Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Report on the Teaching of International Law in the Educational Institutions of the United States April 18, 1913 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page IntihoducHon: 4-4-4 waco was gear tea eeerenhaee ee eee ase Meee Ace es 1 Arrangement: OF DaDlesy irae civ cus sanded tie hoe ara iecwsnencaren arate taactainied geal banineart 4 Colleges and Universities: «cn ncesdas cieaguawies Cone Mankwe eleaele eas 5 GradWate:“SCHOOIS!. aa. siocrdve-dsashedic dee de Dodie deans ated Ped A alae ra avo ll Courses on) Arbitration: and Peace: < sevaveveecedeuce even deeuueneeae wees 12 [saw SCHGOIS: eer wnt eat eed sertiendper eek ad eck tee eran mie erditveme andes 23 General, Comments c.cccsicc-s duce pew aoe eae ee a eR BES OR ERS 29 Method of Teaching International Law............ 0... c cece cece eee eee 31 Summer’ Schools: s..:ce.0c dean aecisien dace oracle eee ene nweainmean aes 32 Professors, ‘and Instructors sig ccs ge dence Mee ee ie eee ens bw ee eee 33 TEXE BOOKS hcieccnmeat bw kl bod rh sudan a RE ENE SRE SE AwERe Ree eE 33 Importance of the Study of International Law............+....ee seers 34 RecominendatiOnS csccacscerac wena eutucr dese aGeoEeas Meee sae Rew a Se 35 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES To THE BoarD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE: At the annual meeting on December 14, 1911, the Board of Trustees adopted the following resolution, proposed by the Honorable Andrew D. White: Resolved, That the Executive Committee be directed to propose and carry out, subject to the approval of this Board, a plan for the propagation, development, maintenance and increase of sound, progressive and fruitful ideas on the subject of arbitration and international law and history as con- nected with arbitration, especially through addresses or courses of lectures delivered before the leading universities, colleges and law schools of the United States, and to report on the same at the next regular meeting of the Board, or, should the Committee think best, at a special meeting to be called for that purpose. In order to comply with the resolution and prepare a plan to give effect to its terms, it was necessary to obtain the facts and to form an exact idea of the extent to which International Law and subjects closely related thereto are taught at present in the universities, colleges and law schools of the United States. With this object in view, the Director of the Division of International Law drew up a circular letter to which was attached a series of questions framed with the object of securing details as to the character and extent of the instruction given in Inter- national Law. (See Appendix D.) ‘This circular letter was addressed to all of the colleges, universities and law schools enumerated, as being then in existence and operation, in the annual report of the United States Commissioner of Edu- cation for the year ending June 30, 1911 (the latest report then available). In Table 15 of the Commissioner’s report (Page 910) are listed 581 univer- sities, colleges and technological schools; in this group are enumerated all institu- tions regarded by the Bureau of Education as being of collegiate rank, including women’s colleges and sectarian schools. In Table 12 (Page 1070), a subdivision of the larger title “Professional Schools,” are listed 119 law schools—making together with the colleges and universities a total of 700 institutions. In addition to these, 18 other institutions not mentioned in the report of the Bureau of Education were addressed. Attention must be called here to the fact that law 2 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, schools which form departments of a larger university are counted in the body of this report as separate institutions, whereas in Appendix A they are classified under the universities with which they are connected. Replies were received from 613 of these 718 institutions addressed. With a few exceptions, all of the larger colleges of recognized standing were represented in the replies. In many cases a second letter of inquiry was addressed to the institutions which failed to reply to the first. With respect to the institutions from which no reply was received, it was in most cases clear from an investigation of the courses presented in their yearly catalogues that International Law was not among the subjects taught by them. Of the 613 institutions replying to the letter of inquiry, 244 have courses of instruction in which International Law is taught or claimed to be taught. In many cases there was reason to think that the meaning of the term “Inter- national Law” had not been properly understood. In the replies from the law schools International Law was at times confounded with Private Interna- tional Law or the Conflict of Laws, and, at times, in the replies from the col- leges, International Law was confounded with Law in general, Political Science, Comparative Constitutional Law, and other such subjects having no direct con- nection with International Law. Where the nature of the replies indicated any doubt, second letters of inquiry were addressed in the hope of eliciting more exact information. When it was impossible to obtain further information, the statements made by officers of the institution in question were accepted as con- clusive, in spite of the fact that in a few cases there seemed to be an inherent improbability that International Law could be taught to the extent stated. In some instances, in which it seemed clear that certain points in the letter of inquiry had been misunderstood, the published catalogues of the institutions were re- ferred to for the information desired. It is hoped that errors, if any, that may appear with respect to individual institutions will be put down to the difficulty of attempting a consistent classification of the work done in institutions following such varied methods of instruction. The complete results of the investigation are shown in the tabular statement annexed to this report (Appendix A). This statement takes cognizance only of the institutions in the United States in which International Law or some cognate subject is recognized as a regular course of study. A number of institu- tions replied that International Law and Diplomacy were taught “incidentally” in connection with courses on Political Science or European and American His- tory. Without seeming to depreciate in any way the value of such incidental instruction, it was not found possible to include these institutions in the present report which is limited strictly to institutions in which International Law and cognate subjects are taught as distinct courses. The subjects considered cognate to International Law were those in which international relations were the primary object of study, for example, Diplomacy, Internationalism, World Politics, Arbi- tration and Peace, etc. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 3 The tabular statement enumerates the institutions in which International Law or some closely related subject is taught in one or more courses or depart- ments. It shows the name and location of each institution; the department of instruction in which International Law or a related subject is taught; the exact name of the course; the collegiate year in which the course is taught; the number of hours per week and per year devoted to the course; the total number of col- legiate and graduate students in the institution; the total number of students in the law schools; the number of students taking International Law or cognate courses ; and whether the course is required or elective. The statistics of student enrollment for the institutions considered in this report are those of the Commissioner of Education for the year ending June 30, 1912. They include both collegiate and graduate students and omit preparatory students, special students, and professional students. The figures given for the number of students taking the courses on International Law and cognate sub- jects were compiled from the replies of the institutions, and relate to the collegiate year 1911-12. Appendix B shows the names of the professors, instructors and lecturers on International Law together with the names of the text-books used in teaching International Law. Appendix C lists the names of the professors, instructors and lecturers on subjects related to International Law. In presenting this report, the Director desires to make suitable acknowledg- ment of the courteous attention given to his requests for catalogues and informa- tion by the presidents, deans, and other officials of the educational institutions which figure in the report. Likewise, he wishes to express his thanks for the readiness with which the Bureau of Education placed itself, in various ways, at his service. Moreover, in offering the results of the investigation directed by the Trustees, it should be said that only by the intensive method of investi- gation, that is, by the personal visits and inquiry of trained experts, can a com- plete and satisfactory presentation be made of the actual situation in this large body of institutions, in respect to the methods and the effectiveness of the in- struction in International Law. The present report indicates the quantity of such instruction; and it bears only indirectly upon the quality of it. 4 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. Arrangement of Tables. The following separate tables are drawn up with the object of presenting an analysis of the summary statement annexed to this report. These tables are ar- ranged so as to show, first, the character and extent of the instruction in International Law and cognate subjects offered in the universities and colleges of the United States, exclusive of instruction offered in departments of law; and secondly, the character and extent of the instruction in International Law offered in the law schools of the United States. The general scheme according to which these tables are arranged is as follows: I. Colleges and Universities. A. Teaching International Law. *Also teaching in law department. B. Teaching International Law in graduate school. C. Teaching subjects bearing upon International Peace. *Also teaching International Law. D. Not teaching International Law. *Teaching in law department. II. Law Schools. A. Teaching International Law. Independent law schools. University law schools. B. Not teaching International Law. Independent law schools. University law schools. *International Law taught in other departments of the university. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 5 Colleges and Universities Under the above title are included all of the institutions which are classed by the Report of the Bureau of Education for the year 1910-11 as being of col- legiate rank. Table I, A lists those of them which, by their written statements or by the evidence of their catalogues, teach International Law. It was thought desirable to inquire as to the department of instruction in which International Law or the cognate subjects, if any, are taught. This inquiry in many cases failed to elicit the desired information, owing to the fact that there is no uniform system of collegiate instruction in the United States. In such cases the catalogues of the institutions in question were referred to, and when there appeared to be no separate departments of instruction no statement was made on that point. The departments of instruction in the individual colleges are given in the tabular statement annexed to this report (Appendix A). In the annexed tabular statement mention is also made of the collegiate year in which International Law or the cognate subject is taught. This would seem to be a point of some importance. International Law may be said to be a subject of more than usual difficulty, and in consequence it should naturally find a place among the courses open to, or prescribed for, the more advanced students. This is, however, a matter which each institution decides for itself and does not call for present action on the part of the Trustees of the Endowment, although the subject deserves consideration. The figures given for the number of students attending the institutions in question combine both graduate and undergraduate students. This was done because of the fact that in replies from many of the universities the number of students taking the courses on International Law included both graduate and un- dergraduate students, and it was found difficult or impossible to separate them, and immaterial from the standpoint of numbers, although important from the stand- point of method and efficiency of instruction. Accordingly, in order to permit some general estimate to be obtained of the number of students taking Inter- national Law in comparison with the total number of students, both graduates and undergraduates were included in the latter. Professional students are not included in the number of students attending the various universities. In so far as these students are preparing for the profession of Law their numbers are given in subsequent tables. The question whether the course on International Law is a required or an elective course is of considerable importance. The fact that the course is re- quired or elective will, in most cases, be found to be determined by the general system of instruction pursued. In the smaller colleges the subjects of study are more generally prescribed; in the larger colleges the subjects of study are more generally elective. The fact that International Law is one of the required sub- jects for a collegiate degree naturally signifies that much more importance is at- tached to that study by student and teacher than in cases where it is merely an 6 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. optional subject which the student may or may not be inclined to elect. It will be observed from the following table that the course on International Law is elective in 142 of the 180 institutions in which it is taught. In these institutions a relatively small percentage of the students actually elect International Law as a subject of study. This fact is deserving of the serious attention of the Trustees of the Endowment. Many of the larger colleges and universities offer complete and varied courses of instruction on International Law, but the actual number of students taking these courses is relatively small in proportion to the total num- ber of students attending the institution. The regularity with which the courses on International Law are given is an- other point requiring investigation. But it should be observed that the fact that a course on International Law may be given only in alternate years does not of itself signify that a proportionately smaller number of students will take the course than would be the case if the course were offered every year. If a course which is given in alternate years only is open to, or required of, both juniors and seniors, practically the same opportunities will be given for the study as if the course were taught every year. Accordingly, in estimating whether the opportunities for the study of International Law are limited by reason of the fact that the course is given only in alternate years, account must be taken of the system of instruction followed by each individual college. The statement “Not given 1911-12” under the heading “Number of students taking International Law” indicates that the course on International Law is given only in alternate years, or at least not regularly, in those institutions. In many cases, however, the alternate year happened to be 1911-12, so that a complete list of institutions teaching International Law only in alternate years would probably be doubly as large as the number not teaching International Law in 1911-12. The number of hours per year devoted to the teaching of International Law is given in so far as it was possible to obtain statistics on that point. In some cases, where International Law formed part of a general course in Law or Political Science, there was reason to believe that the figures given for the num- ber of hours per year devoted to International Law referred, in fact, to the whole course of which International Law formed a part; but in all such cases the state- ment from the institution in question was regarded as final. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 7 Taste I, A. CoLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES TEACHING INTERNATIONAL Law. (ExcLusivE oF INstRucTION In Law SCHOOLS.) No. of —|Number tak- Course Hours Institution. : oe oo andiGriduate ee Requed Taub tablished. | ‘Students in Jin 1911-12.4| Elective pa Alfred University ........... 00006 ‘1836 154 ..**| Elective 36 Amherst College .............e eee 1821 430 160 Elective 102 Arkansas, University of ........... 1872 712 15 Elective si Beloit College .............0005 caw 1847 402 10 Elective 36 Bethany College .............00005 1841 222 19 Required sn Blackburn College ................ 1859 40 11 Elective see Bucknell University ............... "1846 485 15 Elective 60 Buena Vista College .............. 1891 50 7 Elective 54 Butler College... .... ae 1855 368 13 Elective 60 California, University of 1878 4690 82 Elective 72 Carroll College... .... ites 1846 192 37 Elective 72 Cedarville College .. ...........05. 1804 45 . 7! Elective 50 Central Holiness University........ 1906 39 4 Elective 55 Central Wesleyan College ........ 1864 62 19 Required 54 Chattanooga, University of ........ 1867 97 3 Elective 36 Chicago, University of*............ 1892 5266 18 Elective 48 Citadel, The « 5. cs 1847 409 9 Elective 60 ee Gallege wlue: Sarat eaeeoath dae lave 1900 bt 12 Elective 36 Elon College .....-..0:eeeeeeeeeeee 1890 194 65 Elective 120 Ewing College... ..-- esses eee ees 1867 32 ..**!| Required Soa Fairmount College .........+++20+: 1895 162 12 Elective 54 Franklin College (Ind.) ........--- 1834 208 2 poo, 2 Franklin College (Ohio)..........- oo 33 equire A Franklin and Marshall College..... 1836 314 20 | Elective i 1893 47 13 Required 36 Fredericksburg College ......---+- i Gallaudet College . . ....--..es eee 1864 57 21 Required 60 George Washington University*.... 1821 739 10 Elective 108 in i from the institutions failed to separate +In certain instances where the figures returned des udents from Collegiate students attending the same courses, an equal division was ie purposes of tabulation in this table and Table II, A. The letters a, b, c, indicate distinct courses. ; p ; ; *Institutions which have a Law School in which International Law is also taught. *kCourse not given 1911-12. 8 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. No. of — | Number tak- Course Hours Year Es- Collegiate |ing Interna-| Required Taught Institution. tablished, | and Graduate} tional Law or er Students in} jn 1911-12.¢ Elective ear. 1911-12. German Wallace College .......... _ 1864 149 scat seeeeses wes Goshen College . . . ..secceeeeeees . 1903 56 12 Elective 60 Grinnell College... .............. 1847 483 16 Elective 40 Grove City College ............... 1876 215 19 Elective 36 Hamilton College .. ...........0005 1812S, 184 ; 25 Elective 80 Hanover College . . .........00000s 1827 194 25 Elective 56 Harvard University* .............. 1636 2918 a Elective | 108 b 75 Elective sels c Elective 108 Hastings College ............20000 1882 59 ..**! Elective 54 Heidelberg University --{; 1850 138 ‘ 4 Elective 36 Howard University* . . 1867, 382 30 Elective 90 Idaho, College of .. si 1891 31 a Elective 72 Illinois College ..............0008- 1829 62 6 Elective 40 Illinois, University of* ............ i 1868 3821 25 Elective 48 Indiana University* .. ............ 1824 1663 a 12 Elective 72 b 4 Elective 108 Iowa, State University of*......... 1855 1338 13 Elective 36 Iowa State Teachers College...... 1876 1860 | 9 Elective | 60 James Millikin University ......... 1903 357 9 Required 36 Johns Hopkins University.......... 1876 396 20 Elective 36 Kalamazoo College ................ 1833 187 ..**! Elective 54 Kansas, University of ............ 1866 1670 28 Elective 36 Kansas City University ........... 1896 35 ae Elective 54 Kansas State Agricultural College.. 1863 1425 gett cat ees 24 Kenyon College . . ............005 1824 108 7 Elective 54 Lafayette College .. ...........00. 1832 552 30 Elective 28 Lake Forest College .............. 1858 190 8 Elective 108 Lawrence College... ...........004. 1849 439 16 Elective 54 Leander Clark College............. 1857 81 ..**1 Elective ces Lebanon Valley College ........... 1866 136 12 Required 54 Lehigh University .. ............06 1866 617 15 Elective 68 Lincoln Memorial University ...... 1897 54 eS Soeacee apes 12 Lombard College . ..............05 1852 sata ..**) Elective 2 Louisiana State University* ....... 1860 600 9 Elective 32 Macalester College .. ............. 1885 188 16 Elective 54 McKendree College .. ............ 1828 51 6 Elective 72 McMinnville College .. ........... 1857 46 5 Required 60 McPherson College .. ............ 1889 123 ..**! Elective ae Maine, University of* ............. 1868 543 30 Required 40 Marietta College .. ............... 1800 152 24 Elective 54 Marquette University* .. .......... oe 69 ..**| Required 72 Maryland Agricultural College .... 1859 177 28 Elective 20 Maryville College ................. 1819 154 5 Elective 70 Massachusetts Institute of Tech- NOLOEY hi 5d caecese solstenctnre arenes 1865 1561 117 Elective 15 Michigan, University of* .......... 1841 3661 a 30 Elective 54 : b ..**| Elective 36 Middlebury College ............... 1800 331 53 Required 48 Minnesota, University of* ......... 1869 2904 , 20 Elective 54 Missouri Valley College ........... 1889 95 ..**| Elective 36 Monmouth College .. ............. 1856 217 28 Elective 72 fIn certain instances where the figures returned from the institutions failed to separate Law students from Collegiate students attending the same courses, an equal division was made for purposes of tabulation in this table and Table II, A. The letters a, b, c, indicate distinct courses. ae *Institutions which have a Law School in which International Law is also taught. **Course not given 1911-12. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. No. of Collegiate Number tak- Course Hours Institution MSHAEE |ag@Getdone ge apr | Reaared | Teugn " | Students in lin 1911-12. | Elective ear. Montana, University of* .......... 1895 203 2 Elective 54 Moores Hill College sisssuacss. s+ 1856 97 7 Elective 48 Morningside College .............. 1890 284 15 Elective ieee Mount Union College.............. 1846 183 24 Elective 36 Muskingum College ............... 1836 200 45 Elective oes Nebraska, University of*........... 1871 2697 21 Elective 90 Nebraska Wesleyan University..... 1887 381 12 Elective 36 Nevada, State University of....... 1886 279 4 Elective 30 Newberry College .. ............00. 1856 165 18 Elective 36 New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts .............. 1890 92 3 Required 90 New Windsor College ............ 1843 19 6 Elective sae New York University* ............ 1832 1101 19 Elective 48 New York, College of the City of.. 1849 1247 120 Elective 36 North Carolina College of Agricul- ture and Mechanic Arts......... 1889 540 . 1 Required 72 North Carolina, University of* .... 1795 593 ..**| Elective 36 North-Western College ........... 1861 159 8 Elective 54 Northwestern University* ......... 1855 1132 13 Elective 72 Norwich University ...........-.++ 1819 183 35 Required 38 Notre Dame, University of* ....... 1842 520 a ..**) Required 50 b 10 Required 36 Oberlin College .. ...........0006- 1833 998 ** | Elective 54 Ohio University .. ...........-4-. 1808 722 ..**| Elective 36 Ohio State University ............. 1872 2766 13 Elective 74 Oklahoma, University of .......... 1892 386 13 Elective 54 Omaha, University of ............. 1909 85 8 Elective 72 Oregon Agricultural College ...... 1870 944 ..**| Elective 54 Oregon, University of ............ 1876 676 9 Elective 48 Otterbein University . . ..........- 1847 201 20 Required 72 Pacific, College of the............. 1851 cei 6 Elective 108 Pacific University . . ........see ee 1854 72 6 Elective 50 Park: College |. cc vicews ss vs casein ses 1875 254 17 Elective 60 Pennsylvania College .. .........+- 1827 265 65 Required 60 Pennsylvania State College ........ 1855 1520 6 Required 48 Pennsylvania, University of ....... 1740 3104 20 Elective 90 Philomath College... ......----5 1866 ae 3 Required 60 Pike College . 1 occ. cee cece ee eee ees ce aitsis 25 Required 90 Pittsburg, University of ........... 1786 1528 12 Elective 36 Pomona College.........seeeeeeeee ie oe io mie 2 i m University . . .......06. a ective Princeto y i 6 4 Plective 36 Puget Sound, University of........ 1903 ective Radcliffe College .. ee gb: slduanavieces ess 1879 569 2 Elective 93 Redfield College . . ......20eeee eee 1887 28 ..**| Elective as Rio Grande College .........-..+6. 1876 15 5 Required 50 Ripon College . . .....seeeeeeeeeee 1850 171 6 Elective 72 Rochester, University of .........- 1850 427 25 Elective 60 Rutgers College ........-+- see eeees 1766 382 70 Required 18 St. John’s College ........---++0-: 1789 134 20 Required 34 St John’s University .........-++++ 1857 369 11 Required 12 +In certain instances where the figures returned from the institutions failed to separate Law students from Collegiate students attending the same courses, made for purposes of tabulation in this table and Table II, A. The letters a, distinct courses. an equal division was b, c, indicate *Institutions which have a Law School in which International Law is also taught. **Course not given 1911-12. 10 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. No. of .| _Course H Year Es- Collegiate Pembes a Required Taught Institution. eed andGraduate| #28 “nter or. aug Students in | HO" T12.t| Elective | Year, St. Lawrence University* ......... 1858 235 ote Elective 60 Shurtleff College .......... ea 1827 64 13 Elective 70 South Dakota, University of*. 1882 246 12 Elective 36 South Dakota State College of ‘Ag- : riculture and Mechanic Arts..... 1884 192 ..**1 Elective Southern University .. ............ 1859 73 1 Elective Southern California, University of* 1880 818 40 Elective 24 Susquehanna University ........... 1858 96 72 Required 120 Syracuse University* ......... hats 1871 2425 25 Elective 72 Taylor University .. ...........-.. 1846 33 ..**| Elective 110 Tennessee, University of* ......... 1794 511 55 Elective 36 Texas Christian University ........ 1873 294 ..**| Elective 48 Texas, University of* ............. 1883 1554 10 Elective 30 Thiel College . . ...............05. 1870 56 9 Required 54 Toledo University* . . ............ 1872 151 ..**! Elective 36 Trinity College . . ...........-0 eee 1824 230 29 Elective 45 Tufts College . . ....... eee eee eee 1854 422 ..**! Elective 54 U. S. Military Academy .......... 1802 535 98 Required 27 U. S. Naval Academy ............. 1845, 720 150 Required 48 Upper Iowa University ........... 1857 160 23 Elective 72 Utah, University of* .............. 1850 890 2 Elective 36 Vermont, University of ........... 1800 386 5 Elective 78 Wabash College .. .............25- 1832 351 39 Elective 40 Washington University* ........... 1857 722 13 Elective 54 Washington, University of ......... 1861 1988 ..**) Elective 36 Washington, State College of ..... 1892 696 ..**! Elective 54 Washington and Jefferson College 1780 254 40 Elective 50 Washington and Lee University™. . 1749 488 15 Elective 22 Washington and Tusculum College. 1794 27 8 Required 36 Western Reserve University ....... 1826 735 135 Elective Ake West Lafayette College ............ 1900 22 3 Elective 50 Westminster College (Pa.) ....... 1852 180 10 Elective 18 Westminster College (Texas) .... 1896 42 sae | baa 54 West Virginia University ......... 1868 538 ..**! Elective 36 West Virginia Wesleyan College... 1890 111 .:**! Elective 36 William Jewell College ............ 1849 245 40 Elective 36 William and Mary, College of..... 1693 107 10 Elective 36 William and Vashti College........ 1908 91 ..**! Elective 108 Wisconsin, University of* ........ 1848 3875 a ..**! Elective 96 b ..**| Elective 72 Wittenberg College .. ............. 1845 285 48 Elective 54 Wooster, University of .. sca 1868 467 30 Elective 54 Wyoming, University of . 1887 156 3 Elective 40 Yale University* .... 1701 2762 148 Elective 72 Yankton College 1881 102 12 Elective 72 fIn certain instances where the figures returned from the institutions failed to separate Law students from Collegiate students attending the same courses, an equal division was made for purposes of tabulation in this table and Table II, A. The letters a, b, c, indicate distinct courses. *Institutions which have a Law School in which International Law is also taught. **Course not given 1911-12. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 11 Graduate Schools. Graduate schools are schools of specialization for advanced students who have completed their college course and are concentrating upon a particular field of study. Hence, as far as regards the extent and thoroughness of the work done in International Law, the graduate schools should, other conditions being equal, naturally rank in advance of all other institutions teaching International Law, whether colleges or law schools, in which the subject is offered as an undergradu- ate course only. The following list of graduate schools teaching International Law has been compiled from insufficient data, and is therefore offered with some hesitation. It was thought important to refer to the work done by graduate schools; it was realized, however, that only personal correspondence with the professors con- ducting graduate courses could furnish an exact account of the character of work done in International Law. This correspondence was impossible under the cir- cumstances attending the preparation of this report. Hence, the list compiled represents the graduate work done in International Law in so far as data could. be obtained from the answers of the several universities to the circular letter of inquiry and from the yearly catalogues of the institutions, without a detailed and personal examination of each institution. It was impossible to give separate figures for the attendance on graduate courses on International Law, because the courses were frequently open to undergraduate students as well as to gradu- ates, and because in the replies from the universities there was rarely any dis- tinction made between the two classes of students. Even in cases where figures for the number in attendance on graduate courses on International Law were available it was impossible, without a personal examination of each case, to de- termine how many of those students were devoting their chief attention to that study. It is this latter group of students who may be expected to become future teachers of International Law. 12 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, Taste I, B. GrapuaTE ScHoots TEACHING INTERNATIONAL Law.* Undergraduate Students Institution. Also Admitted to Grad- uate Courses. Chicago; University (Of ess cessbidedan ve tyanwas ss ckewenensieeakoes Senior. Clark University: sc: isecckee is sseeewas ss cncieances beta ecw eausendes Senior. Columbia University . 2 1... ....ceeeeeee dasa a:'l ietiyasataveecaPaeroieiars Harvard University .. ...........- All Undergraduates. Illinois, University of .............0005 Senior. Indiana: University’ « . 52 wseiaivessyaieess a eeeiceens cisaeeess ema ee | verve cee esas cece Johns: Hopkatis’ University: os-2s cessive cacit saan ewne by eamgadale se seaamne oe waceeienine he Ohulew, Machigan,. ‘University: Of St. Louis, Mo. .......... a Fort Worth University (a).........-- Fort Worth, Tex. ...... uo *Teaching related subjects. **Teaching in the Law School. a) This university now amalgamated with the Methodist University of Oklahoma, Guthrie, Okla. 16 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. No. of Students. shu ae Fi Year es- | ——————_- Institution. Location. tablished. | Colle- Grad- giate. uate. Friends University .......0ceeeeeee eee Wichita, Kans. ......... 1898 180 ee Furman University .. ..| Greensville, S. C. .. 1852 176 ‘is Geneva College ...... ..| Beaver Falls, Pa. 1848 140 4 Georgetown College ....... ..|Georgetown, Ky. ... 1829 148 3 Georgetown University** ....... . | Washington, D. C... 1789 171 4s Georgia School of Technology........ Atlanta, Ga. ........ oe 1888 606 a Georgia, University Of ..........00eeeee Athens, Ga. .........05. 1801 536 26 Goucher College ..........-eeceeee eens Baltimore, Md. ........ 1888 362 + Graceland College ........ccceeeeeeees Lamoni, Iowa .......... 1895 14 eg Grand Island College..............++. Grand Island, Nebr. ....| 1892 41 1 Greenville College . . 1.2... cece eee eee Greenville, Il. ..........] 1892 51 oa Guilford College ....... cece cee seen Guilford College, N. C. 1837 114 1 Gustavus Adolphus College ........... St. Peter, Minn. ........ 1862 107 58 Hamilton College for Women.......... Lexington, Ky. ........ 1869 41 ms Hampden-Sidney College .. ........... Hampden-Sidney, Va. ... 1776 110 ie Hardin College .........0.0 cscs eeeceee Mexico, Mo. ........... 1873 45 oe Haverford College . . ....... se eeeeee .|Haverford, Pa. ......... 1833 160 4 Hedding College ..........--.eeeeeeee Abingdon, Ill. ......... 1856 48 ee Henderson-Brown College .. ......... Arkadelphia, Ark. ...... 1890 aa ee Hendrix College ..........20..+e eee Conway, Ark. .......... 1884 114 a Henry Kendall College ............-+5 Tulsa, Okla, ........... 1894 14 ss Highland College ..........:..eee eee Highland, Kans. ....... 1857 33 7 Hillman College . ......... eee eee eee Clinton, Miss. .......... 1853 100 ee Hillsdale College ...........--. ee ee ee Hillsdale, Mich. ........ 1856 264 2 Hiram College ..........ce scence eens Hiram, Ohio ........... 1850 256 4 Hiwassee College .......... 00sec eeeee Sweetwater,Tenn.(R.F.D.)} .... sa ee Hobart College .......... 0s eee eee eeee Geneva, N. Y .......... 1822 163 2 Hollins College .......... 0. cece eee eens Hollins, Va. ........... 1842 122 by Holy Cross, College of the...........- Worcester, Mass. ....... 1843 470 Hope College .. cs. eee ee eee ence eres Holland, Mich. ......... 1866 152 Howard College . 2... cece eee eee eeeees East Lake, Ala. ........ 1841 bee : Howard Payne College .........+++++5 Brownwood, Tex. ...... 1889 61 me H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College* | New Orleans, La. ...... 1887 365 | 21 Huron College . . oi. .eee eee cee eee eee Huron, S. D. .........65 1883 74 ee Idaho, University of ..... Lette eee neees Moscow, Idaho ........ 1892 426 8 Illinois Wesleyan University .........- Bloomington, Ill. ....... 1850 199 4 Illinois Woman’s College ........-+..+ Jacksonville, Ill ........ 1846 170 ‘is Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts ......sseeeeeeeececee Ames, Iowa .........0. 1869 1692 14 Iowa Wesleyan College .......----++++ Mount Pleasant, Iowa ..| 1842 191 3 Irving Female College .........--++-++ Mechanicsburg, Pa. .... 1856 sea | AD Jefferson College .. ---|Convent, La. ........... | 1832 110 = Judson College ..... -..|Marion, Ala. ..... 1839 211 Juniata College ......... --|Huntingdon, Pa. ...... 1876 61 Kansas Christian College .... - Lincoln, Kans. ......... 1880 died Kansas Wesleyan University . Salina, Kans. ........... 1886 133 a Kentucky Military Institute .... Lyndon, Ky. ........... 1845 sia oe Kentucky, State University of**... . | Lexington, Ky. ......... 1865 748 | 85 Kentucky Wesleyan College ....... . | Winchester, Ky. ....... 1866 83 | .. King College ....... ee eee reece eee eens Bristol, Tenn. .......... 1869 51 f Kingfisher College...........0eeee eee ee Kingfisher, Okla. ....... 1896 98 1 Knox College .........ce ccc ee cece cee Galesburg, Ill. ......... 1836 342 3 Knoxville College 2... ....cceee eee eeee Knoxville, Tenn. ....... 1875 25 ue Lake Erie College ........... ee eee eee Painesville, Ohio ....... 1859 111 La Salle College .........+-seeeeeeeee Philadelphia, Pa. .......] 1867 33. Lebanon Wniversity ..........20eee eee Lebanon, Ohio ......... 1855 mar —_— *Teaching related subjects. **Teaching in the Law School. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 17 No. of Students. aneheyepn: Location, tablished, | Colle | Grad giate. uate. Leland Stanford Junior University**..; Palo Alto, Cal. ......... 1891 1558 | 216 Leland University .................... New Orleans, La. ...... 1870 ae es Lenoir ‘Colle ge- REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 27 Tase II, B. Law Scuoots Not TEACHING INTERNATIONAL Law. alfa) Number of Institution Location eae By | Sadan Law School. Independent Law Schools. Atlanta Law School ........ fa deeaees kewens Atlanta, Ga. .......... 1908 81 Baldwin University, Cleveland Law School.. | Cleveland, Ohio ...... 1896 300 Boston Vc M. C. A. Evening Law School.... | Boston, Mass. ........ 1898 361 Indianapolis College of Law..............--- Indianapolis, Ind. ....| 1897 73 Jefferson School of Law............eceeees Louisville, Ky. ........ 1905 5 New Jersey Law School! scese-wasedie estat Newark, N. J. ........ 1908 193 San Francisco Law School...........2-++: San Francisco, Cal....| 1908 93 St. John’s University College of Law...... Toledo, Ohio ......... 1908 27 St. Paul College of Law ...........200e eee: St. Paul, Minn. ...... 1900 193 Suffolk School of Law ...........-eee eee Boston, Mass. .......- 1906 98 Y. M. C. A. Institute Evening Law School.. | Columbus, Ohio ...... 1904 27 University Law Schools. Arkansas, University of, Law Department*.. | Fayetteville, Ark. .... 1873 70 California, University of, Hastings College o Law tcc ids Boo Rey Si a Boek 4 eaves eee ea San Francisco, Cal... . 1878 119 Central Normal College School of Law...... Danville, Ind. ........ 1889 i Chattanooga, University of, College of Law* | Chattanooga, Tenn. ... 1899 109 Cincinnati, University of, Cincinnati Law School . . cceeccceccccccceccecscscecvoes Cincinnati, Ohio ...... 1833 100 Creighton University, Creighton College of TEAW? och Si ERASE 6 SAE Cas wee Ne sii ««s- | Omaha, Nebr. ........ 1904 126 Cornell University College of Law*........ ol Tthacas IN; Mie degenceereceve 1887 331 Denver, University of, Law School*¥........ Denver, Colo. ........ 1892 114 Georgia, University of, Law Department.... | Athens, Gas nics 1859 75 Idaho, University of, College of Law.......- Moscow, Idaho ....... 1909 34 Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington Law School ...........ceeeeee aie atietnisie's 6 - | Bloomington, Ill. ..... 1874 97 Kansas, University of, Law School*........ Lawrence, Kans. ...... 1878 262 Louisville, University of, Law Department.. | Louisville, Ky. ....... 1847 36 Millsaps College of Law ....-..-.eseseeesees Jackson, Miss. ........ 1896 29 Mississippi, University of, Department of Law | University, Miss. ..... 1854 68 North Dakota, University of, College of Law | University, N. Dak.... 1899 89 Ohio Northern University, Ada College of Ta W occ. cnn SaueeNe PHS e Hateeles Calereaue eS Ada, Ohio ............ 1885 72 Ohio State University College of Law*..... Columbus, Ohio ...... 1891 185 Oklahoma, University of, College of Law*... | Norman, Okla: oy: heuer 1909 115 Omaha, University of, Omaha School of Law* | Omaha, Neb. ......... 1897 22 Oregon, University of, Department of Law*. | Eugene, Oreg. ........ 1884 191 Pennsylvania, University of, Department of Law 0.1 cecccencceccrccennesceore veseeee | Philadelphia, Pa. ..... 1790 374 Pittsburgh, University of, Pittsburgh Law SGhOOI™ «gc ets sb series os letines woiace ein ss 0s .. | Pittsburgh, Pa. ....... 1895 170 Shaw University School of Law..........++ Raleigh, N. Car.......| 1888 8 South Carolina, University of, Law School.. | Columbia, 5. Car...... 1883 74 Temple University Law School......cccceeeee Philadelphia, Pa....... 1895 98 Trinity College Law School..........++-- ...| Durham, N. Car...... 1904 11 Tulane University of Louisiana, Law Depart- AMET this tise: aie oie no oa S SROs Saale seeeeee | New Orleans, La...... 1847 87 Valparaiso University Law School....... ..--| Valparaiso, Ind. ...... 1879 157 Vanderbilt University, The Law School..... . | Nashville, Tenn. ...... 1875 71 Washington, University of, Law School*.... | Seattle, Wash. ........ 1899 214 Western Reserve University, Franklin T. . Backus Law School*¥ .........seeeeeeeees Cleveland, Ohio ...... 1902 135 West Virginia University College of Law*.. | Morgantown, W. Va. 1878 63 Willamette University College of Law....... Salem, Oreg. ........- 1884 61 *International Law is taught in other departments of the University. 28 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. Tasce II, B, SuppLEMENT. Law ScHoots From WuicH No Report Has BEEN RECEIVED. eee . Yy & No. of Students Institution. Location. tablis hed. : in te uh Independent Law Schools. Benton College of Law.............- St. Louis, Mo...... 1896 vba Detroit College of Law........e0eee8 | Detroit, Mich. ....| 1891 295 Lincoln-Jefferson University College of Tea weid Sox -alaheeas wis Coteetale sg emomecick 6 Hammond, Ind. ... 45 36 53 Metropolitan College of Law......... St. Louis, Mo....|' 1901 48 State University Central Law School.. | Louisville, Ky. ..| 1879 24 Young Men’s Christian Association In- stitute Night Law School .......... Cincinnati, O. ....] 1893 116 University Law Schools. Central University of Kentucky Col- TEBE OF LAW: ascccscecic cinitissnw sia xt aici Danville, Ky. ...... 1894 ae Cumberland University Law School... |Lebanon, Tenn. ...| 1847 199 Florida, University of, College of Law | Gainesville, Fla. .. 1909 53 Fordham University School of Law.. |New York, N. Y..} 1905 231 John B. Stetson University College of aw ea 4 v9.3 ieeeneues aaa ces Deland, Fla. ...... 1900 44 Richmond College School of Law....|Richmond, Va. ....| 1870 52 Walden University Law Department. . Nashville, Tenn. .. 1880 aks It will be observed that nearly one-half of these law schools are attended by over 100 students and a large number of them are attended by over 200 students. They are obviously the institutions to which special attention should be paid in any endeavors which the Endowment may make to encourage the study of Inter- national Law. 15 of these law schools are connected with universities in which International Law is taught in some other department of study. This point is worthy of attention as indicating cases in which it would be comparatively easy for the law schools to obtain the services of a competent lecturer on International Law. The mere fact that courses on International Law in other departments of a university are open to law students of the same university is not in itself of importance as regards the opportunities for the study of International Law. As a rule the hours of these university courses are not so adjusted as to make it convenient for the law student to attend the lectures without neglecting his regu- lar work. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 29 General Comment The preceding tables will, at first sight, probably convey a favorable impres- sion with respect to the extent to which International Law is taught in the law schools, universities, and colleges of the United States. A closer examination of the tables will, however, make it clear that a relatively small number of stu- dents actually take the courses offered. Some idea of the percentage of students taking International Law in comparison with the total student body may be had from the following summary tables. I. Summary Taste oF CoLLeEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. Dee eee Total Total Number of Percentage of Stu- International Law in Student Students Taking dent Body Taking 1911-12. Body. International Law. International Law. 144 | 94,749 | 3,646 3.9 It thus appears that in spite of the opportunities offered for the study of International Law in the 144 institutions in which International Law was taught in 1911-12, only 3.9 per cent of the students in those institutions were reported as taking that subject.* These figures do not, of course, indicate the number of students who, at some time during their undergraduate or graduate residence, would receive instruction in International Law. It cannot be assumed to be four times the number who took International Law in the year 1911-12, for in only 33 out of 180 institutions is the course a required one, and, even in those cases the lectures may have been given only in alternate years and may have been attended by students of more than one collegiate year. The only way in which an exact estimate could be ob- tained of the number of students receiving instruction in International Law at some period during their collegiate course would be to conduct an inquiry run- ning through four consecutive years. *A small allowance must be made for institutions which offered courses in international law, but which failed to state the number of students taking the course in 1911-12. 30 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. II. Summary Taste oF Law ScHOOLs. Number of Law Schools Total Total Number of Percentage of Stu- Teaching International Student Students Taking dent Body Taking Law in 1911-12. Body. International Law. International Law. 51 12,190 1,892 15.5 In the case of law schools the percentage of students taking International Law in comparison with the entire student body is thus seen to be considerably larger than in the case of the universities and colleges; but, on the other hand, the courses were somewhat shorter. The average length of courses on International Law in the colleges and universities was 54 hours per year; while the average length of courses in law schools was 40 hours per year. A number of institutions reported that the study of International Law was under consideration and expressed a recognition of the importance of the sub- ject and a hope that means would be found to introduce it in subsequent years. A few typical extracts from some of these letters are here given: Drake University, Des Moines, Ia—The subject is of such a nature, and so seriously affects the actions of both states and citizens,that it should be among the required subjects in the schedule of a law student seeking graduation. 6 Friends University, Wichita, Kans—Hope to introduce soon. Lack of funds to enlarge our faculty is reason for our delay in introducing these important subjects. Haimilion College of Law, Chicago, Ill—I might also add that the subject of Inter- national Law will be changed from an elective to a required topic at the conclusion of the next school year, such action having already been authorized and directed by the Advisory Board of our Faculty, effective as stated above. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich—Those of our students who complete the literary work before beginning law are urged to take Public International Law as one of their subjects, but we have not had any requirement that it be taken as part of the law work. A good many students, however, have with our permission taken the course as an extra subject. Ogden College, Bowling Green, Ky—At present we have no courses in International Law or closely related subjects, but it is probable that we shall add one of these soon, as we are enlarging our courses. Ouachita College, Arkadelphia, Ark.—This study is not taught in Ouachita College at present. It is our intention to take it up shortly. University of South Carolina, Columbia, S. C.—I regret to say that International Law is not at present taught in this University, though I have been anxious to re-establish a chair formerly held here for more than twenty years by Francis Lieber. I believe that such chairs in our colleges are one of the surest ways of advancing the interest of international peace, and I shall therefore continue to strive to have this subject taught here. Westfield College, Westfield Ill—Not taught at present. Expect, however, to intro- duce it next year or the year following. Whittier College, Whittier, Cal—We hope to introduce it as an elective. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 31 On the other hand, a number of institutions reported that they were obliged to abandon their courses on International Law during the year 1911-12. Among them were the following: New Hampshire College of Agriculture, Durham, N. H.—International Law has not been given for several years. The work of the Department of History has crowded it out. Oregon. Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oreg—The course in International Law was offered during the first semester 1911-12, being elective to seniors. Eight students applied for the course; but, on account of conflicts which could not be satisfactorily adjusted, the course had to be abandoned for that time. The course may be given again during the second semester of this year. _ Tufts College, Tufts College, Mass—International Law was last given in 1909-10; nine in the class. Washington State University Law School, Seattle, Wash—This year the course did not fill, 4. ¢., was not elected by eight students. Has been given up this year. State College of Washington, Pullman, Wash—lInternational Law has been offered under the Department of Economic Science and History the past year. Owing to a double demand and a lack of teaching force we were forced to drop the course, and substituted one in Contracts and Negotiable Instruments. There were seven who expressed a desire to take the work. _ _West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va.—International Law was formerly taught in West Virginia University, but has been discontinued. Two distinct problems are accordingly presented to the Trustees of the Endowment; (1) to secure the introduction of courses on International Law in institutions which do not at present provide for instruction on that subject; and (2) to secure a larger enrollment of students in the courses on International Law in those institutions which already offer instruction on that subject. Institutions which at present give courses on International Law only in alternate years might be induced to give yearly courses; institutions which are at present giving only very brief courses on International Law might be induced to give longer and more thorough courses; and institutions which offer the subject of International Law as an elective study might be induced to make it a required study when the sys- tem of instruction permits. Method of Teaching International Law While it is not the purpose of the present report to enter upon an examination of the character of courses which might be given in colleges and universities upon the subject of International Law, or to define the circumstances under which the study of International Law might be most profitably undertaken, nevertheless it may be appropriate to suggest certain general principles which should be borne in mind when there is question of instituting new courses. In the first place, the method of teaching International Law in law schools should properly vary some- what from the method followed in departments of History and Political Science. Courses given in law schools should be adapted to the practical needs of the lawyer, who is chiefly concerned with the actual rules observed by nations; on the other hand, the student of History and Political Science is equally interested in the actual law and in the theories underlying the law and the historical develop- 32 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, ment of it. In either case it is fundamental that International Law be consid- ered as a system of jurisprudence, that its principles be treated as legal principles, and that their nature, application and development be clearly shown. In the sec- ond place, it would seem that in undergraduate courses, especially in very brief courses, it is more important to lay stress upon the general principles of Inter- national Law, together with the application of those principles to the relations of states at the present day, rather than upon the technical problems of International Law which have occupied so large a part of the diplomatic correspondence of nations. It would be of interest and would no doubt add to the value of the pres- ent report to discuss in detail the kind of course a college, university, or law school could give, and to indicate by name the institutions not at present teaching International Law which should undertake this work. It is felt, however, that as the present report is chiefly concerned with setting forth actual conditions, it would be better to omit any detailed consideration of these highly important matters, reserving them for discussion by the conference of teachers of Inter- national Law which it is recommended be called. Summer Schools A large number of American universities and colleges conduct summer schools, with courses running from six to ten weeks. It is surprising to find that very few of these summer schools include courses in International Law. The University of Illinois reported that International Law was sometimes taught; the University of Wisconsin had a course in 1911; and Ohio State University had a class of twenty in the same year. The University of Tennessee abandoned the course in its summer school of 1911; and the Universities of Maine, Michigan and Louisiana reported that such a course was to be introduced in 1912 or 1913. These summer schools offer a field for the Endowment which is entirely open. Many students of law, who have no facilities for the study of Interna- tional Law in their regular courses, might welcome an opportunity to obtain some knowledge of the principles of International Law during the period of the year when they can best spare the time for that purpose. No doubt there are universities now conducting summer schools with in- creasing success and usefulness, which would be glad to add such a course to their present courses, if the Endowment would supply the required lecturers and instructors. In addition to elementary courses intended for students, in certain universities special courses could be offered of a character suited to the needs of teachers who are themselves conducting courses on International Law during the collegiate year, and who might desire to obtain from such summer courses the benefit of new ideas in method, new developments in the science, an interchange of views, mutual help and encouragement, and a wider knowledge of the prin- ciples and practices of International Law. REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 33 Professors and Instructors It seemed advisable to present a list of the professors and instructors con- ducting the courses on International Law in the colleges, universities, and law schools in which that subject is taught, as well as those who are conducting courses on subjects bearing upon International Peace. (See Appendix B.) This list was compiled partly from the replies of the institutions to the circular letter of inquiry, and partly from the catalogues of the institutions when they failed to give the information requested. Inasmuch as this report deals with instruction during the collegiate year 1911-12, and statistics were requested for that year, it is possible that in some cases the professors and instructors named in the table are no longer connected with the institution in question. Following the list of professors and instructors of International Law is a list of professors and in- structors teaching subjects which were considered related to International Law. Text-Books Appendix B shows the variety of text-books in use in teaching International Law. Certain standard manuals written primarily for students, such as those of Davis, Lawrence, Wilson and Tucker, largely predominate where the system of instruction by text-book is followed; while Snow’s Cases and Scott’s Cases are used in connection with the case-book system. It would seem unwise to attempt to bring about the introduction of any one text-book in all the schools following the text-book method of instruction, al- though it would be advisable that the text used be sufficiently clear and ample to give the student an adequate idea of the origin, nature, and importance of International Law, and to set forth the newer peaceable agencies for the settle- ment of international disputes and their superiority to the older means of settlement by war. Instructors will prefer to be left at liberty to decide for themselves what text is best suited to their requirements; in addition, new text- books are constantly being published which they might consider superior to any existing ones. The conference of instructors of International Law hereinafter proposed might be asked to undertake the preparation of a selected list of reference books, which could form the nucleus of a library of International Law. In undertaking the preparation of such a list, a twofold object should be kept in view: (1) to in- clude the classical works of writers on International Law from the time of Grotius until within recent years. These works, which were quoted as authorities in their day and which helped to mould international thought and custom, will show the development of International Law and will furnish a key to the under- standing of traditional rules and customs. They will be of special importance to the student of the science of International Law. (2) To include the latest author- itative works which correctly set forth the actual rules of International Law in force at the present day. These works will be of special importance to the lawyer 34 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, and persons engaged in the conduct of international relations, who are more con- cerned with the facts of existing law than with the historical origins of that law. A list such as is here suggested would render valuable assistance, especially to the smaller colleges and law schools, and would also serve as a guide to direct the reading of the student. While there are already a number of excellent text-books on International Law in the field, there are practically no available works dealing with the sub- ject of Arbitration and International Peace from a scientific standpoint. If in- struction on these subjects is to be scientific in character it is important that texts dealing with the theory and practice of arbitration, and with the fundamental principles upon which international peace is conditioned, should be placed in the hands of teachers and be at the disposal of students. Without attempting to de- velop any definite plans on this matter, and referring the question to the con- ference of international lawyers and teachers of International Law, which is recommended in another part of the report, the Director calls attention to the ad- visability of the preparation of a series of treatises or monographs of the follow- ing character: (1) Texts on the history, theory and practice of arbitration; (2) a convenient collection of important instances of arbitration, mediation, and good offices; (3) a collection of texts setting forth the various projects of international organization; (4) standard treaties illustrating agreements between nations to arbitrate future disputes; (5) an account of the working of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, together with a summary of the cases decided by it; (6) the reports of the Proceedings of the Hague Conferences, and a handy edition of the texts of those Conferences; (7) an account of the Peace Move- ment, showing its history and the principles upon which it is based. Importance of the Study of International Law The importance of the study of International Law has greatly increased within recent years. The United States is now a recognized world-power, and, in consequence, its international relations have become more complicated and its responsibilities more serious. The approaching completion of the Panama Canal and the international discussion of the obligations of the United States towards Great Britain in the matter of tolls is an instance in hand of the need of a wider knowledge on the part of the public of the fundamental rights and duties of nations. Questions of foreign policy often figure in national elections, and the Government must respond to the expressed desires of the people. An under- standing of the principles of International Law thus makes for good citizenship and conduces to friendly relations between nations. The prominent part played by lawyers in the government of the United States furnishes an additional reason for promoting the study of International Law in law schools. It is stated in the Sixth Annual Report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching that the members of the legal profession occupy in the United States a unique position in the matter of legislation. “With us, as with no other nation,” REPORT ON THE TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 35 Says the report (page 93), “the door to politics opens through the training of the law. The great majority of both Houses of Congress and of most of the State Legislatures are lawyers by profession. * * * In no country of the world does the responsibility for legislation rest so heavily upon a single profession as in the States of the American Union.” It is evident that the men and women who are to determine the foreign policy of the United States whether in the legislative or executive branches of the Government should be well versed in the principles of International Law. In this connection attention may be called to the fact that the requirements of the examination for admission to the bar in the several States of the United States naturally exercise a great influence on the character of the courses offered by law schools. According to statutes and regulations in force January 1, 1911, Kansas, Maryland, and Michigan were the only States which included Interna- ses Law among the subjects covered by the examination for admission to the bar. Recommendations At the meeting of the Executive Committee on October 26, 1912, the Director submitted the following recommendations, which the Committee approved: Z 1. That a copy of the report be sent to all institutions of higher educa- ion. 2. That a report similar in purpose to the present report, be made to the Board of Trustees periodically, with a view to regularly measuring the ad- vance made in the teaching of International Law in American educational in- stitutions; in standardizing the methods of instruction; and in the number of students engaged in the study. 3. That the Endowment call a conference of the professors of Inter- national Law in our leading educational institutions, to consider the present position and steps for the future development of this study. That the American Society of International Law be requested to place on the program for its next annual meeting * * * the subject of the teaching of International Law in American institutions of learning; and that if this be done, the teachers of International Law be requested to attend the meeting and participate in the discussion of this question. As a part of the regular program of the American Society of Inter- national Law, such a conference would have a scientific standing; would avoid any suspicion of a pacifist purpose, to which peace propaganda is often exposed; and would give the discussions the benefit of the great prac- tical experience of the eminent international lawyers who attend the annual meetings of the Society. That the deans of all law schools in which International Law is not now taught also be invited to attend this conference. ; That provision be made for paying the travelling expenses of such of the instructors in International Law as would otherwise be unable to attend. The conference would be especially asked to consider: (a) Plans for increasing the facilities for the study of International Law; for placing the instruction on a more uniform and scientific basis ; and for drawing the line between undergraduate and graduate instruction ; 36 CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE. (b) The question of requiring a knowledge of the elements of Inter- national Law, for candidates for advanced degrees; (c) The advisability of urging all institutions, with graduate courses in law, to add a course in International Law where not already given; (d) The advisability of calling the attention of the State bar exam- iners to the importance of requiring some knowledge of the elements of International Law, in examinations for admission to the bar; (e) The advisability of requesting the American Bar Association, through its appropriate committee, to consider the question of including the study of International Law in its recommendations for a deeper and wider training for admission to the bar; (f{) The desirability and feasibility of plans for securing the services of professors of or lecturers on International Law, to whom can be assigned definite lecture periods in institutions where International Law is not now taught or is inadequately taught,—these services to rotate between institu- tions where they will be acceptable; (g) The advisability of requesting universities which now have sum- mer schools to include among the subjects offered courses on the elements of International Law, and, if there be occasion for it, to offer advanced courses of interest and profit for advanced students and instructors. 4. That the report of the proceedings of this conference, which would be published as part of the annual proceedings of the American Society of International Law, be circulated among the educational institutions of the country. So far as is known, no conference such as that herein recommended has ever taken place in this or any other country, for an exchange of expert views as to the best methods to promote the study of the science of International Law. Such a conference must have a tendency not only to improve the methods of instruction, but to impress upon university and college authorities a better concep- tion of the value and importance of this study. It is believed that the conference recommended, to be repeated perhaps if the results warrant, would be the most effective agency to stimulate the enthusiasm of the instructors in International Law, to create an esprit de corps among them, and thus to advance “the propagation, development, maintenance, and increase of sound, progressive, and fruitful ideas on the subject of arbitration and inter- national law and history as connected with arbitration,”—which is the object of the Trustees, by the terms of the Resolution in compliance with which this report has been undertaken. Respectfully submitted, JAMES Brown Scort, Director of the Division of International Law. BCDB University Library JX 1293.U6C28 TATA 924 007 455 1 ot, oved Appendix A UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES AND LAW SCHOOLS TEACHING INTERNATIONAL LAW AND RELATED SUBJECTS (1911-12) NOTE.—Universities marked (*) have a Law School connected with them not teaching International Law. 37 | | g 3 NUMBER OF STUDENTS we —————__ NAME OF INSTITUTION LOCATION PEEARTIMENT OF cousce year |§ 815% 4 Rls 3 g | INSTRUCTION NAME; OF COURSE TAUGHT See ge) Se ieee | eR | ee | ee 29 28) se | 33 a8 e2o | S djz | ea |S¥eb| 3 | #25 | #83 am = = i Alabama, University of .............. University, Ala. ....... Law School ..............00eeees International Law ..................0. Second: 3:2 aacneaente asl tendesats 2 20 314 80 3 Albion College ...............ccee eee | Albion, Mich. .........| Political and Social Science....... International Arbitration ............. Senior, Junior ........ Elective 2 40 451 sees 5 Alfred University .........-...ccce0es | Alfred, N. Y. ......... History and Political Science....| International Law .............eseee05 Senior, Junior Elective 2 36 154 ‘ eae es Amherst College ...............00005 Amherst, Mass. ........ Modern Government and Int. Law.| Government and International Law.. Senior, Junior Elective 3 102 430 160 3 Arkansas, University of*............ | Fayetteville, Ark. ...... History and Political Science. ...| International Law Senior, Junior .. .| Elective 3 51 712 ieee 15 a6 Baltimore Law School .............. .| Baltimore, Md. ....... International Law Third: 6 ixeedewerass Required.| 1 10 bs 257 68 : Beloit College .......... cc cece eens Beloit, Wis. ........... International Law Senior, Junior ........ Elective. | 3 36 402 ses 10 . Berea College . ............cccceeees i Berea, Ky. ........... Diplomatic History of U. S. oo... eee] ccc cee cee eee n ee eeees Elective. | 2 36 85 poe ‘ Bethany College ...../........0eeeees Bethany, W. Va. ...... International Law ..............00000% Seniors: cdgoukuee ere: Required.| 4 : 222 19 Blackburn College ................... Carlinville, Ill. ........ International Law ................006. Senior, Junior .| Elective. | 3 ns 40 ina 11 Boston University .. ..............4. Boston, Mass. ......... International Law 3 8 | A al NAME OF INSTITUTION LOCATION | e~-| o£, &s £3 Ss gs EMA | INSTRUCTION Pe ee TAUGHT See st ak | see) & 23 eB REMARKS OG) ek 28 | Bas] ¢ | 2: 223 - |e | Z | ee | Og 5 4 i Es. Bad =f + | T r Drake University .............00ceeee Des Moines, Ia. ....... | College of Law ..............005 Public International Law ............ Second .. .....ee eee ee Required | 3 | 36 | ww. | 1D | 39 | | Social Sciences .............004. International Law ................005. JUNIOR oo on cecicaced cee Elective. | 3 54. = «80 |... | 40 | | | . American Diplomacy and Int. Law......| Junior... .........008- | Elective..| 3 | 54. | 6 | oe wae Wien uae aisha dees pea ae sewer aides ieee SCIENCE” cssgivenees | 24 3 3 : INSTRUCTION SME CRUSE TAUGHT & EG |S : 2B 35 cea. eg | PBs Dove O-w jet) 33 fag $ | 452 | 44 | | | Lz a |Z RE | Osh |] 3 [Rea | Raa Washington, University of*.......... Seattle, Wash. ........ Political and Social Science..... Public International Law............. Senior, Junior, Soph....| Elective. | 2 36 1,988 Ss aa oa Not given 1911-12. 7 | ELIStOTY:. icsacussn coxatiaaaesivists 4.6 History of American Diplomacy...... Senior, Junior, Grad....; Elective. | 2 72 aiite 22% sa 4 Washington, State College of......... Pullman, Wash. ..... ..| Economics, Science and History.| International Law ................00- Senior, Junior .......; Elective. 3 54 696 evar wees | ote Not given 1911-12. Washington and Jefferson College....| Washington, Pa. ...... ; History and Political Science....| International Law and Diplomacy....| Senior .. .........005 Elective. | 5 50 254 Pie 40 Washington and Lee University ..... Lexington, Va. ....... | School of Law ................. International Law ...............008 Junior (First) ....... Required | 2 | 22 sacs 206 85 Vs ‘ ; | College: ic sa nccriae ue, Onc casacs } International baw 2c caiiveceduitsiiee el'ceuedaieccs ois curece ue seve Elective. | 2 | 22 488 iad 15 if Me. CORT SE: Washington and Tusculum College...| Greeneville, Tenn. .....) Political and Social Science ....| International Law ..........ceeeeeees DOMOl 6 since wore na ser Required | 3 36 27 8 Western Reserve University* ........ Cleveland, Ohio .......| Political Science ................ Elements of International Law....... Graduate, Undergrad...| Elective. | 3 ie 735 135 West Lafayette College ............. West Lafayette, Ohio .| ............... cece ee ee ee ...+.| International Law ..............2.005 SENIOF a o5 25 esdaiasns na Elective. | 3 50 22 3 Westminster College ................ New Wilmington, Pa. .| History and Political Science....) International Law .................0% Senior, Junior ........ Elective. | 3 18 180 10 Westminster College ............... Tehuacana, Tex. .......; Political Science ................ International Law ................... Senior, Junior ........].....008- | 3 54 42 Alternate years. West Virginia University* ........... Morgantown, W. Va. .., History and Political Science...| Int. Law and Practice of Diplomacy....., Graduate, Undergrad. ..|Elective.., 2 36 538 Not given 1911-12. | History of American Diplomatic and Foreign: Poli¢ysias.. 2osc tasacew. | bdeaed aii: Rotiadeaw ned Elective..| 2 36 yas tae 13 West Virginia Wesleyan College...... Buckhannon, W. Va. ..| History and Political Science...! International Law .................4. | Graduate . . .......... Elective..| 3 36 111 Wn) dsatee! Oh! Ics Not given 1911-12. William Jewell College............... Liberty, Mo. ........... | Political Science .............0.. | International Law ...................| Senior, Junior ........ Elective..| 5 36 245 | 40)... William and Mary, College of........ Williamsburg, Va. ..... | Political Science .............0.. | International Law .............00 eae Senior .. ............] Elective..} 2 36 107 10 |... William and Vashti College ......... AledO,. TMs ectne eves .| Political and Social Sciences....| International Law ...................| Senior, Junior ....... Elective..| 3 108 91 ance oy To be given 1912-13. Wilmington College .. .............. Wilmington, Ohio ..| History and Social Science...... International Peace ..............05. Senior .. .......--.--| Elective. | 2 32 79 Ses BN a Not given 1911-12. Wisconsin, University of ............ Madison, Wis. .........; Law School .................0.. International, Law? .isiscieane cance da] asada ace savsades ovaces | Electives! 3 96 nied 184 sis es \ Not given 1911-12. Political Science ................ International Law ...............005. Graduate, Undergrad... | Elective. | 3 96 3,875 ie ee sie Same course. Seminar in Int. Law and Politics....... Graduate .. ..........|Elective. | 2 72 hed trie ee Not given 1911-12. | American Diplomacy ...............4 Graduate, Undergrad... | Elective. | 3 108 ane — ws Not given 1911-12; alternate years. FLIStORY? oes eae eee Resa See Diplomatic History of U.S. ... cc. cece cece e oo cere eee ee enes Elective. | 2 72 sa as | 52 Wittenberg College ..............065 Springfield, Ohio ..... TI TStO RY ees ae tab acsea ad aeece nated wate | International Law ............. 0. ee Senior «2 .....ee eee Elective..} 3 54 285 48 27 Wooster, University of ..........-.. Wooster, Ohio ........ Political Science ............2005 | International Law .............0ee eee Senior, Junior ........ Elective. 3 54 467 30 ees Wyoming, University of............. Laramie, Wyo. ........ Political Economy .......-..+65 International Law ...............6066 SenlOPiccasstas cee sax Elective..| 2 40 156 SoIs 3 a Yale University wc... . cess ccc cee noes New Haven. Conn. ....) Law . 0. wee ee cece cece ee tence International Law .............0. 0008 Second se. iicss cca esis hace Required | 2 36 ae 426 40 ne To become graduate elective course 1912-13. American Diplomatic History ........ Third, Graduate ......|Elective..} 1 36 oe sa aa 8 To be dropped after 1911-12; open to graduates in Department of Philosophy and the Arts. Int. Law in American History.......... Graduate .. ........6. Elective..| 1 36 eee 8 Seminary Course. Philosophy and the Arts ........ International Law ...............005. Senior, Graduate ..... Elective..| 2 72 2,762 148 Diplom. Intercourse, Asiatic Nations. ...| Graduate . . .......... Elective..| 2 72 aac esis Not given 1911-12; open to graduates in the Law ; A Department. < Yankton College ........:e eee cee cence Yankton; Si Daks ics.c2-4} ATS wins aiseaeettec eeaieeaateness International Law .............00000% Senior, Junior, Soph.... {Elective.. | 4 72 102 12 Appendix B PROFESSORS eee INS’ Sinee eins OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1011-1012) ' INSTTERUTION INSTRUCTOR | DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION Mabini, Univeralty of vicccces NORA aitlua |! aes WALeeUe Np ea eee eNA TRA aceneae eae LW BONOGL - guseae ceeagreigensanwens Albved Uulvernlty cocc ccc ccs creer ete en eee ee eeeeee » Morwood, A, Meee at ceveeeeeeee] EEhtoey and) Potltleal Selonee..ccccccecenes Amiherat College soccer Barth Garaaaa Pao aire lian WeAL Groavenor LED ieee vos Modern Government and International Law, Arkanand, University Mi igawiene courtiers ts Davld Yo Vhomaa MWD a. coaf EU atory and Potltleal Selonee cc ccc ees Haltimore Law Sehual oo... : SeOeN KOR Ew veveeeee} George A, Soller, EW ccc cere «| Madama e EAN CH aN ey PRAGMA eg trda A, Leo Kaott, AMG GED eres fl scarey Aaa AE Rado ADR AAG, east koe AU AN Welolt College cicicccces ; is coceereeere| Royal Th Way, Berens, Seema | Polltleal Selemee coc coor eccrine , ‘ rank A, Nett, WAG ohs kA CU aL vf Potltloal Selomee conc crc cc ccc e eee eee Wetlany Cotlege cee Philip serie a WS... artweewk | eareianen ck kee ASAE ROLE Lan pa awa ema ea Mackhurn College Subalst BITTE MOR eatna ets Rev, Walter 1H, Nvndley,. Pad, | Saat AMG a: iad R OK DITA ae Dae IA Dae NS Wonton Cbvermlty cc ccc eve eee eee eens Theodore PY ton, Liu, J. coo enatae J} baw Seloot ccc ah gamelan de Warehenell Unabveralty ccc ees ean M, Helm, phd, baa te ania tnee het NGTa oo] Meonomleat and Political, Selencs, Nr Waren Vitin Catlege ccc cee eee eres ll Ae De WW sianaew esis sedate reas \ J, | Pollteal Sclenee oo... Rime fae aeht Rite Wartlinto, Ulabvenalty ab ees . ; coed Raw CULE RE Jt aw Sehool vicccceeeees A ata ausi aire apa Watler College seccciviaverir tesa radi entries eiewnre Jumen . ‘Randell, hay, Oa ih aah aati | Potitleal Selemee cocc ceca ec ccc e aes a aitet Cullfounla, Ondvernity ab coco cere Max ‘helen, Meh MiAsccccccccec errr ence FP baw Sehool cece LCR MAMA Sai \ Carroll College cocci. canned William A Gantleld, MiAnacreraasoanceaon : Hintory wid Heononblet ccc eee Cathotle University at Amerhen,. we Leuwtt; AiM ci acsdenaaaiieenaak ovina haw Sehool SKA ALM DRAGS RUS HUN . Codarville College ha aos Leroy Afton, PI ccc danni Padltheml Sedomee co cccceceecrs scree even eeee Centenl Lotions Univoraity A, ty Whiteomb, MES asses eee oe CSU OM Os tiers ire PETA RE ORT MONT ‘ Central Wesleyan College, Key, Evpene eee AM, RG sta Mhiloso iy wid Sociology Chattanooga, Univernity ol Jolin S. Vleteher, IWS Lb Me Volieal Sele oo... nahin Pua ANOLE ew Chiemoe bent College at banc. Walwin Wo Uatedee, AM, Bio eE RRNA LUMA LARK ED R O MOMS Ee Ene aeanlertneer ad eegnG aa one Chieago baw Sehoot ' ae eR Lath, Phd... sie hate Lane eu als erkisAWeea ak LALO ORRIN Chieawo, Univeraity at ooo. Viey Us ditdmon, AUMa GE cece law Nehaol; “Datitte al Sebemees ccc Citadel, Vhe oo.iccc. Capt, Jolin Wy Moores. Halitionl Seleuve ; j BOER SE LOHER, mee Clark College ASR A SAIC TSAAR AeA Semen ATAAETG MLNS Hail EL Whakestee, PID... HUatory ce cee : waaay Deena Clark University. GUL Makeemloe, PID cee LUAUOUY 5 ae GA ee Deanne Coe College ccc Clavlea ES UPuehole BIRD ee Palltleml Sclowee coccseeeereercc errr ee eee Colgate Ondverally cc eee nen \ Kverett Wy Goodhue, AM... Iatory and Polithes Colormdo College cocci cocci ete ttre eterna ti tata tens at cians a cae TAME a Se cating belie Politheml Selomee cocccccccccer cece ere cu eene Colorado, University Ub cos IGaaiveiakaeeae eae Jolin AS Riner, Eb cee Taw Sehool ceccccssseeerecerscreeaees C'Oltmbla Culveralty loli Th Moore, A, dt Db Luw Sehools Paculty of Volitical Selene Cornell College ccc Pd AU OS RL OLA thaT EAA lonry Co Stametltt, 1 WI, BOM HOR ein cg hea iitna were aie sadn inea ian a Cornell Universality oi... vA Darts Beh ee et Riu SS. Saby vee | Uatory nul ‘| rohit Wh Selenee ss. Dartmouth College ccc eee eee Veank A, Updyle, Uh, Oss (| Patitieat Selene voce cece eens Detlanee College cocci PETAR CR eR Rone J dlward: Uyer, AMA Se, By ocialodewngnoe sighs IANA RC RAT EEN UIT RRA ON a Drordnon Unbvernlty cocci Clatles Goodell, ALM, | vatitlent & se donee Wiiwit es cad Denver, Univeralty of, Hawi So Dien, Mh, Hlintory and Governuent Panquale Corte, LED acc. Ulatory and) Government He Patw Unbveralty ene Jumen Ro Weaver, AM, SE, IN, Potltheal Selene corcicces CARMAN ane Oui Mekdimon College oo. J Williaa Belelett, bbc : cal GHW: SQhoolk: Gasahivcaciaestimon: «ideas aaa Morrln W, Prince, Sea i aaasad va Hintory Sa MAA ene OF aURGnRES Pypadee Uviveralty ccc eee ‘ oe 1, Tlerelot, PRD. «| Law Sehool; "Soeial Seloncan Harthan College, aNd Anibal ar ioriacedicieech t anrieeanhal Woodward, PhD. of Potitieut Se louee sna tanaka Wanteen College cocoon : be etre ie batt Me Hargrove... San of EElatory ane Neanmic w Saeteae Wlon College vaccccrrcneres ‘ Pee ad 4 aR DAR RP ; a LO, Reilineii, b M, ‘A. Db, History and Soelat Setenes WoC) Amel PID ccc v| Tdtory and: Soelab Selonee Wwlrg College coccecccreccc veneer es maaiisnatene } ; Wiican Gali’ Ree aaandea arte a voce | EP Pttory aid Potitleat Setenee cae ; MWiademount College cccccccccce eer eeee eens ; ; ies Wrauke A, Net! M.A, atti: oP UU tory and Potldeab Setemea. ccc ccs Vrantlin College (ind), sha falibatkestkeavates veces} Heorrvott ©) Palnor, "AWM cccs cocoa} Polithoal Selenmee cocci eer Caer rere ranktin College (Ohta) PAA Cnet ane ite cen itinnaey cave) Rev, ALM, ( ‘wmpbell, PWD DAD cs of PAttomoptiy ame Ene ne Vranklin and Mavahall College. ccccccccccc cree | Anselin V. Elleater, MMi vcccececccecescceeef Politlowt and) Soelal Selonee. co... a ean Mredorleleaburg College coccicecccecr ces Rea . AR. GC) Glppard, AW ccc cena PURSE ih Aclaornnertichiy passa Gallaudet College coccccceseeeerc cece secur anes Ot Day M.. Mae RNGaaawaa tees ; ‘ GAN ONCE ANUONG EVA Unt ae ; Coorgotown Undverally cocscccccccer ere cee enc eees coca} Plante Taylor, l, fica es feist Law Sehool . Coy hiie George Washington Bhitversliy: ae cxauet {Charter Hh, Qtoekton, LED, Re, «Adu US. SN, Liaw Schaal ‘Patitloat Se FIGs. sx aorkvasarn Lealle ©, MeNomur, A, Ne, ina vf Potielont Salome corcccrcee cere cere sees German Wallace College cocccccce ccc ce cee eee evens Wenty Cy Ware, WD ADM ccs eka v| Hiatory and: Politleal Keanomy Sess failed Goahen College cocci - aes caning Honey Smuth, bby AM. Seatac Laura ina 4 Palltlent Selomeo cocccceeeeceeneccens ‘eis Grinnell College at arisnmantit a De Loi a toan ee Beatle ie Mavy, GED leeand vef Polltloal Sclonee veccecerecreer reece ey 43 THXT Luwrence, Lawrence, Davia, Davia; Wilwony Seott's Cases, Lawrence; Scott's Cages, Lawrence, Wilion and Tucker, Luwrence, Luwrenee, Lawrence, Seott's Chaes, Woolkey; Lawrence, Seott'h Casens Terihey Davy, Woolsey Davie. Davin, Wilson, Diving Lawrence, Snow's Canes, Davie, Wilwon and ‘Poeleer, Wilnon and ‘Trekker, Lawrence, Hall; Wertlatee, Lawrence, Lawrence, Wihton and Tueker, Hlall; Lawrenee; Wilion and Tueker, Lawrence, ae eat ea Seott'n Cason; Lawrence, Seotla Caden; Wition and Pucker, Davila, Lawrence, Lawrence, Woolrey, Lawrenes, Gallaudet, Glenn, Seott'a Cases, Luwrence; Scott's Cuaen, Wilson and Tucker, Appendix B—Continued 44 PROFESSORS AND INSTRUCTORS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1911-1912) INSTITUTION | INSTRUCTOR DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION | TEXT Grove City College ....... ccc cece cece eee Weir C. Ketler, A.M........ 0... cece eee eee History and Political Science..............- Lawrence. Hamilton College ........... 0. ccc cece eee cen e eee nee Frank H. Wood, Ph.D.................2 000 American History ........cceeceeee ence eens Lawrence. Hamilton College of Law.........-..cccccecccceceeee ©. Martin Alsagar; LUA Bicnces ca ceacnus anne | aaeaccuteaens sea gase seers sanyiebie mee Dee ase Wilson and Tucker. Hanover College. UP eGAadand Lea eau rua eeu aene eG Arthur M. Hadley, A.B............ cece eee ee History and Social Science...........-...0.- Lawrence. Harvard University ......... cc cccecce ce cuccsaneceees Eugene Wambaugh, A.M., LL.D............ Taw School: 2.453 i< signtstoaw eased dwis apenas Scott’s Cases; Wilson and Tucker. George G. Wilson, Ph.D., LL.D. ............ Government... . : Daniel B. Priest, A.B...... cece cece ee eee Government ...... Hastings College ..........- cscs eee cee enee eee e reese Martin Remp, A.B........ ccc cece eee eee eee Political Science Davis. Heidelberg University ...........-. esse c eee cece eee Francis W. Kennedy............. 02. cee e eee History and Social Science................ Lawrence Howard University ......... 00. ccc cece cece e eee eee William H. Richards, LL.M................0. Law School) i vicssaailsaeamaetetarecanaiaa ters Woolsey. George W. Cook, A.M., LL.M.............. International and Commercial Law......... Davis. Idaho, ‘College: of: scceeeccd honed vvad dane tence eaves H. H. Hamnan, A.M...... cece eee eee eee Bible and Sociology .........eee cece eee e eens Lawrence. Hlinois: College: ss ac ssa c ec vsccaeiawinews. aa deadiale baseeaaaron DO. Clark, AuMe. ons 3 oosaaie sed cesSooeee Political Science: ..ccsccdiesieteeanss aman seers Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Illinois College of Law ......... cc cee eee cence eee Be Bie Pane; DCL iacad dared tara ercvacnniee seiieesinie tt ai ersielaie’e wis vie eG iouareie se wwelera gas) duced anesans ORDO Hall. Tllinois: Law Schools ses eiasuwneeex sess cud ens vaewes e545 Robert.:W. Gunnell, BS. LEBies.35s escecaae| aba beds sia ec seeenga dels es es saeelnde se eieieieisins , Illinois, University Of 1.0.00... cece cece cee ene e eens James W. Garner, Ph. Ds eo mecenas Political Science .4..cisccudeieeenssaiukad aye Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. J. M. Mathews, Ph.D............ cece eevee Political Science ....... ccc ccc eee ee eeee Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Indiana University: 002i shuceeseceseanens os eaemee eons Amos S. Hershey, Ph.D...............00 00 Law School; History and Political Science..}] Hershey; Lawrence. Indianapolis, University of, Indiana Law School...... Hon. Addison C. Harris................00005 Law: ‘School icc sccceagocsex ss tos in eweneeobs Iowa, State University of........... cece eee eee eee Frank E. Horack, Ph.B., LL.B.............. Law School; Political Science .............. Scott’s Cases; Wilson and Tucker. lowa State Teachers’ College .............c cece eeeeee Charles Meyerholz, Ph.D................00 06 Government... dauqevasecece sa eeeaeeea ys ee Wilson and Tucker. James Millikin University ............. 2c cece eee eee AP Malls; ALM. csveselsasied cae sia so scare History and Political Science............... John Marshall Law School ............ 0 sce e cece eens George Ei Adams» As Misicis bce o 4 od acentiaincs 6 6ullled eke aie entinenuas ane eee Har eseie tach esis abun sarees at bse. Robinson. Johns Hopkins University ............c ccc e cece e eee James B. Scott, J.U.D., LL.D................ Political Science .......... cece cece eee e eens Kalamazoo College .......0 cece eee ect eee nee renee ens B.A, Balch; PRD sc cccckcosecesces tadaeenes Social: ‘Sc1venc€S cscisisates vaciee en sacguu ener es Scott’s Cases; Davis. Kansas State Agricultural College........ 0... ccc cece] cece eee cece eect ee ee eee eee e tense ee enna History and CivicS ......ccc cece cece eee eee Wilson and Tucker. Kansas; University Of s.c0cc220. . sea seis be ge iwi sees ase Frank H. Hodder, Ph.M................0066 History and Political Science............... Lawrence. Kansas City School of Law ............. ss seen ee eee Hon. R. B. Middlebrook.......... 0. ccf cee cece eee eee reece eens tiie cineron aeitrenteshGdeccahe Kansas City University ........... ccc cece cece eee e eee J.-C. Walliams), AUVMisscccas of esceciscas foes History and Social Science................05 Kentucky, State University of Heary S.. Barkers, sLL.Ds ve onatis apace tans | Law School ....... cee eee eee c eee c eee Lawrence. Kenyon College .........cceceeeceeceeeceneees SIRs Se Devos MA a scnctisieccisies ll ucsnisd aoecharaen ets < HistOry 43 aaeeeidaccccs com unsuemmar eden Lawrence. Lafayette College: saiecs osigeeaosanonisaes ed.ocet hii ues By Dy, Wark: Ul Mcacccudesecnciest ase History and Social Science..............000. Lawrence. Lake Forest College ......... ccc eee eee ete eee een eneee John J. Halsey, M.A., LL.D........... 0... Political Science ........ 6. sees eee eee ee ees Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Lawrence. College: 0. s.ssscees seas aside cecnas senna oe J. G. Rosebush, AM. (Resigned).......... Political Science: ci cccvveccessadswrcaedacesss Lawrence. Leander Clark College ......... cc cece eee e eee eee eee C. R. Shotto, AM Le ae ee eae Dan Nada EDIStOLY 5 (x ose ae vedv iw scams Beas ween Wilson and Tucker. Lebanon Valley College .......... cc cece cece eee eens Hy, Fl. Shefiky AGM ouigicci seccsaicee sas History and Political Science............+++ Lawrence. Lehigh University s.ccssccsssesecsincee caste stecacves John L. Stewart, Ph.B............. 0.0 eee Economics and History ................0005 Snow’s Cases. Leland Stanford Junior University ................06% Charles H. Huberich, J.U.D., LL.D.......... Taw School! :iiiscicokein dese sscaaas eens Scott’s Cases. Lincoln Memorial University .......... ccc cece cence ee] cece cence eee e eee ee en eens enstnteearecceccnse| vee pet enees Caeeee TIN DOSIOR TENE STR SRR mE PETS Lombard College ..... ccc ccc cece ccc cent een nee] Cee n eee eee nee eee eens eee teen e eee scene etee Political Science ......... cece eee eee eee Louisiana State University Arthur T. Prescott, M.A........... 00000 eee Law School; Political Science................ Snow’s Cases: Wilson and Tucker. Loyola, University: ses eee ssie sai sei ieeicin diesen ness sleieceee || Gyaielald erode lente wes aaiwecwie sea vee Wesewa dea Ta pees | Fete ts ae slemew Loud naasaiudenss cree engenhiles ; Macalester College ........ Rev. George W. Davis, Ph.D., D.D.......... Social and Political Science..............0065 Davis. Maine, University of 10.0.0... . ec cece eee e ee eee eee eee William E. Walz, LL.B., Litt.D............ Law School ....... isha nat an evainleutieaidd-eceseig ate Lawrence. G. W. Stephens, Ph.D.............00cc eee Economics and Sociology ..............+++ McKendree College ........cccecceecenc eee eneeeeenees BP. “Bakker; 2AsM seacicwaies yeesiwnls aacieiea tos FHistory . 6. ccc c ee cecee sete eee e eet n eee eeeees Lawrence. McMinnville College ........ 0. cc cece cece e eee e ences Isabel M. Grover, A.B...........000 cece eee History ciccsus Gultvisew na ta baraweees Latacwwonten Wilson and Tucker. McPherson College ......... 0c. e eee e cence tenet eens QO: We Baldwins AcM eeuns cattesstabdawae ois | Mer ceteiaaenet ete tadainen sedeabAedwanin eves Woolsey Marietta College ius cccisides rc cenaeeeeevescreneeenes A. BE. Morse; Phe Desi eidicncen scuniepaeaagncy Political Science and History..............6 Hall. Marquette University ......... 0 cece cece ccc e eee e ee] cece cece ete eter eeenteeteeeesctecrereeesete| seenteeeeeeeees Rive aigesidcstaeialesuue scares wane rae RY Scott’s Cases. Maryland Agricultural College ................. se sees Frank B. Bomberger, B.S., A.M............5. GIVICS: A 5) kane ae seb ane Beer ae eee Lawrence; Wilson and Tucker. Maryland, University Of .......cc esse eee e ee ee een enee Henry Stockbridge, LL.D................-.. Law School 10.2... sseeeee ee eee eee teen eeee Wilson, Maryville College .......ccece cee c cence et ee ent n tees Jasper C. Barnes, Ph.D........... 0.00. eee ee Political Science «11... sess eee eens eee eee ees Davis; Hall; Scott’s Cases. Massachusetts Institute of Technology ................ Charles F. Currier, A.M.................005 History and Political Science.............60% Wilson and Tucker. Mercer University .....cccccssccccecscecrccscececeres Andrew W. Lane, A.B............ 0. eee eee ee Law: School! scicciacnccrctin tad vaca taateraeees Glenn. Michigan, University of ........ cscs eee ee eee t eee nee Victor H. Lane, C.E., LL.B...............68, Daw ec wel sdeak cna cau winicune aos haw dL andialens Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Jesse S. Reeves, Ph.D................ 0.008 ' Political eerie any Macaitas sitelen dee aoe Middlebury College 1.1.2.0... 0c cece cece cee eee eee es Guy B. Horton, A.M.................. 000. Political and Social Science..............0006 Lawrence. Minnesota, University Of ......... ccc cee e eee ee eens Henry J. Fletcher, LL.M.................... Eaw School) siascseeecaos oo eahine anaes sabes Davis. Cephas D. Allin, M.A., LL.D................ Political Science ......... cc eee cee eee Scott’s Cases. Missouri, University of ......... 0. cece cece eee n eee eeee John D. Lawson, LL.D.............. 000 e eee Law School .......csseeeeeee cece eeeeenenees Missouri Valley College ..........ceeeee eee eee e eens Belle. C.. Huff, A:Bis sccnceg coeugice niu eees HUstory 21. cece eee eet eee eee tere cette eens Woolsey. Monmouth College ......... cece cece eee nee e eens Rev. Russell Graham, A.M., D.D............ Social Science ........seeeeee seen eens ea Lawrence. Montana, University Of ....... cece cece eect ee nets Clyde A. Duniway, Ph.D.................00. School of Law; History and Economics..... Scott’s Cases. Moores Hill College. ........ 0... cece eee eee eeenennene Charles E. Torbet, A.M...........0ceeee eee Political and Social Science..............06. Wilson and Tucker. Appendix B—Continued 45 INSTITUTION Morningside College Mount Union College Muskingum College ........... ccc cece cece eee e eee eees National University Law School Nebraska, University of Nebraska Wesleyan University Nevada, State University of Newberry College New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts New Windsor College .......... ccc ccc ccc cece eens New York, College of the City of New York Law School New York University North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic ATS ds Sas es 3 aise Cavacionsscaemaae tees aeeke s North Carolina, University of North-Western College 2.0.0... 0.00. ccc cece cece eee Northwestern University Norwich University: co voccaeidssAvdsanee iw eeeey eens Notre Dame, University of ....... 0. ccc cece eee eee nee Oberlin College Ohio. University xeyc.iedli vere onedeesdva vd cee e vedas Qhio. ‘State. University -oaie cu ciee ad dic eaioge eae ees Oklahoma, University of Omaha, University (Of seceesck passed sada dasa eccusd Oregon Agricuitural College Oregon, University of Otterbein: University cise veadavsiges ohisimy dalelaainee eda eee Pacific, College of the Pacific University Pomona College Park ‘College: oi. ccccs bocaeectka ee $e aE eee ba De SE Se Pennsylvania College ........... cc ccc cence eee n ee eeeee Pennsylvania State College ......... 0... ccc cece eee Pennsylvania, University of Philomath College Pike* College. sisucka daadunbas ay cans omens eudan stnenes Pittsburgh, University of Princeton University ......... ccc eee cece eee enn eeee Puget Sound, University of Radcliffe College Redfield; College = 20 .ccomsnnu vend sacadg ea woumeeetes kio Grande College Ripon - College? « siiisvc weaacueda £3.05 cedauwtannceaness Rochester, University of Rutgers: College: 2s se cicacns sa en Saaeee ined gawenie es St. John’s College (Md.)........... 0... cece eee eee St. John’s University (Minn.)................00000- St. Lawrence University St. Louis University .......... 000 ccc ccc cece eee eee Santa Clara, University of Shurtleff College: « sdisccsacoes viegaGeee ease eneas sa vaets South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Me- Ghanic™Arts: as ccwtadan tana Ghonwire sesieaaente a eae South Dakota, University of Southern University .......... ccc cece ccc cece ee eens Southern California, University of Susquehanna University INSTRUCTOR HeoOW5 SE wanee 2ca.e' odes itetnalaneewaditee ee Hosmer J. Webster, A.M., Ph.M TH. (Raden, Avs witeiceis peaiewee avd eucaia eye George B. Davis, Maj. Edwin Maxey, D.C.L., Ph.M E. H. Wells, A.M., Ph.B Robert: Lewers' dics ecec ss saiokes 3s ocake nee George B. Cromer, A.M., LL.D J. H. Vaughan, A.M George O. Brilhart................000 00000 William B. Guthrie, Ph.D William M. Collier, A.M................0008 Francis W. Aymar, M.A., J.D Marshall S. Brown, M.A C. W. Bowman, A.M., B.D Charles C. Hyde, A.1 Norman D. Harris, Ph.D Frank Plumley, LL.D...............-..0000 William Hoynes, A.M., LL.D................ Timothy E. Howard, A.M., LL.D Karl IF. Geiser, Ph.D...........0 00... cee eee Henry W. Elson, Ph.D., Litt.D George W. Knight, Ph.D John Alley; A.B encces ave ce side as aees ox 4 pane Edward R. Burke, A.M., LL.B Ralph D. Hetzel, LL.B..................004. James D. Barnett, Ph.D Charles Snavely, Ph.D Allen M. Kline, Ph.D....... cee eee | Lester B. Shippee, A.M ‘Charles G. Neeley, B.L j Jo Matthews; cAGB vc e.is. esaeceae sani kewaieee' John A. Hines, LittiDs.csscccecascandieoa cous Edwin A. Cottrell, BA......... 0.0... cee eee Leo S. Rowe, Ph.D., LL.D Ellery C. Stowell, | Ek. H. Castle, A.B Taal Mi. Colitis so. ccpssces ta crea etowak wns | Francis N. Thorpe, Ph.D.................... | Edward Elliott, Ph.D................ iene Walter S. Davis, M.A Rev. J. M. Davis, Ph.D., D.D............ O. J. Marston, A.M...............0....00488 William C. Morey, Ph.D., D.C.L Austin Scott, Ph.D., LL.D............0..0.0.... R. E. Fisher, Lieut. U.S.A.................. Rev. Alcum Deutsch, O.S.B Edward S. Corwin, Ph.D Frederic C. Foster, M.A Sterling E. Edmunds....................... Edwin Coolidge, LL.B..............0.0. 0.004. Grover C. T. Graham, A.M P. B. Peyton, Lieut. U.S.A Harry Vanneman, LL.M Theodore H. Jack, A.M..............000.... Willoughby Rodman, A.B., B.J...... 2.2... Roy Malcolm, Ph.D H. N. Follmer, A.M George G. Wilson, Ph.D. LL.D. ............ DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION History and Economics...........seeseeeeees History and Political Science Political Science Law School; American History; Jurispru- dence and Public Law ............. eee eee History and Political Science Law, COMMEFPCE.. 4. Sica taeeceaa etensentnda tana Classical. sc 2iciscars eae as eae aw loeein tees Political. Science: ci sccciccee oe ed onaeeceiweaees Daw: School! sicccos so eetead nteandhosenena ese Political Science Social Sciences Law Schooll sian cccudwraddiamunnnanceneesee FLISTORY ata o Sesea-voaecee a awa ears terete ewe Law School eaw School: -s¢ccasa sc saaer cd wateaeeag eons Journalism... Political Science 2.2.24 cacese dees ee ews siesta History and Political Science Political Science Political Science Arts and Sciences Political Science Political Science: 2. danasas ss excad 4 qeaies aes Economics and Sociology............0eeeeee Political Science ......... 0.0. cece cece eee | History and Political Science................ ‘Constitutional History and Law.............. ELISEORY sa Scocly acsionaiaiy sacn aie dni shied wi hetalnvecw a caudate Political Science Political Science Wharton School; Graduate School School of Economics ...............0..000- History, Politics and Economics Political Science and Law Political Science Economics .. . Political: Serene: 25 viveiews owas-anaawaricnanweee History and Political Science Political Science Philosophy ... Law School. vacs.caviaciaatiec he satseaie ceaees Political Economy Law School Law School Malta ry’ spé.ec ice misled aves aaa nude oy eek ew aa Law School; History and Political Science. . History... Baw School .snavienwssscexidisonte see es euerees College of Liberal Arts Economics . . PLStONY: & sas: Maidindalns Saree eames eaaer esas | PROFESSORS AND INSTRUCTORS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1911-1912) TEXT Maxey. Scott’s Cases; Wilson and Tucker. Davis. Maxey. Lawrence. Lawrence. Woolsey. Woolsey. Gallaudet. Scott’s Cases; Woolsey. Scott’s Cases. Davis; Scott’s Cases. Hall; Lawrence. Scott’s Cases. Davis. Davis; Hall. Wilson and Tucker; Woolsey. Wilson and Tucker. Lawrence. Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Davis. Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Davis. | Woolsey. Wilson and Tucker. Davis. Lawrence. Lawrence. | Hall; Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Wilson and Tucker. Lawrence; Scott’s Cases. Hall. Davis; Scott’s Cases. Woolsey. Lawrence. Davis. Davis. Cathrein, “Philosophia Moralis.” Lawrence; Snow’s Cases. Woolsey; Lawrence. Taylor. Wilson and Tucker. Davis. Lawrence. Hershey; Scott’s Cases. Wilson and Tucker. Lawrence. Appendix B—Continued 46 PROFESSORS AND INSTRUCTORS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW (1911-1912) INSTITUTION INSTRUCTOR DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION TEXT Syracuse University .........c cece cece eee nsec eeees Stephen M. Coon, A.M., LL.B................ College Of Law ccsaavvosaieiaeses ueveu seis | Earl (Eo Sperry; Ph. Dviiicae ghia cana cores FLIStOLY vaio. ccralsleon ieee anne an Macatee |Lawrence. Taylor University’ 3.5)c.ccsdscsvee ioetinne enya eees eke Be W. Ayres; “PH Dic casteas cea sasiads-pee os History and Political Science...............- Woolsey. Tennessee, University of ........... 0... cece eee eee Charles W. Turner, A.M..............0.000. Law School; Constitutional History.......... Lawrence. Texas Christian University........... 0.0... .0. 222 eee E.R. Cockrell, AcM,,. Tub Miki ccanalscedee den History and Social Science...............555 Woolsey. Texas, University of Stockton. Utah; University” Of. .iaes sarcaadnonie teaerimes a aee es | William G. Roylance, B.S................005- Law School; History and Political Science..|Scott’s Cases. Vermont; University Of 12 cose neaeddenideeak ds nd ias or | Edmund C. Mower, A.M., LL.B.............. History and Political Science................ Wilson and Tucker. Virginia, “University Ofj.16 cise swig gewee etnies eeaaiee Raleigh C. Minor, M.A., LL.B.............. Law: SCHOO) csan-nccaguined antes cian bn oenen Davis. Wabash College c.ecsciccncaaaics ved os eeaisaa ee ewes | Charles A. Tuttle, Ph.D................0000. Political Science ..........cc cece eee eee Wake Forest College ........ 0. cece e eee e ee eee e eee | Edgar W. Timberlake, LL.B................ jaw School! 's2a2%saacwardeex ey aa stkantieseee a Davis. Washburn: College: cincyicn escicseveicou nm taiied oe cleilecsts Edwin E. Brookens, LL.B.................. I Tawe School ec-seuiea se aauscestes soisoadaaooers Scott’s Cases. Washington College of Law .............0... 0c eee ee Walter Sv Penfield, “A.Bi LLB ecco esate aaa s cede vatican ’s Melee etn coe palette Wilson and Tucker. Washington, State College of.............. ee cee eee ee A. E: Evans, PhiDised sec suidla vee veas cannon | Economics, Science and History............. Scott’s Cases. Washington University .......... 0 cece cece e cence eee Edward C. Eliot, A.M., LL.B.............+..] Law School .......c0e sc cee seer ence ence cease Lawrence. Marshall S. Snow, A.M., LL.D.............. | Arts and Sciences ........... 0 cece cece e eee Washington, University of ........... cece eee eee eee Thomas: 9; Belles scsuscncceeeevaccsad dans 5S ' Political and Social Science...............5 Washington and Jefferson College................00- Rev. Henry W. Temple, D.D................ History and Political Science..... pisdocea mea Lawrence. Washington and Lee University .................00005 John H. Latané, Ph.D..................008- Law School; College .................00008 Wilson. Washington and Tusculum College .................. F. W. Alexander, A.M...............0000 08 | Political and Social Science................ Western Reserve University ..............000eeeeeee Augustus R. Hatton, Ph.D.................. | Political SCréHce: «ccs cena ee sanes Sale dt newes Wilson and Tucker. West Lafayette College .......... 0. c cece cece eee Gi Wet Coles MES. 4 Fiat carte stearic Coulee? satecustiotted Me Aea on toss adh rata Masctce Mercian a Mah ata her acral mer drar etna Lawrence. Westminster College (Pa.) ..........cccceee cece eens Rev. James O. Campbell, A.M., D.D.......... | History and Political Science................ Westminster Colleges Chex: )ig.acsicc-no eceiec-c oe dn ptins ae | ask ath Solein wih? Sams edad Da somone oe bakers Political. Science: os5.c. asad eece eae seecdieres West Virginia University ............. cece cee eee eeee James M. Callahan, Ph.D.................... History and Political Science.............66. West Virginia Wesleyan College ................000. We Ja Rylande vc aainduote teenGe 5 wound roses History and Political Science.............6-. Lawrence. William Jewell College ............ ccc cece cece eens Elmer C. Griffith, Ph.D................. _....| History and Political Science...............- Wilson and Tucker. William and Mary, Csllege of ............ ccc cece eee Lyon G. Tyler, A.M., LL.D...............004. Political Science 1.0.0... . 2... e eee eee eee Davis. William and Vashti College ..............cccce ee eueee F. C. English, A.M., D.D.................. Political and Social Sciences................. Davis. Wisconsin, University of ......... ccc ccc cece eee Selden G. Lowrie, M.A, ................0000. Law ‘School. scs05 danseacediacwse wed eee ties a8 Grace the Scott’s Cases. Paul S. Reinsch, Ph.D.............0........ Political SCIENCE? i eareg anes no nal ead Baran Scott’s Cases; Lawrence; Hall. Wittenberg College: csc.cosawi indice aeeteck ote es B,.Fe Prince, PRD ij. cece soe cov vasetoe Gees THIStOLY a: ees nese gerd hte ih souwan gamit Davis. Wooster, University of ....... 0c cece eee cece ete u eens Robert G. Caldwell, A.B.................... Political Science ........... 0.0: c cece eee ees Lawrence. Wyoming, University of ......... cece ccc eee eee e ees Beverly C. Daly, Lieut., U.S.A.............. Political Economy ............00 0c cece eens Davis; Lawrence. Grace R. Hebard, Ph.D...................... Political Economy ........... 0. cc cece eee Davis; Lawrence. Valeo University: 22c.ccwavendsaewesGingt idee eet as Gordon E. Sherman, Ph.B., LL.B............ Law; Philosophy and the Arts.............. Wilson. Theodore S. Woolsey, LL.D................ Tea Wee ence ie ese ab eine 3 Sa wrote Mane Cee Yankton College ....... 0c. c cece cece cece tee eeeeeees W. L. Schuppert M.A................. 000 ee ATS lei eae a atlar oak ells ae nea os Lawrence. Appendix C INSTRUCTORS IN RELATED SUBJECTS 47 INSTITUTION INSTRUCTOR COURSE Albion College 2.2.0... 0... cece cece eee e eee Frank T. Carlton, Ph.D................0005 International Arbitration. Berea, College: ccc csscgadanecxeneee hoes sola) oie sens takna ceases eds Hosanna vasa eu neeee Diplomatic History of the U. S. Brown University .............ccsee eee eens John C. Dunning, LL.B., Ph.D.............. International Relations. Bucknell University .............. 0.0 eee eee Ephraim M. Heim, Ph.D.................05. American Diplomacy. Cedarville College svassacxeieksdat setae adee Leroy Allen, Ph.B................ ccc cece ees International Politics. Chicago, University of ................0 eee Harry P. Judson, A.M., LL.B...............- Recent Diplomatic History of Europe. . : Frederick D. Bramhall, Ph.B................ Diplomatic History of the U. S. Colorado, University of ................000 John Burton Phillips, Ph.D................. Consular and Diplomatic Service. : : . James F. Willard, Ph.D.................... Modern Internationalism. Columbia University ............2-.e eens John B. Moore, A.B. LL.D................ History of European Diplomacy; History of American Diplomacy. Cornell University .......... 0... e eee e eee eee Jeremiah W. Jenks, Ph.D., LL.D............ International Politics. Dartmouth College ............ cece eee eens Frank A. Updyke, Ph.D...............0 000 History of American Diplomacy. Denver, University of ............... eee eee David S. Duncan, Ph.D........... 0.02. eee ee Practice of Diplomacy; History of American Diplomacy. George Washington University .............. C. Clinton Swisher, LL.D.................-.. History of American Diplomacy. : Charles H. Stockton, LL.D.................. Elements of Diplomacy. Grinnell College: occcciuasiaisdan canueeiesan» John W. Gannaway, A.M...............20005 Diplomatic History of the U. S. Harvard University ..............00. 0.0000) George G. Wilson, Ph.D., LL.D.............. American Diplomacy. | Albert B. Hart, Ph.D., LL.D................ American Diplomacy. H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College...... J. A. C. Mason, A.M........... 020. c cece eee Contemporary International Politics. Illinois, University of .............00 eee eee | James W. Garner, Ph.D.............-...06. American Diplomacy. Indiana University ............... 00.00 eae | Thomas LeG. Harris, A.B............00.0 005 American Diplomatic History. Johns Hopkins University .................. James B. Scott, J.U.D., LL.D................ Principles and Practice of Diplomacy. Leland Stanford Junior University.......... David S. Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D.............. International Arbitration and Conciliation. Edward B. Krehbiel, Ph.D.................. International Arbitration and Conciliation. Louisiana State University .................. Walter L. Fleming, Ph.D...............00 00s History of Diplomacy. Michigan, University of ................0005 | Jesse S. Reeves, Ph.D.............00..2 000 History of American Diplomacy. Middlebury College a es Srna Se test ab eave eG Be ate | Archibald D. Wetherell, A.M..............-- American Diplomatic History. Minnesota, University of................. 0005 Cephas D. Allin, M.A., LL.D................ Diplomacy. Nebraska, University of ..............0000ee Edwin Maxey, D.C.L., Ph.M.............-06- American Diplomacy; European Diplomacy. Nebraska Wesleyan University ............. | Big Fas WEES, agi adie ce eich tered Wee eee Garena ate World Politics. North-Western University ..............505- James A. James, Ph.D............. ec eee eee Diplomatic History of the U. S. Norman D, Harris, Ph.D................0065 European Diplomacy and World Politics. Oberlin: College jo c2. ces doo hams iene ee Aes Karl BF. Geiser, PH.D ic. sccccaicn nese neaes American Diplomacy. Ore oe ee seeaacrvnen tobias aay poe Ph Dy wove res esi as acioes Problems in International Politics; History of American Diplomacy.