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UNIVERSITY
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| HARD 1. JOHNSON ~

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For Terms See Fourth Page of Cover.

A

MONOGRAPH

OF THE

TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA

INHABITING THE

UNITED STATES.

—?0.

 

With Ilustrations of alt the Species.

62

 

 

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.,

Editor of The American Journal of Conchology ; Member of the Academy of Natural Sctences
of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History,
the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, the California Academy
of Natoral Sciences, the Zoologischeu-botanischen
‘Gesellschaft in Wien, etc.

ee

Part

PHILADELPHIA :
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 625 Market STREET.

NEW YORK: LONDON::

Bariuery Brotuers No. 520 Broadway. Trousyer & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row.
PARIS MADRID:

J B Bawuters et Firs, Rue Hautefeuille. C. BAILiy-BAILLiErE, Calle del Principe.

BERLIN:
AsHer & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden.

7 Wei:

 

2.

 

 

 

ae
 

 

SS FRESH WATER SHELLS WANTED. ‘
Concnoxocists or Dealers having FRESH WATER SHELLS
from any part of the world, for sale or exchange, will please for-
ward Catalogues of species and prices, to
CHARLES M. WHEATLEY,
Jan, 1865, (ly ) Phenixville, Pennsylvania.

GSGHORGH WW. TRYONWN, Jr.,
625 MARKET STREET,
PHILADEPHIA, U. 8S.

BXCHANGES.

I offer to Conchologists and Collectors, to exchange any of my
publications, including the “ American Journal of Conchology,” and
also my duplicate shells, for their memoirs an Conchological sub-
jects or for specimens.

SHELLS WANTED.

I desire also to purchase species new to my collection, and re-
quest gentlemen having shells for sale to forward to me Catalogues
with prices annexed.

SHELLS FOR SALE.
1 My stock of duplicates numbers nearly 3000 species. °I will
{| dispose of them in preference by exchange, or will sell them at
| very low prices. The land and fresh water shells of Europe and
the United States are largely represented among these duplicates.

I can offer the following collections:

  
  
  
  
   

Land and Fresh Water Shells of Europe, 300 species.............. $ 50 00
do QO SPECIES ianvessvinisaires axe . 2000

do 100 Oe aio as « 100
Clausilia, 100 species, 250 specimens.........6., cece seseeeees oe w- 1500
— 50 OS 100 a BOOS POOnan CMe 5 00
American and Exotic Unionide, 100 species. ... 25 00
te ct ae 50 oe 4 10 00

$e Fresh Water Univalves, 300 species.. . 50 00

f ae e “cc te 200 et 25 00

af fe se ne 100 = 10 00
Helix, 100 species...... ccssccee cesseseee oe etait a 20 00
Marine Shells, 1000 species... - 25000
ae a 500 ey «- 100 00

ee te 250 s Oecd 18000)

 

Shells for sale also singly at low rates. P

NAMING SPECIMENS.—I offer to name collections of Shells, for the privilege of retaining, (in .

exchange.) Shells that prove to be new to my Cabinet.

CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS FOR SALE.—See Jist on second and third pages of cover of Ameri-
can Journal of Conchology for October, %65.

DIRECTIONS FOX SHIPPING.— Gentlemen residing in Europe are requested to direct to me as
above, with the addition :—

‘ In care of the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C.,”

and forward their packages to either of the following bouksellers :—G. Bossange & Co., Paris. Dr.
Felix Flugel, Leipzig, Saxony. Wm. Wesley, 2 Queen’s Head Passage, Paternoster Row, London.

American correspondents can forward heavy packages by express or rail. Light packages can be
forwarded by mail.

_ AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

Con th papers by Conrad, Anthon
yi
Bland ‘ice in uumbers, $12. Or each
numb eR ‘ ' orroceo, gilt, bevelled sides, red
edges, .. .-..
No1 ae tb

 

.. e furnished at $10, or bound as

 

above, at $12. - we

Me

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
A

MONOGRAPH

OF THE

TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA

INHABITING THE

UNITED STATES.

 

‘0

 

With Hilustrations of all the Species.

 

0

 

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.,
‘
Editor of The American Journal of Conchology ; Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History,
the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, the California Academy
of Natural Sciences, the Zoologischen-botanischen
Gesellschaft in Wien, etc.

PHILADELPHIA :
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 625 MARKET STREET.

NEW YORK: LONDON:
BAILLIERK Brotaers No, 520 Broadway. TruByer & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row.

PARIS MADRID:
J B Batnurere et Fins, Rue Hautefeuille. C. BAILLY-BAILLIERE, Calle del Principe.
J BERLIN:
Asner & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden.
Wituram M. YEAREL, PRINTER,
No. 23 N. Sixth Street, Philadelphia.
MONOGRAPH

OF THE

TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA

OF THE

United States.

PREFACE.

he substance of the following pages was written by me
some years ago for my own use, in identifying the species

of North American Land Shells. Having found it an import-
ant aid in this connection, saving me much time, trouble and
uncertainty, I have concluded to publish it, in the hope that
it will prove alike useful to others pursuing the same study.
To this end, the subject has been carefully reviewed, much of
it re-written, and all the species published to this date included.

After a vain attempt to reconcile the prominent characters of
the shells with the characters of the soft parts, or animals, as
described by recent observers, and to divide the species ac-
cording to the families and sub-families which they have in-
stituted, I have concluded to introduce only such of these
divisions as will give the genera and species as nearly as pos-
sible in their natural sequence, founded upon Conchological
distinctions.

In pursuing this course (unavoidable, on account of the
paucity of our knowledge of anatomical characters, and of the
values of these characters in classification), we less regret the
absence of a strictly scientific arrangement, because without

it we can more readily attain the object of these pages than by
iii,
[ iv. ]

separating, according to supposed important characters of the
soft parts, species which, conchologically, greatly resemble one
another, and again, on the same grounds, uniting incongruous
forms.*

As nearly all the proposed genera of the Au erican Helices
appear to be well founded upon differences ot auimal and
shell, I have adopted them, believing that they will facilitate
rather than embarrass the investigator.

Finally, I may be permitted to add, these pages being writ-
ten, not so much for the use of those who are, but rather for
those why desire to become, Cunchologists, it has seemed to me
most proper that the descriptions of species should be as con-
cise and as free from technical words as possible; that even
charactérs of minor importance, and those, especially, which
require microscopic observation, should be ‘generally omitted,
or only slightly alluded to; that the would-be naturalist

* Several recent writers have separated from the Helicid@ certain species,
which otherwise are entirely undistinguishable trom that family, on account
of the animal possessing a mucous pore near its tail, like the snails of the
genera Arion and Parmacella. They have accordingly united them either
to Arioniae or Parmacellide

The late M. Moquin-Tandon, a most excellent French malacologist,
appears to us to have correctly determined the presence of a developed
spiral shell as of sufficient importance to justify the retention of these spe-
cies within the family Helicide.

The possession of this mucous pore does not appear to characterize the
animals of any particular groups of our species, for in those most nearly
allied it is absent in one and present in another, and of a well characterized
group of species, one only has been fouad to possess it. Very many of
taese animals have not yet been examined; so that, at present, it would
serve no useful purpose to use this distinction in classification.

The differences in the jaw (buccal plate) and the armature of the tongue
Cingual dentition) are employed by recent investigators for the combina-
tion of the genera of the Hclices into sub-fumilies, several of which appear
to form good natural divisions, as L/eldeelling for the thin, glabrous species
with unreflected lip. Heléeduw, on the contrary, includes a heterogenous
collection of forms, from which I would suggest that the species of Patula
should be separated, though I do not think they can possibly be correctly
associated with Vallonta and Plunospirna, Strobila and Lelicodiscus.

A close study of all that has been accomplished by Anscrican malacolo-
gists convinces me that—

1. If the sub-families proposed are properly characterized, a. @., are natu-
ral groups, it is impossible. with our present limited knowledge, to pro-
perly distribute all the species among them, and—

2. For this reason, other sub-families must remain to ise characterized ;
but—

8. If, when we obtain a knowledge of the characters of the soft parts of
the at present wnurrangeable groups of species, it does net show the exist-
ence of other sub-families then, in all probability, no sub-fumilies, as now
defined, exist.

fhe able investigators, Messrs. Binney, Bland and Morsc, wno are now
carefully and thoroughly studying the dentition of our species, will doubt-
less, in due time, arrive at results in the highest degree satisfactory to con-
chological students. Meanwhile, impressed by the unsatisfactory nature
of our own editice (equally with that erected by our predecess ors), we trust
that it will remain unquoted by future systematists.
[ 4

should first be induced to collect and name, afterwards to
arrange his collections upon the study of their habits and
affinities; and that naturalists would become ten times more
numerous were they not appalled at the outset by the m-
mensity of the subject, which afterwards proves its greatest
charm.

There are, besides, many persons whose leisure or tastes do
not permit them ever to become, strictly speaking, naturalists,
but who, nevertheless, if furnished with proper guides, would
gladly devote a few hours occasionally to the pursuit of some
branch of natural history, although they would never engage
in it to such extent as to make it a study; and we feel that
this large class of persons should be encouraged to do as
much as possible for the benefit of science by collecting the
material necessary for the researches of the educated naturalist.

*
* *

Whenever good specimens could not be readily obtained
for figuring, recourse has been had to previously published
figures, and my acknowledgments are due to the works of
Messrs. Binney, Bland, Lea and others, for the opportunity
afforded by them for completing the illustrations. Very many
of the shells are figured for the first time, as this is the first
complete monography published since that of Dr. Binney.

The large number of new species described since that period
have been ‘classified in accordance with their affinities with
those previously characterized.

At the close of the work will be found a list of American
works on terrestrial species, and also a systematic list of the
species and their principal synonyms. This has been deemed
far preferable in the present instance (being more in accordance
with the plan and purpose which I have endeavored to explain),
to the usual method of prefixing the synonymy to the descrip-
tion of each species.

GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr.

625 Market Street,
Philadelphia, July 1st, 1866.
INTRODUCTION.

*
* *

[the number of described species of terrestrial mollusca known

to inhabit within the limits of the United States is not far
from 275 species, and many of these have a geographical dis-
tribution almost co-extensive with our territorial limits. There
are, however, some peculiarly Southern and Californian groups
of more restricted distribution, while there are not wanting, in
our far Southern and South-western States, stragglers from the
peculiar faunas of Mexico and Cuba; and even a few European
species have become domesticated with us.

While aii the species discovered and described in the United
States to this date are included in the following pages, a few
Mexican species are also added, generally as illustrations of
allied forms inhabiting an adjacent country, many of which
will doubtless be detected within our boundary when our
little-known contiguous territories are more fully explored by
the naturalist. A brief account of the geographical distribu-
tion of the species and of their habits is included under the
description of each genus.

In the description of the species, for the sake of conciseness,
many characters are omitted which are common to, and have
already been used in the de&cription of any of the groups,
genera, or higher divisions in which the species is included,
and, therefore, no specific description can be regarded as en-
tirely complete in itself. It will, of course, be readily under-
stood that adult shells of perfect growth are alone selected for
these descriptions, and the same species, when immature, pre-
sents a very different aspect. Mesodon abbolabris, an animal
of which the adult is furnished with a shell having a reflected
and appressed lip and covered umbilicus, is, when young, fur-
nished with a sharp-edged lip, and the umbilicus is open. The
observer will soon, by a few comparisons, be enabled readily
to separate the mature from the young shells, as the latter
always present a peculiarly unfinished, fragile aspect.

When the ascertained geographical distribution of a specics
is extensive, we have generally indicated merely the States
forming its boundaries. Its occurrence may be presumed
within all the included region. More particular localities are
only stated when the hitherto ascertained habitat of a species
is extremely local. ;

Measurements are made in millimetres, 25 = 1 inch.

vii.
[9]
Key to the Families of Terrestrial Mollusca inhabiting the
United States.
Order PULMONIFERA.

Section AA—ADELOPNEUMONA (Inoperculata).

Includes both terrestrial and fluviatile species,
Shell without operculum.

 

Sub-order GEOPHILA.

Terrestrial shells. Head furnished with four tentaculz,
either retractile by inversion or contractile, the superior pair
with the eyes at theirsummits. Respiratory orifice closed by
a valve.

* TENTACLES RETRACTILE BY INVERSION.

+ Shell external,
¢ Shell thin, polished, translucent, lip sharp-edged.
§ Shell oblong-oval or fusiform.
Family OLEACINIDA.

The species of Oleacinide inhabit the vicinity of sea-shores
of the Southern States from South Carolina to Texas; also the
Pacific coast, but not extending so far northwards as Califor-
nia. They are all large in size, and are stragglers from the
Mexican and West Indian faunas.

$$ Shell obliquely oval, whorls very few, rapidly increas-
ing in size, the last one constituting nearly the entire
shell.

Family Succinipz.
Distribution universal,
§$$ Shell discoidal, suborbicular, turbinate or trochiform.
Family WeLIcELLIDA.

Inhabit throughout the United States, but mostly in the
Northern States east of the Rocky Mountains.

t+ Shell thicker, striate, frequently banded with colors,
lip thick-edged, or generally either with an interior
thickening caused by a marginal deposit of callus, or
else reflected outwards and uppressly flattened.

§ Shell discotdal, orbicular, turbinate or trochiform.

Family ELicip#.

istribution universal.
[ 10 ]

8$ Shell oblong or oval.

Family ORTHALICIDA,
Tropical, a few species inhabiting the Gulf States.

§§§ Shell cylindrical or pupeform.

Family Pupapa.
Distribution universal.
tt Shell internal, rudimentary, contained beneath the
amanile,
§ Shell small, flattened, not spiral. Respiratory orifice
in the posterior right margin of the mantle.
Family Limacipz.

Distributed throughout the States east of the Rocky Moun-
tains, and one species in Oregon. Most of the species are
European in origin, and only occur near the coast, especially
in the vicinity of the large commercial cities.

§$ Shell represented only by a few agglomerated calcareous
granules. Fespiratory orifice in the anterior of the
right margin of the mantle.

Family ARIonID&.

A single European species is found in seaports of the North-
ern States.

ttt Shell entirely absent. Mantle covering the entire
upper surface of the body of the animal.

Family PHILOMYCENID#.

There are two species known, which inhabit the Northern
and Middle States. ,

1 oy

** TENTACLES (AND HEAD) CONTRACTILE BENEATIT

THE MANTLE, WHICH COMPLETELY COVERS THE BODY
OF THE ANIMAL.

§ Mantle smooth, coriaceous,
Family VERONICELLIDA.
Tropical. One species only occurs in Florida.
$3 dfantle tuberculate,

Family ONCHIDIIDA.
A single species is found in Lower California.
[ 11 ]

Sub-order LIMNOPHILA.

Amphibious and fluviatile species. Head furnished with
two tentaculz, with eyes at their bases.

A few of these shells are considered terrestrial, because they
inhabit land within reach of the tides.

§ Shell oval-oblong or conoidal, mouth dentate within.
Not umbilicate.

Family AURICULIDA.

The American are all sea-shore species, except one minute
shell (Carychiwm exiguwm) which extends far inland, upon
river margins and in damp places.

 

 

Section B—PHANEROPNEUMONA (Operculata).

Shell operculate. Head furnished with two tentacule, with
eyes sessile at their bases. Respiratory orifice without a valve.

 

Sub-order EcroPpaATHALMA.

Hyes lateral, at the external bases of the tentacles. Oper-
culum spiral or concentric.

§ Shell orbicular or turbinate, whorls convex, lip con-
tinuous, reflected, umbilicus open or indented.

Family CycLoPHORIDA.
A few species inhabit the Gulf States.

$$ Shell depressed; conical, whorls but little convex, lip
not continuous, reflected, umbilicus covered by a heavy
deposit of callus.
Family HELIcINIDz.

Tropical. Several species in the Gulf States, and one found
as far north as Indiana. None in California.

 

Sub-order OPISOPTHALMA.

Eyes placed posterior to the bases of the tentacles. Oper-
culum sub-spiral.

§ Shell cylindrical, apex truncate.

Family TRUNCATELLIDZ.

Inhabiting sea-shores of Florida and California.
4
MONOGRAPII

OF THE

TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA

OF THE

United States.

Family OLEACINID, H. and A. Adams.
A single genus of this family inhabits the United States.

GLANDINA, Schumacher.

Shell oblong-oval, more or less elongated, corneous, shining;
spire elevated; body whorl attenuated a little at base, imper-
forate; columella thin, arcuated, abruptly truncated at base;
mouth long, rather narrow, lip sharp.

Animal, mouth capable of a proboscidiform protrusion,
without a jaw.

The species of Glandina present few prominent distinctive
characters, and are particularly liable to variation.in size and
form. As already mentioned, our species are southern in
distribution, and occur only upon the sea-coast or in its near
vicinity.

* Transversely striate, without revolving strie.
+ Oval, cylindrical, spire moderate.

1. Glandina truncata, Say.
Plate 1, figures 1, 2.

Ovate-fusiform, heavy, striate; spire rather elevated; apex
obtuse, suture well marked, crenulate; whorls 6-7, moderately
convex; body three-fourths the total length, sub-cylindrical ;
aperture ovate-lunate, narrow, half the total length, labium
sharp, rounded below to meet the perpendicular, truncate
columella. Fawn color tinted with rose, deeper within the
aperture.

Length 65, diam. 25 millimetres.

South Carolina to Florida. -
13
[14 ]

2. Glandina parallela, W. G. Binney.
Plate 1, figure 3.

Oval-cylindrical, very solid, with numerous delicate striz ;
spire elevated, obtuse, suture moderate; whorls 6-7, convex ;
body with straight parallel sides. White.

Length 56, diam. 20 mill.

Louisiana.

 

3. Glandina Texasiana, Pfeiffer.
Plate 1, figure 4.

Oblong, elongated, narrow, striate, shining, pellucid; spire
convexly conical, obtuse, suture pallid, minutely crenulate;
whorls 6, slightly convex ; body longer than spire, attenuated
at base; mouth half the total length, narrow, labrum flatly

‘rounded, columella perpendicular, or generally arcuate. Yel-
lowish rose color.

Length 29, diam. 105 mill.
Texas.

+

Narrower, smaller, and proportionally more solid than No. 1.

 

+t Inflated oval, spire short.
4. Glandina bullata, Gould.
Plate 1, figure 5.
Ovate, ventricose, finely striate, very thin, transparent; spire
short, obtuse, suture lightly impressed ; whorls 5, slightly con-
vex; body comprising seven-eighths of the shell; aperture two~

thirds the total Jength, lunate, labrum rounded, columella
arcuate, Very pale horn color.

Length 87, diam. 20 mill.
Louisiana.

 

** Transversely striate, decussated by revolving lines.
5. Glandina Vanuxemii, Lea.
Plate 1, figure 6.
Ovate-fusiform, thin, fragile, translucent; spire moderate,
obtuse, apex mamillary, suture crenulated; whorls 7-8, slightly

convex ; body large, convex, a little inflated ; aperture half the
length of the shell, nearly three times as long as broad, colu-
| 15]

mella strongly arched. Pale fawn color, sometimes greenish,
generally flecked with distant pale spots.
Length 70, diam. 25 mill.

Texas and Mexico.

 

6. Glandina decussata, Deshayes.
Plate 1, figure 7.

Oblong-conic, thin, shining; spire moderate, obtuse, sutures
crenulated; whorls 7-8, somewhat convex; body two-thirds
the total length, narrowly convex; aperture oblong, one-half
the total length, columella curved, covered with a light callus.
Light horn color.

‘Length 50, diam. 18 mill.
Texas, Mexico.

Narrower, more cylindrical than No. 5.

 

a
* *
Mexican species.
Not spirally striate.
7. Glandina turris, Pfeiffer.
Plate 1, figure 8.

Oblong turrited, thin, diaphanous; spire elevated, obtuse,
suture crenulate; whorls 7; body narrow, equalling three-
sevenths of the total length; aperture semi-oval, columella verti-
cal, abruptly truncate before reaching the base of the aperture.
Corneous.

Length 48, diam. 15 mill.

Mazatlan.

 

8. Glandina Albersi, Pfeiffer.
Plate 1, figure 9.

Ovate-oblong, thin, pellucid; spire moderate, conical, apex
obtuse, suture scarcely crenulate; whorls 53-6, slightly con-
vex, the last scarcely longer than the spire, attenuated at base;
“aperture sub-vertical, sinuately semi-oval, labrum slightly
arcuate, columella perpendicular. Light corneous,

Length 30, diam. 12 mill.

Mazatlan.
[ 16 ]

SUCCINID AR.
SUCCINEA, Draparnaud.

Shell obliquely ovate, imperforate, very thin, unicolored,
corneous, transparent or translucent; spire very small, body
whorl large, inflated; aperture large, oval or ovate, peristome
simple, acuite.

Animal large, with short and thick tentacles; foot broad.
Buccal plate with a posterior quadrangular projection for the
attachment of its muscles; cutting edge with one or more
projections or folds, not striate.

Semi aquatic, inhabiting low, damp ground liable to over-
flow, on the margins of bodies of water, and frequently adher-
ing to the leaves of aquatic plants. Generally, large numbers
of a species are found together—at least of those northern
species with the habits of which we are most familiarly ac-
quainted. One species, however, S. avara, is very frequently
found solitary or in pairs only, and appears to be somewhat
different in its habit, as I have frequently taken it in shady
places on high ground, far removed trom bodies of water.

There appears to be two distinct groups or sub-genera of
Succinee inhabiting North America; the first, characterized
by well-rounded whorls, is recognized by malacologists as
typical; the second, with the shell ovate, and the whorls flat-
tened above and effuse below, has received the name of Bra-
chyspira, Pfr.

Examined with a view to geographical distribution, we find
the two groups of Succinew to have their representatives in
every part of the Union, and yet, so far as we may presume to
generalize from the very insufficient data which has been col-
lected and published, the species appear to be much less dif-
fused throughout the country than those of the Helices. The
following table will give an idea of their territorial range :—

1. Inhabiting the Northern States westward to the Rocky
Mountains, extending into British America, southwards
to Virginia and Tennessee.

7, S. oblhiqua, 10, S. vermeta, 11, S. avara, 21 S. ovalis, 32,
S. aurea,
a. Confined to New England States,
1, S. Zotteniana.

b. oe to northern frontier of the United States and north-
wards.

12, S. Grenlandica, 14, S. Verilli, 22, S. Decampii, 23,
S. Migginsi.
c. Ohio.
24, S. retusa.
[17]

2. Southern Atlantic States—South Carolina to Florida.
2, S. inflata, 4, S. campestris, 6, S. efusa, 20, S. MVilsonii,
29, S. luteola.

3. South-western States—Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.
3, Si unicolor, 8, S. Greeri’, 9, S. Glrosvenorti, 27, S. Kor-
sheyt, 28, S. concortialis, 81, S. Sulleana, 33, S. Hule-

ana.

4, Pacific States — California, Oregon, British Columbia,
Nebraska, ete.
5, S. Stretehiana, 18, S. Gabbit, 15, 8. lineats, 16, 8.
M oresiana, 17, S. Oregonensis, 18, SN. rusticana, 19,
WS. Haydent, 20, S. Sillim ni, 25, S. Nuttalliana, 80,
S. Hawkinsit.

We thus find that our as yet imperfectly-known fauna ex-
hibits thirty-three well characterized species of Succinea, and
exceeds greatly those inhabiting Europe. which, in the last
edition of Pfeiffer’s Monograph, number thirteen.*

This extraordinary development of species of a single genus
of terrestrial Mollusks upon our Continent is the more remark-
able from the fact that in other terrestrial genera common to
the two Continents, our fauna is by no means so rich as that of
Europe. In Helix, Bulimus and Pupa, the species are not
nearly so numerous with us.

Several species of Suceinea inhabit Mexico, Central America
and the West India Islands, but their number is not so great
as would be expected from the considerable quantity of other
types of terrestrial Mollusks in those countries. In fact, the
paucity of these forms leads to the conclusion that the maxi-
mum development of these groups (Succinea and Brachyspira)
of the genus is within the limits ot the United States, and that
the principal species are inhabitants of the temperate zone of
America and Europe.

* It is remarkable that Pfeiffer and Albers (Helicéen, 1861) have both
failed to recognize the true characters of the two groups of Succinea in-
habiting Europe. Although their definition of Bruchysvira is sufficiintly
correct, yet they have so distributed the species as to show that they re-
garded these divisions as very arbitrary, not as natural ones. Thus, we
have almost every species of Brachyspira, European and American, placed
by these authors in their sub-genus or group Nuccinea, whereas almost
every European species is a true Brachyspira. We may instance S. Pfeif-
Feri, 8. longixcata, S. Italica, etc. S. Mumilis, 8. Baudoni, etc., may be
classed as typical Succinea.
[18]
+ Spire short, body whorl very large, inflated, well rounded,

1. Succinea Totteniana, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 1.

Obliquely ovate, thin, transparent, obsoletely striate, shin-
ing; spire very short, of scarcely three whorls; body whorl
nine-tenths of the total length and inflated oval; aperture oval,
obtusely angulate above, three-fourths the total length, peris-
tome well rounded.

Length 16, diam. 9 mill.
New England and Eastern New York. -

 

2, €uccinea inflata, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 2.

Inflated, oval, thin, spire very short, apex sub-acute, suture
impressed ; whorls 3, those of the spire not very convex; body
short-oval, seven-eighths the total length; aperture widely
ovate. Chalky white, spire inclining to brown, aperture with-
in tinged with light yellow.

Length 12, diam. 8 mill.

South Carolina and Georgia.

Ts of heavier texture and different color from S. Totteniana.
Mr. W. G. Binney considers this species doubtfully distinct
from S. Campestris. I think it is well distinguished.

 

8. Succinea unicolor, Tryon. (Nov. spec.)
Plate 2, figure 3.

Oval, inflated, very thin, translucent, finely striate; spire
very short, apex acute, suture moderately impressed; whorls
3, the last very large; aperture short-ovate, outer lip somewhat
expanded. Light corneous.

Length 8, diam. 6 mill.
New Orleans, La.

This shell, mentioned by Pfeiffer as a variety, appears to
me to be specifically distinct. Specimens exist in the magni-
ficent collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, and for others I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Bland,
of New York.
[19 ]

4. Succinea campestris, Say.
Plate 2, figure 4.

Rounded-ovate, distantly striate, shining; spire short, apex
acute; whorls 8, convex, suture impressed ; body large, ventri-
cose; aperture oval, not quite two-thirds the total length, co-
lumella indented in the middle. Yellowish white or yellowish
horn color, the strive opaque white.

Length 15, diam. 10 mill.

South Carolina to Florida.

Differs from inflata in having a somewhat longer, more con-
vex spire, and in the distant, white strie. In campestris the
aperture does not occupy‘so large a portion of the entire width
as in inflata. '

 

5. Succinea Stretchiana, Bland.
Plate 2, figure 5.

Globose-conic, thin, pellucid, shining, striatulate; spire short,
obtuse, suture well impressed; whorls 8, convex, the last in-
flated ; aperture roundly oval, columella arcuate, slightly thick-
ened. Greenish horn color.

Leneth 6°25, diam. 5 mill.

Little Valley, Washoe Co., Nevada, on the eastern slope of
the Sierra Nevada, 6500 feet above the sea.

3

 

6. Succinea effusa, Shuttleworth.
Plate 2, figure 6.

Depressed-oval, very thin, transparent, shining, slightly
striated; spire remarkably short, apex acute, body equalling
fourteen-fifteenths of the length of the shell; apertute very
large, oblique, wide, broadly rounded below, columella scarcely
rounded. Greyish horn color.

Length 11, diam. 7 mill.
Florida.

Differs from all the preceding in the minute spire and pro-
portionally very long body, the aperture being four-fifths the
total length and two-thirds of the width of the shell.

** Spire moderate, apex acute, body inflated, aperture
large, broadly oval, peristome well rounded, the superior
part not flattened,
[ 20 ]

7. Succinea obliqua, Say.
Plate 2, figure 7.

Ovate, very thin and fragile, pellucid, shining, irregularly
wrinkled or striate; spire short, minute, suture well impressed;
whorls 38, a little oblique, the last very large, expanded, ovate;
aperture large, oval, both lips equally rounded, a little angular
behind, equalling nearly three-tourths = total length. “Yel-
lowish or yellowish green.

Length 20, diam. 13 mill.
British America to Virginia, westward to Arkansas, Iowa.

 

8. Succinea Greerii, Tryon. (Nov. spec.)
Plate 2, figure 8.

Ovate, rather thick, rugose, not transparent; spire short
conical, suture moderately “impressed ; whorls 38, but slightly
oblique, well rounded, the last one a little flattened above the
periphery}; aperture ovate, three-fifths the total length, not
acute above, well rounded below; columella twisted, with a
slight callous deposit. Light yellowish or greenish horn color.

Length 15, diam. 9 mill.
Vicksburg, Miss.—Col. James Greer.

This species was recently sent to the Academy of Natural
Sciences in considerable numbers by Col James Greer. Most
of the specimens were smaller than the one figured. It appears
to be intermediate between S. obliqua, Say, and S. Grosvenori?,
Lea, differing from the former in color, texture, the contorted
and less curved columella, smaller size, and less swollen con-
tour, as well as more regular increase of the whorls; and from
the latter by its color, less convexity, more ovate aperture, &c.

 

9. Succinea Grosvenorii, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 9.

Ovate, thin, translucent, shining, distantly striate; spire
elevated, apex acute, suture well impressed; whorls 3, a little
oblique, the body large but not much inflated ; aperture broad-
lv rounded, the columella. impressed above, equalling two-
th'rls the total length. Light lemon color, ”

Length 12 , diain., 8 mill,

Alexandria, La.

Smaller than No. 8, with more elevated spire, more convex
whorls, and heavier texture.
[ 21 ]

10. Succinea vermeta, Say.
; Plate 2, figure 10.
Ovate-lengthened, very thin, fragile, translucent, wrinkled ;
spire elevated, acute, suture profoundly impressed; volutions 8,

very much rounded, oblique; aperture ovate, rounded above.
Yellowish.

Length 10, diam. 7 mill.
Northern States.
The great convexity of the whorls and very deep suture are
the distinguishing characters of this species. A large variety

of S. avara not possessing these characters has erroneously
passed among Conchologists as S. vermeta.

 

11. Succinea avara, Say.
? Plate 2, figures 11 and 12.

Ovate, thin, fragile, minutely hairy or shining, spire elevated,
acute, suture well impressed; aperture broadly oval, a little
more than half the total length. Yellowish or greyish, freauent-
ly encrusted with dirt.

Length 6, diam. 34 mill.
Northern, Middle and Western States to Nebraska.

The smallest of the northern species, readily distinguished
from No. 10 by its less scalariform volutions. In Greenland
it is replaced by the following species; in the Pacific States by
S. Oregonensis ; in the far South by S. Haleana—all species of
about equal size. A western variety sometimes attains nearly
double the dimensions quoted above.

This species frequently inhabits at a considerable distance
from water or low grounds.

Mr. Isaac Lea has described a species from Ohio under the
name of §. Wardiana, which Mr. Binney believes to be iden-
tical with S. avara, in which opinion I coincide. As Mr. Lea
has recently reasserted the specific weight of his species,* I
have had a drawing made from the type (fig. 12) of S. Ward-
tana, to afford opportunity of making comparisons, as it had
not been previously figured.

* Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1865.
[22]

12. Succinea Greenlandica, Beck.
Plate 2, figure 13.

Elongated, strongly wrinkled; spire elevated, suture well
impressed ; body very large proportionally, not inflated ; aper-
ture oval, three-fifths the total length. Covered with an
opaque, somewhat shining, horn-colored epidermis, with narrow
white lines caused by its abrasion from the elevated striz.

Length 8, diam. 52 mill.
Greenland, and Mingan Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence.

 

13. Succinea Gabbii, Tryon. (Nov. sp.)
Plate 2, figure 14.

Elongate ovate, thin, sub-pellucid, coarsely undulately stri-
ate; spire long, acute, suture deeply impressed ; whorls nearly
4, but slightly oblique, very convex, the last three-fourths of
the total length; aperture small, roundly oval, columella well
incurved. Light yellowish.

Leneth 9, diam. 5 mill.

Crooked Creek of Owyhee, 60 miles W. of boundary S. E.
Oregon. Crane Lake Valley, N. EK. Cal.—W. M. Gabb.

Larger and more convex than Grenlandica, and differently
colored. The spire is proportionally longer in this than in
the other species of the group.

 

14. Succinea Verrilli, Bland.
Plate 2, figure 15.

Ovate conic, thin, sub-pellucid, striate; spire elevated, obtuse,
apex globose suture well impressed; whorls 3, very convex,
not very oblique; aperture roundly oval, small, columella ar-
cuate with a slight callus. Orange yellow, apex reddish.

Length 7, diam. 3°5 mill.
Salt Lake, Anticosti Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Smaller than Grenlandica, of different color, and has more
distinct and regular incremental strive.
[ 23 ]

15. Succinea lineata, W. G. Binney.
Plate 2, figure 16.
Oblong ovate, irregularly wrinkled, between which are
coarse, remote, revolving lines; spire acute; whorls 8, very

convex ; aperture one-half the length of the shell, oval; colum-
ella folded.

Length 12, diam. 6 mill.
Nebraska, N. E. California, British America.

Differs from vermeta by its more oval form. The aperture
is correctly egg-shaped. It is the heaviest of American spe-
cies. The columella is not always folded, nor the revolving
lines apparent.

16. Succinea Mooresiana, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 17.

Ovate, thin, striate; spire elevated, acute; whorls 3, convex,
suture impressed; body large, not inflated; aperture widely
ovate, obtusely angled above; columella with a distinct fold.
Light yellowish-white.

Length 9, diam. 6 mill.

Platte River.

This may be only a variety of No.15. The principal differ-

ence is, that it is more depressed, the spire not so much

exserted and not so convex, and the aperture nearly two-thirds
the total length.

17. Succinea Oregonensis, Lea.
: Plate 2, figure 18.
Elongated oval, thin, diaphanous, shining, striate; spire
acute, suture well impressed; whorls 3, well rounded; body
seven-eighths and aperture two-thirds the total length; aper-

ture ovate, one-third longer than broad, columella arcuate.
Color deep orange or golden.

Length 9, diam. 6 mill.
Oregon, California.

Differs from No. 16 principally in its diaphanous texture
and dark °clor.
[24]

18. Succinea rusticana, Gould.
Plate 2, figure 19.

Elongate ovate, thin, fragile, diaphanous, irregularly striate;
spire elevated, acute, suture moderately impressed; whorls 8,
not very convex; body long, oval, not inflated; aperture nar-
rowly oval, three-fifths the entire length. Pale greenish or
yellowish.

Length 14, diam. 7 mill.
Oregon, California.

Immediately distinguished from the other species of this
section by its narrow, lengthened form. Resembling the fol-
lowing several species, but differing from them all in the
regular curve of the outer lip.

 

##% Shell ovate, spire rather elevated, apex acute, whorls
flattened, body whorl large, but not inflated, aperture an-
gulate above, labrum superiorly more or less flattened.

(BRACHYSPIRA, Pfeiffer.)

19. Succinea Haydeni, W. G. Binney.
Plate 2, figure 20.

Elongate-oval, thin, shining; spire short, acute; whorls 8,
convex, the last marked with wrinkles of growth, and irregu-
lar, heavy, spiral furrows; aperture oblique, oval, five-sevenths
the total length, the lower margin considerably expanded.
Amber colored.

Length 21, diam. 9 mill.
Nebraska and northwards.

The peristome is more flexuose than in S. ovatis, Gld., and
it is more attenuately pointed above; it also differs in having
the revolving lines, and is a larger species.

Var. minor. Length 15 mill.

 

20. Succinea Sillimani, Bland.
Plate 2, figure 21.

Oblong-ovate, thin, coarsely striate, shining; spire short,
acute, suture impressed; whorls 8, convex, much flattened
superiorly; aperture oblique, elongate oval, angular above,
effuse at base, columella slightly arcuate, with a thread-like
thickening above. White?
[ 25 ]

Length 20, diam. 85 mill.
Humboldt Lake, Nevada.

More attenuated than S. Haydeni, the last whorl less tumid,
and the aperture more narrow.

21. Succinea ovalis, Gould.
Plate 2, figure 22.

Ovate-conic, very thin, pellucid, shining, very minutely
striate, spire acute, suture slightly impressed; whorls 3, the
last compressed and elongate; aperture produced, elongated,
broadly rounded below, more than three-fourths the total
length. Light yellowish horn color.

Length 12, diam. 6 mill.

New England to Wisconsin and southwards to Maryland
and Kentucky.

22. Succinea DeCampil, Tryon. (Nov. sp.)
Plate 2, figure 23.

Ovate-conic, rather thick for the genus, translucent, finely
striate, surfacé very much polished; spire short, acute. suture
moderate; whorls 3, very oblique, narrow, flattened; aperture
narrow ovate, columella slightly incurved. Yellowish ash
color, spire golden, edge of aperture black.

Length 10, diam, 5 mill.
Marshall, Michigan. W.H. DeCamp.
Narrower, thicker and more polished than S. ovals. It also
differs in color and size. - The black-edged peritreme is re-

markable, and is present in all the adult specimens I have
examined.

23. Succinea Higginsi, Bland. (Nov. speci)
Plate 2, figure 24.

Depressed-oval, thin, peflucid, somewhat shining, pale horn
colored; spire short, obtuse, suture deep; whorls 38, convex,
the last rather depressed; columella scarcely arched, above
conspicuously plicate; aperture angularly oval, frequently
[ 26 ]

armed with a small, oblique, white tooth on the parietal wall;
peristome simple, regularly arcuate.

Length 15, diam. 7 mill.
Put-in Bay Island, Lake Erie.

Allied to 8. Salleana, Pfr. S. Haydeni, W. G. Binney, and
especiully to S. ovalis, Gould. Compared with the latter, the
last whorl} is less convex, the aperture is more angular above,
the columella less arcuate and more distinctly plicate. Three
specimens had the parietal tooth mentioned in the description.
It is the only North American species in which this tooth has
been observed.

 

24. Succinea retusa, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 25.
Ovate-oblong, thin and pellucid; spire moderate, acute;

aperture two-thirds the total length, elongate ovate, sharply
angled above, dilated and retracted below. Light yellowish.

Length 17, diam. 8 mill.
Ohio.
Very close to ovalis; rather narrower, and differs in the
aperture.

25. Succinea Nuttalliana, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 26.

Ovate conic, very thin, pellucid, shining, striate ; spire acute,
attenuate; whorls revolving very obliquely; aperture two-
thirds the total length, ovate, broadly rounded below, angled
above; columella without fold. Light horn color or greyish.

Length 15, diam. 8 mill.

Oregon, California.

Aperture slightly narrower posteriorly than ovalis. The
difference between the two is very slight, but they inhabit
different zoolog:cal regions. Nutluliiana is rather larger than
ovalis.

 

26. Succinea Wilsonii, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 27.
Elongate-oblique, striate, thin, diaphanous; spire prominent,
acute, suture well impressed; whorls 4, rather. convex, not
[ 27 J

very oblique; aperture rather large, ovate, columella slightly
incurved and contorted. Orange color.
Length 17, diam. 8 mill.

Darien, Georgia.

27. Succinea Forsheyi, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 28.

Ovate-conic, striate, thin, diaphanous; spire very short,
acute; whorls 3, rapidly increasing, not very oblique; body
whorl nearly the entire length of the shell, narrowly oval;
mouth oval, a little angled above, columella folded nearly at
the superior part of the aperture. Very light lemon color.

Length 11, diam. 6 mill.
Rutersville, Texas.

28. Succinea Concordialis, Gould.
Plate 2, figure 29.

Ovate-conie, thin, feebly decussately striate; spire acute, pro-
minent; whorls rather more than 3, very oblique, rapidly in-
creasing, the upper half of the hody whorl flatly compressed ;
aperture two-thirds the total length, acuminated above, well
rounded below; columella with greater curve than the outer
lip, slightly angled at its superior termination near the top of
the aperture; a thin callus covers the left. margin, which is
slightly detached anteriorly, forming a rudimentary umbilicus.
Pale honey yellow.

Length 12, diam. 8 mill.
; Texas, Mexico.

29. Succinea luteola, Gould.
Plate 2, figure 30.

Ovate-conic, irregularly wrinkled, somewhat thickened ; spire
moderate, apex acute; whorls 4, those of the spire well round-
ed; upper half of body obliquely flattened; aperture ovate,
over half the total length, columella not folded. Pale yellow-
ish or drab to white, apex and interior deeper yellow.
pees

Length 12, diam. 6 mill.
Florida.

>
Differs from other shells of same size and proportion in its
heavier texture.

80. Succinea Hawkinsii, Baird.
Plate 2, figure 31. =

Very narrow, sub-cylindrical, thin, rugosely striate; spire
very short, apex mamillary; whorls 24, suture not impressed ;
body very long and narrow, the sides flattened, sub-parallel ;
aperture narrow ovate, two-thirds the total length, viewed
from the base exhibiting the interior of the whorl to the
apex, columella slightly folded above, with a callous deposit.
Covered with a rather opaque dark yellow or orange epider
mis. °

Length 12, diam. 5 mill.

Washington Territory, British Columbia.

No other American species has the peculiar narrow form,
fragile substance and opaque epidermis of the above.

 

31. Succinea Salleana, Pfeiffer.
Plate 2, figure 32.

Depressed ovate, somewhat wedge-shaped, very thin, striate,
with impressed irregular revolving striz ; spire very short, not
elevated above the general outline of the shell, apex papillary;
whorls 23, very much obliquely flattened abote, broadly
rounded below; aperture seven-cighths the entire length of
the shell, pear-shaped, sharply angled above, columella with-
out fold, not so well rounded as the labrum. Light corneous.

Length 16, diam. 8 mill.
New Orleans.

The narrow wedge-shaped form of this species, together with
the spire almost minute and the very long aperture, will amply
serve to distinguish it from the others.
| 29 ]

32. Succinea aurea, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 33.

Very small, elongated oval, very thin, transparent; spire
short; whorls 3, a little tabulated posteriorly, suture deeply
impressed ; aperture narrow-ovate, acutely angled above; co-
lumella slightly folded. Amber color.

Length 8, diam. 4 mill.
Ohio, Niagara Falls.

Same size as 8. avara, Say, but narrower, more polished and
pellucid, and darker color,

33. Succinea Haleana, Lea.
Plate 2, figure 34.

Oval, niinutely striate; whorls 24, apex mamillary, suture
deeply impressed; body whorl a little flattened around the
superior part; aperture widely oval, angled above, columella
medially folded, with a slight deposit of callus. Light honey
yellow.

Length 5, diam, 3 mill.
Alexandria, La. '

Very close to avara; the whorls are not so convex, nor the
spire so prominent, and the body is proportionally longer.
Avara does not extend nearly so far southward.

 

*
x *

Mexican Species.

34. Succinea cingulata, Forbes.
Plate 2, figure 35.
Oblong-ovate, slightly oblique, striate, shining; spire well
developed, suture impressed; whorls 4; aperture large, oval,

columella at the base receding to the left. Brownish-yellow,
with ohsolete spiral white lines.
Length 12, diam. 6 mill.
Mazatlan?
[ 30 J
HELICELLIDA.

Shell discoidal, orbicular or trochiform, corneous, thin, pol-
ished, sometimes transversely striate, translucent or transpa-
rent, lip sharp (not reflected outwards, nor internally thick-
ened); aperture without proper marginal teeth, but sometimes
with internal lamine not reaching to the edge.

Animal long and narrow. Buccal plate thin, crescentic,
with an elevation in the middle of the cutting edge, side
slightly striate in the centre, or all over.

Lingual dentition—Uneini long and neal, tridentate, late-
rals long, narrow, curved, bidentate. —

Sub-families.

Virrinins. Shell depressed, very fragile, consisting of
about three whorls, the last extremely enlarged; mouth very

oblique and large, extending to the centre of the base of the
shell.

Animal too large for complete retraction within the shell.

Some of the species of Vitrina, as well as Helix, have a
caudal mucous gland, and would, therefore, in accordance
with the views of Gray and others, be placed in another fam-
ily. We are at present compelled to consider the gland as of
no importance whatever in classification, or else to construct an
exceedingly artificial and unnatural system.

HELIcELLINAE. Shell thin, glabrous, translucent or transpa-
rent, polished, globosely depressed; mouth not dentate. Um-
bilicus generally nartowly perforate. Umbilical region im-

ressed.

Lingual dentition—As in Vitrinine.
Differs from Vitrinine in the moderate aperture and im-
pressed umbilical region, from Gastrodontine in being more

depressed, and not impressed striate, and from Patulinz in the
absence of opaque color, or ribs.

Gastropontin.4.* Shell thin, translucent, striate or ribbed,
generally depressed conical, frequently lamellately toothed.

Lingual dentition.—Generally as in the above, sometimes
the laterals are square, bidentate.

Distinguished from all the others by conical shape, from
Patuline, also, by its narrow umbilicus, and diaphanous tex-
ture.

* This and the following Sub-family are not proposed with any intention
but to facilitate the determination of species. The Sub-family Valloning
of Mr. Morse, in tts presnt limits, we cannot adopt.
[ 81 |

Patutinz, Shell moderately thick, translucent to opaque,
epidermis epaquely colored, sometimes banded or striped in
the large species, striate or ribbed, discoidal, planospiral, or
spire a little globosely elevated. Umbilicus wide. Mouth
not toothed, (lamellately toothed in one species only.

Lingual dentition—Uncini bidentate, laterals either long or
square, bidentate or tridentate.

VITRININ A.

Genera.

1. Virrina, Drap. Shell very thin, polished, transparent,
small, consisting of two or three depressed whorls, ra-
pidly increasing. Aperture very large, oblique, lunate.
Columellar margin a little inflated. Axis imperforate.
Nearly covering the contracted animal.

2. BINNEYA, Cooper. Shell ear-shaped, nearly flat, whorls
two, last whorl enormously expanded. One-third as
long as the animal, which it does not halt cover when
contracted.

Much more depressed, with a larger proportionate aperture
than Vitrina.

 

VITRINA, Drap.
1. Vitrina limpida, Gould.
Plate 3, figure 1.

Globosely: depressed, whorls 2%, scarcely convex, suture
very slightly canaliculate; plane of aperture very oblique. Co-
lorless. :

Diam. 6 mill.
Maine to Michigan, and Northward.

2. Vitrina Angelic, Beck.
Plate 3, figure 2.
Globosely depressed, whorls 3}, suture crenulated, spire

small, somewhat prominent; aperture lunately oval, oblique.
Color greenish-yellow.

Diam. 6, height, 3°5 mill.
Greenland.

More globose, with one more whorl and more prominent
spire than No. 1.
[ 82 ]

‘ 3. Vitrina Pfeifferii, Newcomb.
Plate 3, figure 8.

Globosely depressed, whorls 3; suture very finely margined;
aperture large, oblique, roundly ovate; lip thin, columella
arched.

Diam. 5, height 2 mill.

Carson Valley, Cal.

V. limpida is smaller, with only 24 whorls, and thinner. V.
Angelic is more globose, with more prominent spire.

 

BINNEY A, Cooper.

1. Binneya notabilis, Cooper.
Plate 3, fig. 4.
Depressed, smooth and shining, epidermis extending be-
yond margin of aperture, translucent when young, but opaque-

ly thickened when old. Nuclear whorl with about thirty
delicate transverse ribs. Pale brown.

Diam. 12, height 3 mill.
Santa Barbara I., Cal.

HELICELLINA.

Genera.

1. Macrocycris, Beck. Shell moderate, widely umbilicate,
planorboid, striate; whorls 4-5, the last wide, descend-
ing and flattened above at the aperture.

2. Hyauina, Ferussac. Shell moderate or small, globosely
depressed, moderately umbilicated or perforated, or
umbilicus closed, but impressed; whorls 4-6, vitreous,
shining, regularly increasing, not angled at the pe-
riphery, nor flatly depressed at the aperture.

 

MACROCYCLIS, Beck.
1. Macrocyclis Newberryana, W. G. Binney.
Plate 3, figure 5.

Large, whorls 6, first ones flattened, but ultimate one con-
vex, beneath convex; reddish-brown, striate, decussated by
[ 83 ]

fine spiral lines; spire depressed, suture deeply impressed ;
umbilicus wide and deep, lip margins connected by a callus
on the body.
Diam. 37, height 13 mill.
San Diego, Cal.
Differs from all others of the group in its large size, and

color. The decussated surface, large umbilicus and rounded
lip distinguish it from . Vancowverensis, Lea.

 

2. Macrocyclis Vancouverensis, Lea.
Plate 3, figure 6.

Large, whorls 5, the superior part of the last one flattened
upon approaching the aperture, rounded beneath; bright yel-
lowish-green, shining, roughly striate, with very slight revolv-
ing lines, suture moderate, umbilicus of moderate width and
deep.

Diam. 30 mill.

Oregon and Washington Territory.

 

8. Macrocyclis sportella, Gould.
Plate 3, figure 7.

_ Medium size, whorls 5, the superior part of the last one flat-
tened upon approaching the aperture, rounded below; very
light apple-green, dull, very closely and sharply striate, reticu-
lated by slight, revolving lines; suture moderate, umbilicus
moderate and deep.

Diam. 18 mill.
Oregon, California.
With same number of whorls, is much smaller than No. 2,
and more sharply striate. Messrs. Binney and Bland consider

the two identical, but the differences are permanent in many
specimens before me.

 

4, Macrocyclis concava, Say.
Plate 3, figure 8.
Medium, whorls 5, superior part of last one flattened towards
the mouth, well rounded beneath ; light-horn color or greenish,

but almost white; slightly striate, suture well impressed, um-
bilicus rather wide and deep.
[ 84 ]

Diam. generally 12 to 15 miil.
Maine to Iowa, southwards to Georgia and Mississippi.
Lighter in color, and much smoother than sportella,

 

5. Macrocyclis Voyana, Newcomb.
Plate 3, figure 9.

Small, depressed; whorls 5, convex, the last declining to-
wards the aperture and somewhat flattened or concave above,
striate; aperture sinuate above, the lip slightly expanded, its
extremities joined by a callus on the body-whorl;. below
broadly umbilicate. Pale horn-color,

Diam, 12°5 mill.
Canyon Creek, Trinity Co., California.

Smaller, darker colored and of more rugged aspect than the
other Californian species; it may also be distinguished by the
much greater sinuosity of the upper part of the lip.

 

6. Macrocyclis Elliotti, Redfield.
Plate 3, figure 10.

Whorls 5, depressed, conic or slanting above, suture mode-
rate, striate, polished, well rounded beneath; umbilicus nar-
row, deep, aperture very oblique, wide; light greenish-yellow.

Diam. $, height 4 mill.
North Carolina to Georgia.

 

HYALINA, Ferussac.
1. Axis deeply indented at base but not perforate.
1. Hyalina indentata, Say.
, Plate 3, figure 11.
Whaorls 4, flattened, thin, pellucid, polished, corneous, rapid-
ly enlarging; aperture rather large, transverse, the peristome

reaching below to the centre of the base of the shell, which is
well impresed, but imperforate.

Diameter 5 mill.

From Canada to Florida, and westward to Michigan and
Texas.
[ 85 ]

2. Perforate or umbilicate.
* Very globose.
2. Hyalina friabilis, Wm. G. Binney.
Plate 3, fig. 12.

Whorls 5, rapidly increasing; shell very globose, thin, pol-
ished, faintly striate, suture scarcely impressed ; aperture sub-
circular, sharp lipped, very slightly thickened at base, and a
little reflected over the narrow, deep umbilicus; shell very
convex below. Color light horn to reddish.

Diameter 20 to 25, alt. 12 to 15 mill.
South Indiana and Illinois, Arkansas, Alabama, Texas.

 

** Globosely depressed.
(Subgenus OMPHALINA, Rafinesque, W. G. Binney.)
+ Closely striate above, smooth beneath.
Diam, = 20 mill.
3, Hyalina levigata, Pfeiffer.
Plate 3, fig. 13.

Whorls 5, yellowish or fulvous, very closely and regularly
striate above, smooth and shining beneath; last whorl ex-
panding towards the aperture, which is rounded lunular; lip
simple, slightly reflected around the moderate umbilicus, and
much thickened within at base.

Diam. 20 mill.

Ohio, Indiana, and southwards to Florida, Mississippi and
Arkansas.

+t Smooth, or coarsely, irregularly striate.
Diam, = 25—35 mill.
4, Hyalina lucubrata, Say.
Plate 3, figure 14.

Depressed, sub-globose; whorls more than 4, much wrin-
kled, sub-translucent, reddish-brown, polished, beneath paler;
umbilicus rather large; aperture nearly orbicular.

Diam. 26, height 12 mill.

Mexico.

Differs in color and in being more depressed and more coarse-
ly striate, from levigata, Pfr.
[ 86 ]

5, Hyalina caduca, Pfeiffer.
Plate 3, figure 15.

Depressed-globose; whorls 5, rapidly increasing, striate,
polished, light yellowish with a tinge of green; aperture sub-
rotund, umbilicus moderate.

Diam. 25, height 13 mill.
Texas, Mexico.:

Lighter colored than H. lucubrata, but doubtfully distinct
from it.

 

6. Hyalina fuliginosa, Griffith.
Plate 3, figure 16.

Depressed globose; whorls 43, rapidly increasing, with
irregular oblique wrinkles, smooth, shining, suture slightly
impressed; aperture transversely subrotund, terminations of
margin approaching; umbilicus moderate. Color dark horn
or chestnut.

Diam. 25 mill.

Western part of the Atlantic States, Western and Southern
States.

Approaches H. lxvigata, but is smoother, more polished,
more depressed, umbilicus larger, aperture more rounded.
Differs in color from A. caduca and H. lucubrata.

 

7. Hyalina kopnodes, Wm. G. Binney.
Plate 4, figure 21.

Depressed globose, wrinkled, below smooth, suture mode-
rate; whorls 5, rapidly increasing, sometimes with revolving
lines; aperture large, ends of margin approaching; umbilicus
small and deep.

Diam. 35, height 18 mill.
; Alabama.

Larger than its allies, lighter in color, more depressed, and of
heavy texture.
ae
#2% Shell much depressed.
ttt Diam. = 12—16 mill.

8. Hyalina’sculptilis, Bland.
Plate 3, figure 18. .
Depressed orbicular, subpellucid, pale horn color above,
lighter beneath, regularly striate above and below; whorls 7,
planulate, the last rapidly increasing; umbilicus scarcely per-
forated and almost covered by a reflection of the lip.

Diam. 124, height 5 mill.
Western North Carolina.

In its depressed form, small size, nearly closed umbilicus
and number of whorls, this species is very distinct from any
other of the group. The impressed strize are close and regular.

9. Hyalina cellaria, Miiller.
: Plate 3, figure 19.
Much depressed, whorls 5, fragile, polished, very light-
greenish above, more thickened and becoming lighter colored
below; aperture transverse; umbilicus small and deep.

Diam. 10—12 mill.

Eastern and Middle States near the coast. (Introduced from
Europe.)

 

10. Hyalina inornata, Say.
Plate 4, figure 22. /
Depressed, perforate, smooth, shining, whorls 5, light yel-
lowish horn color, suture moderately impressed; aperture
transversely lunar, with a white testaceous internal deposit ;
lip reaching to the centre beneath; base flattened.

Diam. 16 mill.

Massachusetts to Virginia, and westwards to Iowa, Michigan
and Kentucky.

Larger than H. cellaria, but with a much smaller umbilicus,
being a mere perforation.
[ 38 ]

11. Hyalina subplana, Binney.
Plate 4, figure 23.

Whorls 5}, planulate above and below, brownish, shining,
striated near the apex, suture not much impressed; aperture
transverse, without calcareous deposit within; umbilical re-
gion but slightly impressed, umbilicus very narrow.

Diam. 18 mill.
East Tennessee to Western Pennsylvania.

Differs from H. cellaria in having a narrower umbilicus,
and from both that and H. inornata in the absence of a cal-
careous deposit on the interior of the aperture at the base; it
is darker colored, larger, and has more whorls than either of
them, and is more regularly flattened. .

+ttt Shell small, diameter not exceeding 6 mill, umbilicus gene-
rally narrow and deep.

12. Hyalina Breweri, Newcomb.
Plate 4, figure 27.

Discoidal, pale corneous, shining, transparent, suture slightly
channeled, broadly umbilicate; whorls 5; aperture lunate,
lip thin, simple.

Diam. 5 mill. altitude 2.5 mill.
Lake Taho, California.

Less elevated, more polished, lighter colored, and more
openly umbilicate than H. arborea.

13. Hyalina nitida, Miiller.
Plate 4, figure 24.

Whorls 43, depressed, conically sloping above, with well
marked suture, convex below; umbilicus moderate, but deep;
aperture well rounded. Amber colored.

Diam. 6, altitude 3 mill.

New York to Ohio, and northwards to Great Slave Lake.

More conical and rather larger than H. arborea This spe-

cies was first detected by Dr. Ingalls at Greenwich, New
York, who called it H. hydrophila. It was subsequently
[ 39 J

ascertained to be one of the few European species common
to both continents. It has been known among American
conchologists, until recently, as H. lucida, Drap., which is,
however, a synonym of H, nitida, Mill.

 

14. Hyalina arborea, Say.
Plate 8, figure 17.

Whorls 43, regularly and moderately increasing, depressed
turbinate, thin, amber colored, smooth, shining; lip slightly
flexuose ; umbilicus moderate and deep.

Diam. 5—6 mill.

Georgia and northwards beyond Canada ; westwards to the
Rocky Mountains; Los Angelos Co., California:

15. Hyalina electrina, Gould.
Plate 4, figure 25.

Whorls 8}, depressed, pale, shining, the last rapidly en-
larging towards the mouth; umbilicus very small, deep ; lip
not flexuous.

Diam. 4 mill.
Maine to Georgia, and westwards to Iowa.

Differs from H. arborea in its pale color, more depressed,
smaller, fewer whorls, and their more rapid increase, and very
narrow umbilicus.

16. Hyalina ottonis, Pfeiffer.
Plate 4, figure 26.

Orbicularly depressed ; whorls 4, very light colored, nearly
white, suture narrow, periphery angular; superior surface of

whorls obliquely declining, inferior well rounded ; umbilicus
narrow and deep.

Diam. 5, altitude 2°5 mill.
Florida and West Indies.

Much lighter colored and smaller than H. arborea, also
angled at the periphery and not so widely umbilicate.
[ 40 ]

17. Hyalina vortex, Pfeiffer.
Plate 4, figure 28.
Very much depressed above, almost planorboid, suture
deeply impressed, white, shining; whorls 5, convex beneath ;

umbilicus narrow and deep..
Diam. 5 mill.

~ Florida and Cuba.

, Has one more whorl, and is more depressed than the other
species, also lighter in color.

18. Hyalina capsella, Gould.
Plate 3, figure 20.

Whorls 63, planorboid, closely revolving, glistening; am-
ber colored, with distant strie; aperture narrow, semilunar,
extending to the centre of the base, which is minutely per-
forate.

Diam. 5, altitude 2°5 mill.
East Tennessee.

ttttt Shell minute, not exceeding 8 mill.

19. Hyalina Binneyana, Morse.
; Plate 4, figure 31.

Whorls 4, spire slightly elevated, pellucid, nearly colorless;
aperture well rounded ; umbilicus moderate.

Diam. 3, height 14 mill.

Maine.

Differs from H. minuscula in having the spire a little ele-
vated, and from H. electrina in being smaller and not increas-
ing the whorls so rapidly. If Hyalina is not adopted as a

enus, We suggest the name Helix Morsed for this species, as
ayant is pre-occupied in that genus.
[ 41 ]

20. Hyalina ferrea, Morse.
Plate 4, figure 32.

Whorls 8, not shining, steel grey; last whorl rapidly en-
larging; aperture very large, well rounded; spire slightly
elevated, suture distinct, deeply channeled near the apex;
umbilicus small and abrupt, exhibiting all the volutions;
periostraca minutely marked with fine revolving lines.

Diam. 2°5, height 1:25 mill.

Maine.

Distinguished from H. electrina by having fewer whorls
and being smaller in size, also in having a larger umbilicus
and revolving striz.

*
Mexican Species.
Hyalina bilineata, Pfeiffer.
Plate 4, figure 30.
Whorls 5, shining, light horn color, with a narrow brown
band above the periphery and another below the suture; spire

slightly elevated, suture not much impressed; umbilicus nar-
row.

Diam. 15, height 7 mill.

Hyalina zonites, Pfeiffer.
Plate 4, figure 29.

Whorls 6, closely and roughly striate, shining, light horn
color, with a narrow, brown band revolving above the peri-
phery, and scarcely concealed above by the spire; spire some-
what elevated, suture distinct; base with the striz not half so
numerous, dnd much more polished; umbilicus moderate.

Diam. 25, height 12:5 mill.
[ 42 ]
GASTRODONTIN.

Gene~a.
* Not dentate.

1. MesompHix, Rafinesque. Shell moderate in size, um-
bilicate or perforate ; aperture obliquely semilunar.

2. Convtus, Fitzinger. Shell minutely conical, imperfo-
rate or perforate; aperture depressed transverse, its
lower margin extending to the basal axis of the shell.

*% Lamellarly dentute.
+ Outer whorl dentate.

8. GasTRoponTa, Albers. Sheil minute, with one or more
Jamin revolving within the base. Surface nearly
smooth, polished.

++ Outer whorl and columella both dentate.

4, SrropiLa, Morse. Shell minute, with lamine both on
the base and the columella. Surface strongly striate.

MESOMPHIX, Raf.
a. Diam. = 10—15 mill.

1. Mesomphix intertexta, Binney.
Plate 4, figure 33.

Subglobose, whorls 6—7, closely striated, sometimes with
very faint revolving lines, yellowish horn color, slightly
angled, and sometimes with a light and beneath it an ill-de-
fined brown band at the periphery. Very convex below.
Aperture ob'ique, narrow lunate, base of shell thickened by
a calcareous deposit. within ; umbilicus small.

Diam. 19 mill.

Western New York to Georgia, and westward to Missouri
and Iowa.

Larger than the next, and not quite so conical; the slightly
angled periphery and bands of color, when present, offer dis-
tinctive characters. .The shell is also thicker and not so pel-
lucid, and frequently exhibits spiral lines, not visible on digera.
[ 43 ]

2. Mesomphix ligera, Say.
Plate 4, figure 34,

Subglobose, elevated, obtuse, yellowish horn color, translu-
cent, shining, whorls 6—7, closely striated ; aperture obliquely
narrowly semilunar, shell thickened within at the base; um-
pilicus narrow, sometimes closed.

Diam. 12—15 mill.

All the Middle.and Western States.

See the distinctive characters under A. intertexta.

3. Mesomphix demissa, Binney.
Plate 4, figure 35.

Depressed convex, whorls 6, shining, yellowish horn-color,
thickly, but not coarsely, striate, base rather flattened, umbil-
icus very small; aperture very oblique, almost transversely
compressed-lunate, base of shell thickened within.

Diam. 10—12 mill.

Western Pennsylvania; fossil in Alabama and Texas.

Much more depressed, more solid, and usually smaller than
EH. ligera.

b. Diam —6—7 mill.

- 4, Mesomphix cerinoidea, Anthony.
Plate 4, figure 36.

Sub-globose, whorls 6, shining, yellowish horn-color, almost
smooth, convex below, umbilicus very narrow; aperture semi-
lunar, somewhat oblique, base of shell slightly thickened within.

Diam. 6—7 mill.

North Carolina.

Smootber and more depressed, but otherwise a miniature
. edition of I. ligera.
[44]

CONULUS, Fitz.
a, Diam=24—3 mill.
1. Conulus chersina, Say.
Plate 4, figure 37.

Whorls 5—6, convex, sub-conical, thin, pellucid, smooth,
shining, amber-colored, suture well impressed; aperture nar-
rowly transverse, base convex, indented around the closed
umbilicus. 7

Diam. 23, height 2 mill.

The whole country westward to Rocky Mountains; San
Gorgonio Pass, Los Angelos Co., California.

This shell is not the C. fulva, of Europe, with which it has
been confounded; the differences pointed out by Mr. Morse, in
his “Shells of Maine,” appear to be constant.

2. Conulus Fabricii, Beck.
Plate 4, figure 38.

Whorls 6, convex, sub-conical, apex rather acute, suture
profound; whorls striate, narrow, last whorl wider, base con-
vex, Impressed at the axis, which is nearly imperforate; aper-
ture transversely lunar; color fulvous, pellueid.

Greenland.

Scarcely distinguished from No. 1 by the sub-perforate
umbilicus.

3. Conulus Gundlachi, Pfeiffer.
Plate 4, figure 64.

Turbimate, shining, fulvous; whorls 5, convex, the last sub-
planulate at base, excavated around the perforation, faintly
marked with revolving lines; aperture depressed lunar.

Diam. 24, height 13 mill.
Florida, Cuba.

More depressed than No. 2. Differs from No. 1 in the per-
forate axis.
[45 ]

6, Diam=1} mill.
4, Conulus minutissima, Lea.
Plate 4, figure 68.

Globosely turbinate, above obtusely elevated, below con-
vex, fuscous, minutely striate; whorls 4; aperture transverse-
ly lunar, umbilicated.

Diam. 14, height 1 mill.

Maine to Pennsylvania, Ohio.

Distinguished by its small size, striate surface, and well de-
veloped umbilical opening.

Mr. Morse has distinguished this species as the genus Pune-

tum, (sub-family Punctine,) from the peculiar conformation of
the buccal plate, which is divided into sixteen distinct pieces.

This is the smallest of our species.

t

GASTRODONTA, Albers. «

1. Gastrodonta gularis, Say.
Plate 4, figure 39.

Sub-conical, shining, yellowish horn-color, translucent;
whorls 7—8, striate; suture moderately impressed, aperture
transverse, rather narrow, margin sharp, extending beneath to
the centre of the base, which is barely perforate or closed ;
within thickened at the base by a callus deposit, and having
two parallel lamellar teeth, extending nearly to the basal mar-
gin of the lip.

Diam. 7—9, height 5—7 mill.
East Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama.
Sometimes one tooth is wanting.

 

2. Gastrodonta lasmodon, Phillips.
Plate 4, figure 40.

Depressed orbicular. shining, corneous. translucent; whorls
7, narrow, very slowly increasing, minutely striate, suture
moderately marked; aperture nearly circular, laminal teeth
upon the internal base of the lip ; umbilicus large and deep.

Diam. 6, height 3 mill.
East Tennessee, North Alabama.

Much more depressed than the other species. Is smaller
than No, 1, and differs from it in the large umbilicus.
[ 46 ]

3. Gastrodonta suppressa, Say.
Plate 4, figure 41.

Convexly depressed, thin, spire flattened, shining, pellucid ;
whorls 6, slowly increasing, minutely striate above, beneath
more flattened and smooth, suture moderately marked; aper-
ture transversely semi-circular, callously thickened within at

the hase, with two parallel lamelle; umbilicus merely perfo-
rated, sometimes covered.

Diam. 6, height 4 mill.
Middle States and Ohio.

Has one whorl less and is more depressed and smaller than
No. 1; sometimes there are three instead of two teeth.

4. Gastrodonta interna, Say.
Plate 4, figure 42.

Convexly orbicular, reddish-brown, shining, covered above

ith close, rounded, very distinct ribs, beneath smooth; whorls
8, narrow, very slowly increasing, suture deeply impressed,
periphery slightly angled; aperture transverse, narrow, within
thickened, especially at base, with two short lamellee near the
outer portion of the basal margin; margin extending to the axis
beneath, which is sometimes narrowly perforate, but frequently
closed.

Diam. 6, height 4 mill!

West Pennsylvania to Georgia, and westwards to Missouri.

5. Gastrodonta multidentata, Binney.
Plate 4, figure 43.

Depressed, thin, yellowish horn-color, smooth, shining, pel-
lucid; whorls 6, slowly increasing, suture impressed ; aperture
transverse, narrow, lip extending to the perforated axis, base
convex, thickened within the aperture, through which may be
seen two to four rows of 5 or 6 teeth each, radiating from the
axis towards the circumference, upon the base of the outer
whorl; tecth situated far within, and last row not usually vis1-
ble from the aperture.

Diam. 8, height 1} mill.
Green Mountains, Vermont, North-east New York, Maine.
Readily distinguished by the teeth and size of the shell.
[ 47 }

STROBILA, Morse.

1. Strobila labyrinthica, Say.
+ Plate 4, figure 44.

Obtuse-conic, brownish; whorls 6, heavily ribbed above,
more slightly so beneath, suture well impressed, lip thickened,
somewhat reflected, with two revolving laminze upon the base,
not visible from the aperture, but seen through the shell. Upon
the body are three revolving lamine, and on the columella
another. Base flattened, umbilicus small, impressed.

Diam. 24, height 24 mill.

Maine to Maryland, Mississippi, Texas, Arkansas, Western
States. ¢

_—— °

2. Strobila Hubbardi, Brown.
Plate 4, figure 45.

4

Depressed, thin, striated above, smooth beneath, brownish,
thin; whorls 5, with two parietal revolving lamine, and two
more far within on the outer whorl; umbilicus rather wide,
lip slightly reflected.

Diam. 2}, height 1} mill.
” Indianola, Texas.

May be distinguished from No. 1 by the teeth being more
depressed and having a large umbilicus.

 

 

PATULIN/.

Genera.

1. Aneuispira, Morse. Shell heavy, large, depressed-tuy-
binate, solid, ribbed-striate, banded or striped; umbilicus
moderate; aperture not toothed.

2. Patuna, Hald. Shell moderate, rather heavy, discoidal,
a little convex above, concave below, ribbed-striate,
unicolored ; umbilicus very wide but shallow, exhibiting
all the volutions.

8. Phanocyra, Morse. Shell minute, perfectly flat above,
umbilicus moderate; whorls very convex, the last one
crossed by from 20 to 25 sharp raised ribs. Unicolored.

4, Heticopiscus, Morse. Shell minute, planorboid; whorls
equally visible above and below, revolving on the same
plane, externally with revolving striz; aperture lamel-
larly toothed within the outer lip. Unicolored.
[ 48 ]

5. Psrupouyatina, Morse. Shell minute, discoidal, slight-
ly convex above, unicolored, closely striate or ribbed;
umbilicus large.

Distinguished from Patula by the minute size and more
moderate umbilicus.

ANGUISPIRA, Morse.

a. Not carinate, sometimes slightly angulate on the periphery.
1. Anguispira solitaria, Say.
Plate 4, figure 46.

Globose, thick, coarsely striate; spire turbinately elevated,
apex obtuse, suture distinctly impressed; whorls 6, well
rounded; body large, weil rounded, beneath very convex;
aperture sub-circular, the extremities of the lip approaching
upon the body; umbilicus large, deep, exhibiting all the volu-
tions. Dark corneous, with (generally two) rufous revolving
bands; sometimes nearly white and without bands.

Diam. 25, height 16 mill.
Ohio to Nebraska, and south to Ohio River.

2. Anguispira Idahoensis, Newcomb.
Plate 4, figure 54.

Turbinately conic, ashy horn-color; apex obtuse; whorls
5, very convex, the first nearly smooth, the others strongly
transversely ribbed, ribs on last whorl numbering 20—26;
aperture circular, very oblique; deeply and moderately um
bilicate.

Diam. 18, altitude 11 mill.
Idaho Territory.

Distinguished from all the other species by its more conical
form, and sharp, distinct, distant ribs.

 

3. Anguispira Cooperii, W. G. Binney.
Plate 4, figure 52.

Globosely elevated, solid, obliquely roughly striated, inter-
sected by delicate, spiral lines; spire elevated, obtuse, suture
deeply impressed; whorls 5, convex; body very convex, de-
flected at the aperture ; aperture very oblique, circular, extrem
[ #9 ]

ities of margin nearly joining, connected by a heavy callus;
umbilicus moderate, deep. White variously marked with a
sinzle narrow, brown band, or two bands, or broader longitu-
dinal and spiral patches.

Diam, 15—25, height 9—12 mill.

Nebraska, Washington Territory.

Smaller than No. 1, with rougher stride, and revolving lines ;

the umbilicus is also proportionally smaller. In some speci-

mens the spire is more flattened. :

4, Anguispira alternata, Say.
Plate 4, figure 47.

Convex, more or less elevated, obliquely closely ridge-striated ;
spire slightly or considerably elevated, suture well marked;
whorls 6, moderately increasing, not very convex; body mode-
rate, very convex beneath, often slightly angled at the periph-
ery; aperture #ths circular, oblique; umbilicus large and deep,
exhibiting the volutions. Light corneous, variegated by ob-
lique irregular brown stripes or spots above and below.

Diam. 20-25, height 8-10 mill.
Whole country eastward of Rocky Mountains.
Varies considerably in ornamentation, convexity of the
upper surface, and prominence of the rib-like strie.
Var. Fergusonii, Bland. Smooth, never carinated.
Diam. 15, height 6 mill.
New York, New Jersey.
Var. alba, Tryon. Perfectly colorless.
Maine, (Morse.) Michigan, (Currier.)

b. Curinate.

5. Anguispira strigosa, Gould.
Plate 4, fig. 49.

Depressed orbicular, thick, striate; spire not much elevated,
flattened, suture impressed; whorls 5; body moderately large,
angulate at periphery, strongly deflected at aperture; aperture
obliquely circular, lip very nearly continuous; umbilicus
wide and deep. Ash-grey to brown, with generally a faint
medial band, and numerous bands beneath it.

Diam. 20-25, height 10-12 mill.
Washington Territory, Oregon, Nebraska, N. Mexico.
[ 50 |

6. Anguispira Cumberlandiana, Lea.
Plate 4, figure 48.

Lenticular, acutely carinated, thin, coarsely ribbed, striate;
spire convex, much depressed, suture not prominent; whorls
5, slowly increasing, margined by a carina; aperture some-
what rhomboidal; umbilicus broad and deep. Pale yellowish
or ash-color, with irregular transverse brown blotches.

Diam. 18-18, height 5-6 mill. :
E. Tennessee.

Very close in color and striation to allernata, but differs en-
tirely in its very depressed, lenticular form and very acute
carina.

 

PATULA, Held.

1. Patula perspectiva, Say.
Plate 4, figure 50.

Nearly discoidal, slightly convex above, and concave be-
low, strongly striate; whorls 6, suture deeply impressed; aper-
ture small, 3ths rounded, generally in adult shells with a very
slight tubular thickening (scarcely a tooth) within the base;
umbilicus very wide, cup-shaped, shallow, exhibiting all the
volutions. Corneous, reddish-brown.

Diam. 9, beight 3 mill.

W. New York to N. Georgia, westward to Arkansas and
Michigan.

The éooth described by Binney appears to be an imperfectly
developed fulcrum.

2. Patula striatella, Anth.
Plate 4, figure 51.

Depressed convex, nearly discoidal; whorls less than 4, with
delicate oblique striz; suture distinct; aperture rounded,
transverse; umbilicus very large, shallow. Light horn-color.

Diam. 5, height 2} mill.

Maine to Great Slave Lake, B. A., southwards through W.
New York and Pennsylvania to Ohio River, and westward to
Kansas; District of Columbia.

Much smaller, with fewer whorls, and more elevated than
No.1. In the New England States it entirely replaces &.
perspecttva.
P51 |

3. Patula Durantii, Newcomb.
Plate 4, figure 58.

Depressed, discoidal, opaque, very minutely striated: spire
not at all elevated, perfectly plane above; whorls 4, the last
shelving; suture linear; aperture rounded, lunate, ends of lip
margin approaching; broadly and perspectively umbilicated.
Pale corneous.

Diam. 5, height 12 mill.

Santa Barbara Island, Cal.

 

4. Patula Whitneyi, Newcomb.

Nearly flat above, smooth, suture well impressed; whorls 4;
aperture lunate; with a perspective umbilicus. Smoky horn-
color.

Diam. 5, height 24 mill.

Sierra Nevada, Cal.

 

5. Patula Cronkheitei, Newcomb.

Somewhat depressed, a little convex above, ribbed-striate ;
whorls 4, suture wide and deep, almost channeled; aperture
rounded; umbilicus large, somewhat perspective. Yellowish
horn-color.

Diam. 5, height 32? mill.

Klamath Valley, Oregon.

More elevated and more strongly striate and sutured than
striatella, Anth.

PLANOGYRA, Morse.
1. Planogyra asteriscus, Morse.
Plate 4, figure 55.

Elevated, planorboid; whorls 4, very convex; suture deep;
surface with 25-30 very oblique, thin, raised ribs, between
which it is finely striate; umbilicus moderately large, show-
ing all the volutions. Light brown.

Diam 14, height ? mill.

Maine, Massachusetts.

Differs from exigua, Stimp., by being smaller, the spire not

elevated, and ribs not so numerous.
[ 52 |

HELICODISCUS, Morse.
1. Helicodiscus lineata, Say.
Plate 4, figure 60.

Discoidal, greenish-yellow; whorls 4, visible below as well
as above, with numerous parallel revolving lines, suture well
impressed; aperture narrow-lunate; base shallow-concave; a
pair of teeth within the outer lip, remote from the margin,
and another pair further within and visible through the trans-
lucent periphery, in each pair one being placed above, the
other below it.

Diam. 3 mill.
Maine to Virginia, westwards to Ohio, Texas.

PSEUDOHYALINA, Morse.
* Diam: = 5 mill.
1. Pseudohyalina limatula, Ward.
Plate 4, figure 65.

Almost planorboid; whorls 43. increasing regularly, well
rounded; suture very distinctly impressed; aperture small, al.
most round; umbilicus rather large, as wide as the last whorl,
well defined and deep. Color very light, nearly white.

Diam. 5 mill.
New York, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan.

** Diam. = 24 mill.
2. Pseudohyalina minuscula, Binney.
Plate 4, figure 62.

Whorls 4, depressed, whitish, slowly increasing in diameter;
suture deep; aperture sub-rotund; umbilicus large and deep.

Diam. 2,—24 mill.

United States east of Rocky Mountains, from Maine to
Florida, and West Indies.
[ 53 ]

3. Pseudohyalina incrustata, Poey.
Plate 4, figure 61.

Depressed, spire slightly elevated, suture deep; whorls 4-5,
well rounded, slowly increasing; mouth expanding, nearly
circular, the ends of the lip-margin closely approaching and
united by a callus; umbilicus one-third the entire diameter,
showing all the whorls. Brown, with a ferruginous deposit.

Diam. 8, height 14 mill.

Texas (from Cuba.)

 

4. Pseudohyalina conspecta, Bland.
Plate 4, figure 58.

Umbilicate, sub-depressed, thin, with oblique, rather distant,
rib-like strize; dark horn color; spire convex, apex obtuse,
smooth, suture deep; whorls 4, convex, gradually increasing,
slightly descending towards the mouth; aperture oblique, lu-
nate-rounded, margins approaching.

Diam. 2, altitude 1 mill.
San Francisco, California.

The spire is more raised, and the ribs more numerous and
not so prominent as in H. asteriscus. It is distinguished from
H.. Mazatlanica, by its more distinct ribs and smaller umbilicus.

 

#*% Diam, = 1-13 mill.
5. Pseudohyalina exigua, Stimpson.
Plate 4, figure 57.

Discoidal, a little convex above, suture moderate; whorls
3%, spirally striate, with oblique transverse ribs; aperture
rounded; umbilicus wide, shallow, exhibiting the volutions.

Diam. 13 mill.
Canada, Massachusetts, Minnesota, around Lake Superior.

 

6. Pseudohyalina millium, Morse.
Plate 4, figure 56.

Depressed, convex above, transparent, shining, distinctly
and regularly striate above, with microscopic revolving lines,
more apparent beneath; whorls convex, rapidly enlarging;
suture very deeply impressed; umbilicus quite large and deep,
exhibiting all the volutions. White, with a greenish tinge.

Diam. 14, height $ mill. :

Maine.
[ 54 |
Mexican Species.
Pseudchyalina Mazatlanica, Pfeiffer.
Plate 4, figure 59.

Depressed, umbilicate, costato-striate, corneous; whorls 4,
somewhat convex, the spire slightly raised; last whorl narrow,
scarcely descending at the aperture; umbilicus equalling 4 of
the diameter; aperture oblique, lunately rounded, its margins
approaching.

Diam, 2°3, altitude 1 mill.
Mazatlan, Mexico.
GLANDINA.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
Puatre il.

Figs.1,2. G.rruncATa, Gmelin. Systema Nature, p.
343-4, (1788.)
Binney, Terr. Moll, ii., p. 301, t.59, 60, 1851.)
W.G. Binney, Terr. Moll, iv., p. 141, t. 80, f
9, (1859.)
Polyphemus glans, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci-
ences, 1, p. 282, (1818.)

Fig. 3. G. PARALLELA, Wm. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 189, (1857.)
G. parallela, W. G. Binney: Terrest. Moll, iv.,
p. 140, (1859.)
G. truncata, var. Binney, |. c., p. 302, t. 62, f.
2, (1851.)
“ 4, G, TEXASIANA, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zoological Soc.,
London, (1856.)
Novitates Conchologice, viii, p. 82, t. 22, f.
11, 12, (1857.)
W. G. Binney, Terrest. Moll., iv., p. 140, t.
77, f. 21, (1859.)
G. truncata, var. Binney, 1. c., p. 302, t. 61, f
2, (1851.)

“ 5. G@. BuLLATA, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., iii, p. 64, (Oct. 1848.)
Binney, Terrest. Moll. ii, p. 298, t. 62a,
(1851.)

“ 6. G. VANUXEMENH, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos.
Soe, v., p. 84, t.19, f. 78, (1887.)
Binney, 1. C., p. 299, t. 62, f, 1, (1851.)

“ 7, G. DECUSSATA, Deshayes. In Ferussac Hist.,
ii, p. 182, t. 128, "No. 47.

G. truncata, var. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 802, t. 61, f

i, (1851.)

G. corneola, W.G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, p. 189, (1807.)

W. G. Binney, Ter. Moll, Vol. iv. p. 189, _
(1859.)

No. 1.

No. 2

No. 8.

No 4.

No. 5.

No. 6,
i

Fig. 8. G. Turis, Pfeiffer. Symbole, iii, p. 91, (1846.) No. 7.
Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, Achatina, t. 18,
No. 45, (1849.)
Carpenter, Catalogue of Reigen Collection, p.
175, (1857.)

« 9, G. ALBERSI, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
. don, p. 295, (1854.) No. 8
Carpenter, Catalogue of Reigen Collection, p.
175, (1857.)

SUCCINEA.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 2.:

“« 4, S.Torrentana, Lea. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.
iL, p. 82, (1841.) No. 1.
Binney, Terrestrial Mollusks of the United
States, t. 670, fig. 2, (1857.)

« 9, S.inruata, Lea. 1. ¢. p. 32, (1841.) No. 2.
S. campestris, Say, var. Binney, 1. c. it, p. 66,
(1851.)

S. inflata, Lea. W.G. Binney, Terrest. Moll,
iv., p. 34, t. 80, f. 11, (1899.)

« 3. S.uNnrIcoLor, Tryon. (Nov. species.) Am. Journ.
Conch., vol. 11, No. 3, (1866.) No. 3.
S. inflata, Lea, var. Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel viv.,
iii, p. 16, (1853.)
« 4, S.CAMPESTRIS, Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci, i,

p- 281, (1318.) No. 4.
Binney, l. c. ii, p. 678, fig. 1, (1851.)

« 5, S. StRetcuiAna, Bland. Annals N.Y.Lyceum
of Nat. Hist., viii. (1865.) No. 5.

« 6, S. EFFUSA, Shuttleworth. Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel.
Viv, iii, p. 17, (1858.) No. 6.
W.G. Binney, l.c.iv., p. £1, t. 80, fig. 12,
(1859.)
« 7, S. oBLIQqU4, Say. St. Peter’s Expedition, ii,
p. 200, %. lo, £7, 824.) No. 7.
Binney, l. c. il, p. 69, t. 670, fig. 38, (1851.)
S. ovalis, Say. Journ. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci,
i, p. 15, (1817) ii, p. 163, (1821.)
ee TOs

13.

“14,

1d.

16;

18)

“19,

“« 20.

[ iii. |

S. lineata. DeKay. N.Y. Mollusca, p. 53, t.
iv., f. 51, (1848.)

S. campestris, of American authors generally.

. 8. GREER, Tryon. (Nov. species.) Amer.

Terr. Mollusks, iv., p. 40, t. 79, fig. 1, (1859.)

Jour. Conchology, i, No.3, (1866.) No. 8.
. 8. GrosveNort, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci-
ences, p. 109, (1864.) No. 9.
S. VERMETA, Say. New Harmony Dissemina-
_ tor, ii, No, 15, (1829.) No. 10.
S. avara, Say. Binney, l.c., it, p. 78, (1851.)
W. G. Binney, 1. c., iv., p. 36, (1859.)
. 5. AVARA, Say. St. Peter’s Exped., p. 260, t.
15, f. 5, (1824.) No. 11.
Binney, 1. c. ii; p. 74, t. 67c., fig. 4, (1851.)
S. Wardiana, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
ix, p. 8, (1844.)
S. Granbtanpica, Beck. Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel.
Viv., ii, p. 529, (1848.) No. 12.
W.G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 38, t. 80, fig. 4,
(1839.)
S. GABBII, Tryon. (Nov. species.) Am. Jour.
Conchology, 11., No. 3, (1866.) No. 138.
S. VERRILI, Bland. Annals N. Y. Lyceum,
viii., (1865.) ' No. 14.
S. LINEATA, W.G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, ix., p. 19, (1857.) No. 15.
Ter. Mullusks, iv., p. 39, t. 80, fig. 5, (1859.)-
. S. Moorsstana, Lea. Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci-
ences, p. 109, (1864.) No. 16,
S. OREGONENSIS, Lea. Proc. Amer. Philos.
Soe, ii, p. 32, (1841.) No. 17.
Binney, |. ¢. ii, p. 77, t. 67, fig. 2, (1851.)
S. RusticanA, Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., ii., p. 187 (1846.) No. 18.
Mollusca of U.S. Expl. Exped., p.28, fig. 29,
(1852.)
W.G. Binney, Terr. Moll. iv., p. 6, t. 69, fig.
14, (1859.)
S. Haypent, W. G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, x., p. 114, (1858.) No. 19.
[ iv. ]

Fig.21.S. SIntrmant, Bland. Annals N.Y. Lye. Nat.

OD):

“ 28.

“26.

« 30.

“ 33.

« 3d.

« 35.

Hist., viii., (1865.) No.

S. OVALIS, Gould. Invertebrata of Massachu-

setts, p. 194, f£ 125, (1841,) No.

Binney, |. c. ii, p. 78, t. 67a, fig. 8, (1851.)
S. DECampi, Tryon. (Nov. species.) Amer.

Jour. Conchology, i1., No. 8, (1866.) No.

. 8. Hiaeinst, Bland. (Nov. species.) Amer.
Jour. Conchology, ii., No. 8, (1866.) No.

. 9. RETUSA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., v.,
p- 117, t. 19, fig. 86, (1837.) No.

S. ovalis, Gld. (Part.) Binney, Terr. Moll,
(1851.)

S. retusa, Lea. W.G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv.,
p. 87, (1859.)

S. NutraLtuiana, Lea. Trans. Am. Philos.

Soc., ix., p. 4, (1844.) No.

Binney, l. c., ii, p. 81, t. 67a, fig. 2, (1851.)

. S. Witsontt, Lea. Proc. Acad, Nat. Sciences,
p. 109, (1864.) No.

. 8. ForsHeyi, Lea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
p. 109, (1864.) No.

. S. CONCORDIALIS, Gould. Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., iii, p. 88, (1848.) No.

Binney, l.c., ii, p. 82, t. 67a, fig. 2, (1851.)
S. LurEoLA, Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.

Hist,, iii., p. 37, (1848.) No.

Binney, l. c., ii, p. 75, t. 67c, fig. 1, (1851.)
S. Texasiana, Pfeiffer, 1. c., ii, p. 526, (1848.)

. S. Hawxinsu, Baird. Proc. Zool. Soc. London. No.
. S. SALLIANA, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-

don, p. 133, (1849.) No.
W.G. Binney, l.c., iv., p. 42, t. 79, fig. 18,
(1859.)
S. auRgEA, Lea. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., il,
p. 82, (1841.) No.
Binney, l. c., it, p. 76, t. 67e, fig. 3, (1851.)
S, Ilaveana, Lea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
p. 109, (1864.) No.

S. cINGULATA, Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon-

don, p. 56, t. 9, fig. 8, (1850.) No.

26.
27,

28.

29,

30.

31.

82.

38.

84.
é 9.

“ 8.

«4,

“ Te

[Tw]

HELICELLID A.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PuateE 8.

VITRINA.

. V. IMpPIDA, Gould. Agassiz’s Lake Superior,

p. 243, (1850.)
Binney, Terr. Mollusks, ii, p. 58, t. 67a, fig.
1, (1851.)
V. Americana, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon-
don, p. 156, (1852.)
V. pellucida, (not of Miiller,) DeKay, Moll.
New York, p. 28, t. 8, figs. 4, 5, (1843.)
V. ANGELICA, Beck. Pfeiffer, Monog. Helice-
orum Viv., il, p. 510, (1848.)
W.G. Binney, l.c. iv., p.33, t. 9, fig. 9, (1859.)
Helix pellucida, Fabricius, Fauna Groenland-
ica, p. 889, (1780.)

V. PFEIFFERII, Newcomb. Proce. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 92, (1861.)

BINNEY A.

B. NOTABILIS, Cooper. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, (1863.)

MACROCYCLIS.

. M.NewBerry4na, W.G. Binney. Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sciences, p. 115, (1858.)
W. G, Binney, Lc. iv, p. 20, t. 76, Gg. 7,
(1859.)

. M. VaANcouvERENSIs, Lea. Trans. Am. Philos.

Soe., vi, p. 87, t. 23, fig. 72, (1839.)
Binney, l. c. ii, p. 166, t. 20, (1851.)
4. veilicata, Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc., London,
p. 75, t. 9, fig. 1, (1850.)

M. sPpoRTELLA, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., i, p. 167, (1846.)
Mollusca U.S. Expl. Exped, p. 87, fig. 42,
(1852.)
Binney, l. c. ii, p. 211, t. 22a, fig. 1, (1851.)

No.

No.

No.

bo
“

10.

it,

12.

13.

14.

16.

Ae

18.

{ Vif

. M. concava, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,

i, p. 159, (1821.)
Binney, |. ¢. ii, p. 163, t. 21. (1851.)
H. planorboides, Pfeiffer, Monog. Heliceorum,
Viv. iil, p. 156, (1853.)
H. dissidens, Deshayes, Hist. Nat. des Moll, i.,
p- 97, t. 84, figs. 1, 2.

. M. Vovana, Newcomb. Am. Jour. Conch.,1.,

p. 235, (1865.)
M. Evuiorti, Redfield. Annals N. Y. Lyceum
Nat. Hist., vi., p. 170, t. 9, figs. 8-10, (1856.)
Binney, 1. c. ii, p. 28, (1857.)
W.G.B., Le.iv., p.116, t. 77, fig. 18, (1859.)

HYALINA.

H. InDENTATA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
‘iL, p. 372, (1822.)
Binney, l. c. i1., p. 242, t. 29, fig. 2, (1851.)

H. FRIABILIS, W.G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, p. 187, (1857.)
Terrest. Mollusks, iv. p. 106, t. 80, fig. 2,
(1859.)
H. pevieata, Rafinesque. Pfeiffer, Monog.
Hel. Viv., i, p. 64, (1848.)
Binney, |. ¢. iL, p. 228, t. 82, (1851.)
II. bucuBRATA, Say. New Harmony Dissemi-

nator, il, p. 229, (1829.)
Bland, Annals New York Lyceum, (1860.)

. H. capuca, Pfeiffer. Zeitschr. fiir Mal. p. 146,

(1846.) -
Monog, Hel. Viv. i,, p., 89, (1848.)
Is not H. lucubrata, of Say.

H. rutiainosa, Griffith. Binney, l.¢. iL, p. 222,
t. 81, (1851.)

H. aRBoREA, Say. Nicholson’s Encyel.,, iv., t.
4, fig. 4, (1816.)
Binney, 1. ¢. ii., p. 285, t. 29, fig. 8, (1851.)

H. scunprinis, Bland. Annals N. Y.Lye., vi,
p- 279, (1858.)
W.G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 110, t. 77, fig. 15,
(1859.)

No.

No.

or

6.

No. 16.

No. 8.
[ vii. J

Fig.19.H.cetnaria, Miller. Hist. Verm., No. 230,
(1774.)
Binney, l. ¢. i1, p. 280, t. 29, fig. 4, (1851.)
HI. glaphyra, Say? Nicholson’s Eneycl.,, iv.,t.
1, fig. 3, (1816,)

“ 90. H. cAPSELLA, Gould. Binney, 1. ¢. ii., p, 239,
t. 29a, fig. 1, (1851,)
H. rotula, Gould. (Pre-oc.) Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist., i, p. 38, (1848.)

 

HELLICELLID.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 4.

HYALINA.

«“ 21. H. Kopnopes, Wm. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 186, (1857.)
Terr. Mollusks, iv., p. 104, t. 80, fig. 14, (1859.)

“« 92. H.INORNATA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
iL, p. 871, (1822.)
Binney, 1. 2. i1., p. 227, 1.34 Css.)

“ 23, H. SUBPLANA, Binney, l.c,, ii, p. 229, t. 33,
(1851.)
“ 94, H. nitipa, Miiller. Hist. Verm., ii, No. 234,
(1774.)
H. lucida, Draparnaud. Hist. Nat. des Moll.,
p. 108, t. 8, figs. 11, 12, (1805.)
Binney, |. c., ii, p. 283, t. 22a, fig. 2, (1851.)
H. hydrophila, Ingalls’ MSS.

“ 95. H. ELECTRINA, Gould. Invertebrata of Mass.,
p- 188, fig. 111, (1841.)
Binney, 1. c., 11, p. 236, t. 29, fig. 1, (1851.)

“ 96. IL. otronis, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv.
fur Naturgesch, i. p. 251, (1840.)
Binney, l. c,, il, p. 288, t. 29a, fig. 8, (1851.)

« 97. H. Brewer, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, p. 118, (1864.)

« 98, H. vortex, Pfeiffer. Archiv. fur Naturgesch.,
i, p. 851, (1839.)

H. selenina, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
iii, p. 38, (1848.)

Binney l. ec. ii., p. 240, t. 29a, fig. 2, (1851.)

No. 9.

No.18.

No. 7.

No. 10.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

11.

13.

. 15.

14,

12.

17.
Fig.29. H. zontrss, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., London
“ 380.
iB

“ 32.

“ 38,

“ 34,

T9 85

“ 36.

“« 38.

[ viii. ]
p. 127, (1845.)

H. BiLineatA, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon-
don, p. 91, (1845.)

H. Binneyana, Morse. Portland Jour. Nat.

Hist. i., (1864.) No. 19.
H. Ferrea, Morse. Portland Jour. Nat. Hist.,

i, (1864.) No. 20.

MESOMPHIX.

M. INTERTEXTA, Binney, 1. c,, ii, p. 206, t. 36,

(1851.) No. 1.
M. tigers, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,

li, p. 157, (1821.) No, 2.

Binney, 1. ¢., ii, p. 204, t. 85, (1851.)
H. Rafinesquea, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. t. 51a,
fig. 5

HA, Wardiana, Lea. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.,
vi. p. 67, t. 28, fig. 82, (1839.)

M. pemissa, Binney, |. c., iL, p. 282, t. 42, fig.

1, (1851.) No. 3.
M. ceRINoIDEA, Anthony. Amer. Jour. Con-
chology, p. 351, t. 25, fig. 8, (1865.) No. 4.
CONULUS.

. C. CHERSINA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., li,

p. 156, (1821.) No. 1.
Binney, 1. G,, il, p. 248, t. 17, fig. 4, (1851.)

C. Fasrici, Beck, Pfeiffer. Zeit. fur Mal, p.
90, (1848.) No. 2.
W. G. Binney, Le, ivy p. 120, t 77, fig. 17,

(1859.)
See also figures 63, 64.

GASTRODONTA.,

. G. GULABIS, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,

ii., p. 156, (1821.) No. 1.
Binney, l.e., iL, p.250, t.37, figs. 3, 4, (1851.)
H. bicostata. Pfeifer, Monog. Hel. Viv., i, p.
182, (1848.)
[ ix. J

Fig.40. G. Lasmopon, Phillips. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
viii, p. 182, (1842.) No. 2.
Binney, J. ¢., ii, p. 254, t. 87, fig. 2, (1851.)
H, macilenta, Shuttleworth? Bern. Mit., p.
195, (1852.)

“41. G. suppressa, Say. New Harmony Dissemi-
nator, 11, p. 229, (1829.) No. 3.
Binney, 1. c., i, p. 258, t. 37, fig. 1, (1851.)

“ 49. G. INTERNA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
ii, p. 155, (1821.) No. 4.
Binney, |. c., 11, p. 247, t. 30, fig. 4, (1851.)

“ 43, G. MULTIDENTATA, Binney. l.c., ii, p. 258, t.

48, fig. 8, (1851.) No. 5.
STROBILA.
« 44, S, LABYRINTHICA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci- .
ences, i., p. 124, (1818) No. 1.

Binney, |. c, i., p. 202, t. 17, fig. 8, (1851.)

“« 45, S. Huspsparpi, Brown. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci-
ences, p. 833, (1861.) No. 2.

ANGUISPIRA.

“ 46, A. SOLITARIA, Say. 1. c., iL, p. 157, (1821.) No. 1.
Binney, l. c., it, p. 208, t. 24, (1851.)
“47, A, ALTERNATA, Say. Nicholson’s Encycel,, Ist
edit., t. 1, fig. 2, (1816.) No. 4.
Binney, 1. c. il., p. 212, t. 25, (1851.)
HH. scabra, Lamarck, Anim. Sans. Vert., vi. p.
288, (1822.)
HH. infecta, Pfeiffer, Mal. Blatt., p. 86, (1857.)
H. strongylodes, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 58, (1854)
“ 48, A. CUMBERLANDIANA, Lea. ‘Trans. Amer.
Philos. Soc., viii., p.229, t.6, fig. 61, (1843.) No. 6
Binney, 1. ¢., ii, p. 216, t. 81, (1801.)
H. mordaz, Shuttleworth, Bern. Mittheil, (1852.)

“ 49, A. srricosa, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. ii., p. 166, (1846.) No. 5.
Moll. U.S. Expl. Exped., p. 36, fig.41, (1852.)
Binney, 1. c., it, p. 210, t. 26, (1851.)
(See also figs. 52, 54.)
pe)
PATULA.

Fig.50 P. perspectiva, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci-

« Bl.

52.

“ 58.

“ 54,

“ 55.

“ 56.

©-67.

“ 59.

« 58.

ences, i., p. 18, (1817.) ‘
Binney, |. ¢., ii, p. 256, t. 30, fig. 1, (1851.)
H. parvula, Deshayes, Encycl. Meth., ii, p.
217, (1830.)
P. stRIATELLA, Anthony. Bost. Jour. Nat.
Hist., iii, p. 278, t. 8, fig. 2, (1840.)
Binney, l. ¢., 1i., p. 217, t. 30, fig. 2, (1851.)
(See also fig. 58.)
ANGUISPIRA.
(See fig. 49.)

A. CoopeRI, Wm. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 118, (1858.) —
Terr. Moll, iv.. p. 97, t. 77, fig. 11, (1859.)

PATULA.
(See fig. 51.)

P. Duranti, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad.

Nat. Sci., p. 118, (1864.)

ANGUISPIRA. *

(See fig. 49.)
A. IDAHOENSIS, Newcomb. Am. Jour. Con-
chology, iL, p. 1, t. 1, figs. 1, 2, 8, (1866.)

PLANOGYRA.

Pp, astERIscus, Morse. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist.. vi, p. 128, (1857.)

PSEUDOHYALINA.

P. miuuium, Morse. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
vii, p. 28, (1859.)
W.G. Binney, l.c., iv., p. 101, t. 79, figs. 4,
5, (1859.)
P. EXIGUA, Stimpson. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. iii., p. 175, (1850.)
Binney, 1. c., iii, p. 16, t. 77, fig. 19, (1857.)
P. consrecta, Bland. Annals N. Y. Lyceum
Nat. Hist., viii, (1865.)
P. Mazarbantca, Pfeiffer. Malak. Blatt., iii.,
p. 48, (1856.)
(See also figs. 61, 62, 65.)

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No. 8.

No. 6.
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The undersigned, contemplating expensive arrangements
the enlargement of his collection, will supply suites of

TERTIARY AND CRETACEOUS FOSSILS,

AND ALSO OF
LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS

ticable, the different ages of the land and fresh-water shells.

mens, or by pairs.
For further particulars communications are invited.

E. R, SHOWALTER,
UNIONTOWN, ALABAMA.

SHELLS FOR SALE.

Of Alabama and adjacent States, at the rate of 30 cents a species,
averaging six specimens to each species; representing, when prac-

The more ponderous fossils will be represented by single speci-

for

 

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.

 

| chological Works. GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr;

NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, 19 Vols., 4to., newly bound in half Morocco, with Inany

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eens
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For SALe at the annexed prices, or will be Excuaneep for Con-

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500
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A MONOGRAPH

\

TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA

UNITED STATES.

With Mustrations of alt the Species,

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.

This work will be published in quarterly parts, each containing
about 82 pp., 8vo., of text, and four lithographic plates crowded
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u
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For Terms See Fourth Page of Cover.

 

A

MONOGRAPH

OF THE

TERRESTRIAL =MOLLUSCA

INHABITING THE

UNITED STATES.

 

Oo

 

With Illustrations of alt the Species,

—po——

BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.,

Editor of the American Journal of Conchology ; Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia ; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History,
the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, the California Aca-
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See
Part J

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ConcHotoeisrs or Dealers having FRESH WATER SHELLS
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SHELLS FOR SALE.

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I can offer the following collections:

 

   
     
      
    

  

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oe 50 Ot 100 Oh peas we ais 5 00
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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY.,.

VOL. I.—1865.

Containing 400 pages, illustrated hy 31 colored and plain plates; with papers by Conrad, Anthony,
Bland, Wheatley. Binney, Newcomb, Haldeman, Stimpson, etc. Price in numbers, $12. Or each
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Notice.—To those who subscribe to Vol. II., the First Volume will be furnished at $10, or bound as
above, at $12.

; Fes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Family HELICID.

Shell depressed, or globosely elevated, strong, striate, with
the epidermis colored, frequently banded, opaque, lip either
margined within, or expanded, or appressed and reflected.
Aperture sometimes toothed.

Animal snail-like, not so narrowly lengthened generally as
in Helicellide. Buccal plate arcuate, thick, with transverse
rounded ribs.

Lingual dentition—Uncini and laterals the same in form,
the former 1-2 dentate or notched irregularly, the latter 1
dentate.

Subfamehes.

Hyeromuna.— Shell not toothed, lip not reflected, some-
times expanded, more or less thickened, within the margin.

Mrsopontina.—Shell frequently toothed, lip broadly re-
flected and appressed.

HYGROMIIN
Genera.
* Ombilicate.

1. Hye@romis, Risso. Globosely depressed, not angulated,
generally hirsute; whorls 5-7, convex; aperture round-
ed or widely lunate; lip acute, siightly expanded and
thickened within. Corneous, generally unicolored.
Size small.

Inhabits east of Rocky Mountains.
2. AaLAsA, Albers. Depressed-conoidal, sometimes ob-
securely angulate; lip thickened within, encroaching a

little on the umbilicus. Yellowish-brown, almost al-
ways banded. Size large; surface malleate.

Inhabits California and Oregon.
[ 56 J

8. ArrionTa, Leach. Globosely turbinate; lip thickened
within, expanded, dilated at the base so as nearly to
cover the umbilicus. Color yellowish-brown, banded.
Size large. ,

Inhabits California and Oregon.

"4, Potymira, Beck. Globosely turbinate; lip much thick-
ened within; columella diagonal, much thickened, and
Srequently bearing a lamelliform or rounded tubercle ;
umbilicus almost entirely covered. Shell large, thick,
flesh-color, with generally several revolving bands of
darker colors.

Inhabits West Indies, Mexico, Southern California.

** Shell imperforate.

5. TacHEA, Leach. Shell imperforate, turbinate or de-
pressed, upper whorls flattened, last one convex, de-
scending obliquely to the mouth, which is obliquely
semicircular; peristome expanded, within labiate, ex-

' panded and appressed into and completely covering the
umbilicus. Size moderate. Yellowish, more or less
numerously banded.

European, introduced into the seaports and islands of the
Eastern States.

6. Pomatra, Beck. Globular, large, last whorl very large,
ventricose, deflexed at the aperture, which is orbicular-
ly lunate; peristome slightly thickened within, reflexed
and appressed over the umbilicus. Light horn-color,
banded.

European, introduced into the seaports of the Southern
States and West Indies.

HYGROMIA, Risso.

The five species here united, evidently constitute two dis-
tinct groups; the two first species being of European origin,
while the other three belong to the Territories bordering on
the Gulf of Mexico: yet we can find no characters of sufficient
importance to justify their division into two generic groups.
[ 57 |

HYGROMIA, Risso.

1. Hygromia rufescens, Pennant.
Plate 5, figure 1.

Depressed, subglobose, subangulate; spire depressed coni-
cal; whorls 6, somewhat convex, brownish; the last with a
white band on the angulate periphery; not descending at the
aperture, which is ovately lunar, shghtly reflected over the
rather large umbilicus.

Diam. 11, altitude 6 mill.

Montreal, Canada Hast, (J. F. Whiteaves.)

A common European species, introduced as above.

2. Hygromia hispida, Linnzus.
Plate 5, figure 2.

Rather depressed, moderately umbilicate, corneous, covered
with short, hispid hairs; whorls 5-6, somewhat convex, nar-
row, slowly increasing; aperture semilunar, labiate within.

Diam. 10, altitude 54 mill.

Canada, Nova Scotia, Massachusetts. (Introduced from
Europe.)

HT. porcina, Say, a species described, evidently, from imma-
ture specimens, 1s now referred to this species.

3. Hygromia jejuna, Say.
Plate 5, figure 3.

Subglobose, spire prominent, suture impressed; whorls 5,
the last ample, strise scarcely visible; mouth moderate, semi-
circular; lip expanded, white, (the whorl grooved behind it,)
internally ribbed or margined; umbilicus small, base of sheil
convex. Light yellow, sparingly hirsute.

Diam. 8, height 6 mill.

Georgia, Florida, Alabama. ’

I agree with Messrs. Binney and Bland in regarding this spe-
cies, described from immature specimens, by Say, as identical
with H. Mobiliana, Lea. Mr. Lea states that A. Mobiliana has

a reflected lip, which at first sight, mature specimens do appear
to have, caused by the external constriction, and the great thick-

ening within.
[ 58 |

4. Hygromia Berlandieriana, Moricand.
Plate 5, figure 4,

Globose, spire elevated, prominent, suture deeply impressed ;
whorls 5, well rounded, thin, translucent, scarcely striate,
broadly rounded at periphery, contracted around the aperture ;
lip much expanded, white, with a much thickened internal
margin; parietal wall sometimes with a deposit of callus; base
rounded, umbilicus minute. White to yellowish-green, with
sometimes a faint, narrow brown band above the periphery.

Diam. 12, height 9 mill.
Arkansas to Texas, Mexico.

Judging from the figure of H. virginalis, Jan., published in
Chemnitz “Conchylien Cabinet.” I do not agree with Binney in
considering that species a synonym of Berlandieriana, but be-
lieve it to = griseola.

5. Hygromia griseola, Pfeiffer.
Plate 5, figure 5.

Globosely depressed, spire convexly elevated ; whorls 4-44,
well rounded, slightly striate; aperture lunar, lip white, a
little expanded; umbilicus very narrow. Light brown, with
a darker band, bordered with white, above the periphery.

Diam. 10, altitude 6 mill.
Texas, Mexico, Guatemala.

Smaller, more depressed, and differently colored from H.
Berlandiertana.

—__—

AGLAJA, Albers.

This group includes most of the large, brilliantly colored
Californian species, and is remarkably restricted, none of its
members inhabiting east of the Rocky Mountains. Albers
places most of those known to him in the genus Arionta, leaving
only one—A. fidelis, in Aylaja.. An examination of the West
Coast species of Arionta, in Albers, shows that he has confoun-
ded, in that genus, two distinct groups, of which, that contain-
ing the more globose species, with nearly covered umbilicus,
really pertains to it; while those that are turbinately depressed,
belong to Aglaja. Very many of these shells have never been
figured, and very little is known regarding them. I have sup-
[ 59 |

plied figures from type specimens, wherever possible, and hope
at a future time to be able to complete their illustration.*

* Hirsute, subangulate at the periphery.
+ Nearly black, not banded.

1. Aglaja infumata, Gould.
Plate 5, figure 6.

Large, solid, depressed-trochiform, angulate at periphery,
suture not much impressed; whorls 63, not very convex,
closely irregularly rugose-striate, granulate and hirsute; aper-
ture rhomboidal, lip very slightly thickened within, scarcely
expanded; base convex, umbilicus narrow. Brown, nearly
black; aperture shining, chocolate within.

Diam. 37, height 16 mill.
From Humboldt Bay to San Pablo Bay, Cal.

tt Light brown, with a brown band, bordered with white on
each side.

2. Aglaja Hillebrandi, Newcomb.
Plate 5, figure 7.

Depressed-trochiform; spire not much elevated, apex ob-
tuse, suture moderate; whorls 6, very slightly convex, rather
flattened, a little descending at the aperture, finely striate, hir-
sute; periphery angulated; aperture widely lunate, lip ex-
panded; reflected below, thickened within, umbilicus mode-
rate. Yellowish horn-color, the periphery with a red band,
bordered with white on either side.

Diam. 22, height 9 mill.
Tuolumne Co., Mariposa, California,
* For particular information regarding the geographical distribution of

the Californian Helices, see a paper by Dr. Wesley Newcomb, in American
Journal of Conchology, i., p. 342, Oct., 1865,
[ 60 |

*® Not hirsute, globosely turbinate.
t Nearly black, with sometimes a red band.
3. Aglaja fidelis, Gray.
Plate 5, figure 8.

Subconical, moderately elevated; spire depressed-trochiform;
whorls 7, rounded; suture distinct; surface thick, rugosely
striate, with slight impressed revolving strix; aperture ob-
liquely semilunar, lip a little reflected below, scarcely thick-
ened within, partially covering the umbilicus. Light brown
to black, with generally a narrow red band, chocolate within,
lip pink.

Diam. 37, height 20 mill.

Oregon.

 

tt Reddish-ashen, not banded.

4. Aglaja anachoreta, W. G. Binney.
Plate 5, figure 9.

Orbicularly convex; spire elevated, conic, suture impressed;
whorls 6, granulated; aperture transversely rounded, lip thick-
ened, slightly expanded, the extremities approaching, partly
covering the umbilicus. Reddish-ashen, lip tinged with violet.

Diam. 26, height 14 mill.

California.

Is this a variety of the following species? It is very like
it in form, but has no band.

ttt Yellowish-brown, with a narrow dark band.

5. Aglaja arrosa, Gould.
Plate 5, figure 10.

Globosly conic, spire elevated, suture not much impressed ;
whorls 7, somewhat convex, declining a little at the aperture, ru-
gosely striate, malleate, with indistinct revolving lines; aperture
widely semilunar; lip narrowly expanded, a little reflected
below; umbilicus partly covered. Brown, with a dark brown,
nearly black band above the periphery, visible on the spire;
light chocolate within.

Diam. 85, height 20 mill.
San Pablo Bay to Bay of Monterey, California.
[ 61 ]

6. Aglaja exarata, Pfeiffer.
Plate 5, figure 11.

Depressed-conical; spire short, conical, apex acute; whorls
7, rugose, malleated, slightly convex, the last wide, slightly
descending at the aperture; aperture oblique, widely lunar,
lip a little thickened, white, a little reflected below; umbilicus
moderate; brownish, with a chestnut band.

Diam, 30, height 16 mill.
California.

Dr. Newcomb mentions a variety of a creamy-white color,
without bands.

7. Aglaja Ayresiana, Newcomb.

Rounded-trochiform; whorls 7, slowly increasing, convex,
the first-ones superiorly with many rib-like strie, and nume-
rous spiral lines, deeply impressed; inferiorly pale, and with
minute decussating striations; suture well marked; aperture
roundly ovate ; lip a little expanded; umbilicus partly closed.
Yellowish-white, with a broad black band.

Diam. 22, height 15 mill.
Nootka Sound, Northern Oregon.

8. Aglaja Nickliniana, Lea.
Plate 5, figure 12.

Conic-globose, rather thin; spire elevated; whorls 6, mode-
rately convex, the last ventricose, finely granulated, polished ;
aperture rounded, forming two-thirds of a circle, lip a little
expanded above, more so below; base depressed at centre, the
umbilicus small and party covered by the lip. Light yellow-
ish-brown, with a brown. band.

Diam. 21, height 18 mill.
California.

Dr. Newcomb believes H. redemita to be a variety of this
species.
[ 62 ]

9. Aglaja Carpenterii, Newcomb.

Roundly conical; apex obtuse; whorls 53, convex, strongly
striated, with numerous fine spiral lines; suture well im-
pressed; aperture circular, margins approaching; lip a little
expanded; umbilicus open. Brownish, with an obscure dark
band.

Diam. 23, height 163 mill.

Tulare Valley, California.

Distinguished by its rounded aperture.

*** Not hirsute, malleated, globosely depressed, not turbinate
above.
a. With a brown band.
10. Aglaja tudicolata, Binney.
Plate 5, figure 13.

Convexly orbicular; spire depressed-conic; whorls 5, a
little convex; body large, expanding somewhat towards the
aperture, obliquely wrinkled, malleated; aperture transverse,
rather circular; lip a little expanded, reflected nearly, some-
times entirely, over the small umbilicus; base convex. Light
yellowish-green or brown, with a broad dark band above the
periphery, margined with white. Band visible on the spire.

Diam. 31, height 22 mill.

California.

ee

11. Aglaja Bridgesii, Newcomb.

Depressed-globose; spire conical, suture well impressed,
whorls 6, convex, plicately striate and minutely granulate;
aperture round-lunate; lip expanded, reflected below, umbili-
cate. Translucent, grayish horn-color, with a narrow brown
band.

Diam. 27, height 19 mill.
San Pablo, California.

Not solid, larger than ramentosa, Gould, spire more eleva-
ted, darker in color, and less granulated.
[ 63 ]

12. Aglaja mormonun, Preiffer.
Plate 5, figure 14.

Globosely depressed, thin, arcuately striate; spire slightly
elevated; whorls 6, slightly convex, the last descending a little
at the aperture; aperture obliquely lunar; lip white mar.
gined, the extremities converging, expanded, reflected towards
the base; base convex, umbilicus moderate. Light reddish-
brown, with a darker band above the periphery, margined
with white.

Diam. 29, height 123 mull.
California.

———

13. Aglaja ramentosa, Gould.
Plate 5, figure 15.

Depressed-orbicular, thin, granulated; whorls 53, the last
a little obtusely angulated; aperture obliquely ovate-oblong ;
lip white, slightly expanded above, reflected below; perforate.
Brownish, with a peripherical band of dark brown, margined
with white.

Diam. 20, height 123 mill.

California.

According to Dr. Newcomb, (Am. Journ. Conch., i, p. 844,)
Hi. reticulata, Pfeiffer, is a synonym of this species. I have
not seen an authentic specimen of H. reticulata, but give a

figure copied from a wood-cut loaned to me by Thomas Bland,
(Plate 6, fig. 18.)

14. Aglaja Traskii, Newcomb.
Plate 5, figure 16.

Depressed-globose,’ thin; spire subplanulate; whorls 6,
the last not descending, with numerous microscopical interwo-
ven strie; lip but little thickened. Pale corneous, somewhat
pellucid, brown banded, within tinged with purple.

Diam. 26, height 16 mill.
Los Angelos, Cal. Santa Barbara.

Differs from the following in its lighter substance and color,
the lip not so much thickened, and the body-whorl not de-
scending at the aperture.
[ 64 ]

15. Aglaja Dupetithouarsii, Deshayes.
Plate 5, figure 17.

Orbicularly convex, moderately thick, smooth or substriate ;
spire obtusely conoidal; whorls 7-8, narrow, the last inflated ;
aperture ovately semilunar, lip a little expanded; umbilicus
moderate. Dark chocolate or light greenish when perfectly
fresh, with a dark narrow band above the periphery, margined
with white, band visible on the spire.

Diam. 29, height 17 mill.

Near Monterey, California.

Closely allied to H. mormonum, but more elevated.

—_———

16. Aglaja rufocincta, Newcomb.
Plate 6, figure 20.

Depressed-globose, with impressed suture; whorls 6, the
last not descending at the aperture, minutely decussately striate;
aperture subrotund, lip expanded, columella not callous; um-
bilicate. Horny, red banded, lip white.

Diam. 17, height 10 mill.

San Diego and I. Santa Catalina, Cal.

17. Aglaja Gabbii, Newcomb.
Plate 6, figure 19.

Depressed-globose ;_ spire convex, suture well impressed;
whorls 5, convex, the last descending; aperture suborbicular,
lip white, expanded, umbilicus very small, partly covered.
Pale corneous, with an indistinct brown band.

Diam. 10, height 5 mill.
San Clemente I., Cal.
[ 65]

++ Not banded.
18. Aglaja Rowellii, Newcomb.

Depressed globose; spire but little elevated, projecting at
apex like a nipple, suture moderate; whorls 43, polished, very
finely obliquely convex, the last large, descending at the aper-
ture; aperture circular, lip thin, a little expanded, margins
continued, adhering to the last whorl; umbilicus open.
Opaque-white (bleached ?) ‘

Diam. 15, height 10 mill.
Arizona.

I have not seen this species, but doubt (from the descrip-
tion) whether its affinities are with this group.

 

ARIONTA, Leach.

The American species are peculiar to Southern California
and Northern Mexico. The typeof this genus, A.arbustorwm,
(as well as several other species,) is European, but the follow-
ing are scarcely distinguishable from it, although so widely
asunder in distribution. As already stated, many of the spe-
cies placed in Arionta by Albers, really belong to Aglaja; H.
bicincta, Pfeiffer, and H. Townsendiana, are also erroneously
classed here by Albers.

1. Arionta Veitchii, Newcomb.
Plate 5, figure 19.

Subglobose; spire turbinate, elevated, suture not very dis-
tinct; whorls 6, a little convex, the last very large, declining
towards the aperture; rather thin, obliquely striate, and some-
times a little spirally corrugated; aperture subcircular, lip a
little expanded, and very slightly thickened, partly reflected
over the narrow umbilicus; base of shell very convex. Yel-
lowish-white, with numerous irregular, interrupted, revolving
brown bands.

Diam. 28, height 19 mill.
Cerros Isle, Lower Cal.
[ 66 }

2. Arionta Californiensis, Lea.
Plate 5, figure 20.

Subglobular, thin, transparent, slightly granulated and
striate, shining; spire elevated; whorls 5, convex, the last
very broad; aperture rather small, subcircular, lip slightly
everted, thickened within, at the base more reflected, nearly
covering the small umbilicus. Pale yellowish horn-color, m1-
nutely flecked with pale spots, with a narrow brown, pale mar-
gined band above the periphery. ‘

Diam. 18, height 15 mill.

California.

8. Arionta Kelletti, Forbes.
Plate 6, figure 1.

Depressed-globose, thin, rugose-granulated; spire subtur-
binate, suture moderate; whorls 6, a little convex, the last
large and well rounded at base; aperture wide-lunate, lip ex-
panded, partly covering the narrow umbilicus. Reddish-
brown, with a darker band on the spire and a lighter one on
the periphery of the last whorl.

Diam. 22, height 19 mill.
San Diego, Cal.

4. Arionta crebristriata, Newcomb.
Plate 6, figure 2.

Moderately thick, depressed-globose; spire turbinate, suture
well impressed; whorls 5, a little convex, the last descending
towards the aperture, with dense, strong, transverse and mi-
nute, longitudinal stris; aperture rounded, lip either thin,
acute, or thickeved within, its extremities approaching, some-
times connected by a callus; umbilicus partly covered by the
lip. Dark horn-color, obsoletely banded, livid within the
aperture.

Diam. 23, height 14-20 mill.
San Clemente I., Cal.

Variable in elevation, and in the thickening of the lip
Differs from Mellett’, Forbes, in sculpture.
[ 67 ]

ea
Mexican Species.
5. Arionta Rémondi, Tryon.

Plate 5, fig. 18.

Turbinately globose, very thin; whorls 4, scarcely striate,
(punctate when viewed with a lens,) slightly convex, the last
large, rounded; base convex; umbilicus narrow, with an an-
gled margin; aperture obliquely semilunar, lip expanded.
Light corneous, with a narrow brown band on the periphery,
and above the suture on the spire.

Diam. 17, height 12 mill.
Cinaloa, near Mazatlan.

6. Arionta Humboldtiana, Valenciennes.
Plate 6, figure 17.

Ventricose, roughly irregularly striate and wrinkled, malle-
ated ; spire small, acuminate; whorls 4, rapidly enlarging, the
last very large; aperture oblique, large, lip expanded, its ex-
tremities connected by a thin testaceous deposit; umbilicus
partly covered. Grayish-white, with three rufous bands on
and above the periphery.

Diam. 37, height 28 mill.

Mexico.
T include this species because it was figured by Dr. Binney

in his Terrestrial Mollusks, by error, as Pomatia aspersa. It
does not even belong to the same genus, although placed there

by Albers.

POLYMITA, Beck.

This group includes, according to Albers, a large collection
of West Indian species, to which we now add several Califor-
nian forms.
[ 68 ]

1. Polymita Tryonii, Newcomb.
Plate 6, figure 3.

Solid, depressly globose; spire subturbinate, obtuse, suture
well impressed; whorls 6, convex, with numerous minute re-
volving lines; aperture rounded, lip scarcely expanded, thick-
ened within; columella diagonal, with one or two obsolete
tooth-like prominences; umbilicus narrow, covered. Ashy
sky-blue above, mottled by streaks of brown, yellowish-white
below, an indistinct brown band on the periphery.

Diam. 25, height, 19 mill.
Santa Barbara and San Nicholas Isles, Cal.

Var. Superior whorls with white transverse undulating
lines.

2. Polymita intercisa, Wm. G. Binney.
Plate 6, figure 4.

Solid, globose-depressed; spire conic; whorls 5, slightly
rounded, closely deeply striate, crossed by deep revolving lines ;
aperture obliquely lunar, lip heavy, thickened, dirty white,
the extremities connected by a heavy ash-colored callus; um-
bilicus covered by the lip, whith internally at the base is fur-
nished with a tooth-like process or elevation. Grayish-yellow,
with an obscure brown band.

Diam. 22, height 15 mill.
Oregon.

 

3. Polymita areolata, Sowerby.
Plate 6, figure 5.

Globose-conic, thin, striate; spire depressed-conoidal; whorls
5, a little convex, the last slightly descending towards the
aperture, large, inflated; aperture rounded lunate, lip thicken-
ed within, columellar margin sometimes somewhat dentate,
nearly covering the narrow umbilicus; base convex. Cream-
color, ornamented with revolving series of interrupted brown
lines, light brownish or reddish within.

Diam. 26, height 18 mill.
Oregon, California.
69 ]

4. Polymita redemita, Wm. G. Binney.
Plate 6, figure 7.

Globose-conic, rather thin, wrinkled, closely and minutely
granulate; spire elevated, obtuse, suture impressed; whorls
6, convex, last quite large and rounded, depressed towards
the aperture; aperture rather large, very oblique, lip reddish
ash-color, thickened, ends approaching, entirely covering the
umbilicus. Brown, banded with chestnut above the middle.

Diam. 21, height 12 mill.

California.

Dr. Newcomb considers this a variety of Nickliniana, but it
appears to me that it is distinguished by its closed umbiljecus,
as well as by texture and color.

5. Polymita pandore, Forbes.
Plate 6, figure 8.

Depressed-globose, thin, wrinkled, minutely striate; whorls
5, the last descending towards the aperture; aperture round-
ed, the lip thickened internally, expanded, dilated and reflected,
covering the umbilicus. Brown or violet above, whitish be-
neath, the periphery encircled by a brown band, brown within,
with a white band.

Diam. 17, height 14 mill.
Santa Barbara, and Southern California.
This species is smaller, but very closely allied to P. Tryonit.

6. Polymita levis, Pfeiffer.

Plate 5, figure 21.
Plate 6, figure 6.

Globose, thin, obliquely striate, obsoletely granulate; spire
short; whorls 5, a little convex, the last inflated; aperture
rounded-lunar, lip thickened within, sometimes subdentate’ on
the columellar portion; umbilicus narrow, nearly covered by
an expansion of the lip. White, varied by series of pellucid
spots, sometimes running into stripes.

Diam. 16, height 13 mill.
Southern California.
Lae]

Dr. Newcomb states that this species is not Californian or
Oregonian, but belongs to a more southern fauna. I have
specimens, however, referable to this species, received from
Dr. Newcomb, from Bay of Monterey, Cal. as a variety of Z.
areolata. Itis more orbicular than that species, the columella
more distinctly tuberculate, and the surface more granulate.
The first figure is a copy of that given by Pfeiffer, while the
last represents a fresh and larger specimen.

7. Polymita varians, Menke.
Plate 6, figures 9-13.

Globose-conic, solid, smooth, shining, delicately striate; spire
elevated-conic; whorls 53, convex, the last broadly rounded;
aperture small, two-thirds circular, lip expanded a little, thick-
ened within, very nearly covering the umbilicus; base con-
vex. White, greenish, reddish or brown, sometimes with
black or white bands, one or more in number, disposed on
‘different portions of the surface, apex and columellar part of
the lip always rose-color.

Diam. 17, height 15 mill.
Florida. (From West Indies.)

 

TACHEA, Leach.

1. Tachea hortensis, Miller.
Plate 6, figures 14, 15.

Subglobose, smooth; spire conoidal; whorls 5, the last ven-
tricose; aperture rounded-lunar, lip dilated, thickened within;
base convex, imperforate. Yellowish, sometimes with one to
five revolving dark brown bands.

Diam. 19, height 16 mill.

New England States near the sea, and Islands on the coast.
(From Europe.)
[ 71 ]

POMATITA, Leach.

1. Pomatia aspersa, Miiller.
Plate 6, figure 16.

Subglobose, rather thin, coarsely and irregularly striate,
finely striate and finely wrinkled and indented; spire obtuse ;
whorls 4-5, moderately convex, rapidly increasing, the last
very large and ventricose; aperture large, oblique, rounded-
lunate, lip white, sharp, a little expanded, extremities con-
nected by a thin callus; umbilicus covered; base very con-
vex. Yellowish or brownish, with brown bands, crossed by
narrow undulating flammules of yellow.

Diam. 31, height 25 mill.

At various places on the Coast, New Orleans, Charleston.
Maine, Nova Scotia. (From Europe.)

 

MESODONTIN A.

Genera.

* Shell minute, margin of lip circular, its extremities
approaching and connected by a callus: not toothed.

1. Vatuontra, Risso. Shell minute, diaphanous, umbilicate ;
lip margin broadly reflected, nearly circular, white.

European; extending into the States east of the Rocky
Mountains.

** Shell large, umbilicate, lip with a small tooth at its
base ; sometimes also with a small parietal tooth.

2. Uxostoma, Albers. Shell large, globosely depressed,
aperture semicircular, lip tuberculately toothed at base.
Horn color, sometimes banded with rufous.

Alleghany Mountains, from Vermont to Tennessee, and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains.

*** Shell large, umbilicus covered or perforate, lip not
toothed ; with generally a small oblique parietal tooth.

3. Musopon, Rafinesque. Shell large, subglobose or orbicu-
larly depressed; aperture rounded lunar, the lip some-
times slightly dentately thickened at the base; parietal
tooth, when present, small; umbilicus either covered by
an expansion of the lip or partially covered. Generally
uniform pale horn color. :

10
[72]

Inhabits the entire United States, but two species only on the
Pacific slope of the continent.

**E* Shell of moderate size, turbinate or depressed ; wm-
bilicus closed ; aperture trigonal, lip with a long lam-
ellar tooth at base, and frequently a small tubercular
tooth above, a large curved lamellar parietal tooth.

4, XoLoTRema, Rafinesque. Shell uniform horn color,
depressed or turbinate, frequently angulate or carinate
on the periphery ; base convex ; aperture with always a
lamellar curved parietal tooth, and a long lamellar basal
tooth, with frequently also a small denticle on the
superior part of the lip.

Inhabits from the Alleghany to the Rocky Mountains.

EX Shell moderate in size, aperture trilobate, caused by
denticles on the superior and inferior parts of the lip,
and on the parietal wall.

+ Umbilicus open.

-. Trropopsis, Rafinesque. Shell globosely depressed, um-
bilicus open, lip teeth small, nearly equidistant. Uniform
horn color.

tt Umbilicus closed.

‘6. Isognomostoma, Fitzinger. Shell smaller, globosely
depressed, umbilicus covered by the extremity of the lip ;
aperture three-lobed, the lip teeth small, the parietal
coe larger, blade-shaped. Horn color, frequently
irsute.

Eastern, Middle and Southern States, also Europe.

KREEEK Shell small, aperture narrowly transverse, basal,
extending from the periphery to the axis of the shell ;
parietal wall with a long lamellar tooth, lip broad, with
generally a notch in the centre.

7. STENOTREMA, Rafinesque. Shell small, generally hirsute,
horn color, depressed turbinate above, very convex
below ; aperture narrow and long, basal, lip and parietal
wall subparallel, the former with a long blade-shaped
tooth, the latter either similar, with generally a notch in
‘the middle, or, the notch being wider, with two teeth;
umbilicus closed. Within the aperture, and near the
axis, may be seen an accessory column or pillar, probably
designed to assist the animal in retiring within its shell.

United States, east of Rocky Mountains.
[73 ]

ee Shell small, depressed ant ribbed-striate above,
many-whorled; periphery generally carinate; conver
beneath, showing several whorls; aperture with: a
V-shaped parietal tooth.

{t Aperture tridentate, base exhibiting one and a half to two:
whorls.

8. Dapatocuina, Beck. Shell small, depressed, ribbed-
striate, periphery angulate, below convex, showing more:
than one, sometimes nearly two, whorls, with a minute
central perforation; lip auricular, frequently expanded,
the place of the teeth being marked externally by scro-
biculations; parietal tooth V-shaped, joined by a raised
callus with the extremities of the lip.

Southern States, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, &c.

t Shell planorboid, many-whorled ; aperture with a V-
shaped tooth, but no lip teeth.

9. Potyera, Say. Shell planorboid, many-whorled, whorls
narrow, ribbed above, periphery angulate; aperture
small, subtrigonal, with a V-shaped parietal tooth, joined
by a raised callus to the extremities of the lip; below
plane, showing several whorls, with a narrow unibilicus..
Horn color.

Gulf States and West Indies, also South America.

VALLONIA, Risso.

1. Vallonia minuta, Say.
Plate 7, figure 2.

Spire depressed, convex, whorls four, the last rapidly increas-
ing and spreading at the mouth; thin, transparent, very min-
utely striated, or sometimes distantly costate; aperture orbicu-
lar, lip large, well rounded; umbilicus large. Light horn color;
with generally a greenish tinge, lip white.

Diam. 2°5 mill. ‘ .

Maine to South Carolina, and westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains.

This species was described many years ago by Mr. Say, and.
his species has since been recognized as distinct by several con-
‘PR

chologists, but the weight of opinion has been in favor of con-
sidering it identical with Vallonia pulchella of Europe. Mr.
E. §. Morse has recently critically compared the two - species,
and discovered several differences which we have been able to
confirm fully. V. minuta is more depressed, the whorls are not
as large, the aperture wider, and the labrum not so much
rounded above, while below it ends further towards the axis of
the shell; the lip of V. minuta is at an angle of 27° froma
line passing through the axis, while that of V. pulchella is 35°.
The lingual dentition also differs. In order to exhibit the above
differences in the shell satisfactorily, I have copied Morse’s
figures of V. minuta and V. pulchella, fig. 1 representing the
latter. European authors have separated from V. pulchella a
species in which the strie of growth are occasionally elevated
into ridges, under the name of V. costata. I doubt the validity
of this distinction, which is of importance to those American
conchologists who maintain the identity of our shell with the
European pulchella from the fact that in certain localities we
also have the costate variety. Helix alternata and several other
species of native Helices exhibit quite as great diversity as the
minuta in this respect, and I am inclined to attribute the develop-
ment of these ridges in the growth of the shell to local disturb-
ing influences.*

 

ULOSTOMA, Albers.
t+ Shell banded ; no parietal tooth.

1. Ulostoma profunda, Say.
Plate 7, fig. 3.

Orbicularly depressed ; whorls 5—6, convex, strongly obliquely
striate, with well-impressed suture; aperture subcircular, lip
large, white, its extremities approaching with an obtuse tooth on
the inner basal edge; base convex, umbilicus large, profound.
Light horn color, with generally a broad reddish brown band
above the periphery, and numerous narrow bands on the base,
sometimes uniform pale horn color.

Diam. 28 mill., height 15 mill.
Western New York to Virginia, and eastwards to Nebraska.

*“The molluscous fauna of Harper’s Ferry is distinguished for the de-
velopment of heavy lines of growth, and acute prominent carine on the
shells of the species; and in the terrestrial shells by the depression of
the spire.” Tryon on the Mollusca of Harper's Ferry, Va., Proceed. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861. The same features obtain in the species of the
mountainon district of East Tennessee.
[75 ]

** Unicolored, with a parietal tooth.

2. Ulostoma Sayi, Binney.
Plate 7, figure 4,

Orbicularly depressed, whorls 5—6, thin, regularly obliquely
striate; aperture suborbicular, lip white, the margin narrowly
reflected and tuberculately dentate on the base, the parietal
wall toothed ; umbilicus moderate and deep. Pale horn color.

Diam. 22, height 15 mill.

Maine to Illinois, and southwards to Pennsylvania, inhabiting
mountains and elevated districts.

MESODON, Rafinesque.

This group embraces most of the larger species of Helices in-
habiting North America east of the Rocky Mountains. In
Cuba it is replaced by Pachystoma, a genus very closely allied
in the form, size and coloration of the shell; (but in Jamaica
the larger species of shells belong to Pleurodonta, quite a dif-
ferent type in every respect). A like alliance brings very
closely together the species of Ulostoma just described, with the
numerous European genus Campylea, so that we have in the
subfamily Mesodontine first an undoubted American repre-
sentative of Vadlonia, then a magnified repetition of the same
form, with modifications in Ulostoma which is very close to
European species. This type of shell in this country appears
to have become further modified into the genus Mesodon, in
which form it has flourished exceedingly. Upon tracing Mesodon
southwards, we find the species becoming larger, heavier and
more coarsely striate, and thes: changes culminate in Pachys-
toma. The curious relation of the Pachystomee with extinct
and expiring species of land shells of Madeira is another
curious fact in conchological geography. I shall have occasion,
more than once before leaving the genera composing the sub-
family of which Mesodon is the type, to point out among the
terrestrial shells of Europe stray individuals of undoubtedly
American forms.
[+6]
* Dentate.
+ Umbilicus covered.

Mesodon albolabris, Say.
VARIETY DENTATA.
Plate 7, figure 6.
This species not unfrequently develops a tooth on the parietal
wall, (see description under section **,) and in this state it
closely resembles MM. exoleta, but may be distinguished by its

larger size, less convex body whorl, broader lip, more transverse
aperture, and generally lighter substance.

The dentate variety of alboladris has been found in Maine,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, &c.

1, Mesodon exoleta, Binney.
Plate 7, figure 8.
Ventricose, suborbicular, whorls 5—6, convex, texture heavy,
suture well marked;. body whorl large and convex; aperture

rounded, lip reflected, the parietai wall toothed; umbilicus
covered by the extremity of the lip. Light horn color.

Diam. 25, height 15 mill.

New York to Georgia, west of the Alleghany Mountains, and
extending westward to Missouri.

 

2. Mesodon dentifera, Binney.
Plate 7, figure 9.

Depressed, spire flatly convex, base well rounded, whorls 5,
delicately striate, suture distinct, but not deeply impressed;
aperture wide, lip broadly reflected and covering the umbilicus,
parietal wall armed with a prominent tooth. Yellowish horn
color.

Diam. 19 mill.
Maine to Virginia, and westward to Ohio, inhabiting mountain
ranges and highly elevated ground.

Readily distinguished from the former species by its more de-
pressed form, &c.
ee

3. Mesodon Wheatleyi, Bland.
Plate 7, figure 10.

Conoidally globose, spire somewhat elevated, with distinct
sutures, thin, closely ribbed-striate, with microscopic granula-
tions, hirsute; whorls 53, convex, the last well rounded, but
slightly depressed at the aperture, and constricted; aperture
obliquely lunate, with the parietal wall armed by a tooth; base
convex, umbilical region excavated, but imperforate. Reddish,
horn-colored, the lip rose-colored.

Diam. 14, height 7 mill.
Mountains in Cherokee County, North Carolina.

Mr. Bland remarks upon the close relationship existing
between this species and MZ. Columbiana which inhabits the
Pacific States. Each is the only hirsute species of Mesodon of
its region. The two are also allied in size, form and color.

4, Mesodon Christyi, Bland.
Plate 7, figure 11.
Depressed, spire obtuse, whorls 44, somewhat convex, de-
scending at the aperture, texture solid, with close, oblique, rib-
like striae, periphery a little angular; aperture depressed, with

a strong parietal tooth; base convex, excavated in the middle,
imperforate. Dark horn color.

Diam. 10, height 43 mill.
Mountains in Cherokee County, North Carolina.

Mesodon Roemeri, Pfeiffer.

This species is very rarely furnished with a completely-
covered umbilicus. See description in the perforate section,
species 8,
[78]
+t Umbilicus open.
t Shell rounded.

5. Mesodon thyroides, Say.
Plate 8, figure 1.

Rounded, thin, regularly and closely obliquely striate; spire
depressed, conical, suture distinct, but not deeply impressed ;
whorls 5, convex, the body large, well rounded, slightly
declining at the aperture, behind which it is a little constricted ;
aperture obliquely semilunar, the lip moderately reflected, with
a slight transverse tooth or varnish of callus near the top of
the parietal wall; umbilicus open, but partially bounded by a
raised acute dilatation of the lips. Uniform light horn or
straw color.

Diam. 25, height 16 mill.

Inhabits plentifully the whole country east of the Rocky
Mountains, but is particularly numerous in the Western States,
becoming rare in New England, and partially replaced by J.
bucculenta in the South.

This is one of our most beautiful species, its delicate tex-
ture, regular rib-like strie, pleasing color and frequently
roseate lip, give it a particularly neat aspect. Until it has
become quite mature, the only trace of the parietal tooth is
frequently a slight uncolored thickening, appearing as though
varnished. In the immature state it is likely to be confounded
with young individuals of a small variety of J. albolabris, a
species which always inhabits with it. It has also been very
generally confounded with MM. buceulenta, a smaller, more
globose shell, the description of which follows.

 

6. Mesodon bucculenta, “ould.
Plate 8, figure 2.

Globose, rather thin, with delicate, oblique, regular raised
strie; spire obtusely elevated, suture distinctly, but not
deeply, marked ; whorls 5, convex, body large, rounded com-
pastly, a very little deflected towards the aperture ; mouth
lunate, with a broad white lip, partially covering the umbili-
cus; parietal tooth sometimes scarcely developed, but occasion-

ally strong. Reddish horn color.
Diam. 16, height 10 mill.
[79]

Georgia, to Texas, Maryland, Eastern Pennsylvania, West-
ern New York.

This species is allied closely to M. thyrotdes : it differs in its
smaller size, more globular form, darker color and less open:
umbilicus, It was first described as a far Southern species, but
has been recently ascertained to be common in the Middle
States. A remarkable minor form of thyroides was described
by Mr. W. G. Binney several years ago, from: the vicinity of
Philadelphia, and he declares his inability to distinguish it
from forms of bueculenta, This shell is really ducculenta, and
its identity was first pointed out by Dr. EH. Michener, in the
American Journal of Conchology, 1865. It has also been
noticed in New York by DeKay, who described it in his
Report under the name of Helix rufa. In the neighborhood
of Philadelphia all the specimens of so-called thyroides that I
have seen are the true buceulenta.

7. Mesodon devia, Gould.
Plate 8, figure 3.

Orbicularly depressed, rather thick, strongly obliquely
striate; spire convex, suture moderately impressed ; whorls 6;
the last well rounded; aperture obliquely and transver:ely
lunate, with a widely-reflexed white lip, which is somewhat
toothed at the base, and impinges on the open umbilicus ;
parietal tooth trigonal, oblique, quite large. Dark horn color,.
nearly brown.

Diam. 20, height 11 mill.
Oregon.

 

Mesodon Columbiana.
VARIETY DENTATA.
Plate 8, figure 12,

This, which will be described among the non-dentate species,
sometimes developes a parietal tooth. Mr. Bland, several years.
ago, (Annals N. Y. Lyceum, vii.,) mentioned that his cabinet
contained a specimen with such a tooth. I have seen several
specimens of this variety, and my cabinet contains them from
three different localities. ii

*
: £80}

{tt Shell subangulate on the periphery.

8. Mesodon Roemeri, Pfeiffer.
Plate 8, figure 4.

Shell depressed, rather thin, semi-transparent, closely, but
faintly striate; spire a little elevated, suture slightly im-
pressed ; whorls 5, somewhat convex, the last one subcarinate
or angulate on the periphery, scarcely descending to the
aperture; aperture obliquely lunate, the lip well thickened,
but hardly expanded above, though becoming towards the
base well-reflected, covering partially the umbilicus, and rarely
entirely closing it’; parietal wall generally armed with a well-
developed tooth. Horn-colored.

Diam. 21, height 19 mill.
Texas.

May be distinguished at once from all the other species by
its depressed form and angulate periphery.

*% Not dentate.
+ Unmbilicus closed.
t Unicolored.

9. Mesodon major, Binney.
Plate 8, figure 5.

8

Ventricose, convex, globosely turbinate, heavy, covered with
coarse oblique strive; spire, elevated, convex, suture well im-
pressed; whorls 6, convex; the body whorl very large and
subglobular, very slightly declining; aperture small, rounded
lunate, lip thick, moderately wide, with a tooth-like elevation
at the base near the body whorl, dilated and covering the um-
bilicus. Yellowish brown.

Diam. 44, height 33 mill.
Tennessee to Florida and Alabama.

Dr. Binney first described this as a species distinct from A.
albvlabris, and separated it on account of its larger size, more
globose, elevated form, rounder aperture, coarser striae, dc.
Messrs. W. G. Binney, Newcomb, Gould and myself admit its
validity, but Mr. Bland, on the contrary, unites the two,
[81]

believing that major is only albolabris living in situations
highly favorable to its growth, and gives measurements of
specimens from different northern and southern localities,
showing a gradual increase in size, as well as variations of
form. I believe that the trie sajor inhabits the far Southern
States, where it replaces albolabris, and I doubt very much
whether it was ever found North of Southern Tennessee.

 

10. Mesodon albolabris, Say.
Plate 7, figures 5, 6, 7.

Depressed orbicular, moderately thick, closely obliquely
striate, with crowded, slightly-impressed revolving lines;
spire convex, suture not deeply impressed; whorls 5—6, flat-
tened convex, the body a little deflected at the aperture, and con-
tracted behind the lip; mouth lunar, with a widely-reflected
white lip, which, at the base, covers the umbilicus. Yellowish
brown or light chestnut color.

Variety with a parietal denticle.
Diam. 25, height 15 mill.

Inhabits from Canada to South Carolina, and westward to
Arkansas and Nebraska.

One of our most common species. This, as well as all others
of the group, when immature, is furnished with an open um-
bilicus and a sharp unreflected lip; and in this state it is ex-
ceedingly difficult to distinguish the species one from another.

 

11. Mesodon Pennsylvanica, Green.
Plate 8, figure 9.

Turbinately subglobose, moderately thick, translucent, with
crowded, elevated oblique striz; spire convexly elevated,
suture distinct; whorls 6, convex; aperture subtriangular,
contracted behind the lip, which is white, and narrowly
reflected, and slightly thickened internally at the base; um-
bilical region indented, umbilicus covered. Bright horn color.

Diam. 18—18 mill.
Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois.

This species is distinguished from M. clausa by its imper-
forate base and triangular aperture, and from the following
species by its more turbinate form, as well as by the aperture.
[82]

12. Mesodon Mitchelliana, Lea.
Plate 8, figure LO.

Subglobose, moderately thick, translucent, finely striate;
spire convexly conical, suture not deeply marked; whorls 5,
the last well rounded, contracted behind the lip above, but the
groove. becoming indistinct towards the base ; aperture rounded,

hip white, narrowly reflected ; base very convex, imperforate.
Tight horn color.

Diam. 15, height 9 mill.
Found only in Ohio.

For the distinction between MZ. Pennsylvanica and this
‘species, see the description of the former.

13. Mesodon divesta, Gould.
Plate 8, figure 11.

Depressed orbicular, moderately thick, coarsely obliquely
‘striated ; spire a little convex, with well-marked suture ; whorls
6, the last subangulate at the periphery ; aperture lunate, very
‘oblique, lip white, broadly reflected, horizontal at base, its
‘outer portion flexuous; base convex, umbilical region ex-
-cavated, but covered. Dingy horn color.

Diam. 18, height 7 mill.
Washington Springs, Arkansas.

Distinguished by its depressed form. Although described
mearly twenty years ago, no other locality than that above
given has been discovered.

tt Banded. °

14. Mesodon multilineata, Say.
Plate 8, figure 8.

Depressed orbicular, rather thin, closely obliquely striate ;
spire convexly conical, suture deeply impressed; whorls 5—6,
‘very convex, the last considerably deflected at the aperture ;
aperture lunate, the lip white, narrowly reflected and dilated
into and covering tbe umbilicus. Horn color, with more or
[83]
less numerous reddish brown revolving bards of varying
width.
Diam. 25, height 16 mill.

Western and North-western States.

This is one of. our most beautiful species, and is extremely
numerous in the region inhabited by it. A variety is occa-
sionally met with, having a uniform dark brown epidermis,
(middle figure,) and Dr. Binney mentions having seen one or
two specimens in which the epidermis was pure white.

 

++ Umbilicus open.
{ Color mottled.

15. Mesodon Townsendiana, Lea.
Plate 8, figures 6—7.

Orbicular, rather thick, with oblique, irregular, coarse striz
and fine revolving lines, the body whorl malleated obliquely ;
spire convexly conical, suture moderately impressed; whorls
53, the last somewhat deflected at the aperture; aperture
lunate, oblique, lip white, very much thickened; base convex,
umbilical region subangulate, umbilicus moderate. Yellow
and brown variegated by the malleations.

Diam. 30, height 18 mill.
Oregon.

A smaller, more compact, more elevated, not malleated
shell, which, if not distinct, may be designated as variety
minor ; inhabits Idaho and Nebraska, (fig. 6).

 

tt Unieolored.
§ Hirsute.

16. Mesodon Columbiana, Lea.
Plate 8, figures 12, 13, 14.

Depressed orbicular, covered with short close hairs arranged
in lozenge; spire depressed conical, suture well impressed ;
whorls 6, the last rapidly increasing, very convex, deeply con-
stricted behind the hp and descending to the aperture;
aperture narrowly lunate, lip white, widely reflected, partly
[ 84 ]

covering the umbilicus; base very convex. Yellowish horn
color.

Diam. 16, height 10 mill.
Oregon.

Peculiar in this group, for its very close arrangement of
short bristles all over the surface ; the old shells are frequently
denuded of these, but then the scars of their insertion are dis-
tinctly visible with a glass. As already mentioned, this spe-
cies sometimes developes a strong, oblique, parietal tooth,
(fig. 12).

 

8§ Not hirsute.

17. Mesodon Downieana, Bland.
Plate 8, figure 15.

Subglobose, thin, subpellucid, with obsolete rib-like striz
and crowded minute revolving lines; spire depressed conical,
suture moderately impressed; whorls 5, convex, the last
tumid, scarcely descending, constricted behind the lip; aper-
ture obliquely lunate, lip white, reflected narrowly, nearly
covering the umbilicus; base convex. Greenish horn color.

Diam. 10°5, height 6 mill.

University Place, Franklin County, Tennessee.
Like M. Christyi, Bland, in form, but has noparietal tooth.

18. Mesodon clausa, Say.
Flate 8, figure 16.

Subglobose, moderately thick, with fine oblique striz ; spire
convex, with distinct suture; whorls 5, convex, the last large,
contracted behind the lip; aperture rounded, lip white, nar-
rowly reflected and nearly covering the umbilicus; base very
convex. Light yellowish brown, shining.

Diam. 18—15 mill.
Inhabits all the Western States from the Great Lakes to,
Mississippi and Alabama.

This species is of the same size as M. Pennsylvanica and
M. Mitchelliana, inhabiting partially the same region. Its dis-
tinctive characters have been already pointed out. It is most
abundant in the southwest in a semi-fossil condition.

»
[ 85 ]
XOLOTREMA, Rafinesque.

There are but five species known to belong to this section of
the Helices; characterized by a lamellar tooth on the base of
the aperture, and a covered umbilicus. We first indicated its
generic value, and gave a list of species belonging to it, in the
American Journal of Conchology, p. 81,1865. These shells in-
habit the middle region of the United States rather sparingly,
being nowhere very numerous. There are two groups of species,
two of them being somewhat rounded trochiform, while the other
three are depressed, and generally furnished with an additional
tvoth on the upper part uf the labrum, making the aperture tri-
dentate.

* Shell elevated.

1, Xolotrema elevata, Say.
Plate 9, figure 1

Shell convexly conical, thick, finely obliquely striated; spire
elevated, with a well-impressed sutu.e; whorls nearly seven,
convex, slowly inéreasing, the body large and well rounded;
aperture somewhat triangular, contracted by the lip, which is
thickened, but not very broadly reflected, and covers the umbili-
cus; a long lamellar tooth occupies nearly the whole basal part
of the lip, and the pillar lip is furnished with a stout tooth, curv-
ing inwards above; the extremities of the labrum frequently
connected by a well-defined callus. Yellowish horn color.

Diam. 23, height 16 mill.

From Western New York to West Virginia, and westward to
Missouri.

Mr. W. G. Binney received two specimens, collected by the
late Major Kennicott in Wisconsin, which were remarkable from
haying each a brown band revolving upon its periphery.

 

2. Xolotrema Clarkii, Lea.
Plate 9, figure 2.
Shell globosely conical, moderately thick, finely striated ;
spire obtusely conical, suture moderate; whorls seven, convex,

slowly increasing, the body well rounded; aperture subtriangu-
lar, the lip reflected and thickened, entirely covering the um-
[86]

bilicus; a long lamellar tooth on the base of the lip, and a
strong curved tooth on the parietal wall. Reddish horn color.

Diam. 14, height 9 mill.
Cherokee County, North Carolina.

A beautiful little species, almost a pigmy elevata; the whorls
of the spire are not so convex, however, as they are in that
species.

** Shell depressed.

3. Xolotrema obstricta, Say.
Plate 9, figure 3.

Shell depressed, acutely carinated, the carinz visible on all
save the apical whorls of the spire; spire depressed convex;
whorls five, more convex below, covered with distant sharp
oblique costee, which fringe the edge of the carina in crossing it,
with frequently slight, close, revolving lines; aperture trilobate,
lip widely reflected, parietal tooth strong, oblique, superior lip
tooth small, inferior lip tooth a long blade upon the base of the
lip; umbilicus covered. Pale to dark brown.

Diam. 22, height 8 mill.
Western and Southern States.

This species differs from the following in being always strongly
carinate, and in not having hispid epidermal projections.

; 4. Xolotrema palliata, Say.
Plate 9, figure 4.

Shell depressed above, a little more convex below, with ele-
vated oblique ribs, the epidermis rugose, with close, minute his-
pid prominences ; whorls five, not very convex, subangulate to
carinate at the periphery; aperture trilobate, caused by three
teeth, the largest of which is parietal and oblique, the others are
respectively on the upper and lower portions of the labrum, the
lower one being blade-shaped; umbilicus covered. Light to
dark brown.

Diam. 28, height 10 mill.

Alleghany Mountains and westward, Vermont, (W. G. Bin-
ney,) Iuwa, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, &c.
{ 87]

5. Xolotrema appressa, Say.
Plate 9, figures 11, 7.

Shell depressed ; spire only slightly raised, suture distinct ;
whorls 5, a little convex, the last subangulate at the periphery,
and constricted behind the widely-reflected lip of the aperture;
obliquely ribbed-striate above, smooth beneath; aperture trilo-
bate, with a long oblique parietal tooth and two smali lip teeth,
of which one is on the upper and the other on: the lower part of
the lip; umbilicus filled by a deposit of callus. Yellowish horn
color.

Diam. 18 mill:

Principally west of the Alleghany Mountains, from New
York to Georgia, and westwards to Alabama, Tennessee and
Illinois. Wilmington, N. C., and City Point, Va., (Thomas
Bland).

Much smaller in size, and without the hispid surface of X.
palliata ; itis also flatter. Sometimes the lip teeth are not well

developed. (Fig. 7.)

TRIODOPSIS Rafinesque.

This genus differs from the foregoing in the following particu-
lars :—The umbilicus is open, the basal tooth of the tridentate
aperture is tubercular instead of lumelliform, and the shell is
smaller.

The species are widely distributed, some of them being found
in all parts of the United States, and a few as far to the south-
wards as Central America. The species of Triodopsis, like
those of some other groups, in their distribution seem to mutually
replace one another, thus forming, in the opinion of the older
writers, geographical varieties rather than species. That several
of them had a common parentage is obvicus ; but, inasmuch as
the departure of each from the common type, though Slight, ap-
pears to be permanent, these forms must be regarded as true
species.

 

1, Triodopsis tridentata, Sv.y.
Plate 9, figures 6, 13.

Shell depressed, spire somewhat convex, suture moderately
impressed ; whorls 5—6, a little convex, obliquely ridged-striate ;
aperture trilobate, lip widely reflected, on the parietal wall is

12*
[88 J

placed an oblique tooth, and small marginal teeth are on the
upper and the basal portions of the labrum respectively; base
convex, umbilicus open and deep. Horn color.

Diam. (large var.) 23, height 9 mill.; (small var.,) diam. 13,
height 5°5 mill.

Inhabits all the States east of Rocky Mountains.

This shell is generally Jarger than the next, from which it
differs in having a more depressed form and much smaller teeth.

2. Triodopsis fallax, Say.
Plate 9, figure 12.

Shell convex, spire somewhat elevated, suture distinct ; whorls
5, moderately convex, obliquely coarsely striate; aperture trilo-
bate, the parietal lamelliform tooth large and oblique, the lip
teeth large and flattened, the upper one deflected into the aper-
ture; base moderately convex, umbilicus open. Light horn
color.

Diam. 11, height 6 mill.
Inhabits the whole country east of Rocky Mountains.

This shell, as mentioned under the description of 7. tridentata,
differs from that species by its smaller size, more elevated spire
and larger teeth; the upper lip tooth is remarkable, being quite
large, somewhat blade-shaped, and its surface bent into the
aperture. I regard this shell as fallax, in deference to the
opinions of Messrs. W. G. Binney, Bland, &c., but the fact is
that Say confounded two species under this name, and his
description is actually drawn up from a specimen of introferens,
var. minor, as fallax is not found in the vicinity of Philadel-
phia—the habitat given by Say.

3. Triodopsis introferens, Bland.
Plate 9, figure 5.

Depressed, thin, with rib-like striz ; spire convex, but slightly
elevated; whorls 5—6, somewhat rounded, the last descending,
constricted behind the lip, with exterior pits marking the posi-
tion of the lip teeth within the aperture, periphery subangular ;
aperture trilobate, parietal tooth oblique, lamelliform, basal lip
tooth submarginal, lamelliform, continued within the aperture,
[ 89]

where it forms a strong white tubercle, upper lip tooth trans-
verse, and opposite to the external periphery; base convex, um-
bilicate, grooved within the umbilicus. Yellowish horn color.

Diam. 11—15, height 6—7 mill.

North Carolina ; vicinity of Philadelphia, Pa., (small variety).
Distinguished immediately from tridentata and fallax by its nar-
rower umbilicus and groove, and especially by its tubercular
basal tooth. See description of 7. fallaz.

4. Triodopsis Hopetonensis, Shuttleworth.
Plate 9, figure 9.

Depressed, thin, ribbed-striate; spire obtusely convex, but
not much elevated, suture distinct ; whorls 53, somewhat convex,
more convex beneath, constricted behind the aperture; aperture
trilobate, a sharp parietal tooth and a smal] submarginal one on
the upper and the lower lip; narrowly umbilicated. Light horn
color.

Diam. 18, height 6 mill. (Var. major.)

Sullivan’s Island, 8. C.; Hopeton and St Simon’s Isle, Geo. ;
Florida.

Distinguished from fallax by its smaller umbilicus, less
thickened lip and teeth, and by the latter being more remote,
one from another. The dimensions given above are those of a
large specimen; ordinarily they attain but two-thirds of the
size.

5. Triodopsis Yucantanea, Morelet.
Plate 9, figure 17.

Shell depressed, almost flat above, but quite convex below the
angular periphery; whorls five, obliquely ridged above and
striate beneath, constricted behind the reflected lip; aperture
trilobate, parietal tooth very oblique, nearly V-shaped, with one
lip tooth opposite to it, and a smaller erect one upon the centre
of the basal portion of the lip; umbilicus rather wide and deep.
Light horn color.

Diam. 8, height 8 mill.

Isle of Carmen, Yucatan.
[90 ]

This species is introduced to show that a form very closely
allied to our own shells, inhabits a far-distant locality. Probably
the intermediate country of Mexico contains undiscovered species
exhibiting the same characteristics. The spire is represented
too much elevated in the figure.

6. Triodopsis vultuosa, Gould.
Plate 9, figure 14,

Shell globosely depressed, closely delicately striate, rather
solid; spire convex, not much elevated, suture well impressed;
whorls 53, convex, slowly increasing, the last subangular, and
deflected at the aperture, well rounded below, with a moderate
umbilicus ; aperture lunate, its outline somewhat sinuous, parietal
tooth a broad lamina, oblique, joined to the lip below. lower lip
‘tooth small, upper lip tooth expanded and reflexed. Dark horn
«color.

Diam. 10, height 5 mill.
Texas.
Intermediate between H. fallax and H. Texasiana.

7. Triodopsis Mullani, Bland and Cooper.
Plate 9, figure 15.

Shell globosely depressed, irregularly striate, shining, with a
thin epidermis, covered with minute spiral lines and tubercles,
(the latter probably the scars of hairs); whorls 6, convex, much
‘constricted behind the aperture, and smoother on the ‘base;
aperture trilobate, parietal tooth small, linguiform, lower lip
tooth lamelliform, upper one small, and sometimes obsolete ; um-
bilicus moderate, partially covered by the lip. Dark horn color.

Diam. 13-5, height 7 mill.
Washington Territory and Oregon.

Darker in color, with smaller umbilicus and differently formed
teeth from tredentata.
[91]

8. Triodopsis loricata, Gould.
Plate 9 figures 16, 19.

Shell small, orbicularly depressed; spire convex, not much
elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 5, convex, thin, ob-
liquely striate, with small epidermal scales or scars, and in fresh
specimens hispid, very much contracted behind the lip; aperture
transversely trilobate, the very oblique parietal tooth quite
small, and the two lip teeth merely slight elevations of the sur-
face ; base very convex, umbilicus narrow and deep, slightly
circumscribed by the lip. Dark horn color.

Diam. 6, height 4 mill.
- 8 *§ @ © (rar. mapor,

California.

In gencral appearance this shell is singularly allied to Steno-
trema monodon ; it is distinguished principally by the small,
scarcely-developed lip teeth, and by its geographical distribu-
tion. The roughened appearance of the epidermis, as it gener-
ally exists when denuded of hairs, being the scars of their
insertion; is another link connecting this with Stenotrema.

ISOGNOMOSTOMA, Fitzinger.

This genus has for its type Helix personata of Lamarck, a
common European shell, with which the two following species
are closely allied. The shells are more elevated, and revolve
* more closely than in‘ T'riodopsis, appearing, when viewed from
above, to be very like Stenotrema. The umbilicus is covered in

this, differing from the last genus, as well as by the generally
smaller size.

1. Isognomostoma inflecta, Say.
Plate 9, figure 10.

Shell depressed, convex; spire slightly raised, suture not
deep; whorls 5, minutely obliquely striate, sometimes hirsute,
very much contracted behind the lip; aperture trilobed, parietal
tooth almost transverse, large and blade-shaped, basal lip tooth
a small upright tubercle, upper lip tooth in the middle of the
[92]

outer lip, a somewhat larger tubercle, and inflected, lip covering
the umbilicus. Light horn color.

Diam. 11, height 4°5 mill.
Western Pennsylvania to Michigan, and southwards to Texas.

The constriction of the whorl behind the aperture is so great
in this species that the reflected lip does not project beyond the
general circumference of the shell.

2. Isognomostoma Rugeli, Shu'tleworth.
Plate 9, figure 8.

Shell convex, depressel, rather smooth; spire convex, but
little elevated, suture well marked; whorls 53, narrow, closely
revolving, the last very much contracted in the centre behind
the lip; aperture small, with a prominent bent, oblique parietal,
lamellar tooth, a small upright tubercular basal tooth, and a
large lamellar tooth opposite to the parietal tooth, and situated
entirely farther within the aperture; base convex, umbilicus
covered. Light horn color.

Diam. 10—13, height 5—6, mill.
Tennessee and North Carolina.

Easily distinguished from J. inflecta by its upper lip tooth,
situated far within the aperture.

STENOTREMA, Rafinesque.

In this genus the shell is orbicular and generally hirsute, the
whorls revolve closely, and the aperture is basal and narrowly
transverse, extending from the periphery to the axis. In most
of the species the dentition of the aperture in Stenotrema is
peculiar to this genus—namely, a long transverse parietal blade
and a parallel thickening of the basal portion of the lip, which
is frequently incised in the middle.

Stenotrema inhabits the entire extent of the United States,
and several of its species are widely diffused, whilst others, on.
the contrary, are extremely local, aud two or three of them very
rare and highly esteemed.
[93]

* Umbilicus open, or partly covered.

1. Stenotrema monodon, Rackett.
Plate 9, figures 18, 20.

Shell convex, depressed ; spire slightly elevated, suture very
distinct ; whorls 5, convex, narrow, finely striated and minutely
hirsute, or covered with the scars of the hairs, deeply grooved
behind the reflected lip ; aperture transverse, with a long oblique
parietal tooth, outer lip narrowly reflected, its basal termination
more or less encroaching on the umbilicus; under surface very
convex, much impressed around the deep, narrow, more or less
closed axis. Dark horn color.

Diam. 7—10, height 833—54 mill.

Inhabits the whole country east of the Rocky Mountains.

This is a somewhat variable species, and varieties of it have
been considered distinct by several American conchologists.
The typical monodon is supposed to be restricted to those species
of large growth and open umbilicus, while fraterna, of Say, is
the name applied to those having the umbilicus covered. A
more convex variety, with narrower whorls, and generally smaller
size, is called H. Leati, Ward. We are told that the latter
affects moist situations, while the true monodon inhabits dry
places. I agree with Messrs. Binney and Bland in believing
that we have not yet sufficient data to justify the separation into
species of these varieties of monodon. ‘

 

** Umbilicus closed.
+ Periphery rounded.
t Outer lip incised in the middle.

2. Stenotrema stenotrema, Ferussac.
Plate 9, figures 21, 30.

Shell subglobose, depressed; spire convex, somewhat conical,
suture well impressed; whorls 5, well rounded, narrow, slowly
increasing in size, subangulate on the periphery, more convex
below, and slightly impressed in the umbilical region, finely
striate, and covered with close short hairs; aperture very narrow,
extending to the axis of the shell below, and almost closed by
the long lamelliform, outwardly projecting parietal tooth, the
narrow depressed outer lip is reflected close upon the whorl, with
a small triangular notch in its centre. Chestnut brown, lips
white or pink.

Diam. 10, height 6 mill.

Western and Southern States.
[94]

3. Stenotrema hirsuta, Say.
Plate 9, figure 24.

Shell subglobese, hairy ; spire convex, elevated, suture deep ;
whorls 5, well rounded, periphery subangulate, shell very convex
below, umbilicus covered ; aperture narrowly transverse, nearly
closed by the lamelliform parietal tooth, the outer lip witha tri-
angular notch upon its basal portion. *

Diam. 6, height 4 mill.
New England, Middle and Western States.

The following are the chief differences between this species
and the preceding :—Hirsuta is smaller, more globose, its
parietal tooth somewhat sinuous, and terminating abruptly, and
the lip notch larger proportionally. S. stenotrema has a smaller
and more central lip netch, and its large parietal tooth is regu-
larly bow-shaped over its edge, instead of being sinuous and ab-
ruptly terminated. The species are both of them widely dis-
tributed, but the range of Airsuta is far greater than that of
stenotrema.

tt Outer lip not incised in the middle.

4, Stenotrema maxillata, Gould.
Plate 9, figures 31, 35.

Shell small, globose; spire conical, convex, suture well im-
pressed, subangular on the periphery, and ‘more convex below;
whorls 5, narrow; aperture transverse, nearly filled by a long
lamellar parietal tooth, lip closely appressed, narrow, with a
lamina behind its margin, and scarcely visible on account of the
parietal tooth being in front of it; this lamina tapers out to the
margin of the lip at its superior termination; umbilicus covered.
Light chestnut color.

Diam. 6, height 4 mill.
Tennessee, Chattahoochee River, Georgia.

Readily distinguished from hirsuta by its entire lip and the
raised lamellar tooth behind it.
[95]

5. Stenotrema germana, Gould.
Plate 9, figures 22; 23.

Shell small, solid, imperforate ; spire depressed conical above ;
‘whorls 5, narrow, subangular at the periphery, and very con-
vex below ; aperture narrowly transverse, the parietal wall with
a long blade-shaped tooth. Horn color, with a few scattered
hairs.

Diam. 7:5, height 5 mill.
Oregon.

‘Very like 8. monodon, but the base is more convex, and not
indented around the axis. The hairs are much fewer in number
than in S. hirsuta.

tt Periphery carinate.
t Outer lip incised in the middle.

§ Lenticular species.

6. Stenotrema spinosa, Lea.
Plate 9, figures 26, 28, 29.

Lenticular, upper surface depressed conical, suture slightly
marked ; whorls 6, flat above, carinate at the periphery, and
convex below, slowly increasing in size, and covered with pros-
trate hairs in fresh specimens ; aperture very narrow, lip slightly
reflected and thickened, slightly incised in the middle, parietal
tooth long, narrow, projecting, extending from the axis to the

angle of the lip above; umbilical region slightly indented. Dark
chestnut color.

Diam. 14, height 5 mill.

Mountainous regions of East Tennessee, and the northern
parts of Alabama and Georgia.

The revolution of the whorls of the spire causes a very
slight projection of the carina of each at the suture. Young
shells are widely umbilicate, with hairs covering the surface, and
projecting around the periphery like a fringe.

18*
[96]

7, Stenotrema Edgariana, Lea.
Plate 9, figure 27.

Shell somewhat lenticular ; spire depressed trochiform. suture
distinct ; whorls 5, flattened above, periphery carinate, the base
convex, imperforate; aperture narrowly transverse, the outer
lip notched in the. middle, the parietal lip with a long blade-
shaped tooth. Dark brown, hairy when fresh.

Diam. 10, alt. 5 mill.
Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee.

Smaller, more elevated, and more convex beneath, than 8.
spinosa. The parietal tooth most resembles that of JS. steno-
trema, while the form of that of 8. spinosa is more like that of
hirsuta. Another difference is in the suture, which, in the
present species, is well marked.

§§ Elevated Species.

8. Stenotrema Edwardsii, Bland.
Plate 9, figure 34.

Lenticular, imperforate, carinate, obsolete near the aperture,
rather thin; spire slightly convex; whorls 5, narrow, slowly in-
creasing, with flat or erect bristles on the epidermis, or their
scars when denuded of them ; base very convex, but slightly in-
dented around the axis, with impressed spiral lines under the
epidermis ; aperture narrow, transverse, with a narrow, slightly-
curved, blade-shaped parietal tooth, upper margin of the lp
scarcely reflected, basal portion reflected a little, and appressed
partially to the body whorl, with a tooth-like callus within, and
an almost obsolete central notch. Dark brown.

Diam. 9, alt. 5 mill.
Mountains in Fayette, or Green Brier County, Virginia.

This shell differs from 8. Acrsuta in its angulated periphery,
and less distinct notch in the lip. ‘

 

9. Stenotrema labrosa, Bland.
Plate 9, figure 25.

Shell imperforate, lenticular, carinated, solid, finely obliquely
striate, epidermis thin, with prostrate hairs when fresh; spire
[97]

slightly raised, suture a little impressed; whorls 53, narrow,
slowly enlarging, the last deflexed and constricted behind the
lip; aperture transverse, narrow, ear-shaped, the extremities of
the lip connected by a callus and a long blade-shaped tooth upon
the body whorl, lip with a deep, wide notch in the middle. Dark
brown.
Diam. 12°5, alt. 6-5 mill.
Arkansas, Alabama and Tennessee.

Distinguished from’ S. Edgariana by the thickened and re-
flected lip, and its deep, wide notch.

 

tt Outer lip not incised in the middle.

10. Stenotrema barbigera, Redfield.
Plate 9, figures 32, 32.

Shell somewhat lenticular, sharply carinate, the carinz of the
spire whorls overlapping the suture; spire convexly conical;
whorls flattened, narrow, 54 in number; base convex ; aperture
narrow, transverse, extending from the periphery to the axis,
which is covered by the lip; lip reflected, not dentate or in-
cised, parietal tooth, a long lamina running parallel with it.
Dark horn color, epidermis striate, hirsute, forming cilia on the
periphery.

Diam. 10, height 6 mill.

North West Georgia.

Like the other carinate Stenotreme, this is a mountain species,
and inhabits the same region. It is readily distinguished from
its allies by the absence of a lip notch.

DADALOCHILA, Beck.

This is a very peculiar group, embracing quite a number of
species of subtropical distribution, most of the species occurring
in the southern Gulf States, and in Texas and Mexico; they
pass the Rocky Mountains, and appear on the west coast of
Mexico. Owing to the comparatively unexplored countries
which they inhabit, the species of Dadalochila have generally
been only recently described, and it is not at all unlikely that
many additional ones remain to be characterized.

An general appearance the species are very closely allied, one
with another, and the differences are generally found in the
teeth and shape of the apertures,
[98 ]
* Margin of aperture regular.

With two small marginal teeth on its outer lip.
9 ip
{ Diameter — 6 millimetres.

1. Deedalochila leporina, Gould.
Plate 10, figures 1, 4. ‘

Shell small, lenticular, slightly hairy, minutely striate; spire
convex, depressed; whorls 5, somewhat convex, the last sub-
angulate at the periphery; base convex, the umbilicus nearly
‘covered, umbilical region excavated; aperture lunate, lip incum-
bent, reflexed, with a central sinus, the sides of which are
formed by two teeth, parietal tooth V-shaped. Chestnut color,
the lip sometimes roseate.

Diam. 5, height 3 mill.
Georgia, Arkansas, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Tennessee.

Tt will be seen that this species has a wide distribution,
although it has only been noticed hitherto at one or two places
in each of the States mentioned.

2. Dedalochila pustuloides, Bland.
Plate 10, figures 2, 3.

Shell small, planorboid, thin, delicately striate, slightly hir-
sute ; spire scarcely elevated; whorls 43, narrow, a little con-
vex above, subangular at the periphery, and quite convex below,
gibbous, constricted and suddenly deflexed at the aperture;
aperture lunate with a lamelliform parietal tooth joined to the
upper extremity of the lip by a sharp callus, outer lip reflected,
thickened within, with two internal teeth, and a deep notch
between them; umbilicus wide and deep. Horn color.

Diam. 5'5, height 2°5 mill.
Alabama; near Darien, Georgia.

Respecting this species, Mr. Bland says, “‘ H. pustuloides is
intermediate in size between H. pustula and H. leporina, is.
less globose than the former, and more sparingly hirsute. It
differs widely from both in the character of, the umbilicus; the
aperture is much like that of pustuda, but more narrow than that
of leporina. The inferior tooth on the peristome is more de-
veloped laterally than in H. pustula—indeed, it has a some-
what bifid appearance, in which respect it is more allied to H.
leporina.
199]

3. Dedalochila pustula, Ferussac.
Plate 10, figures 6, 17.

Shell small, depressed, lightly striate; spire scarcely raised,
suture well impressed; whorls 4, convex, subargulate on the
periphery, and more convex below it, deflected at the aperture;
aperture narrow, arcuate, impinging on the umbilicus; teeth as
usual in the group, viz., one V-shaped parietal tooth and two
tubercular lip teeth margining a central notch; umbilicus small
and deep, with a groove revolving within it, which forms a raised
Jamina on the basal part of the interior of the shell. Reddish

“brown, with short hairs.

Diam. 5, height 8 mill.
Texas, Georgia; St. Augustine, Florida.

This shell and pustwloddes were confounded by authors until
recently distinguished, and the latter described by Bland. D.
pustula is distinguished by its narrower umbilicus, and the um-
lical groove, and corresponding raised internal lamina; the lat-
ter is only to be seen by breaking the whorl.

+

 

4. Dedalochila Texasiana, Moricand.
Plate 10, figures 5, 36, 38.

Shell orbicular, depressed, rather solid, ridged above, smooth
below; spire scarcely elevated, suture moderately impressed ;
whorls 5, slightly convex above, subangular at periphery, quite
convex below, deflected at the aperture; aperture crescentic,
with the lip margins joined by a large V-shaped tooth on the
body whorl, outer lip with two denticles closely placed, and a pit
between them; umbilicus minutely perforate. Pale horn color.

Diam. 9, height 4 mill.

Texas; Tamaulipas, Mexico.

 

5. Dedalochila triodontoides, Bland.
Plate 10, figures 10, 31.

Perforate, orbicular, depressed, thin, subpellucid, obsoletely
striate above, smooth beneath; whorls 5, somewhat convex, de-
flexed at the aperture, subangulate on the periphery, and very
convex below; aperture lunate, oblique, the extremities of the
[ 100 J

reflected lip connected on the body whorl by a V-shaped tooth,
the lip having two small teeth situated far apart, one on the cir-
cumference the other on the base. Pale norn color.
Diam. 9:5, alt. 5 mill.
De Witt County, Texas; Corpus Christi, Texas.

More delicate, not as distinctly ribbed, more elevated than D.
Texasiana ; the lip teeth also are smaller and farther apart.

6. Dedalochila ventrosula, Pfeiffer.
Plate 10, figures 39, 35.

Orbicular, depressed, minutely perforated, thin, shining; spire
slightly raised, suture well impressed; whorls 5, but little con-
vex, finely striate above, smooth and very convex beneath,’ the
periphery subangulate, much constricted behind the aperture;
aperture rounded lunate, the terminations of the lip joined by a
V-shaped parietal tooth; basal portion of lip with two white
denticles, and circumference with a lurge Jamellar tooth. Horn
color.

Diam. 8, height 4:5 mill.
Texas and Mexico.
Sometimes attains to one-half larger size.

7. Deedalochila Hindsi, Pfeiffer.
Plate 10, figures 44, 24.

Shell depressed, orbicular, narrowly umbilicate, finely striate,
diaphanous, shining; spire somewhat conical; whorls 5, but
slightly convex, more convex below, deflected at the aperture and
constricted behind it; apertur: lunate, the lip slightly reflected,
and its extremities united on the body whorl by a callus and a
V-shaped tooth; on the lip are two small basal teeth and a large

lamellar tooth opposite to the parictal one. Color light cor-
neous.

Diam. 8, alt. 4.5 mill.

Texas and Mexico.
{ 101 4
tt Diameter — 10 millimetres.

8. Dedalochila tholus, W. G. Binney.
Plate 10, figures 7, 9.

Shell solid, white, shining, ribbed above, smooth below: spire
depressed, conical, suture distinct; whorls 7, convex, slightly
angular on the periphery; umbilicus broad and shallow, about
half the diameter of the shell, showing 23 grooved whorls;
aperture semi-oval, with a thickened, scarcely reflected lip
bearing one median and one basal tooth—both small, parietal
tooth large, rhomboidal.

Diam. 11, height 4 mill.

Texas.

9. Dedalochila Mooreana, W. G. Binney.
Plate 10, figure 8.

Depressed, carinated, white, strongly striate above and nearly
smeoth beneath; spire somewhat raised, suture deep; whorls 6,
the last much deflexed at the aperture; umbilicus narrower than
in D. tholus, exhibiting 14 whorls fully ; aperture semi-oval, lip
broad, heavy, but slightly reflected with two marginal teeth, of
which one is basal, and the other sub-basal, parietal tooth large,
rhomboidal. .

Diam. 10, height 35 mill. |

Texas.
It is questionable whether this and the forgoing are not varie-

ties of the same species. The only difference is in the narrower

umbilicus, broader lip and lower position of the lip-teeth in
Mooreana.

*
*

Mexican Species.
10. Dedalochila Behrii, Gabb.
Plate 10, figures 40, 41, 43.
Shell planorboid, coarsely ridged above, striate below;
whorls 5, quite ¢onvex, subangular at the periphery and very

much deflected and constricted behind the aperture; umbilicus
broad with a minute central perforation; aperture rounded, the
f 102 4

lip expanding, its extremities approaching and connected by a
large V-shaped tooth, there is also a large marginal basal tooth,
and a smaller tubercular tooth on the middle of the lip. White,
(bleached).

Diam. 15, height 4.5 mill.

Guaymas, Mexico.

 

tt With three small marginal teeth on the outer lip.
. *
*x *

Mexican Species.
-1l. Dedalochila acute-dentata, W. G. Binney.
Plate 10, figures 11, 13.

Shell planorboid, whitish, smooth, whorls 6, very convex, spire
scarcely elevated, suture distinct; the body whorl oblique, in-
flated, deflected at the aperture and scrobiculate behind the lip;
aperture small, ringent, lip circular, its extremities joined by a
broad angular tooth on the body whorl; there are three lip
teeth, one of them on the basal edge, perpendicular and short,
the other two are further within and form slight elongated hori-
zontal lamin, causing pits on the outer surface of the whorl.

Diam. 14, alt. 4 mill.
Cinaloa, on Mazatlan River, Mexico.

12. Dedalochila Loisa, W. G. Binney.
Plate 10, figures 12, 14.

Shell planorboid, whitish, scarcely striate, suture slight;
whorls 5, the last somewhat swollen, deflected channelled, and
with two pits behind the lips; aperture ringent, 5-dentate, one
on the parietal wall, large subtrigonal, connecting the lip ex-
tremities, the heavy lip slightly reflected, is armed with four
teeth, two of them short, stout and perpendicular on the edge
near the columella, while superior to them and farther within
are two short, slender horizontal lamine.

Diam. 18, alt. 5 mill.
Cinaloa, on Mazatlan River, Mexico.

Perhaps only a variety of D. acute-dentata, in which an ad-
ditional basal tooth takes the place of a scarcely tooth-like
elevation in the typical acute-dentata.
[ xi. ]

HELICODISCUS.
Fig.60. H. pingata, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
i, p. 18, (1817.)
Binney, 1. c,, ii., p. 261, t. 48, fig. 1, (1851.)

PSEUDOHYALINA.

(See fig. 59.)
“ 61. P. incrustaTa, Poey. Memorias, 1., p. 208,
212, t. 12, figs. 11-16, (1852.)
W. G. Binney, 1. c., iv., p. 68, )1859.)
Hi. saxicoia, (not of Pfeiffer,) Binney, 1. c.,
il, p. 174, t. 29a, fig. 4, (1851.)
“ 62. P. minuscuLa, Binney. l.c., ii, p.221,t. 17a,
fig. 2, (1851.)
H. minutalis, Morelet, Testacea Novissima, ii.,
p. 7, (1851.)
HT. apex, Adams, Cont. to Conch., p. 36, (1849.)

H. Lavalleana, H. Mauriniana, D’Orb., Moll.
Cuba, p. 161, t. 8, figs. 20-22, (1853.)

CONULUS.
(See figs. 37, 38.)

“ 63. C. MinuTissima, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos.
Sot., ix, p. 17, (1844) ,
W.G. Binney, 1. ¢., iv., p. 100, t. 77, figs. 6,
7, (1859.)

H. minuscula, Binney, ii., p. 221, (1851.)

“ 64. G. GunDLACcHI, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv.
fiir Naturgesch., i., p. 250, (1840.)

HT. eqena, Gould, (not of Say,) in Binney, l.c.,
iL, p. 245, t. 22a, fig. 8, (1851.)
PSEUDOHYALINA.
(See Species 59.)
“ 65. P. timaTuLa, Ward. Binney, 1. c., ii, p. 219,
t. 80, fig. 2, (1851.)
PATULA.
(See Species 58.)

P. WuitnEy!l, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 118, (1864.)

P. CRONKHITEI, Newcomb, l.c., p. 180, (1865.)

No. i
No. 5.
fb eee]

HELICID.

SYNoNYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 5.

HYGROMIA.

Fig. 1. H. nurgscens, Pennant. British Zoology, fig.
34, (1776.) No. 1.

“ 2. H. HIspIpA, Linneus. Systema Nature, p.
1244, Edit. Gmel., (1790.) No. 2.

“ & H. gesuna, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
ii,, p. 158, (1821.) No. 8.
H. Mobiliana, Lea. Proc. Amer. Philosoph.
Soe., ii, p. 82, (1841.)
Binney, Terrest. Moll, ii, p. 172, t. 42, fig.
2, (1851.)

“ 4, H. BERLANDIERIANA, Moricand. Memoires de
Soc. de Histoire Nat. de Genéve, vi., p. 537,
t. 1, fig. 1, (1833.) No. 4.
Binney, Terrest. Moll, ii, p. 109, t. 49, fig.
1, 1851.)

“ 5, H.GRISEOLA, Pfeiffer. Symbole ad Hist. Hel.,
i, p. 41, (1841.) No. 5.
W.G. Binney, Terr. Moll. iv., p. 50, t. 77,
fig. 20, (1859.)
HZ. albocincta et albozonata, Binney. 1. ¢. i, p.
128, t. 2, (1851.)

¥

AGLAJA.
« 6. A. INFUMATA, Gould. Proc. Boston Soe. Nat.
Hist., v., p. 187, (1855.) No. 1.

Binney, 1. ¢. ili, p. 18, (1857.)
W.G. Binney, 1. c., t. 79, fig. 2, (1859.)

“ 7, A, HILLEBRANDI, Newcomb. Proc. California
Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 115, (1864.) No. 2.
Fig. 8.

«10.

1

" 12,

“ 13.

“ 14,

“ 15.

* 16.

[ xiii.] |

A. FIDELIS, Gray. Proc, Zool. Soc., London,
p. 67, (1884.) No. 3.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 14, (1859.)
H. Nuttalliana, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
vi, p. 88, t. 23, fig. 74, (1839.)
Binney, 1. ¢. ii, p. 159, t. 18, (1851.)

. A. ANACHORETA, W.G. Binney. Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, ix., p. 185,
(1857.) No. 4.
Terr. Moll, iv., p. 11, t. 76, fig. 5, (1859.)

A. ARRosA, Gould. W. G.Binney, l.c., p.15,
t. 76, fig. 4, (1859.) No. 5.
EH. eruginosa, Gould. (Pre-oc.) Proc. Bost.Soc.
Nat. Hist., v., p. 187, (1855.)
Binney, 1. ¢. iii, p. 12, (1857.)

A. EXARATA, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon-
don, p. 108, (1857.) ; No. 6.
W. G. Binney, 1. c, p.18, (1859.)

A. AYRESIANA, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 108, (1861.) No. 7.

A. Nicxuiniana, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos.
Soe., vi, p. 100, t. 28, fig. 84, (1839.) No. 8.
Binney, 1. c., p. 119, t. 6a, not plate 6, (1851.)
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 7, (1859.)

A. CARPENTER, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad.

Nat. Sciences, p. 103, (1861.) No. 9.
A. TUDICOLATA, Binney. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
iv., p. 360, t. 20, (1842.) No. 10.

Binney, Terrest. Moll., ii., p.118, t.16, (1851.)
W. G. Binney, 1. c., p. 7, (1859.)

A. Bripgesi1, Newcomb. Proce. Cal. Acad.

Nat. Sciences, p. 91, (1861.) No. 11.
A. MoRMOoNUM, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc.,
London, p. 109, (1857.) No. 12.

W.G. Binney, l.c., p. 15, t. 79, fig. 21, (1859.)

A. RAMENTOSA, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vi. p. 187, (1855.) No. 138.
Binney, l. ¢. iii, p. 12, (1857.)

A. TRASKII, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 91, (1861.) No. 14,
[ xiv. ]

Fig.17. A. DupetitHouarstt, Deshayes. Revue Zool.,’
p. 860, (1839.) No. 15.
Binney, 1. ¢. iii, p. 18, (1857.) ;
W.G. Binney, |. c., p. 15, t. 76, fig. 9, (1859.)
HH. Oregonensis, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos.
Soe., vi, p. 100, (1839.)
(See also pl. 6, figs. 18, 19, 20.)

ARIONTA.

“ 18, A. Rimonpi, Tryon. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci-
ences, Philadelphia, p. 281, t. 2, fig. 1,

(1863.) No. 5.
“ 19, A. Vertcui, Newcomb, MS. No. 1.
“ 20, A. CALIFORNIENSIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos.

Soc., vi, p. 99, t. 23, fig. 79, (1839.) No. 2.

Binney, l. c. ii, p. 121, t. 6, fig. 2, (1851.)

H. vincta, Valenciennes, Voy. Venus Moll, t.
1, fig. 2.

(See also pl. 6, figs. 1 et seq.)

POLYMITA.
“ 21, P. Levis, Pfeiffer. (See pl. 6, fig. 6.)

HELICID.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 6.

ARIONTA.
(Plate 5, figs. 18 et seg )

“ 1, A KELLeTI, Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon-
don, p. 55, t. 9, fig. 2, a. 6, (1850.) No. 8.

W.G. Binney, l.c., p.17, t.76, fig. 12, (1859.)

“" 2, A. CREBRISTRIATA, Newcomb. Proce. Califor-
nia Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 116, (1864.) No. 4.

(See also fig. 17.)
ay. |

POLYMITA.
(See Plate 5, fig. 21.)

¥ig.8. P. Tryontt, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat.
: Sciences, p. 116, (1864.) No. 1.

« 4, P,inrercisa, Wm. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, ix. p. 18,
(1857.) No. 2.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll, iv., P- 8, (1859.)
H Nickliniana, var. Binaey, L c. ii, p. 120, t.
6, fig. 1 (middle,) (1851.)

« 5. P. AarREOLATA, Sowerby. Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift
fir Malak., p. 154, (1845.) No. 3.
Binney, l. ¢. iii. , p. 14, (1857.)
W. G: Binney, 1. c, p. 19, t. 76, fig. 11, 3,
(1859.)
“6. P.tevis, Pfeiffer. Zeitschrift fire Mal., p. 152,
(1845.) No. 6.
W.G. Binney, l.c., p.18, t. 76, fig. 10, (1859.)

“ 7, P. REDEMITA, Wm.G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, ix. p. 188,
(1857.) No. 4.
Wm. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 9, (1859.)
H, Nickliniana, Lea, var. Binney, 1. ¢. ii, t.
6, fig, 1, except middle figure, (1857.)

“ 8, P. PANDORA, Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., London,
p. 55, t. 9, fig. 3, a, 5, (1850.) No. 5.
Binney, l. c., p. 15, (1857.)
W. G. Binney, l.c., p. 18, t. 76, fig. 8, (1859.)
H.. Damascenus, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., vi., p. 11, (1856.)
“ 9-13. P. vaRIaANs, Menke. Pfeiffer, Monog. Helice-
orum Viy., 1, p. 238, (1848.) No. 7.
W.G. Binney, l.c., p. 51, t. 78, fig. 22, (1859.)

HI. polychroa et rhodochetla, Binney, 1. ¢. ii., p.
128, t. 46, 47, (1851.)

TACHEA.

“14-15. T. HorTENsIS, Miiller. Hist. Vermium, ii.,
p. 57, (1774.) No. 1.
Binney, I. c., p: 111, t. 8, (1851.)
W.G. Binney, 1. C., p. 51, (1859.)

A. subglobosa, Binney. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. 1., p. 485, t. 17, (1837.)
[ xvi.

POMATIA.

Fig.16.P. aspersa, Miiller. Hist. Vermium, ii., p.
59, (1774.) No. 1.
Binney, Terr. Moll, ii, p. 116, (1851.)
W.G. Binney, l.c., p.51, t. 77, fig. 4, (1859.)

ARIONTA.
(See figs. 1, 2.)

“17. A. HumMBoLpTIaANna, Valenciennes. Pfeiffer,
Symbola, i, p. 37, (1841.) No. 6.
H. Buffoniana, Pfeiffer. Zeit. fiir Malako-
zodl, p. 152, (1845.)
Binney, 1. ¢., p. 115, t. 48, (1851.)

AGLAJA.
(See Plate 5, figs. 6-17.)

“18, A. ReTICULATA, Pfeiffer. Malakozodl, Blatter,
p. 87, (1857.) No. 13.
W..G. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 12, (1829.)

“ 19. A. GaBBI, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad.

Nat. Sciences, p. 117, (1864.) No. 17.
‘90, A. RUFocINcTA, Newcomb. Proc. California
Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 117, (1864.) No. 16.

A.RowrELiu, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad.
Nat. Sciences, p. 181, (1866.) : No. 18.
[ xvii. ]

HELICIDA.

SyNoNYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 7.

®

VALLONIA.

Fig. 1. V. putcneya, Miiller. Hist. Vermium. No.
322, 1774. :

«“ 2. V. minuta, Say. Journal of Academy of Nat.
Sciences, i., p. 123, Oct., 1817.
Dekay, Nat. Hist. N. York, Mollusca, p. 40,
t. 8, f. 83, a. b, 1843.
Stimpson, Shells of New England, p. 54, 1851.
Morse, Portland Journal of Natural History,
i. pt. 1, 1864.
HI. pulchella, Miller. Binney, Terr. Mollusks,
ile, fie 173, te 11, & , 1851.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Mollusks, iv., p. 69,
1859.

ULOSTOMA.

« 3. U. prorunpa, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
ii, p. 160, 1821.
Say, American Conchology, pl. 87, f. 3, Mar.,
1832.
Binney, loc. cit., p. 177, t. 22, 1851.
W. G: Binney, 1. ¢., p. 70, 1859.
H. Richardi, Ferussac. Hist. des Moll., t. 70.
Lamarck, Anim. Sans. Vert., vi., p. 72, Apr.,
1822,

“ 4. U. Savr, Binney. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., iii.,
p- 079, t. 16, July, 1840. °
Binney, Terr. Mollusks, ii., p. 180, t. 28; 1851.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢., p. 70, 1859.
H. diodonta,* Say. St. Peters’ Exped., ii., p.
267, t. 15, f. 4, 1824.

* Preoceupied by Muhlfeldt, 1817,

0.

iS)
(xviii. ]

MESODON.

Fig. 5,6, 7. M. arBozasris, Say. Nicholson’s Encyc.,
p. 181, t. 1, f. 1, 1816.
Say, Am. Conch., t. 138, April, 1831.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 99, t. 2, 1851.
Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lyc., vi., p. 359, Sept.,
1858.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢., p. 48, 1859. No. 10.

“8. M. exotera, Binney. I:c., p. 121, t. 10, 1851,
W. G. Binney, |. c., p. 54, 1859.
H. zaleta, Binney. Bost, Jour. N. Hist., i, p.
492, t. 20, May, 1837. No. 1.

9. M. pentIFERA, Binney. Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., i., p. 494, t. 21, May, 1837.
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii., p. 184, t. 12, 1851.

6c

W. G. Binney, |. ¢., p. 55, 1859. No. 2.
“10. M. Wueatteyr, Bland. Ann. N. Y. Lye.
Nat. Hist., vii., t.4, f. 7, Dee., 1861. No. 3.
“11. M. Curisryr, Bland. Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat.
Hist., vii, t. 4, f. 5-6, Dee., 1861. No. 4.
NELICID A.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 8.

MESODON.

Fig. 1. M. tnyroreEs, Say. Jour. Acad, Nat. Scien-
ces, i., p., 128, Oct., 1817, ii., p. 161, Jan.,
1821.
Say, Nicholson's Encyc., 1818.
* Say, American Conchology, p. 18, Apr., 1831.
Binney, I. ¢., p. 129, t. 11, 1851. No. 5.
Fig. 2. M. BuccuLENTA, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.

6

[xix ]

Hist., iii., p. 40, June, 1848. :
Binney, 1. c. iii., p. 9, t. 11, a, b, 1857.
H. rufa, DeKay. Moll. N. York, p. 44, t. 8, f.
30, a. b, 1843.
Mitchener, Am. Jour. Conch., ii., p. 58, Jan.,
1866.

8. M. pevia, Gould, Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
ii., p. 165, Aug. 1846.
Mollusca of Wilkes’ Expl. Exped., p. 69, f.
74, 1852.
Binney, Terr. Moll., iii., p. 11, 1857.

H. Baskervillei, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849.

4, M. Roemert, Pfeiffer. Roemer’s Texas, p. 450.

Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malakol., p. 117, 1848.

W. G. Binney, |. c., p. 55, t. T7, f. 3, 1859.
H. dentifera, Pfeiffer. Monog. Hel. vivent., iii.,
p- 269, 1853.
Chemnitz, Conchyl. Cab., ii, p. 381, t. 131,
f. 1-8.

5. M. magor, Binney. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., i.,
p. 473, t. 12, May, 1887.
Binney, Terr. Mollusks, ii., p. 96, t. 1, 1551.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 48, 1857.
H. albolabris, Ferussac. Hist. des Moll., t. 48,
f. 4, t. 46a, f. 7.
Bland, Annals N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi., p.
359, Sept., 1858.

6, 7. M. Townsenprana, Lea. Trans, Am. Philos.

Soc., vi, p. 99, t. 28, f. 80, 1839.

Binney, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 371,
t. 18, July, 1840.

Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 161, t. 19, 1851.

Gould, Moll. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped., p. 67, f.
36, 1852.

Newcomb, Am. Jour. Conchology, p. 843
1865. ee

8. M. muttivineata, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, ii., p. 150, Jan., 1821.
Binney, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., i., p. 480, t.
14, May, 1837.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 108, t. 8, 1851.
W. G. Binney, l. c., p. 45, 1859.

No. 7.

No. 9.

No. 15.

No. 14.
[xx.]

Fig. 9. M. Pennsyivanica, Green. Contributions to
the Maclurian Lyceum, p. 8, Jan., 1827.
Binney, Bost. Journal Nat. Hist. . Ly p. 483,
t. 16, May, 1837.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 105, 7, 1851.
HI. Mitchelliana, Deshayes. in Ferussac, Hist.,
i., p. 187, t. 97, f. 4-7. No. 11.

10. M. Mircuetiiana, Lea. Am. Philos. Trans.,
vi., p. 87, t. 28, f. 71, 1886.
Bland, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi., p.
839, Sept., 1858.
W. G. Binney, Tere, Moll. iv. p. 47,

1859.
H. clausa, (part) Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p.
107, 1851. No. 12.
“11. M. pivesta, Gould. Binney, Terr. Moll., ii.,
p- 358, 1851.

H. abjecta, (preoccupied.) Gould, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 40, Oct., 1848.
Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p. 122, 1851. No. 18.

“ 12,18, 14. M. Cotrumprana, Lea. Am. Philos.
Trans., vi., p. 89, t. 23, f. 75, 1839.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 169, t. 5, 1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 16, 1859.
Newcomb, Am. Jour. Conch., i., p. 847, 1865.
HT. labiosa, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
il., p. 165, Aug., 1846.
Binney, |. c., p. 170, t. 18a., 1851.
Gould, Moll. U. 8. Expl. Exped., p. 67, f. 35,
1852. No. 16.
“ 15. M. Downrgana, Bland. Annals N. Y. Lye.
Nat. Hist., vii., t. 4, f. 283-24, Dec., 1861. No. 17.

“16. M. cxiausa, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences,
li., p "154, Jan., 1821.
Say, American Conchology, t. 37, f. 1, Mar.,
1832.
Part) Binney, 1. c., p. 107, t. 4, 1851.
land, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi., p. 336, Sept.,
1858.
W. G. Binney, l. c., p. 46, 1859.
H. Pennsylvanica, (part) Pfeiffer. Aono Heli-
ceorum, i. p. 291, 1847.
Chemnitz, ‘Conch. Cab. li, p. O].
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Helix., No. 676, Aug.,
1852. No. 18.
[ xxi. ]
HELICID A.

SyNoNYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PuatTe 9.

XOLOTREMA.

Fig. 1. X. evevata, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei, iiss

“

p. 154, 1821. .
Say, Am. Conchology, t. 37, f. 2, Mar., 1832.
Binney, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., i., p. 40, t. 19,
May, 1837.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii. p. 126, t. 9, 1851.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢., iv., p. 52, 1859.
H. Knozxvillina, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. t. 49, f.
5, 6.
H. Tennesseensis, Lea. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.,
xix. p. 1, 1844.

2. X. Crarki, Lea. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., x.,

p. 41, Mar., 1858.
W. G. Binney, |. &. iv, p. 08, & T7, i. 10,
1859.

“ 3, X. opstricra, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

il., p. 154, 1821.
Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vii., p.
438, 1862.
H. palliata, var: a., Say. Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci.,
ii., p. 152, 1821.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii,, p. 186, t. 15, 1851.
Hi. palliata, var. Carolinensis, W. G. Binney.
l. c. iv., p. 57, 1859.
H Carolinensis, Lea, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.,
iv., p. 108, t. 15, f. 33, 1831.
4. eee Lea. 1. c. iv., p. 109, t. 15, f. 34,
18381.

“© 4, X. pauiata, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., ii.,

p. 152, 1821.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 1386, part, t. 14,
1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 56, part, 1859.
Bland, |. ¢. vii., p. 483, 1862.

See also fig. 7.

No.

No.

i.
{ xxii. ]
TRIODOPSIS.

Fig. 5. T. IntrorergeNs, Bland. Ann. N. Y. Lye.
Nat. Hist., vii., t. iv., f. 83-4, Apr., 1860. No. 3.

“ 6,18. T. rRipentata, Say. Nicholson’s Encyc.,
iv., t. 2, f. 1, 1816.
Binney, Terr. Moll, ii., p. 1838, part, t. 27,

1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv. p. 70, 1859.
Bland, 1. ¢. vii., p. 423, 1862. No. 1.

XOLOTREMA.

“ 7, 11. X. appressa, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
ii., p. 154, 1821.
Binney, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 356,
t. 8, July, 1840.
Binney, Terr. Moll., i ii., p. 140, t. 18, 1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 59, 1859.
Bland, 1. c. vii., p. 432, 1862.
HI. linguifera, Lamarck. Anim. S. vert. vi., p.
90, 1822. No. 5.

ISOGNOMOSTOMA.

* 8. I. Rueent, Shuttleworth. Diagnosen neuer
Mollusken, No. 2, p. 18.
Bern, Mittheil., p. 198, 1852.
Binney, Terr. Moll., iii., p. 18, 1857.
W. G: Binney, 1. e iv., p: 60, t.. 18, 2.15,
1859.
Bland, 1. ¢. vii., p. 426, 1862. No. 2.

TRIODOPSIS.

“« 9, T. Hopstonensis, Shuttleworth. Bern. Mit-
theil, p. 198, 1852.
Binney, Terr. Moll. . i, p. LT, 1857.
W. G Binney, 1. ci ivy ps 72, te 7%, 1. 16,
1859. No. 4.

ISOGNOMOSTOMA.

“ 10. I. rvrnecta, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii,
p. 153, 1831.
Binney, Bost. Jour., iii, p. 858, t. 9, f. 1,
July, 1840.
( xxiii. ]

Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p. 148, t. 45, f. 3,
1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 59, 1859.
Bland, 1. ¢. vii.. p. 425, 1862.
H. clausa, Ferussac. Hist. Nat., t. 51,f.2. No. 1.

TRIODOPSIS.

Fig. 12. T. ratnax, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii.,
p. 119, 1821.
DeKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 28, t. 8, f. 23, 1843.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv., p. 71, 1859.
H. tridentata, (part) Binney. Terr. Moll., ii.,
p. 188, t. 28, 1851. No. 2.

“14, T. vuttuosa, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., iii., p. 89, 1848.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 189, t. 40a., f. 4,
1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 75, 1859.
Bland, 1. c. vii., p. 439, t. 4, f. 21, 1862. No. 6.

15. T. Mutuant, Bland and Cooper. Ann. N. Y.
Lye. Nat. Hist., vii., p. 3638, t. 4, f. 16-
17, June, 1861. No. 7.

“ 16,19. T. Lortcata, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., p. 165, Aug., 1846.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 145, t. 29a., f. 2,
1851.
Gould, Moll. Wilkes’ U. S. Expl. Exped., p.
68, fig 39, a. b. ¢., 1852.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢. ix., p. 14, 1859.
HI. Lecontei, Lea. Trans. Am. Philos. Soe., x.,
p. 303, t. 380, f. 18, 1852. No. 8.

“17, T. Yucatanea, Morelet. Testacea nov. Am.
Centr., i., p. 9, 1849. No. 5.

STENOTREMA.

“ 18, 20. S. monopon, Rackett. Linn. Trans., xiii.,
p. 42, t. 5, f. 2.
Binney, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 360,
t. 10, f. 1, Jan., 1840.
Binney, Terr. Moll, ii., p. 147, t. 41, 1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 60, 1859.
Bland, 1. c. vii.. p. 481, Dec., 1861.
{ xxiv. ]

H. fraterna, Say. St. Peter’s Expedition, ii.,
p. 257, t. 15, f. 3, 1824.
Binney, Bost. Jour., iii, p. 363, t. 10, f. 2,
Jan., 1840.
Hi. convexa, Deshays. Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert.,
viii, p. 112, 1838.

Fig. 21. S. stENoTREMA, Ferussac. Pfeiffer, Symb. ad.
Hist. Hel., ii., p. 89, 1842.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv., p. 61, 1859.
Bland, 1. c. vii., p. 427, Dec., 1861.
HH. hirsuta, var. Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p. 151,
t. 42, f. 5, 1851.

22, 23. S. eeRMANA, Gould. Binney’s Terr. Mol-
lusks, ii., p. 156, t. 40a., f. 3. 1851.
Gould, Moll. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped., p. 70, f.
40, a. b. ¢., 1852.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 14, 1859.

“24, S. nirsuta, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i., p.

17, June, 1817.

Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii. p. 161, Jan.,
1821.

Binney, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., iii., p. 865,
t. 10, f. 8, July, 1840.

Binney, Terr. Moll., ii, p. 150, t. 42, f. -3,

1851.

W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 62, 1859.

Bland, 1. ¢. vii., p. 427, Dee., 1861.

«© 95, S. LaBrosa, Bland. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat.
Hist., vii., t. 4, f. 19.

« 26, 28, 29. S. sprnosa, Lea. Trans. Am. Philos.
Soc., iv., p. 104, t. 15, f. 85, 1834.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 154, t. 44, f. 1, 1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 65, 1859.
Bland, 1. ¢. vii.

«“ 97. 8. Ep@arrana, Lea. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.,
ii., p. 81, Apr., 1841.
Lea, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., ix., p. 2. 1844:
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 65, 1859.
Bland, 1. ¢. vii., pl. 4, f. 18.
H. spinosa, var., Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p. 155,
t. 44, f. 2, 1851.

n
n

n

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.

No.
{ xxv. ]

Fig. 31, 85. S. MaxruLata, Gould Proc. Best. Soc. N.
Hist., iii., p. 38, July, 1848.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 157, t. 40a., f. 2,
1851. ;
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 65, 1859. No. 4.

“ 32, 33. S. BARBIGERA, Redfield. Ann. N. Y. Lyc.
Nat. Hist., vi., p. 171, t. 9, f. 4, 5, 7, Dec.,
1856.
Binney, Terr. Moll., iii., p. 21, 1857.
W. G. Binney, |. c. iv., p. 63, t. 77, f. 2, 1859. No. 10.

«“ 34. 8S. Epwarpsir, Bland. Annals N. Y. Lyceum
Nat. Hist., vi., p. 277, t. ¥, f. 14-16, Feb.,
1858.
W. G. Binney, 1. ce iv. ps ‘63, t. 78, £1, 9;
1859. No. 8.

HELICID..

SynonyMy AND REFERENCE TO
Puate 10.

DADALOCHILA.

Figs. 1, 4. D. Leporina, Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., p. 89, 1848.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 199, t. 40a., f. 1,
1851.
Bland, 1. ¢. vi., p. 848, Feb., 1858.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 92, 1859.
HI. pustula, var., Pfeiffer. Monog. Hel., iii.,
No. 1575, 1853. No. 1.

“. 2,3. D. pustuLotes, Bland. Ann. N. Y. Lye.
Nat. Hist., vi., p. 350, Feb., 1858.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 98, 1859.
H. pustula, Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p. 201,
t. 39, f. 8, 1851. No. 2.
Fig.

“

6s

“Ge

ce

66

“

66

[ xxvi. ]

5, 86, 38. D. TExastana, Moricand. Merhoires
Soe. Genev., vi., P- 538, t. 1, f. 1, 2, 1833.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 79, 1859,
H, Tamaultpasensis, eta Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sciences, p. 102, 1857. No. 4.

6, 17. D. pustuLa, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. des
Mol. in, pe 78, 2.50, & 1.
Bland, ]. ¢. vi. p. 846, Feb., 1858.
W. G. Binney, |. c. iv., p. 94, t. 77, f. 12,
1859.
H. pustula, part, Binney. Terr. Moll., ii., p.
201, 1851. ‘No. 3.

7,9. D. tHoLus, W. G. Binney. Proe. Acad.
Nat. Sciences. p. 186, 1857.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p- 81, t. 78,
f. 21, 1859. No. 8.

8. D. Moorzana, W. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., p. 184, 1857.
W.G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 80, t..78,

f. 24, 1859. No. 9.
10, 81. D. TrrponrorpEs, Bland. 1. ¢. vii., p. 424,
t. iv:, f. 11, 12, Dee., 1861. No. 5.

11, 18. D. acurepentata, W.G. Binney. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 183, Oct., 1857.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Mull., 1v., p. 23, t. 76,
f. 1, 1859. No. 11.

12, 14. D. Loisa, W. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., p. 183, Oct., 1857.

W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 23, t. 76,
f. 2, 1859. No. 12.
15, 16, 18. D. Artapne, Pfeiffer. Zeitschr. fiir
Mal., p. 120, 1848.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 76, t. 78,
1, 8, 4, 1859.
H. Couchiana, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.
102, 1857. No. 13.

19, 25. D. Troostrana, Lea, ‘Trans. Amer.
Philos. Soe., vi. p. 107, t. 24, f. 119,

1838.
Bland, 1. ¢., p. 288, t. 9, f. 21—23,
Feb., 1858.

W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., p 88, t. 78, f. 11, 1859.
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[ 103]

13. Deedalochila Ariadne, Pfeiffer.
Plate 10, figures 15, 16, 18.

Shell depressed, subdiscoidal, finely ribbed above, smooth
beneath, upper surface a little convex; whorls 5, with slightly
depressed suture; body whorl deflected, much constricted and
scrobiculate behind the aperture; aperture small, lip thick,
much expanded, its extremities joined by a callus forming an
irregular, flexuose, V-shaped tooth, its point extending far within
the aperture; lip with two stout-basal folds converging within,
while behind them is a perpendicular broad laminz almost en-
tirely closing the mouth; base convex, showing more than one
whorl with a rounded umbilical groove terminating in a minute
obliyue central perforation. Transparent white, shining.

Diam. 12, height 5 mill.

Tamaulipas, Mexico,

ttt Outer teeth tubercular, swelled, placed behind the parvetal
tooth.

{ Shell, smooth below.

14. Dedalochila Dorfeuilliana, Lea.
Plate 10, figures 20, 21.

Obtusely conical above and slightly angulated on the peri-
phery ; whorls 6, with well impressed suture, ribbed, smoother
below, deflected and constricted behind the aperture but without
scrobiculations. Aperture lunar, the extremities of the lip
joined by a callus forming a quadrate tooth on the outer whorl,
far within, behind the parietal tooth, are two rounded tubercles,
one superior and one basal, of nearly equal size; base showing
13 whorls and a minute perforation. Whitish.

Diam. 7-5, height 4 mill.
Kentucky and Tennessee. Texas?
[ 104]

15. Dedalochila Jacksoni, Bland.
Plate 10, figures 32, 33, 34.

Depressed, striate, smoother beneath, narrowly umbilicate ;
whorls 8, slightly convex, deflected, and contracted behind the
lip; aperture oblique, lunate, lip thick, briefly reflected, its ex-
tremities joined by a V-shaped parietal tooth, basal margin with
a strong, oblique sinuous fold, right margin with a deeply seated
tooth. Dark brown, shining, Jip brownish.

Diam. 7, height 4 mill.
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.

Fig. 32 represents an elevated variety.

16. Deedalochila fastigans. L. W. Say.
Plate 10, figures 22, 23, 26.

Convex beneath, nearly plane above; whorls 6, ribbed
above, smooth beneath, periphery sharply carinated; aper-
ture lunate the extremities of the margin connected by a V-
shaped tooth, upper lip tooth compressed, transverse, situated
remote from the margin, lower lip tooth compressed, marginal,
the position of the two being marked by pits in the outer surface
of the whorl. Brownish.

Diam. 8, height 3 mill.

Tennessee.

tt Shell striate below. ’
17. Deedalochila Troostiana, Lea.
Plate 10, figures 19, 25.

Differs from D. fastigans by its less prominent carina, the rib-
like strize being well developed on the base and its parietal tooth
more quadrangular. The spire is slightly, convexly elevated.
Corneous when fresh, minutely hirsute.

Diam. 6, height 3 mlll.

Tennessee.
[ 105]

18. Dedalochila Hazardi, Bland.
Plate 10, figures 27, 28, 29.

Depressed above, convex below; whorls 5, narrow, ribbed above
and below, periphery not carinate, aperture sub-reniform ; lip-ex-
tremities connected by a V-shaped parietal tooth, lip teeth deep-
seated, the lower one the largest and partly obscuring the upper
one, which is situated farther in ; externally scrobiculate opposite
to these teeth. Kpidermis sparingly hirsute, brown.

Diam. 7, height 3 mill.
Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama.

Distinguished from Troostiana by not being carinate, and by
the lower tooth, which runs blade-shaped into the aperture a
short distance.

ttt Two parietal lamellar teeth running within the shell.

Deedalochila? hippocrepis, Pfeiffer.
Plate 10, figure 42.

Shell heavy, depressed, opaque, with flattened spire and im-
pressed suture; whorls 54, scarcely convex above; periphery
angulate below, convex, abruptly reflected at the aperture and
constricted behind the lip; umbilicus exvanded and grooved,
with a minute central perforation; aperture extending from the
peripliery to the umbilicus, somewhat ear-shaped, lip white, ex-
panded, its extremities connected by a V-shaped tooth, the two
lamin of which run far within the shell; upper portion of the
lip with an entering angle, basal portion callous and reflected.

Diam. 12, height 5 mill.
New Braunfels, Texas.

** Aperture expanded, ear-shaped, its margin continuous ; up-
per lip tooth hook-shaped.

20. Dedalochila auriformis, Bland.
Plate 11, figures 1, 2, 3.
Depressed and ribbed-striate above, periphery subangular,

convex and smooth beneath; whorls 54—6, suture moderate, the
last one slichtlv deflected and expanded at the aperture into an
[ 106 J

ear-shaped lip, behind which it is constricted; the base shows
nearly two whorls, and a minute perforation, and a deep groove
revolving on the inner side of the whorls; aperture ear-shaped,
the peristome continuous and expanded, parietal tooth linguiform,
two lip teeth, the upper one of which is a submarginal perpen-

dicular lamella, and the basal one an oblique fold. White or
brownish horn color. :

Diam. 10, alt. 5°5 mill.
Alabama; Texas.
Differs from D. avara in having an umbilical groove.

 

21. Dedalochila avara, Say.
Plate 11, figures 4, 5, 6.

Spire depressed, periphery slightly angular; whorls 5,
slightly convex above, with moderate suture, coarsely ribbed,
hirsute, convex below, and ribbed only for a short distance be-
hind the lip, the balance of the base nearly smooth; base with-
out groove, showing a little more than one whorl, and with a
minute perforation; aperture with reflected lip, the extremities
of which are joined by a callus, forming a large V-shaped tooth ;
right margin with two teeth, one of them basal and oblique, the
other submarginal and lamellar.

Diam. 7, height 3 mill.
Florida.

22. Desdalochila espiloca, Ravenel.
Plate 11, figures 7, 8, 9.

Spire slightly elevated and a little convex, periphery suban-
gular, well rounded below; whorls 5, thin, ribbed-striate above,
finely striate below, suture moderate; the last whorl a little
deflected and contracted behind the aperture; base showing 13
whorls, the umbilical region bounded by an angle; margin of
aperture continuous, the parietal tooth linguiform, the upper lip
tooth hook-shaped at its lower termination, the basal tooth ob-
lique. Horn color, shortly hirsute.

Diam. 8, alt. 3°5 mill.
Sulliyan’s Island, South Carolina.
[107 J

23. Deedalochila Postelliana, Bland.
Plate 11, figures 10, 11, 12.

Spire slightly elevated, conical; whorls 5, ribbed-striate
above, finely striate below, periphery subangular; aperture ear-
shaped, much contracted, the margins joined by a large lingui-
form parietal tooth entering the aperture, right margin with a
deep-seated lamella terminating below in a hook, basal margin
with a prominent oblique lamella extending to the edge of the
lip. Brownish horn-color, thin, pellucid, aperture white.

Diam. 9°5, alt. 5 mill.
Georgia.

 

24. Dedalochila auriculata, Say.
Plate 11, figures 13, 14.

Spire low, conical ; whorls 5, ribbed-striate above and below,
the periphery slightly angulate; last whorl suddenly deflected
to the aperture, and very strongly scrobiculate behind the middle
of the right margin, and also at the base; aperture oblique,
auriform, the parietal tooth large, irregular, projecting inwards
and upwards, the right margin with a perpendicular lamellar
tooth, and the base twisted into a large oblique tooth; base
showing 14 whorls, the umbilical region bounded by a carina.

Diam. 18, height 7:5 mill.

St. Augustine, Florida.

Larger than the other species, and distinguished by the ribs
on the base.

 

25. Dedalochila uvulifera, Shuttleworth.
Plate 11, figures 15, 16.

Spire depressed conical; whorls 5, with close ribs extending
entirely across the base; periphery subangulate, lower surface
convex; last whorl deflected at the aperture and scrobiculate ;
aperture oblique, much contracted by teeth, with the lip very
much expanded, parietal tooth quadrately linguiform, extending
into the aperture, the upper lip tooth situated far within the
aperture, the basal lip tooth an oblique plication ; umbilical re-
gion subcarinate. Horn color.

Diam. 12, alt. 7 mill.
Florida; Corpus Christi, Texas.
_ rmed aperture from D. auriculata.
[ 108 J
POLYGYRA, Say.

This is a tropical genus, containing many flat, wheel-shaped
species which inhabit the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, the West
Indies and Mexico. The southern limit of the group extends to
the vast regions of the empire of Brazil, whence come the curious
P. heligmoidea and P. helicycloidea. Unlike Deedalochila, the
aperture is simple and small, the lip reflected but not expanded,
and not dentate, while the parietal tooth is small. The aspect
of the shell is singularly like that of Planorbis, and reminds one
strongly of several of the species of that fresh water genus in-
habiting Europe. A thin, thread-like lamina occasionally re-
volves upon the inner wall of the aperture, and is visible through
the whorl; it has been detected in most of the species, and
probably is at times developed in all of them, though many spe-
cimens are without it.

1. Polygyra anilis, Gabb.
Plate 11, figures 17, 18.

Spire nearly flat, whorls 44, the last descending to the aper-
ture, and a little constricted, suture well impressed, surface
microscopically striate above and below; base showing about 14
whorls, with a minute central perforation. White.

Diam. 18, height 6 mill.

Guaymas, Mexico.

This is scarcely a typical Polygyra, as it does not exhibit so
many whorls on the base as the other species. The aperture,
however, is that of a Polygyra.

 

2, Polygyra cereolus, Miihlfelt.
Plate 11, figures 19, 20, 21.

Shell lenticular, the spire very nearly flat, under surface flat
or slightly concave, periphery subangulate; whorls 7, flattened
and closely ribbed above; base smoother, showing 5 whorls, with
a narrow umbilicus; aperture small, subtriangular, the margins
connected by a slight callus, developing in the middle into a
small triangular tooth. Light horn color.

Diam. 14, alt. 3-5 mill., var. major.

CQ Eco 88 ‘© minor.

East Florida.

Differs from P. septeme_..
much narrower. (Compa
[109 }

3. Polygyra septemvolva, Say.
Plate 11, figure 22.

Shell discoidal, with seven whorls, which are closely ribbed-
striate above, the periphery subangular; smooth below, and ex-
hibiting about four whorls besides those forming the walls of the
rather large umbilicus. Horn color.

Diam. 14, height 3-5 mill.
Florida.

4. Polygyra Carpenteriana, Bland.
Plate 11, figures 23, 24.

Subdiscoidal, spire slightly elevated; whorls 54 to 63, thin,
shining, closely obliquely ribbed above, smooth beneath the
angular periphery ; base showing 23 whorls, with a minute per-
foration. Light horn color or rufous, with frequently opaque
irregular bands crossing the whorls.

Diam. 8—10, alt. 8—4 mill.
East Florida.

5. Polygyra volvoxis, Parreyss.
Plate 11, figure 25.

Spire a little elevated; whorls 7, flattened above, convex be-
neath, the periphery carinate; upper surface and base near the
aperture closely ribbed, the balance of the base smooth; over
two whorls visible below, besides a narrow umbilicus. Horn

color, with frequently white blotches or bands ‘running across
the whorls.

Diam. 9, alt. 4 mill.
East Georgia and Florida.

This is perhaps a young state of P. septemvolva, Say.
[110]

6. Polygyra Febigerii, Bland.
Plate 10, figures 30, 33.

Depressed, spire scarcely raised ; whorls 54—6, ribbed-striate
above, finely striate below, periphery angulate ; aperture subtri-
angular, with a small parietal tooth; base exhibiting about 14
whorls, with a central perforation. Pale reddish horn color.

Diam. 8°5, alt. 3-5 mill. =

New Orleans.

Differs from the other species of the genus by having no ex-
cavation in the whorl behind the lip.

 

7. Polygyra polygyrella, Bland and Cooper.
Plate 11, figure 26.

Discoidal, shining, translucent; spire slightly elevated ;
whorls ‘/—8, ribbed above, smooth below ; aperture armed with
two rows of three teeth each, visible through the whorl, margins
joined by a V-shaped tooth ; base widely umbilicate, exhibiting
about 8 whorls. Yellowish horn colored.

Diam. 11:5, alt. 5 mill.

Coeur d’Aléne Mountains.

It is very doubtful whether this species is properly placed in
Polygyra ; it differs in the teeth arranged in rows within the
aperture.

Descriptions of additional species of Helices, and notes on some
of those already described.

Aglaja sequoicola, Cooper.
Plate 11, figure 27,

“ Shell rounded, umbilicate, spire depressed, last whorl some-
times subangulate, whorls 6 to 63, peristome oblique, little de-
flected above; labium .thin, reflexed, thickest below; acute.
Color dark brown or olivaceous, with a broad black band be-
tween two yellow ones, half hidden on the spire, lips white ;
within a fine purple with two white bands. Epidermis shining,
polished below, the lines of growth faintly visible, sometimes
very lightly malleated, and with spiral ridges; above with
crowded scars bearing very short bristles in the young shell
which fall off in the adult.
[111]

Animal slate colored, body cylindrical, rugose, tentacles
moderate; foot elougated, behind wedge-shaped.

Shell—large diameter 0-96 to 1:20; smaller diameter 0-76 to
0-96; height 0-42 to 0-54 hundredths of an inch.

Santa Cruz, Cal., among decayed trees in the dampest places.

This beautiful species is quite rare, only nine adult and
twelve young specimens having been found after long searching.
It will probably occur more commonly in some part of the red-
wood forest; which I have been unable to explore. It approaches
nearest to H. Dupetithouarsi and H. fidelis, being between them
in form and size as well as color, but the pilosity at once dis-
tinguishes it. Its distinct bands and rounded whorls separate
it from A. infumata and Hillebrandii, the latter when perfect
having also much longer hairs. he animal is lighter colored
than those of H. arrosa, Nickliniana, redimita, ramentosa, tudicu-
lata (which are all very similar), but much darker than that of
Dupetithouars?, and I believe also of fidelis aud infumata. The
form of the shell is a link connecting these with Mormonum.”—
Proceedings California Acad. Nat. Set., April, 1866.

 

Through the kindness of Dr. Wesley Newcomb, of Oakland,
California, I am enabled to give figures from his types of several
species, which I was not able to illustrate at the time they were
described.

Aglaja Ayresiana, Newcomb, sp. 7. Plate 11, fig. 28.

This species comes from the Island of Sta. Cruz; the locality
originally given by Newcomb is incorrect. It is thus a sub-
tropical, and not a boreal species.

 

Aglaja Bridgesii, Newcomb, sp. 11. Plate 11, fig. 29.

 

Aglaja Rowellii, Newcomb, sp. 18. Pl. 11, fig. 30.

 

Aglaja Gabbii, Newcomb, sp. 17. Plate 11, fig. 31.

I re-figure this species from a specimen received from Dr.
Newcomb, the original figure, pl. 6, fig. 19, being unsatisfactory

and more like the following species, to which Gabbz is closely
-11:.4 ‘ =

15
[112]

Aglaja facta, Newcomb.
Plate 11, figure 32.

‘Shell with perforation nearly covered, depressed orbicular,
solid, compact, smooth, whitish, zoned with a brownish-red band ;
whorls 5 to 53, somewhat convex, the last descending; suture
slightly impressed ; aperture oval ; lip thick, reflected, yellowish.

Diam. 10, height 5 mill.

Islands of Sta. Barbara and San Nicolas, off the coast of Cali-
fornia.” —Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sci., iii., 1864.

Polymita levis, Pfeiffer.’
Plate 5, figure 21.

Plate 6, fig. 6, erroneously referred to this species, is a variety
of Arionta Vertchit, Newcomb, from Cerros Island (not Bay of
Monterey, Cal., as stated in description). The type of Veitchi
is figured in pl. 5, fig. 19.

Conulus chersinella, Dall.
Plate 11, figures 33, 34, 35.

“Shell small, somewhat elevated, smooth, except that the
lines of growth are occasionally indented; umbilicus minutely
perforate ; aperture semi-lunar and slightly oblique ; whorls ro-
tund, 43 to 5 in number; sutures impressed, not deep; lip not
thickened or reflected. Color yellowish, translucent.

Diam. 14 in., height -09 in.
Big Trees, Calaveras Co., California.

This small species has relations with H. chersina, Say, and
H. indentata, Say. It resembles the former in its small size
and many whorls, but differs in color and depressed spire,
though sometimes almost as acute. It is related to the latter in
its color and indented lines of growth, but differs in its greater
number of whorls and much smaller size, and in the proportional
size of the last whorl.’"—American Jour. of Conchology, ii. p.
528, 1866.
[113 J

Hyalina Hornii, Gabb.
Plate 11, figures 36, 37, 38.

“Shell small, openly umbilicate, depressed ; covered with an
opaque brown epidermis, which, under the glass, shows minute
oblique striations, and a few small, scattered hairs; whorls 44,
the first 34, forming a very low, nearly flat spire, the last de-
scending much more rapidly ; suture strongly marked, especially
between the last, and penultimate whorl; umbilicus occupying
about a third of the inferior surface, indistinctly perspective ;
aperture oblique, subcircular; lip simple, inner margins approxi-
mating.

Height -09, diam. -16 inch.

Fort Grant, junction of Arivapa and San Pedro Rivers, Arizo-

na.”"—Am. Jour. of Conchology, ii. p. 830, 1866.

Gastrodonta significans, Bland.
Plate 11, figures 39, 40, 41.

_ “Shell umbilicate, depressed, discoidal, thin, with fine irregular
striz, which are almost obsolete at the base, shining, pale horn-
colored, spire little elevated; suture slightly impressed; whorls
6, subplanulate, the last roundly inflated, rather flat at the base,
excavated around the umbilicus, which is pervious, and equal
almost to one-fifth the diameter of the shell; aperture oblique,
depressed, lunate ; peristome simple, acute.

Diam. 4°5, alt, 2 mill.
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory.

It is especially allied to G. multidentata, Binney, from which
it differs in being of larger size, with wider umbilicus, and in the
absence in the last whorl of the series of numerous small teeth
which characterize Binney’s species.

In a young specimen of G. significans, having four whorls
only, there are, however, three small teeth, one by itself, and at
some distance from it two others, situated as the teeth are in G.
multidentata. Whether these teeth are or not constant in the
ante-penultimate whorl of G. significans, Jam unable to deter-
mine.’—Am. Jour. Conch., ii. p. 372, 1866.

 

Spurious Species.

HELIX HARPA, Say, belongs to the family Pupade.
HeELrx rrrorata, Say,— Z. lactea, Miill., a Spanish species.
Hewix TrumBvut1t, Linsley, = Skenea serpuloides.
[114]

Family ORTHALICIDA.

Shell oval or elongated, with elevated spire, much longer than
its width; aperture oval, entire below, the columella sometimes
truncate at its termination; lip either sharp and simple, ex-
panded or reflected, with or without teeth (none in North
American genera), umbilicus generally covered.

'

Sub-families.

AcHATININ®. Shell oblong; aperture oval, angulated above,
rounded below, the lip sharp and not reflected, columella
truncate below. Colors generally bright and variegated.
Size large.

OrtTHALICINE. Shell oblong, thin, imperforate; aperture oval,
large, angulate above, rounded below, columella arcuate,
thickened in the middle. Gaily painted in longitudinal
reddish flames. Size moderate.

Buiimvutinz. Shell oblong-turrited, moderately thick ; aper-
ture oval, small, outer lip generally expanded or reflected,
inner lip reflected, axis perforate, rimate, or sometimes
covered. Color white or brownish, sometimes variegated.
Size small.

ACHATININA.
LIGUUS, Montfort.

Shell elongate-conical, spire elevated, apex acuminate, im-
perforate, solid, whorls 7—8, well rounded, the last about one-
third of the total length; aperture semi-oval, margin thin,
straight, columella obliquely subtruncate below. Gaily fasciate.

This is the only genus of the subfamily inhabiting the
Western Continent, and the few species may be regarded as
insular in origin, inhabiting principally Cuba, whence the two
following have extended to the southern part of the adjacent
coast of Florida.
f 115]

1. Liguus fasciata, Miiller.
Plate 12, figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 6.

Shell elongate-conical, striate by growth lines, solid, smooth,
shining; spire elevated, apex acute, suture not deeply im-
pressed; whorls 8, slightly convex, the last large, equalling
from one-half to three-fifths of the total length of the shell;
aperture semi-.val, generally pure white within, columella arcu-
ate, and truncate at the base, with a rose-colored callus. Color
white, variously ornamented with broad or narrow bands of yel-
low, green or purple, the apex, and sometimes the whole shell
also, flamed with brown longitudinal zig-zags.

Length 55, diam. 25 mill.
Florida, (From Cuba.)

It is impossible to designate by description the extreme varia-
tion of eoloring in this beautiful species ; the variety with numer-
ous green bands, and that with broad, yellow bands, (the latter
the Achatina solida of Say,) are the most numerous in Florida.

2. Liguus picta, Reeve.
Plate 12, figure 4.

Shell ovate-conical, striate by growth lines, solid, smooth,
shining ; spire elevated conical, suture moderately’ impressed ;
whorls 7, the last large; aperture semi-oval, small, columella
nearly perpendicular, truncate at base. Yellowish white, varie-
gated externally by a double band of irregular brown spots
upon the periphery, and above and below each sutural line, and
also surrounding the columella, apex of spire and columella
pink, whorls of spire with brown flames.

Length 44, diam. 24 mill.
Florida. (From Cuba.)

Differs from the foregoing principally in the pattern of
coloring.

ORTHALICIN A.
‘-ORTHALICUS, Beck.
Shell ovate, imperforate, thin, striate, fasciate; whorls 6—8,

the last inflated; aperture large, oval, lip thin and straight,
columella sub-receding, obsoletely folded, rather thin.
[116]

This genus, together with the others comprising the subfamily,
is of South American origin. In the northern part of that con-
tinent, the species are numerous, but one only inhabits the West
Indies and the circumjacent North American coast. The
Orthalicus zebra, distinguished by all American authors from
the undatus, is scarcely even a variety of it, while the true 0.
zebra of Miiller, a very different shell, inhabits the western
parts of South America.

1. Orthalicus undatus, Ferussac.
Plate 13, figures 1, 2, 3.

Shell subconical, striated by growth lines, thick; spire ele-
vated, suture moderate, slightly crenated; whorls 6, convex,
the last ‘about two-thirds of the total length of the shell;
aperture large, ovate. White, with longitudinal undulated or
zig-zag chocolate-colored flames, intersected by three narrow
revolving lines of the same color; inner surface marked the
same as the external.

Length 45, diam. 27 mill.
Southern Florida.

‘BULIMULIN A.

All the genera of this subfamily are of South American origin,
and only a few species of them extend into the subjacent parts
of North America. oe

1. Drymaus, Albers. Elongate-conical, perforate or rimate,
thin, diaphanous, variegated; aperture large, oblong ovate,
columella more or less twisted, peristome thin, expanded,
columellar margin reflexed.

2. Liostracus, Albers. Oblong-conical, perforate, thin,
smovth, fasciate; aperture obliquely semi-oval, lip thin,
more or less expanded, the columellar margin dilated,
reflexed.
c17]

8. Mesemprinus, Albers. Ovate-conical, rimate, rather thin,
striate, white, generally variegated with brown; aperture
oblong-oval, small, lip thin, and not reflected, columellar
margin more or Jess dilated, reflected and appressed, culu-
mella slightly twisted.

THaumastus, Albers. Shell oblong-conical, imperforate
or rimate, nearly smooth, white, sometimes variegated with
brown flames; aperture oblong-oval, lip obtuse, straight or
slightly expanded, columellar margin reflexed, more or less
appressed, columella distinctly twisted.

5. Mormus, Albers. Shell oblong-conical, striate or subcos-
tate, thin, whitish or variegated with brown, upper whorls
flattened, the body whorl very convex, inflated; aperture
subovate, the lips simple, sharp, columellar margin dilated
and reflected.

6. Scuratus, Albers. Ovate-conical, perforate or umbilicate,
roughly striate, whitish or ean iah white, seldom varie-
gated, last whorl ventricose, compressed at the base;
aperture ovate-oblong, peristome more or less expanded,
slightly thickened within.

7. Peronmus, Albers. Oblong-turrited, perforate, white, some-
times variegated with brownish, spire elevated, the last
whorl one-third of the total length; aperture oblong-oval,
lip expanded, not thickened, columellar margin dilated;
columella receding or obsoletely arcuate.

DRYMAUS, Albers.

1. Drymeus serperastrus, Say.
Plate 13, figure 4.

Shell ovate-fusiform, umbilicate, thin, translucent; spire
acuminate, suture moderately impressed; whorls about 7, a
little convex; aperture elongate-lunate, the lip expanded a
little, and reflected upon its columellar margin; umbilicus
moderate. Yellowish white, with about six interrupted bluish
black bands on the body whorl, which sometimes coalesce ; the
internal coloring is the same, except near the lip margin, where
the bands disappear.

Length 37, diam. 17-5 mill.
Texas and Mexico.
[118]

‘ 2. Drymeus Mexicanus, Lamarck.
Plate 13, figure 5.

Ovately acuminate, narrowly umbilicate, thin, pellucid, with
thin incremental strive. White with two brown zones on the
last whorl, and maculations of the same color on the others.

Length 28 mill.
Cinaloa, North-western Mexico.

LIOSTRACUS, Albers.

1. Liostracus Ziegleri, Pfeiffer.
’ Plate 13, figure 6. :

Shell ovate-conical, narrowly perforate, slightly striate, de-
cussated by nearly obsolete spiral lines; spire conical, acute;
whorls 6, slightly convex, the last subangulate in the middle;
aperture oval, the lip simple, slightly reflexed on the columellar
margin, columella scarcely receding. White, sometimes with
chestnut bands, and interruptedly maculate upon the spire.

Length 21, diam. 10 mill.
Cinaloa, North-western Mexico.

‘

2. Liostracus Floridanus, Pteiffer.
Plate 13, figure 7.

Ovately turrited, perforate, rather smooth, hyaline with white
opaque lines and maculations; spire elongate, acute ; whorls 63,
slightly convex, the last scarcely one-half of the total length of
the shell, subangulate below the middle, and attenuated at the
base ; aperture oval, oblique, columella receding, a little twisted,
columellar margin of the lip expanded and reflected. Inter-
ruptedly fasciate with brown.

Length 16, diam. 8 mill.
Florida.
{ xxvii. ]

H. fatigiata, Binney, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist.,
p. 388, (Part. Excl. Syn.,) t. 19, f. 3,
1840.

Binney, Terr. Mollusks, ii., p. 193, (Part.
Excl. Syn.,) 1852.

H. plicata, Binney, 1. ¢. iii., t. 89, f.2, 1857. No. 17

Fig. 20,21. D. Dorreurttiana, Lea. Trans. Amer.
Philos. Soc., vi, p. 107, t. 24, f 118,
1838.

Bland, Annals N. Y. Lye., vi., p. 294, t. 9,
f. 2426, Feb., 1858.

W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv.,.p. 86, t. 78, f. 2, 14,
1859.

H. fatigiata, Binney, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.,
ili, p. 388, (Part. Excl. Syn. and Fig.,)
1840.

Binney, Terrest. Moll., ii., p. 198, (Part.
Exel. Syn. et Fig.,) 1851. No. 14.

“ 22, 23, 26. D. rastraans, L. W. Say. Bland,
Ann. N. Y. Lye., vii., 1859.
H. fatigiata, Say, Disseminator of Useful
Knowledge, ii., p. 229, 1829.
Binney, 1. ¢. ii, p. 198, (excl. syn., t. 39, f.
4, 1851.
Bland, 1. ¢. vi., p. 288, Feb., 1858.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Mollusks, iv., p. 82,
1859.

H. Texasiana, var. B., Chemnitz, edit. 2, p.

86, (excel. desc. syn. and fig,) 1846.
Pfeiffer, Monog. Helic., Viv. i, No. 1086,

(excl. dese. et syn.,) 1848.

H. Dorfeuilliana, Deshayes, Ferussac, Hist.
Nat. i., p. 78, t. 69, D. f. 8, (excl. syn).

H. Texasiana, Deshayes, Id., p. 74, (excl.
dese. syn. and fig.) No. 16.

“24,44. D. Hinpst, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., p.
132, 1845.
Binney, Terr. Moll., iii., p. 17, 1857.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 92, t. 78, f. 5, 6,
8, 1859. No. T.
[ xxviii. ]

Fig. 27, 28, 29. D. Hazarps, Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lye.

na

¢

n

‘

Nat. Hist., vi., p. 291, Feb., 1858.
W.. G. Binney,, 1. ¢. iv., p. 84, t. 78, £ 18,
. 1859.
Hi. plicata, Say, (preoccupied) Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci., ii., p. 161, 1821.
HI. fatigiata, Binney, Bost. Jour. N. Hist.,
ill., p. 888, part, (excl. syn. and t. 619, f.
3,) 1840.
Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 198, (part, excl.,
pl. 39, f. 2,) 1851.
H. Texasiana, Pfr., Monog. Hel., i., p. £18,
(excl. desc. et syn.,) 1848.
H. Dorfeuilliana, Deshayes, Ferussac’s Hist.
Nat. i., p. 78, (excl. desc. syn. and fig.)

POLYGYRA.

30, 387. P. Frpiaeri, Bland. American” Jour.

of Conchology, ii., p. 3878, t. 21, f. 10,
1866.

DADALOCHILA.

32, 33, 84. D. Jacksont, Bland. American Jour.

of Conchology, ii., p. 371, t. 21, f. 8, 1866.

35, 39. D. vENTRosULA, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool.

Soc., p. 181, 1845.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv., p. 72, t. 77, f. 14,
1859.

40, 41, 48. D. Benrit, Gabb. American Jour. of

Conchology, i. p. 208, t. 19, f. 5—9,
1865.

42. D. nippocrepis, Pfeiffer. Roémer’s Texas, p.

455, 1849.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. T7, t. 78,
f. 19, 1859.

No. 18.

No. 15

No. 6.

No. 10.

No. 19.
[ xxix. ]

HELICID#.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
Puate 11.

DADALOCHILA.

Figs. 1, 2, 8. D. aurirormis, Bland. Ann. N. Y.
Lyc., vii., p. 87, Dec., 1858.

H. auriculata, Binney. Terr. Moll., ii.,
(part,) t. 40, f. 1, (right hand) 2, 1851.

H, avara, Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 121, No.
720, 1852.

H. auriculata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 119,
No. 700, 1852.

“4, 5,6. D. avara, Say. Nicholson’s Encycl., 1st
Am. Edit., 1816.
Journal Acad. Nat. Sci, i., p. 277, 1818.
W. G. Binney, |. c. iv., p. 74, 1859.
Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lye., vii. p. 80, Dec.,
1858.

“ 7, 8,9. D. esprtoca, Ravenel. Bland. Ann. N.
Y. Lyc., vii., t. 4, £12, Apr., 1860.

“ 10, 11,12. D. Postettiana, Bland. Ann. N. Y.
Lye., vii., p. 85, Dec., 1858.

“ 13, 14. D. auricunata, Say. Nicholson’s Encycl.,

Edit. 1, 1816.

Journal Acad. Nat. Sciences, i., p. 277, 1818.

Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 186, (part,) t. 40,
Fig. 1, (left hand,) 1851.

Bland, Ann. N. ¥.. Lye; viig ps 26, Dee.,
1858.

W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv., p. 73, 1859.

“15, 16. D. uvunrrera, Shuttleworth. Bern.
Mittheil., p. 199, Aug., 1852.
Chemnitz, 2d Edit., ii., p. 426, t. 148, f. 19,

9M AREA

No. 20.

No. 21.
No. 22.

No. 28.

*

No. 24.
[xxx. ]

Binney, 1. ¢. iii., p. 20, 1857.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 75, 1859.
Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lye., vii. p- 34, Dec.,
1858.
H. florulifera, Reeve. Conch. Icon., No. 699,
Aug., 1852.

POLYGYRA.

Figs. 17, 18. P. artis, Gabb. American Journal of Con-
chology, i., p. 209, t. 19, f. 1—4, July,
1865.

“19, 20, 21. P. cereoLus, Muhlfelt. Berlin Maga-
zine, viil., p. 41, t. 2, f. 18, 1816.
Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lye., vii., May, 1860.
(Part) W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 90, t. 77, f.
23, 1859. i
H. septemvolva, (Part) Binney, Terr. Moll., ii.,
p. 196, 1851.

‘“« 22. P. sEPTEMVOLVA, Say. Nicholson’s Encye.,
Ist Edit., 1816.
(Part) Binney, 1. c. ii., p. 196, t. 38, t. 39, f

Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lyce., vii., May, 1860.
H. planorbula, Lamarck. Ann. S. Vert., vi.,
p- 89.

HI, cereolus, Mihlf., (Part) W. G. Binney, 1. ¢.
iv., p. 90, 1859.

«93, 24. P. CARPENTERIANA, Bland. Ann. N. Y.
Lye., vii., May, 1860.
H. microdonta, Desh. W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv.,
p- 91, t. 78, f. 23, 1859.
HT, plana, Dunker. Phil. Icon., i., p. 51, t. 3,
f. 11, 1845.
“ 25. P. votvoxis, Parreyss. Pfeiffer Symbole, iii.,
p- 80, 1846.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 92, t. 78,
f, 17, 1859.
HI. septemvolva var., Bland. Ann. N. Y. Lyc.,
vii., 1860.
“ 26. P. PoLYGYRELLA, Bland and Cooper. Ann. N.
Y. Lyc., vii., t. 4, f. 13—15, June. 1861.

No. 25.

No. 7.
[ xxxi. ]

AGLAJA.
(See also Plates 5 and 6.)

Fig. 27, A. SEquUOICOLA, Cooper. Proc. California Acad.
Nat. Sciences; Apr., 1866.

“ 28. A. Ayrestana, Newcomb. (See reference to

pl. 5.)

“ 29. A. Bripausii1, Newcomb. (See reference to
pl. 5.)

“ 30. A. RowELiir, Newcomb. (See reference to
pl. 6.)

“ 31. A. GaBpri, Newcomb. (See reference to pl. 6.)

“© 32. A. Facta, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad.
Nat. Sciences, iii, 1864.

CONULUS.

“ 38, 34, 35. C. cHERSINELLA, Dall. Am. Jour.
Conch., ii., p. 328, t. 21, f.4, Oct., 1866.

HYALINA.

“ 36, 37, 88. H. Hornir, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch.,
ii., p. 380, t. 21, f. 5, Oct., 1866.

GASTRODONTA.

* 39, 40, 41. G. stenrricans, Bland. Am. Jour.
Conch., ii., p. 872, t. 21, f. 9, Oct., 1866.

a

ORTHALICIDA.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
Puate 12.

LIGUUS.

Figs. 1, 2, 8, 5, 6. L. rascrara, Miiller. Hist. Verm.,
ii, p. 145, 1774.
Binney, l. c.'ii., p. 266, t. 55, (not 56,) 57,
1851.
[ xxxii. ]

W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 138, 1859.
Bulimus vexillum, Brug.
Achatina solida, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
v., p. 122, 1825. a
A. crenata, Swainson.
A. pallida, Swainson.
Bulla virginea, B. Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. 12,
p- 1186.
A. lineata, Valenciennes. Recueil d’Observ.,
p- 248, t. 55, f. 2, 1833.
A. murrea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 7, f. 22,
a, Db.
A. anais, Lesson.
A. lutea, Weigmann.
Bulimus zebra, Orb. Moll. Cuba. No. 1.
Fig. 4. L. prota, Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 10, f. 34.
Bulimus fasciatus, (Part) Binney, 1. c. ii., p.
266, t. 56, 1851.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv., p. 188, 1859. No. 2.

ORTHALICID.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 138.

ORTHALICUS.

Figs. 1, 2, 3. O. unpaTus, Ferussac. Hist. des Moll.,
p> 52, t. 115, f. 194, ¢. 114, f 5, 6.
Shuttleworth, Notitiz Malacol, p. 63, t. 3, f.
4, 5, 1856.
Bulimus zebra, (Not of Miiller,) Binney, 1. ¢.
ii., p. 271, t. 54, 1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 125, t. TT, f. 18, t.
78, t. 12, 1859. No. 1.

DRYMAUS.

“ 4, D. SERPERASTRUS, Say. New Harmony Dis-
seminater Den 98 1221
[ xxxiii. ]

Binney, 1. ¢. ii., p. 274, t. 50, f. 2, 1851.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 126, 1859. No. 1. .

Fig. 5. D. Mextcanus, Lamarck. Anim. 8. Vert.,
_ Vili, p. 252, 1838,
Reeve, Conch. Icon., t. 40, f. 244.

Carpenter, Mazatlan Cat., p. 177, 1857. No. 2. ,
; LIOSTRACUS.
“6. L. ZrecLert, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 113,
1846.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., t. 58, f. 889.
Carpenter, Mazatlan Cat., p. 177, 1857. No. 1.
“7, L. Fuoripanus, Pfeiffer. Zool. Proc., p. 330,
1856.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 184, t. 79, f. 8,
1859. No. 2.

“ 8. L. Dormant, W. G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., p. 188, 1857.
Terr. Moll., iv., p. 182, t. 80, f. 10, 1859. No, 3.

THAUMASTUS.
“9, T. PALLIDIOR, Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc., p.
108, 1832.

Reeve, Conch. Icon., t. 55, f. 365.

Bul. vegetus, Gould. Bost. Jour., vi., p. 375,
t. 14, £. 2.
Gould, Otia Conchologica, p. 184, 1862. No. 1.

“16, T. ExcELsus, Gould. Bost. Jour., vi., p. 376,
t. 14, f. 8, Oct., 1853.
W. G. Binney, I. ¢ tv. p. 24, t T9,f, 12,
1859. No. 2.

MESEMBRINUS.

“41,12. M. muttimingatus, Say. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., v., p. 120, 1825.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv., p. 132, 1859.

Bul. virgulatus, (not of Fer.,) Binney, 1. ¢. ii.,
p- 278, t. 58, 1851. No. 1.

“ 13. M. Humpotpti, Reeve. Conch. Icon., t. 58, f.
391. No. 2.
[ xxxiv. ]

THAUMASTUS.

(See also figs. 9, 10.)
Fig. 14. T. Cattrornicus, Reeve. Conch. Icon., No.
378, Dec., 1848.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv., p. 24, t. 79, f. 15,
1859. No. 3.

“15. T. patrrarcua, W. G. Binney. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., p. 116, 1858.
W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 130, t. 80,

f. 18, 1859. No. 4...

“ 16. T. atrernatus, Say. New Harmony Dis-
seminator, Dec. 28, 1831.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 126, t. 80, f. 1, 3,
1859.

Bul. dealbatus, Say, (Part) Binney, ]. c. ii., p.
276, t. 51, f. 2, t. 51 a, (excl. other fig-
ures,) 1851.

Bul. lactarius, Menke. No. 5.

ORTHALICID Zi.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
Puate 14.

THAUMASTUS.
(See also pl. 13.)

~ Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5. T. ScntepEanus, Pfeiffer. Symb. ad

Hist. Hel., i., p. 43, 1841.

W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 129, t. 80, f. 8, 15,
1859.

Bul. Binneyanus, Pfr. W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv.,
p. 128, 1859.

Bul. dealbatus, (Part) Binney, 1. ¢. ii., p. 276,
t. 51, b., (excl. other figures,) 1851. No. 6.
Plate ll.

AS Om GlOi/a tela,

 

Bowen & C°lith. Philada

Drawn by E. JNolan,M D.
A. J.C, 1867 PLZ Plate IL

 

Drawn by£ JNolan,M D. Bowen & C? lith. Philada.
Se Ned Aue Olii sled Gg

Bowen & Go lith. & col, Philada .

Plate 12

 
SIG 1G G17 tele)

Drawn by E. J Nolan, M D.

Plate 13.

 

Bowen & C% lith. Philada.

 
ALS. 1804 FLY. Plate 15.

 

26 ieee

Drawn byE. J Nolan, M D Bowen & C? lith. Philada
A. J.C. 1867 P1.10.

22
Drawn byE. J Nolan, MD.

 

Plate 14.

bowen & C? Irth. Philada.
A. J.C. 1867 PL1.10. Plate 14.

 

Drawn by E. J Nolan, M D. bowendé C? lth. Philada
[119]

3. Liostracus Dormani, W. G. Binney.
Plate 13, figure 8.

Ovately turrited, perforate, smooth; spire elongate, acute,
suture impressed; whorls 6, slightly convex, with minute
revolving lines, last whorl convex, with a very obtuse carina on
the periphery; aperture semi-oval, columella perpendicular.
Shining white, with several revolving rows of perpendicular,
reddish-brown patches.

Length 29, diam. 12 mill.

St. Augustine, Florida.

MESEMBRINUS, Albers.

1. Mesembrinus multilineatus, Say.
Plate 13, figures 11, 12.

Ovate-conic, smooth; spire elevated, suture distinct, but not
deep ; whorls 7, slightly convex, the last three-fifths of the total
length; aperture small, oval, columella perpendicular, perfora-
tion partly covered. Yellowish-white, with chestnut longitudi-
nal lines, a dark infra-sutural line, and a black apex, umbilical
area and lip.

Length 17, diam. 8 mill.
East Florida.

The markings are not unlike those of M. virguiatus, Fer., of
West Indies.

2. Mesembrinus Humboldti, Reeve.
Plate 13, figure 13.

Ovately turrited, thin, smooth, narrowly umbilicated ; spire
elongate, acute; whorls 7, somewhat convex, the last three-fifths
of the total length; aperture oblique, oval, lip sharp, not re-
flected, columellar margin dilated and appressed. White or

yellowish, with narrow, interrupted brown bands, sometimes not
banded.

Length 31, diam. 15 mill.
Cinaloa, North-western Mexico.

This species is described from Peru, and the identity of the
Mexican specimens may be tegeided as questionable.
1
[ 120)

3. Mesembrinus inscendens, Binney.
- Plate 14, figure 21.

Shell rimate, thin, narrowly turrited, suture well marked;
whorls 7, with minute revolving lines, the apex ribbed; aperture

narrowly ovate, oblique, lip simple, columellar margin reflected.
Reddish-brown.

Length 36, diam. 10 mill.
Lower California.

THAUMASTUS, Albers.

1. Thaumastus pallidior, Sowerby.
Plate 13, figure 9.
Elongate-ovate, rimate, striate by growth lines; spire
elevated, acuminate, whorls 6, convex, the last two-thirds the
total length; aperture subovate, lip reflexed, its extremities

approaching and connected by a slight callus. White, yellow-
ish white within.

Length 87, diam. 23 mill.

San Juan, Gulf of California; Cape St. Lucas, Lower Cali-
fornia.

2. Thaumastus Californicus, Reeve.
Plate 13, figure 14.
Ovately turrited, thin, scarcely umbilicated ; spire elevated-
conical; whorls 6, smooth; aperture oval, lip sharp, expanded,

columellar margin reflexed. White, with transverse bluish-black
zones.

Length 19, diam. 10 mill.
California (Reeve).

Probably from Lower California. Very closely allied to ser-
perastrus, Say.
f121]

8. Thaumastus excelsus, Gould.
Plate 13, figure 10.
Elongate-ovate, acuminate, somewhat solid, smooth; spire
elevated, acute; whorls 7, the last two-thirds the total length;
aperture small sub-ovate, lip reflexed, columellar margin much ~

expanded, lip extremities joined by a slight callus; axis rimate.
Fulvous with white strigations, lip white.

Length 44, diam. 19 mill.
Lower California.

4. Thaumastus patriarcha, W.G. Binney.
Plate 13, figure 15.

Shell ovate, perforate, solid, rugosely striate ; whorls 6, con-
vex, the last ventricose and two-thirds of the total length ;
aperture ovate, lip thickened within, and its extremities joined
by a heavy white callus, columellar margin slightly reflected
over the umbilicus. White.

Length 35, diam. 19 mill.
Texas and Mexico.

Larger and more rugose than the allied species.

5. Thaumastus alternatus, Say.

Plate 13, figure 16,
Plate 14, figures 10, 12.

Ovate-conic, rather thick, umbilicated; suture slightly im-
pressed; whorls 6, lip simple, expanded, thickened within,
columellar margin reflected. White, yellowish or grey, with
brown oblique longitudinal irregular or jagged bands, sometimes
confluent.

Length 30, diam. 17 mill.
Texas and Mexico.
Fig. 16 represents the typical form, and fig. 12 a not quite
adult, highly colored form ; fig. 10 is a small and more numer-

ous variety, if it be not indeed specifically distinct, It is the
shell described by Menke as Bulimus lactarius.
[122]

6. Thaumastus Schiedeanus, Pfeiffer.
Plate 14, figures 1, 2, 4, 5.

Ovate-conic, thick, irregularly longitudinally striate, narrowly
umbilicate; whorls 64, slightly convex, the last large ; aperture
oblong-oval, lip simple, a little expanded, thickened within,
columellar margin reflected, columella more or less plicate.
White, brownish inside.

Length 31, diam. 17 mill.

Texas and Mexico.

This species appears to vary considerably in form, some spe-
cimens being longer and less inflated than the type, and being
obtusely angulated on the periphery. A young shell of this
character is copied from W. G. Binney (fig. 2), who proposes,
should it prove to be distinct, to call it Mooreanus. Tadd an older
specimen, of the same form (fig. 4), but without the coloration of
Mr. Binney’s shell ; it is from Brownsville, Texas. Fig. 5 repre-
sents a not unusual variety with distinct columellar tooth, which
Pfeiffer supposed distinct, and proposed to call Bulimus Binney-
anus. The examinaticn of many shells showing the transition
from a smooth to a toothed columella, convinces me that they
are all of one species.

7. Thaumastus Marie, Albers.
Plate 14, figure 3.

Oblong conical, solid, rather smooth, narrowly umbilicate ;
spire conical, acute; whorls 64, slightly convex, attenuate at
the base; aperture acuminately oblong, oblique, lip sharp,
columellar margin dilated and reflected, columella with a small
tooth. White, with obsolete brown spots and dashes, brown
within.

Length 33, diam. 14 mill.

Texas.

 

MORMUS, Albers.

1. Mormus sufflatus, Gould.
Plate 14, figure 6.

Ovate, slightly striate, thin, slightly perforate; spire short ;
whorls 54, the last elliptical, and equalling three-fourths of the
total length; aperture lunate, lip simple, columella reflexed.
White.

Length 33, diam. 17 mill.

Lower California.

*
[ 128 ]

2. Mormus pilula, W. G. Binney.
Plate 14, figure 7.
Shell globular, thin, inflated, umbilicated ; spire short-conical,
suture well impressed; aperture rounded, lip thin, columellar

oe broadly reflected. White, with two brown revolving
ands.

Long. 12, lat. 9 mill.
Lower California.

 

SCUTALUS, Albers.

1. Scutalus proteus, Broderip.
Plate 14, figure 8.
This is a Peruvian species, of which a number of young speci-
mens have been collected in Lower California. It may not be
more than an adventitious inhabitant of that peninsula.

2. Scutalus dealbatus, Say.
Plate 14, figure 9.

Shell ovate-conical, thin, ventricose; whorls 7, striate, with
growth lines which are more apparent on the spire, the last
whorl subglobose; aperture ovate, lip thin, the columellar mar-
gin reflected, umbilicus narrow. White, with interrapted oblique
longitudinal grey or yellow streaks. ‘

Length 18, diam. 11 mill.

North Carolina, Alabama, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas.

A very abundant species, which will probably be found to
inhabit all the far southern States.

3. Scutalus Xantusi, W. G. Binney.
Plate 14, figure 11.

Shell ovate-oblong, longitudinally striate, with minute re-
volving lines; spire elevated, suture impressed ; whorls 53,
slightly convex ; aperture ovate, lip simple, columella arched,
parietal wall covered by a slight callus. White (bleached ?).

‘Length 21, diam. 8 mill.

Lower California.
[ 124 J
PERONAUS, Albers.

1. Peronezus artemesia, W. G. Binney.
Plate 14, figure 22.

Shell subeylindrical, rimate; whorls 8, gradually increasing
in size, flattened, suture well impressed; surface smooth, except
first whorl and a half of spire, which are ribbed ; aperture small,
obliquely oval, its margins approaching and connected by a
heavy callous deposit. White, almost transparent.

Length 23, diam. 6 mill.
Lower California.

Addenda.
Bulimus (Leptomerus) Marielinus, Pvey.
Plate 14, figure 23.

Ovate-conical, thin, imperforate; whorls 5, slightly convex,
transparent, with several sub-interrupted brown bands on the
lower portion of the body whorl; aperture oval, columella per-
pendicular, lip thin, not reflected.

Long. 8 mill.
A Cuban species, recently found in South Florida.

Spurious Species.

AcHATINA (CoLUMNA) CALIFoRNICA, Pfeiffer, quoted from Mon-
terey, California, is a South American species.

BuLIMUS DECOLLATUS, Linn.,
Buiimus acitcuna, Miiller,
Buuimus suBuua, Pfeiffer,

|
Buiimus tusricus, Miller,
Are all to be referred to

BULIMUS GRACILLIMUS, Pfeiffer, (eden Bnpates

Buuimus Gosset, Pfeiffer,
Butimus Krenert, Pfeiffer,
BuLimus warpa, Say,
BULIMUS MARGINATUS, Say,
[ 125 J

Family PUPAD ZL.

Shell cylindrical, with generally obtuse apex, the whorls
numerous and nearly equal; aperture small, rounded, with
expanded or reflected lips, and generally armed with teeth or
laminze within. Minute in size in most of the North American
species,

Animal.—Tentacles very small or wanting ; foot short, obtuse
or pointed behind.

Remarks.—These shells are the smallest of all the terrestrial
mollusca inhabiting the United States (except P. incana, which
is a large species, but belongs to a West Indian group). They
are so minute, indeed, that it requires the strictest scrutiny of
the damp ground, moss, or decayed wood inhabited by them, in
order to detect their presence, a difficulty which is much increased
by their color, which is dull and earthy.

Genera.

1. CronELLA, Jeffreys. Oblong-acuminate, smooth, polished;
aperture small, oval, with a short, arcuate, more or less
truncated columella.

2. Stenoeyra, Shuttleworth. Cylindrically turrited, generally
truncate at apex, epidermis corneous, shining; aperture
small, oval, columella truncate.

3. Macrocuramus. Turrited or conical, apex attenuated, last
whorl angulated around its base; aperture oval, peristome
not continuous nor reflected, except over the columella.
Generally white with stripes or spots of darker markings.

4, Pupa, Draparnaud. Cylindrical, minutely perforate, size
very small, aperture small, lip expanded or reflected, gene-
rally toothed within. Animal with superior and inferior
tentacles.

5. Srropara, Albers. Shell large, with obtuse apex, the whorls
generally covered with transverse ribs. Lip thickened and
reflected, its extremities connected by‘a thick callus; colu-

mella dentate.
West Indian.
[ 126 J

6. Vertieo, Miller. Minute, cylindrical apex acuminate,
obtuse; lip expanded, white. Animal without inferior
tentacles.

7. ZoogeNnitES, Morse. Minute, turrited, conical, acutely
ribbed longitudinally. Ovoviviparous.

CIONELLA.

Subgenera.

Zua, Leach. Ovate-oblong, imperforate, smooth, pellucid,
golden, shining; aperture small; lip obtuse, its extremities
joined by a callus; columella more or less truncate.

ActcuLa, Leach. Elongate, imperforate, white, vitreous, spire
turrited, apex slightly obtuse; aperture oblong, lip simple,
acute; columella subarcuate, truncate at base.

ZUA, Leach.

1, Zua subcylindrica, Chemnitz.
Plate 14, figure 14,

Shell oblong-oval, thin, polished, transparent; whorls 6,
slightly convex, apex obtuse, sutures well marked; aperture
oval, longitudinal, lip thickened but not reflected; umbilicus
impervious. Bright amber color.

Length 7:5, diam. 2°5 mill.

Inhabits from New England and the Middle States to Lake of
the Woods and the far Western Territories.

ACICULA, Leach.

1. Acicula acicula, Miiller.
Plate 14, figure 13.
Cylindrical, acicular, spire attenuated, apex obtuse, suture

narrowly margined; whorls 6 or 7, flat; aperture narrow, lip
acute, columella arcuate. Iyaline, polished.

Length 4, diam. 1 mill.
17 7

European ; introduced with imported plants, and sparingly
distributed in a few places in the vicinity of greenhouses.
Becoming naturalized.

This is an European species, introduced originally with im-
ported plants; it has been found frequently in greenhouses, and
lately, by Mr. A. D. Brown, of Princeton, N. J., in his garden.

STENOGYRA.

Subgenera.

Rumina, Risso. Cylindrically elongate, truncate at apex,
whorls remaining 4 or 5, smooth, shining; aperture semi-
oval, lip margined within, not expanded, its extremities
joined by a callus, columella not truncate; rimate.

Opgas, Albers. Elongated, thin, striate, shining; whorls 6—8,
the last compressed, perforate; aperture ovate oblong,
equalling one-third to one-fourth of the total length, lip
simple, acute, columellar margin reflexed.

MELANIELLA, Pfeiffer. Elongated, imperforate, costate; aper-
ture ovate, effused at base, peristome simple, subcontinu-
ous.

1, Rumina decollata, Linnzus.
Plate 14, figure 15.

Shell cylindrically turrited, rather thick, smooth, semitranspa-
rent; apex truncated, leaving 4 or 5 nearly flat whorls; aper-
ture oval, angular above; outer lip thickened but not reflected,
columellar lip reflected; umbilicus imperforate. Bright amber
color.

Length (truncated) 25, diam. 10 mill.

Charleston, 8. C.

This is a common European specics, which has been introduced
into various parts of the old and new world. In Charleston it is
very numerous, though not found elsewhere in the United States.

17
[ 128 J

2. Opeas subula, Pfeiffer.
Plate 14, figure 17.

Shell elevated, transparent: whorls 8, well rounded, the apex
obtuse; aperture small, oval; base minutely perforated. White
or yellowish.

Length 12, diam. 2°5 mill.
Florida (from Cuba).

3. Melaniella gracillima, Pfeiffer.
Plate 14, figure 16.

Elongated cylindrical, thin, with 20 to 30 sharp longitudinal
ribs on each whorl; whorls 8, flattened, the suture deeply im-
pressed, apex obtuse; the last whorl is angular below the mid-
dle; aperture small, elongated, oval, lip and columella both nearly
perpendicular. White.

Length 7:5, diam. 1-6 mill.
Florida (from Cuba).

MACROCERAMUS, Guilding.

This genus belongs peculiarly to the West Indian fauna, and
the species mentioned below are only stragglers from it into the
subjacent parts of the United States.

 

1, Macroceramus Pontificus, Gould.
Plate 14, figure 20.

Fusiformly cylindrical, apex acuminate; whorls 9 to 12,
slightly rounded, closely obliquely costulate: suture impressed,
crenulate; aperture small, obliquely rounded, lip slightly
reflected; base with a raised or carinated revolving line. White
with brown and bluish clouds or bands crossing the whorls ob-
liquely, and a colored band upon the carine.

Length 18, diam. 5 mill.
Florida.
[ 129 J

2. Macroceramus Gossei, Pfeiffer.

* Plate 14, figures 18, 19,

Fusiformly cylindrical, obliquely costulate; whorls 6, convex,
sutures crenulate; aperture obliquely rounded, the lip slightly
expanded; base subangulate, rimate. White with curved ob-
lique dark bands and corneous dots; sometimes the markings
are obsolete.

Length 11, diam. 3°6 mill.
Texas (Coll. Menke).

PUPA, Draparnaud.
Subgenera.

Puptuua, Leach. Cylindrical, apex obtuse; whorls 5—9, cor-
neous, somewhat shining; aperture rounded, lip expanded,
scarcely reflected, armed with teeth within or without
teeth.

Levucocuita, Albers. Cylindrically ovate, apex somewhat ob-
tuse, smooth, pellucid, shining; aperture semioval, edentu-
lous, or armed with teeth or plications, lip thickened, re-
flexed; rimate. ‘

Genus PUPILLA, Leach.

1, Pupilla badia, Adams.
Plate 15, figure 2.

Shell subcylindrical, with an obtuse apex; whorls about 6,
moderately well rounded, with well-marked suture; aperture
small, rounded, with a small tubercle on the parietal wall, and
occasionally a tooth on the base of the lip; umbilicus perforate.
Dark chestnut color.

Length 3, diam. 1°5 mill.
New England States.

It has been confounded with P. muscorum, of Europe, by some
American and foreign naturalists, but differs in being larger
with a less thickened lip.
[ 180 J

2. Pupilla Hoppii, Maller.
Plate 15, figure 3.

Obtusely fusiform, whorls 5, very much rounded, with deep
suture ; aperture small, quadrately oval, with a small tooth on
the parietal wall, and a tubercular thickening on the columellar
portion of the lip; surface coarsely striate.

Greenland.

I have never seen this species, and the above description is
made up from the only published figure of it. Méller’s descrip- |
tion is very short and meagre.

 

3. Pupilla Blandi, Morse.
Plate 15, figure 4,

Ovately cylindrical, apex obtuse; whorls 6, well rounded,
with deep suture; aperture rounded, small, the lip subreflected,
with a tooth on the parietal wall, one on the columellar portion,
and a third remote within the base.

Length 3, diam. 1:5 mill.
Drift on Missouri River, near Fort. Berthold.

4, Pupilla variolosa, Gould.
Plate 15, figure 5.

Ovately conical, apex obtuse, whorls 5, well rounded, with a
profound suture; surface thickly and irregularly pitted with
small round indentations, aperture small, obliquely oval, with
lip slightly reflected, with a revolving lamellar tooth, a tooth on
the columella and another on the base. Yellowish green.

Length 2 mill.
East Florida.

5. Pupilla pentodon, Say.
Plate 15, figure 6.
Ovately conical, with subacute apex, whorls 5, well rounded,
with deep suture; aperture small, obliquely rounded, lip ex-
panded, but not reflexed, with a white callous inner margin
[ 181.]

armed with two teeth on the columella, of which the upper one
is largest, and from two to seven teeth on the outer lip, while
orie to two teeth are situated on the parietal wall. Light horn
color.

Length 2 mill.
Maine to Ohio ard southwards to Georgia.

The number of teeth developed on the lip increases with age
from the minimum to the largest number mentioned above.

6. Pupilla decora, Gould.
Plate 15, figure 7.

Ovately cylindrical, apex obtuse; whorls, 6, well rounded,
with deep sutures; surface shining; aperture small, rounded,
armed with 4 teeth, one on the parietal wall, one on the colu-
mella, the third on the base and the fourth on the outer lip;
perforate ; light amber color.

Length 2°5, diam. 1-3 mill.

Vicinity of Lake Superior.

 

7. Pupilla Rowelli, Newcomb.
"Plate 15, figure 8.

-Ovately fusiform, apex subacute; whorls 5, moderately
rounded, with impressed suture; aperture small, oval, with a
parietal, a basal, a columellar and an outer lip tooth; of these
the basal is largest, and that on the parietal margin the next
largest. ,

California.

8. Pupilla Californica, Rowell.
Plate 15, figure 9.

Ovately cylindrical, apex obtuse, whorls 5, slightly convex,
with rib-like strie; aperture quadrately oval, with a tooth on
the parietal margin, another on the columellar, a third on the
basal, and a fourth on the outer margin.

California.

Distinguished from P. Rowellit by its more obtuse outline,
raised strie and smaller basal tooth. Its strie distinguish it
principally from P. decora, Gould.
[ 182 ]

Genus LEUCOCHILA, Albers.

1, Leucochila marginata, Say.
Plate 15, figure 11.

Ovately turrited, spire rather obtuse, whorls 6, well rounded,
smooth; aperture rounded, with widely reflected lip; perforate.
Dark brown.

Length 6, diam. 2°5 mill.
Eastern, Middle and Western States.

More cylindrical than the following, with wide-margined white
lip.

2. Leucochila fallax, Say.
Plate 15, figure 10.
Ovately turrited, apex acuminate; whorls 6, well rounded,

smooth; aperture roundetl, large, lip expanded but not reflected,
without teeth; umbilicus perforate. Dark brown.

Length 5, diam. 2°5 mill.
Eastern and Middle States.

This species, described by Mr. Say as distinct from his P.
marginata, has since been confounded with it. I was luckily
able to point out the difference between them in Am. Jour. Con-
chology, i. p. 285.

3. Leucochila Arizonensis, Gabb.
Plate 15, figure 12.

Pupoid or cylindrical, with obtuse apex, suture well impressed ;
whorls 53, convex, smooth, translucent; aperture suboval, eden-
ytate, lip thickened, strongly reflected, slightly emarginate near
the posterior termination ; imperforate. Corneous, lip white.

Length 5, diam. 2 mill.
Fort Grant, Arizona. Pike’s Peak in the Rocky Mountains.
[ 138 ]

4, Leucochila hordacea, Gabb.

Cylindrical, apex obtuse; whorls 6, convex, with well im-
pressed suture, smooth, thin; aperture small, edentulous; lip
narrowly reflected and white; base umbilicate, the umbilicus
bounded by an angle.

Length 2°8; diam. 1:1 mill.

Fort Grant, Arizona.

5. Leucochila modica, Say.
Plate 15, figure 14.

Ovately conical, fragile, spire acute; whorls 5, convex; aper-
ture small, oval, lip turned over but not flattened, without teeth ;
imperforate. Pale horn color.

Length 2:5, diam. 1°5 mill.
Florida.

6. Leucochila armifera, Say.
Plate 15, figure 15.

Subfusiform, smooth, apex obtuse; whorls 6 to 7, with mode-
rately impressed sutures; aperture small, oval, with widely re-
flected lip, much thickened within, its extremities nearly joined,
connected by a callus deposit on the parietal margin; teeth
generally four in number, namely, a parietal tooth, which is
lamellar, large, and has one or more projecting points or is
sometimes bifid, a rounded tooth on the left side, remote from
the margin, and two others on the outer lip near its base; base
of shell keeled, umbilicus perforate. Light horn color.

There are occasionally, in addition to the above, a distant
tooth in the base of the aperture, and a marginal one near the
top of the outer lip.

Length 5, diam. 2°5 mill.

Vermont to Kansas and southward to Kentucky.
[ 184 ]

7. Leucochila contracta, Say.
Plate 15, figure 16.

Subconical; whorls 6, with moderately impressed sutures ;
aperture small, trigonal, the margin continuous, reflected, much
thickened within, the throat nearly filled by the large teeth
which include an irregular one on the parietal margin, project-
ing into the aperture and concave on its right side, a tubercle on
the umbilical side and another in the base, and a raised tooth on
the outer margin of the lip; base keeled, minutely perforate.
Light horn color.

Length 2:5, diam. 1:3 mill.
Maine to Iowa and southward to Florida and Texas.

8. Leucochila rupicola, Say.
Plate 15, figure 17.

Narrow, cylindrically fusiform, apex obtuse; whorls 6, slightly
convex ; aperture small, oval, the lip thickened within and widely
reflected: teeth five in number, namely, one on the parietal wall,
large and emarginate (sometimes deeply), a conical one, some-
times divided, on the umbilical margin, the third at the base, the
fourth on the outer lip, and the fifth deeply seated within the
outer lip; frequently all the teeth but the first two are wanting ;
umbilicus minutely perforate. Brownish.

Length 2°5, diam. 1:2 mill.
Pennsylvania to Florida, Arkansas.

9. Leucochila corticaria, Say.
Plate 15, figure 18.

Subcylindrical, apex obtuse, whorls five, convex, with well-
impressed sutures; aperture small, rounded, with white, re-
flected lip, on the parietal wall is a small tooth, or rarely two
teeth, and the umbilical side of the lip is also partially dentate,
although occasionally both teeth are wanting. Substance thin
and translucent, whitish,

Length 2:5, diam. 1:3 mill.

Northern, Middle and Western States ; Mississippi.
[ 185 J

10. Leucochila pellucida, Pfeiffer.
Plate 15, figure above 24,

Cylindrical, thin, shining, pellucid, apex obtuse; whorl five,
convex, aperture semi-oval, five-toothed, one on the parietal
wall, one on the columella, two on the middle of the outer lip,
anda minute one on its base; lip simple, expanded. Light
corneous.

Length 2, diam. 1 mill.

Texas ?

This is a Cuban species, quoted from Texas by Réemer. It
may be doubted whether the specimens collected by this gentle-
man were really the same as the Cuban shell.

 

STROPHIA.

1, Strophia incana, Binney.
Plate 15, figure 19.

Cylindrical, thick, opaque, apex obtuse; whorls eight to
twelve, flattened, suture not deep; more or less heavily striate,
sometimes almost smooth; aperture small, rounded-oval, lip
white, thickened and reflected with a callus deposit bearing a
tooth on the parietal wall and on the columella; base imper-
forate, carinate, with the strie well developed. White, with
sometimes irregular black flames or zig-zag markings.

Length 25—81, diam. 10 mill.

Florida and Cuba.

This is the only representative in our country of a numerous
group of large species, inhabiting several West India Islands,
but attaining their greatest development in Cuba.

 

VERTIGO.

1, Vertigo Bollesiana, Morse.
Plate 15, figure 25.

Ovate-cylindrical, apex obtuse; whorls four, well rounded,
with impressed suture; aperture sub-trigonal, with a curved
parietal tooth, two columellar teeth, the lower one the smallest,
and two transverse lamelliform teeth within the outer lip and at
its middle and base; lip thickened and subreflected ; axis per-
forate.

Length 1:7, diam. 9 mill.
18
[136 J

Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Norfolk,
Va.

Smaller than V. Gouldi, which it much resembles ; it differs
in the outer lip not being smooth in the middle.

2. Vertigo corpulenta, Morse.
Plate 15, figure 24.

Ovate, striate, polished, translucent, apex obtuse; whorls
four, very convex, with deep suture; aperture rounded, trun-
cated by the parietal wall, lip slightly thickened and reflected ;
teeth four, small and obtuse, one on parietal wall, one on the
columellar margin, one on the middle of the labrum and one
near its base.

Length 2:5, diam. 1:3 mill.

Little Valley, Washoe Co., Nevada, Eastern slope of Sierra
Nevada, alt. 6500 ft.

3. Vertigo Gouldi, Binney.
Plate 15, figure 20.

Ovate-cylindrical, apex obtuse; whorls four, convex, with
well marked sutures ; aperture semi-oval, truncated above by the
parietal wall, the outer lip sub-reflexed, and incurved in the
middle; there are two sharp teeth on the umbilical lip, two more
within the outer lip and one on the parietal wall; umbilicus per-
forate. Chestnut color.

Length 2, diam. 1 mill.
New England and Middle States.

4, Vertigo milium, Gould.
Plate 15, figure 21.

Ovate with obtuse apex ; whorls five, well rounded, with deep
sutures ; aperture semi-oval, truncated above, outer lip ineurved
in the middle, lip white and reflected, parietal wall covered with
callus ; there are two sharp teeth on the parietal wall, a broad
tooth on the umbilical margin, with occasionally one or two little
tubercles near its base, one in the base of the aperture and two
[ 137 ]

on the outer lip; umbilicus open, rather large. Chestnut
color.
Length -90, diam. °65 mill.

Inhabits nearly the whole country east of Mississippi River.

5. Vertigo ovata, Say.
Plate 15, figure 22.

Ovate conical, ventricose, apex conical, whorls five, very con-
vex, with deep suture; aperture half round, truncate above, lip
thickened within and reflected, marked externally by a groove,
outer lip incurved in the middle; teeth six to eight, a large
sharp one and a small one on the parietal wall, two on the
columellar margin, one of them at its base, and two on the
labrum, one of which is also basal; umbilicus open. Dark
amber colored, shining.

Length 1:8, diam. 1 mill.

Northern United States.

 

6. Vertigo simplex, Gould.
Plate 15, figure 23,

Cylindrical, apex obtuse ; whorls five, well rounded, with deep
suture; aperture rounded, peristome nearly continuous, scarcely
reflected, without teeth; umbilicus nearly covered by the lip.
Dark brown.

Length 1:6, diam. °8 mill

Maine to Pennsylvania.

 

7. Vertigo ventricosa, Morse.
Plate 15, figure 26.

Ovate-conic, smooth and shining, apex obtuse; whorls four,
very convex, with deep suture ; aperture small, rounded triangu-
lar, the middle of the outer lip incurved, lip widely reflected
and thickened within; there is one large tocth on the parietal
wall, another occupies the columellar lip, with a smaller one
near its base, and there are two large teeth on the outer lip,
making five in all; umbilicus smooth. Light chestnut color.

Length 1-6, diam. 1 mill.
Maine, New Hampshire, Mohawk and Greenwich, New York.
| 188 J
ZOOGENITES, Morse.

1, Zoogenites harpa, Say.
Plate 15, figure 1.

Ovate-conic, apex acute, thin, translucent, covered with sharp,
thin, blade-like longitudinal ribs, apex acute and smooth, whorls
four, convex, with impressed suture; aperture large, obliquely
semi-circular, without teeth, lip not reflected ; umbilicus minutely
perforated. Light horn color.

Length 5, diam. 8°5 mill.

Maine to Iowa.

This is a boreal species, and has not been met with south of
the above localities, I believe. It much resembles, except in size,
Helix Idahoensis, Newcomb.

Family CYLINDRELLIDA.

Shell cylindrical, multispiral, truncate, frequently costate ;
aperture small, subcircular, edentuous, peristome expanded, con-
tinuous.

CYLINDRELLA, Pfeiffer.
Subgenera.

GoneyLostoma, Albers.—Cylindrically fusiform, apex attenuate,
costulate or striate, whorls 9—20, the last more or less pro-
tracted, obsoletely angulate; aperture circular, lip expanded.

Hotospira, Albers.—Shell turrited or fusiform, apex conical, not
truncate; whorls 1i—14, the last not protracted, base cari-
nate ; aperture subquadrangular, peristome expanded, colu
mella plicate.

Genus GONGYLOSTOMA, Albers.

1. Gongylostoma Poeyana, Pfeiffer.
Plate 15, figure 27.
Elongate, thin, longitudinally sharply striate ; spire very long,
acuminate and truncate at the apex; whorls eleven, slightly con-
[139 J

vex; the last carinate at base; aperture rounded with continu-
ous, acute lip. Corneous.

Length 15, diam. 4 mill.
Florida.

2. Gongylostoma jejuna, Gould.
Plate 15, figure 28.

Small, fusiformly elongate, solid, attenuate and truncated at
apex; whorls about nine remaining, convex, with well impressed
suture, the last whorl carinate at base; aperture campanulate,
the lip continuous and not in contact with preceding whorl.
Light horn color, with narrow longitudinal white lines.

Length 10, diam. 2°5 mill.
Florida.

3. Gongylostoma Coahuilensis, W. G. Binney.
Plate 15, figure 29,

Cylindrical, ventricose, thin, apex conically obtuse ; whorls
twelve, the upper ones smooth, the middle ones striate, the last
two strongly ribbed, attenuated at base and not carinate; aper-
ture subquadrate, with continuous peristome. White.

Length 29, diam. 7, mill.
Coahuila, Mexico.

Genus HOLOSPIRA, Albers.

1, Holospira Remeri, Pfeiffer.

Subcylindrical, apex obtusely conical, not truncate, substriate ;
whorls fourteen, flattened, the last carinate at the base, twisted
downwards and free from the preceding whorl; the aperture
with narrowly expanded lip, which is continuous, with a plica
within. Pinkish white.

Var. . smaller, more ventricose, whorls 12, the last less free,
Length 13—14, diam. 4°6 mill.
New Braunfels, Texas.
[140]

2. Holospira Goldfussi, Menke.
Plate 15, figure 31.

Elongate, swelled in the middle; apex conic, not truncated;
thin, translucent, lightly striate; whorls twelve, flat, narrow, the
last carinated at base; aperture obliquely sub-triangular, lid
slightly expanded, continuous. Light horn color.

Length 11, diam. 4-4 mill.

Texas.

3. Holospira Remondi, Gabb.
Plate 15, figure 32.

‘Oblong-elliptical, subtruncated, whorls twelve, the first two
and a half smooth, the rest densely obliquely striate, the last
whorl convex at the base, aperture round, with reflected lip;
umbilicus minute. White.

Length 11, diam. 3 mill.
Sonora, Mexico.

 

4. Holospira Pfeifferi, Menke.
Plate 15, figure 34.

Oblong-ovate, thin, pellucid, densely obliquely striate ; spire
oblong, conical, apex obtuse; whorls twelve, convex, subcom-
pressed at the base; aperture rounded, peristome shortly reflect-
ed. White.

Length 17-5, diam. 5°6 mill.

Sonora, Mexico.

Larger, with fewer and larger strie than H. Rémondi ; the
the whorls also are more rounded.

 

5. Holospira irregularis, Gabb.
Plate 15, figure 30.

Cylindrical, slender, whorls sixteen to eightcen, slightly con-
vex, the last one subangulated below; suture slightly impressed ;
minutely umbilicate ; aperture small, subquadrate, lip slightly
expanded; surface with small longitudinal ribs. Color light
brown.

Length 25, diam. 5 mill.

Lower California.
ri

6. Holospira Newcombiana, Gabb.
Plate 15, figure 33.

Large, slender, tapering ; whorls eleven and a half, flattened,
the last subangular in the middle ; aperture with widely expand-
ed lip which is continuous; surface with fine irregular, undula-
ting and occasionally broken ribs, radiately and obliquely dis-
posed, the interstices crossed by microscopic revolving lines.

Length 1-9 inch, diam -35 in.
Lower California.

Family LIMACID.

This Family includes the so-called naked snails or slugs,
which possess a small shield-like shell concealed beneath the
mantle of the animal.

The following Family, Arionide, possesses a few calcareous
agglomerated granules only, instead of the shell; and the third
family of Snails, the Philomycenide, have no vestige of a shell.

LIMAX.
Subgenera.

EvuLIMAX, includes species Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4.

AMALIA, includes species No. 5.

1, Limax flavus, Linn.
Plate 16, figure 3.

Yellowish brown, covered with lighter colored longitudinally-
disposed spots; surface granulate, the granules smaller and con-
centrically arranged upon the mantle; posterior termination
acute and keeled. Base dirty white.

Length 3 to 4 inches when fully extended.
Seaports, (introduced from Europe) inhabiting cellars.
[ 142]

2. Limax maximus, Linn.
Plate 16, figure 2.

This very large French Snail has been found recently in cel-
lars in Philadelphia, in such numbers as to warrant the belief
that it has become a permanent addition to our mollusca. The
figure is from a living specimen.

3. Limax agrestis, Miiller.
Plate 17, figures 14, 15, 16.

Much smaller than the preceding ; color varying from white
through all shades of yellowish and grayish to brown or black,
with or without small black dots, the mantle sometimes mottled
with lighter color, white beneath. Upper surface somewhat ru-
gose.

Length 1 to 2 inches.

Cities on the coast and their vicinity. (From Europe).

4. Limax campestris, Binney.
Plate 17, figures 11, 12, 13.

Cylindrical, elongated, thin; color black, lead or brownish,
without spots ; mantle finely concentrically striated, back prom-
inently tuberculated.

Length one inch.
Northern and Western States. Indigenous.

5. Limax Columbianus, Gould.
Plate 16, figure 1.

Thick, carinated and obtusely pointed behind ; foot wide,
margining the body and furbelowed, with transverse oblique
striae, body longitudinally corrugated, mantle finely granulated ;
color dark greenish yellow, sometimes with large purplish black
blotches.

Length five inches.
Neighborhood of Puget’s Sound, Oregon.
[ 143 ]

Family ARIONID.
ARION.

Subgenera.
PRouepis. Species No. 1.
ARIOLIMAX, Morch. Species No. 2.

1. Arion fuscus, Miiller.
Plate 17, figures 9—10.

Light ash color, sometimes obscurely banded lengthwise ; body
cylindrical, narrow, its posterior extremity flat and rounded ;
upper surface longitudinally corrugated; head darker than the
body, tentacles blackish.

Length one to two inches.

Maritime cities and their vicinity. (From Europe).

 

2. Arion foliolatus, Gould.
Plate 17, figure 1.

Reddish fawn color, coarsely obliquely reticulated with slate-
colored lines; mantle concentrically marked with slate color,
foot projecting around and forming a border to the body which
is obliquely lineated ; tentacles small and short.

Length three and a half inches.
Neighborhood of Puget’s Sound, Oregon.

Family PHILOMYCENID ZA.
TEBENNOPHORUS, Binney.

1. Tebennophorus Carolinensis, Bosc.
Plate 17, figure 6.

Whitish or yellowish-white, sometimes unmarked, but gene-
rally with clouds or spots of brown or black, forming three ill-
defined longitudinal bands ; tentacles blackish, surface longitud-
inally rugose.

Length three to four inches.

New England States to South Carolina, and westward to

Missouri.
19
[144]

2. Tebennophorus dorsalis, Binney.
Plate 17, figures 7, 8.

Cylindrical, ashy blue with a black band on the middle of the
back, tentacles black ; surface minutely longitudinally rugose.
the posterior termination acute.

Length 18 mill.

Found in woods. Vermont, near Boston, near Philadelphia,

(Tryon).

Family VERONICELLID.
VERONICELLA.

1, Veronicella Floridana, Binney.
Plate 17, figures 2—5.

Elongate oval, extremities rounded; back arched, slightly
wrinkled, dark ashy gray mottled with black, with a white line
in the middle and an ill-defined black band at a little distance
on each side of it; tentacles short, annulated, the lower ones
indistinctly bifurcate; drab color below.

Length 56 mill.

Meta-lee-chee Key, Charlotte Harbor, West coast of Florida,
under moist earth.

Family ONCHIDIID A.
ONCHIDIUM.

1, Onchidium Carpenteri, W. G. Binney.
Plate 18, figure 39.
Lower California.
( 145]
Family AURICULIDA.

Shell oval or oblong, generally of a dark brown or chocolate
color, with a more or less long and narrow aperture, the lip of

which is generally toothed within, not umbilicate; not opercu-
late.

Animal amphibious ; furnished with two tentacula, with eyes
at their bases.

Remarks. Although air-breathers, these animals require a
large amount of moisture, and are generally found on the sea-
shore, in places covered by high tides. Both in the character of
the animal and in that of the shell, they much resemble the
fresh water pulmonifera, which they seem to connect with the
strictly terrestrial species.

Sub-families.

Avricuning. Shell ovate-oval, lip expanded or thickened.
Animal terrestrial, extending inland.

Mutampina. Shell oval or oblong, the outer lip thin, armed by
a submarginal row of teeth within.
Animal inhabiting the sea-shore.

AURICULIN &.

’ Genera.

Auexta, Leach. Ovate or oval, pointed, thin; aperture ovate,
narrow, the lip broadly rounded and entire at the base ; parie-

tal wall with transverse laminz ; outer lip expanded, thickened
within, and sometimes toothed.

Carycutum, Miller. Pupiform, very thin, transparent, minute ;

aperture suboval, columella generally folded, parietai wall
with one or two teeth; lip reflected.

20
[ 146]

ALEXIA.

1, Alexia myosotis, Draparnaud.
Plate 18, figures 1, 2.

Oval elongate, thin, smooth and shining ; spire produced, apex
acute, suture distinct; whorls 7-8, slightly convex, the last
about three-fourths of the total length of the shell; aperture
long and narrow, lip thin, sometimes slightly dentate-ridged
within, appressed at the base and slightly reflected over the mi-
nute perforated umbilicus. There is a sharp transverse tooth on
the parietal wall, and a smaller one above it; columella folded.
Dark horn color, the sutures narrowly banded with red.

Length 8, diam. 4 mill.
Sea coast, New England to New York.

CARYCHIUM.

1, Carychium exiguum, Say.
Plate 18, figure 3.
Oval-elongate, white, translucent, shining; spire long, apex
obtuse; whorls 5 or 6, convex, very oblique: aperture oval,

white, columella plaited in the middle, and slightly folded also
near the base ; lip thick, reflected ; umbilicus perforated.

Length 1:6, diam. -6 mill.
Northern, Middle and Western States, Arkansas, Texas.

MELAMPIN 4s.

Genera.

1. Menampus, Montfort. Conical-ovate with short obtuse spire ;
aperture long and narrow: inner lip folded several times,
outer lip internally ridged, the ridge plicate. Fovot of the
animal bifid posteriorly.
[ 147 ]

2. TRaLIa, Gray. Ovate with elevated spire; aperture long,
narrow, dilated in front ; inner lip 3-folded, outer lip nume-
rously transversely ridged within. Foot of animal acute
and entire behind.

3. Leuconta, Gray. Shell ovate-oblong, spire conical, aperture
elongate, oval; inner lip with two anterior plaits, outer lip
internally smooth, its margin acute. Foot divided infe-
riorly by a transverse groove.

4. Peprpzs, Adanson. Subglobose, imperforate, transversely
striate, spire short; aperture narrow ; parietal wall concave,
with three plaits, of which the posterior is largest; outer
lip with a sinus behind, two internal teeth, and an acute
margin. Foot divided below by a transverse groove.

5. Brauneria, Shuttleworth. Ovate-oblong, thin; aperture
long and narrow, the inner wall plicate near the columella,
columella subtruncate ; lip simple, acute.

MELAMPUS, Montfort.

1, Melampus olivaceus, Carpenter.
Plate 18, figure 4,

Obconic; spire short, suture indistinct ; whorls 7-9, obtusely
angulated on the body below the suture; aperture long and
narrow, lip covered with sharp lamine within, parietal wall with
from one to three small revolving lamine ; there is also a stout

fold on the columella. Epidermis olivaceous, below which the
color is white with patches or revolving lines of red.

Length 18, diam. 8 mill.

Lower California, Mazatlan.

2. Melampus bidentatus, Say.
Plate 18, figure 5.
Obovate, epidermis longitudinally wrinkled, with very minute

revolving striz; spire short, obtuse, suture distinct; whorls 6,
[148 J

the last obtusely angulated near the suture; aperture long and
narrow, lip with or without lamin within, when present some-
times terminating in an obtuse white callus running parallel with
and slightly within the margin ; parietal wall and columella each
vith a fold. Horn color or brownish, with generally four or
five narrow reddish bands.

Length 10 mill., diam. 5:5 mill.

Whole Atlantic Coast of the United States.

8. Melampus flavus, Ginelin.
Plate 18, figure 6.

Obconic, smooth; spire short, convex, suture slightly impres-
sed ; whorls 9-10 ; aperture narrow, lip with about ten transverse
ribs within, parietal wall and columella each with a prominent
fold. Chestnut color, with three equidistant revolving light
colored bands.

Length 13, diam. 8-6 mill.
Florida. (From West Indies.)

 

4. Melampus coffea, Linneus.
Plate 18, figures 7, 8.

Obconic, solid, smooth and shining, with microscopic revolv-
ing lines; spire short conic, apex black, pointed; whorls 9-10,
the last angulated obtusely below the suture; aperture narrow,
lip thickened within, with from 15-22 transverse laminz, colu-
mella with a prominent fold, and two teeth on the parietal wall.
Dark brown with three or four white revolving bands.

Height 19, diam. 10 mill., usually smaller.
Florida (from West Indies.

TRALIA, Gray.
1, Tralia pusilla, Gmelin.
Plate 18, figure 9.

Ovate, solid, smooth, shining, with microscopic revolving
lines ; spire lengthened conic, with acute, black apex ; whorls 6
[ 149 j

—T, the last one slightly shouldered; aperture narrow above,
much wider below, lip simple, acute, with a transverse lamina
within, columella with a prominent fold, parietal wall with two

teeth. Reddish-brown, with evanescent lighter bands, teeth
white.

Length 11, diam. 5 mill.
Florida (from West Indies).

2. Tralia cingulata, Pfeiffer.
Plate 18, figure 10.

Fusiform, thick, polished, with microscopic revolving lines ;
spire elevated, convex-conic, apex acute, transparent ; whorls 10,
the last one not shouldered; aperture very narrow, lip acute,
with 6 to 8 elongated laminz not quite reaching to the edge,

columella with a very prominent fold. Brown, with white re-
volving bands.

Length 11, diam. 5 mill.
Florida (from West Indies).

3. Tralia Floridana, Shuttleworth.
Plate 18, figure L1.

Obconic, inflated, thin, smooth; spire conic, apex acute; whorls
10, those of the spire radiately striate, body whorl obsoletely
angled above; aperture narrow, lip acute, with transverse lami-
ne within, columella with a strong fold, parietal wall with two
teeth. Gray, with chestnut bands.

Length 7:5, diam. 4°5 mill,
Florida Keys.

LEUCONIA.

1, Leuconia Sayi, Kiister.
Plate 18, figure 12.

Ovate, thin, translucent, striate; spire elevated conical, apex
[ 150 J

acute; whorls 6, flattened, the last moderately convex ; aperture
small, oblong, lip sharp, columella biplicate, with occasionally a
tooth on the parietal wall of old specimens. Corneous.

Length 5, diam. 3 mill.
This species is referred to the United States by Kiister, but is
unknown to American conchologists. Mr. Binney suggests that

the specimen described may have been a variety of Alexia my-
osotis.

PEDIPES.

1, Pedipes lirata, W. G. Binney.
Plate 18, figure 38.

Shell globosely-ccnical, solid, with regular spiral lines ; spire
short, with obtuse apex ; whorls 3, the upper ones small, the last
equalling 5—6 of the total length; aperture semicircular; pa-
rietal wall with a strong transverse lamina, columella with two
acute approximate teeth. White, or yellowish.

Length 3:3, diam. 2°5 mill.
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.

BLAUNERIA.

1, Blauneria pellucida, Pfeiffer.
Plate 18, figure 13.

Shell reversed, ovate-elongated, pellucid, highly polished ;
whorls 7, the spire acuminate; aperture narrowly ovate, lip
sharp, columella with a revolving fold.

Length 2:5, diam. ‘8 mill.
Florida, Found also in a garden in Washington, D. C., where

they are supposed to have been brought with plants from
Charleston, 8. C.
[151 J

Family CYCLOPHORIDZ.

Shell conical, elongate or depressed, varying greatly in the
convexity of the whorls, as well as in solidity. Furnished with
an operculum, the various methods of the accretion of which
afford good generic characters.

Animal furnished with two tentacles, which are contractile
but not retractile, with eyes at their external bases. Unisexual.

Remarks.—This family contains but one positively indigenous
representative in the United States, although very numerous in
species in the neighboring West Indian Islands. The presence
of the operculum distinguishes the shell, as the contractile, non-
retractile tentacles, with eyes at their external bases, do the
animal from all preceding families.

Genus CHUNDROPOMA.

1, Chondropoma dentatum, Say.
Plate 18, figures 14—16.

Conic, with 7 convex whorls, but generally truncate by the
loss of three whorls ; surface finely cancellated ; suture deep and
crenulated; aperture broadly ovate, a little angular above, lip
continuous, slightly reflected; umbilicus small. Yellowish or
brownish, with chestnut bands, sometimes interrupted so as to
form longitudinal squares or stripes.

Length 12, diam. 4 mill.
Key West, Florida.
One of the figures represents this species suspended by a mu-

cous thread, which it can spin at pleasure. It possesses this
faculty in common with the naked slugs.

Family HELICINIDA.

Shell solid, depressed or lenticular, the whorls flattened, peri-
phery frequently angulated ; mouth half rounded, lip thick,
generally reflected; umbilicus covered by a heavy deposit of
callus. Operculum heavy, its growth annular.
[ 152 ]

Animal large, narrow; head extensile ; tentacles narrow, with
eyes on tubercles at their external bases.

Remarks.—This family is also, like the last, of West Indian
extraction, where it flourishes greatly, the species being numer-
ous, well marked, in most cases very beautiful, and varying
greatly in size and ornamentation.

Genus HELICINA, Lamarck.

1. Helicina orbiculata, Say.
Plate 18; figures 17—19, 26.

Subglobose, not angulated ; spire conical, apex. acute; solid;
whorls 5, with well impressed suture; aperture large, semilunar,
lip reflected, and greatly thickened in old individuals. White
(bleached), yellow, brown or gray, with frequently a pale or
colored band on the periphery, and large or small, more or less
numerous lines or spots.

Height 6, diam. 9 mill.
Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Texas.

A large, white variety, with greatly thickened lip, known as
HT. tropica, Jan., occurs plentifully in Texas. (Fig. 26.)

2. Helicina occulta, Say.
Plate 18, figures 20, 21.

Small, subglobose, depressed-conical, striated, solid; whorls
5, nearly plane, angular at periphery ; aperture small, half round,
lip thick. Yellowish or brownish.

Height 5, diam. 6-5 mill.

Found fossil and bleached in the post-tertiary of the Western
States, Indiana, Ohio, Mississippi, ete. Mr. W. G. Binney
mentions having received an apparently recent specimen from
Shelboygan, Wis. Mr. Jacob Green, who described this same
species subsequently to Mr. Say, gives as a locality “ Hills,
Western Pennsylvania.’’ His specimens were undoubtedly re-
eent. To this I have to add that at Lexington, Virginia, the
species now exists numerously. ,
[ 153 J

3. Helicina Hanleyana, Pfeiffer.
Plate 18, figures 22, 23.

Subglobose, rather solid, with somewhat distant concentric im-
pressed lines; spire convexly conic, suture impressed ; whorls
5, convex, the last well rounded; aperture semi-circular, lip a
little expanded, thickened within. Reddish-brown, shining.

Height 5:6, diam. 7-5 mill.

Near New Orleans.

4. Helicina chrysocheila, Binney.
Plate 18, figure 24,

Elevated conical, or pyramidal, thin, shining, surface very
finely punctured; whorls 5, convex, indistinctly angular at
periphery, and the base somewhat flattened ; aperture large, sub-
oval, lip reflected. Flesh color or yellowish, interior of shell,
lip and callus polished, deep golden color.

Height 8°3, diant. 10 mill.

Texas and Mexico.

5. Helicina subglobulosa, Poey.
Plate 18, figure 25.

Globosely conical, solid, lightly striate; whorls six, the last
subangulate, base convex ; aperture broadly semioval, lip wide,
white, unicolor, or with two red bands, a broad one at the suture
and a narrower one at the periphery.

Height 7, diam. 10 mill.

Florida, (from Cuba) at Key Biscayne; it is not known whether
it was accidentally introduced, or is a permanent resident.

Family TRUNCATELLID &.

Shell, cylindrical or pupoid, with small oval aperture and thin
spiral operculum. Whorls transversely ribbed.

Animal with eyes at the rear of the base of the two contractile

tentacles. Unisexual.
21
[ 154]

Remarks. Mr. W. G. Binney, in his Supplement to Terres-
trial Mollusks remarks that extensive suites of the various Florida
species of Truncatella show connecting links, which renders
their separation exceedingly doubtful. I agree with him en-
tirely, but as he has deferred to the opinions of Messrs. Pfeiffer

and Poey, I do so likewise. The species of Zruncatella all in-
habit the vicinity of the sea.

1, Truncatella Caribzensis, Sowerby.
Plate 18, figures 27, 28.

Subcylindrical, rimate, solid, truncate; three or four whorls
remaining, longitudinally ribbed, ribs slightly curved, sometimes
becoming evanescent on the middle of the whorls, the last whorl
sometimes smooth, carinate at the base ; aperture obliquely ovate,
peristome continuous, not reflected. Orange or red.

Length 7-8, diam. 3 mill.
Florida Keys.

2. Truncatella subcylindrica, Gray.
Plate 18, figures 29, 30, 31.

Subcylindrical, thin, pellucid, rimate, ribbed, ribs crowded,
but sometimes evanescent, or visible near the suture only ; whorls
4 remaining, somewhat convex but flattened in the middle, the
last one somewhat carinated at base ; aperture oblique, widely
ovate, lip slightly thickened, its columella portion a little reflect-
ed. Light horn color.

Length 5, diam. 2 mill.

Florida Keys.

 

3. Truncatella bilabiata, Pfeiffer.
Plate 18, figures 32, 33.

Cylindrical, rimate, solid, opaque; ribs curved, elevated, ob-
tuse; whorls remaining 4} to 5, convex, the last scarcely larger
than the others; aperture vertical, broadly oval, scarcely angu-
lated above; peristome double, the inner one continuous, the
outer one heavy, white, terminating in a heavy basal carina.
Brown.

Height 5-5, diam. 1:8 mill.

TMA. 1. TZ n+en
[ 155 J

4. Truncatella pulchella, Pfeiffer.
Plate 18, figures 34, 35, 36.

Cylindrical, rimate, thin, pellucid,with thread-like, low, distant
ribs, frequently evanescent ; whorls 4-43, gradually increasing
in size; the last generally smooth below the middle, base com-
pressly carinate; aperture subvertical, ovate, lip simple, but
somewhat expanded. Yellowish or reddish horn color.

Length 4:5—5, diam. 1-5-2 mill.

Florida.

5. Truncatella Californica, Pfeiffer.
Plate 18, figure 37,

Cylindrical, imperforate, thin, translucent, slightly striate ;
six to ten whorls, quite convex, the last one not carinate below ;
aperture vertical suboval, lip simple, continuous, slightly expan-
ded. Amber color.

Length 4:6, diam. 1:6 mill.
San Diego, California.
| 157 ]

List oF THE PRINCIPAL AMERICAN WoRKS RELATING TO
TERRESTRIAL MoLuusca.

American Journal of Secences and Arts. Published bi-monthly
at New Haven, Conn., since the year 1817.
Contains papers by Conrad, H. C. Lea, Gould, ete.

Boston Journal of Natural History. Published by the Boston
Natural History Society, since 1837.

Contains Binney’s Monograph of Helices with illustrations.
Vols. ito iv. This paper was afterwards expanded into the
“Terrestrial Mollusks.”” Also papers by Anthony, W. G. Bin-
ney, Gould.

Annals of the Lycewm of Natural History. New York.

_The most important paper is “ Remarks on certain Species of
North American Helicide, with Descriptions of New Species.”’
By Thomas Bland. Vols. 6 and 7. Also published separately
with the same title. Also papers by John H. Redfield, etc.

Thompson's History of Vermont. 1842.
Contains a paper on the Land and Fresh-water Shells, by
Prof. C. B. Adams.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 1,
1848, and continued to present date; with papers in vols.
land 2, by Dr. Amos Binney, W. G. Binney, Gould, Leidy,
Morse, Stimpson.

The Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United States and
Adjacent Territories of North America. By Dr. Amos
Binney. Posthumous; edited by Dr. A. A. Gould. 2 vols.,
8vo, of text. Boston, 1851. 1 vol. colored plates. Bos-
ton, 1859.

A Supplement to the Terrestrial Mollusks of the United States.
By Wm. G. Binney. 8vo, with plates. Boston, 1859.
(Published also in Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. vii.)

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Published in 8vo, since 1842; containing important articles

by W. G. Binney, Lea, Leidy, J. S. Phillips, Tryon.
[ 158 ]

Check List of the Terrestrial Gasteropoda. By W. G. Binney.
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D. C., 1860. Pamphlet.

Natural History of New York. Published by authority of the
State. Part 5. Mollusca; by J. E. DeKay, M. D. 4to,
pp- 227. 40 colored plates. Albany, 1843.

Invertebrata of Massachusetts (Report on). By Dr. A. A. Gould.
8vo, pp. 878. 1841. (Published by the State.)

Mollusca of Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition. By Dr. A. A.
Gould. 4to. Boston, 1852. Atlas of colored plates, in
folio.

Lake Superior. By Prof. L. Agassiz. 8vo. Boston, 1850.
Contains descriptions of New Shells, by Dr. Gould.

Contributions of the Maclurian Lyceum. Philadelphia, 1827.
Contains Jacob Green’s description of Helix Pennsylvanica.

Doughty's Cabinet of Natural History. 4to. Philadelphia.
Contains Jacob Green’s description of Helicina rubella.

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New series.
Philadelphia.
Contains the many valuable descriptions by Dr. Isaac Lea.
Published also in 4to volumes, separately, with the title “* Odser-
tions of the Genus Unio,”’ etc.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
1st series, in 8vo. From 1817 to 1842.
This Journal has the valuable papers of Thomas Say.

2d series, in 4to, to present date. With descriptions of sev-
eral species by Dr. Lea.

Portland Journal of Natural History. 8vo, vol. 1. Portland,
Maine.

Contains Prof. E. 8. Morse’s valuable paper on the Land and

Fresh-water Mollusca of the State. Also published separately.

Nicholson’s Encyclopedia. Three American editions—1816,
1818, 1819.
The article ‘‘ Conchology,’’ by Thomas Say, with descriptions
of new species.

New Harmony Disseminator. New Harmony, Indiana (Weekly
Newspaper). Descriptions by Thomas Say in 1829, 1830,
1831. Reprinted in pamphlet form with the title ‘ Descrip-
tions of some New Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells of North
America.’”’ New Harmony, 1840.
[ 159}

American Conchology, or Descriptions of the Shells of North
America. By Thomas Say. Illustrated by colored figures.
8vo. New Harmony, Ind., 1830 to 1884.

Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Conchology of the
United States. Edited by W. G. Binney. 8vo. New
York, 1848.

Descriptions of the Terrestrial Shells of North America, by Thos.

Say. Edited by W. G. Binney. Pamphlet. Philadelphia,
1856.

Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences.
Contains descriptions by Newcomb, Rowell, Dall, Cooper, ete.

American Journal of Conchology. Edited by Geo. W. Tryon,
Jr. Philadelphia, 1865-6-7. With papers by Bland,
Anthony, Gabb, Binney, Newcomb, Tryon, ete.

Land and Fresh-water Shells of the United States. By W. G.
Binney. Part 8. (Limnophila and Operculata.) | Pub-
lished by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
8vo. 1866.
[ xxxv. ]

ACICULA.

Fig. 13. A. actcuLa, Miller. Hist. Verm. ii. p. 150.
Reeve, Conch. Icon. t. 20, f. 111.
Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. iv. p. 180, t. 128,
f. 4. No.

ZUA.

‘14, Z. SupcyLInDRACEA, Chemnitz. Conch. Cab.
ix. p. 167, t. 135, f. 1235.
Achatina lubrica, Miiiler. Binney, Terr. Moll.
ii. p. 283, t. 52, f. 4 (1851).
Bulimus lubricotdes, Stimpson. Shells of New
England, p. 54. No.

RUMINA.

“© 15. R. pecotuata, Linnaeus. Syst Nat. p. 1247.
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii. p. 280, t. 50, f. 1 (1851).
Bulimus mutilatus, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.

ii. p. 873, No.

MELANIELLA.

“ 16. M. @ractuuima, Pfeiffer. Wiegman’s Archiv.
fur Naturgesch. i. p. 852 (1889).
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii. p. 298, t. 58, f. 3 (1851).
Achatina striato-costata, D’Orbigny. Moll. Cuba,
is Pe UG, td, f 21. No.

OPEAS

“17. O. suBuLa, Pfeiffer. Wiegman’s Archiv. fiir
Naturgesch. i. p. 852 (1839).
Binney, 1. ¢. p. 285, t. 53, f. 4 (1851).
Bulimus octonoides, D’Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, i.
pe LT, t. TL, f 23, 24. No.

MACROCERAMUS.

“ 20. M. Kiengut, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 40
(1846).
Reeve, Conch. Icon. Bulimus, t. 66, No. 463.
Pupa pontifica, Gould. Bost. Proc. iii. p. 40
~ (1848).
Cylindrella pontifica, Gould. Binney, |. ¢. ii. p.
306, t. 69, f. 1 (1851). No.
f{ xxxvi. ]

Fig. 18,19. M. Gossrr, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 137

66

6c

eo

6c

6s

(1845).

Reeve, Conch. Icon. Bulimus, t. 66, f. 462. No.

PUPADA.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO

PrateE 16.
ZOOGENITES.
. Z. HARPA, Say. Exped. St. Peters, ii. p. 256
(1824).
Bulimus harpa, Binney, 1. ¢. ii. p. 290, t. 52, f.
8 (1851).
Zoogenites harpa, Morse. Shells of Maine, p.
32 (1864).

Pupa costulata, Mighels, Bost. Proc. i. p. 187. No.

PUPILLA.

. P. papia, Adams. Bost. Jour. iii. p. 331, t. 18,

ft, 18,
Binney, |. c. il. p. 328, t. 70, f. 3 (1851).
= Pupa muscorum, Linn. teste Pfeiffer. Monog.

Helic. Viv. No.
. P. Hopprt, Méller. Index Moll. Groenl. p. 4

(1842),

W. G. Binney, |. c. iv. p. 147, t. 78, f. 20, 1859. No.
. P. Buanpi, Morse. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
viii. p. 211 (1865). No.
. P. varrozosa, Gould. Proce. Bost. Soc. ili. p. 40

(1848).

Binney, 1. ¢. ii. p. 881. t. 72, f. 2 (1851). No.
. P. penropon, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii. p

376.
Binney, l. c. ii. p. 828, t. 72, f. 1 (1851).
Pupa curvidens, Gould. Invert. Mass. p. 189.

Pupa Tappaniana, Adams. Moll. Vermont. No.

Bs

an
[ xxxvil. ]

Fig. 7. P. pecora, Gould. Bost. Proc. ii. p. 263 (1847).

Binney, l. ¢. ii. p, 827, t. 71, f. 3 (1851).

“ 8. P. Rowetir, Newcomb. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
vil. p. 146.
Bland, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 166 (1865).

“9, P. Catrrornica, Rowell. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.
vil. p. 287.
Bland, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 166 (1865).

LEUCOCHILA.

“11. L. mareinara, Say.

Cyclostoma marginata, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. ii. p. 72.

Bulimus marginatus (pars), W. G. Binney, 1. ¢.
iv. p. 136 (1859).

Bulimus fallax, Gould (pars). Binney, 1. ¢. ii.
p. 288 (1851).

Pupa albilabris, Adams. Moll. Vermont.

Bulimus marginatus, Say. Tryon, Am. Jour.
Conch. i. p. 286 (1865),

“10. L. FatLax, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v.

(1825).

Bul. marginatus (pars), W. G. Binney, |. ¢. iv. p.
136 (1859). ;

Pupa fallax, Gould (pars). Binney, 1. ¢. ii. p.
288 (1851).

Bulimus fallax, Say. Tryon, Am. Jour. Conch.
i. p. 286 (1865).
« 12, L. Arizongensis, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch. ii.
p. 331, t. 21, f. 6 (1866).
« _. LL, worpacgEa, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch. ii. p.
331, t. 21, f. T (1866).
“ 14, L. mopica, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. iii. p. 40
(1848).
Binney, 1. c. ii. p. 819, t. 52, f. 2 (1851).
“15, L. anMIFERA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii. p.
162.
Binney, 1. ¢. ii. p. 820, t. 70, f. 4 (1851).
“¢ 16. L. contracta, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. il.
p. 874.
Binney 1. ¢. ii. p. 824, t. 70, f. 2 (1851).
Pupa deltostoma, Charpentier. Chemnitz, Conch.
Cab. nov. edit. p. 181, t. 21, f. 17—19.

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

No. 5.

No. 6.

No. 7.
{ xxxviii. ]

Fig. 17. L. ruptcoua, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii. p.

6c

“b

“c

ce

163.

Binney, 1. c. ii. p. 341, t. 70, f. 1 (1851).

Pupa procera, Gould. Bost. Jour. iii. p. 401, t.
8, f. 12.

Pupa carinata, Gould. Cover of Bost. Jour. iv.
Part 1.

ee gibbosa, Chemnitz. Edit. 2, p. 123, t. 16,

f. 1

Pupa minuta, Say. Pfeiffer, Monog. Hel. il. p.

356 (1848). No. 8.
18. L. corticarta, Say (Odostomia). Nicholson’s
ae iv. te 4, f. 5.
Binney, |. ¢. ii. p. 339, t. 72, f. 4 (1851). No. 9.
26. L. pELLUCIDA, Pfeiffer. Symbole, i. p. 46.
Kiister, Chemnitz Conch. Cab. p. 89, t. Mi, f. 24,
25. No. 10.
STROPHIA.
19. S. Incana, Binney. Terr. Moll. iii. t. 68

(1851).
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iy. p. 141 (1859).

Pupa maritima (not of Pfeiffer). Gould in Terr.
Moll. 1. c. ii p. 816 (1851).

Pupa detrita, Shuttleworth. Bern. Mittheil. No.

VERTIGO.

20. V. Goutp1, Binney. Bost. Proc. i. p. 105
(1843).

Binney, Terr. Moll. ii. p. 332, t. 71, f. 2 (1851). No.

21. V. mitium, Gould. Bost. Jour. iii. p. 402, t. 3,
f. 23.

Binney, |. c. ii. p. 387, t. T1, f. 1 (1851). No.

22. V. ovata, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. ii. p.
375.
Binney, |. ¢. ii. p. 884, t. 71, f. 4 (1851).

modesta, Say.

Pupa ovulum, Pfeiffer (olim). Symbole, i. p. 46. No.

23. V. SIMPLEX, Gould. Bost. Jour. iii. p. 408, t.
3, f. 21.

Binney, l. c. ii, p. 348, t. 72, £. 3 (1851). No.

a
[ xxxix. ]

Fig. 24. V. conpuLenta, Morse. Ann. N. Y. Lye. viii.
p- 210 (1865).

“ 25. V. Bontestana, Morse. Ann. N. Y. Lye. viii.
p. 209 (1865).

‘*« 26. V. venrricosa, Morse. Ann. N. Y. Lye. viii.
p. 207 (1865).

GONGYLOSTOMA.

“ 27. G. Poryana, D’Orbigny. Moll. Cuba, i. p. 185,
t. 12, f. 24—26.
Cylindrella lactaria, Gould. Binney, 1. ¢. iii. t.
69, f. 2.
C. lactaria of text in Binney, il. p. 309 = varie-
gata, Pfeiffer.

“28. G. sEJUNA, Gould. Bost. Proc. iii. p. 41 (1848).
Binney, |. ¢. ii. p. 310, t. 69, f. 3 (1851.

“« 29. G. CoaHUILENsIS, W. G. Binney. Am. Jour.
Conch. i. p. 50. t. 7, f. 4, 5 (1865.)

HOLOSPIRA.

—— H. Rorment, Pfeiffer. Monog. Hel. Viv. ii. p.
383.

“ 30. H. rrREGULARIS, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch iii.
p- 238, t. 16, f. 4 (1857).
W. G. Binney, le. iv. p. 150 (1859).

“ 31. H. Gotprusst, Menke. Zeit. fiir Malak. p. 2
(1847).
W. G. Binney, l.¢ iv. p. 151, t. 79, f. 83 (1859).

« 32. H. Remonpt, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch. i. (1865).

“« 33. H. NewcomBIANA, Gabb. Am. Jour. Conch.
Hi. p, 237, t. 16, f. 3 (1867),

“ 34. H. Preimprer, Menke. Zeitsch fiir Malakologie,
p. 1 (1847).

wo
[ xl. ]

SNAILS.

Synonymy AND REFERENCE TO
Puate 16.

Fig. 1. Limax Cotumzranus, Gould. Binney, 1. ¢. ii.
. 43, t. 66, f. 1 (1852).
Mollusca, Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. p. 3, f. 1, a, b, ¢

No. 5.

(1852).

“« 2, Limax Maximus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, i. 652
(1758). No. 2.

DeKay, Moll. New

“3. Limax FLAVuS, Linneeus.
York, p. 21, t. 1, f. 5 (1843).
Limax variegatus, Draparnaud, Binney, 1. ¢. ii.
p. 34, t. 65, f. 1 (1852). No. 1.

SNAILS.

SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO
PLATE 17.

Fig. 1. Arron FoLtoLatus, Gould. Binney, |. ¢. ii. p.
30, t. 66, f. 2 (1852).
Mollusca of Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. p. 2, f. 2, a, b
(1882). No.

te

“¢ 2—5,. VERONICELLA FLoRIDANA, Binney. Terr.
Moll. ii. p. 17, t. 67 (1852). No. 1.
“¢ 6, TEBENNOPHORUS CAROLINENSIS, Bosc. p: 80
(1830).

Binney, l. ¢. ii. p. 20, t. 63, f. 1, 2 (1852).
Limax togata, Gould. Invert. Mass. p. 3 (1841). No. 1.
j xli. J

Fig. 7, 8. Tepennopuorus porsaLis, Binney. Lima-
cide, p. 14, Bost. Jour. iv. p. 174 (1842).
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii. p. 24, t. 53, f. 3 (1852). No. 2.

“9,10. ARton Fuscus, Miiller.

A. hortensis, Ferussac. Binney, 1}. ¢. ii. p. 27,
t, 04, f..L, f 65, f. 2 (1862). No. 1.

“© 11, 12, 13. Limax campestris, Binney. Limacide,
p- 9 (1842).
Boston Journal, iv. p. 169 (1842).
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii. p. 41, t. 64, f, 3 (1852). No. 4.

“14,15, 16. Limax agrestis, Miiller. Frist. Verm.
Part 2, p. 8.
Binney, l. ¢. ii. p. 36, t. 64, f. 2 (1852). No. 3.

OPERCULATA.

SyNoNYMY AND REFERENCE TO
Pirate 18.

Figs. 1,2. ALexia myosotis, Draparnaud.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv., p. 172, t. 75 f. 383,
t. 79, f. 16, 1859,
Auricula denticulata, Gould, Invert. Mass,
p. 199, t. 129, 1841.
Melampus borealis, Conrad, Am. Jour. Sci-
ence, xxiii, p. 345, 1833. No. 1.

“ 3. CARYCHIUM EXIGuUUM, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sciences. ii., p. 8375, 1822.
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii., p. 286, t. 58, f. 1,

1842.

C. exile, H. C. Lea, Am. Jour. Science, xlii.
p. 109, t. 1, f. 5, 1841.

C. existelium, Bourguignat, Mag. Zool. p. 220,
1857.

C. eupheum, Bourguignat, Mag. Zool. p. 221,
1857. No. 1.

MELAMPUS, Montfort.

« 4, M. otivaceus, Carpenter. Cat. Reigen Coll.
p. 178, 1857. No. 1.
{ sli.)

Fig. 5. M. srpentatus, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se.,
ii., p. 245, July, 1822.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., iv., p. 156, t. 75, f. 23,
1859.
M. corneus, Stimpson, Shells of New Eng-
land, p. 51, 1851.
Auricula cornea, Deshayes, Encyc. Meth., ii.,
p. 90, 1830.
Auricula biplicata, Deshayes, Encyc. Meth.,
ii., p. 91, 1830.
Auricula jaumei, Mittre, Rev. Zool. p. 66,
1841. No. 2.

“« 6. M. FLavus, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3436,
1788.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., iv., p. 166, 1859.
Bulimus monile; Bruguiere, Encyc. Meth. i., p.
388, 1792. No. 3.

“7, 8. M. corrga, Linn. Syst. Nat. xii., edit. p.
1187.
W. G. Binney, |. ¢., iv., p. 162, t. 75, f. 21,
25, 1859.
Voluta minuta, (part) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., p.
3436, 1788.
Ellobium Barbadense, Bolten, Museum.
Bulimus coniformis, Bruguiere, Encyc. Meth.
i, p. 889, 1792.
Auricula ovula, D’Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, i., p.
187, t. 18, f. 47, 1853. No. 4.

TRALIA, Gray.
«“ 9, T. pusILLa, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., p. 3486,

1788.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., iv., p. 168, t. 75, f. 29,
1859.
Voluta triplicata, Donovan, Brit. Shells, v.,
t. 188, 1808.
Auricula nitens, Lamarck, Anim. Sans Vert,
vi., p. 141. No. 1.

* 10. T. crnauxata, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv.
fiir natiir, i., p. 251, 1840.
W. G. Binney, |. c., iv., p. 161, t. 75, f. 12,
18, 1859,
Fig.

46

66

4

ce

[ xliii. ]

Auricula oliva, D'Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, i., p.
189, t. 12, f. 8—10. No. 2.

11. T. Fiormpana, Shuttleworth. Pfeiffer. Ma-
lak. Blatt, 1854.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., iv., p. 165, t. 75, f. 30,
1859. No. 3.

LEUCONIA, Gray.

12. L. Savi, Kiister. Conchylien Cabinet, Auri-
cula, p. 42, t. 6, f. 14,15, 1844.
W. G. Binney, li tg Ivy po ITT, & TH, £34.
1859, No. 1.

PEDIPES, Adanson.
38. P. trrata, W. G. Binney, Proc. Acad. N. 8. No. 1.

LAUNERIA, Shuttleworth.

13. B. pELLucIDA, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv
fiir Naturg., i., p. 252, 1840.
Binney, Terr. Moll. ii, p. 294, t. 53, f. 2,
1852.
Tornatellina Cubensis, Pfeiffer, Symbolee, ii.,
p. 180, 1842. No. 1.

CHONDROPOMA, Pfeiffer.

14—16. CHONDROPOMA DENTATUM, Say. Jour.
Acad Nat. Sciences, v, p. 128, 1825.
Binney, l. ¢. ii, p. 348, t. 62, 1852.
W. G. Binney, |. c. iv, p. 191, t. 75, f. 24,
1859. No. 1.

HELICINA, Lamarck.

17—19, 26. H. onpicunata, Say. Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. i, p. 283, 1818.
Binney, 1. ¢. ii, p. 852, t. 72, T4, f. 8, 1852.
H. tropica, Jan. Chemnitz. Edit. 2, p. 3%, t.
4, f. 9, 10, 1846-9.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv, p. 194, t. 78, middle
figure, lower line.
H. ambeliana, Sowerby. Thes. Conch. t. 1,
f. 19, 1842. No. 1.
{ xliv. ]

Figs. 20,21. H. occunra, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat.

“cc

ce

“ee

6c

ce

6¢

Sci. i, p. 182, 1818.
Binney, 1. c. ii, p 356, t. 74, f. 1, 2, 1852.
HI. rubella, Green. Doughty’s Cabinet of Nat.
Hist. ii, .p. 291, 1832.

22, 23. H. Hanunyana, Pfeiffer. Proc Zool.
Soc. p. 122, 1848. ,
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv, t. 75, f. 14, 16, 1859.

24. H. curysocHeILa, Binney. 1. ¢. ii, p. 354,
t. 74, f. 4, 1852.

25. H. suBeLoBuLosa, Poey. Memorias, 1, p.
115, 120, t. 12, f. 17—21.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv, p. 195, t. 75, f. 17,
1859. .

TRUNCATELLA.

27, 28. T. CariBmeEnsis, Sowerby. Reeve’s
Conch. Syst. ii, t. 182, f. 7.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv, p. 185, t. 75, f. 2, 4,
1859.
T. succinea, C. B. Adams. Bost. Proc. 12,
1845.

29—31. T. supcytinprica, Pulteney. Dorset.
Cat. p. 49, 1799.
W. G. Binncy, 1. ¢. iv, p. 186, t. 75, f. 5, 6,
8, 1859.

T. Caribeensis, Pfeiffer. Zeitschr. fir Malak.
p- 182, 1846 (ex parte.)

32, 33. T. BrLaBraTa, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s
Archiv fiir Naturg. i, p. 258, 1840.
W. G. Binney, 1. c. iv, p. 188, t. 75, f. 3, 7,
1859. ©

34—36. T. PULCHELLA, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s
Archiv fiir Naturg. i, p. 856, 1839.
W. G. Binney, 1. ¢. iv, p. 189, t. 64, f. 1, 9
19, 1859.

37. T. Cauirornica, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc.
p- 111, 1857.
W. G, Bumey, |. ¢.i1v, p. 28, t. 79, 4 20,
22, 1859.

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