette, is in place,
it will contain one hundred and ninety-five guns of fifteen,
ten, and eight-inch calibre, including some thirty-two pound-
ers, and will be a most formidable battery, bearing advanta-
geously upon the harbor and the entrance to it.

Forts Preble and Scammell, named for two very renowned
officers, Commodore Preble of the navy,and Colonel Alexander
Scammell of revolutionary memory, were commenced in 1808,
and finished according to the original plan, before the war of
1812. Fort Preble originally held but eleven or twelve guns,
and Fort Scammell nine guns, and would afford no protection
to the town under the modern system of war. They are now,
1864, undergoing a most thorough renovation and large ex-
tension, and when the present plan is carried out, will contain
as follows, viz., Fort Preble, two fifteen-inch guns, twenty ten-
inch, twenty-two eight-inch, ten thirty-two pounders, eight
twenty-four pounders, ten field guns and mortars, making sev-
enty-two pieces; it is now ready for thirty-six guns. Fort
Scammell is fitted for seventy-one pieces, viz., one fifteen-inch,
thirty-eight ten-inch, eighteen thirty-two pounders, seven twelve
pounder block-house guns, and seven mortar and field pieces.
On the completion of the forts, the defense of the harbor will
consist of two hundred and ninety formidable pieces in the
best style of modern gunnery. In addition to which it is pro-
posed, in time of need, to erect batteries on Fish Point, and
other available positions upon the contiguous islands.
CHAPTER XXII.

Courts—Court-nouses AND JatLs—INrERIon CourtT—Supenion CourT—LAw AND LAWYERS—CaP
ITAL TRIALS—DECREASE OF CRIME.

The whole territory of Maine formed but one county until
1760, when the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln were es-
tablished; the former embraced the present counties of Cum-
berland and Oxford, the latter all the country east of them.
On this occasion a term of the Superior Court was first granted
to Cumberland, and held in Falmouth in June, for the coun-
ties of Cumberland and ,Lincoln; the records of the court,
however, were still kept in Boston. The Inferior Court and
Court of “General Sessions of the Peace,’ had been held in
Falmouth once a year since 1735. The first term of these
courts was established here in 1736, William Pepperrell of
Kittery, being chief justice. The Inferior Court consisted of
four judges; the Sessions was composed of all the justices in
the county,' and they were “‘empowered to hear and determine
all matters relating to the conservation of the peace and pun-
ishment of offenders,” grant licenses, lay out highways, etc.
This court continued until 1808, when it was abolished, and a
court consisting of five justices was established in its place.
The Inferior Court was established in 1699 and was continued

1 These two courts were held at the same time and place: in 1747, October 6,
Mr. Smith says, “I prayed with the conrt P.M. Justice Came drunk all day.”
COURTS OF THE STATE. 609

until 1811, when it yielded to the circuit system, by which the
Commonwealth was divided into six circuits, of which the coun-
ties of York, Cumberland, and Oxford formed one. Each
circuit had a chief justice and two associate justices. This
continued until after the separation from Massachusetts, when
in 1822 a court of Common Pleas was established, consisting of
a chief and two associate justices whose jurisdiction extended
over the whole State. The judges first appointed were Ezekiel
Whitman of Portland, chief, Samuel E. Smith of Wiscasset,
and David Perham of Bangor, associates. The Common Pleas
or intermediate court continued until 1852, when it was abol-
ished and its jurisdiction transferred to an enlarged Supreme
Court.

As early as 1733 the inconvenience of attending court at
York by people in this part of the country, was so severely felt
that the town authorized the selectmen to join the neighboring
towns ina petition to the General Court to divide the county
or have the courts held further east, and it was in consequence
of this effort that a term of the court was extended here.'
There was no court-house and no regular place for holding the
courts before the revolution; they were generally held at the
town-house at the foot of Middle street, sometimes at the meet-
ing-house, at others in one of the taverns, but always with one
exception upon the Neck.? A large and handsome court-house
was commenced by the county in 1774, on the spot where the
town-house had stood, which had been moved to Hampshire
street, than called Greele’s lane, to make room for it; this was

1 In 1735, June, the legislature appointed the Inferior Court to be held at York
and Falmouth alternately in January and October. The judges were Samuel
Came, Timothy Gerrish, Joseph Moody, and Jeremiah Moulton ; John Leighton
was sheriff: they all resided west of Saco river.

2“October 4, 1743. The court this year is kept at Purpooduck on pretence of
no tavern this side.’—Smith’s Journal. In 1776, Alice Greele charged ten shil-
lings six pence for a room for the use of the court; in 1777, ler bill was two
pounds eight shillings.
610 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

nearly completed, when it perished in the conflagration of the
town.!

The frame of the second court-house was raised on the lot
where the new City Hall stands, in October, 1785, and fin-
ished next year; it was two stories high with a belfry, and
was forty-eight feet by thirty-four; the courts were held in
the second story, the first was an open hall. This was re-
moved to Court, now the upper part of Exchange street, in
1816,2 and the center of a new court-house was erected on its
site the same year. In 1831 two wings were added, each about
twenty feet in width, and projecting a little beyond the line of
the front, to enlarge the public offices and to furnish jury rooms
and lobbies up-stairs. The addition gave an improved appear-
ance to the front, and it was a well proportioned and beautiful
building, furnishing convenient and safe apartments for the
courts, the public offices, and the municipal court of the
city.2 This too, after a quarter of a century of use, had to give
place to modern improvement. In 1858 the city concluded
to erect upon the lot of land owned principally by the county,
a structure which would furnish all needed accommodations
for the public offices of the city, ample rooms for the courts,
and county uses, and at the same time apartments sufficiently
spacious to receive the legislature and executive government
of Maine, ifit should please them at any time to hold their

' This building was fifty-four feet by fifty, and was crowned with a belfry; the
erection was superintended by Stephen Longfellow, Esq., then clerk of the
court.

2The building was sold to the Union Society of christians, who occupied it
until 1827, when they sold it; it now stands in Green street, and is occupied as.
a soap and candle manufactory, by John Hull, Its form is unchanged.

3The original dimensions of the building were sixty by fifty feet, two stories
high and built of brick; the front was finished by a pediment, supported by six
columns and pilasters and surmounted by a belfry, on the spire of which was a
nicely adjusted pair of scales to indicate what ought to be going on below. The
building committee were Richard Hunnewell, Barrett Potter, and Albert New-
hall; the whole cost including the additions, was twenty-three thousand dollars.
COURT-HOUSE AND JAIL. 611

sessions in Portland. The lot was then covered by the court-
house of 1831, a wooden building occupied by city offices, the
county jail, and jailer’s dwelling-house. On the 31st of March,
1858, the county commissioners and the city government, by
their committee, entered into an indenture, by which the county
leased to the city for the term of nine hundred and ninety-nine
years, at a nominal rent, the lot of land on the northerly side
of Congress street, bounded north-easterly by Myrtle street,
and south-westerly by land of Nicholas Emery, with all the
buildings standing thereon. As a consideration for the grant,
the city were to provide accommodations for the county courts
and offices, during the time of constructing the new building ;
and during the term of the lease, were to furnish all rooms neces-
sary for the use of the courts and of the county, free of charge,
and keep the same in good repair. A plan of a suitable struc-
ture was procured, to be built of brick on a basement of gran-
ite, at an estimated cost of eighty thousand dollars. The next
city council, under the mayoralty of Jedediah Jewett, essen-
tially altered the design first proposed, purchased an additional
lot of land, enlarged the plan, provided for a dome, and changed
the material of the front from brick to the Albert sandstone,
procured in the Bay of Fundy.

The plan and alterations were designed and drawn by the
architect, James H. Rand of Boston, who superintended the
construction ; the change involving a large additional expense.
The whole cost of the building which was finished in 1862, in-
eluding furnishing and the Emery lot of land, for which seven
thousand dollars was paid by the county, was two hundred and
sixty-five thousand dollars.

Before the revolution, the jail stood on Middle street, where
the market-house now is; it was a small building thirty-three
feet by eighteen ; this was taken down in 1799, and the jailor’s
house was removed to Federal street. The jail, which stood
in the rear of the present court-house, was erected in 1799,
under the superintendence of John Park of Groton, Massachu-
612 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

setts ; it was of substantial stone work, fifty feet by thirty-four,
two stories high, with rooms in the attic, and cost about eight
thousand dollars ; the building committee were Samuel Free-
man and Judge Gorham. The present jail was erected in 1858,
on a large lot in a healthy location, separate from other build-
ings; it is spacious and ornamental, and cost eighty thousand
dollars.

During the existence of the Inferior Court, the judges were
paid by fees, and of course their compensation depended on
the quantity of business. In 1762 they were allowed five
shillings four pence for each entry, and one shilling for an ap-
peal. The fees varied at different times; in 1776 they were
allowed for an entry two shillings; in 1779, four shillings ;
in 1783, three shillings six pence; and ona jury trial six shil-
lings. At the October term in 1777 in this county the whole
compensation received by the justices was five shillings six
pence each; there were eleven entries. At the March term of
the same court in 1778, there were the same number of entries,
and the three justices who attended received eighteen shillings
eight pence each; in Octuber of the same year there were but
seven entries and two jury trials, and the amount of fees divided
by the three justices was eight pounds fourteen shillings. On
the division of the county, John Minot, Ezekiel Cushing of
Cape Elizabeth, Enoch Freeman of Falmouth, and Edward
Millikin of Scarborough were appointed justices.'| In February

1The following table will show the succession of judges in this court until
1811:

John Minot from 1760 to 1761 David Mitchell from 1778 to 1786
Ezekiel Cushing 1760 1764 John Lewis 1782 1803
Enoch Freeman 1760 1788 Jedediah Preble 1782 = 1783
Edward Milliken 1760 1771 Josiah Thatcher 1784 = 1799
Jeremiah Powell 1763 1781 William Gorham 1789 1804
Alexander Ross 1766 1767 Stephen Longfellow 1797 1811
Moses Pearson 1770 1775 Robert Southgate 1801 1811
Jonas Mason 1773) «1777 John Frothingham 1804 1811

Solomon Lombard 1776 1781

Judge Southgate was the last survivor; he died at Scarborough in 1833 at
COURTS AND JUDGES. 613

1763, Jeremiah Powell of North Yarmouth was appointed first
justice. The first officers of the court were Moses Pearson,
sheriff, Stephen Longfellow, clerk, and Joshua Freeman, crier.!
The first term of the new court was held in this town, May 5,
1761. There were but two terms a year until after the revo-
lution and the number of entries was small; in 1776 they
were but nine, in 1781 they had advanced to forty-nine, and
continued to increase until 1785 when they were one hundred
and ninety-six ; they then began to decrease, in consequence
of the depression of trade and a great excitement and prejudice
which now were displayed against the profession. In 1788
there were but fifty-two entries; from this time there was a
regular increase with the exception of one or two years until
1807, when they had attained the unexampled number of two
thousand four hundred and twenty-two entries for the year,
being higher than they have ever since been, and double the
number at the present day. The great number of failures at
that period gave rise to a vast multitude of suits.

In 1790 three terms of the Inferior Court were estab-

1 William Tyng succeeded Moses Pearson as sheriff in 1768, but abandoning
the country in 1775, John Waite was appointed in his place, and held the office
until 1809, a period of thirty-four years. Samuel Freeman succeeded Mr. Long-
fellow, who moved to Gorham in 1775, and held the office, with the exception of
one year, until 1820, being forty-seven years. It appears by a statement made
by Mr. Freeman when he was removed in 1811, that the compensation of his
office for twenty-three years from 1776, had averaged but one bundred and twen-
ty-three dollars a year; the clerk is now paid a salary of fifteen hundred dollars
a year, and the office yields beside, an income to the public treasury.

2May term, 1785, an action was brought before the court and no lawyer was
present. The court heard the parties, examined the witnesses, and committed
the cause to the jury, without the intervention of any attorney; they brought
in their verdict to the general satisfaction of the people.—Fulmouth Gazette, June
22, 1785.

 

the age of ninety-two. Mr, Lombard had been a minister and settled in Gorham
previous to his appointment. Mr. Frothingham was the only regular bred law-
yer among the judges of this court.
614 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

lished, all held in Portland, but in 1791, one of these terms
was removed to New Gloucester and continued to be held there
until 1805, when it was restored to Portland, where the courts
have ever since been held.

Anciently when but one court was held in Falmouth the
commencement of the term, upon the arrival of the judges, was
ushered in by the discharge of cannon at a fort on the west
side of Stroudwater bridge.? The court, as now, was opened
by prayer, and on the first day of the term, the court, bar, and
minister dined together. In 1765, Mr. Smith and Mr. Deane
both neglecting to attend to make the prayer, Judge Powell
sharply reprimanded Mr. Deane for the omission.? The Com-
mon Pleas system was abolished in this State in 1852, and the
jurisdiction of the court transferred to the Supreme Court,
which was greatly enlarged to receive the accession of new
business.

The administration of justice was exceedingly loose both
before and immediately after the revolution; the public mind
was not corrected and enlightened as it has since been by the
press and the general diffusion of information ; the country was
new, population thin, and that delicate regard of public and
private rights was not so strictly observed as it is at this day.
We have frequently found in the examination of the papers of
individuals, instances of persons having gone before magis-
trates and privately confessing themselves guilty of violations

1 At the October term, 1799, there were but four jury trials in civil cases; after
the jury were dismissed and were receiving their pay, it was discovered that one
of them had answered during the term to another man’s name; on being asked
his reason for this reprehensible conduct, he said, “that his neighbor Pinkham,
who had been drawn, was sick at home, and had got him to come in his room.”

2A MSS. letter of Judge Sewall.

3“April 15, dined with the court, wished I had not, Mr. Powell said it was a
hard case, when there are two of you we can get ne’er a one. I'll bring my own
minister, if I can getno body to pray with us here; he said the minister can hear
the hell and knows when he is wanted.”—Deane's Diary,
SUPERIOR COURT. 615

of law, have been discharged on the payment of a small fine.!

The Superior Court held but one term a year in this county
until 1800, when a second term was established. At the time
the court first came here, it was composed of Thomas Hutch-
inson, then Lt. Governor of Massachusetts, Benjamin Lynde,
John Cushing, and Peter Oliver.2 The judges of this court,
until 1792, appeared on the bench in robes and wigs? A term
of the Superior Court was first established in Maine in 1699, and
was held at Kittery, until 1743, when it was removed to York.
In 1761, a term was held in this county, and in 1786 a term

'Thave seen the record of many confessions made before Enoch Freeman,
who was for many years an active magistrate in this town, for profane swearing,
where a fine of five or six shillings was imposed. In one case of fornication the
woman on confession was fined six shillings and discharged. ‘John Lowther,
physician, confessed that he broke the peace by striking Samuel Graffam, cord-
wainer, the 22d inst., at Brunswick, being highly provoked, and paid a fine of
four shillings to the king.” Persons were frequently fined for absenting them-
selves from meeting as late as the times of Rev. Mr. Deane. In 1757, “John
Hanes confessed he swore one profane oath ye 12th inst., fined four shillings.”
“1754, Col. Jedediah Preble is convicted of uttering one profane oath in my
hearing and Deacon William Cotton’s, at Mr. Joshua Freeman’s.” But the most
singular instance of confession and of extra judicial punishment that I have met
with took place in 1785, of which notice was publicly given in the following ad-
verlisement: ‘‘Falmouth, August 20,1785. I the subscriber being left to the
insinuation of the devil, have stolen-and carried away from the store of Jabez
Jones of New Casco, a part of a side of sole leather, contrary to the law of God
and man and the peace of this Commonwealth; I heartily ask forgiveness for the
offence done to God and the public, and submit myself to be publicly whipped
in New Casco, at school-house hill, fifteen stripes on my naked back as a warn-
ing to others. Isaac Rorr, 4 his mark.

Attest, Joseph Wormell, William Blackstone.
The above stripes were decently laid on by Samuel Bucknam, constable.”

2Mr. Hutchinson was appointed chief justice in 1761, as successor to Stephen
Sewall, who died in September, 1760; he was succeeded by Peter Oliver in 1769.

3In summer the robes were of black silk, in winter of scarlet, with black trim-
mings ; the occasion of leaving them off was the appointment of Judge Dawes to
the bench, who not having been called to the degree of barrister before his ap-
pointment, the other judges on that account dispensed with their robes. The
court at that time consisted of Francis Dana, chief justice, Increase Sumner,
Robert T. Paine, and Nathan Cushing.
616 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

was granted to Lincoln, to be held the week after its sitting in
this town, which was in June. The number of judges was
five until 1800, when it was increased to seven, rendered neces-
sary by the accumulation of business and the burdensome sys-
tem which required the court to consist of a majority of the
judges for the trial of all causes. In 1805, this change not
remedying the difficulty, it was reduced to its original number,
and the only effectual cure applied, the introduction of the
Nisi. Prius system, by which the issues are tried by a single
judge.

Noah Emery of Kittery was for many years the only lawyer
in Maine; he commenced practice about 1725, and although
not regularly bred to the profession, he was a man of talents,
a ready draftsman, and had considerable practice.! On one
occasion between 1720 and 1730, an action of trespass was
commenced in the Inferior Court of York by Matthew Liver-
more of New Hampshire for the plaintiff; William-Shirley of
Boston, afterward governor of Massachusetts, for the defend-
ant, filed a special plea; but as special pleading was rarely
used in that day and by the practicing attorneys of those times
little understood and much less by the court, the plea was
answered by some ore tenus observations by plaintiff’s coun-
sel, and the cause went to trial “somehow or other.” The
verdict was for the plaintiff, and the defendant appealed to the
Superior Court where the cause went again in favor of the
plaintiff, and execution issued. The defendant entered a com-
plaint to the king in council, and an order was issued thereon

'He was descended from Anthony Emery, who settled first in Newbury but
moved to Kittery befure 1652, when he was admitted a freeman of Massachusetts.
His father was Daniel Emery, his mother, Eliza Gowen; he was born in that
part of Kittery which is now Elliot, December 11, 1699. He was brought up to
the trade of a cooper as was his ancestor, Anthony, who came from Rumsey,
England, in 1635, in the James. Noah was twice married, first to Eliza Chick
of Kittery, 1722, second to Mrs. Sarah Cooper of Berwick, 1740. He left five
sons. Noah Emery was great-grandfather of Judge Nicholas Emery of this
town.
COURTS—LAWYERS, AND COURT CUSTOMS. 617

to set the whole proceedings aside, on account of the defective
pleadings in the Inferior Court. The order for restitution was
addressed to the Superior Court, and Mr. Auchmuty, an able
lawyer of Boston, made an earnest application to the court to
have the order carried into effect ; the court were somewhat per-
plexed on the occasion, but Mr. Emery, as counsel for the plain-
tiff, drew up an answer to Mr. Auchmuty’s petition in substance
as follows: that the Superior Court of Judicature, was a court
constituted by a law of the province, whereby they were au-
thorized to hear and determine such civil matters therein
mentioned as were made cognizable by them, and to render
judgment thereon, and to issue execution pursuant to their own
judgment and not otherwise. And if the counsel for the de-
fendant in this case had obtained a different judgment from
what appeared upon their records he must go there for his ex-
ecution, as they were not by law empowered to issue any
execution contrary to the record of their own judgment. The
court were satisfied with this answer, and complimented Mr.
Emery upon the manner in which he relieved them from their
embarrassment. Mr. Auchmuty acquiesced in the decision
of the court.!

Mr. Emery died in 1762, and his place was supplied by his

' Judge Sewall’s MSS. The court consisted at this time of Benjamin Lynde,
Paul Dudley, Edmund Quincy, and Addington Davenport. Another anecdote is
related of Mr, Emery, which I will venture to preserve as showing something of
the early manners of the bar. It was anciently the custom when the business
of the court was nearly completed, for the members of the court and bar, made
up of gentlemen from Massachusetts and New Hampshire, to assemble together
at the tavern for a social meeting ; on which occasions they constituted a court
among themselves, appointing one of their number chief justice for the trial of all
breaches of good fellowship which had occurred during the term. On one of
these meetings Mr. Emery was accused of calling the high sheriffa fool. The
fact being proved or admitted, the court taking into consideration the time,
manner, and occasion of the offense, ordered said Emery to pay for his offense,
One pipe of tobacco. And ordered the sheriff, who it is said was Samuel Wheel-
wright, to pay one mug of flip for deserving the appellation.

40
618 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

kinsman, Caleb Emery, who also lived in Kittery, and who quit
the practice soon after the revolutionary war. The first regu-
larly educated lawyer who settled in Maine, is believed to have
been Wm. Cushing, who graduated at Harvard College in
1751, and established himself in that part of the ancient town
of Pownalborough, which is now called Dresden, where he con-
tinued in the practice until he was elevated to the bench in
1772.!

David Sewall of York was the next regular practitioner who
established himself in this State; he graduated at Harvard
College in 1755, and commenced practice in York, his native
town.2 These two with Caleb Emery are believed to have

1 Mr. Cushing resided with his brother Charles, who was the first sheriff of Lin-
coln, and for many years after the revolution, the clerk of the courts in Suffolk.
His house stood near the old court-house in Dresden. At the time Mr. Cushing
commenced practice there, there was no house on Kennebec river from about
two wiles above Dresden court-house to the settlements in Canada, except the
block-houses at Forts Western and Halifax. The whole country, as a witness
once said of it in court, was an “eminent wilderness.” William Cushing was ap-
pointed the first judge of probate in Lincoln county; he was made chief justice
of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts in 1777, and was the first who held the
office under the free government of the Commonwealth. He was transferred to
the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1789, and died in 1810.
He was the last chief justice who wore the large wig of the English judges,
which gave him, upon the bench, an air of superior dignity and gravity. Mod-
ern customs have put both the wig and gown out of countenance. The two
Cushings and also their brother Rowland, settled in Wiscasset, were sons of
Judge John Cushing and were born in Scituate, Massachusetts, William in 1788,
Charles in 1784, Roland in 1750, all graduates of Harvard College.

2 Mr. Sewall was raised to the bench in 1777, and in 1789 was appointed judge
of the United States Court for the district of Maine, and presided in that court
twenty-nine years, until 1818. During the twelve years he held the office of
judge in the State court, he usually traveled his circuits on horseback, and in
fact this is the manner in which the judges and the members of the bar were
obliged to travel before, and some years after, the revolution. J udge Sewall died
October 22, 1825, aged ninety ; and so pure had _his life been, that he remarked
to a friend, that if he were to lead his life over again he did not know that he
should wish to alter it. He was twice married, but left no issue.
LAWYERS—BRADBURY, WYER. 619

been the only lawyers in Maine in 1760, when the counties of
Cumberland and Lincoln were established. This event by
multiplying the sittings of courts in the district, held out en-
couragement to persons entering the profession to settle here.
Accordingly we find in 1762, two persons, Theophilus Brad-
bury and David Wyer, entering upon the practice in this town.
Mr. Bradbury was from Newbury, and graduated in 1757, at
Harvard College ; he appeared first in our courts at the May
term in 1762, previous to which he had kept aschool here. Mr.
Wyer was not admitted to the bar until October term of the
same year, although he appears to have engaged in the busi-
ness of the court at the preceding May term in opposition to
Mr. Bradbury. He also was a school-teacher. He was born
in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1758. Previous to this time there were no lawyers in
what now forms the county of Cumberland; the courts were
attended when it was necessary by practitioners from Massachu-
setts.! Justices of the peace were in the habit of filling writs
and attending to the business in court.” This practice of filling
writs continued after there were regular practitioners in every
county, and those which were not settled, they generally pro-
cured some attorney to manage in court; this custom operated
severely upon those persons who had spent much time and money
to qualify themselves to discharge the duties of the profession,
and produced a rule which was adopted in 1770 by the barristers
and attorneys practicing in Maine, by which they agreed that
they would not “enter, argue, or in any manner assist in the
prosecution of causes where the writs shall be drawn by any

1In the great case between the Plymouth and Pejepscot proprietors, tried in
the Common Pleas here in 1754, Jeremiah Gridley and James Otis of Boston
attended for the parties.

2 Enoch Freeman in this town did considerable business of this kind; in 1758,
he filled twenty-eight writs for April term, and fourteen for October term, and
eleven for the next January term; his price for a writ and summons was eight
shillings.
620 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

person not regularly admitted and sworn, except in cases of
necessity.”' This rule produced great excitement among that
class of persons who had been in the habit of doing this busi-
ness, which was brought to a point by the refusal of the Supe-
rior Court to admit a person who had drawn a writ. in this
manner for another, to manage the cause which had been
brought up by appeal, and the attorneys refusing, under their
rule, to conduct it, the plaintiff was nonsuited. This person,
who was the late Judge Freeman, wrote a long article on the
subject in July, 1773, in which he reprobated the obnoxious
rule, and severely reflected upon the members of the bar and
court. Early in 1774, the subject was brought before the town
ata public meeting, and a committée was chosen to “repre-
sent the lawyers’ agreement to the General Court and pray for
redress.”? It is probable, as we hear no more of this matter,
that political concerns of more absorbing interest prevented
any further action upon it; and after the troubles of the war
were over, the actors in the scene had new parts to perform,
and were operated upon by motives entirely different from
those which before had influenced them. It must not however
be understood that prejudice against lawyers was extinguished
by the revolution; it revived with the peace, in some parts of
the country, with more than its former spirit, and still continues
in many places to prevail. Our town, to its praise it may be
spoken, has not since the revolution joined in any crusade
against the profession.

Mr. Bradbury and Mr. Wyer were the only resident lawyers?

! The reason they assigned for the rule was, that they thought it “detrimenta

to the public that persons not regularly admitted and sworn as attorneys should
be countenanced” by them.

2The committee consisted of Enoch Freeman, Stephen Longfellow, B. Mussey,
Jonathan Morse, and Richard Codman.

5They were both admitted to the Superior Court in 1765 ; they kept their of-
fices in their houses, which are both standing, Mr. Bradbury’s at the Corner of
Middle and Willow streets, and Mr. Wyer’s nearly opposite the north school-
house in Congress street.
LAWYERS—BRADBURY, WYER. 621

in town until 1774, and consequently were invariably employed
upon opposite sides; nor were their characters less opposed
than was their relative position in the courts; Bradbury was
grave and dignified in his deportment, while Wyer was full of
gayety and wit, the shafts of which did not always fall harm-
less from his adversary; the life of the former was marked by
steadiness and uniformity, that of the latter was desultory and
irregular; one was distinguished by genius, the other by
method ; they both had qualities to elevate them in society and
give them a fair rank in the courts. Bradbury was more of a
special pleader, and by the weight of his character and man-
ners, had great influence with the court and jury, but Wyer
often carried his point by the vigorous sallies of his wit, and
when he lost the jury he frequently gained the laugh and the
audience. They were also opposed in religious sentiments,
and at atime when our little community was divided by a
strongly marked line between Episcopalians and Congregation-
alists, and legal questions were arising on the subject of taxes
and the rights of the two societies, Wyer was advocating the
claims of the Episcopalians, while Bradbury was sustaining the
fortunes of the old parish; Wyer was upheld by the royalist
party, Bradbury received the patronage of the whigs.
Notwithstanding these two lawyers originated all the actions
that were brought into the courts of this county, yet in actions
of importance, other and more eminent counselors were called
to their assistance. Previous to the revolution, Daniel Farn-
ham of Newbury,' John Chipman? of Marblehead, William

‘Mr. Farnham graduated in 1739, at Harvard College; he had considerable
practice here prior tothe revolution. He died in 1776 and left one son, William,
who died in Boston a few years ago, and a daughter, who married Dr. Sawyer
of Newburyport.

2Mr. Chipman was the son of the Rev. John Chipman, and father of the elder
Ward Chipman of New Brunswick, agent for the British government in the cou-
troversy with the United States on the boundary line, and grandfather of the
late Judge Chipman of the same province. While attending the Superior
Court in this town in July, 1768, he was attacked in the court-house by an apo-
plectic fit, which terminated his life in two or three hours. He graduated at Har-
vard Collez". 1738
622 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Cushing of Pownalborough, David Sewall of York, Mathew
and Samuel Livermore! and William Parker of Portsmouth,
James Otis, Jeremiah Gridley,’ Jonathan Sewall, and John
Adams of Boston,* attended the circuits here.

In 1768 there were but six attorneys at law in Maine, viz.,

1 Samuel Livermore descended from John Livermore of Watertown, graduated
at Nassau College, 1752; he was appointed judge of the Superior Court of New
Hampshire in 1792, and was several years chief justice ; he was also a senator in
Congress eight years from 1793. He was father of Edward St. Loe and Arthur
Livermore, each of whom held the office of judge in the Superior Court of New
Hampshire, and the latter chief justice. His brother Elijah was chief proprietor
of Livermore in Maine.

2Mr. Gridley graduated at Harvard College, 1725; he was a sound and acute
lawyer, was the attorney general of Massachusetts, and died September 10, 1767.

3 Mr. Sewall succeeded Mr. Gridley as attorney general in 1767; he gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1748, but did not enter upon practice until 1757, hav-
ing in the mean time kept a school in Salem. At the commencement of the
difficulties with the mother country, he was caressed over to the royal party
and a new office, the ‘King’s solicitor,’ was created expressly for him. He
was a good lawyer and advocate, and had a fund of wit and satire always at
command, which he employed at the bar and in political controversy. He
maintained a discussion in the papers in 1774 and 1775 under the name of Mas-
sachusettensis with John Adams, in which the principal subjects of disagree-
ment with Great Britain were ably handled. He retired to England in 1775 and
settled in Bristol. He died at Halifax, 1796, aged sixty-two years. ' The
authorship of Massachusettensis has been recently denied him and given to
Daniel Leonard. See Historical and Gen. Reg. pp. 18, 291, and Sabine’s Loy-
alists, 2d edition.

4 Mr. Adams attended the court here twelve successive years prior to the rev-
olution, and boarded with Jonathan Webb. Jonathan Sewali and Mr. Adams
were intimate friends until the crisis in American politics took place. Finding
they could not change each others views, they determined not to discuss the
subject any more. This resolution was taken in this town when the court was
sitting in July, 1774; they were walking upon Munjoy’s hill before breakfast and
earnestly discussing the great questions which were then agitating the country.
The conversation terminated by Mr. Adams saying, “I see we must part; and
with a bieeding heart I say it, I fear forever; but you may depend upon it, that
this adieu is the sharpest thorn on which I ever set my foot.” After their part-
ing here, they did not meet again until Mr. Adams called upon him in London,
in 1788, as the ambassador of the free American States.
LAWYERS. 623

Caleb Emery, William Cushing, David Sewall, James Sulli-
van,' Theophilus Bradbury, and David Wyer. Of these, not
one was in practice here at the close of the revolutionary war.
Cushing, Sullivan, and Sewall were on the bench, Caleb Emery
had retired, Bradbury had removed to Newburyport, and Wyer
was dead. Mr. Bradbury was appointed attorney for the State
in 1777, and so from year to year, until his removal from the
county, which took place in 1779.2. Mr. Wyer was appointed
King’s attorney for the county frequently before the revolution.
On the destruction of the town Mr Wyer moved to Stroudwa-
ter, where he died February 29, 1776, aged thirty-five.?

‘Mr Suliivan commenced practice on Arrowsic Island, a part of Georgetown,
in 1767. He gave toa friend as a reason for settling in so unpromising a place,
that, “‘as he found he had to break into the world, be thought be. had better
begin at the weakest place.” He moved to Biddeford in 1769; he was ap-
poiated a justice of the Superior Court in 1776, and soon after moved to Groton,
in Massachusetts. It is complimentary to the legal talent of our State, that of
the five Judges who were appointed to the Supreme Court of Massachusetts in
1776 and 1777, three of them were from our territory, viz., Cushing, Sullivan,
and Sewall, and of the sixteen others, subsequently appointed, two chief jus-
tices, and three associate justices, commenced practice in this State, viz.,
Parsons, Parker, Bradbury, Thatcher, and Wilde. Sullivan died Governor of
Massachusetts, December 10, 1808.

2In 1762 Mr. Bradbury married Sarah, a daughter of Ephraim Jones of this
town. In 1764 he purchased of Moses Pearson the lot of land on the corner of
Middle and Willow streets, and built the house which now stands there. In
1796 he was chosen member of Congress from Essex, and was appointed judge
of the Supreme Court in 1797. He died September 6, 1803, aged sixty-four.
His son George, subsequently moved here and practiced law; was chosen
member of Congress from Cumberland, and served two terms, 1813— 1817,
and senator to the State legislature. He was also clerk of the courts of this
county. He died November 17, 1823, aged fifty-three. Theophilus was great-
great-grandson of Thomas Bradbury who came to Salisbury, Massachusetts,
about 1638. He was the son of Theophilus Bradbury and Ann Woodman. He
had eight children by his wife, Sarah Jones, all of whom fare dead. Charles
married Eleaner Cumming, and George, Mary Kent, both of Portland, and left

issue by them.

3 Mr. Wyer wasthe son of David Wyer, a.sea captain, and was born in Charles-
town in 1741. His father and brother Thomas, subsequently moved to this
624 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The next attorney who settled here was Theophilus Parsons,
who was admitted to the practice in this county, July, 1774.
He graduated at Harvard College in 1769, pursued his legal
studies with Mr. Bradbury, and at the same time kept the
grammar school on the Neck. He soon came into full practice
and was often employed in opposition to his legal instructor.
While keeping school, and after his admission to the bar, Mr.
Parsons was unremitted in his studies, devoting to them his
whole time.’ He was one of the committee of inspection in

1 Mr. Parsons was born in that part of Newbury now called Byfield, in 1750, his
father, Moses Parsons, being the minister of that-parish. He boarded about three
years with Deacon Codman, on the corner of Temple and Middle streets ; in April,
1775, he went to board with Dr. Deane. On his removal from this town, he es-
tablished himself in Newburyport, and subsequently in Boston. He was ap-
pointed chief justice of Massachusetts in 1806. It is unnecessary to give here
a further notice of the life of this great man and: unrivaled lawyer, a brief and
interesting view of it may be found in Chief Justice Parker’s address on the
opening of the court in Suffolk, November, 1813, shortly after his decease. He
died in Boston, September, 1818, aged sixty-three, in the full strength of his
intellectual faculties. His son, Prof. Parsons of Harvard College, in 1859,
published an interesting memoir of his father.

 

town, where they were employed in the Custom House service. His brother
married a daughter of Jeremiah Pote in 1772, and with his father and father-
in-law abandoned the country in the revolution. David married ‘Miss Russell,
a niece of Thomas Russell, by whom he left two children, a son and a daughter ;
the daughter married Capt. Samuel Waite. The following brief sketch is from
the pen of Daniel Davis, Esq., the eldest of the surviving lawyers who practiced
in Maine. ‘All I know about David Wyer, I have heard from the late Gov.
Sullivan and some of his contemporaries, who were refugees from Falmouth,
and who returned after the peace of 1783. By these I have been informed
that he was a high-minded, sterling fellow, of strong talents, an able and elo-
quent advocate, and extremely independent in his opinions and character. He
and the late Judge Bradbury were always antagonists in their professional ca-
reer, and as there was great difference in the two gentlemen, I have heard
many anecdotes of them which would not be proper for the public eye. Brad-
bury was always grave and judicious, and had great ‘influence with the court
and jury. Wyer was full of wit and vivacity; this contrast frequently gave
birth to scenes in the forum very much to the amusement of their mutual
friends.”
LAW AND LAWYERS. 625

Falmouth in 1775, although but twenty-five years old, and
took an active part in the measures adopted by the whigs dur-
ing his residence here. He moved to Newbury in the lat-
ter part of 1775.

After the death of Mr. Wyer, Mr. Bradbury was the only
attorney in the county until October term, 1778, when John
Frothingham was admitted to practice in the Common Pleas.
The latter was soon left alone by the removal of Mr. Bradbury
to Newburyport in 1779. The business at that time was ex-
ceedingly small, so much so that Mr. Frothingham was induced
to unite with his practice the charge of a school, which he kept
several years after the revolutiou. The whole number of en-
tries in 1778 was but nineteen; in 1779, twenty-six; and in
1780, twenty. In March term, 1780, Mr. Frothingham was
appointed by the court, attorney for the State in this county ;
he continued in practice, enjoying the confidence of his clients
and friends, until he was appointed a judge of the Common
Pleas in 1804.!

The next lawyer who ventured here was Royal Tyler, son

1 Mr. Frothingham was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1750, the son
of Deacon John Frothingham and a descendant of the first emigrant of the
name to Charlestown, William Frothingham, and graduated at Harvard College
in 1771. He kept a school in Greenland, New Hampshire, a short time before
he came here. He held many important offices, and faithfully discharged all
their duties to the satisfaction of the public. He was inspector of the excise
for the District of Maine, secretary of Bowdoin College on its first organization,
representative from the town in 1786, town clerk, thirty-four years clerk of the
first parish, twelve years register of probate, and eight years judge of the Com-
mon Pleas. In the latter part of his life he was deprived of his sight, but bore
his affliction with great patience. In 1784, he married Martha May of Boston
who still survives; by her he had a large family of children, four of whom sur-
vived him. He died February 8, 1826, aged seventy-six, leaving to his poster-
ity the well merited reputation of an amiable, honest, and excellent man. His
children living in 1864 are, John, a respected merchant in Montreal, born in
1787; Lucretia, widow of Franklin Tinkham, and Abigail, wife of Dr. Ray, the
distinguished superintendent of the Butler Asylum, all of whom have children ;

the others died without issue.
626 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of a gentleman of the same name in Boston, who was one of
the King’s counselors, and active in the first stages of the rev-
olution; he graduated at Harvard College in 1776, and came
here in 1779. He kept an office in Middle street, near the
head of Plum street, but continued only about two years.
During his practice he commenced an action against an officer
of a privateer then lying in the harbor, and went with the
sheriff to arrest him; but the officer not liking the process,
turned upon the deputy and attorney, carried them both to sea,
and landed them at Townsend or Boothbay.!

The next attorney who established himself here was Daniel

1 Mr. Tyler afterward became chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont.
— See Willis's Law and Lawyers of Maine.

As we are Jeaving the history of the ante-revolutionary lawyers, we cannot
omit one anecdote preserved by Judge Seawall, illustrative of the manners
of those days. It was the custom, asI have before observed, for the mem-
bers of the court and bar at the close of the session to liold special courts at the
tavern, which were made the occasion of festivity and wit. At one of those
seasons when the Inferior Court was held at Biddeford, Hill, Sparahawk, Jor-
dan, and Moulton being on the bench, the court sat at the public hcuse of one
Ladd, there being no court-house in that town. The late Judge Lowell of New-
buryport, arrived on Monday evening to attend the court, and called upon land-
lord Ladd to accommodate him during the session. Ladd told him his house
was full and he could not accommodate him. Mr. Lowell was obliged to seek
lodgings elsewhere, but supposing Mr. Ladd would take care of his horse, if he
could not receive him, left him tied at the post in front of the house. It so
happened that the horse was overlooked and remained tied at the post, where
Mr. Lowell left him, all night. On Friday evening a special court was held at
Ladd’s for the hearing and determining of small causes of omission and commis-
sion that had occurred during the week. Daniel Farnham, Esq., was appointed
judge; among other causes landlord Ladd was called upon to answer his neg-
lect in not taking care of Mr. Lowell’s horse, and for suffering him to stand all
night at the door of his tavern. The fact was not denied, but in excuse he said
he had told Mr. Lowell that he could not give him entertainment, as his house
was full before he applied, and he did not recollect that Mr. Lowell, when he
went away, said anything about his horse. Upon this evidence the judge or-
dered the landlord to pay a single bowl of good punch for his neglect in not
taking proper care of the horse, and that Mr. Lowell should pay twice as much
for suffering the poor animal to remain all night at the door. The sentence was
carried into immediate execution for the benefit of the company convened.
LAWYERS. 627

Davis, who started from Boston on horseback, the world all
betore him, to seek some promising place in which to commence
practice; he arrived and fixed his abode here in the autumn
of 1782. At this time there were but five lawyers in Maine
beside Mr. Davis, viz., George Thatcher, who then lived in
York, but next year moved to Biddeford, John Frothingham
of this town, Timothy Langdon of Wiscasset, Roland Cushing,
youngest brother of Judge William Cushing, at Old Pownal-
borough, and William Lithgow at Georgetown. Mr. Davis
continued in practice here until 1804, when he removed to
Boston. He was an eloquent and popular advocate, and had
an extensive practice. He died at Cambridge, October 27,
1835, having held the office of solicitor until near the time of
his death.!

The excitement which existed against lawyers and the courts
to an alarming extent in Massachusetts in 1785, and some
years after, was not much felt here; the Shay’s rebellion had
no advocates in this part of the country. A prejudice however
did prevail against the profession, which was concentrated and
carried into the legislature in 1790, by John Gardiner of Pow-
nalborough, a barrister at law. He introduced a resolution in

'Mr. Thatcher continued to reside at Biddeford until his death in 1824. He
graduated at Harvard College in 1776, and Mr. Cushing in 1768. Mr. Lithgow
and Mr. Davis were not liberally educated. In 1778, Mr. Langdon was appointed
by the Provincial Congress judge of the Maritime Court for the District of Maine.
Mr. Cushing died in 1789. Mr Davis was appointed in 1796 with William Shep-
perd and Nathan Dane, commissioners to treat with the eastern Indians, and
the same year succeeded William Lithgow in the office of United States attor-
ney for this District. He was-repeatedly chosen representative by the town,
and senator by the county to the legislature of Massachusetts, and while he was
senator, in 1801. he received the appointment of solicitor general of Massachu-
setts, which he held until 1832, when that with the office of attorney genera,
was abolished. In 1786, Mr. Davis married, at Quebec, Miss Louisa Freeman,
by whom he had a large family of children, one of whom is the distinguished
naval officer, Charles H. Davis, who entered the navy in 1823, and is nowa
rear admiral and chief of Bureau of Navigation. His eldest daughter married
the Hon. William Minot of Boston.
628 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

January of that year, that the house would resolve itself into
a committee of the whole to take into consideration “the pres-
ent state of the law and its professors in the Commonwealth.”
He prefaced his resolution by some able and spirited remarks
which he subsequently enforced and illustrated, against law-
yers and what he termed abuses of the law, some of which
were merely imaginary. He objected to the association of
members of the bar, and the formation of bar rules, the modes
of taxing cost and other practices which he termed illegal
and unwarrantable usurpations. He thought the law ought
to be simplified, that many customs had crept in from the Eng-
lish law which should be eradicated ; his desire was to thrust
in the knife and remove entirely all those customs which he
and others considered grievances. While the subject was be-
fore the legislature, Mr. Gardiner, in the heat of debate and in
a highly excited state of feeling, cast many aspersions upon
lawyers, which had a tendency to bring the whole class into
disrepute and encourage the unfounded prejudice which existed
against them out of doors. He had not however many sup-
porters in the house; the bills which he introduced were
rejected by large majorities ; the one to annihilate special plead-
ing was debated with great earnestness, and the late Chief
Justice Parsons opposed it with a power that could not be re-
sisted.! Mr. Gardiner was severely handled in the newspapers
and treated in a manner altogether unworthy of an age of free

' At this time Judge Parsons drew from Mr. Gardiner the following eulogium :
“This erroneous opinion of the gentlemen of the profession here, was taken from
a mere distwin of the late Mr. Gridley, who though a mighty pompous man, was
aman of considerable learning and abilities—in learning and genius however,
almost infinitely inferior to that great giant of learning and genius, the law
member from Newburyport.” Mr. Parsons was then but forty years old. Mr.
Gardiner had been educated in England, and practiced law in England and
Wales, and was made attorney general of the island of St. Christopher; he came
to Boston after the revolution, and soon moved to Pownalborough in the neigh-
borhood of which he had an hereditary estate. He was lost by the upsetting
of a packet in which he was going to Boston in 1793.
LAWYERS—GARDINER. 629

inquiry. The editor of a Boston paper was tried in 1791 for
agross libel upon him, but was acquitted ; the defense seemed
to be that Mr. Gardner had rather courted abuse in the cause
of reform than avoided it, and was not therefore to be protected
from a storm which he had invited. The effect of this attempt
to.array the community against one class of citizens, was on
the whole to establish the character of the profession, which
numbered among its members some of the most learned, vir-
tuous, and patriotic individuals of the country, upon a more
firm foundation in public favor than it had before enjoyed.
Mr. Gardiner, son of Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, was born in Bos-
ton in 1731, received his legal education at the Inner Temple,
London; was a zealous whig; married Margaret Harris, a
Welch lady in Wales, by whom he left three children, Ann
married to James N. Lithgow, Louisa married to Col. Edward
Williams of Augusta, and Rev. John 8. John, the celebrated
scholar and rector of Trinity Church, Boston. Mr. Gardiner
was very learned and very eccentric ; he occasionally appeared
in the courts of Maine and always in his barrister’s robe.—See
more at large in Willis’s Law and Lawyers of Maine, p. 117,
etc.

In 1789 Salmon Chase and Samuel Cooper Johonnot came
to this town to practice law, and were both admitted at the
October term of the Common Pleas in that year.' The next

1 Mr, Chase was son of Samuel Chase of Cornish, New Hampshire, born in
1761, he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1785. He continued in practice
here, rising gradually to the first rank in his profession, until his death, August
10, 1806, aged forty-five years. Mr. Chase was distinguished rather for sound
judgment and accurate research than as an eloquent advocate; he was a safe
counselor, and the interests of his clients were never neglected by him. He
died much regretted by the community of which he had been an active and
useful member. He left two children, George and Elizabeth. George died un-
married in 1819; Elizabeth married Dr. Howard of Boston, and died in 1864.

Mr. Johonnot was grandson of the celebrated Dr. Samuel Cooper of Boston ;
he graduated at Harvard College in 1783, and completed his education in France

and Geneva. He studied law with Gov. Sullivan, who was much attached to him
and introduced him to the bar. He remained abroad long enough to part with
630 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

year came William Symmes, who had been previously admitted
to the bar in Essex county. He was the son of the Rev. Wm.
Symmes of Andover, Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard
College in 1780. Mr. Symmes was member of the Convention
of Massachusetts which adopted the Constitution of the United
States, and although warmly opposed to that instrument on
taking his seat, he had the good sense to yield his opinion to
the able and enlightened arguments which distinguished that
illustrious body. Mr. Symmes was a good lawyer and an elo-
quent advocate; he stood among the first at the bar in this
State, and added to the qualities of a lawyer the charms of a
well cultivated classical taste. For some time he carried on —
a correspondence with his intimate friend, the late Dudley
Atkins Tyng, purely on law subjects, in which numerous ques-
tions of interest to the profession were learnedly discussed.!
The next attorney who was admitted to the bar and settled
here, was John Bagley, son of John Bagley of this town. He
was the first native of the town or of the State who was admit-
ted to the practice in this county; he did not continue long
at the bar, and after engaging in commerce a short time, died
unmarricd.? He was followed by James D. Hopkins, who was

‘Mr. Symmes died January 7,.1807, aged forty-five; he was never married.
It may be said of him as Mr. Gardiner said of Gridley, “the was a mighty pom-
pous man.” But his manners were courteous and refined.

2 The following are the names of the other native sons of the town who have
been admitted to the bar in this county, viz., George Bradbury, Woodbury
Storer, William Freeman, John Wadsworth, Samuel D. Freeman, Charles 8.

 

all his American manners and feelings, and although he returned a good scholar
and highly polished man, he was unfitted altogether for the practice of his pro-
fession among his countrymen. He spoke the modern languages fluently, was
full of wit, vivacity, and satire, and an extremely pleasant companion. In 1791,
his satirical talent having involved him in a bitter quarrel with the principal men
of the town, he found it necessary for his own comfort and safety to make a
hasty departure the same year. He went to Boston and soon after embarked for
Demarara, where he was appointed American consul in 1798, and accumulated
a handsome estate in the commission business. He died in 1806.
LAWYERS—PARKER. 631

admitted in 1797, and continued in practice to the time of his
death, June 17, 1840.! George E. Vaughan, son of William
Vaughan of this town, was admitted in 1798; the next year
Tsaac Parker, late chief justice of Massachusetts, moved here
from Castine and entered at once upon a full and profitable
practice to which he was entitled by his urbanity as a man, and
his eloquence as an advocate, as much as to his attainments
in judicial science.°

1 Mr. Hopkins was born at Axminster, Eng., in 1773, the son of Thomas Hopkins,
amerchant, who came to this town from England in 1784. He was a well read
and learned lawyer, was an acute special pleader, and for many years had a
large practice. He prepared a work on insurance which remains in MS., proof
of his industry and ability. The publication of the treatises of Judge Duer and
Mr. Phillips, discouraged Mr. Hopkins in putting his work to press. He died
in 1840.

2Mr. Parker was born in Boston in 1768, and graduated at Harvard College in
1786; after his admission to the bar he established himself at Castine, where he
soon attained an extensive practice and a deservedly high reputation. He was
twice elected representative to Congress from the eastern district in this State,
and in 1799, while a member, was appointed by President Adams, marshal of
Maine, which office he beld until February, 1803, when he was removed by Presi-
dent Jefferson. February 22, 1800, he pronounced an eulogy at Portland, on the
death of General Washington. In December, 1805, he was elevated to the bench
of the Supreme Court, and the next year moved to Boston. In 1814 he was ap-
pointed successor to Chief Justice Sewall, and died in July, 1830, universally
lamented. He was descended from John Parker, who came from Biddeford in
England, and settled at the mouth of Saco river, and who afterward made large
speculations in land at the mouth of the Kennebec, The son of the first John

 

Daveis, John Mussey, Nathaniel Deering, John P. Boyd, John Neal, Nathan
Cummings, William Boyd, George Jewett, John D. Kinsman, William Paine,
Stephen Longfellow, Jr., William H. Codman, Bellamy Storer, James Brooks,
Edward Fox, Edward H. Daveis, George E. B. Jackson, Daniel W. Fessenden, Na-
than Webb, Samuel J. Anderson, Frederic Fox, Henry Jewett, Edward Thomas,
Charles W. Goddard, Charles B. Merrill, Edward P. Sherwood, Geo, A. Thomas,
Henry Willis, Joseph A. Ware, James D. Fessenden, William C. TenBroeck, Jo-
seph D. Howard, Frederick E. Shaw, William H. Fessenden, Edward M. Rand,
with several others, numbering in all forty-eight. Of these ten are dead, nine-
teen retired from practice, and the remaining nineteen continue in business at
the bar, here and in other places.
632 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In 1800 there were nine lawyers in the county, viz., John
Frothingham, Daniel Davis, William Symmes, Salmon Chase,
James D. Hopkins, George E. Vaughan, Peter O. Alden of
Brunswick, and Ezekiel Whitman of New Gloucester, all of
whom lived at Portland but the two last."

In 1801, Stephen Longfellow was admitted to the bar and
continued in successful practice in this town until his death in
1849; he was born in Gorham, March 28, 1774, and gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1798. He entered at once into an
extensive and profitable practice, which continued many years,
until by overtasking his powers he was prostrated by disease.
In 1804 he married Zilpah, a daughter of Gen. Wadsworth,
by whom he had four sons and four daughters. The eldest
surviving son, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, will long per-
petuate the name by the sweetness of his poetry. Mr. Long-

' Perhaps William Widgery ought not to be omitted from this catalogue; he
practiced law many years in New Gloucester, against the opposition of the bar
and bar rules, and finally became a judge of the Common Pleas, under the gov-
ernment of Massachusetts. Few men “have seen more of this great world”
than Mr. Widgery, nor figured ina greater variety of scenes. He went very
poor to New Gloucester before the revolution; during the war, or part of it, he
was lieutenant of a privateer, commanded by Nathaniel Thompson, in which
he displayed the same perseverance that characterized his after life. He wasa
member of the Convention of Massachusetts, which adopted the Constitution of
the United States, and strenuously opposed that instrument in numerous speeches,
He was chosen senator in 1794, and frequently representative to the General
Court; he was also elected a member of the twelfth Congress in April, 1811.
After his removal to this town, he engaged in navigation, and for a time com-
manded one of lis own vessels, which on one occasion, by his superior sagacity
and shrewdness, he saved from the fangs of the British orders in council. He
accumulated a large estate, which he left to his heirs in 1822.

 

and the great-great-grandfather of the chief justice was born in Saco in 1635;
driven by Indian hostilities in 1689 from his large possessions on the Kennebec,
he sought refuge at Fort Loyal in this town, where he and his son' James were
killed when the fort was taken in May, 1690. His eldest son, Daniel, moved to
Charlestown, Massachusetts, where he died in 1694, aged twenty-seven, leaving
a son, Isaac, who was grandfather of the subject of this notice.
LAWYERS. 633

fellow died August 8, 1849. In 1806, Prentiss Mellen moved
here from Biddeford, and Ezekiel Whitman from New Glou-
cester, and were followed by Samuel Fessenden and Simon
Greenleaf, all of them distinguished lawyers, who had com-
menced practice in the country.!_ I have not room here to speak

1 Mr. Mellen was born at Sterling, Massachusetts, in October, 1764, and grad-
uated at Harvard College in 1784; he practiced law a few months in his native
town, and two years in Bridgewater, when he moved to Biddeford by advice
of the late Judge Thatcher, and both there and inthis town, he had a very ex-
tensive practice which extended into every county in Maine; he was appointed
first chief justice of the State in 1820, at which time he was senator in Congress
from Massachusetts. He died in 1840. Mr. Whitman was born at Bridgewater
in Massachusetts, in March, 1776, and graduated at Brown University in 1795,
On his admission to the bar, he practiced law at Turner, in that part of Cumber-
land now forming the county of Oxford, and was the only lawyer in that part
of the country; he moved in a few months to New Gloucester, and in 1806, to
this town. He was appointed chief justice of the Common Pleas in 1822, being
then representative to Congress from Cumberland district, and chief justice of
the Supreme Court in 1841. Mr. Greenleaf was appointed professor of law at
Harvard College in April, 1833. He died in 1853, aged seventy years.

Chief Justice Mellen retired from the bench in October, 1884, at the age of
seventy, that being then the constitutional jlimit of the office. He discharged
the duties of the office with singular fidelity and ability. The best evidence of
his learning and skill is contained in the first eleven volumes of the Maine Re-
ports. In these volumes his elaborate and carefully drawn opinions occupy a
large space and illustrate the most important parts of our legal system. He sur-
vived this event six years, during a portion of which, he was at the head of a
commission appointed by the Executive to revise and modify the public statutes
of the State. He died on the last day of the year 1840, full of honors, of years,
and of the respect of his fellow-men.

Judge Whitman was elected to Congress for four terms in 1808, 1816, 1819,
and 1821 ; he was a member of the Executive council of Massachusetts in 1815
and 1816. In December, 1841, after a distinguished service on the bench of the
Common Pleas for nineteen years, he was appointed chief justice of the Su-
preme Court of Maine, and held the office to near the close of the constitutional
term of seven years, when he resigned the position in the seventy-third year of
his age, and retired to private life. In the office of judge, which he held for
nearly twenty-seven years, he devoted the best powers of his clear and well bal-
anced mind to the faithful and impartial administration of justice; and no judge
has ever left the bench with a clearer record. His opinions, contained in nine

41
634 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of these and other lawyers of the Cumberland Bar, as their
merits deserved, but must refer to my more copious work on
the “Law and Lawyers of Maine.’ The number of practicing
attorneys in town in 1812 was nineteen, and in the county,
forty-three ; in 1831 there were fifty-seven in the county, of
whom thirty-three resided in Portland. In 1840 the number
in the State was four hundred and thirty-seven, of whom sixty-
six belonged to the Cumberland Bar. In 1850 the number
in the State was five hundred and twenty-nine, of whom sixty-
five resided in Portland. The bar of this county since the
revolution, has furnished two chief justices of the Supreme
Court, Mellen and Whitman; six associate justices of the
Supreme Court, Preble, Parris, Emery, Howard, Fox, Bar-

 

volumes of the Maine Reports, twenty-first to the twenty-ninth, are characterized
by great clearness of statement and simplicity of language, and present the
points in issue and the law upon them, with sound learning and directness of
application. This esteemed gentleman is living in 1864, at East Bridgewater
Massachusetts, his native town, in the eighty-ninth year of his age, and is the
oldest surviving member of the Bar of Maine. Samuel Thatcher of Brewer,
four months his junior in age, is about a year his senior at the bar.

The following members of the Cumberland Bar have received the honorary
title of LL. D.

“Isaac Parker, Harvard, 1814.
Prentiss Mellen, Harvard, 1820. Bowdoin, 1820.
Stephen Longfellow, Bowdoin, 1828.
William P. Preble, Bowdoin, 1829.
Ashur Ware, Bowdoin, 1887.
Simon Greenleaf, Harvard, 1834. Amherst, 1845.
Ezekiel Whitman, Brown, 1848. Bowdoin, 1848.
Ether Shepley, Dartmouth.

Charles 8S. Daveis, Bowdoin, 1844.
George Evans, Bowdoin, 1847.
William P, Fessenden, Harvard, 1864. Bowdoin, 1858.

It was formerly the custom, but long since disused, for persons admitted to
the bar, to treat the judges and the lawyers on the occasion; this was called
“the colt’s tail.” Chief Justice Mellen was admitted to the bar in Taunton,
Massachusetts, in 1788, having read law in the oltice of Shearjashub Bourne,
Esq., in the old colony; the judges and lawyers commemorated the event at the
expense of the young attorney in copious libations of punch.
LAWYERS OF THE CUMBERLAND BAR. 635

rows ; one associate justice of the Supreme Court of Massa-
chusetts, Parker; one chief justice of the Common Pleas,
Whitman; one associate, John Frothingham; one solicitor
general of Massachusetts, Davis ; one attorney general, Drum-
mond ; one judge of the District Court of the United States,
Ware ; five judges of Probate, Parris, Potter, Pierce, Barrows,
Waterman ; four registers of Probate, Southgate, Appleton,
Bradford, Holden ; three clerks of the United States Courts,
Mussey, Preble, Emery ; three United States senators, Mellen,
Parris, Fessenden; one United States ambassador, Preble ;
one United States secretary of the treasury, W. P. Fessenden ;
thirteen representatives in Congress, Whitman, Bradbury,
Longfellow, Anderson, Orr, Albert Smith, W. P. Fessenden,
F. 0. J. Smith, Dunlap, N. 8. Littlefield, M. M’Donald, J. Ap-
pleton, Sweat; two reporters of decisions of the Supreme
Court, Greenleaf and John M. Adams, and one professor of law
in Harvard College, Simon Greenleaf; beside numerous sena-
tors and representatives in the State Legislature, and six mayors
of Portland, Emerson, Anderson, Parris, McCobb, Willis, and
Howard.

There have been but few capital trials in this county. The
first which ever took place here was in July, 1772, when one
Goodwin was tried and convicted of murder. He was charged
with throwing a man overboard from a boat in Casco Bay.
There existed some doubt of his guilt and he was reprieved
three times, but was afterward executed on the 12th of No-
vember, 1772. A great concourse of people, excited by the
novelty of the scene, was collected on the occasion, said to
have been the largest ever assembled in town. Mr. Clark of
Cape Elizabeth, preached a lecture to the multitude, in the
presence of the prisoner, and prayed at the gallows.

The next capital trial which took place here, was that of
George Pierce of Otisfield for the murder of John McIntosh of
the same town in 1789. He was tried in July, 1790, and con-
636 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

_ victed of manslaughter, it being satisfactorily proved to the
court and jury that the death was occasioned in self-defense."

The next case of this nature was that of Thomas Bird and
Hans Hanson, one an Englishman, the other a Swede, for mur-
der and piracy. They had murdered the master of a small.
sloop of about thirty tons burden, on the coast of Africa in
1789, and came in her to this bay, where they commenced a
traffic with the inhabitants of Cape Elizabeth. Information
having been given to the naval officer of this port that a foreign
vessel was anchored in Cape Cove, he proceeded there to seize
her, but she put to sea before he could accomplish his object ;
two vessels were then fitted out from this town, manned by
volunteers, which came up with her, and brought her into
port, on the 28th of July. An examination was had before
the Supreme Court which was then here, and they were bound
over for trial.

Subsequent to this, the jurisdiction of maritime causes hay-
ing been yielded by the States to the United States, the trial
was had in the District Court held in this town in May, 1790,
and was the first criminal trial which had taken place in that
court.2 The prisoners were defended by John Frothingham

1 Mr. Pierce was at work upon a harrow, when McIntosh came up and wished
him to go to his cornfield and see the damage done by his, McIntosh’s horse.
Mr. Pierce declined going, and words ensued, rendered sharper by a previous
quarrel, when McIntosh made toward Pierce with clenched fists, and Pierce
lifting up his hands to resist him, struck him a blow on his head with a mallet,
which occasioned his death.

2The first district judge, David Sewall, was appointed in September, 1789,
and the court first met in December following ; Henry Dearborn was marshal,
William Lithgow, district attorney, and Henry Sewall, clerk. There have been
but three judges in that court, viz.,,Sewall, Parris, and Ware, and three clerks,
Henry Sewall, John Mussey, and W. P. Preble, Jr. At the court held in June,
1792, a trial took place against Skinner and al. for being concerned in the slave
trade. Judgment was rendered against the defendants for fitting out a ship and
importing thirteen slaves ; for fitting out the ship they were fined two hundred
pounds, and fifty pounds for each of the slaves imported. John May of this
town, was prosecutor, who received half of the fine.

Judge Sewall held the office until 1818, when he was succeeded by Albion K.
CAPITAL TRIALS. 637

and William Symmes; and to gratify public curiosity which
was much excited, the trial was had in the meeting-house of
the first parish ; at the close of the first day, the jury brought
in a verdict of guilty against Bird, but acquitted Hanson who
was a boy nineteen years old. Sentence of death was im-
pressively pronounced by Judge Sewall, and the unhappy man
was executed on the 25th of June following ; having been the
first execution under the laws of the United States.!

At the July term, 1791, two boys, James Tool and Francis
Hilton, one eighteen and the other sixteen years of age, were
tried for arson; they were charged with setting fire to the
dwelling-house of William Widgery of New Gloucester, in the
night time, by which it was consumed with all its contents.
One of the boys had confessed that they committed the crime to
revenge themselves on Mr. Widgery for flogging them. They
were defended by the late Chief Justice Parsons, who procured
their acquittal on the ground that the confession was extorted,
and not voluntary ; there being no other direct evidence against
them.

In July, 1798, Jeremiah Pote of Falmouth, was tried and
convicted for the murder of his wife. The crime was commit-
ted in a fit of jealousy, and he was sentenced to be executed
in August, but the time was extended to September, on ac-
count of his sickness.? He died in prison before the time ap-

' The execution took place on Bramhall’s hill at the meeting of the roads from
Back Cove and Stroudwater where the guide-post stood. Three or four thou-
sand people were present.

2He was the son of Gamaliel, and grandson of William Pote, the ancestor of
all of that name here, who was admitted an inhabitant of the town in 1728, and
built the two-story house near Woodford’s Corner, on the old road from Portland,

in which the Rev. Mr. Browne lived and died. William came from Marblehead,
and had seven sons; William, Samuel, Jeremiah, Gamaliel, Elisha, Thomas, and

Greenfield.

 

Parris, who having been chosen governor of the State in 1821, resigned the judge-
ship, and Ashur Ware was appointed, who has ably administered the office to
the present time, forty-two years.
638 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

pointed -for his execution arrived. He killed his wife with a
shovel, and was supposed at the time to have been intoxicated.

In May, 1808, Joseph Drew of Westbrook, was tried for the
murder of Ebenezer Parker, a deputy. sheriff, by striking a
blow with a club upon his head, of which he died in the course
of a week. The court was held in the meeting-house of the
second parish, and after a long and laborious trial; he was con-
victed and sentenced to be executed. The sentence was car-
ried into effect on Munjoy’s hill, July 21, of the same year.’

The only executions for capital offenses which have taken
place in this county, have been those of Goodwin, Bird, and
Drew. There have been several convictions for capital crimes
which sent the guilty parties to the State Prison, subject, as the
law now stands, to imprisonment for life, unless the chief. magis-
trate of the State, after the lapse of one year from the convic-
tion, shall issue his warrant for the execution.?

! Drew was a blacksmith in Saccarappa; Quinby, a debtor, of whom the sher-
iff was in pursuit, had concealed himself in Drew’s shop. Drew undertook to
resist the process, and protect his friend, in doing which, the crime was com-
mitted that cost him his life.

2Chief Justice Mellen has remarked that in an acquaintance of forty-five
years in courts of justice, he never knew but one Quaker brought before a judi-
cial tribunal for a criminal offense. This tribute from that able and experienced
jurist is high commendation to the moral qualities of that worthy sect. ,
CHAPTER XXIII.

ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS AFTER THE REVOLUTION—EPISCOPAL SOCIETY—FirsT PARIsH—SEPARATION
or Tas First Parisd—Szconp Parts iN PortLayp—Mr. KeLLoae serrLep.—First PARisa—
Death or Mr. SiitH—Mr. Nicwors orDAINED—DeaTH or Dr. DEANE SECOND PARISH—MR.
PAYSON ORDAINED—HIS DEATH AND SUCCESSOR—THIRD PaRIsH—CHAPEL SoclETy—TuIRD Parish
—Hics Street Cavrcn — State StaeeT— West CnapeL — ABYSSINIAN —Meruoprst Socrerr—
Baprtists—Curisti4Ns—U NIVERSALISTS—SWEDENBORGIANS—ROMAN CATHOLICS—MARINER’s CHURCH
— BETHEL.

At the commencement of the revolutionary war, there were
but two religious societies on the neck; the old parish and the
episcopal church. Both were shaken to their foundations by
the disastrous events of the war; the episcopal society suffered
most, as the principal supporters of that order adhered to the
royal government and left the country, their pastor, Mr. Wis-
well, being the first to set the example. The ministers of the
other parish also left town, and the people of both societies
were scattered abroad. Mr. Smith went to Windham and
resided with his son Peter, and Mr. Deane retreated to Gorham
where he built a house on a place called Pitchwood Hill, and
which he afterward dignified in song.' They held meetings on
the Neck occasionally in 1776, and Mr. Smith returned to town
in the spring of 1777. Mr. Deane, who often came to town to
perform his clerical duties, did not return permanently until

1Mr. Deane’s poem called ‘“Pitchwood Hill” was published, as well as some
other poetry of his, but -he does not appear to hare been very deeply inspired by
the tuneful sisters. To the credit of the author it must be added, that it was
clandestinely published without his knowledge.
640 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

March, 1782. Many inhabitants moved into the neighboring
towns, who were allowed by resolve of the General Court to
‘pay their taxes during their temporary absence for the support
of the ministry in the first parish of Falmouth.

The religious services of the Church of England were wholly
suspended during the war; in 1785 they were revived, and
Mr. Parker who came here in that year as a schoolmaster, was
employed to read prayers to the society. He continued the ser-
vice about two years in a hired room and was succeeded by
Thomas Oxnard in 1787, who continued as reader until 1792.
He had designed to go to England to take orders, but having
engaged in a correspondence with Mr. Belsham of London,
Dr. Freeman of Boston, and others, he imbibed unitarian views
of religion, and not being able to satisfy his society of their
truth, he was dismissed, and gave up his intention of preach-
ing.! The society erected a church by subscription in 1787 on
the corner of Middle and Church streets, where they held their
meetings until 1803, when the brick church in School street,
called St. Paul’s Church, now occupied by them, was completed.
In 1791, the society was incorporated by the name of “The
Episcopal Church in the town of Portland,’ and then con-
sisted of forty-one male members.?

After Mr. Oxnard was dismissed, the pulpit was supplied
about four of the nine succeeding years by Joseph Hooper and
Rev. Joseph Warren ;? during the remainder of the time until

1 He died in this town, May 20, 1799, aged fifty-nine. His wife was daughter
of Gen. Preble, by whom he had several children.—See Biographical notices.

2The church erected in 1787 was consecrated July 15 of that year, Mr.
Fisher of Salem, officiating on the occasion. It was a wooden building; divested
of its tower it was removed to Federal street, where it was first occupied by the
methodist society, then successively as a currier’s and cabinet maker’s shop, as
a livery stable, and is now in the rear of Mr. Clapp’s brick block, as a wheel-
wright shop.

3 Mr. Warren came here from Gardiner, and removed to one of the southern
States in 1799.
EPISCOPAL SOCIETY. 641

1801, there was no regular preaching. In the latter year, the
Rey. Timothy Hilliard of Cambridge was employed, and con-
tinued the stated preacher of the society until 1809.1. From
this time there was no ministry of any kind for more than five
years, and the members were scattered among other societies.
In 1817 the Rev. Gideon W. Olney was employed a few months,
and was succeeded in 1818 by Rev. Petrus 8S. Tenbroeck, who
was instituted rector in 1819, being the first ever regularly
instituted to that office over the society. He continued to
discharge the pastoral duties with great fidelity until his con-
nection with the society was dissolved in 1831.2 After the
resignation of Mr. Tenbroeck, they had only occasional preach-
ing until toward the close of 1832, when a temporary engage-
ment was made with Rev. George W. Chapman, who continued
about two years. On the 8th November, 1835, the Rev.
Alexander H. Vinton commenced an engagement of about six
months, and was followed by Rev. Thomas M. Clark, Jr., for
three months. In September, the Rev. John N. French en- .
tered upon his duties as rector, and continued to officiate until
December, 1839, when he resigned. These last three distin-
guished preachers found more favorable settlements in large
cities, Mr. Vinton and Mr. Clark in Boston, and Mr. French
in Washington. It was during the ministry of Mr. French,
that the society was re-organized; the old St. Paul’s had be-
come embarrassed in its affairs, and made an effort to extricate
itself by the formation of a new society and taking a new

1Mr. Hilliard graduated at Cambridge in 1793; he was son of Timothy Hil-
liard, minister of that town. He moved to Gorham, where he died in 1842.
His wife was niece of Mrs. Col. Tyng, and that excellent lady bequeathed her
property to Mrs. Hilliard and her children.

2Mr. Tenbroeck was from New York; at the commencement of his ministry
the number of communicants did not exceed twelve, at its close they were fifty-
nine, in sixty families. His Sunday-school contained ninety-six pupils under
twenty-eight teachers. He died in Danvers, Mass., January, 1849, aged fifty-
seven, leaving a large family by his wife, the eldest daughter of Levi Cutter of
Portland.
642 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

name. In 1839 St. Stephen’s Parish was organized under an
act of incorporation, and received a conveyance of all the
property of St. Paul’s, which was dissolved in October, 1841.
The new society, on January 15, 1840, installed the Rev.
James Pratt as rector, who continued for eighteen years suc-
cessfully ministering to a large congregation, when in Novem-
ber, 1858, he was dismissed at his own request to take charge
of the society of the Rev. Mr. Tyng, of Philadelphia, whose
sudden death deprived them of an eloquent and popular pastor.
Mr. Pratt’s was the longest pastorate which had existed in that
church. The Rev. Roger S. Howard succeeded Mr. Pratt and
continued two years, and was followed by the Rev. William
Stevens Perry, who resigned in November, 1863, preaching his
farewell sermon on the twenty-ninth day of that month.
The Rev. A. Dalton, lately of St. John’s church, Bangor,
immediately followed Mr. Perry, and is the present rector.
The parish has, in 1864, two hundred and forty families,
nearly three hundred communicants, a Sunday-school of
two hundred and forty pupils, and twenty-four teachers. In
1856, the old St. Paul’s church, erected in 1803, was entirely
re-modeled and enlarged at an expense of over fifteen thousand
dollars by the parish of St. Stephen, which now occupies the
building. ,

 $t. Paul’s Parish had to struggle with many embarrassments.
Before the war of the revolution, it was in quite a flourishing
condition, was aided by the influence of government, and many
of the principal men of the town for rank and property, were
numbered among its members; but that event made a sad
inroad upon it, and it never recovered its former standing.
The most flourishing period of its history after the war, was
about 1800 ; it was then sustained by Col. Waite, the Fosdicks,
Messrs. Thurlo, Motley, Symmes, Col. Tyng, and other men
of property, to whose exertions the society was indebted for the
neat and handsome church which belonged to it. But as the
early supporters of the cause left the stage of action, their
ST. LUKE’S PARISH. 643

places were not supplied by the succeeding generation. At
the commencement of 1833, the number of families belonging
to the society, was sixty, beside about twenty gentlemen with-
out families ; the number of communicants fifty-five.

The growth of the city at its westerly end, and the increas-
ing numbers who preferred the Episcopal form of worship,
induced several gentlemen in 1851, to establish a new Epis-
copal church in that part of the town. A corporation was
formed under the general statute, April 19 of that year, and
a meeting was called of persons favorable to the design, signed
by James T. McCobb, H. W. Hersey, John Merrill, Reuben
Ordway, Josiah S. Little, E. P. Gerrish, Charles B. Merrill,
Edward E. Upham, J. T. Smith, E. C. Andrews, N. P. Rich-
ardson, Frederic Davis, and 8. A. Merrill. They proceeded to
organize a society, and made choice of Right Rev. Horatio
Southgate, who had been missionary bishop of Constantinople,
as their rector. He continued to officiate at Union Hall which
had been conveniently arranged for the purpose, until his
resignation May 1, 1852. Rev. Benjamin H. Paddock officiated
two months as rector in 1853, and was succeeded in April, 1854,
in the rectorship by Rev. Alexander Burgess, the present
pastor. The society became so prosperous, that in the summer
of 1854, they commenced the construction of the beautiful
stone church which they now occupy near the corner of State
and Congress streets, the corner stone of which was laid
August 9, 1854, and which was consecrated to its sacred uses
July 1, 1855. It is furnished with a fine bell weighing over
three thousand pounds, and an excellent organ.

At the organization of the society it had but twenty-three
communicants ; there have since been added five hundred and
thirty-three, and the present number, 1864, is two hundred
and seventy-six. The number of confirmations has been two
hundred and thirty-four, and of baptisms four hundred and
seventeen.

The officers of the church for the year 1864, are, George
6 44 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

E. B. Jackson, and N. P. Richardson, wardens; Henry W.
Hersey, clerk; George EH. Small, treasurer ; and eleven vestry-
men. The society is in a flourishing condition, and the church
edifice a fine specimen of architectural beauty, and an orna-
ment to the city.

It was sometime after the close of the war, before the first
parish could collect its scattered members and recover itself
from the absolute depression to which its fortunes had been
reduced. They were at this time in peculiarly unfortunate
circumstances, having two ministers to support, and in arrears
to them both for past labors. They had done what they could
to support public worship, but they were lamentably poor and
dispirited ; dissatisfaction began to exhibit itself in the parish,
and in addition to their outward embarrassments, they had to
contend with a powerful and increasing opposition among
themselves. In 1782 they voted one hundred pounds to each
of the ministers for his services that year and the year before,
together with the contributions which were weekly collected.
In 1783 the parish applied to both ministers to relinquish a
portion of their salaries in regard to the extreme pressure of
the times, and to accept of a limited sum in full compensation
for arrearages. Dr. Deane declined acceding to the proposal.

1 The Dr. conveyed his views to the parish in a letter, of which the following
is a copy.

Gentlemen of the First Parish in Falmouth :

“TI have been so sensible of the sufferings of this parish ever since the com-
mencement of the war, that I have exerted myself by all fit and possible means
to lighten your expense in supporting public worship and instruction, and have
endeavored to promote your spiritual welfare to the best of my power. And as
your sufferings were by far the greatest in the former part of the war, then was
the time when I gave up the most of what the parish had established for my
support. But now when we look on the war as almost ended, and have great
reason to think hostilities have ceased on this continent, I hope you will call to
mind my past difficulties and sufferings, and how large a share I have borne
with you in the public troubles, and do by me as you would be willing to be
done to in the like circumstances. You will recollect that all the reward I
have received and am to receive in lieu of my salary for eight years last past,
FIRST PARISH. 645

The salaries paid to the two ministers from the time of Dr.
Deane’s settlement in 1764 until 1775, had been one hundred
pounds each ; in 1775, in consequence of the losses sustained
by the war, they relinquished the whole of their salaries, and
the year after accepted of seventy pounds each; in 1777 and
1778, they were again raised to one hundred pounds each.
But the war continuing to exhaust the resources of the people,
they felt unable to sustain this expenditure, and the amount
was reduced to one hundred pounds, to be equally divided un-
til 1783, when after the correspondence we have before noticed,
the salaries were raised to seventy-five pounds each, at which
they continued until 1792, when Dr. Deane’s was advanced to
one hundred pounds and remained so during his life, with the
addition of fifty-one dollars and sixty-six cents annually after

 

does not amount to more than three hundred pounds, and that this sum will not
purchase near so much of the necessaries of life, as it would before the war. I
trust you do not wish me to relinquish so much of my salary as to oblige me to
discontinue my services among you. But I imagine the true reason of the mo-
tion you now make me, isa mistaken idea of my circumstances. I have already
sunk hundreds of pounds of my real estate, and I can see no reason why I
should go on to sink the remainder. I wish for no more than a bare living in
reward of my constant endeavors to do that for which I was called and ordained
to my ministry. Yea, I will accept of less than so much, and I think the most
of you are sensible that one hundred pounds paid mostly in goods and work at
the prices now current here, is quite inadequate to the support of even © small
family, with any degree of elegance or decency. I may add, that if you should
see your way clear to pay your ministers their full salaries, it will not make, I
suppose, a higher rate than the last was, But if after what I have said, you
are still desirous of an abatement, I will propose to you one of the following :
Either pay me seventy-five pounds for the year 1783, or deduct the whole of
my nett income for all my lands out of one hundred pounds and pay me the
remainder as my salary for said year; only let the deduction be made by
judicious and impartial men. I mention this last method because some persons
have endeavored to make my income believed to be greater than it is, that so
the people may be led to do little or nothing towards my support. Wishing
grace, mercy, and peace may be multiplied unto you, I remain your servant
for Jesus’ sake.”
646 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1797, for a release of his interest in the parsonage at that time
sold.!

In 1786 there was a party in the parish desirous of with-
drawing support from Mr. Smith, who was now eighty-four
years old and unable to discharge the whole duties of his office;
application was made to him to relinquish his salary, which he
declined doing. After several meetings a salary was at length
voted to him, and also the arrearages. Great excitement ex-
isted at this time in the parish; some were dissatisfied with
the ministers, others with the location of the house, and the
whole aspect of affairs foreboded a dissolution of the ancient
society. The old meeting-house, pierced and shattered by the
enemy, and suffering from subsequent neglect, was a melan-
choly ruin ; many believed it unworthy of repair, and a commit-
tee had reported that it would cost two hundred pounds to restore
it. Some were for building a new house, another party was
desirous to sell the parish lands, and others were for repair-
ing the house, paying all arrearages, and taxing the pews to
pay the expense. In 1787 a vote actually passed to pull down
the old meeting-house and build a new one by subscription, and.
Samuel Freeman, one of the most active and influential men
in the parish, opened a paper for the purpose. Matters were
now brought to acrisis, and a separation of the disaffected
party took place; they were set off from the first parish Sep-
tember 12, 1787, by a vote of twenty-nine to thirteen, and
formed a new, now the second parish in Portland.? They pro-
cured an act of incorporation in March, 1788, one of the

' This made the whole salary of Dr. Deane but three hundred and eighty-five
dollars a year until 1802, when five pounds were added, equal to sixteen dollars
and sixty-seven cents for his release of the weekly contribution, which had to
that period been gathered every Sunday.

2The persons set off were John Fox, Thomas Sandford, Lemuel Weeks, Jo-
seph H. Ingraham, John Curtis, Joseph McLellan, Joseph Jewett, John Bagley,
James Jewett, Hugh McLellan, Abner Lowell, Joshua Robinson, William Moody,
and Enoch Moody.
SECOND PARISH. 647

conditions of which was that they should contribute to the
support of the Rev. Mr. Smith one-quarter part of the amount
voted to him by the first parish.!

_ The separation was not without pain, and was not readily
granted ; at a meeting in August, a vote for that object could
not be carried, and an attempt was made afterward to reconcile
the difficulties; another meeting was called on the 28th of
August, when the following subjects were brought under dis-
cussion, viz., “to take into consideration the expediency of
building a meeting-house, the subscribers for pews to pay the
expense of building, and the ministry to be supported by a tax
on the pews. 2. To see if the parish will consent that the old
meeting-house should be taken down and worked into a new
one. 3. To seeif they will take any steps to procure a lot
whereon to set such new meeting-house,” and what they would
do with the old lot. But all attempts at conciliation failed.
Immediately after the separation, the separatists wrote to the
Rev. Mr. Murray of Newburyport to recommend a candidate
to preach to them, who sent them the Rev. Elijah Kellogg. He
had studied his profession under the direction of Mr. Murray,
and came to Portland in October, 1787, when he preached four
Sabbaths in the north school-house, which was situated at the
foot of Middle street. The excitement which existed in town,
the novelty of the occasion, and the peculiar and ardent man-
ner of Mr. Kellogg drew around him a large congregation, and
for a time almost overturned the foundation of the old parish.
The next year the new society erected the meeting-house,
which is now occupied by the parish, and on the 80th of Sep-
tember a church was gathered, consisting of eleven male mem-
bers; the house was first opened on Sunday, September 28,

1 The number of persons named in the charter is fifty-nine including those
mentioned in the preceding note.
2Mr. Smith exclaims, October, 1787, ‘Poor Portland is plunging into ruiuous

confusion by the separation. A great flocking to the separate meeting last Sun-
day and this, in the school-house.”
648 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1788, and Mr. Kellogg was ordained October 1st following.' It
may be here remarked that the division of the old society was
not occasioned by any difference of religious sentiment, and
although they are now so widely separated by their modes of
faith, nothing of the kind at the time of separation was exhib-

ited or existed.

1 Mr. Kellogg preached a dedication sermon on the opening of the house. At
the ordination, Mr. Williams of Falmouth made the prayer, Mr. Thatcher of
Boston preached the sermon, Dr. Hemmenway of Wells prayed before the
charge, Mr. Browne of Falmouth delivered the charge, the fellowship of the
churches was given by Mr. Clark of Cape Elizabeth, and Mr. Lancaster of Scar-
borough made the concluding prayer. Mr. Thatcher’s sermon was published.
Father Smith, notwithstanding his strong feeling on the subject, attended the
ordination. The setttlement was two hundred and fifty pounds; for his sup-
port the first three years, Mr. Kellogg received, by his own choice, the voluntary
contribution of the society, although a salary was voted him. He graduated at
Dartmouth College in 1785, at the age of twenty-four, having previously served
in the army of the revolution. The newspapers, speaking of commencement exer-
cises, said, ‘In the afternoon, Mr. Kellogg opened the entertainment by an elegant
and animated oration on eloquence.” He was animated, popular, and drew full
audiences. In July, 1792, he married Eunice, daughter of Joseph McLellan,
then a wealthy merchant in Portland, by whom he had several children. His two
sons, Joseph M. and Rev. Elijah, seamen’s minister in Boston, survive. He lost
his popularity and iufluence by engaging in speculations and pursuits outside of
his profession. He purchased a large tract of land on Washington street, with
a view to improvements; and in 1799 he commenced building the large block of
brick stores and connected tenements, at the lower end of Exchange street,
which he named “Jones’s Row,” from Phineas Jones a former owner of the land.
He built a fine house on Free street in 1795, which he afterward sold to Judge
Isaac Parker, who sold it in 1806, to Benjamin Willis, in whose family it now re-
mains. He was a man of large enterprise and public spirit, and had he chosen
a different field of labor, his life would have been crowned with more useful and
profitable results. He commenced the beautiful work, since so successfully fol-
lowed, of planting trees for the ornament of the town. His own grounds were
filled with them, and he planted a row of poplars on Washington street, of
which now, a solitary one, only remains.

He continued sole pastor until 1807, when he called to his aid the ardent and
talented Edward Payson of whom and of whose wonderful career, we shall here-
after speak. Mr. Kellogg, after a varied and checkered life, died March 9, 1842,
aged eighty-one years, eight months, beloved and honored for piety and benevo-
lence,
FIRST PARISH. 649

After the storm which had resulted in a division of the first
parish had subsided, the members who adhered to the ancient
spot, bound more closely together by the troubles which pressed
upon them, now resolved to use vigorous measures to sustain
the society. For this purpose a committee was authorized to
sell the parish lands and form a fund, the income of which
should be applied to the uses of the parish. They also put in
execution in 1788, a law which had been passed in 1786, allow-
ing them to assess their taxes upon the pews, instead of the
polls and estates as before practiced. This was a judicious
measure, for though it caused considerable sensation at first,
by throwing a number of pews into the market, it resulted in
increasing and strengthening the society.!. Pews were sold for
taxes as low as ten shillings six pence and twenty shillings, and
the prospect was alarming; but young men and mechanics
being able to purchase a pew for a trifle, disregarded the tax
of four or five dollars on a pew and joined the parish. This
compelled the other society in 1789 to adopt the same course.
In February, 1789, an act was passed authorizing the religious
societies in Portland to tax pews.

The idea of building a new house was now abandoned, the
most ardent supporters of that project having seceded; atten-
tion was next directed to render the old house safe and com-
fortable. For this purpose a committee was raised in 1792,
and two hundred and fifty pounds appropriated for repairs.
At this time the old building was completely resuscitated, the
outside and the steeple painted, and an entire new countenance
was put upon the affairs of the parish.

About this time the venerable Smith ceased from his labors.

1 The parish land in Westbrook, containing thirty-eight acres, was sold in 1796
for twenty dollars an acre, and the same year a sixty-acre lot at Presumpscot
was sold at four dollars an acre. In 1797 the beautiful lot in Congress street
adjoining the meeting-house lot was sold for one thousand three hundred and
thirty-three dollars. The parish was at that time in debt four hundred and fifty-

three pounds.
650 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

He died May 23d, 1795, in the ninety-fourth year of his age,
after a ministry with the people here of sixty-eight years and
two months.!. The whole parochial duty now fell upon Mr.

1Mr. Smith was the eldest son of Thomas Smith, a merchant of Boston; his
mother’s maiden name was Mary Curran; he was born in Boston, March 10, 1702,
graduated at Harvard College, 1720, and settled in the ministry here in 1727.
His grandparents were Capt. Thomas Smith, a sea captain, and Rebecca Glover,
great-granddaughter of Rev. Jobn Elliott of Boston. He was three times mar-
ried; his first wife was a daughter of Col. Tyng of Dunstable, whom he married
in 1728, and who died October 1, 1742; the second was the widow of Capt, Sam-
uel Jordan of Saco, her maiden name was Olive Plaisted, who originated in Ber-
wick ; he married her in 1744 and she died in 1763; his third wife was widow
Elizabeth Wendell, who survived him. He had eight children, all by his first
wife, only two of whom survived him, viz., Peter, born in 1731, and Sarah,
born in 1740, who both died in 1827. His other children were Thomas, born
September 19, 1729, died the February following ; Lucy, born February 22,
1734, married Thomas Sanders of Gloucester, 1751, by whom she had eight chil-
dren, whose descendants are numerous in the name of Sanders, Sargent, Dolliver,
Babbitt, Cushman, Saltonstall, etc. She married for her second husband, Rey.
Eli Forbes of Gloucester in 1776, but had no children by him. His fourth child
Thomas, born September 12, 1735, married Lucy, a daughter of Phineas Jones,
and died without issue in 1776; William, born 1736, died unmarried, 1754; John,
born 1738, educated a physician and died unmarried in 1773; Sarah, born 1740,
married Dea. Richard Codman in 1763, and died September 10, 1827, in the eighty-
seventh year of her age, having had two sons and three daughters. The eighth
child born 1742, lived but two weeks. All the descendants of this venerable
man are derived from his three children, Peter, Lucy, and Sarah. Peter had
eleven children, who left numerous descendants in the names of Farwell, Smith,
Anderson, Winslow, Thomas, etc. Services were performed atte meeting-
house over the dead body of the ancient pastor, on which occasion Mr. Kellogg
pronounced an address, from which we borrow the following eloquent passages :
“On the record of Harvard’s sons, we find his solitary name; to all around is
prefixed the signature of death. The wilderness where he first pitched his tent,
is now the place of vineyards and of gardens. Not a soul that first composed
his flock is now in the land of the living! He lived to see this town respectable
in numbers and character, adorned with elegant buildings and rising in com-
merce. He saw it also laid in ashes in one day; himself and his flock scattered
abroad to wander without shelter under inclement skies. He lived under the
reigns of four different sovereigns. He saw death take one governor after another
from the head of the province, judges from the bench, and ministers of God from
his temple.” Dr. Deane, ina sermon preached the Sunday after his funeral, thus
speaks of the worthy patriarch: “He preached in histurn till the close of the
FIRST PARISH. 651

Deane, who had been the colleague of Mr. Smith thirty-one
years. The Dr. continued to sustain the charge until 1809,
when Mr. Nichols was ordained colleague. Dr. Deane’s health

 

year, 1784, and his mental faculties since that period have been go little impaired,
that until within a year anda half of his decease he has assisted in the work of the
sanctuary with ability and to edification by his public prayers. Though his voice
was always feeble, the excellency of his elocution, accompanied with a venerable
and becoming gravity, rendered his performances very acceptable. Possessing
in a high degree the spirit of prayer, devotion could not but be excited in the
breasts of the serious part of his audience. In sermons his composition was
elegant and his language chaste and correct. Nor was he wanting in animation
and pathos in his pertinent addresses to his hearers.” Again: “blest with a
singular strength of memory, which he retained with but little abatement to the

last, and with a lively imagination, his conversation was at once instructive and
entertaining. Perhaps the most striking traits in his religious character were
his spirituality in devotion, and his most exact and scrupulous temperance in all
things. His hearers can witness how often he enlivened their souls with the fer-
vency of his addresses to the throne of grace in public; how ready he was in pri-
vate to give a spiritual and heavenly turn to conversation ; and what a faculty he
had of doing it with dignity and ease.” The morning Dr. Deane preached the

funeral sermon, the second parish and their minister attended in a body out of

respect to his memory. Notwithstanding he was for a long course of years, the
most distinguished preacher in this part of the country, but two discourses of
his were published, one delivered at the ordination of the Rev Solomon Lombard
in Gorham, the other to sea-faring men of his own parish, in 1771. Beside his
clerical duties, Mr. Smith was for many years the only physician in town; in
times of unusual sickness he was constantly occupied in this capacity. In No-

vember, 1748, he says ‘‘I am perpetually hurried with the sick; the whole prac-
tice rests on me.”

During Mr, Smith’s ministry there were baptized in his society, two thousand
three hundred and sixty-three children and thirty-one adults, and three hundred
and seventy-nine persons were admitted to the church. The whole number of
persons admitted to the church from March 8, 1727 to December 31, 1842, was
seven hundred and forty-three. From the settlement of Dr. Deane, 1764, to the
ordination of Dr? Nichols in 1809, the number of admissions was one hundred
and seventy-one. In Dr. Nichols’s ministry from 1809 to 1855, there were three
hundred and thirteen admissions to the church. The following points present
Mr. Smith’s views of Christian doctrines.

1. That God made man after his own image, holy, just, and good, and there-
fore perfectly happy.

2, That man fell from this state of perfect rectitude, and thereby brought upon,
or subjected himself to eternal misery.
652 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and strength had failed considerably several years before Mr.
Nichols was associated with him, and the parish had procured
persons to assist him in his labors. Among these were Rev.
Samuel Cary, afterward of the Stone Chapel, Boston, Joseph
McKean, afterward Prof. of Elocution in Harvard College,
Rev. Mr. Ely, Rev. S. Thacher, and Rev. John Codman.

Mr. Codman preached four Sabbaths in 1808; he had re-
cently returned from England, and was earnest and animated ;
he was connected with the family of Deacon Codman, one of
the most considerable in the parish. Dr. Deane was weary
and needed relief, and urged his settlement. He said ina
letter to Deacon Freeman, ‘I dread to be left alone, for I am
not equal to preaching twice in one day. Mr. Codman is
greatly admired by many. He is orthodox and ingenious, and
Ithink very generally esteemed. I wish we may be directed to
do what is best.”

But Mr. Codman was too orthodox for the existing senti-
ment of the parish, and although the church voted six to three
to invite him to a settlement, the parish did not concur, only
three voting for him. Mr. Payson in a letter spoke of Mr.
Codman as ‘“‘a young gentleman of independent fortune. He
has been studying divinity in Scotland and preaches the doc-
trines of the gospel in a clear and distinguishing manner.”
What he means by this expression, may be seen in another

 

3. That God so loved the world, that he gave his only son Christ Jesus to re-
deem mankind from this state of punishment for sin, who made an atonement
therefor by his sufferings and death, and thereby purchased the grant of repen-
tance.

4. To enable man to repent, he promised to send his Holy Spirit to them who
ask it. If ye being evil, etc.

5. Therefore to recover a state of happiness we are by the assistance of the
Spirit to repent and be obedient, and by so doing, we shall obtain eternal life.

For a more full biography of Mr. Smith, I refer to my edition of Smith’s and
Deane’s Journals, pp. 7, 34. I annex a fac-simile of his signature.
FIRST PARISH———DR. DEANE. 653

letter of October 10, 1808. <I have had some relief of late
by Mr. Codman’s being here, at the old parish, and preaching
such doctrines as I do.”” He was subsequently settled at Dor-
chester, Massachusetts.

In January, 1809, Mr. Nichols first preached here, and
supplied the pulpit four Sabbaths. On the 27th of February
the parish unanimously concurred with the church in extend-
ing an invitation to him to settle with them, and voted a salary
of twelve hundred dollars a year. He accepted the invitation
on the 20th of March, and was ordained on the 7th of June
following. The ordaining council was composed of the Cum-
berland Association of ministers, to which was added by invi-
tation of the pastor elect, Dr. Lathrop, Dr. Kirkland, and Mr.
Buckminster of Boston, Mr. Cary of Newburyport, Dr. Bar-
nard of Salem, and Mr. Abbott of Beverly ; the venerable Dr.
Lathrop was moderator. The services were performed as fol-
lows: The first prayer by Dr. Kirkland, sermon by Dr. Bar-
nard, the pastor and instructor of the candidate, ordaining
prayer by Mr. Lancaster of Scarborough, the charge by Dr.
Deane, the right hand of fellowship by Mr. Buckminster, and the
concluding prayer by Mr. Abbott. All the services were of a
high order. It was desired that Mr. Payson, who had been
recently settled over the second society, should extend the fel-
lowship of the churches to the new pastor, but he deferred an
answer until the examination of the candidate before the coun-
cil, which not being satisfactory to him on doctrinal views, he
alone of the council, refused his approbation, and declined
taking any part in the ordination. He says in a letter, “‘The
ordination is just af hand and engrosses universal attention in
town. The candidate is a fine scholar, has an amiable dispo-
sition * * and has treated me in that frank, open, friendly
manner, which is calculated to win me over to his side * I hope
Lshall be able to act as duty requires.” This incident increased
the unfriendly feelings which existed between the two socie-
ties, which was made more bitter in 1811, by the refusal of the
654 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

pastors of the second parish to permit Mr. Nichols to preach in
their pulpit by appointment of the association of ministers to
which they all belonged. Mr. Nichols was afterward excluded
from the association on doctrinal objections, and the breach
between the societies in pastoral relations, became permanent.
—See Deane’s Journal, p. 395.

The parish after the secession in 1787, gradually gathered
strength as it advanced, and rose with the prosperity of the town
to a highly flourishing condition. The meeting-house, which
in every well regulated society is an object of proper regard,
was not neglected in this; in 1800 the steeple and vane were
repaired, and in 1803 and 1804 the remainder of the building
outside and within was thoroughly painted. In 1801 the town
placed a clock on the tower, the first which was introduced in
the town or the State; in 1804 a new bell was procured from
England weighing seventeen hundred and twenty-one pounds,
to supply the place of the old one which had been many years
cracked.! The first bell had been in use forty-six years; the
second was placed in the tower September 7, 1804, and had a
peculiarly rich and sweet tone. It also, in its turn, became
cracked, and in 1862 a new bell was procured from Troy, New
York, which weighed three thousand three hundred and forty
pounds, the largest in the city, and is of a deep and powerful

tone. It bears upon its sides the following inscriptions :
“Old First Parish,
Portland, Me.

Thomas Smith, 1727.

Samuel Deane, 1764.

Ichabod Nichols, 1809.

Horatio Stebbins, 1855.

0, Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth.
First bell, 1758.
Second. 1804.
Third, 1862.
Jones & Company, Founders, Troy, N. Y., 1862.”

1 Belknap’s psalms and hymns were introduced in 1801 instead of Tate and
Brady’s; which in turn were superseded by Greenwood’s in December, 1832.
“March 10, 1756, Voted, That twenty-five pounds be raised to purchase Tate and
Brady’s Psalm Book, with the tunes annexed.”—Parish Records.
FIRST PARISH—DR. DEANE. 655

It was hoisted to its destined place September 8, 1862, just
fifty-eight years from the time the same service was rendered
to its predecessor. Its key note is E flat; that of the Second
Parish, A flat; State Street, F; St Luke’s, the second largest,
E flat, a little sharp.

Dr. Deane lived to see the parish established on a firm foun-
dation, and its spiritual concerns in the guidance of able hands.
He died on the 12th of November, 1814, in the eighty-first
year of his age, and the fiftieth year of his ministry.!

' Dr. Deane was descended from Walter Deane, the first of the name in this
country, who emigrated with his brother John from Chardin, Somersetshire,
England, in 1636. He was in the fifth degree from Walter through his son John.
After remaining a year in Dorchester near Boston, he moved to Taunton, where
he died, having had six children. Dr. Deane was the eldest son of Deacon
Samuei Deane and Rachel Dwight, and was born in Dedham, Massachusetts, in
1733. He graduated at Harvard College in 1760, with a high reputation as a
scholar; was appointed tutor there in 1763, and continued in the office until he
accepted the call of the first parish the next year. While at Cambridge, he
composed a Latin poem, which with a volume of complimentary effusions from
the University, was presented to George III, on his accession to the throne.* The
poem was highly spoken of. He also published several other poems, the longest
of which was Pitchwood Hill in hexameter. His largest work and one to which
he was most devoted, and which will longest preserve his memory is, his ‘“Georgi-
cal Dictionary, or New England Farmer” first published in 1790. The Dr. ardently
devoted himself to agricultural pursuits and has preserved the practical results
of his experiments in this valuable volume; a new edition was published by
Mr. Fessenden of Boston. Beside the foregoing works the Dr. published an
oration delivered July 4, 1793, an election sermon delivered in 1794, two dis-
courses to the young men of his parish, and some other sermons. He was a
man of good personal appearance and of grave and dignified deportment, but
in hours of relaxation he was fond of indulging in social conversation which he

enlivened with pleasantry and wit. Several anecdotes of the quickness of his

repartee are remembered of him. On one occasion when he was a tutor in
College, he was showing a stranger the curiosities of the Museum, among which
was a remarkably long sword; the gentleman asked the history of it. Mr.
Deane replied, he believed it was the sword with which Balaam threatened to

This volum2 was entitled “Péctas et Gratulatio Cantabrigiensis Apud Novanglos.” Mr.

Deane’s poem was in English and numbered ten in the collection.—See Biographical notice of Dr.

Deane, in my edition of Smith and Deane’s Journals.
656 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

As the parish increased, the inconveniences of the old meet-
ing-house began to be seriously felt, and in 1821 a project was
suggested for altering the form of the pews to increase the
accommodation of the society. This did not prevail, probably
from a desire in many to erect on the site of the old house a
new one more suited to the wants and condition of the parish.
After much conversation and effort on the subject, the society
in November, 1824, came to the conclusion to build a new
meeting-house on the spot occupied by the old one, to be com-
menced early the next spring and to be finished without delay.
In pursuance of this vote, the present church was constructed
of undressed granite in 1825.' The ground floor is eighty-two
feet long by sixty-two feet wide, and contains one hundred and
thirty-eight pews; in the gallery there were thirty-eight pews,
beside the orchestra. The house was finished in January and

1 The corner-stone was laid by the venerable Samuel Freeman in the pre-
sence of a very large assembly, May 9th, 1825’; on the south-east corner under
the stone, a silver plate was laid with thisinscription. ‘This C. Stone of ye Ch.
of ye 1st Par. in Port’d, was laid by the Hon. 8. Freeman, May 9, 1825, on the
site of the former Ch. erected in 1740, enlarged in 1759, and removed in 1825,
Build. Com’e, A. Newhall, J. Richardson, and J. Mussey, Esqrs. Ist Pas. Rev.
T. Smith, ord’d in 1727, and Sen. Coll. from 1764 to his death,in 1795 with the
Rev. Dr. Deane, who died in 1814, and with whom the 8rd and present Pas. the
Rev. Dr. Nichols was associated in 1809. Deacons, Hon. 8. Freeman and W.
Storer. Par. Com. Hon. B. Potter, C. B. Brooks, Esq., and J. Harrod. Treas.
and Clerk, C. 8. Davies, Esq. (On the other side.) Builders: Henry Dyer,
Mason ; Nathan How, Carpenter; Stephen Morrell, Stone Cutter.”

2The whole expense of the church, including the fences and laying out the
grounds around, was about twenty-three thousand dollars. To meet this ex-
penditure there was apportioned upon the pews sixteen thousand five hundred
dollars, and five thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine dollars were raised
by selling the right of choice in the pews; the highest sum paid for a choice
was ninety dollars; the pews were distributed by auction January, 1826.

 

kill his ass. The gentleman replied that Balaam had no sword, but only wished
for one; true said Mr. Deane, but that is the one he wished for.

He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and re-
ceived a doctorate in divinity from Brown University. He married Eunice,
daughter of Moses Pearson, in 1766, but left no issue; his wife died October
14, 1812, aged eighty-seven.
FIRST PARISH—DR. NICHOLS. 657

dedicated February 8, 1826.2 Dr. Nichols preached on the
occasion, Dr. Parker of Portsmouth read the scriptures and
made the prayer. The discourse, with a memoir of the parish,
and a beautiful hymn written for the occasion by Dr. Nichols,
was published soon after in pamphlet form.

Dr. Nichols continued the sole pastor until January 31,1855,
when the Rev. Horatio Stebbins, who had been previously set-
tled in Fitchburg, Mass., was associated with him.' Mr. Nichols
who had now officiated alone over forty years with fidelity, re-
markable ability, and devotion to duty, sought entire repose
from pastoral care by retirement to the academic shades of
Cambridge, where in the society of learned men, and with the
facilities of well-furnished libraries, he pursued and finished
the profound work which had been for many years the serious
meditation of his leisure hours, and the deep study of his ma-
ture mind. The early pages of his manuscript were put to
press in 1858, and as its last words were recorded, the pen was
taken from his hands by the angel of death, and on the second
day of January, 1859, before the first volume came from the
press, he was removed to the world of spirits in the full pos-

1 The Rev. George E. Ellis, of Charlestown, preached the sermon, Rev. Dr.
Peabody, then of Portsmouth, afterward of Cambridge, pronounced the charge,
Rev. Joseph H. Allen, then of Bangor, extended the land of fellowship, Rev.
Dr. Bartol, of Boston, addressed the society, and the Rev. Dr. Nichols offered

the prayer of installation. Mr. Stebbins was born in Wilbraham, Mass., August
8, 1822, graduated at Harvard College, 1848, and at Harvard Divinity School
in 1851. In April, 1864, he resigned the pastoral office on an invitation to take
the place made vacant by the death of the Rev. Thomas Starr King, in the
Unitarian church of San Francisco,

Up to that date, a period of one hundred and thirty-seven years, there had
been no vacancy iv the pastoral office of the First Parish; it had had but four
ministers, each one of whom had been aided by a colleague. Dr. Deane was
thirty-one years associated with Mr. Smith. Dr. Nichols over five years with
Dr. Deane, and Mr. Stebbins nearly four years with Dr. Nichols. The society
is now, for the first time since the crganization of the church, in March, 1727,
without a pastor.

In 1852 the church was thoroughly repaired, the galleries Jowered, and the

walls handsomely stuccoed by a German artist.
658 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

session of a clear and profound intellect, and with the calm
serenity which an undoubted faith, and a well spent life could
not fail to give. Dr. Nichols was born in Portsmouth, N. H., July
5, 1784. He was the fourth son of Capt. Ichabod Nichols and
Lydia (Ropes) Nichols; he moved with his parents to Salem
when he was five or six years old, was fitted for college at the
Salem High School, and graduated at Harvard in 1802, with
the highest honors of a class remarkable for its brilliant and
able scholars. In 1805, while pursuing his theological studies
with the Rev. Dr. Barnard at Salem, he was appointed tutor
in mathematics at Cambridge, and continued in the place until
his acceptance of the pastoral office in this town. While ex-
ercising the routine duties of a pastor, he did not neglect the
profoundest studies of science and theology. He was a well
instructed German scholar, and kept pace with the progress of
scientific discovery ; he was familiar with the most abstruse
problems of La Place, Cuvier, Bowditch, and Pierce; and in
his latter days he took equal delight in discussing with Agassiz
the wonderful developments which recent investigations have
produced in Natural History. Nor was he neglectful of the
humbler duties of his profession. He was deeply interested in
the temperance cause for which he early and earnestly lectured
and preached, in the bible cause, the Sunday-school, for which
he prepared a treatise on Natural Theology, and which has also
found a place in theological schools. He was a ripe scholar,
and a sincerely spiritual man, and he permitted no rust to
accumulate upon the bright armor of his intellectual or moral
powers to his latest breath.

In 1810 he married Dorothea T., a daughter of Gov. Gilman,
of Exeter, by whom he had four children, all sons, two of
whom died young, and two survive, doing good service in their
chosen professions. George Henry, a skillful physician in
Boston, and the Rev. John T. G., for more than twenty years
a faithful pastor of the Unitarian church in Saco. This most
admirable woman died in April, 1831; and in May, 1832, he
FIRST PARISH—DR. NICHOLS. 659

formed a second matrimonial connection with Martha Salisbury
Higginson, daughter of the late Stephen Higginson, who sur-
vives him.

Dr. Nichols received in 1831, the degree of D. D. from
Harvard, and from Bowdoin in 1821; he was forty-two years
one of the Board of Trustees of Bowdoin, and Vice-President
of the Board ; he was also, as was his predecessor, Dr. Deane,
a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and
was several years President of the Maine Historical Society.

The Parish on receiving the tidings of Dr. Nichols’s death,
held a meeting at which resolutions appropriate to the occasion
were adopted, and a request made to the family to permit the
interment to take place in Portland. This request was granted,
the body was conveyed to Portland, and public religious ser-
vices were held in the First Parish Meeting-house, which was
suitably draped for the purpose, on the Tth of January. The
Rev. Dr. Peabody, of Cambridge, preached a most appropriate
discourse from the text, ‘“‘Our Savior Jesus Christ, who hath
abolished death.” This, with other services and a memoir
of Dr. Nichols, was published in a pamphlet.

The second parish continued to flourish under the sole
charge of Mr. Kellogg for nineteen years ; during the early part
of this period, the spirit which produced the separation from the
old parish kept up a feeling of rivalry and opposition, until
both parishes had overcome the embarrassment of their affairs.
When experience proved that both could be well sustained, all
jealousy subsided, and the ministers interchanged labors in a
spirit of harmony very acceptable to their people. In 1807
Mr. Kellogg having a desire to extend his society and to estab-
lish a branch of it at the western end of the town, which was
then rapidly increasing, procured the assistance of Mr. Edward
Payson, with a view, if his services were satisfactory to the
parish, to have him united with himself as colleague pas-
tor. The high expectations of Mr. Kellogg in relation to Mr.
Payson were more than realized; he entered on the duties of
660 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

his profession with all the ardor of devoted feeling, and threw
the whole power of his enthusiastic character into the offices
of his ministry. Such ardor and enthusiasm, accompanied by
genius, could not but win the hearts of his hearers, and there
was no hesitation on their part in giving him a call to settle
over them. He accepted the invitation and was ordained as
the colleague of Mr. Kellogg, December 16, 1807.1

Under this accession of ministerial power, the society in-
creased very rapidly,and Mr. Payson showed that he possessed
the elements of a powerful and persuasive minister; his society
and church became by far the largest in the State, and himself
the most popular preacher of his day.2 The meeting-house
was enlarged in 1807, to accommodate the increased members
of the society ; it was divided at the first bay before the pulpit,
and thirty-two new pews on the ground floor were added and
sold for the benefit of the parish. The house has within a few
years undergone an entire change in its interior arrangement.
Amidst the great success produced by the zeal and ardor of
Mr. Payson, and while an apparent harmony existed in the
society, symptoms of disunion suddenly appeared, the cause
of which is not fully developed, and Mr. Kelloge’s connection
with the church and society was dissolved in December, 1811.
An ecclesiastical council was held on this subject December 4,
1811, in which the churches of Scarborough, Falmouth, North
Yarmouth, Gorham, and Gray, were represented by their pas-
tors and delegates. Two questions were presented to the

1 Mr. Payson’s father preached an interesting ‘sermon on this occasion. Mr.
Kellogg offered the consecrating prayer, and Dr. Buckminster of Portsmouth,
delivered the charge. Mr. Payson’s salary was one thousand dollars; Mr.
Kellogg having relinquished four hundred dollars of his, reserving but three
hundred for himself,

2 By an arrangement between themselves, the senior pastor officiated in the
morning and the junior in the afternoon, that there might be no uncertainty
when the latter was to preach. One of the converts, a man of some distinction
observed, “ Mr, Kellogg gets the sinner down in the morning, and in the after-
noon Mr. Payson comes and jumps on him.”’
SECOND PARISH.—MR. KELLOGG, DR. PAYSON 661

council, first, as to the dissolution of the pastoral relation, sec-
ond, on the propriety of recommending Mr. Kellogg for the
ministry. - It having appeared that one of the terms of Mr.
Kellogg’s settlement was that the contract should cease when-
ever two-thirds of the church and congregation should be
dissatisfied with him, and those bodies having voted their dis-
satisfaction, the council pronounced a dissolution expedient.
On the second question, after proof and debate, the council
recommend for the ministry, and say “ they cordially sympa-
thize with Mr. Kellogg in his late and present afflictions.’ 'The
plan which had been fondly cherished by the senior pastor of
extending the society and forming a branch in the western
part of the town, was abandoned. The whole of the laborious
duty now devolved upon Mr. Payson, which he continued to
discharge with renewed assiduity and zeal until he wore him-
self out in the service, and died October 22, 1827.1

IMr. Payson was born in Ringe, N. H., July 25, 1783, graduated at Harvard
College in 1803, and was engaged by Mr. Kellogg to come directly to Portland
and take charge of the Academy, in which he continued three years. About
the commencement of his third year, his views of religion were established,
and he made open profession of his faith. From this period he employed his
leisure time until his engagement at the Academy ceased, in the study of theol-
ogy, which he completed with his father, in Ring2, New Hampshire.

Several of Mr. Payson’s discourses were published during his life-time, and
had an extensive circulation, particularly one before the Bible Society, and
another to seamen. After his death two volumes of his sermons and a memoir
of his life were published under the direction and for the benefit of his widow.
Mr, Payson married May 8, 1811, Ann L. Shipman of New Haven, Connecticut,
by whom he had six children, four sons and two daughters, viz: Louisa &.,
married to Prof. Hopkins of Williams’ College, Edward, Elizabeth, married to
Rev. George L. Prentiss, Henry M., George, and Charles, The mother died in
1848. The children all survive except Louisa. Edward and George graduated
at Bowdoin College in 1832 and 1843. In addition to his arduous regular min-
istrations, he was frequently called upon for addresses on special occasions both
in this town and other places. I recollect the satisfaction which his Fourth of
July oration in 1806, gave to his appreciating audience. An ardent federalist,
it was full of enthusiasm and warmth. I also listened with great pleasure to
his discourses to seamen, before the Bible Society, and the Portland Benevolent
Society, all which produced a marked effect. He was fervent, able, eloquent,
652 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

It was in the early part of Mr. Payson’s ministry that the
line of distinction on religious sentiments became decisively
marked between the first and second parishes. This was par-
ticularly exhibited at the council which met for the ordination
of Mr. Nichols. Mr. Payson believed it to be his duty to with-
hold his assent to the ordination of that gentleman, on the
ground that he was propagating an error; in fact that he was
not a christian minister. Previous to that time there had been
an interchange of services between the ministers of the two
societies, and although it was understood that Dr. Deane en-
tertained views more favorable to the liberal scheme of chris-
tianity than Mr. Kelloge or Mr. Payson, it did not interrupt
christian fellowship between them. After that time the nar-
row breach widened to a gulf, and in one parish what was
moderate Calvinism became decidedly Unitarianism, and in the
other the same moderate Calvinism had risen into the firm or-
thodox scheme, which has excluded from its communion and
its pulpits the professors of the other sect.' In building up this
system, Mr. Payson bore no inconsiderable share and to which
his enthusiasm gave energy and an informing spirit.

The Rev. Bennett Tyler, president of Dartmouth College,
succeeded Mr. Payson in the pastoral charge of the second
parish ; he was invited in May, 1828, and was installed in Sep-
tember of that year. The Rev. Dr. Beecher of Boston preached
the sermon.

Dr. Tyler resigned his pastoral connection with this society
April 22, 1834, for the ‘purpose of taking charge as principal
of the Theological Seminary at Hast Windsor, Connecticut. He
continued its presiding officer until July, 1857, and died May
14, 1858, aged seventy-five. He was succeeded in the second
parish, by Rev. Joseph Vail of Brimfield, Massachusetts, who
was installed October 13, 1834. He was dismissed at his own

'In 1811 at a meeting of the association of ministers in this county, Mr. Kel- |

logg and Mr. Payson negatived the appointment of Mr. Nichols to preach in
their pulpit.
SECOND PARISH—DR. CARRUTHERS. 663

request in October, 1837, and returned to his former parish in
Brimfield, and his place was supplied in May, 1838, by the
Rev. Jonathan B. Condit, of New Jersey. Mr. Condit’s health
failing, he made a voyage to Europe in 1843, to recruit his
strength, his parish continuing his salary during his absence
and supplying the pulpit. On his return feeling that the cli-
mate of Portland, as he supposed, not agreeing with the health
of his family, he asked a dismission in 1845, which was reluc-
tantly granted, as the society was remarkably united in him.
He was a popular and effective preacher. He returned to New-
ark, New Jersey, and is now settled in Auburn, New York.
The Rev. John J. Carruthers, the successor of Mr. Condit, was
installed August 19, 1846, and is the present pastor. The late
Dr. Codman of Dorchester preached the installation sermon,
and Dr. Dwight gave the charge. Dr. Carruthers was born in
Dumfreeshire, Scotland, in 1800, and was educated at the uni-
versity of Edinburg. At the age of nineteen he was sent by the
Scottish Missionary Society, a missionary to Russian Tartary,
where he zealously labored for five or six years, until compelled
in 1825, by the intolerance of the government, to abandon the
field. On his return to England, he was settled first at Gos-
port and then at Liverpool for fifteen years. In 1841 he went
to Montreal and took charge of a “Theological Institute,” and
reared an infant church, remaining there until he was invited
to the charge of the second parish in 1846. He is a fervent,
able, earnest, and eloquent preacher. The members of his
church have increased to three hundred and seventy-one. The
original number on the organization of the church in 1788, was
eleven, whole number admitted since is one thousand five hund-
red and ninety-four.

Of the six pastors who have presided in this church, three
are now living, Messrs. Vail, Condit, and the present incum-
bent. The meeting-house erected in 1788, has been once
enlarged in Dr. Payson’s ministry, and several times renewed
and improved, the last change was early in Dr. Carruthers
664 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ministry, when the pews, aisles, pulpit, and galleries were thor-

oughly altered and marble tablets commemorative of its pastors,

placed on its walls. This church has sent forth its colonies to

plant the Third, High Street, State Street, the Union, St. Law-

rence Street, and Abyssinian Churches, and still lives and has -
a healthy growth.

In 1807 a new congregational society was organized, the
meetings of which were held at first in a hall; their first
preacher was Rev. Jotham Sewall. The meeting-house in
Congress street, now belonging to the third parish, was com-
menced the same year, and the next spring they were incor-
porated as the “Third Congregational Society in Portland.”
They had no regular minister until 1810, when the Rev. Na-
than 8. 8S. Beeman was ordained as their pastor. But next
year his health being much impaired he took a journey south,
and finding it so much benefited by a change of climate, that
he requested and received a dismissal in 1812.1 After this
unfortunate event, the members of the society were scattered
among other parishes; the church consisting of twenty-five or
thirty members, by advice of council, communed with the
second parish, and eventually amalgamated with them; in
1814 the society terminated in corporate existence by a disso-
lution of its charter.

The Chapel Congregational Society was formed on the 18th .
of March, 1812, by the secession of Deacon James Jewett and
thirty-one others from the second church, who formed them-
selves into a distinct society under the above name. The
dismission of these persons was procured by the aid of an eccle-
siastical council, which proceeded at the same time to install
Mr. Kellogg as the pastor of this society, he having received
and accepted their unanimous call.? This small body was

!Mr. Beeman afterward settled in Troy, N. Y.

3 There was for some time a reluctance shown to dismiss the members of the
second church who had applied repeatedly to have it done; at length a council
was called by the dissatisfied members, consisting of pastors and delegates from
CHAPEL SOCIETY. 665

joined by some members from the second and third parishes,
and their meetings were held in the house of the third society;
the same year an act of incorporation was obtained. It was
the design of this society to build a house in the south-westerly
‘part of the town as had been contemplated by Mr. Kellogg,
when the connection was formed between him and Mr. Payson.
But the war and commercial embarrassments taking place,
blasted at once all the hopes of giving strength to their society
by the erection of a house of worship in a part of the town where
one was much needed, and they reluctantly accepted the offer of
the third society to take the conveyance of their house encum-
bered though it was with a heavy debt. After about six years,
the fortunes of the society still continuing unfavorable, Mr. Kel-
logg proposed to relinquish the whole of his salary on two
conditions ; one was that the creditors who had claims upon
the meeting-house and were principally proprietors, should
accept a composition of fifty per cent. of the sums due them:
the other was that they should settle a colleague with him to
enable him to engage part of the time in the missionary ser-
vice. The propositions were accepted; the Rev. Thomas S.
Murdock was invited to become colleague with the Rev. Mr.
Kellogg, and the pews were sold on the expectation of his or-
dination for a sufficient sum to redeem the liabilities of the
parish at fifty per cent. But the ordination of Mr. Murdock
having been delayed by sickness in his family, the purchasers
of pews declined paying for them, and the compromise was not
carried into effect, so that the burden continued upon the par-

 

the first and second churches in Falmouth, the first and second churches in
Scarborough, the churches in Buxton, Standish, Limerick, Biddeford, and Cape
Elizabeth, by which their object was accomplished. At the installation, which
took place on the 18th of March, Mr. Miltimore of Falmouth preached the ser-
mon, Mr. Lancaster of Scarborough delivered the charge, Mr. Marrett of Stand-
ish the fellowship of the churches, and prayers were offered by Messrs. Bradley
of Falmouth, Coffin of Buxton, and Tilton of Scarborough.
666 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ish. Mr. Murdock however was ordained in September, 1819,}
and continued to discharge the duties of the pastoral office un-
til March, 1821, when it was dissolved by mutual consent.
Mr. Murdock was afterward settled at Canterbury, Connecti-
cut, where he died December 25, 1826. Mr. Kellogg again
became sole pastor; he soon procured the assistance of Mr.
Whipple, a popular preacher, to whom an unanimous invita-
tion was given, but declined. Mr. Nason supplied the pulpit
a short time in 1821, during an absence of Mr. Kellogg on a
mission, and on the return of the latter in December of that
year the pastoral relation at his request was dissolved.” In the
spring of 1822, the Rev. Thomas M. Smith came to preach to
the society, and his services were so acceptable that he received
a united call and was ordained July 30 of that year.2 Some
additions were made to the congregation, and several mem-
bers were received into the church; he continued his services
until 1824, when the society not being able to give him a suf-
ficient support, the connection was dissolved by mutual consent.
This was their last regular minister; the society and church

'The Rev. Dr. Porter of Andover preached the sermon, Mr. Lancaster of
Scarborough made the consecrating prayer, Mr. Kellogg the charge, Mr. Milti-
more of Falmouth gave the fellowship of the churches, and Mr. Cogswell of
Saco made the concluding prayer.

The parish committee addressed a letter to Mr. Kellogg, in which they ex-
pressed the regret of the society in parting with him, and tendering him its
thanks for his faithful services; they say, ‘‘this request, the society granted
you with many painful feelings and not without honorable testimonies of your
merits and services.”

3 Mr. Cogswell of Saco offered the first prayer, Dr. Woods of Andover preached
the sermon, Dr. Payson made the consecrating prayer, Mr. Walker of Danvers
gave the charge, Mr. Cummings the right hand of fellowship, and Dr. Nichols
addressed the church and people.

Mr. Smith married a daughter of Dr, Woods, by whom he had several chil-
dren, one of whom, Mrs, N. P- Richardson, resides in Portland. After leaving
the society he became an Episcopalian, and a Professor in the Theologica] Sem-
inary of the Diocese of Ohio, at Gambier in that State. He died in Portland
September 6, 1864, aged sixty-seven.
THIRD CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY. 667

joined other parishes in town, about thirty-five of them becom-
ing united to the second church from which twelve years before
they had derived their separate existence. The church has
never formally been dissolved, many of the members with the
spirit of the ancient people looked forward to a brighter day
when they should be reunited and again enjoy their ordinances
under their own vine.’ In 1825 they sold their meeting-house
with its heavy encumbrance to a new society just then formed.

The Third Congregational Society, the former by that name
having been dissolved, was established in 1825. The church
consisting of twenty males and fifteen females was set off from
the second church and formed on the 9th of September of that
year. The same year they purchased the meeting-house of the
chapel society, and settled the Rev. Charles Jenkins as their
pastor in November, 1825.° The society increased rapidly un-
der the pastoral care of Mr. Jenkins until December 29, 1881,
when they were unexpectedly deprived of his very acceptable
and useful services, by his sudden death.? Mr. Jenkins was
succeeded by the Rev. William T. Dwight, who was ordained
June 6, 1832.4

Dr. Dwight continued a very able and successful ministry

1The establishment of the new society in High street, has met the wishes of
several of them, whose hearts yearned to accomplish the plan so dear to their
beloved pastor of planting a church in the westerly part of the town.

‘ 2The sermon was preached by Rev. S. E. Dwight of Boston and was pub-
lished. Mr. Jenkins had been settled in Greenfield, Massachusetts, in 1820, but
was dismissed in 1824 in consequence of some disagreement in the society.

3 Mr. Jenkins was an accomplished scholar and able preacher ; he had ac
quired a firm and salutary influence over his people, which rendered his death
a severe affliction to them. He graduated at Williamstown College in 1813; at
the time of his death he was forty-three years old. He left a widow and three
children. A posthumous volume of his sermons has been published to assist
his family.

4 Rev. Dr. Tyler preached the sermon, the charge was delivered by Rev. Mr.
Chapin of Pownal, the right hand of fellowship was given by Rev. Mr. Barstow
of New Hampshire. 5
668 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

over this people of nearly thirty-two years, when having lost
the cherished companion of his life, and suffering from loss of
health, he resigned his pastoral office on the 17th of April,
1864, to the great regret of his united church and congregation
to whom he was endeared by his devotion to their service. On
his retirement a large number of citizens of Portland, without
distinction of sect or party, addressed to him a letter, express-
ing “their deep and sincere regret” at his resignation, and that
he was to leave the State. They say, “At this particular
juncture, our town can ill afford to part with a citizen and our
churches with a pastor, whose rich experience, long and faithful
service, and exemplary walk in life have given ardor to hope
and confidence to virtue.”

Dr. Dwight, son of the late distinguished President of Yale
College, was born in New Haven in 1795, and graduated
at Yale College in 1813. He was a tutor in the college two
years, and afterward commenced the practice of law in Phila-
delphia. But this profession not meeting the higher aspira-
tions of his spiritual nature, he turned himself to the study of
divinity and entered the ministry, to which he became a most
valued accession. He married a daughter of Mr. Bradford, a
prominent lawyer of Philadelphia, whose death in 1863, de-
prived him of a support and a friend, which no human arm can
supply. She left four children, two sons and two daughters.
Dr. Dwight received from Bowdoin College in 1846, ‘the degree

of S. T. D.

Since this parish purchased the meeting-house they now oc-
cupy, they have made extensive improvements, which have
rendered it handsome and convenient, and the society is in a
flourishing condition. The house was thoroughly renovated
and modernized in 1848, and is now one of our neatest and
most convenient houses of worship.

The society in a few weeks after the retirement of Dr. Dwight
invited the Rev. Jeremiah E. Walton, recently of Albany, New
York, to settle over them. He accepted the call, and a coun-
HIGH STREET CHURCH. 669

cil was assembled July 7th, 1864, to install him. But after a
critical and protracted examination, the council, on some tech-
nical and doctrinal grounds of objections, not stated in their
report, declined to proceed to the installation, to the great dis-
appointment of the parish, and of the large concourse of people
who had assembled to listen to the services. The society after-
ward voted to employ Mr. Walton to preach to them one year,
and he is engaged in that service. He was formerly settled at
Rockford, Illinois.

In 1830 the Second Parish having become so large that its
members could not be conveniently accommodated in their
house of worship, and many of them living at a distance in
the upper part of the town, a number of them held a meeting
in December to take into consideration the expediency of
forming a new society and erecting another church at the west
end of the town. The plan met with general approbation, and
committees were raised to carry the design into execution. In
the following January a lot of land was purchased in High
street, and the commodious building now occupied by the so-
ciety, was erected in the ensuing season.1. The society was

'The corner stone was laid by Albion K. Parris, May 28, 1831, after some ap-
‘propriate remarks by him, and an address by the Rev. Dr. Tyler of the second
church. Several coins of the year were deposited beneath the stone, and a sil-
ver plate bearing the following inscription: “This corner stone of the High
Street Church in Portland, was laid by Albion K. Parris, May 28th, 1831. Build-
ing committee, Nehemiah Cram, William Wood, John A. Smith, Mason Green-
-wood, Oliver B. Dorrance. Superintendent, Nathan How. Parish committee,
Henry Goddard, John Bartells, Eben Steele. Treasurer, Ezekiel Day. Clerk,
Wm. Cutter. Building contractors, Ebenezer Wilson, master mason, Eli Webb.
master joiner.” The building is constructed of brick, with one course of
long windows; it is eighty-four feet by sixty-eight; the front presents a beau-
tiful pediment supported by six wooden columns of the Doric order, surmounted
by a belfry, and a short spire. The whole cost of the building was fifteen thou-
sand dollars. The parish procured a bell, and an excellent organ made by
Edwards of Gorham, which cost fourteen hundred dollars. In 1864, all the
members of the above committees and officers are dead but Messrs. Dorrance,
Goddard, Steele, Cutter, and Webb.
670 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

incorporated under the general statute, February 11, 1831, by
the name of the “High Street Church.” In September a
church was formed consisting of twenty-seven male and thirty-
seven female members, set off from the second and third con-
gregational churches, who were organized as a separate church
by an ecclesiastical council. The house was dedicated in Jan-
uary, 1832, on which occasion a sermon was preached by the
Rev. Dr. Tyler, and prayers were offered by Rev. Messrs Cum-
mings and Cox. In February the society invited Rev. Willard
Child of Pittsford, Vermont, to take the pastoral charge over
them, but he declined, and in June following the Rev. George
C. Beckwith of Andover received a call to be their minister,
which he accepted, and was installed August 8, 1832.!

Mr. Beckwith was dismissed January 5, 1835, and Rev. John
W. Chickering, the present pastor, was installed April 2, 1835.
Mr. Chickering was graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont,
in 1826, and had been previously settled at Bolton, Massachu-
setts. Dr. Chickering having been the useful and popular
pastor of this society for nearly thirty years, in the spring of
1864, thought proper to resign the pastoral office. The resig-
nation was accepted, and the society, parting with its faithful
teacher and friend with much regret, liberally placed in his
hands securities to the amount of ten thousand dollars, to assist
him in his declining years; he is now employed as Secretary
of the Suffolk Temperance Society. He continues to supply the
pulpit until a successor shall be procured. He has received
from Bowdoin College the degree of S. T. D.

Mr. Beckwith is now, and has for many years been, agent
of the American Peace Society; whose efforts, alas! how in-
effectual to stay the ruthless tide of war.

1 The introductory prayer on this occasion was offered by Rev. Mr. Riggs of
Gray, sermon by Rev. Dr. Edwards of Andover, consecrating prayer by Rev.
Mr. Chapin of Pownal, charge by Rev. Mr. Johnson of Saco, right hand of fel-
lowship by Rev. Mr. Dwight of the third parish, address to the church and soci-
ety by Rev, Dr. Tyler, and concluding prayer by Rev. Mr. Pomeroy of Gorham.

1
STATE STREET CHURCH. 671

In 1847 the accessions to the High Street Church had so
much increased, connected with a desire to have a church fur-
ther westward, that Mr. Chickering was induced to propose to
his society the formation of a new church and the erection of
another house of worship further westward. A meeting to
consider the expediency of establishing a new parish in the
upper part of the town was immediately held. The suggestion
was favorably received, but the undertaking was postponed for
various reasons, until the spring of 1851. At that time a suffi-
cient sum having been subscribed, principally by members of
the High street church and society, a lot of land was purchased
on State street, and the church now standing upon it was com-
menced and finished the next spring, The church was organ-
ized in March, 1852, under the name of “State Street Church,”
consisting of fifty-eight members, of whom forty-eight were from
the High Street Church, and four each from the second and
third churches, and two from churches in Boston. In June
the house was opened and consecrated, and on the 27th of April,
1853, the Rev. Hugh Smith Carpenter was installed its pastor.
Mr. Carpenter was an eloquent and popular preacher, and many
accessions were made to the church and congregation during
the four years of his ministry. In March, 1857, he resigned
the pastoral office and returned to New York. For more than
a year and a half, the church was without a pastor, when hav-
ing heard Mr. George Leon Walker, then a candidate for set-
tlement, they promptly and with great unanimity invited him
to become their pastor, who accepting the call, was ordained
October 13, 1858, and continues their able and most acceptable
minister. Mr. Walker was born in Brattleborough, Vermont;
his father, the Rev. Charles Walker, afterward moved to Pitts-
ford in that State. Mr. Walker entered Middleborough Col-
lege, but was obliged to leave before graduation, on account of
his health. Subsequently he pursued his theological studies
at Andover Seminary, from which he was invited to this field
of labor. His church and society have largely increased dur-
672 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ing his ministry, the church to three hundred and two members
in 1864. Mr. Walker has published, by request, several ser-
mons delivered on special occasions, which have added to his
reputation as a scholar and patriot.

The Second Unitarian Society was formed in 1835. In
March of that year, certain persons connected with the first
parish purchased the brick church on the corner of Park and
Pleasant streets, which had been erected in 1828 by the second
Methodist society, and became incorporated under the name of
the “Second Unitarian Society in Portland.’’ The same year,
the Rev. Jason Whitman, who had been previously settled in
Saco, and was then General Agent of the American Unitarian
Association, was installed their pastor. He continued with
them ten years, when his engagement being ended, the pastoral
relation was dissolved, and he was soon after settled over the
ancient society in Lexington, Massachusetts. He died on a
visit to Portland, January 25, 1848, aged forty-nine. He was
a graduate of Harvard College in the class of 1825, and was an
active, faithful, and devoted minister of the gospel. He was
succeeded by the Rev. Rufus P. Cutler, who was ordained in
1846, and after a ministry of ten years was succeeded by the
Rev. Frederick Frothingham, who continued with them five
years. On the 2d of July, 1862, the Rev. J. F. Lovering of
‘Boston was installed over the society, but continued with them
a little more than a year, when being offered a commission in
the army as chaplain, he resigned the pastoral charge and left
the society, for the fourth time, destitute of a minister. This
important station is again filled under cheering prospects of
a useful and successful ministry. On June 23, 1864, the
Rev. James T. Hewes, a native of Saco, and recently settled
over a society in South Boston, was installed; on which occa-
sion the Rev. Cyrus A. Bartol of Boston, preached the sermon,
the Rev. George H. Hepworth of Boston delivered the charge,
Rev. Charles Lowe of Somerville addressed the society, and
the Rev. Charles C. Everett of Bangor gave the fellowship of
MINISTRIES TO THE POOR. 673

the churches. Other parts in the interesting ceremony were
taken by Rev. Messrs Swan of Kennebunk, De Normandie of
Portsmouth, Nichols of Saco, and Wheeler of Topsham. Mr.
Hewes graduated at Bowdoin College in 1857 and from Har-
vard Theological School in 1861.

Ministries to the Poor. The first organized action toward
the establishment of these valuable institutions took place in
1845. Sunday Schools for the instruction of children of the
poor had been opened some time before, and it was felt that while
the children were thus provided for, their parents ought not
to be neglected. The Second, Third, and High Street Churches
by a combined action, were the first to enter upon that field of
useful labor, and in May, 1845, they employed the Rey. David
M. Mitchell, who had been settled in Waldoborough, to take
charge of this ministry, and raised by a voluntary subscription
four hundred dollars a year for his salary, with the privilege
of preaching in other places as occasion offered. No regular
preaching was had in the city under this arrangement, the atten-
tion of the missionary being principally turned to visiting the
sick and destitute, ministering consolations in their sorrows,
and supplies for their temporal wants. In 1848 the same soci-
eties perceiving that these efforts were not equal to the wants
of this class of people, formed an association under the name of
the “Portland City Missionary Society,” with a board of Direc-
tors and other officers for the purpose of extending their wise
and liberal design. Mr. Mitchell continued to officiate by
preaching and otherwise, several years, and was succeeded by
the Rey. Thomas B. Ripley, whose steady, kind, and unwearied
attention to the perplexing duties of his office have for many
years been productive of most valuable effects.

In 1847 the Rev. Dr. Nichols, of the First Parish, stimulated
‘by the above example, and the still more noble one of Dr.
Tuckerman in Boston, induced members of his society to en-
‘gage ina similar, but more extensive work. Aided by the
ladies of his parish, and some members of the Second Unita-
674 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

rian Society, an association was formed for the purpose of com-
municating religious instruction, as well as temporal comfort to
the poor, by schools, by preaching, and pastoral visits. The la-
dies formed a society under the name of “The Channing Cir-
cle,” and by their work, their levees, and private contributions,
rendered substantial aid to the object. And at this time, Miss
Martha Hall, a maiden lady, granddaughter of William Cotton,
for many years deacon of the First Parish, died in the latter
part of 1847, having bequeathed all her estate to that parish
in trust, the income to be appropriated to religious and benevo-
lent objects under direction of the ‘Trustees of the Charity
Fund of the parish.”” The fund amounts to six thousand dol-
lars, and has been carefully managed with very trifling ex-
pense, and the income applied strictly according to the will
of the donor in support of the ‘Ministry at Large,”’ as estab-
lished by the parish. In April, 1849, the Rev. William H.
Hadley entered upon his duties as Minister at Large, opened a
Sunday school which, in August of that year, numbered one
hundred and seventy pupils, taken from the poorest families
in the city; also an evening school for adults, and held regular
religious services on Sunday free for the poor and those persons
not able to hire seats in other places of worship. In 1850 the
institution received another valuable donation from Madame
Preble, the respected widow of the Commodore, of a lot of land
worth two thousand dollars, for the purpose of having a chapel
erected upon it to accommodate the various departments of
this charity ; and the trustees appointed under an act of the
legislature immediately took measures to carry forward the de-
sign of this benevolent lady. Funds were obtained by sub-
scription and the neat chapel now standing on the lot, corner
of Preble and Cumberland streets, was erected, and dedicated
to its pious uses, October 29,1851. The Rev. Mr. Waterston of
Boston, Jong an efficient minister to the poor in that city,
preached an able sermon on the occasion, which with a brief
history of the ministry and of the proceedings, was published.
MINISTRY AT LARGE. 675

Mr. Hadley after a faithful and energetic service of seven or
eight years, retired from the post and was succeeded by the
Rev. 0. P. Tuckerman, who with his devoted wife, is successfully
pursuing the objects of this truly benevolent work in which
they are aided by the earnest labors of the Channing Circle.
The Provident Institution has also stepped in and added its
valuable services in promoting the comfort and welfare of the
dependent poor.

The Central Congregational Church. The “Central,” for-
merly the “Union”? Congregational Church, had its commence-
ment in the withdrawal from “State Street Church” of twenty-
two of its members, seven of whom were males, for the purpose
of forming a new church, and for laying the foundation of a
new religious society.

The first public religious services of the new church were
held in Union Hall, Free street, on Sabbath, September 30,
1855, and were conducted by Rev. Henry D. Moore, who

_had been invited to become the preacher and pastor of the
church.

On Thursday, January, 24, 1856, the new church was pub-
licly recognized, by an ecclesiastical council, with interesting
religious services which were held in the High Street Church.
The sermon on the occasion was preached by Rev. George E.
Adams, D.D. of Brunswick. The church at this time num-
bered thirty-three members.

In the month of April, 1856, the lot of ground on Congress
street, west of High street, was purchased for the erection of
the church edifice which the new society had determined to
build. In the same month the ground was broken, and the
foundations of the house were laid. In the following Decem-
ber, just eight months from the time the lot was purchased, a
handsome and spacious church was entirely completed, and a
chime of bells placed in the tower at an expense of four thou-
sand dollars.

On Thursday, December 18, 1856, the house was publicly
676 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

dedicated to the worship of Almighty God, with appropriate
religious services conducted by the pastor elect, assisted by the
Rev. Drs. Dwight, Chickering, and Carruthers.

On January 29, 1857, Rev. Henry D. Moore, was installed
pastor of the church, by a council, of which Rev. Dr. Dwight
was moderator. The sermon on the occasion was preached by
Rev. Professor Phelps, of Andover Theological Seminary.

On Saturday night, March 15, 1862, the beautiful house of
worship was destroyed by fire, said to have caught from a defec-
tive flue connected with the furnaces for heating the church.
The following day, being the Sabbath, many of the accustomed
worshipers in that sanctuary repaired thither for worship, and
found, instead of their welcoming temple, a mass of blackened
ruins.

Policies of insurance, in sufficient amounts to rebuild the
house, were paid into the boards of the trustees of the parish,
for the use of the proprietors. The sum thus received was paid
by the trustees toward liquidating the debt due by the parish
for the land on which the church had been built, and other”
outstanding claims. Under these circumstances, to rebuild
the house would require a kind and amount of sacrifice, which
the proprietors did not feel themselves able to make. It was
therefore voted, not to rebuild, but to sell the property. It is
but proper, as a matter of history, and in justice to all con-
cerned, to say, that this vote was largely influenced by propri-
etors who had not worshiped with the congregation for years,
and who would not be expected to venture pecuniary help in
a matter with which they had no concern.

The property was accordingly sold, and was purchased by
the congregation formerly worshiping in the house. In Au-
gust, 1862, the work of rebuilding was commenced. The
walls were taken down, and the house substantially rebuilt,
and roofed according to the original plans of the building.

In the November following, the congregation, which in the
meanwhile had been worshiping in Mechanics Hall, com-
CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. OTT

menced religious services in the new and beautiful vestry of
the church.

On Sabbath, April 26, 1863, the church was re-opened for
Divine service. A large congregation hailed the day with
great joy. The pastor preached on the occasion trom the text :
Haggai, IT: 8, 9. ‘Who is left among you that saw this house
in her first glory? The glory of this latter house shall be
greater than the former, and in this place will I give peace,
saith the Lord of Hosts.”

None of the pews in this church are scl They are all
owned by the society, and are rented annually to the worship-
ers. Any person, statedly worshiping with the society, for
a given period, and contributing to its support according to its
usages, is a member of the parish, and entitled to vote at its
business meetings. And when any person, from any cause
whatever, leaves this society, to worship elsewhere, he leaves
the property behind him, and all his relations to the society
cease.

At the annual business meeting of the church, held in De-
cember, 1862, it was unanimously voted, to change the name
of the church, from the “Union Church,” to the “Central Con-
gregational Church.”

The church has now been in saintanas for nine years, nearly.
It has recorded the names of nearly four hundred members ;
and is now in a united, happy, and prosperous condition.

' Rev. Henry D. Moore, the pastor of the church, was born
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 4, 1822. Prepared
for the University of Pennsylvania, at its Academy, and was to
have entered with the class in 1836, but was prevented by fee-
ble health. He pursued the college course, and read theology
under the direction of Rev. Samuel B. Wylie, D. D., Professor
of Ancient Languages, and Emeritus Professor of Theology, in
the University: Was ordained in 1842: Served for three years
as minister at large under the auspices of the Christian Home
Missionary Society of Philadelphia: Was pastor of the Second
678 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Independent Church of Philadephia for eight years, having his
ecclesiastical and ministerial connection with the New York
Brooklyn Association. In July, 1853, he became pastor of the
‘North Church” Portsmouth, N. H., and in September, 1855,
entered upon his labors in Portland.

St. Lawrence Street Church. This society originated in.
a want felt by the increasing population on Munjoy’s hill
for a congregational place of worship to accommodate that
neighborhood. The efforts of those favorable to the measure
were crowned with success. A neat church edifice was built
on St. Lawrence street, and a society organized in February,
1858, and Edward Payson Thwing of Boston, a graduate of
Harvard College in the class of 1855, was ordained their pastor
September 22, 1858. In 1862, Mr. Thwing having received
an invitation to settle with the congregational society in Quincy,
Massachusetts, resigned his charge over this society and was
installed there November 19, of that year. His place is sup-
plied by Rev. John H. Mordough, who is now the acting pas-
tor. The number of church members is one hundred and
eleven, and of the Sabbath school, two hundred and fifty.

West Congregational Chapel. While the city was spread-
ing rapidly upon Munjoy’s hill, it was also stretching its arms
around the isthmus which unites the Neck at the west with the
main body of the adjoining country. The people who had col-
lected at this western extremity began to demand facilities for
instruction, both by schools and the church. In 1857 the
city met their first claim by the erection of a spacious brick
school-house on Lowell street, and opened it in 1858, for the
instruction of the children in that neighborhood. The church
followed soon after through the unwearied exertions of the
Rev. Dr. Chickering. A member of his church, Miss Eliza
Hanson, left by will three thousand dollars to aid this object,
and Dr. Chickering procured subscriptions sufficient to enable
him to erect a neat and convenient chapel of brick, not far
from the school-house, besides two thousand dollars funded ac-
THE BETHEL CHURCH. 679

cording to the provisions of the will. It was commenced in the
spring of 1860 and dedicated January 17, 1861. A bell was
placed in the tower July, 1861, and a church organized, the 9ih
of the order in the city, September 17, 1862, consisting of sev-
enteen persons. The Rey. Josiah W. Turner preached there
for a short time and was succeeded by the Rey. Horatio Isley as
the acting pastor. He continued to officiate until July, 1863.
The Rev. George A. Tewksbury, the present pastor, was or-
dained in December, 1863. The number of church members
in May, 1864, was twenty-eight, and Sabbath school pupils one
hundred and thirty. The chapel is well attended and with its
auxiliary the school-house, meets a pressing want in that grow-
ing section of the city. The chapel cost seven thousand dol-
lars; and two thousand dollars of Miss Hanson’s bequest is a
permanent fund for the use of the society.

The Bethel Church for Seamen was organized in September,
1842. In 1827 a society was incorporated to provide for re-
ligious instruction for seaman, under the name of “The Trus-
tees of the Mariner’s Church.” The large granite building on
Fore street between Long and Commercial wharves, sixty-one
feet front, was erected in 1828 at an expense of thirty-three
thousand dollars, containing a spacious chapel in the third sto-
ry, and other apartments, and stores, by the rent of which,
and of a liberal subscription obtained for the object, it was
hoped that the institution would be sustained and the debt paid.
But in this the trustees were disappointed, and after a struggle
of about fifteen years the whole property became forfeited to
the mortgagees for the non payment of the money hired to
erect the building. Afterward, services were held in the Ex-
change Hall and the City Hall by Rev. George W. Bourne and
Rey. David M. Mitchell. In 1847 a new effort was made to
procure a building suited to the important object, and resulted
in the erection of the brick church now standing near the cor-
ner of Fore and Chatham streets, which was completed in 1849.
Preaching is held there regularly on Sundays and a church
680 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

gathered, consisting at the present time of thirty-three mem-
bers, and a Sunday school of one hundred and twelve pupils.
The Rev. Samuel H. Merrill was installed in 1856, and con-
tinued a faithful and devoted pastor until 1864, when receiv-
ing the appointment of chaplain in the army, he resigned his
office, and was succeeded in July, 1864, by Rev. V. J. Harts-
horn, who sustains the public worship.

An Abyssinian Society, composed of colored people, was incor-
porated in 1828, which the same year by aid of liberal sub-
scriptions from other persons, commenced the construction of
their meeting-house in Sumner street. In 1835 twenty-two
colored members of the Second Church were set off to unite
with the Abyssinian church. The Rev. A. N. Freeman was
the pastor for several years and at the same time had charge
of a day school and a Sunday school for colored children, hav-
ing an average attendance of fifty scholars. The Rev. Mr.
Johnson now preaches to the society, and attends to the Sun-
day school, both of which are respectable in point of numbers.
The day scholars are, under recent arrangements, distributed
in the other schools and the separate establishment for colored
children is discontinued.

Church of the Second Advent. A society under this name
was organized in this city in 1851, and have held their meet-
ings ina hall. The Rev. P. B. Morgan was their preacher for
a while; but they have no stated preacher, depending upon
such persons to conduct their meetings, as they can from time
to time procure. They hold their meetings now in Cushman’s
Hall, 355 Congress street ; their number is small. .

An Association of Spiritualists was formed in 1850 and have
regular meetings on Sunday at Mechanic’s Hall, on the corner
of Congress and Casco streets. They have a variety of speak-
ers, both male and female, generally from abroad, who conduct
a service without regard to the usual religious forms. The
attendance is generally good, often large, depending however
upon the popularity of the speaker. They have no regular
METHODIST SOCIETY. 681

clergyman, and adopt no creed ; believing in spiritual mani-
festations, and in communications of the living with the de-
parted, who are supposed to be in constant sympathy with the
dwellers upon the earth and hold intercourse with them.

The number of religious societies in the city in 1864, is
twenty-eight, beside the city missionary’s congregation. These
all have regular houses of worship, but the Adventists, Spirit-
ualists, and the City Missionary. And they are divided de-
nominationally as follows, fourteen in the Congregational order,
which are again divided by doctrinal sentiments, viz., ten Trini-
tarian; three Unitarian, and one Universalist; three Metho-
dist societies, two Baptist, two Catholic, two Episcopal, and
one each of Freewill-baptists, Swedenborgian, Quaker, Spirit-
ualists, and Adventist.

These are all the Congregational societies which have been
established here ; we shall now endeavor to present a brief
view of those of other sects which now divide the town. The
first in order of time is the Methodist society.

The first Methodist sermon ever preached iu Maine was at
Saco, September 10, 1793, by Elder Jesse Lee of Virginia. He
had been principally instrumental in forming the societies of
this order in the New England States, which he commenced in
Connecticut in 1789. Ata conference held at Lynn in 1798,
this zealous disciple of Wesley was appointed to travel through
Maine. In a tour of several months in this State, he went as
far east as Castine, and preached almost every day to such col-
lections of people as he could draw together. A circuit was
immediately formed on the Kennebec called Readfield circuit,
and a preacher sent to them.'! The Portland circuit, established
in 1794, was the next, and in 1795 a class was formed in this
town, and in December of the same year the first quarterly
meeting held in the State, assembled at Poland. Elder Wager

1 Elder Wager was appointed preacher ; the next year-Enoch Mudge of Lynn,
one of the first fruits of Elder Lee’s preaching at Lynn, was sent to Readfield.

44
682 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

was appointed the traveling preacher in this circuit. On EL
der Lee’s first visit here he preached several times in the sec-
ond congregational meeting-house ; subsequently he preached
in the court-house and sometimes in a private house in Essex
street. The first society was organized by Elder Wager in
1795, and consisted of six persons. They struggled along
through many difficulties and with a slow progress for nine
years, at the end of which time the number of members had
increased to but eleven.':

In 1804, however, their prospects began to brighten, Enoch
Ilsley purchased and presented to the society the house
previously occupied by the Episcopalians, which was removed
to Federal street and soon filled by a respectable congregation.
This was the first house of worship which the society had
owned. The Rev Joshua Taylor now became the stationed
preacher, and the church, which at the commencement of Mr.
Taylor’s ministry consisted of but eleven members, increased
in two years to sixty-four. In 1808 the society having become
so numerous as to require larger accommodations than the old
house afforded, made arrangements for the erection of a more
spacious one. Trustees were chosen to superintend the con-
cerns of the society according to the discipline of that order,
and a year or two after, the house now used by the society in
Chestnut street was erected, and on the 17th of February,
1811, was dedicated by Rev. E. Kelby.2 The society kept on
steadily increasing; in February, 1821, they became incorpo-
rated. Twice the house in Chestnut street was enlarged, and
at length it became necessary to furnish still more room, when
the society with great spirit and unanimity erected the neat

1In 1797 the persons who had associated together, were received into the
Methodist’ Episcopal Church as one of the united societies.

!
2 The trustees were William Waterhouse, Thomas Delano, William True, Thomas
Runnels, Samuel Homer, Lemuel Gooding, and Thomas Dodge. Mr. Gooding
is the only survivor,
METHODISTS. 683

and handsome brick church on the corner of Pleasant and
Park streets in 1828.!

In 1835 the members of the second society, not being able
to sustain their public worship, concluded to return to the pa-
rent, society and sold their house to a new parish established
by the Unitarians. Still many who lived in the western part
of the city did not relinquish their desire for a place of worship
in that portion of the town. Their wishes were at length grati-
fied, and in 1846 they erected a neat wooden church on Pine
street, over which Elder Gershom Cox presided two years; he
was succeeded by Rev. Howard B. Abbott, and the usual bien-
nial successions peculiar to the Methodist denomination. The
preacher now stationed in this society is the Rev. Henry M.
Blake. The number of church members is two hundred and
eighty-two; pupils in the Sunday school three hundred and
fifty ; teachers, thirty-six.

In the mean time the old society in Chestnut street pursued
their steady and even course, growing with the growth of the
town and enlarging their spiritual borders. Their biennial
succession of ministers, according to the usage of the denomi-
nation, gives them fresh accession of ministerial talent and
gifts, and quickens them by varied presentations of truth. In
1847, Rev Charles F. Allen of Norridgewock was their preach-
er ; his successors have been the Rev. Messrs. William McDon-
ald, Aaron Sanderson, Joseph Colby, Charles W. Morse, antl
others named below.

1The following table will show the progress of this society in the State.

In 1795 members 318, stat. preach. 4. 1822 members 6,524 stat. preach. 41.
‘1800 “1,197, f 10. 1831 “ 138,478 te 91.
1816 “3,364, 27. 1864 about 20,000 162,

This does not include the local preachers, who are as numerous as the stationed
preachers; the latter are supported by voluntary contributions. The Maine An-
nual Conference of this connection is composed of all the traveling Methodist
ministers in the State.

In 1832 a newspaper was established in Portland under the auspices of this
society, called the Maine Wesleyan Journal, the first number of which was
issued January 12, of that year.
684 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The society in 1855 began to feel that their accommodations
were too narrow for them, and they sought a more eligible sit-
uation and larger room. At this time and juncture, the Rev.
Henry Cox, by transfer, came among them, an Englishman by
birth, intelligent, enterprising, and gifted with a good degree
of cloquence. He perceived their wants, and was quick to
avail himself of the wishes and liberal spirit of the people, who
desired a church edifice suited to their means and the progress
of the age. Mr. Cox was the man for the occasion ; his wit
was sharpened by experience, and he was most successful in
accomplishing the great object of his own and his people’s
desire, in the erection of the beautiful and commodious brick
church, which now stands upon the site of the old struc-
ture. It was commenced in 1856 and was dedicated July
8, 1857, Mr. Cox preaching the sermon. It contains one
hundred and ninety pews, and with the land cost about fifty
thousand dollars ; it is one of the finest church edifices in the
city. The old house of worship with the parsonage in the rear,
endeared to the old worshipers by many hallowed associations,
was destroyed by fire April 26, 1860. Mr. Cox remained with
the society until 1860, and was succeeded by Rev. Henry B.
Ridgeway. In 1862 and 18638, Rev. William R. Clark was
their pastor ; at the present time the Rev. Mr. Allen, the ac-
ceptable minister of 1847, is again in this wide field of labor.
The society is large, prosperous, increasing, and harmonious.
The number of the church members is four hundred and ninety-
eight, and teachers and scholars in the Sunday school four
hundred and ninety-four.

The success of a society is manifested by the offshoots it is
able to send out. Thus this old hive of Methodism, the mother
of the churches of the denomination in this city, planted in,
1851, a new colony upon Munjoy’s hill, in the midst of a grow-
ing population. Dr. Eliphalet Clark generously presented a
beautiful lot of land on the corner of Congress and St. Law-
rence streets to a new society then formed, on which a conven-
METHODISTS. 685

ient house was erected in the summer of 1851, sufficiently large
to seat three: hundred persons, and entirely free from debt.
The church was consecrated to its holy uses by the Rev. George
Webber, and the Rev. Eaton Shaw was appointed to officiate
in the religious services until the annual conference of that
year. <A large congregation was gathered, and a Sunday
school of about forty scholars was organized. The Rev. W.
F. Farrington was appointed to the charge of the society by
the conference, and about fifty-five members from the Chest-
nut street society were organized into a church, which was
rapidly increased, as well as the congregation and Sunday
school, until the capacity of the house was exhausted. The
‘seats were free. It now became necessary to enlarge the
house to meet the pressure for attendance, and an addition
was made to the building at a cost of about one thousand dol-
lars, and pews took the place of free seats. The society in its
first year, notwithstanding it was small and not wealthy, raised
eight hundred dollars for parish purposes. The number of
church members in 1864 is one hundred and seventy-five
and attendants upon the Sunday school two hundred. The
parish raised the last year four hundred dollars for benevo-
lent objects, in addition to its ordinary expenses. The suc-
cession of ministers has been, Revs. William McDonald, C. C.
Mason, A.J. Church, B. Foster, George Webber, H. B. Abbott,
and the present pastor, Samuel Roy.

In addition to these three flourishing Methodist aerate.
there is one established on Peak’s Island in Casco Bay, num-
bering twenty-seven church members, eleven probationers, and
sixty Sunday school pupils and teachers, over which Rev.
Joseph Hawkes, Jr., is stationed.

There are two Conferences now in Maine, one called the
Maine Conference, the other the East Maine Conference, the
dividing line being the Kennebec river to the bend below Skow-
hegan, and thence on a north course to the Canada line. The
division took place in 1848. The number of effective preach-
686 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ers in the Maine Conference is eighty-two; superannuated, seven-
teen. In the Eastern Conference the effective preachers are
eighty, and thirteen superannuated. The number of members
in the Maine Conference in 1864 was ten thousand six hun-
dred and seventy-seven. I am not able to give the number in
the East Conference ; it probably does not fall far short of the
other, and shows an increase of about eight thousand members
beside seventeen hundred probationers since 1831. The whole
number of members of the Methodist church in the United
States, of the different orders, according to the latest returns,
was one million six hundred and eight thousand seven hundred
and thirty-two, larger than any other denomination except the
numerous classes of Baptists. :

Baptists. The first Baptist society organized in Maine was
at Kittery in 1682; but the persecution was so great at that
time on the part of government, that in about a year afterward
the minister, Mr. Screven, and the greater part of his church,
went to South Carolina and established themselves on Cooper’s
river, near where Charleston now stands. No further move-
ments were made by persons of this persuasion for more than
eighty years. In 1767 the Rev. Hezekiah Smith of Haverhill
came to Maine to propagate the views of the Baptists, and con-
tributed to the formation of a society in Berwick. At the
same time he extended his visit to this town, but without any
visible success. Mr. Deane was earnestly solicited by one or
two persons to invite Mr. Smith to preach in his pulpit, but he
declined doing it. In 1771, Mr. Smith came here again and
preached to a few persons collected at John Burnham’s house.
If any effort was made at this time to collect a society here, it
was wholly unsuccessful.!

1 Mr. Smith was born on Long Island, New York, April 21, 1737, graduated at
Princeton College, New Jersey, 1762, and died at Haverhill, November 5, 1805.
He gathered the first Baptist society in the county of Essex in 1765. He always
preached without notes, and by a fine command of language, a strong and rich
voice, an ardent and persuasive manner and a thorough knowledge of human na-
BAPTISTS. 687

No further attempts were made here to form a society of this
order for many years. In 1796, Benjamin Titcomb, Thomas
Beck, and four or five others, began to make religious inquiries,
which resulted in their separation from the places where they
had usually worshiped, and they met together for social wor-
ship at the house of Mr. Titcomb. Their exercises were car-
ried on by prayer, singing, and reading a printed sermon ; this
service they soon found cold and formal, and no additions were
made to their number. They then substituted reading and
explaining the scriptures for the sermon, and after the services
they conversed freely on their religious experiences. Their
number now began to increase, and the private room became
so crowded, that in the beginning of 1799, they held their
meetings in a school-house in Union street. A short time pre-
vious to this, one of their number had been baptized and ad-
mitted to the Baptist church in North Yarmouth; the subject
of baptism now earnestly engaged their attention, and their
inquiries into the scriptures were particularly directed to this
subject, which resulted in their conviction that baptism by
immersion was the true form. In the space of eighteen months,
nine persons were baptized by immersion, and the society was
visited by ministers of the Baptist persuasion.

About this time Benjamin Titcomb was baptized at North
Yarmouth, and joined the church there, and in January, 1801,
received the approbation of that church to preach. The soci-
ety now hired the third story of the brick building on the cor-
ner of Union and Middle streets; and in the month of March,
1801, those who had been baptized met together, signed arti-
cles of faith and agreed to unite together in church fellowship.
For their regular organization, they invited a council com-

 

ture, he acquired great influence in the denomination of which he was an orna-
ment and support. In all the relations of life he was highly exemplary ; I can .
well remember the kindness of manner with which he has often patted me on
the head and taken me upon his knee; the impression of his open and amiable
countenance will never be effaced from my memory.
688 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

posed ‘of the churches of Brunswick, North Yarmouth, and
New Gloucester, which assembled in Portland in July, 1801,
and proceeded to constitute the persons who had before associ-
ated together, “as a church of Christ ;”! the following Septem-
ber, Benjamin Titcomb was invited to take the pastoral charge
of the society.

In June, 1803, the first meeting-house was erected in Federal
street ; this was one story high, it was removed in 1811, and
the large and convenient church now occupied by the society
was erected on the same spot.2 At the time the first house
was built, twenty-nine persons had been admitted to the church,
of which one had died. In 1804, Mr. Titcomb moved to Bruns-
wick and relinquished his pastoral care over the society. He
was succeeded by the Rev. Josiah Convers, who was ordained
October 21,1807, and at his own request was dismissed in
1810. In May of the same year, the Rey. Caleb Blood took
the pastoral office, in which he continued until his death,
March 6,1814.? The pulpit was supplied by occasional preach-
ing until November, 1815, when the Rev. Thomas B. Ripley
commenced preaching to the society, and was ordained July,

1816.4

Mr. Ripley was very popular and successful as a preacher ;
during his ministry of twelve years, two hundred and nineteen

1The persons who had associated together as a church were Thomas Beck,
Betsey Beck, Edward Carlton, Ruth Wheeler, Sally Tukey, Thankful Butman,
Louis Owen, Eleanor Riggs, Moses Cross, and Mary Titcomb. Thomas Beck and
Edward Carlton were chosen deacons July 21, 1802. Deacon Carlton died in
1825, and Deacon Beck in 1830, aged seventy.

2A handsome tower was added to this house and furnished with a bell in
1831. In 1847 the house was entirely remodeled, the floor raised, and a con-
venient basement fitted up.

3 Mr. Blood, when he died, was in the sixtieth year of his age, and thirty-eighth
of his ministry. He was deeply lamented by his society and friends.

‘The Rev. Dr. Baldwin of Boston preached the sermon, The society was
incorporated in 1820,
-

BAPTISTS—FEDERAL STREET SOCIETY. 689

persons were added to his church, of which fifty-five were the
fruits of his first year’s labor. Mr. Ripley’s connection with
the society terminated on occasion of some unhappy disagree-
ment in 1828; in March of that year he tendered a resignation
of his office, which was accepted. He left the socicty with the
deep and lasting regret of many of its members, to whom he
had endeared himself by the practice of those virtues which
adorn aman and a christian; his truly catholic spirit and
amiable deportment extended the circle of his friends wide be-
yond the precincts of his parish.!

Mr. Ripley was succeeded by the Rev. Ebenezer Thresher,
Jr., of Providence, R. I., who was ordained December 17, 1828.
He held the office but fifteen months, when the connection by
mutual consent was dissolved. On the third of November,
1830, the Rev. George Leonard of Salem, having accepted the
invitation of the society, was installed ; the sermon and address
to the pastor were delivered by the Rev. Rufus Babcock, of
Salem. Mr. Leonard’s services were peculiarly acceptable to
his people, but in the midst of his usefulness, they were sud-
denly deprived of them by his death, which took place in Wor-
cester, Mass., August 12, 1831. His remains at the request
of his widow were brought to this place, and funeral solem-
nities were performed over them at the meeting-house, and
were followed to their final resting-place by a large portion of
the church and congregation.

It was not until more than a year afterward that Mr. Leon-
ard’s place was supplied. Rev. Mr. Stow, of Portsmouth, was
invited to become their pastor, but declined. In September,
1832, the Rev. John S. Meginnis having accepted the invitation
of the society, was ordained, on which occasion the Rev. Dr.
Wayland, President of Brown University, preached the ser-
mon.? The whole number of persons who had been received

\ Mr. Ripley settled in Bangor, but is now a faithful and devoted minister to
the poor in this city.

2 Mr, Meginnis was a native of Pittsburg, Penn.
690 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

into this church from its organization to October 28, 1830, was
three hundred and eighty-nine, of whom two hundred and
thirty then remained, sixty-one having died, and the remainder
ninety-eight, having been dismissed to other churches, or ex-
cluded from their communion.

The number of members of the church in 1863 was three
hundred and nineteen, and of scholars in the Sunday school
two hundred and sixty-eight. Mr. Meginnis resigned the pas-
toral charge in 1837, and was succeeded by the Rev. James T.
Champlin, who was ordained May 5, 1838. Mr. Champlin felt
compelled to resign his clerical office in 1841 on account of
ill health, and was the same year appointed a professor in.
Waterville College; he is now the valued and popular president
of that institution. After about fourteen months’ intermission
the Rev. Luther F. Beecher of Connecticut was installed in
October, 1842. In 1849 he was invited to Albany, and °
preached his farewell sermon June 7th of that year. The Rev..
Jacob R. Scott was settled as the successor of Mr. Beecher in
September, 1849. In 1853 he was invited by the American
Baptist Missionary Society to take charge of the mission. in
France; he resigned his pastorate April 4th of that year. But:
on further reflection he declined to enter upon that mission,
and in the same year was installed over the Baptist Society in
Fall River, where he died. His place in Portland was filled
by the present pastor, Rev. William H. Shailer, who was in-
stalled in the pastoral office March 19th, 1854, and has suc-
cessfully filled the responsible position, as well as of that of a
good and faithful citizen to the present time. Dr. Shailer was
born in Haddam, Middlesex Co., Conn., was educated at Ma-
dison University, a Baptist College established at Hamilton,
N. Y., from which he graduated in 1835, and which in 1853
conferred upon him the honorary degree of D. D. Dr. Shailer
was called from a church in Brookline, Mass., over which he
had been settled from 1837 to 1854.

The Second or Free Street Baptist Society was formed in
BAPTISTS—FREE STREET SOCIETY. 691

1836 by a secession from the First Baptist Society in 1836.
They purchased the theater building on Free street the same
year and altered it to a convenient church, which was dedicated
August 11th of that year. In 1856 the building was enlarged
and greatly improved in comfort and beauty; a tower was
erected on one front angle, and a tall and graceful spire on the
other, at an expense of about fifteen thousand dollars. On the
first of January, 1837, the Rev. Thomas O. Lincoln was or-
dained their pastor, and continued with them until October
25th, 1841, when he received a dismission and afterward set-
tled in Philadelphia. In February, 1842, the Rev. L. Colby
was settled and remained until June, 1844. In November
following the Rev. J. S. Eaton was inducted into the pastoral
’ office‘and continued faithfully and efficiently to discharge its
duties until his health entirely failed in 1855, when he retired
from his labors and died in 1856 much lamented. He was
succeeded in March, 1855, by the present pastor, the Rev.
George W. Bosworth, under whose successful and able minis-
trations the society is in a very flourishing condition. Mr.
Bosworth was born in Bellingham, Mass., September 30, 1818.
He was educated at Waterville College and Newton Theological
Seminary ; was ordained and settled in Medford, Mass., in
September, 1841, from thence was transferred to the South
Baptist Church in Boston, March, 1846, where he continued
until he was invited to take charge of the society in this city.
In 1862 he received from Waterville College the honorary de-
gree of D. D. The number of members connected with this
church in 1863, was three hundred and seventeen. The whole
number of communicants in the two hundred and seventy-eight
Calvanistic Baptist churches in Maine, in 1863, was thirteen
thousand one hundred and sixteen, with one hundred and
eighty-five ordained ministers.

Christians. A society was established here in 1810, which
has borne the several names of Christians, Freewill Baptists,
and the Union Society. Twelve persons on the eleventh of
692 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

January united themselves together and mutually agreed to
drop all party names and to resume the ancient name of
Christians, by which the disciples of Jesus were known in the
times of the apostles. They adopted the most liberal princi-
ples, admitting to their communion professed christians of all
denominations. Having no formulary or creed, and under no
ecclesiastical government, they take the scriptures for their
sole rule of faith. Many of this society here and in other
places having separated themselves from Calvinistic Baptist
societies, and giving to their members the election of baptism
by sprinkling or immersion, they have been called Freewill
Baptists. The society here first united under the preach-
ing of Elias Smith, who was formerly a Calvinistic. Baptist
preacher, and who acquired some celebrity as an itinerant
preacher. His people did not embrace all the tenets of that
singular man, but felt themselves at liberty to receive what
they approved, and to reject what they believed to be error.
He continued with them about a year, when he moved to
Philadelphia.

Elder Samuel Rand was soon after invited to take the pasto-
ral care of the church and congregation; under:his judicious
and liberal administration the society increased and flourished
for many years. After the Methodists moved into their new
house, this society occupied the old Episcopal church until
1817, when they purchased the old court-house, which they
moved to Court street and made of it a neat and convenient
house of worship. In 1827 their society had increased so
much that they required more spacious accommodations, and
in that year they erected the large and convenient house with
a tall and graceful spire, now occupied by them in Casco street. :
A bell was procured by a general subscription, and the town
placed a clock in the tower. The house was dedicated Octo-,
ber 18,1827. The society was now highly flourishing and
gave promise of increasing numbers and usefulness. But un-
fortunately in 1829, a division took place, which produced a
CHRISTIANS—FREEWILL BAPTISTS. 693

separation of part of the parish and the formation of a new
society. The seceders erected in 1830 a neat meeting-house
in Temple street, called the “Christian Chapel’ and settled
Elder Shaw over them, who continued to be their minister un-
til 1833, when he was succeeded by Elder Tobey.

Mr. Rand remained with the society in Casco street until his
death, which took place October 10, 1830.! The Rev. Charles
Morgridge took charge of the society as successor to Mr. Rand
in 1831. At the time of the separation above noticed, the
church consisted of about three hundred communicants, about
half of whom seceded. The seed of this division had been
some time maturing throughout the whole of this denomination;
one part being much more strict than the other, were desirous
of introducing narrow rules of discipline, and of excluding in-
strumental music from their churches, and even unconverted
persons from taking part in the singing. It is also the opinion
of this party that their ministers have no peculiar privilege
or authority in church discipline, but that any member may
improve his gifts, as they term it, as he has inclination and op-
portunity. They objected to Mr. Rand that he took too much
lead in the meetings, and thought any other person should
have as much liberty to speak as the minister. The liberal
party took precisely opposite views of these subjects, and while
they wished to be free from the trammels of creeds and eccle-
siastical authority, they were desirous of having their meetings
conducted by a regular preacher.

The oldest society in the Christian connection was formed
at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in March, 1808. The breth-

1Mr. Rand was born in Chester, New Hampshire, September 17, 1784; he
joined the society of Christians in 1805, and commenced preaching in Gilman-
town, New Hampshire, in 1807. He received ordination in Portsmouth in 1809.
During the twenty years of his ministry in this town he acquired the friendship
and esteem of persons of all denominations, who formed his acquaintance, and
was a useful and faithful minister. While connected with this society he bap-
tized: three hundred and twenty-five persons,
694 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ren professed to renounce all impositions of mere human
authority in matters of faith and conscience. A similar move-
ment, not by concert, was made about the same time in other
parts of the United States. The members composing this con-
nection have been variously estimated at twenty-five thousand,
thirty thousand, and one hundred and fifty thousand commu-
nicants, with two hundred or three hundred ministers, and
from one thousand to one thousand five hundred churches.
The more correct estimate seems to be one hundred and fifty
thousand communicants, and one thousand five hundred
churches.

Mr. Morgridge retired from his labors here in 1833, and has
since preached to large societies in New Bedford and Fall
River. He subsequently changed his religious sentiments and
took charge of an orthodox society in Essex county, Massachu-
setts. His successor at Casco Street Church was the Rev.
William Coe, who was followed in 1837 by Rev. L. D. Flem-
ing, who officiated until March, 1841. Rev. David Millard
supplied the pulpit from March to September of that year, and
the Rev. Edward B. Rollins succeeded and continued until
May, 1842. During the summer of that year the house was
closed, and in November was sold to a new society which took
the name of the “First Freewill Baptist Society,” and March
6, 1843, the society of “Christians” was dissolved. On De-
cember 5, 1842, Rev. A. K. Moulton commenced preaching to
the new society and continued until September 22, 1847. On
August 1, 1848, Rev. Benjamin D. Peck became the pastor,
and continued his services until 1856, when he unfortunately
engaged in political life and became treasurer of the State,
which proved too strong a lure for his integrity. But new trials
and difficulties occurred under the ministry of Rev. William P.
Merrill, who in 1860 was charged by one of his church with
immoral conduct. This led to along examination before a
council, which pronounced against the conduct of the pastor,
and led to a division of the church; a portion of which with-
CHRISTIANS—FREEWILL BAPTSTS. 695

drew with Mr. Merrill and had separate preaching in a hall.
The society, both fractions, was excluded from the Quarterly
meeting of the denomination in April, 1861, and therefore dis-
solved. Measures of conciliation were subsequently adopted
under the wise and moderate councils of the Rev. Daniel M.
Graham, who came here from New York for the purpose, and
on the 3d of April, 1852, a new church and society was organ-
ized, which combined members of both divisions, and voted to
adopt the covenant of the Freewill Baptist denomination. They
adopted the name of the First Freewill Baptist Church of Port-
land, and unanimously elected the Rev. Mr. Graham to be their
pastor. Since this amicable arrangement, the church has been
admitted to the conference and with the congregation has been
constantly increasing under the efficient ministrations of its
popular pastor. It is now in a very flourishing condition with
a large church and Sunday school. Its creed is Trinitarian.
Dr. Graham is a native of Milan in Ohio; was educated at
Oberlin College, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1844, and
came here after a twelve years’ ministry in New York. After
receiving his Master’s degree, in 1847, he was placed at the
head of Hinsdale College in Michigan, the chief institution of
that denomination in the West. In 1863 he received from
Bowdoin College the honorary degree of S. T. D.

In the “Christian Chapel,” the religious sentiment of which
was Unitarian, Elder Tobey was succeeded in 1835 by Rev.
Samuel E. Brown, who labored successfully with them until
1847. Elder Guilford then presided two years, when Mr.
Brown returned. The Chapel was burnt in 1856, and never
rebuilt ; the society was afterward dissolved, some of its mem-
bers going back to the Casco Street church, while others wor-
shiped and still worship at the Preble Chapel.

Universalists. The society of Universalists was established
and incorporated under the act concerning parishes, in 1821.
The same year they erected their house of worship on the cor-
ner of Pearl and Congress streets, which was finished. by an ele-
696 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

vated spire ; it is constructed of wood, one story high, with
long windows and without side galleries, is seventy-five feet in
length and forty-four in width. It cost six thousand dollars,
and was dedicated August 16,1821. A bell was furnished for
the tower, by subscription, weighing one thousand two hundred
and thirty-six pounds.

In August, 1821, the Rev. Russell aaue took the pastoral
charge of the society and continued to discharge its duties un-
til May, 1827, when at his request he received a dismission.!
In July following he was succeeded by the Rev. John Bishe.
The society was in a flourishing condition under the preaching
of Mr. Bisbe, who was a talented and popular minister; but they
were doomed toa severe disappointment by the sudden death of
their pastor in the midst of his duties and his days, March 8,
1829.2 After this, until the summer of 1831, the pulpit was
principally supplied by Rev. William I. Reese, but the health
of his family not permitting him to remain, he was dismissed at
his own request,.and the Rev. Menzies Rayner was invited to
supply his place: He came from Hartford, Connecticut, and
took charge of the society in September, 1831.

Mr. Rayner’s connection was dissolved in 1835; he was suc-
ceeded by the Rev. D. D. Smith, son of Elias Smith, who con-
tinued with them three years, when, in 1838, the Rev. Charles
C. Burr was installed and remained until 1842. The same
year the Rev. L. L. Sadler of New Bedford was employed to
preach to the society and continued to 1847, when the Rev.
Russell Streeter returned to his former charge from Woodstock,

'The installation services were performed by Rev. Mr. Ballou of Boston; and
Rev. Mr. Streeter of Portsmouth. Mr. Streeter is a native of Vermont, and is
now preaching i in Shirley, Massachusetts.

2Mr, Bisbe was born in Plympton, Massachusetts, in 1798, was graduated at
Brown University, and commenced the study of law in the oftice of Judge Mor-
ton of Massachusetts. Before completing his studies, he was attracted to the
study of divinity, which he pursued with great ardor, embracing the doctrines
of the final restoration. In 1824 he was settled in Hartford, Connecticut, from
which place he came here on the invitation of this society.
UNIVERSALISTS. 697

Vermont, and was hired from year to year until 1854, when
in January of that year the Rev. C. R. Moor of Watertown,
accepted an invitation to become their pastor at a salary of one
thousand dollars a year, which was raised to one thousand two
hundred dollars in 1856, and in 1858 to one thousand four
hundred, Mrs. Abigail Ilsley of Portland having given to the
society a house and lot on Middle street, to form a fund for the
use of the parish; the property was sold in 1854 for one thou-
sand eight hundred dollars. The society at their next annual
meeting placed on record a vote of thanks to that lady for her
generous gift and a pledge for its application as a perpetual
“Isley Fund.” In 1860, Jonathan Morgan, who had been
clerk of the parish for thirty-one years, retired from the office
and received the thanks of the society. In December, 1860,
Mr. Moor was compelled by failing health to resign the pasto-
ral office, to take effect on the first of next January: Where-
upon the society voted, that his resignation “is received with
sorrow and regret, and that we desire to convey to Brother
Moor our full appreciation of the ever faithful, prompt, and
christian fulfilment of the duties of his office for the seven
years he has been ministering the word of God to us,” etc.
The Rev. Edwin C. Bolles was immediately employed as a
candidate, and in March unanimously invited to a permanent
settlement, with a salary of one thousand six hundred dollars ;
having accepted the call he has continued their pastor to the
present time. In 1864 his salary was raised to two thousand
dollars.

The parish is in a flourishing condition and had become so
numerous in 1864 as to encourage the erection of a new church.
Accordingly several members of the old society with some
other persons, in the spring of 1864, purchased a valuable and
eligible lot on High street, and have erected on it an expensive
and beautiful church which is an ornament to the city, and
will not cost less than sixty thousand dollars, including the lot.

45
698 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

It is not yet completed, nor is a society for it organized. The
erection of this fine building, brings together in that immedi-
ate neighborhood an unusual number of church edifices, viz:
The Free Street Baptist, High Street, New Universalist, Cen-
tral, Park Street, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, State Street, and
Pine street. We know of no attraction for that particular
locality, other than its elevated and beautiful situation.

Swedenborgians. In the winter of 1824—25, Dr. Timothy
Little having met with the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg,
became deeply interested in them, and was convinced of their
genuineness and truth. He led some others to their peru-
sal, and in the following year, he, with three others, held
regular meetings on Sabbath evenings to read and converse
upon the doctrines of the New Church. . Others successively
attended the mectings, until the number had sufficiently in-
creased to induce them to hold their services in public,
which commenced in June, 1829. On Sunday, August 21,
1831, thirteen persons received baptism and were constituted
a society in the New Jerusalem Church. The male mem-
bers were Dr. Little, Samuel Colman, Oliver Gerrish, Dr. A.
Rea, Ebenezer Mason, and William Hunnewell, Jr. Rev.
Thomas Worcester and delegates from the Boston society as-
sisted in the organization. Their mectings were first held in
the vestry of the Methodist church in Cumberland street, and
were conducted by prayer, reading selections from the bible and
the works of Swedenborg ; Dr Little, the leader of the service,
occasionally preached a discourse written by himsclf. They
had occasional visits from regular preachers of their order, who
officiated to the society.

In November, 1837, the Rev. Henry Worcester became their
preacher and continued in the ministry until, his lamented
death May 24,1841. He was succeeded by the Rev James
Scott, who preached about three years and was followed suc-
cessively by Rev. Mr. Colburn for three months, and Rev.
Thomas D, Sturdevant until October, 1847. In the absence
SWEDENBORGIANS. 699

of a preacher after that time, Dr. Little again officiated, as at
first, until his death, which took place November 27, 1849, at
the age of seventy-three years. This excellent man and found-
er of this society, was son of Paul Little who came from New-
bury to this town September 8, 1761, with John Batler, to
pursue the trade of a silversmith; our late worthy fellow citi-
zen Joseph H. Ingraham, also served his time with Butler.
He died in Windham, February 11,1818. Dr. Little was born
October 27, 1776; his mother, the second wife of his father,
was a widow Souther, whose maiden name was Norton, from
Ipswich. He practiced his medical profession several years at
New Gloucester before coming to Portland, and was considered
a careful, conscientious, and skillful physician. He was suc-
eceded by the Rev. William B. Hayden, who was licensed to
preach by the Maine association of the New Church, in August,
1850, and entered upon his ministry with this society the next
month. He was ordained its pastor by the General Convention
of the New Jerusalem Church, sitting in Boston, June 18, 1851,
and gave himself faithfully and earnestly to his pastoral labors
until September 14, 1864, when his connection with the society
terminated. At the commencement of his ministry, his church
consisted of forty-seven members; during the fourteen years
he presided over it he baptized one hundred and fifty-two per-
sons, received to the society seventy-five, married forty couples,
confirmed thirty-five, and attended twenty-five funerals, all
within his own parish, except some of the marriages. Beside
these services he attended some funerals and administered
some baptisms outside of his own society.

Mr. Hayden married a daughter of the late Dr. Woods of
the Andover Theological Seminary, and has now gone to Cin-
cinnati to take charge of a parish there. He is a gentleman of
cultivated mind and literary tastes, and has published several
works in connection with his doctrinal system, which have
given him a high reputation.
700 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

In 1837 the society erected the neat chapel or church on
Congress street, in which. they now worship, which was dedi-
cated August 26, ofthat year. But the wants of the society
demand more ample room, and they are seeking better accom-
modations.

Roman Catholics. The number of emigrants, especially of
the Irish nation, having become considerably numerous in
town, they felt a desire of enjoying in their adopted country,
the religious consolations of their own church. As soon as
their situation and wishes were made known to the Rev. Mr.
Cheverus, the late amiable and accomplished bishop of Boston,
he came here in 1822, and established a society under the pat-
ronage of the Roman Sce. The society was small and poor ;
they held their meetings, until 1828, in a room in Haymarket
row, and were visited every year by Bishop Cheverus, until his
return to France.

A small brick church was erected in State street, in 1828
under the direction of the society, by subscriptions collected
in Boston and other places, which were liberally aided by the
protestants of this town, and was consecrated to the name of St.
Dominic.

The society at its organization belonged to the Diocese of
Boston, which then comprehended all New England. The
earliest preaching they had was by the Rev. Dennis Ryan, who
was established over a small society in Whitefield in the county
of Lincoln, and the Rev. Mr. McNama, a missionary priest.
In 1827 they were placed under the care of the Rev. Charles
D. French, and were occasionally visited by Bishop Fenwick of
Boston, who was a native of Maryland; Mr. French was an em-
igrant from Ireland and was a friar of the order of Si. Dominic.
They originally numbered about three hundred persons, mostly
natives of Ireland or their descendants. They grew very rapidly,
so that in 1850 the congregation had reached to nearly fifteen
hundred and it had become necessary to enlarge the church,
which was done in 1848. The denomination had become so
ROMAN CATHOLIC. 701

numerous in Maine, that it was thought expedient to create a
new diocese, and in 1855 the Right Rev. David W. Bacon was
appointed its bisliop, embracing Maine and New Hampshire.
This worthy and popular prelate has given a great impetus to
the denomination in this city and throughout his diocese. In
1856 he purchased a fine estate on Cumberland strect for a
private residence and with sufficient vacant land on which to
erect a cathedral; he immediately proceeded to build a chapel
for present convenience, which will seat six hundred or more
persons, which is filled in seasons of worship, and he is gather-
ing materials and means to carry his favorite project of a cathe-
dral into effect. In 1863 he extended his lot southerly to
Congress street embracing the fine house occupied by the late
Hiram Covell, and has with excellent taste ornamented the
grounds and by substantial improvements made a house worthy
of a bishop to dwell in, and to which he has already transferred
his residence. This dignitary has also established schools in
different parts of the town, and is using his wide influence to
elevate and improve the character of the large and increasing

_ population which acknowledges his spiritual jurisdiction. The
Rev. Eugene Muller officiates in the church of St. Dominic.
The Bishop’s church is called the church of the “Immaculate
Conception,” and connected with it is a convent in which are
about a dozen ladies from the Notre Dame in Montreal. There
are about two thousand children, boys and girls, gathered in
the Catholic schools, and in the one on Munjoy’s hill, is a
chapel for a Sunday school and other services. Bishop Bacon
is a native of the city of New York, was appointed a bishop in
March, 1855, and came to his diocese in the May following.
It is a striking fact showing the progress of Romanism in this
country, that the two arch bishops and nearly all the bishops
of that denomination are of American birth ; and not belonging
to any of the religious European orders, are generally more
liberal than the foreign clergy of that church.
CHAPTER XXIV.

SEPARATION OF MAINE rRoM MASSACHUSETTS.

As Portland bore a conspicuous part in the history of the
separation of this State from Massachusetts, and as we have in
the first part of this work given an account of our earliest con-

nection with that Commonwealth, we may be pardoned for ~~

introducing a chapter devoted to a summary view of the disso-
lution of that ancient union. —

After the close of the war, the separation of Maine, which
then consisted of what were called the “three eastern coun-
ties,” viz., York, Cumberland, and Lincoln, from Massachusetts,
early occupied the attention of people in the District. The
first public suggestion made on the subject was in the following
acrostic, published in the Falmouth Gazette, February 5, 1785.

F rom th’ ashes of the old, a Town appears,
And Pheenix like, her plumy head she rears.

L ong may she flourish ; be from war secure;
M ade rich by commerce and agriculture ;

O ’er all her foes triumphant; be content

U nder our happy form of government ;

T ill (what no doubt will be her prosp'rous fate)
H erself’s the mistress of a rising State.

On this hint a writer over the signature of “A Farmer,” en-
tered at once on the discussion of the subject, and in his com-
munication puts the following queries: ‘Have we not good
SEPARATION. 703

harbors and well situated for fishery, and a foreign trade, and
materials for ship building and the lumber business? Haye
we not a great tract of uncultivated land with only a few roads
into the wilderness? If so, how are these natural advantages
to be made useful to us, or to the public, but by giving the
greatest encouragement possible to people to cultivate the wild
land and bring the lumber to the markets? And how is it pos-
sible to accomplish these valuable ends in any other way
so well as by restoring to the province of Maine its ancient
privileges ?’”!

The discussion thus opened was pursued with great spirit
and considerable ability, in which the advantages contemplated
from a local government in the District were fully set forth.
The principal objections urged were, that it was too early to
agitate the question, the people needed time to recover from
the agitation and losses of war, and that the expenses of sup-
porting a separate government would be greatly enhanced. A
writer, who adopted the signature Jmpartialis, and who wrote
with much candor, estimated the difference of expense between
an independent government and a continuation with Massa-
chusetts two thousand five hundred pounds. He put the pro-

portion then paid by this district to the treasury of Massachu-
setts at one thousand pounds, being one-tenth of the whole
amount, and the expense of supporting a separate government
at three thousand five hundred pounds; he was followed by
another writer of much more sanguine temperament, who,
admitting the correctness of much of the calculation of Im-
partialis, yet by cutting off some items of expenditure and
reducing others, made the excess for the maintenance of a
local government to be but one thousand five hundred and
thirty pounds.? This it will be perceived was more than double

1This writer in another communication remarks, that the separation ‘was
contemplated before the war.”

2 Both writers put down the governor's salary at two hundred pounds, the
secretary's at one hundred and fifty pounds, four judges for the Supreme Court
704 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the actual expense the District was then paying for the bene-
fits of a free representative system. This difference in expense
was to be more than compensated, by the superior inducements
held out for emigration, improvement of roads, and the better
application of laws to the peculiar situation and wants of the
territory.

Some laws had been enacted in Massachusetts, which were
considered at the time by many people here injurious to our
trade and oppressive in their operation, among these were the
stamp, the lumber, the navigation, and excise acts; but the
lumber and navigation acts, which were considerably com-
plained of at the time, have been sanctioned by experience,
and confessedly laid deep and strong the foundations of our
prosperity. Before that time British vessels were allowed to
come to our ports and take lumber, upon the dimensions of
which there were no restrictions. This act excluded British
vessels, because ours were excluded from the colonies of Britain,
and provided that no lumber should be shipped unless the differ-
ent species corresponded with the standard fixed by law.
These were at first felt to be grievances, and thought to be un-
warrantable restraints upon trade, as is every regulation when
first adopted, which interferes with our natural rights; but
they were measures of protection, and experience confirmed
their wisdom.

Under these feelings of discontent, the discussion of the
separation question was pushed on, and all the advocates for
the measure were looking forward for some section of the Dis-
trict to take the lead in the measure. One writer on the 27th

 

at six hundred and thirty pounds, that is, three at one hundred and fifty pounds
each, and the chief justice at one hundred and eighty pounds. The above esti-
mate was exclusive of the pay of the representatives in each case, because as
they were paid by their respective towns the item was supposed to be balanced.
Another writer reduced the excess by a closer calculation to six hundred and
twenty-two pounds, which he balanced by the advantage “of expending the
money among ourselves.”
SEPARATION. 705

of August, 1785, observes, “I am convinced that the minds of
the people are now ripe for the important question, and that a

beginning is only necessary to insure a speedy and happy com-
pletion of the measure now in contemplation ; this beginning

must and will be made somewhere. Orientalis mentioned
York; but they hitherto have declined. I wish as I ever have
done, that Falmouth might have the honor of taking the first
step. If they likewise decline, I would by no means have that
operate as a hindrance to those other towns, that are now wait-
ing and wishing to follow them.”

Other propositions were made for the purpose of ascertaining
the sense of the people upon the project, which at last resulted
in the following notice, which appeared in the Falmouth Gazette
of September 17, 1785, without date or signature: ‘“Agreeable
to a request, made and signed by a large and respectable num-
ber of persons, to the printers of this Gazette, the inhabitants
of the three counties of York, Cumberland, and Lincoln, are
hereby notified, that so many of them as incline, or can con-
veniently attend, are requested to meet at the meeting-house
of the Rev. Messrs. Smith and Deane, in Falmouth, on Wednes-
day the fifth day of October next, to join in a conference, then
and there to be held, on the proposal of having the said coun-
ties erected into a separate government; and if it should be
thought best, to form some plan for collecting the sentiments
of the people on the subject, and pursue some regular and
orderly method of carrying the same into effect.”

The request to the printer to make this notice was signed
by the most respectable men on the Neck.

_ On the day appointed a number of persons from different
parts of the District assembled at the meeting-house of the first
parish in this town.' They chose Peleg Wadsworth, chairman,
and discussed the subject of separation in a dispassionate man-
ner; after which a committee of seven was chosen to prepare

' About thirty persous were couvened.—Perley.
706 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

a circular letter to be sent to every town and plantation in the
three counties, inviting them to send delegates to a convention
to be held at the same place, on the first Wednesday of Jan-
uary, 1786, “to consider the expediency of said counties being
formed into a separate State.”

Some writers endeavored to resist the current which seemed
to be setting in favor of separation, believing that the time had
not arrived for an event which they admitted would one day
take placs. ‘A friend to Justice” observed, “The United States
are but just emerging from a cruel and expensive war; in
which, perhaps, but few parts of America have been greater
sufferers than the inhabitants of this eastern tract. Our treas-
ures are exhausted, commerce embarrassed, money extremely
scarce, and taxes enormously high;” he further observed that
although ingenious estimates had been made, he did not believe
that taxes would be lightened. He proposed instead of calling
a convention to consider of a separation, that the people should
unite in a petition to the legislature for a removal of all unnec-
essary restrictions and burdensome inequalities from this part
of the Commonwealth. Among the grievances complained of
as existing, were the following: That the records of the Su-
preme Court were kept at Boston, to which it was necessary to
go to get all papers necessary for evidence; that the expense
of returning executions so great a distance caused a burden-
some expense which fell generally on the poor ;! that but one
Supreme Court was held a year in York and Cumberland
and none in Lincoln; that the distance from the seat of gov-
ernment and the infrequency of conveyance prevented their
receiving the enactments of the government in due season.
Public opinion was in a most unsettled state on the ques-
tion, and many towns declined sending delegates to the con-

‘It was said that the service of a writ of four pounds returnable in the old
Commonwealth, was forty shillings, and the return of an execution from the
eastern extremity of the country, three pounds.
SEPARATION. 707

vention.! This town, at a mecting called for the purpose,
elected Peleg Wadsworth, Stephen Hall, John Waite, Enoch
Isley, and Samuel Freemén as delegates, and a committee was
appointed to draw instructions to be given them; the in-
structions reported by the committee were unfavorable to sep-
aration: when the report was announced, the article under
which the choice was made was again called up and dismissed ;
the persons chosen however took seats in the convention. This
body met at the time appointed, January 4, 1786, and was or-
ganized by the choice of William Gorham of Gorham, presi-
dent, and Stephen Longfellow, Jr., of the same town, clerk.
A committee of nine was then chosen to state the grievances
under which the eastern counties labored in their connection
with Massachusetts, and to form an estimate of the expense of
a separate government. The committee reported the several
subjects of grievance which followed from their connection with
Massachusetts, but avoided making any estimate of the expense
of an independent government, on the ground that it was un-
certain what form the people would adopt. The convention
added to the report a vote recommending a full representation
of all the towns to the General Court, and another earnestly
inviting them to send delegates to an adjourned meeting of
the convention to be held in September following. They ad-
journed without testing the opinions of the members upon the
question of separation ; it having been thought advisable from
the small number present, not to bring the subject immediately
before them.?

' About half the towns and plantations only were represented.— Falmouth
Gazette, January 7, 1780.

2The number of delegates chosen was ten from York, twelve from Cumber-
land. and eleven from Lincoln, about twenty attended; the largest towns in the
District, as York, Wells, Falmouth, Scarborough, and North Yarmouth, were in
the opposition. Only three towns in York were represented, viz., Fryeburg,
Brownfield, and Wells; the county of Lincoln had the largest representation.
North Yarmouth transmitted to the convention a letter, assigning their reasons
for declining to send a delegate, and for their opposition to the measure. They
708 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The governor of Massachusetts, at the opening of the ses-
sion in 1786, noticed the attempts at separation in his speech
to the General Court, and a committee was raised to report a
bill declaratory of the allegiance which the inhabitants owed
to the government, and of the ill consequences of a dismem-
berment of the Commonwealth. During the interval of ad-
journment, the merits of the question were discussed with
more feeling and more ability than at any previous period, and
all the arguments adduced on both sides which the case seemed ,
to admit. Judge Thatcher of Biddeford took an active part
in the discussion. This town, the separation from Falmouth
having then taken place, appointed new delegates, viz., Peleg
Wadsworth, Samuel Freeman, Stephen Hall, Daniel Davis, and
Stephen Codman, who, after a protracted and animated debate
in town meeting, were instructed to oppose “to the utmost of
their abilities,” any dismemberment of the Commonwealth.
The convention, by the election of new members, being con-
sidered a new body, was reorganized by the choice of Judge
Gorham for president, and Stephen Longfellow, Jr., for clerk.'
The convention prepared an address to be transmitted to the
several towns and plantations, and the form of a petition to
the legislature, in which they say that the grievances under
which the people in the District labored, “cannot be remedied
in their present connection with the other part of the Common-
wealth. Our local situation, the nature of our commerce, and
the jarring of our interests render it necessary, in order to an |
effectual removal of them, that we should be erected into an
independent State.” The inhabitants of the towns were re-
quested to act upon the subject one way or the other, and

' The number of members returned was five from York, sixteen from Cumber-
land, and ten from Lincoln; the convention continued but two days in session.

 

supposed that the charges of government would be at least four times as much
as then paid; another reason was, ‘the want of a sufficient number of gentle-
men of ability in important matters of government,” which “must render their
councils weak if not contemptible.”—Falmouth Gazette, March 9, 1786.
SEPARATION, 709

transmit their proceedings to the convention at their adjourn-
ment on the 31st day of January, 1787.

These proceedings were brought before the town at a meet-
ing held in December, and a vote was taken on the abstract
question of separation, which stood eleven for and fifty against
the measure.!

The convention met agreeably to adjourment, and the peti-
tion to the General Court for an independent government, was
put into the hands of a committee to present it or not, at their
discretion. The meeting was thinly attended, and was again
adjourned to meet at the same place on the first Wednesday, 5th
day of September, following. It is not to be disguised that little
success awaited upon the efforts of the friends of separation at
this period ; a large majority of the people were opposed to the
plan, regarding it with apprehension, in consequence of the
embarrassed state of the Commonwealth in its political and
financial affairs. The committec, in view of this state of
things, did not present the petition at the session following the
adjournment, but delayed it until the next session after.2, The
convention at their adjournment in September, issued an ad-
dress to the people, stating that the petition for separation was
before the General Court, and that their deliberations on the
subject would be assisted by being possessed of authentic infor-
mation on the state of public opinion in the District relative to
the question ; and recommended to the inhabitants of the sev-
eral towns to express their sentiments freely by subscribing yea
or nay to papers which would be issued for the purpose.* In

! The votes of thirty-two towns were returned to the convention. Those from
eight towns were opposed to and those from twenty-four were in favor of the
measure ; the votes of these thirty-two towns were six hundred and eighteen in
the affirmative, and three hundred and fifty-two in the negative; eight towns
which made no returns sent delegates, the opinion of the other towns was not
ascertained; there were then ninety-three towns in the District.

2 Samuel Thompson was chairman of the committee.

3 The returns made under this appeal contained about one thousand names, of
which about nine hundred were in favor of separation,
710 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

March, 1788, the General Court took up the petition and com-
mitted it to a select committee, but nothing further was done
with it that session.

At the January session in 1789, the petition was recommit-
ted after a short debate, in which Dr. Jarvis of Boston opposed
the further action of the legislature on the subject, as it went,
he said, to the dismemberment of the right arm of the Com-
monwealth. Mr. Bowdoin, who was chairman of the committee,
observed, that the towns represented in the convention were
but about one-third of the towns in the eastern counties, and
that there was only a small number of the people in favor of a
separation. The prayer of the petitioners was not granted.
The convention in the mean time had had several adjourn-
ments, at which there was no attendance but that of the presi-
dent, secretary, and the Portland members; and after the
unfavorable result of their petition, it was thought unnecessary
and inexpedient to keep alive that body ; no meeting was there-
fore held at the time of the last adjournment.' Thus expired
the first efforts to procure an independent government in
Maine, which were made by a few men, who took a deep and
active interest.in the measure, but who were not sustained by
the great mass of the people.

The next attempt emanated from a meeting of the senators
and representatives of the District, held in Boston in February,
1791. They first endeavored to bring the subject before the
General Court by reviving the old petition of 1786, but it was
so strongly urged that the petition did not represent the opin-
ions of the people, that it was abandoned, and a number of the
representatives united in an “address to the numerous and re
spectable inhabitants of the great and extensive District of
Maine,” recommending all the towns “to require their select-
men to insert in their warrant for calling a town meeting in

'Three members from Portland attended at the time and place appointed.

One was appointed chairman, another secretary, and the third put a motion for
adjournment,
ae

SEPARATION. T11

May, for a choice of a representative, an article for their town,
at such meeting to take into consideration the propriety of
petitioning the General Court at their next session, for their
consent to our separation from Massachusetts, and of being
forthwith erected into a distinct, separate, free, sovercign, and
independent State ; and that the number who may respectively
vote, at such meeting, for or against the question, may be taken
down and minuted upon the town books, in order that the
sentiments of the voters may be fully known and truly ascer-
tained.”

This recommendation received general attention, and many
of thie towns, especially those favorable to separation, had their
votes on the question recorded. In Portland, an animated
discussion took place and the subject was committed to the
Rev. Mr. Deane, Stephen Hall, Danicl Davis, Daniel Hsley, and
Samuel Freeman, to report on the advantages and disadvan-
tages of the proposed measure. The report of this intelligent
committee embodies the principal arguments on the subject,
and was favorable to separation ; they estimated the whole ex-
pense of supporting a separate government at one thousand nine
hundred and seventy-two pounds. When the report was made
at an adjourned meeting, a further debate took place, and on a
division the vote stood thirty-eight for and thirty-eight opposed
to separation, the moderator gave his casting vote in the affirm-
ative.! The county of Lincoln was most decidedly in favor of
the new government; they suffered more inconvenience from
the great distance of the seat of government and the deposit of
judicial records than cither of the others.

The cause was publicly advocated by William Symmes of
Portland, in a series of essays over the signature of Alcibiades,
and Daniel Davis published a pamphlet of over fifty pages, in
which he warmly espoused the affirmative side of the question.

1In this debate, the expense of a separate government was strongly urged
-against the measure; to obviate this in some degree, one of the other side, very
zealous in the cause, replied that he would serve as governor two years for

nothing !
ab

712 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Notwithstanding the subject had been so long before the
public, its friends were exceedingly embarrassed by the uncer-
tainty which hung over the true state of public opinion. They
were continually met in the legislature and abroad with the
objection that the majority of the people were opposed to the
measure. While this state of things existed, it was found im-
possible to make much progress. They were determined to
bring the matter at once to the test, and with this view the
senators and representatives from Maine, at the January ses-
sion of the legislature in 1792, presented a memorial in which
they prayed that an order might be passed for taking the sense
- of the people upon the question. After debating the subject
several days, the prayer of the memorial was granted by a vote
eighty-four to twenty-seven, and the first Monday of May, 1792,
was appointed for the people in their several towns in the Dis-
trict, to give their votes for and against separation, which were
required to be returned to the Secretary of State’s office.

The question was now directly presented to the people in a
tangible shape, they must act one way or the other; the papers
were filled with labored communications on the subject, ap-
pealing to the passion, pride, and prejudices of the people in a
variety of aspects. The order did not pass the senate until
March 6, so that little time was left for discussion; but this
was improved with great spirit.

The vote was taken at the appointed time, and stood in the
different counties as follows :

 

York, 202 yeas, 991 nays.

Cumberland, 618 « 596“

Lincoln, 1090 “ sol“

Hancock, 163 “+ 845“

Washington, P44 91“
2074 2525

showing a clear plurality against the measure of four hundred
and fifty votes in the District.!. This result, so unexpected to

'In Portland the vote was eighty-six yeas, fifty nays.
SEPARATION. 713

the sanguine advocates of separation, suspended for a short
time any further attempts on their part.

In October, 1793, however, a number of persons from various
parts of the District being at Portland attending court, pro-
posed to revive the subject, and for that purpose a meeting was
called at the court-house in Portland, at which Gen. Wads-
worth presided, by which a large committee was chosen to
correspond with the towns in the district and invite them to
send delegates to a convention, to be held on the last Tuesday
in December of that year. The principal reason assigned for
this new attempt is expressed in the first vote adopted by the
primary meeting, “‘voted as the opinion of this meeting, that
the time of revising the constitution of the Commonwealth, will
be a proper time for erecting the five eastern counties into an
independent government.’”’ Portland clected Samuel Freeman,
Daniel Tucker, John Thrasher, Samuel Waldo, John Fox, and
Jolin Mussey, delegates to this convention. A strong spirit of
opposition existed in the town, and three meetings were called
on the subject; at the first meeting the article to choose dele-
gates was dismissed, at the second, threc were chosen, and at
the third meeting, three more; a much larger number was pro-
posed with the avowed intention of voting down the project in
the convention, two of the persons chosen, at least, Waldo and
Tucker, were hostile to the separation.'

The convention which assembled at this call appointed Dan-
iel Cony, chairman, and 8. Freeman, clerk, but not being

-numerously attended, it. was thought expedient to do nothing
more than to recommend another convention to be held in Port-
land on the third Wednesday of June following, to take into
consideration the expediency of constituting the three counties,
York, Cumberland, and Lincoln, into a separate State, thus
excluding the two lower counties, Hancock and Washington,

'! The towns represented were Fryeburg, Brownfield, Waterborough, Portland,
Falmouth, Gorham, Hebron, Georgetown, Hallowell, Bowdoin, Winthrop, Read-
field, Monmouth, Mount Vernon, and Winslow.

46
714 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

which were decidedly hostile to separation in any form. To
this summons there was not a full response, but fourteen towns
and three plantations were represented by twenty-five members.
This town elected five delegates, viz., Thomas Motley, Salmon
Chase, James Lunt, William Symmes, and John Bagley. Wm.
Gorham was chosen president, and Nathaniel Dummer of Hal-
lowell, secretary. The members present were favorable to
separation, but as there was not a full representation, they did
not think it proper to come to any decision on the subject ;
they therefore adjourned to the second Tuesday of October,
1794, after having made a new calculation of the expense of a
separate government, and prepared an address to the people
to unite with them in discussing the question.'. The people
seem to have been weary of the continual agitation of the sub-
ject.

At the meeting in October, twenty towns and five planta-
tions were represented, the subject of separation was debated
for four days, when the sentiment of the convention was digested

\ Their calculation was as follows: “The amount necessary for the support of
government as appears by the treasurer’s repo~ to the legislature in January
last, is thirty thousand one hundred and twenty-two pounds thirteen shillings and
six pence per annum. The proportion of this to be paid by the District of
Maine, on the principles of the last valuation, will be about five thousand pounds,
An additional sum, not less we presume than one thousand two hundred, is re-
mitted to the general treasury from this District, in duties of excise. The sum
total is six thousand two hundred pounds. The proportion of public taxes on
the principles of the last valuation, to be defrayed by the counties of Hancock
and Washington, is to that which is to be defrayed by the counties of York, Cum-
berland, and Lincoln, nearly as sixteen to one hundred and forty. The probable
expense of a new government is calculated as follows: Governor’s salary three
hundred pounds; Lt. governor, one hundred and twenty pounds; secretary and
treasurer, three hundred pounds; clerks of ditto, one hundred and forty pounds ;
judges of the S. J. Court, eight hundred and fifty pounds; attorney general,
one hundred and fifty pounds; legislative department, one thousand five hundred
pounds; clerks of both houses, sixty pounds; messenger, thirty pounds; con-
tingencies, one thousand two hundred pounds —four thousand six hundred and
fifty pounds; difference in favor of anew government, one thousand five hundred
and fifty pounds,”
SEPARATION. 715

in the form of thirteen resolutions, which stated the inconven-
iences to which they were subjected from the union with Mas-
sachusetts, their ability to support a separate government, that
their prosperity required “a total separation,” “and any expe-
dient short of that would not be salutary, but dangerous, as it
might amuse and deceive the people for a while.”

A committee was chosen to prepare an address, which should
embody the facts contained in the resolutions, together with a
revised calculation of the expense of a new government, to be
sent to all the towns, with a renewed invitation to join the con-
vention by their delegates at the adjournment on the last
Wednesday in January, 1795. At this adjournment an address
was prepared, signed by William Gorham, president, attested
by Salmon Chase, secretary pro tem., and with the other pro-
ceedings of the convention published in a pamphlet containing
thirty-one pages.

In the address the people were requested to think of the
subject, and give in their votes upon it at the annual meeting
in April; the convention was adjourned to receive the votes.
Very little attention was paid to the recommendation, and the
friends of the cause had the mortification of witnessing another
repulse of their suit to the people. In this town the vote was
taken May 6, 1795, on this question, “Whether it is now or
soon will be expedient for the three western counties of the
District of Maine to be separated from Massachusetts and
formed into an independent State,” and stood yeas, nineteen,
nays, ten.!

No further public movement was made until January, 1797,
when the subject was presented to the legislature in a number
of petitions from different parts of the District, praying that
the votes of the inhabitants should be given on the question.
The petitions were committed and contrary to expectation, the

1 The legal voters then on the question were such as paid a poll tax and another
tax equal to two-thirds of a poll tax. The exceedingly small vote shows that
very little interest was taken on the subject in this town.
716 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

committee reported in favor of the prayer and a resolve was
passed March 2d, authorizing and directing the qualified voters
to assemble on the second Wednesday of May, and give in
their votes on this question, “Shall application be made to the
legislature for their consent to a separation of the District of
Maine from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and that the
same may be erected into a State ?””!

At the same session an act was passed which obviated one of
the grievances that had found a place in every catalogue which
had been issued by the various conventions in the District;
this was the removal of the records of the Supreme Judicial
Court from Boston to the several counties to which they apper-
tained, and the clerks of the counties were authorized to authen-
ticate copies, which had hitherto been done in Boston. This,
although public convenience and justice required it, was re-
garded as a public sacrifice to the pending question of separa-
tion, and no doubt conciliated many opponents.

The result of this new effort was alike unsuccessful, and it
was found that a majority of the people were not ripe for the
measure.

After the unfortunate termination of this renewed experi-
ment, the subject was permitted to repose until 1806, when a
still small voice was lifted in its favor, which was hushed almost
as soon as uttered. In this town an article was inserted in a
warrant for calling a meeting of the inhabitants, to see what
steps the town would take in the case. he article was debated
in the meeting, and the further consideration of it dismissed.
Little was said in the papers on the subject at that time, but
its introduction was probably a prelude to measures adopted
the following winter at Boston, by a number of senators, repre-
sentatives, and citizens of Maine, who assembled together in the
senate chamber, and passed a resolve to apply to the legisla-
ture for an order to take the sense of the people again on the

1 , : . . . ‘
The answer of Portland on this question was yea thirty-cight, nay seventy,
SEPARATION, 17

subject. In pursuance of this application, a resolve was passed "
appointing the first Monday in April, 1807, as the time for the
people to give in their votes on the measure.

The question was agitated at an unfortunate time for the
advocates of the separation; political excitement was then
raging violently, and absorbed every other subject of a pub-
lic nature. Very little discussion took place in the papers,
and the vote was almost silently taken. In this town, the bal-
lot stood seventy-three yeas, and three hundred and ninety-two
_ nays, while at the same meeting the votes for governor stood,
for Strong, four hundred and ninety-two, Sullivan, four hund-
red and twenty-eight, making an aggregate of four hundred
and fifty-five votes more than were given on the question of
separation. In the one hundred and fifty towns, from which
returns were made, the vote was three thousand three hundred
and.seventy for separation, and nine thousand four hundred and
four against it.!

This decisive expression of public sentiment put the question,
which had been before the public with little intermission for
twenty-two years, at rest for some time, during which, the sus-
pension of foreign intercourse and the war, became more
engrossing topics of consideration. But soon after the con-
clusion of peace in 1815, the subject was again revived,
anda, more organized effort was made to accomplish the object;
societies were formed in different places, public meetings were
held, and leading gentlemen in the District made great exer-
tions to arouse the people to a favorable consideration of the
subject.2. They succeeded in procuring a number of petitions
to the legislature for a separation; these were referred to a
committee who reported favorably to the petitioners, and a day

1The votes of Portland are not in the official returns.

2 The Union Society established in June, 1815, for this District, in a circular
sent to every town, remark—‘“In our exertions for the general good of our
country, we must keep an eye to the separation of Maine from Massachusetts.
This subject will soon be spread before the people.”
718 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

was appointed for the people to give their votes in favor or
against the measure. The whole number of votes returned on
this occasion was sixteen thousand eight hundred and ninety-
four, of which ten thousand three hundred and ninety-three
were in favor, and six thousand five hundred and one opposed
to separation.!

On this state of things, the legislature passed an act regula-
ting the principles on which a separation might take place, the
detail of which it is not necessary here to give, and authorized
the inhabitants to assemble in their respective towns on the
first Monday in September, 1816, to choose delegates to a con-
* vention to meet at Brunswick on the last Monday in September.
They were also required to give their votes on the question
whether it is expedient to form the District into an indepen-
dent State, which votes were to be returned to said convention;
and if it appeared that a majority of five to four of the votes so
returned were in favor of separation, the convention was to
proceed and form a constitution and not otherwise.

Under this act the people proceeded to vote and to elect
delegates to the convention. The whole number of votes re-
turned was twenty-two thousand four hundred and sixty-six,
of which number eleven thousand nine hundred and twenty-
seven were in favor and ten thousand five hundred and thirty-
nine against separation ; a majority of five to four of the votes
returned was twelve thousand four hundred and eighty-one
and one-ninth, so that there was a deficiency of the number

required of five hundred and fifty-four and one-ninth votes:
The committee of the convention, however, to whom the sub-
ject was referred, by a peculiar mode of reasoning, arrived at
a different conclusion.? They construed the act to mean not

'The whole number of legal voters in the District of Maine at that time was
thirty-seven thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.

2 John Holmes was chairman of the committee, Judge Preble, one of the mem-
bers, and drew the report, in which a majority of the committee were with diffi-
culty induced to concur. Mr. Holmes at first demurred.
BRUNSWICK CONVENTION. 719

an aggregate majority of five to four of all the votes returned,
but this ratio of the majorities of the several towns and plan-
tations. Their own language will perhaps make their meaning
more clear: ‘As the delegates must be apportioned according
to the respective majorities of their towns, so on the question
of separation, the majorities of yeas in the towns and planta-
tions in favor must be, to the majority of nays in those opposed
as five to four of the votes returned. The corporate majoritie
of yeas must be placed in one column, and those of nays in the
other, and each added, then as five is to four, so is the aggre-
gate majority of yeas in the towns and plantations in favor, to
the aggregate majority of nays in those opposed.” The result
of this calculation gave six thousand and thirty-one yeas and
four thousand eight hundred and twenty-five nays, exceeding
the legislative majority by four hundred and sixteen votes. This
report was accepted in the convention by a vote of one hundred
and three to eighty-four; the minority entered their protest
upon its journals. The convention proceeded to raise commit-
tees to draft a constitution in the recess, and to apply to Mas-
sachusetts and to Congress for the requisite sanctions ; but all
measures were suspended until the result of the application to
the legislature of Massachusetts was known, which being un-
favorable to the construction of the act given by the majority
of the convention, no further proceedings were had on the sub-
ject... The protest earnestly contended against the construc-

1 Of this convention William King was chosen president, and Samuel K. Whiting
of Portland, secretary; the votes of Portland were yeas four hundred and
seventy-five, nays two hundred and one. The convention consisted of one hund-
red and eighty-eight members. Those from Portland were Ezekiel Whitman,
Nicholas Emery, Isaac Adams, Mathew Cobb, William Widgery, and John H.
Hall. Mr Whitman received the opposition votes for president.

An anecdote was related to me in 1825, by a democratic member of the con-
vention, which I have never disclosed and which was never made public. Ata
caucus, he said, of the leading friends of the separation, previous to organization,
much uneasiness was felt that the requisite majority had not been obtained. The
town of Elliot was strongly opposed to separation, and choosing no delegate, she
720 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

tion given to the word majority by the committee, and against
adjournment or the appointment of committees with reference
to a future meeting of the convention, declaring that the ma-
jority required by the legislature not having been obtained,
the duty of the convention then terminated, and “the exercise
of further powers” by it was “usurpation.”

The legislature of Massachusetts sustained the views of the
minority and resolved “that the powers of the Brunswick con-
vention have ceased,” and that it was inexpedient for the pres-
ent General Court to adopt any measures in regard to the
separation of the District of Maine.

Thus terminated at this time the struggle in which the most
strenuous and persevering exertions had been used, and in

 

sent her votes by the delegate of a neighboring town. The votes of that town
were not counted nor reported; if they had been, even the ingenious evasion of
the plain language of the statute in regard to the majority, would not have availed.
It is to the fate of the Elliot vote that my anecdote relates. The package of votes
was handed to a prominent member of the caucus, who threw it out of the window
of Dr. Page’s house where the caucus was held, he then went out and picking
it up, handed it to my informant, saying, ‘‘See that that packet does not go into
the house.” The person who thus received it, gave it to another member and he
to another, until all trace of it was lost. The convention instituted an inquiry
for the lost votes, and several members were examined in regard to them, but
all knowledge was denied, and they accordingly found no place on the journal
or in the count, and the gross fraud proved partially successful. All the parties
to the transaction are dead, and I give no names. The vote of Elliot on the next
trial in 1819, was twenty in favor of separation and one hundred and twenty-two
against it. :

A committee of the legislature of Massachusetts, to whom the subject was
committed, use the following language in their report relative to the construc-
tion of the convention, they “have no hesitation in saying that the committee
have misconstrued the act by which their powers were defined: that the word
‘majority’ refers to the majority of votes returned, and not to the aggregate of
local and municipal majorities: that this is a self-evident position, resulting from
the perusal of the act and not susceptible of illustration or contravention by any
argument. That of consequence the contingency provided by the act as pre--
requisite to the formation of a constitution, and as a condition of the consent of
this legislature, to the separation of Maine, has not occurred, and the powers of
said convention are at an end.”
SEPARATION. 721

which for the first time a majority in favor of separation had
been obtained.

The proceedings and unfavorable result of the Brunswick
convention, for a time rendered the cause of separation unpopu-
lar, and chilled the ardor of its friends. The first attempt
made to revive it was in December, 1817, by a committee, of
which Gen. Chandler of Monmouth was chairman, which ad-
dressed letters to gentlemen in various parts of the District,
with a view to sound them and ascertain the expediency of
again acting on the subject. A meeting of a number of mem-
bers of the legislature, of which Gen. King was chairman, was
held in Boston early in February following, before which the
doings of this committee were laid, and which proceeded lan-
guidly at first to resuscitate the favorite measure. Nothing
material was done until the session of the legislature in Jan-
uary, 1819, when another meeting was held in Boston of per-
sons friendly to separation, which appointed a committee of
fifteen gentlemen, under instructions to make preparatory
arrangements for carrying into effect a separation from Massa-
chusetts, and the establishment of an independent State gov-
ernment.’”! 2

This committee published a circular in April, urging the
people to active exertions in the cause, and the several towns to
send a full representation to the legislature, and to forward
petitions to the next session, ‘soliciting the passage of a law
authorizing the sense of the inhabitants of the District to be
again taken.”’ This appeal set the ball once more in full mo-
tion, and the question was discussed with much animation.

The subject came early before the legislature in June, 1819,
and was committed to a large joint committee,? who entered

1CircutaRr. It is a noticeable fact that in most of the later attempts at sepa-
ration, the first movements proceeded ‘from meetings held in Boston.

2 There were about one hundred petitions from incorporated towns and plan-.
tations, and others from individuals in favor of separation, and a number of
remonstrances against it. The representatives from Maine were one hundred
and twenty-five fur, and twenty-five against separation,
722 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

immediately on the duty assigned them. In a few days they
reported a bill containing the conditions of separation, the ma-
jority necessary for securing the measure, the time for taking
the vote, and in case ‘of success the ulterior course to be pur-
sued, which after slight amendments passed into a law. The
act provided for taking the vote on the 4th Monday in July,
and that a majority being obtained of fifteen hundred in favor
of separation, that delegates should be chosen to meet in con-
vention at Portland, on the second Monday in October, 1819,
to frame a constitution for the new State. Some opposition to
the passage of the law was made in both branches of the legis-
lature of Massachusetts, but it passed by a large majority, the
nine senators and one hundred and twelve of the one hundred
and thirty-two members of the house present from Maine voting
in the affirmative.

As the period for testing public sentiment on the question
approached, a warm and brilliant discussion of the subject took
place, in which the arguments on both sides were presented in
every point of view, and although former divisions of party were
not allowed openly to mingle in the discussion, yet they un-
doubtedly had some influence on the final question ; the polit-
ical papers admitted communications on both sides. Ashur

‘Ware, now the distinguished judge of the United States Dis-
trict Court, a very forcible writer as well as elegant scholar,
was invited from Boston to conduct the controversy in the
Argus, in favor of separation, and ably performed the task. On
the day of trial the vote was strong and decisive, giving a ma-
jority in favor of separation of nine thousand nine hundred and
fifty nine.' Other proceedings were subsequently had pursu-

! The vote of Portland was six hundred and thirty-seven yeas, one hundred
and eighty-eight nays; the official list of returns from the District was yeas
seventeen thousand and ninety-one, nays seven thousand one hundred and thirty-
two. The delegates from Portland were Ezekiel Whitinan, Henry Smith, Nicho-
las Emery, Asa Clapp, William P. Preble, Albion K. Parris, and Isaac Ilsley.
These, except Messrs. Preble and Parris, declined signing the constitution, with
SEPARATION—-CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 723

ant to the act of the legislature, and the convention met at
Portland, October 11, 1819, by which our present constitution
was formed. The State was admitted an independent member
of the Union by Congress, March 4, 1820, and became an inde-
pendent State the 16th of the same month. The first election
of State officers under the new constitution, took place April
8, 1820, and the first legislature convened at Portland, on
Wednesday.- May 31st, of the same year.

 

several others, on account of the inequality of representation allowed to the
large towns. William King was elected president of the convention. It was
composed of the most able and prominent men in the State. Such as Judge
Thatcher, Judge Cony, Judge Parris, Messrs. Whitman, Emery, Holmes,
Preble, Greene, Judge Bridge, Messrs. Dane, Rose, Judge Dana, Messrs.
Jarvis, Shepley, Wallingford, Kingsbury, etc. Mr. Holmes was chairman
of the committee to frame a constitution, Judge Greene on application to Con-
gress, and Judge Preble on the name and title of the State. The constitution
was adopted and sigued October 29, 1819. Thirty members declined to sign it.
CHAPTER XXV.

MISCELLANIES—OCUMBERLAND AND OXFORD CANAL—BRIDGES—~PROMENADES—SHADE TREES—INDUSTRIAL
Socretres— ACADEMY AND ScHOoLS—LIBRARY—ATHENEUM—CHARITABLE SOCIETIES — EiPIDEMICS—
CHANGE OF GOVERNMENT TO CITY FORM—POPULATION AND CHARACTER OF THE INHABITANTS—Cus-
TOM3 OF THE PEOPLE AT DIFFERENT PERIODS—AMUSEMENTS—THEATER.

After the adoption of the Constitution of the United States,
and the political affairs of the country had become settled on
firm and stable foundations, which were productive of general
prosperity, our people began to look around them to increase —
the facilities of trade and to make improvements in their local
condition. As early as 1791 a committee was chosen by several
towns in this county to ascertain the practicability of opening
a canal from Sebago pond to the lower part of Presumpscot
river. A report was made in September of that year very
favorable to the design, in which it is said that lumber, produce,
etc., might be brought, if the canal should be opened, a dis-
tance of sixty or seventy miles to the falls at Saccarappa. The
plan was prosecuted with considerable zeal by Woodbury Storer
and some others, who, in 1795, obtained an act of incorporation
under the name of the Cumberland Canal, to open a canal
from the Schago to the Presumpscot river at Saccarappa.
Another company was incorporated at the same time, by the
name of the Proprietors of the Falmouth Canal for the purpose
of uniting the waters of the Presumpscot river above Sacca-
rappa with those of Fore river.!

1 The leading persons in these projects were Woodbury Storer, Joseph Noyes,
Nathaniel Deering, and Joseph Jewett.
CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD CANAL. 725

But the limited capital of our people was not equal to their
enterprising spirit, and subscriptions to the stock could not be
obtained within the ten years fixed by the charter for the com-
pletion of the undertaking. As the time of its expiration drew
near, an extension of five years was obtained, which also passed
away without witnessing even a commencement of the work.
The undertaking was evidently more expensive than was con-
templated by its projectors and much beyond the means and
resources of the country at that period. We may judge of the
under estimate of the proprictors by the fact that the amount
of property they were allowed by the first charter to hold was
only twenty thousand dollars, which in 1804 was enlarged to
one hundred and twenty thousand. Mr. Storer, whose heart
was bent on carrying this improvement into execution, though
frustrated in his first attempts, did not permit the subject to
pass from his mind. During the period of commercial restric-
tions and war, all projects of improvement were of course
suspended ; but immediately after the separation of the State,
when new life was sent into all the channels of industry and
enterprise, the project was again revived, and in 1821 a char-
ter was procured to construct a canal from Waterford, in the
county of Oxford, to the navigable waters of Fore river, under
the name of the Cumberland and Oxford Canal. To aid the
projectors in this more extensive scheme, a lottery was granted
to them in 1823, by which they were authorized to raise the
sum of fifty thousand dollars to enable them to accomplish the
laudable undertaking.’ In 1825, as a further measure to pro-
mote the design, the enterprising projectors procured the Canal
Bank to be incorporated with a capital of three hundred thou-
sand dollars, of which it was one of the conditions that a quar-
ter part of its capital should be invested in the stock of the
Cumberland and Oxford Canal.?

1 From the drawings of the lottery and the sale of the grant, they raised twen-
ty-seven thousand dollars.

2 As a consideration for this condition, the Bank was exempted from the pay-
ment of the usual tax to the State.
726 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Under these advantages and by the aid of individual sub-
scriptions the work was commenced in 1828. In 1823 the
engineer had estimated the whole expense ‘of the work from
Sebago pond to Fore river at Stroudwater at one hundred and
thirty-seven thousand three hundred and forty-three dollars; it
was eventually extended to the harbor in this town and com-
pleted in 1830 at an expense of two hundred and six thousand
dollars, and is now in successful operation.!

To complete the work the Canal Bank advanced a large sum
of money in addition to its stock subscription, for which a
mortgage was given. This debt not being paid, the property
was forfeited to the bank with its franchise, and in 1857 was
sold to Francis O. J. Smith, Thomas S. Abbott, and others for
forty thousand dollars and is now operated by them.

Among other improvements contemplated by our inhabi-
tants at the same time, was opening new avenues to the town.
The Neck was nearly surrounded by water, and the only en-
trances to it were by the two roads over Bramhall’s hill, one
leading from Stroudwater and the west, the other from the
east by Back Cove. In 1791 the inhabitants held a meeting
on the subject of making an avenue at the easterly end of the
town to cross Back Cove between Seacomb’s and Sandy Points,
A committee was appointed to apply to the court of sessions to
have a road laid out in that direction, and another to petition
the General Court to assist the town by lottery or otherwise

'Mr. Storer, its early projector and faithful friend, did not live to witness the
success of the undertaking ; he died in 1825, aged sixty-live. Mr. Storer was
son of John Storer and came here very young from Wells before the revolution;
in 1780 he married a daughter of Deacon Benjamin Titcomb for his first wife,
and for his second, a daughter of James Boyd of Boston. He was for many
years a respectable merchant and an active and influential citizen; he repre-
sented the town repeatedly in the house of representatives, and the county in
the senate of Massachusetts, and brought up a large and interesting family of
children, who revere his memory. His sons were the late Woodbury Storer,
Rev. John P. B. of Syracuse, Robert B. and Dr. David Humphrey of Boston,
and Judge Bellamy of Cincinnati. The three last and ‘one daughter, survive.
BRIDGES. 727

in building a dam across the cove and erecting grist-mills
upon it.!

The application for aid from government being unsuccessful,
certain spirited individuals owning property in the easterly
part of the town, and a few at Back Cove, united in 1793 and
obtained an act of incorporation to build a bridge across the
cove at their own expense. The charter was procured in Feb-
ruary, 1794, under the name of the proprietors of Back Cove
Bridge, and in September, 1796, they had pushed on their un-
dertaking with so much expedition that the bridge was passa-
ble for teams.

At the west end of the town the owners of property assisted
by persons in Cape Elizabeth were not less enterprising: at
the same session of the legislature, they procured an act of
incorporation to erect a bridge across Fore river from Bram-
hall’s Point, to be called the Portland Bridge. The work
however was not completed until 1800, when its corporate name
was changed to Vaughan’s Bridge, in honor of the principal
instigator of the undertaking and its chief proprietor. Its
length is twenty-six hundred feet. These two bridges were
supported by tolls until they have been recently made free, and
are the most frequented avenues into town for the eastern and
western travel; they were built originally of cobb work in the
manner of a wharf and filled in with earth, but have since un-
dergone several thorough repairs and alterations.

Two other bridges were afterward erected, one in 1806,
across the western extremity of Back Cove called Deering’s
Bridge, built by the inhabitants of Portland and Falmouth
and made free; the other the Portland Bridge, constructed on
piles across Fore river at an expense of about seven thousand
dollars, under an act of incorporation granted in February,

1 Lotteries were then popular, and an easy mode of granting favors by govern-
ment which was often adopted; our people in 1803 applied, but without success,
for one to enable them to pave the streets of the town.
728 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1823, which is also free. There are six avenues on the land
side into town all of which are over bridges, except the old
road from Stroudwater ; all the bridges were at first supported
by tolls, but now they are free.

In 1835 a period of extraordinary prosperity through the
whole country, caused by the inflation of currency, and suc-
cessful speculations stimulated by it, in which Portland was a
large participant, a plan was proposed to the city government —
by certain enterprising and successful persons to construct spa-
cious and ornamental highways around the hills at the extrem-
ities of the town. The proposal was received with general
approbation, and the work entered upon with spirit under the
administration of Levi Cutter as Mayor. These avenues were
laid out, and grading commenced in 1836; the one on Mun-
joy’s hill began at the eastern end of Fore street and extended
around the hill a little easterly of the crest, six thousand -
sixty-four feet to Washington street, and is at first five rods
wide, widening to nine rods, and called the *‘Eastern Prome-
nade.” The other is on the brow of Bramhall’s hill, a broad
way from Arsenal street to Danforth street, three thousand
seven hundred feet in length. They are both ornamented with
trees, and afford varied and beautiful prospects, embracing the
ocean, Casco Bay, and its islands, the White Mountains, and the
range of elevated land from those lofty summits to Agamenti- .
cus hills by the ocean in York; while beneath the eye are
charming landscapes of hill and plain and river, all forming
a rare combination of scenery rarely to be found in any coun-
try.

In looking down from Munjoy’s hill upon the central parts -
of the city, a stranger is surprised by the embowered aspect
which is presented to his view—a city in the woods. The tall
and numerous trees overshadow the buildings, which seem to
be nestling in the midst of a forest, through which the lofty .
spires, the dome of the new City Hall, and some other lofty
edifices penetrate and give bold relief to the scene. A gentle-
SHADE TREES—PORTLAND COMPANY. 729

man curious in such matters, Capt. George H. Preble, in 1854,
undertook to count the trees in the streets, and I give the re-
sult in his own language. “Our city contains about one hundred
and thirty-four streets and lanes, and in our perambulations
we have visited them all. Of this number seventy-two are
adorned by shade trees, while sixty-two are without them.
These latter however are mostly lanes and courts. All of our

principal streets have more or less trees upon them. Some of
them, as State, Danforth, and Cumberland, are beautifully em-
bowered by them. The whole number in our streets is thirty-
three hundred, distributed thus: Congress, three hundred and
one ; State, two hundred and forty-four ; Danforth, two hund-
red and forty-four; Spring, two hundred and eight ; Cumber-
land, one hundred and seventy-seven ; Free, one hundred: Fed-
eral, ninety-four; High, ninety-two, and others in less number.
In the ten years since that day, they have largely increased, for
the fashion is so fixed, that no person builds a house on a re-
spectable street but his first object is to plant trees about it.
The principal varieties are elm, horse-chestnut, and maple.
The grove of oaks on the Deering estate, between Portland
street and Wier Creek, is a special beauty. Through the whole
period of our history, Portland properly has been called the
‘Forest City,’ as New Haven is the ‘ City of Elms.’ ”

Portland Company. I now pass in my descriptions from the
beautiful to the useful, and shall speak briefly of the principal
industrial institutions in our city. Among the earliest of the
large corporations established in town, was the “Portland Com-
pany” for the manufacture of steam engines, and all the equip-
ments of a railroad, and of other works in wood and iron. The
company was organized in 1846, under an act of incorporation
authorizing a capital of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
The site now occupied by the company’s works was immediately
purchased, and one hundred thousand dollars, considered a
sufficient capital to commence operations, was immediately

47
730 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

subscribed by over three hundred and fifty share-holders. Great
success attended the movements of the corporation in its early
stage; within the first three years, it turned out ten loco-
motives, nine passenger cars, thirty platform, and forty box
freight cars, and other work amounting to near three hundred
thousand dollars, the first being in October, 1847 ; the qual-
ity of their manufactures was so good, that they acquired
a wide and honorable reputation which brought orders from for-
eign countries and distant parts of ourown. Their capital was
increased, and their works and machinery greatly enlarged. On
the breaking out of the rebellion, they received orders from
government for casting large cannon and other heavy work,
for steam machinery, and all the appliances for railroads and
steamboats. This caused a great extension in their expenses,

and by the rapid advance in the price of materials and labor,

the heavy contracts which they had entered into at low rates,

caused serious loss and embarrassment to the company. In
1864 they were consequently induced to propose to their
stockholders to sell out their whole property at fifty per cent

of the par value of the stock, the present holders to have the

privilege of selling at that rate or preserving the number of
their shares by paying an additional fifty per cent; and a fur-
ther sum of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to be raised.
by subscription to the stock at the rate of fifty per cent. The
proposal met with favor, and capitalists immediately came for-
ward and took up the additional stock ; J. B. Brown subscribing
forty thousand dollars, Messrs. Spring, Libby, Cram, and oth-
ers, large sums, much exceeding the amount necessary for
the purpose; so that the company is now in strong credit, in
flourishing circumstances, and with every prospect of a success-
ful course of business. At the time the new arrangement was
made, the capital paid in was two hundred and thirty-five
thousand seven hundred dollars. Valuation of their taxable
property two hundred and twenty-two thousand eight hundred
PORTLAND SUGAR-HOUSE. 731

dollars ; debts payable three hundred and thirty-six thousand
dollars.

Portland Sugar-House. This very extensive establishment
was commenced in 1845 by Greeley and Guild of Boston, and
John B. Brown of Portland. Mr. Greeley was son of the late
Philip Greeley of this city and was a very intelligent and en-
terprising merchant; the firm were doing a large West India
business, and importing large quantities of molasses; they con-
ceived the idea of bringing sugar out of them, and set up the
sugar-house in Portland as an experiment in that direction.
For a long time the efforts of the proprietors were unsuccessful,
by not being able, by any known process, to produce the requi-
site granulation from the raw material. In the mean time
Greeley and Guild failed in business, and the whole burden
and responsibility of the expensive works fell upon Mr. Brown.
By perseverance and constant experimenting, he at length suc-
ceeded by a fortunate discovery through his agent, Mr. Furbush,
in finding a process by which sugar of a fair quality could be
obtained by steam power from the molasses; and from that
time the work has been most successfully going on, enriching
all who are engaged in it. In 1855 a charter was granted to
John B. Brown, Dependence H. Furbush, and Philip H. Brown,
and their associates and assigns, by the name of the “Portland
Sugar Company,” with a capital not exceeding five hundred
thousand dollars, to carry on the work. The capital is owned
principally by the Messrs Brown, there being but three or four
other stockholders to a small amount. It now has a capital of
four hundred thousand dollars, invested in very extensive
works, warehouses, wharf, etc., and costly machinery, and for
several years past has been conducted with extraordinary profit,
employing about two hundred persons, turning out about two
hundred and fifty barrels of sugar a day and consuming about
thirty thousand hogsheads of molasses a year. The sale of the
sugars and syrups are commensurate with the utmost capacity
of the works to produce, and are sent to all parts of the western
732 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and middle States. The works are moved by two steam en-
gines, one of forty-five, the other of thirty horse-power, requir-
ing a consumption of ten tons of anthracite coal a day.
Portland Steam Packet Company. About the same time the
Steam Packet Company was formed by a few gentlemen, who
thought it desirable to establish a more prompt and regular water
communication with Boston by steam. The old method, ever
since the first settlement of the town, was by coasters, sloops, and
schooners, which transported wood, lumber, agricultural pro-
ductions, and merchandise. Their passages dependent upon
the wind were uncertain, often long and hazardous. To rem-
edy these inconveniences, a company was formed in 1848 for
the purpose of putting propeller steamboats on the route. In
1844 they procured an act of incorporation with a capital of
one hundred thousand dollars, and in May of that year they
put the “Commodore Preble,”’ their first boat, on the route; she
was of two hundred and eighty-six tons and propelled by an
engine of fifty horse-power, and cost twenty-two thousand five
hundred dollars. This was soon followed by the ‘‘General War-
ren” of the same power, and three hundred and nine tons.
Their progress at first was slow: they had the opposition of
the railroad and of the sailing packets, but by skillful manage-
ment and great perseverance, by their regularity and prompt-
ness, and moderate rates of transportation, they made rapid
progress in business and public favor. This induced them to
give increased facilities of communication by adding side-
wheel and larger steamers to their line. In 1848 their boats
transported twenty-five thousand passengers, and received for
freight independent of passage money, forty thousand five
hundred and ninety-six dollars. Their business has been con-
stantly increasing, their boats running each way every night in
summer, and three nights a week in winter; their profits have
been large. In a report made in November, 1863, it is stated,
that in the twenty years of the company’s operations, their
boats have made eleven thousand two hundred trips, carried
INTERNATIONAL AND NEW ENGLAND STEAMSHIP COMPANIES. 733

one million four hundred thousand passengers, and two million
five hundred thousand tons freight without the loss of a single
life. Such is the product of skill, care, and faithful and honora-
ble management. We need not add that the company has not
only paid regular and large dividends, but more than refunded
the original capital paid in.

The International Steamship Company. was incorporated in
1860, with a range of capital from one hundred thousand to a
million dollars, and the privilege of steam navigation to
Europe and any ports in America. The special object how-
ever, was to extend the existing accommodations of traffic
between Boston, Portland, and the Provinces of New Bruns-
wick and Nova Scotia, which had before been opened. They
purchased the two boats, Admiral and Eastern City, which had
been on the line, and afterward built the two superior vessels
“New Brunswick” in 1860, and “New England” in 1861, side
wheel steamers, which had excellent accommodation for pas-
sengers, ample room for freight, and the qualities of strength
and speed. The company is under the management of some
of the principal owners of the Steam packet or Boston line.
T. C. Hersey is president, H. J. Libby, treasurer, and John B.
Coyle, general agent. 8S. E. Spring, William Kimball, Capt.
Coyle of Portland, and A. McSeeley of St. John, are directors.

New England Screw Steamship Company, was incorporated
the same year of the above, with the same limit of capital and
identical powers and privilege to ports in Europe or America.
The corporators were chiefly the persons who had been success-
fully conducting the steamship line between Portland and New
York, and which had been found extremely beneficial to the
proprietors and the city; they were St. John Smith, John B.
Brown, Philip H. Brown, James O. Brown, Mark P. Emery,
Henry Fox, Henry B. Cromwell, and John Baird. John B.
Coyle, who is identified as the successful manager of our steam-
boat enterprises, is president of the company, and Henry Fox,
734 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

treasurer. They now propose to add to the two staunch and
profitable propellers which ply regularly twice a week each way
between Portland and New York, a large side-wheel steamer,
which will contain accommodations for one hundred pas-
sengers. This will furnish to numerous travelers, a more
cheap and convenient mode of transportation to the south than
our people have yet enjoyed, and will no doubt increase the
profit of the proprietors.

In connection with the subject of steam navigation and other
marine wants, our merchants procured an act of incorporation
in 1864 for a Dry Dock, for the purpose of repairing vessels of
a larger burden than existing means have been able to furnish
here. The capital allowed is two hundred thousand dollars,
and an able company consisting of the principal merchants and
others in and out of the city, has been organized, and pur-
chased a site for a marine railway on the Cape Elizabeth shore,
just east of the Portland bridge, and are making preparations
for the constructions of their work. The corporate name is
the “Portland Dry Dock Company.”

Board of Trade. An active and useful agent in bringing
forward many of the improvements we have noticed and others,
has been the Board of Trade. This was formed in 1853; they
procured an act of incorporation in 1854, for the purpose
among other things, as stated in the able report of Mr. Rich,
their secretary, in 1864, “to give tone and energy to the vari-
ous branches of trade and industry, and in securing the advan-
tages which the position of the city offers to commerce and
manufactures, * * to encourage and promote in every possible
way its commercial and industrial progress, and to provide for
speedy and ample transportation of merchandise, by steam and
otherwise.” To the accomplishment of these honorable and
useful objects the association turned its attention, with rather
flagging interest, for several years. They however in that
period suggested several improvements, and aided them by
BOARD OF TRADE—OCEAN STEAMERS. 735

their united action, such as the harbor light on the Breakwater,
the survey of the harbor by the}coast survey of the United
States, the fortifications of the harbor and other improvements
within it, and the various projects of ocean steam communica-
tion. But a new impulse was given to the association in the
beginning of 1863 ; a new organization took place; and at the
annual meeting in February of 1863, measures were taken to
establish a Merchants’ Exchange; this suggestion was received
with favor and was promptly carried into effect. They say in
their report, “On the 31st day of March, the Exchange was
opened under the most gratifying and satisfactory circum-
stances, a sufficient number of names being entered upon the
subscription list the first day to guarantee the most perfect
success of the enterprise.” The rooms are spacious and con-
venient, and are furnished with newspapers from the principal
cities, constant telegraphic communications, and all the appli-
ances for commercial operations and intelligence. On the
first of January, 1864, the number of subscribers was three
hundred and fifty-five, and the treasurer’s account showed the
amount received into the treasury for the year to be, two thou-
sand four hundred and sixty-nine dollars, and the expenditures
one thousand five hundred and fifty dollars. The institution
is a decided success and affords great benefit and satisfaction to
its members, our citizens, and strangers. The president for the
first nine years was J. B. Brown. In 1863, T.C. Hersey was
chosen president, and again in 1864, and is assisted in the man-
agement by able boards of directors and committees ; and espe-
cially by M. N. Rich, the indefatigable and intelligent secretary.

The commercial character of Portland was enlarged and her
advantages as a first class seaport greatly extended by the adop-
tion of it as a winter harbor by the Canadian line of British
sea-going steamers. The company owning this line, residing
principally in Montreal, run their first class iron vessels of large
tonnage, regularly between Portland and Liverpool, weekly, for
about five months from November to April. The line embraces
736 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

eight first class steamers with ample accommodations, which
perform their trips with great regularity and speed. Beside this
line there are two other auxiliary lines that visit our ports in
winter, the Glasgow and Anchor lines. All these transport
great quantities of merchandise both ways and have invited
toour port an extensive transit trade, attracting the products
of the rich regions of the west, Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan,
by the way of the Grand Trunk Railway, and returning to
them the productions of the old world and of those of our own
coast, enriching the producers, the proprietors of the steamers,
and the intermediate agents, and at the same time diffusing by
the interchange of commodities, the comforts and luxuries of
various climes.

Auxiliary to these commercial transactions are the Insurance
companies and Insurance agencies established here. The
Ocean Insurance Company was incorporated in 1832, and has
been in successful operation ever since, now working with a well
invested capital of two hundred thousand dollars. It has been
very remunerative to the stockholders in the return of large
dividends. Wm. W. Woodbury is president, and George A.
Wright, secretary.

Other insurance companies are established in Portland,
which are confined to fire risks, or combine fire and marine.
Those which are exclusively engaged in insurance against. fire,
are the “Portland Mutual Fire Insurance Company,” which was
incorporated in 1828, and has since that period pursued a steady.
and successful course. So that it is now enabled to issue to the:
old members of the company free policies. By their report in
1864, they had insured property valued at more than twenty-
seven millions of dollars, had paid losses to the amount of
thirty-four thousand three hundred and four dollars, and ac-
cumulated a fund of seventy-five thousand three hundred and
seventy dollars, well invested. No company has been more
prosperous or better managed. Charles Holden is president,
and Edward Shaw, clerk and treasurer.
OBSERVATORY—MANUFACTURING COMPANIES. 737

The Dirigo Insurance Company was incorporated in 1856, with
a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, with liberty to in-
crease to five hundred thousand. The company was not or-
ganized until 1864, when it commenced insuring against loss
by fire only, with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars
well invested in mortgages and public securities. They are
doing an extensive business. A. K. Shurtleft is president, and
Jeremiah Dow, secretary.

There are numerous agencies in Portland of mutual and
stock fire companies from various States, and the custom of
insuring property having become very general, the business
has been found profitable.

For the convenience of our merchants and to gratify the
curiosity of visitors, the Observatory was erected in 1807 by a
public subscription, on Munjoy’s hill, near the summit. It is
eighty feet high from the base, and the top is elevated two
hundred and twenty-five feet above high water. In the lan-
tern is placed a large telescope which sweeping the horizon
on every side, commands extensive and beautiful views over
the whole extent of Casco Bay, Seguin at the mouth of Ken-
nebec river, the wide expanse of the Atlantic for forty miles,
landward from the shore at York on the high lands on the bor-
der of New Hampshire, far away to the north-east of the White
Mountains. Few scenes can compare with what is here en-
Joyed.

One of the chief objects of the Board of Trade for a year or
two past, as stated in their report, has been to promote the
“extension of our manufacturing advantages,” under which
“several large manufactories” have sprung up in our city with-
year, in the adding to the population eight hundred families.

Among the establishments referred to are the “Portland Shovel
Manufacturing Company,” incorporated in 1863, with a capital
of fifty thousand dollars, since increased to one hundred thou-
sand; and the “Portland Glass Company,” incorporated in 1864,
738 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

with the same capital and privilege of extension. These two
corporations have erected large and commodious brick work-
shops on Canal street and are in full and successful operation,
employing many men and using a large quantity of materials.
The capacity of the shovel company’s works is sufficient to turn
out daily, two hundred dozen of shovels of the most improved
patterns, for which there are constant and pressing orders for
California and Australia, as well as nearer home.

The Casco Iron Company was incorporated in 1854, with a
capital of two hundred thousand dollars, and established their
workshop on the Presumpscot river in Falmouth for the ad-
vantage of more room that they could have at a moderate
expense in the city. They have manufactured a large amount
of heavy work and are well equipped for large contracts.

The Kerosene Company was incorporated in 1859 and estab-
lished themselves on the Cape Elizabeth shore adjoining Vaugh-
an’s bridge. They have very extensive buildings, with boarding
houses for their workmen, and loaded vessels discharge their
cargoes directly on to their premises. The oil is manufactured
from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick coal, in large quantities,
and of good quality, and finds a ready market. St. John
Smith is president of the company.

Mr. A. T. Galt of Canada in 1863, procured an act to incor-
porate the ‘Portland Grain Warehouse Company” to furnish in-
creased facilities for the storing and transit of grain, of which
large quantities were brought from Canada; the spacious eleva-
tor on his wharf in the rear of his beautiful block of granite
stores fronting on Commercial street, was erected in pursuance
of his plan. The charter authorizes a capital of three hundred
thousand dollars. The wharf is permanently constructed, a
large portion being filled solid between thick stone walls. The
elevator is erected upon it, of large capacity, and furnished with
a steam engine which performs the various operations of dis-
charging and loading vessels in a very rapid manner. Vessels
STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES. 739

of a large class can lie at the wharf without grounding, and re-
ceive and discharge their cargoes with little delay. The ele-
vator is a lofty building attracting attention from all quarters.
The enterprise is worthy of the public spirit of the present
Canadian Minister of Finance. |

The number of stationary engines in town in 1849 was twen-
ty-three, varying from one to forty horse-power. By the census
of 1860 their number was thirty-one, since which others have
been added in the shovel manufactory, Galt’s elevator, etc.,
and they are also applied to pile drivers. This great power,
capable of the highest and minutest work, from the moving
of the largest man-of-war to the hoisting of her sails, has
given facility to the operations of commerce, and innumerable
processes of manufacture, which have immensely increased
production, reduced prices, and enlarged the comforts and en-
joyments of life. The power is regulated with unerring accu-
racy and the nicest delicacy, while at the same time it is
directed with a steadiness and force that make sure of their
object. It saws lumber, manufactures cabinet furniture, han-
dles iron and other metals like the softest wood, drives the
printing press, grinds the tanner’s bark, supplies the baker’s
oven, moves the largest ships and machinery, and saves human
bone and muscle frém over taxation to meet the demands of
an insatiable commerce. It is this power which has produced
the most wonderful developments in the material world and
elevated the present age far above all that have preceded it,
in mechanical achievement.

The GasCompany. Another improvement introduced to our
city, which has been productive of a handsome profit to the pro-
prietors, and administered greatly to the comfort of our citizens,
was the establishment of the Gas Light Company. This was
incorporated in 1849, and so humble were the expectations
of the corporators that their capital was limited from thirty
thousand to one hundred thousand dollars. But so great
740 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

has been the success of the company that it was found neces-
sary to increase the capital to three hundred thousand dol-
lars. The works were erected at Clark’s Point on the shore
of the river, accessible to vessels, which discharge their cargoes
upon the company’s wharf. The amount invested in real es-
tate, fixtures, and machinery, is one hundred and ninety-eight
thousand nine hundred and ninety-six dollars, and their prop-
erty is valued at three hundred and twenty thousand six hund-
red dollars. The city owns eighty-five thousand dollars of the
capital stock. The price of gas was at first fixed at three dol-
lars and fifty cents a cubic foot; it was subsequently reduced
to three dollars, but now, in consequence of the increased price
of coal and labor it is raised to four dollars, with a discount of
five percent for prompt payment. The whole amount of re-
ceipts for the sales of gas the year ending in March, 1864, was
sixty-eight thousand six hundred and fifteen dollars and seventy
cents; consumption of gas twenty-one million one hundred and
nine thousand three hundred and thirty-nine feet; and the
number of consumers one thousand eight hundred and fifty-
nine. The streets are lighted by two hundred and ninety-seven
lamps, the city paying the same price with individuals.

Horse Railroads. Among the many conveniences and com-
forts which modern times have introduced and which have
followed the extension of cities, is the horse railroad. Port-
land has adopted this fashion, and after having had a charter
three years the work was seriously entered upon in 1868. The
charter granted in 1860 under the corporate name of the
“Portland and Forest Avenue Railroad Company,”’ with a capital
of one hundred thousand dollars, authorized the construction
ofa road upon the streets in Portland and to some points in the
town of Westbrook, first obtaining the assent of those towns.
The first track laid was from the Grand Trunk Depot to the
upper part of Spring street, through Middle, Congress, and
High, and the cars commenced running on that route in Octo-
ber, 1863, and had an unexpected success, having carried in
LITERATURE—THE ACADEMY. 741

the first eighteen days over twenty thousand passengers. The
road has been extended to Evergreen Cemetery, two and a half
miles, by the way of Preble and Portland streets and Deering’s
bridge; and up Congress to Vaughan street, and down
that street to the top of Munjoy’s hill. The success of this
experiment has been so marked and decided, that it is pro-
posed to increase the capital stock to three hundred thousand
dollars and run the cars in other streets and to other points.
The officers of the company are Dr. Eliphalet Clark, president,
and M. G. Palmer, secretary and treasurer; by their energy
and judgment the enterprise has been essentially promoted ;
their exertions in its cause have been unwearied and skillful.

In the general spirit of improvement which was prevailing,
the cause of literature was not overlooked. As the means of
the people advanced, it became an important consideration
with them to raise the standard of education in town, which
had always been much depressed. With this view, some of
our influential men, among whom the late Judge Freeman was
particularly active, took measures for the purpose of establish-
ing a higher school than had before existed here. In February,
1794, they procured an act to incorporate an academy, which
was placed under the visitorial care of fifteen trustees, and
measures were actively taken to raise a fund for its support.’
The trustees were not to exceed fifteen, nor be less than eight.
In 1797 the General Court granted to the trustees a half town-
ship of land, provided a fund of three thousand dollars should
be formed. This amount after considerable effort, in which
Judge Freeman made unwearied exertions, was at length raised,
and the half township was laid out.?

1This was the fourth academy incorporated in Maine; those preceding it were
Hallowell and Berwick in 1791, and Fryeburg in 1792,

2This half township was located on the eastern boundary line of the State,
about twenty miles north of the monument. 1t was sold by the trustees to Jo-
seph E. Foxcroft of New Gloucester for four thousand dollars, and by him to
Samuel Parkman of Boston,
742 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The academy was first opened under the instruction of Ed-
ward Payson in 1803, in the two story wooden building oppo-
site the meeting-house of the third parish in Congress street.
This was occupied until 1808, when the new brick academy in
the same street was finished and improved.'! This school was
well conducted and supplied a deficiency in the means of ob-
taining an education, which had long been seriously felt, until
about 1850, when the public schools of the city, especially the
high and grammar schools, had become so well conducted and
taught, that pupils were withdrawn from the academy, and
placed in them, or sent to institutions abroad as Exeter or An-
dover, and the academy was closed. The fund is now accu-
mulating, and it is contemplated when it shall have reached a
sufficient amount, to establish a seminary, which will be an hon-
or to the town, and give such courses of instruction as will meet
the advanced demands of the age. The successors of Dr. Payson
were Ebenezer Adams, a graduate of Dartmouth in 1791, and
who after two years, was transferred to Exeter Academy, and
thence to the professorship of languages in Dartmouth College.
His successors were Rev. William Gregg, Nathaniel H. Carter,
Nathaniel Wright, and Bezeleel Cushman, all graduates of
Dartmouth College, the last three in 1811. Mr. Cushman was
the faithful preceptor twenty-six years. From a list of the
forty-four pupils of Mr. Payson’s in 1805, now in my posses-
sion, fourteen survive after a lapse of fifty-nine years. Of these
eight now reside in Portland, of which the author of this work
is one. Others residing abroad are Judge Bellamy Storer and
Charles Vaughan in Ohio, Rev. John A. Douglass in Water-
ford, Robert B. Storer and Edward Parker in Boston, and Wm.
Gibbs in Conway. But three town-born young men, previous
to 1800 had graduated at any college; these were the sons of
the Rev. Mr. Smith and George Bradbury. To obtain an edu-
cation was then a much more expensive and difficult undertaking

‘ This building cost seven thousand three hundred dollars.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 743

than it now is, and but few persons of that day in comparison
with the present were liberally educated.'

The immense improvements which have been made in the
means of common education in this country within a few years,
have not been lost sight of here; the number and character of
the schools have been brought up to the spirit of the age. From
the solitary little school on the Neck, which at the close of the
revolutionary war sent out its half taught urchins, the num-
ber has increased to twenty-four free public schools, beside as
many more of a private character. In 1831 there were fourteen
free schools containing one thousand five hundred and forty-
five scholars, two of which are on the islands in the harbor.
In 1864 there were three high schools, of which one was for
boys, containing one hundred and thirty-five, and two for girls
containing two hundred and forty-eight ; five grammar schools
for boys, having eight hundred and thirty-four pupils, and

1 The following are the native inhabitants who have received a liberal educa-
tion in the order of time, viz., John Smith, H.C. 1745; Peter T. Smith, H. C.
1753; George Bradbury, H. C., 1789; S. D. Freeman, H. C., 1800; William
Freeman, H. C., 1804; Isaac Foster Coffin, Bowdoin College, 1806; Charles 8,
Daveis, B. C.. 1807 ; John Mussey, B. C., 1809; Nathaniel Deering, H. C., 1810;
John P. Boyd, John P. B. Storer, Charles Freeman, and George Freeman, at B.
C., 1812; John A. Douglass, B. C., 1814; George Jewett, H. C., 1816; George
Chase, H. C., 1818; Edward T. Ingraham, B. C., 1819; William Boyd, James
F. Deering, Frederick A. Cobb, H. C., 1820 ; David H. Storer, B. C., 1822; Wm,
Cutter, B. C., 1824; John D. Kinsman, Stephen Longfellow, Henry W. Lonefel-
low, and Elward D, Preble, at B. C., 1825; William Paine, B. C., 1826; Wm-
H. Codman, William P. McLellan, and John Owen, B. C., 1827; Edward F.
Cutter, B. C., 1828; John Q. Day, B. C., 1829; Francis Barbour, B. C., 1830;
Edward H. Thomas, B.C., 1831. The following are the sons of emigrants edu-
cated after their settlement here, viz., John Wadsworth, and James C. Jewett
H. C., 1800; Richard Cobb, B. C., 1806; Edward H. Cobb, B.C., 1810; Will
iam Willis, H. C., 1813; Rufus K. Porter, B. C., 1813; Nathan Cummings and
John Widgery, B. C., 1817; Grenville Mellen, H. C., 1818; Winthrop G. Mars-
ton, B. C., 1821, Wm. P. Fessenden, B. C., 1824; Frederick Mellen and P. H.
Greenleaf, B. C., 1825; John Rand, B. C., 1831. Since that time, the number
of each description has so much increased that we cannot spare room for the
record, but must refer to the catalogues of Harvard, Bowdoin, and Dartmouth.
744 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

three for girls with five hundred and forty-four pupils. There
were also fourteen primary schools and two upon the islands,
three thousand six hundred and sixty-six pupils, making the
aggregate number five thousand four hundred and twenty-
seven scholars, under charge of eighty-six teachers. The sala-
ries of these teachers for the year ending in April, 1864, was
twenty-five thousand one hundred and ninety-five dollars, and
other expenses connected with the school, was ten thousand six
hundred and eight dollars. The school-houses furnish ample
accommodations for the large number of scholars, some of which
are of superior construction and beauty. The appropriation
for schools in 1786, the year the-town was divided, was thirty
pounds; in 1827 it was five thousand dollars; in 1830, six thou-
sand dollars; in 1863, thirty-five thousand eight hundred and
four dollars. There were in 1822 eleven school-houses in town,
four of which were of brick, and seven of wood. We may
safely affirm that in no town of its size, is a more liberal re-
gard bestowed upon free education, that vital element in our
republican system, than in this town. Some of our private
schools are of a superior order, and draw to their lectures and
instructions pupils from different parts of the State. We may
justly boast that the means of a high grade of moral and intel-
lectual cultivation are brought home to our own doors, that
we have wisely profited by the enlightened spirit which is going
abroad, and seized upon the numerous facilities and advantages
for obtaining and diffusing education.

In connection with this subject we may advert again to the
library, whose history we have in a former chapter traced to
the destruction of the town in 1775, an event which scattered
its volumes like the leaves of the sibyl and entirely suspended
its operations. An attempt was made in 1780 to collect the
fragments and revive the society, but it was not until 1784 that
any spirit was infused into its torpid frame. In May of that
year, twenty-six members were admitted, who were required
to pay two dollars each in money or books; several others
LIBRARIES, 745

were subsequently received on the same condition. But the
number of books did not keep pace with the increased number
of members, for in 1787 a committee chosen to appraise the
books belonging to the library previous to April 3, 1786, re-
ported that they were worth but twenty-five pounds. !

It could not be expected that the library would advance
much with the very limited appropriations which were made for
that purpose ; books were vastly dearer then than they are now,
and most works of value were to be procured only by importa-
tion; very few were reprinted in this country. In January,
1789, it was voted that each member pay six pence at every
meeting for defraying the necessary expenses of the society,
and if there were any surplus it should be applied to the pur-
chase of books. The meetings were held quarterly, and Sam-
uel Freeman, the librarian, was allowed six shillings for the
expense of each quarterly meeting.

In 1794 the books were appraised at sixty-four pounds three
shillings and eight pence, and the price of admission was raised
to forty-two shillings. This year the committee were instructed
to purchase Sullivan’s History of Maine, Hutchinson’s Massa-
chusetts, Belknap’s Biography, Ramsay’s American Revolution,
The Life of Dr. Franklin, the History of the County of Worces-
ter, and Ramsay’s Carolina. These instructions indicate a
design in the society to form a collection of American works.
Samuel Freeman, who had warmly promoted the objects of the
institution, and had hitherto discharged the duties of librarian
for the compensation above noticed, now declined the office,
and Daniel Epes was appointed with a salary of six dollars a
year. He held the place until 1799, when Edward Oxnard

1 These books were a broken set of Ancient and Modern Universal History
containing forty-one volumes, the second vol. of the Czar of Muscovy, volumes
Yand iii of Leland’s Deistical writers, the second vol. of Rapin’s History of
England, and the London Magazine.

48
746 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

was chosen and allowed ten dollars a year. In 1799 the society
was incorporated under a statute passed in 1798.'

1 We cannot omit this opportunity of paying a passing tribute to ‘the memory
of the late Judge Freeman, whose numerous and valuable services to our com-
munity entitle him to high commendation. He was born in this town June 15,
1742, and was the eldest son of Enoch Freeman, who was the son of Simuel,
and born in Eastham on-Cape Cod, in 1706. Enoch graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1729. The family originally settled in Watertown, Massachusetts, but
this branch moved to the Old Colony. Judge Freeman traded and kept school
previous to the revolution. He first came into notice as a public man in 1774,
when he warmly advocated the rights of the colonies. In 1775, having just at-
tained the age of thirty-three, he was chosen sole delegate to the provincial Con-
gress from Falmouth, and was re-elected in 1776 and 1778; he was appointed
secretary of Congress in 1775, the duties of which office he ably and satisfac-
torily discharged for three years. In 1775 he was appointed clerk of the courts
in this county, and held the office with the exception of one year in the admin-
istration of Mr. Gerry, until 1820, a period of forty-six years. The same year
he received the appointment of Register of Probate, which he held until he was
commissioned Judge of Probate in 1804, the duties of which office he faithfully
discharged until 1820. He was also postmaster from 1775 to 1804. The con-
fidence reposed in him by his fellow-citizens was no less conspicuous than that
of government: in 1788 he was elected one of the selectmen of the town, and
with the exception of one year was annually re-elected twenty-live years. In
1781 he was chosen deacon of the first parish, and held the office about forty-
five years. In 1802 he was appointed president of the Maine Bank in this
town, which he held for several successive years, and was also a number of years
president of the overseers of Bowdoin College.* These numerous and varied
offices he filled with singular industry, fidelity, and accuracy, and by a judicious
arrangement of his employments, still had time to spare for the charities of life.
His active and benevolent mind sought relief from the toils of official duty in
the humble walks of beneficence; and we find him originating and aiding by his
money, his example, and his personal efforts, all the institutions whose tendency
was to elevate the tone of society and to improve the manners and morals of
the people. Notwithstanding his numerous avocations, he turned to account
his peculiar talent as draftsman, and published the Town Officer, Clerk’s Mag-
azine, and Probate Directory, which in an age when there were few lawyers and
no books of practical forms in common use, had a very rapid and extensive cir-
culation, and passed through several editions. In the latter part of his life, when

* He held at one time the several offices of delegate to the General Court, its secretary, clerk of
the courts, postmaster, and register of Probate. At another period, he was at the same time judge
of Probate, clerk of the courts, postmaster, selectman, president of the Maine Bank, president of
the board of overseers of Bowdoin College, deacon of the firat church, and an active member 0
several societies. ,
LIBRARY. TAT

_At the commencement of a new century, the society par-
taking of the customs of that period, assumed more of a social
character, and part of the funds were diverted from the higher
objects of the institution to the temporary and bodily gratifi-
cation of the members. In 1800 we find it voted, “that a
supper be prepared at the next annual meeting and a cold col-
lation at the quarterly meetings, at the expense of the society.”
This no doubt promoted good fellowship among the members
and drew a prompt attendance upon their meetings, but it may
well be doubted whether the literary character of the institu-
tion did not suffer in proportion as its attention and funds
were turned from its legitimate objects to ministering to the
pleasures of the body. This was not a solitary instance, for in
1802 and 1804, ‘a hot supper” was ordered to be furnished at
the annual meeting in those years. This part of the history
of the society docs not promise much for the increase of the
library nor give a very high idea of the intellectual character
of the day; but it must be admitted that it was in conformity
to the custom of the country, which was one of corporation
dinners, club suppers, and physical action, rather than of intel-
lectual energy.

In 1801 the price of admission to the library was put at fif-

 

he had thrown off the cares of office, Mr Freeman found employment in digest-
ing the manuscript journal of the Rev. Mr. Smith, and collecting information
relative to the town and county. This he published in 1821, and thus preserved
from destruction any valuable materials for history. In reading the extracts
from Mr. Smith’s Journal, we cannot but deeply regret that the editor should
have been placed under an injunction to destroy what he did not use, and that
thus by far the larger portion of the journal is lost forever. Such are some of
the particulars in the useful and protracted life of this venerable man. In his
domestic and private character, he miy b> tracal by the sam? lines of kind-
hess, benevolence, and integrity which marked his public course. He was twice
married, his first wife, Miss Fowle of Watertown, Massachusetts, died in 1785, at
the early age of thirty; he married in 1786 the widow of Pearson Jones and
daughter of Enoch Isley, the excellent woman with whom he lived forty-four
years, and whom he survived about a year. He died in June, 1831, aged eighty-
nine, leaving children by both of his wives.
748 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

teen dollars, and continued so until 1811, when it was reduced
to eleven dollars. It advanced again to fifteen dollars in 1819,
and to twenty dollars in 1825, and a tax varying from two to
three dollars was annually levied. The library had revived in
1809, a committee was that year chosen to provide accommoda-
tions for persons who wished to visit the library to read; its
prospects continued to brighten, and it went on steadily increas-
ing until 1825, when it contained a good selection of books,
and more free from ephemeral and trashy reading, than many
larger libraries which have had a more rapid growth. The
number of proprietors at that time was eighty-two, and the
number of volumes one thousand six hundred and forty.’ The
library was kept in an office, inconvenient as a place of resort
for consulting the books, but yet corresponding with the in-
come and means of the society.

At this period a number of members conceived the design of
enlarging the institution, and bringing it up to the standard
of the age and the literary wants of the town. They proposed
to establish an atheneum on the basis of the old library, ex-
tending its means, advantages, and accommodations, and add-
ing to it commercial and literary reading-rooms. In pursuance
of this plan, an act was procured in March, 1826, to incorporate
the “Portland Atheneum.” Nearly all the proprietors of the
library became associates in the Atheneum, and their whole
property was purchased in August, 1826, for one thousand six
hundred and forty dollars, when the old society was dissolved.
The proprietors of the Atheneum also purchased the property
of another association which was established in 1819 under the
name of Atheneum and Reading-Room, without reference to
the formation of a library, which was also merged in the new
institution.

'In 1821 the library contained one thousand two hundred volumes; in 1825
one hundred and forty volumes were added to the library, and the whole ex-
pense for that year, including fifty dollars for the librarian, was three hundred
and thirty-one dollars.
ATHENEUM. 749

The plan of the Atheneum was favorably received by our
inhabitants; one hundred and thirty-three persons became
proprietors, at one hundred dollars a share, and the first year
of its operations there were, in addition to the proprietors,
ninety-four subscribers to the reading-rooms at five dollars a
year.' Under these auspicious circumstances, large commer-
cial and literary reading-rooms were opened on the first of
January, 1827, supplied with the principal commercial news-
papers of the country and periodical publications at home and
from abroad. The library also received a very valuable addi-
tion by the importation from England and France of rare and
standard works at an expense of about one thousand five hund-
red dollars. Additions have since been annually made to the
library, which, in proportion to its size, is one of the most val-
uable in the country, containing a large number of the best
works in literature and science, and the periodical literature of
the last half century ; the institution is an honor and an orna-
ment to the town, and well entitled to the encouragement and
support of its intelligent citizens. The number of bound vol-
umes it contained in October, 1864, was ten thousand six
hundred and forty-seven, beside pamphlets.

In 1861 the corporation erected a neat brick building adapted
to its uses, on a lot previously purchased in Plum street. The
building measures on the ground sixty-six feet by thirty-six ;
the principal or library room is forty feet long by thirty-four
feet wide, and twenty feet high. There are two ante-rooms on
the lower floor and two rooms above for the various uses of
the society. The whole cost of the building exclusive of the
land, was four thousand and eighty-one dollars. The property

! Only sixty dollars on a share of this subscription have been paid in, of which
two thousand four hundred dollars were invested in Canal Bank stock, and the re-
mainder has been appropriated for the purchase of books and other expenses.

The officers of the Atheneum first chosen were William P. Preble, president,
William Willis, secretary and treasurer, Levi Cutter, Ichabod Nichols, Albion K.
Parris, Henry Smith, and Ashur Ware, directors,
750 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of the institution consists of bank stock and railroad bonds,
and the lot of land on which the library building stands.

The Portland Society of Natural History, a valuable and
useful institution, was established in 1848, and incorporated in
1850. They had made rapid progress in the accumulation of
interesting objects of natural science, and had disseminated a
taste for the pursuit in our community, when in 1854, their
rich and valuable collection, which was handsomely arranged
in the Exchange building, was wholly destroyed by fire which
consumed that splendid structure on the 8th of January of
that year. It was some time before they recovered from that
disheartening blow. But by the persevering efforts of Dr.
Wood, Henry Willis, James T. McCobb, anda few other indi-
viduals, who took an active interest in the society, a new life
was inspired; individuals at home and abroad, made liberal con-
tributions of money, and specimens to their cabinet, and the
State granted them half a township of land. With these aids,
they were encouraged to go forward; they purchased the old
academy building, entirely remodeled it, without and within,
making not only most conveniently arranged apartments
adapted to the uses of such an association, but one of the
most tasteful buildings in the city. They commenced their
occupation of it in 1860, and have now a most interesting
and valuable collection of objects in natural history, not only
gratifying to the curiosity of the unscientific, but useful and
pleasing to those who are advanced in the study. Their cabi-
nets are scientifically arranged in various departments, liberally
opened to the public, and are numerously visited. The insti-
tution is an honor to the city. Dr. Wood is president, Henry
Willis, vice- president, Lewis Pierce, secretary, and Edward
Gould, treasurer.

The Young Men’s Mercantile Library Association was estab-
lished in 1851. Its object was, and is, the mutual instruction
and improvement of young merchants and merchants’ clerks.
CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION -—AUTHORS AND WRITERS. 751

They have a good library containing over three thousand
volumes, a reading-room and apartments convenient for the
assembling of the members, for reading and study, and the
other objects of the society. For several years past they have
furnished to our community interesting courses of lectures in
the winter season, from the most able and popular lecturers in
our country. These have been instructive, remarkably well
attended, and productive of profit to the association, in enlarg-
ing the library and sustaining the institution, which is in a
most flourishing condition.

The Young Men’s Christian Association was instituted in
1853. It is an association of young and middle-aged gentle-
men of high character, for the promotion of religion and good
morals among themselves and through the community. They
have a library and reading-room, annual addresses, and occa-
sional lectures. Since the war commenced they have labored
efficiently and successfully in administering to the sick and
wounded of our soldiers in field, camp, and hospital, as well
as to the destitute at home, and have made themselves bencfi-
cially felt throughout our community.

In this summary of literary institutions and educated men,
we ought not to omit a notice of authors and writers, who have
given celebrity to the place of their birth, or of their subse-
quent residence. And I cannot do better than borrow from a
letter which was written from Connecticut, September 3, 1854,
and published in a paper printed in Montgomery, Alabama.

After speaking of his tour in the State, describing its many
beauties, and particularly noticing the eligible situation, com-
mercial and statistical character, and the enterprise of the
people and beauty of the women of Portland, the intelligent
traveler thus speaks of its literary men. ‘Portland is noted
as the birth-place of many of our distinguished writers. The
following list furnished by a literary gentleman of that place
will be found interesting and valuable for reference. Authors
barn or for a time resident in Portland.”
HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

*Samuel Freeman,
Charles 8S. Davies,
John Neal,

N. P. Willis,

Henry W. Longfellow,
Nathaniel Deering,

Bishop Horatio Southgate,

William Cutter,
D. Humphreys Storer,

Natives.

James Brooks, (Editor N. Y. Exp.,)

Prof. Henry B. Smith,

* Louisa Payson, (now Hopkins)

George Payson,
Samuel Longfellow,
Mrs. Samuel Coleman,
Isaac McLellan,

*Rev. Samuel Deane,
*Thomas B. Wait,
*Edward Payson,
*Daniel George,
*Simon Greenleaf,
*Daniel Davis,
Ashur Ware,

William B. Sewall,
*Dr, J. W. Mighells,
*Asa Cummings,
William Willis, ©
Seba Smith; * |: -
Mrs. E. Oakes Smith,
Rey. Cyrus Bartol,

RESIDENTS.

Law, Miscellany.
Essayist, etc.
Poetry, Romance.
Poetry, Romance.
Poetry, Romance.
Drama, etc.
Travels, etc.
Poetry, etc.
Natural History.
Essayist, etc.
Theology, etc.
Miscellany.
Romance.
Poetry, Theology.
Fiction.

Poetry.

Agriculture.
Politics.
Theology.
Almanacs, etc.
Law, etc.

Law.

Law, Miscellany.
Scientific, as
Natural History.
Biography, etc.
History, etc.
Poetry. Miscellany.
Poetry, Romance.
Theology.

To this list made ten years ago we can add new names.

| Natives.

Mrs. Elizabeth (Payson) Prentiss,

Geo. T. Prentiss,

S. B. Beckett,

D. C. Colesworthy,

C. P. Isley,

* Wm. Law Symonds,
Rev. J. K. Ingraham,
Mrs. L. D. M. Sweat,

Those marked (‘*) are dead.

Fiction.

Theology, Biography.
Poetry.

History, etc.
Poetry, Romance.
General literature.
Theology, Romance.
Travels, Romance.
AUTHORS AND WRITERS—CHARITABLE SOCIETIES. 753

Resipents not Natives,

*Grenville Mellen, Poetry.
*Rev. J. Nichols, Theology.
Rev. W. T. Dwight, Theology.
*Henry A. 8S. Dearborn, History, ete.
Rev. J. W. Chickering, Theolozy.

*Rev. Jason Whitman,

Education, Theology.

Charles Holden, Miscellany.

*Nathaniel Carter, Miscellany, Poetry,
*Madame Wood, Fiction.

Walter 8. Wells, Miscellany, Education.
Edward P. Weston, Miscellany, Education.
Mrs, Paul Akers, Poetry, ete.

Those marked (*) are dead.

Portland may also claim a high reputation for its artists; in
sculpture, Akers and Simmons have striking excellencies ; in
painting, Codman, Tilton, Pratt, Brown, the two Coles, Fred-
erick Mellen, Coleman, Kimball, Beckett, and Hudson, have
produced works which are highly creditable, and some of them
exhibiting eminence in their profession.

There are numerous other institutions, particularly of a
charitable kind which adorn our town, and which have for
many years poured upon the sufferings and sorrows of the
poor, the relief and consolations of benevolence. A few of
them only can be briefly noticed here.

The Marine Society is the most ancient, established in 1793,
for the education and relief of seamen and their families.

The Benevolent Society was instituted in 1803, to encourage
and assist those meritorious persons who have been reduced
to poverty, but have not become objects of public support.
Both of these societies have funds.

The Female Charitable Society, incorporated in 1812 and
conducted by ladies, is one of the most efficient and useful
of the sisters of charity in our town; it visits with noiseless
step the cheerless house of want, and kindly smooths the
pillow of sickness and sorrow.

The Maine Charitable Mechanic Association is an institu-
754 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

tion of a high and praiseworthy character, embracing in its
design that more elevated order of benevolence which extends
its care to informing and cultivating the mind, and training
up a race of mechanics of sound moral principle and _ intel-
lectual power. The society was incorporated in 1815, and
has since established a fine library for apprentices of about

‘three thousand volumes, and has frequent lectures upon sub-
jects of the highest interest. In 1857 they commenced the
construction of their elegant hall on the corner of Casco and
Congress streets, the corner stone of which was laid October
22, with imposing ceremonies, in presence of the mayor and
city government, and an appropriate address was delivered
on the occasion by Charles Holden, who has long been a con-
spicuous member of the Association, providing it with many
an intellectual banquet. The front of the building, which was
finished in 1859, is of sculptured granite, the sides and end of
pressed brick, the interior is finished in excellent style with
halls, a library room, and other convenient apartments, suited
to the uses of the society, and is both honorable to them and
an ornament to the city. Its cost was forty-five thousand
dollars, including the lot on which it stands. Of the fifty-seven
founders of the society in 1815, ten are living in 1864, whose
names are Seth Clark, Charles Farley, Lemuel Gooding, Edward
Howe, Thomas Hammond, Joseph Noble, Henry S. Pearson,
Nathaniel Shaw, Jonathan Tuksbury, and Christopher Wright.
These now old men, the eldest, Christopher Wright, being
eighty-three, were then active mechanics in the prime and
vigor of life. The first officers were Deacon John Phillips,
president, Phinehas Varnum, vice-president, John |Leavitt,
treasurer, and Benjamin T. Chase, secretary.

The Portland Provident Association was established in 1853,
to relieve the destitute, to prevent vagrancy and street begging,
and promote the moral elevation of the poor. It is catholic in
its operations, and thorough and discriminating in its admin-
istration. It has male and female committees, and agents in
CHARITABLE SOCIETIES. 755

every ward of the city to look after the needy and make such
provision as their condition requires. It is doing a vast amount.
of good.

The Widow’s Wood Society is another of these general and
catholic institutions, which pervades with its speciality all parts
of the city. It furnishes to the poor widow a regular supply
of fuel during winter and distributes an untold degree of com-
fort through that unfortunate and destitute portion of our
community. Its administrators are taken from every religious
denomination in the city.

The Samaritan Association was founded in 1828, and dis-
penses its charitable donations of clothing, food, and money,
to the poor of all denominations, and has efficiently served the
cause of benevolence steadily by its annual contributions.

The Female Orphan Asylum. This excellent institution
was established in 1828, by the benevolent contributions of our
citizens. It owns its asylum, which is a two-story brick build-
ing on the corner of Oxford and Myrtle streets, and has a fund
of about fifteen thousand dollars. It supports about twenty-
five orphans, and desires and needs more spacious accommo-
dations to meet the increasing demands upon its benevolent
care. It is well conducted by a board of managers, consisting
of fifteen ladies, whose constant attention deserves unqualified
praise. The largest donation was a bequest of eight thousand
dollars from the late Asa Clapp, the income of which is applied
toward the support of the institution.

Kindred to the above judicious provision for orphans, is the
“Association for the relief of Aged Indigent Women,” which
was successfully commenced under an act of incorporation in
1855. It has been able by the subscription of liberal indi-
viduals to purchase a fine lot of land on the corner of Elm and
Oxford streets, with a brick house upon it, and by the interest
ef a fund of about two thousand dollars and annual contribu-
tions to keep up a respectable establishment, and give a com-
fortable support to eight aged women. It needs more room
756 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and more funds to meet pressing calls upon its charity by that
most worthy class of persons for whose relief it is designed.

The First Parish has a fund for the relief of the poor of the
parish founded by the gift of over eight hundred dollars by
Madam Deering, widow of Nathaniel Deering, which was
largely increased by subscriptions from other members of the
society. In 1818 a charter was granted to ‘“ Trustees of the
Charity Fund of the First Parish in Portland,’ who have ever
since managed the fund, making annual distribution of the
income, which amounts to four or five hundred dollars a year,
to such of the parish as need assistance. In 1847, Miss Martha
Hale bequeathed her property about six thousand dollars to
the parish, the income of which was to be applied by the trus-
tees of the charity fund to general objects of benevolence.
The fund, as since increased, has been carefully managed and
the income faithfully applied by the trustees to its sacred uses.

There are numerous other charitable and benevolent asso-
ciations in town to administer to the comfort and the wants of
the various classes of dependent persons. We have space only
to enumerate afew. Among them is the “‘Martha Washington
Society,” to relieve the families of inebriate persons, and is do-
ing a great deal of good. “Needle Woman’s Friend Society,” to.
furnish work for unemployed women. ‘Bethel Flag Society,”
to furnish relief to families of destitute seamen. The Masonic,
Odd Fellows, and Temperance Societies are numerous; all
aiming to aid the needy, comfort and alleviate the distress of
the suffering and disconsolate, and pour the balm of sympathy
into wounded hearts. These noble companies, organized and
administered in a spirit of christian philanthropy, shed upon
our community an aggregate of blessedness which can never
be known this side of heaven.

It may not be improper in this connection to say that no
town sustains a higher reputation than this, for readiness at
all times, and on all suitable occasions, to contribute to the
cause of humanity, whether it lie in giving succor to the poor
EPIDEMIC DISEASES. ToT

and distressed or in the higher walks of benevolence, elevating
the moral tone of society and lending its aid to promote its good
institutions. During the present unhappy and terrible civil
war, it has been forward in every good work, furnishing men
and money, contributing liberally for the comfort and relief of
the sick, wounded, and disabled, and upholding the arms of
government to bring the fearful conflict to a speedy and favor-
able conclusion. And as no period of history can furnish a
parallel to this war, so none can approach to the sanitary ef-
forts made to relieve its sufferings.and distresses.

The town has occasionally been visited with epidemic dis-
eases of a fatal character. In 1736 the throat distemper, which
had been raging for more than a year in the country, com-
menced its ravages here. It broke out in Kingston, N. H., in
1735, and spread with fearful and fatal rapidity throughout
the colonies ; its ravages were generally among the young ; in
New Hampshire where it first appeared, a thousand persons
died of it, and in Boston not less thau four thousand persons
were attacked. It was equally fatal here, forty-nine persons
died of the disorder upon the Neck, and twenty-six in Purpoo-
duck, out of a population of six or seven hundred in each place.
The Rev. Mr. Smith, in conformity to a usage of that day,
united to his clerical duties the practice of medicine, and was
at that time, if not the only, almost the only physician in the
place ; it continued to prevail here and in the neighboring
towns through the year 1737 ; in North Yarmouth seventy-five
died of it.

In 1786 the complaint appeared here again and attacked
adults as well as children ; and in 1832 it made a third periodi-
cal visit, sweeping numerous victims, among the young and
beautiful of the land to an untimely grave.

The small pox also frequently prevailed here before the in-
troduction of its antidote, the kine pock inoculation; but it
never has been very destructive among our people. During
the revolutionary war there were some cases among the sol-
758 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

diery, which terminated fatally. In 1792 there was an unusual
excitement on the subject; a hospital was then built on the
back side of Munjoy’s hill by the town, and another was pro-
cured at the expense of individuals on Bangs’ island, where
between forty and fifty persons of both sexes repaired for in-
oculation; the charge of them both was given to Doctors
Coffin, Thomas, and Erving. Not one of the persons who re-
ceived inoculation at that time died. We know little of the
terror which that epidemic was wont to produce before its
infectious nature was disarmed of its poison by the introduc-
tion of kine pock inoculation. Those who have witnessed the
dismay with which the cholera has been accompanied within a
few years, will not have an inadequate idea of the alarm which
went before that former enemy of our race.

Cemeteries. For two hundred years the only common
burial place in the territory now included in the limits of Port-
land, was a portion of the present eastern cemetery. Here the
rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. Here repose the remains
of the eminent men who have adorned our town during two
centuries, including probably Cleeves our first settler, and in
later times the Cobbs, Ingersolls, Moodys, Freemans, Joneses,
Titcombs, Foxes, Deerings, Coffins, the venerable pastors, Smith
and Deane, Col. Tyng ; here also lie the valiant warriors, Gen.
Preble, his gallant son the Commodore, Burrows and Blythe,
the renowned commanders of the Enterprise and Boxer, beside
the humble villager, the noble company of christian men and
women, who having passed through the vicissitudes of our
many-sided life, rest in peace within the bosom of the silent
grave. Within the old cemetery, forty years ago, stood a large
and venerable pine tree, the last relic of his race, which was a
landmark sea-ward for the weather-tossed mariner, and had
watched over all the generations who had been buried under
its shadow. The original cemetery was quite small, but it has
been several times enlarged, until it contains now about six
acres, and is quite crowded with its thickly gathered dwellers.
CEMETERIES. 759

Among the conspicuous monuments in the Eastern Ceme-
tery I may call attention to a few erected to prominent citizens.
The one to the distinguished Commodore Preble, who died in
1807, is especially noticeable, it is of white marble, erected by
his widow a short time previous to her own death ; another to
Lieut. Henry Wadsworth in commemoration of his owu death
and those of his gallant companions before Tripoli in 1804.
An ornamented shaft of white marble was erected to the mem-
ory of the Rev. Mr. Reese, a Universalist minister, from the
proceeds of a fund given by Francis O.J. Smith. There stands
too, a dilapidated monument erected to the memory of the
venerable Smith, first pastor of the First Parish. There are
three monuments erected to the memory of William Burrows,
Samuel Blythe, and Kervin Waters; the first two were the
opposing commanders in the signal naval engagement between
the brigs Enterprise and Boxer on this coast, September 5,
1813, and were killed gallantly fighting for their country; the
latter, a lieutenant in the Enterprise was mortally wounded.
Silas E. Burrows, a relative of the brave captain of the En-
terprise, erected the monument to his memory; the surviving
officers and crew of the Boxer commemorated their noble chief,
and the young men of Portland who had assiduously watched
over young Waters during his painful illness, dedicated a
monument to his worth and meritorious service.

The two commanders were buried September 8, 1813, the
shattered vessels having arrived in this port. The bodies were
brought from their respective vessels, in boats rowed by mas-
ters and mates, their oars striking minute strokes, while the
rival vessels alternately fired minute guns. On landing at
Union wharf, the bodies were taken up by a long procession
composed of the town authorities, military companies, civil
and military officers, members of Congress and the Legislature,
and citizens generally. The chief mourners in the procession
were Commodore Hull, the officers of the Enterprise and Boxer,
the crew of the Enterprise, naval and military officers, etc.
760 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

The procession moved through several streets to the meeting-
house of the Second Parish, where the funeral service was
performed, and thence to the place of sepulture, accompanied
in the procession and the church by strains of solemn and im-
pressive music, and by minute guns from the two artillery
companies, the two war vessels, and Forts Preble and Scam-
mell. Business was suspended, flags floated at half mast, and
a general sadness prevailed. It was one of the most imposing
and impressive scenes ever witnessed in Portland.

The great event, a naval victory over the mistress of the
seas, by an equal ship, deepened the interest which the occa-
sion excited.

These three monuments, which had become dilapidated,
were restored in 1864 hy the city, and a portion of the pierced
and torn flag, which had waved in triumph over the Enterprise
during the battle, was deposited under the monument to Bur-
rows with a statement of the funeral ceremony.

Western Cemetery. The old burying-ground had become
so much filled that it became necessary to seek a new place of
interment, and the town purchased in 1829, about fifteen acres
of land on the southern side of Bramhall’s hill, which soon
became the popular place of interment, and is already well
filled with spacious tombs and handsome monuments. But as
the tide of population moved westward there was a prevalent
feeling to bury the dead beyond the city limits, and the taste
of the community becoming educated by the splendid examples
of Laurel Hill, Mount Auburn, Greenwood, and various other
cemeteries of elaborate ornament, beauty, and refinement, our
city could not and would not resist the pressure for this mod-
ern improvement. In 1852 they purchased a tract of fifty-
five acres on the plains in Westbrook, two and a half miles
from Portland, covered with a growth of various kinds of forest
trees, and immediately commenced the work of civilization
and re-creation, by blending the harmonies of art with the wild-
ness of nature. Since that day improvements have been con-
CEMETERIES. 761

tinually made by the city and individuals to whom lots have
been conveyed, and the “Evergreen Cemetery” is now a thing
of beauty, shedding the radiance of a heavenly light upon the
gloom of death. It is a place of great resort for quiet repose
amidst the blended beauties of nature and art, to which facili-
ties have been recently increased by the horse railroad opened
to that favorite retreat.

In the Western Cemetery, the most conspicuous monuments
are those to Chief Justice Prentiss Mellen, erected in 1850 by
the Bar of the State, and to Master Jackson a time honored
school teacher of the town, erected by his pupils. Mr. Mellen’s
is a solid marble die resting on a broad plinth and surmounted
by a finished entablature. On the die are suitable inscriptions.
Master Jackson’s is a tall granite obelisk with appropriate in-
scriptions.

In 1858, further and cheaper accommodations were required,
and the city purchased at the expense of five thousand dollars,
about sixty acres on the Cape Elizabeth shore opposite Portland,
near Vaughan’s bridge, about a mile and a half from the center
of the city, which has been conveniently and handsomely laid
out for the use of the city, and in which interments are con-
stantly made. It is named “Forest City Cemetery.”

Mount Calvary Cemetery. Soon after Bishop Bacon came
to his diocese in Portland, he perceived the need of a burial
place, which should be especially consecrated to persons be-
longing to his communion. The Catholics had previously been
buried in a portion of the Western Cemetery, set apart for
their exclusive use, and which was already much crowded.
The bishop with his usual good taste, selected a retired spot in
Cape Elizabeth, about two miles from the center of the city,
containing about six acres, and purchased it for the last resting-
place of the Catholics. He erected a neat chapel upon the lot
and consecrated it and the sacred enclosure under the name

of “Mount Calvary Cemetery” to its future uses, according to
49
762 « HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the practice of his church. It has since become the common
burial place for the dead of his denomination.

The city is thus amply provided for places of sepulture em-
bracing an aggregate of one hundred and thirty-six acres, well
situated and handsomely furnished, for the final repose of the
bodies of the deceased inhabitants.

The town from its first organization to 1832, agreeably to
New England usage, had been in its municipal capacity a
perfect democracy. The whole body of the people had been
the law-makers in their primary assemblies, and their decrees
had been executed by persons selected by them. The meet-

ings of the inhabitants were formerly held in the meeting-

house, afterward in the court-house, and more recently until
1826, in a school-house on Congress street, the lower room of
which was prepared for the use of the town, and all elections
were held there. The population had increased so much about
the year 1820, that more convenient accommodations were
loudly demanded. The subject came before the inhabitants in
1823; and in 1824 a committee was chosen to consider the
expediency of erecting a building which should contain a hall
for the public meetings of the inhabitants and suitable apart-
ments for public purposes, together with conveniences for a
market. The object met with a favorable regard both from
the committee and the town, and the result was the erection of
the spacious building at the junction of Middle and Congress
streets in 1825, at an expense, including the land, a little short
of twenty thousand dollars.

The large hall which it contains afforded convenient room
for the assemblies of the inhabitants, and there the two thou-
sand legislators of the town formerly assembled to deliberate
and act upon the important subjects relating to its government.
The election of all executive and police officers, the location
of streets, and the assessment and appropriation of money were
all acted upon by masses of people, whose numbers varied, ac-
cording to the interest taken in the subject, from fifty to two
TAXES. 763

thousand persons. The partiality and injustice, and the crude
action on important questions which often resulted from the
excited feelings and the superficial consideration of these as-
semblies, produced a general inquiry among the citizens for
some remedy for such evils. The population had now reached
twelve thousand, producing a number of voters much too large
to act upon public business with that deliberation which the
extent of the town and the amount of money expended in its
government required.' Beside the frequent calling of the in-

1 Tn 1826 the amount appropriated for town charges was sixteen thousand four
hundred and ninety-five dollars; in 1827 it was twenty-five thousand six hund-
red and eighty dollars, which included seven thousand dollars to pay a town
loan; ia 1830 the amount assessed was thirty-five thousand eight hundred and
fifty-two dollars and ninety-six cents ; in 1831, thirty-one thousand three hund-
ted and severty dollars, and in 1832, thirty-five thousand three hundred and
ninety-three dollars and twenty-eight cents, which included in 1831 the town’s
proportion of the State and county tax, nine thousand two hundred and thirty-
two dollars, and in 1832, eight thousand five hundred and four dollars. The
whole expenses of the town in 1832, was twenty-seven thousand six hundred
and fifty-seven dollars and fifty cents, including an extraordinary expenditure
of two thousand two hundred and eighty-one dollars and sixty-five cents, in an-
ticipation of the cholera.

A comparative statement of town and city taxes with the progressive debt and
the rate of taxation upon each inhabitant will be seen in the following table.

_Yeur,  Popalation. Tax. 8. and Co.in. Rate on$l00 Debt. Rate of tax to Pop.

*1809 7,000 $12.316 $3,189 50 00 1.76
1827 11,000 25,680 2.33
1832 13,000 35,393 8,504 1.04 272)

The above was under the town government.
1838 = 14,500 84,248 6,504 .88 93,200 5.16
1840 = 15,218 104,096 6,778 1.18 191,806 6.84
1850 20,879 91,741 23,211 1.80 265,632 4.40
1860 26,342 244,888 52,635 1.08 790,104 9.80
1864 28,500 573,085 199,004 2.08 903,646 20.10

The city debt in 1835, was thirty-seven thousand five hundred dollars. I can-
not ascertain the amount of debt in 1827 and 1832.
In the debt of 1840 is included ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and twen-
ty-seven dollars for the Exchange building and land, which cost one hundred
* The highest tax paid in 1809 was by Mathew Cobb, two hundred and ninety-two dollars and

twenty-seven cents. Asa Clapp’s was two hundred and thirty-seven dollars ‘and fifteen cents,
Only nine persons were taxed over one hundred dollars.
764 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

habitants together on every occasion, whether for the election
of a police officer, the erection of a school-house, or the opening
of a street, became expensive and burdensome.!

Many persons turned their attention to the representative
system as a remedy for these evils, and in July, 1828, a peti-
tion was addressed to the selectmen signed by ninety-one very

1In 1829 there were twelve town meetings, and still more in 1828.

 

and one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one dollars, afterward sold to the
United States in 1849 for one hundred and forty-nine thousand dollars, and
wholly destroyed by fire January 8, 1854.

The amount received in 1864 from ordinary sources and applied to current
expenses of the city, was three hundred and seventy-two thousand two hundred
and six dollars—from loans two hundred and fifty-six thousand two hund-
red dollars. The whole expenditures were six hundred and twenty-one thousand
two hundred and fourteen dollars, which included payment of temporary loars
two hundred and sixty-five thousand one hundred and ninety dollars.

The war has caused the great increase in the taxes of the years 1863-1864
over those of 1860, to which the large State tax assessed upon Portland of one
hundred and seventy-four thousand nine hundred and seventy dollars, has added
to its burden. The city pays nearly one-eighth part of the whole State tax, and
five-ninths of the whole county tax.

The valuation has kept pace with the increase of taxes, in 1831 it was two
million nine hundred and sixty-two thousand thirty-six dollars, in 1832, three
million one hundred and forty-four thousand five hundred and seventy-two do!-
lars, in 1840, eight millions one hundred and eight thousand one hundred and
ninety dollars, But at this time and to 1850, property for the purposes of taxa-
tion was valued by the assessors at only about one-half of its fair cash
value, in order that, in the decennial apportionment by the State, Portland
should not be assessed at an inordinate rate, which it ever has been. The
country towns adopted a similar principle, greatly undervaluing their estates, in
the hope of escaping with slight taxation; in 1850 the valuation was thirteen
million three hundred and sixty-four thousand two hundred and thirty-eight
dollars; in 1860, twenty-two million seventy-two thousand five hundred dollars;
in 1864, twenty-six million nine hundred and fifty-three thousand nine hundred
and thirty-nine dollars. Increase of valuation in fourteen years eleven million
seven hundred and forty-six thousand nine hnndred and sixty-two dollars; in-
crease of taxes in fourteen years two hundred and seventy-seven thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight dollars; yearly average, nineteen thousand eight hundred
and forty-seven dollars.
CITY GOVERNMENT. 769

respectable inhabitants, requesting them to call a town meeting
‘to see if the inhabitants would take measures for adopting a
city government for said town.’’ On this application a meet-
ing was heid on the 30th of August following, and the subject
was committed to fifteen gentlemen for consideration and in-
quiry, who made a report in November, unfavorable to an
alteration in the form of government, but recommended a
change in the existing laws so far as to clothe the selectmen
with power to appoint police officers and constables, and to lay
out and establish streets, and conferring upon one person to be
called the commissioner of streets, all the duties of surveyors
of highways within the town. This report was accepted and
the committee was instructed to petition the legislature for an
act in conformity to the principles of their report. This result
did not however meet the expectations and wishes of a large
number of our inhabitants, and a remonstrance against the
passage of the proposed law signed by four hundred and thirty-
nine persons, was presented to the legislature. But the act
passed, notwithstanding the remonstrance, with a condition
however annexed, that it should be accepted by the town within
one year from its passage; in compliance with this condition
it was laid before the town in April following and rejected by
a large majority.

This interesting question was not permitted to rest here ; in
the course of the same year it was again brought before the
town, and on the 12th of October a committee was chosen to
. prepare the form of a bill to constitute a city government, for
the consideration of the inhabitants. The committee made
their report on the 7th of December, which was discussed and
amended during a whole day, and underwent a very severe
opposition. The objections went to the whole bill and not to

1 The seeming inconsistency in adopting the report of the committee and then
rejecting the law based upon it, is explained by a fact stated in the remon-
strance, that at the meeting which accepted the report only fifteen legal voters
attended.
766 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

its details; the elderly people were averse to innovation ; they
had got along so far very well under the old order of things,
they had seen the town flourish and prosper; and they dreaded
lest a change should be productive of more evil than good.
The rich were opposed to it generally, because they believed
that a city form of government being in the hands of a few,
tended to extravagance; they feared that the corporation would
appropriate large sums of money to ornament the city and to
make public improvements which our situation did not require,
and our capital did not warrant; and consequently that taxes
would be increased and additional burdens imposed on them.
These views and the influence of the persons who advocated
them, operated effectually on the public mind, and on the final
question taken in December, 1829, the measure was defeated
by a vote of five hundred and forty-seven to four hundred
and ‘eighty-nine.

After this unexpected result the subject rested nearly two
years, when in 1831, a committee chosen for the purpose of
“reviving the question, reported on the 12th of December the
amended bill which had been rejected in 1829. Two thousand
copies of it were ordered to be printed and distributed among
the inhabitants and its further consideration postponed to De-
cember 26. At this time after a brief discussion, the bill was
accepted by the town, and a committee was chosen to procure
its passage through the legislature. A remonstrance accom-
panied the petition sustained by an opposition more powerful
than was ever enlisted in town against any measure, The suc-
cess of the bill was iong doubtful; but it at length became a
law, February 28, 1832, with a condition annexed, that it
should be accepted by the town within three years by a ma-
jority of at least four to three of the legal voters.

On the 26th of March following, the question was submitted

' The vote adopting the bill was yeas four hundred and sixty, nays four hund-
red.
CITY GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED. T6T

to the inhabitants in legal town meeting, and the charter
was accepted by a vote of seven hundred and eighty to four
hundred and ninety-six. The city agreeably to the act was
divided into seven wards, and the government consisting of a
mayor, seven aldermen, and twenty-one common councilmen,
was duly organized April 30, 1832. The two boards deliber-
ate in separate rooms, and their concurrent action is necessary
for the passage of ordinances; Andrew L. Emerson, formerly
chairman of the selectmen, was elected the first mayor. The
government has been in operation thirty-two years and in most
respects has been found a great improvement over the old sys-
tem. It has all the requisites of decision and energy ; and if
the affairs of the city are not well administered, we may trace
the cause not so much to a defect in the system as to a defi-
ciency in the mode of its execution.

The following has been the succession of mayors.

Andrew L. Emerson, 1832, died in his first year.

Jonathan Dow, elected to fill the vacancy.

John Anderson, 1833.

Levi Cutter, 1884—1840.

James C. Churchill, 1841.
_ John Anderson, 1842.

Eliphalet Greely, 1843—1848.

James B. Cahoon, 1849, 1850, 1853, 1854.

Neal Dow, 1851 and 1855.

Albion K. Parris, 1852.

James T. McCobb, 1856.

William Willis, 1857.

Jedediah Jewett, 1858, 1859.

Joseph Howard, 1860.

William W. Thomas, 1861, 1862.

Jacob McLellan, 1863, 1864.
The situation of the town in some of its statistical concerns

may be seen in the accompanying tables; we are admonished
768 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

 

by the room we have already occupied to adopt this condensed
mode of presenting interesting details, wherever it may be done
consistently with a fair development of our subject. The popu-
lation had advanced in the ten years from 1820 to 1830, forty-
eight per cent which gives an annual ratio of increase of four
and four-fifths per cent, or an average of four hundred and two
persons a year. The average natural increase of the State was
supposed to be about three and one-third per cent a year; prob-
ably in this town the proportion of increase in the population
by emigration is greater than the general average of the State,
and we may therefore state the average of the annual natural
increase at three per cent, and that by emigration at one and
four-fifths per cent, or the relative numbers at two hundred
and fifty-four and one hundred and fifty a year. The average
natural increase of the whole United States was estimated at
three per cent.
POPULATION OF PORTLAND ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1830.

 

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Females, 844 679 664 851 1,607 844 510 802 164 57 24 0 6,546
12,287
Free colored persons, . . 3 : . . . . A : 314
12,601

The total includes five persons deaf and dumb, two blind, and four hundred
and nine aliens,

Population in 1820, eight thousand five hundred and eighty-
one.

In 1830 the number of polls was two thousand two hundred
and ninety-six; the number of persons supported in whole or
part by the jown was one hundred and eighty, and the average
expense for the support of each was thirty-three dollars and }
ninety-four cents. Dwelling-houses one thousand and seventy- ©
six, barns five hundred and seven, stores and shops for the <
sale of merchandise two hundred and eighty, ware-houses one

 
 

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POPULATION STATISTICS. 769

hundred and nineteen, offices and shops for other purposes
than the sale of merchandise three hundred and five, manu-
factories of tin-plate eight, of brass and iron three, of clocks,
watches, and jewelry four, of coaches and chaises six, printing
offices four, containing ten presses, tanneries six, ropewalks
five, distilleries seven, furnaces for casting iron two, marble
and stone cutting one, brick-yards seven, ship-yards three,
superficial feet of wharf four hundred and nine thousand six
hundred and fifty-three, horses one hundred and seventy-five,
cows three hundred and eighty-seven, oxen twenty-six, coaches
sixteen, chaises one hundred and one.

From the valuation returns there were in 1830, in this State,
forty-three thousand nine hundred and forty-three dwelling-
houses, forty-one thousand four hundred and forty-one barns,
four thousand five hundred and fifty-three shops and stores,
thirty-one printing offices, five hundred and sixty-one grist-
mills, nine hundred and seventy-five saw-mills, two hundred
and five fulling-mills, three hundred and nine carding-machines,
six ropewalks, twelve distilleries, six woolen factories, three
cotton factories, one powder mill, and nine paper mills.

In 1840 the population of Portland was fifteen thousand:
two hundred and eighteen, of which six thousand eight hund-
red and thirty were white males, seven thousand nine hund-
red and thirty-six white females, two hundred and four colored
males, and one hundred and ninety-eight colored females. In
1847 there were in town twenty clergymen, twenty-two phy-
sicians, seven dentists, and forty-three lawyers, which in 1860
had increased to twenty-four clergymen, twelve dentists, sixty-
four lawyers, and forty physicians.

In 1850 the population was twenty thousand eight hundred
and seventy-nine, embraced in three thousand nine hundred
and seventy-seven families, living in two thousand seven hund-
red and twenty-eight houses, being an average of seven three-
fifths individuals to a house. In 1860 the population was
twenty-six thousand three hundred and forty-two, of which
770 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

twelve thousand three hundred and forty-nine were males,
thirteen thousand six hundred and seventy-five females, three
hundred and eighteen colored, showing a falling off in the
colored population of eighty-four since 1840, being at the rate
of four and one-fifth persons a year. In 1840, Portland was
the twenty-first city in the Union in point of population, in
1850 the twenty-fifth, in 1860 the thirty-third. Its increase
in population over 1850 was twenty-six and a half per cent.

In 1850 the whole number of dwellings in Maine was
_ ninety-five thousand eight hundred and two, occupied on an
average by 6.09 persons ; in 1860 they had increased to one.
hundred and fifteen thousand nine hundred and thirty-three,
having 5.41 to each dwelling. :

In 1860 the whole number of dwellings in Portland were
four thousand and three, containing five thousand four hund- ~
red and ninety-two families, being an average of one and
three-eighths family to a dwelling, and 6.58 individuals to a
family. Ward number one, covering Munjoy’s hill, has the
largest number of families, being one thousand and eighty-eight,
occupying seven hundred and twenty-three dwellings, the next
largest is number seven at the other extremity of the city,
one thousand and forty-eight families in seven hundred and
ninety-five tenements, showing the principal increase of the
city to have been at its extremities. In fact it is within twenty
years that Munjoy and Bramhall have begun to be cron
for residences. ;

The census of 1860 discloses the singular fact that Maine is.
represented by her native born people in every State and terri-
tory in the Union. The number shown by the census is one
hundred and nineteen thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four, which is a little over a fifth part of her resident popula- ~
tion. And it may with truth be asserted that wherever she is
represented, her natives are among the most enterprising and
intelligent of the people among whom they reside. The larg-_
est number in any State was in Massachusetts, which had forty-

 

 
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DEATHS AND MARRIAGES. 771

three thousand and thirty-one, while New Hampshire had
eleven thousand four hundred and five, California nine thou-
sand eight hundred and sixty-four, Minnesota six thousand
four hundred and thirty, Wisconsin eight thousand four hund-
red and sixty-seven, and New York five thousand seven hund-
red and ninety-four ; while in South Carolina there were but
ninety-six, North Carolina ninety-nine, showing that her sympa-
thies do not run with the south. She had received but thirty
thousand six hundred and thirty-six from other States, of which
thirteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-two were from
Massachusetts, and twelve thousand three hundred ag sixty-
six from New Hampshire.

NUMBER OF DEATHS AND MARRIAGES AT DIFFERENT PERIODS
IN PORTLAND.

Deaths. Marriages. Deaths. Murriages. Deaths. Mar. Births.
1768, 14 1778, 8 5 1789, 17 15
1769, 27 1779, 8 2 1790, 14 3
1770, 21 1780, 7 2 1791, 14 7
177], 32 1781, 10 9 1800, 110 61 200
1772, 31 16 1782, 21 11 1801, 104 67 ~—-800
1773, 67 23 1783, 19 10 1803, 105 115 250
1774, 39 27 1784, 37 10 1805, 157 110
1775, 37 14 1785, 25 15 . 1831, 226
1776, 24 10 1786, 29 17 1832, 300!
1777, 14 8 1788, 11 4

The following table is an approximation to the number of
marriages in Portland for a few recent years as indicated
by the intentions recorded, viz: In 1857, two hundred and
seventy ; 1858, two hundred and ninety-seven ; 1859, three
hundred and twenty-four; 1860, three hundred and fifty-
six; 1861, three hundred and fifty ; 1862, three hundred and
fifty ; 1863, three hundred and seventy-eight. Of the num-
ber of births which annually occur in the city we have no
means of determining with accuracy as no record is kept of

1 Males one hundred and fifty-two, females one hundred and forty-eight, in-
cluding fourteen foreigners and twenty-two colored persons.
772 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

them. By the careful calculation of statistics in Europe the
average number is set down as four births to one marriage.
In this country where marriages take place earlier, and are
more prolific, we may assume the proportion of births to mar-
riages to be as four and a half to one. On this basis the aver-
age for the seven years preceding 1864, of the number of
births annually, would be one thousand four hundred and
ninety-four.

The deaths in Portland annually for a period of six years
prior to April 1, 1863, were as follows:

1858, Males 818, Females 259, Still-born and unknown 51, Total 653
1859, 250, 22: a ee “36, “858
1860, 249, “238, as st «30, “ §12
1861, “254, “262, . te «18, «561
1862, «301, «844, as ee «38, 678
1863, «346, ss B12, es fs «48, «701

This gives an average of one death to near forty-six of the
population for the six years, estimating the average population |
at twenty-eight thousand. The greatest number of deaths is
of children under five years old, being in 1862 two hundred
and seventy-five, and in 1863 three hundred and twelve, a
fearful mortality among those who have scarcely entered on
the career of life, and yet a similar proportion, about two-fifths
of the whole number, is found everywhere to be the rule. Of
the deaths in 1862, four were over ninety, one being ninety-
six ; in 1863, five were over ninety, sixteen between eighty: ©
and ninety, thirty-four between seventy and eighty, and these
are the common proportions in the city. Diseases of the breath-
ing organs are the most fatal in our climate; of consumption,
lungs, and croup, two hundred and fifteen died in 1862, and,
one hundred and ninety-four in 1863, being an average of
nearly one-third of all the deaths in the two years.

The advantages which in early days our new country held
out for employment, encouraged immigration, and the popula-
tion was almost wholly made up by accessions from the more
thickly peopled parts of Massachusetts. To the county of Essex

 
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IMMIGRATION. 7173

particularly, in the early as well as more recent period of our
history, the town is indebted for large portions of its popula-
tion.! Middlesex, Suffolk, and the Old Colony were not
without their contributions. But the people did not come
from such widely different sources as to produce any difficulty
of amalgamation, or any striking diversity of manners. They
formed one people, and brought with them the steady habits
and good principles of those from whom they had separated.
There were some accessions before the revolution made to our
population from the other side of the Atlantic ;° the immigrants
readily incorporated themselves with oar people and form a
substantial part of the population. Since the revolution the
numbers by immigration have increased more rapidly, espe-
cially from Great Britain, but not sufficiently to destroy the
uniformity which characterizes our population, nor to disturb
the harmony of our community.’

From 1820 the number of immigrants who arrived in the
United States rapidly increased. In 1820 only eight thousand
three hundred and eighty-five came over ; in 1830 twenty-three
thousand three hundred and twenty-two; in 1840 eighty-four
thousand six hundred and sixty-six; in 1850 three hundred

1 The following are some of the families which emigrated from Essex: Ap-
pleton, Baker, Bartlett, Bradbury, Bailey, Bagley, Carter, Chase, Coffin, Chad-
wick, Cross, Davis, Dole, Emerson, Haskell, Huse, Ingersoll, Isley, Kent,
Kimball, Knight, Longfellow, Lovitt, Lowell, Little, Moody, Morse, Merrill,
Mussey, Newall, Noyes, Nowell, Osgood, Pearson, Pettingill, Poor, Proctor,
Plumer, Pike, Pote, Richardson, Riggs, Sawyer, Sewall, Somerby, Swett,
Titcomb, Tolman, Tucker, Thurlo, Waite, Webster, Weed, Willis, Winship,
Wheeler.

2The Rosses, McLellans, Armstrongs, Mains, Johnsons, Robinsons, Pagans,
Wildridges, Cummings.

3 Among the enterprising men who came to Portland after the war, and before
the close of the century, and whose posterity remain, were Boyds, Becketts,
Chadwicks, Chase, Deblois, Dows, Fosdick, Greely, Harris, Hopkins, God-
dard, How, Evans, Horton, Hussey, Jewetts, Radfords, Robison, Storers,
Wadsworth.
774 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and ten thousand six hundred and four; in 1860 one hundred
and fifty-three thousand six hundred and forty ; of these sixty
per cent were males, eight per cent were five years old and
under, twenty-one per cent between twenty and twenty-five,
fifty-four per cent between twenty and forty years old. In the
five years from 1855 to 1860 the number of aliens who arrived
with the intention of settling in the country, was seven hundred
and eighty-one thousand six hundred and eighty-six. Of the
alien passengers who arrived in the United States in forty-one
years ending with 1860, seven hundred and sixty-four thousand
eight hundred and thirty-seven were farmers, four hundred
and seven thousand five hundred and twenty-four were
mechanics, and eight hundred and seventy-two thousand three
hundred and seventeen were laborers. ;

In Maine the foreign population in 1860 was thirty-seven
thousand four hundred and fifty-three ; of which fifteen thou-
sand two hundred and ninety were from Ireland, seventeen
thousand five hundred and forty from the British Provinces,
probably the larger portion Irish, England sent two thousand
six hundred and seventy-seven.

In Portland the foreign population in 1860 was three thou-
sand nine hundred and eight, nearly fifteen per cent of the
whole, of whom one hundred and eighty-eight were from Eng-
land, two thousand six hundred and twenty-seven from Ireland,
eighty-four from Scotland, eight hundred and sixty-three from
the British Provinces, thirty-six from the German States, four-
teen from France, and ninety-six from other foreign States.

It cannot have escaped observation that one of the principal
sources of our wealth has been the lumber trade. We have
seen on the revival of the town in the early part of the last
century, how intimately the progress of the town was connect-
ed with the operations in timber. Before the revolution our
commerce was sustained almost wholly by the large ships from
England which loaded here with masts, spars, and boards for
the mother country, and by ship building. The West India
COMMERCE. TT5

business was then comparatively small, employing but few ves-
sels of inferior size. After the revolution our trade had to
form new channels, and the employment of our own naviga-
tion was to give new activity to all the springs of industry and
wealth. We find therefore that the enterprise of the people
arose to the emergency; and ina few years our ships were
floating un every ocean, becoming the carriers of southern as
well as northern produce, and bringing back the money and
commodities of other countries. The trade to the West Indies,
supported by our lumber, increased vastly, and direct voyages
were made in larger vessels than had before been employed,
which received in exchange for the growth of our forests and
our seas, sugar, molasses, and rum, the triple products of the
cane. This trade has contributed mainly to the advancement
and prosperity of the town, has nourished a hardy race of sea-
men, and formed a people among the most active and enter-
prising of any in the United States.

The great changes which have taken place in the customs
and manners of society since the revolution, must deeply im-
press the mind of a reflecting observer. These have extended
not only to the outward forms of things, but to the habits of
thought and to the very principles of character. The moral re-
volution has been as signal and striking as the political one ; it
upturned the old landmarks of antiquated and hereditary cus-
toms and the obedience to mere authority, and established in
their stead a more simple and just rule of action; it set up
reason and common sense, and a true equality, in the place of
a factitious and conventional state of society which unrelent-
ingly required a submission to its stern dictates ; which made
an unnatural distinction in moral power, and elevated the rich
knave or fool to the station that humble and despised merit
would have better graced. The age of realities succeeded that
of forms.

These peculiarities have been destroyed by the silent and
gradual operation of public opinion ; the spirit which arose in
776 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the new world is spreading with the same effect over the old.
Freedom of opinion is asserting a just sway, and it is only now
to be feared that the principle will be carried too far, that au-
thority will lose all its influence, and that reason and a just es-
timate of human rights will not be sufficient restraint upon the
passions of men. The experiment is going on, and unless edu-
cation, an early and sound moral education, go on with it,
which will enlighten and strengthen the public mind, it will
fail of success. The feelings and passions must be placed un-
der the charge of moral principle, or we may expect an age of
licentiousness to succeed one of authority and rigid discipline.
We may be said now to be in the transition state of society.
The present terrible civil war which is shaking the country and
its institutions to their lowest depths, will produce a change
which we cannot now anticipate. It has developed resources
and called forth efforts, which no one foresaw.

Distinctions of rank among different classes of the commu-
nity, a part of the old system, prevailed very much before the
revolution and were preserved in the dress as well as in the
forms of society. But the deference attached to robes of office
and the formality of official station have all fled before the
genius of our republican institutions ; we look now upon the
man and not upon his garments nor upon the post to which
chance may have elevated him. In the circle of our little town,
the lines were drawn with much strictness. The higher classes
were called the quality, and were composed of persons not en
gaged in mechanic employments. We now occasionally find
some old persons whose memory recurs with longing delight
to the days in which these formal distinctions held uncontrolled
sway.

In our town the persons who were distinguished by the
cocked hat, the bush wig, and the red cloak, the envied marks
of distinction, were the Waldos, the Rev. Mr. Smith’s family,
Enoch Freeman, Brigadier Preble, Alexander Ross, Stephen
Longfellow, Dr. Coffin, Moses Pearson, Richard Codman, Ben-
MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND DRESS TTT

jamin Titcomb, William Tyng, Theophilus Bradbury, David
Wyer, and perhaps some others. The fashionable color of
clothes among this class was drab; the coats were made with
large cuffs reaching to the elbows, and low collars. Al] classes
wore breeches which had not the advantage of being kept up
as in modern times by suspenders ; the dandies of that day wore
embroidered silk vests with long pocket flaps and ruffles on their
breasts and over their hands. Most of those above mentioned
were engaged in trade, and the means of none were sufficiently
ample to enable them to live without engaging in some employ-
ment. Still the pride of their caste was maintained, and
although the cloak and perhaps the wig may have been laid
aside in the dust and hurry of business, they were scrupulously
retained when abroad. Wigs were quite an expensive article
of dress, and had to be renewed about as often as the coat and
breeches. The Rev. Mr. Smith says, “August, 1765, had a
new wig and clothes,” and again in 1769, “had a new wig, a
rich one, and hat; had my superfine black clothes.”” And
some entries in Mr. Deane’s Diary let us into the cost of this
decoration of the outer man: ‘1766, January 25, wig sixteen
pounds seventeen shillings and six pence.” ‘1769, December
22, sent to S. Parkman a jo and a pistareen to buy a wig ;”
on the 28th of the same month the Dr. says, “received my new
buckskin breeches.”! We may form some idea of the minis-
terial dress from these brief notices. The same absurdity of
dress was carried into the clothing of children. I find a memo-
randum on an account book of Enoch Freeman under date
February 25, 1754, as follows :

“Expenses for James’ wig £9.
Same, 9.

Mending my own thick wig, 10

Shaving my three sons at times, 5.14

1 This form of the nether garment was worn by boys as well as men univers
sally until about 1790, when Capt. Joseph Titcomb returning from the south,

50
778 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

These three sons were Samuel, aged eleven years, James,
nine and a half, William, seven years; the shaving was of
the head to receive the wig.

Under February 12, 1755, in the same book, is the following
memorandum, “Hxpenses Dr. to Samuel Waldo, Esq., for my
scarlet cloak, and a scarlet riding-hood for my wife, as per his
account on a letter dated London, October 18, 1754, with trim-
mings, ete., eleven pounds. One crimson riding-hood four
pounds nine shillings nine pence, being fifteen pounds nine
shillings and nine pence sterling, which is twenty pounds thir-
teen shillings lawful money, and one hundred and fifty-four
pounds seventeen shillings and six pence old tenor.”

“March 16, Nath’l Coffin Dr. one pair of leather breeches
twenty-four shillings, one Skin Shammy two shillings eight
pence.”

In 1759, Mr. Freeman has several charges for red coats sold,
price two pounds eight shillings, red breeches eight shillings,
lacad hat five shillings, brass buckles three shillings four pence,
hose one shilling. Before the revolution, the silversmiths,
Paul Little, John Butler, and Joseph H. Ingraham, found
much employment in the manufacture of brass and silver knee,
shoe, and sleeve buttons. Capt. Daniel Tucker in an interest-
ing manuscript autobiography says, that in 1771, when he was
eleven years old, he was put an apprentice to Paul Little, who
had a shop on the corner of Middle and King streets, and was
first put to work on brass sleeve buttons and marking them,
and then promoted to making silver ones.

There were many other expensive customs in that day to
which the spirit of the age required implicit obedience; these
demanded costly presents to be made, and large expenses to be

 

was the first that wore pantaloons here, and introduced the fashion. The dress
of the ante-revolution ladies would appear to us at least as grotesque as that of
the gentlemen; their long waists, towering head dresses, and high-heeled shoes
would give them an equal title to our admiration,
MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND DRESS. 779

incurred at the three most important events in the history of
man, his birth, marriage, and death. In the latter, it became
particularly onerous and extended the influence of its example
to the poorest classes of people, who in their show of grief
imitated, though at an immeasurable distance, the customs of
the rich. The following memorandum of the charges at the
funeral of the son of a respectable inhabitant in 1771, was
found among his papers, viz., “eight pair of colored gloves six-
teen shillings, five pair of women’s white gloves nine shillings
four pence, one pair of women’s colored gloves two shillings,
one pair of men’s colored gloves two shillings, two dozen lem-
ons, four bottles of wine, and shoe buckles ten shillings, knee
buckles eight pence.”’! .

The leaders of the people in the early part of the revolution,
with a view to check importations from Britain, aimed a blow
at these expensive customs, from which they never recovered.
The example commenced in the highest places, of an entire
abandonment of all the outward trappings of grief which had
been wont to be displayed, and of all luxury in dress, which
extended over the whole community. In the later stages of
the revolution however, an extravagant and luxurious style of
living and dress was revived, encouraged by a large amount
both of specie and paper money in circulation, and the great
quantity of foreign articles of luxury brought into the country
by numerous captures.

The leading men in Massachusetts saw with alarm the habits
of expense and extravagance again taking root among the peo-
ple, which threatened a renewed subjugation to, and depend-
ance upon, foreign powers, and they strove earnestly against
it. In 1786 the subject was brought before the General Court
and a committee of that body made a report in which they
recognized the existence of a luxurious style of living, bore

1The funeral of James, son of Enoch Freeman, who died February 5, 1771,

aged twenty-six.
780 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

their decided testimony against it, and recommended that “the
General Court should make aserious and determined exertion
by example and advice to inspire a due regard to our own
manufactures,” ‘“‘and at the same time discourage the impor-
tation and use of all foreign superfluities.” In November a
circular was published, signed by Gov. Bowdvin, Lt. Gov.
Cushing, and the principal members of the legislature, in which
they entered “into a solemn agreement and association to re-
frain from, and as far as in their power to prevent, the exces-
sive use and consumption of articles of foreign manufacture,
especially articles of luxury and extravagance.’ Such efforts
and from such a quarter had a most salutary influence on the
public mind, and tended to establish a judicious economy and
republican simplicity in all ranks of the community. In our
part of the country, Judge Thatcher of Biddeford, and other
wentlemen of influence, aided the cause by their example and
by publications in the newspaper. !

The evils here noticed did not exist in this part of the coun-
try in any considerable degree, especially after the revolution ;
the people were too poor to indulge in an expensive style of
living. ‘They were literally a working people, property had not
descended upon them from a rich ancestry, but whatever they
had accumulated had been the result of their own industry
and economy. Our ladies too at that period had not forgotten
the use of the distaff, and occasionally employed that antiqua-
ted instrument of domestic labor for the benefit of others as
well as of themselves. The following notice of a spinning bee
at Mrs. Deane’s on the first of May, 1788, is a flattering me-
morial of the industry and skill of the females of our town at
that period.

“On the first instant, assembled at the house of the Rev.
Samuel Deane of this town, more than one hundred of the

1 Judge Thatcher wrote a number of communications over the signature of

Hermit on this subject, characterized by his usual humor and wit: he was Wait’s
best correspondent.
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 781

fair sex, married and single ladies, most of whom were skilled
in the important art of spinning. An emulous industry was
never more apparent than in this beautiful assembly. The
myjority of fair hands gave motion to not less than sixty wheels.
Many were occupied in preparing the materials, beside those
who attended to the entertainment of the rest, provision for
which was mostly presented by the guests themselves, or sent
in by other generous promoters of the exhibition, as were also
the materials for the work. Near the close of the day, Mrs.
Deane was presented by the company with two hundred and
thirty-six seven knotted skeins of excellent cotton and linen
yarn, the work of the day, excepting about a dozen skeins
which some of the company brought in ready spun. Some had
spun six, and many not less than five skeins apiece. To con-
clude and crown the day, a numerous band of the best singers
attended in the evening, and performed an agreeable variety
of excellent pieces in psalmody.’”!

Some of the ante-revolutionary customs “more honored in
the breach than in the observance’’—have been continued quite
to our day, although not precisely in the same manner nor in
equal degree. One was the practice of helping forward every
undertaking by a deluge of ardent spirit in some of its multi-
farious mystifications. Nothing could be done from the burial
of a friend or the quiet sessions of a town committee, to the
raising of the frame of a barn or a meeting-house, but the men
must be goaded on by the stimulus of rum. The following
extracts from the papers of one of our ancient inhabitants will
furnish some illustrations: ‘1745, March 20, about town rates;
town Dr. to six mugs of flip, twelve shillings.” “1753, county
for ye gaol Dr. August 20, to three quarts of rum made into
punch, five shillings four pence.” The same entry is made
for four successive days, and “November 14, one pail of flip
given, and one to be paid for at five shillings four pence.” Flip

‘Cumberland Gazette.
782 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

and punch were then the indispensable accompaniment of every
social meeting and of every enterprise. In Enoch Freeman’s
accounts is the following entry. “April 14, 1755, committee
for building school-house Dr. to two tankards of flip at eight .
pence, two quarts of rum at one shilling—three shillings nine
pence.”

It is not a great while since similar customs have extensively
prevailed, not perhaps in precisely the instances or degree
above mentioned, but in junketings and other meetings which
have substituted whisky punch, toddy, etc., for the soothing
but pernicious compounds of our fathers. Thanks, however, to
the genius of temperance, a redeeming spirit is abroad, which
it is hoped will save the country from the destruction that
seemed to threaten it from this source.

The amusements of our people in early days had nothing
particular to distinguish them. The winter was generally a
merry season, and the snow was always improved for sleighing
parties out of town. Mr. Smith frequently mentions sleigh-
riding as an amusement of the people.!’ In summer the badness
of the roads prevented all riding for pleasure; in that season
the inhabitants indulged themselves in water parties, fishing,
and visiting the islands, a recreation that has lost none of its
relish at this day.

Dancing does not seem to have met with much favor, for
we find upon record in 1766, that Theophilus Bradbury and
wife, Nathaniel Deering and wife, John Waite and wife, and
several other of the most respectable people in town, were in-
dicted for dancing at Joshua Freeman’s tavern in December,

1 These parties were sometimes attended with inconveniences. Mr. Smith
says under February 4, 1163, ‘Wednesday morning Brigadier Preble, Col. Wal-
do, Capt. Ross, Dr. Coffin, Nathaniel Moody, Mr. Webb, and their wives and
Tate, set out on a frolic to Ring’s and are not yet got back, nor like to be, the
road not being passable.” “February 11, our frolikers returned from Black
Point, having been gone just ten days.”
AMUSEMENTS. 783

1765.!_ Mr. Bradbury brought himself and friends off by
pleading that the room in which the dance took place, having
been hired by private individuals for the season, was no longer
to be considered as a public place of resort, but a private
apartment, and that the persons there assembled had a right
to meet in their own room and to dance there. The court sus-
tained the plea. David Wyer was king’s attorney at this time.

It was common for clubs and social parties to meet at the
tavern in those days, and Mrs. Greele’s in Congress street was
a place of most fashionable resort both for old and young wags,
before as well as after the revolution. It was the Hastcheap
of Portland, and was as famous for baked beans as the “Boar’s
Head” was for sack, although we would by no means compare
honest Dame Greele, with the more celebrated, though less
deserving, hostess of Falstatf and Poins. Some persons are
now living on whose heads the frosts of age have extinguished
the fires of youth, who love to recur to the amusing scenes
and incidents associated with that house. The house was
moved to Washington street about 1846.

Theatrical entertainments were wholly unknown here, and
even in New England, before the revolution. The first exhibi-
tion of the kind which ever took place in this town was on
Tuesday evening, October 7,1794. The plays performed on
this occasion were the comedy of the Lyar, and a farce called
Modern Antiques, or the Merry Mourners. The principal
characters were sustained by Mr. Powell, Mr. Jones, Mr. Ken-
ny, Mrs. Powell, and Mrs. Jones. The performances were
three times a week at a hall called the Assembly Room in India
street; the price of admission was three shillings.

The company, which was a branch of the dramatic corps of
Boston, continued here but two or three weeks at this time,

(This house stood on the corner of Exchange and Middle streets; it was sub-
sequently owned and occupied by John Fox, Nathaniel Deering, and James
Deering, and was moved a few years ago to Washington street where it was de

stroyed by fire.
784 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

but repeated their visits in the summer season of future years,
and held their exhibitions sometimes in India street, at others
in Mechanics’ hall in Fore street, but after 1800 at Union
Hall in Free street. The company was so much encour-
aged at the commencement of the present century, when our
commercial prosperity was at avery high if not its highest
point, and the people proportionably lavish of their money in
amusements and the gratification of their tastes, that the man-
ager, Mr. Powell, proposed to erect a suitable building for a
theater in the west part of the town, and made arrangements
to carry the project into immediate effect. But in 1805, a
strong and united effort was made by those who disapproved
of these entertainments to defeat the undertaking. A meeting
of the inhabitants was held on the subject, and after a very
animated discussion, a majority was obtained in opposition to
the erection of the theater. They procured the passage of a -
law in March, 1806, by which persons were prohibited under
a heavy penalty, building any house for theatrical exhibitions
or acting or, assisting in the performance of any stage plays,
without a license first obtained for that purpose from the
Court of Sessions of the county.!

This measure, with the commercial embarrassments which
soon followed, put an end not only to the scheme of erceting a
theater, but also to theatrical exhibitions for many years, and
they were not revived until about 1820. They recommenced
in Union hall, which was fitted up for a summer theater. The
law of 1806 was attempted to be enforced against the company,
but it was evaded by the current of public opinion, notwith-
standing a large and respectable portion of our inhabitants
looked upon the performances as fraught with great evil to the
rising generation.

The success which attended these latter exhibitions induced

'A town meating was held on the subject, at which were animated discus-

sions, Deacons Woodbury Storer and Samuel Freeman were strenuous oppo-
heats, and Thomas B. Wait and others were ardent alvocates.,
THEATER—CONCLUSION. 785

a number of persons to unite in 1829 for the purpose of fur-
nishing more spacious accommodations ; the result of the effort
was the erection in 1830 of a neat and convenient theater in
Free street, at an expense including the land of about ten
thousand dollars. Since that time, however, the interest in
that species of amusement has very much diminished, and it
was only when actors of brilliant reputation were procured that
the receipts of the house paid any profit to the managers.

So unremunerating had the measure become that in 1836
the proprietors sold the building to the Second Baptist Society,
who transformed it into a neat and commodious church, in
which they now worship.

Theatrical performances are now occasionally given by ir-
regular, straggling companies from Boston and other places,
but they have not much respectability, nor do they receive
much patronage from the better classes of society. There are
also occasional amateur performances of select plays, by ladies
and gentlemen of the city, which are very respectable both in
their character and attendance. There are numerous other
amusements of various kinds by jugglers, minstrels, and
other like exhibitions, which attract particularly the young,
and receive sufficient encouragement to keep up a constant
stream of itinerant performers in the numerous arts of mak-
ing money. I think few places of the size are more free in
expenditure for these amusements than Portland. But be-
side these there are during every winter courses of lectures
from eminent men and scholars, which deeply interest and in-
struct the large audiences which attend them.

We have now passed through, in rather a desultory man-
ner, the principal incidents which form the history of our
community. What we have gathered may be useful hereafter
to those who toil in the same field. When we look hack a
space of just two hundred and thirty years, and compare our
present situation, surrounded by all the beauty of civilization
and intelligence, with the cheerless prospect which awaited the
786 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

European settler, whose voice first startled the stillness of the
forest; or if we look back but one hundred and fifty years to
the humble beginnings of the second race of settlers, who un-
dertook the task of reviving the waste places of this wilderness,
and suffered all the privations and hardships which the pioneers
in the march of civilization are called upon to endure; or if
we take a nearer point for comparison and view the blackened
ruin of our village at the close of the revolutionary war, and
estimate the proud pre-eminence over all those periods which
we now enjoy, in our civil relations and in the means of social
happiness, our hearts should swell with gratitude to the Author
of all good that these high privileges are granted to us; and
we should resolve that we will individually and as a community
sustain the vigor, the purity, and moral tone of our institutions,
and leave them unimpaired to posterity.
CHAPTER XXVI.

BIOGRAPHICAL NoTIces.

We have in the preceding pages given brief notices as occa-
sion offered, of some of our inhabitants in the second period of
our history ; we propose now to give a very short account of
some others whose names have occurred in the progress of the
work, or who have not been particularly noticed.

Adams, Jacob, was admitted an inhabitant February 22, 1728,
and died March 5, 1734, in the thirty-third year of his age.
He had a son John born in 1729, a daughter Elizabeth born in
1730, and Mary in 1732. His widow the same year married
David Stickney, by whom she had two children, Sarah and
Jacob, whose descendants still live here. He had a grant of
an acre lot near Center street.

Adams, Isaac, was long a very useful and honored citizen of
Portland. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1796,
came to Portland in 1797, and took charge of the town school
on the corner of Middle and Indiastreets. He was born in
Byfield, Mass. In 1802 he opened a bookstore in Jones Row,
and July 12, 1805, he and William Jenks, Jr., bought the
‘Portland Gazette establishment of Eleazer A. Jenks, and carried
it on for several years, Mr. Adams conducting the editorial de-
partment with vigor and intelligence. He represented the town
in the General Court of Massachusetts ten years, of which eight
of them from 1808 to 1815 were consecutive, and again in
1817 and 1818, and seven years in the legislature of Maine,
788 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

making a longer term of service in the legislature than any
citizen of the town ever enjoyed. He was also one of the
selectmen of the town thirteen years, up to the time of the
adoption of the city charter in 1832, during most of which
period he was chairman of the Board and principal executive
officer of the town. In 1825 he was appointed the first presi-
dent of the Merchants Bank in this city, and continued in
that office until his death, which took place July 5, 1834, at
the age of sixty years. He never was married. Mr. Adams
was a man of fine talents, quick perceptions, calm judgment,
and great energy of character. He was tall, of large frame,
and imposing appearance.

Allen, Dr. Ebenezer, was surgeon in the army, and was sta-
tioned on this coast in 172L and 1722. He was accepted by
the town as an inhabitant in 1727, and had an acre lot granted
him in 1728 on the west side of Clay Cove; a house lot was
also granted him at Purpooduck point the same year.

Armstrong, James, came here from Ireland in 1718, with his
family, and was part of the cargo of emigrants which spent the
winter of that year in our harbor. He hada son Thomas born
in Ireland, December 25, 1717; his sons, John and James,
were born in Falmouth, the former March 9, 1720, the latter
April 25,1721. He remained here with his brothers, while
his companions continued their voyage. John, Simeon, and
Thomas Armstrong, together with James, received grants of
land here previous to 1721. His daughter married Robert
Means, who with his family maintained a respectable standing
for many years; some of his descendants still live at Cape
Elizabeth.

Barbour, John and Joseph Bean. We have spoken in the
preceding pages of these persons who were ancestors of all of
the name among us. Their families were united in 1736 by
the marriage of Hugh Barbour with Mary Bean. Barbour and
Bean were both of Scotch descent. They both came here from
York and were of the Scotch-Irish emigration. The first Bar-
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. TRY

bour that came here was John in 1716. His father, an old
man, came with him, and was drowned in 1719. He had sev-
eral children, the eldest, Hugh, was born before the family moy-
ed here; the others were Adam, Mary, Ann, and Hannah, born
from 1719 to 1728. Joseph Bean Barbour, son of Hugh and
Mary Bean Barbour, lived on the lot granted to his grandfather
John in 1721, on Middle street, where the large block of brick
stores occupied by Marrett and Poor, and others, now stands,
and died in 1795, aged fifty-eight, by falling from a building
on which he was at work. He left one son, long our estima-
ble fellow-citizen, Joseph Barbour, and three daugliters, two of
whom, Anne and Hannah, married Mark Walton, and the
third Capt. Andrew Scott; their mother, Mary Bean Barbour,
died in Falmouth in 1802, aged ninety-two. Joseph, the last
survivor of the family, died in 1853, aged seventy-seven.
Joseph Bean and his wife Joanna came from York ; his first
three children were born in York 1704 to 1708, the next five
in Falmouth, Mary who married Barbour in 1710, and the last,
James, in 1719. He was taken prisoner by the Indians in
1692, when he was sixteen years old, and kept by them seven
years and ten months, during which time he traveled much
with them and learned their language. This rendered him
very useful as an interpreter between the English and Indians
on many occasions. He was a captain in the service in 1724.
He was a son of Captain Bean, or Bane, as he was often called,
well known in Indian warfare, who died in York in 1721.
Brackett, Zachariah, died in Ipswich after 1751, having sold
his farm at Back Cove, now occupied by James Deering’s heirs,
to Josiah Noyes, and moved there about 1740. He was twice
married; by the first wife he had all his children born as fol-
lows, viz., Sarah, March 1, 1709, married first Sawyer of Back
Cove, second Jonathan Morse, 1754—Jane born January 13,
1711, married Daniel Moshier of Gorham—Anthony, August
25, 1712, married first wife, Abigail Chapman, 1751, second Abi-
gail, a daughter of Joshua Brackett, he died in 1775—Abra-
790 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ham, July 8, 1714, married Joanna Springer in 1748, and died
in 1806, these were born in Hampton, N. H.; the following
were born in Falmouth—Zachariah, November 30, 1716, mar-
ried Judith Sawyer, 1742, and died 1776—Thomas, married to
Mary Snow, 1744—Susannah, February 13, 1720, married to
John Baker, 1740—Joshua, June 7, 1723, married Esther Cox,
1744, and died 1810—Abigail, the youngest, August 21, 1727,
married James Merrill, 3d., of Falmouth, 1753.

Zachariah Brackett was son of Anthony Brackett (who was
killed by Indians on his farm at Back Cove, in 1689), by his
second wife, Susannah Drake, who was a daughter of Abraham
Drake of Hampton. After the death of his first wife, he mar-
ried an Irish woman named Mary Ross in 1741, who caused
much trouble in the family and probably drove him back to
Hampton. He had got to be an old man.

Bangs, Joshua, came here from Plymouth, Cape Cod, where
he was born in 1685, and settled on the point east of Clay Cove.
His parents were Jonathan Bangs and Mary Mayo. His grand-
father, Edward, born at Chichester, England, came to Ply-
mouth in 1628. He was master of a vessel, subsequently a
merchant; he represented the town in 1741; and died May
23, 1762, in the seventy-seventh year of hisage. He had two
sons, Joshua and Thomas, and daughters, Thankful, Sarah,
Mary, Mehitable, and Susannah. Joshua died July 6, 1755,
aged thirty-two—Thomas married Mehitable Stone of Harwich
in 1751—Thankful married Samuel Cobb in 1740—Mehitable
born 1728, first married John Roberts, Jr., in 1752, and for
- her second husband, Jedediah Preble in 1754, by whom she
had Martha, Ebenezer, Joshua, Commodore Edward, Enoch,
Statira, and Henry; they are all dead. Capt. Enoch was the
last survivor. Sarah married Gershom Rogersin 1756. Mary
married Nathaniel Gordon in 1754, and Susannah, Elijah
Weare in 1761.

Boyd Robert and Joseph Coffin. These gentlemen, the first
of the name who settled in Portland, were sons of James Boyd
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. T91

of Newburyport, and Susannah Coffin, sister of Rev. Paul Cof-
fin of Buxton, and daughter of Col. Joseph Coffin of Newbury,
who was a descendant from Tristram Coffin, the first of the
name who came to this country. Robert and Joseph, with their
brothers, Ebenezer and Gen. John Parker Boyd, were destined
for mercantile life, and were placedinstores in Boston. Eben-
ezer from having become quite a distinguished merchant left
commercial pursuits and became a zealous Baptist preacher.
And John, tired of the drudgery of business, entered the Ameri-
can army, and in 178) received a commission as ensign. In
1788, not finding sufficient employment on the peace establish-
ment for his active mind, he went to India, and. entering the
military service, he rose by his merits to the command of a
regiment in the British army. Returning to this country he
was made a brigadier general and served through the war of
1812 with honor to himself and benefit to the country. Robert
came to Portland in 1784 and was soon followed by his brother,
Joseph C., when they commenced trade. In 1800, Joseph went
to France and was absent abroad eighteen months; on his re-
turn he left commercial pursuits and engaged in other employ-
ments; at one time as clerk of the courts, as notary, and magis-
trate. He was the first treasurer of the State in 1820, and
died in 1823 while holding that office, at the age of sixty-
three. In 1796 he married Isabella, a daughter of Dr. Robert
Southgate of Scarborough, by whom he had a large family of
children. One son, Robert, and children of his eldest daugh-
ter, Mary, widow of Dr. John Merrill, still reside in town.
Robert Boyd was the eldest brother ; he continued in trade
on the corner of Middle and Exchange streets till his death.
He succeeded Stephen Deblois, who had purchased that corner
and the wooden store upon it, of Deacon Richard Codman in
1788, and after Mr. Deblois’ return to Boston in 1794, Mr.
Boyd purchased it and erected upon the spot in 1805 the brick
block which remains there, the property of some of his children.
Mr. Boyd erected about the same time the fine house on the
792 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

corner of High and Pleasant streets, now owned and occupied
by Joseph W. Dyer, in which he died in 1827, at the age of
sixty-eight; his wife died twenty years later. Margaret, wife
of the late Woodbury Storer, and Mrs. William Little of has
ton were the sisters of Mr. Boyd.

Robert Boyd married first, Ruth, a daughter of Capt. David
Smith, November 15, 1791, by whom he had all his children,
viz: John P., Susan Coffin, William, Robert, a daughter who
died in infancy, and Lendall, all of whom are living but the
two daughters, three of them in Portland. Mrs. Boyd died in
1805 at the age of thirty-six. His second wife was Hannah
Greenleaf of Newburyport, the excellent woman with whom he
lived more than twenty years. Mr. Boyd was a gentleman of
fine qualities, kind, benevolent, of easy manners, and univer-
sally respected.

Butler, John, came here in 1761 from Newbury; he was
originally a jeweler, a partner of Paul Little, but afterward
engaged in trade aud accumulated a handsome property before
the revolutionary war, which was severely impaired by that
event. He married Ann Codman, a daughter of Capt. John
Codman, of Charlestown, and sister of Deacon Richard Cod-
man of this town. He was a handsome, gay, and accom-
plished man, but his misfortunes by losses of property and
children, unthroned reason from her seat, and we remem-
ber him for many years as but the ruined semblance of a gen-
tleman. He died in Westbrook in December, 1827, aged
ninety-five, having been supported some years before his death
by that town. He left no issue.

Bradish, David. Major Bradish married Abiah Merrill in
1767, and had several children; he left two sons, Levi and Da-
vid, and daughter Mary married to Henry Wheeler; descend-
ants in the female line now reside in town. See p. 518.

Child, Thomas, was born in Boston in 1731 and came here
about 1764; he entered government service in the custom-
house in 1769, in which he continued until his death, first as
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 793

“land waiter,” weigher, and guager, and as nayal officer under
the government of Massachusetts. He was also postmaster
before the revolution, and five years one of the selectmen. In
1i72 he married Mary, a daughter of Enoch Freeman, who
was born in 1752. By her he had three children, Thomas,
Mary, married to David Hale, and Isabella, uumarried, all of
whom survived him. He died in December, 1787, and his
widow in Boston, 1832. His son Thomas died in Roxbury,
Massachusetts, November 28, 1851, aged 69, leaving a family.
The latter’s son Thomas married a daughter of Joseph Thaxter
of this town and is also dead.

Cammett, Paul, the first of the name who came to Portland,
was born in 1719 ; he followed his trade as a cooper and pump
and block maker before the revolution, and died in 1796, aged
seventy-seven. His widow Mary, died in 1798. He had sons
Philip, Dudley, Paul, and Thomas. Dudley married Eliza
Paine, November 11, 1773; he was a lieutenant in the army
of the revolution, and lived on Fore street near where the en-
gine-house of the Grand Trunk Railway stands. He hada
wharf near by on which he carried on his business of pump and
block maker, which was purchased by the railway company ; it
isnow a part of theirgrounds. Hehadnosons. Thomas mar-
ried Nabby Snow, November 14, 1784, and lived on the east side
of India street, where his sons, Capt. William was born in 1785,
Stephen, John, and Dudley, the last in 1788. Dudley was a
pump and block maker, and died in 1863, aged seventy-five,
leaving a family. Capt. William after having followed the sea
nearly all his life as seaman and master with success, has re-
tired in old age, and now enjoys an office in the Custom-house,
well earned by his long ocean service. Both William and Dud-
ley are represented by sons who perpetuate the name, and they
are the only descendants of the name residing here. Paul,
son of Paul, died in Portland unmarried, and John, though
married, left no issue. The only male descendants are through

Thomas the son of the first Paul.
51
TOA HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Cobham. Early in the last century, a mariner in an English
ship which came here to load, fell in love with one of our maid-
ens named Mayberry, married her and took her to England.
He died there leaving a widow and four daughters born in
England. The lone widow sighed for her native land, and
sought to join her kindred and friends upon the soil of her
birth. Thus she who departed a joyful bride, returned a widow
with her daughters to spend the evening of her life among the
friends and companions of her youth, and be buried among
her kindred. The widow Cobham, for she it was, died De-
cember 29,1767, and the daughters were left to struggle on ;
Rebecca died June 19, 1773, aged nineteen; two others, Sally
and Abigail, will be remembered by our old inhabitants as toil-
ing, painstaking, and quiet single women; Sally kept a store
on Congress, near Green street, where would -be found all
the small articles needful for ladies’ use. Abigail, or as she
was familiarly called, Nabby, kept the house. I well remem-
ber these ancient ladies as they moved calmly and patiently
along to the end of their life’s journey. Sarah died March 17,
1811, and Nabby within the year, January 10, 1812, aged sixty-
four, her whole life having been spent by the side of her sister ;
when she was stricken down, the fatal blow was given to her own
existence. Mary, the eldest sister, married in 1759, for her
first husband, Jacob Stickney, son of Capt. David Stickney, by
whom she had two children. Stickney was a sea captain and
died December 16, 1764, aged twenty-eight ; and in 1767 she
married Joseph Noyes, one of the most honored townsmen of
the last century. He was nine years one of the selectmen, and
nine years a representative to the Provincial Congress. He
was son of Josiah Noyes, who owned and occupied the Brack-
ett, now Deering farm at Back Cove, was born in 1745 and died
in 1795. His children by Mary Cobham, were Jacob born
1768, Anne, married to David Hale, Betsey married to William
Lowell, and Josiah. Jacob, by whom alone the Cobham blood
is preserved here, married in 1798, Anne, daughter of Pearson
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 795

Jones by Betsey, a daughter of Enoch Isley ; by her he had a
large family, the eldest of whom is our esteemed fellow-citizen,
Joseph Cobham Noyes, born in 1798. Jacob Noyes built and
occupied the three-storied brick house on Free street now
owned by the late Charles Jones’s heirs; he died in J une,
1820, but his widow still lives, sound in intellect and body at
the age of eighty-nine years. The Cobhams are a branch of
the titled Cobhams of Kent and Cobham counties, England, as
the coat of arms preserved in the family indicates, and is thus
described :
“Gu, on a Chev, or three fleurs-de-lis az,”

which in plain English means shield red, on a chevron of gold
color with three lilies in blue color. The chevron is formed
by a bar drawn from each corner of the bottom of the shield,
meeting in its center.

Codman, Richard, was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts,
in 1730. He was son of Capt. John and Mrs. Parnell Cod-
man. In 1755 his father was poisoned by his three negro
domestics, for which two of them were executed and the other
transported. Soon after this event, Richard came to this town
and engaged in mercantile pursuits. Before the revolution,
he kept in a gambrel-roofed wooden store which stood on the
corner of Middle and Exchange streets, and was afterward oc-
cupied successively by Stephen Deblois and Robert Boyd; it
was moved by the latter to Congress near Green street in 1803,
to make room for his brick block which he erected in 1804 and
1805. Mr. Codman was a man of much influence in town; he
was twelve years deacon of the first church, two years a select-
man. In 1762 he built one of the best houses in town on the
corner of Middle and Temple streets, in which he died. This
stood back some distance from Middle street, and had a spacious
yard before it terraced to the street and surrounded by a stately
fence. It was open to the harbor at the time of the revolution,
so that balls from Mowatt’s fleet shattered the fence and pene-
trated the house. On the tenth of July, 1758, he married
TYG HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Anne, the youngest daughter of Phineas Jones, by whom he
had two children, Richard and Anne; she died in March,
1761, at the early age of nineteen years. In 1763 he married
Sarah, the youngest daughter of the Rev. Mr. Smith, who was
the mother of James, William, Sarah, who married Timothy
Osgood, Catharine, who married Ebenezer Mayo, and Mary,
who married William Swan, and was the last survivor. The
daughters by the second marriage had no issue; descendants
from the sons of that marriage now reside here. Richard, the
son by the first marriage, married Statira, a daughter of Gen.
Preble, and had by her three children, Richard, Edward Preble,
and Statira, all dead; she died August 15, 1796, aged twenty-
nine, and he married for his second wife Miss Hitchborn of
Boston, by whom he had no children. He died September 9,
1833, aged seventy-five, having survived all his children—
James, after a long and faithful service as a sea captain, set-
tled in Gorham, where he died in 1840, aged seventy-six, leav-
ing two sons, one of whom, Randolph A. L., now deceased, was
a prominent lawyer in Portland. The other, Frederick, lived
in Baltimore and is dead. William died in 1828, at the age
of sixty, leaving a family; one of his sons now resides in Port-
land. Anne, the daughter by the first wife, married James
Fosdick in 1781, and died leaving several children ; two of his
daughters are living in town, one single, the other, the widow
of Edward Burnham. Deacon Codman died September 12,
1793, at the age of sixty-three, and his widow September 10,
1827, at the age of eighty-seven. She was the last survivor of
Rev. Mr. Smith’s children; her brother Peter having died the
year before in his ninety-sixth year.

Coffin, Dr. Nathaniel, was for many years a celebrated phy-
sician, and came from Newburyport, to which place his ances-
tor Tristram Coffin, emigrated from Plymouth, England, in
1642. He married Patience Hale in 1739, by whom he had
Sarah, Nathaniel, Jeremiah Powell, Francis, Mary, married to
Samuel Juie, merchant of Antigua, and Charles Harford for
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 197

her second husband, and Dorcas married to Captain Thomas
Coulson of Bristol, England. He lived in India street, where
he died in January, 1766. His wife died January 31, 1772,
aged fifty-seven. Sarah died unmarried in Portland in 1826 ;
Coulson’s wife died in Bristol, England, about 1800, Jeremiah
previous to 1800. His son Nathaniel was born April 20,
1744, was sent to England by his father in 1763, and pur-
sued his medical studies in Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals,
London. He returned to his native place in 1765, where he
entered upon a very full and lucrative practice and continued
it until a short time previous to his death, which took place
October 21, 1826. Soon after he commenced practice, he
married Eleanor Foster of Charlestown, amiable and accom-
plished like himself, by whom he had eleven children, five sons
and six daughters ; all the daughters but one, who died young,
were married and two of his sons. None of the family now
live in town. Dr. Coffin the younger, and his wife were per-
sons of fine manners and personal address. Their children
were handsome in person, and the daughters were among the
most attractive ladies of their day. Mary married Ebenezer
Mayo in 1792, and died the next year. Susanna married
William Codman, of Boston, October 27, 1791; he died in
1816, leaving a family. Harriet, born May 14, 1775, married
Jesse Sumner of Boston, 1799; their daughter married Nathan
Appleton of Boston. Eleanor born in 1779, married John
Derby of Salem in 1801, and Martha born 1783, married Rich-
ard Derby of Salem in 1800. Thomas and Francis, twins,
were born in 1780; Thomas went to Russia in early life, mar-
ried and died there. Francis died unmarried in 1842. Isaac
Foster, born in 1787, graduated at Bowdoin College in 1806,
spent several years in South America, and on his return mar-
ried Ann Prince of Roxbury, and died there in 1861.

Cotton, William, came from Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
about 1731, a young man. He was born 1710, and died De-
* cember 8, 1768, aged fifty-eight. He was probably descended
798 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

from William Cotton, who with John Cotton were partners
with Gorges and Mason in the Laconia Grant on Piscataqua
river. Mason brought them to Portsmouth in 1634. William
of Falmouth, came here about 1732. He purchased a large
tract of land between Cross and Center streets, through which
Cotton street was afterward made, and established upon it a
large tannery and erected a dwelling-house in which he lived and
died. The tannery was carried on by his descendants until quite
recently, and a portion of the property remains in the family.
His first purchase was made August 19, 1732, being one acre of
upland and one acre of flats, and was part of the old John Skil-
lings lot, extending from Congress street to Fore river, which
he received in 1683 in exchange from Rev. George Burroughs.
The land was a swamp and well suited for a tanyard. In the
deed he is called Wm. Cotton, Jr. He was chosen deacon of
the first church in 1744 and held the office at the time of his
death; he was selectman of the town thirteen years and was
an honored and useful citizen. He was twice married; his
first wife Sarah, by whom he had all his children but one, died
May 3, 1753, aged 47; in the November following, he married
widow Martha Hudson who survived him and died December
10, 1784, aged sixty-five. His children were Sarah, married
first to William Thomes in 1763, and to Elisha Turner, her sec-
ond husbandin 1774; William born October 24, 1739, married
Elizabeth Cobb, 1759; John born 1741; Abigail born 1742,
married Ebenezer Owen, 1763; Mary born 1754, married first
Moses Holt, Jr., in 1771, a graduate of Harvard College in 1767,
and was keeping the grammar school, he died the next January
and she married the Rev. Stepheu Hall in 1778, also a gradu-
ate of Harvard in 1765. They all had. children, but the de-
scendants of Sarah and Mrs Owen are the only ones who
remain intown. The name is extinct here.

Crabtree, William. The name was in this country prior to
1639; in that year John Crabtree a joiner lived in Boston. The
family here does not appear to be connected with him. Three
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 799

brothers, Agreen, William, and Eleazer, came from England
before the revolution and settled in Attleborough, Massachu-
setts. Agreen moved to Frenchman’s Bay, and Eleazer to Fox
Islands in the eastern part of Maine. Agreen’s sons, William
and Eleazer, settled in Portland. William was about forty years
old when he came here. His first wife died in 1779, and in
1798 he married Hannah Bagley. His children by his first wife
were William, Eleazer, and Agreen ; by the second wife they
were Edward, Sarah, Hannah, wife of Reuel Shaw, Jane, wife
of Charles 8. D.Griffin, Ellen, wife of Wm P. J. Baker, Eliza,
wife of Silas W. Merrill. He and his sons, William and Elea
zer, were able and enterprising shipmasters; William subse-
quently settled as a merchant in Savannah, where he died a few
years ago, leaving a widow, Lydia, a daughter of Major Lemuel
Weeks. Eleazer died in 1800, without issue. The elder Capt.
Crabtree lived many years on Congress, near the head of India
street, in the house now owned and occupied by Mr. Swett.
He moved to Falmouth where he died. His sister Sarah mar-
ried Major Lemuel Weeks in 1780 and had a large family.
The name Crabtree does not now exist in town.

Cumming, Thomas, came here from Scotland in 1773, and
opened a store in India street in his house, where he carried
on a large business. In the destruction of the town he lost
his house and store with their contents; after the war he built
a house on the same spot, which is now standing, largely built -
upon, and is the one fronting Middle street, where he kept store
until his death. He died in 1798, aged sixty-three, leaving
one daughter, Eleonora, who was married to Charles Bradbury
of Boston, ason of Judge Bradbury, in 1810, by whom she had
a large family; he hada son Robert who died at sea in 1791.
The name does not exist here now.

There was a Thomas Cummings who lived in town in 1721,
in which year or the next he married Deborah, the widow of
James Mills, who lived on the adjoining land ; by her he had
three daughters, Deborah, Patience, and Lucretia. By a for-
80 0 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

mer marriage he had two sons, William and Thomas, through
one or both of whom his name is transmitted to our day; he
was the ancestor of the late William Cummings, Esq., of West-
brook; he was constable of the town at his death, which took
place in March, 1724.

Cushing, Col. Ezekiel, was the son of the Rev. Jeremiah
Cushing of Scituate, where he was born April 28, 1698. His
mother was daughter of Thomas Loring of Hingham. His
first wife was Hannah Doane of Plymouth, born in 1703, by
whom he’ had the following children born in Provincetown,
viz: Loring, born August 10, 1721, who graduated at Harvard
College, 1741, and died in 1778; Ezekiel, June 3, 1724; Jere-
miah, October 7, 1729; Hannah, February 9, 1732; Lucia, July
18, 1734; Lucia, December 27, 1735; Phebe, April 15, 1738.
After which he moved to Cape Elizabeth and occupied the
point which has ever since borne his name, and where a portion
of his house remains. In 1746 he married the widow Mary
Parker of Boston, a daughter of Dominicus Jordan of Cape
Elizabeth, by whom he had three children, John, Thomas, and
Nathaniel. His second wife had by her first husband, four
children, one of whom, Mary, married Loring Cushing above-
named. His daughter Lucia, married James Otis of Scituate,
and Hannah married Charles Robinson. His descendants are
numerous both in the male and female lines. He was one of
- the most distinguished men in our neighborhood, and lived in
high style. He commanded the regiment of the county, then
the highest military office in Maine; was selectman of the town
nine years, and filled other important offices. He was largely
engaged in the fisheries and the West India trade ; and during —
his time, there was more commercial business carried on in
Simonton’s Cove and on the Cape Elizabeth shore, than on the
Falmouth side. He died in 1765, aged sixty-seven.

Deering Family. The advent of the Deering family to Fal-
mouth, now Portland, of which they have been a prominent
element, was caused probably, by the marriage of Deacon
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. S01

James Milk with Mrs. Annie Deering, the mother of Nathan-
iel, John, etc. Deacon Milk’s first wife died in April, 1761,
and the next year he married the widow Deering, who brought
to him the large dowry of eleven children. She had been the
mother of fourteen, three of whom died young. Her maiden
name was Dunn. Susannah, the eldest child, born June 1,
1737, was married to Mr. Wormwood. The others followed her
to Falmouth or came soon after; they were Nathaniel, born
January 17,1739, John, November 15, 1740; Mary, June 30,
1742, married Deacon Milk’s son James in 1763; Ann, born
May 3, 1744, married William Fullerton of Portsmouth ; Nich-
olas, April 4, 1746; Miriam, February 4, 1748, married Mr.
Clough; Joshua, February 14, 1750; Samuel, July 16, 1752;
Benjamin, May 1, 1754; and Joseph, February 3, 1758, who
died unmarried, Dec. 8, 1779. Ann, who married Wm. Fuller-
ton, had by him three daughters, and after his death, came to
Falmouth with her children and married Capt. Joshua Adams
of New Casco, by whom she had one son, Joseph. Her daugh-
ters married here, viz., Elizabeth to Elias Merrill, Hannah to
Elliot Deering, and Miriam to Daniel Poor. Of Nathaniel
Deering, the eldest son, I have spoken in previous pages, he died
at the early age of fifty-six, leaving two children by his wife,
Dorcas Milk, viz., James, born Aug. 23, 1766, and Mary, born
1770, married to Commodore Edward Preble in 1801; she died
May 26, 1851, having had but one child, Edward, who died be-
fore her, leaving three children, by one of whom, bearing the
name of his father and his renowned grandfather, whose profes-
sion he follows, the name and blood are transmitted. The
mother of this large family of Deerings died in 1769, at the
age of fifty-eight, and Mrs. Deering the widow of Nathaniel
died in March, 1835, at the age of eighty-six. James, the son
of Nathaniel, married Almira, a daughter of Enoch Isley,
March 9, 1789, by whom he had a large family, of which one
son, our townsman Nathaniel, a graduate of Harvard College in
1810, a lawyer by profession, and four daughters, survive ; two
802 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of whom, unmarried, occupy the paternal mansion amidst the
broad and beautiful acres which their honored parent many
years cultivated and enjoyed. One daughter married our re-
spected fellow-citizen, Thomas A. Deblois, another Henry Mer-
rill, and the youngest, now deceased, was the wife of Mr.
Fessenden, the honored secretary of the treasury of the United
States. Mr. Deering died in September, 1850, and his wife a
few years later, both at advanced ages.

John Deering the brother of Nathaniel, married Eunice Milk
in 1766, by whom he had eight children, five sons and three
daughters. Sally, the eldest, died unmarried in 1814; Anna
married Elihu Deering and died without issue in 1861, aged
ninety-one years; Eunice died in 1864, at the age of eighty-
nine, unmarried ; Joseph died in 1860, at the age of eighty-one;
these two aged ladies and the brother, the lingering remnants
of the large family lived together in the old house on Exchange
street, built by Nathaniel and John before the revolution, until
it was partially destroyed by fire in 1853, when it was sold, and
the ancient occupants left their native tenement and contin-
ued together in their house on High street, until one by one
they dropped into the silent shelter of the tomb. Their father
died in 1784, November 8, aged forty-four, and their widowed
mother in March, 1835, at the age of eighty-six. The only
representatives of this branch of the family are the children of
John, son of John, born September 28, 1775, married to Ellen
Jones of Cape Elizabeth, November 6, 1800, and who died in
December, 1832. He was an able shipmaster and a genial
companion. Mrs. Poor, widow of Daniel Poor, the last surviv-
ing grandchild of the elder Mrs. Deering, daughter of William
Fullerton and Ann Deering, died in April, 1864, at the age of
ninety-four years and four months, being the fourth member
in this family who has died within four years, two over ninety,
one cighty-nine, and one eighty-one, a rare instance of lon-
gevity in one family.

East, John, was here as early as 1720, when a grant was
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 803

made to him of forty acres on Little Chebeag Island, and a
three acre lot on Congress street. He was a man of some
consequence in town, was often on committees, was selectman
six years, and town treasurer in 1730. He married Mary, a
daughter of John Oliver, who came from Boston. Fast was
a mariner and a very eccentric man; it is said that when he
arrived from sea, he would not come on shore to see his wife
for several voyages, although he placed great confidence in her
aud made her the keeper of his purse. He lived at the foot
of India street, on the east side, near the fort, in a gambrel-
roofed house, afterward occupied by Henry Wheeler. He died
in 1736, without issue, having bequeathed his whole estate to
his widow; the same year she married Henry Wheeler. The
name in this town died with him.

Epes, Daniel, graduated at Harvard College in 1758; he
came here from Danvers before the revolution and kept a store
in Stroudwater. In 1781 he married Abigail, a daughter of
Charles Frost of Stroudwater; after the war he moved to the
Neck and lived in the Waldo house opposite the old meeting-
house in Congress street, and became an insurance broker ; he
was several years one of the selectmen. He died in May,
1799, aged sixty, leaving one daughter who died about ten
years after him.

Erving, Shirley, a respected and most honorable physician
of our town, was a son and grandson of John Erving of Bos-
ton, merchants. His father married Maria Catherine, young-
est daughter of Gov. William Shirley, from whom the doctor’s
name is derived. His father was a mandamus councilor, a
royalist, and an eminent merchant. Having fled the country,
he was proscribed and his property confiscated. He died in
Bath, England, in 1816, at the age of eighty-nine. His son
Shirley was born in Boston, November 6, 1758, educated at the
Boston Latin School and entered Harvard College in 1773.
But when the war commenced he left college with several of
his classmates, Dr. Bentley, Rev. Dr. Freeman, and Judge
804 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Dawes. He studied medicine with Dr. Lloyd of Boston, and
afterward visited Europe to complete the study of his profes-
sion, and returned to Boston to enter upon its practice. In
the spring of 1789 he moved to Portland where he continued
his practice and connected with it an apothecary establishment,
and also became inspector of pot and pearl ashes, a great arti-
cle of commerce at that period. He returned to Boston in
1811 to the great regret of his fellow-townsmen, to whom he
and his family by their kind, amiable, and honorable deport-
ment, had universally endeared themselves. He died much
lamented, July, 1813. His wife was a daughter of William
Coffin of Boston, by whom he had Frances, born in Boston,
1789, William Shirley, Anne Smith, Thomas Aston, Edward
Shirley, and Henry ; all of whom are dead without issue but
three, Frances married to Rev. Benjamin C. C. Parker in 1828.
Thomas Aston and Edward Shirley, by the latter alone the
name is perpetuated. He married Harriet, daughter of John
Miller of Boston, and had three children, Harriet, married to
William W. Goddard of Boston, Shirley, and Mary. Mrs. Er-
ving, the Dr.’s widow died in Boston, January 19, 1852, aged
ninety-two.

Fox, John, of whom we have spoken on page 582, as the son
of Jabez Fox, was born September 5, 1749; his mother’s
maiden name was Hodge of Newbury, and was the widow of
Phineas Jones, when Mr. Fox married her. On the 23d of
April, 1777, John Fox married Sarah, daughter of Daniel Fox
of Maryland, who chanced to he here to take passage for the
West Indies. She was thus agreeably arrested in transit, and
spent the remainder of her long life in our town. In the nine-
teen years which this union continued, it produced eight chil-
dren, the sons became useful citizens, and the daughters prolific
mothers. They were Mary, born August 3, 1778, dicd January
31,1809. Daniel, born September 15, 1780, married to Eliza-
beth Lewis of Westbrook, by whom he had a large family and
died Apri! 11, 1861. Charles, born May 2, 1782, married first
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 805

to Kunice McLellan in 1805,by whom he had numerous children,
and who died in 1837; second to her sister, Jane McLellan,
who was left a widow, and died in April, 1864. John, born
April 1, 1785, married Lucy Jones Oxnard, daughter of Ed-
ward Oxnard, by whom he had three sons and two daughters,
Edward, Frederick, John, Lucy, and Octavia, he died February
19, 1852. Sarah, born June 10,1787. Caroline, born June
15, 1789, married John Potter of Augusta. George, born
July 7,1791, married a daughter of Archelaus Lewis of West-
brook, and died in Wisconsin, October 12, 1864. Rebecca,
born March 1, 1793, married Thomas Chadwick and has a
large family ; Mr. Chadwick died June 22, 1859. His widow
and Mrs. Potter are the only surviving children. The mother
died April 29, 1826, aged sixty-five, her husband having died
March 16,1795. Mr. Fox was an enterprising merchant and
was descended from distinguished ancestry, having their de-
scent in a direct line from the author of the “Book of Mar-
tyrs,” published in London in 1563. Mr. Fox held many
important offices in Portland, was repeatedly one of the select-
men, was chosen a delegate to the convention in Massachusetts.
which adopted the Constitution of the United States, was the.
first representative from Portland, after its incorporation, to
the General Court, to which he was elected four years. He
was an honored and useful citizen, and his death was deplored.
Mr. Fox inherited and transmitted not only the blood of the
biographer of the martyrs but of Cleeves and Tucker, the first
settlers of Portland, of Thaddeus Clarke, of Michael Mitton,
Edward Tyng, ete.

Freeman, Enoch, an ancient and honored inhabitant of
Portland, came here in 1741. He descended from Samuel Free-
man, who is supposed to have come to this country with Gov.
Winthrop in 1630; it is certain that he was here as early as
that year. He settled at Watertown, but subsequently re-
turned to England and dicd there, leaving two sons, Henry
and Samuel. His widow in 1644 married Gov. Thomas Prince
806 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of Plymouth, and settled at Eastham with her son Samuel.
The branch of Henry ended with his grandson Samuel of Bos-
ton, who died unmarried; his father, James, having been a
brewer in that town. Our townsman Enoch was the eighth
son and ninth child of Samuel Freeman of Eastham, and great
grandson of the first Samuel who came over. He was born
May 19,1706, and having graduated at Harvard College in
1729, he entered the counting-room of Mr. Hall in Boston, as
a clerk in the commission business. In 1732 he became a part-
ner. His business led him often to Maine, which resulted in
his permanent establishment here in 1741. He was a man of
great energy of character, ambitious, enterprising, and a use-
ful and respected townsman ; he and his eldest son, Samuel,
for near a handred years exercised a controlling influence in
the affairs of the town and county.

On his removal to this place he engaged in commercial busi-
ness; in 1742 he received a military commission from Gov.
Shirley, and in 1746 was appointed major of the second regi-
ment of militiain Maine. In 1748 he was appointed justice
of the peace, and commanding officer of the forces on the east-
ern frontier, in 1749 naval officer, and in 1750 deputy collector
of this port. in 1748 he was chosen representative, and was
re-elected in subsequent years, and in 1774 was chosen a mem-
ber of the council, but was negatived by the Governor for his
firm adherence to whig principles. On the division of the
county in 1760, he was placed on the bench of the Common .
Pleas, which office he held until about two months before his
death ; the same year he was chosen by the people register of
deeds, and continued in the office twenty-eight years to the
time of his death. In 1770 he succeeded Samuel Waldo as
judge of probate, which office he held until he was disqualified
by the constitution, holding at that time the office of register
of deeds. He filled at one time the offices of judge of the
common pleas, judge of probate, register of deeds, colonel of
the regiment, selectman, and representative to the General
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. S07

Court; a multiplication of offices which shows that he possessed
the confidence of the public. He was a man of proud bearing
and severe manners, which were more suited to the age in
which he lived than in that which followed. August 31, 1742,
he married Mary Wright of Eastham, by whom he had seven
children, viz., Samuel, born June 26, 1743; James, born Sep-
tember !, 1744, died wnmarried 1771; Mary, born June 1,
1746, died October 22, 1750; William, born November 13,
1747, drowned June 6,1765; Enoch, born September 4, 1750 ;
Mary, born January 12, 1752, married Thomas Child in 1772,
and died in Boston 1832; Lathrop, born March 27, 1753, died
April 26,1753. None of the large families of himself and son
Samuel now reside here, and his blood and name are only
transmitted by the children of his sons Samuel and Enoch.
He lived first in a house on Congress, a little cast of Wilmot
street, where his first three children were born. In 1749 he
built a house on Middle street nearly opposite the second par-
ish meeting-house, which was destroyed in Mowatt’s attack on
the town in 1775, and was rebuilt after the war and occupied
by his son Samuel to the time of his death in 1831. It is now
a boarding-house kept by George 8S. Hay, No. 49 Middle
street. He died September 2, 1788, aged eighty-two.

Mr. Freeman was a man of sanguine and ardent tempera-
ment, and although the long exercise of office made him some-
what arrogant and overbearing, he was a man of great integ-
rity and moral worth, and faithful and prompt in the discharge
of the duties of the numerous offices, with which he was in-
trusted.

Of his son Samuel I have spoken at large in another place.
His son Enoch early moved to Saccarappa and engaged in lum-
bering and farming. In September, 1787, he married Mehita-
ble Cushing, by whom he had six children, viz., Abigail born
July 7, 1788, married Daniel Babb ; Enoch, born July 14,
1790; Nathaniel, born July, 1792; Mary, born July 21,1796 ;
~ Sarah, born October 27, 1797, died 1814 ; James born May 29,
808 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1800. He died in Westbrook in 1832, aged eighty-two, the
same age at which his father and grandfather died.

Freeman, Joshua, was another descendant of Samuel of
Watertown. fe came here from Plymouth or Barnstable
prior to 1740. September 4th of that year, he purchased of
James Milk the lot on the corner of Exchange and Middle
streets, three rods nineteen links on Middle street and four-
teen rods deep, for which he paid eighty pounds old tenor,
equal to ninety dollars in coin, and built upon it a two-story
wooden house which was removed a few years ago by James
Decring to make room for the block of brick stores now stand-
‘ing on the lot. It was burnt in 1860, then being on Washing-
ton street. Mr. Freeman lived and kept a store and tavern in
the house. The estate afterward became the property of John
Tyng, who sold it to John Fox for four hundred pounds, who
subsequently conveyed it to Nathaniel Deering; it was suc-
cessively occupied by Mr. Fox, Nathaniel Deering, and his son
James. This valuable estate now belongs to the heirs of
James Deering. Mr. Freeman was a large, fleshy man, and by
way of distinction bore the name of ‘‘Fat Freeman.” He died
September 80, 1770, and his wife the year before. His wife
was Patience Rogers, daughter of Dr. Daniel Rogers of Ipswich,
by his wife, Sarah Appleton. They were married September
17, 1728, and he was then called of Plymouth. Their son
George, born in 1739, died in Standish in 1831. His eldest
son, Joshua, born in 17380, has transmitted the name and fam-
ily through numerous branches in the city and State. In 1750
he married Lois the youngest daughter of Moses Pearson, and
had by her the following eleven children, viz., Sarah, born Jan-
uary 4,1751; Mary, born July 22,1755; Daniel, November
30, 1757; Lois, February 18, 1760; Eunice, January 19, 1762;
Joshua, October 2, 1763 ; Moses, December 20, 1765; Samuel,
October 8, 1767; Pearson, February 4, 1770; Jeremiah, April
1, 1772; Thomas, December 30, 1774; Dummer, June 2, 1779.
Mr. Freeman was married when he was twenty years old, and ~
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 809

according to his own account he must have been something of
afopin his younger days. He described to Isaac IIsley the
dress he wore when he went a courting in 1750; he said he
wore a full bottomed wig, a cocked hat, scarlet cloak and
breeches, white vest and stockings, shoes with buckles, and two
watches, one on each side. Mr. Freeman owned and occupied
the farm at Back Cove adjoining the Deering farm, and now
owned by Jeremiah Dow. He died there November 11, 1796;
his widow died at the age of eighty, March 21,1815. His
eldest son, Daniel, on January 15, 1789, married Sarah, a
granddaughter of William Weeks, an old inhabitant, and sis-
ter of Major Lemuel Weeks, and had issue; Sarah, the eldest
daughter, died unmarried, April 5, 1805. Lois married Jo-
seph Weeks, a son of Lemuel and grandson of William, Novem-
ber 25,1784, and had Joseph, August 1, 1785; Eunice, January
17, 1787 ; Daniel, September 3, 1788; Mary, June 11,1791,
died 1799; and Joshua Freeman, December 10, 1793. She
died in January, 1829; her husband died in 1797. The eld-
est son, Joseph, having followed the sea for more than half a
century, now lives, unmarried, in the family of his younger
brother Joshua, who with buoyant spirits, still pursues with en-
ergy the active duties of life. Jeremiah, the third son of Joshua,
was also a sea captain; he married Lydia a daughter of Wat-
son Crosby, and sister of Mrs. Lemuel Moody, and had two
children, viz., George, who died unmarried, at the age of
twenty-four, and a daughter, Eunice, born in 1797, and now
living here unmarried. Thomas, seventh son of Joshua, born
in 1774, was the last surviving child ; he was a trader and an
honest one, and was many years deacon of the First Parish.
He died October 27, 1847, much respected, leaving by his wife,
Mary Mayberry, an only son, Daniel, who, as a most faithful
and honest mechanic, is diligently pursuing the daily duties
of his calling.

Frost, Charles, came here from Newcastle, N. H., previous to

52
810 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

1740, as aclerk to Col. Westbrook. He was the third son and
fourth child of the Hon. John Frost, by his wife Mary, the eld-
est sister of Sir William Pepperrell, and was born in Kittery,
August 27,1710. The family was one of great respectability
in early provincial days. He married Hannah Jackson of Kit-
tery in 1738, by whom he had Abigail, married to Daniel Epes,
William, who died single in 1791, Jane, Andrew Pepperell, and
Charles, born in 1755. He lived on the hill this side of Stroud-
water bridge, and was a man of respectability, influence, and
property in town for many years; he was a representative at
the time of his death, which took place January 4, 1756.

Gookin, Simon and Samuel, were brothers, and the sons of
Rev. Nathaniel Gookin of Hampton, N. H., the grandson of
Daniel Gookin, who was born in Kent, England, and came to
Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1644. Simon married Prudence
Isley, a daughter of Isaac Ilsley, in 1742; he was a joiner
and lived on the court that went up from Middle street near
where Exchange street now is; he owned the land which he
exchanged with John Fox for land in other parts of the town.
This valuable tract is now in possession of the heirs of Mr. Fox.
The house was moved to the corner of Elm and Congress streets
and was burnt in the destructive fire of 1852. It had been
successively occupied by Thomas B. Wait, Dr. Kinsman, Dr.
Cummings, W. B. Norton, etc. He died in 1782, leaving
three children, John, Abigail, married to Micah Sampson, and
Dorothy. Samuel married Sarah Haskell in 1754, and died
in 1804, aged seventy-five. His widow died the same month
aged seventy.

Hall, Stephen, was son of Rev. Willard Hall of Westford,
Massachusetts, and was born there May 28, 1743; his mother
was Abigail Cotton of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He de-
scended from John Hall of Concord, 1658, who afterward set-
tled in Medford, through Stephen, born 1670, and Willard, H.
College, 1722, who died in 1779. Stephen graduated at Har-
vard College in 1765, was educated for the ministry and oc-
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 811

casionally preached, but was never settled. He was a tutor
and one of the Fellows of Harvard College from 1772 to 1778.
He came here a visitor in December, 1772, and preached for
Dr. Deane, and again in August, 1773. He was probably re-
lated to Deacon William Cotton through Abigail his mother,
who may have been William’s sister, and this no doubt led him
to Portland. In 1778 he married Mary, daughter of William
Cotton and widow of Moses Holt, Jr., who died in 1772, and
came here tolive. By herhe had John H., January 21, 1781;
Mary, Dec. 13,1783; William Augustus, October 6, 1785; Wil-
lard, June 5, 1788; and Martha Cotton, July 26,1792. He lost
two children ininfancy. Neither of his daughters was marvied.
The youngest and the last survivor of the family died Novem-
ber 26, 1847, having generously bequeathed her whole estate,
amounting to six thousand dollars, to benevolent objects in her
native city. None of the family have since resided here. He
died September 13, 1795, at the age of fifty-two, and his widow
died July 27, 1808, aged fifty-four. Their son, John H., in-
vented an important improvement in the rifle, and was twenty
years in the service of the government at Harper’s Ferry, where
he died in 1841. He left a family which was quite distin-
guished. His son, Willard P., was a representative in Congress
from Missouri from 1847 to 1853. Mr. Hall was avery promi-
nent actor in the affairs of the town during the seventeen years
he resided here. He was a man of ardent and sanguine tem-
perament, and engaged earnestly in the political questions of
the day. He was particularly active on the subject of separa-
tion of the State, and wrote and spoke in favor of it. He was
a delegate to several of the conventions held on the subject and
on committees. He was one year a selectman, and a repre-
sentative to the General Court in 1780 and 1781. He was
chiefly occupied in carrying on the large tannery, between
Free and Fore streets, which descended to his wife from her
father.

There was another Hall family came here among the early
812 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

settlers, whose ancestor, Hate Evil, was born in Dover, N. H.,
in 1707. He married Sarah Furbish of Kittery and established
himself in Falmouth. He died November 28, 1797, aged nine-
ty, leaving four hundred and seventy-five descendants. He
had thirteen children, ten sons and three daughters, by whom
the blood and name are scattered far and wide through our
State and beyond it. His daughter Dorothy married George
Leighton and had six sons and two daughters. His daughter
Mercy married Joseph Leighton and had five sons and six
daughters. Abigail married Isaac Allen and had four daugh-
ters and three sons. His sons were Daniel, Hate Evil, Ebene-
zer, William, John, Jedediah, Andrew, Nicholas, Paul, and
Silas, who all married and whose names are recognized among
their numerous descendants. Ebenezer was admitted an in-
habitant in 1728; he had a house lot on Middle street; he
married Hannah Anderson, and moved eastward.

The other sons were Daniel, who married Lorana Winslow,
and had eight children, four sons and four daughters. Hate
Evil married, first, Ruth Winslow, second, Ann Jenkins, and
had seven sons and six daughters. William married, first,
Betsey Cox, second, Elizabeth Wilson, and had five sons and
four daughters. John married Grace Sprague and had nine
daughters and six sons. Jedediah married, first, Hannah Hus-
sey, second, Elizabeth Clough, and had six sons and five daugh-
ters. Andrew married Jane Merrill and had five sons and
three daughters. Nicholas married, first, Experience Stone,
second, Emma Sawyer, and had six sons and four daughters.
Paul married, first, Sarah Neal, second, Keziah Hanson, and
had five sons and five daughters. Silas married, first, Mary
Gould, second, Hannah Neal, and had seven sons and eight
daughters.

Such an example of fertility in marriage, of every member
of a very large family, and many of them twice married, has
rarely, if ever, been paralleled. The names presented, are
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 813

many of them transmitted and are now familiar in our own
city—Paul, Winslow, Neal, Silas, Ebenezer, William, etc.

Daniel, the eldest son, was born in Dover, March 24, 1735,
married Lorana Winslow in 1757; his eldest son, Winslow,
was born September 7, 1758. He died December 18, 1785, and
his widow August 14, 1798.

Llsley, Isaac, of whom I have spoken on page 418, the ances-
tor of most of those among us who bear the name, left four
sons and one daughter. Isaac, the eldest son, was born in
Newbury; in 1751 he married Mary Bradbury, a daughter of
Rowland Bradbury, by whom he had Mary, born 1752, mar
ried to George Warren in 1780, and died April 7, 1832; Joshua,
born in 1755, died in 1830; Abigail, born in 1756, married
Samuel Motley, and died in 1833; Sally, born in 1758, died in
May, 1846; Nancy, born in 1762, died in October, 1843 ; Isaac,
born in 1764, died in 1778; Betsey, born in 1766, married
Daniel Mountfort, and is dead; John, born in 1767, died at
sea. Mr. Ilsley became insane at the beginning of the revolu-
tion and lived with his brother Enoch at Stroudwater.

Enoch, the second son of Isaac, was born in 1730, probably
at Newbury, and was brought up to his father’s trade of a joiner.
It was while he was at work in Andover, Massachusetts, that
he made the acquaintance of Mary Parker, and married her
in 1753. By her he had all his children, viz., Betty, born
October 6, 1754, married first, Pearson Jones, November 26,
1771, by whom she had several children, and for her second
husband, Samuel Freeman, February 7, 1786, by whom she
had a large family; she died in March, 1831. Dorcas, born
May 30, 1759, married Ebenezer Preble, son of the Brigadier,
October 7,1781, and died February 20, 1784, leaving one son,
Edward, who died in France in 1802 ; Enoch, lost at sea ; Fer-
dinand died young of consumption; Charlotte married Ste-
phen McLellan, October 30, 1787; Almira, married to James
Deering, March 9, 1789, by whom she had a large family, as I
have recorded elsewhere. Parker married Eliza Smith, Jan-
814 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

uary 15, 1795, and left a family of whom Mrs Abiel Tinkham,
and our townsman, Charles P. Ilsley, are living representatives.
Hannah, the second wife of Stephen McLellan, taking the
place of her deceased sister, and married in 1803. Augusta,
the youngest, married her cousin, Isaac Ilsley, by whom she
had several children, one of whom only, Emily, the wife of
Nathan Cummings, survives.

Mr. Ilsley’s second wife was Elizabeth Harper, sister of Capt.
William Harper, to whom he was married in 1788; his third
wife was Abigail Barstow, who died in 1842, aged eighty-eight.
He died November, 1811, having for many years taken an ac-
tive part in the affairs of the town and filled important offices,
as selectman, and town treasurer, fifteen years. He lived on
the corner of India and Middle strects in a house built by him,
which is still standing. He was one of the largest owners of real
estate in town toward the close-of the last century, and one
of the largest sufferers. by the destruction of the town in 1775.

Jonathan, the third son of Isaac Ilsley, was born in 1788,
and died in May, 1809. October 18, 1764, he married Dorcas,
a daughter of Nathaniel Ingersoll, who lived on Center strect,
where it now crosses Free street; their children were Mary,
born July 22, 1765, died November 29, 1824; Clarissa, born
January 2, 1767; Joan, born February 14, 1769, died Decem-
ber, 1840; Olive, born February 25, 1772, died January, 1790;
Dorcas, July 26, 1775, died August 7, 1842; Joshua, born
August 28, 1778, died February 25, 1827; Nathaniel, March
10, 1781, a joiner in Portland; Jonathan, born April 15, 1783,
died December, 1783; Enoch, born October 22, 1785, dead.

Daniel, fourth son of Isaac Isley, was born in 1740, and in
1762, he married Mary, the second daughter of Ephraim Jones,
by whom he had the following children, viz., Daniel, born
May 21, 1763, died December, 1787 ; Isaac, born March, 1765,
married Augusta Ilsley, and died in October, 1853; George,
born January 8, 1767, diedin 1886; William, born November
16,1768, died September 12,1805; Robert, born December
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 815

18, 1772, died April 9, 1829; Judith, born November 18, 1770,
died October 12, 1774; Charlotte, born February 28, 1775,
married Jonathan Andrews, 180L; Stephen, born September
26, 1777, died 1794; Henry, born June 25, 1779, married
Elizabeth McLellan, October 29, 1805, and are both dead.
There is no survivor of Daniel’s children.

Mr. Ilsley was by occupation a distiller, which he pursued
before and after the revolution. He kept the jail when it stood
on the site of the old City Hall. He was a delegate to the
convention of Massachusetts which adopted the National con-
stitution, one of the selectmen, representative to the General
Court in 1793 and 1794, with Daniel Davis, and in 1806 was
chosen a representative in Congress from this district as suc-
cessor to Gen. Wadsworth. He died in 1813. He lived after
the revolution on his father's farm at Back Cove; he afterward
moved to town and lived on Court street. His sons, Isaac,
Robert, and Henry, were prominent men in the early part of
the century. Robert and Isaac were active politicians. Rob-
ert was postmaster several years; he was twice married but
left no issue. Isaac succeeded Enoch Freeman as register of
deeds in 1790, and held the office fourteen years; in 1801 he
was appointed collector of the port, by Mr. Jefferson, and re-
tained the office until 1829. He was a very accurate and
faithful public officer. In 1802 he built the brick house on
Spring street, now occupied by his only surviving child, Mrs.
Nathan Cummings.

Jones, Phineas, was one of the most active and enterprising
of our early settlers. He was the eldest son of Nathaniel

-Jones, who was the grandson of Josiah who came from Eng-
land and settled in Weston, Massachusetts, about 1665. He
was born in Weston, in 1705, and came to Falmouth about
1730. Ho lived in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1726, and soon
after moved to North Yarmouth, where he remained two or
three years, when he established himself upon the Neck, being
but twenty-four or twenty-five years old. His father, Nathan-
816 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

iel Jones, moved here about the same time. They had both
speculated largely in purchasing the titles of ancient settlers,
and were deeply interested in establishing their claims. He
sold many of his old titles to Samuel Waldo in 1734. In 1738
he purchased of Benjamin Ingersoll, for four hundred and
eighty pounds, a tract containing four acres, bounded east by
Exchange street, south by Fore street, north by Middle street,
and extending west until the four acres should be completed,
with the house and barn which stood about half way down Ex-
change street, and the flats in front of the land. Mr. Jones,
to improve the value of his purchase, in 1742, opened Plum
street through it. His flattering prospects were, however, ter-
minated by his untimely death in 1748, in the thirty-eighth
year of his age. He had been selectman and representative
from the town, and engaged in all the measures of public im-
provement during his brief residence here. Stephen and Jabez
Jones were his brothers, and the late John Coffin Jones of
Boston, and Ephraim Jones of our town were his cousins. He
married Ann Hodge of Newbury, by whom he had three
daughters, who were all married in 1758, Lucy to Thomas
Smith, son of our minister, Hannah to Col. John Waite, and
Ann to Richard Codman. The eidest, after the death of her
first husband, Mr. Smith, married first, Richard Derby of Sa-
lem, in 1758, and afterward Judge Benjamin Greenleaf of
Newburyport. His widow married Jabez Fox, and died June
9, 1758: his father died in January, 1746 ; his brother Stephen
was killed at Menis, in Nova Scotia, in 1747. His daughter
Ann (Codman) died in 1761, leaving two children, Richard
and Ann; the latter married James Fosdick, two of whose.
daughters and a grandson, Richard C. Fosdick, are living in
Portland. The daughter Hannah had a numerous family by
Col. Waite, as is elsewhere mentioned in this work. Lucy left
no children by either of her husbands.

Jones, Ephraim, was born in Weston, Massachusetts, Decem-
ber 10, 1712, O.S., a descendant of Josiah Weston, who set-
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 817

tled there about 1665. His wife Mary, eldest daughter of Moses
Pearson of Falmouth, to whom he was married in March, 1739,
was born in Newbury, December 4, 1720. By her he had three
sons and six daughters, all of whom were respectably married,
viz., Sarah, born January 7, 1740, married Theophilus Brad.
bury, August 26,1762. He was a member of Congress and
judge of the Supreme Court; he died in 1803 at Newburyport,
leaving issue. Mary, born April 5, 1742, married Daniel IIs-
ley, 1762; Elizabeth, born February 10, 1744, married Timo-
thy Pike, October 18, 1774; Pearson, born July 16, 1747, mar-
ried Betty Isley, November 26, 1771; Ephraim, born May 27,
1749, married Philbrook of Standish ; William, born June 17,
1751, became a farmer in Standish; Abigail, born March 10,
1753, died in 1759; Eunice, born December 25, 1754, married
to Joseph Titcomb, 1783; Anne, born June 17, 1757, married
to Enoch Titcomb of Newburyport, 1772; Abigail, born June
11, 1759, married Nathaniel F. Fosdick, 1784. Abigail, the
last survivor, died in Boston, April 5, 1851, aged ninety-one
years and ten months.

He died December 16, 1783, in the seventy-first year of his
age, his wife died in 1775. Mr. Jones, in connection with
James Milk, purchased two acres of land adjoining on the east
side of Exchange street, extending from Middle street to low
water mark. Mr. Milk took the western, and Mr. Jones the
castern part, and both built houses upon their lots, having
large gardens and orchards in the rear. Their houses stood
upon the bank of the river, having an unobstructed view of the
harbor. In a memorandum in my possession, he says he
bought this land of Lindall and others. And in 1755, he
says, “I own fourteen acres on Munjoy’s Neck.”

Larrabee, Benjamin, one of the earliest settlers in the revi-
val of the town, has been noticed in a previous page. He was
born in 1666; his father was one of the early settlers of North
Yarmouth, and was killed there by the Indians in the war of
1689. He had two brothers who lived in North Yarmouth,
818 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

named Samuel and Thomas, upon whose estates he adminis-
tered in 1727. He built his house on the spot which Albert
Newhall’s house now occupies, corner of Middle and Pearl
streets, and which, with the land, he sold to John Oulton, Esq.,
of Marblehead, in 1729. Oulton died seized of it in 1748, and
his heirs sold it in parcels. Larrabee died in 1733, aged sixty-
seven. His wife, Deborah Ingersoll, daughter of John Inger-
soll, was born in 1668.

His son Benjamin was born in 1700, and about 1730 married
Amy Pride of Back Cove, by whom he had Elizabeth, born in
1732, married to John Webb in 1758, and died in 1827, aged
ninety-five; Benjamin born 1735, died in 1809; Mary, 1737,
married to Thomas Tuckfield; John; Abigail, born in 1747,
unmarried; Anna, born 1751, married David Ross; Sarah
never married; William, who died young. He was active in
the affairs of the town and received several valuable grants
upon the Neck. He built a one-story house in the woods,
where Federal now joins Middle street, which was considered
to be quite out of town; there were but two houses above it
on the Neck, one of which was Knapp’s, which stood, where
Casco street enters into Congress street, the other was Joshua
Brackett’s opposite the head of High street. He owned the
whole tract on which this house stood, extending to the junc-
tion of Congress and Middle streets. He died in 1784. His
son, Benjamin, married Sarah, a daughter of Joshua Brackett,
and inherited a large property adjoining Green street. The
name is still transmitted, and Benjamin Larrabee of this town
is the great-great-grandson of the first of the family who settled
here.

Lowell. This family came from Amesbury, in Massachu-
setts; they originated in Bristol, England; Percival, with two
sons, John and Richard, emigrated about 1639. In 1728, Gid-
eon Lowell purchased Adam Mariner’s right in the common
lands in this town; and lots were laid out to him in 1729; he
never moved here himself, but his son, Abner, born in New-
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 819

bury in 1711, established himself upon Clark’s Point, on the
flat land south of the road, and in 1737 married Lydia Puring-
ton ; his son, Abner, was born there in January, 1741. He and
a boy were the only persons who escaped in an attack upon
Pemaquid Fort in 1747, severely wounded. See ante page
422. His son Abner married Mercy Paine in 1765, daughter of
Jonathan Paine, by whom he had eight children; he died in
1828 at the advanced age of eighty-seven. ‘The children of
the second Abner, were Daniel, William, Enoch, John, and
four daughters. Daniel and William were shipmasters, and
John was a mason, born August 4, 1736, married Sally Adams ;
he was killed at Saco in 1825, at the age of forty-four, while
employed in erecting a monument. His son Abner, the part-
ner of William Senter, well represents his father and the name.
Capt. William married Betsey Noyes, a daughter of Joseph
Noyes, Nov. 28,1801, and had several children. Enoch was a
joiner, and lived in the house standing on the corner of Federal
and Church streets, now occupied by some of his daughters. He
died about 1832, leaving several children. One of his daugh-
ters married Capt. Alexander Hubbs, another, Simeon Hall, a
third, Moses G. Dow, and two remain single. He also had
three sons, who followed the sea, and are dead. Daniel, third
son of Abner, born February 19, 1775, died December 22,
1801, at the age of thirty-one, leaving a widow and three chil-
dren, viz., Daniel, Charles, and Jane. His widow married Ste-
phen Patten. Jane married George Gardner. Abner’s chil-
dren were born as follows, viz., Enoch, December 27, 1765 ;
Mary, March 14,1768; William, June 11,1770; Sally, August
7, 1772; Daniel, February 19, 1775; Betsey, May 10, 1777;
‘Eunice, October 22, 1779; Ann, January 27, 1782; John,
August 4, 1786. Eunice died unmarried at the age of seven-
teen; Sarah married Moses Hanson of Windham, and left a
family.
Lunt, James, descended from Henry who came from Eng-
land to Newbury in 1635. The precise time that James came
820 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

to Falmouth, I do not know. He married Hannah, a daughter
of Joseph Noyes in 1743. He lived on India street before the
revolution, on the spot now occupied by Gen. Fessenden’s house,
and sold the property to Dr. Coffin. He had four sons, viz.,
Amos, who moved to Brunswick and died there, leaving no chil-
dren; Benjamin, who married Mary Brackett, and settled on
his father’s homestead in Falmouth ; he had fourteen children,
nine daughters and five sons, who all lived to be married: Col.
James, born in 1750, married Eunice, a daughter of Josiah
Noyes, February 14, 1782, and died childless, August 21, 1800.
He owned and lived in a house on the corner of Congress and
Franklin streets, now occupied by the new brick house of John
E. Donnell. Joseph married Jane Noyes, daughter of Peter
Noyes, and left one son, Peter.

McLellan, Bryce and Hugh. The ancestors of all of the
name in this part of the country, came here from Ireland about
1730. Bryce had a daughter Susannah, born in this town in
March, 1731; he married Eliza Miller for a second wife, in
1741, and by both his wives had a numerous family. He was
a weaver by trade, but did not follow his trade much in this
town; he lived on Fore near the foot of High street in a
house which is still standing. He died in 1776. Joseph,
William, and Alexander were his sons. William, who died in
1815, aged seventy-nine, was a shipmaster, and grandfather of
the present mayor of Portland. He left one son, Capt. Will-
iam, and two daughters, Mrs. Wm. Merrill and Mrs. Royal
Lincoln. Joseph died about the same time, aged eighty-seven,
and Alexander about the close of the revolutionary war ; poster-
ity of all of them survive. Alexander was two years old when
his father left Ireland; he married Ann Ross in 1743, and
lived in Cape Elizabeth; Capt. Arthur McLellan was the fourth
child of Alexander. Hugh McLellan came here soon after
Bryce, from the county of Antrim, with his wife Elizabeth and
infant son, William, who was born in 1733; he came with one
horse, upon which he brought his whole estate. He lived a
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 821

short time on Moses Pearson’s farm at Back Cove, and then
moved to Gorham, where he was among the first settlers and
lived for a long time in a log house. By industry and frugal-
ity he became independent, and before the revolution built the
first brick house that was attempted in this part of the coun-
try, which is still standing. He had several children, among
whom were William, Cary, Alexander, Thomas, and Mary
married to Joseph, a son of Bryce McLellan in 1756. By him
she had Joseph, Hugh, Stephen, and Eunice, married to Rev.
Elijah Kellogg in 1792. Hugh married Abigail, a daughter
of the Rev. Thomas Browne of Falmouth, and had a large
family ; Stephen married Charlotte and Hannah, two daugh-
ters of Enoch Isley, and left two daughters. Joseph and his
two sons, Hugh and Stephen, were in trade together on Con-
gress street, where Blake’s bakery is, toward the close of the
last century, but Joseph and Hugh transferred their business
to Union wharf, where they largely engaged in foreign com-
merce. Stephen moved to Exchange street, where with Wm.
Browne he did a large importing business. The son, Joseph,
lived first in Gray and then in Brunswick, where he died ; he
was a trader, and at one time a postmaster. Mary, another
daughter of the first Joseph McLellan, married Deacon James
Jewett in 1785, and having had three sons and three daugh-
ters, died September 20, 1799, aged thirty-four; a third
daughter married Capt. Joshua Stone. Major Hugh McLellan
died in 1822, aged sixty-four, and Stephen in 1823, aged fifty.
Hugh’s wife died July 9, 1804, aged ninety-eight. The ven-
erable pair were much respected by the community in which
they lived. Bryce and Hugh are ancestors of all of the name
in this part of the country, and were not at all or very remotely
connected.

Moody, Enoch, is of a different branch of the family from
which Maj. Moody before noticed sprung, but descended from
William, the common ancestor ; he came from Newbury where
all the name originated in 1738. In 1739 he married Dorcas
822 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Cox, a daughter of Josiah Cox of this town, who died in 1743, |
aged twenty-two; in 1750 he married Ann Weeks, a daughter —
of William Weeks, by whom he had Enoch, born 1751; Benja-
min, born 1753; William, 1756; Nathaniel, 1758; Dorcas,
1764; Lemuel, 1767; Samuel, 1769; Anne, 1773; his wife
died in 1795 aged sixty-two. The oldest house now standing
in town was built by him in 1740; this is on the corner of
Franklin and Congress streets, and was occupied by him until
his death, and is now in possession of his heirs. He owned a
large tract of land at that place, extending from Congress street
to Back Cove. He died in 1777, aged sixty-three. He was
selectman of the town three years, and in the early stages of the
revolution he was placed on important committees and took an
active part in the proceedings of that period. He was the
fourth in descent from William Moody, who came to Newbury in
1632, and was his great-grandfather: } William, * Caleb, *Joshua,
4Enoch, who was the youngest son of Joshua, born December
23,1718. Enoch, his eldest son, died unmarried, December
19, 1812; Benjamin, married Sally Richards, 1786, and died
May 8, 1816, aged sixty-two, leaving two children, Lemuel
and Polly. William married, first, Mary Young, 1783, second, |
Rachel Riggs, in 1804, he had two sons by his first wife,
Enoch and William, and a daughter, Nancy; by his second
wife a son, Edward. Nathaniel married Jane Little, 1793,
and died without issue, May 7, 1815. Lemuel married Em-
ma, a daughter of Watson Crosby, 1797, and had seven sons
and three daughters, viz., George, George, Henry Watson,
Henry Watson, John Watson, Enoch, Franklin, Emma, Dor-
cas, and Dorcas; of the sons, Enoch and Franklin only
survive. Dorcas married Dr. Albus Rea and is living. Sam-
uel, the fifth son of Enoch, married Mary Simpson, 1795,
and had three sons and two daughters ; Charles who trades in
Congress street is his eldest son. Dorcas, Enoch’s daughter,
died unmarried. Nancy, the eighth child, married William
Webb in 1799, and had William, Ann, Mary Elizabeth, and
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 823

Ann Weeks. The name among us, is principally preserved
here in the Enoch branch of the family. Capt. Lemuel, born
in 1767, was an able shipmaster and a valuable citizen. He
felt a deep interest not only in the family circle, but in all
that related to the town. He was the prime mover and prin-
cipal proprietor in the observatory which was erected in 1807,
and of which he had the charge during the remainder of his
life; he kept signals of all vessels arriving, and a daily rec-
ord of the weather, to which recourse is often had for compar-
ison and information. In 1825 he published a chart of Casco
Bay, with the islands and harbors from Saco river to the mouth
of the Kennebec, principally from the surveys of Des Barres,
with corrections and additions, a most useful publication.
He died in August, 1846.

Motley, John, came from Belfast, Ireland, and settled here’
previous to 1738; in that year he married Mary Roberts, by
whom he had three sons and one daughter, John, Richard,
Ann, and Thomas. By a second wife, Lydia Libby, whom he
married in 1754, he had Alexander, Samuel, William, Jacob,
John, and Mary. His widow married John Blake in 1786,
and died at a very advanced age in this city in 1824. His
daughter, Ann, married Daniel Marble in 1772; John and
Richard died unmarried ; Thomas married Emma, a daughter
of the elder John Waite, and was the father of Robert, Rich-
ard, George, Henry, Thomas, Edward, and Charles, all of
whom are dead, but Charles. John was a joiner by trade, and
worked upon the old meeting-house; he also built a gambrel-
roofed house which stood where Casco street enters Congress
street, and lived there till his death, which took place in 1764,
when he was sixty-four years old. His son Thomas for many
years kept the principal tavern in this town in Congress street,
just below the new Mechanics Hall which was burnt August 11,
1848. The widow of the second Thomas died in 1830, aged
eighty-four; of her children only Robert and Thomas left issue.
Richard married Sally, a daughter of Lemuel Weeks, in 1805;
824 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Thomas was born in September, 1781, and died in Boston, the
last survivor but Charles, April 28, 1864. He married a daugh-
ter of the Rev. Dr. Lathrop of Boston, by whom he had several
sons and daughters; one of the sons, named from his grand-
father, John Lathrop, has illustrated the name and family by
his distinguished historical works. Thomas and Edward, who
was never married, were for many years partners in a large
and profitable commission business in Boston, by which they ac-
cumulated a handsome fortune. Thomas was frequently called
by the citizens of Boston to offices of honor and trust. Alex-
ander Motley, a son of Juhn by his second wife, married Mary
Waite in 1786, and died in 1803. Robert, eldest son of Thomas,
married two daughters of his uncle Daniel Marble; he left
three children, of whom one son, George, and one daughter
married to Rev. Joseph Bartlett of Buxton survive.

Mayo, Ebenezer, came here from Boston, and was a respect-
able merchant before the revolution; he lived on the corner of
Newbury, now Sumner, and India streets, and was a severe suf-
ferer by the destruction of the town. He died of palsy soon
after the war. By his wife Apphia, he had three children, Sim-
eon, born December 31, 1745; Ruth, March 13. 1755, and Hb-
enezer, March 29,1764; Simeon left a number of children,
none of whom live among us; Ruth never was married. Eb-
enezer married, first, Polly Foster, a daughter of Dr. Coffin, in
1792, for his second wife, Jane Browne, in 1795, third, Cath-
arine, a daughter of Deacon Codman, in 1811. He died in
1840, poor. None of the family remain here.

Mountfort, Edmund, the first of the name who came to Fal-
mouth, was a grandson of Edmund, who arrived in Boston
from England, in the ship Providence, with his brother Henry,
in 1656. They were merchants in independent standing, and
derived their origin from a Norman family which accompanied
William the Conquerer to England. Their coat of arms cor-
responds with that of Hugo de Mountfort who commanded the
cavalry of William at the battle of Hastings in 1066. They
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 825

came from Beamhurst in Stafford county, and claim descent
from Simon de Mountfort, Earl of Leicester. His grand-
father married Elizabeth, a daughter of John Farnham of Bos-
ton, in 1663, by whom he had six sons and two daughters.
Our Edmund’s father was the eldest son, born July 11, 1664,
and died about 1700, leaving his wife, Elizabeth, and two chil-
dren, Edmund and Elizabeth. “His widow married William
Shepreeve of Boston in 1703. Edmund, as were his predeces-
sors of the same name, was educated a merchant, and in 1718
was an agent of Adam Winthrop, Oliver Noyes, and others,
proprietors of the Pejepscot claim, in establishing a settlement
at Cape Small Point, near the mouth of Kennebec river, which
was named Augusta. This was overthrown in the Indian war
of 1722, and Mountfort returned to Boston ; where he was re-
siding in 1726, when he purchased a portion of Munjoy’s hill
in this town, and is styled in the deed, “of Boston, merchant.”
He established himself here the next year, and had been before,
for in April, 1728, the town voted “that Mr. Edmund Mountfort
should come into town, on the town’s former promise to him.”
He was here in 1724 as paymaster of the troops. Soon after his
settlement in town, he married Mary, the only daughter of
Major Samuel Moody, by whom he had two sons and two
daughters, viz., Elizabeth, born December 25, 1729, who died
unmarried in Westbrook, December 31, 1819, aged ninety
years; Edmund, born February 16, 1732; Esther, who mar-
ried Gershom Rogers in 1755, and died at the age of twenty-
eight, immediately after the birth of her only child, Esther ;
and Samuel, born June 19, 1737; he married at the age of sev-
enty and died in 1820, without issue. Edmund, the son, had
six sons and two daughters, viz., Samuel, Daniel, Edmund and
Joshua (twins), John, Richard, Mary, and Esther ; he died in
1806, aged seventy. All of the name in this part of the country
descended from him, and they are numerous; his son Daniel
had twelve children, Edmund, seven, Joshua, nine, John, seven,
58
826 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Richard, nine. Esther, daughter of the second Edmund, born
in February, 1759, married John Proctor and lived in West-
brook, where she died August 26, 1848, aged eighty-nine years
and seven months. Esther Rogers, daughter of the first Esther,
married Somers Shattuck, and was the mother of eight chil-
dren ; two surviving daughters, Ann and Mary, the wife of her
cousin James Mountfort, son of Danicl, are now living here.

Edmund, the first comer of the name, was a very active,
useful, and intelligent man. He was a good draughtsman,
and wrote a very handsome hand, and was much employed in
these services during his residence here ; and was especially
useful at a period when there were no lawyers or skillful con-
veyancers in the county. He was a selectman, deputy sheriff,
town agent, etc.; and so mingled was he in all the public affairs
of our community that his death was a severe loss to it. He
was one of the largest owners of common lands on Munjoy’s
hill, including the portion inherited by his wife from her
father, Major Moody. This was set off to his heirs in the divi-
sion of the proprietors in 1798, and embraced the whole north-
ern point of the hill, from the bay to the cove, amounting to
thirty-seven acres, a part of which still remains in the family.
His real estate was appraised in 1755 at four thousand five
hundred and seventy pounds. He died November 21, 1787,
about forty-three years old, and his widow in 1781.

Noyes, Joseph, came to Falmouth about 1730. He was son of
Cutting Noyes and Elizabeth Toppan of Newbury, who were
married January 8, 1703. His father was the son of Cutting,
who was the son of Nicholas, a younger brother of: the Rev.
James Noyes, and came over with him in 1634. Nicholas was
born in Choulderton in Wiltshire, England, in 1616, married
Mary, a daughter of Capt. John Cutting, and died November
9, 1701, leaving a large family. Joseph, the first of the name
in Falmouth, was his grandson, and born in Newbury, Janu-
ary 11, 1689. He married Jane Dole, August 17, 1711, by
whom he had Josiah, born September 8, 1712; Dorothy, April
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTIORS. 827

9,1715, married Little; Hannah, July 6, 1720, married James
Lunt, 1743; Jane, June 18, 1722, married to Merrill; Oliver,
March 19, 1724; Amos, July 29, 1728; and Peter; all but
Peter were bornin Newbury. Mr. Noyes held several munici-
pal offices, as selectman, town treasurer, etc., and was an acting
magistrate. He lived at the eastern end of Back Cove, next
to the Ilsley farm, a portion of which is now occupied by some
of his descendants. He died February 14, 1755; under that
date, Rev. Mr. Smith, in bis Journal, says, “Justice Noice died
this evening.” His eldest son, Josiah, married Mary Lunt of
Newbury, in 1737, and had several children, of whom were
Hannah, born October 27, 1738; Joseph, 1745; Moses; and
Sarah, who married Moses Lunt in 1773. He lived on the
Brackett, now Deering farm, at Back Cove, containing three
hundred acres, which his father purchased of Zachariah Brack-
ett, and devised to him. Moses married Abigail Locke in 1782,
and lived on Congress street, where he died in 1832, leaving
several children, one of whom was James, the father of one
of the publishers of this book. Josiah’s son Joseph was a
prominent man in the affairs of the town before and during
the revolution, he was town treasurer, nine years a selectman,
and nine years a member of the Provincial Congress of Massa-
chusetts. November 23, 1767, he married Mary, the widow
of Jacob Stickney, whose maiden name was Cobham, by whom
he had Jacob, 1768; Ann, 1771, married in 1797 to David
Hale, an officer in the army, afterward the first cashier of the
Maine Bank, and died December 31, 1799; Betsey, married to
Capt. William Lowell, November 28, 1801; and Josiah, lost at
sea, unmarried. He died October 18, 1795. His eldest son,
Jacob, by whom this branch of the family is transmitted in Port-
land, married Anne, a daughter of Pearson Jones and Betsey
Isley, March 20, 1798, by whom he had Joseph Cobham, 1798,
William, Edward F., Julia A., Elizabeth Freeman, George
Freeman, and Enoch. He was many years a respected mer-
chant, and was in the beginning of the century a partner with
$28 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

his brother-in-law, David Hale. He built in 1804 the fine
brick house on Free street now owned by the heirs of Charles
Jones. He died June 29, 1820, aged fifty-two. His widow
having survived her second marriage with Cotton B. Brooks,
is now living in Portland in the ninetieth year of her age.
Joseph, Enoch, and the two daughters survive, the first three
in Portland.

The first Joseph’s son, Peter, married Hannah Merrill of
Falmouth in 1752, and had Amos, Hutchinson, and Jane, mar-
ried to Joseph Lunt in 1786. Itis noticeable, the intermarriages
in the last century of the Lunts and Noyeses. Both families
were of Newbury, which with an early connection served to
bring them together. First, Josiah Noyes to Mary Lunt, 1787;
second, Hannah, his sister, to James Lunt, 1743; third, Sarah,
daughter of Josiah, to Moses Lunt, 1778; fourth, James Lunt
to Eunice Noyes, 1782; fifth, Joseph Lunt to Jane Noyes, 1786.

The posterity of these family alliances, as well as by other
intermarriages, is very numerous and extensive.

Oliver, John, was one of the early proprietors of the town ;
he was of, and lived in Boston, where his family had been among
the earliest settlers. He hada grant herein January, 1721, of
an acre house lot on Fore street, fronting the beach, the third
lot from the first assignment of lotsin that part of the town;
the first being Richard Collier’s. He also had a three-acre lot
assigned to him on Congress strect and sixty acres beside. He
was dead before November 11, 1831, and his children inherited
his estate here ; one daughter Mary, born in 1700, married first,
Capt. John Hast, and on his death, without issue, she married
Henry Wheeler, July 28, 1736, and had children by him. Af-
ter Wheeler’s death in 1750, she married James Gooding for
her third husband in 1758, and died in 1778. Another daugh-
ter of Oliver, Elizabeth, married Rowland Bradbury ; she was

born in 1711, and married Bradbury, who was a caulker, in
1731. He lived on the acre lot granted to her father which is
still in the occupation of her descendants. Their children
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 829

were, Oliver, born October 25, 1732; Maria, April 5, 1734;
Ann, January 3,1736; Abigail, April, 1738. He also had a
son Rowland, the time of whose birth Ido not know. He
was a loyalist and fled from the country on the opening of the
revolution and did not return. In 1800 he conveyed, at Lon-
don, to his nephew, William Baker, son of Samuel Baker, and
his sister Maria, an acre of land on Fore street, near his moth-
er’s lot, which he received from his father in 1772, in which
he recites that he left Portland more than twenty years before,
had since resided in England, not intending to return, and that
the land had been occupied by his two sisters, Maria Pearson
and Elizabeth Baker, who had built a house upon it. The
elder Rowland died in Portland, April 5, 1781, aged seventy-
five, and his widow March 6, 1798, aged eighty-seven. Their
daughter Maria married William Pearson in 1764; Abigail
married Watson Crosby about 1768; their daughter Emma
was born October 1, 1769, and married to Capt. Lemuel Moody
in 1797; Elizabeth married Samuel Baker; a daughter Jeru-
sha married John Rand of Windham in July, 1764; and Sarah
Ann, the other daughter, married John Kilpatrick of St. George
in 1758. Elizabeth, a daughter of William and Maria Pear-
son, born in December, 1767, married George Day in 1786,
and is still living on the Oliver or Bradbury lot, where she
was born, and is the oldest person in town. Her son Charles
Day, great-great-grandson of John Oliver, or the fifth in descent
from him, may be seen every day on Middle street as he uni-
formly goes to his place of business. The same may be said
of Enoch and also Franklin C. Moody, who descended from
Oliver through Emma Crosby, in the same degree.

Owen, John. The first appearance of this name in Fal-
mouth is a record of the birth of his children, viz., John, son
of John and Lucretia Owen, born December 5, 1723, baptized
by the Rev. Mr. Fitch, at Falmouth, in 1726; Mary, born Oc-
tober 15, 1725, and baptized at the same time by Mr. Fitch ;
where these were born I have no meaus of determining; another
830 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Mary was born in Falmouth, November 5, 1727, and Thomas,
July 29,1729. The son John married Anna Hodgekins in
1750. Inseveral conveyances of land in Falmouth he is styled
a chair-maker. The elder John lived in a house which stood
where the post-office now stands, and at the time of the revolu-
tion he moved to Brunswick, where his son William married
Mary Dunning. John appears to have married a second wife,
Margaret Mustard, in 1735. The house where they lived
in Portland was sold to Nathaniel Deering, who enlarged and
occupied it to his death, and his widow died in it. It was
afterward moved to Bramhall’s hill, near the almshouse, where
it was used for an ice-house. John, Jr., had by his wife Anna,
daughter of Philip Hodgckins, thirteen children. The Owens
now residing here descended from Ebenezer, who married Abi-
gail Cotton in 1763; their sons were Ebenezer, Joseph, John,
who carried on the tan-yard near Cotton street, and Cotton
his daughters were Abigail, Mary, Sarah, and Rebecca; all the
children lived in Portland in 1806. Cotton is now, 1864, the
only survivor.

Oxnard, Thomas and Edward, brothers, came here some
years previous to the revolution. They were sons of Thomas
Oxnard and Sarah, a daughter of John Osborn of Boston.
Thomas, the eldest, was born in 1740, and Edward in 1746;
Edward graduated at Harvard College in 1767 ; they both en-
gaged in merchandise here. Their father was a merchant in
Boston; on his death, his widow married Samuel Watts of
Chelsea, judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk
county, who died in 1770. Mr. Oxnard left two sons, Thomas
and Edward, and daughter Mary, who in 1765 married Dr.
Edward Watts of Falmouth. Their mother died in 1778.
Thomas is supposed to have come here previous to 1768; in
1770 we find him deputy-collector under George Lyde. Edward
did not come until after his graduation, they both engaged in
trade here. After the Rev. Mr. Wiswell left his people in
May, 1775, and sought refuge on board Mowatt’s fleet, Edward
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 831.

Oxnard officiated as reader in the Episcopal church. A short
time before the revolution, Thomas marricd Martha Preble,
daughter of Brigadier Preble, who was born in 1754, by whom
he had ten children, viz., Polly, Thomas, born 1775, Ebenezer,
born 1781, Enoch, Stephen D., 1784, Martha, 1786, Mehitable,
Henry, Edward, and John, born 17 . Thomas commanded
the privateer ‘‘ True Blooded Yankee,” in the war of 1812, and
afterward settled at Marseilles, in France, where he married a
French lady, and died in 1840, leaving sons and daughters.
He was a highly respected merchant, and foreign residence did
not impair the love of his own country. On his death-bed he
ordered that his remains when transported to their place of
sepulture, should be wrapped in the American flag. Ebenezer
died in Demarara, in November, 1800, aged nineteen. Enoch
perished in the unfortunate privateer “Dash,” in the war of
1812, a vessel which foundered at sea witha large number of our
enterprising young men. Edward married Rebecca Thomp-
son in 1799, and was another of the victims of the unfortunate
Dash. Polly diad young and unmuvrried.

Stephen D. married Ann Maria Grace in 1821, died in May,
1835, leaving a wife and children; he was an active shipmas-
ter; his only son died without issue. Henry marricd Char-
lotte Farnham in 1819; he was a very intelligent shipmaster
and merchant in Boston; he died December 15, 1843, leaving
two sons, Henry Preble and George; he was beloved for his
manly qualities and many virtues.

Of the daughters, Martha married her cousin, Edward Ox-
nard, and died in January, 1833, leaving several children, now
residing here ; Mehitable married her cousin, William Oxnard,
andis still living in the midst of her family of husband and
children.

Edward Oxnard was married by Dr. Haven of Portsmouth,
to Mary, a daughter of Jabez Fox, October 11, 1774, by whom
he had the following children, viz., Mary Ann, born January
81, 1787, married to Ebenezer Moseley of Newburyport; -Will-
$32 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

iam, born February 11, 1789; Edward, July 18, 1791; Lucy
Jones, June 9, 1793; John, March 26, 1795, all of whom are
living and have families, but Mrs Moseley, who died in New-
buryport; Edward lost a child three weeks old, August 19,
1775.

They both left the country after the destruction of the town
in 1775. Edward went to London, probably leaving his wife
behind, and continued there during the war; he was a mem-
ber of the celebrated “New England Club’? composed of prom-
inent refugees, who had a weekly dinner at the Adelphi tavern,
where they mourned over the privations and distresses which
their exile had brought upon them. They were both pro-
scribed by the act of 1778. Ido not know that Thomas went
to England, my impression is that he did not. In 1782 he
was at Castine, then in possession of British troops, and sent
for his wife; the application was presented to the provincial
Congress, which passed a Resolve, permitting her to go to him
at Penobscot “with her two servant maids, and such part of her
household goods as the selectmen of Falmouth should admit.”
They both returned to Portland after the war. Thomas, on his
arrival in 1774, was arrested under the law against absentees.
In February, 1784, he was taken before Samuel Freeman, ona
complaint by Woodbury Storer, for returning from banishment.
A warrant was issued and he was tried before Enoch Freeman,
Samuel Freeman, and Peter Noyes, Esqrs., justices, and on
conviction was committed to jail to remain until delivered by
order of the governor. Theophilus Parsons prepared a writ of
Habeas Corpus for him and advised him, and argued, that by
the Treaty of Peace he was allowed to return, notwithstand-
ing the State law. He was permitted by Gov. Hancock to go
to Boston and remain until the session of the legislature, with
the expectation that the law would be repealed. He was re-
lieved from further trouble, and returning to Portland he and
his brother recommenced trade. In 1787, the Episcopal church
‘being destitute of a preacher, he officiated as reader, with a
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 833

view of taking orders in the church. But in the pursuit of
professional studies his religious opinions underwent an entire
change by reading the writings of Mr. Lindsey and Mr. Bel-
sham of England, and a correspondence with the Rev. Dr.
Freeman of the Stone Chapel in Boston, so that he abandoned
that society, but still continued to officiate to a few of his for-
mer hearers, who had become Unitarians or were inclined that
way, as Dr. Coffin and family, Dr. Erving, Daniel George,
Enoch Ilsley, James Deering, ete. He preached not only dis-
courses written by himself, but read printed sermons prepared
by others. He was aman of general intelligence, a constant
reader, and of unimpeached honor and virtue. He was tall in
person, thin, and of good presence, and different from his
brother, who, although tall, was quite corpulent. He died
May 20, 1799, aged fifty-nine; his widow died in October,
1823, in the seventieth year of her age.

Edward, after his return, became a commission merchant
and auctioneer; he built upon the estate inherited by his wife
from her mother, the large three-story house on York street
near the corner of Maple street, in which his wife died; it was
not finished when he died, July 2, 1803, at the age of fifty-seven;
his widow died August 22, 1835, at the age of eighty-one.
Their children all survive except one infant three wecks old,
who died in 1775, and all live in Portland with families. Lucy
married John Fox, who died February 19, 1852, leaving three
sons and two daughters.

Pearson, William, came from Newbury, June 5, 1762, and
settled here; he was cousin of Sheriff Moses Pearson, of whom
we have often spoken in preceding pages. He was a caulker
by trade; July 2, 1764, he married Maria, a daughter of Row-
land Bradbury, by whom he had children as follows: William,
Jonathan, Elizabeth, 1767, married to George Day, Samuel,
and Josiah. Mrs. Day, living in Portland, is the last sur-
vivor. William was a shipmaster; he moved to Newbury
where he married and died. Jonathan moved to Cumberland
834 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

in 1795, and was father of William, George, and John, who
lived in Portland, Isaac O.,in Cumberland, Loemma, who mar-
ried Moses Leighton of Cumberland, Hannah, married, first, to
William Rideout, second, to Moses Leighton. Elizabeth mar-
ried Richard C. Webster of Portland. George, well known to
our p2ople as holding municipal office, died March 11, 1861.
William Pearson built a one-story house at the eastern end of
Fore street in 1775, and had just moved into it when it was
consumed in Mowatt’s attack, which swept off every house on
that part of the street east of India strect. He died April 1,
1776, aged thirty-seven.

Pettingell. The first comer of this family to Falmouth, was
Benjamin, who was born in Newbury, a descendant from Rich-
ard Pettingell who was born in Staffordshire, Eng., in 1621,
was in Wenham, Massachusetts, in 1648, and in Newbury in
1652, with his wife Joanna. He marricd a daughter of Richard
Ingersoll. Benjamin’s father was Benjamin, and he was fol-
lowed to this town by his brother Daniel. Benjamin was a
blacksmith by trade; in 1750 he married Abigail Lunt of
Newbury and they lived before the revolution in a house on
Fore street, which stood on the spot now occupied by Bethuel
Sweetser, near Mountfort street. The house was destroyed by
Mowatt’s bombardment, and the occupants sought refuge at
New Casco, where they remained and died, and where some
of their descendants still continue. His brother Daniel was
also a blacksmith, and the shop in which these industrious men
and some of their descendants faithfully toiled, stood on Fore
near Franklin street, until a few years since. Daniel mar-
ried Hannah Gooding, a daughter of James Gooding, March
21,1765, and had nine children, viz., Daniel, born Novem-
ber 29,1765; David, 1767, died in 1768; Hannah, 1769,
married, first, David Burnham, 1788, second, Robert Low-
ther, son of Dr. John Lowther, 1798; Dorcas, July 9, 1770,
married Abraham Beeman ; Abigail, December 28,1771, died
1772; David, December 25, 1772; Timothy, September 1774,
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 835

died young; Betty, July 18, 1777, died young; Sarah, Novem-
ber 6, 1779, married David Newbegin. Daniei, the father, in
June, 1765, bought of William Wood, then of Gorham, a house
and a quarter acre of land on “Turkey lane,” now Sumner
street, in which Wood said, ‘she had resided many years.” He
moved into it and lived there until it was destroyed by the Brit-
ish in 1775; he rebuilt it before the war was over, and contin-
ued to reside there until his death, which took place in 1805,
at the age of sixty-seven. His son David succeeded to the estate
and his father’s trade, and lived in the house until he had com-
pleted a better one on Hancock street. He married Mehitable
Carle of Scarborough, December 2, 1798, by whom he had eight
children, viz., Sarah, 1800, married, first, Asa Plumer, second,
Abraham Milliken; Betsey, 1802, married Nathan Usley, and
died in 1846; Mary, born September 21, 1803, married Joseph
Pettingell of Falmouth ; Harriet, 1805, died unmarried; Dan-
iel, born August 9, 1810, married Martha A. Roberts; Dorcas,
1812, died 1813; Dorcas, August 4, 1814, unmarried; Charles
Beeman, born January 29, 1820, married Susan Latham, and
died September 14, 1853. The father died March 7, 1847.
The old house built by Daniel, on Sumner street, was taken
down in 1864, very much dilapidated.

The desceut was } Richard, 2Samuel, ? Benjamin, born 1692,
4 Benjamin and Daniel, ° David, who died in 1847.

Preble, Jedediah. General Jedediah Preble was born in
York in 1707; he was son of Benjamin, the second son of
Abraham Preble, a notice of whom may be found in the early
part of this history. The time of his settling here we have not
ascertained; it was about 1748; he represented the town in
the General Court in 1753, and in 1754 he married for his
second wife the widow of John Roberts, a daughter of Joshua
Bangs of this town. His first wife was Martha Junkins of
York. She died in Falmouth, March 10,1753. In 1745, in
a decd he styles him of Wells, “coaster.” In 1755 he had a
command under Gen. Winslow, in removing the Acadians, or

eS
836 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Neutral French. In 1759 he was captain of a company of pro-
vincial troops, and joined the army in Canada under Gen.
Wolfe; was in the battle on the Plains of Abraham, and near
Gen Wolfe when he was killed. Previous to the peace he was
promoted gradually to the rank of Brigadier General and had
the command of the garrison at Fort Pownal, on the Penobscot
at the peace of 1763; he was twice wounded during the war.
He was twelve years a representative trom the town, the first
time in 1753, the last in 1780; was chosen councilor in 1778,
and though of the popular party was one of six accepted by the
Governor, while the others were rejected. In 1774 he was ap-
pointed first, brigadier general by the provincial Congress,
and in 1775, received the appointment of major general and
commander-in-chief of the Massachusetts forces, which he de-
clined on account of the infirmities of age. He was chosen
the first senator from Cumberland county under the constitu-
tion of 1780, and was judge of the Common Pleas in 1782
and 1783. He died March 16, 1784, aged seventy-seven; his
widow died in 1805, of the same age. By his first wife he had
five children, Jedediah, John, Lucy, married to Jonathan Webb
in 1762, Samuel, and William. By his last, five sons, Ebenezer,
Joshua, Edward, Enoch, and Henry, and two daughters, Mar-
tha, born 1754, married to Thomas Oxnard ; and Statira, born
in 1767, married to Richard Codman, September 10, 1789, and
died August 15, 1796. Edward was the distinguished naval
commander whose life has emblazoned the annals of our coun-
try, and immortalized his name. In 1801 the Commodore mar-
ried the only daughter of Nathaniel Deering of this town, and
died in 1807, aged forty-six, leaving but one son to inherit the
rich legacy of his fame.

Of the children of Brigadier Preble by his first wife, Jede-
diah married Avis Phillips of Boston, and lived in Castine after
the revolution; he was killed on a passage from Castine to
Passamaquoddy, by the wreck of his vessel on Seal Island ; he
left four sons and two daughters, Jedediah, his eldest son, was
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 837

born July 29, 1765, and died in Stark, in 1847; John, born
in 1768, was drowned in1777; Samuel; Daniel; Avis, mar-
ried to John Carr of Portland, April 5, 1801, her descendants
live here; and Nancy, married to Adams. John, second son of
the General, born 1742, married Sarah Frost of Machias, No-
vember, 1783, and had several children; he was appointed
truck master at Fort Pownal in 1770. His daughter Lucy
married John Mahar of Washington county ; she died Decem-
ber 8, 1787, aged forty-five. The General’s daughter Lucy
married Jonathan Webb of Boston in 1762, afterward a school-
master at Portland. Samuel and William died early on for-
eign voyages. His children by the second marriage, seemed
more successful and distinguished; Ebenezer, born August 15,
1757, became a rich and prominent merchant in Boston, and
died much respected in April, 1817. He was four times mar-
ried, first to Dorcas, a daughter of Enoch IIsley, October 7,
1781. She died February 20, 1784, aged twenty-five, leaving
one son, Ebenezer, who died in France in 1802. Second, Mary
Derby of Salem, June 14,1785; she died March 15, 1794,
aged thirty-one, leaving two children, Charles, who died April
23, 1794, and Mary married to N. Amory of Boston, who died
without issue. He married for his third wife, Betsey Derby
of Salem, sister of his second wife, who died in 1799, aged
twenty-nine, leaving three children, Charles, who was drowned
in the Straits of Sunda; Eliza, who died childless; and Caro-
line, who married Capt. Ralph Wormley of the British navy,
a native of Virginia. His fourth wife was Miss Abigail Tor-
rey. The first two were buried in the eastern cemetery at
Portland. Joshua, the sixth son, born November 28, 1759,
married Hannah Cross of Newburyport, aud died November
4, 1803, leaving two children, Statira, married to William
Moulton in 1826, and Joshua. Of Commodore Edward, the
third son, we have already spoken, and the world has spoken ;
he has a grandson in the United States navy, bearing his
name, who, we trust, will emulate the manly qualities and
838 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

acquire the undying fame of his grandsire. Enoch, the last
surviving member of the family was born in Portland, July
2, 1763, and after a long course of faithful service at sea,
and an honored career on land in civil life, holding several
honorable offices, and a life of integrity and benevolence, died
September 23, 1842, at the age of seventy-nine. In 1800 he
married Sally Cross of Gorham, a sister of Joseph, Thomas,
and William Cross; her father moved to Gorham from Brad.
ford, Massachusetts. He left two sons and two daughters,
Ebenezer, the eldest, born in 1802, married Miss Archer, and
died in 1845, his widow married the late Joseph Barbour;
Adeline, born in 1805, married John Cox of this city, Novem-
4, 1835; Ellen, unmarried; and George Henry, a commander
in the navy, born February 25, 1816, who has adorned a life
of intelligence and virtue by a long, faithful, and honorable
service in his loved profession, which he entered in 1885. No-
vember 18, 1845, George Henry married Susan Cox, a daughter
of John Cox by his first wife, and has several children. Henry,
the General’s ninth son, born January 24, 1770, was both a mer-
chant and shipmaster, and sometime consul of the United States
in France and elsewhere, able, intelligent, and useful; he mar-
ried Frances Wright, December 11, 1794 and died at Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania, December, 1825, leaving two daughters, Harriet,
born 1795, educated, and long resident in France, unmarried ;
Frances Anneka, born 1797, married Thomas Barlow; and one
son, Edward Henry, burn in 1805, and died unmarried in
1846,

General Preble, if he had done nothing else than bequeath
to the world such a posterity, would have been entitled to the
warmest commendation anda marble statue; but he, living,
well filled the place he occupied himself by a full round circle
of civil and military duties.

Proctor, Samuel, was the son of John Proctor of Salem
village now Danvers, and born in 1680; his father was exe-
cuted for witchcraft in 1692, and his mother was condemned

.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. $39

but not executed; they had six sons and five daughters, and
sustained excellent characters. Samuel was the cighth child; he
came here from Lynn about 1718, and built a one-story house
in Fore street, near where Willow street joins it. The lot was
granted to him by the town in 1721, extending from Fore street
nearly to Federal strast, between Willow and Lime streets; he
also had valuable lots in other parts of the town. He died in
1765 at the advanced age of eighty-five ; his children were John,
Benjamin, Samuel, Sarah, William, Kezia, Kerenhappuck,
Jemima, and Dorcas. Sarah married John Cox in 1739;
Kerenhappuck married first, Joseph Hicks, and second, An-
thouy Brackett; Jemima married William Genniss ; and Dor-
cas, Jonathan Paine. <A portion of the lot on which Samuel
Proctor built and lived, for more than forty-five years, remained,
untila few years since, in the hands of his descendants through
Cox, Paine,and his son Benjamin. All of the name in this
part of the country derive their origin from this stock.

Riggs, Jeremiah, was the first of the name who came here,
and is the ancestor of all who now reside in this vicinity ; he emi-
grated from Cape Ann in 1725. His children where Wheeler,
Jeremiah, Joseph, Abigail, Hannah, Mary, and Stephen. He
was a tanner, and after living a few years on the Neck he
moved to Capisic where he carried on his trade and where
he died. The estate many years remained in his family and
was occupied by John Jones, who married his granddaughter.
His daughter Abigail was the first of his children born in this
town, which was in 1726; Stephen the last in 1735. Wheeler
married Mary Cobb in 1742; Jeremiah, Nancy Barber, 1752 ;
Stephen, Margaret Barber, 1759. Joseph was married in 1747.
Wheeler was killed in the attack on Castine, 1779. Mary
married William Harper.

Robison, Samuel, was a Scotchman born in the Orkneys;
he married Barbara Sutherland in 1754, and lived in a one-
story house which stood on the corner of Plum and Middle
streets ; by her he had two children, Alexander and Jane. Al-
840 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

exander entered on board of a man-of-war, and did not return
after the revolution; Jane married Capt. Arthur McLellan in
1777. Mr. Robison died in three or four years after his mar-
riage, and his widow, in 1763, married Capt. Thomas Ross, who
moved the one-story house into Temple street, and erected a
two-story house on the spot; this in its turn had to give place a
fow years ago for the brick block occupicd by the International

Bank, and now stands in Preble street. Capt. Ross moved to
St. Andrews at the commencement of the revolution with two
sons and two daughters, where he died.

Robison, Thomas, was a younger brother of Samuel, and
lived here with his brother before the revolution ; he did not
move his family here until after the war; during that struggle
he had a command on the Lakes. He was a respectable mer-
chant and enterprising man. In 1785, he formed a connection
in business with Edgar and Reed, and they carried on distill-
ing and general merchandising at the west part of the town.
They purchased a large tract of land extending from Main
street to Fore river, on which they built two houses, a distill-
house, wharf, and other buildings, and opened Ann, now Park
street, through it. They built one house on the corner of Con-
gress and Park streets, now owned and occupied by the Misses
Jones, and another at the foot of the street, in which lived Mr.
Robison and his son Thomas after him. He was selectman of
the town in 1788 and 1789. He died in Canada in July, 1806,
to which he had removed one or two years before his death ;
his children were Mary, Samuel, Thomas, William, Jane,
married first to Thomas Hodges in 1790, second, to Robert
Iisley; and Eliza, married to Lemuel Weeks; Hannah married
Stephen Codman in 1788; Thomas married Eliza Homer in
November, 1802, and had a large family. None of the children
of the first Thomas are living. While he remained in this town
he lived in an expensive style, and kept a free and hospitable
house. ,

Tate, George, the first of the name who migrated to Maine,
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 841

was born in England, in November, 1700. The family was
seated in Northamptonshire, and ranks among its members
Sir William Tate, Lord Mayor of London in 1488, and Sir
John Tate, who held the same office in 1496. George, our
first comer, was at one time a seaman on board the first Russian
frigate ever put to sea. He came to Maine asa mast agent for
the government prior to 1756. His children were Samuel,
born August 3, 1736, died in London, April 12,1814; William,
born November 14, 1740; George, the Russian Admiral, born
in London, June 19, 1745: Robert, January 23, 1751; all born
in England. The latter married Martha Slemmons, of West-
brook, December 25, 1770, and died in 1804. The elder
George, died in Falmouth, August 20, 1794, in the ninety-
fourth year of his age. His eldest son, Samuel, was a sea
captain, and was engaged for a time in the lumber and mast
trade between this port and England. Mr. Smith, in his Jour-
nal, May 16, 1760, says, “Captain Tate in a large mast-ship
came in here in thirty days from London ;” again, July 8, 1770,
he says, “Captain Tate in a large ship came in.” His children
_ Were, Mary Ann, born October 12,1761; Sarah Maria, July
21, 17638, both in England; Ann, born March 18, 1767, mar-
ried Joseph H. Ingraham of this town in 1789, and having
had a family of eleven children, died March 24,1844. Several
of the children are living in Portland in 1864. William
Major, born June 19, 1769. Captain Samuel Tate is said to
have been sailing-master of the ship of war which brought Lord
Cornwallis to this country toward the close of the revolution.
George, the Admiral, third son of George, born in London,
1745, entered the Russian naval service, and in 1770 was ap-
pointed by Catherine II, a lieutenant. He was continually
advanced for his good conduct, and was particularly distin-
guished in the wars with the Turks and Swedes. At the siege
of the strong Turkish fortress, Ismail, near the mouth of
the Danube, in December, 1790, he was wounded in the attack,

when the place was stormed and taken, with immense booty.
54
842 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

He was promoted and afterward received a gold medal from
the Empress with her effigy and suitable inscriptions. He was.
raised by Catherine to the rank of rear-admiral, and by Alex-
ander I, to be first admiral and a member of the Russian
senate. He received from the different sovereigns under whom
he served, badges of the orders of St. Waldimer, of. St. Alex-
ander Newski, of St. Ann, and the military order of St. John.
He died in the service, unmarried, February 17, 1821, highly
honored and respected. He frequently visited his friends in
London, and was two or three times in Portland, the last visit
was about two years before his death, and he kept up a corres-
pondence with them. In one letter, June, 1793, he says, “I
was advanced to the rank of rear-admiral in February last, and
am now going to sea,’ and sends his regards to his friends,
Deering, Kent, Cumming, and others; in another he says, “I
am surprised to hear that the amiable Miss Kent has not yet
gota husband; your single gentlemen have a deal of. apathy
to let so charming a girl remain single; remember me to her
father and mother, and particularly to Madame Ross and
daughter, who I have known as long as I can remember.”
Miss Kent married George Bradbury; Mrs. Ross’s daughter‘
was the wife of Col. William Tyng of Gorham. These remin-
iscences show the interest which he continued to feel in Port-
land. In another letter written from London, October 21,
1795, he says, ‘We are now sent again to this country, with
twelve sail of the line and eight frigates to co-operate with the
British.”

Several descendants of the first George Tate are now residing
in this vicinity.

Thurlo, John, a descendant of Richard Thurlo, who was one
of the early settlers of Rowley, Mass.,and moved to Newbury in
1651 ; his eldest son, Francis, was born in England in 1630, from
whom our immigrant probably descended. John came here
from Newbury, and was a shipmaster.. In 1761 he married
Rebecca, a daughter of the elder John Waite, and lived on
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 843

Fore strect, below India; his house perished in the conflagra-
tion of 1775. His children were, John, who died in France,
unmarried; Mary, married to Stephen Waite, February
22,1791; they were the parents of Edward, Nancy, Stephen,

who died in 1803, Matilda,and Mary Ann. Sally, born August

21, 1766, married Francis Waite, son of Col. John; Betsey,

born May 16, 1770, died unmarried; Hannah, is living, un-
married ; Ann, married to Captain John Wildrage, and died

leaving issue ; Fanny, married to Thomas Lewis ; George, lost

at sea, unmarried. Captain Thurlo died in April, 1805, aged

sixty-seven. His wife died June 13, 1798. The name exists

here ; and the blood flows only in female descendants.

Titcomb, Benjamin, was a native of Newbury and came here

in 1746 by the persuasion of Moses Pearson, after the capture

of Louisburg, in which he was engaged, being then twenty

years old. He was a blacksmith, and on his arrival was in

doubt whether to establish himself on the Neck or at Cape

Elizabeth, so nearly equal were the advantages offered by the

two places. In 1753 he married Anne, a daughter of Moses

Pearson, and the next year built the house which was occupied

“by his son Joseph in Plum street, which formerly stood on the
corner where the brick stores have been built. His shop was on

the breast-work from which Central wharf has been extended.

In 1769 he was chosen deacon of the first parish ; he was three

years one of the selectmen of the town, and in 1784, was chosen —

representative with Joseph Noyes to the General Court, and

was a respectable, influential, and worthy man. He died Octo-

ber 15, 1798, aged seventy-two ; his widow died July 8, 1800,

aged seventy-two. Their children were Moses, Benjamin,

Joseph, Ann, who married Woodbury Storer, Andrew P.,
Eunice, married to Ebenezer Storer, Elizabeth, married to John
Harris in 1796, and Henry; none of them survive. His son
Joseph was ten years selectman and nine years representative
of the town to the General Court. He was an active shipmaster
and commanded a large privateer out of Portland during the
844 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

revolution. In 1783 he married Eunice, a daughter of Ephraim
Jones, by whom he had several children. The widow of the
late Reuben Mitchell is his only surviving child. Moses and
Henry died without issue. Andrew Phillips, born in 1754,
married Mary Dole in 1782, and had a large family. See my
note to Smith and Deane’s Journals, p. 376. Mr. Titcomb
descended from William Titcomb, the ancestor of all of the .
name in this section of the country, who came from Newbury,
England, in 1635, and was one of the first settlers of Newbury,
Mass.; the family has branched very much, and-is now .
numerous and scattered.

Tucker, Josiah, and Thrasher, Jonathan. The first Tucker
of the name in the re-settlement of the town was born in 1726;
he came here from Kittery about 1746, and worked at his
trade of sail-maker with Jonathan Thrasher. In 1752 he
married Mary, the eldest daughter of Mr. Thrasher, by his
wife Hannah Dow. The Thrashers were Quakers, the first
who settled here, and came from Hampton, N. H. Finding
none of their communion in this town, and feeling the need of
religious association, they joined Mr. Smith’s church and
received the rite of baptism. Mary, their daughter, was born
in Hampton, 1737. They had other children, viz., Lydia,
married to Thomas Newman, November 20,1760 ; Hannah, who
married John Dole in 1779; Abigail, who married a Jordan ;
and sons Jonathan, David, and Jeremiah. Mr. Thrasher was
found dead in his sail-loft, October 25, 1765. He lived on
India street, his widow died February 23, 1774, aged fifty-nine.
Josiah Tucker, by his wife, Mary Thrasher, had nine children,
viz., William, born 1753, lost in the Dilworth privateer during
the revolution ; Jeremiah, 1755, died December, 1774; Mr.
Smith says in his Journal, December 25,1774, “I almost killed
myself praying at the funeral of Jeremiah Tucker ; more than
two hundred people there.’ Daniel, March 14, 1760; Josiah,
1762, married Sally Cushing, 1785, and died 1787 ; Jonathan,
1770, a well known shipmaster and merchant, who recently
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 845

died; he married Susan, daughter of Peter Warren, in 1794,
who died without issue in 1849; Dorcas, 1756, married first
Daniel Bagley, second, Abijah Poole; Mary, 1764, married
Jeremiah Kimball, 1789, and had children ; Esther, married to
James Corey, 1789 ; Eunice, married to Josiah Thrasher. She
died in 1771, aged thirty-four years; and in October, 1774, he
married the widow Berry, whose maiden name was Burdick,
by whom he had four children, viz., Jeremiah, Samuel, David,
and Jane, and died in 1782, aged fifty-six. The most distin-
guished of his children was Captain Daniel, who at the age of
eleven years, was put an apprentice to Paul Little, a silver-
smith, where he was first employed in making brass sleeve and
knee buckles. He continued in this employment until the
general conflagration of the town in 1775, destroyed the shop,
broke up the business, and drove the occupants out of town.
After working one year ona farm, he joined many other of
our Portland boys in privateering voyages, in which he suffered
many hardships, had some hard sea-fights, and many hair
breadth escapes, but gained by experience the knowledge and
qualities which prepared him for a successful career of busi-
ness. He commanded merchant vessels after the war, and
gradually became the owner of large ships, and left the sea in
1791 to conduct at home his extensive commercial operations.
He formed a connection in business with his brother-in-law,
Lemuel Weeks, and the firm of Weeks & Tucker was known
almost as well in Liverpool as in Portland; they were large
importers. But in 1807, a disastrous revulsion in commerce
took place, in consequence of the embargo and other commer-
cial restrictions, which entirely prostrated the largest portion
of our business community, and neither Captain Tucker nor
his partner ever recovered from it.

Captain 'Tucker’s energy was not confined to his business
operations, but was successfully employed in municipal and
civil business. He was one of the selectmen from 1791 to
1800, and again chairman of the board and principal executive
846 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

officer of the town from 1813 to 1816, inclusive, and four years
a representative to the General Court, the first time in 1796,
_ the last in 1810; he was an ardent politician of the federal
school. Ina memorandum drawn up by himself, he says, after
speaking of the above offices, that he was one of the school
committee, overseer of the poor, justice of the peace, trustee |
and treasurer of the Portland Academy, and after his failure,
an acting justice of the peace, notary public, committee on
public buildings, and Swedish Consul. August 15, 1816, he
was struck with palsy from which he never recovered, and
died in 1823, at the age of sixty-three. In February, 1782, he
married Dorcas Barton; she died in childbed January 18,
1785, aged twenty-two ; and July 20, 1786, he married Lydia
Crabtree, a sister of Captain William Crabtree ; he says in his
diary that “Parson Smith performed the ceremony,” he was
then eighty-five years old, and “this wife over seventy years
old danced with Stephen Codman.” He went to housekeeping
in Plum street. In 1796 he built the large three-story wooden
house on the west side of India street, near the corner of Sum-
ner street, which still remains, and in which he says, “I lived
twenty years in affluence.” His children by his first wife
were Polly, born September 28, 1783, married to John P.
Thurston in 1802, who died leaving a family, afterward set-
tled in New York. William, January, 1785, died an infant.
By his second wife, he had Dorcas, February 6, 1787, married
to James D. Hopkins, December, 1804; Jane, March 8, 1788,
married to Mr. Bull of Boston; Lydia, May 20, 1790, married
to Jacob Cram of Portland, now of New York; George, May
10, 1792; Daniel, February 7, 1794; Lemuel, September 17,
1795; John, April 2, 1797; Eleazer, July 22, 1798; and
Eleanor, June 5, 1801, married to Mr. Brewster of New York.
The sons are all dead, and all the daughters but Lydia and
Eleanor; all the daughters having children. Mr. Cram built
and lived in the house corner of India and Congress streets,
now owned and occupied by Elias Thomas.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 847

Tukey, John, was the first of the name who settled in Fal-
mouth; he came from Malden about 1744. He was a ship-
wright, and worked on Coulson’s ship; in 1749, he married
Abigail Sweetsir, by whom he had fourteen children, all born
in Portland, viz., Benjamin, born in 1740, married Hannah
Stanford, and was killed accidentally in 1777, in celebrating
the victory over Burgoyne, leaving two sons, William and
Benjamin; Nancy, married Matthew Pennell, September 10,
1778, her descendants are living here; John, born November
12, 1751, married Bangs, and left several children ; Houchin,
born in 1754, married Rhoda Blaisdell, and died in 1787;
Stephen, married Hannah Cushing, he died in 1826, leaving
several children, and she in 1837, aged eighty. Their son
Benjamin was the father of Francis Tukey, the late city mar-
shal in Boston, now a lawyer in California, and of Benjamin
Tukey, hair dresser in this city; Elizabeth, born April 26,
1760, married William Titcomb, of Falmouth; Mary, born
February 20, 1762, married Elijah Littlefield, November 4,
1781; Sarah, born April 6, 1763, married William Ingraham,
November 3,1785; William, born December 2, 1765, married
Sarah Williams of Gloucester, Mass.; Lemuel, born August
6, 1766, married first, Sarah Snow, second, her sister, Eunice
Snow, he died July 22, 1835; George, born March 14, 1769,
married Betsey Snow, September 12,1790; Lucy, born Decem-
ber 24, 1771, married Capt. Fraser Gordon ; and Dorcas, born
October 15, 1775, married Philip Fowler; one died an infant ;
all this large family are dead, leaving children. The father
died in December, 1803, aged eighty-one; his descendants
were thirteen children, seventy-one grand-children, and eleven
great-grand-children. His widow died in 1823, aged ninety-
five. William Tukey, the last surviving child, died March 19,
1858, in his ninety-third year, having had a family of eleven
children, most of whom died before him. He was for many
years a revolutionary pensioner, and was by trade a mason,
having been one of the builders of the first light-house built
in Maine, on Portland Head, at the mouth of our harbor.
848 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Vaughan, William, was among the early immigrants to our
town after the peace of 1783. Under April 10, 1784, Mr.
Smith says, “This place fills up fast, there lately came here,
Mr. Hopkins, Robinson, Vaughan, Clark, and Codman.” Mr.
Vaughan was son of Elliot Vaughan and Anne Gerrish, of
Portsmouth, N. H., and grandson of Lieutenant Governor
Vaughan of some notoriety in New Hampshire before the revo-
lution. He was born March 18, 1745, in Portsmouth, and died
in Portland, June 19, 1826. Elliot had two sons, William
and George, the latter went to Boston and died there. William
studied law with Judge William Parker, in Portsmouth, James
Sullivan being a fellow-student. When he came east he en-
gaged in merchandise, but afterward turned his attention to
land purchases. He had a large farm in Scarborough, now
belonging to Seth Storer, on which he lived and from which he
moved to Portland. He sold the farm to Cornelius Durant.
He soon commenced purchasing land in Portland, first in 1787,
on the corner of Middle and Center streets, and the same year
he bought sixty acres on Bramhall’s hill of Thomas, son of An-
thony Brackett, part of the old Michael Mitton estate, conveyed
to him by our first settler Cleeves, for two hundred and seven-
teen pounds ; this was fifty-nine rods on Fore river, and extend-
ing back one hundred and ninety-two rods; the next year he
bought fifteen acres adjoining, of Joshua Brackett, thirty-two
rods on the river; in 1790, he bought of Samuel Freeman
eighty acres, part of the old Bramhall farm, for two hundred
and thirty pounds; in 1795 he bought fifty-three acres more,
from near where Vaughan street joins Congress street, eighty-
six rods on Congress street, for two hundred and ten pounds ;
in 1797 he added to this ten acres, and the same year he and
Cornelius Durant purchased a portion of the reversion of the
Brackett. dower, which embraced forty-four acres; in 1801
and 1806 he added to this splendid estate about twenty-five
acres more under the hill; for the last twelve acres in 1806 he
paid two thousand dollars. This rounded off this large tract
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 849

of near four hundred acres covering all Bramhall’s hill, and
for which it was said he was offered two hundred thousand
dollars and declined it. He had conceived magnificent ideas of
the growth of Portland, and believed that a city would extend
to that part of the town. To aid this he procured a charter
for the bridge over Fore river which bears his name, by which
he diverted the western travel to pass over his land, through
which he caused Danforth and Vaughan streets to be opened,
and streets on paper to be laid out at right angles over the
swamp. His conceptions were right, as our present experience
proves, but his visions were premature, he was two-thirds of a
century in advance of his time; and the commercial embar-
rassments and war from 1807 to 1815, Which entirely prostrated
and paralyzed our fair and flourishing town, dashed the brilliant
prospects which he had anticipated for his family in this ex-
tensive domain. Mr. Vaughan suffered with the rest of the
community during that depressed period of our history, and
his estate was seized by his creditors and portioned out to
satisfy their claims. He built two houses on his purchase, one
at each end of Vaughan street: that on the southern side,
corner of Danforth street, which he occupied himself, is still
standing ; the other in which his eldest son, George Elliot,
lived, was burnt.

Mr. Vaughan was twice married, first to Abigail, a daughter
of Rishworth Jordan of Saco, a descendant of the Rev. Robert
Jordan of Spurwink, November 3, 1768. She died August 6,
1771, leaving one daughter, Abigail, who married, first, Captain
Hartley, second, Captain Donnell, both of Biddeford, and had
issue by each. Mr. Vaughan’s second wife was Elizabeth, a
daughter of Tristram Jordan of Saco, and cousin of his first
wife, who died April 5, 1811. By her he had children as
follows: George Elliott, March 21, 1773, who was twice mar-
ried and died without issue ; Elizabeth, September 10, 1774,
died unmarried; Hannah Goodwin, July 14, 1776, married
Benjamin Nason, and had two children, Benjamin and Eliza-
850 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

beth, who married Theodore W. Riley ; Ann Gerrish, February
18, 1779, married Eleazer Greely in 1805, and had three chil-
dren, William, Ann T., and Charles; William T., June 4,
1781, twice married and left issue; Richard Cutts, May 16,
1783; Olive Plaisted, February 22, 1785, unmarried ; Sarah
Elliot, March 16, 1787, unmarried; Charles Henry, June 9,
1789, married aud had issue; Olivia Storer, June 3, 1791,
unmarried; Mary Belcher, January 3, 1794, married Nathan
Winslow, who is dead, no issue. The only surviving children
in 1864 are Charles Henry, living in Ohio, Olivia Storer, and
Mary. The last two are living in Portland.

Waite, John, the head of the family which came here, was
born in Newbury, Massachusetts, February 6, 1702, son of
Jonadab Waite, and was captain of a packet which sailed be-
tween this place and Boston as early as 1737. He married
Sarah Kent, daughter of John Kent, Jr., of Newbury, in 1724.
She was born March 7,1704, and died November 8, 1769. By
her he had ten children as follows, viz., Benjamin, born Octo-
ber 15, 1725, married Abigail, daughter of Isaac Ilsley, and
had several children; Hannah, February 22, 1727, married,
first, Joseph Gooding, second, Moses Shattuck; Sarah, August
9, 1730, married, first, Joshua Bangs, died 1755, second, Ger-
shom Rogers in 1756; John, July, 1732; Stephen, November
7, 1734, married Abigail, daughter of Jonathan and Abigail
Wheeler, and died July, 1788, aged forty-eight, leaving children.
The above five children were born in Newbury. Abigail, born
in Falmouth, 1789, married Thomas Minot, November 5, 1765 ;
Dr. Deane noticing this event in his Diary, adds, “A splendid
wedding.” Mary, unmarried, died 1755 ; Isaac, married Em-
ma Kingsbury, April, 1763 ; Rebecca, married to John Thurlo,
1761, and had issue; Emma, 1746. married, first, Lewis, second,
Thomas Motley, and died in 1830, leaving several children.
He lived on the road fronting the beach below India street for
many years, but in the latter part of his life he took up his
residence on Peaks’ Island, of part of which he had become the
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 851

proprietor. He was four years selectman of the town, was a
man of singular and eccentric habits, and enjoyed the solitude
of his island more than the hum of the village; it is said that
he had two fire-places in one room in his house on the island,
one for himself and wife, the other for their servant. He died
November 3, 1769, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His
son John was a sea-captain, and was engaged before the revolu-
tion in coastwise and foreign voyages; in 1759 he commanded
one of the transports in the expedition under General Wolfe
to Quebec, and sailed from Louisburg, June 4, in company with
eight sail of the line, several frigates, and about one hundred
transports for the St Lawrence. He remained near Quebec
until the city fell, and returned to Falmouth in November of
the same year. After this he continued his sea voyages, ming-
ling when at home, and taking a prominent part, in the affairs
of the town. In the ante-revolutionary troubles, he actively
engaged in the measures of resistance to the encroachments of
government; was one of a committee of which Enoch Freeman
was chairman, to prepare instructions to William Tyng, in
1772, as a representative to the General Court. In 1774 he
was chosen a member of a convention ‘“‘to consider what meas- .
ures it will be expedient to adopt for the general interest of
the country.”” The convention met and took a general super-
vision of affairs and the opinions of the people. A committee
of inspection was also chosen, of which he was one, and The-
ophilus Parsons, the late chief justice, was a member and clerk.
In 1776 he was a member of the Provincial Congress, and was
chosen town treasurer, to which office he was aunually elected
to 1785; the same year, 1776, he was appointed sheriff of the
county, and colonel of the first regiment. In 1777 he was ap-
pointed by Congress, agent for the estates of absentees for the
county. He was active through the revolutionary struggle in
all the affairs of the town and county, and engaged earnestly
in supporting the people in the great controversy with the
mother country. And at its close continuing to hold the office
852 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of sheriff, which he faithfully discharged for near thirty-four
years, he employed himself in works of public improvement,
and the management of his large private affairs. He resigned
the sheriff’s office in July, 1809, at the age of 77. In January,
1759, he married Hannah, the second daughter of Phineas
Jones, by whom he had thirteen children born as follows, viz.,
Mary, born September 22, 1760, died, November, 1760; Henry,
born February, 1762, died 1784; William, October, 1763, died
unmarried ; Francis, born April, 1765, married Sarah Thurlo
in 1794, and died at sea, without issue ; Thomas, born July 31,
1767; Ann, May, 1769, died June, 1770; Ann, April, 1771,
died unmarried September 16, 1790; George, born February,
1773, married Eleanor Wildrage, February 17, 1802, and died
June 5, 1805, leaving one daughter, Nancy, married to
N. F. Deering, September 15, 1824, and with her husband and
children, is living in Portland; John Fox, born September 28,
1775; Charles and Robert, twins, July, 1777; Robert died the
same year, Charles was drowned in Philadelphia, in command of
aship, unmarried ; Robert born August, 1781; Lucy, born July
13, 1783, married Capt. Samuel McLellan, son of Capt. Arthur
McLellan ; he died in 1824, leaving children. His widow is
the only survivor of the thirteen children, Col Waite died in
1820, at the age of eighty-eight. In the early part of his mar-
ried life, Col. Waite lived in a house on the west side of Ex-
change street, set off to his wife in the division of her father’s
estate. It was a gambrel-roofed house and was moved about
1800 to York street, opposite to where Brown’s sugar-house
stands, and a third story added. It was sold to Mr. Brown, by
his heirs, in 1863, and removed by him further up and to the
opposite side of York street, where it now stands, somewhat
renovated.

Benjamin and Stephen, sons of the elder John, were respect-
able merchants before the revolution ; Benjamin died in Fal-
mouth, to which place he had removed; both of them left
children, some of whom in each branch are now surviving.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 853

Waldo. The Waldo family had great influence in the affairs
of our town forty years previous to the revolution. General
Samuel Waldo, the first of the name who took special interest
in our affairs, was son of Jonathan Waldo, a wealthy merchant
of Boston, and was born in England in 1696. His father was
alarge owner of land in Maine, including a portion of the
Waldo patent, all which he bequeathed to his son Samuel, and
died May 26,1731. In May of the same year, Waldo and
Thomas Westbrook, with several others, were admitted by the
Proprietors of Falmouth to an interest in the common lands,
and from that time to his death, which took place suddenly
in afit on the Penobscot river, May 23, 1759, he was busy
in the purchase and settlement of his lands in Maine. In
1731, he purchased of the Proprietors of Falmouth eight hund-
red acres at Stroudwater ; in 1732 he bought all the interest
of Silvanus Davis, an ancient proprietor in the common lands,
and made numerous other purchases here which gave him a
very extensive domain. In 1752 he went to Scotland, and in
1753 he sent his son Samuel to Germany, to procure emigrants
for the settlement of the Waldo patent; he was the first to
commence the manufacture of lime in Thomaston, which in
the early process was shipped to Boston in hogsheads. He
commanded a regiment and distinguished himself in the cap-
ture of Louisburg, and in 1747 he was appointed by Masssa-
chusetts at the head of an expedition against Crown Point.
In the midst of a brilliant career, and of an active and useful
life, he was suddenly cut down, to the great loss and regret of
the communities of Maine and Massachusetts. He left two
sons, Samuel and Francis; and two daughters, Lucy, married
to Isaac Winslow of Roxbury, who, I think, was the ancestor
of the United States naval commander, that has recently dis-
tinguished himself by sinking the pirate ship Alabama’; and
Hannah, married to Thomas Flucker, who were the par ents of
Lucy, the wife of General Knox. General Waldo was a man
of commanding presence, tall, stout, and of dark complexion.
854 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

He was an accomplished gentleman, active and intelligent, im-
proved by foreign travel, having crossed the Atlantic fifteen
times.

Both of his sons settled in Portland ; of Francis I have spoken
frequently in preceding pages. Samuel was born in Boston in
1721, graduated at Harvard College in 1748, and immedi-
ately after came to Portland and was elected in 1744, represen-
tative to the General Court. In 1753 he went to Germany
and procured a large number of emigrants for the Waldo
patent, whose descendants now largely and happily occupy that
and surrounding territory. In August, 1760, he married Olive
Grizzell of Boston, who died within the year, and in Decem-
ber, 1761, he married Sarah Erving, daughter of the Hon.
John Erving of Boston. His first wife addressed the following
note to Rev. Mr. Smith. “Falmouth, October 25, 1760.. Rev.
Sir: Having for sometime past been communicants in the
church, whereof Dr. Sewall is pastor, we would hereby signify
our desire to join with your church in partaking of the divine
institution of the Lord’s Supper. We are, Rev. Sir, Yours ete.,
Grizzell Waldo, Mary Oliver.””’ He had by his second wife,
four sons and one daughter, viz., Sally, born November 30,
1762; Samuel, March 4, 1764; John Erving, August 28, 1765;
Lucy, August 10, 1766; Francis; all born in Falmouth, and
Ralph born in Boston, after his father’s death. His widow re-
turned to Boston and died in Middletown, Connecticut, in
October, 1817. Mr. Waldo lived in a house which stood on
Middle street, next below the house of Judge Freeman, now
called the “Freeman House.” He was representative of the
town seven years, first in 1744, when he was but twenty-three
years old, and again from 1757 to 1761, and in 1764 and 1765.
He was appointed in 1760 the first judge of Probate of the
county and held the office at the time of his death, which took
place at the age of forty-nine.

His eldest son, Samuel, was the only one of the family who
came back to Portland; he returned and engaged in business
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 855

here until his death, October 19, 1798, at the age of thirty-four
years. He lived in the house which stands on the north-east
corner of Temple and Congress streets, opposite the stone
church. His wife was Sarah Tyng, by whom he had three sons
and one daughter, viz., Samuel, Francis, William, and Sally,
none of whom, we believe, are living. His widow in 1804
married Salmon Chase, the distinguished lawyer, for her sec-
ond husband ; he left her a second time a widow, August 10,
1805, with one daughter, Elizabeth, who married Dr. Howard
of Boston, and died in 1854. The Waldo name does not now
exist here.

Walton. Two distinct families of this name lived here; the
first, Peter, was among the early settlers ; he received a grant
ofa house lot in 1720, and as he had the title of Mr. applied
to him, I infer he was a man of some consequence. He was
town and parish clerk, a joiner by trade, and worked on the
old meeting-house, which stood on the corner of Middle and
India streets. He died March 28, 1733, aged forty-two, with-
out issue or relatives. His. widow, Mary, married Joseph
Pitman of Falmouth. The next comer of the name, was Mark,
who was born in the Isle of Shoals, June 1,1770, and came here
1784. He was by trade a joiner, and was brought up by
Judge Sewall of York. He was a grandson of the Rev. Mr.
Tucke of the Isle of Shoals, a useful minister who died in
1773. In January, 1796, Mr. Walton married Ann, a daugh-
ter of Hugh Barbour, one of our early settlers, who dying No-
vember 38, 1798, he married in 1800 her sister Hannah, who
died in 18038, and in 1805 he married Sally Newman. He
died November 24, 1858, at the age of eighty-six, an honest
man, intelligent and faithful. His children by his first wife
were, Henry, and John Tucke, named for his grandfather, both
living, the latter is well known in our city and vicinity as the
eloquent advocate of temperance. Two sons were also the
issue of the second marriage, Joseph Barbour and Moses N.,
both dead and have no issue. By the third wife he left four
856 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

children, viz., Ann; Hannah, the widow of the late William
Capen; Mark, lately deceased ; William, living in Cape Hliza-
beth, and Charles P., in Gardiner.

Watts, Dr. Edward, was son of Samuel Watts of Chelsea,
who was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Massachu-
setts from 1748 to 1770, when he died. Edward was a sur-
geon and physician, in which capacity he was stationed at Fort
Pownal in 1759, under Brigadier Preble, from which he wrote
to Mr. Longfellow, June 7, that he expected to sail for Casco
by the first of July. On the 22d of May, 1765, he married
Mary, a daughter of Thomas Oxnard of Boston and sister of
Thomas and Edward Oxnard, and the same year came to Fal-
mouth, where he opened an apothecary shop, and practiced his
profession, having for competitors the younger Dr. Coffin and
Dr. John Lowther, a new-comer from England. He soon after
built the three-story wooden house on Middle street, which
was then the largest and most conspicuous in town; the front
yard extending to the street and surrounded by a handsome
fence. The house may still be seen, altered, but not improved,
on Lime street, opposite the Post-office, and occupied as.a tav-
ern. In 1773, Dr. Watts purchased a tract of five acres of
land now in the heart of the city, extending from Congress to
Spring street, and from near Center street to near Oak street.
He opened Brown street through it, which was called first,
Watts lane, and then Beaver street, and also caused Free street
to be opened through his land, which was first called Wind-
mill lane, because it led to the Windmill which stood on the
rocky hill now occupied by the Anderson house. He parceled
this tract out in house lots, after the revolution, and it is now
held under his title.

Dr. Watts died suddenly at Wells, as he was on his return
from Boston, June 9, 1799; and his widow died suddenly Jan-
uary 19, 1812, at the age of seventy. Their children were
Thomas Oxnard, born Mareh 6, 1776, died July, 1790; Edward,
May 11, 1768, sailed as master of a vessel, and never was.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 857

heard from; Sarah, born June 9, 1770, married Jonas Clark,
then a trader in Portland, but who soon after moved to Ken-
nebunk and was collector of the customs in 1800, and judge
of Probate of York county from 1818 to 1828; she died No-
vember 5, 1842. George, born July 20, 1775, lost at sea.
John Osborne, April 5, 1777, a trader in Portland, married
Nabby Cheney of Boston in 1800, and died December 29, 1802.
Francis, born January 21, 1780, died in Boston, April 6, 1845,
was the father of Francis O. Watts, a respected lawyer in Bos-
ton, lately deceased. Polly, born December 4, 1782, married
Captain John L. Lewis of Portland and died May 8, 1844.
Luey, who married Tilly M. Munroe, a trader in Portland,
was the last survivor of the family.

The sister of Judge Samuel Watts, married Dr. Danforth,
the eminent and eccentric physician of Boston.

Weeks, William, was admitted an inhabitant December 14,
1727, on paying ten pounds. He lived first on Chebeag Island,
but moved to town in 1744, and lived in the fields near where
High street passes, where he died in 1749 or 1750. His chil-
dren were William, Lemuel, Abigail, Esther, and Ann; Will-
iam married Rebecca Tuttle in 1749; Lemuel married Peggy
Gooding, a daughter of James Gooding, in 1750; Ann married
Enoch Moody in 1750; Esther married Stephen Woodman in
1752, and died without issue; and Abigail married Benjamin
Mussey. Lemuel left three sons, viz., Lemuel, James, and
Joseph ; and two daughters, Elizabeth, married to Jonathan
Bryant in 1771, and Sarah, married to Daniel Freeman in
1789. The issue of Ann, Abigail, Lemuel, Joseph, and Eliza-
beth are now living among us.

Wheeler, Henry, came from Charlestown, Massachusetts, and
was admitted an inhabitant of Falmouth in 1729, and was
probably married at that time; his wife Sarah died in 1736,
aged forty-one. He married for his second wife, Mary, the
widow of John East in 1736, and occupied the house which

had formerly been East’s, in India street. He was by trade a
55
858 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

blacksmith, and a very active and useful man in the affairs of
the town; was many years justice of the peace, town treasurer
in 1733 and 1734, and one of the selectmen five years. He
died in 1750 in the fifty-eighth year of his age, leaving one son,”
Henry. His widow married for her third husband, James
Gooding in 1753, and died in 1778. Henry, his son, married
Mary Gooding, January 3, 1764, who died the next year, and
in 1767 he married Mary Lane. Henry, the son of the second
Henry, married Mary, a daughter of Major David Bradish, by
whom he had one son, named Henry, and three daughters.
His male descendants of the name are all dead; one of his
great-granddaughters married Henry Usley, Jr., and died in
1864; another married Elbridge G. Waterhouse, and both had
issue; a third is unmarried. His granddaughter Elizabeth,
daughter of the second Henry, died February, 1864, aged eigh-
ty-four, having been three times married, viz., to Cummings,
Berry, and Rice. .

Winslow, James, was a heel-maker, and came from the
old colony before 1728. He was the first person who joined
the Quakers in this town and carried all his family with him.
His will made in 1765 was proved in 1773; his children were
Nathan, Benjamin, James, and Job. Job, son of James Wins-
low, married Margaret Barbour and had three children, viz.,
Lorana, married to Daniel Hall; Ruth, married to Hatevil
Hall; the third daughter married David Torrey, 1738.

Nathan, son of Nathan, and grandson of James, was born
March 27, O. 8., 1743; he was a large land speculator and
clerk of the Proprietors of Falmouth many years, and their
last clerk; he died in 1826.

Winslow, Nathaniel, was among our first settlers, and in
1719 was one of a committee to lay out lots on the Neck ; he
had a grant of an acre lotin 1728, near the fountain in Spring
street, which he conveyed the same year to James Winslow.
We cannot trace him later than that time, and believe that
there are no persons in town who claim descent from him. All
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. Roo

of the name now among us derive their origin from J ames
Winslow.

Wiswall, Enoch, was admitted an inhabitant on the payment
of ten pounds, August 27,1727, and had a house lot granted
him in the upper end of Fore street, on which he lived, and
the same year a three acre lot. He was son of Enoch Wiswall
of Dorchester, and with his brother William came from that
place. William also lived on Fore street, on the spot after-
ward occupied by his son-in-law, Daniel Brazier. He was
drowned December 19, 1794, aged sixty-three. His children
were, Elizabeth, born in 1758, married Joseph McKenney ;
Enoch, married Jenny Hoit, and died in 1811; William, mar
ried Sally Thomes in 1785; John, married Polly Hill, and diea
in 1803 ; Oliver, married Hannah McKenney ; Dorcas, mar-
ried Daniel Brazier, December 30, 1788 ; Polly, married, first,
Abner McDonald in 1781, second, William Johnson, March
18, 1802; and Elizabeth, who was the last survivor of the
children.

Woodbury, Joshua, was admitted an inhabitant December
14, 1727, on the payment of ten pounds to the town treasury ;
he settled at Cape Elizabeth. He descended from John Wood-
bury, who came from Somersetshire, in England, to Cape Ann,
to form a fishing establishment there with Roger Conant, in
1624; and who afterward moved to Beverly, and died in 1641.
His son Humphrey settled in Beverly, and had a son Humphrey
and several other children. It is from John that all of the
name in this part of the country descended. Joshua, the first
settler here, was married when he came; he died in 1749, leav-
ing a widow Sarah, and sons Joshua, Peter, and John, and
daughters Mary, married to Jonathan Lovitt in 1736; Mehita-
ble to John Robinson, 1738; Sarah to Daniel Sawyer, 1739;
and Ann. His son Joshua married Mary Cobb in 1737 ; Peter
married Hannah White, a daughter of John White, in 1752.
Israel Woodbury married Ann, another daughter of John
White ; and Andrew Crockett married Abigail, another daughter
S60 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

of that old settler at Cape Elizabeth, who was son of the Rev.
John White, of Gloucester, Cape Ann, and born in Gloucester,
in 1704, admitted an inhabitant of Falmouth in 1728. Mem-
bers of the White family were settled in Cape Elizabeth pre-
vious to the second Indian war, in which one of them was
killed. John White was settled near Simonton’s cove, and
his property there was divided among his children. William
White, another son of Rev. John, came with his brother John
to Falmouth, married Christian Simonton in 1736, and died
leaving seven children. The Simonton, White, and Woodbury
property, lay about the cove; part of it was sold to the
Thrashers, Benjamin and Ebenezer, and on part of it Fort
Preble is erected. Capt. William Woodbury, who died in this
city, April 29, 1861, in the ninetieth year of his age, was son
of Israel Woodbury, above named, and Ann White, and was
consequently great-grandson of the Rev. John White. Capt.
Woodbury was born in Cape Elizabeth, October 2, 1772, and
as were most of the Cape Elizabeth boys, was brought up at’
sea. He was for many years one of the most able and suc-
cessful shipmasters out of this port. Honest, temperate,
faithful, and determined, he pursued his occupation steadily
and prudently for the best interest of his employers, and then
retired from the sea with a capital sufficient to conduct com-
mercial enterprises. He was of that noble company of ship-
masters, who, well seasoned and disciplined on the ocean, took
in sail and moored in safe anchorage at home — the Tuckers,
Freemans, Crabtrees, Greeleys, Merrills, Musseys, Mountforts,
Weekses, Choates, McLellans; and adorned their mercantile
lives by the same good qualities which had advanced them in
their early profession. Capt. Woodbury was the prime mover
in establishing a marine railway here in 1826, which for thir-
ty years proved a most successful enterprise. He was also
twenty-seven years president of the Merchants Bank. In
private life and in every capacity, he was upright, fearless, and
honest. » In 1798 he married Mary, a daughter of Capt.. Wm.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. S61

Hoole, who came here from Boston previous to the revolution,
with whom he lived happily for sixty-three years, and who
survives him. By her he had one son, William W., a merchant
and now presideit of the Ocean Insurance Co., and_ five
daughters, one married to Mr. Mitchell, of North Yarmouth,
who are both dead, leaving one son; one married Daniel F.
Emery of this city; another married Joseph W. Woodbury ;
and two daughters unmarried.

Woodman. Two of this name came from Newbury, prior
to the revolution. Stephen, son of Benjamin and Elizabeth
Longfellow Woodman, was born in Newbury, February 23,
1728. His mother was a daughter of William Longfellow and
Anne Sewall, born 1688, married to Woodman, March 1, 1711.
Stephen, their son, married in 1752, Esther, a daughter of
William Weeks, and died without issue, January 23, 1790.
Benjamin, the other early settler was son of David Woodman,
of Newbury, and grandson of Benjamin and Elizabeth Long-
fellow Woodman. He wasa trader on Fore street. Benjamin
married Mary Freeman, February 25, 1781, and died April 20,
1789, leaving one son, John, who will be remembered by our
inhabitants forty years ago, as an admirable singer, and a
genial man. He was afterward cashier of the bank at East-
port, where he died in 1832, aged fifty, unmarried.

Correction. After my notice of Joseph Noyes, son of Josiah,
on page $27, had passed through the press, I received some
facts which enable me to correct that article. Joseph Noyes
was born September 14, 1740, and was ¢hree times married ;
his first wife was Anne Moody, of Newbury, to whom he was
married by Rev. Mr. Smith, in 1763; she died within a year
of the marriage, and left no issue. His second wife was the
widow Stickney, by whom he had two children, Jacob and
Anne, as mentioned. His third wife was Elizabeth Turell, of
Boston, by whom he had Betsey, married to Capt. William
Lowell, and died September 19, 1858, aged seventy-eight ; and
862 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Josiah, who was lost at sea in 1810, at the age of twenty-eight.
She died in Boston in 1815.

Josiah, the father of Joseph, had thirteen children, viz.,
Hannah, born October 28, 1738, died in childhood. Joseph,
September 14, 1740; Mary, March 15, 1743, married to Capt.
Paul Ellis, killed at the battle of Monmouth, 1778, second, Col.
Isaac Parsons, of New Gloucester; Cutting and Benjamin,
twins, February 27, 1745, Benjamin died young; Oliver, Sep-
tember 27, 1747, died young; Jane, June 28, 1749, married,
first, Daniel Hutchinson, second, Moses Merrill, of Falmouth ;
Hannah, December 2, 1751, married, first, Joseph Quinby,
second, Amos Lunt; Eunice, October 26, 1753, married to
Col. James Lunt; Ann, October 12, 1755; Josiah, September
20, 1757 ; Moses, November 16, 1759; Thomas, February 4,
1762, married to Margaret Sutherland. Most of the above
sons, and sons-in-law, were active participators in the war of
the revolution.

I accidentally omitted from my catalogue of authors and
writers, page 752, who had been residents in Portland, the
names of Rev. Isaac Weston, Dr. Isaac Ray, and Rev. William
B. Hayden.

Mr. Weston was a native of Plymouth, Mass., and was born
January 14,1787. He came to Portland in 1802, and became
a clerk for the elder Charles Rogers, and afterward for Robert —
Boyd. From these positions he engaged in school teaching,
first as an assistant at the academy, then as a teacher in town
and private schools. In 1816 he commenced the study of
divinity with Dr. Payson, and was licensed to preach in July,
1817. From that time to the present, he has been a faithful,
devoted minister of the gospel, devoting his leisure hours in
the preparation of essays, interesting reminiscences, and the
publication of a biography of his beloved teacher and guide in
religious inquiry, the Rev. Dr. Payson. In 1810 he married
Mary, a daughter of John and Mary Emmons of this town, by
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 863

whom he had several children, of whom it may be sufficient to
say that Edward P. Weston. the present able superintendent of
the common schools, and editor of the “Northern Monthly” is
one. “

Dr. Isaac Ray, was a native of Beverly, Mass., he received
his medical degree at Bowdoin, in 1827, and the honorary
degree of A. M., from the same institution. He established
himself in the practice of his profession at Hastport and Port-
land, from which he was drawn in 1841, on the resignation of
Dr. Knapp, to the charge of the Maine Asylum for the Insane.
Here he distinguished himself so much by his clear insight
into the causes of insanity, and his judicious treatment and
suggestions, that he was sought by the founders of the Butler
Asylum, at Providence, to be its first superintendent, and was
sent abroad to inform himself in the most approved modes of
constructing and managing such institutions. . His able report
on that occasion and his numerous other reports both at Au-
gusta and Providence, have placed him at the head of profes-
sional men in this country on that speciality. The work which
first brought him into notice was his treatise on Medical Juris-
prudence, a work which has ever since been of standard author-
ity in our courts. His last work was a beautiful duodecimo
volume on “Mental Hygiene,” in which the important subject
is treated both .in a scientific and popular manner. As a
writer, he is perspicuous, intelligent, and forcible. He married
Abigail, a daughter of the late Jolin Frothingham, of Portland,
by whom he has a son, who, traveling in his own footsteps, has
become his assistant at the Butler Asylum.

Rev. Wm. B. Hayden, from a trader in New York has be-
come an acceptable preacher in the Swedenborgian, or New
Jerusalem Church. He has published several treatises on
theological subjects connected with his denominational prefer-
ences, which have given him a wide reputation as a sound
thinker and clear writer. A further notice of him may be

found. in our previous pages.
864 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Extinct names in Portland. Ihave been strongly impressed
by the fact of the large number of families and names which
in the brief period of our history have entirely disappeared
from our community. And as I have examined the annals of
older countries, the same fact is observable. The proverb
among the aristocracy of England is, that fifty miles from
London, a family will last a hundred years, at one hundred
miles, two hundred years, and soon. All the English duke-
doms created before the reign of Charles II. are gone, except
Norfolk and Somerset. The House of Lords in 1863, could
not claim among its members a single male descendant of any
one of the barons chosen to enforce Magna Charta, nor any
one who fought at Agincourt in 1415. Aubrey de Vere, the
twentieth Karl of Oxford, died in 1702, and with him the oldest
title in Europe after an existence of five hundred and forty-
seven years. Among scientific and literary men in England
who left no family to perpetuate their names, may be men-
tioned Shakspeare, Milton, Bacon, Newton, Pope, Mansfield,
Pitt, Fox, Hume, Butler, Locke, Bentham, James Watt, and
the late George Stephenson. In our town and neighborhood
the catalogue of extinct names is quite large, embracing our
earliest settlers, Cleeves, Munjoy, Mitton, Tyng, Cammock,
Bonighton of Biddeford, Gorges, Gendall, Jocelyn, Powsland,
Macworth, Scottow, Pullen, Phippen, Wakely, Winter, Waldo,
Bangs, Crandall, Cotton, East, Hobart, Milk, Mosely, Bowdoin,
Boutineau, Freese, Royal, Breton, Seacomb, Felt, Oakman,
Seales, Thornton, Collier, Wilmot, Wass, Prichard, Shute,
Sandford, Howell, Oliver, Hope, Crabtree, Westbrook, Dupee,
George, Homer, Cooper, Cobham, Delano, Bradish, Mayo,
Pumery, Cromwell, Irish, Jameson, Jefferds, Bish, Stone,
Hurst, Shove, Dunevan, Webber, and many others. The list
will undoubtedly surprise those who have not given attention
to the subject.
APPENDIX.

No. I.
CLEEVES vs. WINTER.

From the Record of a Court held at Saco in 1640.

Tue plaintiffe declareth that for ten years last past or thereaboute he was lawfully seized
and in peaceable possession of a certain tract of land lyeing within this province, knowne by
the name of Spurwink the weh. lott of land of two thousand acres the plaint. held as his owne
inheritance by virtue of a pmise made unto him by you Sr. Ferdinando Gorges, being then
one of the Pattentees unto whom wth the rest of the Pattentees was assigned all the land in
New England betweene forty and forty-eight degrees of porth latitude, wth the government
thereof— weh. pm‘ise 1 was made unto me for my encouragement before my coming into this
country in any place unposeéssed, as is to you well knowne.

The plaint. further declareth that aboute the time aforesaid he joyneing himself in p’tener-
shipp 2 wth. Richard Tucker then of Spurwink, who had also a right of inheritance there, the
weh. he bought and purchased for a valueable consideration of Richard Bradshaw, who was
formerlie setled there by Capt. Walter Neale by virtue of a commission to him given by some
of the lords Pattentees, and soe as appearcth the said Richard Tucker was lawfully posessed of
aright of inheritance at and in the said Spurwink.*

Alsoe the plaint. further declareth that he joyneing his right by pm’ise and posession wth.
his pt’ner’s right of purchase and posession, and soe being accountable to his said pt’ner, they
both agreed to joyne their rights together, and there to build, plante and continue: wch.
when the plaint. had done and was there settled for two years or thereabouts, this defendt.
Jno. Winter came and pretended an interest there by virtue of a succeeding pattent surruptic-
iouslie obtained, and soe by force of armes expelled and thrust away the plaint. from his house,
lands and goods; all wch. the said defendt. to this day unjustly and unlawfully detaineth and
keepeth contrarie to equitie and justice for wch. wrongs and injuries the plaint. in this
Courte commenceth his action of trespass upon the case for the trover, and demandcth for his
damage two hundred pounds stcrling—for all wch. the plaint, of this Courte humbly desireth,
and in his Ma’ties 3 name requireth a legal proceeding according to his Ma'ties lawes.

The defendt. John Winter cometh into this Courte and saith that he defendeth all the
wrongs, injurics and damage where and when he ought—first he answeareth and saith that the
plaint. was never lawfully seised and posessed of two thousand acres of land knowne by the
name of Spurwink, nor any pte or pcell 4 thereof as his owne inheritance by any lawfull grant
from Sr. Ferdinando Gorges (in manner and form as the plaint. declareth) for the plaint. de-
claring a pmise to him made by Sr. Ferdinando Gorges nether showeth herein the year, day

1 Promise. 2 Partnership. 3 Majesties. 4 Part nor parcell.
*(Bradshaw’s patent was dated November, 1631, the same day with Thomas Cammock’s of
Black Pboint.]
866 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

nor place where and when this pmise was mae, nor any consideration, weh. the plaint. ought
here to have declared, for by the law no man can have action lye against another upon a bare
pmise, wch. said pmise the said Sr. Ferdinando Gorges doth utterly deny. And whereas the
plaint. declareth that Richard Tucker had also a right of inheritance at Spurwink aforesaid by
purchase from Richard Bradshaw, who was formerly settled there by Capt. Walter Neale by
virtue of a commission to him given by some of the lords pattentees, and that the plaint,
joyned his right wth. the right of the said Rich, Tucker his ptener there to build, plant and
continue. To this the defendt. answearcth that Capt. Walter Neale had then no power from
anie of the Lords pattcntees to dispose of any land within this province but only in Pascattaqua.
And the defendt. in answeare to the plaint. further saith that the President and Councell of
New-England by their deed indented bearing date the First day of December, 1631, for the con-
siderations therein expressed, did give, grant, allott, assigne, and confirme unto Robert Tre-
lawny and Moses Goodyeare of Plimouth, marchants, their heires, associates and assignes for
ever, all those lands and hereditaments with appurtnances, situate, lyeinge and being alonge
the sea coast eastward betweene the land formerly granted to Capt. Tho. Cammock his
heires, associatts and assignes and the bay and river of Cascoe, extending and to be extended
northwards into the Mayne land soe farre as the limitts and bounds of the land granted to the
said Capt. Tho. Cammock as aforesaid—doe or ought to extend towards the north, wth all
and singular the pmisses | with appurtnances as by the said deede indented more at large it
doth and may appeare—the said deede writinge being under the hands of the Right honorable
Robert Earle of Warwick, Edward Lord Gorges, and Sr. Ferdinando Gorges, knight, in the be-
halfe of the whole Councell; now this defendt being an associatt to the aforesaid Robert Tre-
lawney and Principall agent for him in those partes, upon receiveing a coppie of the aforesaid
deed indented wth orders for the takeing and receiveing livery and posession of the said land
and pmisses, did forthwith repaire to Capt. Walter Neale, Henry Joselin, Leiftenant, and
Richard Vines, gent. who were authorised and appvinted by the said President and Councell
to be their lawfull atturneyes or atturney, they or any of them to deliver full and peaceable
posession of the pmisses, or some pte in the name of the whole, to the said Robte Trelawney
and Moses Goodyeure, or to their certaine atturney or atturneyes. Whereupon the aforesaid
Richard Vines on the 21th day of July, 1632, and likewise againe on the 30th day of the same
month, did give livery and posession of pte of the pmisses in the name of the whole unto the
defendt for the use of the aforesaid Robert Trelawney and Moses Goodyeare uccording to law
and the true intent and meaning of the aforesaid deed. After this that the defendt was law-
fully seised of all the land mentioned in the aforesaid deed, and finding the plaint unlawfully
setled at Spurwink aforesaid upon pte of the aforesaid land granted to the said Robert Tre-
lawney and Moses Goodyeare their heires, associatts, and assignes by the aforesaid president
and Councell for New-England and Sr Ferdinando Gorges, knight, did in a friendly manner
(without force) warne the said plaint. to leave the posession of the said land at Spurwink
showing him withall the contents of the aforesaid deed (and withall by order from the said
Robt Trelawney did proffer the plaint. that if he pleased to become a tenant to the sald Robt
Trelawny on such conditions as the defendt pyounded that he might still remayne there in
some other pte of his land and enjoy the same accordingly, weh the plaint then refused to ac-
cept of but still continued his unlawfull clayme by virtue of a prmise from Sr Ferdinando
Gorges. And hereupon the defendt repaired to Capt. Walter Neale then Governor of those
ptes, and required justice of him for the removeinge of the plaint out of the aforesaid poses-
sion, and to give the defendt liverie and posession thereof accarding to the aforesaid deed,
whereupon the said Capt. Walter Neale required the plaint. to yeeld up the said posession,
affirming that he had no right to that land. But soone after the plaintiff left his said posses-
sion to the defendt. And this the defendt is ready to affirme, and for the residue of the differ-
ence he humbly accepteth the power of the Courte to heare and determine their pleas of this
matter, and so putteth himselfe upon the countrey, :

1 Premises.
APPENDIX, 867

The plaint. and defendt. hereupon joyne issue and put theinselves upon the trial of a Jury,

viz.
1. Richard Foxill, gent. 7. Jno. Smith
2. Mr. Tho. Page 8. Jno. Baker
3. Mr. Francis Robinson 9 Arnold Allin
+4. Mr. Willm. Cole 10. Willm Scallock
5. Mr. Tho. Williams 11. Henry Warwick
6. Jno. West 12. Jno. Wadly

The Jury find for the plaint the house and land enclosed containing foure acres or there-
aboute joyning wth the said house, and give him eighty pounds for damage, and twelve shillings
and six pence for the cost of the Courte.

Judgement is given upon this verdict by the worsp’ll Tho. Gorges, Tlenry Josclin, Richard
Bonython and Eeward Godfrey, and execution hy them awarded. Mr. Rich, Vines refused to
give judgment on this verdict.

No. ILI.

PETITION OF ROBERT JORDAN IN 1648, AND THE PROCEEDINGS
THEREON,

To the right honoured Alexander Righy, President, Mr. George Cleave, Deputy President, to-
gether with the whole body of the general Assembly of the Province of Lygonia assembled
this 12th day of September, 1648.—Your Petitioner, sheweth.

Whereas he hath by the order of the authority here estated, endeavoured to the utmost to
accomplish the last Testament of Mr. John Winter, deceased, for the satisfying of whose lega-
cies he hath emptied himself of his proper estate, the mostness of which the said Mr. John
Winter his estate lieth in the hands of the executurs of Mr. Robert Trelawny, and hath
been ly them detained for these many years, notwithstanding the deceased John Winter did
in his life time press them for an accompt, as likewise hath your Petitioner ly divers sw:
letters and the mediation of friends addressed unto them, for the pass of accompts and rectify-
ing of former proceeds the distance of place allowing him no other means to that end; yet still
he is left without hope of any timous recovery of the said estate; neither can he so much as
receive a letter from them, but is made to know that their intentions in appearance are to de-
prive your Petitioner of what he hath in his hands, in common employment with them, and
80 to forbear all satisfaction of dues, until the heir of the said Trelawny (being now about seven
or eight years old) shall come to full age, which will tend to the destruction of your Petitioner
and his whole family, as also to the prejudice of this growing Commonwealth ; your Pctitioner
being desirous, if he could obtain his rights, to employ his estate to the furtherance of public
good, from which he is now disenabled.—Your Petitioner, therefore, humbly craveth your
serious consideration of this his desperate condition and that in your wisdoms you would either
by yourselves or a committee by you appointed, take an examination of the accompts hetwixt
them and upon the invent thereof that you would in your care provide, that your Petitioner
may have secured aud sequestered unto himself and for his singular use, what he hath of the
said Trelawny in his hands,or atleast so much as youshall find due from him to your Petitioner.
It being but a case of common equity, that whereas you by law having engaged your Petitioner
to satisfie debts and bequeathments, you should likewise sce to the safeguard, and procure the
dutys that should make the same satisfaction for which legal fayour your blessedness shall

 

be prayed for by your Petitioner, Robert Jordan.
September 14th, 1648. This Petition is grauted by this assembly and referred to a committee

of this house, viz. Mr. Gearge Cleave, Mr. Wm. Royall, Mr. Richard Foxwell, Mr. Hene: Watts,
868 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

to be satt on ye tenth day of October next, at Richman’s Island, to make Report of the state

of the thing petitioned for, to this Court, at the next Sessions, under tho hand of the clerk of

this Assembly, Peyton Cooke.

Taken out of the original—examined and recorded this 14th Angust, 58. Pr. Edw: Rish-
worth, Re: Cor.

A true copy from the Records of Deeds for York County, Maine, the first book, pages 57 and
58.

The Report of us Commissrs. for the business of the Plantation at Richmond’s Island, as it
was taken by order, the tenth day of October, and is delivered to the General Assembly, this
16th December, 1648. :

1. We find by an instrument bearing date the 26th of March, 1636, under Mr. Robert Tre-
lawny’s hand, that the full government of the plantation was by him wholly committed to Mr.
John Winter.

2. We find Mr. John Winter then had one tenth part of the patent Mr. Trelawny then had
or thereafter should have and that Mr. John Winter then had the tenth part of all things on
the plantation and ought to have the tenth part of all the profits that should thence arise.

3. We find that Mr. John Winter had then paid his part for what had been disbursed, and
was to pay from time to time, his tenth part of what should be disbursed.

4. We find that Mr. John Winter was to have out of the general forty pounds pr. annum in
money and a share for his personal care and charge.

5. We find that the whole disposing of all things was committed to Mr John Winter, which
Mr. Robert Trelawny promiseth to approve of. :

6. We find that Mr. Robert Trelawny acknowledgeth to have remaining in his hands one
hundred and twenty pounds of Mr. John Winter's toward the payment of his one tenth part
of his disbursments, on the ship Agnis and one other ship to be sent on Micheelmas following.

7. We find that Mr. Robert Trelawny promiseth to manage the business in England for the
advantage of Mr. John Winter, as for his own advantage in all things.

8. We find by an accompt under the hand of Mr. Robert Trelawny, bearing date the 17th
of March, 1639, that Mr. John Winter left in Mr. Robert Trelawny his hand 120 pounds as
abovesaid, the profit of which said sum from the 26th day of March, to that time, being three
yeurs, did arise to the sum of one hundred twenty and five pounds 17s. 9d. so the total due to
Mr. John Winter at that time was £245. 17s. 9d. out of which sum Mr. Robert Trelawny
doth deduct sixty-seven pounds seven shillings and eleven pence for such sums he had in
the said interim disbursed for Mr. Winter his particular accompt, so Mr. Robert Trelawny doth
acknowledge there was due then unto Mr. Winter for balance of accompts for all things
in return £178. 9s. 10d. £178. 9s. 10d.

9. We find by a book of accompts left by Mr. John Winter under his hand, from the year
1636, to the last of June, 1639, due unto him for wages and shares for himself and servants
£178. 9s. 9 14d. of which his tenth is £17. 16s. 11d. so his due is £160. 12s, 10 14d.

10. We find from the 24th of May, 36 to the 5th of June °39, Mr. Winter did disburse
for the plantation servants £4. 9s. 10d. his tenth part is nine shillings, so his due rest-
ing is, z z “ = . 3 ¢ a : £4. Os. 10d.
so the total due to Mr. John Winter in March, 1639, is £343. 3s.6 1-4d. which said sum,
according to the improvement formerly allowed by Mr. Robert Trelawny, doth and will
amount from the 17th of March, 1639, to the 17th of March, 1648, to above the sum of
£1393, 128. Od. £1893. 12s. Od.

A Report of further procecds to be added to the former—

1. We find by letters, under the hand of Mr. Robert Trelawny, on the 20th of July, 1639,
the barke Richmond about thirty tons, improved likewise in the years aforesaid, was sent by
Mr. John Winter for England loaden with six thousand of pipe staves, which cost here
£08. 08s Od. per thousand, of which staves Mr. John Winter’s one tenth part is £6, 14s 3 1-2d.
and according to former improvement, doth amount unto above £26. 17s. 0d.

2. We find that the 1-10 part of the sd bark and the profit by her employment doth apper-
tain tu Mr. John Winter ever since her arrival in Englund, September, 1639, having been ever
APPENDIX. 869

since solely employe: by Mr. R. Trelawny, which 1-10 we estimate for her Ifull, rigging, and
provision at £20, and accor ling to improvement alowed by Mr. Trelawny in former yeurs is
re £80.

3. We find by a book of acps from 1640 to the 10th of June 41 due to Mr. John Winter
ea 2s, 2d. whereot his 1-10 part is £11. 15s. 4a. so his principal is £105, 16s. 10 1-2d. ‘and
according to allowance June 10th, 1645, ariseth to above £320.

4. We find by a book of acps from 1641 to the last of May 1642 due to Mr. John Winter the
sum of £96. 14s. 1d. whereof his 1-10 part is £9. 15s, Od. so his due is £87. 1s. which May last
1648 doth arise to above £176.

5. We find by the same book due to Mr. J. Winter for the supply of the ship Hercules
£47, 12s. 9d. which according to former allowance in May 1648 doth arise to above £142. 16.

6. We find a certain quantity of goods delivered by Jolin Winter from the plantation
amounting to £63. 10s. 2d. whereof his 1-10 is £6. 13s. and according to allowance is £19, 19s.

7. We find by a book of acpts to the last of May 1643 Mr. J. Winter Dr. £31. 6s. 2d. of which
1-10 is £3. 2s. Sd. so is due to the plantation £28. 3s. 6d. toward the payt. whereof we find dis-
bursed by Mr. J. Winter £5. 15s. 10d. of which his 1-10 is 11s. 7d. so he hath paid £5. 4s. 4d,
also we find certain goods delivered from the plantation of which Mr. Winter's 1-10 is £2. 3s.
Id, so having paid £7. 7s. 5d. he is still Dr. for that year £20. 16s. 1d.

8. We find by a book of xcps. to the last of May 1644 Mr. Winter Cr. the sum of £230. 19s.
Gd. also for disbursements on the servants £2. 19s, 8d. so the whole is £233. 18s. 9d—(9.) We
find Mr. Winter Dr. the same year £76. 17s. of which his 1-10 is £7. 13s. 8d. so is due to the
plantation £69. 3s. (10.) We find that Mr. Winter is Dr. for the years 1644 and 45 the sum of
£488. 16s. 7d. for which his 1-10 is £48. 17s. Sd. so there resteth £439. 18s 11d. (11.) We find
Mr. Winter isCr. in the same book £409. 11s. 8. of which his 1-10 is £40. 19s. 1 1-2d. so there
is due to Mr. Winter £360, 12s. 6 1-2.so on the balance of these years there is due to Mr.
Winter the sum of £64 13s. 31-2d which according to former allowance from the last of May
1644 to the last of May 1648 didarise to above £150 17s. 8d. (12.) We find by a letter from
Mr. John Trelawny one of the Ex’rs, that Mr. Robert Trelawny gave to Mr. J. Winter the
sum of £12. in legacy, so the total since 1639 is £1393. 12s. 0d.

A report of what we find by letters that Mr. R. Trelawny hath disbursed for Mr. J. Winter
ov his own particular acp. 1. We find by an invoice Mr. Trelawny disbursed £25. 5s. Od. in
the year 1642 and is according to allowance £72. ds. Od. (2.) We find by letters £3. paid to
Mary Hooper by his order 1643 and is £8. (3) We find £15. pd by letters to Mary Hooper
1644 and is £35. (4.) We find by invoice sent by Mr. Trelawny his Ex'r in the year 1644 £16,
0s. 6d. Portugal money worse by £17.in the hundred than our English and according to al-
lowance may be about £34, (5.) A bill of Exch. pd. by Mr. John Tolland £10. and is by al-
lowance about £20.

According to this Report Mr. John Winter is Cr. £2322. 1s. 8d

and“ ss “«  « Dr. 168. 5s.

£2153. 16s. 0d. remaining.

A Report of what we find Mr. Trelawny hath had sent unto him by. Mr. J. Winter since the
year 1639. ([.) We find Mr. J. Winter hath sent unto him in several ships in fish mer-
chantable and refuse 3656 1-2 quint. 2nd of Core fish 381-2 quint. Train Oil 11 hhds. fish
peas 28 1-2 which fish peas and train according to price here cannot amount to less than
£2292,— Also we find he hath had Mr. Winter’s 1-10 of the bark Richmond ever since
her departure in 1639, also he hath recd the whole yoyage made by the Hercules in 1641.—Alsv
he hath reed the whole voyage made by the Murgery in 1642, also he hath rec the whole voy-
age made by theship Hercules in 1643, Also he hath had the whole imployment of the ship
Richmond and recd to himself all her several voyages in all which Mr. J. Winter ought to have
his part according to his interest, but hath not recd. Besides his other adventures which his
stock of money in Mr. Trelawny’s hand, would and haply did carry on to profit. at least wise
Mr. Trelawny did engage to turn all to advantage as for himself; also we find theré is due to
Mr. John Winter the 1-10 part of the ship Iichmond, which in the former ucp. is not valued
because not belonging to the petitioner only her employment from 1641 to 1645 belongeth to
870 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

the petitioner and is to he added to the above acp. as in discretion it may be valued. We
also find that by letters Mr. Winter desired a pass of acps. but it doth not appear that any
lhath been sent only a promise from Mr. John Trelawny that thfey shall be sent when the
peace of England is settled.

Theacp. of Robert Jordan since his attor aearetits deputed by J. Winter May 20 1645.

The plantation Cr. from 1645 to June 1, 1646 £241. 18s. 10d. whereof the 1:10 is £24. 3s, 11d.
so there resteth £217. 14s. 11d. The plantation Cr. from 1645, to Oct. 1, 1648, £924. 3s. 8d. 1-10,
whereof is 92. 8. 41-2. so there rests £832. 15. 31-2. The plantation Cr. for goods sent on par-
ticular acp. £192. 4.5. The plantation Cr. for goods in general £60. 3, whereof 1-10 is £6. 3.
01-2. The plantation Cr. for pd. by bill of Exch. £30. £1278. 17.8.

Contra Debitor. From 1645 to June 1646, £248. 18. 8.1-10 is £24.18. go there is resting £224
0. 0. 1646 to Oct. 10, 1648 plantation Dr. £1152. 9. 3. of which 1-10th is £115. 4.11 1-4. so there
rests 1037 4. 33-4. In 16451 sent to Bilboa on the plantation acp. 140 quint. merchantable
fish, my 1-10th being 14 quint. £14.—total Dr. 1275. 4. 31-2. so it appears I remain Dr. to the

lantation £3.13. 4. 1-4, which you shall find added to the inventory —This writing was at-
tested to by the oaths of George Cleeve and Henry Watts, July 16, 1658, before us Saml. Sy-
monds, Thos. Wiggins, Nich. Shapleigh, Ed. Rishworth.

Inventory of the property belonging to Trelawny’s plantation.

A true inventory of all the goods cattle and chattels that now are on the plantation at Rich-
mond island and Spurwink in joint ownership between Mr. Robert Trelawny mercht. decd
and Mr. John Winter decd, taken by com’n this 10th Oct. A. D. 1648 and by us approved
according to our knowledge and conscience.

Imp. The land is left in suspense for want of appearance of any right Mr. Trelawny hath in
it, only the court to adjudge how long the petitioner shall retain the possession.

To the housing and several buildings on the island and at Spurwink we value to be worth
£80. “3 boats in use with their nioorings and appurt. £28. “2 old boats out of use at £2.
“3 pieces of ordnance with a small number of shot, their sponges worm and ladles £50. “4
muskets, 3 halberts, 5 long pikes, 3 old fowling pieces out of all order and “4 old swords £3. 10.
1 murderre and two chambers £1. 10. “The ministers bedding, the communion vessels, one
cushion, one table cloth, 11-2 pint pot £4. 1 old skiff, 1 old canoe £1. The stage with a quan-
tity of old cask £10. 6. 1old adze with 3 old axes 5s. 6 old hoes 1 old drawing knife 2s. 6
doz hooks at 16s. 5 doz lines at £7 3 lbs. twine 4s. 6d. 1 doz and 4 Newfoundland lines £1. 6 Ib
match £1. 0.6. 2 whip saws 1 thwart saw, 1 old thwart saw 11s.

1 old drum, e . ‘ a . 5s.
4 beetle rings, 5 iron eat 8, 1 old Fins Hale, a F i 8
2 bill hooks, 7 reap hooks whole and broken, . 7 e - 10
3 balls 2 iron bars, 1 of them broken, c é 3 . 10
2 grinding stones, 1 troweil, 5 . 5 6d.
1 old pick ax, 1 tining lanthorn, 3 pieces sii danthon n, : . 36
2 pitch forks for hay, é ‘ ~ a: . ° - 16
2shovels and 1 spade, ‘ a . . 3 10
1 old mill out of alluse, . : - “ é : £1
1 old bozier, at 2 ‘ : 1
1 brewing kettle, lold kettle, 1 Brench Lottie, Li iron $

kettle, and two iron pots, 1 pitch pot, * £6 eur £201. 1s,

£o8. dd

2 trifoots, 2 iron pothangers, 1 pair of pot hooks, : 4 i 015 0
1 old chamber pot, 2 tin platters, 1 tin basin, and 1 qt. pot, ‘ . 0 6 6
1 water bucket and acowle, . a x e .0 2 6
1 pair of tongs, 5 milk pails, 1 water bucket, 2 banal 3 ‘

wooden platters, 1 churn and 12 milk pans, . .14 6

5 chests, 25 Ibs. Lead, 1 pr steelyards, 1 pr scales, 3 auld and 4
shares out jouse - 3 . 5 ‘ r .219 0
APPENDIX.

2 old wheelbaurr,

 

v3, 16 white hats moth eaten, 1 old flagg, some
small carthern ware and 40 lbs hoops

4 cows, 7

12 calves shoraat one is since dewl, ,

18 goats young and old,

about 20 bushels of meal,

+ hundred of 2s nails

a small quantity of musty peas

1H of ewt of bread

4ewt of beef

21 cheeses

169 Ibs of butter

1 seine and 2 vld nets

7 pickaxes and + trows

6 old bags

22 Ibs sqap :

24 pigs on the island young wad old -

about 90 hds salt

2 bushels malt !

about 30 Ibs cannon powder

10 fishing leads 3 ‘

1 lock and key, 2 splitters and 5 gutters

Goods at Spurwink to be added.

13 cows

6 yearlings

5 oxen for the yoke

1 bull

5 bullocks,

4 steers £20, 3 heifers 9

5 steers

16 pigs of two years uae vantage

7 pigs of L year old

3 boars cut this spring,

2 sucking pigs

to be further added 1 kettle

2 tubs, 5 milk pans, 2 cheese fats, 1 post and niaitiees 1 hand saw,
1 pickax, 2 old boziers, 6 old scythes .

lhargubus, 1 fowling piece, a quantity of old iron, pr. of heals
6 harrow tines, 2 plow chains, 1 dung pot, 6 yokes, 1 pot hanger,

1 old hoe, 2 wooden platters and 1 old lanthorne

So the general total is

the tenth whereoff is

which being deducted there resteth to Mr. Trelawny and is at

your disposal
the crop of corn, peas, barley and ihe hte we Care ‘il

the 1-10 whereoff is

So the totalis

» i
20 0
13:10
+10
410
0 8
- 010
0 5
. £10
115
-4 0
410
- 018
0 6
- 012
18 0
. 65 10
010
- 110
0 5
-0 9

wosooosocsd

coos

eocoSooces

153 19

co

20 0
728) 0
3 10
- 210
0 5

oo
ty
eoococcoooso

232 10
20

ocloo

co

146

7 8 6
594 1 38

 

. 59 8 11-2

534.13 11-2

53 0 0
5 6 0
582 7 0

 

871
872 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

An act added by Robt. Jordan since this inventy. was taken the 10th

Oct. 1645. Plantation is Cr.
due to the plantation 133 ee of fish sold to Mr. Hill, but not yet
paid * ‘ . 8415 9
whereof the 1-10is_. 2 ‘ 8 9 61-2
so there rests due to Mr. Trelawny F 2 7210 51-2
2-3 of 2 hhds of train oil . " 7 3 ¢ 310 0
21-2hhds of mackerel . : ‘ ¢ 6 0 0

 

 

82 0 51-2

An account added by Robt Jordan.

The plantation is Dr. for his charge 1-2 a year 20 0 0
for his ministry as by composition 1-2 a year ri 4 r 10 0 0
for his 1-10 part of train and mackerel. * a e = 019 0
his share of mackerel and train 05 0
For his share of fish. 7 . i 2 . 5 0 0
For his wages to Roger Satterly . é é 7 a : 3.0 0
For his wages to Jerh Humphrey. s . 110 0
277 lbs of beef spent since the account in misenatine on fixe fish be-

fore it was delivered 39 3
16 bushels of meal. 3 : 3.4 0
3 goats , . ‘ 100
for 1-3 part of this year’s porta’, . : ai ° - 20 0 0

whereof his 1-10 is £2
for extraordinaries in shipping of men and entertaining the mercht 20 0

 

6915 3
the 1-10 £6 19 6 1-4 resting for Mr. Trelawny 62 15 8 3-5
os Trelawny is Cr. - 2 82 0 51-2
“a Dr. . . 62 4 81-2
Bal. é 4 é f 19 4 81-2
682 7 1
The total is 7 ‘ 601 11 914
By so much owing by me Robt. Jordan on former acct. as doth
appear ‘ s 2 : ‘ 3.13 41-4

605 5 11-2

So the whole proper to Mr. Robt Trelawny according to valuation doth amount unto £605 5
1 1-2—whereas there is an error in the first of the acct. taken since the inventory it being de-
fective £3 15 9 is here added as due to Mr. Trelawny.

Praised by us Geo. Cleeves, Wm. Ryall, fen. Watts.

DECREE.

December 18, 1648. Whereas there was a petition presented to ye General Assembly of the
province of Lygonia, holden in Casco Bay, the 12th day of September, in the year 1648, by
Robert Jordan, gent. against the executors of Mr. Robert Trelawny, mercht. deceased, for re-
lief from said executors for a debt due unto Mr. Jno. Winter, decd. to whose last will the said
petitioner standeth execr.

Upon the petition, the whole assembly referred the examination of the state of the cause
unto a com’tee, of the said’ assembly, namely, to George Cleeve, gent. deputy presidt, to Mr.
William Royall, Mr, Henry Watts and Mr, Richard Foxwell, and upon the said Committce’s re-
port, in the General Assembly this present 18th day of December, 1648. It is ordered, that it
shall he lawful for the said petitioner Robert Jordan, his heirs, execrs. adminrs, and assigns, to
APPENDIX. 873

retain, vecupy to his and their proper use and profit, to convert all the goods, lands, cattle and
chattels belonging to Robt Trelawny, deed, within this province, from this day furward and
forever, against any claim or demand whatsoever, by what purty or parties soeyer, unless the
execrs. of the sd. Robert Trelawny shall redeem and release them by the consent and allow-
ance of the sel. Robert Jordan, his heirs, execrs. adminrs. and assigns—which sd. order is en-
acted for and towards the partys satisfaction of a debt due to the said Robert Jordan, and is in
lieu and valuation of 609 0 10 1-2—six hundred and nine pounds 10 1-2d.—only ye remainder of
this debt being left by us reeuverable hy any just course of law, according to conveniency,
Subscribed by GEoRGE CLEEVES, deputy president,

WILLIAM Royant, Henry Warts,

JOuN Cossons 4 his mark,

Perer HILL, 4 his mark Rone. Boor.

Vera copia—pr. me, Peytou Cooke.

July 16, Anno Domini 1658—attestea Before us Commissrs. of ye General Court of the Mas.
sachusetts Guvernmt. in New-England, sinse the change of the government by George Cleeves
aforesaid, then deputy president, and Heury Watts, being taken upon their seyeral oaths ye
day and year last above written.

THO: Wiaain, Epwp. Risuwortu,
SAMUEL SymonpDs, NICHOLAS SHAPLEIGH.

Vera copia taken out of the original, and examined this 20th day of August, 1658,

Pr. Epw. Rishworth, Re. Cor.

No. IIT.

COPY OF A JUDGMENT — CLEEVES os, WINTER.

Saco in the Province of Mayne ....At a Court holden here the Eighth day of September 1640,
before the Worshipfull Thomas Gorges, Richard Vines, Richard Bonython, Hen: Joselin and
Edward Godfrey Esquires, Councellors of this Province.

The Declaration of Geo: Cleeves Gent. Plant. against Mr. Jno. Winter Defendt.

The Plt. Declareth that he now is and hath been for these seven years and upwards Pos-
sessed of a Tract of Land in Casco Bay known first by the name of Machigonney, being a neck
of Land which was in no man’s Possession or occupation and therefore the Plt. seised on it for
his own inheritance by virtue of a Royal Proclamation of our late sovereign lord King James
of Blessed Memory by which he freely gave unto every subject of his which should Transport
himself over into this Country upon his own charge for himself and for every Person that he
should soe Transport one Hundred and fifty acres of Land which Proclamation standeth still
in force to this Day by which right the Plt held and enjoyed it for the space of four years to-
gether without Mulestation, Interuption or Demand of any and at the end of the said first four
years the Plaintiff Desireous to inlarge his limitts ina lJawfnll way addressed hiniself to Srv
fferdinando Gorges the Proprictor of this Province and obtained for a sum of moncy and other
considerations # Warrantable Lease of Enlargement bounded as by relation thereunto had
doth and may appear. The Plt. Further Declareth that the Deft. John Win tee after all this
and four years Peaceable Possession without any Demand or title Pretended being moved with
envie and for some other sinister cause hath now for these three years Past and still doth un
justly pretend an interest and thereupon hath and Doth still interrupt me to my great hin-
drance thereby seeking my ruin and utter overthrow for all which the Plt. in this Court com-
menceth his action of Interruption and requireth a Virdict from a Jury of Twelve honest and
Indefferent men for the continuance of his Peaceable Possession for time to come and also
three Hundred Pounds Sterling for his Damage to be paid him by the Deft for his wrongful
Interruption, and for all this the Plt. humbly Desireth of this Court and in his Majesty's Namo
requireth a legal proceeding according to the Law.

56
874 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

THE ANSWER OF JONIN WINTER DEFENDANT.

The Deft. John Winter cometh into this Court and saith that he Defendeth all the wrongs
Interruptions and Damage where and when he ough:; first he saith that the Plt. was never
law fully Possessed of that Tract of Land in Casco Bay which he calleth by the name of Machi-
gonny but hath unjustly and contrary to the Law of our sovereign lord the King held the same
as the Deft. hereafter shall make it appear and whereas the PIf. claimes the Inheritance of the
said lind mentioned in his Declaration by Virtue of a proclamation of our late sovereign Lord
King James of blessed memory which Proclamation he saith standeth still in force and further
he Declares that being Desircons to inlarge his limits ina lawfull way addressed himself to Sr
fferdinando Gorges the Proprietor of this Province and obtained for a sum of money and other
Considerations a warrantable lease of enlargement, this the Deft. answereth that he denyeth
that then there was or is any such Proclamation now in force, neither hath the Plt. any
Warrantable lease from Sr fferdinando Gorges for it will evidently «ppear that the aforesaid
Land was formerly Granted by some of the Lords Pattentees and Sr fferdinando Gorges unto
Rohert Trelawny and Moses Goodyeare of Plymouth and livery and seisen thereof given to the
Deft. to the use of the aforesaid Robert Trelawny and Moses Goodyeare, and that the Plf. cun-
ningly and Fraudulently by false Information obtaincd the aforesaid lease from the said Sr
fferdinando Gorges who did nut know that any parte or portion of the said Robert Trelawny
and Moses Goodyear’s Grant was called by the Name of Machigonny neither hath the Plf. given
any Consideration for the same, But the said fferdinando Gorges finding himself much abused
by the Plts. wrong information hath Given Express order by his Letter Directed to Richard
Vines his Steward General for this Province to put this Deft. in Possession of the said Land
which the said Richard Vines hath done accordingly as the'Deft. is ready to prove, and the Deft
saith further in answer to the Plf. that the President and Councill of New England, and Sr
fferdinando Gorges Knight by their Deed Indented bearing Date the first day of December 1631],
for the Consideration therein expressed did Give, Grant, Allot, Assign, and confirm unto Robert
Trelawny and Moses Goodyeare of Plymouth Merchants their heirs Associates and Assigns for
ever all those Lands and heriditaments with appurtenances situate Lying and being along the
sea coast castward between the land formerly Granted to Capt. Thomas Cammock and the Bay
and River of Casco extending and to be extended Northwards into the Main lands so far as the
Limitts and bounds of the Lands Granted to the said Capt. Thomas Cammock as aforesaid doo
and onght to extend towards the north with all and singular the Premises with appurtenances
as by the said Deed more at Large it doth and may appear Now this Deft being an associate to
the aforesaid Robert Trelawny and haveing receeved order from him for the Dispossessing of the
Pif of that parte of his Land did often Treate. with the Plf in a friendly manner to have him
yeald up the Possession of the said Lands Proffering him that he should be a tenant there if
he Pleased on such Conditions as the Deft propounded otherwise if he would depart Quietly he
would give him some Consideration for what he had done upon the said lands otherwise he
would give him nothing, but the Plf accepting none of these Proffers unjustly continues his
clam and Possession to the Great Damage of the Deft, and all this the Deft is ready to affirm
and for the residue of tne Detference he humbly accepteth the Power of the Court to here anid
Determine their please of this matter and so putteth himself upon the Country.

The Plt. and Deft. hereupon Joyne Issue and put themselves upon the Trial of this Jury,
viz.

1. Henry Bode, Gent. 5. Mr. Richard ffoxill 9, Capt Tho: Cammock
2. Arthur Mackworth Gent. 6. My. ffrancis Robinson 10. Jno. Baker

3. Willm Cole Gent. 7. Jno. Smith 11. Arnole Allin

4. Mr. Tho: Page 8, Jno. West 12. Thomas Withers

The Jury find for the Plts. the title of Land according to his Deede, and give him twelve
pence for his Damage and twelve shillings and six pence for the cost of the Court.

Judgment is given upon this Verdict by the whole bench and Execution by them awarded.
APPENDIX, 875

No. LV.

This Indenture male the twenty-seventh day of Januuy in the twelfth year of the reign of our
Sovereign Lord Charles by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, &c.

Between Sir Ferdinando Gorges of Ashton Phillipes in. the County of Somersett, Knight, of
the one party and George Cleeve of Casco in the Province of New Somersett in New-Eng-
land in America Esquire and Richard Tucker of Casco aforesaid of the said Province of New
Somersett in New England in America gent. of the other party witnesseth that the said Sir
Ferdinando Gorges for and in consideration of the sum of one hundred pounds of good and
lawful money of England to him in hand paid before the ensealing and delivery of these pres-
ents as also for divers other good causes and considerations him the said Ferdinando Gorges
hereunto especially moving hath given granted bargained sold and contirimed unto the said
George Cleeve and Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns—all that part purport and portion
of lands in America parcell of New England in America hereafter in these presents described
azd to be described by the limits and bounds thereof that is to say all that part purpart and
portion of lands beginning at the furthermost point of a neck of land called by the Indians
Machegonne and now and forever from henceforth to be called or known by the name of Sto-
gummor and so along the same westerly as it tendeth to the first fall of a little river issuing
out of a very small pond and from thence over land to the falls of Pesumsca being the first
falls in that river upon a strait line containing by estimation from fall to fall as aforesaid near

- about an English mile which together with the vaid neck of land that the said George Cleeve
and the said Richard Tucker have planted for divers years already expired, is estimated in the
whole to be fifteen hundred acres or thereabouts, asalso one island adjacent to the said prmises
and now in the tenor or occupation of the said (ieorge Cleeve and Richard Tucker commonly
called or known by the name of Hogg Island, which said premises with their appurtenances
are not already possessed or passed to any other person or persons whatsoever but now granted
by me and this my special order for confirmation thereof under my hand and seal, all which
prmises now are and hereafter shall be deemed reputed and taken to be parts parcels and mem-

ersof the Province of New Somersettshire in New England aforesaid, and aso the said Sir
Ferdinaudo Gorges for the cousiderations aforesaid hath given granted bargained sold and
confirmed and hy these presents doth give grant bargain sell and confirm unto the said
George Cleeve and the said Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns, together with the said por-
tion of Jands and premises all the soils grounds woods and underwoods havens ports rivers.
waters lakes fishings, fowlings mines and minerals as well royall mines of gold and silver as
other mines and minerals precious stones quarries and all and singular other commodities ju-
risdictions royalties privileges franchises and pheminences whatsoever within the said tract o
lands and premises or within any part or parcel thereof, Saving excepting and reserving only
out of this present grant the first partof all the ore of gold and silver found and to be found
in or upon the premises or any part or parcel thereof due unto his majesty his heirs and suc-
cessors and now or at any other time hereafter reserved or to be reserved. To have and to
holdalland singular the said part purpart, and portion of lands and all other the premises herein
mentioned to be bargained sold or granted with their and every of their appurtenances unto
the said George Cleeve and Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns to the only and proper use
and behoof of them the said George Cleeve and Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns to the
end and full term of two thousand years fully to he complete and ended, to be holden of the
said Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his heirs Lord or Lords of the said Province of New Somersett-
shire as of his or their mannor of Willitton and free mannors in free and common soccage by
feality only for all manner of services, and the yearly rent of two shillings the hundred for
every hundred acres thereof be it in wood meadowing pasture or tillage. The same to be levied
by distress or otherwise according to the laws and customs of the realm of England used andap-
proved within the same for tenants of like nature: and the said Ferdinando Gorges for him-
self his heirs and assigns doth covenant promise and grant to and with the said George
Cleeve and Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns by these presents that he the said Sir
Ferdinando Gorges his heirs and assigns shal] and will from time to time and at. all times
876 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

hereafter do make acknowledge execute and suffer, or cause to be done made acknowledged
executed and suffered all and every such further and other reasonable act and acts thing and
things devise and devises in the law for the further and better assurance and sure making of
all and singular the said lands and other the said premises with their and every of their ap-
purtenances unto the said George Cleeve and the said Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns
as hy his and their councell learned in the laws shall be reasonabley devised advised or re-
quired and lastly the said Sir Ferdinando Gorges hath constituted ordained and appointed, and
by these presents doth constitute ordain and appoint his trusty and well-beloved Isaache Aller-
ton and Arthur Mackworth gentlemen his true and lawful attorney anc attornies jointly or
severally for him and in his name to enter into the said lands and other the said bargained pre-
mises or into any part or parcel thereof in the name of the whole and thereof to take full and
peaceable possession and seizen, and after such possession and seizen so had and taken then for
him and in his name to deliver full and peaceable possession and seizen of the same lands and
premises unto the said George Cleeve and Richard Tucker their heirs and assigns according to
the tenour effect and true meaning of these presents. In witness whereof the said parties to
these present indentures interchangeably have set their hands and seals. Dated the day and
year first herein above written Annoque Domini 1636. Terp. GorGEs.
Sealed signed and delivered | William Withington
in the presence of — f John Winnington

Memorandum that I Arthur Mackworth gent. have taken and delivered possession and seizen
unto George Cleeve Esq. and Richard Tucker gent. according to the order within prescribed,
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this eight day of June 1637.

ARTHUR Mackwortn.
In the presence of Thomas Lewis,
John Lukeford, Geo. Frost.
This is a true copy of the original deed examined and recorded the 24th day of May—by me.
RoGer GARD, Recorder. :

LETTERS OF GORGES, VINES, JENNER, AND CLEEVES.

After considerable progress had been made in the publication of this volume, I had the privi-
lege, by the kindness of Charles Deane, Esy., of Cambridge, of examining several very interest-
ing letters from the early settlers of Maine written to Gov. John Winthrop of Massachusetts.
The Winthrop papers are in process of publication by the Mass. Historical Society, Vol. VII.
of their 4th series, under editorship of Mr. Deane, and will throw much light upon the early,
und hitherto somewhat obscure transactions of that distracted period of our history. Iam
permitted to make extracts from those letters, and to furnish fac-similes of the signatures. I
feel gratified that they confirm my conjectures on the causes that seriously disturbed the first
coloxists upon these shores. Jealousy among the principal men, ambition to rule, disputes as
to titles and jurisdiction, and religious differences, were the prominent causes of most of the
troubles which produced the agitations and conflicts of that day, and opened the door for Massa-
chusetts to come in and assume the government. I have room for only a few extracts, and I
take those which have the most direct application to our local history. The letters of Gorges
cast a dark shadow upon the character of Cleeves which is however relieved by the favorable
opinion of Goy. Winthrop, and we may reasonably suppose that the expressions freely bestowed
upon each party by its opponents, are to be attributed rather to partizan zeal than as true ex-
ponents of character,

SIR FERDINANDO GORGES TO SIR HENRY VANE, JOHN WINTHROP, AND OTHERS.

Tomy much respected freindes, Henry Vane, John Winthropp, John Haines, John Humfrey and
John Dudley, Esquiers, give theis with speed.
MAIE IT PLEASE you,—Ilaving reveaved seyeral leres from my servant Vines, & others, of
the generall dislike conceaved against Mr. Cleeves, for having to doe with anie iny affaires, by

*
APPENDIX. 877

reason (as it is affirmed) of the miscarriage of him, as well towardes inyselfe in particuler, as the
wronges hee offered them by his misreports te mee of theire miscarriage in theire places, whereby
hee hath intruded himselfe into my good opinion soe far forth as to bee joyued with you in mat-
tors of soe greate trust, being soe vynworthey. = w ® As for Vines, I know his hon-
esty to bee such as I could not abandon him out of iny affeecion, as formerly L haue written, yet
T concvived itt not amisse to ranckchim with the rest ip the generall discharge, that it might
appeare there was noe partiallity vsed, nor respect of persons, for therein I spared not my neph-
ewe,* whome I esteeme next my owne children. As for Vines, L intend hee shall still continue
Deputie Governour, and soe doe pray you to settle himas before hee was, and to joyne with him
my nephewe Champnowne, & such others us you shall receave notice to bee fittest for such ser-
vice; that thereby you maie avoid the troubles you may otherwise bee put vnto, by the maney
trobbles that maie arise soe farr distant from you. What resteth more to bee done in this, I reter
to your best resolucions, as tyme & occasion serves, wherein I feare I haue toa much trenched
vppon your favours. Your true friend, to serve you

FERDE: GORGES.
AI8ITON PHILLIPPES, 25°. Augustij, 1657.

SIR FERDINANDO GORGES TO JOHN WINTHROP.

To the Worshipfull & my much respected frend, John Wintrupp, Esqr, at Boston in the Bay,
these present.

Worrtnay Sir,—The soddain approach of our longe wished for P arlamentinuites me to attend
tue happy issue therof, that otherwise had a resolution to haue visited you this springe, but 1
haue sent a neer kinsman of mine own name, with other necessary scruants, for the better or-
deringe of my affaires, & makinge of my prouision agaynst the time it shall please God I come
my selfe. In the mean while I am bould to intreat of you to second this my cosen Gorges in
any just and reasonable occasion he shall haue cause to vse your fauour in, I hauinge giuen
him command to be carefull to doe his best that all fayr corrospondency be maintayued he-
tween those two eeuerall Plantations, is a speciall means, by Gods fauour, to giue furtherance
to the happinesse therof. Your very louinge frend

! FERDE. (}ORGES.

ASHTON, March 26th, 1640.

 

RICHARD VINES TO JOHN WINTHROP.

To the right Worshipful his honored freind, John Wenthrop : Esqr. at Boston, thes tn Massa-
chusells.

Ricut Worsuiprvt.—lI received your letter concerning Mr. Jenner; acknowledging your
former courtesies to my selfe, and for your furtherance of a minister for vs, our whole Plantacion
at greatly behoulding vnto you. We haue ioyned both sides of our river together for his mayn-
tenance, and haue willingly contributed for his stipend, 47// per annum : hoping the Lord will
blesse and sanctifie his word vnto vs, that we may be both hearers and doers of the word and will
of God. Ilike Mr. Jenner his life and conversacion, and also¢ his preaching, if he would lett
the Church of England alone ; that doth much trouble me, to heare our mother Church yues-
tioned for her impurity vpon every occasion, as if Men (ministers I meane) had no other marke
toaime at, but the paps that gaue them suck, and from whence they first received the bread of
oe seemes the governour} makesa question that Sir Fferdinando Gorges was not in une Efrenele
wars in his tyme. Capt. Bonyphon intreats me to write a word or two thereof. I belieue it was
before Mr. Dudicy his tyme, Sir Fferd: being now nere 80 yeares ould, end he went to those
warres very young, and ther he received his honour. Thaue often heard him discourse of ress
warlike accions,and that the king of Ffrance himselfe fetched him of from a breach, heing
wounded, either at the seige of Amiens,{ or before Paris, I know not whether.

Your assured freind and servant,
; Ricu : VINES.
Saco, 26th of January, 1610.

*(Wm. Gorges.) +[Dudley.j yin 1597.)
878 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

RICHARD VINES TO JOHN WINTHROP.

Sir,—Three or 4 yeares since Mr Cleiucs (Cleeves) being in England, procured a writ out of the
Starr chamber office to command Mr. Edward Godfrey, Mr. John Winter, Mr. Purches, and my
selfe, to apeare at the Counsell table; to answear some supposed wrongs. Mr. Godfrey went over
to answeare for himselfe Mr. Winter, and my selfe, and out of the same Court brings a writt to
command Cleiues to pay vnto him 201: for his charges, which he refuses to doe. Now Sir Ffer-
dinando Gorges gaue me order to see Mr. Godfrey hane right in this case. Cleiues says we hane
nothing to doe, neither haue wee any power to levy money here vpon any writts that come out
wt England, for he will answeare it from whence itcame. I shall humbly intreate your advise
herein, what course is to be taken, that I may free my selfe from blame and the malice of Cleiues
who is a ffire brand of dissention, and hath sett the whole Provinec together by the yeares.
I make bould to trouble you herin, as a case of greate difficultie, desireing your answeare by
the first convenience.

I vnderstood by Mr. Shurt that you desired some gray pease for seed. Out of my small
store I haue sent you a bushell, desiring your acceptance thereof, flrom

Your ffreind and servant,
Ricnt: VINEs.

Saco. 25th Janu: 1640.

 

RICHARD VINES TO JOHN WINTHROP.

To the right worshipfull his much honored fretnd John Winthorpe, Esqr. governor of the Massa-
chusetts Colony, these, Boston.

Ricut Worsuiprutt,—I am forced to complayne vnto you of diverse insufferable wrongs don
vnto Sir fferdinando Gorges, his Comtuissioners and Province, by Mr. Cleiues and his agent,
Mr. Tucker, who report that you protect and countenance there exorbitant practices, which I
canot beleave, for I never yet knew you giue the least encouragement to any sinister practice.
Mr. Cleines having perswaded Mr. Rigby, (a worthy gent. by report) to buy the Plough Patent
which I esteeme no better then a broken tytle, by Mr. Rigby his authority, (and ashe sayes by
your approbacon) he hath nominated Commissioners, a Coronell general], Provost marshall, and
other officers, extending his government from Sackadehock to Cape Porpus, being aboue 13
leaguesin lenght, haveing likewise appoynted a Court to be kept in Cascoc bay the 25th of March
next, and hath sent his agent Tucker with a paper, perswading all such as he findes any way
inclyning to innovation, to set there handes to it, for the better approving of what they haue
begun, and allsoc to intreate your Worship and the rest of your magistrates to defend them
from Ffrench, Indians, and other eneniyes, which wee construe to be Sir Fferd: Gorges Com-
missioners. Neither hath Cleiues (as he ought) presented any his authority at our last gen-
erall Court; but, 2 dayes before our Court tooke a vioage into the bay, and all the way as he
went from Pascataquack to Boston, he reported he was goeing for ayde against mee, for that I
had threatened him and his authority, to beate him out of this Province. By this false re-
port and many other the like, Iam held an enemy to iustice and piety. * m5 He Iam
troubled at these seditious proceedings; and much more at his most notorius scandalls of Sir ffer-
dinando Gorges,a man for his age and in integrity worthy of much honor; him he brandes with the
foule name of traytor by curcumstance, in reporting that he hath counterfeited the King’s broade
Seale, (if he haue any patent for the Province of Mayne) ffor, sayes he, I haue serched all the
Courtes of Record, and can finde noe such grant. How could he haue giuen that graue Knight
a deeper wound in his reputacion, the which I know is more deare to him then all the wealth
in America; he likewise maynetaynes his false report of his death, flight into Walles, not
with standing a letter dated the 25th of 9ber last, from a marchant in London, of very good
credit, and bronght in Mr. Payne his ship, which letter imports Sir fferd: Gorges his good
health with the restauracion of his possesionsagayne. * * * Now for the Patent that Mr
Righy hath bought, it is not from our kings majestie, as Cleiues reportes, but from the President
and Counsell og New-England, as myne and others are,wherein Mr. Rigby hath from there LLord-
ships jura regalia, but his majestic takes that away by his royall grant to Sir fferd: Gorges,
APPENDIX. 879

bearing date thir[teen]th of April, in the fifteenth yeare of his highnes raigne. Now I con-
ceiu2 Mr. Righy his agent is but to recover soe much land as tha grant specifies, and to relin-
quish there Jura regalia, as you may perceiue in the last clawse of our grant here with sent you.
* 8 8 Yet 1 did ever, and doe intend, whensoever Mr. Righy shall send over people, to lett
them settle peaceably, to uyde and assist them to the best of luy powcr, without questioning of
meum et tuum: ffor this I know, if Sir Fferdinando Gorevs and Mr. Rigby meete, all matters
wil be quietly ended, if there be no incendiaries here. # *
Your faythfull freind and servant,

 

Ricu: VINes.
Saco, the 9th of January, 1643.

 

*THOMAS JENNER TO JOHN WINTUROP.

To the Right Worship his very loueing d kind friend Mr. Wintrop, at his howse in Boston in

N. E.giue thei e T pray.

Wortay Sim :—My due respect being remembered to you, I heartily salute you in the Lord;
giueipg you humble thanks, for your favourable aspect which hath alwaies bin towards me,
(though of me most undeserued,) and especially for your late kind letter on my behalfe; for
which sake I was kindly imbraced, aboue the expectation of my selfe, & others, and am still (IT
thank God) loueingly respected amongst them: but not with out some hot discourses,(especially
ahout the ceremonies ;) yet they all haue ended (through mercy) in peace; and for aught IT can
perceiue, doe prize the word, & relish it, dayly better then other, and some promise faire; euen
in Mr. Vines his family. But gene:ally they were very ignorant, superstitious, & vitious: and
scarce any religious. Ffre leane they giue me to doe what soever I please; imposeing nothing
on me, either publikly or privately, which my selfe dislike, onely this, Mr. Vines & the captainet
both, haue timely expressed themselues to be utterly against church-way, saying, their Patent
doth prohibit the same; yet I, for my part neuer once touched upon it, except when they them-
selues haue in private discourse put me upon it by questions of their owne, flor I count it no
season asyet to go build, before (od sends vs materials to build with all. Thus being in some
hast, I end humbly craueing your prayers:

Your worships to command
THo: JENNER.

Saco, 4th of the last, 1640. ‘
a
THOMAS JENNER TO JOHN WINTHROP.
To the Right Worshipfull his very worthy friend Jo: Wintrop Esqr. & Deputy Gouernor of

NV. £E. athis howse in Boston give theise.

Ricat WorsaipreLt.—My due respectsremembred to you. This is to infurme you (according
to request made ynto me, both by Mr. Jocclyue & Mr. Cleeve) that in Cascoe Bay on the last
of March the major part of the Province of Lygonia meet together, at an intended Court of Mr
Cleeve. Mr. Jocelyne & his company came armed with gunes & swords, or both; Mr. Cleeve &

*/Thomas Jenner was at Sacoas early as the winter of 1640-1, and was probably the first min-
ister of the Puritan faith that ever preached in Maine ; unless that wretched man, Burditt,
preached at York as early. Jenner was, without doubt, the first minister settled at Saco. Rich-
ard Gibson, an Episcopal clergym1n, living in the vicinity, at Spurwink, as early as 1636, may
sometimes have preached heie. Jenner remained here till 1646, as appears by a letter of his in
this volume, dated April 6, 1646; in which he says, “Iam, as it were, on the wing of removal ;
but whithcr, as yet I know not.”

Jenner was of Roxbury in 1634 or 1635, but not long after went to Weymouth, which town
he represented inthe General Court of 1640. He is said to have returned to England before
1650, and to have resided in Norfolk. He was compelled by straitened circumstances, to sell his

library before his death.)
+{Bonython.]
880 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

his company vnarmed. Aftersermon was ended, Mr. Joselyne & his company separated, them-
selues abouta furlong from Mr. Cleeve & his company. They sent vnto Mr. Cleeve a demand in
writing (with all their hands subscribed,) to haue a sight of his originals, promising a safe re-
turne. After some hesitation & demur, Mr. Cleeve, vpon condition they would come together
into one place, prontised to gratifie them. The which being publikely read & scanned, the next
morncing Mr. Jocelyne & his company deliuered vnto Mr. Cleeve in writinge, with all their
hands subscribed, a Protest against Mr. Righbies authority of gouerment, that isto say,in any
part of that bound or tract of land which Mr. Cleeve doth challeng by vertue of his Patent, viz.
Tom Sacadehock River to Cape Porpus. They furthermore required & injoined Mr. Cleave &
his company to submit themselues voto the authority & gouerment derived from Sir lferdinandu
Gorges, & that for the future they addresse themselues vnto their Courts.

Lastly they demanded of Mr. Cleeve a friendly triall concerneing the bounds afore sayd, flor
Mr. Jocelyne would that Mr. Cleeve his terminus a quo should begin 60 miles vp Chenebec River,
because the Patent saith, it must lie nere two Hands which are about 60 miles from the sea,
Ffor answer to it the Patent also saith, the tract of land of 40 miles square, must lie cn the south
side of Sacadeliock-River,

Now Sacadehock riuer reacheth but to Merry Meeting, & then its branched into Begipscot, &
Chenebeck, & is no further caldby the name of Sacadchock. Now Sacadehock River is a certaine
and sure place for one terme of its bounds, but the Ilands are doubtfull, which they are, or wher
they are; more ouer ther possession was first taken. Mr. Cleeue in his answere readily accepted
their offer of a triall at Boston ; whervpon they both bound themselucs each to other ina bond of
50027. personally to appeare at Boston the next Court after May, then & ther to impleade each
other. = * *

Furthermore Mr. Cleeue demanded asight of their originals for gouerment, none being pro-
duced, he disclaimed obedience, and told ther was no equality betwecne his something & their
nothing. It was also agreed, that none of each company or party should, atany time or vpon
any occasion, be troubled or molested by any of the other party or company, vntill the suit afore-
sayd be ended.

Mr. Cleeue Jaya his injunction in particular on Mr. Jordane, neuer more to administer the
seales of the Covenant promiscuously, & without due order & ordination, within the province of
Lygonia.

I must needs acknowledge, to their high commendation, that both Mr. Jocelyne* & Mr. Cleeve
carried on the interaction very friendly, like men of wisdome & prudence, not giucing one mis-
beholding word each’ together, such was the power of Gods Holy Word, aweing their hearts.
Your letters were also very valide,°& gratefully accepted on both parties. Thus after two or
three daies agitation, each man departed very peaceably to his owne home.

Thus, right worthy Sir, according to the trust committed to me, I haue faithfully (though
rudly) composed the chiefe matters in that their transaction, & haue here sent them vnto you.
So I comit you to God & rest. Yours to comand

THo: JENNER.

Saco, 6, 2m, 46.

* ca a A * # Ea

Sir, I hane lately ben earnestly solicited by one Mrs. Tucker, an intimate friend of mine, &
an approved godly woman, that I would writ ynto your worship; that in case Mr. Cleaue &
her husband (Mr. Tucker) shall happen shortly to haue recourse to your selfe, to end some mat-
ters of difference hetweene them, nuw at their departure each from other, that you would be
pleased, as much as in you lye, not to suffer Mr. Cleaue to wrong her husband, for though her
hushand hath ben as it were a servant hitherto for Mr. Cleaue, yet now at their making vp of
accounts, Mr. Cleaue by his subtill head, brings in Mr. Tucker 1001. debter to him.

*(Vines had now left the country, and Jocelyne had taken his place as the representative of
Gorges in the coluny.]
 

facsimiles of Signatures and Seals.

 

 

 

 

FORBES .LITH.265 WASH™ G° BOSTON
APPENDIX. 881

GEORGE CLEEVE TO JOHN WINTHROP.

To the honered John Winthrop Esquire Gouernour thes present.
Casco Bay, this 27th of the 11 moneth, 1648.

HonERED Sir,—With my most hvmble sarvice I salute you, accnolidging my duty of thank-
fullnes to you for all formar favors shewed mee; and whereas you were plesed at my request
to writ to Mr. Vines & others in behalfe of Mr. Rigbies athority, of which I informed him in
my last lettars, assuring my selfe that hee will not be vynmyndfull to requit your love therein.
What Mr. Vines answered you I know not, but thus can afferme & proue, that by his practis he
doth slitly regard your advice therein (as may appeare by the supplication of the inhabitants of
Ligonia and other passeges, the truth whereof this bearar can informe you, as allso of there
cfon] saltations with Mr. Gurdin (Jordan) a ministar of antichrist, there chefe counsellar) who
doth not only calumniate and slander the parliament of England witt vile reproachfull termes,
as rebellious, factias, trayteros parssons against the king) butallso belteth out his blasfemise,
against the Churches of Christ in this land, charging them with scisme and faction for fasting
« praying for the affliction of there brethren in Englaud, denying it to be the hand of God
vpon the land for sinn nor the occation of papist or evell counsellars, but for the rebellion of
the parliament and the puritant faction there, with many othar passeges of that vnworthy
Ballitte, of which this bearar Mr. Tuckar can informe you: as allso of Vines his dealings with
him, and of his thretning to send mee pressonar to England in Mr. Trelanies ship, which in-
forketh mee once more to joyne with the inhabitants of Ligonia and humbly to desire your as-
sistance against there vnlawfull practisses, and so mych the rathar for there wicked oposition of
the ways of Christ. They seeing vs about to settle our selues vndar the ministry, and that wee
arin hope that the Lord will gathar a Church amovngst ys,* this causeth them & there prelat-
ticall counsellar to raidge the more, which will insite you to assist vs somvch the rather. * *

Whilst I am
GEORGE CLEEVE.

GEORGE ‘CLEEVE AND OTHERS TO THE GOVERNOR, DEPUTY GOVERNOR, AND
ASSISTANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS.

To the honoured Gouernour & Deputie Governour, & Court of Assistants in the Massetusets

Bay, these present.

Honovrep §irs,—With our most humble service we salute yow in the Lord Jesus Christ
Shewing ynto yow that we are in great distresse by a company of factious men, who haue
leagued them selues together to murther vs, together with all the well affected in Mr Rigbyes
Province of Ligonia, vnder pretence of a protest against vs, whoe have severall Commis-
sions from Mr. Rigby for the present government of his Province. The heads of this league
are Mr. Henry Jocelyn, Mr. Arthur Mackworth, & Ffrancis Robinson, which Mr. Mack-
worth did willingly submit to Mr. Rigbyes authority formerly, and did subscribe to his constitu-
cions, & received a Commission from him to be an Assistant, & acted by it till he was drawne
away by the perswasion of Mr. Vines & Mr. Jorden, (one vnworthily called a minister of Christ.)
From these two men all this evill doth principally flowe, for though Mr. Vines be now gone,
yet he hath presumed to depute Mr. Jocelyn in his stead, although he never had any Commis-
sion soe to doe; yet he, by the councell of Mr. Jorden, hath taken vpon him, asa lawfull Mag-
istrate to come into Cascoe Bay & hath gone from house to housc, being accompaned with
Ffrancis Robinson & Arthur Mackworth, & have discourraged the people of Ligonia, & drawne
them offe, some by fraude & some by force, from theire subiection to Mr. Rigbys lawfull authority;
contrary to theire oathes freely and willingly taken, a true coppy whereof is herewith sent-
And haue alsoe presumed to take deposicions of severall people, to accuse some of vs falsely and
slanderously with treason & other crimes, whereof we are innocent; intending vpon those

grounds to deale with vs at theire pleasure, and thus we are all destined by them vnto destruc-
cion, if the Lord prevent not their wicked plotts against vs. And thisis to be put in execu-

*[Stephon Bachillor appears to have hada call from Casco about this time to scttle.—Eps. }
882 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

cion ypon the last day of March next, vpon which day we haue appoynted to keepe a Court in
Cascoe Bay, which Court is already summond, & severall actions entred, which are at issue, &
some of theire party bound over for misdemeanor, & seueral actions against many of them, &
therefore cannot he reiourned; at which time, they having made a party of neare an hundred
(as we are informed) to set vpon vs, & violently to resist Mr. Rigbyes authority, & so take vs &
our partie, & slay vs, or deale with vs at their pleasures. And further, we are truly informed
that they intend to make this the begining of a sivill warre, which they intend to blowe
abroade into all parts of this land, & giue it out there be many amongst yow, & elsewhere, that
doe but looke for an opportunity to declare themselues Cavileers, & for the King, as if yow or
wee were the Kings enimies, & they onely his friends. Commending you all to the grace of
God & resting your humble seruants.

WILLIAM RYALL. GEORGE CLEEVE.

RIcHaRD TUCKER. Tomas PERCHES.

Casco Bay, this 18th ffebr : 1645.

[The following draught of an answer to the foregoing letter, in the handwriting of Gov. Win-
throp, is written upon the reverse of the leaf.] “

To our worthy friends Mr. George Cleves, Deputy President of Ligonia, dé his Assistants, at

Casco, dd.

Sm,—We haue received & considered your lettres by this bearer, Mr. Purchas, together with
the Testimony and other writings sent therwith : we received also lettres & other writings from
Mr. Jocelin & others; by all which we perceiue that the differences between you are growne to
agreat height of contention, which we are very sorrye for, & would not be wantinge to dce
what lyes in vs for composinge the same. But whereas the differences grewe vpon extent of
some Patents & right of Jurisdiction wherein Mr. Rigby & others in E: are interested, & lettres

_ have been sent to them from both partyes, & answer is expected by the first return, therevpon

we have thought it expedient to perswade you bothe to forbeare any further contention in the
meane tyme, & have written to Mr. Jocelin, &c, to that ende, who having desired our advice, we
may presume they will observe the same, & will not attempt any acts of hostility against you;
and we doubt not but you wilbe perswaded to the same; which we judge will conduce most to
Mr. Righys right,and your owne & your neighbours peace. Your loving friends.

Boston, 5. (1), 1648. 7

 

No. V.
FROM JOHN JOCELYN’S VOYAGRS.!

Towns there are not many in thisprovince. Kittery situated not far from Pascataway is the
most populous.

Next to that eastward is seated by ariver near the sea Gorgiana,a majoraltie and the metro-
politan of the province. Further to the eastward is the town of Wells. Cupe Porpus eastward
of that, where there is a town of tle same name, the houses scatteringly built, all these towns
have store of saltand fresh marsh with arable land, and all well stocked with cattle. About
8 or nine miles to the Eastward of Cape Porpus is Winter harbour, a noted place for fishers,
here they have many stages. Sco adjoins to this, and both make one scattering town of large
extent, well stored with cattle, arable land and marshes and asaw mill. Six miles to the east-
ward of Saco and 40 miles trom Georgiana is seated the town of black point, consisting of about
50 dwelling houses, anda magazine or doganne scatteringly built, they have store of neat and
horses, of sheep near upon 7 or 800, much arable and marsh salt and fresh and a corn-mill, To
the southward of the point (upon which are stages for fishermen) lie two small islands ; be-
yond the point,’North eastward ruus the river of Spurwink. p. 200,

1The period to which this narrative relates is 1670: Jocelyn returned to England in 1671.
APPENDIX. 883

p. 201. Four miles from black point, one mile from Spurwink river eastward lycth Rich-
mond’s island, whose long, is 317° 30” and lat, 43° 34, it is 3 miles in cireuiuference and hath a
passable and gravelly ford on the North side, between the main and the sea at low water, here
are found excellent whetstones and here likewise are stages for fishermen. Nino miles cast-
ward of Black point lieth scatteringly the town of Cusco upon a large bay, stored with cattle,
sheep, swine, abundance of marsh and arable land, a corn-mill or two, with stages for fishermen,
Further eastward is the town of Keunebve seated upon the river. Further yet eastward is
Sagadehock, where there are many houses svattering and all wong stages for fishermen, these
two are stored with cattle and corn lands.

p. 202. 12 miles from Casco bay. and passable for men anid hogses, is alike called hy the
indians Sebug on the brink thereof at one end is the famous rock shaped like a mouse deer o
elk, diaphanous, and called the moose rock. Here are found stones like crystals and lapis
specularis or muscovia ¢lass both white and purple.

p. 205, From Sagadehock to Nova Scotia is called the Duke of York's province, here Pema-
quid, Montinicus, Mohegan, Capeanawhagen, where Capt. Smith fisht for whales: Muscataquid
all filled with dwelling houses and stages for fishermen and have plenty of cattle, arable land
and marshes.

p. 207. The people in the Province of Maine may be divided inte magistrates, husbandmen
or planters, and fishermen; of the magistrates some be reyalists, the rest perverse spirits, the
-like are the planters and fishers, of which some be planters and fishers both, others meer fish-
ers.

Handicraftsmen there are but few, the tumelor or cooper, smiths or carpenters are best wel-
come amongst them, shopkeepers there are none, being supplied by the Massachusetts mer-
chants with all things they stand in need of. English shoes are sold for 8 or Oshils, a pair,
worsted stockings of 3s. 6d. for 7 and 8s. a pair, Douglass thatis sold in Kneland for lor 2 and
20 pence an ell, for 4s. a yard, serges of 2 or 3s. a yard for 6 and7 shillings.

p. 208. They have acustom of taking tobacco, sleeping at noon sitting long at meals some-
times four times a day, and now and then drinking a dram of the bottle extravrdinarily *  *,
They feed generally upon as good flesh, beef, pork, mutton, fowl, and fish as any in the world be-
sides. Their servants which are for the most part English, will not work under a half a crown
aday, when they are out of their time, although it be for to make hay, and for less I do not
see how they can by reason of the dearness of clothing. If they hire thein by the year they
pay them l4or £14 at the years end in corn,cattle andin fish : some of these prove excellent
fowlers, bringing inas many as will maintain their master’s house; besides the profit that ac-
crues by their feathers.

p. 210. The fishermen take yearly upon the coast many hundred kentals of cod, hake, hac-
dock, polluck, &c. &ce. which they split, salt and dry at their stages, making three voyages in a
year. When they share their fish, which is at the end of every voyage, they separate the best
from the worst, which is known when it is clear like a Janthorn horn and without spots ; the
second sort they call refuse fish, that is such as is salt burnt, spotted, rotten and carelessly or-
dered; these they put off to the Massachusetts merchants; the .-erchantable for 50 and 22
reals a kental (112 pounds) the refuse for 9 and Ws. the quintal. The merchants send the
merchantable fish to Lisbon, Bilbo, Burdeaux, Marsiles, Talloon, Rochel, Kwan, ancl other cities
of France, to the Canaries with claw board and pipe staves, which is there and at the Charibs a
prime commodity ; the refuse fish they put off at the Charib islands, Barbadoes, Jamaica, &c.
who feed their Negros with it.

p. 211. To every shallop belong four fishermen, a master or steersman, a Midshipman, and a
foremast man and a shore man, who washes it out of the salt and drics it upou bundles and
tends their cookery.

These often get in one voyage $ or £9 a man, but it doth some of them little good, for the
merchant to increase his gain by putting off his commodity in the middest of their voyages, and
at the end thereof comes in with a walking tavern, a bark laden with the legitimate bloud of
the rich grape which they bring from Phial, Madera, Canaries, with brandy, rum, the Barbadoes
strong water and tobacco, coming a shore he gives them a taster or two, which so charms them,
that for no persuasions will they go tosea, although fair and seasonable weather for 2or3 days,
884 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

nay sometimes a whole week, till they are wearied with drinking, taking a shore 2 or 3 hhds. of
wine andrum to drink when the merchant is gone.

They often have to run in debt for their necessaries on account of the lavish expense for drink
and are constrained to mortgage their plantations if they have any, and the merchant when
the time is expired is sure to turn them out of house and home, seizing their plantations and
catt!e, poor creatures, to look out for anew habitationin some remote place, where they begin
the worldagain. p. 212.

Of the same nature are the people in the Duke’s province, who not long before I left the
country petitioned Mass. to take them into their government. p. 212.

No. VI.

ROBERT JORDAN’S WILL.

IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN.

I Robert Jordan, senior gentlem: formerly of Spurwink, and now resident on the Great Is-
land in the township of Portsmouth, in New-England, being weak of body, but of sound and
perfect memory, praysed be Goil,—Do make, ordayne, and declare this present writing to be
and remayne my last, undoubted Will and Testament, in manner and fortae following:

Imps. I bequeath my soule to God, hopeing by the meritts of Christ my Saviour, to enjoy
eternal life, and my body to ye earth to bee decently buried—And what temporal] things I ain
blessed with, all by ye Providence of Almighty God, I give and bequeath as followeth :

Item—I do hereby ratify, allow and confirme two deeds or writings. which I formerly made
and gave under my hand andseale, one to my elldest sonn John Jordan, and another to my sec-
ond sonn Robert Jordan, according to the contents y’rin exprest.

Item—I give and grant to my wife Saraih Jordan, now living, the ould plantation at Spur-
winke, containing one thousand acres, bee it more or less, begining wt the grant belonging to
my sonn John Jordan doth one and ending where tlie lutt bequeathed by this my will to my 3d
sonn Dominicus Jordan doth begine, and soe along the highway untill you come to the Greate
Pond; for and during the terme of her natural life; the reversion and inheretance y’rof to bee
and remaine unto my youngest sonn Jeremiah Jordan, his heyers and successors forever, as his
part and portion.

Item—I give and bequeath unto my sayd wife Saraih Jordan, one other farme, called Nonn-
such, containing two thousand acres, be it more or less, for and during her naturall life; and
for ye more strict obleighing my children’s duty to her, my will is that shee wholly and ab-
solutely dispose the succession and inheritance thereof, to either or any of my sonns, they or
their or any of their heyres, or issue, lawfully by them or any of them begotten, forever.

Item—I give and bequeath unto my sonn Dominicus Jordan, one thousand acres of land, at
Spurwinke, to begin where the, abovesd ould plantation endeth, as hee shall make choyce of,
to be layd out by the onereferees hereafter nominated.

Item—I give and bequeath unto my sonn Jedediah Jordan, one thousand acres of my land,
at Spurwinke aforesaid, to bee chosenby him out of my land not disposed before, to bee to the
use of him and his heyres, furever.

Item—I give and bequeath unto my sonn Samuel Jordan, by reason of his posterity’s choyce
of eleaven hundred acres of land of my said land-at Spurwinke, to bee to the use of him and
his heyres forever; and what part or prcell of land remaynes not bequeathed nor given of my
sayd lands, at Spurwinke, by any or all of the above rescited and expressed articles, I do hereby
give and bequeath the same, being uplands, unto my sonns above named, to be divided and
equally alloted amongst them.

Item-—My will is that my meddow, bordering along by the river Spurwinke, bee equally di-
vided to each portion of the above given lands, nearest and most conveniently adjoyning to each
preell or portion ag is above disposed.
“APPENDIX, 885

Item—I give and bequeath unto my foure youngest sonns, namely, Dominicus, Jedediah, S:m-
ueland Jeremiah Jordan, to each of them one feather bedd and bowlsters.

Item—I make and ordayne my sayd wife Saraih, and my twe sonns John and Robert Jordan
tobe my joynt executors.

-Imnke and hereby ordayne Majer Nicho. Shapleigh of Kittery, Mr. Nath’l Fryer, and Mr.
William Bickham, merchants, to bee onereferees and to end all differences in any matters arising,
by means of my not fully expressing myselfe in this my last will and testament, between my
legatees and the execntors hereof, and to settle all things according to their best judgments,
and nearest intent of this my will that noe further orfuture differences may arise.

Lastly—My will and intent is, that each and every of my afore-mentioned sonns, their heyres
and successors, shall have and injoy all and singular the aforesayd prescribed grants, gy{ts, and
legacies; and if any or either of them want naturall issue, that then that legacy shall redown
and bee equally divided amongst the rest.

Great Island, 28th of January 1678: Mr. Robert Jordan senior, acknowledged this within
written, to bee his last Will and Testament, and was at the same tyme of asound mind and pr-
fect memory, but haveing lost the use of his hands could not signe and seale the same ; and
owned alsoe Mr. Nath] Fryer to bee one of his onerferees, who is interlined above. This owned

before mee, 3 Etyas StyLemain, Commissioner.
This will was exhibited in Court, July 1,79, by Mr. Nathl Fryer under the attestation an-
nexed, and is allowed to bee recorded. Jos. DUDLEY, assistant.

Very copia of this Will and Testament above written, transcribed and compared with origin-
all,this7thday of July, one thousand six hundred and seaventy-nine, and pr. ye County Court
allowed, as attestes. Epw. Risnwortn, R.C.

No. Vil.

COPY OF A DEED FROM INDIAN SAGAMORES TO GEORGE MUNJOY.

June h, 1666.

Be it known unto all men by these presents that Wee Nunateconett and Warabitta alias
Jhone of Casco Bay do acknowledge to have received of Gvorge Monjoy on Great Rogg to the
value of three Skings which we acknowledge ourselves fully satisfyed for in consideration of
which we do by these presents assigne sell and make over unto Georg Munjoy of the same Bay
a tract or parcel of Land by the Bounds hereafter mentioned, which is to begin onthe other
side of Amancongan River at the great falls the uppermost part of them called Sacarabigg and
so down the river side unto the lowermost planting ground, the lowermost part thereof, and so
from each aforesaid bounds to go directly into the woods so far as said Munjoy will, not exceed-
ing one mile, with all the woods and privileges thereunto belonging: To have and to hold to
him the said Munjoy his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns from us our heirs, execu-
tors and administrators “rmly by these presents, and also from: auy other person or persons
whatever claiming any right title or interest thereunto shall warrant and defend the same and
do further hereby engage ourselves and our heirs unto the said Munjoy his heirs and assigns
that he and they shall quietly and peaceably enjoy the premises and for the performance hereof
Wee have hereunto set our hands and seals this 4th June 1666.

Signed, sealed and delivered mark
in presence of us. WaRRABITTA Seal
Mark Nounanicur WX Seal.

John I Breme 2
Jane I Cloys
Philip L Lewis
886 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

No. VIII.
DEED FROM PRES. DANFORTH TO THE TRUSTEES OF FALMOUTH.
I6Sh.

This Indenture made the twenty-sixth day of July Anno Domini one thousand six hundred
eighty and four and in the thirty-sixth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles the

second by the grace of God of England Scotland France and Ireland, King, defender of the.

Faith &c.

Between Thomas Danforth Esq. president of his majesty’s Province of Maine in New Eng-
land on the one party, and Capt. Edward Tyng, Capt. Sylvanus Davis, Mr. Walter Gendall, Mr.
Thaddeus Clark, Capt. Anthony Brackett, Mr. Dominicus Jordan, Mr, George Bramhialland Mr.
Robert Lawrence, trustees on the behalf and for the sole use and benefit of the Inhabitants of
the town of Falmouth within the abovenamed Province of Maine on the other party, Witness-
eth That whereas the abovenamed Thomas Danforth by the Governor and Company of the Mas-
sachusetts Colony in New England the now Lord Proprietors of the abovenamed Provinco of
Maine at a general assembly held at Boston on the eleventh day of May 681 is fully authorized
and empowered to make legal confirmation unto the Inhabitants of the abovesaid Province of
Maine of all their lands or proprieties to them justly appertaining or belonging within the
limits or bounds of said Province.

Now, know all men by these presents that the said Thomas Danforth pursuant to the trust
in him reposed and power to him given as abovesaid by and on the behalf of the Governor and
Company of the Massachusetts Colony aforesaid, hath given granted and confirmed and by
these presents doth fully clearly and absolutely give grant and confirm unto the abovenamed
Capt. Edward Tyng, Capt. Sylvanus Davis, Mr. Walter Gendall, Mr. Thaddeus Clarke, Capt.
Anthony Brackett, Mr. Dominicug dan, Mr. George Bramhall and Mr. Robert Lawrence
trustees as above expressed—all that tract or parcel of land within the township of Falmouth
in said Province according to the bounds and limits of said township to them formerly granted
by Sir Ferdinando Gorges knight or by any of his agents or by the General Assembly of the
Massachusetts with all privileges and appurtenances to the same appertaining or in any wise
belonging—all royalties reserved to his Majesty by the Charter granted to Sir Ferdinando
Gorges knight as also those by said charter given to the said Ferdinando Gorges knight, his
heirs and assigns—Together with the rivers streams and coves contained within the limits or
bounds of said township always to be excepted and reserved.

To have and to hold all the abovesaid tract of land by these Presents granted and confirmed
be the same more or less with all the privileges and apurtenances to the same appertaining or
in any wise belonging (excepting as is above excepted and reserved) to them the said Capt.
Edward Tyng, Capt. Sylvanus Davis, Mr. Walte Gendall, Mr. Thaddeus Clarke, Capt. Anthony
Brackett, Mv. Dominicus Jordan, Mr. George Bramhall and Mr. Robert Lawrence as trustees
abovesaid forever to the only proper use and behoof of the inhabitants of the said town that
now are and to them that shall there survive and succeed trom time to time and forever more
hereafter. And the abovenamed Thomas Danforth for and on the behslf of the Governor and
Company of the Massachusetts Colony and for their successors and assigns doth further cove-
nant promise and grant to and with the abovenamed Edward Tyng, Sylvanus Davis, Walter
Gendall, Thaddeus Clarke, Anthony Brackett, Dominicus Jordan, George Bramhall and Rob-
ert Lawrence their heirs and assigns trustees as above expressed, that they the said Edward
Tyng, Sylvanus Davis, Walter Gendall, Thaddeus Clarke, Anthony Brackett, Dominicus Jordan,
George Bramhall and Robert Lawrence shall and may at all times and from time to time for-
ever hereafter peaceably and quietly have hold occupy and enjoy all the above given and
granted premises without the let denial or contradiction of the Governor and Company of the
Massachusetts Colony or of any other person or persons whatsoever claiming and having any
lawful right title or interest therein or in any part or parcel thereof by from or under them
the said Governor and Company or by any of their assigns. They the abovenamed Inhabi_
tants of the said town of Falmouth for the time being and in like manner that shall there be
APPENDIX. 887

from tire to time forever hereafter yielding and paying in corsideration thereof to the Governey
and Company of the Massachusetts colony or to the President of the said Province of Maine by
them authorized and empowcred for the time being or to other their agent and lawful assignee
or assignees the quit rent to the said Governor and Company due and lelonging according to
the proposal made and mutually agreed upon at the General Assembly held in the aboyesaiad
Province of York June 1681, viz. That they the abovenamed Inhabitants of the said town of
Falmouth for the time being and in like manner that shall there be from time to time forever
hereafter as an acknowledgment of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his as

 

is vight to soile and
Government do pay twelve pence for every family whose single country rate is not above two
shillings, and for all that exceed the sum of two shillings in a single rate to pay three shillings
p2r family annually in money to the treasurer of the said Province for the use of the chief Pro-
prietor thereof. And in case of omission or neglect on the part and behulf of the said In-
hobitants to make full payment annnally in manner asis above exprest, and hath been mutual-
ly concerted and agreed unto, it shall then be lawful for the said President of the said Province
for the time being or for other the agent or agents assignee or assignees of the Governor and
Company of the Massachusetts Colony to levy and make distress upon the estates of any of the
Tahabitants for the time being within the limits and bounds of the said township as well for
said quit rent as also for all costs and charges accruing and arising upon thesame. And the
estat2s so levied and destrained to bear drive or carry away with so much as it shall cost to con-
v3y the same to the treasurer of the Province for the time being or to such place as he shall
o-der and appoint. In witness whereof the parties above named to these present Indentures
have interchangeably put their hands and seals the day and year first above written.

Signed sealed and delivered by Sybvanus Davis. (Seal)
Sylvanus Davis, Walter Gendall, WALTER CGiENDALL, (Seal)
Thaddeus Clark, Dominicus Jor- THADEUS CLARK. (Seal)
dan, in presence of us Dominicus JorpAN. (Seal)

John Davis, 1
Josh. Scottow, )

A true copy of the originals indented reed. Jan.1, 1731.

Attest, JOSEPH Moopy, Reg.
A true copy from the Record of Deeds for the County of York, Book 14, page 227.

Wnt. Frost, Reg.

No. IX.

PAPERS RELATING TO GEORGE BRAMHALL.

(No. 1.)
Mr. Georg Bramhall
Sir; Yours I have recd. and according to your order have sent to you pr. Mr. Phillips’ Slope
a3 under and hop it willbe to * * if thar be any thing omitted order for itt ye next being

what is nedfull from your friend. Tneoposius Moore. 1
Boston ye 21 Oct. 1687.

on bbl £0 206 10 yds blew linnig 3d. £0 10 lu

3 bush salt 0 7 06 10 yds fin whit cloth 015 00

2% 1b whale bun 0 300 2 lbs powd 0 02 08

509 larg bord nayla 010 0) G Ibs shot 0 02 00

5 lbs do att 0 04+ 06 2 oz silk 0 05 00

5 lbs hob nayls 0 2 06 + yds collord callyon at

1 1b cold thread att 0 5 00 20d. per yd 0 06 08

4 doz guisp bottons 0 106 1 1-2 yd cloth to pack 0 01 06
£4 00 8

1 Moore after this tire married the widow of Walter Gendall and lived in Marshfield.
888 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

If you have any bottar or pork be pleased to send me what you can. Yr glass is nott redy

yett.
(Superscribed) For Mr. Georg Bramhall at Caskow with a barll solt and snaall chest.

Per Joseph Pike Caskow Bay.

(Another from the same.)
(No. 2.)
Mr. Bramhall,

I have sent a parsell of Butter potts to Mr. Bragett,* if you have occasion for any can send
you som or ferkins for butter wh. you pleas,in yeintrem. I sopose Capt. Bragett will spar you
one or two. If I shall send you any send word by ye next slop and I will send them by Mr.
Inglish being all in hast I rest yrs to serve you. THEODOSIUS Moore.

Boston ye 16th July 1688.

(Wo. 3.)

I underwritten doe Ingage myself my Heyres or Assigns to pay unto Sylvanus Davis or
his assigns for the acco’pt of Anthony Libbee the soom of twenty shillings and Three pence and
other charges about the attachment, eight shillings and sixpence to be paid him in wite oke
Barrall stafs or Red oke hh stafs upon demand at hie water mark by the river side in Casco
river at fifteen shillings per Thousand as witness my hand this sixth day of March Anuoque
Domini 1687-8

Witnes GEORG BRAMAALL,
Peter Bowdoin
John Hollman. Charges
Warrant 010 Sarving warrant and Constable 0 2 0
aman * © itt 1 day 010 Waighting 8 days and forrig 036
(No h.)

Receeved of Georg Bremhall upon the accompt of Anthony Lebbe the soom of thirty shil-
lings and three pence being the full Ball. of all accompts betwixt me and said Lebbee, I say
received by mo in August 1689. Sitvanus Davis.

Falmouth Province of Maine August 1689 Receved of Georg Bremhall for the supply of
forte Loyal one quarter of Booll Beef waight seventy tow pouns I say receved pr me Silvanus
Davis Capt.

(No. 5.)

Daniel Chambeling acknowledgth that he hath set an apprentice unto Georg Bramhall
of Portsmouth in Piscataway for the term of 9 years for ye consideration of eyght pounds and
10 shillings in hand paid before the acknowledging hereof, witness my hand this third day of
July 1680 before me Roger Kelley Comuissioner Daniel Chammerin sone of

: the mark of
Arone “ Savaighe.
*{ Brackett.]
APPENDIX, 889

No. X.

To his Excellency Samuel Shute, Esq., Captain General and Governour in Chief in and over his
Myesty’s Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England, and to the Hon. Council and
House of Representatives, in General Court assembled this 29th day of May, 1717.

The petition of sundry proprietors of the township of Falmouth, in Casco Bay, humbly shew-
eth, that your petitioners and their predecessors, formerly brought forward a good settlement.
in the said place, which had a hopeful prospect of being a strong and flourishing town, being
very well and beyond most places accommodated for husbandry, navigation, fishery and the
lumber trade; but the said Plantation was unhappily broken up and ruined by the French
and Indian enemy, and now peace being restored, and several other settlements carrying on
further eastward, your petitioners and others concerned with them, to the number of upwards
of thirty families, are desirous without delay to go or send and rebuild the waste places, and
resettle the lands, which they are excited to do the more speedily by reason that great strip
and waste is daily made of the wood and timber in their propriety to their great damage by ill
minded persons, that frequently load vessels with the same. And your petitioners being in-
formed that this Honorable Court have in their wisdom passed an order that no settlement
shall be made in those parts without their approbation; do therefore now in obedience thereto
humbly address your Excellency and Honours, praying your allowance, countenance and
favourable aspect on the designed settlement, which for their own security they determine to
make compact andin a manner as regular and defensible as may be, and your petitioners as in
duty bound shall ever pray. &e.

James Marriner, John Higginson, Timothy Thornton,
Philip Barger, Jonathan Hudson, John Smith,
Philip Breton, Richard Pullen, Ebenezer Thornton,
Thomas Walter, Mary Brackett, John Brown,
Jacob Royall, Joseph Mayleme, Samuel Powsly,
John Young, John Secombe, George Ingersoll,
Jacob Freese, Samuel Sewall, James Bowdoin,
Thomas Haines, Peter Secombe, Nathaniel Webber,
Daniel Ingersoll, The 4 mark of Lewis Tucker Wm. Thomas,
Solomon Townsend, sen’r, his
Stephen Boatineau in be- Benjamin Marston, Tobias T Oakman,
half of themselves and George Felt, marl.
about twenty other pro- Abraham Tilton, William Scales,
prietors, Joshna Marriner, Mitthew Scales.

In the House of Representatives, June 13, 1717. Read and ordered, that the prayer of the
p-tition be granted, and that the petitioners apply themselves to the committee appointed by
this Court in June, 1715, to prosecute the regular settlement of the eastern frontiers for advice
in the manner of their settlements. Sent up for concurrence.

JoHN Burriti, Speaker.

June 14th, 1717. In Council, read and concurred.
JosepH Manion, Deputy Secretary.

 

Ty) His Excellency, Samuel Shute, Esq., Capt. General and Governour in Chief in and over his
Mujesty’s Province? of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England, and the Hon. the Council and
Representatives in General Court assembled.

The memorial of the proprietors and settlers of the town of Falmouth, in Casco Bay, humbly
sheweth, that by a petition of the proprietors of the town of Falmouth, in Casco Bay, to his
Excellency the Governour, Council and Representatives in General Court assembled in May,
1711, liberty was granted to the said proprietors to resettle the said town, and in order there.

unto the said proprietors are directed to apply themselves to a committee appointed in the

57
890 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.
year 1715, for to regulate the settlements of the eastern frontiers, for advice in the manner of
thair settlements That your memorialists have fully complied with the said direction, and
yet notwithstanding we have repeated our applications to the said committee, the matter is
still delayed, which has a tendency to great confusion in our settlements, and isa great dis-
couragement to the proprietors and inhabitants of which there are a considerable number

already upon the spot, that are very desirous of a good regulation.

Job Harris,

Wm. Roberts,
Richard Jones,
Azor Gale,

Philip Barger,
John King,

John Smith,
Richard Pullen,
Joseph Maylem,
Jacob Royall,
Jarvis Ballard,
Timothy Thornton,
Ebenezer Thornton,
Thomas Thomes,
Ebenezer Hall,
Thomas Davise,
Samuel Carr,

John Danford,
James Mills,

* Ea e &

Samuel Procter,
Samuel Richardson,
Benjamin Larrabee, jun.,
Francis Danford,
Mark Round,
James Marriner,
Adam Marriner,
Simon Lovett,
Ebenezer Pratt,
Richard Coller,
Nathaniel Winslow,
Wm. Clap,

Wm. Scales,
Richard Willmott,
Joho Wass,

Wm. Huly,

Place Stevens,
John East,

a * a *

Elias Townsend,
John Lovett,

John Prichard,
Matthew Scales,
Samuel Moody,
Pelatiah Munjoy,
Joshua Brackett,
Benjamin Larrabee,
John Savage,

Elisha Ingersoll,

Benj. Skillen,

Richard Shute, 3
Elias Hart,
Daniel Ingersoll,
John Gustin,

Richard Richardson,
Thomas Snell,
Jonathan Danford.

In the House of Representatives, June 18th, 1718. Read and ordered that Lewis Bane, Esq.,
and Capt. Joseph Hill be added to the committee formerly appointed to direct and regulate the
eastern settlements; any three of sid committee (if no more be present) to have power to act
in the said affair. Sent up for concurrence.

Joan Burri., Speaker.

In Council June 19th, 1718. Read and concurred.

J. Wituarp, Secretary.

No. XI.

The nimes of the persons that were taken in by ye petitioners :

Joseph Langdon,
Wm. Mackey,
Edmund Clark,
E,enezer Gusten,
Andrew Barde, X
John Sawyer,
Robert Burnell,
Isaac Hoar,
James Doughty,
Edward Hall,
Wm. Trumble,
Robert Maing,
James Armstrong,
John Armstrong,
Abraham Ayres,

Henry Newell,

John Bish,

Jacob Collens,

Samuel Bucknam, jun.,
Thomas Lewis,

Thomas Cummings,
Robert Williams,
Zac. Brackett,
John Darling,

Wm. Stevens,
Thomai3 Armstrong,
Joseph Bean,
Dominicus Jordan,
David Gusten,
Jovemiah Riggs,

Benj. Ingersoll,
Ebenezer Roberts,
Samuel Jordan,
Robert Jordan,
Wm. Jemerson,
Wm. Jells,

John Graves,
John Gatchel,
James Irish,
Benjamin Larrahee, jr.,
John Perey,

Doct. Moody,
Jobu Clark,
Richard Pumerey,
Moses Goold,
Samuel Bucknam,
George Burnes,
Ebenezer Cobb,
Jonathan Cobb,
Samuel Cobb,
Peter Walton,
Richard Babston,
Benjamin York
Whi. Sevy,

John Oliver,

APPENDIX.

John Brown,

Wm. Davis,

Banj. Blackston,
Joseph Moody,
John Barber,
James Barber,
Thomas Millet,
Joseph Stanford,
Joseph Thomes,
Simon Armstrong.

891

John Owen,
Joseph Cromwell,
Randal McDonald,
Thomas Haskell,
Thomas ILooper,
Jacob Freese,
John Jefferds,
John Robbins,
Nathanicl Jordan.

The names of ye persons taken in upon ye act of the town to pay ten pounds each.

George Clark,
Joseph Pride, 7
Solomon Pike,
Ebenezer Woodward,
Stephen Randel,
Danicl Jackson,
Robert Bailey,
Joseph Cobb,
James Wimand,
Col. Thomas Westbrook,
Jonathan Fillbrook,
Samuel Stone,
John Hurst,
Thomas Mosley,
Samuel Staples,
James Buxton,
Edward Masten,
Samuel Wheelwright,
Jeremiah Moulton,
Enoch Wiswell,
Thomas Reding,
Edward Shove,
Thomas Franckes,
Ambrose Claredg, Robert
Barret in his room,
George How, Wm. Allenin
his room,
Ephraim Foster,
James Webster,
Robert Perce,
John Powell,
Job Lewis,
Tho. Cock, John Cock in his
room,
Doct. Allen,
John Sawyer, jun.,
Benjamin Ray,
Daniel Hodgkins,
Tho. Seargant,
John Curtice,
John Millet,
Jedediah Hodgkins,
John Linz,
John Glover,

Bonj. Studley, Wm. Peper-
ell in his room.

Joseph Smith, John Has-
kell in his room,

James Stanwood,

James Davis,

Samuel Davis,

Joshua Woodbury,

Anthony Coombs,

Jolin Gazely, Jos. Plummer
in his room,

Matthew Patten,

John Marriner,

Wm. Pote,

Aaron Plummer,

John Fairfield,

Joseph Dana,

Timothy Woster,

John Gilbart,

James Dunevan,

James Garland,

Wm. Elwell,

Jonathan Stanwood,

Wm. Knight,

Solomon Pearson, Robert
Woodward in his room.

Henry Tuxburey,

Tsaac How,

Jobn Drinkwater,

Tho. Bishop, Tho. Emerson
in his room,

Wm. Hide,

Ebenezer Hall,

Ebenezer Hall, jun ,

Jacob Adams,

John Salter, Henry Wheeler
in his room,

John Polow,

Tho. Dyer, Elijah Glezen in
his room,

Josiah Sikes,

Richard Webber, Joseph
Nelson in his room,

Win. Graves,

Samuel Waldon,
John Roberts,
John Fabyan,

Jeremiah Neal,

John Coolbroth,
James Babb,
Wm. Berry,
John Clark,
SunuelfHaines,

Martin Jose,

Joseph Fabyan,
John HWodgdon,
Samuel Libby,

Wm. Vaughan,

Benjamin Wright,
Edmund Mountfort,
Jacob Sawyer,
John Thomes,

Job Sawyer,

Isaac Skillins,

Chipman Cobb,

Anthony Brackett,
Samuel Topliff,
Isaac Couse,
Philip Hodgkins,
Nathaniel Donnell,
John Woodward,
Joshua Brackett,

Joseph Emerson,

Robert Randal,
John Stevens,
Stephen Lowell, James

Brickell in his room,

James Crocker,
Samuel Skillings,
Jaimes Mackcaslen,
Thomas Woodbury,
John White,
Robert Thorndike,
Smith Woodward,
Wm. Simonton,
Andrew Simonton,
Wm. Rogers,
Joseph Bailey,
892 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

John Carpman, Isvic Sawyer, sen'r, Wm. White,
John Cay, Gideon Lowa], jr., Francis Hull,
Simmel Lowell, Joseph Connant,
John Lowell, Feanklin Da- Michael Webber,
vis in his room, John Dolover,

 

Jeremiah Ho:

 

James Simpson,

No. XT.

Tu his Ececllency Wat. Burnett, Esq., Capt. General and Governour in Chief in and over his
Majesty's province of the Massachusvits Bay in New England, and the Hon. the Council and
House of Representatives in General Court assembled August 14, 1728.

The petition of the subscribers, the livirs or assigns of the ancient proprietors of the town of
Falmouth, in Casco Bay, for ourselves, and at the desire and in belalf of the other proprietors
of said town, most humbly sheweth, that whereas the Hon. the Gov. and company of the late
colony of the Massachusetts Bay, proprietors of the Provinse of Maine appointed, and specially
enipowered their committee to regulate and bring forward the settlements of the eastern part
of that country as may appear of record. And whereas the Hon. Thomas Danforth, Esq.,
Commissioner and President of said Provinve, by power and authority derived from the Hon.
the Gov. and company of the suid late colony of the Massachusetts Bay, on the twenty-sixth
day of July, one thousand six hundred and eighty-four, did give, grant, convey, and confirm
the lands in Falmouth Township unto Capt. Edward Tyng, Capt. Sylvanus Davis, Mr. Walter
Gendall, Mr. Thaddeus Clark, Capt. Anthony Brackett, Mr. Dominicus Jordan, Mr. George
Brimhall, and Mr. Robert Lawrence, their heirs and assigns forever as trustees, for and in
behalf of the inhabitants of Falmouth as appears of record, and the said trustees or committee
of said town, by virtue of the power and authority so delegated to them did proceed to lay cut
muny lots of land, and gave, granted, and confirmed the same to sundry persons, who builded
thereon, and made improvement of, until the late terrible war with the Indians, when tho
town was almost destroyed entirely, they having taken the fort and laid most of the houses in
ashes, and what was as fut to the true interest of your petitioners, the town book was then
destroyed, for it cannot since be found; so that it is a difficult matter to find out the whole
number that were adinitted settlers and proprietors by the trustees aforenamed.

& * # # # Ed * * # x * *

Since the late peace so happily established with the eastern Indians, there are numbers of
people from almost all parts of the Province, and many others from beyond the sea have rolled
in on your petitioners’ estates like a flood, and under pretence of the authority of the vote of
Court, of the 11th of November, 1718, aforesaid, for admitting fifty families at least, to settle in
the said town, which your petitioners humbly conccive, must undeniably be done by their con-
sent only who were and are the true proprietors of said town, and they have without the leave,
consent, or approbation of your suppliants the proprietors, in a most unjust and disorderly
manner, set down on and possessed themselves of their known estates and settlements, which
have been defended at the expense of the lives and blood of many of your petitioners’ ances-
tors and predecessors and they are daily in the practice of these their unjust proceedings, for
they now set themselves up not only as town inhabitants, but even proprietors of the lands,
and admit such persons as they see cause into town. * * ca Wherefore, your
petitioners take leave to muks known this their sad and unfortanate case to your Excellency
and Honours, and pray you would, of your wonte:l goodness, clemency and justice, interpose
your authority in preserving or estates to us, and order that Mr. Danforth’s deed may be
APPENDIX. 893

deemed good to the trustess therein named, for the use specified and to those that hold under
them, * = * and your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray, &e,

Robert Jordan,
Samuel Jordan,
Samuel Bucknam.
Nathiniel Jordan,
Jobu Jordan,
Benjamin York,
Grace Marshall for the heirs
of Geo. Brimhall,
Dominicus Jordan,
John Robinson,
Jeremiah Jordan,

Benj. Skillin,

Edward Tyng,

Wm. Thomas,

Jno. Robinson,

Joseph Otis,

Samuel Bucknam,

Joseph Maylem,

Elinor Pullen in behalf of
the heirs of Michael
Mitton Anthony
Brackett.

aul

John Sawyer,

Thomas Westbrook,

Wm. Cooper,

Jona. Sewall,

Joseph Calf,

John Tyler,

Samuel Sewall,

Samuel Pousland,

Thomas Fayrweather, in
behalf of Mr. Samuel

Waldo.
Thomas Jordan,

No. XIII.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE AND RESOLVES OF FALMOUTH,
FEBRUARY 3, 1774.

The committee on the subject of the communication from Boston after the destruction of the
tea, made on the 3d of February, 1774, the following report :

We omit the report as it repeats the common grievances so often set forth.

We therefore further resolve,

1. That we will not suffer to be imported from Great Britain to this town any article what-
ever, on which the parliament has laid a duty with the purpose of raising a revenue from us
without our consent.

2. That we will have no dealings or correspondence with any person who may willfully pro-
mote either directly or indirectly, the operation of such arbitrary acts.

3. That it is the opinion of this town that one of the most effectual means for obtaining a
redress of our grievances is, for every town to muke proof of their virtue by desisting from the
use of all India tea. Therefore,

4. Resolved, That whoever shall endeavor to allure the minds of the people by any means
whatever to use India tea until the act imposing a duty thereon is repealed, is pursuing mea-
sures in direct opposition to that freedom which the whole continent are at this time contend-
ing for, and evidently proves how little they are concerned if all America are enslaved if they
can but thereby enrich themselves. Therefore,

5. Resolved, That we will not buy or sell any India tea whatever, after this third day of
February, until the act which lays a duty thereon is repealed, and will hold in detestation every
person who shall aim to counteract the designs of this town in this respect.

6. Resolved, That as we are at a great distance from Boston, the metropolis of this province,
and cannot have so early intelligence of encroachments upon our rights as they have, we do
acknowledge our obligations to them for their early notices of approaching danger, and for
intrepid behaviour upon the late tea ships arrival. And we trust they will still be our watch
tower, and they may depend on our utmost endeavors to support them at all times, in defense
of our rights and liberties. Then,

Voted 2d. That the said committee of correspondence be a standing committee to correspond
with the committee uf correspondence for the town of Boston.

Voted 3d. That the selectmen of this town be a committee of inspection, whose business it
shall be to observe if any persons buy or sell tea contrary tu the resolves of this town, and to
make report thereof to the committee of correspondence.

Voted 4th. The selectmen be and hereby are desired to withhold their approbation for license
894

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

for tavern keeping or retailing, to such person or persons as may presume to buy or sell tea
contrary to the aforesaid resolves.

Voted 5th. That Mr. Benjamin Mussey, Mr. Robert Pagan, and Mr. Enoch Moody be a com-
mittee to enquire what quantity of tea is in town, of what quality, in whose hands it is, and
when imported, and make report at the annual meeting in March next.

Voted 6th. That a copy of these proceedings be by the town clerk transmitted to the com-
mittee of correspondence in Boston.

At this meeting Capt. Jeremiah Pote and Mr. Robert Pagan desired their dissent might be
entered to the sixth resolve, and to the epithets given the Ministry and East India Company.

No. NIV.

Proce tings of the Convention of Delegates from Ue towns in Cumberland County, September 21,
177), at Fulmauth, for the purpose of effecting a concert of action in relation to a non-tmpor-

tation agreement, &c.

Ata meeting of the following gentlemen chosen by the several towns in the County of
Cumberland, held at Falmouth, in said County, on the 21st day of September, 1774, at the house

of Mrs, Greele, viz., from

Falmouth.
Hon. Enoch Freeman, Esq.,
Stephen Longfellow, Esq.,
Mr. Richard Codman,
Capt. John Waite,
Mr. Enoch Isley,
“© Samuel Freeman.
: Scarborough.
Capt. Timothy McDaniel,
“Reuben Fogg,
Mr. Joshua Fabyan.
Brunswick,
Mr. Samuel Thompson,
“ Samuel Stanwood,
Capt. Thomas Moulton.

x North Yurmouth.

Mr. John Lewis,
David Mitchell, Esq.,
Mr. Jonathan Mitchell,
“ Jchn Gray,

“ William Cutter.

Gorham.
Solomon Lombard, Esq.,
William Gorham, Esq.,
Capt. Edmund Phiney,
«  Briant Morton,
Mr. Joseph Davis.
New Gloucester.

Mr. William Harris,

“  Jsaac Parsons.

Cape Elizabeth.
Dr. Clement Jordan,
Mr. Peter Woodbury,
“Samuel Dunn,
Capt. Judah Dyer,
Dr. Nathaniel Jones,
Mr. George Strout.
Harpswell.
Mr. Joseph Ewing,
Capt John Stover,
Mr. Andrew Dunning.
Windham.
Mr. Zerubbabel Honywell,
“ Thomas Trott,
“David Barker.

The Hon. Enoch Freeman, Esq., was chosen chairman. Mr. Samuel Freeman, Clerk.

A committee from the body of peuple who were assembled at the entrance of the town,
waited on this convention, to see if they would choose a committee of one member out of each
town, to join them to wait upon Mr. Sheriff Tyng to see whether he would act in his office,
under the late act of Parliament for regulating the government.

On a motion made, Voted, That a messenger be sent to the said Sheriff Tyng, to desire his
A messenger then waited upon Mr. Tyng with the following

attendance at this convention.

billet, viz:

“Mr. Sheriff Tyng’s company is desired at the Convention of the County, now sitting at Mrs.

CGreele’s.

“Wednesday, Sept. 21st, 1774, 11 o’clock, A. M.”

SamuEL FREEMAN, Clerk.

Mr. Tyng accordingly attended, and after some interrogations, subscribed the following

declarations, viz:

“County or CUMBERLAND, Falmouth, Sept. 21, 1774.
“Whereas great numyers of the inhabitants of this County are now assembled near my
house, in consequence: of the false representation of sume evil minded per3zons, who have
APPENDIX. 895

roported that I have endeavored all in my power to enforce the late acts of Parliament, relat-
ing to this province: I do hereby solemnly declare that I have not in any way whatever acted
or endeavored to act in conformity to said act of Parliament: And in compliance with the
commands of the inhabitants so ass2mbled, and by the advice of a committee from the several
towns in this County now assembled in Congress, I further declare I will not as Sheriff of said
County, or otherwise, act in conformity to, or by virtue of, said acts, unless by the general
consent of the said County. I further declare, T have not received any commission inconsistent
with the charter of this Province, nor any commission whatever, since the first day of July
last. Wim Tyna.”

“County of Cumberland—At the convention of committees from the several towns in the
said County, held at the house of Mrs. Greele, in Falmouth, in said County, September 21st,
li74, Voted, That the foregoing by William Tyng, Esq., subscribed, is satisfactory to this con-
vention. Attest : SAveEL FREEMAN.”

The convention then formed themselves into a committee to accompany Mr. Tyng to tho
body of the people, to present the above declaration, and adjourned to the old Town House, at
3 o'clock, P. M., the deliberation to be in public.

The committee accordingly went with Mr. Tyng, who read the declaration to the people,
which they voted to be satisfactory, and after refreshing themselves, returned ‘peaceably to
their several homes.

P. M. 3 o'clock, met according to adjournment.

Voted, That Mr. Samuel Freeman, Solomon Lombard, Esq , Stephen Longfellow, Esq., David
Mitchell, Esy., John Lewis, Capt. John Waite, Samuel Thompson, Capt. Timothy McDaniel,
Doct. Nathaniel Jones, Isaac Parsons, Enoch Freeman, Esq., David Barker, and Capt. John
Stover, be a committee to draw up the sentiments of this convention, and report the same at
the adjournment.

Then adjourned to Thursday morning at eight o’clock.

* * * th * = ae * * a * *

No. XV.

Proceedings of the Committees of Correspondence and Inspection in Falmouth.

The following will exhibit some of the proceedings of the committees of the town at three
different periods of this year.

FaLmoutu, January 4, 1775.

The committee of inspection met, pursuant to adjournment at Mrs. Greele’s. Present,
Messrs. Benjamin Titcomb, Enoch Isley, Benj. Mussey, Jos. McLellan, Pelatiah March, Joseph
Noyes, Smith (W. Cobb, Pearson Jones, Jedediah Cobb, John Butler, Sam’l Freeman, Theo
Parsons. The Chairman absent.

Voted, That Mr. Benjamin Titcomb be chairman of this committee for this evening.

The committee proceeded to give their opinions respecting Mr. Smith’s request [made with
due deference to the committee, as the only proper authority existing at that time].

Voted, That Mr. Smith be desired to attend.

Mr. Smith attended and was heard.

Voted, That it is the opinion of this committee that Mr. Smith if he should sell the powder
he imported from Great Britain at 20s. % tb, would violate the 9th article of the American
Association.

Voted, That the chairman, or (in case of his absence) any three of the committee should be
empowered to convene the committee whenever he or they should think proper.

Attest: Treo, Parsons, Clerk.

Fatmoutu, March 2, 1775.
Ata meeting of the committee of inspection, at the library chamber, to determine what
8496 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

ought to be done with respect to a vessel that arrived here this day from Bristol, supposed to
have goods and merchandize for Capt. Thomas Coulson on board,

Voted, That Mr. Benjamin Mussey, Capt. Joseph McLellan, and Mr. Benj. Titcomb be a
committee to employ some persons to see that no goods are landed from said vessel during the
debates of the committee of inspection, and to desire that Capt. Coulson and the master of said
yessel would attend this committee. Capt. Coulson and the master accordingly attended; and
being asked if said vessel came from Bristol, and what she had on board, answered that she
did come from Bristol, and had on board rigging, sails and stores for a new ship lately built
here by Capt. Coulson.

Voted, That Capt. Joseph McLellan, Mr. Jedediah Cobb, Mr. Benjamin Mussey, and Mr.
Samuel Freeman be a committee to go on board said vessel, or employ some other persons to
go on board her to see whether she has on board any goods other than the rigging, sails and
stores for said new ship.

The meeting was then adjourned to cight o’clock to-morrow morning to incet at the library
chamber, and that in the mean time the absent members be desired to attend.

Fatmouta, March 3, 1775.

The committee of inspection met pursuant to adjournment. Present, Enoch Freeman, Esq.,
Messrs. Daniel Isley, Benj. Titcomb, Enoch Ilsley, John Waite, Stephen Waite, Benj. Mussey,
Wm. Owen, Sam’l Knights, Jedediah Cobb, John Butler, Jabez Jones, Smith Cobb, Pelatiah
March, Pearson Jones, Joseph Noyes, Samuel Freeman, Joseph McLellan, Theophilus Parsous.

The question being put, whether Capt. Coulson’s taking said rigging and sails out of the
yesselin which they arrived, and his appropriating them to rig his new ship in order to send
her to England, will be a violation of the American Association.

After along and serious debate, it was resolved in the affirmative by a majority of fourteen
to five.

Voted, Therefore, that said rigging, sails and stores, for said new ship, ought forthwith to
be sent back again, without breaking any of the packages thereof—by a majority of fourteen
to five.

Voted, N.C. D. hat all other goods and merchandize that were imported in said vessel
ought also forthwith to be sent back again, without breaking any of the packages thereof.

Voted, That Messrs. Enoch Ilsley, John Waite, and Daniel Ilsley be a committee, imme-
diately to inform Capt. Coulson of the result of this committee, and that they are now sitting,
if he is desirous to attend them. Capt. Coulson attended, and informed the committee the
vessel in which his rigging and sails arrived, was so out of repair that she was unfit to return
back again, until she was repaired, and that in order to repair her, the freight must be taken
out. The meeting was then adjourned to 3 o’clock P. M., to meet at the same place.

Attest: THEOPHILUS Parsons, Clerk.
FaLmourta, September 22d, 1775.

Ata meeting of a committee of the said town of Falmouth, chosen on the 19th instant, to
put the Resolves of the General Court and Congress of this colony in execution,

Voted, Mr. Enoch Moody, Chairman. Mr. Nat. Green Moody, Clerk.

Voted, That Capt. P— be ordered to go to the General Court, by land, on or before Thursday
next, to answer for his conduct with respect to exporting fish. # * *

Voted, That Messrs. Moses Plumer, John Bagley, and Wm. McLellan be a committee to
inspect inward and outward bound vessels.

Meeting adjourned to the house of Enoch Moody on Tuesday next at 5 o'clock, P. M.

October 3d. The committee met at the desire of Mr. Samuel Longfellow, who on his passage
to the West Indies, met with a gale of wind, damaged his vessel, and lost part of his deck-load,
and asks leave to reload his vessel, and proceed on his voyage. Then

Voted, That he be not permitted to take any more loading on board.

Deacon Titcomb and Mr. Enoch Ilsley applied for leave to’send a sloop on a whaling voyage:
The committee voted that it was not in their power.

To shew further what kind of government existed at that time, T add the following :

Fa.mourg, Noy. 4th, 1775.

At aimecting of aniumber of gentlemen, from the several towns, at Col. Tyng’s house, Col.
Jona. Mitchell chosen Moderator, P. Jones, Clerk.
APPENDIX. 897

Mr, James Sullivan was chosen Commander-in-Chief over the Militia and the other com-
panies now in pay in the province.

Voted, That four persons be appointed to assist Mr. Sullivan.

Voted, That Col. Mitchell be second in command—Col. Fogg third—Deacon Titcomb, Major
Noyes.

Mr. Isaiah Tucker be commander to take care of the cannon and see them in order.

Voted a committee to supply the soldiers.

Voted one person to supply the people, and Mr. Wm. Owen was chosen.

Voted a person to collect what balls we can get. Mr. Brackett Marston, and Mr. John
Bagley, to collect the balls.

No, XVI.

Muster roll of Capt. David Bradish’s Company in Col. Phinney’s regiment to August 1, 1775.

David Bradish, Falmouth, Capt., enlisted Jona. Gardner, Private, May 12
April 24, 1774. John Clough, m *
Bartholomew York, 6 Ast Lt., ts Thomas Paine, sf 7
Paul Ellis, fe 2d Lt., “ Eben’r Newman, “ ue
Wm. Farrington, ie Ast Serg., May 12 Daniel Green, + es
Caleb Carter, te a 6% ce Joshua Robinson, tf Mi
Levi Merrill, . 3d “s Joseph Barbour, e a
Abner Dow, de 4th “ s Josiah Shaw, e ne
Henry Sewall, se 1st Corp., “ Joshua Berry, a #
Isaac Child, s 2a © S Samuel Dow, ee =
Daniel Mussey, ie 3d se § Tobias Pillsbury, SP oe
Richard Gooding, se 4th * ee Thomas Cavanah, a ef

Benjamin Tukey,
Benjamin Scollay,
Daniel Gookin,
Cornelius Bramhall,
Abijah Parker,
Abijah Pool,
Zachariah Nowell,
Wm. Hutchinson,
Jacob Amey,
Moses Grant,
Charles Knight,
Matthias Haynes,
Enoch Moody,
Wm. Moody,
Lemuel Gooding,

Private, oe

Loring Cushing,
Zachariah Baker,
Daniel Marston,
Henry Flood,
James Flood,
Joseph Thomes,
Samuel Cates,
John M’Intosh,
John Bailey,
Philip Fowler,
Joseph Cox,
George Bell,
John Penniman,
John Scott,
Benjamin Randel,

Moses Burdick, ms © te Richard Conden, “ z
Eben’r Clough, sf : Jona. Rand, Drum Major, i
John Pettingell, a 8 Joseph Hearsay, “Fifer, a

James McManners,

 

No. XVII.

The houses now standing, 1831, which survived the conflagration of the town are, in Congress
street, Jeremiah Preble’s, and David Wyer, jr’s, opposite the burying-ground, Abner Lowell's,
Enoch Moody’s, on the corner of Franklin street,* Thomas Smith’s, corner of Wilmot street, Dr.
898 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Deane’s, next above the meeting house. On the south side, Smith Cobb’s, Mrs. Greele’s, Jona-
than Paine’s,* corner of Essex street, and Jonathan Bryant's.

Middle street. Col. Tyng’s,* Theophilus Bradbury’s,* John Greenwood’s, now Mrs. Jewett’s,
corner of Silver street, Joshua Freeman’s, corner of Exchange strect, Benjamin Titcomb’s, cor-
ner of Plum street,* Marston’s tavern, Ham’s, corner of Center street, Wm. McLellan’s and
Benjamin Mussey’s, both moved back and now standing in Temple street, Deacon Codman’s,
the tavern house now occupied by Morehead, John Barbour’s,a house belonging to Gen. Preble |
which stood where Court street enters Middle street, now on Court street, lately occupied by
Jonathan Stuart, the house on the corner of Court street then occupied by the Owens, who
moved to Brunswick, Dr. Watts’s,* on Lime street, and the house occupied by the late Dr
Harding on a court.*

Fore street. The two story wooden house on the corner of the street which leads to Clay
Cove from Middle street,* Benjamin Proctor’s, one story, now standing in the rear of Warren
and Hersey’s brick store.* Wm. Thomes’,* Fore street above Plum, Deacon Cotton’s, corner of
Center street, moved to Cotton street, Bryce MclIellan’s* near the foot of High street, and
Poge’s, near the junction of Fore and Pleasant streets.

Excange street. Mrs. Deering’s, a house moved by Col. Waite to Fore street, and now stand-
ing there above Center street.*

Plum street. The Randall house east side next below Capt. McLellan’s.

Center street. The late Judge Frothingham’s, corner of Free street, Dinsdale’s, near the foot.

Congress street. The McLellan house,* opposite Mechanics’ Hall, Motley house nearly op-
posite, the Asylum house, which then belonged to Benjamin Larrabee, the Trott house
one story, nearly opposite State street.

 

*These houses remain in 1864.

A drawing of the town was made representing it at the time of the fire, of which it was
proposed to make an engraving. The following graphic letter from Dr. Deane on the subject
will repay perusal.

““Sir—I find you have been so partial to me as to manifest in a letter to the Col. some opinion
of my skill in drawing, by desiring that I would suggest some alterations and amendments in
Pointer’s draft. I profess but little experience in such mitters; but I have been examining it
as well as I could—and in general [ think the design very badly executed; for I can find
scarcely one building drawn according to truth. King street is not so straight as it ought to
have been; and all the houses adjoining it are drawn with their ends to the street, whereas
the most of them fronted it. The court-house is miserably done. One street is omitted, viz.
that between Capt. John Cox’s house and the Miss Holton’s. The wind-mill should have been
placed further to the north-east. Back street should have altered its course from the meeting
house to the wind-mill. Barns and buildings of less importance are almost wholly omitted, and
some large stores not inserted. AJl the buildings between the wind-mill and Fiddle lane on
Back street are left out. These are some of the most essential faults that have occurred to
me; but it would be endless to enumerate all the errors. :

Ishould think it advisable that the gentleman who makes the plate should come and see
the town; for I can conceive of no other way for him to get so true an idea of it. The expense
of his journey will but little augment the cost of the whole. But if it should be thought best
to go on with the work immediately, I would suggest the following alterations:

Let barns, &c., be placed where you can recollect there were any; and perhaps it would not
be amiss to make some where you do not remember any. Not only does justice require it, but
it is necessary to give the appearance of a compact settlement. Let the meeting-house have a
bell, and also a window or two in the tower. Especially let the taking of a man with a torch
in Cox’s lane be inserted. The stripping of a fallen officer near to Capt. Pearson’s house in
the street; and the knocking down of an incendiary with the breech of a gun near to Mr.
Butler’s door. Perhaps it would not be amiss to have two or three teams that were belated
in some of the streets, and people huddling goods into the carts. A man may be placed near
the fre-shell that fell near the meeting-house, tossing it away with the muzzel of his gun.
APPENDIX. 899

I think the sun might be placed higher above the horizon, or else left out entirely. Tho
street as you enter the town is more than twice as wide as it should be. Isuppose there
should be another boat attempting to land at Mr. Cotton’s, and armed men opposing it.

The hay-market should be placed where the street divides.

The wharves should be nearer parallel with the cross streets than they are,

The roof of Doctor Watts’ house should be shaped after this manner. Pe iis.

a2—_ The roof of my house thus, BAB
The roof of Col. Preble’s thus, [@aaW8|
(aay

The roof of Mr. Marston's
The roof of your shop thus, [ever] house thus, :
ke

The roofs of Mr. Codman’s and Mr. Codman’s store from the
Capt. Boynton’s thus, ETDs: thus,

The rest may be represented as having common, or pitched roofs.

One general fault that I observe is, that the low houses are made too small in proportion to
the large ones,

Mr. Codman’s lane should have been right against the front door of the mecting-house, and
a little to the north-east of it, the lane that goes down between Capt. Ross’ and Dea. Titcomb’s.
My house is seventy feet from the nearest part of the mecting-house, the barn and part of the
wood-house should appear between them. The hill at the north-east end of the Neck is not
near high enough; nor do the grave-stones appear plenty cnough in the burying-ground. The
land should rise. you know, as you come out of the town; from Capt. Joseph McLellan’s to Mr
Joshua Brackett’s, it is up-hill.

These corrigenda I have found in the draft I borrowed of Mr. Preble. Possibly it may he
different from that which you have. You will please to see whether these faults are in it, and
direct the engraver accordingly.

What if you should write over the piece, “A View of the burning of Falmouth, in Casco Bay,
the principal town of the county of Cumberland, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in
New England.”

At the bottom you may put something like the following :—That execrable scoundrel and
monster of ingratitude, Capt. H. Mowatt, of Scotland, who had been treated with extraordinary
kindness a few months before by the town of Falmouth, obtained by his most earnest solicita-
tion an order from Graves, one of King George’s admirals lying at Boston, together with the
command of a small fleet, having on board the necessary apparatus, to burn and destroy the
said town. He came before it the 17th day of October, in the year 1775, and near sunset, made
known his infernal errand, by a flag with a letter full of bad English and worse spelling; at
the same time proposing to spare the town, and endeavor to get the order reversed, if the can-

~ non and arms, with some persons as hostages, were delivered ito his hands. The inhabitants
assembled and voted by no means to submit to this infamous proposal. Therefore he spent the
next day in cannonading, bombarding and throwing an immense quantity of carcasses and
live-shells into the defenceless town, and kindling some fires with torches, whereby more than
three quarters of the buildings, with much wealth in them, were reduced to ashes, and the
remaining ones greatly torn and damaged—by which horrible devastation and loss, estimated
at , many hundreds of persons were reduced to extreme distress. And this
just view of the town in flames, is made public to shew to the world a specimen of the conduct
of George the third and his tory-underlings, towards colonists who were supposed to be uneasy
-under British tyranny; and what vengeance was executed upon them long before the corrupt
court of Britain declared them to be in a state of rebellion.

If you do not like the words execrable scoundrel, you may say, infamous incendiary, or what
you please. Your humble servant,

Samuel Freeman, Esy.

 

 

SAMUEL DEANE.
900 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

No. XVIII.

Losses sustained by the inhabitants in the destruction of the town Oct. 18, 1775.

We, the subscribers, chosen by the town of Falmouth, to examine and liquidate the accounts
of those persons who suffered by the burning the town aforesaid the 18th of October, 1775, by
the British fleet under the command of Henry Mowatt, have examined and liquidated the same
according to the best of our judgment, which amounts to the sum of fifty-four thousand five
hundred and twenty-seven pounds thirteen shillings. For the inspection of Congress, of which
the following is a list.

PeTER NoYes, Hana NED WILSON,
CR ree ae
DAnret ILsLey, JosEPH Noyes,
Falmouth, Noy. 2, 1776.
iVames. Total. Loss. Names. Total. Loss.
Enoch Freeman, Esq., £1,104 Abraham Osgood, TS
Stephen Longfellow, Esq., 1,119 Joseph Emery, 159 10s.
Jedediah Preble, Esq., 2,370 George Warren, 278
John Cox, 670 Thomas Wycr, 325
Simeon Mayo, 2,154 David Wyer, 67
Paul Little, 683 Isaac Randell, 24
Benjamin Titcomb, 316 10s. John Dole, 8
Philip Kelley, 120 Peter Warren, 5 12s.
Jonathan Morse, Jun., 274 Jacob Adams, 41
Josiah Tucker, 213 Edward Watts, 192
James Purinton, 549 Else Greele, 6
Jane Sweetser, 315 10s. | Cornelius Brimhall, 407
Joseph Bailey, 300 Enoch Moody, 8
Melatiah Young, 84 Cornelius Briggs, 4
Colman Watson, 153 Thomas Sanford, 184
Stephen Morse, 43 Mary Horn, i7
John Stevenson, 225 10s. John Johnston, 45
Moses Haskell, 501 Thos. Sanford adm. to the estate of
Benjamin Pettengill, 393 10s. Arthur Hewell, deceased, 584
Benjamin Jenks, 213 Zebulon Noyes, 325
Esther Stickney, 13 Moses Bagley, 80
Jabez Bradbury, 88 - John Martin, 202
Nathaniel Hale, 30 Joseph Thomes, 48 12s,
Peter Woodbury, 70 James Gooding, Jun., 26
Thomas Newman, 255 Nathaniel G. Moody. 208
Simon Gookin, VW James Flood, 36
Pearson Jones, 113 Enoch Isley, 2,107
Paul Cammett, 58 Isaac Isley, Jun., 212
Joseph Hatch, a Estate of Sarah Mosely, deceased, 506
Jemima Harrison, 22 John Thrasher, 121
Margaret Due, 8 Ammi Ililton, 267
Tucker & Newman, Adm. to the es- Joseph Silvester, 210
tate of J. Thrasher, deceased, 230 Silvanus Brown, 10 18s.
Robert Dryburg, 18 Joseph Quimby, Jun., 310
Josiah Bailey, 20 Benjamin Rand, 559
Abijah Parker, 10 Moses Shattuck, 451
John Thurlo, 411 5s.4d. Josiah and Joseph Noye;, 454
James Swain, 22 Joseph Quimby, 413
John Archer, 50 ds. Abijah Pool, 212

John Hans, 10 Joseph Harding, 6
 

APPENDIX. 901
Nam's. To'al Loss. Vines, Total Loss.

Thomas Cobb, 100 Thomas Motley, 90
James Frost, i Jesse Iarding, 11
Josiah Shaw, 8 Josiah Rige 756
John Butler, 1,523 Timothy Pike, GOL
Enoch Freeman, Jun., 11 12: Benjamin Waite, 762
William Brown, 7 Henry Young Brown, 16
Joshua Lawrence, 360 Henry Wheeler, 66
Wheeler Riggs, al Janies Govding, 417
Daniel Riggs, 120 John Waite, 625
Joseph Ingraham, :OL Ilcirs to the estate of John Waite,
Caleb Carter, ag deceased, 505
Abigail Crosby, B2 Ephraim Broad, 82
William Hoole, 16 Stephen Woodman, B34
Paul Prince & Co., 590 Moses Noyes, 102
Philip Fowler, 2 8s. William 5 Pearson, 84
Samuel Bradbury, 168 Timothy Noyes, 12
Daniel Pettingill, 353 Mary Bralbury, 236
Mary Kelly, 102 Mary Stickney, 290
Jozeph Blancher, 469 James Cobb, 69
William Hustin, 265 John Tukey, Jun., 499
Samuel Freeman, Esc., S73 Dudley Cammett, 143
Sim. Freeman for Wm Hor?n, By) Samuel Lowell, 1
George Burns, 102 John Minot, 15
William Harper, 599 Jonathan Elwell, 108
Ebenezer Snow, 148 10s. Town of Falmouth, 288
Taomas Bradbury, 30) County of Cumberland, sco
John Baker, 234 Proprietors St. Paul’s Church, 1,200
Mary Coverly, 152 Committee for Joshua Moody, 239
Jonathan Lambert, 152 Johnjlyng, Esq., 12)
Wanton Stover, 424 Nathaniel Coffin; 721 123.8d
Edmund Mountfort, 852 Committee for Mrs. Lowther, 159
Noah Noyes, 402 Rey. Thomas Smith, 424
Peter Merrill, 16 Anna Onlton & Co. 630
Mary Corser, 5 Harrison Brazier, 145
Jonathan Bryant, 42 David Woodman, 134
Ezekiel Hatch, 116 Thoms Child, 31
Joshua Brown, 170 Abigail Cobham, 59
John Burnam, 533 John Kent and Oxnard, 395
Ebenezer Mayo, 63) Ephraim Jones, Bot
Moses Lunt, 78 Moses Pearson, Esq., GOL
Jeremiah Veasay, 85 Ebenezer Owen, 445,
Jeremiah Berry, Die Roland Bradbury, 42
John Bradbury, 28 John Ingersoll, 122
Josiah Baker, 203 Stephen Waite, 1,159
Chipman Cobb, 69 Lemuel Cox, 21 10s.
Ebenezer (sustin, 106 Wm. Waterhouse, 480
Lucy Conden, 4 10s. Moses Plumer, 551
Nathaniel D-e2ring, 416 Joseph McLellan, 121
Christopher Kelley, 403 Elizabeth Freeman, 5 18s.
Joseph Riggs, Jun , 247 Zachariah Nowell, 336 133.8d
Summers Shattuck, 810s. David Noyes, 471
Jonathan Morse, 163 Jereminh P ote, 858
John Nichols, St Mury Shearman, 4
Samu2] Mountfort, 438 Jacob Bradbury, 198
John Gresnwoad, 165 Thomas Cummings, 1,196 16s.4d
902 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Numes. Total Loss. Names. Total Loss.
John Veasey, 66 John Bailey, 12 6s.
Abraham Stevens, 11 David Stoddard, 200
Muirgaret Miberry, 50) James Johnson, 6.
Mary Cunningham, 1L Lucy Smith, 60
John Wood, t John Fox, 150
Pelatiah Fernald, 37

ADDITIONAL LOSSES AT FALMOUTH.

Daniel Pettengill, £359 17 8 Philip Fowler, £ 2
Abiguil Crosby, 143.68 Paul Prince & Co., 500
James Frost, 79152 Joseph Ingraham, 300
Daniel Riggs, 120 Moses Haskell, 493 3 6
Mary Kelly, 10215 2 Nathaniel Springate, 29 7
Wheeler Riggs, 19 68 County House, per Mr. Longfellow’s
Josaph Blanchard & Co., 460 certificate, 495
Mary Huston, 233. 41  Taomas Child, 4234
Samuel Bradbury, : 148 106 John Kent, 42271
No. XIX.

Proceedings of ti: inraditants to obtain relief from Europe, with letters from Gov. Bowdoin
and Pownal, and an address to the people of Ireland.

NO. I—LETTER FROM B. TITCOMB.

Bs Boston, Oct. 25, 1783.
I have, with sacrificing near three days of my time, completed the address to England, which
I last night delivered to the care of Mr. John Wheelwright, who is to sail this day for London.
With the advice of Mr. Bowdoin, Mr. Powell and some other gentlemen, we have directed it to
Gov. Pownal, as Doct. Price is engaged for Charlestown. The address to France being signed
by three of the committee only, Mr. Bowdoin is of opinion it will not answer, as it does not
correspond with the certificate that attends it, and which I have now enclosed, that you may
draft it anew, and get all the committee to sign it,and send up either to Mr. Powell or Bowdoin
4s soon as possible, as the vessel bound to France, will sail in eight days. I have given a copy
of it to the French consul, who has been so kind as to engage to write to the French minister,
and enclose it to him. We have concluded to direct it to Dr. Franklin, as Mr. Adams might
be on his passage home; so that you may complete a letter to him correspondent to the ad-
dress, and Mr. Bowdoin’s letter to Dr. Franklin, which with another letter to the committee,
Ihave enclosed. I think it also advisable for the committee to write to Mr. Adams, as it is
possible he may not have sailed for home. Mr. La Tome, the consul, thinks it advisable that
his letter and the one to Dr. Franklin, should both go together in the same ship bound to
France. If you direct it to Mr. Bowdoin, he will get the governour’s certificate annexed and

cover, and direct them, &c. As the mailis now closing, I subscribe
Your friend and humble servant, BENJAMIN TITCOMB.

NO. 2—LETTER FROM GOV. BOWDOIN.

Boston, Sept. 24, 1783.
Sir—I received your letter of the 15th by Mr. Titcomb, who communicated to me the papers
the committee had prepared. One set of them, viz., that intended for England, has been com-
pleted, and directed to Goy, Pownal, enclosed and sealed up with a letter of mine to that gen-
APPENDIX. 903

tleman, which I have delivered to Mr. Titcomb for Mr. Wheelwright, who takes the charge of
it, and will sail the first wind for London. A copy of my letter to Gov. Pownal is herewith
sent to you. The other set has been completed, so far as it could be here; one of tho papers
of it not having been signe:] by several of the committee. After consultation with some friends,
it was judged advisable by Mr. Titcomb and myself, that it should be sent to Dr. Franklin, to
whom, in ccnsequence of your letter, I have written on the subject; and my letter te him un-
sealed, is with the papers intended for France; which for completion, you will receive by Mr.
Titcomb, and then dispose of them us you think proper. I went with Mr. Titcomb to the
French consul, with whom we hada good deal of conversation, about which he can inform
you; and also in what way we thought it advisable that this business, as it respects France,
should be conducted. He can inform you also of the reasons, why the first mentioned papers
were directed to Mr. Pownal. It will give me great pleasure to know, that this affair has been
conducted in a manner, that meets with your approbation; and still greater, if it should finally
prove successful. -

I have the honour to be with great respect for yourself and the other gentlemen of the com
inittee, Sir, your most obt. and humble serv’t,

JAMES BowDOIN,
Honourable Enoch Freeman, Esq., Chairman of the Committee.

NO. 3—MR. BOWDOIN’S LETTER TO GOV. POWNAL IN LONDON.

Boston, Sept. 23, 1783.

Dear Str—I had the honour of writing to you by Mr. (iorham ona subject similar to the
present. The former respected Charlestown, and this relates to Falmouth, in Casco Bay; the
greater part of which, as is sufficiently known, was wantonly burnt in October, 1775, by the
order of Admiral Graves.

Thave just received a letter from the committee of Falmouth, accompanied with a letter to
yourself on that subject; a general address to the friends of humanity in Wngland, which they
wish to have published; and a certificate of their appointment, which they desire me to get
properly authenticated. The authentication under the seal of the Commonwealth, will accord-
ingly be annexed to the address and certificate and enclosed.

In the address they have left a blank for the name of the gentleman, to whose care the do-
nations are requested to be delivered ; and it is their desire you will please to allow and direct
your name to be inserted in it.

To a gentleman of your benevolence and humanity, and in whose former relation to them a
governour, the people of Falmouth, with the proviace in general, thought themselves very
happy, it need only be observed on this occasion, that they continue, what you knew them to
be, a worthy people; that they are under great embarrassments by reason of the losses they
have sustained; and that the donations of the benevolent for their relief cannot be more fitly
applied. I have the honour to be with every sentiment of esteem,

Dear Sir, your most obedient and very humble servant,
JAMES BowDoin.

The Honourable Goy. Pownal.

NO. 4-GOV. POWNAL’S LETTER.

Ricumonp, [Surrey,] Dec. 9, 1783.

GenrLemen—lI received the latter end of last month your letter dated Falmouth, Sept. 3,
1783. It was enclosed and forwarded to me by my worthy friend Mr. Bowdoin, and it came to
my hands by favor of Mr. Wheelwright, who sent it to me at this place.

You are not mistaken in your opinion of the affection I bear to the good people of the Mas”
sachusetts Bay; nor am I insensible to the marks of regard and affection which I always ex-
perienced from them.

I wish most sincerely that your case stated to this country, at this time, could be promised to
have more effect than I fear it will have. And I wish as sincerely that T could promise you
90 £ HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

without deceiving you, that I (in my present retired secluded situation in this country) was
capable of doing you the service which you flatter yourselves I am.

Alas! You little know how people in this old world feel about those distant matters, distant
in time and place. The retaliated severities of civil war, of a war of brethren, are always
cruelties, which those who have a disposition to relieve the distresses of fellow-creatures know
not how to interfere in, by their charity; while the general clamor of their fellow-subjects,
and the sentiments of their government, are calling for relief on the other hand for those ofa
different description, who are supposed to have suffered under like severities, yet cannot obtain
that redress, which negotiation stipulated for them. I beg that I may be rightly understood,
not to enter here on the grounds of policy or justice in the subject matter, but simply into the
grounds of the reasoning and feeling of people here on the fact. Those, who from a general
lbenevolence, have pity for their fellow-creatures (be they whom they may) that actually suffer
distress, and may feel willing to administer relief, will, under these circumstances be puzzled.
And to those who have no feeling or disposition this way, these circumstances will be excuses
under which they will justify themselves to the world and to themselves. This view of the
matter makes_me doubt of the success of your application, in this country at this time; and
makes it appear peculiarly and personally difficult in me to become a principal in it. :

Under these circumstances, as I never did and never will promise more than I can perform,
all that I can promise is, that I will make enquiry what can be done and what I may venture
to do safely and with propriety; and that I will do. As faras I have been able to lay this
matter before those who are the best judges, us well as the best disposed to promote any busi-
ness which can serve the citizens of America, they see it exactly in the form in which I do,
and in which I have stated it to you. I have also on application to a person, the most conver-
sant in the publications in our newspapers, and who has been a great sharer in them, and I
have no great hope that the printers of our present papers will be willing to publish the case
gratis as youimagined. ‘This however shall make no difference. I shall go to London the day
after to-morrow, I will then enquire what can be done, and will do every thing in my power
to the purport of your letter. Besides the matters and reasons stated above which make it
very difficult for a person, circumstanced as I am, for a person retired as I am, from the busi-
ness of this old world, and from its connections, to undertake this business. The resolution
which I have taken and am putting in execution of quitting England in spring, renders it
impracticable after my departure. As amongst other views, I have it in contemplation to
come to Anierica, You may easily conceive how pleasant a thing it would be to me to come
with the desired relief in my hand.

I will at all events endeavor to find out some person more and better calculated in efficiency,
though not in inclination, to your purpose than I am or can be; and if I can meet with such,
as I can be satisfied will be really willing and able to serve you in this matter, I will put your
affairs into his hands and do as an individual, what I feel, duty calls upon nie to do.

Iam as of old, so at present, in zeal and affection to the citizens of the Massachusetts State,

Gentlemen, your friend and faithful serv’t,
= T. PowNaL,

To the Hon. Enoch Freeman, Esq., and others,
a committee of the sufferers in Falmouth, Casco Bay.

NO. 5—-ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND.

To all friends of humanity and charitable persons in Ireland.

The following address of the distressed and much injured inhabitants of Falmouth, in Casco
Bay, in New England, is respectfully presented by the subscribers, their committee,

We hereby make known to you, that in the month of October, A. D. 1775, soon after the
beginning of the late unhappy contest between Great Britain and this country, a number of
armed vessels, under the command of one Henry Mowatt, entered our harbour and drew up in
line of battle. As no naval hostilities had then commenced, we viewed them with surprise,
and wondered what should be the cause of their manceuyers. But how great was our aston-
ishment, when hy a flag, wo were informed that he had orders from Mr, Graves, a British
\

APPENDIX. 905

admiral, to burn our town. We in vain remonstrated against such cruel conduct; nor could
all our entreaties, or the soft persuasions of the gentler sex, avail with him to avert his cruel
purpose; notwithstanding the obligations he was under to us for having, a littlo while before,
rescued him from the hands of a number of incensed men. But with unparalleled barbarity,
whilst we were in a defenceless and inactive situation, he suddenly began the attack, and in a
day, reduced to ashes more than three-fourths of our once fair and flourishing town, giving us
scarcely time to escape with our wives and children from the devouring flames, which, with
horror, we now beheld consuming our delightful habitations.

St. Paul's church, a large new building, a very elegant and costly new court-house, the
town-house, and the public library; one hundred and thirty dwelling-houses, with a great
number of out houses, shops, stores, and most of the wharves, with all the vessels in the har-
bour (except two that were carried off) were entirely consumed—together with large quantities
of merchandize, household furniture and other goods.

Thus were we at once reduced to unspeakable distress. The sick, the aged, and infirm,
among the rest, were obliged to seek for shelter to the new back settlements, and wander to
and fro in quest of the necessaries of life; depending on the hospitality of those, who could
but poorly support themselves.

The whole loss occasioned by this horrid conflagration, as estimated by order of government,
amounted to fifty-four thousand six hundred pounds. And this loss has been exceedingly
increased by means of the total stagnation thereby put to our trade and navigation, by the im-
practicability of following those trades, whereby many of us were supported, and by the dis-
persed condition we have been in ever since.

We are therefore constrained to ask relief from our compassionate friends, whose property
has not toa degree like this, been made a prey to the ravages of fire and sword. Let your
imaginations paint to you, the state of men reduced from affluence and ease to poverty and
distress, and we cannot but flatter ourselves you will let your munificence be employed to
cheer our hearts and relieve us from our pressing wants, We greatly need help in rebuilding
our waste places—and to you as brethren we repair, who are children of the same great Parent
of the world, on whom we all depend for whatever we enjoy, who is ever well pleased with
‘the sacrifices of a charitable heart, and who will not fail to reward the cheerful giver.

As we are rejoicing in the returning blessings of peace, you will greatly contribute to our
happiness, by lightening the evils which bring a damp upon our joy—and enabling us gladly
to return to our former situations, which have been so long abandoned. So shall we have fresh
occasion to pray for your prosperity, and glory in your friendship.

Even the smallest gratuities will be thankfully received—and faithfully applied by the sub-
scribers to the general relief of the unhappy sufferers. And they may be delivered to the care
of our worthy friend or such persons as he may
appoint to receive them to transmit to us for that purpose,

Enoca FREEMAN, Timotuy PIKE,

JEDEDIAH PREBLE, Joun WAITER.
Sam’. FREEMAN,

No. XX.

A grant of two townships of land, each six miles square, to the sufferers of Falmouth, waa
made by the General Court of Massachusetts, March. 9, 1791, on petition of Enoch Iisley,
Nathaniel Deering, Samuel Freeman, and Thomas Sandford. One condition of the grant was,

58
906 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

that the grantees should settle a certain number of families within three years on the town
ships. These were incorporated by the name of Freeman and New Portland in 1808. In 1880,
New Portland contained 1,215 inhabitants, and Freeman 724.

The suffcrers formed a propriety and held regular meetings; in 1793, the towns were sur-
veyed and divided into lots of one hundred acres each, and after ineffectual attempts to sell
the whole tracts, first at one dollar an acre and afterwards at fifty cents, and even a much less
sum, they were distributed among the sufferers by lot. In the grant there were reserved six
hundred and forty acres for the support of schools, five hundred and sixty for the ministry,
eight hundred for the first settled minister, and four hundred and seventy-four for the future
appropriation of government. Beside these, the proprietors reserved for sale to defray expenses
six thousand seven hundred and twenty acres. The grant on the whole was productive of
little or no benefit to the sufferers. the expenses and taxcs having consumed the capital. The
town petitioned for a future grant a year or two after, but were not successful.

No. XXI.

The amount of Registered and Enrolled tonnage at different periods in the port of Portland,
has been as follows. I have added the licensed, being that which was employed in the fishery,
for some years.

Registered Registered Registered

Fear. and Enrolled. "ear. and Enrolled. Year. and Enrolled.
1794 13,999, 1£03 33,106, 1822 33,596,
1795 13,297, 1809 29,432, 1823 35,224,
1796 17,837, 1810 27,956, 1824 39,876,
197 18,023, 1311 31,445, 1825 43,798,
1798 18,602, 1812 35,512, 1826 47,340,

799 19,756, 1813 29,409, 1827 49,555,
1809 21,474, 1844 26,531, 1828 49,906,
1801 27,709, 1815 31,863, 1829 51,111,*
1802 21,601, 1816 29,329, 1830 43,07],
1803 24,046, 1817 27,418, 1821 42,591,
1804 27,011, 1818 26,549, 1849 79,333,
1805 31,644, 1819 30,121, 1860 81,389,
1806 36,543, 1820 32,066, 1864 99,506,¢
1807 39,009, 1821 31,681,

Licensed. 1806, 3,458. 1820, 2.005. 1821, 1,825. 1824, 2,903. 1825, 4,U88. 1826, 4,640.
1827, 3,870.

 

*This included sixteen ships, eight barks, one hundred and seven brigs; in 1832 they had
increased to twenty-eight ships, one hundred and two brigs, two hundred and fifteen schooners»
thirty-three sloops, and three steamboats. In January, 1863, the number of ships was

forty-six, barks fifty-three, brigs thirty-eight, schooners one hundred and sixl-y-one, sloops five
steamers twelve. ; ,

tI have omitted the fractional parts of the tonnage, which minutely affects the total.
APPENDIX. 90T

Amount of duties received at the custom house in Portland, on merchandise imported into
that port.

  

1799 $ 8,109, 1810 112,084, 1823 332,662,
1801 204,333, 1811 173,249, 1830 260,103,
1802 157,290, 1s12 227 365, 1888 240,677,
1803 161,295, 1813 196,607, 1859 284,411,
1804 220,759, 1si4 163,055, 1860 255,277,
1805 290,229, 1815 115,676, 1861 199,240,
1806 B46 444, 1816 173,701, 1862 593,657,
1807 267,555, 1s20 139,446, 1863 637,045,
1808 41,369, 2 179,336, 1864 $42,481,
1809 60,309, 1826 258,869,

The receipts of 1864 is the largest amount ever collected in any year at this port.

A table showing tonnage of vessels built in each District of Maine in 1863, and the amount
of the tonnage of Maine soll to foreigners or captured by the rebels during the war.

  
  
 
  
 
 

 

 

 

Sold Captured
Districts. Buiit. Foreign. by Rebels.
Portland, . s+ 7,907 89 10,320 80 3,098 987
Bath,..... . 19,476 92 23,043 97 11,455 00
Machias, «+. 8,303 26 3,261 89 1,309 114
Bangor,.. «4,782 00 4,960 00 1,874 00
Passamaquoddy, - 4,565 57 5,920 61 180 47
Waldoboro’ 12,668 07 1,024 00
wa. 112 00 4,403 00 1,219 00
Kennebun - 4,348 78 3,836 33
Wiscasset,.... 1.285 50 2,620 53
Ellsworth, . T21 62 793 54 468 24
- 5,639 85 4,820 14

 

Total Tonnage... 69,699 51 63,880 81 21,508 80

 

 

* Including 575 67 tons bought by government for stove fleet sunk iu Charleston harbor.

The number of tons of new vessels built in this District in 1820 was two thousand three
hundred and seventy-eighkt; 1821, two thousand three hundred and sixty-six; 1522, two thou-
sand seven hundred and eighty-seven ; 1823, three thousand seven hundred and eleven; 1824,
six thousand and serenty-six ; 1825, eight thousand six hundred and eleven ; 1826, six thousand
one hundred and eighty-nine; 1827, seven thousand five hundred and eighty-one; 1828, five
thousand five hundred and seventy-six; 1848, twelve thousand two hundred and fifty-two, in
forty-five vessels; 1850, twelve thousand four hundred and forty-nine, in twenty-seven vessels ;
1860, five thousand three hundred and eight, in seventeen vessels ; 1862, seven thousand five
hundred and nineteen, in seventeen vessels; 1863, seven thousand nine hundred and eight, in

- nine barks, five brigs, six schooners, one sloop, and four steamers.

The principal exports from this port to foreign ports in 1826, were specie two thousand three
hundred and sixty-one dollars; eighteen thousand seven hundred and ninety quintals of dried
fish; six thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine bbls. pickled shy twenty-five thousand,
and four Ibs. sperm candles; two thousand four hundied and ten M shingles; thirty-two million
two hundred and twelve thousand six hundred and seventy-six feet of boards; three hundred
and three barrels tar, pitch, etc.; two thousand four hundred and eighty-one barrels of beef;
sixteen thousand six hundred and sixty pounds of butter; three thousand five hundred and
twenty-five pounds of cheese; one thousand nine hundred and fifty-five pounds of bacon; sev-
enty-four thousand two hundred and eighty pounds of lard; five thousand three hundred and
thirty-three barrels of flour; four thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine bushels of corn;
one thousand five hundred and ninety varrels of bread; four thousand three huadred and
908 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

sixteen bushels of potatoes; two hundred and ninety-three tierces of rice; three hundred and
three hogsheads of tobacco; ninety-four thousand nine hundred and cighty-seven pounds tallow
candles; one hundred and fifty-seven thousand three hundred and seven pounds of soap; four
thousand eight hundred and eighty-four gallons domestic spirits; twenty-five thousand three
hundred and eight pounds of nails; twenty-one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight
pounds of powder; besides household furniture, castings, and other manufactures of iron and
other articles, lumber, raw products, etc., not enumerated, all to the amount of one hundred
thousand dollars, In 1848 the total value of foreign exports was six hundred and twenty-three
thousand two hundred and thirty-nine dollars; in 1849, six hundred and forty-three thousand
five hundred and twenty-nine dollars; in 1863, five million eighteen thousand three hundred
and sixty-five dollars.

The principal imports into this port in 183], were molasses, thirty-six thousand four hundred
and sixty hhds, three hundred and seventy-tierces, one thousand one hundred and twenty-one
barrels ; salt, two hundred and twenty-two thousand three hundred and eighty bushels ; coffee,
two thousand six hundred and thirty-three bags; flour, thirty-eight thousand two hundred and
ninety-nine barrels; corn, forty-five thousand two hundred and fifty bushels. In 1850, sugar,
one million fifty-nine thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine pounds; molasses, three million
eight hundred and twenty-four thousand one hundred and forty-three gallons; flour, one hun-
dred and sixty-nine thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine barrels; corn, two hundred and
twenty-two thousand six hundred and forty-one bushels. In 1851, sugar, two million fifty-seven
thousand six hundred and sixty-three pounds; molasses, six million five hundred and fifty-thre>
thousand two hundred and thirty-three gallons. In 1852, molasses, one hundred and fifty-nine
cargoes, fifty-one thousand two hundred and ninety-two hogsheads, four thousand three hun-
dred and five tierces and barrels; sugar, two million four hundred and thirty-cight thousand
six hundred and nineteen pounds; flour, one hundred and sixty-six thousand three hundred
and forty barrels; corn, two hundred and forty-three thousand four hundred and two bushels.

The value of imports in 1849 was four hundred and ninety-eight thousand three hundred and
forty-six dollars In 1863 it was three million five hundred and fifteen thousand three hun-
dred and fifty-three dollars. Foreign arrivals in 1848, three hundred and fifteen; in 1863, five
hundred and fifty-three. In 1863, there came to the city over the Grand Trunk railway from
the Western States and Canada five hundred and twenty-three thousand barrels of flour; of
which ninety-three thousand and fifteen were exported to foreign countries, and two hundred
and sixty thousand three hundred barrels to domestic ports. The principal exports in i863
were ashes, butter, meats, lumber of various kinds, molasses hhds, flour, hams, fish, salt, sugar
box shooks, starch, soap, tallow. Of the single article of sugar made from molasses in the
sugar establishment of J. B. Brown & Sons, the aggregate sales, mostly exported, were thir-
teen million six hundred and eleven thousand eight hundred and fifty-five pounds.

No. XXII.

PETITION FOR THE INCORPORATION OF PORTLAND.

To the Hon. Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in
General Court assembled.

The petition of the subscribers, inhabitants of that part of the town of Falmouth, in the
county of Cumberland, commonly called the Neck, humbly shews, that in their present situa-
tion, they are destitute of many advantages which the inhabitants of maritime towns receive,
and which as such they might enjoy, if they were incorporated into a distinct town.
APPENDIX. 909

In their present stato they suffer much for want of some regular method of employing and
supporting the poor, who are principally resident in this part of the town; and of repairing
and regulating their streets; the establishment of proper order and by-laws, for conducting
their internal police, such especially as more immediately relate to sca-port towns; some per-
manent and effectual provision for the support of schools, so necessary to the happiness of
individuals and the well-being of society; and of power to raise money for these and other
purposes; particularly incident to our compact situation.

They therefore pray, that your honours would pass an act, whereby they and all who live
within the following bounds, viz., to begin at the middle of the creck that runs into Round
Marsh, thence north-east to Back Cove creck; thence down the middle of that creek to Back
Cove; thence across said cove to Sandy Point; thence round by Casco Bay to the Fore river;
thence up said river to the first bounds, as well as the islands in said town, may, together with
their estates, be incorporated into a separate and distinct town; and that by said act your
honors would be pleased to constitute us the shire town of the county, and indulge us with all
the privileges incident thereto, and your petitioners as iu duty bound will ever pray.

Enoch Freeman, Robert Boyd, Jos. H. Ingrahain,

Samuel Freeman,
Richard Codman,
Dudley Cammett,
Paul Cammett,

Eno-h Freeman, Jr.,

Enoch Isley,
Timothy Pike,
Jona. Morse,
Win. Wiswall,
Jona. Paine,
John Thrasher,
Wm. Jenks,
Joseph Silvester,
Joshua Rogers,
J. Hobby,
Joseph Noyes,
Moses Noyes,
Wm. Hobby,
Benj. Waite, Jr.,
Hugh McLellan,

W. Vaughan,
John Mussey,
Moses Brazier,
Enoch Brazier,
Lemuel Weeks,
James Gooding,
Stephen Tukey,
Jeremiah Torrey,
Elijah Littlefield,
Joseph McLellan,
Enoch Moody,
Nath’l Moody,
Daniel Davis,
Stephen Colman,
Arthur McLellan,
Nath’] Deering,
John Stephenson,
Thos. Rebinson,
Benj. Titcomb,
Eben’r Preble,

Wm. Frost,

Thos. B. Wait,

Thos. Sandford,

Thos. Reed,

James Fosdick,

James Jewett,

Stephen Hall,

Eben’r Davis,

Woodbury Storer,

Nath’l Atkins,

John Nichols,

Stephen Harding,

John Burnham,

John Archer,

Samuel Freeman, Richard Cod-
man and Timothy Pike, in
the name and behalf of the
first Parish in Falmouth,
agreeably to their vote passed
23d Jan. 1785.

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.

In the House of Representatives, March 4, 1786. On the petition of Enoch Freeman and
other inhabitants of that part of the town of Falmouth, in the county of Cumberland, called
the Neck, praying to be incorporated into a separate town, for reasons set forth in their peti-

tion.

Ordered, That the petitioners notify the town of Falmouth, by leaving an attested copy of
the petition and this order with the clerk of said town, thirty days at least, before the third
Wednesday of the next session of the General Court, that they may show cause on said day, if
any they have, why the prayer thereof should not be granted.
910 HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Letter from Josiah Thatcher, Senator from Cumberland, enclosing the above to John Frothtng-
ham, Esq., Town Clerk.

Simr,—The court had passed the order of notification enclosed before the vote of the town
came to hand. Endeavors were used at both ends of the house to have the order reconsidered
and the Neck incorporated; but it was answered in the Senate, that the state of the town
might be greatly altered since that vote passad—so the matter must rest till May next.

The vote of the town above referred to is probably the one passed May 26, 1783, assentIng to
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INDEX.

Abilie, Henry, 117
Abyssinian Society, 680
Academy, TAL
Academy, preceptors and students, 742,743
Acadie, its extent, 12
Acadie, origin and meaning of the name, 11
Action, Cleeves v Winter, 865
Adams, Abraham, 54, 96, 112
Adams, Isaac, 599, 785
Adams, Jacob, 785
Adams, John, 622
Adams, Jona., 289
Adams, Joshua, 801
Address to Gov. Hutchinson, 499
Address to the people of Ireland, 904
Advent, Church of the, 680
Agamenticus, 30, 31, 64, 78, 104
Agnes, ship, 40
Agreement between old and new prop’rs, 335
Aid to Falmouth by Proy. Congress, 523
Alarm in Falmouth, 508
Alarm of French Invasion, 416
Albee, Obadiah, 425
Aldsworth, Alderman Robert, 20, 64
Alexander, Sir Wm., 18, 51, 63, 65
Alger, Andrew, 240
Allen, Rev. Benjamin, 382
Allen, Bozoun, 254
Allen, Dr. Ebenezer, 788
Allen, Edward, 111, 225
Allen, Hope, 110, 138, 225
Alliset, John’s deposition, 47

Ammoncongan, 102, 163, 113,187, 239, 241, 242

Amusements,
Andrews, Elisha,
Andrew’s Island,

782
289
133

Andrews, James, 53, 112, 128, 141, 201, 289

Andrews, Jane, 53
Andrews, Rebecca, 112
Andrews, Samuel, 53, 96
Andrews, Capt. Sam’], 85
Androscoggin river, 24
Andros, Sir Edmund, 183, 214, 258
Annapolis, 10
Annapolis, (Port Royal), 316
Appendix, 865
Applications for relief, 523
Aquavite, 55
Archdale, John, 157
Archer, John, 528
Argall, Capt., 11
Argus, Eastern, 600
Armstrong, John, 326, 382, 788
Armstrong, Simon, 326, 788
Armstrcng, Thomas, 326, 788
Arrowsic Island, 208
Artists, 753
Associates, 147, 148, 158, 181
Atheneum, 748
Atlantic & St. Lawrence R. R., 598
Attornies in Maine, 622, 627
Attornies in Portland, 634
Atwell, Benj., 128, 192, 203
Atwell, Joseph, 192
Atwell, or Hatwell, widow, 49, 98, 105
Aucocisco, 15, 102
912

Aulger, Alger Arthur, 75, 155, 181, 193, 197, 279

Authors and writers, 751
Award, Cleeves v Winter, 58
Bachillor, Rey. Stephen, 881

Back Cove, 59, 98, 101, 104, 105, 106, 189, 200,
[489, 583, 596

Bacon, Bishop David W., TOL
Bagaduce Expedition, 533
Bagaduce Point and trading house, 23
Bagley, John, 630
Bagnall, Walter, 25, 35, 64
Bailey, Edward, 298
Bailey, Jacob’s letter, 517
Bailey, Jonas, 83
Bailey, Mr., : 432
Baker, John, 555
Baker, John Kelse, 598
Baker, Nicholas, 193
Baley, John, 55
Ballard, Edward, 43

27,183, 581
129, 134, 790

Bangs’ Island,
Bangs, Joshua,

Banks and Banking, 570
Baptisms, 358
Baptists, 686
Baptist Free St. Society, 690
Barberry Creek, 448
Barbour, John, 321, 788
Bar customs, 617, 626
Barger, Philip, 261
Barnard, Joseph, 585
Bar rules, 620
Bartlett, Nicholas, 100, 111, 232
Bartlett, George, death, 193
Batchelder, Stephen, 58
Battle at Falmouth, 276
Bayley, Robert, 365
Bean, Joseph, 819, 321, 348, 788
Beauchamp & Leverett, patent to, 29
Beaver, trade in, 55
Beckwith, Rev. George C., 670
Beecher, Rev. Luther F., 690
Beeman, Rev. Nathan S., 664
Bells, 391
Benevolent Societies, 753
Berry, Capt., 431
Bethel Church, 679
Biard & Masse, 10
Biard, Missionary, 272
Biddeford, 28
Biencourt, 10
Biographical Notices, 289, 787
Bird, Thomas, 626
Bisbe, Rev. John, 696

Black Point, 31, 24, 60, 61, G4, 81

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Black Point, inhabitants, 210
Black Point garrison, 210, 213
Black Will, — QT
Blaney, John, 24
Bliss, Porter, 44
Blood, Rev. Caleb, 688
Blue Point, 81
Blythe, Capt. Samuel, 789
Boaden, Ambrose, 193, 198
Board of Trade, 73.

Bode, Henry, 75
Bolles, Rev. Edwin C., 697
Bomazeen, Indian, 271
Bonighton, Ellinor, 174

Bonighton, John, 48, 68, 89, 127, 169, 174, 197
Bonighton, Richard, 28, 57, 63, 68, 72, 78

Booth, Robert, 83
Boston, dimensions and population, 584
Boston Port Bill, 499
Bosworth, Rev. George W., 601
Bounty to soldiers, 530
Boutineau, Stephen, 260
Boundary line run, 186
Bowdoin, Gov. letter, 902
Bowdoin, Peter, 232, 260, 291
Boyd, Joseph C., 557, 790
Boyd, Robert, 557, 790, 795

Brackett, Anthony, 101, 106, 111, 138, 141, 156,
[159, 169, 172, 176, 181, 468

Brackett, Anthony, farm laid out, 187, 202,
(208, 214, 219, 225, 251, 268, 280, 290
Brackett, Anthony, marriage contract, 219
Brackett, Joshua, 133, 214, 468, 513
Brackett, Seth, 286, 290
Brackett, Thomas, 111, 138, 141
Brackett, Thomas, children, 214, 290, 244

Brackett, Thomas, killed, 204
Brackett, Zachariah, 320, 788
Bradbury, Charles, 799
Bradbury, Rowland and family, 828

Bradbury, Theophilus, 372, 463, 619, 623, 782
Bradford’s History of Plymouth, 23, note
Bradford, Wm. and asso., grant to 63
Bradish, Major David, 513, 792
Bradshaw, Richard, 32, 64
Bramhall, George, 111, 225, 280

Bramhall, George, and family, 290
Bramhall, Geo., papers, 887
Bramhall, Joseph, 292
Bramhall, Joshua, 292
Bramhall’s hill, elevation, 583
Brandy, trade in, 55
Bray, Richard, 98, 169, 172
Breakwater, 569
Breeme, Jchn, 135
INDEX. 913

Bretton, Le, 260, 261 Chadbourne, Humphrey, 164
Brick buildings, 651, 503 Chaises, 590
Bridges, 4h, 443, 726 Champernoon, Francis, 67, 72, 164, 161, 214
Broad, Ephraim, 466 Champlin, Roy. James T, 690
Broadridge, Richard, 233 Channing Circle, 674
Broad street, 227 Chapel, Congregational Society, 664
Brown, Arthur, 57, 58, 68 Charitable Societies, 753
Brown, John B., 731 Charter of 1620, 16, 62
Browne, John, 20 Charter to Du Mont, 9
Browne, Rev. Thomas, 402 Charter to Gorges 1639, its powers, otc., 70
Brunswick’ Convention, 718 Charter to Massachusetts, 25
Buildings erected, 548, 551 Charter to Mass. annulled, 257
Bulgar, Richard, 104 Charter to Sir Wm. Alexander, 18
Burdett, George, 73 Charters to South and North Virginia 1606, 12
Burr, Rey. C. C., 696 Chase, Salmon, 629
Butler, John, 699, 778, 792 Chebeag Islands, 129
Burroughs. Rev. George, 200, 204, 206, 232, 246 Chickering, Rev. John W., 670, 678
Burroughs, Rev. George, character, death and Child, Dr. Robert, 78, 79
{family, 248, 260, 307 Child, Thomas, 461, 792

Burrows, Capt. Wm., ~T59 Children and servants, unruly, 170
Bush, John, 81 Chipman, John, 621
Butler, John, 464, 467, 555 Christians, 691
Button, Wavaad, (Indian), 113 Christian Chapel, 693, 695
Butts, Samuel, 563 Chubb, Serjeant, 347
Chub Lane, 476

Cad, Mr., 111 Church, Col. Benjamin, 276, 287, 316
Callicet, Richard, 146 Church in Falmouth, admissions, 396
Cammett, Paul, and family, 793 Church of the First Parish formed, 363
Cammock, Thomas, grant, 31, 32, 64, 68 City Debt, 763
Canada Expedition, 1758 433 City Government, 764
Cape Elizabeth, 30, 32, 36, 50 City Hall, 610
Cape Porpus, 86 Civil affairs of the revolution, 541
Capisic, 49, 96, 101, 102, 188, 198, 200, 239, Clapboard Islands, 95, 186
(448, 451 Clay Cove, 100

Capital trials, 635 Clark’s Point, 99, 138
Card, Francis, killed, 208 Clark, Jonas, 85, 186, 550, 555
Calef, Joseph, 312 Clarke, Thaddeus, 108, 139, 141, 232, 283, 292,
Carpenter, Rev. Hugh S., 671 * (879
Cartwright, Col. George, 157, 165, 166 Clark, Dr. Eliphalet, 684
Carr, Sir Robert 157 Clark, Rev. Ephraim, 286
Carruthers, Rev. John J, 663 Clark, Thomas, 189
Casco, 15, 49, 96 Clarke, Elizabeth, 134, 178
Casco, its definition, 581 Cleeves'’s Courts, 82
Cageo, inhabitants, petition to the king, 162 Cleeves, Elizabeth, 50
Casco Iron Co., 733 Cleeves, George, 30, 43, 68, 74, 81, 83, 86, 89, 90,
Casko mill, 104 (98, 99, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 114, 124, 126,
Casco river. 30, 32, 101, 114, 116 (143, 147, 171
Casco tribe, 102 Cleeves, George, death, etc, 176, 873, 881, 876
Castin, Baron de, 23, 271 Cleeves, George, and wife, signatures, 108, 109
Castine Expedition, 533 Cleeves, George, to Hope, Allen, 110
Castine Gazette, 600 Cleeves, George, petition to Gen. Court, 117
Cemeteries, 758 Cleeves, George, bill of complaint v Jordan, 118
Central Congregational Church, 675 Cleeves; George, answer to complaint of in-
Center Street, 474 habitants, 128
Cerberus, frigate, 525 Cleeves, G., to Walter Merry, 130

°
o14

Cleeves, Joan, 100
Cleeves’ letter to Mass., 151
Cleeves’ Neck, 43

Cleeves & Tucker, 32, 36, 8S, 47, 48, 50, 54
Clements, Richard, surveyor, 259, 263
Clerks of Court, 613

Cloice, John, 128, 139
Cloice, John, his family, 140, 173, 244
Cloice, Nathaniel, 173, 244
Cloice, Thomas, 173, 189, 286, 292
Clough, Reuben, 520
Coasting Trade, 450
Cobb, Ebenezer, 320
Cobb, Jonathan, 320, 340
Cobb, Joseph, 320
Cobb, Samuel, 320, 340 453
Cobham, Mary, Nabby, Sally, etc., 794
Codman, Capt. Richard, 796
Codman, Capt. James, 796

Codman, Deacon Richard, 464, 467

Codman, Deacon Richard, and family, 785 -

Codman, Rev. John, 652
Codman, Stephen, 550, 555
Coe, Matthew, 106, 137, 196
Coffin, Dr. Nathaniel, 377, 506, 796
Coffin, Dr. Nathaniel, Jr., 377, 796
Coffin, Dr. Nathaniel, Jr., and family, 797

voins, old, at Richmond’s Island, 26
Colby, Rey. L., 691
Collectors, 459, 463
Collection of the Customs, 458
Collings, Christopher, 171
Collier, R., 32L
Combination, 69, $2, 85
Commercial Embarrassments, 573
Commerce, 452, 455
Commerce at Richmond's Island, 39, 40, 55
Commission and Ordinances of Gorges, 57
Commission to Cleeves from Rigby, 75
Commission to Cleeves from Gorges, 50

Commissioners of Falmouth and Scarboro’,
90, 143, 148, 181, 184, 251

Commissioners of the king, 157, 165
Commissioners of the king, their repert, pro-
cecdings, &e., 168, 179
Commissioners of Massachusetts, $9, 160, 179

Conant’s Mill, 451
Conclusion, 785
Condit, Rev. John B., 663
Conference, Methodist, 684
Conflict between Cleeves and Vines, 75
Congress of U. S., members of, 602
Congress Street, 472
Conservative men, 499
Constitution of Maine adopted, 723

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Constitution U. 8., adoption, 601
Controversy between Cleeves and Jordan, 116,

(118
Contributions for the Minister, 361
Constitution of the State, 519

Controversy, Cleeves & Tucker with Winter,
(87, 44, 51, 54, 57, 116

Convention in Falmouth, 501
Conventions on separation, 707, 709, 713, 718,
(722

Converse, Rev. Josiah, 688
Cooper, Thomas, 113
Corn, and Corn mills, 450
Corbin, Robert, 89, 98, 105, 107, 115, 128, 154,
[169, 181, 184, 192

Corbin, Robert, killed, 208
Corney, Elisha, Fe 241
Corney, John, 292
Cotton, Deacon William, and family, G97
Cotton, John, 156
Coulson, Thomas, 506
County of Canada, 18

County Magistrates, 91, 143, 251
Council of Plymouth, 16, 18, 25, 27, 62
Council of Plymouth, surrender of charter, 65

Courier, Daily, 600
Courts and Court Houses, 608
Court at Casco, 169
Court, Inferior, and Judges, 612
Court of Associates, 146, 154
Court of Gorges, 37, 57, 67, 78, 78, 168, 179
Court of King’s Commissioners, 179
Court of Massachusetts in York, 143, 154, 159,

[iso
Court of Sessions, 251
Court proceedings, 68, 73, 143, 151, 168
Court practice and customs, 614, 617
Court, Superior, and Judges, 615, 617

Court Street, 473

Court, Superior, 481, 515
Courts in Maine, 172, 251
Cousins’ Island, 79, 134
Cousins, John, 69, 83, 98
Cousins’ river, 98
Cow, price, 213
Cox, Rey. Henry, 684
Cox, John, and family, 422
Cox, Joseph, 432
Crabtree, William, 798
Cromwell, Joshua, 340
Cross, Stephen, 297
Crown, Ienry, 192
Cucking stools for scolds, 169
Cunnateconnett, (Indian), 113

Cumberland and Oxford Canal, 724
INDEX.

Cumming, Thomas, 464, 555, 799

Currency, 367, 369, 426, 444, 417, 531
Cushing, Charles, 618
Cushing, Ezekiel, 184, 387, 426, 457
Cushing, Ezekiel, and family, 800
Cushing, Rowland, 618
Cushnoe, 429
Cutler, Rev. Rufus P., 672
Cutts, Richard, 161
Cushing, Wm., 618
Damariscove, OE
Dancing, 782
Danforth’s deed to trustees of Falmouth, 886
Danforth, Thomas, Pres. of Muine, 224
Daveuport, Ebenezer, 289, 292
Davenport, Thomas, 289
Davis, Capt. Ebenezer, 552
David, Joseph, 235
Davis, Daniel, 320, 624, 627, 711
Davis, Jacob, 293

Davis, Silvanus, 21, 131, 208, 226, 231, 234, 258,

[263, 264, 266, 268, 284, 293
Davis, Lawrence, 139, 155, 190, 293
Davis, Isaac, 190, 293
Day, George and Elizabeth, 828
Deane, Dr.’s letter on Mowatt’s attack, 898
Deane, Rev. Samuel, 399, 402, 639, 644, 651

Deane, Rev. Samuel, death, 655
Deane, Charles, 33, note 876
Deaths, 141, 148, 191, 771

Death of early settlers, 239—248
Deblois, Stephen, 556, 791, 795
Debt of town and city, 763
Deed, Gorges to Cleeves & Tucker, 45, 49
Deed of Falmouth by Thos. Danforth to

trustees, 333
Deering, James, 563, 800
Deering, John, . 802
Deering, Nathaniel, 465, 555, 582
Deering, Nathaniel, family, 809
Deering, Roger and wife, 347

Defensive preparations, 514, 525
Delegates to Convention U.S. Constitut’n, 602
Delegates to Separation Conventions, 707,

(718, 719, 722

Destruction of Falmouth, 1775, 519
Depreciation of the currency, 445, 531, 543
Deputies to General Court, 147
Dinsmore, David, 515
Diseases, epidemic, TST
District Court of U.&., 636
Dominic, St., Church of, 700
Donnell, Henry, 132, 293
Doughty, James, B21

Drake, Abraham, pa)

915
Drake, Susannah, 220
Dress and Clothing, 776
Drew, Joseph's trial, 633
Drinking Customs, 781
Dumaresque, Edward, 261
Dummer, Richard, 29
Dummer, Lt. Gov., SAT
Du Mont, his charter and colony, 9
Durham, Humphrey, 105, 125
Durham, Humphrey, killed, 203
Duties, 458, 463, 479, 484, 490
Dwelling houses, 521
Dwight, Rey. Wm. T., 667
Dy, John, and others, patent, 29, CL
Eastern Claims, 181
East, John, 802
Ecclesiastical affairs, 356, 382, 659
Edgar, Mr., 555
Education, 365-376

Educated men,
Elbridge, Giles and Thomas,

376-743, 751
20, 21, 64, 122

Elevator, 738
Elliott, Vines, TY
Elliott, Robert, 139
Elkins, Thomas, 72
Emery, Noah, 616
Endicott, John, 25, 97, 110
Engines, statiunary steam, 739
English, James, 235
Entries of Actions in Court, 613
Epes, Daniel, 803
Episcopal Church in Falmouth, 36, 42, 398,

(399-402, 640
Epidemics, 75T
Episcopacy in Falmouth, 145, 146, 399
Erving, Dr. Shirley and family, 557, 803
Essex Strect, 476
Exchange Street, 470, 471, 473
Excise Tax, 463
Expense of war of 1725, 303
Exports from Falmouth, 1639, 14
Extinct names, 864
Fac-simile of Anthony Brackett, 268
Fac-simile of Abraham Shurt, 21
Fac-simile of Cleeves and others, 109, 110, 880
Fac-simile of Edward Rishworth, 111
Fac-simile of G. Munjoy, 109, 110
Fac-simile of George Bramhall, 291
Fac-simile of Henry Watts, 145
Fac-simile of Henry Jocelyn, 183
Fac-simile of John West, 259
Fac-simile of John Winter, 41
Fac-simile of John Tolman, BOL
Fac-simile of Peter Bowdoin, 291
916

Fac-simile of Richard Vines, 880
Fac-simile of Richard Tucker, 111
Fac-simile of R. Jordan, 126, 217
Fac-simile of Robert Howard, 111
Fac-simile of Rey. Thos, Jenner, 880
Fac-simile of Sir F. Gorges, 880
Fac-simile of Sir E, Andros, 259
Fac-simile of Silvanus Davis, 268
Fac-simile of 8. Waldo, 355
Fac-simile of Thos. Gorges, 880
Fac-simile of Thos. Elbridge, 21
Fac-simile of Thos. Westbrook, 855
Fac-simile of Walter Neale, 37
Fabre and Dunn, 556
Failures, 575
Falmouth, 25, 49, 185
Falmouth, described, 187
Falmouth, first occupation, 26, 35, 38, 43
Falmouth presented, 184, 188
Falmouth destroyed by Indians, 76, 196,

[210, 284, 287
Falmouth destroyed by Mowatt, 1775, 519

Falmouth losses, 900
Falmouth sufferers by **owatt, 900
Falmouth Selectmen, 1680, 229, 235
Falmouth resettled 1678, 22, 809, 320, 338
Falmonth grants, 235, 328-392
Falmouth Inhabitants, 1680-1690, 308, 307
Falmouth incorporated, 323
Falmouth divided, 580
Falmouth organized, 326

Falmouth, proprietors and propriety, 333-337

Falmouth deed to Trustees, 255,477
Falmouth, boundaries and name, 95, 323
Falmouth’s contributions to the war, 539
Falmouth soldiers killed, 421, 422
Fallbrook, 104, 451
Families in Falmouth, 3873
Famine, 450
Farmer, John, 210
Farnham, Daniel, 621

Ad, 103, 113, 128, 139, 140, 172,
(181, 209, 216

Felt, George,

Felt, Joseph B , 210
Felt, Muses, 140
Ferry, 342
Fessenden, Samuel, 633,
Fessenden, Wm. P., 604
Viddle street, 476

First Parish, 363, 38%, 388, 392, 402, 639, 644
First Parish mecting-house, 288, 328, 353, 654,

[656
First Parish, ordination of Mr. Smith, 363
First Parish, ordination of Dr. Deane, 402
Virst Parish, ordination of Dr. Nichols, 683

Virst Parish singees, 404

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

First Parish hymn books, 654
First Parish, Scriptures first read, 404
First Parish, several bells, 654
First Parish, new church, 656
Fish street, ° 473
Fisheries, 547
Fisheries on tho coast, 14, 15, 16, 19, 39
Fitzpen, or Phippen, 97
Fleet, John, 460
Fleet Street, 231, 477
Flip and punch, 781
Fort at New Casco, 313
Fort, foot of India street, 412, 431
Fort Island, 154
Fort St. George, 13

Fort Loyall, 226, 249, 254, 283
Fort Pownal, 434
Fort Sumner, 676, 606
Fort Point, 47

Forts Halifax and Western, 429
Fore street, 473

Forts on Neck, 527, 535

Forts Preble, Scammell, and Gorges, 607

Fosdick, James, 555
Fosdick, Nathaniel F., 462

Fox, Jabez, 878, 459, 470, 804
Fox, John, 471, 582
Fox, John, and family, 804
Foxwell, Richard, 47, 127, 159, 181

Franklin street, 476

Freeman, Deacon Thomas, 809
Freeman, Joshua, 782

Freeman, Joshua and family, 808

Freeman, Enoch, 459, 619
Freeman Enoch, and family, 805
Freeman, Samuel, 307, 374, 541, 584, 613, 746
Freeman, Rev. A. N., 680
Freemen of Falmouth, 185

Freewill Baptists, 691

Freeze, James, 280, 294

Freeze, Jacob, Jonathan, George, Joseph, 294

Free street, 475, 552
Free Street Baptist Society, 690
French, Rey. Charles D., 700
French claims, 573
French mania, 605
French claims and policy, 427
Frost, Charles and family, 809
Frost, Nicholas, 72
Frothingham, John, 375, 377, 625
Frothingham, Rev. Frederick, 72
Frye, Gen. Joseph, 526
Fryer, Nathaniel, 211, 214, 264
fnllerton, Wm. and family, 801

Fur trade, 19, 39
INDEX. 917
Galt, A. T., Ts Creat Bay, sk
Gammon, Philip, 204 trecley, Philip, killed, 415
Garde, Roger, 72: recle’s Lane, 476, 609
Gardiner, John, 627 Crecuwood, John, 467, 551
Garland, George, ja QGreoele’s tavern, 501, 609, 783

Garrisons in Falmouth. 347, 412, 418
Garrisons in Maine, 274, 280, 282
Gas Company, 739
Gedney, Bartholomew, 226, 254
General Assembly in Maiue, first, 57, 225
General Assembly of Ligonia, 82, 83
Gendall, Walter, 131, 139, 169, 184, 211, 235,
(250, 254, 275

 

 

 

George, Daniel, 598
Gibson, Rev. Richard, 36, 42
Gibbs, Wm., : 1st
Gibbons, James, 12
Gilbert, Capt. Rawley, 13
Gilman, Moses, #21
Godfrey, Edward, 30, 38, 57, 58, 64, 68, 72, 167
Godfrey, Edward’s, government, 85
Gorgse, Capt. Robert, 1s
Gorges, charter of, 1639, 70
Gorges’ Conrt, - 38
Gorges descent and family, 93

Gorges, Ferdinando, 31, 66
Gorges, Sir F.. lease to Cleeves & Tucker, 5,

(875
Gorges, Sir F., 14, 19, 31, 64, 66, 74, 80, 92
Gorges, Sir F., letter to Gov. Winthrop, 876

Gorges, Sir F., signature, 880
Gorges, William, 67, 68
Gorgiana, 31, 78, 86
Gorges, Thomas, 38, 57, 73, 78, 115
Gorham, 414
Gosnold, 9
Government, Civil, 68, 70, 73
Government of Maine by Mass , 224
Goodyeare, Moses, 30, 32
Goodyeare, Moses, grant tu

36, 40, 64

 

Gooding, James,

Goodwin, John,

Gookin, Simon and Samuel, 810
Gould, Moses, 583
Graffam, Caleb, 588
Graham, Rev.:Daniel M., 695
Grand Turk, lost, 556
Grants by Cleeves and Tucker, 111
Grant to Gorges and Mason, 14, 33, 62
Grant, Joshua, killed, 205
Grants of Plymouth Co., 64-67

 

Grants by?Pres. Danforth,
Grants to new settlers,
{irantees names,

Graves, John,

 

Greasun. Robert,

Greenleaf, Simon, 633
(irecnly, or Greensledge, Thomas, 96, 115, 171

(ridley, Jeremiah, 622, 628
Grist mills, 450
Grove street, Si7
(iuercheville, Mad., 10
Gutch, Robert, 172
(Wustin, John, 228, 294, 22
Quy, John, 139, 252
ty¥les, Win, 326
Hadley, Rey. Wm. IL., 674
Haines, Robert, 275, 288, Que
Hainea, Thomas, 98, 115
Hale, David. 793, 754
Hall, Capt. 278
Hall, Ebenezer, 321, 221
Hall, Daniel, 813
Hall, Hate-Evil, and timily, 813
Hall, Marti, 674, 81]
Hall, Stephen, 582, 708,711, TOS
Hall, Stephen, family, 810
Hallom, Hannzh, 138
Hamans, 75
Hampshire street, 476
Hanson, Eliza, 678
Harbor of Portland, deseription, 566, 581
Harbor Cominissioners, 566
Hartshorn, Rev V. J., BS)
Harwood, Henry, 200, 254
Haskell, Thomas, 854
Harvey, Elizabeth, death, her children, 244
Hawkins, Sir Richard’s voyage, 16
Haywood, Samuel, 810
Hayden, Rev. Wm. B., 699, 863
Hercules, ship, ; 40
Hewes, Rev. J. T., 672
Highways, 149
High Strect Church, 669
Higuers, Indian, 272
Hill, John, 298
Hilliard, Timothy, 641
Hilton, Edward and William, 19
Hodge, Michae}, 48, 112
Hodge, Nicholas, 48, 366
Hodsdon, Joseph, 236 297
tog Island, 26, 50, 108, 1
Holbrook, Richard and Benjamin, AA
Tolman, Thomas, 209
Hollman, John, LO"
fiolt, Moses, 371, 798
918

Holyoke, Elizur, 336
Home manufactures, 485
Hooke, Francis, 161, 166, 169
Hooke, William, 30, 57-72
Hopegood, Indian, 272
Ilopkins, Thomas, 550, 555
Hopkins, James D., 630
Hornby, James, 240
Tforton, Rufus and wife, 409
Horse Railroad, 749
Tfotel, 468
House Island, 26, 135, 209, 239
Houses not burnt in the fire, 1775, 897
Houses on Neck, 467
Housing, Peter, 140, 173 174
Toward, Robert, signature, 111
Howe, Lord, 433
Tlowell, Morgan, 83, 169
Ilunnewell’s Point, 13
Ifunnewell, Zerubabel, 361
Hunnewell, John, 347
TLussey, Samuel F., 4106, 575
Hutchinson, Gov., 488, 494
Tutchinson’s Adresses, 515
Ilsley, Capt. Isaac, 418, 425, 813
Ilsley Daniel, 603, 813
Usley, Daniel, and family, 814
Isley. Enoch, 801, 813
Usley, Enoch, family, 813
Isley, Jonathan, 814
Immaculate Conception, church of, 701
Immigration, 259, 324
Immigration, Scotch Irish, 712
Importers, 557
Incorporation of towns, 441, 889
India street, 472
Indian Corn, price, 213
Inferior Court and Judges, 612
Indian Conferance at Falmouth, 1754, 428
Indiar. depredations, 347, 414, 418, 430
Indian emigration to Canada, 311
Indian deed to F. Small, 102
Indian deed to George Munjoy, 885
Indianzhostilities, 1750, 425
Indian treaties, 310, 318, 344, 413 424
Indian War of 1675, 194
Indian War of 1789, 271
Indian War of 1703, 311
Indian War of 1720, —-——, 343, 346, 414
Indians, sale of liquor to, prohibited 171
Ingersoll, Benjamin, 334, 405, 470
Ingersoll, Daniel, 295
Ingersoll, Elisha, 310 ©

96, 97, 105, 125, 181, 1£8,
[201, 226, 295

Ingersoll, George,

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Ingersoll, George, Jr., 188, 201, 237
Ingersoll’s Grants to Mills, 226 227
Ingersoll, John, 189, 156, 226, 237, 295, 340
Ingersoll, Joseph, 139, 188, 226, 233, 295, 296
Ingraham, Joseph H., 466, 550, 699, 778, 841
Ingersoll, Richard, 97
Ingersoll, Samuel, 295, 296
Inhabitants, 39, 60, 87, 89, 125, 128, 139, 164
Inhabitants in 1675, 199,267, 303, 321,

[8388—361, 356
Inhabitants admitted, 331, 356, 890
Inhabitants of Casco Bay, 114, 125, 128, 220
Inhabitants of Casco Bay, pet. to the King, 162
Inhabitants petition to Cromwell, 87
Inhabitants petition toGen. Court, 124,127
Inhabitants petition to Andros, 250
Inhabitants petition to Gov. and Council, 266
Instructions to Representatives, 493
International Steamship Co., 733
Iracoyce Lake, 51

Islands of Casco Bay, 16, 129, 136
Jacob, John, 228, 230
Jail at Casco, 150, 254
Jailat Portland, 611
Jameson, William, 326, 382
Jeals, or Gyles, William, 226
Jenner, Rey. Thomas, 145

Jenner, Rey. Thomas, letters to Goy. Win-

throp, and signature, 879
Jenks, Eleazer A., 599, 880
Jenks, William Jr., 599
Jenkins, Rev. Charles, 667
Jennings, Abraham, 20
Jesuits, Biard and Masse, 10
Jefferds, Francis, 233
Jewell’s Island, 132, 208

Jewell, George, 32
Jewett, Joseph, 468, 551
Jocelyn, Henry, 31, 36, 45, 57, 68, 72, 78, 79,86
90, 116, 142, 147, 151, 153, 159,

161, 169, 180, 182, 204

Jocelyn, John, 34, 60. 142, 157, 161, 180, 882

Jocelyn, Sir Thomas, 57, 72
John, Augustine, 228, 294
Johnson, Edward, 161
Johonnot, Samuel C., 629
Johnson, Rev. Mr., 680
Jones, Capt. Stephen, 421
Jones, Ephraim, and family, 816
Jones, family, 422, 815
Jones, Isaac, 243,
Jones, John, 190, 243
Jones’s Row, 563
Jones’s Lane, ATt
~ Jones, Phineas, 470, 815
INDEX. 919

Jones, Pearson, 794 Latitude and long. of Portland, preface, 583
Jones, Sir William, opinion, 33 Lawrence Cove, 451
Jordan, Capt. Samuel, 413 Lawrence, Robert, 231, 240, 259, 264, 268, 280
Jordan, Clement, 382 (286, 297
Jordan, Dominicus, 126, 131, 216, 218 Lawyers natives of Portland, 630
Jordan, Dominicus, and fam., 296, 812, 320, 333 Lawyers in Portland, 622, 629, 632, 634
Jordan, Jeremiah, 131, 312 Lawyers, 616—633
Jordan, Robert, Jr., 348 Lawyers from other States, 621
Jordan, Robert, 42, 54, 58, 82, $3, 86, 89, 90, 92, Lawyers, 377
14, 116,124, 142,145, 147, — Leader, Richard, 85

154, 156, 159, 161,198, 201 Lease, from Gorges to Cleeves, 875

Jordan, Robert, death, and family, 216 Leavitt, Thomas, 309, 312
Jordan, Robert, petition, 1648, - 867 Lee, Elder Jesse, 681
Jordan, Robert, will, 884 Leighton, John, 169, 172
Jordan Rey. Robert, signature, 126 Leonard, Rev. George, 689
Jordan, Saniuel, i 131 Letter of Gen. Court to inhab’ts of Casco, 224
Jordan, Solomon, 345 Letters of Gorges, Vines, Jenner, and Cleeves,
Jordan, Tristram, 383 to Gov. Winthrop and others, with fac-sim-
Jordan, to M. Mitton, 126 ile signatures, 876, 880
Jordan, to Munjoy, 125 ~ Levitt, Christopher, 18, 26, 35, 133
Jubartes, (whale), lt Leverett, Thomas, and John Beauchamp pa-
Judges of Inferior Court, 612 tent, 23, 63
Judgment, Cleeves y. Winter, 873 Lewis Elinor, 175
Lewis, George, 56, 59,89, 97, 98, 99, 101, 106,

Jurisdiction of Massachusetts, 136 (110, 125, 143, 175, 205 244
Jurymen’s Pay, 149 Lewis, George. death, and family, 244
Jury, 163,172 Lewis, John, 59, 96, 97, 98, 101, 245
Justices of the Peace, 161, 169 Lewis, Jotham, 179
Lewis, Philip, 134, 139, 175 245

Kellogg, Rev. Elijah, 563, 647,659 Lewis, Thomas, 28, 63, 68, 69
Kennebec street, 596 Lexington battle, effect, 507
Kennebeke, 15 Library, 380, 744
Kennebec, patent, 24, 28, 63 Light House, 558, 569
Kent, John, 310 313, 314 Ligonia Province, 29, 43, 64, 74, 77, 81, 86
Kerosene Coinpany, 738 Lincoln, Rey. Thomas 0,, 691
Killed and wounded in Casco battles, 279,295 Lincoln street, 596
Kimball, Thomas, 108,134 Lincoln patent, 29
King Charles’ letter, 1664, 158 Lindall, Timothy, 294
King’s Commissioners, 157, 165 Liquor, price of, 55, 56
King’s Commissioners, proceedings, 168 Lithgow, William, 627
King’s Commissioners, last court, 179 Little, Dr. Timothy, 698
Kittery, 86, 87 Little, Paul, 699, 778
Knight, Ezekiel, 154, 181 Livermore, Samucl, 622
Knight, George, 420 Location of early settlers, 187, 226
Location or geographical position of Port-

Laconia Company, 30, 61 land, preface
Lake, Capt. Thomas, killed, 208, 237 Lockhart, Capt. George, 274
Land titles confirmed, 255, 265 Long Creek, 188, 190, 448
Langdon, Timothy, 627 Long Island, 129, 1382
Lane, James, 98, 172, 173 Longfellow, Stephen, 3867—369, 459, 463, 632
Lane, John, 301 Long, Col. Stephen IL, 592
Large landholders petition Gen. Court, 127 Losses of inhabitants by Mowatt’s attack, 900
Larrabee, Benjamin, 319, 321, 330, 340 Losses by destruction of the town, 52k
Larrabee, Benjamin, and family, 817 Lots and Locations, 1680, 226—234
Larrabee, Benjamin, Jr., 330, 340, 618 Lots granted on Congress strect, 329, 331
Larrabee, Thomas, 347 Lottery, 48
220 HISTORY OF:
Dove lang, 474
Lovering, Rev. 8. F., 672
Louisburg, capture of, 419

Lowell, Capt Abner, and family, 442, 529, 818

Lowell, Judge, John, 626
Lovell, Capt. John, 350
Lowther, Dr. John, 377, 619
Lumber, 448, 449
Lunt, James, and family, 819
Lusher, Edward, 154
Luxton, George, 65
Lyde, George, 461
Machigonne, definition, 43, 49, 52
Mackey’s Point and Island, 53
iJackworth, Arthur and Joha, 53
Mackworth, Jane, 54

Mackworth, Jane, her will and children, 92,
(98, 115, 117, 128, 192, 201, 234

Macon, John, grant to him and Gorges, 17,
65, 67

Macworth, Arthur, 50 ,52, death, 53, 58, 68, 75
[78, 83, 86, 112, 117
191, 235, 309, 312
Madiver, Michael, 139, 312
Madockawando, (Indian), 129, 212, 285
Magistrates for the province and towns, 143

Madiver, Joel,

(147
Mahan, John, 374
Mails and Post-office, 584
Maine admitted to the Union, 2
Maine, division of its territory, 65 73
Maine, province of, 1681, 250
Maine, province of, 49
Maine settlements before 1632, 33
Maine troops for Canada, 434, 443
Maine, John, 98, 169
Main street, 475
Main’s Point, 98
Manners and customs, 715
Map of New England, Smith’s, 15
Margcry. ship, 40
Mariner, James, 297
March, Major John, 315, 314
Marine Railway, 565
Mariner’s Church, 679
Marquoit, 98
Martin, Dorothy, 192
Martin, Richard, of Portsmouth, letter, 206

Martin, Richard, 59, 89, 98, 105, 107, 109,

(115, 128, 142

Martin, Richard, death and family, 191
Martin’s Point, 59, 98
Marriages, TL:
Mason, Rohert, 81
Masonia, 65

PORTLAND.

Mast ships, 453
Masts. prices of, &c., 454
Massachusetts, 34
Massachusetts, authority opposed, 151
Massachusetts Charter, 1628, 25
Massachusetts jurisdiction and claim, 84, 86

[88, 89, 143, 160, 180,

Massachusetts purchases Maine, 222
Massacre of citizens in Boston, 487
Maverick, Samuel. 30, 157
Maylem, Joseph, 290
Mayo, Ebenezer and Simeon, 486, 824
May, John, 555
McClanathan, 384, 385
McDonald, Randall, 326
McKeen, James, 325
McLean, Allon, 459
McLellan, Capt. Arthur, 528
McLellan, Capt. William, 534

McLellan, Bryce and Hugh and families, 820

McLellan, Hugh, 553, 820
McLellan, Joseph, 557, 821
McLellan, Stephen, 558, 557, 821
McLellan, William, 434
McMahan, Wiiliam, 374
Means, Robert, 326, 382
Meoeting-honse, 228, 358, 338
Meginnis, Rev. John §., 689
Megunnaway, (Indian), 204
Mellen, Prentiss, 633

Menickoe, 53

Mercantile Library Asssciation, 750
Meremaid, 61

Methodists, 681
Methodist’s conferences, 685

Merrill, Elias, 801

Merrill, Rev. Samuel H., 680
Merrill, Rev. William P., 694
Merry, Walter, 130
Meteorology of Portland, preface
Michimore James, 173
Middle street, 473,
Militia of Maine, 212
Militia of Maine, their pay, 213
Militia reorganized, 528
Militia, their conduct, 511
Military fire upon citizens, 487
Military force called in, 485, 525
Milk, Deacon James, 431, 465, 453
Mills, James, 319
Mills, John, death, 193
Mills, John, family,

Mills, Sarah, _ 175
Mills and mill privileges, 108, 251, 448
Ministries to the poor, 673
Ministry, 145, 356
INDEX. 921

Ministry at large, oT+ Munjoy’s dwelling house, 47
Mitchell, Christopher, 290 Munjoy’s Ifill, elevation, 583
Mitchell, David, 397 Munjoy’s Island, 50, 182, 209, 239,
Mitchell, Rev. David M., 673 Munjoy’s Neck, 43
Mitton, Ann, 101, 189 Munjoy street, _ Ae
Mitton, Elizabeth, 138, 139 Munjoy, signature, 109, 110
Mitton, Michael, 50, 56, 60, 72, 89, 98, 99, 101, Murdock, Rey. Thomas §., 665
(107, 108,115, 116,126 Murray, Rev. John, 385

Mitton, Nath’l, death and character, 141,175
Mitton, Nath’l, 50, 105, 106, 108, 141, 190, 205

Mitton, Michael, his family, 5%, 108, 141
Mob in Boston, ASL
Meb in Falmouth, 454, 489
Moges Islands, 60
Monhegan, 16, 20, 21
Molasses trade, 560
Morals of the people, 142, 144, 174
Mordough, Rev. John I., 678
Morgan, Francis and Robert, 151
Morgan, Joseph, 309
Morgan, Jonathan, 697
Morgridge, Rev. Charles, 693
Morough, Dennis, 233, 297
Morris, Thomas 83, 98
Morrell, Peter, 297
Moses, John, 99
Mosier, Hugh, 59, 83, 98, 107
Mosier, John and James, 60, 173, 175
Mocdy, Enoch, 468, 525, 821
Moody, Joshua, 326, 339, 3878
Moody, Rev. Joshua, 339
Moody, Lemuel, and family, 822
Mosdy, Dr. Samuel, 330, 339, 378
Moody, Samuel, 190

Moody, Maj. Sam’l, 317, 319, 321, 330, 339, 346

Moore, Rev. Henry D.. 675, 677
Moore, Richard, 81
Motley, John, and family, 823
Mount Desert, 10
Mount Mansell, 10
Mount Calvary Cemetery, 761
Mourning expenses, 779
Mountfort, Edmund, 339
Mountfort, Edmund, and family, 824

Mowatt, Capt. Henry, 509, 516, 518, 522
Mowatt, Capt. Henry, summons to town, 517
Mugg, (Indian), 199, 212
Municipal government of Falmouth, 233
Munjoy, George, 105, 108, 109, 113, 135, 136
Munjoy, George, his, family, 137, 150, 154,

[159, 161, 166, 170, 185, 186, 188, 206,
Munjoy, George, death, and children, 239
Munjoy, John, father of George, 136
Munjoy, John, killed, 204
Munjoy, Mary, 45, 105, 133, 238

60

Muscle Cove, 205, 448
Muster roll of Capt. Bradish’s company, 897

Mussey, Benjamin, 549
Mussey, John, 549, 563
Mussey’s Row, 565
Nunes extinct in Portland, 864
Names of persons admitted inhabitants, 890
Natural History Society, 750
Naumkeag, (Salem), 25
Naval officers, 459

Neale, Francis, 54, 89, 90, 98, 112, 113, 128, 143,

(154, 159, 269, 181, 184, 201, 234
Neale, Samuel, 112
Neale, Walter, 31, 36, 37
Neck, Cleeves’, or Munjoy’s, 43, 44
Neck, Cleeves’, or Munjoy’s, inhab., 1675, 200

Neck, the, its advantages, 328
Neck, the, its condition, 1754, 430, 467—472,

[579
Negroes, 440
Neutral French, 439, 443
Newbury strect, 4i7
New Casco, 310, 396
New Casco fort, 318, 317, 319
New England, first named, 15
New England Screw Steamship Co., 733
New Jerusalem Church, 998
Newspapers, 596
Newspaper contributors, 598
New Somersetshire, 49, 67
Newton, 53
Nichols, Col. Richard, 157, 166
Nicholls Francis, 233
Nichols, John, 466
Nichols, Rev. Ichabod, 653, €57
Nichols, Robert, 139
Noble, a coin, 55
Non-importation agreement, 501, 503
Noreman, Wm., 135
North Yarmouth, 98, 215, 256
Nova Scotia, grant of, 18
Nowell, Samuel, 131
Noyes, Col. Peter, 528
Noyes, Jacob, 794, 827

541, 557, 794
826, S61

Noyes, Joseph,
Noyes, Joseph, and family,
922

Noyes, Joseph C., 795
Noyes, Josiah, 794, 827
Noyes, Josiah, and family, 862
-Oakman, Elias, 193
Observatory, 574
Ocean steamships, 735
Oldham, Jobn, grant to, 27, 68
Old and new tenor, 445,
Old proprietors, 327, 331—387, 892
Oliver, John, and family, 828
Opposition to Massachusetts jurisdic., 86, 151
Orchards, 469
Ordination of Mr. Smith, 362
Ormsby, Richard, 42
Orris, Jonathan, 231, 998
Osgood, Abraham, 555
Owen, Ebenezer, 798, 830
Owen, John, and family, 829
Oxnard, Edward and family, 831
Oxnard, Thomas, 461, 640
Oxnard, Thomas, and family, 830
Pagan, Robert, 455
Paine. Josiah, 587

Palmev’s Island,
Palmer, John,

50, 129, 132
133, 187, 240, 230

Paper money, 444
Parish lot, 321
Parker, Isaac, 286, 631
Parker, James, 98, 285
Parker, John, 285
Parris, Albion K., 636
Parrott, John, 298
Parsons, Rey. Moses, 374
Parsons. Theophilus, 374, 377, 508,624, 628
Passamaquoddy or Acadi, 11
Patent to Bonighton and Lewis, 28
Patent to John Pierce, 22, 23
Patent to Oldham and Vines, 27
Patent to Plymouth Colony,of Kennebec, 28
Patentees of the northern colony, 17
Patten, William and John, 320
Pattishall, Richard, 172, 186
Paulling, Matthew, 301
Pay of troops, 422, 529
Payson, Edward, 652, 660
Peace celebration, 548
Peace of 1678, 214
Peace of 1725, 350
Peace of 1752, 426
Peace of 1768, 437
Peace of 1783, 547
Peace of 1797, 288, 318

Peace of Aix la Chapelle, 418

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Peace of Paris, 437
Peak’s, Island, © 26, 50, 129, 132
Pearson’s lane, 475
Pearson, Moses, 420, 459
Pearson, William, and family, 828, 833
Pearsontown, 419
Pearsontown, petitioners for, 420
Peck, Rev. Benjamin D., 694
Pejepscot, 24, 64, 317
Pemaquid, 20, 22, 214, 274, 275

181, 201, 205
96, 98, 114, 115, 128, 135,
[151, 190, 297. 298

Pendleton, Brian,
Penley, Sampson,

Penobscot, Penobscook, Pentagoet, 23
Pequaket tribe and battle, 350
Pesumsca, 49, 52
Petition of Inhabitants to Cromwell, 87
Petition of Inhabitants to Gen. Court, 124,

(127

Petition of the inhabitants to the king, 162
Petition of inhabitants to king, 1680, 224
Petition of inhab. for incorporation, 1717, 889
Petition to Gov. Andros, 256
Petition to governor and council, 266, 322
Petition of old proprietors to Gen. Court, 333

(313, 314, - - - -

Petition of old proprietors, 892
Pettingill family, 834
Phillips, John, 46, 89, 98, 103, 105, 107, 115,
(128, 201

Phillips, John, of Boston, 103, 105, 108, 132,
(187

Phillips, Wm., 127, 154, 161, 169, 197
Phinney, Col., 509
Phippen, David, and family, 97, 118, 184, 310,
Phippen, Joseph, 96, 98, 114, 115, 125, 128, 185,
(154, 190

Physicians, 3i7
Pierce, John, 22
Pierce, William, 231
Pierpont, James, 357
Pierpont. Rey. John, 357
Pierpont, Rev. Jonathan, 357
Pike, Richard, 203
Pike, Siunuel, 268
Piracy, 636
Piscataquis stream, 449
Plaisted, Roger, 154, 181
Plough patent, 29
Plumer, Moses, 464
Plum street, 474
Plymouth colony, 17, 28
Point of Rocks, (Robinson wharf’, 108, 232
Political parties, 604
Polls returned, 530
Presumpscot river, 26, 32, 49, 52, 104, 112,
(014, 137

 

: INDEX. 923
Pond Cove, 354 Preshyterianism, 383
Pond Island, 50, 129, 182, 237 Prices regulated, 544
Poor, Miriam 802 Pride, Joseph, 34
Popham Colony, 1607, 13 Pritchard, John, 322, 341, 342
Popham, Sir Francis, Ak Privatecring, 529
Popham, Capt. George, 13 Prizes, 3 ABB
Population, 270, 373, 412, 438, 582, 763, 768 Proceedings of Inhabitants for relief, 1775, 902
Portland, 43, 47 Proctor, Samuel, B22, 341
Portland Advertiser, 500 Proctor, Samuel, and family, . 838
Portland Company, 729 Promenades, 728
Portland described, 1795, 576 Proprietor’s Books, 337
Portland Gazette, 599 Proprietors, old and new, 327, 3381-337
Portland harbor, 583 Proprictors, old rights established, 325, 306
. Portland Island, 134, 581 Public Schools,
Portland, its area and population, bR2 Pullin, Richard,
Portland, its growth, 55d Pulling, John,
Portland, its trade, 595 Purchas, Thomas, 24, 64, 68, 194.
Portland, named, 581 Purchase of Maine by Massachusetts,
Portland organized, 582 Purpooduck, 96, 135, 190
Portland, population, 554 Purpooduck, inhabitants, 1675, 200, 287, 309,
Portland Press, 601 * (811, 354, 360, 439
Portland set off and incorporated, 580  -Purpooduck Parish, 382
Portland Society of Natural Histury, 759
Portland statistics, taxes, debt, population, Quack, York, or Quahaug, 26, 30, 135
&e. 763-774 Quakers and Quakerism, 404—409, 638
Portland Sound and Head, 581 Quarrel between Lawrence & Davis, 264
Portland Steam Packet Company, 732 Quebec, its capture, 435
Portland Sugar House, 731
Port Royal, 10. Railroads, 591
Postmasters, 584 Raines, Francis, 181
Post-office and postage, OS4 Ralle, Father, 345, 349
Pote, Gamaliel, 637 ‘Rand, Elder Samuel, 692
Pote, Jeremiah, 456, 510,637 Rand, John, 599
Pote, William, 456, 637 Rawson, Edward, 85
Potts, Richard, 172,209 Ray, Dr. Isaac, 863
Pourtriocourt, 10 Rayner, Rev. Menzies, 696
Pownal, Gov. Thomas, 434 Read, John, 334
Pownal, Gov. Thomas, letter, 903 Reading, Thomas, 132, 293
Powsland, or Powsly, Richard, 106,189,190, | Recompense Island, 131
(232, 307 Reddin, shipbuilder, 452
Pratt, Rev. James, 642 Reese, Rev. Wm. J., 696
Preble, Abraham, 78, 91, 95,143,147 —- Religion, state of, 145
Preble, Abraham, death, 148, 153, Religious societies, their number, 681
Preble, Commodore Edward, 468, 836 Representatives in Maine, 251
Preble, Ebenezer, and family, 837 Representatives from Falmouth, 258, 541, 579
Preble, Edward, 801 Resolves, proceedings of inhabitants, 893, 897
Preble, Enoch, 838 Retailers, 185, 263, 342
Preble, Jedediah, 134 Revival in Falmouth, 392
Preble, Gen. Jedediah, 434, 436, 483, 486, 504 Revolution, 479
. (506, 541,543  Richman’s Island, 25
Preble, Gen. Jedediah, and family, 835 Richmond, bark, 40, 41
Preble, John, 528,581 Richmond Island, 25, 26, 27, 35, 40
Preble, Mary, SOL Richmond Island, its trade, 41, 77, 135, 868

Richmond, Jobn, 25, 56
Richmond, John M., 2372
924

Rider, Phineas,
Rigby, Alexander,

105, 107

Rigby, Alexander, government
Rigby, Edward,
Riggs, Jeremiah,
Riggs, Jeremiah, and family,
Riggs, John,

Riggs, Joseph,

Riggs, Stephen,

Riggs, Thomas,

Riggs, Whecler,

Ripley, Rey. Thomas B.,
Rishworth, Edward,
Rishworth, Edward, sig., 111,
Roads,

Roads and traveling,

Robbins, Ensign,

Roberts, Gyles,

Robinhood,

Robinson, Francis

Robinson, James,

Robison, Samuel,

Robison, Thomas,

Robison, Thomas, and family ,
Rochefoucault, Duke of
Rocroft, Capt. Edward,

Rogers, Patrick, testimony,
Rogers, William,

Rollins, Samuel, killed, family,
Roman Catholics,

Ross, Alexander,

Ross, Mrs. Alexander,

Ross, Anne,
Ross, James,
Round marsh,
Rounds, Mark,
Royall, Isaac, !
Royall, John,

Royall, Wm.,

Royall’s river,

Runnet of water,

Russell, Richard, and James,
Rutherford, Rev. Robert,

139, 156, 175

Sabino,

Saccarappa,

Saco,

Saco, Sawguatock,

Sacrament and Communicants,
Sagadehoc,

Salaries of Officers,

Salem,

Sands, David,

Sandy point,

, 125, 172, 184
30, 61, T4, $1, 99

of, 75, 83

81, 83, 85, 87, 101

189, 353
839

353

353

353

353

353, 535

673, 688

91, 95

143, 147, 154,
(159, 161, 169
149, 341

262

350

79, 115

199

75, 78

W

839

550, 555

840

576

16

B44

54, 192

548

700

455

511

175

, 203, 214, 298

189, 190, 295
321

273

256, 273

83, 98, 220, 273

69, 98
46
132
38d

13
113, 449

28, 52, 53, 67
16, 87

383

50

492

201

407

329

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Sanky, Robert, £3, 72
Sares or Scars, John, 115
Saunders, John, of Braintree, 137

Saunders, Lt. John, 95

Savage, Arthur, 461, 489
Savage, Isaac, 354
Savings Banks, 573
Saw mills, 448
Sawyer, Isaac, 321, 353
Sawyer, Jacob, 353
Sawyer, James, 353
Sawyer, John, 342, 353
Sawyer, William, 353
Scales, Mathew, and William, 321
£calps, price of, 347
Scammon, Ifumphrey, 312
Scammon, Mary, 348
Scammon, Richard, 196
Scarborough, 31, 287
Scarcity of 100d, 532
Schenectady, 281
Scholars, 368, 3874
School money voted, 374
Schooltax, 442
Schools and Schoolmasters, 365
School street, did
£citterygusset Creek, 112
Scotch and Irish Immigrants, 324, 3&3
Scottow, Joshua, 32, 183, 185
Scottow, Thos., 220
Scriptures first read in First Parish, 404
Seacomb’s Neck, 243
Seacomb, Richard, 281, 242, 263
Seamen’s Church, 679

Sea Serpent, 61

Second Parish, 646, 659
Second Unitarian Society, 672
Selectmen of Falmouth, 1680, 229
Senators in Congress, 6C4
Separation of Maine from Mass., 762
Separation vote of the District, 712

Settlements in 1620, 17
Settlements in Maine before 1632, 9, et seq., 33

Settlers of the revival of the town 1715, 338
Sewall, David, 618, 636
Sewall, Henry, 636
Sewall, Jonathan, 622
Sewall, Rev. Jotham, 664
Shailer, Rev. Win. IT, 690

Shapleigh, Nicholas, 91, 95, 143, 147, 151, 154,

{214
Shaw, Josiah, 519
Sheldon, Wm., 169
Sheriffs, 613.
Ship building, 452
INDEX.

Shipping, 457, 558, 500
Ships employed at Richmond Island, 40
Shirley, Gov. Wm., 428
Shove, Edward, 355
Shurt, Abraham, 20
Silver money, Hb, 416
Simon, Indian, 202, 213
Simonton’s Cove, 360
Simontons, Wm.,, ete., 383, 457
Skillings, Benjamin, 329
Skillings, Capt. Samuel, 432

Skillings John, 139, 178, 1$8, 201, 22, 232, 298
Skillings, Thomas, 106, 125, 178

Skillings, Thomas, death, 208
Slave trade, 636
Shives enlisted, 539
Slaves in Maine, 439
Small, Edward, OL
Small, Francis, 89, 102, 128, 155
Smith, Capt. John, 14, 15
Smith, David, 556
Smith, Dr. John, 376
Smith, Joho, 104, 332
Smith, Rey. Elias, 692
Smith, Rev. Hezekiah, 686

Smith, Rev. Peter T., 370, 376, 526
Smith, Rey. Thomas, 189, 352, 359, 361
Smith, Rey. Thomas, ordination and marriage,

(363, 364, 368, 378, 646

Smith, Rev. Thomas, death, €50
Smith, Rey. Thomas M., 666
Smith, Richard, 104
Smith, Samuel, killed, 208
Smith, Thomas, 104
Smith, Win., 104
Smuggling, 489
Soldiers from the Neck for Bagaduce, 533
Somerset, Sachem, 20
Soup house, 575
Southark, Capt. Cyprian, 316
Spiritualists, 650
Spring point, 211
Spring street, 75
Spurwell, Sarah, 190
Spurwink, 25, 36, 114, 198
Spurwink, inhabitants 1675, 200, 287, 309, 312,
(347, 439

Sqnidraset, or Scitterygusset, (Indian), 25, 26,
[53, 102

Squando, Indian, 213
Stages, 589
Stamp Act, 480
Stamp Act, repealed, 482

Standford, or Staviford, Thomas, — 89, 96, 117,
(98, 114, 128, 154, 201

Standford, Rebecca,
Staniford, Robert,

State Street Church,
Steam Packet Companies,
Stebbins, Rey. ILoratio,
Sterling, Earl of
Stevens, Amos,
Stevens, Thomas,
Stickney, David,
Stickney, Jacob,
Stogummor,

Stoddard, Amos,

Stone first used,

Stone, Samuel,

Storer, Ebenezer,
Storer, Woodbury,
Stores,

Stores erected,
Strangers’ Contribution,
Stratton’s Islands,
Stratton, John, grant to,
Streets,

Strecter, Rev. Russell,
Stroudwater,
Stroudwater Parish,

St. Dominic, Church of
St. Lawrence Strect Church,
St. Luke’s Church,

St. Paul’s Church,

St. Sauveur,
Submission to Mags.,
Sugar Act,

Sugar House,

Sugar trade,

Sullivan, James,
Sumner, Fort,

Summer street,
Suspected persons,

925

353

114, 123, 172, 225

671

bl
wb

172
794
794

49

576
563
367

563
725, 726
464

562

356

31

25, 64
329, 472
696

BES
397, 402
700

678

643

640

ef

89

479, 483
731

560
526, 628
576

417

510

Surrender of Charter by Plymouth Co., 65

Survey of boundary ly Mass.,
Surveys of land by Andrews,
Swamps,

Swedenborgians,

Swett, John,

Symmes, Wm.,

Taher’s bills,

Taber, John and son,

Tate, Admiral,

Tate, and Brady’s Psalin book,
Tate, George and family,
Taverns,
Taxes,

Tax on Mills,
Taylor, George,

8t
258
469
698
S41
630, 711.

575
575
e41
404
840

243, 470, 509, 520
TS, 224, O55, 207, 411, 743

252

48
926

Taylor, Rev. Joshna, 682
Tea, restriction, 4£9, 491
Tea riot, 496
Tea tax, 494
Temple, Robert, 325
Temple street, 476
Temple, Sir John, 460
Tenbrocck, Rev. P. &., GAL
Tewksbury, Rev. George A., 679
Thames street, dit
Thatcher, George, 627, 780
Theater, 597, 783
Third Cong. Society, C64, 667
Thomes, Thonias, 321
Thomes, Wm., 798
Thompson, Col. Samuel, 509
Thompson, David, 19
Thompson, Philip, 240
Thorpe, Rey. John, 145
Thrasher, Jonathan and family, 844
Thurlo, John and family, 842
Thury, Abbe, 21
Thwoit, Alexander, 172, 220
Thwing, Rev. Edward P., 678
Tilden, Nathaniel and Judith, 148
Titcomb, Benjamin, 596, 687
Titcom), Benjamin, and family, P42
Titcomb, Benjamin, his letter, 902
Titcomh, Henry, 563
Titcomb, Joseph, TT
Titcomh, Major Moses, 422
Tonnage, 457, 558, 561, 577
Town Government, 762
Trade, 455, 555, 577,774
Trade at Richmond’s Island, 55
Trade of Falmouth 1632-40, 39, 40
Traders, 455, 464, 555
Traveling, 586, 591
Treaty at Falmouth, 350
Treaty of Paris, 1763, 437
Treaty of Utrecht, 317
Treaty with Indians, 413, 437
Trees, 728
Trelawny, Robert, 25, 30
Trelawny, Robert, death, 40
Trelawny, Robert, grant, 32, 36
Trelawny, Robert’s heir, Al
Treworgy, (Trueworthy) James, 57
Trickey, Joseph, 192
Tristram, Hannah, 218
Tristram, Ralph, 218, 312
Triton, 61
Troops raised, 507, 612, 513, 525, 536
Truck or trading houses, 318

Trustees of Falmouth, 255

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Trustees Methodist Church, 682
Tuck, George, 297
Tucker, Daniel, 375, 778, 844
Tucker, Daniel, and family, 845
Tucker, Josiah and family, 844
Sucker, Lewis and John, ; 299
Tucker, Margaret, 4

Tucker, Richard, 30, 36, 43, 55,79, 98, 106, 108,
(114, 115, 137
Tucker, R., and Cleeves’ dwelling-house, 46

Tucker, R., and Cleeves’ partnership, 47, 54
Tuckerman, Rev. 0. P., 675
Tukey, John and family, e47
Tukey, John, killed, 539
Turkey lane, 477
Turner, Elisha, 798
Turner, Ralph, 114, 189, 184, 236, 299
Tyler, Rev. Bennett, 662
Tyler, Royal, 625

Tyng, Col. Wm., 493, 502, 506, 511, 513 :
Tyng, Edward, 134, 227, 230, 232, 249, 258, 266,

(299, 379
Tyng, Mary, 379
Tyng, Wm. Jonathan, 299
Unitarian Society, second, 672
Universalists, 695
Universalist new church, 697
Unongoit, Sachem, 20
Urquahart, Rev. John, 384
Usher, John, 232
Utrecht, treaty of, 317
Vail, Rev. Joseph, 662
Valuation of Estates, 444
Vaughan, George E., 631, 849
Vaughan, Wm., 111, 550
Vaughan, Wm., and family, 848
Venner, Henry, 261
Vessels and tonnage, 558

Vines, Richard, 16, 27, 36, 52, 53, 57, 63, 69,

[72, 74, 78, 116

Vines, Richard, to Gov. Winthrop, 877
Vines, Richard, signature, 880
Virginia, attempts to settle, 9
Virginia, north, Ist colony, 13

Wadleigh, John, 75, 88
Wadsworth, Gen. Peleg, 533, 536, 556, 608, 705

Wager, Elder, 681
Wait, Thomas B., 555, 588, 596
Waite, Benjamin and Stephen, 852
Waite, Capt. John and family, 850
Waite, Col. John, 494, 530, 542

Waite, Co). Jobn and family, 851
INDEX. 927

Wakefield, John, 169,172 West, Capt. Francis, 7 18
Wakely, Elizabeth, 212 West India trade, 456, 560
Wakely, Isaac, 106, 137 West, John, £6, 75
Wakely, Isaac, killed, 204 West, Johu, fac simile, 259
Wakely, John, 106, 113, 187 Weston, Rey. Isaac, 862
Wakely, John, death, 196 Whale fishing, 14
Wakely, Thomas, 106, 137 Wharff, Nathaniel, 54, 96, 97, 98, 112, 128
Wakely, Thomas, death, 196 Wharff, Nathaniel, death and family, 192
Waldo, Brigadier Samuel, 113, 48£ 9 Wharff, Rebecca, 112, 192
Waldo, Brigadier Samuel, and family, 853 Wharff, Thomas, 112, 193
Waldo, Cornelius, 131 Wharton, Richard, patent, 24, 64,131
Waldo, Francis, 459, 463,853 = Wharves, 465, 564
Waldo, patent, 29, 63, 38+ Wheeler, Henry, 449
Waldo, Samuel, 131, 354, 398, 449, 853 Wheeler, Henry and family, 857
Waldo, Samuel, Jr., 378, 481, 853. = Wheelwright, Rev. John, 166
Waldron, Major, 275 Wheelwright, Samuel, 161
Walker, Rev. George L., 671 White, John, 354, 859
Wallace, Mr., 370 = White, Nicholas, 89, 125, 135
Wallis, Benjamin, Joseph, James, 300, 309, 312 White, William, 354
Wallis, John, 39, 98, 125, 169, 190, 204, 235, © Whites, 191, 309, 374
[300 Whitefield, George, 393-395

Wallis, Josiah,
Wallis, Nathaniel,

108, 309, 312
89, 92, 98, 102, 107, 125,
[169, 244, 300

Walter, Thomas, 301
Walton, Col., 346
Walton, Mark and family, £55
Walton, Peter, 855
Walton, Rev. Jeremiah E., 668
War of 17H, 411,423
War of 17£4, 430
War preparations, 503
Ware, Ashur, 637
Ware Creek, 107
Warrabita, (Indian), 113
Wass, John, 321
Watts, Dr. Edward, 877, 552, 555
Watts, Dr. Edward and family, 856
Watts, Henry, 45, 75, 83, 143, 159
Watts’ Lane, 552
Way, George and Eleazer, 24, 64
Wear, 75
Webb, Jonathan, 71
Webber, Joseph, 233, 301
Webber, Michael, 309
Webber, Saniuel, 233, 236, 301
Webber, Thomas, 301
Weeks, Joseph and family, 809
Weeks, Lemuel, 453, 586, 799, 809, 845, 857
Weeks, Wm., 809, £87
Welles, Samuel’s deposition, 22
Wells, . 87

“Westbrook, Col. Thos. 131, 344, 354, 449, 473

678
135, 169

West Congregational Chapel,
Westcustogo,

Whitefield, George, arrival in Falmouth, ex-

citement, 393
Whitman, Ezekiel, 603, 633
Whitman, Rev. Jason, 672
Whittier, Nathaniel, 280
Whitwell, Wm., 159 —
Widgery, Wm., 602, 622
Wilcott, Hugh, 298
Wildrage, Capt. John, 843

Wilkinson, John, 72

Willard, Capt., 281
Willard, Rey. Samuel, 133
Williams, Abigail, 173
Williams, Henry, 193
Williams, Jenkins, 118, 189, 201, 224
Williams, Rev. Ebenezer, 377, 404
Williams, Thomas, 69, 83
Willine, Roger, 116
Willis, Nathaniel, 6CO
Willis, N. P., 600
Willow street, 475
Wilmot, Richard, 321
Wincoll, John, 161
Windmill, 451
Windmill Lane, 552
Winslow, Dr. Gilbert, 320
Winslow, James, 405, 451
Winslow, James and family, 858
Winslow, Nathan, 336, 495, 858
Winslow, Nathaniel], 341, 858
Winter Harbor, 16, 29
Winter, John, 32, 36, 41, 128, 873
Winter, John, quarrel with C'eeves, 37,55
Winter, John, death, 22, 57,117
928

Winter, Jolin, estate, 868
Winter, Mrs., 57
Winter, Sarah, 42
Winthrop, Goy., 50, 75
Winthrop, Thos. L., 460
Wiscasset murder, 424

Wise, Thomas, 55, 59, 98, 99, 107
Wiswall, Enoch and William and family, 859

Wiswall, Mr., 186
Wiswell, Rev. John, 369, 397, 401, 509, 510
Woodbury, Capt. William, 860
Woodbury, Joshua, 354
Woodbury, Joshua and family, 859
Woodman, Benjamin and John, 551
Woodman, Stephen and Benjamin, 861

Worcester, Rey, Henry, 698

HISTORY OF PORTLAND.

Worumbo, Sachem, 24
Wright, Benjamin, 342
Writers and Authors, 751, 862
Wyer, David, 372, 377, 462, 619, 623
York, Quack, or Quahaug, 26, 30, 135
York & Cumberland R. R., 594
York, Benjamin, 302
York, Edward, _ 302
York, John, 256, 302
York, Richard, 302
York, Samuel, 302
Yorkshire, . 90
Yorktown Victory, 540
Young Men’s Christian Association, 751

Young Men’s Mercantile Library Asso., 750
    

   

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