CORNELL i LAB of ORNITHOLOGY LIBRARY at Sapsucker Woods = Illustration of Bank Swallow by Louis Agassiz Fuertes ‘ornell University Library TM DATE DUE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA -No. 22 /, [Actual date of publication, October, 31, 1902] A BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION BY . EDWARD A. PREBLE | ASSISTANT BIOLOGIST, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY it . Prepared under the direction of Dr. C. HART MERRIAM CHIEF OF DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Ines WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 CONTENTS OF NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. ut No. 1. Revision of the North American Pocket Mice. By ‘Dr. 6. Hart Mest.’ ~ Pp. 36, pls. 4. October 25, 1889...2.. 2.022. - eee eee eee Price, 10 cents.’ No. 2. Descriptions of fourteen new species (genera Onychomys, Arctomys, Lagomys, Spermophilus, Tamias, Nyctinomus, and Arvicolu) and one new genus (Phe-. en) of North American Mammals. By Dr. C. Hart Merriam.- Pp.. 52, pls. 8, figs. 7. October 30, 1889 -....-.----L--2--2-: Price, 10 cents. No. 38. Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain Region and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona... By Dr. C. Hart Merriam. [List of Reptiles and Batrachians, by Dr.. Leonhard Stejneger.] Pp. 136, pls. 14 : (2, colored), maps 5 (colored), figs. 2. September 11, 1890. Price, 25 cents. No. 4. Descriptions of twenty-six new species of North “American Mammals. [Revision of Spilugale and descriptions of new’ es in. nine other © genera.] By Dr. C, Mart Merriam. Pp. m, pls. 3, figs. 3. October 8, MBOO schoo cig cass cave tc esjarta ye dabsrar dias tS Sed eine layehaye cia teenie Price, 10 cents. ° No. 5. Results of a Biological Reconnoissance of acnith cael ‘Tdaho. By Dr. C. : Hart Merriam. [List of Reptiles and Batrachians, by Dr. Leonhard Stejne- ger.]} Pp. 132, pls. 4 (1 oe figs. 4, July 30, ‘1891... fra IF cents. No. 6. (Not published. ) No. 7%. The Death Valley Expedition: A Biological Survey of pare of California,” Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. » Part If. [Reports on Birds, by Dr. A. K. Fisher; Reptiles and Batrachians, by Dr. Leorihard -Stejneger; “Fishes, by Chas. H. Gilbert, Ph. D.; Insects, by C. V. Riley, Ph. D.; Mollusks, by. R. E. C. Stearns, Ph. D.; Desert. Trees and. Shrubs, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam; Desert Cactuses and Yuecas, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam; List of coe Localities, by T. 8. ‘Palmer. ] Pp. 402, pls. 14, maps 5 (colored), figs. 2. bey WA esse cc do Cele ae eye cs ~~ (Out of print.) No. 8. Monographic Revision of, the Pocket Gophers, Family Gromyida (exclusive of the species of Thomoimys). By Dr. C. Hart Merriam. Pp. 258, pls. 20, maps 4 (colored), figs. 71. J ey 31, 1800 gens eee neeed Price, % cents. No. 9. (Not published.) ; # i ‘ss No. 10. Revision of the American Shrews at the Genera. Sorex, : - Notiosorez, - and” : Blarina. By Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Gerrit 8..] Miller, Jr. Pp. 124 iis. * , 12, figs. 3. ‘December Bi, LEON ican ia nam atadomarsie od Gace Price, 10 cents. No. 11. Synopsis of the Weasels of North America. By Dr. C. Hart Merriam. Pp. 44, pls. 6, figs. 16. June 30, 1896...-.22 222.2222 eee - Price, 10 cents, No. 12. Genera and Subgenera of Voles and Lemmings. By Gerrit) ‘Ss. Miller, Jr. Pp. 84, pls. 3, figs. 40. July 23, 1896. ..-.2---.----- 222+: Price, 10 cents, No. 13. Revision of the North American Bats of the Family Vespertilionide. By Ger- tit. Miller, Jr. Pp. 135, pls. 3, figs. 40. October 16, 1897. Price, 10. cents. No. 14. Natural History of the Tres Marias Islands, México. By E. W. Nelson and. ‘others.. Pp. 97, map 1, figs.2. April 29,1899........--.- Price, 10 cents.’ No. 15. Revision of the yi umping Mice of the (senus Fagus By Edward A. Preble. .Pp. 41, pl. 1, figs. 4. . August 8, 1899...... 222. 22.0..-----. Price, 5 cents: \ No. 16. Results of a Biological Survey of Mount Shasta, Clttonnta, By Dr. C. Hart- Merriam. Pp. 179, pls. 5, figs. 46. October 28, 1899... - Price, 20 cents. No. 17. Revision of American Voles of the Gomis Masratieg, By Vernon Bailey. : Pp. 88, pls..5, figs. 17. June 6, 19002. .....2-22.--22--- . Price, 10 cents. No. 18. Revision of the Pocket Mice of’ the, Cas Perognathus. By Wilfred H. Osgood. ty 65, pls..4, figs. 15. September 20, 1900. .-.. Price, ‘10 cents. oe No..19. Results of a iological Reconnpissance of the Yukon Riv “3 Region. By Wilfred H. Uagoor and Louis B. Bishop. . Pp. 100, pls. 7, October 6, (010) ence er re ee Price, 10 cents. No. 20. Revision of the Skunks of the Genus Chincha. By Arthar H. Howell. Pp. 62, pls. 8. August, SEE 1001 cece coe aa dtaaceeca ts +++ Price, 10 cents. No. 21. Natural Histor y of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British. Columbia; Natural f History of the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska. By Wilfred H. Osgood. Pp. 87, pls. 7, fig. 1. ‘September 26, 1901....... eceeawekees Price, 10° cents. an applications for Nos. 1-5, 8, and 10-21 should be addressed to the Superintendent of Documents, Union Building, Washington, D. C:; Remittances should be made by postal money order or express money order, not by peemee stamps or private check. =: 5 North American Fauna, No. 22. : : PLATE I, — —— "II 16 4 2 io 108 ; : io 72 70 68 66 veys ew ee ea LOY Dy , Scale of Miles. J/g G(. Ji K@ fas ZG Cant , 2s 75 100125150 KEEWATIN. The route followed by this expedition is shown by a dotted line. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA No. 22 [Actual date of publication, October 31, 1902] A BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION BY EDWARD A. PREBLE ASSISTANT BIOLOGIST, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared under the direction of Dr. C. HART MERRIAM CHIEF OF DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Ne Thy << Uy WI RUSSSS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 Laboratory of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker, Wands, pu Cornell University ithaca, New York YAGEH LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. UniTep States DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Washington, D. C., August 18, 1902. Str: I have the honor to transmit for publication, as North American Fauna No. 22, a paper on the natural history of the Hudson Bay region, by my assistant, Edward A. Preble. C. Harr Merriam, Chief, Biological Survey. Hon. James WI1son, Secretary of Agriculture. PREFATORY NOTE. A century or more ago the employees of the Hudson’s Bay Com- pany sent collections of birds and mammals from Hudson Bay to London. Some of these specimens came from the shores of Hudson Bay, others from trading posts in the distant interior; but many were not labeled to show where they were obtained. They were examined by the naturalists of the time and a number of species were described and named as new. In most cases the original specimens have dis- appeared and modern naturalists have been greatly perplexed in attempting to ascertain just what the species really were. No mod- ern museum possessed anything approaching a representative collec- tion of the mammals and birds of Hudson Bay, and specimens for comparison with related forms from other parts of Boreal America were not to be had. The resulting embarrassment was most keenly felt when the Biological Survey secured large collections from Alaska. In many instances it was impossible to tell whether certain Alaska species were identical with or distant from related forms previously described from Hudson Bay. In order to obtain the long-needed material it was, determined to send an expedition to Hudson Bay. Edward A. Preble was placed in charge of this expedition; his report shows how well and faithfully his duties were performed. His suc- cessful trip, in an open boat, in inclement fall weather, from Fort Churchill tothe Barren Grounds near Cape Eskimo, in search of topo- types of the Hudson Bay ground squirrel (often known as Parry’s marmot) deserves special commendation. I take pleasure also in referring to the uniform courtesies and facil- ities extended by the officers and employees of the Hudson’s Bay Company, particularly by Mr. C. C. Chipman, commissioner of the company, at Winnipeg. on = C. H. M. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction and itinerary ........-..... 2220-202 e eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 9 General account of the region traversed_.........-2.---2----0----22-222-220-- 11 late. zones or the-vepi ons 3. wate oY ons ys wate wae eee ees ues aie'ss 22 Previous: Work exe2cexeus +osesanctedgdeds ses eee bay Steenis cae eeece eee seed 23 Biblioe raph ye ois os acc sera, t Gacesoundsiadistays SSS ae keen keine OSES PES 27 Note on boundaries of the region treated....--......-2---2--------+--------- 38 INEGI BDECIOS Aas A5 228.18 Shane eG tees S atte hee Sl cee MARA Su A CBee gs 38 Annotated list of mammals...........-22-2-2--22002 202 eee eee eee eee eee eee 39 Annotated, list of bind Sco ssc.cc os een deen Sok Ease ea eee ESS 75 Annotated list.of batrachians. 22.22.6222 222 secs pudesdedeeecweeeee sees 133 3 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Puate I. Map of Keewatin ..-.-.. 22.22.2022 22-0222 e eee eee ee eee Frontispiece. II. Fig. 1. General view of Norway House.—Fig. 2. Shore of channel near Norway TOuUse coc. feck ons 52450 darmaceanaruusdenaeaed dice 10 III. Fig. 1. Spruce thicket near Norway House.—Fig. 2. Aspen thicket Near NOLWay HOUSE caccasadedecl ce aaasoseneeereaeeeeee ees 10 IV. Fig. 1. Rocky shore near Norway House, showing store of fur- trader.—Fig. 2. Sea River Falls (looking down)...-...--.---.--- 12 V. Fig. 1. Oxford House (photographed by William Campbell).—Fig. 2. Indian Camp, Oxford House ......--..------------------ eee 12 VI. Fig. 1. Rapid below Windy Lake.—Fig. 2. Canoe entering rapid, TROUT VOR 3.528 cic a semccelssee foes cage ecepanseteaaquasens 14 VII. Fig. 1. Rapid, Trout River.— Fig. 2. Shore of Knee Lake near south ONG si ce tadandne des honnoecebeeenee sem antrenaantetemeeegecs 14: VIII. Fig. 1. White Mud Rapid, Hill River.—Fig. 2. Hill River near See- ing Portage; Brassy Hill in distance...--.......-----.---------- 16 IX. Fig. 1. Left bank of Hill River from Rock Portage.—Fig. 2. Clay banks; lower: Hill Rivers ..i3ccees see ie oes a eed eeten ketene 16 X. Fig. 1. Fort Churchill.—Fig. 2. Meadows, looking southwest from Fort Churchill. —Fig. 3. Seal (Hrignathus barbatus), Fort Churchill. 18 XI. Fig. 1. Ledge of quartzite at Fort Churchill.—Fig. 2. Low tide at Fort-Churchill wo:cecsinmaictweatnaige s She atet Mo osnteueeseace 18 XII. Fig. 1. Camp on Barren Grounds, 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo.— Fig. 2. Burrow of lemming (Lemmus trimucronatus), Barren Groun d8ices dewey pe ee deeere sea eed eistals)ia.ouicle stetaetallozeeeuew bs 20 XIII. Fig. 1. Camp on Barren Grounds, 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo.— Fig. 2. Eskimo guide at northern camp .......-.---.------------ 20 XIV. Fig. 1. Dragging canoe up rapid, Trout River.—Fig. 2. Hell Gate Gorge (looking up) .....-.-------------- 2-22 e eee ee eee ee eee eee ee 22 No, 22, NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. October, 1902, A BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION. By Epwarp A. PREBLE. INTRODUCTION AND ITINERARY. In 1610 Henry Hudson, while searching for a northwest passage, entered and partially explored the great inland sea that bears his name. In 1670 the Hudson’s Bay Company was organized to trade for furs with the natives of the great unexploited territory adjacent to the Bay. This company first established several trading posts at the mouths of the rivers tributary to the Bay and then gradually extended its field of operations inland. By this means the southern and western shores of Hudson Bay and the principal rivers emptying into it on the west had become fairly well known at a time when immense areas in North America, apparently more favorably located and more accessible, were still unexplored. As a natural result the birds and mammals of this semiarctic region were early brought to the attention of naturalists, and many species whose ranges extend over avery large area were first described from specimens sent to Europe from Hudson Bay. This was mainly due to the labors of the employees of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who, residing at trading posts and coming in contact for purposes of trade with practically all the natives of the region, were able to secure natural history speci- mens with comparative ease, especially the larger species. The many collections thus made were conveniently sent to England by the ships which paid annual visits to the posts. In this way a number of mam- mals and many birds, mainly littoral and pelagic species, first hecamne known to science. As time went on, however, less attention was given to the fauna of this region, while most other parts of North America were ransacked for natural history material. so that the close of the nineteenth century found Hudson Bay one of the most neglected fields of modern zoological research. Some species, orig- inally described from poor specimens, and in the loose and inaccurate style of a hundred years ago, were known by these descriptions alone, while others were represented in museums only by poorly 9 10 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, stuffed and faded specimens, entirely inadequate to meet the require- ments of modern scientific methods. This lack of material, in con- nection with the absence of definite knowledge as to the boundaries of the life zones, made it desirable that a collection, as thorough as possible, be made in the region. Early in the summer of 1900, therefore, I was detailed to make a biological reconnaissance of as much of the region immediately to the west of Hudson Bay as it would be practicable to cover in a single season. My brother, Alfred E. Preble, of Tufts College, Massachu- setts, accompanied me as assistant. The Hudson's Bay Company still maintains trading posts through- out the region we were to visit, and the officials of the company com- pose almost its entire white population. These posts are situated on the usual lines of travel, and constitute the only bases of supplies available; hence it was considered advisable to arrange with the com- pany for food and means of transportation. This we did on our arrival at Winnipeg on June 13, and obtaining a canoe from the company, set out the next day down the Red River. The following morning we took the Northwest Navigation Company’s steamer Princess at West Selkirk, and on June 17 arrived at Norway House, near the north end of Lake Winnipeg, where we were to begin operations. Here we collected until June 23, when our northern trip was resumed. We took two Indians for guides, boatmen, and camp hands, and a large Peterborough canoe, in which our collecting and. camp outfit and provisions were carried. We passed down the east channel of Nelson River, and ascending the Echimamish, followed the usual boat route to York Factory, stop- ping to collect at favorable points. At the head of the Echimamish proper, which terminates abruptly at a rock about 30 yards broad called the Painted Stone, we made a portage and launched our canoe ina small lake. Zoological appendix by Joseph Sabine. 1 vol., 4to, pp. i-xv, 1-783. London. A few species from York Factory mentioned in the appendix. The narra- tive contains a few references to the natural history of Keewatin. 1824, Lyon, G. F. The Private Journal of Captain G. F. Lyon, of H. M. 8S. Heela, during the recent Voyage of Discovery under Captain Parry. [Parry’s Second Voyage.] 12mo. London. Contains numerous notes on natural history, relating especially to the vicinity of Winter Island and Igloolik, Melville Peninsula. “18242, Macainuivray, Wituiam. Description, Characters, and Synonyms of the Dif- ferent Species of the Genus Larus, with critical and explanatory Remarks. Vertebrata, by Edward Sabine. Collections and observations made mainly about Melville Island. Lyon, G.F. >Zoological Appendix. Account of the Quadrupeds and Birds, by John Richardson. Refers mainly to natural history of Melville Peninsula, particularly Winter Island and Igloolik. Parry, Wiiu1amM Epwarp, and Ross, James Cuark. Journal of a Third Voy- age for the discovery of a North-west passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, performed in the years 1824-25, by William Edward Parry. 1 vol., 4to, pp. i-xxviii, 1-186, 1-151. London. Appendix, Zoology. By Lieut. James Clark Ross. The zoological appendix refers mainly to the natural history of Port Bowen, where the expedition wintered, and other points about Prince Regent Inlet. A few notes on natural history occur in the narrative. RicHarpson, Jonn. Short Characters of a few quadrupeds procured on Cap- tain Franklin’s late expedition. < Zool. Journ. III, No. 12, pp. 516-520, Jan. to Apr., 1828. Original description of Sorex palustris, ‘Hab. Marshy places, from Hud- son’s Bay to the Rocky Mts.’’ Cricetus talpoides described from Hudson Bay (specimen probably from Manitoba or Saskatchewan). Doveuas, Davip. Observations on some Species of the Genera Tetrao and Ortyx, natives of North America; with Descriptions of Four new Species of of the former and Two of the latter Genus. Report on mammals and birds by J. C. Ross, pp. vii-xlv. A systematic account of the collections and observations made on Ross’s second voyage. 1836. Back, GrorGE; and RicHarpson, Joun. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expe- dition to the mouth of the great Fish River, and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in the years 1833, 1834, and 1835; by Captain Back, R. N., Commander of the Expedition. 1 vol., 8vo, pp. i-x, 1-663. .Jondon. Appendix No. 1. Zoological Remarks by John Richardson, pp. 477-518. In the narrative mention is made of the observation of a number of species within the present boundaries of Keewatin. The Zoological Appendix con- tains a nominal list of the mammals collected, and a list of the birds in which the localities of a few species are indicated, followed by a commentary “respecting those which are objects of chase to the Indian hunter, either for food or for the sake of their fur,’’ with ‘‘a few brief remarks on the speci- mens of the other species when they serve for the elucidation of doubtful points of their history.” 1836. Kine, RicnHarp. Narrative of a Journey to the shores of the Arctic Ocean in 1833, 1834, and 1835; under the command of Capt. Back, R. N. 2 vols. 12mo. Vol. I, pp. i-ix, 1-312. Vol. II, pp. i-viii, 1-821. London. Contains many notes on the natural history of the Great Fish River and on the route from the headwaters of that river to York Factory via the Slave, Athabasca, Clearwater, Churchill, Saskatchewan, Nelson, Echimamish, Hill, Steel, and Hayes rivers. 1837. RicHarpson, JoHN. Report on North American Zoology. Hall’s Second Arctic Expedition, Chapter VII, pp. 199-268. A concise account, prepared chiefly from official sources, of Hall’s expedi- tion in northern Keewatin and adjacent lands in 1864-1869, in search of rec- ords, relics, and other traces of Sir John Franklin’s last expedition. The account contains many notes on the game animals of the region. Ripeway, Ropertr. Note on the Anus hyperboreus, Pall., and Anser albatus, Cass. The Zoologist (Third Series), NIX, p. 94, 1895. OctopER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 41 we saw tracks of woodland caribou several times on Steel River, once coupled with the tracks of a wolf that had evidently been trailing the caribou, and on our return trip a caribou was killed on Steel River by a party which ascended a few days in advance of us. Between York Factory and Fort Churchill a few small bands are found throughout the year on the ‘Barrens.’ Tyrrell saw them here early in the winter of 1893. We saw none, but noted a great many tracks on the ‘Barrens’ between Stony and Owl rivers July 19, and were told by some Indians we met that they had killed several within a week. Dr. Milne informs me that he has seen them between Fort Churchill and Cape Churchill, and that the latter point is considered a good place for hunting them at any time of the year. He thinks these small bands form the ‘‘ northern fringe of the bands which migrate to the coast in spring, the great majority of which in their journey cross to the south of Nelson River,” an opinion which has weight from his fourteen years’ residence at York Factory. A favorite cross- ing point on the Hayes River is about 40 miles above York Factory, though they sometimes cross much closer to that post. Their return movement occurs from about the middle of October to the last of November. During these semiannual movements the animals are _much pursued, especially in the fall, when the weather is usually cold enough to preserve the meat for winter use. Rangifer arcticus (Richardson). Barren Ground Caribou. The presence of Barren Ground caribou was first noted August 8 at a point about 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo, where we saw their tracks on landing. During the next few days the Indians made sev- eral trips in quest of the animals, but found none, although compar- atively fresh tracks were observed in every direction. While we were encamped about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo August 10 to 13 we frequently heard wolves howling in pursuit of caribou, and occasion- ally saw a few of the latter, of which we killed two, a rather young doe and a buck about three years old. The animals were evidently just commencing their usual fall jour- ney to the southward. They showed a tendency to seek the vicinity of the shore on account of the protection gained from mosquitos and other insects, which were less numerous there, owing to the wind. Even under favorable conditions they were attended by swarms of insects, and when feeding were almost constantly moving. Soon after leaving our camp on the morning of August 13 we saw several near the shore. A young buck on a point of land was approached as closely as the depth of water would permit—about 200 yards. He showed little fear, trotting along the shore abreast of our @ Across the Sub-Arctics of Canada, p. 226, 1898. 42 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, boat for about a quarter of a mile. He would frequently stop and wade a short distance toward the boat, at short intervals spreading and contracting the white patch on his throat laterally into an oval disk, so abruptly ax to give the appearance of flashes of light. He finally grew tired of following us and dropped behind. This was the last one seen, James Clark Ross recorded reindeer from Cape Warrender, north shore of Barrow Strait, and from the coast of North Somerset,” and observed them in great numbers on the Isthmus of Boothia.’ Dr. Rae observed them migrating northward about the 1st of March, near Repulse Bay,’ and found them on the west coast of Melville Peninsula as far as Fraser Bay.” Lyon recorded them from Duke of York Bay, Southampton Island. Schwatka’s party killed large numbers between Camp Daly and King William Land in 1879 and 1880./ During the summer of 1893 the Tyrrell brothers, of the Canadian Geological Sur- vey, saw on the shores of Carey Lake, about 450 miles northwest of Fort Churchill, a herd which they estimated to contain from one to two hundred thousand individuals. On their exploring trip northward through the interior of Keewatin, in 1894, they first met with Barren Ground caribou, near Ennadai Lake, on August 14. The animals were then moving southward in large numbers.” The southern range of Barren Ground caribou, on the west coast of Hudson Bay, may be said to be limited by Churchill River. Even in former years these caribou were seldom known to cross that river,’ and they are still killed within a few miles of Fort Churchill. Farther inland they reach the south end of Reindeer Lake./ Description. —Adult male in summer pelage, killed on the Barren Grounds about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo August 10: General color of upperparts and head dull brown; face dull reddish brown; legs dusky brown with an indistinct asby stripe on inner side of fore leg, and of hind leg below the heel; a lateral stripe of dusky brown where the hairs of the belly and sides meet, separated-from the color of upperparts by an indistinct ashy stripe; chest dusky; belly and ven- tral surface of tail white; a small white patch on rump, divided by a narrow stripe of brown extending from dorsal area to tip of tail. A white disk on throat 15 inches long and (when spread) about 10 inches @Parry’s Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 94, 1826. » Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xvii, 1835. ¢ Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 93, 1850. a pid., p. 149, 1850. € Lyon’s Private Journal, p. 46, 1824. J Gilder, Schwatka’s Search, Introduction, p. viii, and elsewhere, 1881. g Ann. Rept. Can. Geol. Sury., 1896, IX (new ser.), p. 165F (1898). hIbid., p. 19F (1898). «Hearne, Journey * * * to the Northern Ocean, p. 225, 1795. J Tyrrell, Forest and Stream, XLIII, No. 4, p. 70, July 28, 1894. OcToer, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 43 wide, consisting of hairs 5 inches in length; an indistinct stripe of ashy extending from this white area forward to chin; feet around edge of hoof white; nose and edges of lips whitish; ears mainly ashy. The winter skins seen were more or less suffused with white or hoary, which in some cases was the predominating color. Alces americanus Jardine. Eastern Moose. This species occurs in suitable places throughout the region traversed from Lake Winnipeg nearly to Hudson Bay. While ascending the Echimamish, which is a noted locality for moose, we frequently saw places where the animals had crossed the stream, and the bordering swamps were intersected by a network of their tracks. Many of the tracks in the bed of the stream were so recent that the mud had not yet settled; but no animals were seen, though we were constantly on the lookout forthem. A young one was killed by a party of Indians at the outlet of the Echimamish a few days before we ascended the river, and the cranium of a female, probably killed during the pre- ceding winter, was found at the middledam. The extensive swamps below Robinson Portage are also much frequented by the animals, one of which was trailed for some distance by my Indian guides. At Oxford House, 60 or 70 miles beyond Robinson Portage, the moose was formerly almost unknown, according to information received independently from several officers of the Hudson’s Bay Company, but is extending its range toward Hudson Bay and is now frequently killed near that post. On Steel River, as we were ascend- ing it September 1, we saw a fresh track at the mouth of a small stream a few miles below Fox River, and at York Factory I was shown a skin which had been brought from Shamattawa River, where the York Factory Indians now go regularly to hunt moose. Farther inland the moose ranges to the northwest. I sawa head at Norway House from the vicinity of Split Lake, and J. B. Tyrrell met with moose on Stone River about 400 miles west of Fort Churchill.“ Ovibos moschatus (Zimm.). Musk-Ox. The musk-ox was first described from the region between Seal and Churchill rivers and formerly ranged in winter more or less regularly to about that latitude: Hearne saw its tracks within a few miles of Fort Churchill, and on his first journey toward the northwest met with it within a hundred miles of that place.2 Edward Sabine recorded musk-oxen from Melville Island, where they arrived in May from the southward. They crossed on the frozen sea, and recrossed it on leaving in September.’ Ross recorded them from Felix Harbor, «Ann. Rept. Can. Geol. Surv., 1896, UX (new ser.), 165F (1897). bJourney * * * to the Northern Ocean, p. 135, 1795. ¢Suppl. to Appendix to Parry’s First Voyage, p. clxxxix, 1825, 44 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Boothia.“ Dr. Rae found them in the vicinity of Repulse Bay,? east of which they seem never to have been recorded. Frederick Schwatka found a herd between Wager and Back rivers in the winter of 1879.° Tyrrell saw fresh skins in the possession of the Eskimos near the head of Chestertield Inlet in the summer of 1893.7 A skull that had been brought by Eskimos from the vicinity of the head of Chestertield Inlet was obtained by us at Fort Churchill. The tips of the horns of this specimen, an adult male, curve forward in nearly parallel planes, instead of diverging, as is usually the case. Through the kindness of Dr. Alexander Milne, of York Factory, I obtained what is probably the most southern authentic record of the occurrence of this animal. Several times during the summer of 1897 parties of Indians reported yeeing a pair of musk-oxen on the ‘Bar- rens’ about halfway between York Factory and Fort Churchill. The male was finally killed in August and the head was brought by the Indians to York Factory. This pair had probably wandered beyond the limits of their normal range during the preceding winter, and for some reason failed to return northward. The Eskimos who trade at Fort Churchill hunt the musk-ox in the Barren Grounds several days’ journey northwestward from Cape Eskimo. Sciuropterus sabrinus (Shaw). Hudson Bay Flying Squirrel. Said to be found throughout the region traversed between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay. It has heen recorded by Bell from Nelson River House, on Churchill River,’ and by Bangs from Moose Factory.” We obtained several hunters’ skins at Norway House and one at Oxford House, and learned that the species is rather common on Shamattawa River. It sometimes becomes a pest to trappers on account of the frequency with which it is caught in traps set for mar- tens and other fur-bearing animals. Several winter skins from the vicinity of Norway House differ as follows from skins of Se/wropterus s. macrotis in corresponding pelage from New England: Upperparts slightly darker (less yellowish); tail with duskier color toward tip; face and cheeks darker; feet similar in color, but much more heavily furred; color beneath not noticeably different; hind foot (measured dry), sabr ‘nus, 38-40 mm.; macrotis, about 86 mm. Breadth of tail with hairs spread naturally, sadr/nus, 60-65 mm.; maucrot’s, about 45 mm. These specimens from Norway House and Oxford House can probably be considered typical sadr/nus, which was described from Severn River. An imperfect skin in the 4 Ross’s Second Voyage, p. 337, 1835. » Narrative of an Expedition to the Arctic Sea, p. 49, 1850. eGilder, Schwatka’s Search, p. 67, 1881. “Ann, Rept. Can. Geol. Surv., 1896, IX (new ser.), p. 165F (1897). ¢ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv. 1882-3-4, App. II, p. 48DD (1885). f Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, p. 163, 1896. OcTOBER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 45 National Museum from Hudson Bay closely resembles those from Norway House, but is slightly more tinged with yellowish brown beneath. An albinistic specimen from Norway House is nearly white above, slightly tinged with light brown, with a brownish area on the middle of the back; the tail is very light brownish above, and lighter, about normal, beneath. No skulls from the Hudson Bay region are available for comparison. Sciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben). Hudson Bay Red Squirrel. We found the red squirrel abundant and generally distributed throughout the region to within a few miles of York Factory, where the trees dwindle to such an insignificant size as not to afford the ani- mals a congenial home. At Fort Churchill I saw a specimen which had been secured a few miles up the river, where good-sized spruce trees occur and the animals are said to be fairly abundant. An adult male taken at Norway House June 18 is in nearly full winter pelage, the summer coat just beginning to appear in patches on the face and back, the lower parts still showing the heavy grayish vermiculations, and the red median dorsal stripe of the winter pelage being present. The tail is concolor*with the back, and is edged with yellowish gray. All the other specimens taken at Norway House and at various points between that post and Oxford House late in June and early in July, and on the return trip between Steel River and Norway House during the first half of September, are in summer pelage and appear to repre- sent two phases of color. By far the greater number are very dark reddish above, the red suffusion tingeing the lower parts quite appre- ciably in many cases; the tails are bordered with grayish or reddish indiscriminately. Tamias striatus lysteri (Richardson). Northeastern Chipmunk. A specimen collected by C. Drexler at James Bay is recorded in the U.S. National Museum catalogue. It can not now be found, but notes regarding it, made years ago by Dr. C. Hart Merriam, indicate that it is referable to the present form. re Eutamius neglectus (Allen). Lake Superior Chipmunk. We obtained about a dozen specimens which were collected by Mr. William Campbell at Oxford House during July, August, and the early part of September. Chipmunks were reported to be rather common about Oxford Lake, but we failed to see any at that point, or at any other on our entire trip except the shore of Pine Lake, where we observed one September 13. The specimens secured were preserved in formalin and skinned on our return in September. The average measurements of 6 are as follows: Total length 217; tail vertebre 101; hind foot 31.¢ This series agrees essentially with a series taken by Gerrit S. a All measurements are in millimeters unless otherwise stated. 46 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA (No. 22, Miller, jr., in September and the early part of October at Nepigon and Peninsula Harbor, Ontario, which are in the type region of neg/ectus. The Oxford House series shows some seasonal variation, those taken in July having grayer rumps than the September specimens. Dr. Bell reported * Tian/as quadrivittatus’ to be common along the Nelson and Churchill rivers,” but it is probable that it is not found on the lower portions of these rivers. Spermophilus parryi (Richardson). Hudson Bay Spermophile. Arctomys Parryii Rich., Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 316, 1825 (1827). The name empetra, usually since 1877 applied to this species, was apparently based on a specimen of the Canadian form of Aretumys mone (see p. 47), and will have to be replaced by parryi of Richard- son, based on specimens collected at Five Hawser Bay, Lyon Inlet, Melville Peninsula, on Parry’s second voyage, which seems to be the next available name. Ground squirrels have been stated to inhabit the coast of Hudson Bay south to Fort Churchill, but I ascertained that the animal does not occur on the coast south of a point about 25 miles below Cape Eskimo—about 150 miles to the northward of Fort Churchill. I was unable to find any in the vicinity of my camp near Thlewiaza River. On starting northward in search of them I was fortunate in securing as guide one of the most intelligent of the Eskimos of the region, who was perfectly familiar with the entire coast and who promised to take me to the nearest point at which the animals were to be found. We left camp near the Thlewiaza on the afternoon of August 8 and on the evening of the next day succeeded in reaching our objective point—the mouth of a stream which enters the sea at the head of a shallow bay thought to be about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo. One of the animals was seen a few minutes after we landed, but they proved to be rather rare, though the Eskimo gave me to understand that farther north they were more common. They inhabited the scattered sandy ridges and hillocks, but with the exception mentioned none were seen abroad, and careful trapping during the next three days at all the burrows found yielded only four specimens. The apparent inactivity of the animals and the fact that most of the burrows were closed from the inside led me to conelude {somewhat hastily) that the animals had commenced to hibernate, but from the fact that they have been taken at points farther north much later in the season it is probable that such was not the case. The burrows usually had several entrances, and, judging from the amount of earth removed, were quite extensive. The four specimens taken agree closely in color and may be thus described: Fur of back, sides, breast, and belly dusky plumbeous at «Rept. Prog Can. Geol. Surv. 1882-3-4, App. IT, p. 48DD (1885). OcrosER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 47 base, on breast, belly, and sides tipped with rather bright rufous; legs, feet, and throat rufous to base of hairs, this color deepest on upper side of legs; sides and thighs more or less flecked with black hairs; fur on back from nape to hase of tail with a broad zone of yellowish-brown, which forms the ground color, succeeded hy a subter- minal zone of yellowish gray and tipped with black. The black tips and the wholly black hairs which are interspersed through the fur predominate in places, causing the grayish zone of color to be broken up into more or less distinct spots; top and sides of head varying from light rufous to dark chestnut rufous, deepest on cheeks and top of head and interspersed with many black hairs; ears light rufous; hairs of upper side of tail dark gray at base, this color sueceeded by a narrow zone of black, a narrow zone of dull yellowish, and a broad zone of black, and narrowly tipped with rufous; pencil of tail, com- prising about a third of its length, nearly all black; most of under side of tail bright rufous. The three males average: Total length 386.6; tail vertebre 117; hind foot 64.3. The female measured: 392; 114; 57. Arctomys monax empetra (Pallas). Canadian Woodchuck. Mus empetra Pallas, Novee Species Quad. e Glirium Ordine, p. 75, 1778. The name dAlus empetra of Pallas, usually of late years applied ina general way to the spermophiles inhabiting the Barren Grounds and the northern Rocky Mountains, was evidently based on a specimen of the Canadian woodchuck, as has been recognized by Sabine,” Rich- ardson,’ and others. Pallas cites (as Marmwta quebekana) the ‘Que- bec Marmot’ of Pennant,’ qualifying the reference to Pennant’s figure with the word dona. Pennant’s ‘Quebec Marmot,’ apparently based on a live specimen in the possession of Mr. Brooks, is unquestionably a woodchuck.” Forster's ‘Quebec Marmot,’* which Pallas also cites, is as certainly a spermophile. Pallas’s description of J/ws empetra follows his citations. Dr. C. Hart Merriam and I have gone care- fully over this description with specimens of both Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv. 1882-3-4, App. II, p. 49DD (1885). ePhil. Trans., LX, p. 374, 1772. @ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. II, p. 49DD (1885). 60 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, gray summer pelage; similar to Lepus labrador‘us, but differing slightly in color and in cranial characters. Color.—Fur of upperparts light plumbeous at base, succeeded by a broad zone of yellowish fawn and a narrow zone of dusky and tipped with white; throatand rump light plumbeous without the fawn-colored zone and white tips; legs and feet, white, but the light plumbeous of rump extending down a short distance on thighs; soles clay-color— probably stained; chin grayish white, lighter thanthroat; head grizzled fawn, brightest on nose and around eyes; nape grayish; occiput dusky; ears dusky grayish anteriorly, edged, except at tip and anteriorly toward the base, with white, dusky tips about 15 mm. long, mesial surface white; fur on inside of ears dusky, tipped with white. An imperfect winter skin obtained near York Factory has the entire fur pure white to base of hairs, except at extreme tips of ears, where the fur is black, becoming yellowish brown toward base. Lepus labrador/us presents a more bluish appearance than Lepus arcticus canus, as the plumbeous element of its pelage is more con- spicuous. In /abrudor/us the plumbeous extends down on outside of leg from thigh nearly to heel. Skull.—No skulls of adult ret/cus are available for comparison, Compared with skulls of lahradorius, those of canus differ as follows: Bulle flatter, rising but slightly above level of basioccipital; jugal broader. Journey * * * to the Northern Ocean, p. 366, 1795. 62 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, lonely and desolate waste. Sometimes they were heard pursuing caribou. Owing to the limited time, Iwas unable to obtain specimens, though I saw many skins, mostly nearly pure white, at Fort Churchill, where they are traded hy the Eskimos and Chippewyans. The Barren Ground wolf has been recorded by the different Arctic expeditions from various points in northern Keewatin. Canis occidentalis Richardson. Gray Wolf. Gray wolves are found more or less commonly throughout the region hetween Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay, and numbers are traded at all the posts. We saw tracks in several places on Steel River, and a wolf was seen a few miles above Fort Churchill during our stay there. A skull of a female from the vicinity of Norway House was obtained from Mr. MacDonald, who informed me that the animal was one of a pair which for some time during the winter of 1900-1901 lived on small fish which they caught at a certain place in the river where ice did not form. Mr. Campbell, of Oxford House. informed me that during the winter of 1899-1900 several were killed within a few rods of the buildings. Vulpes fulvus (Desmarest). Common Red Fox. Foxes occur rather plentifully throughout the region between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay. Many skins were seen in the store- houses of the company at Norway House, Oxford House, and York Factory. A few are collected at Fort Churchill. The ‘cross* phase of pelage seems to predominate, and the normal or red phase to be next in abundance; but many black, or ‘silver.’ foxes are taken. Certain districts are said by the traders to produce black foxes almost exclusively;'in others these are rarely taken. Large numbers of skins seen at the different posts exhibited every possible degree of variation from the normal red phase to almost pure black. Journey * * * to the Northern Ocean, p. 372, 1795. OcToBER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 65 Polar bears occur regularly all along the coast of Keewatin as far south at least as Severn River, and probably to the head of James Bay. Bell reports that a few have been seen at Moose Factory.“ The female *dens up’ in a snowdrift in the winter, brings forth her young about March, and soon afterwards leads them to the sea. The male is said to pass the winter at sea. The animals are frequently seen during late summer swimming in the Bay, and Bell records that one was killed by the captain of one of the Hudsen’s Bay Company ships in open water about the middle of the Bay.’ Polar hears have been met with by various expeditions to the north of Hudson Bay. Lutra canadensis (Schreber). Canada Otter. Otters seem to be found throughout the region, as we saw skins at all of the posts visited. They are not found in the immediate vicinity of Fort Churchill, but are said to be taken not far up the Churchill River. Hearne states, probably referring to the interior, that they used to frequent the rivers to the north of Churchill as far as latitude 62°.¢ We frequently saw their tracks while we were ascending the upper part of Hill River, and the Indians often spoke of the abundance of otters in the vicinity. At York Factory we obtained the skin of a young one about the size of a small mink and dull dark brown in color. Skulls composing a series recently obtained from Oxford House, Norway House, and Cross Lake are apparently not separable from skulls from Godbout, Quebec,-assumed to be typical eenadens?s. Mephitis mephitis (Schreber).” Canada Skunk. A large number of skins were seen in the storehouse at Norway House, and the animal is occasionally taken about Oxford House, where we obtained a hunters’ skin. While paddling up the channel between Windy and Dine lakes on September 12 we saw a skunk swimming across the stream a hundred yards in front of our canoe. On seeing us he redoubled his exertions, but we overtook and shot him just as he reached the shore. This was the only one seen on our trip. This specimen, ax well as the Oxford House skin, has been recorded by Howell.’ Dr. Bell gives the skunk as oceurring on both sides of James Bay. Forster records one sent from Severn River by Mr. Graham.’ Howell records a specimen from Moose Factory.” Among the large number of skins at Norway House were several which seemed to be referable to the Northern Plains skunk (AZ. Audsonscit). « Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1882-3-4, App. II, p. 50DD (1885). bIbid., p. 50DD (1885). ¢Journey * * * to the Northern Ocean, p. 374, 1795. @ See Science (new ser.), XVI, No. 394, p. 114, July 18, 1902. eN. A. Fauna, No. 20, p. 23, 1901. Jf Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 374, 1772. 7165—No. 22 5 66 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Lutreola vison lacustris subsp. nov. Keewatin Mink. Type from Echimamish River (near Painted Stone) Keewatin, Canada. ¢$ yg. ad. (skin and skull), No. 106872, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey collec- tion. Collected September 14, 1900, by Alfred E. and Edward A. Preble. Original number, 3518. General characters. —Similar to Lutreolu vison but larger; skull more angular. Sku/l.—Compared with skulls of #/svn from the Adirondack Moun- tains and New England (assumed to be typical) a large series from Oxford House and the surrounding region differ as follows: More angular and much larger, those of males of vison hardly equaling those of females of /vcnustr/s; sagittal ridge highly developed; zygo- mata strongly bowed outward; dentition heavier than in wson, bullee large and rather flat. inner anterior corner produced toward pterygoids and ending in a rather acute angle. Color.—Type: Upperparts very dark chocolate brown; underparts lighter; chin and a narrow, irregular, and partially broken stripe extending to lower part of breast, white; a little white between hind legs. Measnrements.—Type: Total length 560; tail vertebre 190; hind foot 67. Adult female from Swampy Lake: 540; 180; 60. Average of five immature but well-grown individuals of both sexes: 549; 153; 64.8. Skull: Average of ten adults (probably males) from Oxford House: Occipito-nasal length 62.5; zygomatic breadth 41.25; inter- orbital constriction 11.9; breadth across postorbital processes 18.25; mastoid breadth 36.1, Lemarks.—Minks seem to be common and quite generally distrib- uted throughout the region between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay. They are annually traded at all the posts, and at all except Fort Churchill in large numbers. A few skins were seen in the storehouse at Fort Churchill, and Mr. Chapman, the resident missionary, saw a mink a few miles up Churchill River late in July. We trapped an adult female at Oxford House and another on the shore of Swampy Lake, and while traveling through the lakes on our return journey early in September shot several that were swimming across rivers or between the islands of the lakes. These were mainly immature. The Indians say that when traveling through the lakes at this season they always see minks, and that these are young of the year that are leay- ing the place of their birth and starting out for themselves. We were usually able to approach quite near before they took alarm and dived, and as they came to the surface within 15 or 20 yards they fell an easy prey. The specimens composing the series show more white than is usual in vison, the average excess appearing in the type. OctonER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 67 Putorius cicognani (Bonaparte). Bonaparte Weasel. Weasels, or ‘ermines,’ as they are usually styled in the north, were reported as common throughout the region between Lake Winnipeg and the Bay, and many are caught in traps set for more desirable species. We failed to trap any while traveling through the district, but saw many skins at the trading posts and obtained a number of skulls from the natives at Oxford House. The skulls prove to be typ- ical cicognan?, and as two skins in the U. S. National Museum collec- tion from Fort Albany. Hudson Bay, are referable to this form, the Bonaparte weasel is probably the common weasel of the region. Two winter skins from York Factory seem referable to this species, but in the absence of skulls I find it impossible to decide whether they are nearest to e/cognuni or to richardson. Putorius cicognani richardsoni (Bonaparte). Richardson Weasel. This form probably replaces c/cognan’ throughout the northern parts of the region as far north as the limit of trees and perhaps farther. An immature male taken on Churchill Riyer a few miles above Fort Churchill is dark brown above, as in c’cognan?, and white beneath, very slightly tinged with yellow. The black on the tail occu- pies its terminal third, inclusive of the hairs. Another male, also immature, shot on the edge of the Barren Grounds below Hubbart Point Angust 17, resembles the Churchill River specimen, but is strongly tinged with sulphur yellow beneath. Putorius arcticus Merriam. Tundra Weasel. Weasels collected by Ludwig Kumlien at Cumberland Gulf in 1878 prove to be referable to this species, the type of which came from Point Barrow. This indicates that the range of the animal may extend across the northern part of the continent, and makes it probable that the following notes referring to erminea properly relate to uicticus. J. C. Ross mentions the occurrence of the animals on the shores of Boothia Felix. He states that they assumed their winter dress in Sep- tember and turned brown again toward the end of May. Their tracks were seen at intervals throughout the winter, and the accompanying tracks of lemmings showed that the weasels were in pursuit of what was found to be their chief prey.“ They are also recorded from the west side of Baffin Bay,? and were found on the east side of Melville Peninsula on Parry’s second vovage.° Putorius rixosus Bangs. Bangs Weasel. A specimen of this diminutive weasel from Moose Factory is in the U.S. National Museum collection, and has been several times recorded. «Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. x, 1835. b Appendix to Ross’s First Voyage, p. xliii, 1819. ¢Lyon’s Private Journal, p. 54 (and elsewhere), 1824. 68 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, I made inquiries of the fur traders in regard to the species, but none knew it. It is probable, howeyer, that it is found throughout the southern part of the region, and that their ignorance of it results from its fur being considered valueless and consequently not offered in trade. Forster recorded a small weasel sent from Hudson Bay by Mr. Graham, which was undoubtediy this species. Its total length is given as 7 inches, and that of its tail as about 1 inch.“ Bangs recorded a specimen from Fort Albany.” Mustela americana abieticola subsp. nov. Hudson Bay Marten. Type trom Cumberland House, Saskatchewan. ¢ ad. (skin and skeleton), No. 44255, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Collected February, 1890, by Roderick MacFarlane. General characters.—Much larger than Wastela amer/cund; dentition heavier. Shull.—Much larger than in JL vmericane from the Adirondack Mountains and New Brunswick; more angular, the sagittal crest being more highly developed; zygomata more bowed outward posteriorly; dentition much heavier except last upper molar, which is usually about the same size. Color.—Type in winter pelage: General color of body rich dark yellowish brown, darkest on middle of back; legs and tail darker, the latter almost black at tip; an irregular blotch and a small spot on chest, ochraceous; face and cheeks grayish brown; ears edged with whitish. Measurements.—Type (estimated from cleaned skeleton): Total length 640; tail vertebree 210; hind foot 95. Skull (average of six adults from Oxford House): Occipito-nasal length 78.9; zygomatic breadth +£7.8; interorbital constriction 16.7; breadth across post- orbital processes 29.5; mastoid breadth 37.3. Remarks.—The marten is fairly common throughout the region north to the tree limit. but is most abundant in the heavy spruce for- ests of the southern part. Many skins were seen at Norway House, Oxford House, and York Factory, and a few at Fort Churchill that were said to have been taken on lower Churchill River. A large series of skulls from Oxford House, Norway House, and Cross Lake, collected in the winter of 1900-1901, and a few from York Factory and Fort Churchill collected by our party, are in the Biological Survey collection. These differ from skulls of typical amerfeanus to such a degree as to require subspecific separation. A fine skin and skeleton from Cumberland House in the U. 5. National Museum has been selected as the type. This form approaches in some of its characters Mustela a. actuosa from Alaska, but though smaller has heavier den- tition than that species and consequently more crowded molars. «Phil. Trans., LNII, p. 873, 1772. > Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, p. 22, 1896. ; s OcrowER, 1902,] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 69 Mustela pennanti Erxleben. Fisher. Found sparingly throughout the southern part of the region. We saw many skins at Norway House and Oxford House. Dr. Milne, of York Factory, informed me that he had known of one fisher being taken about 60 miles east of York Factory, toward Cape Tatnam, and had on one occasion seen a track about 50 miles southeast of York Factory. Farther south more are taken; about thirty or forty are annually traded at Trout Lake and a few at Severn River. Skulls from Oxford House and Cross Lake, collected during the winter of 1900-1901, resemble closely skulls from Godbout, Quebec, assumed to be typical pennanty. Gulo luseus (Linn.). Hudson Bay Wolverine. Edwards figured and gave a short account of the ‘ Quick Hatch or Wolverene’ from an individual which was brought alive from Hudson Bay, and which lived for several years.” This specimen formed the basis of Linnzeus’s description of the species, which he named /yscus, in allusion to the beast having lost an eye. The wolverine is still found throughout the region between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay, but is rather rare in the southern districts, though a few skins were seen at all the posts visited. To the northward it is more abun- dant, its range extending over the Barren Grounds and some of the islands of the Polar Sea. In Hearne’s day the natives to the north of Fort Churchill killed many wolverines.?’. Edward Sabine recorded a skull found on Melville Island on Parry’s first voyage,’ and on his second voyage the remains of wolverines were found on Melville Peninsula.” Wolverines were killed in midwinter near Felix Harbor and Victoria Harbor during Ross’s second voyage.‘ Skins are still obtained in the vicinity of Marble Island. Odobenus rosmarus (Linn.). Atlantic Walrus. Occasionally found about the northern part of the Bay, to which section it is probably confined. The body of one had been brought to Fort Churchill by the Eskimos and skinned there a few days before our arrival. A small quantity of walrus ivory, which forms one of the articles of trade, was seen at that post. Dr. Bell says: The walrus is killed by the Eskimo, principally about the entrance to Hudson’s Straits and around the Belcher Islands. In former years this animal is reported to have been seen occasionally as. far south as Little Whale River. On the onposite side of Hudson’s Bay walruses are said to have been seen near Cape Henrietta Maria.f aNat. Hist., IT, pl. 103, 1747. bJourney * * * tothe Northern Ocean, p. 372, 1795. ¢Suppl. to Appendix to Parry’s First Voyage, p. clxxxiv, 1824. @ Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 293, 1825 (1827). e Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. viii, 1835. J Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1877-78, p. 29¢ (1879). 70 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, The animal was formerly abundant at Walrus Island and other points to the north of Fort Churchill. Hearne relates that in 1767 while passing Sea Horse ‘Island’ he and his party ‘‘saw such num- bers of those animals lying on the shore, that when some swivel guns loaded with ball were fired among them, the whole beach seemed to be in motion.” ¢ J. C. Ross recorded walruses from the northern part of Prince Regent Inlet.? According to the same author they were unknown about Boothia, but abounded at Repulse Bay.“ Dr. Rae mentions seeing many on a small island near Whale Island, below Wager Bay.? Phoca hispida Schreber. Rough Seal. A number of skins were seen at Fort Churchill and the animal was said to be rather common in the vicinity. J.C. Ross reported the species from the seas on both sides of the Isthmus of Boothia,’ and from Port Bowen’ Phoca grenlandica Erxleben. Harp Seal. Dr. Bell gives this species as the commonest seal in all parts of Hudson Bay at all seasons.’ I saw no skins, but the species was reported at Fort Churchill. J. C. Ross reported it from the west side of the Isthmus of Boothia.? Cystophora cristata (Erxleben). Hooded Seal. Dr. Bell reported this seal from Hudson Straits, where a few skins were seen in the possession of the Eskimos.” Its range may extend to other parts of the Bay. Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben). Bearded Seal. An adult female was killed July 20 about 75 miles north of York Factory. Its total length was 2,300 mm. (about 74 feet), and it was so heavy that we had great difficulty in getting it on board. Its general color is grayish; lighter, almost silvery on sides and head, darker on nape and middle of back. We saw numbers of these seals both to the north and south of Fort Churchill, and the species probably reaches all parts of the Bay. The so-called ‘clapmatch’ lines. used in place of heavy rope for various uses, are made largely from the skins of this species in the region we @Journey * * * tothe Northern Ocean, p. 388, 1795. b Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xxi, 1835. ¢Tbid, p. xxii, 1835. @ Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 180, 1850. ¢ Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xix, 1835. Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 94, 1825 (1827). 9 Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1882-3-4, App. IT, p. 52DD (1885), OcToBER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 71 visited. A long line of surprising strength is made by cutting the skin of the animal in a spiral manner. Dr. Bell saw skins of the bearded seal in the possession of the Eski- mos in Hudson Strait in 1884, and a fewof the animals were observed by his party. He also saw bearded seals on the Eastmain coast in 1877, and killed a large one at the mouth of Moose River.* J.C. Ross reported the species to be found in summer on the shores of Boothia.? Phoca vitulina Linn. Harbor Seal. Doubtless found in all parts of the Bay. We saw it in numbers all along the coast visited, especially at the mouth of Churchill River. We saw one August 28, several miles above York Factory, as we were ascending Hayes River. A specimen of a rather small female that measured 1,500 mm. in length was secured 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo August 14. Its general color is light yellowish, irregularly and obscurely spotted on the back with brownish. Neosorex palustris (Richardson). Marsh Shrew. This species is represented in our collection by a series of seven col- lected between Echimamish River and the upper portion of Hill River. We trapped them in the grassy margins of marshes or in wooded swamps. As this series shows considerable variation in color some of the specimens may be noted in detail. Four taken at Robin- son Portage June 27 agree very closely in color—back dusky, very finely flecked with silvery white; beneath grayish white with a tinge of brown, grading insensibly on sides into color of upperparts; throat and chin noticeably lighter than remainder of lower parts, this light color sharply divided from the dusky of the face; inner surface of forelegs and fringes of feet silvery white; tail rather sharply bicolored nearly to tip; hind feet dark on outer side, lighter on inner side. A specimen taken on Hill River, near Swampy Lake, September 5, agrees closely with the June specimens. One taken at Robinson Port- age September 14 is evidently in winter pelage, the fur being very soft and fuil, and glossy black dorsally, much darker than the June speci- “mens. One taken on Echimamish River September 15 agrees with the June specimens dorsally, but the ventral surface is strongly clouded with brownish. The skulls, compared with skulls from Min- nesota and South Edmonton, Alberta, assumed to be typical palustrs, show no differences of value. The series shows little variation in size. The seven specimens aver- age: Total length 157.3; tail vertebree 72; hind foot 19.4. A speci- men received from Mr. J. K. MacDonald, of Norway House, who obtained it from the Indians, is in full winter pelage. It resembles «Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1882-3-4, App. II, p. 52DD (1885). b Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xxi, 1835. 72 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, the specimen from Robinson Portage taken in September, except that the fur of the back is tipped with whitish. The species, it is stated, is locally called the ‘beaver mouse,’ from being found in the houses of the beaver. Sorex personatus I. Geoffroy. Common Eastern Shrew About twenty-five specimens were collected from various localities between Norway House and York Factory. These average lighter in color beneath and slightly larger than specimens of personatus in corre- sponding pelage from the Northeastern States. The males average a little darker dorsally than the females. Sometimes there is a distinct dark area on the back separated from the ashy of the lower parts by a lighter Jateral stripe. Among my specimens this dark area seems to increase in intensity with age, anda very old male with excessively worn teeth from York Factory has a conspicuous tricolor pattern. This specimen has an abnormally short tail and measures: Total leneth 90; tail vertebrae 32; hind foot 12. Eight of the largest speci- mens average: 104.1: 40.6; 12. King records a specimen of Sorex forster/ which was found near the mouth of Great Fish River.¢ Sorex (Microsorex) alnorum xp. nov. Keewatin Shrew. Type from Robinson Portage, Keewatin, Canada. 9 ad. (skin and skull), No. 107014, U. 8. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey coilection. Collected June 27, 1900, by Alfred E. and Edward A. Preble. Original number, 2662. General characters.—Larger than Serer hoyi with larger skull; lower parts not tinged with buffy. Color.—Tvpe: Upperparts sepia brown as in S. hoy’; lower parts ashy gray, not tinged with. buffy; hind foot dusky on outer and whit- ish on inner half; tail dusky above, whitish below, becoming dusky toward tip. Compared with Sorex (Mferosorer) eviméius from Cook Tnlet, Alaska, the type is slightly darker above and slightly grayer beneath. Skull.—Compared with skulls of 8. hoyi from Elk River, Minne- sota, and Red River Settlement, Manitoba, the skull of the type is much larger; rostrum about the same; braincase much broader and higher, both actually and proportionally; mandible longer and slen- derer; teeth more heavily pigmented. Compared with Sore. (Jcro- sorex) eatin/us from Cook Inlet, a/orwn has rostrum slightly broader, longer and higher; unicuspids more crowded. Measurements.—Type: Total length 98; tail vertebra 35; hind foot 12. Skull: Greatest length 16.5; width of braincase 7; length of mandible 10. Remarks.—We found this species only at Robinson Portage, where the type was trapped, and on the Echimamish. At the latter point a «Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, II, p. 17, 1836. OcToBER, 1902.] MAMMALS OF KEEWATIN. 73 Soree was so eaten in the trap as to be unfit, for a skin, but the skull was saved and proves referable to Mirrosercr. It was badly injured and is valueless for comparison, but it is assumed to belong to this species. Sorex richardsoni Bachman. Richardson Shrew. This shrew is represented in our collection by a series of eleven specimens. Excepting one taken in June at Robinson Portage and one trapped on Swampy Lake, near its outlet, September 6, all are from Norway House, where the species was abundant. Four of these Nor- way House specimens, taken June 18 to 22, ure still in the dark-backed winter pelage; all the others have the dorsal area less distinctly indi- cated. One taken at Norway House June 22 contained six embryos. The Swampy Lake specimen, which was trapped in spruce woods, has an abnormally long tail and measures: Total length 120; tail vertebrie 48; hind foot 14. The rest of the series average: 116.6; 41.5; 14. Under the name Sorex arancus, Forster recorded a specimen sent from Hudson Bay, probably referable to the present species.“ Sorex sphagnicola Coues. Coues Shrew. A shrew collected by Dr. Bell on Shamattawa River was referred to . this species by Dr. C. Hart Merriam.? Sorex sphagnicola is very imperfectly known, but is undoubtedly most nearly related to r/churd- SOni. Condylura cristata (Linn.). Star-nosed Mole. Dr. Bell speaks of this species as being common at Moose Factory.¢ A specimen in the U. 8. National Museum, collected at that post in 1881 by Dr. Walton Haydon, and one taken at Rupert House, James Bay, have been recorded by True.” I have recently examined the Moose Factory specimen. It was kept in alcohol, but has spoiled in the fluid so that only the skull and part of the skeleton are intact. The skull resembles closely specimens from Pennsylvania and the Northern States. Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte). Little Brown Bat. Two specimens from James Bay are recorded by Miller... We saw no bats of any kind during our trip. ¢Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 380, 1772. oN. A. Fauna, No. 10, p. 65, 1895. ¢Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv. 1882-3-4, App. II, p. 48DD (1885). @Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, p. 84, 1896. eN, A. Fauna, No. 13, p. 63, 1897. BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. Colymbus holbelli (Reinh.). Holbcell Grebe. The Holbcell Grebe was first described by Reinhardt from Green- land. Joseph Sabine mentions having received specimens from Hudson Bay.“ MacFarlane took its eggs in the vicinity of Fort Anderson;? and as the species is recorded from other northern points and breeds in Manitoba it probably occurs throughout the Hudson Bay region. Colymbus auritus Linn. Horned Grebe. Several grebes thought to belong to this species were seen near the the mouth of Red River June 15, and a specimen was coliected at Sea Falls, 20 miles north of Norway House, September 16. Andrew Murray recorded the species from Trout Lake,‘ and Dr. Bell has collected it at Fort Severn and York Factory, and found it breeding at Fort Churchill,? from which point Clarke records a speci- men in summer plumage.’ A specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.). Pied-billed Grebe. Bell records a specimen from York Factory collected and presented to him by Dr. Matthews.% This seems to be the only published record of the capture of the pied-billed grebe in the Hudson Bay region. Nutting records specimens taken at Chemawawin, Saskatchewan, an Indian village about 60 miles west of the mouth of the Saskatchewan, where the species was breeding abundantly.’ Gavia imber (Gunn.). Loon. We found this species rather common on the lakes and deeper parts of the rivers on our route between Norway House and York Factory, and its wild notes were heard nearly every night. Several were seen near the mouth of Churchill River July 30, and several more near North River July 31. On our return trip we saw one or more on nearly every lake between Oxford House and Norway House. @¥Franklin’s Narrative of a Journey to the Polar Sea, Appendix, p. 692 ( Poriceps rubricollis), 1823. > Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, p. 415, 1891. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ., (new ser.), IX, p. 231, 1859. @ Proc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, Sec. IV, p. 49 (1883). ¢ Auk, VII, p. 320, 1890. J Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 56DD (1885). g Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 249, 1893. 75 76 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. _ (No. 22, King recorded the ‘great northern diver’ from the mouth of Back River,” and Murray received a specimen from Severn House.? The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection con- tains the record of a specimen collected at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Gavia adamsi (Gray). Yellow-billed Loon. Under the name Colymbus gluciulis, James Clark Ross records three loons, which from his description were undoubtedly of this species, obtained about Boothia during (John) Ross’s second voyage.‘ In speaking of a loon given him by James Clark Ross, which had been procured in a very high latitude, and which had a yellow bill, Audubon probably refers to one of these specimens. ? This record extends the previously recognized range of the species considerably to the eastward. Gavia arctica (Linn.). Black-throated Loon. Swainson and Richardson speak of this species as common on Hudson Bay,’ and Murray recorded it from Severn House.” Clarke recorded an adult in summer plumage from Fort Churchill.? Some of these records may refer to pucifica. Gavia pacifica (Lawr.). Pacific Loon. First seen on Hudson Bay about 25 miles north of York Factory July 17, and rather common northward. A fine adult male was secured at Fort Churchill July 25. On the Barren Grounds below Cape Eskimo, August 4 to 13, the species was abundant on the shallow ponds on the tundra, where the young are raised. The old birds were often seen flying to and from the Bay, where most of their food seemed to be secured. The howl of a wolf, or any unusual sound, was generally followed by a chorus of their wild, weird calls, lasting for several minutes. The species was last seen by us below Cape Churchill August 24. Edwards’s plate and description of the ‘Speckled Diver, or Loon,’ « Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, II, p. 21, 1836. >’ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 231, 1859. Severn House does not appear on most maps. Thompson, who has had access to the maps and records of the Hudson’s Bay Company in London, locates it ‘‘on Severn Lake, at 54° 5’ north lati- tude and 92° 30’ west longitude.”? (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 463, 1890). In Stieler’s Hand Atlas it is located at the same place. If this information is correct (as it probably is) Severn House should not be confounded with Fort Severn, the post at the mouth of Severn River, though it is barely possible that Murray’s records refer to Fort Severn. ¢ Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xlii, 1835. ¢ Birds of America, VII, p. 291. ¢ Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 475, 1831. J Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 231, 1859. g Auk, VII, p. 320, 1890. OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 77 plainly represent this species. He gives the length of the bill to the angle as 3 inches, and the color of the hinder part of head and neck as light ash.“ Specimens from Winter Island, Melville Peninsula, and from Repulse Bay are recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Gavia lumme (Gunn.). Red-throated Loon. First seen July 21 at Fort Churchill, where it was fairly common. It was abundant August + to 13 on the shallow ponds on the Barren Grounds below Cape Eskimo, where the old birds were feeding young that were still unable to fly. An adult male and a young one in the dusky downy plumage were collected 50 miles below Cape Eskimo August 4. Atour camp 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo the species was more abundant than @. pac/ica, and fully as noisy. While returning we saw tivo and shot one on Knee Lake September 9. Cepphus mandti (Licht.). Mandt Guillemot. Two were seen on Hudson Bay about 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo August 3. One of these sat motionless on the water while the boat passed by within a few feet. On August 19 I saw one on Button Bay near Fort Churchill. Two specimens from Melville Peninsula are recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Andrew Murray records the black guillemot (C. gryle) from Severn House,’ and Richardson states that it was very numerous off Melville Peninsula.” In his narrative Dr. Rae speaks of finding it nesting on an island off Knaps River, Hudson Bay.? These records of grylle probably refer to the present form. Uria troile (Linn.).. Murre. Richardson describes a specimen collected at York Factory, Hudson Bay.¢ Uria lomvia (Linn.). Briinnich Murre. Swainson and Richardson say that this species frequents Hudson Bay.’ A specimen from Hudson Bay, received from the Hudson’s Bay Company, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Though I have been unable to find any other record, there seems to be no reason that this murre should not occur there regularly.. The species is recorded by Ross from Port Bowen, Prince Regent Inlet, where the birds arrived early in June./ “Nat. Hist., III, pl. 146, 1750. b Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 231, 1859. ¢ Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 377, 1825 (1827). @ Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 22, 1850. ¢ Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 477, 1831. fIbid., p. 477, 1831. g Parry’s Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 107, 1826. 78 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Alle alle (Linn.). Dovekie. This species is recorded as abundant in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and other parts of the Arctic seas, and it winters southward on the coast, hence it. probably occurs, at least in migrations, about the northern part of Hudson Bay. Megalestris skua (Briinn.). Skua. Lurus keeask of Latham,“ stated to inhabit Hudson Bay, and based on Hutchins’s ‘Esquimaux Keeask,’? probably refers to the present species. Though it has apparently not since been recorded from Hudson Bay, the facts of its presence in Hudson Straits and its breeding at Lady Franklin Island, north of the straits, render its occurrence on the waters of the Bay probable. Stercorarius pomarinus (Temm.). Pomarine Jaeger. Several seen near the mouth of Churchill River July 21. They were pursuing the terns and small gulls with remarkable agility, evidently to rob them of their prey. A male was collected below Cape Eskimo, where the birds were common August 3 to 8. They were generally flying about over the tundra somewhat after the manner of a marsh hawk, frequently hunting in small, noisy companies; but sometimes several would be seen standing on a small knoll, apparently asleep. They were easily decoyed by the imitation of the cry of a bird in distress. Despite the frequency of melanism in this genus, I saw no black jaegers of any species, though my Indian guide reported seeing one at our camp 25 miles below Cape Eskimo. Richardson records the species from Igloolik, Melville Peninsula.¢ Stercorarius parasiticus (Linn.), Parasitic Jaeger. First met with about 50 miles north of York Factory, where several were seen, and a female was shot July 19. The species was common on the Barren Grounds below Cape Eskimo, August 4 to 18. In habits it resembles S. pomarinus. Clarke records a melanistic specimen from Fort Churchill.” Stercorarius longicaudus Vieill. Long-tailed Jaeger. Edwards’s plate of the ‘Arctick Bird’ represents this species. In his description he says the tail feathers are 13 inches long.¢ Dr. Bell records a specimen which was shot near York Factory by Dr. Matthews, who presented it to him.” The catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum collection records a specimen of 8. »/chardson? taken at Fort “Index Ornithologicus, II, p. 818, 1790. >Latham, Synopsis, III, Part 2, p. 389, 1791. ¢ Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 361, 1825 (1827). @ Auk, VII, p. 320, 1890. eNat. Hist., III, pl. 148, 1750. J Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 56DD (1885), OcTOBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 79 Churchill by W. W. Kirkby. A specimen from Duke of York Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Pagophila alba (Gunn.). Ivory Gull. Richardson describes a specimen of the ivory gull killed at Hudson Bay.@ This gull has also been recorded from Port Bowen and from other localities to the north of Keewatin. Rissa tridactyla (Linn.). Kittiwake. Sabine says this species abounds in Hudson Bay,’ and Richardson gives a description of one killed on Melville Peninsula in July. A specimen from the Savage Islands, Hudson Bay, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Larus glaucus Briinn. Glaucous Gull. Doubtless found in al] parts of Hudson Bay. It has been recorded from Melville Island, Felix Harbor, and other places in the Arctic regions, and has been found breeding in James Bay and at various points on the east coast of Hudson Bay.? Larus leucopterus Faber. Iceland Gull. Undoubtedly occurs on Hudson Bay during migrations, since many winter on the Great Lakes, and Arctic expeditions have obtained specimens in Davis Strait and Baffin Bay and at Melville Island. Larus marinus Linn. Great Black-backed Gull. Common on the coasts of Greenland and Labrador and frequent in winter on the Great Lakes. It is, therefore, like the Iceland gull, very probably to be found, at least during migrations, inhabiting Hudson Bay. Larus argentatus Briinn. Herring Gull. Common on Lake Winnipeg, Hudson Bay, and all the intermediate lakes and larger rivers, and breeding throughout the region. It is usually very shy, however, as it is shot for food by the natives when- ever opportunity offers. At Fort Churchill, where we collected a specimen July 28, the eggs are gathered in large numbers in May and packed in salt, to be eaten in the late autumn and early winter. On our return trip during the latter part of August and fore part of September, many birds in the dark, immature plumage, sometimes almost sooty, were seen. Larus delawarensis Ord. Ring-billed Gull. ‘Gulls referred to this species were rather common in June and July on the inland waters from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay and north- @¥Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 419, 1831. bFranklin’s Narrative of a Journey to the Polar Sea, Appendix, p. 695, 1823. ¢ Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 423, 1831. 4 Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 34, 1900. 80 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. LNo, 22, ward to the Barren Grounds. An immature female was collected on the Barren Grounds 50 miles below Cape Eskimo August 8. Larus franklini Sw. and Rich. Franklin Gull. Aspecimen of this gull from Hayes River, Hudson Bay, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. It breeds about Lake Winnipeg, and probably at other points in southwestern Keewatin: Larus philadelphia (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. Common on Lake.Winnipeg June 15 to 17. Several were seen near the outlet of Swampy Lake July 7, and one was collected on Hayes River July 9. They were also common on Hudson Bay, especially in the vicinity of Fort Churchill, where immature birds were numerous July 25 to 30. On our southward trip we saw a few of these gulls on Knee Lake September 6. The species is recorded from Severn House by Murray,“ and from several places on Hudson Bay by various other authors. Rhodostethia rosea (Macgil.). Ross Gull. The first known specimen of this beautiful species was killed at Alagnak, Melville Peninsula, by James Clark Ross, in June, 1823, during Parry’s second voyage. Another was shot afew days later by another officer attached to the same expedition. These two birds served as the basis of Richardson's description of Larus ross¢?,? but this name is antedated by Zaurus voseus, inadvertently bestowed by Mac- gillivray previously. J.C. Ross later recorded it from Boothia Felix.¢ The species does not seem to have been since taken in the Hudson Bay region. Xema sabinii (Sab.). Sabine Gull. In the Zoological Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, Richardson speaks of many specimens being procured at Winter Island, Melville Peninsula? J. E. Harting mentions a pair in breeding plumage obtained off Melville Peninsula and presented to the University Museum at Oxford by John Barrow.’ Fielden reports a specimen in full breeding plumage which was obtained by Captain Markham near York Factory in August, 1886.° The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum coilection records a specimen (No. 13715) which was collected at Norway House by Robert Kennicott. The original description was based on a specimen from the west coast of Greenland. «Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), LX, p. 321, 1859. b Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 360, 1825 (1827). ¢ Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xxxvi, 1835. @Proc. Zool. Soe. of London, p. 111, 1871. ¢ Transactions Norwich Soc., IV, p. 351, 1887. OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. a él Sterna caspia Pallas. Caspian Tern. A specimen procured at Moose Factory by J. McKenzie is recorded by Turner,” and Nutting records one taken near Grand Rapids, Sas- katchewan, in the summer of 1891.” As the species occurs in the interior as far as Great Slave Lake, it is probable that it regularly reaches southern Keewatin. Sterna hirundo Linn. Common Tern. Common on Lake Winnipeg June 15 to 17, and seen on nearly all the lakes on our route to Hudson Bay. One was collected near Rob- inson Portage June 28. It may occur on Hudson Bay north to the Barren Grounds, in association with the Arctic tern, but was not identified with certainty this far north. It was recorded from Hudson Bay by Andrew Murray.° Sterna paradisea Briinn. Arctic Tern. Common on Hudson Bay. Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 69c¢ (1880). ¢Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, I, p. 257, 1893. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ, (new ser.), IX, p. 229, 1859. ¢ Auk, III, p. 149, 1886. f Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv. 1882-3-4, App. ITI, p. 55DD (1885). g Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 230, 1859. OctoBER, 1902] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 85 Factory by James McKenzie are recorded in the catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum. Aythya americana (EKyt.). Redhead. . Nutting recorded this species and obtained specimens near Chema- wawin, Saskatchewan, in the neighborhood of which ‘countless num- bers of the red-head breed.” ¢ Aythya vallisneria (Wils.). Canvas-back. Nutting obtained a specimen near the mouth of the Saskatchewan in the summer of 1891.? Aythya marila (Linn.). Scaup Duck. A specimen was taken August 22 from a large flock on a pond near the shore of the Bay about midway between Fort Churchill and Cape Churchill. These birds were moulting their wing quills, for which purpose they had evidently congregated on this pond, where they were safe from the attacks of predatory mammals. Aythya affinis (Hyt.). Lesser Scavp Duck. The lesser scaup duck has been reported from a number of localities in the Hudson Bay region, though on account of its close resemblance to the greater scaup the accuracy of some of the records is doubtful. Baird recorded a specimen from Nelson River and considered Forster’s record of mari/a from Severn River’ to refer to the present species.@ Murray records it from Severn House,’ and Bel! reports it from Fort Churchill and York Factory.’ Clangula clangula americana (Bonap.). Golden-eye. Rather common on the larger lakes between Norway House and Oxford House. At the latter place we took an adult male July 3, but did not shoot any more on our northward trip, although we saw a flock containing about 200 near the outlet of Knee Lake July 6, and daily noted a few on our way to York Factory. After this we did not meet with the species again until we reached Hill River on our return, September 5. Here we found many, and on Knee Lake September 6 noted a large flock, probably the same we had observed there two months before. We saw afew more on the Echimamish September 15, one of which we collected, and found a large flock on Hairy Lake. Macoun records specimens taken at Fort Churchill,’ and Forster notes the occurrence of the species on Severn River.” «Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 257, 1893. b Ibid., p. 258, 1893. ¢ Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 413, 1772. 4 Birds of North America, p. 791, 1858. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), LX, p. 230, 1859. f Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv. 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 55DD (1885). 9 Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 95, 1900. Phil. Trans., UXII, p. 417, 1772. 86 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Clangula islandica (Gmel.). Barrow Golden-eye. Bell intimates that this species, as well as the common golden-eye, is found on Hudson Bay.“ Seton, on the authority of R. H. Hunter, records it from Lake Manitoba, Shoal Lake, and the mouth of Red River, Manitoba.? Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). Buftle-head. We saw an adult male on Red River, between Winnipeg and West Selkirk, June 14, and an immature bird on Hill River, near Swampy Lake, September 5. The species is recorded by Forster from Severn River,’ by Murray from Severn House, Moose Factory, and Trout Lake,? and by Clarke from Fort Churchill. It probably ranges throughout southern Keewatin. Harelda hyemalis (Linn.). Old-squaw. Though not observed by us, this species has been recorded from a number of localities on the west shore of Hudson Bay. Edwards figured a ‘Long-tailed Duck from Hudson’s Bay; Forster recorded the species from Churchill River;’ and Richardson described speci- mens killed at Winter Island, Melville Peninsula, on Parry’s second voyage.” Rae speaks of finding this species breeding on an island off Knaps River,’ and collected a specimen at Repulse Bay which is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Murray recorded the species from Severn House;“ Clarke, an adult pair in summer plumage from Fort Churchill;/ and Bell, a specimen from York Factory.” Histrionicus histrionicus (Linn.). Harlequin Duck. Forster recorded a specimen from the Hudson Bay region;’ Blakis- ton says he examined one at York Factory;” and the catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum collection records a specimen taken in James Bay August 3, 1860. Camptolaimus labradorius (Gmel.). Labrador Duck. Joseph Sabine includes .lwas labradoria among the species which at that time were found on Hudson Bay and its vicinity, but which were «Proc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, Sec. IV, p. 50 (1883). » Auk, ILI, p. 328, 1886. ¢ Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 417, 1772. @ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 230, 1859. ¢ Auk, VII, p.-320, 1890. J Nat. Hist. III, pl. 156, 1750. g Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 418, 1772. h Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 373, 1825 (1827). ¢ Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 22, 1850. Jj Auk, VIL, p. 320, 1890. ‘Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. ITI, p. 55DD (1885). ! Phil. Trans., LXNII, p. 419, 1772. m This, V, p. 149, 1863. Ocroper, 1902 BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 87 not obtained on Franklin’s Expedition.“ An adult male, perhaps from Hudson Bay, was presented to the British Museum by the Hudson’s Bay Company about the year 1835;? and it is likely that a specimen to which no definite locality is assigned that is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue is this same bird. Somateria mollissima borealis (C. L. Brehm). Northern Eider. This species was obtained on Parry’s second voyage at Winter Island, being recorded as moll/ss’ma,’ and Blakiston, writing of S. mollissima, speaks of having received specimens from Hudson Bay.@ A specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Somateria dresseri Sharpe. American Eider. First seen in small numbers about 50 miles north of York Factory July 19, and rather common from there northward. Flocks of a hundred or more were often seen north of Fort Churchill, and a female with young two or three weeks old was observed August 3, 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo. The species is said to breed in large numbers on certain rocky islands north’of Fort Churchill. Quantities of the eggs are gathered by Indians and Eskimos in late April and early May, and brought to Fort Churchill, where they are packed in salt for later consumption. The bird is called by the Indians ‘ Husky’ (i. e., Eskimo) duck. Two specimens, collected by Dr. Bell at Fort Churchill, are recorded by Macoun.° Somateria v-nigra Gray. Pacific Eider. Murray recorded this species from Severn House.” As the species occurs on Great Slave Lake, it should be occasionally found in Keewatin. Somateria spectabilis (Linn.). King Eider. Edwards figures this species from Hudson Bay, calling it the ‘Gray- Headed Duck.’’ Linneus cites Edwards’s figure in his description of spectabil’s, hut does not base his description exclusively on it. It was recorded by Blakiston, who speaks of having seen specimens from Hudson Bay,” and by Richardson, who states that it was observed in numbers about Melville Peninsula on Parry’s second voyage.? A «@¥ranklin’s Narrative of a Journey to the Polar Sea, Appendix, p. 698, 1823. bSee Dutcher, Auk, VIII, p. 203, 1891. ¢ Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 370, 1825 (1827). @Ibis, V, p. 150, 1863. é Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 105, 1900. f Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 229, 1859. g Nat. Hist., III, pl. 154, 1750. Albis, V, p. 150, 1863. 2 Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 373, 1825 (1827). 88 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, specimen from York Factory, collected by Dr. Bell, is recorded by Macoun.¢ Oidemia americana Swains. American Scoter. Swainson based his description of this species on Hudson Bay speci- mens;? a specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue; Andrew Murray recorded the species from Trout Lake;’ Blakiston says that he ‘‘received specimens from the west coast of Hudson’s Bay;”” and an adult male is recorded from Fort Churchill by Clarke.° Oidemia deglandi Bonap. White-winged Scoter. We observed this species twice on Knee Lake—a small flock on July 7 and afew on September 8 as we were returning. We also noted a few about fifty miles north of York Factory July 19. Many breed about the borders of small ponds throughout the interior, and large numbers are killed for food before they are able to fly. Murray recorded the species from Trout Lake, Moose Factory, and Severn House. ° Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.). Surf Scoter. Rather common in Hudson Bay south of Cape Eskimo August 4 to 13. My brother took a specimen on Churchill River near Fort Churchill August 11, and we obtained another near Pine Lake Sep- tember 13, as we were returning. On September 14 we saw several near Robinson Portage. Edwards figured this species, which he catled the ‘Great Black Duck from Hudson’s-Bay,”’ and on this figure Linneus based his description of Anas perspicillata. The species has since been several times recorded from Hudson Bay by different writers, and a specimen from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae, is mentioned in the British Museum Catalogue. Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmel.). Ruddy Duck. Blakiston speaks of having examined a specimen at York Factory, on Hudson Bay,” and Bell records a specimen from the same place.9 The species seems to be of regular occurrence about Lake Winnipeg and other points in Manitoba, and probably in the adjacent parts of Keewatin. «Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 108, 1900. bFauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 450, 1831. ¢Kdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 231, 1859. apis, V, p. 150, 1863. e Auk, VII, p. 320, 1890. Jf Nat. Hist., III, pl. 155, 1750. g Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 69c¢ (1880). OCTOBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 89 Chen hyperborea nivalis (Forst.). Greater Snow Goose.“ This bird was first described by Forster from Severn River, Hudson Bay.? Swainson and Richardson speak of its occurrence at Albany Fort and York Factory;° Murray records it from Moose Factory and Severn House;” and Bell characterizes it as abundant at Fort Churchill and York Factory during migrations,’ and says that it began to arrive at the former place September 5.7 Barnston says that at Martin Falls, Albany River, the species was generally passing in large flocks about May 10.” A specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue; and one from Black Island, Lake Winnipeg, is recorded by Macoun.’ Chen cerulescens (Linn.). Blue Goose. Edwards figured the ‘ Blue- Winged Goose’ from Hudson Bay,’ and on this figure Linnzeus based his description of the species. A specimen from Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue, and one taken at Moose Factory in August, 1860, by J. McKenzie, and one from Fort Churchill, appear in the catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum. It is said to be found principally about the south- ern part of the Bay, and according to Indian information breeds in northern Labrador. Chen rossi (Cassin). Ross Snow Goose. A specimen procured at Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay, is recorded by Macoun./ The ‘Horned Wavey’ of Hearne is doubtless this species. Anser albifrons gambeli (Hartl.). White-fronted Goose. Edwards figured a specimen procured from Hudson Bay, which he called the ‘ Laughing-Goose.* Barnston says that this species is sel- dom seen in the southern part of Hudson Bay, but is less rare at York Factory, and is frequent at Fort Churchill.’ Blakiston received a specimen from Hudson Bay,” and one from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. aIn some of the cases cited the species has been recorded as ( hiperborea, but I have assumed that the eastern form is referred to. bPhil. Trans., LXII, pp. +18, 433, 1772. ¢Fauna Boreali-Americana, IJ, p. 467, 1831. @¥Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. eRept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 69¢ (1880). fIbid., 1882-3-4, App., III, p. 55DD (1885). 9gEdin. New Phil. Journ., XXX, p. 254, 1841. Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 114, 1900. iNat. Hist., III, pl. 152, 1750. jCatalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 115, 1900. kNat. Hist., III, pl. 153, 1750. UIbis, II, p. 257, 1860. mbid., V, p. 141, 1863. 90 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Anser fabalis (Lath.). Bean Goose. Under the name segetum, Richardson mentions this species as one of the geese which are known to visit the Hudson Bay region, but are rarely seen, being accidental visitors.” Branta canadensis (Linn.). Canada Goose. An island in the northern part of Lake Winnipeg, on which this bird is said to nest in considerable numbers, wax pointed out to us. While descending Steel River July 9 we took a half-grown bird from a flock of five. These had probably come down Fox River, where the species is said to breed. Young geese unable to fly, probably of this species, were seen by Alfred E. Preble on Churchill River August 11. While ascending Steel and Hill rivers, August 31 to Sep- tember 4, we saw one or two flocks daily. We shot one bird on Hill River September 4, but found its preservation impracticable. Murray recorded the species from Moose Factory and Severn House,’ and Bell says it breeds on Churchill River. ¢ In former times, when the posts on Hudson Bay supported a much larger population than at present, geese constituted a staple article of food, and this species and B. ¢. hutchinsi especially were shot in great numbers, both for immediate consumption and to be salted for winter. Barnston, from the number recorded at the different posts, estimated that at least 57,500 were annually killed on James Bay and the west coast of Hudson Bay.“ At present the demand for the birds is less and their numbers are diminished; hence fewer are killed. Branta canadensis hutchinsi (Rich.). Hutchins Goose. Several flocks of geese referred to this species were seen on the Barren Grounds near Hubbart Point August 16. Dr. Rae saw a female with a brood of young near Neville Bay.¢ Macoun records two specimens taken at Fort Churchill by Dr. Bell, and an egg obtained at Repulse Bay.” The species has been recorded from other points in northern Keewatin. Branta bernicla (Linn.). Brant. Said by Swainson and Richardson to breed in great numbers on the coast and islands of Hudson Bay.” A specimen from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue; and Dr. Bell records a specimen killed at York Factory.” «Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 364, 1825 (1827). bEdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. ¢Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App., VI, p. 69¢ (1880). a his, II, p. 258, 1860. ¢ Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 24, 1850. f Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part 1, p. 120, 1900. 9 Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 469, 1831. 2 Proc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, See. IV, p. 51 (1883). OcTOBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 91 Branta leucopsis (Bechst.). Barnacle Goose. Said by Richardson to be rare and accidental in Hudson Bay. A specimen in the U. 8. National Museum collection was obtained near Rupert House, James Bay, by Bernard R. Ross.? Olor columbianus (Ord). Whistling Swan. Whistling swans visit the western shores of Hudson Bay in great numbers in the spring and fall, and their assembled thousands are said to present a beautiful and imposing spectacle during their semiannual visits. The broad expanse of Churchill River near its mouth is a favorite place of resort. A specimen collected at Fort Churchill and presented by J. R. Spencer is recorded by Dr. Robert Bell,’ who also states that the species breeds on Nottingham Island, Hudson Bay.¢ Olor buccinator (Rich.). Trumpeter Swan. Richardson describes a specimen killed on Hudson Bay.’ Barnston speaks of the breeding of swans near Eastmain Fort, on James Bay, and of eggs being brought to him from a nest on the banks of a lake near Norway House.” His remarks probably refer to this species, as it has a more southern breeding range, especially in the interior, than O. columbianus. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.). Bittern. We saw several flying over the marsh at the mouth of Red River June 15, heard the notes of one near Norway House June 19, and saw one near Sea Falls June 23. At Beacon Point, near York Factory, I started one from the marsh July 13. On our return trip we saw sev- eral near Oxford House September 10, and on the Echimamish Sep- tember 15. The species is recorded from Severn River by Forster,’ and from Fort Churchill by Clarke.” Ardetta exilis (Gmel.). Least Bittern. Under the name Botaurus minor Dr. Robert Bell records this species from York Factory,‘ and later says, ‘‘Of the least Bittern (Ardetta exilis Gray) I have specimens from Manitoba and York Factory.’/ It has been taken near Winnipeg, but can scarcely reach Keewatin except as a straggiler. « Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 364, 1825 (1827). > Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds of North America, I, p. 475, 1884. ¢ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 70c (1880). d Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-+, p. 30DD (1885). eFauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 464, 1831. J Ibis, II, p. 253, 1860. gPhil. Trans., LXII, p. 401, 1772. h Auk, VII, p. 320, 1890. ¢Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 68¢ (1880). J Proc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, Sec. IV, p. 51 (1883). 92 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. (No. 22, Ardea herodias Linn. Great Blue Heron. One noted on Red River, near Lake Winnipeg, June 15. Edwards figured a specimen from Hudson Bay, calling it the ‘Ash- colour’d Heron from North America.’¢ His figure formed the prin- cipal basis for Linneus’s description of Ardea herodias. Turner records a specimen collected at Moose Factory, James Bay, August 29, 1860, by James McKenzie.” This specimen is recorded in the cat- alogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum, but can not now be found. Grus americana (Linn.). Whooping Crane. Edwards figured the ‘ Hooping-Crane from Hudson’s-Bay.’* His fig- ure formed a partial basis for Linnzus’s description of Ardea ameri- cand. Hearne says: ‘This bird visits Hudson’s Bay in the spring, though not in great numbers. They are generally seen only in pairs, and that not very often.” 7 Grus canadensis (Linn.). Little Brown Crane. Noted several times on the Barren Grounds 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo, usually in companies of four or five. The distorting effect of the atmosphere sometimes gave them a strange appearance as they stood or walked about on some distant hillock. Edwards’s ‘ Brown and Ash-colour’d Crane,’ figured from a Hudson Bay specimen,’ formed the basis of Linneus’s description of Ardea canudensis, Forster recorded the species from Severn River,’ Murray from Trout Lake,’ and Richardson from [gloolik, Melville Peninsula.” It was seen at Montreal Island, near the mouth of Great Fish River, and recorded by King.? Rallus virginianus Linn. Virginia Rail. Dr. Bell records from York Factory a specimen presented by Dr. Matthews.’ Nutting found it common about Chemawawin, Saskatch- ewan, and secured specimens.* Porzana carolina (Linn.). Sora. Edwards figured a sora rail from Hudson Bay,’ calling it the * Little American Water Hen,’ and the species is recorded from Severn House «Nat. Hist., III, pl. 135, 1750. bProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 245, 1885. ¢Nat. Hist., III, pl. 1382, 1750. @Journey * * * tothe Northern Ocean, p. 422, 1795. eNat. Hist., III, pl. 133, 1750. Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 409, 1772. gEdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. + Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 353, 1825 (1827). ¢Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, II, p. 21, 1836. JRept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. IIT, p. 55DD (1885). *Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Jowa, II, p. 262, 1893. , Nat. Hist. IIT, pl. 144, 1750. OctoBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. - 93 by Andrew Murray,“ from Fort Churchill by Clarke,’ and from York Factory by Bell.“ Macoun records it from Moose Factory, James Bay, where Spreadborough found it breeding.“ It undoubtedly breeds throughout the region. Porzana noveboracensis (Gmel.). Yellow Rail. During the afternoon of July 13, while collecting on the marsh at Beacon Point, near York Factory, I flushed five yellow rails, securing three, two males and a female. The males were discovered by follow- ing up the source of their notes, which, though rather low, have a penetrating quality that makes them distinctly audible at a distance of several hundred yards. A metallic cluck, five or six times repeated, constituted their call. It was given thus: First two notes uttered with scarcely an interval between them, then a pause of about a second, then three, or occasionally four, notes exactly like the first two. The birds flushed were in open, grassy places where I was usually able to approach near and, guided by the note, to start them almost from beneath my feet. I heard about a dozen, but was unable to flush more than five, for the others, which were in bushy portions of the marsh, seemed to hear me and take alarm before I could get near, and would cease calling. Hatchins wrote a short account of the habits of the yellow rail as observed by him at the mouth of Severn River,’ and Bell has recorded the species from Fort George, on the east coast of the Bay.? Fulica americana Gmel. Coot. Abundant in the marsh at the mouth of Red River June 15, and not again noted until we reached the same marsh on our return Sep- tember 21, when many were seen. We were told it occurs about some of the marshy lakes north of Lake Winnipeg. Crymophilus fulicarius (Linn.). Red Phalarope. The red phalarope was fairly common on the shallow ponds below Cape Eskimo August 3 to 8, at which time they were feeding downy young. Anadult male and a young bird in the down were collected August 6. Edwards figured a specimen brought from Hudson Bay by Mr. Isham. His figure formed a partial basis for Linneus’s description of Tringa fulicaria. Clarke records an adult pair in summer plumage a@Edin. New Phil. Jour., (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. db Auk, VII, p. 321, 1890. ¢ Proc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, Sec. IV, p. 51 (1883). @ Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 140, 1900. €MS. quoted by Richardson, Swainson, Thompson, Macoun, and others. Jf Nat. Hist., III, pl. 142, 1750. 94 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, from Fort Churchill,“ and aspecimen, collected at Repulse Bay by Dr. Rae, is noted in the British Museum Catalogue. King observed the species near the mouth of Great Fish River.’ Phalaropus lobatus (Linn.). Northern Phalarope. First seen on the marshes about 50 miles north of York Factory July 19, where a male was taken whose abdominal bareness showed that it had recently been sitting on eggs. The birds were present in numbers, and when [ left the marshes, about an hour after sunset, were still active and noisy. The species was common at Fort Churchill July 21 to August 21, and abundant on the Barren Grounds below Cape Eskimo August 3 to 8, where an immature bird was collected. While returning down the coast of the Bay August 14 to 26 we saw the species daily, but after leaving York Factory did not again meet with it. Macoun records it from an island in James Bay, where about a dozen, evidently breeding, were observed by Spreadborough June 16, 1896.¢ Steganopus tricolor Vieill. Wilson Phalarope. Murray records Phularupus lobutus (Ord) from Severn House.4@ Phalaropus lobatus of Ord is supposed to be referable to S. tricolor, and as the species regularly reaches Lake Winnipeg, its occurrence at Severn House is not improbable. Philohela minor (Gmel.). Woodcock. Recorded by Dr. Bell, who says ‘‘I saw one specimen of the wood- cock at York Factory in the end of August.”* The woodcock may regularly reach southern Keewatin, but its presence as far north as York Factory must be merely accidental. Gallinago delicata (Ord). Wilson Snipe. Several seen on a marsh between Oxford and Back lakes, near Oxford House, September 10, and three or four started beside the Echimamish September 14. Two specimens in summer plumage are recorded by Clarke from Fort Churchill,“ and a specimen said to bave been collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is listed in the British Museum Catalogue. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection shows that the species was taken at Moose Factory in 1881. a Auk, VU, p. 321, 1890. > Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, II, p. 21, 1836, ¢ Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 146, 1900. d Wdin. New Phil. Jour. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. ¢ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 70c (1880). + October, 1902,] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 95 Gallinago major (Gmel.). Greater Snipe. A snipe sent to the British Museum many years ago from ‘ Hudson’s Bay,’ and which served as the type of Swainson’s Scvlopau lencurus,! is identified by Dr. Sharpe as Gallinago major, and so recorded in the British Museum Catalogue.’ Macrorhampus scolopaceus (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Abundant on the meadows bordering Button Bay near Fort Churchill, July 31. The species was then moving southward, and, with the exception of a few individuals seen about 50 miles below Cape Eskimo August 3, was not again noted. Two specimens were collected. These have been examined by Reginald Heber Howe, jr., in connection with his study of the genus, and he considers them practically typical scolopaceus.© Micropalama himantopus (Bonap.). Stilt Sandpiper. A male bird was shot on the mud beside a'small pool on the tundra, about 50 miles north of York Factory, July 19. It was in company with a pectoral sandpiper which was killed by the same shot. It is probably a bird of the year, and has dusky back and crown, the feathers of which are edged with rusty brown, those of wing-coverts being edged with pale buffy; lower parts bute, very faintly spotted on sides and flanks; superciliary stripe, cheeks and throat buffy whitish, very faintly spotted with brown. Several more individuals were noted on August 12 about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo. Richardson describes one from Hudson Bay,? and a specimen col- lected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Tringa canutus Linn. Knot. A specimen from Melville Peninsula is described by Richardscn.° One from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae, and one from ‘ Hudson Bay’ are recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Tringa maritima Briinn. Purple Sandpiper. Recorded by Richardson from Winter Island, Melville Peninsula, where at was obtained in June,’ and by James C. Ross, who says it arrived at Port Bowen, Prince Regent Inlet, early in June.’ Rich- ardson gives a description of a specimen from Hudson Bay;’” and one @¥auna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 501, 1831, >See Coues, Auk, XIV, p. 209, 1897. ¢See Howe, Auk, XVIII, p. 272, 1901. @¥auna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 381, 1831. elbid., p. 387, 1831. f Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 354, 1825 (1827). g Narrative of Parry’s Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 101, 1826. Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 382, 1831. From the date of collection, July 29, 1822, it is almost certain that it was collected in the vicinity of York Factory. 96 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Tringa maculata Vieill. Pectoral Sandpiper. First seen on the marshes about 50 miles north of York Factory July 19, where the species was rather common, and where a male was shot. Common on the meadows bordering Button Bay July 31, and abundant on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August 3 to 13. Several seen near Oxford House September 10. A specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue, and the catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Tringa fuscicollis Vieill. White-rumped Sandpiper. Rather common on the meadows bordering Button Bay July 31, where a specimen was collected. A number were noted on the Barren Grounds below Cape Eskimo August 3 to 8. Tringa bairdi (Coues). Baird Sandpiper. Macoun says: ‘‘Spreadborough saw three on a small island in James Bay on June 16, 1896, and believes they were breeding.” ¢ The species probably occurs regularly in western Keewatin Tringa minutilla Vieill. Least Sandpiper. First met with at Fort Churchill, where adult birds accompanied by young were seen on the meadows July 26 and an immature bird was taken. Large numbers were observed on the shores of Button Bay July 31, and immense flocks were seen on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August 3 to 13, though at the latter date their num- bers had greatly diminished. The species was noted at nearly every place at which we landed on the way back to Fort Churchill, August 13 to 19; and it was doubtless present in flocks of small sandpipers seen between Fort Churchill and York Factory, though it was not again positively identified. Tringa alpina Linn. Dunlin. Blakiston speaks of having seen a specimen from Hudson Bay,? and the American Ornithologist Union Check List records it as accidental on the west side of Hudson Bay, though I have been unable to discover on exactly what information the record is based. Tringa alpina pacifica (Coues). Red-backed Sandpiper. First seen on the beach about 50 miles north of York Factory July 19, where numbers were observed and several specimens were taken. The birds seemed to be just commencing their southward migration. «Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part 1, p. 162, 1900. bTbis, V, p. 182, 1863. OcToRER, 1902. BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 97 They were seen in large numbers wherever we landed on the coast north of Fort Churchill, were present by thousandy on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August 3 to 13, and were still seen, though in diminishing numbers, wherever we landed on the way back to York Factory. Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.). Semipalmated Sandpiper. Rather common at Fort Churchill, where adults and young were taken on the meadows July 25. Common along the coast north of Fort Churchill, and seen in immense flocks on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo. As with the red-backed sandpipers, we found the species common on the beach wherever we landed on our return down the coast to York Factory August 13 to 26. One taken at Moose Factory in 1881 is registered in the catalogue of birds in the U. 8S. National Museum collection. Calidris arenaria (Linn.). Sanderling. A number were seen at my camp 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo on the morning of August 13. They were flying southward with other species. A specimen from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue, and Clarke records an adult in sum- mer plumage from Fort Churchill. According to Swainson and Richardson, Hutchins reported that the species bred on Hudson Bay as low as the fifty-fifth parallel.’ Limosa fedoa (Linn.). Marbled Godwit. « Edwards figured a specimen brought from Hudson Bay by Mr. Isham.“ His figure formed the basis of Linneus’s description of Scolopax fedoa. Murray recorded the species from Hudson Bay,” and a specimen from Hayes River is recorded in the British Museum Cata- logue. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collec- tion records a specimen from Moose Factory. Limosa hemastica (Linn.). Hudsonian Godwit. We first met with this species on the beach about 50 miles north of York Factory July 19, where a number were seen and two were taken. It was common on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August 4 to 8, and several were seen between Fort Churchill and Cape Churchill August 22, and below Cape Churchill August 24. Edwards figured a specimen brought from Hudson Bay by Mr. Isham, calling it the ‘Red-breasted Godwit,’* and on his figure Lin- @Auk, VII, p. 321, 1890. >Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 336, 1831. ¢Nat. Hist., ITI, pl. 137, 1750. @Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. eNat. Hist., ITI, pl. 138, 1750. 7165--No. 29-7 98 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, nus based his description of Scolopaw hemastica. Forster recorded the species from Churchill River,“ and Murray from Severn House.? A specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.). (Greater Yellow-legs. One was seen at Oxford House July 3 and one on upper Hill River July 7. Isaw several on the beach near York Factory July 13, and at Fort Churchill July 24. The species was very common on the shores of Button Bay July 31, and about 50 miles below Cape Eskimo August 4 to 8, and was noted wherever we landed on the way back to Churchill. While ascending Hayes River August 29 and 30 we observed a great many, usually in flocks of about a dozen, but after passing the mouth of the Shamattawa, which is in reality the main river, we saw none for several days. Steel and Hill rivers, which compose the other branch of Hayes River, are not so well adapted to the habits of the species and it seems probable that most of the yellow-legs, and probably other sandpipers, migrate up the Shamattawa, where low, sandy shores more often occur. We saw two or three on Knee Lake September 7, one at Oxford House September 10, and several on Playgreen Lake September 17 to 20. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection con- tains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881. Totanus flavipes (Gmel.). Yellow-legs. First met with June 27 at Robinson Portage, where a pair were seen on the marsh and the male was collected. They probably had a nest in the vicinity, as they were very uneasy and frequently alighted on neighboring dead trees. The species was common at Fort Churchill July 22 to 30, and abundant at Button Bay July 31, and 50 miles below Cape Eskimo August 3 to 8. A few were noted on Hayes River August 30. The species is recorded by Andrew Murray from Severn House,’ and the catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881, Totanus totanus (Linn.). Common Redshank. The only evidence that this is a North American species is a descrip- tion by Swainson and Richardson of a specimen from Hudson Bay of ‘Totanus calidr’s, the Redshank or Gambet,’ which they said existed in the British Museum.’ The species occupies a place in the ‘ Hypo- thetical List’ of the American Ornithologists’ Union Check List on the strength of this record. «Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 411 (Scolopax lapponica), 1772. bEdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. ¢Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 391, 1831. (See also Coues, Auk, XIV, p. 211, 1897. OcrosEr, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 99 Helodromas solitarius (Wils.). Solitary Sandpiper. We met with this species only while descending the Echimamish, where several were seen September 14 and 15 and one was taken. A specimen collected at Repulse Bay by Dr. Rae is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue, and A. McKenzie took one at Moose Fac- tory. The species probably occurs throughout the region. Helodromas ochropus (Linn.). Green Sandpiper. Swainson and Richardson described a specimen of Zotanus ochropus, the ‘ White-tailed Tattler,’ from Hudson Bay.“ This specimen is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Heteractitis incanus (Gmel.). Wandering Tattler. Bell says: ‘I obtained a specimen of the Wandering Tattler (Zet- erocelus brevipes, Vieill.), supposed to be a western species, on the Eastmain Coast.? Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.). Bartramian Sandpiper. Several were seen and one was shot on the Barren Grounds 50 miles below Cape Eskimo August 8, and several more were noted 25 miles farther north August 10 to 18. Tryngites subruficollis (Vieill.). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. I saw a number on the higher parts of the tundra 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo August 10 to 13, and noted others (collecting two) August 24 on some sandy ridges, the remains of old shore lines, below Cape Churchill. The birds had a soft, plaintive call, and were rather tame and unsuspicious. A specimen taken by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Actitis macularia (Linn.). Spotted Sandpiper. This widely distributed species is found throughout the region as far north at least as Fort Churchill. It was common on Red River June 14, and seen daily between Norway House and York Factory June 23 to July 10. A deserted nest was found on the rocky island that constitutes Rock Portage, at the lowest of the Hill River rapids. While we were descending Steel and Hayes rivers, July 9 and 10, one or more pairs of this species were almost constantly in sight, and young ones unable to fly were often seen running along the shelving banks. The species was not seen on the shores of Hudson Bay, but we collected a specimen on Churchill River, near Fort Churchill, July 25, and my brother found it rather common on the same stream, about 20 miles from its mouth, early in August. While ascending @Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 392, 1831. bProc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, Sec. LV, p.51 (1883). 100 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Hayes, Steel, and Hill rivers on our return, August 28 to September 3, we found that many were still lingering there, and I saw several at Duck Point, Playgreen Lake, on September 20. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Numenius hudsonicus Lath. Hudsonian Curlew. * First observed about 50 miles north of York Factory, where a number were seen and one was shot July 19. Another was shot at Fort Churchill July 28. Quite a number were seen on the shores of Button Bay July 31, and to the north of that place on the following day. We saw a few daily while we were encamped on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo, August 10 to 13; and noted a few more below Hubbart Point August 18, between Fort Churchill and Cape Churchill August 22, and below the cape August 24. The birds were usually seen at low tide, when they flew about in small compa- nies over the broad boulder-strewn flats in search of feeding grounds, uttering a loud, clear whistle. During high tide they resorted to the tundra and were less observable. Latham based his description of this species mainly on a specimen received from Mr. Hutchins, probably from Severn River.“ Murray recorded the species from Severn House.? Numenius borealis (Forst.). Eskimo Curlew. This species was first described by Forster from a specimen taken at Albany Fort, Hudson Bay.’ It is recorded by Dy. Bell as abundant at Fort Churchill in August, 1879.¢ Squatarola squatarola (Linn.). Black-bellied Plover. A specimen in winter plumage, evidently a bird of the year, was killed on a small rocky island in Swampy Lake September 5. Forster recorded the species from Severn River;* Richardson from Melville Peninsula, where he says it breeds; and Bell from York Factory.’ Clarke recorded two adults in summer plumage from Fort Churchill.” In former years the various plovers, particularly this species and the golden plover, were much hunted at the various posts on the Bay, especially during their southward movement in August. «Index Ornithologicus, II, p. 712, 1790. (See also Latham, Syn. Suppl., I, p. 243, 1787.) b Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. ¢Phil. Trans., LXIJ, pp. 411, 431, 1772. d@ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 69c¢ (1880). ePhil. Trans., LXII, p. 412, 1772. f Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 352, 1825 (1827). ¢ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 55DD (1885). @ Auk, VII, p. 321, 1890. OcrToBER, 1902.} BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 101 Charadrius dominicus Mill. Golden Plover. I found this species moving southward in small flocks at a point 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo August + to 8, and also, though in ‘diminished numbers, 25 miles to the northward, August 10 to 13. A specimen was taken at the first point. It has the black of the lower parts varied by a number of whitish feathers, which predominate on the throat and the sides of the chest. This species was recorded by J. C. Ross from Port Bowen, Prince Regent Inlet, where it arrived the middle of May;“ by Murray from Trout Lake,’ and by Bell from York Factory.“ Clarke recorded an adult in summer plumage from Fort Churchill. The catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Agialitis vocifera (Linn.). Killdeer. Several were seen on the grassy meadows about midway between Fort Churchill and the mouth of Churchill River on July 24. Though shy, they seemed very solicitous and probably had young in the vicinity. gialitis semipalmata Bonap. Semipalmated Plover. First noted as we were descending Hayes River July 10. Here, on a sandy island about 25 miles above York Factory, the birds were breeding and downy young were running about. We saw a number of old birds at Beacon Point, York Factory, July 13, and six days later, on landing at a spot 50 miles farther north, found the species common. At Fort Churchill it was abundant, and we collected, on July 24, both adults and downy young. As I passed up the coast, July 30 to August 8, it continued rather common; and it was still represented, though sparingly, at the northernmost point of the trip, about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo, during my four days’ stay there (August 10 to 13). On our return trip it had evidently migrated, as we saw nothing of it. Andrew Murray recorded the species from Trout Lake and Severn House; and a specimen from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. ZEgialitis meloda circumcincta Ridgw. Belted Piping Plover. Under the name Charadrius melodus, King records a bird, probably referable to the present form, which he shot on Lake Winnipeg, near the northern end, while he was traveling between the mouth of the Sas- «Parry's Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 102, 1826. > Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 229, 1859. ¢Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. ITI, p. 55DD (1885). @ Auk, VII, p. 321, 1890. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 225, 1859. 102 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, katchewan and the outlet of the lake.* This specimen is described by Richardson in the appendix to Captain Back’s narrative.? Speci- mens referable to c/rewmeincta have since been taken on Lake Winni- peg on several occasions. Arenaria morinella (Linn.). Ruddy Turnstone. The first turnstones we met with were feeding on the beach at the ‘whale fishery,’ Fort Churchill, July 30. On August 1 we again noted the species a few miles north of Fort Churchill, and August 10 to 13 observed many small flocks about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo. On August 14 I took a specimen just after starting down the coast on my return, and from Fort Churchill to York Factory, August 21 to 26, we saw many flocks daily. Whenever the birds perceived our boat they would approach and circle about it very slowly, sometimes coming within a few yards of us. Whether they mistook the boat for a rock on which they designed to alight, or were impelled merely by curiosity, I could not tell. Under the specific name of interpres this bird has been recorded by Forster from Severn River,’ by Bell from York Factory,? and by Clarke from Fort Churchill. Swainson and Richardson say it breeds on Hudson Bay,’ as it probably does to the northward. The British Museum contains a specimen from Repulse Bay, collected by Dr. Rae. Canachites canadensis (Linn.). Hudsonian Spruce Grouse. A pair in worn breeding plumage were collected at Oxford House July 3. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River, App., p. 509, 1836. ¢ Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 412, 1772. «Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. WI, p. 68¢ (1880). ¢ Auk, VIL, p. 321, 1890. J Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 371, 1831. g Nat. Hist., II, pl. 71, female, 1747; III, pl. 118, male, 1750. Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 389, 1772. i Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 224, 1859. J Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 55DD (1885), OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 103 mens collected at Moose Factory are recorded in the catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection, and the species doubtless ranges throughout the wooded portions of Keewatin. Bonasa umbellus togata (Linn.). Canadian Ruffed Grouse. We heard grouse drumming on the Echimamish during the night of June 24, and near the south end of Oxford Lake June 30. We did not note the species again until September 8, on our return trip, when a female was taken on Knee Lake. While making a portage on Trout River, September 9, I heard a grouse drumming, and entering the thicket soon located the bird on its drumming stand, a low rock, and shot it. Within a few minutes, as I carried the dead body on my hand toward our embarking place, I noticed that its wings had become raised over the back until they were nearly in contact and were firmly fixed in that position, apparently owing to the contraction of the muscles of the wings, which had been exercised so violently. As the body cooled the wings dropped to their normal position. Near the south end of Oxford Lake, September 11, a few were seen, and near Hairy Lake, September 15, several were shot, a male and a female of which were preserved. Forster recorded the species from Albany Fort and Severn River,“ and Bell reported it rare as far north as York Factory.? Lagopus lagopus (Linn.). Willow Ptarmigan. First seen and a fine pair shot on the tundra about 50 miles north of York Factory. Specimens were also taken July 24 in the vicinity of Fort Churchill, where the species was rather common. While encamped on Churchill River, about 15 miles above Fort Churchill, early in August, Alfred E. Preble observed them in considerable num- bers. They were rather common on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August 3 to 13, where two immature specimens were secured. Forster recorded this species from Severn River,’ and Swainson and Richardson state on the authority of Hutchins that 10,000 were cap- tured in a single season at that place. James C. Ross recorded it from Port Bowen, Prince Regent Inlet, where it remained as late as November 16, and returned about the middle of March.¢ Barnston states that it arrived at Martin Falls, on Albany River, about October 20/7 and that it began to assume its summer plumage about March 20, at which time also it departed northward.’ Inthe interior of Keewatin this species regularly goes south in winter as far at least as Norway «Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 393, 1772. > Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-9, App. VI, p. 68c¢ (1880). ¢Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 390, 1772. 4¥auna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 351, 1831. eParry’s Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 99, 1826. f Edin. New Phil. Journal, XXX, p. 256, 1841. gIbid., p. 253, 1841. 104 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, House, and forms a welcome addition to the winter bill of fare at the Hudson Bay posts. Definite data are lacking regarding the southern limit of its breeding range on the west coast of Hudson Bay, but on the east coast it breeds as far south as James Bay, where Spread- borough found it nesting at a point a short distance north of Fort George. “ Lagopus rupestris (Gmel.). Rock Ptarmigan. First described by Gmelin, who based the name on Pennant’s ‘ Rock Grouse’ from Hudson Bay.’ Wedid not meet with the species, as its summer home lies to the north of the region visited. The people of Fort Churchill say it occurs at that post regularly in winter, and Clarke has recorded from there a pair in winter plumage.“ Swainson and Richardson, quoting Hutchins’s manuscript, say that the species reaches York Factory and Fort Severn in very severe winters.? J.C, Ross says that the species left Port Bowen, Prince Regent Inlet, in October and returned in March.’ Dr. Rae saw a rock ptarmigan with a brood of young near Cape Fullerton,” and specimens collected by him at Repulse Bay are recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Pedicecetes phasianellus (Linn.). Sharp-tailed Grouse. Two males in worn breeding plumage were taken at Norway House June 18, and downy young at Oxford House early in July. We did not again note the species until September 14, when we saw a pair on the upper Echimamish. It was common at Norway House September 16 to 19, and a specimen in fall plumage was taken at that point. The tracks of a large flock were seen on the sandy shore at Duck Point, Playgreen Lake, September 19. Edwards figured and described a specimen from Hudson Bay, call- ing it the ‘Long-Tailed Grous from Hudson’s Bay,’ and this figure and description formed the basis of Linneus’s description of Zetrao phasianellus. Forster recorded it from Albany Fort and Severn River,” and Murray from Trout Lake.‘ J. B. Tyrrell saw it near York Factory.’ The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection contains the record of one taken at Moose Factory in 1881. ¢Macoun, Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 206, 1900. bArct. Zool., II, p. 312, 1785. ¢ Auk, VII, p. 321, 1890. 4 Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 354, 1831. ¢Parry’s Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 99, 1826. f Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 29, 1850. g Nat. Hist., III, pl. 117, 1750. Phil. Trans., LXIJ, pp. 394, 425, 1772. i Edin. New. Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 224, 1859 j Ann. Rept. Can. Geol. Surv., 1896 (new ser.), IX, p. 165F (1897). OcroBEr, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 105 Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.). Passenger Pigeon. Forster received a specimen from Severn River.“ Swainson and Richardson, quoting Hutchins’s manuscript, say that a flock visited York Factory in 1775 and stayed two days.’ James Clark Ross relates that while he was crossing Baffin Bay July 31, 1829, on Ross’s second voyage, a passenger pigeon flew on board.“ Dr. Bell saw small flocks on the upper part of Nelson River early in September, 1878.4 Macoun records a small breeding colony found on Waterhen River, northern Manitoba, on June 23, 1881. Turner records specimens collected at Moose Factory, August 16, 1860, by C. Drexler.’ Macoun records a set of eggs taken at the same place in June, 1888, by Mr. Miles Spence,’ and Clarke records an adult pair taken at Fort Churchill many years ago.” Barnston, writing in 1840, states that the migra- tory pigeon was frequently seen during August at Martin Falls, on Albany River, but disappeared about September 10. # Zenaidura macroura (Linn.). Mourning Dove. While descending Red River from Winnipeg to West Selkirk, June 14, we saw several birds of this species. It is probable that it regularly reaches southern Keewatin. Circus hudsonius (Linn.). Marsh Hawk. We saw five marsh hawks during our trip—the first, June 13, as we were descending Red River; the next, July 13, at Beacon Point, York Factory; another, August 19, at Fort Churchill; another, August 24, below Cape Churchill, and the last, August 29, on lower Hayes River. Those observed August 19 and 24 were immature birds and were secured. Edwards figured and described this bird, which he called the ‘ Ring- tail’d Hawk,’ from a Hudson Bay specimen’ His figure and descrip- tion form the basis of Linneus’s description of Falco hudsonius. Murray recorded the species from Moose Factory and Severn River.* Accipiter velox (Wils.). Sharp-shinned Hawk. One was seen at Norway House June 19, one at Oxford House early in July, and one as we were ascending Hill River September 3. Richardson described a specimen from Moose Factory under the @Phii. Trans., LXII, p. 398, 1772. Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 363, 1831. ¢ Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xxix, 1835. @ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 70c (1880). ¢ Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 216, 1900. Ff Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 245, 1885. g Catalogue Canadian Birds, Part I, p. 217, 1900. h Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. ¢Edin. New Phil. Journ., XXX, p. 255, 1841. JNat. Hist., III, pl. 107, 1750. & Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 221 1859. 106 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, name of Aceipiter pennsylvanicus.© Fielden records one taken by Captain Markham near York Factory in August, 1886.? Accipiter cooperi (Bonap.). Cooper Hawk. A Cooper hawk darted into a flock of Canada grouse which we flushed while ascending Haves River August 30, and though it did not succeed in capturing any it terrorized them so completely that we were unable to approach them. Accipiter atricapillus (Wils.). Goshawk. Richardson gives a description of a goshawk killed at York Factory, accompanied by a figure presumably drawn from the same bird.¢ Baird recorded one collected on Nelson River,“ and Clarke an adult female collected at Fort Churchill many years ago.° Buteo borealis (Gmel.). Red-tailed Hawk. A number were seen July 8 and 9 as we descended Hill and Steel rivers, where they were undoubtedly nesting. They flew from tree to tree in advance of the canoe, with squeals of protest at our intrusion. When we were returning we saw several on Hill River September 3. Dr. Bell recorded the species from Fort Churchill./ Buteo lineatus (Gmel.). Red-shouldered Hawk. Bell recorded a specimen from York Factory, collected and pre- sented by Dr. Matthews.” Buteo swainsoni Bonap. Swainson Hawk. An adult specimen (sex not noted) in the dark plumage, collected at Moose Factory in 1881 by W. Haydon, is in the U. S. National Museum collection. Buteo platypterus (Vieill.). Broad-winged Hawk. A specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1862 by J. McKenzie is recorded by Turner.” Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmel.). Rough-legged Hawk. Two were seen at Swampy Lake September 5, swooping about over the wooded shores, evidently at play. A specimen collected early in August at Norway House was presented to us by J. K. MacDonald of that post. «Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 46, 1831. ‘Transactions Norwich Society, IV, p. 349, 1887. ¢ Fauna Boreali-Americana, IT, p. 43, 1831. Birds of North America, p. 16, 1858. eAuk, VII, p. 322, 1890. Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 67¢ (1880). gIbid., 1882-3-4, App. IT], p. 54DD (1885). hProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 244, 1885. OCTOBER, 1902. ] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 107 This species is recorded by Murray from Severn House and Trout Lake,“ and an apparently immature specimen, collected at Fort Churchill many years ago, is recorded by Clarke.’ Aquila chrysaétos (Linn.). Golden Eagle. We saw several of these birds as we were passing through Hell Gate Gorge June 28, and noticed at least two of their nests on its rocky walls. Edwards figured a specimen from Hudson Bay,’ and Linneus based his description of Fu/eo canadensis on Edwards’s figure. Sir John Franklin, who passed through Hell Gate Gorge in October, 1819, speaks of a nest of the brown fishing-eagle on one of the projecting cliffs. 2 Halizetus leucocephalus (Linn.). Bald Eagle. We were informed that white-headed eagles were occasionally seen near Fort Churchill and nested in the vicinity, and we obtained the upper mandible of one that had been killed there. Mr. Campbell, of Oxtord House, reported having seen the species near Oxford Lake. Falco islandus Briinn. White Gvrfalcon. The residents of Fort Churchill spoke of a white hawk, probably this species, which is sometimes seen there. Richardson described a mature bird from Hudson Bay;’ Murray recorded J. candicans from York Factory;“ Ridgway described a specimen from Moose Factory;7 and a specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay, is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Falco rusticolus gyrfalco (Linn.). Gyrfalcon. Forster described Falco sacer, probably identical with gyrfalco, from a specimen taken at Severn River; Bell records a specimen (as alco sacer) from York Factory;” and Clarke records two specimens from Fort Churchill.? Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.). Duck Hawk. One was seen on the Barren Grounds below Cape Eskimo about August 5. The species is recorded by Murray from Trout Lake and Severn House,‘ and by Bell from York Factory,” and also from Marbie @ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 221, 1859. > Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. ¢Nat. Hist., I, pl. 1, 1743. @¥ranklin’s Narrative of a Journey to the Polar Sea, p. 39, 1823. ¢ Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 28, 1831. J Land Birds of North America, III, p. 112, 1874. 9Phil. Trans., LXII, pp. 383, 423, 1772. Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 67¢ (1880). ?Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 271, 1859. 108 ORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Island, where an adult and two young birds were killed September 1.¢ An adult male collected at Fort Churchill many years ago is recorded by Clarke.? The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1ss1. Falco columbarius Linn. Pigeon Hawk. A pigeon hawk which was moulting from the brownish plumage to that of the more mature bird was shot at a portage on Hill River July 7. From its actions and those of its mate, which was seen with food in its talons, it was probably nesting in the vicinity, but a care- ful search failed to-locate the nest. Another bird was taken at Fort Churchill July 25, and on our return trip we saw one on Hill River September 1, and one at Oxford House September 10. Richardson deseribed a specimen shot at York Factory September 4, 1522;¢ Forster recorded the species from Severn River;?% Baird from Nelson River;* and Bell from between Norway House and Fort Churchill. “ Falco richardsoni Ridgw. Richardson Merlin. Nutting records this species from Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan, where a male was secured in the summer of 1891.9 Falco sparverius Linn. Sparrow Hawk. We saw one while descending Red River June 14, one at Sea Falls, 20 miles north of Norway House, June 23, and several while ascending Hayes and Steel rivers August 30 to September 1. On September 15 we again noted the species at Sea Falls. Baird recorded a specimen from Nelson River;* Bell reported the species at York Factory;/ and-Mearns lists a specimen from Moose Factory.” Pandion haliaétus carolinensis (Gmel.). Osprey. At Robinson Portage June 26 we saw a pair, and on the shore of- Windy Lake, June 29, another that had a nest containing good-sized young. While returning we saw one bird at York Factory August 27, one on Hill River September +, one on Trout River September 9, and a number about Windy Lake September 12. Bell reported several nesting along the Churchill and Grass rivers.” «Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 54DD (1885). > Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. ¢Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 361, 1831. @Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 382, 1772. ¢Birds of North America, p. 10, 1858. J Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 67¢ (1880). gNat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 269, 1893. h Auk, IX, p. 262, 1892. OcroBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 109 Asio wilsonianus (Less.). Long-eared Owl. Thompson, quoting Hutchins’s manuscript, says that this species was found at Severn Settlement, presumably Fort Severn, where Hutchins resided.¢ Asio accipitrinus (Pall.). Short-eared Owl. Rather common and quite generally distributed throughout the region wherever favorable ground occurs. One was seen at Beacon Point, near York Factory, July 13, and two were taken at Fort Churchill. One was seen on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August 4, and one at Oxford House September 10. Murray recorded the species from Trout Lake Station,’ and Bell from York Factory and Fort Churchill. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection contains the record of one taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Syrnium varium (Barton).? Barred Owl. Strix varius Barton, Frag. Nat. Hist. Penna., p. 11, 1799. Syrnium nebulosum authors (not Stri nebulosa Forster, Phil. Trans., LXII, pp. 386, 424, 1772, which is based on the great gray owl. Several specimens of the barred owl taken at Moose Factory are recorded in the catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum. Nutting records the species from Chemawawin, Saskatchewan.° Scotiaptex nebulosum (Forst.). Great Gray Owl. Strix nebulosa Forst., Trans. Phil. Soc. London, LXNIJ, pp. 386, 424, 1772. (Severn River.) Strix cinerea Gmel., Systema Nature, I, p. 291, 1788; and of authors. Forster based the name Str/x nebulosa on a specimen of the grear gray owl sent by Mr. Graham from Severn River, Hudson Bay.’ His description, in part, is as follows: Strix capite levi, corpore fusco, albido undulatim striatu, remige sexto longiore apice, nigricante. Description.—Rostrum fusco flavum, mandibula superius magis flava. Oculi magna iridibus flavis. * * * Pectus albidum maculis longitudinalibus transversisque fuscis. Abdomen album superius uti pectus maculis longitudinalibus sed inferius striis trans- versis notatum. Latitudo pedum quattuor. «Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 540, 1890. + Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859. ¢Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 67c (1880). 4 Strix nebulosa Forster plainly having been based on the great gray owl, the name Strix varius Barton seems to be the next name available for the barred owl The barred owls will, therefore, stand as follows: Syrnium varium (Barton), Frag. Nat. Hist. Penna., p. 11, 1799. Syrnium varium alleni (Ridgw.), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., III, p. 8, March, 1880. Syrnium varium helveolum (Bangs), Auk, XVIII, p. 299, 1901. éNat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 270, 1893. f The fact that Forster’s description of Strix nebulosa refers to the great gray owl was brought to my attention by Mr. R. Ridgway. 110 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Blakiston received two specimens from York Factory,’ and Turner has recorded the species from Moose Factory, where a specimen was collected by J. McKenzie.? Seton records it as resident in the woods about Lake Winnipeg.° Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni (Bonap.). Richardson Owl. A specimen collected at Repulse Bay by Dr. Rae is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Fielden records the species from near York Factory, where it was obtained by Captain Markham in 1886.7 It probably occurs throughout the Hudson Bay region. Nyctala acadica (Gmel.). Saw-whet Owl. Strix passerina, recorded by Forster from Hudson Bay, probably from Severn River,’ is in all likelihood referable to this species. Turner recorded a specimen, which is still in the National Museum, collected at Moose Factory by J. McKenzie.” Megascops asio (Linn.). Screech Owl. George Barnston, writing in 1840, mentions ‘‘The small owl (Scops)” as being heard in April at Martin Falls, Albany River.’ Bubo virginianus arcticus (Swains.). Arctic Horned Owl. The characteristic notes of the great horned owl were heard during the night of September 11, while we were encamped near the south end of Oxford Lake, September 13 at Robinson Portage, and the next day on the Echimamish. The catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum collection records two specimens of the great horned owl collected at Moose Factory by J. McKenzie. One of these has been examined and is réferable to this form. Clarke recorded a specimen probably referable to this form collected many years ago at Fort Churchill.7 Fielden records a fine specimen obtained near York Factory in 1886 by Captain Markham.? Nyctea nyctea (Linn.). Snowy Owl. We did not meet with this species but saw wings at several posts, and learned from a young man at Fort Churchill that he had seen a snowy owl late in July. Forster early recorded it from Churchill River,’ and the reports of @ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., V, p. 50, 1863. > Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 243, 1885. ¢ Auk, III, p. 155, 1886. @ Transactions Norwich Society, IV, p. 349, 1887. é Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 385, 1772. f Edin. New. Phil. Journ., XXX, p. 253, 1841. g Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 111 various Arctic expeditions uote its occurrence at several points to the north and northwest of Hudson Bay. Its presence throughout the region in winter is attested by various observers. Surnia ulula caparoch (Mill.). Hawk Owl. . ‘The Little Hawk Owl’¢ of Edwards, from Hudson Bay, formed the basis of Miiller’s Strix caparoch. Forster recorded the hawk owl, under the name Stria funerea, from Severn and Churchill rivers;? Murray received it from Trout Lake and Severn House;* Swainson and Richardson mention a specimen from York Factory;@ and one col- lected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. The catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken by Walton Haydon at Moose Factory in 1881. Ceryle aleyon (Linn.). Belted Kingfisher. We found the belted kingfisher common throughout the region between Norway House and Oxford House. A large clay bank on the shore of Oxford Lake near Oxford House, which we passed June 30, was perforated by the nesting holes of a numerous colony of bank swallows. In this bank were also several larger holes, which were probably those of kingfishers, judging from the anxiety mani- fested by at least four pairs of kingfishers that were flying about. During our return trip we saw several kingfishers on Steel and Hill rivers early in September, on Trout River September 9, and on the Echimamish September 14. Clarke recorded an adult male from Fort Churchill,’ and several have reported the species from York Factory. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Dryobates villosus leucomelas (Bodd.). Northern Hairy Woodpecker. Forster recorded vdlosus from Severn River,’ and Bell reported it from York Factory,’ both probably referring to the present form. An adult male of this species from Fort Churchill is recorded by Clarke.’ It is likely the bird ranges throughout the wooded portion of the region. Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swains.). Downy Woodpecker. A specimen collected at Moose Factory by Walton Haydon is in the U.S. National Museum. The downy woodpecker undoubtedly ranges throughout southern Keewatin. @Nat. Hist., II, pl. 62, 1747. (See Stejneger, Auk, I, p. 362, 1884.) b Phil. Trans., LXIT, p. 385, 1772. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 221, 1859. 4 Fauna Boreali-Americana, II, p. 94, 1831. e Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. J Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 388, 1772. 9 Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 54DD (1885). 112 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, - Picoides arcticus (Swains.). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. We collected two males in a tract of burnt spruce woods at Norway House June 19, and while ascending Hayes River August 30 saw another in spruce woods. Baird recorded a pair from Hudson Bay obtained from John Gould.4 Fielden recorded a specimen obtained near York Factory in August, 1886.2. The catalogue of birds in the United States National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Picoides americanus Brehm. Striped-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. Forster recorded this species from Severn River;* Murray received one from Severn House;” Baird recorded a male from Hudson Bay,¢ supposed to be the one figured by Audubon, and Clarke recorded several adults of both sexes collected at Fort Churchill many years agos Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. An adult female collected at Fort Churchill more than fifty years ago is recorded hy Clarke.’ The U. 8. National Museum collection con- tains a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Ceophleus pileatus abieticola Bangs. Northern Pileated Woodpecker. Thompson, quoting Hutchins’s manuscript, reported this species from Albany River,” Baird recorded a specimen from Nelson River,’ and the catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection records four specimens collected at Moose Factory in 1862. Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs. Northern Flicker. We found flickers rather common throughout the region between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay, and saw several at Fort Churchill July 25. Forster recorded this species from Albany Fort;/ Murray from Trout Lake and Hudson Bay;* and others have recorded it from dif- ferent points in the region covered by our observations. The cata- Jogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. «Birds of North America, p. 98, 1858. » Transactions Norwich Society, IV, p. 348, 1887. ¢Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 388 (P. tridactylus), 1772. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 223 (4. tridactylus), 1859. «Birds of North America, p. 100, 1858. f Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. gIbid., p. 322, 1890. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 551, 1890. ‘Birds of North America, p. 107, 1858. JPhil. Trans., LXII, p. 387, 1772. * Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 223, 1859. OcroseER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 113 Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.). Whip-poor-will. Bell says: *‘The Whippoorwill was not seen nor heard north of Norway House,”” implying its occurrence at that point. Bendire, probably referring to the same record, says: ‘‘ As far as I have been able to ascertain, this species reaches the extreme northern limits of its range on the north shore of Lake Winnipeg, near Norway House.? The species probably occurs regularly in extreme southern Keewatin. Chordeiles virginianus (Gmel.). Night-hawk. Rather common at Norway House June 17 to 23, and several seen at Robinson Portage June 27, Oxford Lake June 30, and about the shores of Knee Lake July 5. They scemed to frequent entirely the districts which had been swept by fire. As we saw none on our return early in September, they had undoubtedly migrated by that time. Murray recorded the species from Trout Lake,’ Bell reported it from York Factory.” and a specimen collected years ago at Fort Churchill is recorded by Clarke.” Edward Sabine recorded one that was picked up dead on Melville Island.’ The catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum collection contains the record of a speci- men taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Muscivora forficata (Gmel.). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Bell recorded a ‘‘ specimen of J/¢/oulus forficatus in the Govern- ment Museum shot at York Factory in the summer of 1880.°% The species has also been reported from Manitoba.’ It evidently occurs only as a rare straggler. Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.). Kingbird. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection records a specimen collected at Moose Factory July 11, 1881, by Wal- ton Haydon. Nutting found the species abundant at Grand Rapids, at the mouth of the Saskatchewan.” It should occur regularly in southern Keewatin. Sayornis phebe (Lath.). Phcebe. A pair had a nest beneath the wharf at Norway House, and several more nests were observed on June 28 as we were passing through Hell Gate Gorge. They were placed on the face of clitfs overhanging the water, and contained young nearly ready to fly. Though the bird “Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VJ, p. 68¢ (1880). + Life Hist. N. A. Birds (U. 8. Nat. Mus. Special Bull. 3), p. 146, 1895 (1896). ¢Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859. @ Auk, VI, p. 322, 1890. ¢ Suppl. to Appendix, Parry’s First Voyage, p. cxciv, 1824. J Proc. Royal Soc. Canada, 1882, I, Sec. IV, p. 52, (1883). gSeton, Auk, II, p. 218, 1885. A’Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 271, 1893. 7165—No. 22-8 114 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, should occur throughout southern Keewatin, I find no published rec- ords of its occurrence in the Province. Contopus borealis (Swains.). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Observed but once, on July 4, ina swamp bordering Trout River, between Oxford House and Knee Lake. The bird was perched ona tall dead tree. uttering at intervals its characteristic note. Murray recorded the species from Hudson Bay.“ Empidonax trailli alnorum Brewst. Alder Flycatcher. Flycatchers referred to a/nomnn were several times observed by us at Norway House, and while we were ascending the Echimamish. but various causes, including their extremely wary habits, conspired to prevent their collection. Empidonax minimus Baird. Least. Flycatcher. A nest containing well-incubated eggs was collected near the south end of Oxford Lake on the morning of June 30. The female parent was secured at the same time. J have compared this bird with most of the specimens in the large series in the U. 8. National Museum collection, and it proves to have a smaller bill than any of them. Turner recorded a specimen collected by C. Drexler at Moose Factory.’ Otocoris alpestris (Linn.). Horned Lark. An adult male horned Jark, collected at Moose Factory June 18, 1863, and now in the U. 8. National Museum collection, has been sev- eral times recorded. This specimen proves, on examination, to be referable to the typical form. Otocoris alpestris hoyti Bishop. Hoyt Horned Lark. We first met with this form on the ‘Barrens’ about 50 miles north of York Factory July 19, and found it common from there north as far as we went, especially at Fort Churchill, where adult birds and a young one not long from the nest were taken July 24 to 26. A speci- men was collected 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo August +. During our return we saw many horned larks on the clearing at Norway House, September 16 to 19, feeding in company with Lapland long- spurs. > Bishop has recorded specimens of this form from Depot Island, ‘Hudson Strait’ [Hudson Bay].* J.C. Ross took a specimen near Felix Harbor, Boothia.” Richardson recorded a specimen taken July 10, @Kdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p: 223, 1859. » Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 242, 1885. ¢ Auk, XIII, p. 132, 1896. ¢ Appendix to Rogss’s Second Voyage, p. xxvi, 1835. OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 115 1822, near Cape Wilson, Melville Peninsula; and Murray received specimens from York Factory and Severn House.’ Forster recorded horned larks from Albany Fort,’ but in the absence of specimens, it is impossible to decide whether «/pestr/s or hoyti is referred to. Pica pica hudsonia (Sab.). Magpie. Forster recorded the magpie from Albany Fort under the name Corvus pica.” Thompson, quoting Hutchins’s manuscript, says that one was caught in a marten trap at York Factory;* and Joseph Sabine, who described Jidson/a from Cumberland House, speaks of having had a specimen from Hudson Bay in his possession some time before.’ Fielden records a specimen procured at York Factory.” Cyanocitta cristata (Linn.). Blue Jay. Several were seen in the groves of Querens macrocurpa at West Selkirk on the morning of September 22. According to Chamberlain, the species has been taken at Moose Factory.” Russell records it from Grand Rapids.’ Perisoreus canadensis (Linn.). Canada Jay. This species was reported about Norway House, and was seen nearly every day on our journey between there and York Factory. Speci- mens were collected on the Echimamish, at Oxford House, and at York Factory; and Alfred E. Preble saw several near Fort Churchill. Murray recorded the species from Severn House, and Clarke an adult from Fort Churchill. The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Fac- tory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Corvus corax principalis Ridgw. Northern Raven. We saw several between Robinson Portage and Pine Lake June 28, and while descending Hill River July $ noticed a pair flying about the face of a high clay bank. Except for one seen at Fort Churchill July 30, we did not again note the species. James Clark Ross speaks of a pair which wintered at Port Bowen, Prince Regent Inlet.’ Bell reported this species as breeding through- « Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 343, 1825 (1827). > Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 398, 1859. ¢ Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 398, 1772. TThid., p. 387, 1772. ¢ Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 565, 1890. Jf Franklin’s Narrative of a Journey to the Polar Sea, Appendix, p. 671, 1823. 9 Transactions Norwich Society, IV, p. 348, 1887. + Catalogue Canadian Birds, p. 75, 1887. 7 Explorations in the Far North, p. 264, 1898. Jj Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859. k Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. ’Parry’s Third Voyage, Appendix, p. 97, 1826. 116 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, out the region between Norway House and Forts Churchill and York.¢ Corvus americanus Aud. Crow. A few seen about Lake Winnipeg and Norway House, and small numbers noted nearly every day between Norway House and York Factory. They were rather common at York Factory July 10 to 17. A few were seen about the mouth of Churchill River July 30, and another was noted 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo on the morning of August 14. On our return trip they were several times met with. Murray recorded the crow from Trout Lake and Hudson Bay.’ Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonap.). Yellow-headed Blackbird. Recorded by Murray from Hudson Bay.“ Nutting found it breed- ing abundantly at Chemawawin, Saskatchewan. Agelaius pheniceus (I.inn.). Red-winged Blackbird. Common in the Red River Valley, and abundant about the marshes below Robinson Portage, where two specimens were collected June 27. A number were seen near Oxford House July 4,in the marsh between Oxford and Back Lakes. _ Recorded by Murray from Hudson Bay.? Sturnella magna neglecta (Aud.). Western Meadowlark. A number seen along Red River between Winnipeg and West Selkirk June 14. Specimens procured at Winnipeg have been exam- ined and prove referable to this form. Icterus galbula (Linn.). Baltimore Oriole. One seen flying across Red River, about midway between Winnipeg and West Selkirk, June 14. Bell records a specimen from York Factory, collected and presented by Dr. Matthews.¢ Scolecophagus carolinus (Miill.). Rusty Blackbird. Several seen and a female taken June 25, near the head of the Echimamish, where they were undoubtedly breeding. One was taken from a large flock at Fort Churchill July 26. While encamped on Churchill River, about 15 miles above Fort Churchill, Alfred E. Preble found the species abundant, and took several specimens August 8. We found the species common as we ascended Hill River September 3 to 5, and saw several between Oxford and Windy lakes September 12. It was very common along the Echimamish September 14 and 15. “Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Sury., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 67c (1880). >bEdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859. eTbid., p. 222, 1859. dNat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 274, 1893. ¢ Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-38-4, App. III, p.54DD (1885). OcroBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 117 Forster recorded it from Severn River,“ his record being probably the earliest notice of the bird, which was then undescribed. Murray received specimens from Severn House and Trout Lake,’ and Bell reported it from York Factory.° The catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection contains the record of specimens taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Scolecophagus eyanocephalus (Wagl.). Brewer Blackbird. Common in the Red River Valley, between Winnipeg and West Sel- kirk, June 14. Nutting records this species and 8. evro//nus from the lower Saskatchewan, where both apparently breed.? Quiscalus quiscula eneus (Ridgw.). Bronzed Grackle. Several seen near Sea Falls and on the lower Echimamish June 24; rather common June 26 and 27 at Robinson Portage, where two speci- mens were collected; common at Oxford House June 30 to July 4; and a single bird seen on upper Hill River July 7. On the return trip several were seen on Trout River, near Oxtord House, September 9. Bell reported Y. purpurens from York Factory,“ and Clarke recorded an adult male from Fort Churchill, collected many years ago.* The catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Coccothraustes vespertinus (Coop.). Evening Grosbeak. Thompson, on the authority cf R. H. Hunter, reports that this species was seen in autumn, winter, and early spring at Big Island,, Lake Winnipeg.’ Pinicola enucleator leucura (Miill.). Pine Grosbeak. A male was seen perched on a tree overhanging Hill River, near the mouth of Fox River, July 8. The species was reported to us by the residents of Fort Churchill. Edwards figured a pair of these birds brought from Hudson Bay by Mr. Isham, who informed him that they wintered there.” Forster recorded it from Severn Rivers” Murray recorded it from Severn House;? Bell reported that it was frequently seen on the Churchill in the latter part of July;/ Clarke recorded adults of both sexes, collected @Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 400, 1772. ’Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser. ), LX, p. 223, 1859. ¢Rept. Prog. Can. Geo. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 68¢ (1880). 4 Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, I, p. 274, 1893. e Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. f Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 584, 1890. g Nat. Hist., ITI, pls. 123 and 124, 1750. hPhil. Trans., LXII, p. 402, 1772. i Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 70¢ (1880). 118 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, at Fort Churchill many years ago;“ and Fielden recorded « specimen obtained near York Factory in 1886.? The catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Carpodacus purpureus (Gmel.). Purple Finch. The song of the purple finch was several times heard early on the morning of June 16 at Bull Head Point, Lake Winnipeg, where the steamer stopped for wood. Turner recorded the species from Moose Factory,’ and Walton Hay- don collected specimens there in 1881. Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm). Red Crossbill. A small flock was seen at our camp on the Mchimamish June 25. Forster recorded two specimens of ‘Loire curn/rostra? from Severn River.?@ Loxia leucoptera Gmel. White-winged Crossbill. Murray received this species from Hudson Bay, Severn House, and Trout Lake;° Baird recorded a specimen in the U.S. National Museum from Nelson River;” and adults of both sexes from Fort Churchill were recorded by Clarke.“ Acanthis hornemanni (Holb.). Greenland Redpoll. Clarke recorded two adults collected many years ago at Fort Church- ill.¢ Murray's record of Z/nota borealis from Severn House may be referable to the present form or to ea/l/pes. ¢ Acanthis hornemanni exilipes (Coues). Hoary Redpoll. Three specimens from York Factory and one from Fort Churchill, collected in July, are referable to this form. Acanthis linaria (Linn.). Redpoll. Eight specimens, including one in juvenal plumage, were collected July 12 to 16 at York Factory, where the birds were abundant, and a very bright male was taken at Fort Churchill July 23. Forster recorded this species from Severn River.’ Acanthis linaria holbelli (Brehm). Holbcell Redpoll. A specimen (No. $9311) taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon, and now in the U. 8. National Museum collection, seems to be a typical example of this form. « Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. > Transactions Norwich Society, IV, p. 348, 1887. ¢Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 239, 1885. @Phil. Trans., LXI, p. 402, 1772. e Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), UX, p. 223, 1859. f Birds of North America, p. 428, 1858. g Phil. Trans., LNII, p. 405, 1772. OcroBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 119 Spinus pinus (Wils.). Pine Siskin. Nutting records the pine siskin from Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan, where two specimens were taken.“ It probably occurs throughout southern Keewatin, but I tind no published records. Passerina nivalis (Linn.). Snowtlake. Edwards figured the *Snow-Bird from Hudson’s-Bay,’? and on this figure Linneus partially based his description of Huiheniza nivalis, Forster recorded migrants from Severn River;* Richardson says the species breeds on Melville Peninsula,” and records it as usually arriv- ing at Fort Churchill from March 26 to April 6, and being very rarely seen in midwinter; Dr. Rae saw young near Neville Bay;’ Swainson and Richardson speak of its breeding about Chesterfield Inlet;” Murray received specimens from Hudson Bay, Severn House, and Trout Lake;% Bell reported it from York Factory;” Clarke from Fort Churchill;* the British Museum Catalogue has a record of one collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay; and the catalogue of birds in the U. 5. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 hy Walton Haydon. Calearius lapponicus (Linn.). Lapland Longspur. Rather common 10 miles north of Fort Churchill, on the shores of Button Bay, where an immature bird was taken July 31. Abundant on the Barren Grounds south of Cape Eskimo August + to 18, at which time the old birds were moulting and were almost invariably destitute of tail feathers. They were seen in great numbers near Hubbart Point August 17, and were common at Norway House Sep- tember 19, where one was secured. At the latter point they were feed- ing in company with horned larks. Forster recorded the species from Severn River;/ Murray received specimens from Trout Lake and Severn House;% Clarke recorded adults and young collected at Fort Churchill;’ and two specimens col- lected at Repulse Bay by Dr. Rae are mentioned in the British Museum Catalogue. The catalogue of birds in the U. 5. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in Lss81 by Walton Haydon. @Nat: Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, I, p. 275, 1893. oNat. Hist., III, pl. 126, 1750. ¢Phil. Trans., LNII, p. 403, 1772. @ Appendix to Parry’s Second Voyage, p. 344, 1825 (1827). é Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 24, 1850. J Fauna Boreali-Americana, IT, p. 246, 1831, g Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IN, p. 222, 1859. Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 68¢ (1880). i Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. JPhil. Trans., LXII, p. 404, 1772 120 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Calcarius pictus (Swains.). Smith Longspur. Rather common on the meadows at Fort Churchill July 23 to 30. They were quite tame, but were hard to see on the mossy hillocks, their coloring rendering them very inconspicuous. Often the first intimation I had of their proximity was their note, consisting of several sharp chips uttered in rapid succession. Three adult males anda young male just from the nest were taken. The voung male, which was secured July 24, may he described as follows: Back dusky, the feathers edged with deep buff and whitish; feathers of head and neck dusky, mostly edged with buff, collar of adult being indicated by white edgines; wing quills strongly edged with brown, coverts tipped with white; lower parts buffy, about as in adults, chest conspicuously streaked with black, and sides marked with obscure spots of dusky; white markings of head plainly indicated. Murray recorded specimens from Severn House;“ and a specimen collected hy Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. Poecetes gramineus (Gmel.). Vesper Sparrow. Nutting reports the vesper sparrow common at Grand Rapids, Sas- katchewan, where specimens were taken in the summer of 1891. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna (Wils.). Savanna Sparrow. Common throughout the region wherever suitable ground occurred, especially in the vicinity of the posts. At Norway House June 22 we found young just beginning to fly, and took several specimens of these and the old birds. We collected other specimens at Oxford House June 30 to July 4, and at York Factory, where they were especially common on the marsh at Beacon Point. We collected two more at Fort Churchill and two in the juvenal plumage at my camp 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo August 4 to 8. The last were taken in traps set for voles. The catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Ammodramus bairdi (Aud.). Baird Sparrow. Nutting records a specimen taken at Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan, in the summer of 1891." Zonotrichia querula (Nutt.). Harris Sparrow. A number of specimens, including adults of both sexes and young just from the nest, were collected, July 23 to 80, at Fort Churchill, where the birds were rather common. They frequent the seattered patches of «Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 223, 1859. oNat. Hist. Bull. Uniy. Iowa, II, p. 275, 1893 cIbid., p. 275, 1893. OcroBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 121 dwarfed spruce that grow in the small valleys and ravines intersecting the extensive expanse of precipitous ledges along Churchill River in the vicinity of the post. They undoubtedly nest among these spruces, but no nests attributable to the species were found. We heard no song, but they had a loud metallic chip which was audible and easily recognized at a distance of several reds. Young just from the nest, taken July 24and 25, may be thus described: Upperparts dusky black, the feathers edged with deep buffy and brown, the black predominat- ing on crown, the brown on hind neck, and the black and brown about equally divided on back: outer wing quills edged with deep buffy, inner with brown; tail feathers edged and tipped with whitish; sides of head and lower parts buffy; chest and side streaked with black, which is most conspicuous on sides of chest and forms a promi- nent malar stripe; upper throat grayish white, with fine dusky markings. Several were seen in a thicket bordering upper Hayes River August 30, and the species was rather common in a fire-swept tract between Robinson Portage and the Echimamish September 14. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.). White-crowned Sparrow. First seen at York Factory. where it was abundant and where a small series, including adwts of both sexes and young birds not long from the nest, was taken July 12 to 14. About the post at Fort Churchill it was extremely abundant July 23 to 30, but after passing that point we saw no more of it until we had repassed the post on our return and were ascending Hayes River August 30, when we observed a number in a thicket bordering the river. This species was first described by Forster from Severn River, Hudson Bay. He also received it from Albany Fort, where it was said to breed;“ and Murray received it from Severn House.’ It prob- ably breeds throughout the northern wooded portions of Keewatin, being confined mainly to the Hudsonian zone. Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmel.). White-throated Sparrow. Abundant throughout the region between Norway House and York Factory. It was especially numerous in the extensive tracts which had been devastated by fire, where its simple but beautiful song lent a charm to the gloomy surroundings. A few were noted, one of which was collected, at York Factory in July; and on our return trip a few were seen at Oxford Lake September 11. Murray reported the species from Hudson Bay,’ and Clarke recorded an adult pair from Fort Churchill.“ It was taken at Moose Factory @Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 403, 426, 1772. b Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), EX, p. 223, 1859 ¢Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. 122 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, in 18St by Walton Haydon. Its breeding range in Keewatin is probably nearly co-extensive with the forest, though it is rare in that part that lies in the Hudsonian zone. Spizella monticola (Gmel.). Tree Sparrow. First seen at York Factory, where the species was rather common and a voung bird not long from the nest was taken July 12. It was abundant at Fort Churchill July 24+ to 30, and we took a series at that point. Many were noted on the Barren Grounds, 50 miles south of Cape Eskimo, August 4 to s. On our return trip several were seen at Duck Point, Plavgreen Lake, September 1). Murray received specimens from Severn House; and a specimen collected by Dr. Rae at Repulse Bay is recorded in the British Museum Catalogue. The catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum col- lection contains the record of a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1sst by Walton Haydon. Spizella socialis (Wils.). Chipping Sparrow. A few chipping sparrows were seen about the post at Norway House, one of which was collected. We also met with them about the post buildings at Oxford House, and saw one or two on an island in Knee Lake July 5. It was peculiarly pleasant to meet with this friendly little bird in these wild northern forests; and it was inter- esting to note that it showed no absence of that social trait to which its name is due, but was usually found nesting near dwellings Spizella pallida (Swains.). Clay-coiored Sparrow. Nutting records three specimens, evidently taken on the lower Saskatchewan.’ The species probably barely reaches southwestern Keewatin. Junco hyemalis (Linn.). Slate-colored Junco. A specimen was taken June 20 at Norway House, where the species was common; another was secured July 3, one of a number seen in the spruce and tamarack woods about Oxford House, and the species was again observed while we were ascending Steel River, September 1. Specimens were received from Severn River by Forster, who, sup- posing the species to be undescribed, renamed it Fidag la hudson at? Two specimens are recorded from Fort Churchill by Clarke.” Speci- mens were taken at Moose Factory in Lss1 by Walton Haydon. Melospiza melodia (Wils.). Song Sparrow. Common at Norway House and in the shrubbery about the clearing at Oxford House, and a number observed about Knee Lake July 5 «Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), EX, p. 223, 1859. Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ., Iowa, LH, p. 275, 18938. ¢Phil. Trans., LXII, pp. 406, 428, 1772. ¢Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. OctoBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 123 and 6. Not noted between Knee Lake and York Factory on our inward trip, though we found the species rather common on Hill River when we ascended it early in September. Melospiza lincolni (Aud.). Lincoln Sparrow. Rather common July 13 to 16 at York Factory, where three speci- mens were collected. Melospiza georgiana (Lath.). Swamp Sparrow. A few were seen in the shrubby woods back of the post at Oxford House, and an adult was taken July 3. At York Factory, where the species was rather common, two young, not long from the nest, were taken July 13 and 16. Passerella iliaca (Merr.). Fox Sparrow. First noticed on the afternoon of July 10, when its beautiful song was heard in the willow thickets bordering Hayes River a few miles above York Factory. While at York Factory we found fox sparrows fairly common in willow thickets, and took a pair July 16. Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linn.). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. We heard the song of this bird while descending Red River, a few miles below Winnipeg, June 14. King took one near the north end of Lake Winnipeg in the summer of 1835.4 Progne subis (Linn.). Purple Martin. Edwards figured a bird brought from Hudson Bay hy Mr. Isham, calling it the ‘Great American Martin’.? Linneeus based his descrip- tion of Arrundo sub/s on Edwards’s figure. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say). Cliff Swallow. Forster recorded a specimen sent from Severn River as ‘ Hirundo No. 35.’* This is probably the earliest notice of the species, which was not formally described until many years afterward. Baird records a specimen taken at Moose Factory May 27, 1860;” and Barnston mentions the species as arriving at Martin Falls, Albany River, by May 15.° Hirundo erythrogastra Bodd. Barn Swallow. On the morning of August 13, while I was encamped at the mouth of a river on the Barren Grounds, about 25 miles south of Cape Eskimo, a barn swallow that had evidently been following the course of the stream flew past the camp. When it reached the Bay it turned south- ward and soon disappeared from sight down the coast. «Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, II, p. 225, 1836. bNat. Hist., III, pl. 120, 1750. ¢Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 408, 1772. ad Review of American Birds, p. 290, May, 1865. e Edin. New Phil. Journ., XXX, p. 254, 1841. 124 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.). Tree Swallow. A few seen on lower Red River June 15, and two at Norway House June 19. Common between Norway House and Oxford House, and many nests observed in deserted holes of woodpeckers in trees at the water’s edge, June 23 to 30. Common also at Oxford House, and noted on Steel River July 9. On our return through their haunts early in September we saw none. The catalogue of birds in the U. 8S. National Museum collection records specimens taken at Moose Fac- tory. and the species probably ranges throughout southern Keewatin. Riparia riparia (Linn.). Bank Swallow. A small colony was found on Red River, a few miles below Winni- peg, June 14, and a large one in a high clay bank on the shore of Oxford Lake, near Oxford House, June 30. Several colonies were seen July 10 on Hayes River, a few miles above York Factory. The catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Ampelis garrulus Linn. Bohemian Waxwing. Three were observed by Alfred E. Preble in the stunted spruce woods near Fort Churchill July 25. Tyrrell speaks of seeing a flock ‘tin a grove of birch trees near the shore of Theitaga Lake, on their breeding grounds.”“ This lake is situated about 300 miles slightly north of west of Fort Churchill. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.). Cedar Waxwing. Recorded hy Baird from Moose Factory, where it was collected by Drexler August 26, 1860.2 Walton Haydon took specimens at the same place in 1881. Nutting found it breeding abundantly at Grand Rapids and Chemawawin, Saskatchewan.¢ Lanius borealis Vieill. Northern Shrike. Two specimens were taken at Fort Churchill, where the birds were rather common July 23 to 80, and one was taken and another noted near Painted Stone Portage September 14. Forster recorded Lan/us ercubitor, referring to the present species, from Severn River;” Murray received specimens from Trout Lake and Severn House;’ and Bell reported it from York Factory.’ The species was collected at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Vireo olivaceus (Linn.). Red-eyed Vireo. Abundant about Lake Winnipeg, at Norway House, and between Norway House and Oxford House. In the vicinity of Oxford House « Ann. Rept. Can. Geol. Surv., 1896 (new ser.), IX, p. 165F (1897). » Review of American Birds, p. 408, May, 1866. ¢Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 277, 1893. @Phil. Trans., LXNII, p. 386, 1772. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 223, 1859. Jf Rept. Prog. Can. Creol. Surv., 1878-79, App. VI, p. 68¢e. (1880). OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 125 its song was heard almost continually. After leaving that point we saw nothing more of the bird. Vireo philadelphicus (Cass.). Philadelphia Vireo. A peculiar vireo song heard on Hill River July 8 was probably the song of this species, but I was unable to secure the bird. Baird recorded the species from Moose Factory, where speclinens were taken June 2%, 1860, by C. Drexler.“ Walton Haydon took specimens at the same place in 1881. Vireo solitarius (Wils.). Blue-headed Vireo. - One (a male) taken at Oxford House July 3, and one heard singing in a swamp bordering Knee Lake July 5. Mniotilta varia (Linn.). Black and White Warbler. Recorded by Turner from Moose Factory, where Drexler took specimens May 13 and 31, 1860.2 Nutting reported one specimen from Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan.” Helminthophila celata (Say). Orange-crowned Warbler. One was taken in a willow thicket at York Factory July 16, and the species was again noted near Pine Lake September 13, and at Duck Point, Playgreen Lake, September 1). Helminthophila peregrina (Wils.). Tennessee Warbler. Two females taken at Oxford House July 3. The species was fairly common at York Factory, where specimens were taken July 13, 14, and 16. Baird recorded specimens from Fort George and Moose Factory, collected by C. Drexler in 1860,” and the species was taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. Dendroica tigrina (Gmel.). Cape May Warbler. Recorded by Turner from Moose Factory, where one was taken May 28, 1860, by Drexler.’ The collection of the U. 8. National Museum contains other specimens from the same place. Dendroica estiva (Gmel.). Yellow Warbler. Rather common at Norway House, Oxford House, and York Fac- tory. Specimens taken at these three points have a slightly darker crown than is usual in eastern examples, but are referable to the typ- ical form. Specimens taken at Fort Churchill many years ago are recorded by Clarke,’ and the catalogue of birds in the U. 5. National Museum col- «Review of American Birds, p. 341, May, 1866. b Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 236, 1885. eNat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 277, 1893. @ Review of American Birds, p. 179, April, 1865. e Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 237, 1885. f Auk, VIL, p. 322, 1890. 126 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, lection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in 1881 by Walton Haydon. The species probably breeds throughout the wooded por- tions of Keewatin. Dendroica coronata (Linn.). Myrtle Warbler. One was seen, in company with kinglets and chickadees, in the , spruce woods bordering Hill River, September 2. According to Turner, Drexler took the species at Moose Factory.4 Clark records specimens from Fort Churchill.’ Dendroica maculosa (Gmel.). Magnolia Warbler. One or two seen at Norway House, and one taken at Oxford House July 3. Turner recorded the species from Moose Factory,” where specimens were also taken in L831 by Walton Haydon, and the British Museum Catalogue records one collected by G. Barnston on Albany River. Dendroica castanea (Wils.). Bay-breasted Warbler. One was taken at Oxford House July 3. Turner recorded the species from Moose Factory, where it was taken June 2, 1860, hy Drexler.“ Dendroica striata (Forst.). Black-poll Warbler. At Oxford House, June 30 to July 4, they were rather common and a female was collected. On July 10 we noticed a pair in a thicket that bordered Hayes River, a few miles above York Factory, and on arriv- ing at that post we again found the birds rather common. At Fort Churchill, where they were also common, we took another specimen July 24. It proved to be a young one not long from the nest and still in the speckled plumage. This species was first described by Forster from Severn River,’ and was recorded by Murray from Trout Lake.” Dendroica blackburnie (Gmel.). Blackburnian Warbler. This species is recorded by Murray from Severn House and Trout Lake under the name Sy/nicolu pars.” Dendroica palmarum (Gmel.). Palm Warbler. One was seen on a small willow-covered island in Hill River Sep- tember 4. Clarke recorded an adult specimen from Fort Churchill.? a@Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 237, 1885. b Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. Phil. Trans., LNII, pp. 406, 428, 1772 Edin. New. Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859, to 1 OcToRER, 1902.} BIRDS OF KFEWATIN. 1 Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgw. Yellow Palm Warbler. Turner recorded a specimen taken at Moose Factory in July, 1860, by Drexler,“ and Baird records one (under the name po/inaruin) taken at Fort George, on the east coast of James Bay, in 1861.? Seiurus aurocapillus (Linn.). Oven-bird. A specimen taken at Moose Factory by Walton Haydon in the sum- mer of 1881 is recorded in the catalogue of birds in the U. S. National Museum. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (Ridgw.). Grinnell Water-Thrush. We saw our first water-thrush at Painted Stone Portage. It was close to the edge of the water and was running through the under- growth which fringed the foot of a cliff. On the afternoon of the sume day, June 26, we noted another at Robinson Portage, and on June 30 a third at Oxford Lake. When we arrived at Oxford House we found the species rather common, and from there to York Factory, as we descended the rivers, its sprightly song was heard daily. A pair seen at a portage on Hill River July 7 were feeding young just from the nest. Three specimens were taken in the marshy woods about York Factory, where the species was common July 11 to 17, and one was taken August 8 by Alfred E. Preble on Churchill River about 15 miles above Fort Churchill. These prove to be intermediate between nove- boracensis and notabilis, but nearer to notabilis. Murray received the species from Severn House.’ Geothlypis philadelphia (Wils.). Mourning Warbler. Nutting records a specimen from the lower Saskatchewan (exact locality not stated) that is apparently intermediate in characters between tolmiei and philadelphia, Wut scems nearer to tolinies.? Thompson, on the authority of Macoun, records the mourning war- bler from Waterhen River and Swan Lake,’ Manitoba, which are not far to the southward of where Nutting collected. As the species has been recorded also from various points to the southeast of Keewatin, there is little question that it breeds in the southern part of the Province. Wilsonia pusilla (Wils.). Wilson Warbler. Rather common in the undergrowth bordering a swamp at Robinson Portage June 27. Several were seen at York Factory July 10 to 17, one being taken on July 14. «@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 237, 1885. b Review of American Birds, p. 208, April, 1865. ¢ Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859. @Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 278, 1893. eProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 622, 1890. 128 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. _ (No. 22, The British Museum Catalogue records a specimen frora Hudson Bay collected by Captain Herd. A specimen taken at Moose Factory in the summer of L881 by Walton Haydon is in the U. 8. National Museum collection. Wilsonia canadensis (Linn.). Canadian Warbler. The catalogue of birds in the U. 5. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in the summer of 1881 by Walton Haydon. Nutting records the species from Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan.¢ Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.). Redstart. Baird recorded a specimen taken at Moose Factory by Drexler,’ and Thompson quotes Hutchins’s manuscript to the effect that one was shot at Fort Albany. ° Anthus pensilvanicus (Lath.). Pipit. Rather common July 24 to 30 on the rocky hills at Fort Churchill, where a pair were taken. A large flock was seen on lower Hayes River as we were ascending it August 2. Murray recorded the species from: Hudson Bay.? - Olbiorchilus hiemalis (Vicill.). Winter Wren. The catalogue of birds in the U. 8. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory hy Walton Haydon. Cistothorus stellaris (Licht.). Short-billed Marsh Wren. A male was taken in a wet meadow at Norway House June 20. From its actions it probably had a nest in the vicinity, but despite a careful search none was found. Sitta carolinensis Lath. White-breasted Nuthatch. An adult female taken at Fort Churchill many years ago is recorded by Clarke.¢ Sitta canadensis Linn. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Heard on the Echimamish June 25, and a few seen on an island in Knee Lake on the forenoon of July 5. In his narrative Dr. Rae speaks of taking one above Broad River, between York Factory and Fort Churchill” Parus atricapillus Linn. Chickadee. Baird recorded a specimen taken at Moose Factory.’ A chickadee in the U.S. National Museum that was taken at the same place by @Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, IJ, p. 279, 1893. » Review of American Birds, p. 256, May, 1865. ¢Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 624, 1890. @ Wdin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859. eAuk, VII, p. 322, 1890. J Narrative of An Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea, p. 11, 1850. 9 Review of American Birds, p. 81, July, 1864. OcroBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 1z9 Walton Haydon is referable to the eastern form. Forster recorded Parus atricapillus from Fort Albany.“ Parus atricapillus septentrionalis (Harris). Long-tailed Chickadee. One taken on the lower Echimamish June 24. Nutting reported a specimen from Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan.’ Parus hudsonicus Forst. Hudsonian Chickadee. We first met with this species on the Echimamish June 24. We noted it again at Robinson Portage three days later, and found it com- mon at Oxford House, where we secured a male July 3. We saw several on an island in Knee Lake July 5, and a number near York Factory July 13, collecting two on the latter date. On our return we saw several on Hill River September 3. The species was first described by Forster from Severn River.‘ It is recorded from Fort Churchill by Clarke,“ and from Moose Factory by Rhoads.° Regulus satrapa Licht. Golden-crowned Kinglet. One was seen on the lower Echimamish June 24. Regulus calendula (Linn.). Ruby-crowned Kinglet. I saw one at Norway House June 17 and took a specimen on the Echimamish June 24. It was common at Oxford House June 30 to July 4. One was observed as we were ascending Hill River Sep- tember 1. Forster recorded a specimen probably sent from Severn River;“ Bell recorded the species from York Factory;” and Clarke an adult from Fort Churchill. The catalogue of birds in the U.S. National Museum collection records a specimen taken at Moose Factory in the summer of 1881 by Walton Haydon. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Ridgw. Willow Thrush. The characteristic ‘veery’ call note and song were heard several times, and the singer was seen once as we floated down Red River between Winnipeg and West Selkirk June 14. None were taken, but specimens from the region seem referable to the western form. Hylocichla alicie (Baird). Gray-cheeked Thrush. Not met with until we reached York Factory, where a female and two young just from the nest were taken in a dense willow thicket Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 407, 1772. bNat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, II, p. 279, 1893. ¢Phil. Trans., LXII, p. 408, 430, 1772. d Auk, VII, p. 322, 1890. ¢ Auk, X, p. 328, 1893. Rept. Prog. Can. Geol. Surv., 1882-3-4, App. III, p. 54DD (1885). 7165—No. 22——9 180 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, July 13. The young birds may be described as follows: Back and head dark olive-brown, each feather tipped with dusky and with a longitudinal spot of brown; rump and upper tail-coverts brownish spotted with rusty; lower parts white, slightly tinged on breast and sides with buffy, each feather tipped with a dusky bar, those on breast heavily marked, the marking decreasing in size posteriorly; throat almost unmarked; cheeks grayish, spotted with dusky; wings and tail olive-brown, the wing quills lighter on outer edges. Jagain met with the species July 24 at Fort Churchill, where I saw several in stunted spruce woods. Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Cab.). Olive-backed Thrush, The song of this species was heard at Bull Head Point, Lake Win- nipeg, on the morning of June 16. The birds were rather common at Norway House, and were seen or heard daily between there and Oxford House. They were common at Oxford House, and a specimen was taken at that point. While descending the streams between Oxford House and York Factory we found them abundant; every wooded islet in the lakes seemed to be the home of a pair, and wherever we camped we heard their songs, which began soon after midnight. A nest found in a bush overhanging Jack River, between Knee and Swampy lakes, July 6, contained eggs on the point of hatching. At York Factory, where we took two specimens, the species was apparently less abun- dant, and beyond that point we did not meet with it. Baird recorded a specimen collected at Moose Factory in July, 1860, by Drexler.¢ Hylocichla guttata pallasi (Cab.). Hermit Thrush. Nutting found the hermit thrush abundant at Grand Rapids, Sas- katchewan, in the summer of 1891.2 Though it doubtless occurs in southern Keewatin, I tind no published records of such occurrence. Merula migratoria (Linn.). Robin. Found throughout the region, but seldom seen elsewhere than in the vicinity of the posts, where, however, they were rather common. Many old and young were seen at Fort Churchill during the latter part of July. On our return trip we noted the species on Hayes River August 30, Steel River August 31, Hill River September 4, and between Oxford and Windy lakes September 12. Forster recorded it from Severn River,“ and Murray from Severn House and Trout Lake.” « Review of American Birds, p. 21, June, 1864. > Nat. Hist. Bull. Univ. Iowa, IJ, p. 279, 1898. ¢ Phil. Trans., LUNI, p. 399, 1772. d Edin. New Phil. Journ. (new ser.), IX, p. 222, 1859, OcToBER, 1902.] BIRDS OF KEEWATIN. 181 Saxicola cnanthe levcorhoa (Gimel.). Greenland Wheatear. James Clark Ross recorded a specimen of Sylodu wuanthe obtained at Felix Harbor, Gulf of Boothia,“ which is probably referable to the race recently recognized by Stejneger.” The British Museum Cata- logue records from Albany River an adult male wnanthe, collected by Barnston, which is also probably referable to the Greenland race. If, is ais probable, this bird inhabits the country to the north of Hudson Bay, its most natural route of migration would seem to be along the borders of the Bay, and it is not unlikely that it is a regular breeder about the northern shores. Sialia sialis (Linn.). Bluebird. The U. 8. National Museum collection contains a specimen taken at Moose Factory in the summer of 1881 by Walton Haydon. « Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage, p. xxvi, 1835. vProc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, p. 476, 1901. BATRACHIANS OF KEEWATIN. We made a small collection of the species of frogs noted during the trip, and extended their previously recorded ranges. A gradual short- ening of the hind legs as the northern limit of the ranges of these species is approached seems to be the rule, and is evidently correlated with the shorter period of activity. In addition to this collection I include references to several species of frogs and salamanders recorded by Cope from the region about James Bay, and from the mouth of Nelson River. Rana pipiens Gmel. Leopard Frog. We noted this species at two points-—in the meadows near Norway House, where it was fairly common, and at Sea Falls, about 20 miles farther north, where we saw several individuals while we were making a portage. We collected two specimens at each place. Rana palustris Le Conte. Le Conte Leopard Frog. Cope records specimens from James Bay, collected by C. Drexler.¢ These specimens, which are preserved in the U. S. National Museum, have been re-examined in connection with this report. Rana cantabrigensis latiremis Cope. Northern Wood Frog. We collected a series of wood frogs that includes specimens from Taft's Fishery (on Great Playgreen Lake), Norway House, York Fac- -tory, and Fort Churchill. According to measurements, this series is referable to /ateremis as restricted by Howe.? Eleven well-grown specimens from Norway House average: Length of body (nose to anus) 46.3; femur (measured from central line) 19.1; tibia 19.9. Seven specimens from York Factory average: Length of body 43.9; femur 18.7; tibia 17.7. A single specimen taken at Fort Churchill measures: Length of body 50; femur 19; tibia 19. Cope records cantabrigensis from the mouth of Nelson River, and ‘from James Bay.“ The James Bay specimens have not been critically examined, and may be nearer to cantubrigensts than to latirem?s. This frog was by far the most abundant species throughout the region between Lake Winnipeg and York Factory, and many were «Batrachia of North America (Bull. 34, U. 8. Nat. Mus.), p. 409, 1889. » Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 28, No. 14, p. 373, Feb., 1899. ¢ Batrachia of North America (Bull. 34, U. 8. Nat. Mus.), p. 487, 1889. 133 134 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [No. 22, OcTOBER, 1902.} taken in our traps as well as by hand. At Fort Churchill, though frogs were reported to be frequently heard in the marshes, we were able to obtain but one specimen. This is characterized by extremely short legs, and differs further from any others collected in being heavily vermiculated on the sides with black. Most of the specimens collected have a grayish median dorsal stripe. The color from life of a York Factory specimen is as follows: Back grayish green, sparingly spotted with black, and with a greenish-white median dorsal stripe; beneath greenish white, darkest on sides. Rana septentrionalis Baird. Specimens recorded by Cope under the name Rana cantabriqensts cvittata from Moose River, Ontario, are referable to Rana septen- trivnalis, is stated by Howe.” Chorophilus septentrionalis Boulenger. Northern Chorophilus. Chorophilus septentrionalis Boulenger, Cat. Batrachia Salientia Brit. Mus., p. 335, 1882. We found this species throughout the region between Lake Win- nipeg and York Factory, and took specimens at the following localities: Taft’s Fishery (Great Playgreen Lake), 1; Norway House, 3; Oxford House, 1; York Factory, 3. These specimens appear to be referable to septentrivnalis, the type locality of which is Great Bear Lake, as the tibio-tarsal joint does not reach the tympanum when the leg is stretched forward. The fol- lowing brief description of the color was taken from a live specimen from Oxford House: Body light green above, greenish white beneath; body stripes bronzy lavender; tympanum brownish; hind legs light green above. flesh color beneath. : Amblystoma jeffersonianum platineum Cope. Cope records a specimen collected by C. Drexler on Moose River.? Chondrotus microstomus Cope. Cope records a specimen from Hudson Bay, probably from James Bay, collected by F. W. Hayden¢ (probably mistake for W. Haydon). Plethodon cinereus Green. Cope records four specimens from ‘ Hudson’s Bay Territory.’ prob- ably from the region about James Bay, collected by C. Drexler.? «Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 28, No. 14, p. 874, Feb., 1899. > Batrachia of North America (Bull. 34, U.S. Nat. Mus.), p. 94, 1889. eIbid., p. 103, 1889. @Ibid., p. 135, 1889. IN DEX. [Names of new species in bold-face type.] Page Abies balsamears ci icccceccgccauen stad acecias 13 Acanthis hornemanni..............------+- 118 hornemanni exilipes . 118 MAT Ostocteseades see 118 linaria holbeelli .. 118 Accipiter atricapillus....-..............22-- 106 COOPEMD ssn can omesataetawaegcis valeeoewae 106 PennsylVvaNnicus ss < scseseceess oexeieseness 106 VeloXes oni stescndas satan gem-cseemae sess 105-106 Acer negundo . 12, 22 Acorus calamus .- ae ld Actitis macularia._.........-. -- 99-100 ®gialitis meloda circumcincta .....-.-.- 101-102 SCMIP AMAA ¢ ccamarcciccaotensdsieae ees 101 MOCH OTS: ccisnicisrsncasatd snare sailor eiececeers 101 Agelaius phceniceus..........22-2--2------- 116 Aix sponsa .....-.. Alces americanus . Alle alle Amblystoma jeffersonianum platineum.... 134 Ammodramus bairdi -...........-.2-.2----- 120 sandwichensis savanna ........-....--. 120 Ampelis cedrorum.........--------2------- 28, 124 garrulus ..... Anas boschas.. labradoria..... 3 obscura rubripes. ....22%22esesee%eseee 83 Anser albifrons gambeli.................--- 89 LAD IIS) co se swints,Sisiaicre alotarcversicicinieGia(eiai disieaysiers 90 BER CCUIN occ sewed cages BGG o2 90 Anthus pensilvanicus. . Antrostomus vociferus ... 3 118 Aquila chrysaétos............--.- ave 07 Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis...... 106-107 Arctomys monax empetra.......-...------- 47-48 Parryil << evecs seeeews ses Heekyeoks eeses ce 46 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ......-..-...-.----- 56 Ardea herodias..........- 92 Ardetta exilis ... 91 Arenaria interpres - 102 MOTIN Ella sci. cs cececess von ce cineeciecces oe 102 Arvicola hudsonius....-...-.---.-.--....--- 58 Asio accipitrinus .............-.--------0+-+ 109 WIlsONIONUS sigs cer ccmaneeeseceseees ees 109 Aythya affinis -.. 85 americana... 85 marila....... 85 VAMISNE Tac cstutndcceesseecieaciag naeed 85 Balena mysticetus .......-.---------------- 39 Bald pate soc cccicceoccapetamsiatentdacaeeee 83 Bartramia longicauda...........-..--..-++- 99 Basswood.......-.- Bat, little brown Batrachians ......---...2.-+0s-eeeer reese PORTS edamecsn as Beaver, Canadian .. Betula glandulosa TAMA: os owerencae tay wisevetedcosen veuuaeny papyrifera 12, 18,16 BiDMORTA DI so2n5iG3GocilecalsteeeG aon smear 27-38 BNO 24 fedsdseaes miuagedeeceS ted ah dees 12 canoe. 18, 16, 23 dwarf. . 17, 20 Birds .... 75-131 BUhOIM, aishweacrubice wt cis sescrieiecieieats sivesiseoutes 91 VOASD sc staat tlewaien ebttslekwlnbenemaneeee 91 Blackbird, Brewlswiccrx sosccesiekes seesencs 117 TOd-WiNEM, wees edeeaceess aces eee eeeess 116 TUStY scceseeseees 116-117 yellow-headed ... 116 Blarina brevicauda... a 20 BIMCDIRG. cc aad catlecscaehisdadotnmmcannnend 131 BOR DOAN Getic ce aeaeaessenie quset esa semeat 17 Bonasa umbellus togata....... ...2..22.--- 103 Botaurus lentiginosus ..........22.-2..-.2+- 91 Branta bernicla .... 90 canadensis. ... 90 canadensis hutchinsi ag 90 JGUCOPSIS! vckeetevesd oiseaces tee eeenoce 91 Bubo virginianus arcticus...-. .---..-.---- 110 BUGICMOVM asc icisaian ane pgadsie sien peace 16 Buffal O- berry 22. 20.20..8 op nacccecidest sheibeetes 21 Canadian ... 16 HUME head sac cals occeeeotntesseskeeee ot 86 BuILUSh ss ceca cacwsasagserresceaames veeieanwesc 13 Buteo: bore a IS wiiceaccacaswicacenieets sesame 106 THC AHOUIS sisscichcissarsss sinielats ac clermaiandieieaewertoles platypterus . swainsoni.......-. Calearius lapponicus . DICtUS sain aides cte aaemcmeen aetaes Calla palustris Camptolaimus labradorius .............-..- Canachites canadensis -.- Canis albus ....- occidentalis 2 CANYVas-DAaCK s.cc02 25: ac eceiinse sce taececeens Caribou, Barren Ground.............. WOO ANG ceveveee ser sscceaemens reece sees Carpodacus purpureus............ seus Castor canadensis sists Ceophleus pileatus abieticola ... Cepphus mandti............... CeryleiadlCyoisccccies vencvsance se seseemeecacs Charadrius dominicus ...................--- 136 Charadrius melodus Charitonetta albeola -.. Chaulelasmus streperus . . Chen caerulescens ..... Chickadee ............. Hudsonian long-tailed ........ INDEX. Chipmunk, Lake Superior..............---- 45-46 NOVINCAStEM 25s s: cr evrcenseemwezeeesess 45 Chondrotus microstomus ..........---.----- 134 Chordeiles virginianus Chorophilus, northern...-.. 134 Chorophilus septentrionalis 134 Circus hudsonius.............2------------- 105 Cistothorus stellaris .........-.-.-.---- econ! 128. Clangula clangula americana......-...---- 85 ASTON GU CA) scx sie cies rsmrisaeeeiciecire esrameevets 86 Coccothraustes vespertinus 117 Colaptes auratus luteus..... 112 Colymbus auritus ...... 75 HOW weccesaxes oes seeeeceececestetce 75 Condylure Cristata «25 x; ven seeseestexesaceey 23, 73 Contopus borealis .. 114 COO ain cris. tiestoss ee cee eiin’ 93 Cormorant, double-crested . 81-82 Corvus americanus....-......2.2.22.2-22--- 116 corax principalis............2-.--+.-. 115-116 COLMIUS AMIETICANE c5..h200 itor icusetedesss 12 TOSELS As dcce sie ates meeiinee ene serene saeece 12 Crane, little brown. 92 WHOOPING sscakecamencenaaied eee aeeeeeaes 92 Crategus coccinea .....-.--..-.-2-0222 eee 12 Crossbill Ted) se cacctatewnsiiicaad eee eenecs 118 White-Wingeds <2 soccws sewinsiccsececkos 118 CLOW sce cecmieee 116 Crowberry, black .....-. 24 17520 Crymophilus fulicarius. -- 93-94 Cure A 5 ecaeesads exaveivaewstasaade 100 Hudsonian 100 Cyanocitta cristata 115 Cystophora cristata 70 Dafila acuta oe 84 Delphinapterus catodon..........-.2.2....- 40 Dendroica, sestiva....... 22.2.2... cece en ees 125-126 blackburMie scc0 55 cc eeisecrecccescecs castanea coronata. maculosa .. PalMBTOM snwceneds sz eeere palmarum hypochrysea striata tigrina Dicrostonyx -.....----- richardsoni. . Dove, mourning Dovekie .-........---.- Dowitcher, long-billed 95 Dryobates pubescens medianus ..........-- 11 villosus leucomelas.............22..2-2- iw Duck, harlequin Labrador ... lesser scaup. red-legged black - ruddy DUCK; SCAU ssc ds ge escceviconines seietiesess wood.. .-. Dunlin .... Ectopistes migratorius .........-- Eider, American........ king Elymus mollis... Emberiza nivalis - . ‘ Empetrum nigrum ...............----.-.... Empidonax minimus.....-....-.....-2---.-- traillialnorim:...cs.2sceccecnseaaeeseees EQuisetum < 2:02 c2ccccic oie ciecsacs cae ese Erethizon dorsatum . Ereunetes pusillus . Erignathus barbatus . Erismatura jamaicensis -.......-.....-.--.- Eutamias neglectus Evotomys gapperi . Falco columbarius hudsonius ..... ead PSV ETE AS a asosc alates bis Sid dacreeentoliinsion dines peregrinus anatum.............--..-. 1 TICHATASONA « ccconn- | KEIM BDI syeces A aeisterenissc wexsataaon das Geeta melas 113 HOMMCG jz Svorscacse seen emer aoe es 75 | Kinglet, golden-crowned.................-- 129 DICH OU CG sieserecoes se casita stadia cmtearansa es 75 ruby-crowned ......-......20-0-202eeeee 129 Grosbeak, evening .....-...-.......0.020055 117 | Kittiwake 79 TOSe- breasted vasscvvece dens deaenweaess sy 123° | IRMO fy sce sas ds sadicecwueaoudeoeniaecketens 95 DING sess etdeds toe ve vin damnines Go see 117-118 | Lagopus lagopus ...................22. 23, 103-104 Grouse, Canadian ruffed - 103 rupestris........ Hudsonian spruce .............2-2.2-- 102-103 | Lanius borealis Sharp-tailed..sso522e.cesacesseananawsews. 104 | Larix laricina ...... Grus americanus . 92.) Darl, Horm es. sewetcesscie cacccieeeess canadensis ... 92 ELOY CN OLNE 3.055 sciacerccacnaes Melson bcusie 114-115 Guillemot, Mandt 77 | Larus argentatu 79 GUN; Boma pate i. iii slices ine piace aiainis Bee 80 GEIB WETCHEG scncansaes cincesenca aseiee 79-80 PPOTUCIUIM stats, helsthad.adis alsicicereaisaisteeiems S aciee 80 fan NG joined euscertcesesena cere eemes “ 80 glaucous 79 PIAWCUS ss ve aeacicinayoete « chsdemicieas Seite 79: great black-backed .............----.--- 79 OCHS cciacccicrstdcise scan eet eset 78 POPPING: x siacs weekeacrn ce kee emene seeles, LeUGOPECHUS: ict chart vienta dreams eee dice 79 Iceland........- MATINUS 5 2ccesececiess 79 INOLY cessvenzeie philadelphia 80° ring-billed.. 80 Ross 80: Sabine edu Mycn decd staan seaeasecteatsesacenes 17 Gulo luscus. (PAlUSbre ec caseaececemeimccaninetaeeactesie 20: Gyrfalcon .. Lemming ase 19) 20,21 white BOG. ii sick Seveciers eseaemaaenseweinss 54-55 Halieetus leucocephalus.......-..--..----- 107 Died ssvassarsseevereracocanaseyvctedeess 20 Harte; AVGU¢. oncienncacueeeeeieetesces 21 Hudson Bay varying............----..- 59 Keewatin Arctic ...........-0...-2-.--- 59-61 Harelda hyemalis ..........-..--2---------- 86 | Lepargyroea canadensis .............-..---- 16, 21 Hawk, broad-winged..............2.....--- 106 | Lepus americanus..........2.......-2..---- 59 COOPER: . vias doesn sete memciioncis comes 106 arcticus Canus.............2..02-.68. 38, 59-61 ©. QUCK sncc4 venorasnysesseeceveus seeeecs 107-108. |} Life: 20neS 1. .eccsscse seis seein sa ctapicmnes 22-23 MATS sc seeecaacnss BeMemernsaebe ees 105: || Lilynponds sesscss ewasccearwiexsssunrsaceeme 13 PIBCOM ccisissiecceminm rend Scmeckeeseesess 108: | Limosa fed 0a: ciececnicin eteaccninc kseeneeces 97 red-tailed. .. 106 = 23, 97-98 VOUPHTCE RCM: a cccnue cece a suas deewcene 106 | Longspur, Lapland............-...2...- 20, 61,119 sharp-shinned -.asc:s0sccaiseeecee ceanes 105-106 Smit gccpedewasadctscetaceeecenacees 19, 120 sparrow....- ; * 108 | Lonicera glaucescens.............2..-22.055 16 Swainson . 106) | GOON cicsedsemccemusememms ce teams tercaiens 75-76 Hawthorne: encaenees verewnsocaies vewsecve 12 plack-throated 2. s.csc- sececiee oe cesses 76 : W Pacific.......... 20, 76-77 Helminthophila celata .........-.2.--2.++-- 125 Ted-throated wives ceversessesas veesseeec 20,77 POLCRTING: nanccnecstesieeeces Tediennieee 125 pellow:-billed as ccs eevee evessess exes sees 76. Helodromas ochropus ...-...-.-..-------++ 99 | Lophodytes cucullatus..............2....-. 82 GOUITAMUS Sou caccsoreredncme vase tees 99 | Loxia curvirostra minor ..............-..-- 118 Heron, great blue . 92 leucoptera : 118 Heteractites incanus .......-..-....2----.+- 99 | Lutra canadensis..............22.0-0-20005- 65 Heterocelus brevipes . . 93 | Lutreola vison lacustris ............-......- 38, 66 Hirundo erythrogastra 128: || Lynx, Canad aiscsacessscccecainnesvceaa sence 61 Histrionicus histrionicus...........-..----. 86 | Lynx canadensis ..........0..--2000eeee eens 22,61 Honeysuckle .........----. 22-022 cece eee eee 16 | Macrorhampus scolopaceus............---- 95 Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis ........ 81, | Magpie sc.cscseedesneesetesecueemecssigeasiee 115 Hylocichla alicie ...........22-..0-ee eens MaMa id: 22 .ccy5 keto conte woe Geant Seetioud 82-83 fuscescens salicicola. guttata pallasi. Maple, ash-leaved.........-.-........2-2--- 12 ustulata swainsoni Mareca americana ..........22-.02.eeeeeeee 83 Icterus galbula .......-..------+0- eee e eee Marten, Hudson Bay.........--.......-.005 68 Jaeger, long-tailed Martin, purple .........-.-2.22.-..2 222. 2e ee 123 parasitic....-.---...0- 2. eee cece eee eee Meadowlark, western ................2-..-- 116. 1388 INDEX. Page Page. Megalestris skua .........2. 22-022 e eee eee 78 | Olor columbianus ... ......-.--20--e--0--+- 91 Megascops asio....-. 110 | Oriole, Baltimore...........-----------+ee-- 116 Melospiza georgiana ae WDB" || SOSPTE Vs ccerasciostee eed se eapeense cio aie se ROAR ERE 108 Vime@OINi: jscrccieeecieng es seceneurncenseSe5 123 | Otocoris alpestris...........2.---2-2220-02-- 114 IMe]OGIN 2352 ccmemsederaes sea nee een 122 alpestris HOY ti -.2...56.:- cee see siecces 114-115 Menyanthes trifoliata ....-.............-.-- 17 | Otter, Canada ..... nde 65 Mephitis mephitis: s: .sccisciescossses vaccine 65 | Oven-bird ......... 127 Merganser ait 82 | Ovibos moschatus .-.. - 43-44 HOOd C0 a5 :osexecsansaveg 4'saceevexeseoss 82 | Owl. Arctic hornedsiccs..sccecscs see cesses 110 red-bréasted, oss. :2ssesseieua cx vs cerses 82 PAPROGcescdinsjretencte sicists meetin acales sacs 109 Merganser americanus ......-....-.2------+ 82 PICARPTAY xestecuasyesssetay sascistien 109-110 SCTRIOR to eee ec eenee eae ake pees 82 111 Merlin, Richardson 108 long-eared... - 109 Merula migratoria ....... 130 Richardson... js sees ose cemseenaaesess 110 Micropalama himantopus tick 95 SAMAWHEE hisses no cetnne nen eeee eee 110 NHCPOIMMS 3c Sant sernh sdecuoreeieaeoienlé 20 BCPECCN cian ecetae enum sauna tak Me senate 110 aphorodemus ....-.....--..---------- 38, 52-53 110-111 GUTTA ON Gil gese, canes sanes eemeesa sto 2 BESS 51-52 | Pagophila alba 79 Kan thoenathusse.cccseacscsesncetncases 58 | Pandion haliaétus carolinensis... - 108 Milfoil, water 15 | Parus atricapillus .......-....-. 128-129 Milwalus (Orient: .cscccouceedecssseaeseses 113 atricapillus septentrionalis..........--. 129 Mink, Keewatin 66 Mniotilta Varia. 128 Nyctala acadica .... 110 | Plethodon cinereus. . ~-- 134 tengmalmi richardsoni. --- 110 | Plover, belted piping... . 101-102 NN CtCa TINCheR access te Skee hsereiens Nymphea Oak, mossy cup -- Odobenus rosmarus .. Oidemia americana GEGIANGL so cacetaseseeeatawenecncos Perspicilatas. cscs scssssawsecor ces Olbiorchilus hiemalis Old-squaw Olor buccinator INDEX. 139 Page. Page Popolas emulOid6S was svenccenacs saccmene 13,16 | Scoter, white-winged................0-20eee SS Porcupine, Canada.. 2 59 | Scotiaptex nebulosum........... - 109 Porzana carolina .. z --- 92-93 | Scouring-rush .......... : 16 NOVEDOTACENSIS soc eiee cesenesaecwes vas 93 | Seal, bearded... . 70-71 POtAM OP CON = sceercmcis saantwanansceessnhates 15,17 harbor... 71 Potentilla Widen tate: ccc... esenceavanrex 14 WEIN 3 22 2.djce actus nauncihae fas oeeceeatse 70 Progne'subis. s. || ‘SOTaeeeeseesncsescewmes cess ken er 92-93, Rhodostethia rosea........--.22---22-----++- 80 | Sorex (Microsorex) alnorum ...........- 38, 72-73 PRL PAPITATA si2.21,2i5ic io. csserere csssar ein cuaieuginlesesesines 124 PECTSONAWIS oi sccetsee ee Ete ene 72 Rissa’ TIGA Cty la, oc.c0.c:0,3c120 4 saseisecesseineiessseicie 79 richardsoni. 73 RODIN scecserecaeseetn cegeauaeceeaanwsdecess 130 sphagnicola -. 73 Quercus macrocarpa -- 11,22 ]) Sparrow, Baird ... - 120 Querquedula discors..........--.--2-+----5+ S44 CHIPPING csxs ceonsnenemoretmsessseneis 122 Quiscalus quiscula seneus ....-...--....---- 117 clay-colored 122 Salix anglarum. 2. ccscsmsesaa cee wewsr cies 20 LOK sides otereteicis cig pietircisiemnca cleSinicrctnte emcees 123 phylicifolia...../ 20 TRATES ‘srsse zis ssianierseterorasass ie sisthueretergre andes 120-121 Sanderling 97 Lincoln. . wa. 108 Sandpiper, Baird 96 savanna . - 20,120 Bartramian. . 99 song... 122 buff-breasted 99 SWAMLD -ciweas cine Saar eseeeeeeemeae 123 green ........ 99 ULOG oreo e cca cing He gig eins. a eisibicigsai SiS joleielaiateinle 20, 122 Toasted -eiacceennccoccoaninnaconneanmasens 96 white-crowned ........2.2.20ceeeeeeeee 121 POCOTAl sees sosctecswciswawccewesescmus 96 white-throated .-...-.......2------.-- 121-122 PULP le siwies exceseraueeiteeeangioss ese. 95-96 | Spatula clypeata ....... 84 Teds ba CEO. os yeieweweeeee ac anae sea 96-97 | Spermophile, Hudson Bay . 46-47 semipalmated . 97 | Spermophilus parryi ...-. -. 4647 solitary... 3 99 | Sphyrapicus, Varig sssc22 cu c105 ence aesess 112 spotted .. «992100! | ‘Spintas Pinus. 2cv2eceexctaxmeceesedeveevecee 119 SU Vacaseasritentaneqceadcanbeeddiieties 95 | Spizella monticola.............--+.2-----++- 122 white-rumped 96 PALMA s