Cornell University Library PS 3503.U75M4 The i il of iil derived from his i WUT AL 24 020 765 107 ll CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 By HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE DATE DUE THE MAXIMS OF NOAH Re IAF ATTA T UO I Deo RHONA SN = or ON TT Bets Der acene te } i BT AA ote dor des EOS UN PA el a log Poe DONS ie Lar ASH gle a NS NOAH COUNSELLETH JAPHET ON THE ARK. THE MAXIMS OLR INGO A H Derived from his Experience with Women Both Before and After the Flood as Given in Counsel to His Son Japhet BY GELETT BURGESS Author of “The Maxims of Methuselah,” “Are You a Bromide?” “Goops,” etc. With Illustrations and Designs by Louis D. Fancher NEW YORK FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY PUBLISHERS Copyright, 1911 By The Ess Ess Publishing Co. Copyright, 1913 By The Phillips Publishing Co. Copyright, 1913 By The Star Company Copyright, 1913 By Gelett Burgess LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Noah counselleth Japhet on the Ark . . . . Frontispiece The Lesson of the Waiter. Choosing the Kissable Coreteees Mirect ar Facing Page 32 Wiles of a Subtile Virgin . . . . . . . Facing Page 54 Noah's; Maprof loves = 49a 4 = = . = 5 acing Pagess ‘‘Ban Iluma, za lomea ghoop; tio en dopeb; Ban ilo, gups amoboz. Hugfero el ban Coomu frozut edjo, cro but anto, Ductu grum elato—hubuzomturzug!”’ Sntroduction OAH, the grandson of Methu- selah, was quite as remarkable a man as his elderly ancestor, and was equally renowned for his wis- dom and virtue. Even in the matter of age, wherein Methuselah became famous, Noah was not far behind. He lived only nineteen years less than Methu- selah, dying at the age of nine hundred and fifty. He had, moreover, distinctly human characteristics that made him one of the most lovable of the ancient patriarchs. The Book of Genesis gives but a scant account of his personality. He stands there merely as an instrument of the wrath of God, the futile prophet of the flood, of which he becomes the hero. i i Y a | 4 B i 3 B a INTRODUCTION The Bible, indeed, touches lightly upon his weakness in the matter of drink (a fault that has endeared him to our hearts more than his many years of sobriety), but it gives no adequate picture of this celebrated man. To obtain a larger view of his charac- ter, therefore, we must turn to other Hebraic writings. The Talmud, the Midrashian literature, the Book of Jasher and other Semitic sources are more generous in their treatment of our hero. There the narrative is picturesque and dramatic—at times even pleasantly humorous. We see Noah truly as a human being, in the midst of his joys and cares. His was no ordinary expe- rience; his life held large responsibilities. He was the executive head for a while of the whole living world. Let us, then, in the light of these primitive Jewish legends, reconstruct the Father of Man- kind and trace the story of his life. From the first we shall find him extra- INTRODUCTION ordinary. His birth marked the begin- ning of a new epoch. His father Lamech, a somewhat shal- low man, with little of the rigid austerity of his ancestors, had married a wife— Ashmua, daughter of Elishua, son of Enoch—secured for him by his father Methuselah. She bore him a man-child. This son was like no boy ever before seen. The body of the babe was white as snow, and red as a blooming rose, and the hair of his head and his long locks were white as wool, and his eyes bright as the rays of the sun.! No wonder that his father was afraid of him, and fled to Acs father, saying, “I have begotten a strange son!”? Methu- selah himself was so puzzled that he decided to call upon the fount of primi- tive human wisdom, the patriarch Enoch, the hermit, who, as the pious reader of course knows, some sixty-nine years 1! Book of Enoch, chap. cvi. 2 Book of Enoch, chap. cvi. Fata St INTRODU CTION previous, had been taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire. Methuselah immediately went upon this errand, travelling to the end of the earth, where he called upon his father. Enoch appeared to him and explained the portent, prophesying the Flood which should destroy the whole world and its inhabitants with the exception of the new-born child and his offspring. He directed that the boy should be named Noah, “for he would cause the earth to rejoice, in compensation for all destruction.’ But this was not all, The translated patriarch gave good news as well as bad concerning the son of Lamech. This concerned the primal curse upon man- kind called down from on high by reason of Adam’s fall. Biblical students will, no doubt, recall that Adam was originally given domin- ion over all the earth and its inhabitants 1 Book of Enoch, chap. cvii. INTRODUCTION (Gen, 1:26). When the sinful pair was driven from Paradise, however, this blessing was revoked.t| From that time till the birth of Noah (about one thou- sand and fifty six years, to be precise), agriculture had been practically impos- sible. Little but thorns and _ thistles would grow. If a man sowed wheat, wild oats would spring up. The cow refused to obey the ploughman, and the furrow itself would not go straight. Not only was the earth intractable, but the sea, also, acted in a disorderly way, trans- gressing its bounds daily, at morn and eve, not even respecting the graves of the dead. It was Noah’s extraordinary destiny to remedy this unhappy state of affairs. When Jehovah said to Adam, upon his moving from Paradise, “Cursed now is the ground for thy sake!” the first man 1 Although the Talmud, as well as the Bible, (Gen. iv, 12), gives the reason of the curse of infertility as Cain’s murder of Abel, The above account, how- ever, has more verisimilitude. a H io of f & 3A on 19% oe Er INTRODUCTION asked, “For how long?” This was his answer: “Until a man-child is born such that the rite of circumcision need not be practised upon him.” Such was Noah, the son of Lamech, the son of Methu- selah. This curse thus removed from man, the inhabitants of the earth went in for farming and prospered mightily. Noah himself had not only a passive, but an active part in this. He invented the plough, the scythe, the hoe and other agricultural instruments.’ Before, men had worked the soil with their bare hands. Now, they knew neither toil nor care. A single sowing bore a harvest sufficient for forty years.” The sea now kept strictly to its proper courses.’ Intoxicated by this unex- ampled prosperity, mankind grew proud and arrogant. Tanhuma Bereshit ed. Amsterdam, 6°, Tanhuma, ed. Buber, I, 26. Bereshit Rabba, xxv, 2. INTRODUCTION | Noah, as we know also, spent a large part of his energy in predicting the Deluge. For one hundred and twenty years he went up and down in the land urging mankind to reform, or take the consequences. The prophet was, as usual, without honor in his own country; and this in spite of the fact that men had already seen a previous attempt on the part of Jehovah to flood the earth, in the days of Enoch. The effort was, however, only partly successful. This minor deluge is described in the Talmud. The river Gihon overflowed its banks, but only a third of the earth was de- stroyed. The patriarch was not, however, known by the name of Noah until after the Deluge. There was magic and sor- cery in the land. Men could even com- mand the sun and stars. For fear that his grandson might become the victim of these illicit practices, Methuselah di- rected that in public the son of Lamech INTRODUCTION should be called Menahem (Comforter). In this way he was kept from being bewitched. This precaution was a real necessity, for the world was a wicked place before the Flood. The fallen angels—the “sons of God,” according to the Book of Gen- esis—having requested permission to dwell on the earth, that the world might glorify Jehovah’s name, were given sub- lunary bodies for the purpose. But, seduced by the charm of the female de- scendants of Cain, they fell again. The giants, the progeny of such unions," known as the Emmim, the Rephaim, Gibborim, Zampummim and Nephelim, according to their several unpleasant characteristics, succeeded in debauching not only the Cainites, who had settled in the field of Damascus, but the descendants of the virtuous Seth as well. Between the Sethite women, living in the mountains near Eden, and the Nephi- 1 See Genesis, vi, 2.and 4. nan. INTRODUCTION lim, love affairs became increasingly frequent. Prominent among the full-blooded angels were Istehar and Azazel. Iste- har, however, soon disappeared, to hang himself forever between earth and heaven, asa result of his folly in disclos- ing to the Cainite woman Shemhazai the magic Ineffable Name by which she rose to heaven. But Azazel remained to pervert womankind by his diabolical invention of jewelry. The curse of finery and adornment which ensued is, no doubt, responsible for many of the bitterest anathema of Noah. Women since the days of Eve had always been quick to follow a bad example. They led the indescribable frolics that called forth the Flood. As an example of one who was most likely to have called forth the patriarch’s dia- tribes, mention might be made of Naa- INTRODUCTION of Tubal-Cain, who with her great beauty led astray the angel Shamdon, and bore him the devil Asmodeus.* Not only was humankind corrupted to evil ways, but the animals went astray as well. In such a primitive society exogamy was, of course, accounted one of the most hideous vices; the animals carried it to the point of miscegenation. The dog mated with the wolf, the cock with the pea fowl.” Such was the condition of the world when the fatal storm began. It will be remembered by those familiar with the biography of Methuselah that that good man died on the day set for the Flood. It was, therefore, postponed for seven days, so that his family might mourn him.® During this week the sun rose in the West and set in the East, as a slight token of the esteem in which the patriarch was held.* 1 Zohar Bereshit, 55°. 2 Bereshit Rabba, xxviii, 8. ‘3 Genesis, vii, 4and1o. 4 Talmud, Sanhedrin, 108», ess lia aR ASTER BERETS LRTI PE re , : 30 INTRODUCTION But the rains began at last on the 17th day of the month Heshwan, in the f year of the world, 1656. The wicked Jews, who had for an hundred and twen- ty years scoffed at Noah’s weather pre- dictions, began to grow anxious. For this was no ordinary deluge. The cat- aclysm was produced by a union of the male waters above the firmament and the female waters of the earth! In order to release the former two stars were removed from the Pleiades and streams gushed forth to commingle with the sea. Two suns were afterwards taken from the Great Bear and used to plug up the holes in the constellation.” The Ark, which had been under con- struction for some time, was built of a single giant teak-wood tree, and accord- ing to Ibn Abbas* was fashioned in the form of a bird’s belly, that it might cleave the water. It was of three stories. i oa i 1 Pirke Rabbi Eliezer, xxiii. 2 Talmud, Berakot, 59”. 8 One of the commentators of the Koran, INTRODUCTION The top was for the accommodation of the birds, the main floor for the human beings and their provisions, while the cellar was reserved for the beasts. Some Oriental traditions give the place of em- barkation as Koufah, others place the site at near Babylon. Noah’s family got aboard immediately upon receiving a mystic sign that the Deluge had commenced. This was the pouring of a stream of water from Mrs. Noah’s burning oven, says the Koran. The giants became furious at the rise of the waters, and attempted to stop the holes through which it spurted from the earth with their feet. But the water was hot. Og, the King of Bashan, fear- ing that the flood would rise over his head, with his great hands attempted to stop the windows of heaven, but, as we know, to no avail. He went into the sea and clung to the rhinoceros, which was the only animal saved except. those in the Ark and the fishes. 3 Outside the Ark there was consider- able commotion. It was necessary to select the proper animals out of the hordes which appeared upon the bank. The wicked ones attempted to force the entrance and were thrown out by Noah’s sons. The pious creatures, however, knelt in obeisance as they approached the Ark, and were thus known to have secured a passage from on high. Noah was kept so busy that he did not enter the Ark till the last moment, when the water had risen to his knees.1 The result of this exclusiveness was that an immense congregation of birds and beasts, reptiles and fowls camped where the vessel was moored. As it hap- pened, they proved of use for once in their lives; for, when the forty days of downpour had terrifed mankind suffi- ciently, and some 700,000 human beings attempted to carry the Ark by storm, the menagerie promptly ate them all 1 Bereshit Rabba, xxxii, 6. INTRODUCTION up.t. Amongst those who perished was Cain.” Authorities differ as to the exact steer- age list. We know that one pair of al- most every species was included, and seven pairs of the clean sacrificial ani- mals, such as the oxen, sheep, goats and doves. The Book of Yashar gives the number of species of birds as 32, a cur- iously inadequate supply, it would seem, while the Ark included 365 different kinds of reptiles. The reem (rhinoceros) was too big to get into the boat and was tied to the Ark and swam behind.* King Og, hav- 1 Book of Yashar; section Noah. Some say that it was the pious carnivora inside the Ark that repelled the attack. This seems unlikely. 2 Bereshit Rabba, xxii, 12. But, according to the Talmud, Cain was accidently killed by Tubal Cain, while he was hunting in the fields with his father Lamech (Son of Methusael). Tubal Cain, according to this ac- count, on account of Cain’s horns, mistook his great, great, great, great grandfather, walking afar off, fora beast of prey and shot him with an arrow, Upon this, Lamech, who was blind, clapped his hands together in surprise and fear, killing Tubal Cain. This was the cause of his lamentation in Genesis, iv, 2. 8 Bereshit Rabba, xxxi,13. Some say unicorn. co atin ach SELLE > mayest sO ee Tiesto eoensih ASSET INTRODUCTION ing agreed that he and his descendants would be man’s slaves in perpetuity, was allowed to sit on the roof, and food was doled out to him daily, through a hole.t Two kinds of animals ieft the Ark, who never entered it. The pig and the cat were created during the voyage, one to eat the filth that had accumulated, and the other to rid the vessel of rats. The pig came out of the elephant’s trunk, and the lion sneezed forth the cat.” One pair not in any of these cate- gories was admitted. Falsehood, it is told, applied for transportation, but was denied a stateroom, as he had no com- panion. On his way home he met Mis- fortune, who was also anxious to em- bark. Together they agreed to return and live together upon these terms: Misfortune was to have all that False- hood earned. The pair was accepted as passengers, and ever since that time 1 Pirke R. Eliezer xxiii. Midrash, fol. 1q. 2 Tabari, c. xli. INTRODUCTION Falsehood has been disappointed at never being able to keep the reward of his own industry. Satan, also, was admitted through an absurd blunder of Noah. ‘Tabari tells how, when the donkey stubbornly refused to enter, the Patriarch became angry, and cried, ‘““Come in, thou cursed one!” Eblis was clinging unseen to the balky beast’s tail, and entered before Noah saw him, When reproved, Satan remarked, “You yourself invited me! Am I not the accursed one?” The roster of human beings included eighty men and women. At least, that number, according to Tabari? disem- barked from the Ark. Some may, of course, like Peregrine White, have been born on board. First, of course, was Noah, and his wife Naamah. She is called variously—Bath-Enos, by Abul- feda, and Noema by the Book of Yashar. Later, the Gnostics asserted that she was 1 Midrash, Tehillim, vii. * Chronicle of Abou-djafar Mohammed Tabari, tr. H. Zolenberg, p. 113. f i \ INTRODUCTION Noria, while the Kabbalists preferred the name Vesta. Halcal, says Eutich- ius, Tethiri, Titheera, say others. At all events she is known to have been the named “The Nurse of Men.” Noah had | married her about one hundred years before the Flood. The Lord granted him } but three sons, fearing that, if he begot more, and they proved pious enough to be saved from the Deluge, the Ark would not be big enough to hold the family. Curiously enough, however, opinions differ as to the primogenity of Noah’s three sons. The Bible, except in a single reference,’ gives Shem as the first born while the Talmud affirms the priority of Japhet, so named because “God hath enlarged us through the land.” Accord- ing to this authority, Shem (“God hath given me a great name on earth’) was 1 Genesis x, 21. For a more exhaustive inquiry in- to this question, see Louis Ginzberg : ‘‘Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvatern und in der Apokryphischen Littera- tur,’’ p. 89, MOSS