Menedad tal eg ky rn meio Prive Aa hee ee beapabdatenaierieieeiet He a Spake Bierseeeii bebatensniie ne ceter hee Le Pais alae rfoasg pene ik eS ered pennies pls aes — pe nt om ka en st ee ere are ans See =. pidicchettatieintateminscrseosbeit haters ae a Gmtenicaah Phalesstoaphns saga ah oteeat tena Ay et Sali Ledacashesh anaes en dndet mane = ne rh eee ion tere ar at a on = 2 = ete scbathpseoaensiey cas happen eA Sas os pocket e ba = : says, ber eretcstote se alel eteas oz = a aur, 3s ceemted ateaptorenetatn name a ene a a eae a ens, Lie pa neem meme-aeaes Seefectiecert erptechent ocisbeeecesediocar ee elena ee ee = — iss Resse Pec pelasirie arenes ui oeer a eres ena eat a sted i in ee a a nn pe aS = one cer eer Lele inetere bee eae tet ° ei as eels Srtneatl oe Sahin, Piel medgatantpet nite Orbe eer a edge Erin ae eens Cae aetna ae eat oy i 5 = ip ioe rte aia tnd peg te ee ener ae atte ene ple en oe Ci are rae tietrine Arts eer ee fe rr ieee Renate Cate aah Pht eesrioianes ee einer eed Eeerusaasete — cates epi ry les tows = a ee peer re airs Sntenpnet eee Se en ee Bere et ere Eee tial ier Seat ae 5 res ae pena Te ers [ f or ostueratal _ a. = of Cees 2 on Eletgiehp peti aarp eet ieee 5 = = ~ Caan nes ro marar en re one peesetiie rs pares ee a ene eT ee eo ea eS toons nen eomnet ——— an = os ee ree ete ee eed Oe eT — ett eens partes Fr eterr ee eer race pag Fife porter mt mefere ned aes taeade shoo ase z aon et ne ~— Rie posites rp re & epmrrre pert rotation we rapete Yor fe se wtb preemie) FE rg co Forearm aoe tN ee en OL mn ce enews meee eater irs eS el ae a EEE iP Pace fDi a Ane I ag To os ae reaieen ni rein eaestrrerst PT arty tars hen instep ny yee ty SSE ei reat ier Panes errareere ee en oy . ee EPP ener eR pope hoy oa eae rit oe : tte Brrr tira t eet asa pervert rf Dieta eee ers reves Pe ener piwios es En penn 728 CS9 Nar CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ENGINEERING Cornell University Libra UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WLAND | ag 'WILLOUGHE, Ni. D 4 ; 5 i ‘ ar os ! 11 wey Lb | A sty ——. . | | “See ae bil — Gla. A 4 a Dag ; fevensvile —— L : 3 * AST fonda : St Cas i 1 | : = 4 é tJ ch A : 1 i CAYUGA! | 1 *Byng joe { r Oo UN N ee (a }~n, sSoutbCayuge Ax SHERBROOKE Wir Rainham — Port y Tw ESS WZ = a = z —— _ — ae = a. a -— << | : | — eet | a | me | -" ee j ere ye | wer Pd 51? | net sh CIA. < y——artow bo Vs | = KW GHTNA bewo < 1 Yvan 4— Sy | —~ ‘a Will-how® o* A Sra hes i lb a old MygaTilew STRATIGRAPHIC MAP “2 PORTAGE DIVISION RY ON / Sf Pf s ' Wi SY Sy MEN: —e eT ~ on PM TI Cole Oe en apa Wy : oe MS WAT Eater IN WESTERN NEW YORK by JOHN M.CLARKE AND D. DANA LUTHER 1903. Middlesex Cashaqua Rhinestreet Hatch — Grimes Westthil Dunkirk Portage Wiscoy Laona black shales éray shales black shales shales&tlags sandstone sands black shales sandstone shales (“Long Beards Riffs | Angola shale Silver One ik shale Portland shale sandstone in n western district western district western district bette Serene niente inna eR Eee eee een anette estas anTSantemNeRTen ste SHG ee TSRAGRRRSGR AERTS Sete SEGt SReRER SRE STRESS 78°30 78° 10° 7 JOHN M.CLARKE,STATE PALEONTOLOGIST 78°10" 77°30" 77°00’ 43°00} STRATIGRAPHIC MAP OF 'THE TAGE DIVISION TY WESTERN NEW YORK by JOHN M.CLARKE AND D. DANA LUTHER 19038. h Grimes WestHill Dunkirk Laona Mags sandstone sands black shales shales (“Long Beards Riffs (?) ) shale Silver reek shale Portland shale sandstone n n istrict western district western district : 3 = Yash 78° 10° 77°30 77°00’ J. B.LYON COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS. University of the State of New York New York State Museum FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Director Joon M. CuarkeE State Paleontologist Memoir 6 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK PART 2 BY JOHN M. CLARKE - Introduction - - - 199 | Some additional species of thisfauna - 344 The sea of Portage time - 199 | Development of the Intumescens fauna 3 Lake Oneonta - - - 205 outside of New York -- 350 Nonmarine stages succeeding Range of species in the Chautauqua Lake Oneonta - 207 and Naples subprovinces - 359 Bionic provinces of the Appalachian Vertical range of species in the gulf during Portage time 209 Lake Erie section (Chautauqua 1 Oneonta province - 209 subprovince) 356 2 Ithaca province - - 209 Vertical range of species in the 3 Genesee province - 210 Naples section - 358 Dissemination of the subprovincial Geographic distribution of the fauna ‘ faunas in the Appalachian gulf 212 of the Genesee province 360 Comparisons of stratigraphic sections Distinctive features of the subpro- in the Genesee province 212 vincial faunas 365 Naples section - - 212 | Correlation of the fauna of the Gene- Genesee river section 213 see province with the Intumes- Lake Erie section 214 cens fauna of Europe - 367 Bionomic character of the fauna - 21s | Relation of the fauna to the black Lamellibranchiata - - 216 shales - 372 The Cardioconch condition 217 | Summary é 5 z 382 Other components of the fauna 218 | Explanation of plates - 385 Descriptions of species - - - 21g | Index - - - 439 ALBANY UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1904. 1892 1878 1877 1877 1881 1881 1883 1885, 1890 1890 1893 1895 1895 1897 1g00 I9gOI 1901 1902 1903 1903 1903 1903 A170 Boy University of the State of New York REGENTS With years of election WILLIAM CroswELL Doane D.D. LL.D. Chancellor Albany WuiteLaw Reip M.A. LL.D, Vice Chancellor - New York. Cuauncey M. Depew LL.D. - - 3s New York Cuartes E, Fitch LL.B. M.A, L.H.D. Rochester Wituram H. Wartson M.A. M.D. LL.D. - - Utica Henry E. Turner LL.D. - - - Lowville Sr Crain McKetway M.A. L.H.D. i. D. D. Cs L. . Brooklyn DanieL Braco Ph.D, LL.D. - - Watkins Puy T. SextonLL.D. - - - - - - Palmyra T. Guitrorp SmitH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - Buffalo Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D M.D. - - New York ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. - Albany Cuarzes R, Skinner M.A. LL.D. Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio CuEster S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - — - - + + Brooklyn Tuomas A. Henprick M.A. LL.D. - Rochester BENJAMIN B. ODELL jr LL.D. Governor, ex officio Rosert C. Pruyn M.A. - - - - - . - Albany Witiiam NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D. ~ - - - Syracuse Frank W. Hicoins Lieutenant Governor, ex officio Joun F. O’Brien Secretary of State, ex officio Cuarves A. GARDINER LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. - - New York Cuartes S. Francis BS, - - -— - - Troy One vacancy Elected by Regents SECRETARY pe, 1900 James Russett Parsons yr M.A. LL.D. | DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS ‘1888 Metvit Dewey M.A. LL.D. Staée Library and Home Education 1890 JaMES RussELL Parsons jr M.A. LL.D. Administrative, College and High School Dep'ts 1890 Freperick J. H. Merritt Ph.D. State Museum NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK PART 2 BY JOHN M. CLARKE INTRODUCTION This memoir is in continuation‘ of studies of the events, biologic and physical, of Portage time in the State of New York. Previous publications on this subject have been for the most part of more preliminary character ; but the nature of the fauna of that provincial element of the ‘Portage region which occupied the New York sea westward of the present meridian of Cayuga lake (Intumescens zone or Naples shales) was taken up for special consideration in the first instalment of this memoir which was devoted to the Goniatitinae. We here propose to treat specially of the lamellibranchs, gastropods and pteropods of this provincial fauna and to present therewith such considerations as have developed from a continued study of the relation of these organisms to their environment. The sea of Portage time The great mediterranean sea (Appalachian gulf) which spread over the southern parts of western, central and eastern New York during this opening period of late Devonic time (stratigraphically the lower Upper Devonic) was depositing tremendous quantities of sand commingled with mud, throughout its entire extent. This gulf was bounded on the north by a coast line whose exact position we can not locate, because the shoreward edges of the bottom deposits have been worn away. There are certain factors indicating that during some portion of the time its western arm was well northward to, and beyond the latitude of Lake Ontario, for the heavy beds of bituminous shales which formed at the base of the series (Genesee shales and black bands of the Naples beds) and which in the western sec- tions attain relatively great thickness, are to be probably regarded as point- ing to deposition in deep water. This interpretation would be in accord- tPart 1 of this discussion of the Naples fauna was published in the 16th An. Rep’t of the State Geologist. 1898. p. 29-161, pl. 1-9. 200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ance with the observations recently made on the constitution of the waters, the sedimentation and the bionomic conditions in a somewhat similarly inclosed marine body, the Black sea. The important results therefrom obtained by Andrussow ‘ have been employed by Pompeckj” in the interpre- tation of the black deposits and depauperated fossils of the Posidonomya bronni shales (Jurassic) of the vicinity of Regensburg, Bavaria; and it is well that, for the sake of their bearing on the correct significance of the. similar bituminous deposits of Portage time, an abbreviated selection from these observations be here given. The Black-sea has a superficial water layer of about 125 fathoms, of ‘less salinity and density than the water of the depths. The yearly increment of surface water is due in great part to the ingress of fresh water. The heavier deep water is derived from a lower current coming from the Mediterranean by way of the richly saline Marmora and Aegean seas and requires about 1700 years for its renewal. In consequence of the greater salinity and density of the deep water, the Black sea shows only slight evidence of vertical currents. It is apparent only to a depth of 125 fathoms, and only to this depth therefore, is there sufficient O for the support of animal life. "The deep water, fed only by the undercurrent, which, on account of the high specific gravity due to its salinity, does not mix with the surface water, has insufficient O for animal life. At adepth of about 100 fathoms the separation of H,S is observable; 33 ccm from 100 liters of water. With greater depth the amount of H,S rapidly grows; 570 ccm at 500 fathoms; but farther down the iricrease is less rapid. The separation of H,S is regarded as due to microbes (Sulfobacteria) specially to Bacterium hydrosulfuricum ponticum, derived from animal remains of the necton and plankton; and in part also from sulfates. Hand in hand with the separation of and enrichment in H,S is the diminution of sulfates in the sea water, the separation of carbonates and of FeS.. . The constant, specifically lighter surface layer over the heavier, richly saline deep water, the lack of O and the separation of H,S in the depths, thus condition in the Black sea its peculiar bionomic character, the absence of benthonic animals below the 100 fathom line. In the littoral and shallow water zone benthonic life is present; in the depths from 35-100 fathoms, the zone of the “ Modiola muds,” there is, with Modiola phaseolina, a large number of clams and snails. . . . *La mer noire: Guide des excursions du 7 Congrés géolog. internat. 1897. no. 29. ?Die Jura-Ablagerungen zw. Regensburg und Regenstauf (Separate from Geognost. Jahresheft. 1901. 14 Jahrgang, p. 43 e¢ seq.) NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 201 The sediments of the Black sea are: (1) in the littoral zone and to a depth of about 20 fathoms, accumulations of sandy detritus; (2) to the 100 fathom line, gray blue sticky mud, trom 35-100 fathoms, rich in Modiola phaseolina, etc; (3) in the great depths the bottom is covered with (a) very fine, sticky, black mud with rich separation of FeS, abundant remains of planktonic diatoms and with fragments of quite young lamellibranchs (early stages of widely scattered plankton forms), (b) dark blue mud; FeS is here in less measure, but in richer quantity are separations of minutely grained CaCO, making at times thin banks; skeletons of pelagic diatoms are also abundant. From analogy with these observations on the conditions actually exist- ing in a secluded body of sea water, it may be necessary to conceive that the black shale deposits of the Portage with their abundant segregations of iron sulfid, sulfates of lime, barium and strontium and of limestone nodules, are likewise the result of accumulation in water of great depth and imperfect vertical circulation. These bituminous muds of Portage time are also permeated with frag- ments of terrestrial drift wood, Lepidodendron, Cyclostigma, Asteropteris, Calamites, etc. But, if we may be guided by the resuits of recent dredg- ings, these are in themselves no indication of either shallow water or near- ness to land. One might cite in illustration of this the results obtained by the B/ake* in the Caribbean sea, where at a distance of 20 to 30 kilometers from the land and at a depth of over 1200 fathoms, great quantities of terrestrial vegetation, together with the shells of land snails, were brought up. Walther? remarks thereupon: The contents of many a dredge would have put a paleontologist to confusion, for, as between the deep sea forms of crabs, annelids, fishes, echinoderms, sponges and the mango and orange leaves, bamboo stalks and land snails, it would be difficult to decide whether the deposit was a deep sea or a terrestrial one. In fossil condition this mixture would have been regarded as the deposit of a shallow estuary surrounded by forests, while it actually came from a depth of over 2000 meters. The few animal remains that these shales contain are largely necton \ Agassiz. Three Cruises of the Blake. 1888. 1: 2gI. 2Walther. Einleitung in die Geologie. 1894. p. 954. 202. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fish plates (Dinichthys, Pristacanthus) and scales (Palaeoniscus, Acanthodes) and though the calc nodules and more persistent calc sheets contain inverte- brates (goniatites, Pterochaenia, Paracardium, Styliolina) we shall presently observe that the latter have been measurably effected by eastward currents from the open sea. For the most part, however, the deposits of this Portage sea along its northern extent were in shallower water and constituted of clay muds ‘commingled with sand, more of the former than of the latter in western New York, more sand than mud nearer the emerging and encroaching coast farther to the east. It was a period of active stream erosion on Portage land, for the sand and mud swept out to sea by river and undertow reached a notable thickness, fully 1300 feet where thickest and sandiest (Chenango county), 1200 feet on the Genesee river, where both muds and sands abound, but much less on the shore of Lake Erie.’ It was therefore a time of exten- sive reduction of elevated continental areas, a time of shifting shore lines and sand bars, of encroachment of littoral deposits on the deeper water and of the foul, black muds of the depths on the sands. It is to the gray muds that the fauna specially appertains, and, though ranging through the higher sandstones of the sections, yet its development is always more sparse in such deposits. It is likewise the sands that carry for the most part abundant traces of terrestrial vegetation and that show the trails of crustaceans and annelids and the rills and ripple marks of the beaches. The eventual conditions of rapid erosion manifested during later Portage time and the rapid reduction of the Portage highlands (Appalachia to the south; Laurentza to the north) were continued in time beyond the Portage with which we are not now directly concerned. The deep water conditions repre- sented by the black shale deposits and on which the sands encroached were continuously prevalent toward the west. In Erie county it is not easy nor is it at all important to distinguish between the black shales commonly: referred to the Genesee and those which are palpably equivalent to the lower of two strongly bituminous shale bands eastward in Ontario county; *See the comparative sections given on p. 212 ef seg. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 203 thereafter, with a brief interval of gray muds, appears a second black band of great thickness (227 feet; in Ontario county but 21 feet in thickness) separated from a bituminous band above by an interval of 257 feet of muds and sands. And again at a-still higher horizon on Lake Erie is a third black band altogether absent in sections farther east. Doubtless the increase westward in the number and thickness of these bituminous deposits indicates the prevalence thither of the deeper waters of a now well inclosed sea, as indicated by their predominance in northern Ohio and in the vicinity of Kettle Point, Ontario, in both regions to the essential exclusion of the gray muds with their characteristic fauna. The nature of the calcareous banks in these bituminous muds invites further attention. The Styliola or Genundewa limestone is a thin sheet sometimes interrupted, sometimes nodular, but virtually continuous from Lake Erie to Seneca lake. It is for the most part a mass of exuviae of the pteropod Styliolina fissurella and in many places bears little trace of intermixture of sedimentary mud. It carries with it species of the Naples fauna which now make their earliest appearance, goniatites, lamelli- branchs and gastropods, and we have frequently cited this occurrence as illustrative of a prenunczal fauna. But notwithstanding the presence of various molluscan shells the mass is essentially a pteropod ooze. Now the existing pteropods are pelagic creatures of surface or zonal habit, rising to the top of the water or swimming below it much according to the time of day‘ and for the most part the shelled species are warm water or tropic forms; with but one or two exceptions cold water species are shell-less’; moreover the distribution of the dead shells on the sea bottom, says Wal- ther,? corresponds to the distribution of the living animals on the sea surface. There is no reason to doubt the pteropod nature of the needlelike shells of Styliolina fissurella, the essential component of the *Thomson, W. The Atlantic. 1878. p. 125. 2Murray & Renard. Challenger; Deep Sea Deposits, p. 224. 3Walther. Einleitung, p. 507. 204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Styliola limestone, distinguished from the living Styliola only, so far as evidence goes, etymologically.* Species of recent Styliola occur in immense abundance in the warm Atlantic currents, but the cold northern waters keep them from the coast of Britain.’ . In these facts we find a rational ground for inferring that, the pteropod ooze represented by the Styliola limestone, and the free dis- semination of Styliola in the overlying Naples beds in association with Hyolithus and myriads of the minute spiral and probably pteropodous shell Protospirialis, indicates the presence of swarms of these creatures swept through the upper waters by warm currents coming in fram the southwest. The pteropod deposits do not extend in mass eastward of Seneca lake nor do they approach the eastern shore line of this period. Their dissemina- tion in this direction was doubtless prevented by the cold coastal current entering the gulf from the northwest and laving the northern and eastern shore lines. The origin of the sediment which constitutes the bands of bituminous shale in the gulf deposits of this time is, in our judgment, to be sought less in the impregnation of the sediments by admixture of organic constituents resulting from decomposition, than in the influx of drainage from low, flat, continental.and insular land masses of the southwest or from the deep but swamp filled valleys of Appalachia. This supposition assumes that the organic intermixture was largely terrestrial. Here too we may note the gradual introduction in Portage time of a coastal change to the east which became of increasing and widespread importance as time passed on and into the subsequent, or Chemung epoch. The apex of the Appalachian gulf during the earlier part of Portage time, must have reached to Albany, the northern shore approximately *The zoologist Pelseneer has suggested that the pteropods are a race of ‘comparatively recent development in the earth’s history, an opinion for which a restricted acquaintance with the facts of paleontology would seem to be responsible. 2Thomson, W. The Atlantic. 1878. p. 127. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN- NEW YORK, PART 2 205 following the line of the Mohawk river and the southern shore coming in from the southwest along the inner margin of the Appalachian ridges, the two meeting in a narrow curve which gave to this inward projection of the sea but relatively slight breadth. A shoaling of the water at this end of the gulf, a differential movement raising the crust in this region, com- menced when Portage time was well under way, and produced banks which must have become a more or less efficient land barrier, throwing the interior coast line well to the west, and for a while, probably for the remainder of Portage time and perhaps through all the subsequent epoch, excluded forms of marine life from these almost landlocked waters. This was the place and such the origin of the Oneonta sands, a mass of strata freely tinted with red and green. At the head of the gulf, where the waters were earliest affected by the barrier, these lie close on the very basal layers of the marine contemporaneous Portage sediments and rise ever higher in the section as they encroach southward on the gulf by the out- ward extension of the barriers. Having become shut off from free. access to the salt water by land bars over which the sea entered only at times of stress or when the barrier was parted for a while, this apical or Albany segment of the gulf was gradually purified by heavy land drainage and became a large brackish or fresh-water lagoon in which no true marine organisms could flourish. Lake Oneonta. The history of this Devonic lagoon may be outlined thus. Beginning almost directly after the close of Hamilton time, ‘the marine waters were shut out of the Albany end of the Appalachian gulf in such manner as seems to indicate the establishment of estuarine conditions at the head of the gulf. With progress of Portage time this lagoon expanded in area, spreading to the west across the present Chenango valley and to the south into Pennsylvania. During the latter part of Portage time this body of water was so nearly purified of its salinity as to support in abundance a bivalve, Archanodon or Amnigenia catskillensis, very like the fresh-water Unios of the present, and doubtless of similar habit. tClarke. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 49. 1901. Pp. 199. 206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM There was present also the little phyllopod, Estheria membranacea, which is elsewhere known only in the old Devonic lakes of Scotland and Russia, but, on the whole, invertebrate animal remains are most unusual in these sediments. The fact that ingress of salt water into this lagoon occurred at times, probably of storm and heavy tidal flow, is shown by the presence of shells of Orthoceras standing vertical in great numbers’ in certain strata, where they were evidently floated in by inrush from the deep waters without, dead or killed by contact with the fresh water? Large quantities of terrestrial vegetation, Lepidodendron, ferns (Archaeopteris, Psaronius) were washed down into this lagoon. Apparently the low shores of the land were transgressed in some measure by the spreading lake waters, as indicated by the stumps of fern trees which have been found in place in the lower sediments. In this lagoon fish characteristic of Old Red lake conditions also flourished (Bothriolepis, Holoptychius, etc.). Indeed, the conditions of deposition so far as indicated by the’ organisms therein contained, were altogether similar to those prevailing in the formation of Clarke. N.Y. State Pal. Rep’t 1900. rgo01. p. 103. ?Following the arguments presented by Jaekel (Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1902. 54:67+101) for the attached condition and erect growth of Orthoceras, it has been suggested by Beushausen (Joc. cz#.) that these occurrences of vertical Orthoceras in the Oneonta sands, which are the only ones recorded of these shells in such position, may be due to the accumulation of sediments about the organisms while still attached to the bot- tom. Aside from other considerations which would tend to show that while Orthoceras may have been sedentary in its habit it was not affixed by its apex, the physical conditions involved in the instances cited seem to require a modification of this interpre: tation. Granted that these bodies of littoral habit were buried in the marine sediments on the outer or seaward side of the submarine barrier, it is readily conceivable that an excessive outflow of fresh waters carrying them beyond their proper boundary would kill outright an entire settlement of these creatures, and would have washed into close prox- imity with them remains of Archanodon and terrestrial plants such as characterize the true Oneonta deposits. The position of these marine bodies is on the remote western boundary of the lagoon during its earlier stages, and their occurrence evinces the insta- bility of the barrier separating the marine or outer fauna from that within. 3Clarke. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 39. 1900. p. 167. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 207 the Devonic lakes of Scotland and the Orkney islands, whose existence and geographic details have been demonstrated by Sir A. Geikie.* Comparison may. also be made with such existing bar-locked lagoons as those which fringe the Baltic coast of East Prussia, the Frisches Haff and the Kurisches Haff. Into each of these opens a considerable drainage, the Vistula and the Niemen, and each is cut off from the marine waters by a long thin bar through which the fresh water normally finds exit at only one narrow opening. At times of storm from without these bars are shifted or broken only to be rebuilt by the natural reaction between the currents of sea and river. With the sporadic breaking down of the barriers the sea fauna is washed into the unpropitious conditions of the lagoon or the lagoon fauna carried out into the marine deposits. We have shown from the nature of the Styliola limestone and the abundance of pteropods in the still higher strata, the probable existence of warm currents setting into the Appalachian gulf from the southwest, and of colder currents sweeping the coast line eastward to the region of the Oneonta lagoon and presenting to the incoming fresh waters the obstacle necessary to the building of a barrier. Nonmarine stages succeeding Lake Oneonta. Probably at no time in the long history of the shallowing of the waters of the gulf was any part of it so nearly cut off from ingress of the sea waters as during this early period of Portage time. During the following epoch (Chemung time) similar conditions continued, but the area of impounded water expanded southwestward by the opening or extension of old barriers. The inter- leaving of its sediments with those of the marine Chemung and even post-Chemung deposits indicates a possibility of easier encroachment of one t The sands of the Scottish Old Red lakes have been shown to be in no inconsider- able part wind blown, and imply arid and desert wastes about the shores of the impounded waters (See the investigations by William Mackie and J. G. Goodchild in the Transac- tions of the Geological Society of Edinburgh for 1897-99). To what extent. similar conditions are implied in the composition of the Oneonta and Catskill sands has yet to be determined. 208 NEW YORK: STATE MUSEUM area on the other." Our present evidence seems to indicate with a measure of conclusiveness that the encroachment of the enlarging Oneonta lake was continued beyond the close of the Chemung and Devonic time into the period of Lower Carbonic deposits. The recent study of the Upper Devonic and higher strata of southwestern New York (Olean and Salamanca quadrangles) indicates that a marked change in the fauna, one which involves the disappearance of the majority of Chemung species and the sudden introduction of forms of Carbonic type, manifests itself at a horizon directly beneath the red sand beds with Holoptychius, Bothriolepis, etc., which have long and correctly been looked on as a westward extension of Catskill sediments. If thus the later strata of the great Catskill forma- tion both in eastern and southern New York and in central western Pennsylvania represent in some measure time later than Devonic, we shall find this ancient Old Red lake again in full correspondence with those of Scotland, which have been shown to be areas of localized lacustrine deposit during a period of rapid erosion extending from before the close of the Siluric till after the close of the Devonic. The varying extent of these fresh and brackish water boundaries is well expressed in the existing sedi- ments, and we may hence with convenience designate those successive stages in time and growth as follows: (1) The Oneonta stage, a relatively small area of deposit almost land- locked, probably restricted to Portage time; (2) the Catskill stage, the enlarged area of deposit extending from the Catskill mountains southward into Pennsylvania’ and continuing through Chemung time; and probably «Lest this should be interpreted as positive evidence of open connection between the fresh and ‘salt waters, it is to be borne in mind that in the case of.the Scotch Old Red lakes the same conditions prevail, with evidences of interlamination of marine and fresh- water sediments at the feather edges of both and occasional irruptions from the heart of the sea over the lacustrine deposits. 2The character of Catskill beds in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginja and Virginia has been the subject of careful study by Stevenson, Claypole, Prosser, White, Campbell and others, ‘but we ‘still lack the requisite information concerning their relation to the estuarine conditions farther north, and to the marine deposits of the heart of the gulf. PLATE A 40 Seale of Miles EARLY PORTAGE TIME APPALACHIAN GULF IN NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 209 (3) the Cattaraugus stage, in which the area of deposit extended westward from the Catskill area into the southern tier of New York counties and in northern Pennsylvania, time being early Carbonic. The deposits of. this stage may be represented in the higher strata of the Catskill mountains section. Bionic provinces of the Appalachian gulf during Portage time The distinctions in the life provinces over the north shore of this ancient gulf are marked with wonderful clearness. No such striking illustration of distinct faunal association in an area of so slight extent is elsewhere afforded by the rocks of New York. The provincial distinc- tions have been referred to by the writer on several occasions; they aré here briefly recounted. 1 Oneonta province. This is the easternmost part of the sedimentation area of Portage time, or, if not of the entire epoch, at least of most of it." The area covers large parts of Delaware, Otsego and Chenango counties east of the Chenango river, and tongues of its upper deposits extend west- ward across the last named county. As has been explained at length above, we look on the organisms which occupied this area as of fresh- water or at least estuarine habit. The sediments are sands similar, save for their notable iron oxid tints, to those of thé marine provinces adjoining. 2 Ithaca province. A typical marine fauna of benthonic habit spread over the heart of the gulf. It was the Ithaca fauna, profuse in species and individuals. Its area of sedimentation at the opening of this time seems to have spread from the Albany head of the gulf, but the shallowing which gave birth to Lake Oneonta initiated the transgression of the lagoon area over this marine province. Westward the fauna continues in force to the meridian of Cayuga lake, in its later stages transgressing in this vicinity for a short distance the earlier sediments of the bionic province next west. * According to Prosser there is evidence of slight thickness of Ithaca deposits beneath the Oneonta beds on the Hudson river side of the area. 210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The fauna of this province is indigenous. Prolonged study of its compo- sition shows it to be at the outset the fauna of the Hamilton stage. It is the autochthonous fauna of this period, having been on the ground during Hamilton time. The modifications which supervened on*the species as time passed, gradually changed the face of the organic association, so that eventually. the species. individually and the fauna as a whole became impressed with a character quite their own. 3 Genesee province. From the interleaved strata along the meridian of Cayuga lake, the field westward to Lake Erie is occupied by softer shales with interbedded and overlying sands, the former embodying locally two or three noteworthy bands of bituminous shales, repetitive expressions of the Genesee shale beneath. The Genesee province contained a fauna which was (as we have previously demonstrated) wholly a newcomer into the gulf from the northwest, an invasion by way of a brief submergence of the western old shore line; a world-wide traveler, it has maintained with surprising integrity its individuality on its long journey eastward from middle Germany into Russia and Siberia and down through British America (Manitoba). Its stay was brief, and with its disappearance the Appalachian sea was again shut off at the west. It is the fauna of the zone of Manticoceras intumescens, or, speaking geographically, the Naples fauna. Its earlier species penetrated as far eastward as Cayuga lake, but here the invasion ended, as the field was occupied by a resistant aggregation, the Ithaca fauna‘; the invaders seem to have been finally driven to exile by the outburst and aggression of the Chemung fauna. Some of its associated species, specially those which seem to have ancestral relations with the antecedent Hamilton fauna, extend eastward in the inter- leaves of the Ithaca province, but occurrences of this kind are rare. Within the fauna of this Genesee province are two evident congeries, one an advance guard of the invasion, which extended to the eastern limit of wv +A very few of the commoner forms of the fauna which may have been derived from the Hamilton stage beneath, occur at points still farther east, in the 200 feet of strata immediately overlying the Genesee shales. PLATE B BIONIC PROVINCES OF PORTAGE TIME IN NEW YORK O Oneonta Province, I Ithaca Province, Gn Genesee Province, Naples subprovince. Gc Genesee Province, Chautauqua subprovince NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 211 the province, the other following in its train, which did not attain a point so far east. We have elsewhere defined the earliest or prenuncial appear- ance of the western fauna in the Genundewa or Styliola limestone of the Genesee shales, an appearance coextensive with the entire province from Yates county to Lake Erie. Even farther to the east in Seneca county where the Genundewa limestone is not present, there is a higher horizon near the top of the Genesee shales where this fauna is present.’ Thus the species which traveled farthest have sometimes left their traces behind over the whole area, in other instances have developed fruitfully only when reaching the eastern region. On the other hand, most species of this rear guard never penetrated the easterly region. The whole fauna of the Genesee province is knit together by its biologic limitations, its evident deep water habit, the community of generic character among unlike species, its appurtenance, in eastern and western expression alike, to the fauna with Mantic. intumescens and its remarkable simi- larity with transatlantic manifestations of that fauna. It is with the species of this Genesee province that we are in these particulars, here alone concerned. Consideration of the tables given at the end of the book will show our present knowledge of the geographic distribution of the members of this fauna and indicates how well founded are these differences in their dissemi- nation. We have therefore on this basis observed the evident existence of two subprovinces of the Genesee province : Naples subprovince; at the outset covering the entire extent of the prov- ince but subsequently closely restricted to the eastern region; during most of its existence approximately bounded on the east by the meridian of Cayuga lake, and on the west by the Genesee river. Chautauqua subprovince; the western region; extending from the Genesee river to Lake Erie and nearly to the western state line; of later date than the opening stages of the Naples subprovince. Clarke, N.Y. State Geol. 14th An. Rep’t. 1895. p. 100. 212 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dissemination of the subprovincial faunas in the Appalachian gulf. In western Maryland (Allegany and Garrett counties) a meager represen- tation of the fauna of the Naples subprovince occurs in dark and gray shales, with some allied species which have not been observed in New York. We have noted Buchiola retrostriata, B. livoniae, B. conversa, B. mariae (not in New York), Paracardium deli- catulum, P. doris, Pterochaenia fragilis, Lunulicardium velatum, L.cymbula (not in New York), Bactrites aciculum, Orthoceras filosum, Tornoceras uniangulare. The northward extent of this fauna along this southern edge of the gulf has not been carefully studied though we know the presence.of Buch. retrostriata and Pteroch. fragilis in the gray shales of Perry county, Pa. The fauna of the Chautauqua subprovince has left no trace of itself outside the region of its typical development. Comparisons of stratigraphic sections in the Genesee province The tables herewith given serve to indicate the stratigraphic section and its variations in three meridians of this province, one near the east (Naples section), one at about the middle (Genesee river section), and one at the west (Lake Erie section). These sections purport to represent, not a given period of homogenous sedimentation, for the sediments are not such, but the difference in duration ou the Naples fauna with reference to the total sedimentation. Naples section. We find at the top of the Genesee shale‘ a thin layer of gray flags and shale followed by ” Feet 1 Middlesex bituminous shales 2 Z 2 5 7 a 30 2 Gray sandy shales and muds with thin sandstones and flags becoming thicker toward the top - - - - - - 243 These are the Cashaqua shales * This formation is properly to be classed with the Portage beds, as its fauna, so far as distinctive, bears the first representation of the characteristic Naples congeries, but in these sections we have reckoned from the top of the Genesee shales. . NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 213 Feet 3 Rhinestreet bituminous shales - - - - - - or 4 Hatch sands, flagstones and sandstones with intermingled clay shales - ee : a i “ “ - - 312 Throughout this interval of about 600 feet the Naples fauna prevails, without evidence of encroachment of the eastern or Ithaca fauna. 5 Grimes sandstone. Thin bedded, gray flags and sands contain- ing the Ithaca fauna - - ” - - - - & 5° 6 Westhill sandstones; heavy bedded sands, flags and few shales. - - - - - - - - 600 Fossils occur in these rocks (6) only occasionally, but they are chiefly indicative of the Ithaca or possibly the earliest stages of the Chemung fauna.* We find here such species as the dictyosponges, Hy dnoceras tuberosum, H. variabile, Hydriodictya cylix, Ceratio- dictya annulata; the brachiopods, Spirifer mucronatus var. posterus, Sp. mesastrialis, Stropheodonta cayuta, Schiz- ophoria impressa, etc. -No trace, however, appears of Spirifer disjunctus except in 7 Highpoint sandstone. Heavy bedded, more or less calcareous sand- stones Genesee river section. At the base are : 1 Middlesex black band - - - - - ae 2 Cashaqua shales - - - - - 130 3. Rhinestreet black band - - - 52 4 Hatch flags and sandy shales - - - - - - 209 5 Representing the position of the Grimes sandstone but carrying no Ithaca fossils - - - - - - - 25 6 Gardeau ( -Westhill) flags and sandstones with few fossils - 428 Portage sandstones - - -- - - - 182 8 Wiscoy shales, flags and sandy or edie shales - 150 ‘It is extraordinarily difficult to fix on a division plane between the Ithaca and the overlying’ Chemung faunas, as the one passes into the other by easy gradation, and we are still somewhat at loss in determining specific values indicial of the early stages of Chemung time. 214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In this section no Ithaca fossils appear, but the Naples fauna ranges throughout, that is to say that, while in the Naples section this fauna ranges through only 626 feet, in the Genesee river section it persists through about twice that amount, or 1211 feet, before the incoming of the brachiopod fauna from the east, which is here distinctly Chemung. It has been shown by D. D. Luther: that the original Portage sandstones in this section are equivalent to and continuous with the Highpoint sand- stones in the Naples section carrying a fully developed Chemung fauna. These noteworthy differences in the distribution of the fauna in these two sections show definitely two facts, first that the Naples fauna came in from the west, second that the Ithaca-Chemung or brachiopod fauna spread westward from central New York. Lake Erie section (Erie and Chautauqua counties). At the bottom of the section Feet Non SW DN 1 Middlesex black band - 2 2 : : 4 z 6 Cashaqua shales - “ “ “ é : 2 32 Rhinestreet black band 7 : “ 5 - : eg - 227 Silver Creek and Angola soft light sandy shales with few flags 257 Dunkirk black band = = Z 3 Z 58 Portland light colored shales and thin flags — - - - - 282 Above this total of 868 feet comes in the Chemung brachiopod fauna represented in a sandstone 22 feet in thickness, termed by James Hall the Laona sandstone, exposed at Laona, Forestville, Brocton, etc. Comparison of this section with the others shows, as we have already pointed out, the very notable increase of the black shales toward the west and the rapid decrease of sands the farther we get away from the emerging shore at the east. An examination of the fossils shows the prevalence of many species in the beds above the heaviest black band which. exist neither in the Cashaqua shales at the bottom nor in the development of the shaly beds in eastern sections. These constitute the body of the fauna characterizing - the Chautauqua subprovince. *N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 52. s1g02. p. 616. 1 pueq yor) scx = pulkd yout gi a SafTeus YORI = gaa eT a = sayeys ri) doe sopeys Apes ——= pueg eq e === sBe} Meaprengey === == Sa[ells joel 8s See sSeyj uypypue = = S sareys Apues og ©" S===S= Bey [IH 189\4 000 = = WOT}I9Q BIG oye] ===== —__gareys Anas oc) S === auo}spues Mogg eee UoL}9ag LaAly 9983uat) U0I}92g salen 0 ALVId NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 215 Bionomic character of the fauna Throughout the components of this fauna there is a striking homo- geneity of character expressed in the fact that all classes of invertebrate organisms are thin shelled, a condition compromised solely by the presence of a few representatives from the adjoining fauna to the east. We have observed in discussing the cephalopods that beyond question the large representation of the Goniatitinae is an actual constituent of the fauna, not strangers or interlopers from some outside region. The known benthonic characters of Nautilus lead rationally to tthe predication of similar benthonic habits for all the coiled cephalopods of this congeries. Similarly, in other groups we have distinguishing marks of deep littoral habit, which is of itself indicated by the thinness of the shell in all. The prevailing species of the lamellibranchs are the Lunulicardia. ‘Even the largest of these must have been of very tenuous shell, and they were all closely attached and dependent organisms, as shown by the great development of the byssal aperture. All the other lamellibranchs are thin shelled. The gastropods, with the exception of Palaeotrochus, which we know to have existed in earlier rocks and to have continued into a still later stage, were thin shelled. There is no reliable indication throughout the fauna of shallow water habit even in the attached Lunulicardia and but few of true pelagic habit. It is quite likely that the set of the coastal current established by the temporary submergence of the northwest barrier, which allowed this fauna to enter the Appalachian gulf for a while, brought with it masses and tangles of the great algae that are found in these rocks, Dadoxylon and Nematophycus, of which we know portions of the stock having a length of fully 20 feet and a girth equal to that of a man’s body; these doubtless afforded a base of attachment for the numerous thin shelled byssus-bearing lamellibranchs. The deep water conditions are also corrob- orated by the evidence derived from the presence of the bituminous shale beds. If the latter on the whole indicate the depths of the gulf below the line of flourishing life, and their organisms are largely those of the upper 216 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM strata of the water which have dropped into the sediments below, then the soft gray mud beds which throughout the region carry the fauna in its highest development, must indicate the life of the water just above these depths. That the shales are encroached on by sand deposits, thin at first and eventually predominant, indicates only the distance from the shore line to which the coarser terrigene detritus was carried. LAMELLIBRANCHIATA The lamellibranchs of this fauna form a singular assemblage. Notwith- standing the abundance and high development of certain expressions of the cephalopods, particularly the Goniatite types Manticoceras, Gephyroceras, Probeloceras, Sandbergeroceras, Tornoceras and others, it is yet quite fair to say that the lamellibranch element of this fauna in both the eastern and western subprovinces is its most distinctive characteristic. Into this faunal province of Portage time strayed only an occasional representative of taxo- dont or aviculoid shell, while the same sea in the contemporaneous east- ward or Ithaca province fairly swarmed with them. On the other hand, at no period in history have the peculiar genera Lunulicardium, Buchiola, Praecardium, Paracardium, Honeoyea, Paraptyx, Ontaria, Pterochaenia, Loxopteria, Tiaraconcha, Euthydesma, attained such development, indeed for the most part never. having appeared before or since. From the list of 70 species here described one may eliminate six or eight, and of the remainder we shall find that all of these peculiar genera are knit together by one striking characteristic, viz absence of denticulated hinge. There is in all a most pronounced convergence to this structuréless condition. We find that species of this character are prevalent wherever the Intumes- cens fauna is well developed, but at no other period of Devonic history have they thus manifested themselves. Indeed, so far as the entire Paleozoic succession of faunas is concerned, but once elsewhere does there appear to have been such an outburst of these simplified lamellibranchiate expressions ; this instance is the astounding manifestation of such shells in the later Siluric stages (specially E) of Bohemia, whence Barrande has portrayed an extended variety of species, whose detailed structure has yet NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 217 to be carefully studied. These representatives of Lunulicardium, Cardiola, Buchiola, Dualina, Panenka and other hingeless shells are numbered by some hundreds of specific names. The Cardioconch condition It was the opinion of Neumayr that such lamellibranchs as the genera above mentioned, which we have specially to consider in the Intumescens zone fauna, represent a simple and primitive type of molluscan shell struc- ture expressed mainly and generally in the absence of cardinal apophyses. Basing his inference chiefly on the data supplied by the Bohemian Upper Siluric species, he designated these shells Palacoconchae—a name expres- sive of an idea and not designed to take ordinal value. To Beushausen, having in mind the exuberant development of these shells in late Devonic time and only their sporadic appearance in faunas older than Upper Siluric, the name has seemed inappropriate, and he has proposed to call them preferably Cardzoconchae. In this term, eliminating the time element in the designation, there also lurks an element of danger if it conveys the notion that ancestrally or actually these genera are necessarily related to the genus Cardium. The cardioconchs are in our judgment simply an expression of uniformity in or convergence to the obliteration of all hinge structure. We may speak of a cardzoconch condition and of species as cardioconchs which have attained this condition, but should not employ the term otherwise than as an expression of a peculiar morphologic equiva- lence. The primitive aspect of the hinge in this phase or state is supple- mented by other primitive features, notably the tenuity of the shell substance. Such manifestations of denticulation as are at times shown by some of the genera, e. g. Buchiola, are reversions to the condition of the ‘ provinculum and are not of the nature of permanent dentition. In the absence of permanent apophyses of articulation, this end is frequently attained by interlocking of the ends of the plications along the dorsal line. (Ontaria, Lunulicardium, etc.)’ «The minute planktonic shell described by Simroth as Planktomya henseni has on the hinge such denticulations as are shown by Buchiola and it seems probable that 218 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The convergence of these shells is a consequence of uniform physical conditions, and it has as its result the obliteration of original differences and ancestral generic characters. Hence the determination of phylogeny herein is rendered extremely difficult. Some are doubtless Dimyarians with cardioid affinities (Ontaria, Buchiola, Praecardium), others appear to be allied to the aviculoids and Monomyarians (Posidonia, Kochia, Loxop- teria and probably Lunulicardium, Honeoyea, Pterochaenia). The tenuity of the shell rarely permits any indication of muscular scars. In Lunuli- cardium, Honeoyea and Pterochaenia ontogeny shows that the primitive shell is simple and veneriform in outline, the great hiatus a wholly second- ary development. OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE FAUNA The Pteropods are represented by myriads of individuals but only a few species. The Gastrofods are more abundant in species, the predomi- nant genera being Loxonema, Phragmostoma, Bellerophon, Tropidocyclus, Palaeotrochus and Pleurotomaria, all of thin shelled forms. Of the Brachiopods there are few, and these are seldom to be found in association with the characteristic members of the fauna. The only forms known are a Chonetes, a Crania, a small Productella, and three species of Lingula; all are raré and quite certainly survivors of the replaced Hamilton or inter- lopers from the adjoining Ithaca fauna. Of the Cora/s none are known save species of Aulopora found incrusting the dead shells fallen to the bot- tom, and a small cyathophylloid in the Wiscoy shales. The deep littoral habit of this fauna is again indicated by its wide dis- semination. We have observed that no life zone in history maintains its individuality with more persistence and integrity over the earth than this, a fact evinced by the frequency of determinations of identity between the New York and transatlantic species and expressions of close specific rela- tionship in a still greater number of instances, and again by community in strange and peculiar genera at remote manifestations of, the fauna, specially both are of the same nature [see Simroth. Die Acephalen der Plankton-Expedition. 1896. v. 2, F.e, pl. 1, fig. rc]. Planktomya is a shell composed wholly of conchiolin and has been caught at the surface in the waters of the tropical Atlantic, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 219 those of Westphalia, Franconia, Timan and New York. To a littoral fauna this permanency of composition would be incompatible with obstacles to be surmounted in the course of migration. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES Lunuticarpium Miinster 1840 The genus Lunulicardium was proposed by Miinster in the third heft of his Beztriige zur Petrefaktenkunde (1840) for certain shells from the uppermost Devonic (Clymeniakalk) of Franconia. No clear definition of the genus was given by the author; and hence in the progress. of knowledge some difficulty has arisen in determining to what species the name is now to be applied, for the eight examples embraced under the term by its propounder have seemed to some writers to represent distinct generic types. The subject is introduced first on page 58 of the work cited, and on page 69 begins the descriptions of the species. On the former page, discussing the characters of the “Cardiaceae,” the author says: “ But there occur in the Franconian Clymenia and Orthocer- atite limestones still other heretofore undescribed species which have at the side of the beak a sharp semilunar insection, in some, separated from the shell by an expanded process. . . These particular species I have believed it necessary to separate under the name Lunulacardium ; they fall into two groups.” Miinster did not further specify the characteristics of the groups except in indicating as above the presence of an expansion of the shell along the hiatus. Barrande’* in 1881, discussing the genus, noted that such of these shells as seem to possess a well developed auricle sepa- rated from the body of the valve by a groove, form a distinct, association from the rest in which this character did not appear; and Zittel? proposed that these be placed with the Carbonic genus Chaenocardia Meek. Holz. apfel? pointed out the difference between such shells and Chaenocardia, tSystéme Silurien, 6: 101. 2 Handbuch der Paldontologie. 1885. 2:36. 3Die Cephalopoden ftihrenden Kalke d. unt. Carbon von Erdbach-Breitscheid bei Herborn: Palaontolog. Abhandlungen. N.F. 1889. 1: 6r. 220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and introduced for them the term Chaenocardiola. Beushausen* has employed the latter name and has introduced an additional generic division, Prochasma, represented by Minster’s L. pyriforme. The first of Miinster’s species described is L. semistriatum, one of the Chaenocardiola group. To this species we should legitimately have recourse in establishing the value of the genus. It is a matter of serious regret that no one has taken up for reconsideration the important work of Miinster on these upper Devonic lamellibranchs. The description of the Lunulicardiidae of the Rhenish Devonic given by Beushausen is a most valuable account of these shells but does not specially concern itself with Miinster’s species. Lunulicardium semistriatum was described as follows: Wider than long; opposite the large and crescentic incurvature on the anterior side is a low incision which in the lithograph is made too deep; the lower margin has a subsemicir- cular groove, the lower half of the surface is covered with radiating striae, the umbonal sur- Fig. 1 Lunulicardium semistriatum(@fter face highly convex with a few concentric Milnster) grooves; the abruptly arched and acute beak anterior to the great lunule. It appears from this description and is furthermore evident in the descriptions of .other species of the same group that Miinster regarded the characteristic lateral marginal flattening of the valves asa lunule. In Holz- apfel’s earlier observations the author described a number of Lunulicardia from the lower Upper Devonic of Westphalia and in a later work briefly discussed Miinster’s species, indicating the probability of there being therein distinct groups. Here it was that he proposed to eliminate under the term Chaenocardiola, shells having a long lunule and byssal cleft cutting the valves from beak to basal margin almost midway, and having opisthogyre beaks. The species taken as the type of this genus, however, is C. halio- toidea Roemer (sp.) from the Culm. *Die Lamellibranchiaten des rheinischen. Devon mit Ausschluss der Aviculiden: Abhandl. d. Kénigl. preuss. geol. Landesanstalt. N.F. 1895. heft 17. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 . 221 Beushausen construes as Lunulicardium certain suborbicular shells typi- fied by L. ventricosum Sandberger, which he illustrates as a species having a short lunule and with the byssal opening quite or nearly closed by vertical walls; with a lineate ligamental area (common to all these shells) behind the beak, and the beaks themselves directed forward, or prosogyre. The author suggests that Miinster’s species L. excrescens is of this type. The reason for dissociating such a form generically from the type of the genus L. semistriatum is not clear to us, and it does not appear that this construction in any way fortifies the genus. This is rather a con- ception or an idea of Lunulicardium than an effort to follow closely the intentions of the author of the genus evident in the descriptions and figures of L. semistriatum as given above; for the features of this shell are in most particulars clear and quite in harmony with the great majority of forms which, so far as our experience goes, palpably belong to this group. In all the extensive material that has been before us, some hundreds of specimens representing this genus, we have seen no instance in which the beaks are not apparently directed away from the umbolateral deflection or lunule, except in the shells we have herein designated as Pterochaenia. While Miinster, Zittel; Beushausen and Holzapfel have agreed in regarding the opening of the valves as a byssal passage, Barrande and Hall were more cautious in their expressions concerning it, the former designating it alternatively as “lunule” or “pan coupé.” The great truncation and hiatus in these shells, their most conspicuous feature, may be construed as serving one of the following functions: (1) asiphonal opening, (2) a ligamental hiatus, (3) a mantle opening -for the extrusion of water in swimming, (4) a passage for the byssus.. The first consideration is excluded, as Beushausen has shown from clearly defined external casts from the limestone of Martenberg the contin- uity of the pallial line in several species (see also our figures of L. miilleri and L. inflatum from those localities), While these specimens indi- cate an integripallial shell, it is worthy of note that L. miilleri displays, both in Beushausen’s and our ‘own specimens, a central juxtaposition 222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM or fusion of the adductor scars. Other specimens indicating internal characters show but the single adductor scar [see L. hemicardioides, pl. 2, fig. 11-16]; but we seem to have in L. miilleri a case of approxi- mation of the muscles which may be compared to that of the genus Tridacna, in which the two adductors have approached each other and joined in the center of the shell, the byssus protruding from the anterior part of the dorsal line. * The. second supposed function is improbable, as giving an external ligament of a size and power relatively immense and impracticable to the proportions of the shell. The third suggestion is entitled to some consideration for the reason that all these Lunulicardia are thin shelled mollusks and are associated almost without exception with other equally thin shelled organisms indicat- ing in some measure.a free swimming habit. In such conditions the shell might be compared with a swimming aviculoid like Lima hians, which, though a byssus-spinning mollusk, has the power of breaking away from its byssal nest and propelling itself by the extrusion of water from between the valves. It would not be necessary to this conception of the function of the Lunulicardium hiatus that the latter should be situated on the anterior side of the animal. Considering the probability of the flattening being anterior and hence a lunule, and of the hiatus being an opening for the byssus, we have these features of importance: When the hiatus attains considerable length, it is notable that the walls which bound it are narrow, sickle-shaped areas stand- ing vertically to the horizontal axis of the animal. These surfaces we are proposing to term the szcae or szcal surfaces. Only when the hiatus is extremely short, that is to say, less than one half the hight of the valve, do the sicae display a tendency to horizontal expansion. With such a hiatus bounded by such vertical surfaces, it seems to us a rational proposition that this structure could be brought about only by close attachment of the shell to some substantial opposing object preventing growth toward the surface of attachment, To fill so large an opening seems to us to necessitate the NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 223 existence of an extensive byssus which would draw the shell close to the base of fixation. With a shorter opening, the byssus, from analogy with existing species, would be longer, and hence the flanges bounding the opening, i. e, the walls of the lunule, may find opportunity to become tore horizontal in their direction. Such flattening of the valves on the byssal side is frequently indicated even where there may be no specialized opening for the extrusion of the byssus itself, e. g. the common Mytilus edulis and probably its ancient allies passing under the name of Mytilus and such other names as Mytilarca, Byssonychia, etc., where the abrupt antero- ventral slope is that which is opposed to the surface of attachment. The fact of this attachment is again indicated by the virtual absence of hinge structure in all these shells and indeed throughout the lamelli- branchs of this fauna, Granting that hinge structures are provided for protection against movements of the water, dependence by attachment is thus suggested by the absence of such structures. To the prevalence of the structureless hinge in these mollusks we have already referred. It is to be noted that when, in our observation, the two valves of these shells are found spread wide open without attachment, coherence is maintained from the beak along the edge of the lunule, while in Pterochaenia the reverse is the case; in both the opening taking place along the back of the umbo, whether the direction of the beak be normal as in the latter, or reversed as in the former." As to the structure of the hinge in this species, exact barite replace- ments show that there is a total absence of inosculating denticles ; beneath the beaks of both valves alike is a short, regular, triangular surface for the ligament; in front the hinge line runs directly into the lunular opening ; behind, the valves interlock at the edges by the stronger development of the first two or three radial plications. The larval shell or prodissoconch, which is well displayed in some of our most delicate replacements, casts very suggestive if not important light See Lunulicardium encrinitum, pl. 2, fig. 20, and Pterochaenia frag- ilis, pl. 5, fig. 1, 2. 224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM on the morphology and to some degree phylogeny of this genus. This lar- val shell in the adult condition of Lunulicardium clymeniaeg, lies with its apex or primitive beak directed downward or toward the postlateral 2 3 Fig. 2,3 | Umbonal partsof Lunulicardium cly meniae, showing triangular area, projecting plications and sical surface, extremity of the adult shell, so that the original “posterior” extremity of the larval shell actually lies at and constitutes the beak of the.adult. This relation is shown in the accompanying figures. The shell has in growth Fig. 4-6 The prodissoconch of: Lunulicardium clymentae viewed in three attitudes, to show its relation to the mature shell, The apex is directed obliquely backward and the posterior end of the larval shell is the umbonal point of the adult. actually twisted with reference to the animal, and the axial line which we have marked o-a has apparently traveled through a large angle to reach the corresponding position in the adult, o-a [see fig. 7]. _NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 225 For the interpretation of this phenomenon we may be guided by the remarkable observations recently published by Noetling on the morphology of the lamellibranchs, specially that on “Das Torstons Gesetz der Schale.” By careful determination of the oral and anal extremities in living species, an oro-anal (o-A) axis is located which for purposes of reference is regarded as a fixed or datum line. The line of greatest growth (Crescenz- lente, Ww and w in figure 7) or that along which the shell increases most rapidly, is variable for different groups and makes in the series actual and hypothetic (as illustrated in Noetling’s diagram), all possible angles with the oro-anal axis. As the beak is always the initial extremity of the crescence line and the latter is variable, the former also changes position with reference to the datum. Noetling has shown the inaccuracy of the current orientation of the shell with reference to the animal and hence of the descriptive terms “hight,” “length,” “ventral,” “dorsal,” “anterior” and “posterior” as usually applied, and which circumstances still compel us to adopt. For mathematical reasons, based on the angle between the oro-anal and cres- cence axes, Noetling erects eight ordinal groups departing in two directions from an elementary condition, hypothetic and believed to be paleozoic, which he designates ‘“ Protoconchae.” There may of course be all possible intervals between these groups which represent only positions on the circle. From the Protoconchae departure is in one direction toward the dimyarians through the Amphigoni- acea (no living representative; to be sought in the Paleozoic), the Proso- goniacea (Mesodesma, Nucula), the Orthogoniacea (Pectunculus), the Loxogoniacea (the majority of sinupalliates). In the other direction from = These papers are the following: Beitrige zur Morphologie des Pelecypodenschlosses. Neues Jahrbuch ftir Mineral. Beilbnd 13. tg00. p. 140; Notes on the Morphology of the Pelecypoda. Paleontologia Indica, new series 1. Mem. 2. 1899; and that specially referred to here, Beitrdge zur Morphologie der Pelecypoden. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineral. Beilbnd 15. 1902. p. 394. An English abstract of the last with plate has been given by Ruedemann in Am. Geol. Jan. 1903, P. 34. 226 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the Protoconchae depart toward the monomyarians, the Staurogoniacea (unknown ; to be sought in the Paleozoic), the Opisthogoniacea (Avicula), the Symptogoniacea (Pecten). It is not practicable in this place to enter 5 ‘ Fig. 7 Diagram giving outline of adult Lunulicardium cly- meniaewith larval shell attached: o-A, oro-anal axis in adult shell; o-a, the same in young shell; w, w, crescence line in the two. The lower arc indicates the very large critical angle for the adult stage, the upper arc, the critical angle for the young stage. The former is normal to a position between the Opisthogoniacea and Sympto- goniacea, the latter in agreement with the critical angle of the Pro- toconchae. In comparing this with Noetliny’s figures it is necessary to bear in mind that here the exte- rior of the valve is represented while in that the interiors are given, This will account for the apparent reversal of direction in the two. : into a further statement of these determinations ; the reader must look to the original article or its English abstract. | Referring again to our figures, we find that, if the adult shell of Lunulicardium be construed and oriented as a dimyarian, then the angle between o-a and w (crescence-line) is less than go° and con- forms to this angle in-the extreme dimyarian line. But in such orientation we unavoidably reverse the extremities of the oro-anal axis, the anal extremity, A, appearing on the byssal side, which we know to be The inference therefore, that Lunulicardium has little to a condition not existing in the lamellibranchs. do with the dimyarians, is supported by empirical observation of a single posterior adductor or a the Hence, orienting the shell as monomy- median approximation and fusion of two adductors. arian, posited. between Avicula (Opisthogoniacea) and Pecten (Symptogoniacea), on the basis of its muscular and byssal structure, we find that the critical angle is exact for the position taken. We take this as excellent confirmatory evidence of the monomyarian affinity of the genus. In following the torsion of the shell backward from the adult condition to the prodissoconch we find that it passes through the angles necessary to bring it with precision to the condition of the Protoconchae, and the relations of the axes in the latter also cor- respond with those of the prodissoconch. I believe therefore that this larval shell is an actual representative of the Protoconchae condition, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 227 and that the stages of torsion of the Lunulicardium shell in subse- sequent growth are indicative of its phylogenic stages of progress toward the monomyarian stock. This conclusion is based wholly on external characters and the fact of actual observed torsion in the shell from youth to adulthood. The Protoconchae being theoretically the primitive lamelli- branch condition, we may never come to know it except in this manifesta- tion. It is well to add that the supposed position of the pallial line in this group, just within the hinge, is a feature-on which the nature of our material permits no observation. As to the systematic position of Lunulicardium it seems to us probable that its ancestry may be found in the Ambonychias and Byssonychias of the Lower Siluric ; we should be disposed to hold it probable at least that the shells represent a departure from the aviculoid stock in which the anterior adductor is lost either by fusion with the posterior or by suppression. Neumayr was disposed to derive from Lunulicardium the peculiar genus Conocardium, and Beushausen has contributed a considerable body of facts supporting this proposition, describing a genus Conocardiopsis, which: to him indicates a passage phase between the two genera. Having stated the reasons for our inability to conceive of Lunulicardium precisely as construed by Beushausen, we shall take occasion to remark that the genera which have been proposed as subdivisions of the old term, viz, Chaenocardiola Holzapfel and Prochasma Beushausen, seem to lack substantial grounds for recognition, except in so far as these terms express extremes of develop- ment in one direction and another. Forms referable to both of these genera in outline, character of surface, length of lunule, occur in abundance among our species, but so far as our observation extends, they are all opisthogyre and all constructed on the same plan. We note the proposed subdivisions which have been made of this genus Lunulicardium. ; Pinnopsis Hall, 1843. This name was introduced by Hall in the Geology of New York (report on fourth district), for the species P ornata and P, acutirostrum from the Portage (Naples) shales of western New 228 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM York. These are large and strongly plicated shells. Professor Hall subsequently abandoned this name in favor of Lunulicardium, which he recognized as congeneric with his species. There can be no question that they are in strict construction congeneric with Miinster’s L. semi- striatum; and it may be well to remark here that, in the material which has been before us, every shade of transition in degree of plication is present from those having it strongly marked, as in the species just cited, to those in which the surface markings are the finest radial, lines, and further to forms in which the surface is without any trace whatever of such lines. Chaenocardiola Holzapfel, 1889. In these shells there is a difference from others in the great length of the truncating hiatus, the margins of which in typical expressions extend nearly the full axial hight of the shell, and cut the basal margin almost in the middle. The beaks are opisthogyre or twisted backward. Were it not for the fact that every degree of varia- tion is presented among these shells in the position and length of the truncating margins, rendering it possible to construct series on the one hand, truncating in a very short and sharply upturned anterior margin, and, on the other, in a long straight, nearly axial, truncating margin, as in typical forms, we should find some basis for recognition of this proposed genus. Our material however does not justify us in separating the shells except in extreme cases and in a subgeneric_ way, from Lunulicardium. Prochasma Beushausen, 1895. These are species of smooth or finely lineate surface and generally with short hiatus. The beaks are regarded by the author as prosogyre or turned toward the hiatus. Beushausen specified as the type species Lun. pyriforme Minster and embraced within the group elongate mytiliform shells like Lun. miilleri Holz. as well as broader and stouter species (P. bickense, P. dilatatum), which have close allies among the New York shells. We have not been able to substantiate Beushausen’s observations on the direction of the beaks. Shells of this type of structure, of which many (including specimens from the Westphalian localities) have been closely studied by us, fail to convince NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 229 us of the-presence of prosogyre beaks, but conform in this detail to the rest of the Lunulicardia of the fauna. In Pterochaenia, hereafter discussed, the beaks are unquestionably prosogyre, and this structure is accompanied by other features distinguishing the shells from typical Lunulicardia, princi- pally the broad and horizontally extended flanges of the lunule. In Prochasma, however, the hiatus is bounded by vertical sicae. We can therefore employ the term only with restricted value as a designation for the smooth or finely lined species of Lunulicardium, bearing in mind that in respect to this surface ornament there is every gradation to the conditions represented in Chaenocardiola and Pinnopsis. 4 Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum Hall. 1843 Plate x, fig. 1-6; plate 4, fig. 10 Pinnopsis acutirostra Hall, Geology of New York ; report on the fourth district. 1843. p. 244, fig. 106, 7 ; Lunulicardium acutirostrum Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. pt 2. 1870. p.97 Lunulicardium ornatum Hall, (partim) Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, p. 437, pl. 71, fig. 30-32 Lunulicardium acutirostrum Clarke, United States Geological Survey. Bulletin 16. 1885. p. 62 ; In describing some of the Portage fossils, Professor Hall in 1843 designated two species of Pinnopsis, P. acutirostra and P. ornata. These were believed to differ in the acute form and more abundant plication of the former, and the much more orbicular form of the latter. When, however, these fossils were redescribed and illustrated in 1885, the species were united, the former being regarded as an accidental expression of the species due to compression or distortion. It was observed that “The typical [original] specimen of L. acutirostrum has the anterior and posterior margins abruptly infolded, giving the shell a much narrower aspect than when in its natural condition. The plications are more slender than in the prevailing forms referred to L. ornatum, and from the infolding of the margin those of the posterior end are invisible in the figure [pl. 71, fig. 30]. The specimen, figure 31, subsequently referred to the same species, has a greater proportional hight than the prevailing forms of L. ornatum, the plications are also narrower and with narrower 230 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM interspaces. A comparison of these forms with larger collections, showing numerous intermediate phases, makes it impossible to draw lines of specific distinction, and it is doubtful if any fixed varietal form exists.” Notwithstanding this expression, my observation leads to the convic- tion that this narrow acuminate form of the shell is frequent and persistent in the abundant collections before me. That it is not a casual expression is evinced by a-number of specimens which are rotund and retain their normal convexity. The coarser or less abundant plication of the surface originally given as a character of L. acutirostrum, is not always persistent, yet in the best preserved specimens the difference in this respect is noteworthy. Diagnosis. Shells acuminate, apical angle as measured between the sical edge and the ridge of the posterior slope, 60°. Lateral margins long; the hiatus extends for nearly two thirds the length of the valve, its apparent length being often increased by compression; straight or with a gentle inward curvature. Sicae moderately broad near the apex, rapidly diminishing in width. From the very short, triangular cardinal area the posterior margin slopes downward with a very gentle curve. This margin lies almost vertically beneath the umbonal slope of the valves so that under compression it is concealed and the straight umbonal slope ‘makes the apparent posterior margin. Surface convex. The apex is somewhat incurved, and the convexity of the valves is greatest near the sical margin. Thence the slope to this margin is somewhat abrupt, but toward the posterior margin more gradual to near the edge, whence it becomes almost vertical. Over the pallial region the convexity is much more regular. The surface markings consist of continuous, simple, radial plications separated by relatively narrow interspaces. These plications vary in size on different parts of the valve; they are largest where shortest, on the vertical slope to the posterior margin close to the umbones, where they strongly crenulate the margin and form an accessory to articulation. From this margin they decrease in size posteriorly, and near the hiatus there is an area which is free of striation. When normally preserved, these ribs are NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 231 flat, slightly elevated at their edges, and are crossed by subequidistant, fine, elevated concentric striae which curve upward on the ribs and downward in the furrows," The surface is also crossed at irregular distances by coarser concentric lines of growth. The number of radial ribs varies from 28 to 45, rarely exceeding 30. Dimensions. A full grown and normally rotund individual measures as follows: length 43 mm, hight 50 mm; length of sical margin 30 mm. Fflabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is generally disseminated throughout the Naples shales in Yates, Ontario, Livingston and Genesee counties. It has been found at various outcrops in Naples, on Honeoye and Conesus lakes, at Belknap’s gully near Branch. port, along the Cashaqua creek, and rarely on the Genesee river. It is quite rare in the sandy layers of the upper beds and is not known as yet even in the lower layers of Erie county. Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) ornatum Hall. 1843 Plate 1, fig. 8-14 Pinnopsis ornata Hall, Geology of New York; report on the fourth district. 1843. p. 244, fig. 106, 108 Lunulicardium ornatum Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. pt 2 1870. p.9gI Lunulicardium ornatum Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v.5, ptr. P- 437, Pl. 71, fig. 25, 29 Lunulicardium ornatum Clarke, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. r6. 1885. p. 61 Diagnosts. Shell often of large size, outline suborbicular or obliquely subelliptic; beak projecting; apical angle 110°-115°. Posterior or sical margin straight or slightly incurved, extending to about the middle of the shell, its actual length being approximately three fifths the length of the valve. : Surface regularly convex, the line of greatest convexity being toward the anterior margin; the slope thence posteriorly is gradual, and sometimes *Just the reverse of their direction as represented in Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 71, fig. 32. 232 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the surface is slightly concave in this region. On the anterior margin the slope is abrupt and vertical for a short distance to the hiatus, but the sicae are comparatively narrow. Surface markings consisting of radial plications crossed by fine concen- tric lines; of the same character as in L. acutirostrum. The number of these plications is usually 47, but may vary from 45 to 55. Those on the posterior slope are the coarsest and are separated by the widest furrows. Directly behind the beak and at the side of the triangular cardinal area the first two or three of the plications are stronger than the rest, their free edges making processes which interlock on opposite valves. Dimensions. A full grown example of normal form is 54 mm in hight, 47 mm in length; the sical margin measuring 36 mm in length. A smaller specimen which has been subjected to no distortion is 32 mm in hight ; 35 mm in length, and the sical margin 23 mm in length. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is widely distributed and is of more frequent occurrence than its ally, P. acutirostrum. Itis found in the lower shaly beds and rarely in the higher sandstones of Ontario, Livingston, Genesee, and Wyoming counties. Occasionally in the upper part of the Havana glen section, Schuyler co. ; and at Himrods and Branchport, Yates co. It has not been observed in the lower shales of Erie county. Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. x0; plate 4, fig. 1, 2 This form is characterized by subacuminate valves, broadly rounded and subsemicircular on the pallial margin. Beak nearly in the axial line. Sical margin oblique, rather longer than one half the hight of the shell, incurved and slightly arched. Sicae very broad and smooth, usually ver- tical but extended obliquely or horizontally by compression. Surface of the shell with from 15 to 25 low, broad, flat topped plications with narrower intervals. These plications are all simple in the umbonal region, but bifur- cate rapidly and irregularly over the pallial region, so that in full growth they present the appearance of great inequality specially if the multiplica- NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 233 tion is confined to certain plications and the rest simply increase in width. There are very fine concentric striae crossing the plications and occasion- ally low undulations in the umbonal region. This is a species of the type of Pinnopsis, but is very unlike the eastern forms in the irregularity of its plication. ffabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Terry’s ravine, Forestville, and above the black shales at Fox’s point, Lake Erie. It has also been found in the Wiscoy shales above the Portage sandstones on Wiscoy creek, Allegany county. Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) wiscoyense sp. nov. Plate 1, fig. 7 Diagnoszs. Shell small, ovate, acuminate, apical angle 40°. Sical margin arched, oblique, direct, one half the hight of the shell. Marginal curve of the pallial region semielliptic, posterior margin broadly rounded. Surface plicate, the ribs being simple, continuous, strong and rounded, separated by furrows of equal width. Thirty of these ribs may be counted at the basal margin. They are crossed by very fine concentric lines. This shell has in some measure the aspect of a small L. acuti- rostrum or L. ornatum, but it may be distinguished by having rounded and more distant plications, and considerably fewer than those species at a corresponding growth stage. Habitat. Genesee province. In the Wiscoy shales above the Portage sandstones, Wiscoy creek, upper Genesee valley, Allegany county. Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) accola sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 12, 13 Shell rather small for the plicated species, outline suborbicular, surface regularly convex, beak slightly posterior, subcentral. Sical margins extend- ing for nearly one half the hight of the shell and quite straight. The ‘plications are sharply defined, rounded and separated by concave intervals equal to them in size; they are simple and continuous, increasing very slowly and sparsely; they number 38 on the original specimen. These 234 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM plications are crossed by fine concentric lines. Length and hight of typical specimen, 19 mm. This species resembles in general aspect, L. ornatum, but the latter at a hight of 19 mm has from 46 to 50 plications which are flat topped, not rounded as in L.accola. The subcircular outline of L. accola is also quite characteristic. The species is based on rather meager material which represents the only evidence of the true Pinnopsis type found in the western subprovince, excepting L. wiscoyense from the upper Genesee valley. Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Ravine at West Falls, Erie co., not far below the horizon of the Portage sandstone. Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) clymeniae sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 1-6 Shell of medium size, subpyriform in outline with nearly vertical anterior margin, the sical margin extending for the greatest diameter of the valves. Beak moderately prominent, incurved at the apex, which is directed toward the postlateral margin [see description and illustration of the beak on p. 224]. Beneath the beak lies the ‘triangular cardinal area, below which are a few coarse, angular, interlocking plications. The margin has a strongly convex curvature outward from this point to the lower margin, where it is somewhat transverse. Thé anterior margin is straight, passing from the beak to the base axially or just before the axis; in contrast to the thin edges elsewhere on the valve, the shell is here greatly thickened. The sicae are broad, flat and vertical, broadest on the umbonal region, tapering outward at first abruptly, thence more gently, and ending somewhat obtusely at the margin. The hiatus is elongate cordiform. The surface slopes pretty regularly from the sical margins, there being a slight concavity sometimes apparent close to the sical margin near the, lower edge of the shell. The surface sculpture consists of exceedingly fine radial filiform lines six in the space of 1 mm over the middle of the valve. These are increased NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 235 in number by very gradual intercalation, and are covered by numerous minute, concentric lines which produce a very fine cancelation of the surface, A specimen of normal size has a length of 13 mm, a width of 17 mm. FHlabetat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Briggs’s gully, Honeoye lake; Whetstone gully near Livonia, Livingston co., associated with Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana. Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) eriense sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 3-6 Shell of medium size, oval-acuminate in outline, with long, oblique posterior truncation. Beak slightly projecting; anterior curve subcircular or broadly elliptic. Length but slightly less than the hight of the shell. The sical margin is straight and makes an angle at the beak of 45° to the vertical axis. Its length is from five sixths to nine tenths the hight of the shell. Surface covered with exceedingly fine radial lines, which are: from 60 to 80 in number, somewhat more than half the number in L. parun- culus, and always straight, not wavy as in that species. These lines are coarser on the posterior margin near the beak and there crenulate the margin. Concentric markings are scarcely visible except as low undulations. This species approaches in some particulars L. clymeniae and L. velatum, but is not so extremely truncate posteriorly as the former, nor are the radial striae cancelated by concentric lines. Dimensions. Hight and length in normal examples, about 20 mm. Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the shales at Correll’s point, Lake Erie, and Forestville. Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) hemicardioides sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 11-16 Shell small, subovate triangular, with acute umbones; sical margin very long, nearly or perhaps quite attaining the axial length of the valves ; these margins are arched and attain the greatest convexity of the shell. 236 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Sculpture casts show moderately broad vertical sicae. Surface with radial ribs, which are flat, simple, continuous without increase, and are separated by narrow sulci. The number of these plications is from 20 to 28, and a considerable number of the anterior of these do not start from the beak but take origin along the sical margin. Only traces of concentric striae are present. The hight of a typical specimen is 8.5 mm; length 10 mm, To this species are referred a number of specimens of quite small shells, in which there seems to be some variation in the coarseness of surface plication. One of these is specially peculiar in presenting an unusual elongation of the antelateral extremity beyond the normal basal outline of the shell. This is a limestone specimen with natural convexity and full outline. The same example shows very clearly a relatively very large anterocentral distinctly elevated (on the cast) single adductor muscle scar which covers more than one half the diameter of the valve at this place. Traces of a similar scar are to be seen on a specimen from the shale. This species differs from L. clymeniae, L. eriense and L. velatum in its more acuminate outline and coarser plications. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince; in the Naples shales, Parrish gully, Naples; and in the Styliola limestone, Genundewa, Canandaigua lake. Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) furcatum sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 7 Shell subtriangular in outline, beak slightly posterior, sical margin long and straight, basal margin a low broad curve rounding rather abruptly backward into a relatively narrow posterior curve. Surface quite depressed, flattened over the pallial region, covered by radial plications which show a distinct forward sweep over the surface. The plications are numerous, distinctly flat topped with flat interspaces, are obsolete in the umbonal region and seem to be devoid of concentric lines. They are highly irregular in size specially on the posterior portion of the shells, small ones rapidly intercalating among the larger and on the anterior slope the large ones are distinctly split medially by a groove, multiplication taking place 4 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 237 by this method. This is a very peculiar feature which serves to distinguish the species. The original specimen has a length and hight of 17 mm. Hlabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. _ Forestville, Chautauqua co. ' Lunulicardium velatum sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 7-9 Shell of moderate size, vertically subovate in outline. Sical margin short, oblique, not extending to the middle of the shell, direct or gently incurved, making an angle of about 100° with the posterior margin; posterior margin rounding, and closely incurved at the beak, curvature of the pallial margin subsemielliptic. Surface gently and evenly convex ; marked by exceedingly fine radial lines which are separated by sharply incised furrows much narrower than the lines themselves. The elevated lines are filiform over the earlier portions of the shell, but become flattened toward the margins. They increase by very gradual dichotomy so that above the middle of the valves they are often of unequal size. At about the middle there are 10 of the lines in the space of 1 mm, but at the lower margin of the valve these have broadened so that six fill this space. The lines are crossed at very minute but approximately regular intervals by concentric linear striae and also by regular concentric lines of growth which multiply toward the margins. None of the observed specimens of this species have preserved the outline of the valves in perfection, the character of the ornamentation of the shell being the feature.on which main reliance is for the present placed as a means of specific distinction. In the largest specimen the hight of the shellis 18 mm, its length approximately 23 mm; the length of the sical margin approximately 13 mm. Other fragments indicate a somewhat smaller size. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Base of Hatch hill and Parrish gully, Naples. 238 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lunulicardium finitimum sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 17, 18 Shell rather small and narrow. The lateral margins are long, and approach each other at a small angle, so that the aspect of the valve is highly acute. The sical margin extends for more than one half the entire length of the shell, while the anterior edge slopes at very nearly the same angle as the posterior, with a gentle outward curvature. The apparent apical angle is about 55°. The basal margin is regularly curved, the curva- ture being that of the extremity of an ellipse. Surface gently and regularly convex; abruptly deflected on the sical margin. The ornamentation consists of very minute, simple rounded or filiform radial lines, becoming broader and flat. These number over the body of the valve six to 1 mm; 70 to go over all. They are crossed and crenulated by exceedingly minute concentric lines. Near and at the lower margins of the valves the radial ornament is interrupted or extinguished by the moderately strong concentric striae. The observed specimens of this rare and well characterized species are two right valves, the larger having a hight of 23 mm, and its greatest length, lying at one third the hight from the lower margin, is 14mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully, Naples N. Y. Lunulicardium sodale sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 22 This is a shell having the acuminate form of L. finitimum, but it shows somewhat greater curvature along the sical margin; still the apical angle, relative length of the anterior apd posterior margins, curvature of the lower margin, width over the pallial region, and convexity of the valves are essentially as in the preceding species. The specific distinction is found in the character of the surface ornament, which consists of radial plications very much larger than in L. finitimum, continuous and simple, flattened on top apd separated by furrows as wide as the ribs. At about the middle of the valve there are four of these in the width of 1 mm, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2> 239 at the margin but one in the same space. The entire surface shows 26 plications. Though these elevated lines are actually continuous throughout their extent and are not increased in number except on the very early parts of the shell, they are gracefully sinuous in their course over the valve and are interrupted at irregular intervals by concentric growth lines, in addition to which are very fine crenulating lines of ornament. The species is rare, and the single specimen observed is a left valve measuring 23 mm in hight; I5 mm in greatest length. Flabctat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Base of Hatch hill, Naples. | | Lunulicardium encrinitum sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 20 Shell of medium or small size; outline orbicular or subtriangular ; apex back of the middle line; sical margin slightly incurved and extending for about two thirds of the antelateral margin. Surface depressed convex, sloping pretty evenly in all directions, most abruptly to the posterior margin. Surface markings consist of 35 to 4o fine, somewhat flattened striae separated by narrow sulci, and crossed by minute concentric striae. A normal example has a hight of 11 mm, and a length of 10.5 mm. _ Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species has been observed only in the thin calcareous Melocrinus layer which lies in the Genesee shales above the horizon of the Styliola limestone. The exposure of this bed in the. Blacksmith gully, Bristol, Ontario co., has furnished several specimens. Lunulicardium pilosum sp. nov. 2 Plate 2, fig. 23, 24; plate, 4, fig. 8 9 Shell of medium to large size, length and breadth equal. Beaks posterior of the axial line; lateral marginal slopes diverging at an angle of 75°. The sical margins are long, extending for a little more than half way down the shell, their actual length being four fifths the length of the valve. Their margin is distinctly though not deeply incurved, the sical walls narrow, but they are not greatly arched, and the hiatus is conse- 240 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM quently narrow. Antelateral margin prominent, making the valves slightly aliform at the front angle; basal margin rather evenly curved, somewhat transverse beneath; the posterior margin regularly and somewhat abruptly rounded, not expanded. Surface sloping evenly and regularly toward the commissures, rather abruptly to the posterior margin and anteriorly to a broad. low depression along the hiatus. The ornamental marking consists of exceedingly fine, somewhat undulating, filiform radial lines; at the lower margin there are seven of these in the space of 1 mm and over the middle of the valve nine lines in the same space. These are interrupted by concentric lines and may be minutely crenulated by finer lines of growth. Sometimes the concentric growth completely obscures the radial markings over most of the pallial region. Dimensions. A right valve of this species has the following dimen- sions: hight 18 mm, length 18 mm; length of hiatus 13 mm. A large left valve measures, hight 30 mm, length 32 mm; length. of hiatus 23 mm. Ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully, Naples. A specimen from the lower shales on Pike's creek, Erie co., is also referred provisionally to the species. Lunulicardium (Prochasma) bickense Holzapfel ; Plate 3, fig. 3-5, 11 Lunulicardium bickense Holzapfel, Die Goniatitenkalke von Adorf; Paleon- tographica. 1882. 28: 256, pl. 49, fig. 9 Lunulicardium laeve Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 39, pl. 13, fig. 5, 6, 8 Prochasma bickense Beushausen, Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. p. 377) pl. 28, fig. 4, 5, 10, 12 This species, which sometimes attains moderately large size, has an obliquely ovate outline with beak behind the middle line; sical margin oblique, short, attaining about one half the hight of the valve; making an apical angle of 30° with the axial line: direct or slightly incurved and arched. Pallial surface expanded more behind than in front NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 241 of the axial line. Slope quite abrupt to the anterior margin. Surface smooth with fine concentric lines, but no other ornamentation except one or two short plications directly behind the beak. I am unable to detect in the descriptions and illustrations of this species which have been given by Holzapfel and Beushausen, any differ- ences from shells occurring in the Naples fauna at and west of the Genesee river. The species was first quoted from Martenberg near Adorf, Bicken (Holzapfel) and other localities; Beushausen adds Oberscheld, all in the lower Upper Devonic. It seems probable that these shells are identical with those described by Williams as above cited, though I have been unable to obtain access to the original specimens of L. laeve or to examples regarded by the author as of typical character. Our shells vary notably in size but without change in essential characters. Lunulicardium laeve was characterized as of “medium size, obliquely oval, with sharp, short beak nearly central, with byssal gap starting close under the beak on the anterior side and reaching obliquely about one half the length of the shell, lip reflected in the left valve and inflected in the right valve, the front broadly rounded and curving around regularly to near the beak on the posterior margin, upon which are two or three well defined radiating plications which may be lateral cardinal teeth. Surface nearly smooth, with concentric lines of growth and very fine radiate striae.” The species differs from L. enode in its shorter, less oblique sical margin, and from L. absegmen in the same respect as well as its smaller diameter across the pallial region. If proper allowance be made for the compression to which these shale specimens have been subjected, it will be difficult to distinguish them from L. inflatum Holz. (Martenberg).' Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Lower Portage falls of the Genesee river; Buck run near Mount Morris; Johnson’s falls, ? See Holzapfel, of. cit. 1882. p. 33, pl. 6, fig. 11, and compare his figure with ours on pl. 3, fig. 3. See a/so Beushausen, of. cit. p. 377, pl. 28, fig. 6, 7. 242 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Strykersville; Farnham creek, Lake Erie shore, three miles southwest of Angola. The originals of the L. laeve are from Varysburg and Warsaw, Wyoming co. Lunulicardium (Prochasma) absegmen sp. nov. Plate 3, fig. 13 Shell of medium size, subcircular over the pallial region, broadly pointed at the beak, the apical angle being about 45°. Behind the beak the margin is incurved. abruptly, thence rounds outward, downward and upward in regular subcircular curvature, meeting the sical margin at the middle of the shell. Sical margin oblique, longer than one half the length of the shell, slightly arched. Surface depressed and evenly curved, smooth or with only very obscure concentric striae. No radial markings visible. This species differs from L. bickense in its broader form, subcir- cular marginal outline, absence of radial lines and obsolescence of the plications beneath the beak; L. beushauseni, which it approaches in outline, has strong subumbonal, posterior plications and fine radial lines over the shell. In L. enode the sical margin is longer and more oblique. Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Correll’s point, Lake Erie. Lunulicardium absegmen is very closely similar to L. con- centricum (Martenberg) as described and figured by Holzapfel and Beushausen,’ but has a longer and more oblique sical margin. Lunulicardium (Prochasma) enode sp. nov. Plate 3, fig. 14 Shell small, apical angle about 60°. Anterior margin oblique, straight and arched, extending five sevenths of the length of the valve. The basal margin is oblique from the end of the hiatus and rather broadly recurved posteriorly. The surface is marked only by very fine .concentric lines. This species may be distinguished from L. bickense by its much longer: sical margin. *Op. cit. 1882. p. 33, pl. 6, fig. ro. 2 Op. cit. 1895. p. 372, pl. 28, fig. 11. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 243 Dimenstons of the only specimen found: hight 13 mm, length 9 mm.’ Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. From the lower Portage falls of the Genesee river gorge. Lunulicardium (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov. Plate 3, fig. 17-20; plate 4, fig. 14 Cf. Prochasma dilatatum Beushausen, Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. p. 376, pl. 28, fig. 8, 9 Shells of rather large size, obliquely ovate, beak nearly central or lying just behind the axial line. Behind the beak the margin is usually some- what incurved, and its surface bears one or two short ribs; thence the curve is abruptly outward, and a rounded angle of nearly go° is formed at the turn to the nearly straight postlateral margin. Over the basal margin the curve is broad, rising obliquely to the extremity of the sicae, where it makes an angle of about 60°. The sical margin is straight, arched, and is a little longer than one half the hight of the valve. Surface usually with concentric lines and low wrinkles or festoons. Exceedingly fine, radial, filiform lines are visible on internal casts and doubtless pertain to the inner rather than the outer shell layers. Dimensions. Hight of an average specimen 29 mm, length 23 mm; length of sical margin 19 mm. Observations. The smaller of Beushausen’s specimens of Pro- chasma dilatatum approach this shell very closely in all details. We should be disposed to assign the latter to that species, were it not for-the difference suggested by the larger forms included under that name. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully and other outcrops of the shales, Naples N. Y. Lunulicardium beushauseni sp. nov. Plate 3, fig. 12, 13; plate 4, fig. 15 Shell below medium size, subcircular in general outline, beak nearly central or slightly posterior. Posterior margin incurved beneath the beak, bending outward in a nearly semicircular curve to the basal margin, which continues the same curvature but with a broader expansion over the 244 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM antelateral region; anterior margin similarly curved, rounding to the sical margin, which is short (about one half the hight of the shell) and arched. The angle between it and the posterior margin is obtuse and rounded. Beneath the beak and just in front of it are three strong and short plica- tions bending upward to the margin, comparable to the single riblet that appears in similar position in several other species of the genus. Very faint radial lines are also visible over the posterior and median parts, and concentric lines occur on the anterior slope, taking the form of regular festoons or rings. This species is well characterized by its form, subumbonal radii, and the concentric undulations on the anterior slope. All the specimens observed are from the same locality. Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Walnut creek, Forestville, Chautauqua co. N. Y. Lunulicardium suppar sp. nov. Plate 3, fig. 6-10 Shell suborbicular in outline, rotund. Beak central, directed anteriorly. Umbones full. Length and width equal. Surface highly convex, greatest elevation being attained near the center, whence the slope is rather gradual and regular toward the base, but much more abrupt both anteriorly and posteriorly and more so posteriorly than anteriorly, making a bulged and sharply deflected surface on the posterior face. The sical margin is short, oblique and transverse, making a very large angle with the anterior margin at the beak, not extending for one half the hight of the shell, and incurved or concave. The sicae are set off from the body of the shell by a sharp groove, are clearly defined, narrow, extended outward, and not downward ‘or inward, and do not bear a smooth surface. The angle between the sicae and the anterior margin of the valve is large and prominent. The surface of the shell is entirely covered with fine, obscure radial lines, which become broader toward the periphery. All are flattened, and a few of those on the anterior slope are larger than the rest, and are sepa- rated by broader furrows. The sicae also bear similar radial lines. Low NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 245 concentric lines of growth are visible over the surface, specially near the margins. This species is readily recognized by its unusual form and contour, and its striated sicae. ffabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville, Wyoming ‘co., and the lower Portage falls of the Genesee river. Lunulicardium sp. nov. Plate 2, fig. 21 A small shell of orbicular triangular outline, has a large apical angle, long sical margin, the latter making about 45° with the vertical axis, the beak is slightly posterior, the surface quite uniformly convex with an abrupt turn downward near the periphery and a low broad sulcus just within the sical edge, which is slightly turned upward. The surface is covered -with very fine concentric lines which traverse the sical groove. About the margins are evidences of radial plications, but no trace of these appears over the body of the shell. Dimensions. The single specimen, a right valve, measures in hight 9 mm, length ro mm, length of sical margin 9 mm. This shell is quite unlike any of the other species here’described, both in form and character of surface. Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the black Gene- see shale just above the Genundewa limestone at Seneca point, Canan- daigua lake, N. Y. Lunulicardium sp. nov. ? Plate 2, fig. 19 A species distinct from the foregoing is represented by a single speci- men whose outline is acuminate subtriangular. The umbo is subcentral, relatively long and narrow, the apical angle approximately 30°. The sical margin is long and slightly incurved, but does not reach for the full extent of the valve. The lower margin is nearly semicircular, the anterior margin incurved. The center of convexity is near the middle of the valve and toward the sical margin. The surface shows evidences over the pallial region of coarse plications; there are also a few strong concentric growth 246 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lines. A very small portion of the exterior shows an exceedingly fine, undulating ornamentation of elevated closely set lines. The length of this single observed specimen (left valve) is 12 mm; its width 16 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Styliola limestone, Canandaigua lake. Lunulicardium sp. nov. ? Plate 4, fig. 11 A single fragment of a left valve indicates a large elongate oval species with rather coarsely but obscurely plicated surface. A fragment of a much larger shell from Forestville presents similar characters. Neither of these can be identified with any species here or elsewhere described. FHlabitat. Genesee province ; Chautauqua subprovince, Correll’s point. Lunulicardium ? (Opisthocoelus ?) transversale sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 16 This name is applied to a small shell, undistorted but of peculiar habit in its elongate transverse outline. From its subcentral beak the anterior dorsal margin extends in nearly a transverse line for one half the length of the shell. while the posterior dorsal line is more oblique. The anterior extremity curves narrowly, and the margin below it is broadly sinuated by a depression from the umbo. The basal margin is transverse, rising gradually to the narrow posterior extremity. The surface is convex in the umbonal region, sloping most gradually to the basal margin. A low ridge hes on the anterior moiety, separated from the anterior edge by a broad depression. Beneath and in front of the beak, in the place of the hiatus, is a smooth, elongate triangular and vertical lunular surface without hiatus, the edge coming down to the plane of commissure. Behind the beak the margin is incurved and erect. The ornament consists of fine, sharp, round, simple, elevated radial lines about 60 in number, a little coarser and more widely separated on the anterior surface, and the intervals between them may vary somewhat over the shell. Dimensions. The single left valve observed is 6 mm in length and 2.5 mm in hight. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 247 Observations, This is a unique shell in this congeries. I have referred it with some hesitation to the genus Opisthocoelus Beushausen,' which was erected for species having well defined vertical areas in front and behind the triangular ligament area.? Shells of this genus are chiefly from the lower Upper Devonic. Habitat.. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Naples shales at Ithaca N. Y. PTEROCHAENIA gen. nov. Among the aneite which heretofore have been referred to. the genus Lunulicardium is a small species with smooth exterior occurring freely in the Middle and Upper Devonic of New York and originally described by Hall as an Avicula fragilis Under this name have been covered all the expressions of the species which are known to occur in the Marcellus, Hamilton, Genesee and Portage shales. These shells have been abun- dantly illustrated on plate 71 of Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, and the figures there given (1-14) show excellently both the generic and specific characters. The relation of these shells to Lunulicardium is not remote, but there are palpable differences. The valves are, first, extremely tenuous, being apparently little more than a film of lime which may be considerably phosphatic. They bear no exterior ornamental mark- ings save the fine concentric lines of growth; all radial lines lie on the inner surface of the valves and may be visible by translucence from without. The beaks are distinctly prosogyre ; on the anterior margins and just in front of the beak is a conspicuous byssal hiatus which may extend for one half the shell’s length. This is bordered by two flanges, or narrow explanate processes, which are widest at the beak, rapidly becoming narrower toward the antelateral margin of the valves. Their surface is either convex or their outer margins are decidedly elevated and they are directed not inward nor vertically but outward in the plane of the valves. 'Op. cit. p. 338. 2 See figures of the type species O. concentricus Beus., of. cit. pl. 38, fig. g-11. 3Geol. N. Y. 4th dist. 1843; subsequently referred to Aviculopecten by 5S. A. Miller in Cat. Am. Paleozoic Foss. 1877. 248 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM At their beginning they are not deeply separated from the beaks, but from that point downward they are divided from the body of the shell by a deep and moderately broad sulcus, in the bottom of which lies a narrow, rounded ridge. The surface of these byssal expansions is striated parallel to their outer edge by concentric lines continued from the body of the shell. The anterior projection of the beaks toward the opening suggests the characters which were ascribed by Beushausen to his genus Prochasma, which however was based on a very different order of shells. As to the structure of the hinge, no evidence can be ascertained from delicate barite replacements except the total absence of articulating processes. These valves are found not uncommonly in the shales still in normal apposition along the linear ligamental margin behind the beaks. This is well shown in several of the figures given herewith. Along this short posterior line only was attachment of the valves effected. Species of .this type are not wholly unknown in other manifestations of the Intumescens fauna. Posidonia hians Waldschmidt from Wildun- gen* is a closely related shell, and we are disposed to regard certain valves from the black limestones in the Domanik of Timan, described and figured by Holzapfel’ as possibly of crustacean nature, as unquestionably appertaining to this genus. Of the three figures given by Holzapfel all show the sicae extended forward in the plane of the valves and two of these we have inserted here for comparison. They are described as very tenuous, fragile and depressed convex “bodies. The author has not specifically designated these valves which now assume special interest from the concur- Fig. 8 Pterochaenia rence of the genus they represent in widely separated uchtensis Timan (after 3 Holzapfel) localities. We therefore suggest the name Ptero- chaenia uchtensis. *Waldschmidt, Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geolog. Gesellsch. 1885. p. g24, pl. 40, fig. 4; Frech, Devon. Aviculiden. 1891. p. 72, pl. 14, fig. 13. * Die Cephalopoden des Domanik im siidlichen Timan. Memoires du Comité Geolog. St Petersburg. 1899. v. 12, no. 3, p. 53, pl. 9, fig. 17-19. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 249 Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.) Plate s, fig. 1-10 Avicula fragilis Hall, Geology of New York; report on the fourth district 1843. p. 222, fig. 94-1, 2 Lunulicardium fragile Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. pt 2. 1870. p. 97 Aviculopecten fragilis S, A. Miller, Catalogue North American Paleozoic Fossils. 1877. p. 184 Lunulicardium fragile Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, P. 434, pl. 70, fig. 1-14 Lunulicardium fragile Clarke, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 62 Lunulicardium fragile H.S. Williams, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 38, pl. 3, fig. 7 This species, which has already been fully described and illustrated by Professor Hall (1885), has an unusual vertical range without wide variation. The bituminous shales of the Marcellus division and those of the Genesee division locally abound in specimens of like character. In the Hamilton group the species occurs occasionally where the sediment becomes dark, and in the shales of the Naples division it is among the less common lamel- libranchs. A specimen in the State Museum collections shows its continued presence after the introduction of the Chemung fauna. Among all its appearances throughout its vertical range and its varying aspects, differences in size are not often accompanied by material or persistent differences in outline. It is undoubtedly to the fragility and tenuity of the shell that some of the apparent differences are to be ascribed. Nevertheless, we observe throughout the history of these shells that the extremes of varia- tion in outline afford (1) the broadly spatulate or elongate form which is the normal and most usual expression of the species, and (2) a much more orbicular or subquadrate shell. The history and relations of these extremes are somewhat as follows. With the first appearance of the species in the Marcellus shales the former of these prevails, and the second, or other pas- sage forms between the two extremes are seldom met. The normal is well 250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM maintained through this early epoch in the existence of the species. In the shales of the Genesee division, the only time at which the species becomes highly abundant, the normal extreme is common and the second extreme also not infrequent. But so common and gradual are the variations in outline between these extremes that it is hopeless to look here for a permanent distinction. We except from this statement unusually large shells with sinuous contour occurring in the Styliola limestone and occa-. sionally in the shales, to which we have hereinafter given the name P. sinuosa. The original Avicula fragilis of Hall was described from the Genesee shales. The type specimen has never been redrawn, and the generic characters of the shell are not well shown in the original figure; but the form portrayed shows the elongate oval outline of ‘the normal extreme. We ought, indeed, in dealing with the examples from this horizon, to restrict the original species name, fragilis, to shells with strictly this outline, and designate the opposite extreme by some species designation, but, with the presence of all intermediate phases, the attempt at distinction would here prove quite futile and confusing. In the Naples fauna, where the shells are not very common, this distinction is immediately practicable. Here the two extremes are well expressed, and, so far as our observation extends, there are none of the intermediate stages. The two extreme types of outline, both originating in the Marcellus, are here perma- nently fixed and at once distinguished. In the fauna of the Genesee shales the normal and restricted P. fragilis is surrounded by its variants, mobile and unstable. With the passage of time the unstable means disappear, leaving only the fixed extremes. Theterms P.fragilisand P.fragilis var. or bicularis, in their application to the expressions of this type as they occur in the Naples fauna, have therefore a definite significance with relation to the species and its history. The figures of Lunulicardium fragile given by Hall [of. cz#. pl. 71] are for the most part representa- tions of the rounder and variant outline. Thus, figures 1 2, 5-7, all approach the outline of var. orbicularis; only figures 9 and 11 repre NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 251 sent the more elongate and usual form of the species. All of Hall’s figures are of specimens from the Genesee shales." The surface markings of these shells vary somewhat. Normally the surface was smooth, marked only by fine, crowded growth lines. Many specimens show that in the umbonal region the concentric lines were more regular, sharper, elevated, distant, and distinctly continuous. _Under ordinary preservation, however, this regular character is lost before the middle of the valve is reached. All the figures in the Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 71, show a concentric striation exceptionally regular, and not to be found on the specimens, with the exception of one, figure 2, taken from a group of shells in the bituminous Genesee shale near Darien N. Y., in which the fine, sharp, regular striation is maintained over the entire surface. I have not seen specimens from other localities in which this feature is shown, but it appears to characterize all examples from the locality cited. Radial striae, as we have observed, are not a feature of the exterior. Such striae are not infrequently seen, but they appertain to the inner shell layers. The byssal ears have not heretofore been correctly represented. In specimens from the shales their outer margins are usually broken off, leaving them narrower in appearance than they actually were. There is no evident difference in size or shape in the flanges of opposite valves ; on the contrary, all testimony confirms their equality in this respect, as well as the equivalvular character of the entire dissoconch. Dimensions. Average specimens measure approximately as follows: one from the Marcellus shales is 6 mm in hight and 8 mm in length; its byssal margin is 5 mm in length. Specimens from the Genesee shales present about the same size and proportions. An average example from the olive Naples shales measures, hight 5 mm, length 7 mm, length of «The large smooth shell, Lunulicardium marcellense Hall, occurring in the interbedded shales of the Agoniatite limestone (Cherry Valley) suggests Pterochaenia in aspect, but the species appertains rather to the smooth Prochasma forms of Lunuli- cardium, lacking the critical structure of the other genus. 252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM byssal margin 4 mm; a small shell, hight 3.5 mm, length 4.5 mm, length of byssal margin 2 mm; a large example, hight 8 mm, length 10 mm, length of byssal margin 4 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Widely distrib- uted. More commonly found in the bituminous shale beds near the base of the group than in the olive shales and sands. Havana glen, Montour Falls, Schuyler co., Glenora, Rock Stream, Belknap’s gully near Branchport, and south of Penn Yan, Yates co.; Parrish gully and elsewhere, Naples; at various spots in the towns of South Bristol and Bristol, Ontario co.; on the shores of Canandaigua and Conesus lakes, etc.; in the Cashaqua or lower shales at Griswold, Genesee co., Eighteen Mile and Pike’s creek, Erie co. Chautauqua subprovince. Rare on Farnham creek near Angola, 250 feet above the Cashaqua shales. In the Styliola limestone at many outcrops. In the Marcellus and Hamilton shales, and the dark shales of the Genesee common at various localities. Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.) var. orbicularis var. nov. \ Plate 4, fig. 17,18; plate s, fig. 11-16 The attenuate, narrow, erect and prosogyre beak is shown in this variety as in the specific type. The outline is suborbicular, varying to subquadrate, and the hiatus is relatively short; the byssal margin being gently incurved. Hight and length equal. Surface as in P. fragilis. The specimens of this variety in the Naples fauna are usually of small size, measuring approximately 5 mm in hight and length. In some locali- ties twice this size is attained. Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. At Naples and in the vicinity; also near Ithaca (Cayuga lake inlet) and in the Ithaca fauna at Norwich, Chenango co. and in the Genesee shales on Cayuga creek, at Iron Bridge Mills. The larger form of this variety, like that occurring in the locality last mentioned, is also found in the dark shales of the Hamilton group south of Aurora N. Y. = NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 253 Pterochaenia sinuosa sp. nov. Plate 5, fig. 17-22 Shell comparatively large; beak attenuate, narrow and erect; surface strongly convex or rotund medially, with a broad and low radial sinus near the anterior margin. Outline suborbicular, varying to obliquely oval; regular on the posterior and lower edges but rendered sinuous anteriorly by the emergence of the sinus. Byssal margin short, very oblique, slightly incurved and making a large angle with the vertical axis of the shell. The byssal extensions are very broad, wing-shaped, and convex near the beaks, narrowing rapidly downward; sical grooves deep and narrow at the bottom, broad at the top. Exterior smooth, showing only concentric growth lines; radial lines appear on exfoliated surfaces. This species is readily distinguished from P. fragilis and its vari- ants by its large size, sinused surface, undulated outline and highly developed sicae. An average specimen has a hight of 10 mm, length of 12 mm, and the byssal margin is 6 mm in length. flabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This shell occurs often in great numbers in the Styliola (Genundewa) limestone on Canan- daigua lake, and at Middlesex, Yates co. It is also occasionally found in the Genesee shales, and Professor Hall has represented such a shell from these shales near Penn Yan N. Y." Pterochaenia perissa sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 19 This rare species presents the appearance of a P. fragilis nearly halved by the byssal groove and bearing an extravagant flange. The byssal groove extends over the greatest diameter of the shell, and the flange itself is very wide, its width being one third the greatest length of the shell; it tapers very slowly from the beak outward. The surface of the valve is concentrically lined; on the flanges these striae become parallel to its outer edge and are strongly marked. The ridge in the byssal groove is conspicuous. ‘Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 71, fig. 13. 254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dimensions of the only observed example: length to byssal furrow, 3 mm, hight 5 mm, length of byssal margin 5.5 mm, width of flange 1 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully, Naples. Pterochaenia elmensis sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 26, 27 Shells large for this genus, elongate, marginal curve suboval over the pallial region, byssal margin very long, straight, almost attaining the full hight of the valve. Posterior margin rather abruptly expanding from the beak out: Byssal flanges narrow, separated from the body of the valve by a sharp furrow, to which the slope from the body of the valve is abrupt. Surface smooth, only fine concentric lines being visible, with faint radial lines sometimes apparent on the inner layers. Dimensions. Hight 11 mm, length 10 mm, length of byssal margin 10.5 mm. Observations. This species is the largest representative of the genus observed, and, while approaching P. fragilis more closely than any other, may readily be distinguished therefrom by its very long byssal margin and narrow flanges. This margin however is shorter than in P. perissa and the flanges narrower. Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Big Buffalo creek, East Elma, Erie co. Pterochaenia cashaquae sp. nov. Plate 4, fig. 20-25 This is a very small shell, never even approximating the dimensions of any other of the shells of this genus here described. It differs from P. fragilis in having a long, straight oblique byssal margin, not halving the valve as in P. perissa, but directed toward the antelateral extremity at an angle of less than 45° with the axis of the shell. The antelateral curve is much more broadly rounded than in either of the species men- tioned. The byssal groove is quite broad and bears no ridge on its bottom; the byssal flanges are narrow and extroverted. The body of the shell is: NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 255 narrowly convex in the umbonal region, and from the posterior side of the umbo a broad depression extends to the margin. Shell thin as in other species, marked only with concentric striations. Dimensions. An average specimen has a hight of 4 mm, a length of 3.5 mm, and length of byssus is 3 mm. Observations. This shell occurs abundantly in the locality cited, but has not been observed elsewhere. It seems to take the place, in the succes- sion here, of the common P. fragilis of more easterly localities. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the lower soft shales on Cashaqua creek. HONEOYEA gen. nov. This name is proposed for a group of small shells showing some affini- ties with Lunulicardium, but, if we have oriented them correctly, distinct in Fig.g Honeoyea erinacea, Anterior view showing the arch of the valve at the byssal hiatus, the form of the posterior.crescent and the triangular cardinal area, Fig. 1o The same, showing crescent and umbonal ridge with spine bases. important respects. In these the beak is minute, opisthogyre and inflected and the umbonal slopes to the commissure are abrupt. On the long, oblique anterior margin is an hiatus or byssal opening bounded by arched margins, on which the sicae are but very faintly developed, being thin, narrow, concave, and eflected, not vertical as in the Lunuli- cardia. Behind the beak is an oblique, vertical or concave crescentic wall, set off from the body of the shell by a lunate curve; the edges of this lunulelike division meet in the plane of commissure with no opening between. This feature is conspicuous, and its upper bounding ridge is thickened and crested, in the typical species (H. erinacea) becoming spinous. This depression extends for the entire length of the postlateral slope, is nearly as long as the byssal gap, and its surface is crossed by 256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM oblique plications which inosculate at their outer extremities along the commissure. The hinge structure of this region shows analogy with that of Lunuli- cardium in the following respects. There is an erect triangular area wholly or nearly behind the beak; at its posterior angle is a slightly projecting process on one valve, which is probably recurved into a depression in the other. Except for this departure the lower edge of the area is horizontal. The divergent plications on the posterior crescent contribute to articula- tion in the same manner as do the few coarse postumbonal ribs in Lunulicardium. The surface markings may consist solely of simple ribs (H. sim plex), but in other species the plications are few in number, distant, and each medially crested with a bladelike, vertical lamella; one or two pairs of smaller but erect lamellae may occur on the slopes of the major plications. In some respects this genus resembles Mila Barrande,' but:such similarity is confined to the general form of the shells. Mila bears no hiatus, and no clearly defined posterior crescent. The species of this genus are not now positively known outside of the lower Upper Devonic of New York; but it seems more than probable that the shells described by Miinster? as Cardium semialatum, C. pauci- costatum and C. alternans as well as C. triangulum Goldfs.,3 all from the upper Devonic of Elbersreuth, will prove to be Honeoyeas. Type, Honeoyea erinacea, Honeoyea erinacea sp. nov. Plate 6, fig. 15-22 Shell small or of medium size, subtriangular. Beak posterior, crescent rather short, concave and sharply defined ; sical margin. longer, extending for two thirds the length of the shell. Anterior slope vertical, posterior slope incurved. Surface sloping "Cf. M. delicata, Barr. Etage E: Syst. Sil. v. 6, pl. 244, fig. 8. Beitr. 3 zur Petrefaktenkunde. 1840. p. 59, 60, pl. 13, fig. 1, 2, 5. 3Petref. Germaniae, pl. 142, fig. 3. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 257 regularly to the lower margin, more abruptly toward the crescent, and verti- cally to the posterior hiatus. The surface mafkings consist of 12 to 15 primary ribs, not including: the crescent ridge. These ribs are sharply angular, and each bears a vertical, bladelike lamella extending along its middle line. On each lateral slope of the primary ribs is a finer lamella, and usually two more of similar size may be seen in the furrow intervening between two ribs. Thus between the crested plications are four fine radial lamellae, the two outer of which are the coarser and the other two some- times obscured. The primary crested ribs are continuous and simple; no example has been observed showing increase in number from the early parts of the shell outward. The rib bounding the anterior slope is shorter than the rest, not reaching to the beak; below it are a few of the finer lamellae. The ridge bounding the crescent is broad and prominent. Its summit ts rounded and gives off a single series of spines, four to six in number, the upper ones being short, the lower curved somewhat irregularly outward and backward and the last, the longest, curved downward at the tip. These spines are hollow and not inclosed on the under-side, with the exception of the terminal spine. They are formed by the upturning of the contracted edges of the crescent and the body of the shell at periodic cessations of growth. The surface of the crescent itself is marked with low, rounded and broad plications alternating in size. These plications are very oblique, passing from the region of the beak and the ridge backward at a low angle and crenulating the margin, where, by the interlocking of these crenulations on opposite valves, articulation is assisted. These shells are sometimes quite small, the most perfect of our speci- mens not exceeding a width of 4mm. Larger examples, however, attain a length and width of 11 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully, Naples ; Briggs’s gully, Honeoye lake; Whetstone gully, Conesus lake; Havana glen, Schuyler co. etc.; also in the lower shales at Attica, Wyoming co., Wolf creek and the lower Portage falls of the Genesee river ; rare in the Genesee shales, Canandaigua lake. 258 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Honeoyea major sp. nov. Plate 6, fig. 10-14 This is a species of larger size than the H. erinacea, and relatively narrower over the pallial region, the posterior margin being longer and more oblique. The general aspect and surface markings of the two are the same, but in H. major the number of primary ribs is limited to nine or ten. These differences permit the ready distinction of the species. ‘Honeoyea major is a more abundant shell than H. erinacea, though we have observed no specimens so well preserved as those of the latter. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the shales at Naples and vicinity, rarely in the flagstones of the middle and upper portions of the group; also in the shales at the lower Portage falls. Honeoyea styliophila sp. nov. Plate 6, fig. 4-9 Shell relatively large, suborbicular, beak subcentral, slightly anterior; posterior crescentic margin short, slightly incurved, nearly transverse and usually obscure, the inflected surface being quite oblique; anterior margin longer. Lower margin quite regularly rounded. Valves convex, subro- tund in the umbonal region, umbones incurved. ; Surface with six to eight strong primary ribs, crested medially as in H. erinacea and H. major; as in these species also there are normally four fine lamellar lines between each two ribs, but in old shells this character is obscured by the union of the radial lamellae to form a single strong plication. The crescentic ridge is low and shows no spinous processes on its surface. Dimenstons. A specimen retaining the normal proportions of the shell has the following: length 22 mm, width 24 mm, length of crescent 11 mm, length of hiatus 23 mm. Though the feeble development of the posterior crescent gives this species a more orbicular outline than is typical in this group, yet its other NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 259 surface characters indicate its affiliation herewith. It is very much the largest representative of the genus. Ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Not uncommon in the Styliola limestone, on the shores of Canandaigua lake. Honeoyea simplex sp. nov. Plate 6, fig. 1-3 Shell small, subtriangular, basal margin rounded, anterior edge gently convex, posterior margin concave. Beak situated behind the median line of the shell, oblique and directed backward. Posterior crescent sharply defined, concave ; its outer margin makes a broad, somewhat thickened and elevated ridge, forming the apparent posterior margin of the valve when viewed from above. The crescent wall is shorter and more oblique than the sical margin and strongly incurved. The latter is slightly ecurved and considerably arched upward, the hiatus extending nearly if not quite the full length of the antelateral margin. The sical edge is eflected and smooth, just within it is a low moderately wide groove, and above that the abrupt curve of the anterior slope of the valve. Surface sloping rather gradually from above the center of the valve to the basal margin and to the crescent; anteriorly the slope is abrupt from the crescent ridge which forms the highest part of the valve. The orna- mentation consists of simple, continuous, slightly flattened and closely set plications, about 30 in number. The surface of the crescent is smooth or finely radiate, as is likewise the surface of the sical furrow; a few plications extend on to the anterior slope above the furrow. This species is based on a single, well preserved right valve, whose length is 5.5 mm, width 5 mm, length of lunule 3 mm, and length. of hiatus 4 mm. Habitat, Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Styliola limestone, Canadaigua lake. 260 NEW YORK STATE, MUSEUM Honeoyea desmata sp. nov. Plate 6, fig. 23 In describing hereafter the genus Paraptyx we have observed its close structural affinity with Honeoyea, notwithstanding a striking difference in the general external expression of the shells. The genera are alike in the possession of a “crescent” of similar structure and surface characters ; but in Paraptyx the posterior hiatus is very obscure, and the surface of the shell carries only fine, regular and closely set plications. It is with some hesita- tion that the species now under consideration is referred to Honeoyea. It has the suborbicular outline of Paraptyx, the transverse crescent and, if there was a posterior hiatus, it was short and narrow, our material not per- mitting the determination of this point. The surface ornament is however so much like that of Honeoyea that we prefer to leave the species with this genus, recognizing it as an interesting intermediary form between the two genera. Shell of medium size, orbicular in outline, transverse on the cardinal margin. The crescentic ridge, which is prominent, makes the only inter- ruption in the regular curvature of the margin. Beak slightly posterior. Valve a little longer than wide. Surface convex, sloping evenly with a slight depression outside of the crescentic ridge. Anterior slope short and abrupt; hiatus if present very short and narrow. Surface ornament consists of 17 primary ribs, which are rather narrow and widely separated. Though these ribs appear to be somewhat flattened, each was crested by a very fine, erect lamella, which near the lower margin on some of the ribs seems to have become double. The broad and flat interspaces bear four fine, elevated striae, two on the slopes of the primary ribs and the median two much closer together, sometimes apparently coalescing. Near the crescent the numerical regularity of the striation becomes slightly modified. The concave surface of the crescent is obliquely plicated. But a single example of this species has been observed, a left valve, slightly imperfect about the beak. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 261 Dimensions. This specimen has a length of 15 mm, and a width of 18 mm, Ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. From the sandy layers in the upper part of the group; Tannery gully, Naples. A shell which may prove to be this species occurs in the Chautauqua subprovince in the higher beds at Varysburg, Wyoming co, PARAPTYX gen. nov. With this name it is proposed to designate shells showing an inter- esting departure from Honeoyea and yet withal closely allied to that genus and connected therewith by the species Honeoyea desmata. The type species of Paraptyx (P. ontario) is of considerable size, much larger than is attained by Honeoyea, and its surface markings are the fine, radial, simple or compound plications of the ‘Cardiolas” rather than Fig. 11 Paraptyx ontario, Posterodorsai margin or crescent viewed from within the crested ribs of Honeoyea. When oriented to correspond with that genus, we find that the beaks are opisthogyre, and that there is a sharply defined posterior “crescent” with vertical or slightly incurved face and elevated ridge; the surface of this crescent bears a few strong plications, interlocking at théir ends on opposite valves. The crescent is almost trans- verse or on the plane of the hinge and is relatively short. Its outer extremity, unlike that of Honeoyea, is eflected. On the interior the cres- cent and ridge make a deep sinus, as if for the passage of some siphon, but for want of an analogy we can not venture an opinion of its function. Conceding this crescent to be posterior and the beaks directed backward, the anterior margins of the shell were very slightly if at all opened. Our material bearing on this point is not very extensive but indicates close apposition along these margins. Beneath and in front of the beak the cardinal line is smooth, without ligament area, 262 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM sek Paraptyx ontario sp. nov. Plate 7, fig. 1-8 - Shell of medium size, beak subcentral- or: slightly posterior, closely appressed against the hinge line, umbones prominent, directed posteriorly, giving the umbonal region a somewhat oblique slope. Outline elongate subovate to subcircular. Hinge line or crescent margin straight or slightly incurved behind the beak, extending to the farthest posterior margin, and making a right or acute angle with that margin;. ante- riorly short, and soon passing into the rounded lateral curve of the valves. Lateral and ventral curves broadly subcircular. Contour normally rotund, specially in the umbonal region, sloping regularly to the lateral and basal margins. The vertical, concave crescentic area is broad crested at its summit, and crossed by obliquely radiating riblets which begin directly under the beak. The first of these radiate in all directions from that point posteriorly, inward and anteriorly, and strongly crenulate the margin. This is specially true of the shortest and least oblique of these radii. The more oblique radii cover the greater portion of the surface. The crest or crescent ridge is greatly elevated, its surface being modified by undulations resulting from concentric lines, which elsewhere are obscurely seen. This structure may be compared with that of the crested anterior limb in Honeoyea, where the strong varices are developed at the crossing of concentric lines not elsewhere visible on the shell. The surface bears from 120 to 150 fine, flat plications, which increase by the intercala- tion of smaller ones and are separated by linear grooves. These all have a strong posterior curve over the median convexity of the shell. This surficial ornament is altogether similar to that in Cardiola clarkei Beush. with which the shells also agree in all other respects save the presence of the cresent and the more oval outline. Low concentric corru- gations are sometimes seen; these being in some degree due to compres- sion in the shales. In several of the sculpture casts there are evidences of two or three short, impressed lines divergimg from the beak. These would seem in such cases to represent internal umbonal ridges, but they NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 263 are not always present, nor can they be seen on interiors of the most delicately replaced valves. ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Naples shales at Naples and vicinity. It is not a very common species. aotrnopteriA Hall. 1883 Actinopteria sola sp. nov. : Plate 12, fig. 20 Shells small, suberect; subrhomboidal in outline, hinge line straight, extending to but not beyond the posterior extremity of the valve. Wing moderately broad, set off from the body of the valve by a rather low depres- sion and not extending backward beyond the posterior margin of the valve. Auricle conspicuous, convex in the middle, depressed near the cardinal line and bounded below by a broad sulcus. Beak at the anterior one third of the hinge. Anterior extremity rounded abruptly, outline emarginate at the byssal groove, thence descending at first directly and then more obliquely to near the posterior extremity, to which it curves upward and beyond it inward to the base of the wing. Umbo convex, overarching the hinge; surface sloping thence gradually to the basal line and more abruptly in front and behind. Surface bearing sharply elevated rounded radii, which are simple in the umbonal region and are about 20 in number. At the margin they have increased by intercalation to double this number and cover both auricle and wing, though simple on both these. Dimensions. Length 5 mm; hight 4 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the soft shaies on Cashaqua creek. Observations. The single left valve of this species is the only observed instance of the occurrence of this genus in the Naples shales and the diminutive shell looks much like an interloper from the contemporary Ithaca province of the central New York sea. That fauna is specially characterized by the diversity of expressions of Actinopteria, all specifically based on the type of the ancestral A. boydi of the fauna preceding this 264 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM on the field (Hamilton). A. boydi, by loss of race force, breaks up at the close of Hamilton time into a number of diminutive and shortlived survivors (A. perstrialis, delta, epsilon, eta, etc.), and to this highly variant superstitial group this shell, A. sola, seems to appertain. It seems out of place, out of harmony with its usual surroundings in asso- ciation with Pterochaenia cashaquae, Ontario accincta, Probeloceras lutheri, etc. and has evidently strayed far. teprovesma Hall. 1883 Leptodesma sp. cf. rogersi Hall Specimens of this genus have been occasionally found in the darker shales of the lower part of the Naples beds, and these have somewhat the expression of L. rogersi of the Ithaca fauna. The material however is not sufficient to justify more precise determination. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Parrish gully, Naples. posiponta Bronn. 1828 There is a-small group of diminutive, thin shelled Devonic and even Siluric shells clearly showing aviculoid characters in the development of the byssal groove and auricle, which are still allowed to pass current under the name Posidonia. The term is, in view of its original application to a Culm species of subcircular form, undeveloped ear and wing and consider- able size, probably inexact in this connection, but it is convenient for con- tinued provisional employment till the distinctive features of the shells have been more fully analyzed. In European faunas such shells have long been noticed in Precarbonic rocks: P. glabra (Miinst.) Barr., Etage E, P. hians Waldschmidt of the Middle and Lower Devonic, P. venusta Minster, Upper Devonic. Frech has redescribed and illus- trated these species with a number of others* employing the term as a con- venience and incidentally suggesting the uselessness of replacing the name Posidonia for the substitutes proposed for it on account of prior occupancy. tDie devonischen Aviculiden Deutschlands. 1891. p. 68 et seq., pl. 14. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 265 Of the three shells mentioned, it is quite clear that one (P. hians, originally described as Avicula hians’*) has as little relation to the other species as they all have to the type, Posidonia becheri. P. hians, an upper Middle and lower Upper Devonic shell, is of the size of Pterochaenia, with the outline, thin shell, smooth concentric surface of that genus, and also has elongated byssal flanges which are relatively broad at the top, convex and gaping. The posterior cardinal end is rounded. Williams has described as Pterinopecten? atticus from the Naples shales of Wyoming county a species which suggests Posidonia hians and hence the genus Pterochaenia in many of its features, but its sculpture is of so unusual character that it seems judicious to apply to it the same noncommittal generic designation that has been used for somewhat similar fossils, for it is evident that the shell does not appertain to Pterinopecten. Posidonia attica Williams (sp.) Plate 12, fig. 10-15 Pterinopecten? atticus Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 10, 11 Shells small, equivalve, very thin, subquadrate in outline when undis- torted. Beaks minute, prosogyre, anterior, separated from the byssal flange or auricle by a groove which is sometimes well defined and sometimes obscure. Margin of flange convex on cardinal line, incurved and arched on anterior margin, fusing with the body of the shell above the basal margin, which is transverse. Posteriorly the margin is rather abruptly rounded to the cardinal line, at which the angle may be more or less sharp. Beak acute, umbo convex, long and oblique; slopes in front and behind moder- ately abrupt. The surface of the beaks is smooth, but, soon after secondary growth begins a series of fine ribs develops over the median portion of the valve and increases in size and number to the basal margin. These ribs do not extend over either the anterior or posterior parts of the valve, which are quite smooth, but are restricted to the median portions. They are Waldschmidt. Zeitschr. der deutsch. geolog. Gesellsch. 1885. p. 924, pl. 40, fig. 4. 266 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM for the most part simple but of very unequal size, and are separated by sharp grooves. Low concentric ridges cross the surface without modifying these radii. This style of ornament is most unusual in all aviculoid shells, and we do not find its parallel elsewhere. This species is therefore readily distinguished, however much it may have been subjected to disfigurement. Dimensions. Average examples measure 4.4 and 6mm in hight; 3.8 and 6 mm in length. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. We have found this shell only at two localities east of the Genesee river;. Pogues hill, Dansville, where it occurs in some abundance, and near Union Corners, Livingston co. Chautauqua subprovince: Williams’s specimens were obtained from the shales about Attica, Genesee co. It also occurs at Fox's point, Lake Erie, and Big Sister creek, Angola. Note. While discussing shells of this character, attention may be directed to a species occurring occasionally in the bituminous Marcellus shales, which is so closely similar to Pteroch. fragilis that it is readily and has been confounded with it. This resemblance is remarkable; the shells are of about the same dimensions and shape, both have tenuous, glabrous shells, essentially the same contour and rounded postcardinal margin. The difference between them lies in the development in Ptero- chaenia of a deep byssal furrow, broad extended byssal flanges with a wide hiatus between them. In the Marcellus species, which, for sake of a name, we may designate as Posidonia marcellensis, the byssal flange maintains its aviculoid character as a long auricle of the dimension of the Pterochaenia flange, delimited by a very low depression from the body of the shell. It would be very difficult to find specific features, so far as they can be ascertained by comparison with the figures and descriptions given by Frech,’ in which this shell differs from Posidonia hians Waldschmidt, Mig pesidonia unless perhaps in the latter the auricle is more sharply vivex;, defined. Such shells serve to indicate the relationship of Pterochaenia to the aviculoids. Posidonia marcel- lensis occurs in the lower black shale beds at Marcellus, Onondaga co. “Op. cit. p. 72, pl. 14, fig. 13. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 267 . Posidonia mesacostalis Williams (sp.) Plate ra, fig. 7-9 Ptychopteria? mesacostalis Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 9 and (?) war. fig. 12 . To bring this shell into comparison with species which have been termed Posidonia, I have employed this name in preference to Ptychopteria. Like the preceding species, it may have little in common with typical Posidonia, perhaps as little with Ptychopteria, while one could find a justifi- cation for assigning a shell with the peculiar expression of this to the genus Leptodesma. The species, however, was another of the tenuous and glabrous shells with little calcareous content in its constitution, and herein differs from the Leptodesmas so abundant in the higher Devonic. Of 20 specimens of this shell before us, but few are right valves. The original figures were of left valves only. Equivalve very oblique, linguate. Hinge line short and straight, cardinal angles not extended. Beak at or behind the anterior third of the hinge, anterior cardinal angle 90°, anterior margin vertical for a short distance, thence bending abruptly backward with a broad inward curve, basal margin subelliptic and almost wholly beyond the vertical dropped from the posterior angle of the hinge line. Posterior margin subparallel to the anterior, posterior cardinal angle obtuse. Beak projecting beyond the hinge line. Umbo moderately convex, the convexity extending obliquely backward. Surface marked by strong concentric festoons or undulations, which are most widely separated along the median convexity of the shell. In most of the best preserved specimens this is the chief character of the surface, but some specimens show a fine radial marking of filiform, elevated striae, which seem in part to pertain to the inner shell layer. These lines are equally distributed over the surface and are not to be compared with the median plications on P.attica. Both valves of the shell have the same form and surface characters. ; --Dimenstons—of a—targe— individual :-length of hinge--6. mm; _ total oblique length 11 mm, hight 9 mm. 268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales at Varysburg (west side ravine) and common at Johnson’s falls near Strykersville, Wyoming co., Correll’s point, Lake Erie, and at the Hidi tannery, Gowanda. : “Observations. The oblique, Leptodesmalike form of this peculiar species suggests the elongate variety of Posidonia venusta Minster which Frech has termed eifeliensis* from the uppermost Devonic near Biidesheim. Both are essentially smooth shells, highly oblique with short hinge and sharp cardinal angles. Frech mentions a very fine radial lineation in his shells. Posidonia venusta Miinster, var. nitidula sp. nov. Plate 12, fig. 16-19 cf. Posidonomya? venust2 Minster, Beitr. zur. Petrefakten-Kunde. 1840, 3:51, pl. 10, fig. 12 Shells small, equivalve. Ligament line straight, length four fifths the greatest length of the valve. Beak at anterior third of cardinal line; car- dinal extremities subangular, not extended. Outline of periphery obliquely ovate, expanded behind, contracting toward the hinge angles both front and back. Surface convex; at the umbones the convexity extends obliquely backward to the posterior extremity. In front of this convexity is a low oblique depression, which gives a sinuous character to both surface and basal margin. Posterior slope from umbonal ridge broadly depressed. The ornament consists of a few broad concentric corrugations with no radial lines visible. Dimensions. An average specimen has a hight and a length of 9 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. (Hidi tannery), and Correll’s point, Lake Erie. Observations. This quite well defined little shell is in general expres- sions so like the Posidonia venusta Miinster which is distributed through the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonic of Germany that I believe Op. cit. p. 76, pl. 14, fig. 14. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 269 it should be regarded a varietal form of that species, specially distinguished by its corrugated surface. One of the specimens figured on plate 12 shows in the character of its sculpture still closer approach to P. venusta. For comparison with the characters of the latter species reference is made to the figures given by Miinster and Frech.* Kocuta Frech. 1891 The shells of Kochia* have the aspect of capulid gastropods, the left valve being strongly convex, with arched and incurved beak twisted back- ward, while the right valve is flat, depressed or concave, when the valves are found conjoined appearing like an operculum to the larger valve. The wings are small and suppressed ; the ligament area clearly striated, elevated, short and concave; teeth are wholly wanting; and the whole expression of the shell is very unlike that of other Aviculidae, though from these shells the genus may be regarded as derived. They were early noticed in the rhenish Devonic and were referred to the Capulidae (Naticopsis) by Roemer, but their proper place was recognized by Gosselet, Kayser and others, the late C. Koch introducing for them the generic term Roemeria (a preoccupied name) and Sandberger proposing to call them Onychia, reject- ing the name Roemeria because of its employment among the fossil plants. The leading species of this genus, Kochia capuliformis Koch, is widespread in the lowest horizons of the Lower Devonic (Taunus quartzite and Siegen greywack). We have found a single well characterized species of this genus in the Portage fauna, less extreme than K. capuliformis in the elevation and incurvature of the larger valve and thus far showing no evidence of the cardinal area. In some respects these bodies suggest the cardioid species with large larval shells referred to by Barrande under the name Slava (Etage E) and which Frech and Beushausen term Tiaraconcha (T. scalariformis Beush. Martenberg, Oberscheld; T. rugosa Kayser, Op. cit. pl. 14, fig. 15, A, B. 2Frech. Die devonischen Aviculiden Deutschlands. 1891. p. 72. 270 : NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Enkeberg). These toque-shaped shells are however subequivalve, and, while they are arched and mitriform and concentrically rugose like the New York species, the latter is thus far chiefly represented in our collec- tions by specimens of the left or arched valve only. Such right valves as may be looked on as appertaining to these are depressed convex or flat. Kochia ungula sp. nov. Plate r3, fig. 1-7 These shells are valves with highly overarched umbo, narrow, produced and incurved beak and relatively short body with wing and ear suppressed. Shells of this character but of widely different size occur in the shales of the Chautauqua subprovince. They may be more precisely described as follows. Marginal outline subcircular or subrhomboidal. Anterior margin inflected beneath the beak, making a rounded angle of less than go° with the basal margin; the latter transverse. Postbasal angle 90° Posterior margin direct, postcardinal oblique and moderately long. Contour capuli- form; umbo produced beyond the hinge line, strongly arched downward and beak incurved and recurved. Over the main body of the. valve the umbo is delimited by abrupt lateral slopes on both sides. The posterior slope is broader and gently concave, the anterior is directed inward from edge of the umbonal slope. Surface over the umbonal region and all the early parts of the shell with broad obscure concentric wrinkles. ‘The mark- ings become finer about the margin where these wrinkles are obsolescent. Of 10 specimens of this species observed, the majority are of small size, and nearly all are left valves. The specimens regarded as right valves of this species are somewhat obliquely subrhomboidal in outline with beak in front of the middle. The umbonal region is gently convex, and the surface over the pallial region, in front, behind and below is broadly depressed and gently concave about the basal margin. Length and width nearly equal. Surface covered with concentric striae, which may take on the form of low plications. Observations. Kochia capuliformis Koch is the only other NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 271). species now referred to this genus. This is an early Devonic shell, and the generic type is a belated comer in the New York sea. FHlabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Correll’s ‘point, Lake Erie shore near Brocton and at Smith’s Mills, Chautauqua co. xoxoprerta Frech. 1891 In Loxopteria, proposed as a subordinate division of the genus Kochia,* there is a marked difference from K.capuliformis and K.ungula in the expression of the exterior, the larger valve being less conspicuously elevated and arched and abruptly deflected on the posterior slope, with the wing on this side clearly defined and standing almost at right angles to the shell body. The smaller or right valve is depressed convex, operculum or oyster-shaped, with a broad median depression extending radially back- ward from the beak, leaving a low and broad radial elevation in front and where elevated, explanate expansions behind. The posterior moiety of the valve is bent upward toward the hinge line and thus forms a posterior wing of notable size. Three species of this peculiar shell are known in the German Devonic, all from high horizons in the formation. Loxopteria dispar Frech (Avicula dispar Sandberger) occurs freely in the higher Upper Devonic and the Clymenienkalk.*» The two other species, L.laevis and L. rugosa, have been described by Frech (of. cz¢.) the former from the Clymenienkalk of Wildungen and the latter from the Upper Devonic of Beilstein. It is thus of noteworthy interest that the New York Intumescens fauna furnishes species evidently identical with some of these German shells and these too in considerable abundance in the Chautauqua subprovince. The evidence of the close relation of these shells to the Aviculidae, as inferred by Frech and the other German authors, is not altogether clear to us, except it be stated in this broad fashion: Kochia tFrech. Op. cit. p. 76. 2See Sandberger. Versteinerungen des rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. 1852. pl. 29, fig. 14; Frech. of. cit, 1891. p. 77; pl. 6, fig. 4-4h; Drevermann. Die Fauna der Oberdevonischen Tuffbreccie von Langenaubach bei Haiger. igor. p. 146, pl. 16, fig. 1. . 272 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM (certainly an extreme development of the series of forms) has a broad sub- cardinal area, which Frech compares with the ligamental surface in Limoptera. There is further an aviculoid aspect apparent in the smaller valve, and also, by bringing into comparison with this bizarre shell certain Triassic genera of similar aspect, Hoernesia and Cassianella, the modified Avicula form is emphasized. It loses itself in Loxopteria by the disap- pearance of all trace of ligament area and wing (except on the right valve), and yet a certain resemblance to Kochia in form and the relations of the valves is evident. The extreme in this suppression of characters is attained in the forms we have referred subgenerically to Sluzka, and yet their immediate affiliation with typical expressions of Loxopteria is clear. Loxopteria dispar Sandberger (sp.) Plate 13, fig. 8-17 Avicula dispar Sandberger, Versteinerungen des rhein. Schichtensyst. in ° Nassau, p. 284, pl. 29, fig. 14 Avicula dispar Kayser, Studien aus dem Geb. d. rhein. Devon, 4; Zeitschr. der deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1893. p. 636 Kochia (Loxopteria) dispar Frech, Devon. Aviculiden Deutschlands ; Abhandl. z. geolog. Specialkarte Preuss. u. d. Thiir. St. 1891. v. 9, Heft 3, Pp. 77, pl. 6, fig. 4-gh. © Shell subtriangular in general outline. Valves highly unequal in form and contour. Left valve subtrihedral, umbo convex, beak incurved and anterior. Posterior outline abruptly sloping to the ventral margin. Anterior margin incurved beneath the beak, expanding somewhat to the broad anteroventral curvature. Ventral margin transverse or curving with a broad inward undulation to the posterior ridge. Slope of the surface from the posterior or umbonal ridge sharply incurved to the periphery with no trace of wing. Anterior slope broad and faintly depressed beyond the body of the shell. Surface with a few broad radial ribs or undulations of variable number and size. These are all usually sharply defined at the umbo, are three or four in number and broaden out over the body, becoming obscure or obsolete about the margin. There is much variation in the NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 273 development of these ribs in different individuals; in some they are obscure except at the beak, in others clearly defined over the entire surface. The posterior rib is much broader than the rest and takes in the umbonal ridge. Besides these surface. characters there are the following: very fine radial lines of subequal size cover the entire surface, and these are crossed by equally fine concentric lines. The latter make a broad upward turn along the postventral edge where passing over the umbonal ridge. On the cardinal margin there is a short subtriangular area directly beneath the beak, which is not clearly set off from a semicircular emargination (lunule ?) in front. This emargination extends halfway from the beak to anterior extremity, and beyond its outer end the hinge line is straight. No ear is present. Posteriorly the subcardinal area passes into a broader concave depression, which is crossed by two oblique ridges, the surface between being depressed. No evidence is present of ligamental pit or striation, and there is no posterior wing. No specimens of this species retain the valves in conjunction; but, from analogy. with the German specimens, we feel secure in referring to it detached right valves having the following characters. Subelliptic, depressed, gently convex over the anterior portion, depressed postmedially, narrowly and often acutely elevated posteriorly. Beak one third the width of the shell from the anterior margin ; umbo projecting beyond the cardinal line, but depressed. The postmedian depression or sinus is oblique, usually very broad, sometimes more sharply impressed, setting off the posterior expansion with the aspect of a wing. The latter, on account of its marginal elevation, must have bounded a wide posterior siphonal open- ing, which had a more extensive cover on this than on the left valve. No trace of hinge structures. Surface with obscure traces of broad radial ribs on the convex body and finer radial lines specially marked on the posterior parts. Fine concentric lines are also present. The shell substance of the species is very thin, and none of the specimens bear indication of musculature. Observations. This species is perhaps the commonest of the represen- 274 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tatives of the genus, but its aviculoid characters are not altogether clear. There is a certain pterineoid aspect in the right valve due to the develop- ment of a posterior flange, but this seems to us hardly homologous with the wing of the Aviculidae, as it is a broad flaring arched surface bounding a wide open posterior aperture, extending from beak to margin. Here, how- ever, analogy is imperfect, as it is evident that there was no corresponding surface on the left valve. This condition seems to be displayed by some of the figures given by Frech of pyrite casts of conjoined valves from Nehden." Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft arenaceous shales at Forestville, Chautauqua co., and Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. Inthe German Devonic the species is restricted to the higher marine Upper Devonic at Oberscheld, in the Clymenia limestone of the Enkeberg and in the shales with Goniatites curvispina at Nehden. Loxopteria laevis Frech Plate 14, fig. 1-7 Kochia (Loxopteria) laevis Frech, Die Devonischen Aviculiden Deutsch- lands; Abhandl. z. geolog. Specialkarte Preuss. u.d. Thiir. St. 1891. v. 9, Heft 3, p. 76, pl. 6, fig. 3-3e Shell subtriangular, general surface depressed. Left valve with much the same outline as L. dispar, less convex in the umbonal region. Poste- rior margin or umbonal ridge with gentle outward curve specially in the umbonal region. Anterior margin at first incurved beneath the beak then bending outward and rounding to the base, which is transverse, with a broad sinuous upward bend toward the first lateral angle. The right valve differs from that of L. dispar in the notable depression of the beak and umbo. The larval shell itself is concave, and the umbonal area all about it is’ depressed and curved downward toward the hinge, and this depressed area extends obliquely backward, covering the greater portion of the valve. It is bounded in front by a low convex area with an abrupt marginal slope, incurved toward the beak, and behind it curves upward to a pretty * Op. cit. pl. 6, fig. 4, 4a. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 275 sharp elevated ridge running from umbo to margin, narrow on top and bending over to form a very narrow wing. Surface of both valves covered with fine concentric striae ; no radial markings visible. Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Not uncom- mon in the soft sandy shales at Forestville, Chautauqua co., and Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. Observations. This shell expresses the generic characters with some variation from the genotype L. dispar, seen specially in the contour of the right valve. These differences, however, are not great. In referring these shells to the German species, I am expressing what seems to be their closest affiliation. Frech’s description is very brief, but a study of his figures fails to disclose any real difference from the New York shells, unless in the contour of the smaller valve there be a distinction which is here insufficiently emphasized. If our species eventually proves dis- similar from L. laevis, the difference will doubtless be recognized in time with a new denomination, but in the meantime the present designation serves most truly to indicate its real affinities. Loxopteria laevis has been found in the German Devonic only in the Clymenienkalk of Wildungen. Loxopteria vasta sp. nov. Plate 13, fig. 18 Associated with L. laevis is a large right valve, the largest of all specimens observed, which differs from the valves referred to the other species of the genus here present in the following particulars. The broad expanded surface is very deeply depressed at the umbo, and the beak is bent strongly downward at the hinge. This depression widens outward, leaving in front a low, flat anterior division with a very narrow abrupt slope on the margin. Back of this broad depression the surface is elevated to a narrow ridgelike wing similar in character to that of L. laevis, but not so abruptly raised. The postlateral surface is thus broadly concave. The surface markings consist of a series of concentric wrinkles which become finer and crowded toward the margin. This valve evidently indicates a 276 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM species with which we are not otherwise acquainted. It measures in length 28 mm and in hight 23 mm. ffabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Forestville. Loxopteria (Sluzka) intumescentis sp. nov. Plate 14, fig. 8-17 Shells subcircular or irregularly subrhomboidal in outline, broader over the body, sometimes the greater diameter transverse, sometimes vertical. The prodissoconch is very prominent with the apex directed strongly for- ward. Its position is subcentral, but, on account of the varying outline of the shells, lies now in front and now behind the middle. A vertical line dropped from beak to base divides the shell into unequal parts, of which the larger is the anterior. Behind the beak the margin is straight for a very short distance (hinge), then bends more or less abruptly downward to a broadly rounded ventrolateral curve. The base may be transverse or curved and the anterior margin is a shorter curve than the posterior. The anterior moiety of the shell is more extended and narrower than the pos- terior. Surface pretty evenly convex with a narrow abrupt slope on the postcardinal margin. Surface markings irregular concentric growth lines and wrinkles. Fflabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. From Wal- nut creek at Forestville and Correll’s point, Lake Erie. Observations. This description is derived from shells which seem to be all left valves. There is no wide departure in their general aspect from that of Loxopteria dispar and L. laevis, but, in the absence of the triangular form, broader posterior expansion, narrow anterior moiety and almost direct anterior margin, are found differentials which seem to justify a separation of the species in a subgeneric way from Loxopteria. The same differences are present in L. corrugata, which belongs in this association rather than with the typical representatives of that genus. We have therefore proposed to designate these two species by the subgeneric term above used. Such shells as these are to be found among the various species referred NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 277 by Barrande to his genus Sluzka. Some of these shells, e. g. S. arachné,: show traces on the internal cast of the hinge line which suggest that they were taxodonts, Barrande, however, regarded the hinge as devoid of teeth. It is however observable that the majority of these shells, repre- sentative of which we may cite S. amy gdalina [pl. 358] from Etage G, are of very primitive aspect and subcircular outline, with concentrically striated or irregularly rugose surface, having prominent larval shells pro- jecting at the apexes and also likewise devoid of evidence of hinge modifica- tions. Similar characters, too, are seen in some of the species referred by Barrande to his genus Vevoda, as for example V. expectans [Barr. , pl. 13], in which the large size of the prodissoconch is specially notable. Some of the more regular suborbicular shells of this kind suggest the genus Paracyclas Hall; and Neumayr has put under the latter both Vevoda and the Paracyclas and Isocardia of Barrande. It is however clearly evident that the shells we have now to consider are not species of Paracyclas, for the normal forms of that genus from the Hamilton fauna have a very distinct aspect in the character of the surface markings, the regularity of outline and absence of the general primitive expression of these later shells. To employ Barrande’s term Sluzka for certain lamellibranchs in the Intumescens zone is not necessarily to admit the integrity of that genus nor to concede the reappearance in the upper Devonic of the Siluric types to which the name was first applied. The employment of the term obviates the erection of a new name ; and, in the absence of definite hinge structure or, rather, with present evidence of the extreme simplicity of the hinge, we find in these Devonic shells an approximation to the structure represented by the majority of Barrande’s species of the genus. Loxopteria (Sluzka) corrugata sp. nov. Plate 14, fig. 18-26 Shells of medium or small size, subcircular to subquadrate, general aspect of left valve suggestive of Paracyclas. Beaks nearly median, t Barrande. Syst. Sil. 6, pl. 265-1, fig. 8, 9. 278 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM slightly anterior. On the left valve the prodissoconch is generally con- spicuous in adult stages. Hinge line short, straight, extending backward for a little distance, then deflected downward, the posterior margin having a slight outward curve. At the posteroventral angle it is more or less abruptly deflected to the transverse basal margin, which at the anteroven- tral angle is bent upward in a more or less abrupt curve, which gradually recurves to the beak. The subangular umbonal ridge is well marked-on the posterior moiety of the valve, reaching the margin at the posteroventral angle, and along this ridge all the folds of the surface are quite abruptly bent. The posterior slope is moderately broad and clearly defined. Sur- face gently and pretty regularly convex; marked by very coarse concentric corrugations, generally five to six in number, separated by narrow grooves. The right valve is very seldom seen; that referred to the species is obliquely subovate, with subanterior beaks; basal margin rising rather abruptly to the anterior extremity, while the posterior margin is broad and a regular curve. The vertical diameter of the valve across the posterior portion is nearly twice that through the umbo. From the beak obliquely backward extends a depression increasing in width downward, which divides the surface into a narrow anterior and broad posterior convexity. The latter is again depressed and flattened toward the hinge line. Sur- face with concentric wrinkles, which may be covered by finer concentric lines. Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Walnut creek at Forestville and Correll’s point on the Lake Erie shore near Brocton. Observations. Loxopteria corrugata is a species closely similar to Kochia (L.) rugosa Frech, which has been described from a single left valve from the Upper Devonic at Beilstein near Oberscheld.' This attains a larger size than we have observed in the New York speci- mens, and we note that there is an apparent difference in the development of the umbonal ridge. L. rugosa is represented as having an elevated, somewhat incurved postumbonal slope, free of corrugations, but in the Op. cit. p. 78, pl. 6, fig. 5, 5a. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 279 description it is stated that this part of the shell is broken. As there is a striking agreement in other points of structure, we may assume that the species are fully congeneric. These shells however, while carrying the general expression of Loxopteria, show some palpable differences from the typical members of the genus, L. dispar and L.laevis. The subtri- angular aspect of the shell is lost by the development of the postumbonal slope on the left valve, carrying corrugations and showing no trace of wing, and in the right valve the broad oblique depression is anterior, while the posterior moiety of the valve is broadly convex instead of being abruptly elevated into a winglike expansion. With more data these differentials may become entitled to distinctive value. ONTARIA gen. nov. (Cardiola auct. aliq.) Cardiola was proposed by Broderip in 1839: for shells typified by the species C. interrupta Sow., an Upper Siluric shell having a subcircular marginal outline, convex umbones with beaks projecting beyond the short and straight hinge line; cardinal (ligamental) areas triangular and rising to the hight of the beaks, so that they are broadest in the interval between the beaks; this area is striated horizontally. The hinge line, so far as known, is a straight edge without modification or denticulation. The strong umbones are directed forward and give a general obliquity to the convex contour of the shell. The surface is covered with strong radial ribs, which are crossed, cancelated or knotted by concentric lines grooving the surfaces of the radii without materially affecting the deep intervals. These concentric markings usually develop into or express themselves as corru- gations or undulations, specially strong over the umbonal region of the valves. The shell is calcareous and relatively thick. These shells are of striking and peculiar external habit, and we under- stand their variations in expression pretty thoroughly. Barrande has given nearly 200 illustrations of Bohemian specimens of C. interruptaaloneand ™Murchison’s Silurian System, 2: 617. 280 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM has supplemented these by a profusion of figures of other Siluric shells hav- ing similar character. It has been usage to refer the Upper Devonic shells of like aspect to this Siluric genus. Chenu ‘and Zittel,? citeC. cornucopiae Goldfs., a German Clymeniakalk species, as typical of the genus and use this for purposes of illustration. Various authors have incidentally referred such Devonic shells as we have here to consider to the genus Cardiola, but no one has studied them as carefully as Beushausen, who, cautiously and with reserve, also employs this term as the present most convenient: recepta- cle for them. This procedure can not long be justified. Granting the general similarity in aspect of these shells with Cardiola interrupta, we find structural differences in the early and later forms which seem to us reliable, and these we should supplement by the following general consid- erations: (1) an a priori consideration, that these late Devonic shells, connected with the Siluric Cardiolas by very few representatives, are improbably of the same generic character; (2) the evidence that the influences (whether external or internal) which have effected the paleo- conch condition in so many of these lamellibranch genera, expressed in tenuity of shell, loss of special articular development and shown in all the genera which are properly distinctive of this fauna, have similarly affected this group of Cardiolas, and endowed them with an expression which entitles them to distinction; (3) the unavoidable conclusion that these shells are opisthogyre in the same sense as are Lunulicardium, Honeoyea and Paraptyx, while there is at present no ground for assum- ing that the typical Siluric Cardiola is of this character. In respect to structure we observe (1) the extreme tenuity of the Devonic shells, (2) the general prevalence of an extremely fine, delicate, radial striation contradistinguished from the coarse ribbing of C. inter- rupta and its Siluric allies, (3) a diminution to or almost to extinction of the cardinal or ligamental area beneath the beak, (4) the presence of radial "Manuel de conchyliologie. 2Grundziige d. Paleontologie, etc. 3 This species was regarded by Sowerby as synonymous with C.interrupta. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 281 plications in front of or behind the beak or in both positions, with interlock- ing extremities crenulating the margin. These appear to be absent in C. interrupta. Aside from these special considerations, “Cardiola” as com- monly employed has no precise value, and we shall do well to separate from the heterogeneous objects therewith included, this compact group of upper Devonic shells. Barrande figured some shells of great size under the name Pantata |= Pater; v. 6, pl. 189, 309, 329, 331], which, in respect to the character of the cardinal area and attitude of beak as well as character of surface, are in more close agreement with these shells than the latter with Cardiola. Under the description of Paraptyx we noted that the only. represen- tative of the genus, P. ontario, is so closely similar in external characters to Cardiola (Ontaria) clarkei Beushausen that specimens of the two are barely distinguishable if the cardinal line be imperfectly preserved ; both species alike possess the fine, flattened, numerous and frequently split radii, and the former often assumes a subcircular outline as in the latter, though normally it is somewhat elongate vertically.2. This resemblance is specially well shown in the specimen of Paraptyx represented on plate 7, figure 9. We have shown from the evidence derived from Honeoyea that the crescent of Paraptyx is posterior and hence the beaks opisthogyre. The suppression of this crescent with its functions would virtually change Paraptyx ontario to Ontaria clarkei. In the latter there is absolutely no trace of this structure, fine replacements showing only a narrow cardinal area, but there is no escape from present evidence that, if the beaks are posterior in Paraptyx, they are likewise posterior in Onta- *The name Pantata is probably of doubtful validity. It has not been even briefly defined, and some writers have included it under Panenka (= Puella), Frech has shown that the word is not such as could be appropriately employed for a generic designation, being a current Czechic word for father. This similarity of aspect in distinct organisms is paralleled by the goniatites Probeloceras lutheri and Beloceras iynx which can not be distinguished except on exposure of the sutures, 282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM. ria, even though the greater part of the ligament area lies in the opposite direction." We propose to distinguish this group of Cardiolas of the Upper Devonic by the term Ontaria (Ungulina suborbicularis Hall, type). Ontaria suborbicularis Hall (sp.) Plate 8, fig. 1-20 Ungulina suborbicularis and Lucina? retusa Hall, Geology of New York ; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 243, fig. 106, 2, and p. 246, fig. 107, 4 Cardiomorpha suborbicularis Hall, Paleontology of New York. v. 5, pt 1, plates and explanations. 1883. pl. 63, fig. 9, 10 Edmondia?tenuistriata Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v.5,pt 1 pl. 63, fig. 9, 10 Cardiomorpha suborbicularis Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. - 51 cf. aon wyomingensis and Lucina varysburgia Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 13, 14 The variable aspect of this abundant and characteristic fossil has been largely though not wholly responsible for its unfortunate entanglement in literature. The original woodcut given in 1843 was a very fair and quite recognizable representation of a certain expression of the species, which may properly be regarded as typical, if not also normal; that is a subcir- cular shell with central beak, concentrically and sharply lined surface, and entire freedom from radial striae or plications. The brief description which accompanied it mentioned these features and the occurrence of the shell on Cashaqua creek and the shore of Lake Erie. Just such shells do occur very commonly throughout the lower beds of the formation from Lake Erie to Seneca lake. No subsequent account has been given of this original type of shell in any of the volumes of the Paleontology of New York except in the preliminary publication of the plates of volume 5 of that work, on * Noetling’s observations on the morphology of the lamellibranchs, already referred to, indicate the necessity of readjustment of current views as to the stability of the position of the beak with reference to the animal, and with change of beak the line of greatest shell growth also changes. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 283 the Devonic lamellibranchiates, where a figure of a single imperfect specimen was ascribed to this species, then termed Cardiomorpha suborbicularis; in the final appearance of these plates accompanied by descriptive text this name was altogether abandoned, and the fossil was redescribed under the new designation Edmondia? tenuistriata, and its geologic locality cited as the “shales of the Chemung group near Elmira, N. Y.” The following remarks were also made in justification of this change: ‘This species has been compared with and supposed to be identical with Ungulina suborbicularis, but it is entirely distinct from that form, and from a different horizon.” The specimen is, on the contrary, an excellent representative of Ung. suborbicularis, differing from the original type, so far as one may judge from the figure, in the presence of fine, filiform, radial striae, but this, as we shall presently observe, can not be relied on as a specific character. Moreover, the specimen, a piece of dark gray sandy shale, is from the high layers carrying the survivors of the Portage fauna after the introduc- tion of a distinct fauna from the. east. It is the existence in varying degree of this fine radial lineation of the surface that has obscured the identity of the species and seems to have given birth to the name above mentioned, Edmondia? tenuistriata, and also to the terms Lucina wyomingensis and L. varysburgia. This radial striation may manifest itself only as a few faint lines on each cardinal slope close to the hinge line; it may extend over the entire cardinal slopes; and, finally, and most often, may cover the entire surface ‘ with extremely minute lines of equal size. Thus between a smooth shell marked with sharp concentric lines but with no trace whatever of radial striae to shells in which the entire surface is covered with fine radii, we find within this species every passage stage. The striae along the hinge line on both sides of the beak are not stouter than those elsewhere, but they slightly crenulate the margin of the shell on the posterior side of the beak, as the others do not. 284 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The greater number of these lineate specimens are sculpture casts and do not of themselves clearly demonstrate: the external character of this radiation, but on some specimens from the limestone the shell is retained and indicate that the striation is strictly exterior and ornamental. Description. Shell of considerable size, typically suborbicular, with central beak which is incurved and minute and oblique. The apical part of the beak is sometimes set off by a low transverse thickening which thus brings the embryonal shell into prominence. Hinge line short and straight; cardinal area narrow, elongate, trian- gular, not elevated. Surface quite evenly convex from the umbo outward; often abruptly folded downward at the periphery. The ornamentation normally consists of sharp, imbricating concentric striae which may form successive festoons or undulations far apart, covered by lines close together, or the lines may be all distant or all approximate. These more distant lines are sometimes limited to the body of the valve, while about the margins they are crowded, or again they are to be found only about the margin. Sometimes internal casts show a concentric undulation which manifests itself on the surface only in a fasciculation of the striae. There may be no radial striae whatever on the shell, but in the major- ity of instances some evidence of them is to be seen. Sometimes, though seldom, there appear three or more very fine lines on each side of the beak close to the cardinal area. The lines may also cover the anterior and pos- terior slopes of the shell, or extend over the entire surface, cancelating the finer concentric lines and minutely crenulating the margin. All these lines are exceedingly fine, but become more prominent in the old shells near the | margin. These shells are subject to variations in some other respects. The contour of the surface is not uncommonly modified by the abrupt concentric deflection of the peripheral region, and, if this has occurred more than once in the life of the shell, a very uneven surface may result. Again, while shells which agree with the original in having a central beak are sufficiently NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 285 common, the majority of specimens present a somewhat oblique condition. The degree of this obliquity varies from the normal to the situation of the beak at the posterior one third of the shell’s length. It was such an oblique shell that was figured by Hall in 1843 (of. ct.) as Lucina? retusa. This obliquity is apparently not accidental or due to distortion from compression ; occasional specimens show the young shell, outlined by a deep growth furrow, to be orbicular; the obliquity of the shell which com- mences soon thereafter is a result of natural growth. | Had we but a few specimens of this species under study, there might seem some justification for regarding these oblique shells. as a persistent variety; but, among the several hundred shells before us, it is evident that the passagé from the erect to the oblique form is quite as gradual as from the nonstriate to the striate shells. Only this extensive material has served to demonstrate the protean character of this species, to which in all its various expressions we can apply but one term. In some of its aspects the species very closely approaches the well known Cardiola concentrica von Buch, a widespread Intumescens zone organism throughout European outcrops. Guided by Beushausen’s excellent figures and full description of this shell, we observe that in none of the examples of O. suborbicularis are the cardinal plications so strongly developed, nor is it often that the surface of this shell is so strongly and regularly corrugated as that. Von Buch regarded his species as bearing radial striae, but Beushausen states he could find only the barest traces of such lines, and suggests that they belong to the inner shell layers. Though we find among the Portage shells those that we regard as typical examples of C.concentrica, yet these appear not to have entered the Naples subprovince. We may safely infer that, with its wide range of variation, O. suborbicularis is, thus, a species comprehending a local expression of C. concentrica, Beushausen expresses the opinion that Halls Edmondia? tenuistriata is C. concentrica, and, 286 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM while it is unquestionably O.suborbicularis, this opinion indicates the approximation of these species. Ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Ontaria sub- orbicularis is a very common shell in the lower soft shales of the Naples beds in Yates, Ontario, Livingston, Genesee and Erie counties and also occurs in the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake. With Phragmostoma natator, Manticoceras intumes- cens and Buchiola retrostriata it rises high in the strata in the region about Elmira surviving after the introduction of the brachiopod fauna. It is doubtful if any of the shells found in the Chautauqua subprovince can be safely referred to this species. Such forms are not frequent in any event and when well preserved seem to represent other species, e. g. O.concentrica, O.pontiaca. Ontaria concentrica von Buch (sp.) Plate 8, fig. 26 Orbicula concentrica v. Buch, Ueber Goniatiten. 1832. p. 50 Cardium pectunculoides d’Archiac & de Verneuil, Geol. Soc. Trans. ser. 2. v.6, pt 2. 1842. p. 375, pl. 36, fig. 12 Cardiola concentrica -Keyserling, Beob. tib eine Reise in das Petschoraland. 1846. p. 253 Cardium pectunculoides A. Roemer, Verst. des Harzgeb. Beitr. 1. 1850. p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 10 : : Cardiola concentrica Sandberger, Verstein. d. rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. 1850-56. p. 272, pl. 29, fig. 1 Cardiola? concentrica Tschernyschew, Fauna d. mittl. u. ober. Devon am Westabhange des Urals. 1887. p. 18, pl. 6, fig. 15 Cardiola concentrica Beushausen, Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. P- 355, Pl. 37, fig. 16-20. ff. Lucina wyomingensis Williams, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 41. 1887. P- 44, pl. 3, fig. 13 I refer with a little hesitation to this old species the single valve here figured, which presents an expression not attained by O. suborbicularis in the three or four strongly marked plications behind the beak and finer NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 287 ones in front. These are of precisely the same character as the posterior plications in Lunulicardium and may also be compared to those of Euthy- desma. Beushausen has shown that the German forms of the species do not always carry concentric undulations, but it is evident from our specimen that the sharply defined and distinct concentric lines of the body of the shell rise on low rounded surfaces, while about the periphery the lines are more closely crowded and less elevated. Though this is the only specimen observed which in our judgment can be referred to O. concentrica, it seems to us probable that the shell termed by Williams Lucina wyomingensis (of. cz.) is of the same nature, the figures indicating the umbonal radii. This species does not enter the Naples subprovince, and likewise, as we have before observed, the O. suborbicularis occurs rarely in the Chautauqua subprovince. Dimensions. The specimen before us is a left valve measuring in hight and length 20 mm. Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Correll’s point, near Brocton, Chautauquaco. Lucina wyomingensis is from Varysburg, Wyoming co. Ontaria pontiaca sp. nov. Plate 8, fig. 2x Shell suborbicular or slightly transverse. Hinge line straight, extend- ing two thirds the length of the shell; divided subcentrally by the beak, which projects slightly beyond it; beaks deflected very slightly anteriorly. Cardinal area narrow, erect. Valves subequilateral. Umbo gently and regularly convex, sloping with convex curve to the basal margin, but the surface is concave both in front and behind the umbo on the slope of the lateral margins. Marginal curve quite regular, the surface somewhat more expanded behind than in front. Marginal surface somewhat abruptly deflected. Surface smooth, showing no cardinal or other radial plications and only vague, obscure suggestions of concentric lines. This general smoothness of the surface is indicated by a number of individuals and serves, with 288 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the equilateral division of the shell, as the distinguishing feature of the species. | Dimensions. An average specimen has a length of 26 mm; and hight of 20 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Known only from the shales at Pontiac, Erie co. Ontaria accincta sp. nov. Plate 8, fig. 22-25 Shells small for this genus but slightly convex, with subcentral beaks. Outline circular. Cardinal line short and straight, the curve sometimes a little broader anteriorly. Surface smooth or with traces of concentric lines about the margin and an occasional circular ridge or wrinkle; no radial lines visible. The embryo shell is distinctly set off from the rest of the valve by a deep cincture, and this feature seems to be always present and may be construed as a characteristic of the species. Dimensions. Length and hight 7-8 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Cashaqua creek. Observations. A considerable number of shells from the same locality have the above features and attain about the same dimensions. The peculiar prominence of the prodissoconch seen in all these appears sporadi- cally in adult specimens of O.suborbicularis. We believe however that it persists in all the shells of this more westerly form and, together with the other surface characters, will serve to keep it distinct therefrom. Ontaria clarkei Beushausen (sp.) Plate 7, fig. 10-20 Cardiola clarkei Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog. N. F. 1885. Heft 17, p. 347, pl. 36, fig. 10a It is a rather singular incident that Beushausen under the above name should have described from a single valve a species which is of so frequent occurrence in the New York Intumescens fauna. The shell is of considerable size, somewhat but not greatly oblique, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 289 with rather prominent umbo, and closely appressed, incurved beak. Cardi- nal area short, triangular, but inequilateral, and divided unequally by the beak. Surface quite convex, maximum convexity being attained near the middle of the shell, and the curvature thence becoming slightly concave on the anterior and posterior slopes. Outline subcircular to transversely oval. The sculpture consists of fine radial lines, from 125 to 150 in number, which extend over the entire surface to the hinge line. These are at first round and filiform, but become flattened outward and increase by unequal division, so that on the margin these radii alternate or vary irregularly in size. The intervening grooves are very narrow. At the cardinal slopes the lines are larger on the posterior slope, and their extremities inosculate on opposite valves. Over the median portion of the shell these radial lines often show a decided backward curve parallel with the oblique line of greatest convexity from the beak to the ventral margin. In occasional instances duplication of the radial striae begins early and results in exceptionally fine lineation of the pallial region of the shell. The surface also sometimes bears low, somewhat irregular concentric folds which seem to be largely due to compression in the shales, as rotund specimens are free from them. ; We have already noted the remarkable similarity in ornamental characters between this shell and Paraptyx ontario, which conceals the distinction between the two when the cardinal parts are not retained. In O. clarkei the hinge line is very short, and the cardinal angles rounded closely about the beak, while the umbonal striae radiate to the posterior edge. Dimensions. \n average specimens the length is‘'20 mm, hight 18 mm. Large examples attain a length of 30 mm and hight of 25 mm, while small individuals very much below these dimensions are common. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is common in the shales of the Naples beds in Ontario and Livingston counties, but has not been observed west of the Genesee river. Beushau- sen’s specimen is from the lower Upper Devonic at Oberscheld. 290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Ontaria affiliata sp. nov. - Plate 7, fig. 21, 22 This shell is a radiate plicate species allied to O. clarkei in some respects, differing therefrom in (1) contour, this species being more convex at the umbo and over the body of the valve with steeper slopes anteriorly and posteriorly; (2) direction of plications, which pass radially with slight curve from beak to margins; (3) character of plications: these are fine, flat, even more numerous at the start than in O. clarkei, simple for one half their length, thence forward rapidly intercalating or splitting, and at the margins all are separated by linear grooves irregularly fasciculated. Faint concentric folds are evident but no concentric lines. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. The single valve showing the above characters is from the soft shales of Parrish gully, Naples. Ontaria halli sp. nov. Plate 7, fig. 23—24A; plate 8, fig. 28 These shells approach very closely Cardiola subarticulata Beushausen* having from 80 to 100 fine, simple, rounded striae, which become flattened over the pallial region in front and behind and are separated by linear furrows. The surface bears a series of low, broad con- centric undulations and also very fine concentric cancelating striae. The shells from the Naples shales are less convex than the German species referred to, but this may be a casual difference. In outline they are some- what transversely oval or subcircular, narrow across the umbones without the expanded subcircular extremities of associated species. The beak and umbo are prominent, and the general contour of the surface as in other species here described. The character of the surface serves to distinguish the species, being less finely striated than in O. clarkei, and no other associated form carries the combination of radial striations, strong con- centric corrugations and fine concentric striae here present. tOp. cit. p. 352, pl. 37, fig. 4. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 2gI Dimensions. An average specimen measures, hight 20 mm, length 18 mm. Ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Occasionally in the shales at Parrish gully, Naples N. Y. Cardiola subarticulata Beush. is from Martenberg, Westphalia. Genus Euthydesma Hall. 1885 Euthydesma was based on the species we are about to notice; and, after careful study of all available material of the genus from the Intu- mescens fauna and comparison with the accounts given by Holzapfel and Beushausen of the shell described as Mytilarca and Euthydesma beyrichi, we are disposed to conclude that at present but one specific type of this genus is known. The New York shells are of considerable, often large size, with umbones full, rotund and anterior and the surface generally characterized by broad and obliquely concentric ridges. The actual attitude of the beaks we are disposed to believe is opisthogyre, though our preparations are not of such character as finally to determine this point. Yet from analogy with Lunulicardium we find much that supports this view; the posterior cardinal ribs (two to five in number) constitute all the radial plications of the surface and are quite sug- gestive of the posterior plications in Lunulicardium, specially the species L.beushauseni. This similarity to L. beushauseni is somewhat emphasized by such specimens as that figured on our plate 9 [fig. 15], where the shell seems to have a scar of early injury running obliquely forward from the beak, giving the apex an apparently posterior direction and the anterior margin a subtruncate aspect. This phenomenon has been observed in more than one instance and may not prove to be wholly casual. Hall described the hinge line as “rigidly straight” and as bearing a well defined ligamental groove. Our preparations show that the cardinal or ligament area is rather short, moderately high, arched and finely striated horizontally. It is interrupted directly under the beak by a transverse or vertical ridge and corresponding depression, so that this modification of the 292 NEW YORK-.STATE MUSEUM area subserves the purposes of articulation, though these processes are not to be regarded as hinge teeth, We believe with Beushausen that the affinities of Euthydesma were doubtless with the Cardiolidae, that is with such of them as have been already here described, and the presence of the peculiar structure mentioned does not militate against this interpretation. Euthydesma subtextile Hall Plate 9, fig. 8-17 Astarte subtextilis Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. Pp. 245, fig. 6 Cardiomorpha subtextilis Hall, Preliminary Notice Lamellibranchiata. 1870. pt 2, p. 93 Cardiomorphatextilis and undulata, Paleontology of New York. 1883. v. 5, pt 1, plates and explanations, pl. 63, fig. 11-16 Euthydesma subtextile Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, 2, p. 385, pl. 63, fig. 11-16; 93, fig. 28, 29 cf. Mytilarca beyrichi Holzapfel, Palaeontographica. 1882. 28:257, pl. 48, fig. 8, a, b and Euthydesma beyrichi Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. geolog. Landesanst. N F. 1895. Heft 17, p. 317, pl. 38, fig. 7, 8 This shell has been quite fully described and delineated in the Paleon- tology of New York, and hence its characters do not require full explication here. The species is peculiarly localized, having been found in New York only about the shore of Lake Erie, where it appears to be very common at certain localities. In external aspect it is somewhat variable, at times being almost smooth or with fine concentric striae; usually bearing strong and low oblique ridges on the surface’ and generally on both valves two or more strong ribs extending along the hinge line and obliquely from the beak to the posterior extremity. These are present in the original of the figure 13 cited in the accompanying footnote, but have been omitted in the drawing Good sculpture casts show fine concentric lines, distant in the ‘In the specimens represented in figures 13 and 14 on plate 63, Pal. N. Y., Joc. ci¢., the undulations there appearing as concentric with'the growth lines are actually slightly oblique. adhe NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 293 umbonal region but crowded toward the margins, and also traces of fine radial lines are to be seen, principally on the posterior and basal slopes. These take on the form of slightly wavy lunes which undulate without cancelating the concentric striae. The figure intended to show the nature of this ornament on plate 63, of. czt. [fig. 15] is, as stated therein, incorrect ; that given on plate 93, figure 29, approximates the actual condition. With regard to Euthydesma beyrichi Holz., Beushausen has suggested the probability of its identity with E. subtextile but hesi- tated to pronounce the two forms alike, because, first, of the supposed ‘radial striation of the entire shell” in the latter, which is not perceptible except with extraordinarily favorable preservation; again, on account of the cancelation of the radial and concentric striae and the formation of nodes at their intersection, a condition which exists only on a minute scale ; and, thirdly, because of only ¢wo posterior folds parallel to the hinge line. As shown by our figures, the number of these varies from one to five. Flabttat. Genesee province;. Chautauqua subprovince. Barcelona, Correll’s point, Forestville, Chautauqua co. and at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. The original specimens of Mytilarca beyrichi are from the lower Upper Devonic at Martenberg, Westphalia. Beushausen further reports the species from Oberscheld and from the upper Upper Devonic of the Enkeberg. ELASMATIUM gen. nov. Under this name we propose to bring together series of disconnected right and left valves subtriangular or subcircular in outline, with cardinal characters obsolete and surface smooth or concentrically lined. The right valves are convex, arched in the umbonal region, with an oblique, low umbonal ridge and well defined umbonal slope. The left valves agree in marginal outline and general convexity with the right, but a vertical inte- rior plate or ridge begins at the beak and divides the shell along the curving middle line into two subequal parts. A lesser and similar internal plate seems to lie in the place of the posterior umbonal ridge. Surface of both valves concentrically striate. 294 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Elasmatium gowandense sp. nov. Plate 12, fig. 21-29 Shells of rather small size having the characters above set forth, The interior plates or ridges of the left valve are generally rendered conspicuous by the flattening of the test in the shale, breaking along the edges of the plates and leaving them standing out above the surface of the shell. This crushing, which is usual in the specimen, generally folds it along the umbonal ridge, obscuring but not concealing the smaller plate beneath. Observations. To the relations of these shells, if the valves here described prove to belong together, we can gain little clue. The clavicle. bearing left valves suggest some of the taxodont genera like Nuculites, but there is a total loss of taxodont characters. The shells are found freely in association with Kochia and Loxopteria. Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the shales, at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co., and at Walnut creek, Forestville and Little Canadaway creek, Chautauqua co. Genus sucurora Barrande. 1881 Venericardium v. Buch. 1832 Gly ptocardia Hall. 1885 Cardium, Cardiola, Avicula of authors Fig. 11 Camera sketches of the hinge line in Buchiola retrostriata showing the irregular denticulations on the edge Obscure as are the structural characters of these shells, yet the peculi- arity of their ornament alone justifies their distinctive designation. This feature consists in few and broad plications crossed by fine lines caught up into festoons on the summits of the ribs. Even in this respect, however, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 295 the species pass into Paracardium, a group from which Buchiola is distin- guished less in kind than in degree. The structural features of Buchiola appear to us, from the study of delicate replacements, to be these. The cardinal line is long and straight, and the beaks we regard as prosogyre ; a narrow sometimes curved or concave, almost linear cardinal or ligament area is developed, on the outer edge of which we find in many cases a row of minute and often irregular denticles. This is a modification which is so frequently absent that we have repeatedly suspected it to be due to incomplete replacement, but in our present judgment such is not the nature of it. This row of denticies may extend for nearly the whole length of the cardinal line or for only a part thereof, and it is probable that those from opposite valves interlock. It is quite certain that these denticles are not termini of radial subumbonal plications, as somewhat similar appearances in Praecardium are believed to be by Neumayr and Beushausen. Beushausen has done an estimable service in indicating the specific distinctions existing in the Devonic material of Germany which has long and everywhere passed under the name Cardiola retrostriata v. Buch. Similarly in New York all expressions of this genus have commonly passed as Avicula or Glyptocardia speciosa Hall. Though we find less diversity of specific forms in the Appalachian than in the German Devonic (18 species), yet we find it necessary to enter on some restriction of the old specific name, in order properly to apprehend the value of the genus. Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch. (sp.) Plate 10, fig. 1-14 Venericardium retrostriatum v. Buch, Ueber Goniatiten. 1832. p. 50 Avicula speciosa Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 243, pt 106, fig. 1, 1a Cardiola speciosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1883. v. 5, pt 1, plates and explanations, pl. 70, fig. 6-8 (not fig. 2-5, 9) Glyptocardia speciosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1 Lamell. 2, p. 426, pl. 70, fig. 6-8 (not fig. 2-5, 9) Cardiola retrostriata Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 58 296 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM — Cardiola (Buchiola) retrostriata Clarke, Am. Geologist. August 1891. P- 91, 96 Buchiola retrostriata Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog. Lan- desanst. N. F. 189s. Heft 17, p. 326, pl. 34, fig. 9, 10 We have already stated that the generic type of Buchiola is repre- sented by fewer specific expressions in the Devonic of New York than in the Rhineland. It is furthermore but sparsely found among faunas which antedate the Intumescens zone, but with a few other species of this fauna it continues its existence in the eastern subprovince for a while after the introduction of the brachiopod fauna. With the arrival of the Intumescens fauna, even in its prenuncial appearance, Buch, retrostriata was com-. mon, and in the shales and sands of the Naples beds it became, probably, the most abundant fossil of these rocks. Following the excellent example of Beushausen, we find reason to recognize certain specific differences in New York specimens of Buchiola which have heretofore been in part embraced under the specific terms cited above, by Professor Hall and the writer. Compared with Professor Beushau- sen’s careful delineations of what must ‘be regarded, in lieu of more precise knowledge, as typical examples of Venericardium retrostriatum v. Buch, and Cardium palmatum Goldfs., we are bound to conclude that no specific difference exists between the great majority of examples of Buchiola in the Naples beds and Buch. retrostriata. It is equally true that no material distinction can be found between these specimens and Beushausen’s conception of Buch. palmata. For us these two vener- able names, whose specific independence is recognized by the German savant, express the extremes of variation in sculpture of the New York species. Of both we find the equivalent in our common shell, which we designate with complete propriety, Buchiola retrostriata, Shell small, oblique oval, this obliquity frequently being exaggerated and sometimes lessened by the angle and degree of compression in the shales. Full grown individuals are highly convex when uncompressed, the greatest elevation being near the middle of the valve; the umbones are full NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 297 and closely incurved, beaks acute, small, and directed forward. Hinge line straight, shorter than the length of the shell, making nearly a right angle with the periphery at its anterior extremity, but a much larger angle at the posterior extremity. As specific characters in this genus rest wholly on permanent variations in the external ornament, this feature is to be depicted with care, and herein our observations are not based alone on internal and sculpture casts, but have been materially aided by barite replacements in which the contour of the detail is retained with absolute accuracy. The number of plications in: mature specimens is from 11 to 13. In young shells there may be not more than six or eight, but this number is invariably the accompaniment of diminutive size. In the umbonal regions of full grown shells these plications are distinctly convex, and their lateral slopes pass without interruption into the smooth, concave and narrow inter- vening furrows. Over the median part of the body of the valye the. ribs become broader and flattened above, and distinct lateral ridges are gradu- ally developed, which separate each rib from the sulcus. These ridges become more elevated toward the ventral margin, where they are raised into low carinae, while the ribs of which they form the boundaries become slightly concave because of their elevation. It is important to keep before the mind this variation with growth in view of the fact that Beushausen has laid much importance on the form of the cross section of the plications as a specific value, without taking into proper account this certainty of vari- ation from early to later stages. The surfaces of the ribs between the carinae are marked by quite prominent, retrally curved ridges having their longest slope toward the ven- tral margin. These may sometimes, if rarely, present a slight subangula- tion at the middle, seen best on the extremital ribs. The cross ridges are generally subequidistant, but toward the periphery become crowded and fincr. Compression in the shale and complication with the matrix often have the result to obscure these cross markings or to make them appear less regular than they actually are. On the extremital slopes they are somewhat finer than elsewhere. 298 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The grooves are regularly concave, and are smooth ; faint traces of con- centric lines on them are sometimes seen on the anterior slope. These grooves are always narrower than the ribs, and on the ventral margin have about two thirds of their width. Dimensions. The length of this shell rarely exceeds 8 mm, the average of size being considerably less than this. An uncompressed valve of this length from the Styliola limestone has a convexity of 3.5 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Not infrequent in the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake. Also in a higher limestone, just beneath the sandstones, at Lodi, Seneca co. Everywhere in the argil- laceous and sandy shales of the Naples beds in Seneca, Ontario, Living- ston, Genesee and Wyoming counties, rarer in the lower beds of Erie county, and occasionally in the eastern extension of this fauna through Schuyler, Tompkins, and into Cortland counties. Also in the Wiscoy shales above the Portage sandstones. Buchiola stuprosa sp. nov. Plate 10, fig. 23, 24 Glyptocardia speciosa Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v 5, pt 1, pl. 70, fig. 2-4 : ; In the work cited Professor Hall included with typical Glypt. spe- ciosa from the Portage shales, specimens from the black Genesee shales, figured as above. These, which we have had redrawn in part because their characters were not accurately given, are of rather inferior preservation, but they are clearly distinct from the other species here described, in the fol- lowing respects. They are quite elongate transversely, narrower in front than behind, the ribs are few, nine to 11, quite broad and flat with narrower interspaces, margins elevated on those in front of the umbo but otherwise with rounded edges, all ribs becoming more obscure and even obsolescent toward the margins. The concentric lines are faint, but fine, elevated, turned backward in a broad curve on the ribs and visible also in the sulci. In size the shells measure 6-8 mm in length by 5-6 mm in hight. Flabitat. In the black Genesee shales of Bristol, Ontario co. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 299 Buchiola (?) livoniae sp. nov. Plate 11, fig. 1, 2 Shell of medium size, transversely elliptic, beak subcentral, umbo not elevated, surface depressed convex. Cardinal line long, sloping somewhat in front. Ribs rounded, slightly flattened on top, 20 to 24 in number, sepa- rated by narrower and shallow furrows; crossed by very fine, crowded elevated and slightly recurved concentric lines, scarcely visible on the grooves, Dimensions. Length 8 mm, hight 5 mm. This shell is the most numerously plicate of any of the species referred to the genus, and it is with some hesitation that the species is placed with Buchiola rather than with the finely ribbed group constituting Paracardium. It serves to show the easy passage of one of these divisions into the other. Flabttat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Genun- dewa limestone of the Livonia salt shaft, Genesee county, and on Canandaigua lake. | A specimen from the dark Portage shales at Naples, which may be somewhat distorted in outline, has similar surface characters and may repre- sent this species. B. (?) livoniae is also known from the Naples fauna of Allegany county, Md. | Buchiola scabrosa sp. nov. , Plate ro, fig. 25-28 Shells small, highly convex, oblique, with ribs strongly elevated, rounded or without elevated edges and furrows deep, smooth and not flat- tened. The ornament of the ribs consists of very coarse, retrally bent subangular and elevated scales over the umbonal region and these become fine, delicate and obscure about the periphery. The species is well characterized by its ornament and will not be con- founded with others of the fauna. It is suggestive of B. halli of the Hamilton fauna, but the latter is a very much larger shell with irregular retral festoons hemmed in by the elevated edges of the ribs. 300 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dimensions. An average convex specimen measures, length 7 mn, hight 6 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake; the calcareous concretions of the Portage shales on Honeoye lake and from the shales in Ontario and Livingston counties. Chautauqua subprovince. In the shales on Farnham creek, Erie co. Buchiola conversa sp. nov. Plate 10, fig. 22 Shell small, hinge line straight ; surface depressed convex, beak sub- central, umbo not prominent, marginal outline subcircular. Surface with 12 or 13 ribs, which are at first flattened and at about the middle of the shell become decidedly concave with elevated edges; this concavity increases to the ventral margin. Concentric striae are extremely faint on these ribs. The intercostal furrows are not as wide as the ribs, and are but little more concave; they, however, have the concentric striae quite clearly defined toward the anterior margin. This ornament is of quite similar aspect to that of Praecardium duplicatum, described on another page, but there is no likelihood of confounding the species. Buchiola conversa is quite clearly distinguished from other species of Buchiola. Dimensions. Length of an average example 5 mm, hight 4 mm. flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Big Sister and Farnham creeks, Angola, Erie co., 250 feet above the Cashaqua shales ; Forestville, Chautauqua co. Naples subprovince. Naples. Also in the Naples fauna of Allegany county, Md. Buchiola angolensis sp. nov. Plate 10, fig. 29-33 Shell of large size for this genus, suborbicular or slightly oval; beak somewhat anterior. Surface bearing as many as 17 ribs. The majority of these are rounded in contour throughout their extent, but those on the anterior slope show elevated marginal carinae and are slightly depressed on the surface. The intervening furrows are low and narrow. The ribs are NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 301 crossed by very fine, elevated, retrally curved striae, which become crowded toward the periphery. The striae also cross the furrows with a downward curve and, though faint are clearly retained on well preserved sculpture casts. Concentric periodical depressions frequently mark the surface, inter- rupting the ribs and at times making a conspicuous feature. The species is well characterized and readily distinguished by its size and surface characters. It is among the rarer forms of the genus. Dimensions. Length and width of an average example 13 mm. flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales at Angola, Erie co., and on Farnham creek, 3 miles southwest of that place. Buchiola lupina sp. nov. Plate 10, fig. 34-36 Shell quite small, obliquely oval, notably narrowing anteriorly. Car- dinal line straight, anterior angle large. Surface regularly convex, not greatly elevated in sculpture casts; depressed abruptly in front, more grad- ually behind; with 11 to 13 rounded ribs, slightly depressed above, and with narrow, shallow, intervening furrows. The concentric lines are fine, sharply elevated and closely crowded and on the ribs make a low and broad retral curve. These striae are continued over the furrows with a downward curve of about equal strength, but they are less sharply defined on these areas. In this respect the sculpture of the species is like that of B. ango- lensis, but there is a notable difference in the species in form, size, and number of plications. Dimensions. Length of an average specimen 5 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. From the soft shales at the mouth of Wolf creek near Mount Morris, in the lower Genesee valley. Chautauqua subprovince. At Pontiac, Erie co. Buchiola halli sp. nov. Plate xo, fig. 15, 16 In the Paleontology of New York, v. 5, pt 1, pl. 70, fig. 9; 80, fig. 10, Professor Hall included under the species Glyptocardia speciosa 302 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM some specimens of large size, twice the usual dimensions of G. speciosa (B. retrostriata) which are distinctly different from that species in the following respects of ornamentation. The ribs, generally not more than 12, are elevated and bounded by vertical margins which the transverse orna- ment does not pass. In the umbonal region these ribs bear retrally curved nodes of irregular size though in regular zonal arrangement, and all quite large and conspicuous, giving the surface a scabrous aspect. Toward the margins these nodes become suppressed and the surface acquires the char- acter usual throughout in B. retrostriata. Fine concentric and regular lines cover the coarser nodes. The grooves between the ribs are concave and smooth. The character of this ornament suggests that of B. scabrosa, but is much less regular, the margins of the ribs are here elevated, and the shell much larger. It is even more closely allied to B. ferruginea Holzapfel* from the middle Devonic (Stringocephlenkalk) of Martenberg, also described and figured by Beushausen.? This shell is also small but it has the ribs with elevated margins and nodose, if somewhat more regular, sur- face not shading out toward the margin. One of the depauperated and arrested shells described by Loomis from the pyrite layer at the horizon of the Tully limestone is such a scabrous shell of Buchiola, representing an early growth stage of this species or perhaps of B. halli? It is interesting to note that this coarse nodose ornament is a character of primitive growth and, as shown by adult shells both of B. halli and B. scabrosa, becomes obsolete in senile stages. Dimensions. Average specimens measure 11 mm in length and 10 mm in hight. Occurrence. In the Marcellus shale near Skaneateles*+ and in the ‘Hamilton shales at Shurger’s glen and Norton’s landing, Cayuga lake. Buchiola cf. priimiensis Steininger (sp.) Plate 10, fig. 18, 19 See Cardium prumiense Steininger, Geognost. Beschreibung der Eifel. i853. P. 51, pl. 3, fig. 3 Buchiola priimiensis Beushausen, Die Lamellibr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. P. 336, pl. 34, fig. 13, 14 The sandy shales of Erie county have afforded a few specimens of a shell characterized by its suborbicular form, low flattened ribs, 12 to 15 in * *Das obere Mitteldev. im rhein. Gebirge. 1895. p. 229, pl. 11, fig. 16. *Die Lamellilbr. des rhein. Devon. 1895. p. 329, pl. 35, fig. 4-6. 3N. Y. State Pal. Rep’t. 1903. pl. 2, fig. 7. *Pal. N. Y., Zoe. cit. pl. 70, fig. 9. eh ede NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 303 number, its very narrow sulci and fine concentric lines, which together per- mit of its comparison with Beushausen’s portraiture of Buch. prumien- sis. In itself the shell is distinguished readily from its associates and it seems to approximate most nearly in its specific traits to B. retro- striata, with which it is not, to our knowledge, associated in the western region. From that species it may be distinguished by its less transversely oval form, more numerous plications, and narrower furrows. The retral lines on the ribs are low and perhaps not so numerous as in B. prumien- sis; on the anterior slope of the shell these concentric lines are clearly visible on the furrows. Over the body of the shell the ribs are depressed convex and become slightly concave about the periphery, the edges showing a decided tend- ency to elevation. Our specimens consist of internal and external casts of the same shells, which show very little difference in the exactness of the ornamental detail. flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. All specimens observed are from the Big Sister and Farnham creeks in the vicinity of Angola, Erie co. and the ravine at Java Village, Wyomingco. Buchiola prumiensis is from the lower Upper Devonic at Oberscheld, Budes- heim, and elsewhere. paRAcARDIuM Barrande. 1881 This name has been employed only for Siluric shells (Etage E of Bohemia) except by Professor Hall, who referred to the genus the Devonic species here mentioned, P. doris of the Genesee stage (Styliola lime- stone). Little has been made of the genus because of its close similarity to the genera Paracardium and Buchiola, into which in external characters it seems gradually to pass. Yet the general expression of the Devonic shells here embraced under this name is distinctive, and, so far as external evidence goes, they may with safety be referred to Paracardium. They are shells of circular marginal outline, high and slightly projecting beaks and fine simple radial ribs without other ornament. With regard to hinge structure Con, rath* has indicated that the hinge line bears denticulations which have no *Sitzb. der kais. Akad. der Wissensch. 1 Abth. 1887. p. 9. _ 304 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM relation to the sculpture ribs, but this observation was made on Siluric shells, and we have been able to find no corresponding structure in the delicate barite replacements derived. from the Naples beds. These shells are of diminutive size, and such cardinal features as they possess are very obscure. Paracardium doris Hall Plate rz, fig. 5+ 10 Cardiola doris Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1883. v.5, pt 1, plates and explanations, pl. 70, fig. 10, 11 Paracardium doris Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, p. 428, pl. 70, fig. 10, 11 Shell very small, subcircular in outline when uncompressed, but usually somewhat elongate transversely or obliquely. Beaks minute, incurved and directed forward, umbones full and convex, the general contour of the shell being rotund and regular. Hinge line quite short and but slightly inter- rupting the regularity of the periphery. Surface covered with 20 to 25 fine rounded ribs, separated by narrower furrows. Occasionally these ribs show very faint traces of concentric lines. The shell rarely has a length and breadth exceeding 4 mm. .fTabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Common in the Styliola limestone in Ontario county and in the lower, soft shales of the Naples beds in Yates, Ontario, Livingston and Genesee counties; in the Wiscoy shale, Wiscoy creek, Allegany co.; it is rare farther west and has not been seen in Erie and Chautauqua counties. The species also occurs at Folks Mill and other localities in Allegany county, Md. Paracardium delicatulum sp. nov. Plate rr, fig. 4 Shell of about the same size as Parac. doris, beak nearly median, outline transversely subcircular, extended slightly on the posterior margin. Surface convex, the greatest elevation being along a median line from the beak to the ventral margin. The ornamentation consists of a great number, 60 or more, of fine, filiform radiating lines. Ffabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This is a rare NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 305 species and has been found in New York only in the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake, but it occurs also in the Naples fauna of Allegany county, Md. Genus prarcarpium Barrande. 1881 The shells for which Barrande established this genus are extremely well characterized by their oblique form, truncated anterior extremity and simple, sparse ribs, generally narrow and rectangular in cross section, with broad intervening furrows. We find, however, that apart from these typical forms there are variations in all of the essential details which indicate deviation from the type toward structures common to Ontaria, Buchiola etc. Thus while the upper Devonic fauna under discussion contains an abundant locaiized development of the typical species, P. vetus- tum Hall, there are other forms which it is necessary to separate from this species, in which is presented a more or less sharp duplication of the ribs and somewhat less oblique form and yet no variant sufficient to withdraw the species from the genus. The most widely distributed of the species is the Praecardium vetustum, which has been identified by Beushau- sen in the lower Upper Devonic of Westphalia, but in America has not been found outside the western Portage subprovince in the vicinity of Lake Erie. In regard to the structure of the hinge in Praecardium, Barrande repre- sented a rather high area bearing a number of vertical riblets which terminate at the hinge line in denticles. Though these were characterized by him as “teeth,” it has been suggested by both Neumayr and Conrath that they are actually representatives of the radial ribs of the surface extending about and beneath the beak and their interlocking terminations and, though homologous with teeth, are not analogous thereto. The structure represented both by Barrande and Conrath is parallel with what we have occasionally found, with other writers, in species of Buchiola, and have elsewhere discussed, but whether or not these exist in the typical Bohemian species of Praecardium, our observations are in entire accord with those of Beushausen, who remarks that in the best preserved speci- mens of P. vetustum from the Rhenish Devonic there is no trace what- 306 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ever of these teethlike structures nor of any plications or ribs on the cardinal area. We find the area to be rather high, concave and quite smooth. This part of the shell has been seen only in the species P. vetustum. Praecardium vetustum Hall Plate rz, fig. 11-19 Cardium? vetustum Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 245, tab. 107, fig. 2 Cardiola vetusta (Hall) Miller, Cat. North American Paleozoic Fossils. 1877. p. 186 Praecardium vetustum Hall, Paleontology of New Vork. 1885. v. 5, pt I, p. 427, pl. 70, fig. 18-20 Praecardium vetustum Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog. Landesanst. N. F. 1895. Heft 17, p. 301, pl. 31, fig. 6, 7 This species was early described as derived from the Portage shales on the shore of Lake Erie, and also from Cashaqua creek and the Genesee river. It would appear that at the time of preparation of the Paleontology of New York, 5: 1, as above cited, representatives of the species were recognized only from the Lake Erie shore near Portland Harbor, and, so far as our personal knowledge extends, the species is strictly localized to the western region. The characters of the shell are well defined, its highly oblique and subtriangular form, its abrupt anterior cardinal slope and coarse, broad, flat, sharply defined ribs, and equally broad and flat furrows, distinguishing it. It presents some variation in the number of its ribs, which are from g to 15 in adult shells. According to Hall these show a tendency to duplication near the margin, but no such tendency is observable in our material. The existence of a very fine concentric ornament is evident on all specimens. Flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Common in the soft shales at Barcelona (Portland Harbor), Correll’s point, Lake Erie, and Forestville (Walnut creek, Terry’s ravine), Chautauqua co.; Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. Rare at all outcrops farther east and not known outside this subprovince. NAPLES_FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 307 The specimens of this species described by Beushausen are from the Goniatite beds at Nehden, and a variety of the same, larger and more abundantly plicated (var. clymeniae), is from the Clymenia kalk of the Enkeberg. This author regards the Cardiola nehdensis Kayser‘ as belonging to this species. Praecardium melletes sp. nov. Plate 11, fig. 20 This is a small shell rendered oblique by the narrow, projecting umbone. It is similar in aspect to P. vetustum, the plications being broad, flat and simple, and the grooves of the same character, but it bears only six of these plications. Though P. vetustum varies in the number of its ribs, we have seen no typical example of it in which the number falls below nine, and, as the increase in these simple ribs ceases at a very early growth stage, P. melletes may represent an arrested condition at adult growth. The single valve observed has a length of 7.5 mm and a width of 6 mm. ffabitat. From the sandstone slabs at the top of the Portage shales, at the falls in Terry's ravine, Forestville, Chautauqua co. If this species was ever a member of the Intumescens fauna, it has loitered here after the disappearance of that fauna and is associated with a true Chemung com- bination, Mytilarca umbonata, Lyriopecten triradiatus, Crenipecten glaber, Athyriscora, Orthis cf. leonensis, ete. Praecardium duplicatum Miinster (sp.) Plate rz, fig. 25 Cardiola duplicata Miinster, Beitrége zur Petrefaktenkunde. 1840. Heft 3 p. 68, pl. 13, fig. 20a, b; pl. 12, fig. 21 Cardiola du plicata Kayser, Zeitschr. der deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1873. 25: 639, pl. 21, fig. 4a, b (?) Praecardium duplicatum Beushausen, Abhandl. der kénigl. Preuss. Geolog. Landesanst. N. F. 1895. Heft 17, p. 303, pl. 31, fig. 4a Shell of rather large size, with incurved beaks and prominent umbones, which are strongly directed anteriorly and give the valves a marked obli- * Zeitschr. der deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. 1873. 25: 638. 308 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM quity. Surface strongly convex, probably when uncompressed decidedly rotund in the umbonal region. Marginal outline subcircular, extended somewhat posteriorly. The exterior is covered with sharp, broad and flat- tened radial ribs, which are separated by furrows of about the same width. Even in the early stages of growth these ribs are divided in the middle by a depressed area, which becomes more conspicuous with growth, and eventually on the pallial margin attain almost the depth of the intercostal furrows. The margins of the ribs thus divided are sharply erect. From 14 to 19 of these duplicate ribs may be counted. On the anterior cardinal slope there seems to be a slight variation in the character of these ribs, and, in passing from the ventral to the anterior margin, one of the edges of the double plication appears to be magnified at the expense of the other, with the result that the earliest plications on the cardinal slope appear as simple and alternate in size. A very fine concen- tric ornament crosses all plications and is most sharply developed on the intercostal furrows. Length and width of the largest specimen 17 mm. There is little reason to doubt the identity of this species with Prae- card. duplicatum as described and figured by Beushausen. Yet the character of our specimens shows with more force than do those of that author close affiliation of the shell to Buchiola and their deviation from Praecardium in the less abrupt anterior slope, the elevated margins of the plications and the nature of the festooned concentric ornament. Ffabitat, (Genesee province ; Chautauqua subprovince. The two speci- mens found are in a dark sandy shale from Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville, Wyoming co. The German specimens of the species are from the Clymeniakalk of Gottendorf and the Enkeberg, Westphalia. Praecardium multicostatum sp. nov. Plate 11, fig. 2t-24 Shell subcircular or somewhat oblique but less so than in the other species described. Beak anterior and anterior cardinal slope abrupt. Sur- NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 309 face regularly convex and distinctly elevated in the umbonal region, Orna- ment consisting of about 19 sharply defined, flattened ribs, which near the pallial margin are not so broad as the interspaces. These ribs are divided on their summit by a low median depression, which leaves the edges promi- nent, and of the same character as in Praecard. du plicatum, though their duplication is not so pronounced. On the posterior cardinal slope, which is depressed and flattened, the ribs retain a simple character, while the broad anterior slope is quite smooth. Traces of a minute concentric striation are seen on the surface of internal casts. An undistorted speci- men has a length of 10 mm and width of 9.5 mm. This species is readily distinguished, and, like Praecard. dupli- catum, shows an affiliation to Buchiola in its ornamentation. Beushausen mentions and figures a valve of Praecardium sp.‘ which, though larger than Praecard. multicostatum, resembles it in outline and in the number of its plications. This, like the specimens of Praecard, duplicatum, is from the Clymeniakalk of the Enkeberg. Ffabitat.. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales in the gorge of Walnut creek, Forestville, Chautauqua co. purttaA Barrande. 1881 Plate 11, fig. 26-29 Species of this genus occur occasionally in the gray and black shales. of the Portage formation and the black shales of the Genesee. The speci- mens in our collections serve solely to indicate the presence of distinct forms, but are not well enough preserved to justify an attempt at descrip- tion. There are , ; 1 A small orbicular species having about the dimensions and outline common to Ontaria suborbicularis, with 25 to 30 coarse plications, which has been found in the gray shales at the base of the Naples beds on Canandaigua lake. 2 A large and quite oblique species with broad, coarse ribs, 28 to 30 in number, on the anterior slope and finer ribs posteriorly, which has a hight * Op. cit. p. 304, pl. 31, fig. 5. 310 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and length of about 50 mm. This is from a bituminous layer of the Genesee, at Iron Bridge Mills, Cayuga creek, Erie co. 3 An oblique ovate shell of intermediate proportions and finer ribs, 40 to 45 in number, crossed by faint concentric striae. Valves of this species have a length and hight of 30 mm. These have been found in the Genesee shales just above the Styliola limestone, Seneca point, Canandaigua lake. conocarpium Bronn. 1835 Conocardium gowandense sp. nov. Plate 22, fig. 35, 36 This only species of the genus Conocardium in the Intumescens fauna, is represented by but a single specimen, the right valve. This however retains the form and surface characters sufficiently to justify description. Shell small, elongate triangular, posterior extension relatively long and quite gradually tapering. Anterior extremity abruptly concave, delimited by a broad crested plication which has an oblique direction from the beak downward. Hinge line nearly straight in front of the beak. The body or medial portion of the valve bears three stout flattened ribs, excluding the anterior one, and in the first intervening space are one or two lesser ones with intercalated fine radial lines. Over the posterior extension of the valve the ribs are simple, stout, not flattened, and of sub- equal size. A very fine concentric striation of elevated lines covers both plications and grooves, and is specially developed on the grooves of the median portion of the shell. With considerable enlargement exceedingly fine radial lines may be seen on the upper surface of the flat plications. The dimensions of the valve are: greatest length 16 mm; hight, 9 mm; length on anterior carina 10 mm. Flabetat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. From the arenaceous slabs at Gowanda, Cattaraugus co. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 311 pataronEerco Hall. 1870 Palaeoneilo constricta Conrad Plate 15, fig. 9-13 Nuculites constricta Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 1842. 8: 249, pl. 15, fig. 8 Nucula bellula Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 97, tab. 78, fig. 7 Palaeoneilo constricta Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 1, 2, p. 333, pl. 48, fig. 1-16; pl. 51, fig. 17 * This species, common in the Hamilton fauna of western New York, was identified and figured by Professor Hall from the Portage beds of Portland Harbor (Barcelona) on the Lake Erie shore, Chautauqua co. We find the species to be quite abundant at certain localities in the soft shales of that region though rare farther east and not yet recognized as far eastward as the Genesee river. All the characters presented by the Ham- ilton shell are well expressed in these later representatives. The species is also common in the Ithaca fauna of central New York, but is not known in the geographic interval at this horizon between Cayuga lake and Chau- tauqua county. In the localities of the latter region the shell is associated with Praecardium vetustum, Lunulicardium of various species and the general fauna of the province. Habitat. Genesee province ; Chautauqua subprovince. Portland Har- bor (Hall), Correll’s point near Brocton, and Forestville, Chautauqua co. Palaeoneilo petila sp. nov. Plate rs, fig. 1-8 | This little shell in some features is similar to P. constricta, having a sinuous posterior extremity and the arrangement of the ligament pits as in that species. It is however always small, transversely ovate, never so broad as in P. constricta; beak behind the anterior third of the length, ante- rior margin subelliptic, basal margin convex, broadly curved, often with an interruption to this curvature caused by the projection of the low umbonal ridge; narrowing behind to a subattenuate posterior extremity and emar- 312 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ginate by the posterior sinus. Postcardinal slope long and oblique. Sur- face convex on the umbones, sloping rather abruptly to the front margin ; behind, the surface is sinused by a broad, low depression which brings into prominence a postmedian umbonal ridge. Specimens from the shales and the barite replacements indicate that the surface was smooth or with obscure concentric growth lines. This condition is clearly shown in most of our figures. Only one, an incomplete replacement, shows that over the poste- rior part of the shell the concentric lines are well defined and elevated, but not to such degree as in other species. On the interior, anterior and poste- rior muscular scars, with thickened inner walls, are at times very sharply defined. The cardinal area is broadly arched, the denticulations are all vertical and decrease in size beneath the beak. Dimensions. A specimen of full size has a length of 10 mm, hight 6.5, thickness through conjoined valves 3.5 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Not uncommon in the soft shales of Livingston, Ontario and Yates counties. Chautauqua subprovince. ‘A single specimen has been obtained at Pontiac, Erie co. Palaeoneilo muricata sp. nov. Plate 15, fig. 14, 15 Professor Hall described several specimens of Palaeoneilo from the New York Devonic which bear two instead of one posterior sulcus outside of the cardinal slope, P. bisulcata from the upper Chemung of: Elmira, . P. muta and P. perplanaof the Hamilton and Ithaca faunas, and of these P. bisulcata and P. muta show evidence of having had the con- centric lines of the surface produced and lamellate. The little species now before us can hardly be referred to any of these shells, as it is persistently of much smaller size and of somewhat different outline. Its strikingly lamellose surface ridges were probably equaled in the species cited, specially P. muta, but these characters have not been well retained in the shale specimens with which alone we are acquainted. Palaeoneilo muricata covers small subelliptic shells, subtruncate pos- teriorly ; beak prominent at anterior third of cardinal line, anterior extrem- NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 313 ity short, regularly rounded, subsemicircular, basal margin transverse, poste- rior margin doubly sinuate, postlateral angle obtuse and posterior hinge line oblique and straight. Surface evenly convex over the body of the shell, rising from the beak to about the middle of the valve, sloping broadly to the basal margin and more abruptly in front. Posteriorly two furrows begin near the beaks and widen outward, emarginating the periphery. These are separated by a sharp ridge. Between the outer of these furrows and the: cardinal margin there is an abruptly sloping and distinctly sinused area which is in effect a third furrow. On the interior the muscular scars are hardly visible. The cardinal line is not regularly arched as in P. petila but on its inner curvature reaches an apex from which the anterior margin curves inward. The posterior row of denticles is long, the denticles being chevron-shaped, growing small toward the beak till over the narrowest part of the area just behind the beak they are minute. Beneath the beak they turn at an oblique angle (not so acutely as in P. fecunda as rep- resented by Hall"), and pass thence into the short anterior branch, which carries only a few large denticulations. The ornament consists of simple, distant and elevated lamellar concentric lines, which are specially extended on the ridges bounding and dividing the posterior grooves. Dimensions. Length 7 mm, hight 4 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the shales about Naples and Honeoye lake and as barite replacements in the concretions at Whetstone gully, Livingston co. Palaeoneilo brevicula sp. nov. Plate 15, fig. 16 Shell small, subtrigonal, length and hight equal, basal margin deeply convex with well marked constriction toward the posterior extremity. Cardinal area subacutely arched, umbonal angle about 90° Beaks nearly median, anterior slope oblique and direct, curving narrowly to the broad margin. Posterior slope somewhat longer than the anterior. Surface *Pal.N. Y. v. 5, pt 1, 2, pl. 49, fig. 22. 314 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM convex, posterior sinus strongly developed toward the margin. Sculptured by fine, sharp, elevated concentric and continuous concentric lines. Dimensions. Length and hight 4 mm. Observations. This little shell approaches in outline some of the forms which Hall assigned to his species P. brevis from the Ithaca and Chemung beds, but it attains an even more trigonal expression than any of them and indeed in respect to form expresses the most extreme aberration observed among species of the genus. flabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. This rare species has been seen only in the soft shales at forks of Cattaraugus creek, Gowanda. Palaeoneilo linguata sp. nov. Plate rs, fig. 17-22 To this genus are referred provisionally a series of subplane shells of characteristic outline and contour, though little has been made of their cardinal structure, all being rather indistinct sculpture casts. The shells are transversely elongate with broadly rounded anterior and tapering posterior moiety; beak at about the anterior third, the margin in front bending broadly outward in a semicircular curve, transverse on the basal margin, passing to a sublinguate posterior extension and rounding thence rather abruptly to a long, oblique and straight postcardinal slope. Contour very depressed, almost flat over the entire surface, save along the hinge; beak obscure. Surface usually quite smooth or with obscure traces of fine concentric lines. The casts show by compression a hinge area bearing the characteristic denticulations of the genus Palaeoneilo. The species is similar in its marginal outline to P. elongata of the Ithaca fauna. Dimensions. An average specimen has a length of 18 mm, a hight of io mm. Ffabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. These fossils, obscure in all details of structure, are quite abundant in the soft sandy shales at Forestville (Walnut creek and Terry’s ravine), Chautauqua co. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 315 teptopomus McCoy. 1844 Leptodomus interplicatus sp. nov. Plate x2, fig. 32-34 Though specimens of this species are not well preserved, they have proved rather common at one horizon in the Naples subprovince and show quite distinctive sculpture features. The shells are rather below medium size for the genus, were transversely ovate in outline, widening posteriorly and thence narrowing to the extremity. Beaks anterior and arched over the hinge. Surface concentrically plicate or rugose on the anterior slopes. These plications are simple near the extremity, but over the middle slope they narrow and bifurcate or receive others of equal size in the intervals. Passing backward both sets become rather abruptly obsolete and merge by twos or threes into broad obscure wrinkles on the posterior slope, The last, again, become wholly obsolete on the extremital surface, leaving it quite smooth. The oblique median umbonal furrow on the shell is quite obscure. The species may be compared in some respects of size and sur- face with L. arcuatus Conrad of the Hamilton shales, but the features described render it distinct. Dimensions. An average shell has a length of about 30 mm and a hight of 20 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the higher (Hatch) shales at Naples. Leptodomus multiplex sp. nov. Plate 22, fig. 30 This shell differs from the foregoing and other species of the genus in a transversely elongate and narrow form, rather long, straight hinge, sub. truncate posterior extremity and transverse basal margin. The beak is anterior, and a low oblique median sulcus traverses the shell from beak to base. The markings of the surface consist in narrow concentric plications of subequal size over the body of the shell, and these are divided by the sulcus, where for a short distance all become obsolete. In front, and over 316 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the anterior slope the plications incline to multiplication by bifurcation, while over the posterior slope they gradually grow obsolete, leaving the extremity smooth. Dimensions. The single valve of this kind observed has a length of 35 mm and a hight of 17 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the dark Rhinestreet shale at Naples. mopretta Hall. 1884 Modiella sp. ? Plate 12, fig. 32 A single specimen of this genus has been observed, representing a small species like M. p ygmaea Hall, with which it may prove to be iden- tical. It presents the expanded posterior extremity, convex and broad post- umbonal slope, oblique preumbonal depression and contracted convex anterior extremity of that species, but does not show the fine radii in the postumbonal slope. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the lower soft shales at Naples. Modiella pygmaea is common in the Hamilton shales of central and western New York. GASTROPODA prevroromaria Defrance. 1824 The specific type of Pleurotomaria capillaria (Conrad) Hall, which is a characteristic gastropod of the Hamilton fauna, is expressed by shells with rather short spires and a surface ornament consisting of a few (four or five) revolving ridges of unequal size crossed by retrally curved concentric and finer ridges which form nodes at the points of intersection. This style of sculpture is expressed in the Naples fauna with some variation from that of P.capillaria and so persistently that we judge it wise to indicate these departures under distinct specific titles, rather than as muta~ tions of the earlier species, for, while they may be, and perhaps the weight of evidence would indicate that these are genetically derived from P. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 317 capillaria, a similar type of structure was widespread in the Devonic, and these may have come into the Naples region with the invading fauna. Pleurotomaria capillaria Conrad cognata mut. (?) nov. Plate 19, fig. 27-30 Shell of medium proportions, with rather rapidly tapering spire and step-form volutions; attenuate. Whorls five to six, usually overlapping to the slit band. The upper surface of each slopes rather directly outward for more than one half its width and then falls away almost vertically to the suture. The slit band is central, narrow, prominent with sharply defined edges and depressed surface, is continuously exposed to the apex and carries closely crowded, retrally bent concentric striae, which are here more abundant than elsewhere on the surface. The surface of the upper division of the whorls carries in early stages two (second—third whorl) in later growth five (fourth whorl) and in full growth six revolving ridges of unequal size. Of these that nearest the slit band in early growth becomes the most prominent, though eventually one.or more ridges may intervene between it andthe band. This angulates the whorls, changes the slope and effects the steplike contour. Next to this in size is usually its companion of later introduction, then the other primi- tive ridge nearer the suture is most prominent. On the under side of the body whorl are from 10 to 15 low, flattened, revolving, raised striae of sub- equal size; in old shells these may become obsolescent. Crossing these revolving ridges of the upper surface are fine, sharp, elevated, concentric lines, 60 to a whorl, directed backward parallel to the aperture and making sharply elevated knots at the points of intersection. On the lower surface these lines are closely crowded together and may become in old stages fasciculate, nearly obliterating the revolving ridges. These characters differ from those of P. capillaria in these respects : The whorls of the latter are more regularly terraced by the revolving lines, which are fewer and of more nearly equal size ; the prominent knotted line of P. cognata is in the former reduced in strength, and the concen- tric lines are somewhat less in number. 318 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dimensions. A specimen of average size has a hight of 13 mm and a diameter of body whorl of 11 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the shales about Naples, particularly in a thin crinoidal layer near the base of Hatch hill; in the concretions on Honeoye lake. The species also occurs in a nodular layer at the base of the Cashaqua shales at Lodi falls, Seneca co., at Bennettsburg and Beaver Dams, Schuyler co. Pleurotomaria itylus sp. nov. Plate 19, fig. 31, 32 Shell of medium or regularly large size, spire short, whorls four to five (?), overlapped almost but not quite to the slit band; surface gently and regularly sloping ; without angulation; slit band narrow. Upper surface of whorls with numerous fine elevated concentric lines (probably more than 100 for each whorl) at quite regular intervals with smooth interspaces. These slope backward to the periphery and are crossed by several (six to eight) obscure revolving lines, at the intersection with which but low eleva- tions are found. Below the slit band only the concentric lines are apparent. This style of ornament approaches somewhat that of P. itys Hall of the Hamilton fauna, in which the intersection of numerous revolving and con- centric lines produces a tubercled exterior. In P. itylus the texture is finer, and the revolving lines almost suppressed. Dimensions. The single specimen observed has a hight and width of 14 mm. Hlabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales of Walnut creek, Forestville. ? Pleurotomaria ciliata sp. nov. Plate 20, fig. 8-14 Shell quite small, spire short, volutions five. Whorls rendered step- shaped by the prominence of the slit band, to the base of which overlap occurs except on the final whorl, which may be more loosely wound. Slit band relatively broad with sharp, angular, elevated, thin edges-and slightly NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 319 concave surface covered with retrally curved striae. On the upper surface of the whorls is a single revolving elevated line between the suture and the slit band. This is obscure on early whorls, becomes more prominent in later growth, but is again obscure at full growth; faint. trace of a second revolving ridge may sometimes be observed. The surface is crossed by a multitude of fine, hairlike, elevated concentric lines, which are raised into small nodes at intersection with the revolving ridge, but between the latter and the slit band are greatly obscured or lost. On the lower surface of the outer whorl the fine concentric lines are closely crowded together and are crossed by four to six very obscure revolving ridges. Dimensions. An average example has a hight of 8 mm and diameter of 7 mm. Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Common as replacements in the concretions of Whetstone gully, Conesus lake, and on Honeoye lake. Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov. ; Plate 19, fig. 33, 34; Plate 20, fig. 3-7 Shell having the dimensions and outline of P. ciliata, from which it differs in the character of its ornament. These shells have a narrow slit band and bear two well defined and subequal revolving ridges on the upper surface of the whorls, both of which are knotted by intersection with the concentric elevated lines, the latter being much coarser and fewer than in P. ciliata. On the lower surface of the whorls the concentric lines are quite strong and distant, with intercalated additions near the slit band; these are crossed by five or six revolving lines, but the intersections are not sharply knotted. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very abundant in places in the Styliola limestone. On Canandaigua lake and at Middlesex, Yates co. N. Y. 320 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM BELLERoPHON Montfort. 1808 (sensu stricto) Bellerophon koeneni sp. nov. Plate 17, fig. 12-23 Bellerophon striatus (Ferussac & d’Orbigny) ? Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 23 cf. Bellerophon tuberculatus (Ferussac & d’Orbigny) d’Archiac & de Ver- neuil, Geol. Soc. Lond. Trans. 2. 1842. ser. v. 6, pt 2, p. 353; pt 28, fig. 9 In the publication cited the writer noted the presence in the Styliola limestone of a Bellerophon allied to the well known species of the Rhenish middle Devonic, B. striatus. Additional material acquired since that date indicates that it would prove unsafe to insist on identity in the species here concerned. There are four typical Bellerophons besides B. koeneni which we may specify, all of the same form and bearing surface characters of close similarity but of some difference in combination. These are B. striatus Fer. and d’Orb.,, B. tuberculatus d’Orb. of the Middle Devonic, B. alutaceus d’Orb., lower Upper Devonic, and B. maera Hall of the Chemung. These are all round and compact shells with but slight apertural expansion (in this respect typical Bellerophons), and their ornament consists either of tubercles without concentric striations or of a combination of the two features. Thus B.tuberculatus and B. maera are coarsely and regularly tubercled over all the surface, and in the latter the slit band itself is sometimes broken up into such tubercles. In B. stri- atus the concentric striae make themselves evident in crossing the tuber- cles but not quite to the extinction of the latter. In B: alutaceus the tuberculation is fine and the striae more obscure. In B. koeneni we find in adult stages the tubercles, which are quite coarse, arranged with more or less regularity in rows which converge backward to the slit band; these tubercles are often elongated in the direction of the row, and not infre- quently adjacent ones are fused. Toward the peristome the very faint concentric lines of the body of the shell become more sharply defined as scaly laminae, specially about the umbilicus. The slit band is narrow and bears a succession of thickened festoons directed backward, but which do NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 321 not take on the form of tubercles as in B. maera. In younger stages of this species the tuberculation is relatively finer, and the form of the shell less stout than in the adult condition; and herein is found a very close approach, if not identity of character to the species B. alutaceu s F.A. Roemer from the lower Upper Devonic (Hartz). Ina still earlier growth stage the tubercles are absent, and the surface bears only sharp concentric lines in strong contrast to the ultimate ornament. The aperture is not expanded, but the inner lip is so reflexed as to close the umbilicus and leave a smooth callus over the early part of the final whorl. The callus, however, is.rather thin and is restricted to later growth, so that young shells expose the tubercled surface, and in adult shells broken back the young whorls usually display. some evidence of tuberculation and of the slit band. . Dimenstons. An adult specimen has a diameter laterally across the aperture of 24 mm and vertically of 15 mm. Flabztat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Not uncommon in the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake and at Middlesex, Yates co. A single specimen has been collected from the Naples shales at Plum creek, Himrod’s, Yateés co. Bellerophon denckmanni sp. nov. Plate 17, fig. 24-28 Shell small, spire very narrow, closely enrolled, dorsal surface of whorls sloping from the slit band. Final whorl rather rapidly expanding but not explanate at the aperture. Inner lip slightly reflexed, forming an expansion over the whorl but not always closing the umbilicus. Slit band | prominent, flat, with elevated margins, specially on younger stages, not crossed by concentric lines except near the aperture. Surface’ with con- centric and revolving elevated lines; on the early whorls only the former are well defined and these are stout, subequally distant, bending back along the slit band; the revolving lines appear near the beginning of the final volution, grow stronger with age, while the concentric lines become pro- gressively more obscure, so that in final stages the revolving lines aré most conspicuous but are crossed and cancelated by the concentric lines at increasing intervals. 322 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dimensions. The largest shells of this species measure 4.5 mm in length and about the same in hight (diameter of aperture). This well characterized species bears somewhat the same type of orna- ment of B. leda Hall and other species of the Hamilton fauna which carry expanded aperture and do not properly appertain to Bellerophon in its restricted meaning. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola limestone, Bristol, Ontario co., and at Middlesex, Yates co. puracmostoma Hall. 1861 The history of this name and the reason for employing it may be briefly stated. In the Paleontology of New York, 1847, 1:183, James Hall introduced the name Carinaropsis for a group of bellerophontids from the Trenton limestone. In subsequently discussing this and allied genera,’ he states that the genus was founded on the external characters presented by a few specimens. “These are, the usually attenuated spire, the abruptly expanding body volution, and shallow cavity, giving the shell a patelloid aspect. To this may be. added the character (perhaps not con- stant) of an attenuated carina upon the dorsum.” It is evident that the internal characters of these shells were not known when the genus was erected. Having subsequently received from the Lower Siluric beds of Tennessee and Indiana, specimens bearing the external characters enumer- ated and showing besides a kind of transverse plate or septum on the inner lip, Hall suggested that, in case this latter character was not present in the typical forms of Carinaropsis, these shells be designated by the term Phrag- mostoma, and he proceeded to describe two species of these shells as C. (Phragmostoma) cunulae and C. (P.) cymbula. The original of Carinaropsis however did prove to bear this septum, and hence, so far as this original employment of the term Phragmostoma is concerned, it was synonymous with the former name. The next use of the term was its employment by the same author? for the species we are about to discuss, tN. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 14th An. Rep’t. 1861. p. 93. 2N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 15th An. Rep’t. 1862. p. 60. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 323 P. natator, and here the name is used without qualification. Though here employed for a fossil from the soft Portage or Cashaqua shales which had been determined by Hall in 1843? as Bellerophon expansus? Sow., the name now takes on a new value. The description is a very clear characterization of the species, and it is here cited as from the shales on Cashaqua creek.s Waagen employed the term Phragmostoma,‘ but failed to make a clear generic distinction between that division and Patellostium, then introduced as new, for seamless forms having a greatly expanded flaring aperture. The type species taken for the latter genus was F. Roemer’s Bellerophon macrostoma. De Koninck employed the term Phragmostoma with P. natator as type, which, as observed, is not the original application of the term. Koken likewise has made *In the explanation to plate 6 of this work, Hall referred three of the figures (12-14) to this species which are not P. natator but P. cymbula. (See the correction of this error in Pal. N. Y. v. 5, pt 2, p. 108). 2 Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. p. 244, fig. 3. . 3 It is also stated to occur in the “shales of the Hamilton group in Chenango county.”’ This may either be a locality in the Hamilton beds or in the Ithaca beds, for the fossils of the latter were for years confused with those of the beds below. For ourselves, we have never seen the species from any locality of either formation. The Ithaca (Central Portage) fauna does however contain a species, suggestive of Bell. patulus in general proportions and size, with broadly explanate aperture, but with a definite slit band and a very distinct, flat, unthickened transverse plate across the opening from the inner lip. The cuts on plate 16 show the nature of this septum, its doubly crescentic inner margin and the longitudinal impressed line which divides it medially, forking proximally and probably receiving the inner whorl in the fork. The outer surface apparently bore faint revolving lines in pairs as in Bell. leda of the Hamilton fauna, but these do not always manifest themselves on sculpture casts. Bellerophon leda is devoid of septum or greatly calloused lip. We see no reason for not regarding this species as a genuine Carinaropsis, even though shells of the genus have not been observed before in faunas later than Lower Siluric. This shell is figured under the designation Carina- ropsis ithagenia. 4 Paleontologia Indica. ser. 13. 1880. vt 2, p. 131. 324 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM use of the name, though somewhat vaguely. In 1879 Hall, ‘in rede- scribing Bell. natator abandoned the term Phragmostoma evidently in favor of the Siluric species which he originally called Carinaropsis. E. O. Ulrich in the Paleontology of Minnesota, 1897, V. 3, p. 854, emends Waagen’s Patellostium to include what that author intended by the two terms Patel- lostium and Phragmostoma and suggests that a number of American species pertain. thereto, among others Bell. patulus Hall (Hamilton) and B. natator. Ina papersubmittted for publication in 1892 but not published till 1900,? the writer pointed out the differences in the structure of Patellos- tium and Bell. patulus, both seamless shells with expanded peristomes in the former entire, in the latter broadly emarginate on the outside and transected by a granulose callus on the iuner lip. The latter also has con- centric but no revolving surface lines and narrowly umbilicated whorls. It was there proposed to designate species of the type of B. patulus by the term Ptomatis, of which one species from the Ereré sandstone (P. forbesi) was described. | In a recent paper? Drevermann has described a species as Bell. (Phragmostoma) rhenanus which bears an explanate body whorl with an emarginate outer lip, and fine revolving striae cancelated by con- centric lines, but without any thickening of the inner lip or any transverse septum. It is hence not a Phragmostoma. The species is compared by the author with B. patulus Hall, with which it seems to agree in all essentials, B. patulus however bearing no revolving striae. The author ~-+Pal, N.Y. v. 5, pt 2, p. 108. ?The Palaeozoic Fauna of Para, Brazil: Archivos do Mus. Nac. do Rio de Janeiro, 10:75 (author’s reprint, p. 41). ' 3Die Fauna der Untercoblenzschichten von Oberstadtfelt bei Daun in der Eifel, 1902, [Paleontographica, 49:76] +'I'wo illustrations of the same specimen of B. patulus given in Pal. N. Y. v. 5, pt 2, pl. 22, fig. 20; pl. 26, fig. 12, are misleading in this respect. The specimen has been laterally compressed, and as a result the surface longitudinally wrinkled. Normally the species shows no revolving lines, while the transverse lines take the form of broad unin- ae terrupted festoons. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 325 is in error in stating that Hall ever applied the name Phragmostoma to such shells. In the characters indicated above as peculiar to the Genus Ptomatis, Bell. rhenanus is apparently in accord, except for the presence of revolving surface lines, and it may be quite properly associated with Ptomatis patula and Pt. forbesi. Returning then to the standing of the term Phragmostoma, we may observe that, as in its original use it has proved a synonym of Carinaropsis, it is quite legitimate to employ it for the species B. natator, the only form except those of Carinaropsis to which its author applied the term. As the first and second species ascribed to Phragmostoma belong to another genus, the third (P. natator) will serve as the type species. In this sense we revive and delimit the term. Diagnosts. Shells with short spiral, very broadly expanded peristome, transected on the inner margin by the penultimate whorl, narrow and sharply defined slit band. Surface with revolving lines, sometimes with low lateral carinae. The callus on the inner lip is thick, flattened and angular on its inner edge, and thus has a wedge-shaped appearance, which when under compression appears septiform, but does not make a true septum or transverse plate. Phragmostoma natator Hall Plate 16, fig. — Bellerophon expansus (Sow.?) Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 244, fig. 3 ; Phragmostoma natator Hall, N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 15th An. Rep’t 1862. p. 60 (not pl. 6, fig. 12-14) é Phragmostoma natator Hall, Illustrations of Devonian Fossils. 1876. pl. 23, fig. 12 Bellerophon natator Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v. 5, pt 2, p. 108, pl. 24, fig. 1 Bellerophon natator Clarke, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 52 The original specimen of Bel]. ex pansus Hall was a portion of the aperture and final whorl, the spiral being destroyed, in a quite characteristic style of preservation in the soft Portage shales. That subsequently figured in the Paleontology of New York was a similar fragment stated to be from 326 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the Hamilton shales, and, if the locality record is correct, it is probably from the Ithaca fauna of Chenango county and may be a fragment of our species, Carinaropsis ithagenia. Diagnosis. Shell of medium size. In early growth the whorls are involute, narrow, regularly convex and umbilicate ; inner lip always slightly . calloused; at mature growth the last whorl is abruptly and greatly expanded, the margin of the aperture generally assuming a transversely subcordate outline, the sides approaching anteriorly and the greatest diam- eter of the peristome being back of the middle. The lip is reflected back- ward over the calloused penultimate whorl or may be transected by it. It is this reflection of the inner peristome that closes the umbilicus on the last volution. The callus in the adult condition is developed into a transversely septiform projection, entering the interior cavity. This takes the form of a plate thickened axially both on the upper and under sides and excavated or thin at the sides. The median thickening is pinched together and narrowed and projects farthest. The entire structure when the shell is compressed in the shale gives the impression of a platform similar to that in Carinaropsis, but it is of quite different character. The slit band is narrow with elevated margins; it makes a deep emargination on the outer lip and is clearly defined over the entire final volution, but is seldom visible on young shells. Surface smooth or with only fine lines and festoons concentric to the margin. Dimensions. In an average specimen the aperture has a vertical diam- eter (width) of 18 mm and-a horizontal diameter (hight) of 23 mm. Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very common in_ the soft shales of the lower part of the group at and about Naples and at localities in Livingston county; also on Cashaqua creek. In the eastern region at Bennettsburg and Beaver Dams, Schuyler co. In the Styliola limestone, Canandaigua lake. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART.2 327 Phragmostoma incisum Clarke Plate 16, fig. 7-17 Bellerophon incisus Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 53 Shell having about the proportions of Ph. natator with small con- cealed spire and broadly expanded peristome. The latter however has not the subcordate outline of P. natator with its sloping lateral margins, but is quite regularly elliptic transversely. The final and inner whorls also are depressed on top and have a shouldered appearance, while in the allied species they are more evenly convex. In early stages the shell is umbilicate, but the umbilicus is covered in the final stages of volution by the reflexion of the inner lip. In this species the septiform callus is even more highly developed than in P. natator and has the same contour, thick medially, depressed laterally, the median portion projecting conspicuously inward. The slit band is narrow, well defined on the body whorl and sometimes visible on earlier volutions. It makes but a relatively slight emargination on the outer lip. Surface covered by fine, incised revolving lines, seven or eight on each side of the slit band on the last whorl before apertural expansion begins. These may increase in number outward and become obscure. The seam itself, except in its final stage, may carry one or more of these lines. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. This species is quite as abundant in localities of the soft shale about Naples and in Living- ston county, in the concretions on Honeoye lake and in the Whetstone gully on Conesus lake. It is also present in the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake. Phragmostoma cf. triliratum Hall (sp.) Plate 16, fig. 6 See Bellerophon (Phragmostoma?) tricarinata Hall, Illustrations of Devonian Fossils. 1876. pl. 22 Bellerophon triliratus Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1885. v.5, pt 2, p. 117, pl. 24, fig. 2, 16-19 A single specimen of rather large size shows in part the characters of this species, having the narrow, well defined slit band accompanied on either 328 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM side by a distinct fold which reaches part way across the body whorl and gives a squared outline to the early part of the same whorl. This specimen however shows but very obscure traces of revolving striae, which are given as a characteristic feature of the species. Phragmostomatriliratum is cited from the Chemung fauna of Steuben county, N. Y. FHfabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Hamilton gully, Honeoye lake. Phragmostoma chautauquae sp. nov.. Plate 17, fig. 1-11 cf. Bellerophon striatus (Phil.) Hall,. Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 246, fig. 107, 7 Shell somewhat larger than other species of the genus, with narrow spire rapidly widening to medium broad body and thenceforward abruptly expanding to the aperture, which is scarcely explanate. Dorsum angular, sides sloping thence rather abruptly with a slightly concave surface. Slit band very narrow, often obliterated by slight lateral compression, which changes it to a median keel. The emargination of the anterior edge pro- duced by the slit band is quite deep. The inner lip of the peristome is reflected over the ultimate whorl, and a projecting flattened callus is formed on this surface, not extending however as far into the inner cavity as in the species P. natator and P. incisum. Surface of the adult with only fine regular and crowded concentric growth lines. Young conditions, however, display a quite different style of ornamen- tation. The early whorls are covered with fine revolving elevated striae, which are closely set and traverse the entire surface, covering to obliteration the place of the slit band. These fine lines, with later growth, become interrupted and broken up into series of more or less completely discon- nected: tubercles, which at times press together from adjoining rows. Eventually the arrangement of these tubercles is made more distinct by the appearance of concentric lines, and in this stage the former clearly appear as the result of cancelation of the surface. Meanwhile, with the introduc- tion of the concentric lines, the slit band has come into prominence, the concentric lines looping backward on its surface. Gradually the traces of NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 329 the revolving lines disappear, and the concentric striae become closely crowded, till they alone are apparent in final growth stages on the usually exposed surface of the shell. The species presents thus all stages in the variation of ornamentation; indicates that revolving lines are, in this stock, suggestive of immature conditions and qualifies the value of attempts at generic distinction on the basis of variation in this feature and even in the permanency of the slit band. Umbilication is maintained throughout these early stages, but is lost with the development of mature conditions and the formation of the internal callus. Dimensions. The only specimen observed which affords a clue to the outline of the peristome measures 16 mm in width and 22 mm in hight. Usually only the body of the shell is preserved, many of the specimens indicating larger size than this. Observations. This species is placed with the genus Phragmostoma on account of its explanate peristome and well developed callus, which is hardly septiform but approaches in development that of the typical species. The exterior markings as usually preserved show marked similarity to those of B. nactus Hall of the Chemung fauna, but the latter, so far as we can judge from the type specimens, hardly appertains to the genus Phragmos- toma, the aperture apparently not being expanded, and the slit band making a very deep emargination of the anterior margin extending for fully one half of the final whorl. The original specimen referred to Bellerophon striatus Phillips by Hall, as above cited, seems to represent the proximal portion of the final volution in this species and shows the regular concentric striations. Habitat, Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Common in the soft shales at Forestville, Smith’s Mills, at Correll’s point, Lake Erie, near Brocton and at Silver Creek, Chautauqua co., Cattaraugus creek at Versailles, Cattaraugus co. 330 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM rroprwocyetus De Koninck. 1883 (emend. Clarke. 1899) In the Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 1899, 10:72 (39) * the writer made the following comments on this genus and its allies: In the Proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Sciences (1866, 1:9) the late Mr F. B. Meek introduced the name Tropidiscus for bellerophont shells having the structure of B. curvilineatus Conrad, of the Cornif- erous limestone; that is, lentiform, sharply keeled and deeply involute shells without expanded aperture or peripheral seam and with rather coarse concentric growth wrinkles. The name proved to have been already in use, and in a later publication of the same year? the author emended it to Tropi- dodiscus and regarded a second species, there described as Bellerophon cyrtolites Hall, from the Lower Carboniferous (Kinderhook) limestone, as belonging to the same group. Later, De Koninck rejected Meek’s term on the ground of preoccu- pancy and introduced, to take its place, the name Tropidocyclus,? also adopting B. curvilineatus as the type of the group. This act was not required by any law of nomenclature, and Mr Meek’s name as emended should stand as originally characterized by him. Of the three species which De Koninck referred to his Tropidocyclus, none can be regarded as congen- eric with Conrad’s species. All are small, with broader and more expanding body whorl, narrow umbilici and faint, lateral, revolving furrows, producing a slightly trilobed exterior. The dorsal ridge is seamless, narrow and pronounced, and the surface marked by fine, sharp, concentric, elevated striae which follow the curvature of the peristomal margin, that is, are sinuous on the lateral slopes and make a deep retral subangular curve on the dorsum. The desirability of separating such forms as these from the peculiar B. curvilineatus will, I believe, be admitted by students, and I there- fore propose to adopt De Koninck’s term, restricting it to such species as he described. Of these, T. rotula‘ is the first in order, though I think his T. gratiosuss better exhibits the characteristics of the group. These shells differ from the Devonian species here referred to Bucaniella, in their lateral appression, narrow dorsum, small umbilici and, conspicuously, in the character of their ornamentation. *Molluscos devonianos do estado do Para, Brazil. Geological Survey of Illinois. Pal. 1866. 2: 160. 3Faune du calcaire carbonifére de la Belgique. 1883. pt 4, p. 123. 4Op. cit. pl. 43, fig. 5-8. 5 Op cit. pl. 42 bis. fig. 44-48. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 331 The proper designation for the latter type of shell, if obscured by De Koninck, has been still further embarrassed by the employment of the term Oxydiscus by Koken and by Ulrich for species with a distinctly seamed back, like B. curvilineatus, though by Ulrich the name is made to cover those which are seamless. In the American Devonic, species of this type are very rare, Trop. gilletianus Hartt and Rathbun of the Ereré sandstone (Middle Devonic), Para, and the following, T. hyalina, being the only forms known. Tropidocyclus hyalinus sp. nov. Plate 18, fig. 1-4 Shell small and delicate, coiled in one plane, volutions deeply embrac- ing so that the umbilicus is quite narrow. Whorls rapidly expanding and relatively increasing their dorsoventral diameter; laterally compressed, obcordate in section, rising rather abruptly from the umbilicus to their greatest diameter, thence broadly sloping with slight subdorsal incurvation to a narrow flattened seamless dorsum. On early whorls this section is so modified that the umbilical elevation of the whorl is less and the subdorsal depression greater. The subdorsal depressions are produced by two revolv- ing furrows, which are much more conspicuous in early growth, giving the shell an almost trilobed appearance, but become progressively obsolete with age. The aperture is regular, not expanded, deeply emarginate on the back, while projecting on the sides medially and recurved on the ventral surface. The peristome is not thickened. Surface marked by a series of regular concentric, sharply elevated angular lines and ridges following the curvature of the aperture, and hence having a doubly sigmoidal curve, bending forward and becoming relatively wide apart at the sides, recurving and becoming crowded on the subdorsal depressions and on the dorsum, making a series of deep and narrow lingui- form retral festoons, uninterrupted by revolving lines or other evidence of slit band. 350 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dimensions. This shell rarely exceeds 5 mm in diameter at full growth. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. A rare species observed only as barite replacements in the concretions from Honeoye lake, Livingston co. N. Y. toxonema Phillips. 1841 Loxonema noe Clarke Plate 28, fig. 6-10 Loxonema noe Clarke, U.S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 55, pl. 3, fig. 10 Shell of small size and delicate proportions, terete and slender. Whorls at full growth 13; slightly but regularly convex, becoming more depressed toward the aperture. The incipient shell lies in position normal to the rest of the whorls, and the surface of the first two whorls, which con- stitute. the nepionic shell growth, is smooth. When vertical or concentric ridges begin to appear, they are sharp, almost angular and are at first nearly upright, but on the fourth and fifth whorls begin to show a decided obliquity. After the ninth whorl they manifest a retral curve near the suture, and the course of the ridges becomes broadly sigmoidal. These ridges number, quite uniformly, about 18 for early and late whorls alike, but on the final volutions their regularity is modified by the interspersion between them of finer ridges or the irregular growth of the larger ones, all becoming relatively less conspicuous features of the surface. Finer vertical striae covering these. ridges and the intervening furrows are visible over the later whorls. The suture is short and simple, both whorl surfaces rising there- from with equal convexity. Aperture subcircular or vertically somewhat elongate ; outer lip thin, inner lip not calloused. Columella gently twisted, projacent. Base nonumbilicate. Dimensions. A fully grown shell has a hight of 17 mm, a width at the base of 4mm. These are the normal adult measurements. Observations. This species is at once distinguishable from the forms common in the Hamilton fauna beneath (L. delphicola, L. hamil- toniae) by its uniformly small size, more delicate and slender form and less variable surface characters, It is however freely a descendant of such species. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 333 flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very. common in the soft shales and lime concretions in Ontario and Livingston counties (Naples, Shurtleff’s gully, Whetstone gully, Brigg’s gully, Honeoye lake) ; Havana, Schuyler co. ; also in the Styliola limestone, Canandaigua lake and Middlesex, Yates co. Loxonema multiplicatum sp. nov. Pilate 18, fig. 14 Shell large, suture transverse and deeply impressed, nine whorls visible on a nearly entire specimen. These are subequally convex and are covered with numerous sharp, vertical (concentric) simple ridges, from 20 in number on the early whorls to 4o to 45 on the final volution. These are nearly direct or vertical on the early whorls, but later show a broad recurvature toward the suture and corresponding ecurvature toward the base of the whorl. The ridges remain simple over all the whorls. Dimensions. Length of an entire specimen (nine whorls) 50 mm; width at base 16 mm. Flabetat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales on the banks of the Genesee river at the foot of the upper Portage falls. Loxonema danai sp. nov. Plate 78, fig. 11-13 Shell of larger proportions than L. noe, terete, bearing at full growth 13 whorls, the surface of which is gently convex. Suture deeply impressed and less oblique than in L. noe. Surface almost smooth throughout, only traces of obsolescent vertical striae being visible over the later whorls. Aperture oblique or subcircular, lips not thickened. Dimensions. A normal adult is 26 mm long and 7 mm wide at the base. Flabttat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. Very common in the soft shales at Walnut creek and Terry’s ravine, Forestville. 334 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM - macrocuitina Bayle. 1880 Macrochilina pygmaea sp. nov. Plate 18, fig. 17-19 . This is a minute shell, but has been found frequently, and in all instances its size and proportions are uniform. It has a subpyriform out- line, very short and blunt spiral of three to four volutions, the surfaces of which slope quite obliquely, the suture being but slightly impressed. The body whorl is very large and long, being five or six times the length of the spiral. Its form is obliquely ovoid, extended below, the curve of the sur- face being quite regular. At the aperture more than one half the volution is overlapped. The aperture itself is narrow, elongate, regularly contracted below, and the peristome has a thin outer edge and a somewhat thickened columella beneath. Shell nonumbilicate. Surface quite smooth. Average length 2 to 3 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the concretions on Honeoye lake, and in the Styliola limestone, Canandaigua lake. Macrochilina seneca sp. nov. Plate 18, fig. 15, 16 Shell small, oblique with relatively short spire and broad body whorl. Volutions three, overlapped for about one half their hight, depressed con- vex. Spire not more than one half the hight of the body whorl. The final whorl expands rapidly, becoming convex ovoid and rotund but not ventri- cose, and its aperture is elongate oval. Surface of all whorls covered with fine and obscure concentric growth lines, which are occasionally interrupted by deeper furrows. , Dimensions. The largest of these specimens has a hight of 4 mm, basal width of 3.5 mm. Flabctat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola limestone at Seneca point, Canandaigua lake. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 335 paLarotrocats Hall. 1879 This term was introduced by Professor Hall as an expression of con- viction rather than of demonstration that the paledzoic shells bearing the aspect of the recent Trochus would eventually prove unlike these in some undetermined features. No one has yet brought forward very satisfactory evidence of such differences, though a considerable variety of names has been introduced for the ancient forms which so closely resemble Trochus and Turbo. Therefore the term Palaeotrochus still serves only to indicate a presumptive distinction. The name was applied to a shell of very different aspect from that here described, and, in the event of the establish- ment of a subordinate division of these genera, it would be probably found necessary to restrict Palaeotrochus (P. kearnyi Hall, Onondaga. lime- stone) to exclude such shells as P. praecursor. In the original descrip- tion of the latter I employed the generic term with the same reservation as now. Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke Plate 19, fig. 17 -26 Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 55, pl. 3, fig. 6-9 Shell of moderate size, turbinate or trochiform, whorls five to six, with early volutions convex, while the final whorl is often obliquely flattened and depressed beneath. The hight of the aperture is five eighths that of the shell. Apical angle about 80°. Suture impressed, whorls overlapped for more than one half their hight. Aperture subcircular or slightly elongate vertically, outer lip thin, entire, inner lip excavated without callosity, but forming a smooth subspiral surface depressed medially and thickened at the inner and outer edges. Shell nonumbilicate. Surface covered with beadlike tubercles arrayed in spiral rows. In adult shells there are from 10 to 15 of these rows, of which that nearest the suture is most conspicuous and composed of the largest tubercles. This row is separated from the suture by an impressed or flattened area. Another strong row occurs at the periphery of the whorl. These tubercles 336 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM frequently present the aspect of being elevated vertically or in the direction of the spiral. They are separated by smooth furrows in which, as they become wider, new lines of tubercles develop, specially in later growth stages. Tubercles and furrows are alike crossed by very fine oblique con- centric striae, which occasionally become bunched together. On the very early, one to three whorls, these concentric lines were sharp and distant oblique ridges with no other ornament, thereon followed the introduction of uninterrupted but strongly cancelated spiral ridges which gradually break up into tubercles. In respect to ornament we may therefore note four well defined stages, (1) embryonic, in which the shell (protoconch) is smooth, (2) one to two and one half whorls, in which the ornament consists of oblique ridges directed backward to the periphery (the character of the periphery at this stage is not known, (3) two and one half to three and one half whorls, in which continuous revolving ridges strongly cancelated by the oblique ridges are introduced, and (4) the normal adult condition of ridges broken up into disconnected parts or bands of tubercles. Dimensions. Average full grown specimens have a hight of 10 to 12 mm, a width across the base of 8 to 10 mm. Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Very common in the soft shales through Yates, Ontario and Livingston counties. Also on the Genesee river at the lower Portage falls and on Buck run near Mount Morris. Chautauqua subprovince: near the eastern boundary of this region the shell has been found in some abundance at Java Village, Wyoming co. as fine barite replacements, at Cattaraugus creek near Ver- sailles, Cattaraugus co., and also on the Lake Erie shore between Irving and Dunkirk. The species has also been found to range high in the Genesee valley, reappearing after the first introduction of the Chemung fauna with Spirifer disjunctus (Scott’s ravine, Fillmore, Allegany co.) and also in the brachiopod fauna (Westhill flags) above the Naples fauna in the Naples section and eastward in the Seneca lake meridian. It likewise occurs above the horizon bearing the Naples fauna, near Deer Park, Garrett co. Md. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 337 cattonema Hall. 1879 Callonema filosum sp. nov. Plate x8, fig. 5 - Shell small, with spire tapering abruptly from a broad base. Whorls four to five, convex, but the earlier ones are rounder on their exposed sur- faces than the last, which presents an even, slightly rounded slope from suture to base. The shell is broadest across the base, which is depressed or flattened, making a low rounded angle about the periphery. The surface markings consist of regular, sharp, subequal and continuous oblique lines concentric with the aperture. These are elevated, rounded, separated by grooves of less width and are present on all except the earliest whorls. There is no intersecting ornament and no trace of slit band. The specific characters are quite in harmony with the species already ascribed to the genus Callonema, though these are from the fauna of the Onondaga lime- stone. Direct comparison may be made with the shell described by Hol- zapfel as Holopella decheni* from Martenberg, Westphalia. Dimensions. The single specimen observed has a hight and basal diameter of 5 mm. ffabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales at Smith’s Mills, Chautauqua co. praPHorostoma Fischer. 1887 Diaphorostoma (Naticopsis) rotundatum sp. nov. Plate 19, fig 11-13 Shell very rotund and highly convex, subspherical ovoid. Spire small, consisting of three whorls, and so greatly depressed as to be but very slightly raised above the upper plane of the final whorl; greatly overlapped, probably for fully two thirds their hight. Suture not impressed. Whorls very rapidly expanding both in hight and width. Aperture attaining almost the full hight of the shell. The body whorl is slightly flattened above, slopes rapidly outward and attains its greatest diameter at about one third 2 Die Goniatitenkalke von Adorf in Waldeck, p. 25, pl. 5, fig. 3. 338 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM its distance from the suture; thence it recurves more gradually. Surface bearing only very fine concentric growth lines which may be almost obso- lete on the later parts of the shell. Dimensions. But a single example of this characteristic shell has been seen. This has a hight of 7 mm and a diameter across the body whorl of 9 mm. This shell may in form and proportions well be compared with Natica adorfensis Holzapfel* which is a similarly rotund shell, though larger and with slightly more elevated spire. Habitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. In the soft shales on Big Sister creek, Angola, Erie co. Diaphorostoma pugnus sp. nov. Plate 19, fig. 15, 16 Shell of fairly large size, having the general aspect of the well known Hamilton species D.'lineatum Conrad. Volutions 3, rapidly expanding, spire depressed, suture not deeply impressed. Final whorl ventricose. Outer lip thin, inner lip somewhat callused. Entire surface smooth, that is covered by closely crowded concentric striae, which show a decided retral curve at the periphery and indicate a notch on the aperture. These striae are crossed by faint revolving striae of unequal size. Diameter of the shell across the top 28 mm. fTabitat. Genesee province; Chautauqua subprovince. The type specimen, a flattened shell, is from the shales at Fox’s point, Lake Erie, and was found attached to a calyx of Melocrinus. Another specimen hav- ing about the characters here described has been obtained from the Melo- crinus bed above the Styliolia limestone in Blacksmith gully, Bristol, Ontario co. (Naples subprovince). * Loc. cit. pl. 5, fig. 5. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 339 prorocatyprragca Clarke. 1894 This genus was introduced! for conical, crepiduliform shells in which the apical spire is exposed, but beyond this no trace of the suture appears on the exterior except on sculpture casts, the concealed part of the whorls being represented in the interior by a spirally revolving and expanding plate. The only representatives of this structure now known are the two species here described, P. styliophila and P’ marshalli, and prob- _ably the Capulus galeroides Clarke from the corresponding horizon (Ibergerkalk) at Riibeland in the Hartz.’ Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke Plate 19, fig. 7-9 Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke, o. cit. p. 334 Shell conic, erect, circular at base; apical angle about 50°. Spire exposed at the apex for one to two volutions, thenceforward on the shell the only trace of volution is a low depression running along the suture. Internal spiral plate (lower surface of whorls) flat, expanding, extending one fourth the distance across the internal cavity. Surface marked by very fine concentric lines. Dimensions. The original specimen has a hight of 12 mm, an aper- tural diameter of 14 mm. flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Rare in the Styliola limestone ; Genundewa, Canandaigua lake. Protocalyptraea marshalli Clarke Plate 19, fig. 1-6 Protocalyptraea marshalli Clarke, of. cit. p. 334 Shell conic, apical angle somewhat larger than in the preceding species. Apical whorls exposed for one and one half volutions, and in compressed t American species of Autodetus and some paramorphic shells from the Devonic (Am. Geologist. 1894. 13: 328). ° Fauna d. Ibergerkalkes. Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral. Beilbnd 3. 1884. p. 343, pl. 5, fig. 12. 340 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM sculpture casts from the shales the suture shows as a fine line over the rest of the surface. Exterior marked by obscure concentric lines. A small uncompressed specimen .from the limestone concretions has a hight of 5 mm, apertural diameter of 6% mm. An example from the shales which is compressed has a diameter of 23 mm and a hight of 10 mm. These shells are rare; further knowledge of them may prove that they are specifically identical with P. styliophila. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the soft shales at Naples and the concretions at Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake. PTEROPODA PROTOSPIRIALIS Zen. NOv. Protospirialis minutissima Clarke Plate 20, fig. 15-19 Platyostoma ? minutissima Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 55. This minute and tenuous shell has the aspect of a small Platyostoma (Diaphorostoma). Its apex is minute, its whorls:expand very rapidly and are not more than three or four in number. All are convex, the spire short, the body whorl very ventricose, the aperture subcircular, outer lip thin, inner lip slightly reflected, scarcely covering the umbilicus. The surface is smooth or with the fine concentric lines usual to Platyostoma. Almost without exception the shells present the same proportions, measuring about 1.5mm in hight and width, never exceeding this size and rarely falling below it. These delicate and diminutive shells occur in immense numbers at cer- tain spots in the Naples section. In the concretionary goniatite layer lying near the lower part of the shales, in Parrish gully, and at its exposures in the Naples valley near Branchport, Yates co., they are accumulated in mil- lions, rivaled only in number by individuals of the pteropod Styliolina fissurella, with which they are associated, and in places compose the rock. They occur in like abundance in the separated concretions every- where through the Naples subprovince. Their nature and mode of occur- NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 341 rence, together with their association with this pelagic fauna, lead me to suspect their pteropod nature, while their pelagic character is evident. The spiral shells of living pteropods are believed to be all sinistrally coiled (Spirialis, Valvatella, etc.), but this consideration can not be given great weight in determining the point in hand. For these reasons, I have given these fossils a generic term which indicates their probable affinities. ayouiruus Eichwald. -1840 Hyolithus neapolis. Clarke Plate 20, fig. 22-30 Hyolithes neapolis Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. p. 56, pl. 3, fig. 4, 5 This species has the elongate triangular form characterizing H. aclis Hall of the Hamilton fauna, but is well distinguished from this and other species of like proportions in the following particulars. The flat or ventral side bears only fine sculpture lines concentric with the surface and no trace of radial lines. The convex side is distinctly subdivided into three parts, two flattened marginal areas each extending one fourth the diameter of the shell and separated from the median area by narrow grooves. The median area is convex and arched. This subdivision of the surface is however but slightly apparent in uncompressed specimens. Concentric lines cross the flattened areas, but on the median division these are raised into strong wrinkles which corrugate the surface. There is no trace of radial lines. - Dimensions. Average specimens attain a length of about 25 mm and an apertural width of 8 mm. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. Common in the shales at Naples, also in the concretions on Honeoye lake. Chautauqua subprovince. A single small individual has been found in the shales at Forestville. The species also occurs in the Wiscoy shales on Wiscoy creek, 342 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM stytronina Karpinsky Styliolina fissurella Hall Tentaculites fissurella Hall, Geology of New York; rep't on fourth district, 1843. p. 182. Styliola fissurella Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1879. v. 5, pt 2, p. 178, pl. 31A, fig. 1-30 Styliola (Styliolina) fissurella Clarke, U. S. Geol. Sur. Bul. 16. 1885. Y- 14-17, 57 In the work last cited I have referred to the vast abundance of this little pteropod, which constitutes the mass of the Styliola or Genundewa limestone, and permeates the kramenzel Goniatite limestone above and all concretionary and nodular masses in the formation. It is rarer in the shale beds, but at times their surfaces are crowded with these needlelike bodies. The character of these deposits has been discussed on a preceding page, and the presence of these fossils in mass constitutes one of the striking features of the black mud facies of this fauna wherever found. Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall, Paleontology of New York. 1879. v. 5, pt 2, p. 173, pl. 31, fig. 12, 13; pl. 31A, fig. 37-47 This species, characterized by low, distant annulations and fine radial lines, occurs occasionally in association with Styliolina fissurella. Karpinsky* regards the species as synonymous with Tent. acuarius Richter. It is undeniably identical with T. multiformis Sandb. from the Cypridina shales of Weilmiinster.’ Flabitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In the Styliola limestone on Canandaigua lake and the concretions in the gray shales at Naples. ‘Die foss. Pteropoden am Ostabhange d. Urals. Acad. St Petersbourg. Mem. Ser. 7. 1884. Vv. 32, no. I, p. Verstein. des Rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. p. 249, pl. 21, fig. 11. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 343 Tentaculites tenuicinctus F. A. Roemer Plate 20, fig. 20, 2x Tentaculites tenuicinctus F. A, Roemer, Beitr. 1 zur geol. Kenntniss d. nordw. Harzgebirges. 1850. p. 28, pl. 4, fig. 19 Tentaculites tenuicinctus Sandberger, Verstein. des rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. 1850-56. p. 250, pl. 21, fig. 13 Very slender and delicate, elongate, gradually tapering tubes closely and regularly annulated by concentric, narrow, elevated rings with.narrower interspaces. The rings run almost to the tip of the shell, and in the later growth of the ‘tubes there are about 20 in the length of 1 mm, the length of an average shell being 4-5 mm and the diameter at the larger end -about .3mm. No longitudinal lines are visible. This species is smaller and much more slender than any American. species known to me, T. spiculus expanding more rapidly and having more distant rounded annulations with concentric lines on the intervals. It is without distinguishing characters from the German species which was described from the Intumescens horizon at Riibeland in the Hartz moun- tains and occurs at various localities of this fauna. Habitat. Genesee province; Naples subprovince. In sandy concre- tions at Naples. 344 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SOME ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF THIS FAUNA Entomis serratostriata. Sandberger Cypridina serrato striata Sandberger, Leonhardt & Bronn’s Jahrb. 1842. p. 226. Cypridina serratostriata Sandberger, Verstein. des rhein. Schichtensyst. in Nassau. 1850-56. p. 4, pl, *; fig, 2a-i Entomis serratostriata Jones, ane & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1890. p. 320, pl. ri, fig. 1, 2 Very dhariereristic specimens of this species, though few in number, have -been found in the soft shales at Union Corners, Livingston co., associated with E, variostriata, Chiloceras sp. and Posi- ; donia mesacostalis. * Fig.r2 Entomis serra- . tostriata Union ‘ Cor- ners N.Y.” Entomis variostriata Clarke Entomis variostriata Clarke, Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineral. 1884. p. 184, pl. 4, fig. 3 Entomis variostriata Jones, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1890. p. 323, pl. 11, fig. 5-8 7 cf. Cypridina splendens Waldschmidt, Zeitschr, der deutsch. geolog. Ges- ellsch. 1885. 37: 926, pl. 40, fig. 6, 6a This species was described from Bicken, Westphalia, and the species termed at later date Cypridina splen- dens by Waldschmidt seems to be identical with it. Specimens indistinguishable from the Bicken examples, in Mig.13 Entomis size, outline and ornament occur sparsely in the soft shales variostriata Union CornersN-Y- at Union Corners, Livingston co. (Naples subprovince). Chiloceras sp. 1 The presence of this genus is indicated by the fragment here figured which shows one half the outer course of the suture. While we have no other clue to the existence of the genus in New York waters, in the German and Polish sections Chiloceras indicates pretty constantly a horizon intermediate between the Intumescens limestone Fig. 14 Sen Union Corners below and the Clymenia horizon above. PLATE D Williams MELOCRINUS CLARKEI (Hall) Canandaigua Lake NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 345 The specimen is from Union Corners (Naples subprovince) in associa- tion with the preceding species. Gephyroceras cf. domanicense Holzapfel See Gephyroceras domanicense Holzapfel, Mémoires du comité geolo- gique. 1899. v. 12, no. 3, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 8, 9, 11, 13 This comparison is purely a suggestion of identity based on externals. Specimens which have come into our hands since the preparation of the account of the goniatites of this fauna, indicate a Gephyroceras of exterior strikingly similar to the shell cited. This is expressed in the course of the finely undulated concentric ornament, the striae being clustered into eleva- tions which form distant, low pilae (¢f Holzapfel’s fig. 8). The whorl is depressed lenticular with concave, peripheral grooves, broad, concave venter with elevated edges. As we know nothing yet of the suture, this com- parison remains inadequate, but there is little likelihood of wide depar- Fig.15 Gephyroceras cf domanicense Forestville N. Y. ture herein from the typical Gephyroceran suture. The New York species is somewhat more closely umbilicated than the Timan shell. [See p.379] The specimens are all from the Angola shales at Forestville (Chautau-, qua subprovince) associated with Loxopter ia dispar, Euthydesma subtextile, Praecardium vetustum etc. 346 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Note on Tornoceras cinctum Keyserling Goniatites cinctus Keyserling, Verhandl. d. kais. russ, mineral. Gesellsch. 1844. p. 227, pl. A, fig. 2, 3 Goniatites cinctus Keyserling, Reise in das Petschora- land. 1846. p. 277, pl. 12, fig. 2, 3 Tornoceras cinctum Holzapfel, Das obere Mitteldev. im rhein. Gebirge. 1897. “p. go, pl. 6, fig. 12; pl. 7, fig. 4; pl. 8, fig. 8 Tornoceras cinctum Holzapfel, Mémoires du Comité geologique. 1899. p. 16, pl. 9, fig. 2-6 Hall described Torn, bicostatum in 1843 Fig. 6 Tornoceras bi: [Rep't Fourth Dist. p. 245.] This species and Torn. costatum, somewhat . enlarged, Correll’s point, C1 Ctum are apparently identical in mature characters, Lake Erié. though their ontogeny may prove them to hold succes- sive rather than coequal relations. The adjoining figure is given to express the aspect of Torn. bicostatum when uncompressed. Melocrinus clarkei (Hall) Williams Original description.» The shape of the calyx can not be determined on account of the crushed condition of the specimens, but the shape and number of the plates agree so well with those of M. bainbridgensis H. & W., that it is probable that the shape was the same, i. e. broadly turbinate. In size, also, the calyx agrees well with that species. No underbasals appear. The basals are low, wide and pentagonal. The radials are more than double the size of the basals, in hight and width equal, or wider than high. The variation in the shape of this plate, in the several specimens on the one slab, covers the extremes met with_in the two species, M. bainbridgensis and M. breviradiatus. The radial is followed by two brachials of smaller size, the first hex- agonal, the second pentagonal and angular above, and each is about equal in hight and width. | _’ The second brachial supports two arm plates (still within the calyx), nearly as large as the brachials, irregularly pentagonal and meeting at their inner edges. Of the secondary radials, three are within the calyx, the second is about half as high as wide, the third is very short. The third pair of secondary *H. S. Williams. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Proc. 1882. p. 31. ' oY] ensrepueueg SUIT (tH) IAMUVIO SONINOOTAN ad aLvId NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 347 radials together bear a strong arm, gradually tapering to a point, about. three times the length of the calyx. It is broad, flattened on the back and longitudinally depressed along the center, and is composed of a double series of very short plates, meeting at the center and arranged in opposite (not alternate) order. On the outer and ventral side the arm bears long, slender, cordlike branchlets, which appear to have fine threadlike appendages along their sides. In the central part of the arm these branchlets are as long as the arm itself. They proceed from every third arm plate, instead of every fourth, as in M. bainbridgensis, and the plates from which they appear are opposite each other, and their outer sides are lengthened slightly. The interradials are apparently like those of M. bainbridgensis, beginning with a large plate-between the upper parts of two adjacent radials, followed above by two smaller plates, and these by more, still smaller plates, the number or arrangement of which is not uniform. The calyx plates are marked by granulations over the central portion, are rounded at the margins, which in some cases are elevated slightly above the central part of the plate, causing a depression, as in M. bainbridg- ensis; other plates (even on the same specimen) are convex, as in M. breviradiatus. The rows of fine ridges, connecting the calyx plates at their juncture, are very distinct in some cases, and do not appear in others. The former is a character of M. breviradiatus, The stems are composed of alternately thin and thick plates the rela- tive order, or proportions, of which are not constant, even varying on the same stem when preserved for long distance. This species is closely related to Melocrinus bainbridgensis Hall & Whitfield, 1875, from the Huron shale, Bainbridge O., and to M. breviradiatus Hall (figured on a plate of “ New Crinoidea, plate 1,” which was published, with explanation of plates, in 1872), from the Ham- ilton group. : The study of the specimens (all on a single slab), from which the above diagnosis is made out, has revealed the fact that apparently all the charac- ters distinguishing the two species just named are variable in those speci- mens. The arms must be excepted; none are known for M. breviradi- atus, and those described for M. bainbridgensis were not found attached to any calyx. . While, therefore, we retain a distinct specific name for the specimens under consideration, we are led to believe that examination of a larger series of specimens may make it necessary to unite these three species in one. This species is interesting for its abundance in a thin limestone layer of the Genesee, which lies close above the Genundewa limestone, and con- 348 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tinues for considerable distances in Ontario county. On the sea bottom represented by this layer grew an immense plantation of these crinoids, arid, wherever it is exposed horizontally, they are strixingly displayed. The species also occurs in the Cashaqua shales at Naples. The illustra- tions here given are from the original slab found about 1870 by the writer's father, Noah T. Clarke, for whom the specific name was given by Prof. James Hall. These are the first illustrations of the species. In many respects the species is like Melocrinus of the Intumescens zone described by Fraipont, Trenkner, v. Koenen, Clarke and others. We have found in considerable quantity remains of a Melocrinus in the lower shale beds (Angola shale) at Fox’s point, Lake Erie; but this appears to be distinct from Melocr. clarkei of the Naples subprovince. Scytalocrinus ornatissimus Hall (sp.) Cyathocrinus ornatissimus Hall, Geology of New York; rep’t on fourth dist. 1843. p. 247, fig. 108 The illustration accompanying the original account of this species represented a splendid calyx with gracefully curving column and fine sweep of arms. So effective and striking was this design that it was selected as the hall-mark for some of the earlier volumes of the geologic reports, being imprinted on the cover. Some years ago I elicited from Professor Hall the statement that this drawing was a composite design from many fragments in which all the parts represented were not actually shown and that some of this material on which the figure was based had been in the possession of a collector who subsequently made over his collection to Williams College. In later years we have found many evidences of this species from the vicinity of its original locality (Lake Erie shore, town of Portland) recog- nized by the peculiar sculpturing of the columns, but no calyxes have been seen. At my urgent request Prof. H. F. Cleland has made a careful search of the collections under his charge at Williamstown and has found the speci- men here figured, a calyx with-arms and column, on the surface of a thin block made up of fragments of columns, the specimen bearing the label in PLATE F PEPE EE ERERETET Pra PACE} es e Fl 9 ESE Sees tithe Sores SCYTALOCRINUS ORNATISSIMUS Hall (sp) The type specimen somewhat enlarged, with details of structure; at the left, segments of the column, next, the shieid-shaped and keeled pinnule segments shown in smaller scale to the right; columnar segments without ornament at the right. if NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 349 Professor Hall’s characteristic hand, ““C yathocrinus ornatissimus.” This I think we may with propriety regard the type of the species. The specimen is remarkable specially for the structure of its pinnules which are constituted of series of flattened keeled plates. I am indebted to Mr Frank Springer for the following comments on the species: “ Your figure represents an extremely interesting and remarkable crinoid. The arms are more ponderous than in any related generic form from the same or equivalent formation. The long and closely packed pinnules with their keeled elevations on the dorsal side, look very much like those of the subcarboniferous Actinocrinidae. However they spring from cuneiform brachials of uniserial arms, such as pertain generally to the earlier Inadu- nata, to which division this crinoid belongs. From the characters exhibited I think it may be safely assigned to the genus Scytalocrinus.” 350 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTUMESCENS FAUNA OUTSIDE OF NEW YORK A very notable feature of the Upper Devonic deposits of the conti- nent of Europe is the clearness of its subdivision by facies. This is specially appertinent to the ammonitoid* faunas, and it is indeed essentially on these that this subdivision has been elaborated. This facial division, so far as based on the ammonoids, is quite generally regarded as sequential in time rather than an expression of geographic variants, unlike the varia- tions in facies represented by the Naples, Ithaca and Oneonta faunas of Portage time in New York. Encroachments are recognized of indicial ammonoids into contemporaneous areas of brachiopod and coral growth, as in the case of Manticoceras intumescens in the Iberg reef lime- stone at various sections. Throughout the succession positive time values attach to leading species, though such species are not restricted to their climacteric horizon. We shall presently advert to the considerable disturb- ance in the New York province of the chronologic values of such of those Eurasian species or their allies as are represented here. Spirifer dis junctus in the continental sections ranges from the upper Middle Devonic into the Culm<; it is found as a member of the Cuboides zone, a straggler into the true ammonoid facies of the Intumescens zone, but still its climacteric is in the brachiopod facies of this and the succeeding stages. Herein the acme of the species both in Eurasia and America is quantiva- lent, though in the latter it does not precede the Intumescens zone, while recent investigations * indicate that it may ascend, as in Europe, into strata which may properly be construed as Carbonic. To bring this facies devel- opment of the Eurasian Upper Devonic before the eye, we present the fol- lowing tabulation, compiled from various authors, with the help afforded by *The German writers frequently apply the term fe/agice to this association, but prob- ably this term is, as we have before observed, not fully justified. _ ?The Culm is now regarded by Holzapfel and others as a deeper water facies of the Coal Measures rather than a subsidiary member of the Carbonic. The presence of Spirifer disjunctus in strata subsequent to the introduction of the Carbonic fauna is noted by Drevermann. 7 3 See N. Y. State Pal. Rep’t 1901. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 351 Kayser’s most useful compendium of stratigraphy* and Frech’s amplifica- tions of Roemer’s Lethaea Palaeozozca.* Ln these tables horizons of the intumescens fauna are in roman SOUTH DEVON BRITTANY CABRIERES Cypridina shales, red and green. Entomis ser- Tatostriata, /Ent. sandbergeri, Ent. gyrata, Posidonia venusta Adorf limestone with Man- ticoceras intumes- cens Massive limestones utth Hy- pothyris cuboides, Pugnax pugnus, ete. t Rostellec dark shales with Entomis” serrato- striata, Tentaculites tenuistriatus, Posi- donia venusta, Chi- loceras verneuili Cypridina shales Clymenia limestone Chiloceras horizon Horizon of Mantic. in- tumescens BELGIUM AACHEN EIFEL Condroz psammites with Spt r- tfer disjunctus, Pha- cops granulatus, land plants (Palacopteris, Sphe- nopterts, Lepidodendron) ; adictyosponges: D. moritni, Hydnoceras barrotsi, HI. feumontense, Rhav- dostspongia conarozt- an ; 3 fishes (Holoptychius, ete. Famenne schists with Sp. di s- Junctus,Pugnax pug- nus,P.acuminatus, En- tomis serratostriata * Geologische Formationskunde. Micaceous sandstones and green shales with Spir. disjunctus, Pugnax pugnus, Cyrtia mur- chisoniana Beds with Chiloceras verneuili ed. 2. 1902. Greenish shales with Ento- mis serratostriata 2 Besides the authorities cited, works of the following writers have been consulted in the construction of this tabulation, Barrois, Gosselet, Holzapfel, Beushausen, Denckmann, Koch, Tschernyschew, Waldschmidt, ‘Toll, De Koninck, Giirich, Whidborne. 352 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM BELGIUM AACHEN EIFEL Matagne schists; dark shales with limestone _ banks. Buchiola retrostri- ata, Bactrites, Mantic. intumescens, Tor- noc. simplex Frasne limestones and shales. Hypothyris cuboides, Pugnax pugnus, Sp. disjunctus, gastropods, lamellibranchs, corals, trilo- bites Black fissile shale with Buch. retrostriata Dark clay shales and concre- tronary limestones. Sp. a1 s- junctus, Hypothyris cubotdes, ete. TLor- noc. simplex, Phillipsas- traea, ete. Kellwasser limestone: black bituminous shales and limestones with Buch. angulifera, small goni- atites, Ceratiocaris (Echi- nocaris ?), fish remains Biidesheim goniatite dark shales and limestones with small pyritized goniatites (Mantic. intumes- cens var. Torn. sim- plex, auris, Bactrites gracilis, etc.) Dolomitic schists with Hy- poth.cubotdes, Sp. dis- junctus, Mantic in- tumescens, Torn, stm- plex : SAUERLAND, DILL BASIN AND WESTPHALIA Cypridina shales (red, green, gray); Ento- mis serratostriata, Posidonia venusta, Phacops anophthalmus Péns sandstone with rill marks and mud cracks (plant remains) . Clymenia limestone; gray and reddish kra- menzel. Clymenia striata, undu- lata, speciosa, subarmata (forms with complicated suture); C.annulata, flexuosa, angustiseptata (with simple suture); Chiloceras plani- lobus, curvispina, subpartitum, Sporadoceras muensteri, Lox- opteria dispar, L. laevis, Posi- donia venusta, Buch. retrostri- ata, palmata, Euthydesma bey- richi, Praecardium vetustum var. clymeniae, Tiaraconcha rugosa Nehden shales with Chiloceras vern- euili, curvispina, subpartitum, planilobus, Tornoe. circum- flexum Praecardium vetustum, Loxopteria dispar NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 353 SAUERLAND, DILL BASIN AND WESTPHALIA Adorf limestone ; gray, red, platten and con- cretionary ‘limestone. Mantic. intu- mescens, primordiale, carina- i tum, Beloc. multilobatum, kay- seri, Tornoc. simplex, paucistri- atum, Gephyr. calculiforme, aequabile, forcipifer, Bactrites subflexuosus, Orthoceras vitta- tum, Loxonema piliger, tenui- costatum, arcuatum, Macrochi- lina dunkeri, Pleurotomaria angulata, globosa, tenuilineata, Buchiola retrostriata, palmata, Praecardiumduplicatum, Euthy- desma beyrichi,Loxopteria ru- gosa, Lunulicardium bickense, inflatum, concentricum, muel-. leri, adorfense, Cardiola articu- lata, subradiata, concentrica, Tentaculites tenuicinctus Kellwasser limestone (see Eifel). (?) Horizon of Prolecanites Lberg limestone with Inthe Wildungen sec- Hypothyris cu- boides, Pugnax pugnus, Spir. disjunctus, ete. gastropods, lamelli- tion the lowest beds are dark shales with Liorhynchus, small goniatites (Torn- ocerassimplex branchs, trilobites, Manticoceras) ete. UPPER HARTZ a EASTERN ALPS POLAND Cypridina shales with En to- mis serratostriata, Posidonia venusta, Loxopteria dispar. Psiarnia beds with Cly me- nia levigata, annu- lata, undulata, Posi- doniavenusta, Bran- coceras sulcatum Clymenia limestone with Cly. laevigata, stri- ata, undulata, etc., Posidonia venusta Clymenia limestone. Cly- menia levigata, un- dulata, striata, Torno- ceras, Chiloceras, Bran- coc. sulcatum, Spo- rad. bronni, Posidonia venusta, Loxopteria rugosa, dispar, Prae- cardium, Cardiola ar- 354 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM UPPER HARTZ EASTERN ALPS POLAND ticulata, Euthydesma, Buchiola angulifera, prumiensis, palmata, retrostriata, Ento- mis sérratostriata Adorf limestone. Entomis serratostriata, Tor- noc.simplex, Mantic. intumescens, Gephy- roc. calculiforme, Beloc.multilobatum, kayseri, Tentacu- lites tenuicinctus, Loxopteria rugosa, Posidonia cf. hians, Cardiola inflata, concentrica, bicken- sis, Euthydesma, Buchi- ola angulifera, pri- miensis, palmata, re- trostriata, Lunuli- cardium koeneni Goniatite Kellwasser limestone with Buch. angulifera, Tentac.tenuicinctus Dark shale berg limestone. with Tor- Reef lime- noc. sim- stone with plex,Man- Mantic. ticoceras, intumes- Gephyro- cens, Hy- ceras, Bac- pothyris trites, Ten- cuboides, tac.tenu- gastropods! icinctus, brachiopods ! Styliolina, corals ! Pleuroto- mariatur- binea, Buchiola prumien- sis, Lunuli- cardium Lberg limestone. Reef facies with Hypothyris cu- botdes, Pugnax pug- nus, corals! Lagow limestone with C hil- oceras sacculus, Sporadoceras bron- ni, Branc. lenti- forme, Bactrites, Praecardium vetus- tum, Tornoceras simplex (Elsewhere, Kadzielnia, Kirchhofs- berg, brachiopod and coral facies) limestone with Manticoceras intu- mescens, Gephyro- ceras calculiforme, Torn. auris, sim- plex, Tentaculites tenuicinctus, Buch- lola retrostriata, shales with Entomis serratostriata Coral reef Iimestone with Hypothyris cubotdes NAPLES FAUNA IN.WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 355 URALS WEST SLOPE EAST SLOPE SOUTHERN EXTENSION r tomis ata Clymenia limestone. Cly- menia,annulata, flex- uosa, krasnopolskii, Tornoc. simplex, Chiloc. verneuili, Pugnax acuminata, Schizophoria stria- tula ° Lberg limestone with coral reef facies, Tentac. tenui- cinctus, Mantic. in- tumescens, ammon, Tornoc. simplex, Bactrites carinatus, subflexuosus, Buch- iola retrostriata, Pleurotomaria kolt- ubanica, Cardiola concentrica Brachiopod limestone with Hypothyris cuboides Cypridinia shales with En- serratostri- Clymenia limestone Brachtopod limestone Hypo. cuboides Shales with Clymenia undulata, angusti- septata, levigata, dunkeri, speciosa, Sporadoceras muen- steri Limestone with Tornoc. simplex, Bactrites carinatus, ‘Hy po- thyris cuboides, Spirifer etc. with TIMAN (PETSCHORAI AND) ‘ALTAI Sandstone with Spirifer disjunctus Domanth shales; black bituminous shales with interbeddéd limestones. Tornoc. simplex, cinctum, Mantic. intu- mescens, ammon, retrorsum, backlundi, Gephyroc. bisulca- tum, tschernyschewi, regale, domanicense, uralicum, auri- tum, uchtense, keyserlingi, le- bedeffi, syrjanicum, Timanites acutus,stuckenbergi, Prolecan- ites timanicus, Bactrites sub- flexuosus, Gomphoceras, Phragmoc- eras, Orthoceras Clay shale with Spirifer anossoft, Rhyn. meyendorfft, etc. Corals Gerichowsk limestone 356. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM We have already had occasion to note the indications of the Intumes- cens fauna in the regions of western North America. These are: BRITISH COLUMBIA IOWA HAY RIVER CERRO GORDO CO, Manticoceras intumescens_ with} Lime Creek shales with Manticoceras Hypothyris cuboides, Schizo- intumescens, Pugnax pugnus, phoria striatula, Pugnax pug- Spir. disjunctus, Stroph. arcu- nus, Spir. disjunctus ata and other species common to the (Horizons not differentiated) fauna of Highpoint, Naples, which is stratigraphically equivalent to the Port- age sandstones RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE CHAUTAUQUA AND NAPLES SUBPROVINCES To bring into comparison the fauna of the. Genesee province with the most carefully studied sections in the Rhineland, Westphalia, the Hartz and Timan, we give in the following tables the variation in the composition of the subfaunas in their typical or best developed manifestation, the two subprovinces of New York. VERTICAL RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE LAKE ERIE SECTION (CHAUTAUQUA, SUBPROVINCE) At top Laona sandstone with Spirifer disjunctus and the brachio- pod fauna of the Chemung; equivalent to Long Beards riffs sandstone, Genesee valley. Portland shales and flags Stratigraphic equivalent of Wiscoy shales and Portage sandstone in Genesee section, of Highpoint sandstone and Prattsburg sandstones (in part) of the Naples section. The last named units carry only a Chemung fauna. Cephalopods Pteropods Gastropods Tornoceras bicostatum Styliolina fissurella ’Phragmostoma chautauquae Manticoceras rhynchostoma ‘Palaeotrochus praecursor ; Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium accola L. intumescentis L. erlense L. corrugata L. furcatum Ontaria concentrica L. absegmen Euthydesma subtextile Posidonia mesacostalis Elasmatium gowandense P. venusta nitidula Praecardium vetustum Kochia ungula Conocardium gowanense Loxopteria dispar Palaeoneilo constricta L. laevis P. brevicula L. vasta NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 357 Dunkirk black shales Not represented in eastern sections Silver creek shales underlain by Angola shales Representing the Gardeau (Westhill) and Hatch flags of the Genesee and Naples valleys Cephalopods Pteropods Gastropods Tornoceras bicostatum Hyolithus neapolis Pleurotomaria itylus Manticoceras rhynchostoma Phragmostoma chautauquae M. sororium Loxonema danai Orthoceras thyestes Palaeotrochus praecursor O. pacator . Callonema filosum Gomphoceras ajax Diaphorostoma rotundatum Bactrites D. pugnus Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium libum Euthydesma subtextile L. eriense L. bickense L. beushauseni Pterochaenia fragilis Posidonia attica Loxopteria laevis L. intumescentis L. corrugata Ontaria pontiaca Buchiola scabrosa B. conversa B. angolensis B. cf. priimiensis Praecardium vetustum P. duplicatum P. multicostatum Palaeoneilo constricta P. linguata Rhinestreet black shale No fossils recorded Cashaqua shales Cephalopoas Probeloceras lutheri Gephyroceras holzapfeli Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium pilosum Pterochaenia fragilis G. ¢f. domanicense P. elmensis Buchiola retrostriata B. lupina Palaeoneilo petila Middlesex black shales Conodonts Prioniodus spicatus P. erraticus Polygnathus dubius Upper Genesee shale Genundewa (Styliola) limestone 358 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM VERTICAL RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE NAPLES SECTION At top, Highpoint sandstones, Westhill flags and Grimes sandstone bearing a brachiopod fauna. Hatch sands, flags and shales Fishes Dinicthys newberryi Pristacanthus vetustus Spathiocaris emersoni Plants Lepidodendron Fishes Palaeoniscus dévonicus Acanthodes pristis Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium velatum Pterochaenia fragilis Leptodomus multiplex Crustacea Eleutherocaris whitfieldi Stylonurus? wrightianus Spathiocaris emersoni Dipterocaris Gastropods Loxonema noe Macrochilina pygmaea Palaeotrochus praecursor Diaphorostoma rotundatum Pleurotomaria cognata P. ciliata Protocalyptraea marshalli Cephalopods Lamellibranchs Manticoceras pattersoni Lunulicardium ornatum M. oxy . Honeoyea majora Probeloceras lutheri H. desmata Pteropods Posidonia attica Styliolina fissurella Leptodomus interplicatus Rhinestreet black shales Conodonts Polygnathus dubius Spathiocaris emersoni : Prioniodus spicatus P. erraticus Cashaqua shale Cephalopods Pteropods Manticoceras pattersoni M. apprimatum Hyolithus neapolis Tentaculites gracilistriatus M. tarduni T. tenuicinctus M. accelerans Styliolina fissurella M. vagans Protospirialis minutissima Probeloceras lutheri P.? naplesense Beloceras iynx Tornoceras uniangulare T. uniangulare var. obesum Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana Bactrites gracilior B. aciculum Orthoceras pacator O. ontario O. filosum Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium acutirostrum L. ornatum L. clymeniae L. hemicardioides L. velatum L. finitimum L. sodale NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Gastropods Phragmostoma natator P. incisum P. ¢f. triliratum Tropidocyclus hyalinus Bellerophon koeneni Middlesex Cephalopoda Sandbergeroceras syngonum Lamelitbranchs - Pterochaenia fragilis 359 Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium pilosum L. parunculus Pterochaenia fragilis P. fragilis var. orbicularis P. perissa Honeoyea erinacea H. major H. simplex Paraptyx ontario Ontaria suborbicularis O. clarkei O. affiliata O. halli Buchiola retrostriata B. scabrosa B. conversa. Paracardium doris Palaeoneilo petila P. muricata black shale Spathiocaris emersoni Brachiopods Lingula ligea Upper Genesee shales Intumescens fauna absent Genundewa (Styliola) limestone Fishes Dinicthys newberryi Spathiocaris emersoni Pteropods Styliolina fissurella Protospiralis minutissima Tentaculites gracilistriatus Cephalopods Manticoceras pattersoni var. styliophilum M. contractum M. fasciculatum M. nodifer Gephyroceras genundewa Tornoceras uniangulare var. compressum Gastropods Loxonema noe Pleurotomaria genundewa Protocalyptraea styliophila Phragmostoma natator P. incisum Bellerophon koeneni B. denckmanni Macrochilina seneca Diaphorostoma pugnus NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 360 Lamellibranchs Lunulicardium hemicardioides L. encrinitum Honeoyea styliophila Pterochaenia fragilis P, fragilis var. sinuosa Buchiola? livoniae B. scabrosa Paracardium doris P. delicatulum Crinotds Corals Melocrinus clarkii Aulopora annectens Taxocrinus In the following tabulation the geographic distribution in the two subprovinces is portrayed. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA OF THE GENESEE PROVINCE c=common; cc=—abundant; r==rare; rr—very rare. Species marked with a dag- ger have been found only in the black shale beds. CHAUTAUQUA NAPLES SUBPROVINCE SUBPROVINCE Styliola or pre- nuncial fauna Cashaqua shales, west Dinicthys newberryi Clarke - - Palaeoniscus devonicus Clarket - Acanthodes pristis Clarket - - Pristacanthus vetustus C/arke Polygnathus dubius Aindet - - - Prioniodus spicatus Hindet - - - P. erraticus Hindet - - - - - Stylonurus ? wrightianus Dawson (sp.) - - Echinocaris ? beecheri Clarke - - - - r E.? longicauda Ha// (sp.) - - - = r Eleutherocaris whitfieldi Clarke - - - - - - Entomis serratostriata Sand. - - - - E. variostriata Clarke - - - - Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke - - - Cardiocaris - 7 - - - Dipterocaris - - - - Manticoceras pattersoni Ha// (sp.) M. pattersoni var. styliophilum Clarke mPaoaaagnrtHA 4 Ow wH 1 O mos ' 1 Oo NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 361 NAPLES SUBPROVINCE CHAUTAUQUA SUBPROVINCE Styliola or pre- nucial fauna Cashaqua shales, west Manticoceras apprimatum Clarke tardum Clarke simulator Ha// (sp.) rhynchostoma Clarke contractum Clarke : - fasciculatum Clarke . nodifer Clarke - . sororium Clarke . accelerans Clarke - oxy Clarke . vagans Clarke - Gephyroceras perlatum Ha// (sp.) G. holzapfeli Clarke G. cataphractum Clarke G. cf. domanicense Holzapfel - G. (Probeloceras ?) genundewa Clarke Probeloceras lutheri Clarke - P.? naplesense Clarke Beloceras iynx Clarke . Sandbergeroceras syngonum Clarket Tornoceras uniangulare Conrad (sp.) T. uniangulare var. obesum Clarke T. uniangulare var. compressum Clarke - T. peracutum Had (sp.) T. bicostatum Ha// (sp.) T. rhysum Clarke. 7 Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana Clarke Bactrites gracilior Clarke - B. aciculum Had (sp.) - Bactrites cf. subflexuosus Keys. Orthoceras pacator Hall - O. ontario Clarke - - O. filosum Clarke - O. thyestes Hal/ - O. atreus Hall - - Gomphoceras ajax Hall - G. manes Hall - - - - Hyolithus neapolis Clarke - Styliolina fissurella Had/ - - Protospiralis minutissima Clarke - Tentaculites gracilistriatus Hall - cc cc Y r r (Ithaca) r r (Ithaca) cc T Tr cc T r (Ithaca) Tr Cc Cc oO RH TON MNS 200 SP ea 0 cc 362 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NAPLES SUBPROVINCE CHAUTAU UA SUBPROVINCE Styliola or pre- nuncial fauna Cashaqua shales, west Tentaculites tenuicinctus Roemer Pleurotomaria cognata Clarke P. itylus Clarke - : P. ciliata Clarke - P. genundewa Clarke - Bellerophon koeneni Clarke - B. denckmanni Clarke Phragmostoma natator Ha// P. incisus Clarke - P. chautauquae Clarke - P. ¢f. triliratus Hall - - Tropidocyclus hyalinus Clarke Loxonema noe Clarke - L. danai Clarke - L. multiplicatum Clarke - 2 * Macrochilina pygmaea Clarke - M. seneca Clarke’ - - Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke Callomena filosum Clarke - Diaphorostoma rotundatum Clarke D. pugnus Clarke - - Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke P. marshalli Clarke - = 2 Lunulicardium acutirostrum Hall . ornatum Hal/ - - . libum Clarke - oe . wiscoyense Clarke - - accola Clarke - clymeniae Clarke eriense Clarke hemicardioides Clarke furcatum Clarke ‘. velatum Clarke finitimum Clarke sodale Clarke - encrinitum Clarke pilosum Clarke - bickense Holzapfel absegmen Clarke - - . enode Clarke - : - parunculus Clarke - - 3 % PRP PP Se Pe sHOOA ce ” RAR O NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 363 NAPLES SUBPROVINCE CHAUTAUQUA SUBPROVINCE Styliola or pre- nuncial fauna Cashaqua shales, west Lunulicardium beushauseni Clarke - L. suppar Clarke L. sp. nov. L. sp. nov. - - = - L. (Opisthocoelus ?) transversale Clarke Pterochaenia fragilis Hal/ - var, orbicularis Clarke - P. sinuosa Clarke - P. perissa Clarke - - P. elmensis Clarke , P. cashaquae Clarke Honeoyea erinacea Clarke H. major Clarke H. styliophila Clarke - H. simplex Clarke .- H. desmata Clarke Paraptyx ontario Clarke - Actinopteria sola Clarke Leptodesma ¢f. rogersi Hall - Posidonia attica Wr//iams (sp.) P. mesacostalis Williams (sp.) P. venusta var. nitidula Clarke Kochia ungula Clarke - Loxopteria dispar .Sandberger L. laevis Frech L. vasta Clarke - - L. intumescentis Clarke L. corrugata Clarke - Ontaria suborbicularis Ha// (sp. ) concentrica v. Buch (sp.) - pontiaca Clarke - - accincta Clarke clarkei Beushausen (sp. ) affiliata Clarke halli Clarke - ~ mar umeee. Euthydesma subtextile Hall Elasmatium gowandense Clarke - Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch (sp. ) B.? livoniae Clarke - - B. scabrosa Clarke - - - B. conversa Clarke - = 9990090 cc cc mR Qs rc FE MS 4 QOan, oO 1 rH AR OM ce a aanrmaanrtRar HoH 364 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM NAPLES SUBPROVINCE CHAUTAU UA SUBPROVINCE Styliola or pre- nuncial fauna Cashaqua shales, west Buchiola angolensis Clarke Bi lupina Clarke B. cf. priimiensis Stein. (sp.) Paracardium doris Hall P. delicatulum Clarke Praecardium vetustum Hal/ P. duplicatum Minster (sp.) P. multicostatum Clarke Conocardium gowandense Clarke Palaeoneilo constricta Conrad (sp.) P. petila Clarke P. muricata Clarke P. brevicula Clarke P. linguata Clarke - Leptodomus interplicatus Clarke L. multiplex Clarke Productella speciosa Hal/ Chonetes scitulus Hall Crania centralis Ha// - Lingula ligea Hall} L. triquetra Clarke L. spatulata Hall Lingulipora williamsana Girty Aulopora annectens Clarke Melocrinus clarkei (Hall) Williams Taxocrinus sp. - Scytalocrinus? ornatissimus Hall - Cordaeoxylon clarkei Dawson - Cladoxylon mirabile Unger Cyclostigma affine Dawson - Lepidodendron gaspianum Dawson L. primaevum Rogers - - Asteropteris noveboracensis Dawson ce me oO HRHO cc ROM A St Lad “ cc NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 365 DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE SUBPROVINCIAL FAUNAS The last of the tables given brings out with force the fact that, while there is but a small proportion of species common to the extreme east and west sections of the Genesee province in New York, there is a striking preponderance of species whose genera are common to both regions. This commonalty of genera however is a no more impressive feature of these subprovinces than it is of the development of the Intumescens fauna throughout the world. We have previously noted that these subprovinces are regarded not as contemporaneous divisions throughout, but as sequential in this degree: that the fauna of the Naples or eastern subprovince covered the westward area at the opening of Portage time and is represented in moderate degree in the contracted deposits of Cashaqua shales of that area. So far as its eastward and westward representatives are concerned, there is no important variation, but the fauna attained its profusion of development toward the east. The distinctive fauna of the Chautauqua subprovince comes in with the Angola gray shales, while in the east at this time the Naples fauna continued and at a still later date, during the perdurance of the Chautauqua fauna at the west, was replaced by the invading brachiopod fauna. Hence the Chautauqua is sequential to the Naples fauna in western sections and contemporaneous with the late stages of that fauna in the Genesee valley and eastward. The discrepancies in these faunas east and west, we have in a measure already noticed in our previous discussion of the cephalopods. Here we observe the prevalence of the Manticoceras intumescens type in both, but under very distinct expressions, the M. pattersoni of the east being a more highly progressed species than the common M. rhynchos- toma of the west. The smaller expressions of this genus which are frequent in the east have a highly’local significance and are absent in the Chautauqua region. With Gephyroceras much the same is the condition. We recognize no form of this genus in the Chautauqua subprovince except 366 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the G. cf. domanicense Holz., but in the Genundewa limestone of the east and in the Cashaqua shales of both east and west there are species of this genus. The specially interesting Probeloceras lutheri, Belo- ceras iynx and Sandbergeroceras syngonum are not known nor are the genera recognized in the Chautauqua subprovince. Bactrites is common to both faunas but not in species. We recognize in the west, in accordance with the many other European affiliations of that fauna, B. el subflexuosus, in the east B. aciculum and B. gracilior. The mode of occurrence of Clymenia is noteworthy. It is known in the Naples subprovince only, and, though it occurs as far west as Java, it does not pertain to the Chautauqua fauna. Nor does it occur at a specific or high horizon in the rocks, but, on the contrary, the fauna is long con- tinued in typical expression after its disappearance. Herein is a noteworthy convergence from the differentiation of facies exhibited by the European sections. Most marked among the faunal differences are the presence and often profusion of Euthydesma, Kochia, Loxopteria in several species, Praecardium and Elasmatium in the Chautauqua subprovince and their exclusion from more eastern sections, and by contrast the abundance of the coarsely plicated forms of Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) in the east and their absence in the west. Throughout the lamellibranchs it is noticeable that species common to both subprovinces if abounding in one are unusual in the other: It will be observed that, so far as we understand the succession of fossils in the Chautauqua region, there is no sequential appearance of the leading fossils such as Mantic. rhynchostoma, Euthydesma, Kochia, Loxopteria and Praecardium, on the contrary they appear now to be pretty uniformly distributed through the Silver Creek, Angola and Portland gray soft shales and, with the other members of the assemblage, to correspond to the sedimentation. This uniformity of distribution is equally manifested in the leading species of the Naples subprovince. Minuter assemblages recur- ring at brief intervals through the strata of course vary somewhat in their combination, but the significance of such variations is here ds in other cases in the sequence of faunas, of very minor importance save as they may serve NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 367 to indicate the first or the final appearance of given species in a certain sec- tion. It would be difficult indeed to indicate any governing principle in such assemblages or to draw therefrom conclusions of breadth or weight in the interpretation of faunation. CORRELATION OF THE FAUNA OF THE GENESEE PROVINCE WITH THE INTUMESCENS FAUNA OF EUROPE To enter into detail with regard to specific similarities between the New York and other manifestations of this fauna would be to redescribe a large measure of the entire assemblage. We have noted several species which, ignoring fugitive variations, are here determined as identical in both the Eurasian and American regions; many others reveal indications of closest alliance which are provisionally designated with distinctive terms. Herein are evinced a most remarkable uniformity and persistence of specific charac- ters over a tremendous area of the ocean, which make this zone one notable in geologic history for the vigor with which its life forms have perpetuated and disseminated their distinctive traits; and, accompanying this uniformity of bionic expression, is a singular correspondence in the rather unusual quality of sedimentation. : We find the following species of European faunas present in the New York basin. Entomis serratostriata Sandberger. The index species of the Cypridina ~ shales everywhere ; occasionally at lower horizons (Upper Hartz). Rare in the Cashaqua shales of Livingston county. Entomis variostriata Clarke. In the Goniatite limestone at Bicken and the Cashaqua shales of Livingston county. Manticoceras intumescens Beyrich. M. pattersoni and M. rhyn- chostoma, the principal expressions of this type in the eastern and west- ern subprovinces respectively, differ no more from each other than. the varying expressions of M.intumescens. To apprehend the real value of these differences in the European forms, much study is still required, for in them doubtless is to be found the key to the origin and point of dissemi- nation of the species. We have employed other specific terms as indicatory 368 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of significant distinctions. M.ammon (Timan). is a parallel expression of M. pattersoni. M. simulator and the extremely progressed M. oxy appertain to the same category in New York, and likewise M. orbiculus, M. buchi, M. carinatus etc. in Europe. Gephyroceras cf. domanicense Holzapfel. This species has been found in the Angola shale of Chautauqua county. Typical forms of G. domani- cense from the Domanik are assigned to no distinctive horizon apart from the rest of the fauna. Tornoceras bicostatum Hall. This species, highly characteristic of the Angola and Portland shales of the Chautauqua subprovince, is identical with Torn, cinctum Keyserling. Bactrites cf. subflexuosus Keyserling. Of the Domanik shales; is a species of the Angola shale of the Genesee province. Lunulicardium bickense Holzapfel. In the Adorf limestone and the Angola shale. Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch. Very common in the lower horizons in both continents. B. priimiensis Steininger. At Btidesheim and Oberscheld; probably in the Angola shale. Loxopteria dispar Sandberger. This occurs at a high horizon (Clymenia limestone, Nehden schists) in the Rhine sections. In the Chautauqua sub- province its horizon is likewise high (Portland shale). Lox. laevis Frech. From the Clymenia limestone at Wildungen, from the Angola and Portland shales of Chautauqua county. Praecardium vetustum Hall. From high horizons (Nehden shales, Cly- menia limestone) in Westphalia and in the Angola and Portland shales of western New York. P. duplicatum Minster. In the Clymenia limestone of Franconia and the Angola shales of New York. Euthydesma subtextile Hall. In the Clymenia and Adorf limestones and in the Angola and Portland shales, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 369 Ontaria concentrica v. Buch. In the Adorf limestone and the Portland shale. O. clarkii Beushausen. In the shales at Oberscheld and at Naples. Posidonia venusta Minster. This species occurs in the Cypridina shales of Westphalia and the Hartz, in the Clymenia limestone of Poland and the var. nitidula in the Portland shales. Tentaculites tenuicinctus Sandberger. In the lower horizons “ Gonia- tite limestone” of Poland, Adorf limestone and the Cashaqua shales of Naples. .Cordaeoxylon clarkei Dawson. Very common in the Genundewa lime- stone and occasionally in the Cashaqua shales of Ontario county. Dawson in late papers regarded this as probably identical with Aporoxylon primigenium Unger from the Cypridina shale of Thuringia. Cyclostigma affine Unger. In the Cypridina shale of Thuringia and the Genundewa limestone. Cladyoxylon mirabile Unger. In the Cypridina shale of Thuringia and the Genundewa limestone. Kalymma grandis Unger. In the Cypridina shale of Thuringia and the Black shale of Moreland Ky. Spathiocaris emersoni Clarke. Common in Timan and in the gray and ‘black shales of New York and Indiana. Cardiocaris. In the black shales at Biidesheim and in New York. Dipterocaris. In the black shales and limestone of Btidesheim, Timan and New York. The correspondence of these identical species with reference to sequen- tial position is noteworthy. Restated in tabular form they are thus: 379 NEW YORK STATE’ MUSEUM HIGHER HORIZONS ‘LOWER HORIZONS EUROPE EUROPE NEW YORK NEW YORK Cypridina shales Clymenia limestone Nehden schists Matagne schists Adorf limestone Domanik shale Angola and Portland shale Cashaqua shale Entomis serratostriata E. variostriata - Gephyroceras ¢f. domanicense Tornoceras cinctum - Bactrites cf. subflexuosus Lunulicardium bickense Buchiola retrostriata B. priimiensis Loxopteria dispar - Lox. laevis Praecardium vetustum P. duplicatum - - Euthydesma subtextile - Ontaria concentrica - O. clarkei - "Oe Posidonia venusta - Tentaculites tenuicinctus Spathiocaris emersoni Cardiocaris - - Dipterocaris - Cordaeoxylon clarkei Cyclostigma affine - Cladoxylon mirabile Kalymma grandis ‘ a mM OO oP dM 1 * mM PM OM PoP OP PE Dd pd bd Cd a mo Pd OP Pd Dt oP ' mM Pe ot a ra mo PtP PS Pe OK Pt Relationships in the species of the faunas, apart from these identities, are constantly displayed and have-been elsewhere referred to in more detail. These are briefly restated. (In this list species of the lower horizons are indicated by italics.) Gephyroceras ? (Probeloceras ?) genundewa Clarke Beloceras tynx Clarke Sandbergoceras syngonum Clarke Tornoceras untangulare Conrad REPRESENTATIVE Torn. simplex v. Buch AFFINE G. forcipifer Sandberger B. kaysert Holzapfel, Marten- berg Gon. tuberculoso-costatus Sandberger TL. circumflexum Sandberger NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 371 TL. uniangulare-obesum Clarke T. uniangulare-compressum Clarke Bactrites gracilior Clarke Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana Clarke Gomphoceras atreus Hall Orthoceras filosum Clarke O. pacator Hall O. ontario Clarke Lunulicardium clymeniae nov. O. sp. Timan O. sp. Timan L. accola nov. L. dilatatum Beushausen, L. parunculus nov. Martenberg, Wildungen L. absegmen nov. Pterochaenia fragilis Hall Honeoyea. T. circumflexum-incrassatum Giirich TL. circumflexum-applanatum Giirich B. gracilis Sandberger C. spinosa Minster G. uchtense Holzapfel, Timan Orthoceras sp. nov. Holzapfel, Martenberg L. paradoxa Holzapfel, Martenberg L. denckmanni Beushausen, Wildungen P. inflatum Holzapfel, Martenberg Avicula hians, Waldschmidt, ‘Wildungen Pteroch. uchtensis Clarke, Timan Though species of this genus have not been specially reported by recent German writers, it is noteworthy that some of the shells described by Minster in 1840 from Elbersreuth very intimately suggest these New York forms. Of these attention may be specially directed to his Cardium semialatum, C. paucicostatum and C. alternans. Loxopteria corrugata nov. L. rugosa /rech, Oberscheld Praecardium multicostatum nov. Ontaria suborbicularis Hall O. pontiaca nov. O. hallt nov. Avicula problematica Miinster, Presseck Conocardium gowandense nov. Macrochilina pygmaea nov. Melania arcuata Munster, Schiibelhammer Loxonema noe Clarke Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke Pleurotomaria ciliata nov. P. sp. Beushausen, Enkeberg Cardiola concentrica v. Buch C. concentrica C. subarticulata Beushausen, Martenberg C. articulata Miinster, Timan C. ibergense Beushausen, Grund, Riibeland M. dunkeri Holzapfel, Martenberg Lox. arcuata Holzapfel, Martenberg Pleurotomaria zitteli Holzapfel, Martenberg P. angulata Phillips P. globosa Holzapfel, Martenberg 372 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Diaphorostoma pugnus nov. Naticopsis domanicensis, Keys. Timan Callonema pilosa zov. Hlolopea decheni Holzapfel, f Martenberg Bellerophon Koenent nov. B. tuberculatus d’Orb. Timan These lists suffice to demonstrate two important facts with regard to the affiliation of the faunas: 1 The species of the lower faunas in the European and New York expression are in many instances closely allied, but are seldom identical. 2 Specific identities prevail in the upper faunas of both regions. RELATION OF THE FAUNA TO THE BLACK SHALES The three bands of bituminous shales (four including the upper Genesee slate) which are intercalated amongst the beds to which the Intumescens fauna in New York is normal, are not to be regarded as in any sense the proper carriers of the fauna itself. The organic contents of these beds are few—some ‘Lingulas and Orbiculoideas, Pterochaenia fragilis, Probeloceras lutheri, Bactrites, fish plates and plant remains, other organisms seldom appearing save with some concurrent change in the sediment with increase of lime or clay content, and doubt- less for the most part those cited with other occasional remains have dropped down into the black muds from the higher zone of more prolific life. These bands of black shale are eastward outrunners from a more continuous and extensive deposit of the same character farther westward. One arm of this black shale deposit extends westward of New York north of the Cincinnati dome through northern Ohio (Ohio shale) and into Ontario about Kettle Point, Lake Huron, Bosanquet and the region south- ward; westward into northern and thence western and southern Indiana (New Albany shale), Illinois and western Kentucky. Another reaches southward, east of the Cincinnati dome, through eastern Kentucky and eastern Tennessee into Alabama. Through this mass traces of lime bands and nodules, or lime-bearing shales, have been seldom noted, and the fossils NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 373 which occur in the black shales have been quite generally regarded as indi- cating the age of the Genesee of New York. In the area north of the Cincinnati dome? Newberry found, in a thin gray layer near the upper part of the Ohio shale, fossils which he regarded as indicative of the Portage fauna of New York. These are cited as “Clymenia? complanata, Chonetes speciosa, Orthoceras aciculum and Leiorhyncus quadricostatus.” For these names we may read Probeloceras lutheri, Cardiola speciosa (—Buchiola retrostriata), Bactrites aciculum, L. quadri- costatum, a congeries which is indeed: indicative of the Intumescens fauna; Whitfield has described from the nodules occurring in the Huron shale a number of remarkable Crustacea, Palaeopalemonnewberr yi, Echinocaris multinodosa, E. pustulosa and E. sublaevis. Remains of Echinocaris and other Phyllocarids occur with rarity in the Intumescens zone of New York, while Lingula ligea Hall, which Whitfield also found in the Huron shale, is everywhere present in the black shale bands of the Portage and occasionally in the gray shale. We may note in passing that, though the remains of decapods have not been observed at this stage elsewhere in America, yet Richter long ago described from the Cypridina shales of the Thuringian Forest a species of this character which he termed Gitocrangon granulatus.3 The Ohio geologists agree that the black shale is there underlain by beds carrying the Hamilton fauna. In Indiana, according to recent observation by E. M. Kindle, the New Albany black shale rests on the Devonic limestones which carry a profuse Middle Devonic brachiopod fauna. Mr Kindle has shown that in these sections the black shale is interbedded with gray sandy shale, *Dr Girty has brought together the various views which have been expressed on the correlation of the black shale in eastern Kentucky and has described a number of species from the beds at Vanceburg with the New York formations and other localities. (Fauna found in the Devonian Black Shale of Eastern Kentucky. Am. Jour. Sci. 1898. 6 :384) ?Geol. of Ohio. 1873. 1:154. : 3Richter. Beitrag zur Paldontologie des Thiiringer Waldes. 1848. p. 43. 374 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and, while the whole mass attains a thickness of only about too feet, there are many alternations of black with the gray shale. At Lexington and other localities of the black shale the fossils are those usual in similar deposits eastward, Styliolina fissurella, Orbiculoidea loden- sis, Lingula spatulata, Schizobolus concentricus etc; but at Delphi Kindle has found, pyritized in blue shale, Goniatites wabash- ensis and G delphiensis Kindle, both species of Gephyroceras or small individuals of Probeloceras or Manticoceras in a gephyroceran stage. Spathiocaris occurs in these shales, as it does throughout the black and gray bands of the Genesee and Portage in New York. No element of the fauna obtained from these Indiana beds, however, argues very strongly for equivalence with New York faunas later than Genesee. The development of this shale at Irvine Ky. is stated by Williams to continue upward beyond the Devono-Carbonic boundary,’ while the beds at Big Stone Gap he finds to be underlain by limestone carrying Onondaga corals. Girty calls attention further to Shaler’s opinion that the formation in Kentucky and Tennessee represents the entire series of formations from the top of the Oriskany to the Chemung. The earliest incursion of these black muds on the New York area is represented by the Marcellus shales when the sediments were distributed northward and eastward from the deep waters lying off the southern coast of the Appalachian gulf, while the faunas of the limestones embedded in these black Marcellus shales were derived from the west. The small group of species described by Dr Girty is from the base of the black shale and shows some characters which are common to both Mar- cellus and Genesee shales in New York ;? but one Lingula, Lingulipora t Am. Jour. Sci. 1897. 3: 398. ? The fauna reported consists of the following: (xs) Lingulipora williamsana, (2) Liorhynchus quadricostatum, (3) Prioniodus armatus, (4) Sporangites huronensis?, (5) Orbiculoidea, (6) Meristella cf haskinsi, (7) Plethospira socialis, Of these 2, 3, 4 are known alike in both Marcellus and Genesee; 7 is very similar indeed to P. rugulata, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 375 williamsana Girty, the author also reports from the Styliola limestone of Ontario county and from the Genesee shale on Seneca lake, N. Y. In this shale at Moreland, central Kentucky, occurs the plant Kalymma grandis Unger" originally described from the Cypridina shales of Thuringia.» Though this species has not been found in New York, yet the Styliola limestone here and occasionally the beds above have produced other Thuringian Cypridina shale plants, Cladoxylon mira bile Unger and Cordaeoxylon clarkei Daws. The latter of these, Dawson, in the final discussion of the species, regarded as very closely allied to, if not identical with, Araucarites ungeri Goeppert (—A poroxy- lon primigenium Unger). Let us note again the fact that, throughout the wide extent of this shale in the regions considered, it does not at any time attain the thickness which we may ascribe to it in New York, where bathymetric conditions seem to have been more favorable for its accumulation.3 The exposures of black shale along the Sydenham river at Alvinston and at Kettle Point (Lake Huron), Ontario, have been recently examined by Mr Luther and show only a slight thickness (15-20 feet, but incomplete at the top), and the bands rest directly on the Hamilton limestones. The organic contents are largely plant remains with Sporangites huron- ensis, a few fish plates and an impunctate Lingula, evidently L. ligea, which is common in the Portage black bands of New York. The beds may for stratigraphic reasons safely be regarded as exemplifying a continuation northwestward from New York of the Genesee and Portage black mud conditions. which occurs in both. So it would seem that the fauna and the beds containing it might be properly construed as representing the Devonic black shale beds of New York rather than any one of their component parts. * Dawson, W. & Penhallow, D. P. Canadian Record of Science. Jan. 1891. 4:242. 2 Unger: 3 A maximum thickness for the black bands in New York, (1) Marcellus, (2) Genesee, (3) Middlesex, (4) Rhinestreet, (5) Dunkirk (2-5 to be included in the Portage), would be about 700 feet. 376 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM In the regions of British Columbia now included within the districts of Athabasca and Mackenzie, a wide expanse of black shale is known from the Clearwater or Little Athabasca river (lat. 57° n., long. 110° w.) northward along the Elk, Peace and Great Slave rivers to Great Slave lake (61° n.). Meek, in giving an account of the fossils collected in this region by Kenni- cott', and Isbister*, who had previously traversed the region with Sir John Richardson, notes that at the mouth of the Clearwater the shales are 150 feet thick, lie on a concretionary limestone and are overlain by sandstones. Isbister regarded these bituminous shales, on the basis of some identifications of fossils by H. Woodward, as equivalent to the Marcellus of New York; but Meek has shown the lower limestones to bear a middle Devonic fauna with Hamilton characters, and the overlying sands are regarded as equiva- lent of the Chemung. This judgment, at least so far as the character of the lower limestones is concerned, is substantiated by Whiteaves, who has based his study of the fossils on new material largely collected by R. G. McConnell. Near Fort Resolution on Great Slave lake these bittminous shales carry Styliolina fissurella, Chonetes setiger, “Avicula laevis” (—Pterochaenia fragilis), a ‘“ Lucina-like bivalve” (probably some form of Ontaria, perhaps O. suborbicularis) and Lingulacf.spatulata. Herein is the same indication of alliance to the black shales fauna of New York, whether Genesee or Portage, an indication of the contiguity of the true Intumescens fauna being shown in the presence of the ‘“Lucina-like bivalve’ reported by Whiteaves (to which we have previously adverted)* of a goniatite, undoubtedly Manticoceras intumescens, on the Hay river, which enters Slave lake west of Fort Resolution, in association with and also in the occurrence species characterizing the brachiopod facies or cuboides zone fauna (Hypothyris cuboides, Pugnax pugnus, etc.).’ Still farther *Chicago Acad. of Sci. Trans. 1869. 1:61. ?Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. 1855. 11: 497. 3Contrib. to Canadian Paleontology. 1891. v. 1, pt 2. +See part 1 of this work, N. Y. State Geol. An. Rep’t. 1896. p. 138. 5Whiteaves. Of. cit. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 377 west on the Liard river the bituminous underlying limestones have been observed. In this barely explored region and the vast territory northward and west to the seaboard much more definite evidence of the migration path of the Intumescens fauna is doubtless buried." Similarly throughout the immense and geologically unexplored region of northern Asia we still lack all but intimations of the presence of this fauna. In the Timan or Petschoraland of northeastern Russia, lying on the Frozen sea, the fauna again blooms out in its fulness and purity, that is as an ammonoid or deep littoral congeries in calcareous banks and nodules interbedded with bituminous shales. Of such special interest is this occurrence for comparison with the New York fauna that we give a brief analysis of its characteristics so far as now known. The general character of this fauna was portrayed in the cele- brated work of Keyserling, Wassenschaftliche Beobachtungen auf einer Reise in das Petschoraland im Jahre 1843; 1846. We have given the “section on page 355, but this is not as Keyserling determined it, the upper sands with Spirifer disjunctus being located by him as beneath the goniatite horizon: of the Domanik shale. Holzapfel’s important treatise on the cephalopods of these Domanik shales of southern Timan,? and the writer’s memoir on the Goniatites of the Naples fauna appeared almost simultaneously; hence neither writer *It may be observed here, as a counterpoise to intimations of incompleteness of evi- dence bearing on these points, that, with the close of the well ordered and carefully exe- cuted geological survey of New York in 1843, but a handful of species had been acquired from the Portage formations of the State, too few indeed even-to indicate the relationship with European faunas, and the formation as a whole was characterized in the final reports as one essentially barren of organic remains. Time and labor have shown the imperfection of this judgment (see list of species on page 360). From the vaster Cana- dian territory, so much less systematically explored in the first instance, we may rightfully look for proportionally greater results. 2 Die Cephalopoden des Domanik in siidlichen Timan: Mémoires du Comité geolo- gique. 1899. v. 12, no. 3, p. 1-56, pl. 1-10 378 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM had the full benefit of the other’s observations. The wonderful homo- geneity in the development of the fauna in these two restricted regions, separated by 129 degrees of longitude,’ is manifested not alone in the com- position of generic and specific characters of the organisms, but equally in the nature of the sediments. The latter are largely black shales with inter- calated limestone banks. Of the nature of these sediments Holzapfel says : The name Domanzk is applied to a dark, mostly brown, somewhat cal- careous and strongly bituminous shale with numerous calc concretions, which are arranged in successive layers. These concretions are the situs of immense numbers of fossils and are often completely filled with them while the shale itself contains but few. Once in a while one finds in the latter a compressed cephalopod, while, on the other hand, the shields described as Spathiocaris are quite abundant. Besides the cephalopods the limestones contain numberless Tentaculites and also Entomis and Buchiola retro- striata. Gastropods are rare; species of Cardiola are present, and also a peculiar brachiopod which is related to Camarophoria. There is nowhere else so complete a parallel in all the factors involved in the homogenic manifestation of the fauna; and, as with these conditions it attains the fullest development of its peculiarities, we may give brief attention to a comparative analysis of the similarities and divergences in these two manifestations. Manticoceras. On inspection of the young stages as well as the adult forms of M. intumescens, it is evident that this shell approaches M. pattersoni most closely without attaining in respect to whorl section the progressed adult condition of the latter. As little does it show in early stages the plump, broad whorls of the delayed M.rhynchostoma. Itis interesting to observe that the Domanik form of M. intumescens retains the peculiarities of whorl section of the type of this species from the lime- stone at Oberscheld. We have shown that M. pattersoni and M. rhynchostoma, in adult and gerontic condition, both pass the stage represented by these broad backed shells, the former however very much earlier than the latter. Without difference in umbilication or other external ? The location of southern Timan is approximately 67°n., 51° e.; of western New York (centrally) 43° n., 78° w. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 379 feature than that specified, these three terms, intumescen s, patter- soni and rhynchostoma, express distinct paraphases of the specific type. [See table of paraphases of Manticoceras expressed in terms of M. pattersoni, pt 1 of this work, p. 83.] Manticoceras ammon Keyserling is confessedly a very close ally of M. intumescens. Study of the figures and description given by Holzapfel impresses me with the striking agreement in essential differentials with the typical M. pattersoni, an agreement seen not alone in the evolution of the contour, but also in the progressive development of the sculpture from early stages onward. I think we may fairly conclude that in both the New York and the Timan faunas the two types are present, and that these two stand for each fauna, in essentially the same relations to each other. In Manticoceras backlundi we have a broad backed shell with lateral pilae highly developed, an expression for which we find no precise equivalent in the Naples fauna. It is remarked by Holzapfel that this genus is not as abundantly devel- oped in individuals in the Domanik as in the Naples fauna, and it is a nat- ural consequence that the variety of expression is less. But in the Naples fauna the minor expressions of the genus are relatively of less common occurrence. Gephyroceras. We have noted in part 1 that this name, so far as dependent on its type species, is actually synonymous with Manticoceras, but have employed it for flat, discoid, widely umbilicated shells having a suture differing from that of Manticoceras in degree rather than kind, the lobes and saddles being equivalent in adulthood to an immature condition in Manticoceras. The name as it now stands is not grounded on any speci- fied type and hence is of itself of unsubstantial value, but it has been employed by both Holzapfel and the writer with application to essentially the same group of forms. In the Naples fauna the shells that could be referred to Gephyroceras are relatively few, but they share with Probeloceras lutheri and 380 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Beloceras iynx the thin, disk-shaped, wide umbilicate shell, and in respect to suture there is an easy gradation from the simple outline of Gephyroceras into that of Probeloceras and Beloceras. Taking this series as a whole, it constitutes in New York the most abundant element of the goniatite fauna, aad it is proper to bring it in its entirety into comparison with that group in the Domanik called Gephyroceras, which is by much the most prolific there in expression and individuals. Holzapfel describes 10 species of this genus, and in the Naples beds the series now includes eight members. Many of the Domanik species attain striking dimensions and the larger of them (G. rex, G. tschernyschewi) suggest to us the remains of equal size which occur in soft shales in southern Erie county (Pike’s creek), but the sutures of which have not yet been ascertained, though they are probably progressed beyond the Gephyroceras stage and in harmony with the prevailing habit in the fauna, namely Probeloceras. So far as externals are concerned the Naples fauna, in Gephyroce- ras holzapfeli, Probeloceras lutheri, P. naplesense and Beloceras iynx, will essentially duplicate some of the Domanik species ; and we have noted that the Angola shales of Chautauqua county carry a species indistinguishable from G. domanicense in respect to exterior. Its suture is not known; and, while we have ventured to designate it as Gephyr. cf. domanicense, it is with the conviction that, in spite of its external agreement with that species, this suture will prove to be pro- gressed beyond the gephyroceran stage. This agreement in exterior differ- entials amongst so important elements in the two faunas is perhaps the most remarkable of the characteristics common to both. It shows that the integrity of the entire group has suffered no external change throughout its travels, while there has been definite progress internally toward more com- plicated septation. Still further interpreted, it means that the Domanik is the point of geographic departure of this fauna westward, its species con- serving traits which are in part unchanged and in part progressed during the geographic progress of the congeries, Turning to the genus Timanites, these shells are closely umbilicated, NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW: YORK, PART 2 381 and the suture is essentially equivalent in degree of lobation to Beloceras “iynx, but, instead of the lobes and saddles all being narrow and angled, the lobes in Timanites acutus (type) are acute, the saddles broadly rounded; in T. stuckenbergi both lobes and saddles are rounded. Shells of this strange type seem to indicate a progression from Gephyro- ceras both external and internal. Close enrolment in this group is one of the indexes of progress, multisection of the suture another; the latter being the manifestation of such progress which, as just noted, has alone affected the migrants of Gephyroceras. Prolecanites. As with the Naples fauna, the genus is represented by only a single and rare species. Prolec. timanicus has a less divided suture than Sandbergeroceras or Prolec. chemungensis, that is the former has an embryonal aspect with reference to the latter, but both are further exemplifications of the presence of inceptive forms. of this genus in the Intumescens stage. Tornoceras. The Domanik carries two species of this genus, T. sim- plex v. Buch, which is in effect T. uniangularis of the Naples fauna, and T.cinctum Keyserling, which is identical with T. bicostatum Hall. The last named in the writer’s illustrations presents the edges of the broad hyponomic ridge apparently nearer to the back of the whorl but specimens are not infrequent which show all the characters afforded by T. cinctum. . . _ Bactrites. Holzapfel redescribes B. subflexuosus Keyserling, which attains large size and bears an apparently smooth exterior and elliptic cross section, and also an undetermined species with characteristic oblique surface lines. We have already noted the presence in the Angola shales of a species very similar to the former, specified as B. cf. subflexuosu Ss. ; As for the other cephalopods of the Domanik, we find excellent equiv- alents in the New York fauna. Gomphoceras uchtense, cf. G.. atreus, Phragmoceras [or Gomphoceras] timanicum, cf. a smaller species not described in the Chautauquan subprovince, Ort ho- ceras sp., a smooth longicone like O. pacator, Or th oceras spa 382 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM subannulate shell like O. ontario or identical with a form from the west- ern subprovince. Spathiocaris occurs in great abundance in the bituminous shales and lime banks of the Domanik, just as it does, and in like form, in the black shales and sandy shales and flags of the Portage beds. It is noteworthy that all the forms figured by Holzapfel take on the outline of S. emer- soni, which is the prevailing form in the Portage, though in New York we find the Cardiocaris outline as well as the doubly cleft shields, Dipterocaris (occurring also at Biidesheim), and Holzapfel puts forward a strong argu- ment in favor of the view that these bodies have no organic connection with the goniatites. This cephalopod fauna is accompanied by lamellibranchs and gastro- pods, to which less attention has been thus far specially given. Keyserling described Cardiola [Ontaria] tenuistriata Mist, C.[O.] con- centricav. Buch, C.[O.] articulata Minst, C.[Buchiola] retro- striata, Bellerophon tuberculatus dOrb. (cf. B. koeneni), Naticopsis domanicensis Keys. (cf. Diaphorostoma pug- nus) and Sigaretus uchtae Keys. SUMMARY 1 The fauna of the Maples beds, as the term has been heretofore employed and as used in the title of this work, is a congeries integrated by its organic characters and its bionomic relations from appearance to vanish- ment and unitive in its essentiality. With contemporaneous faunas of the Appalachian gulf it has, in its purity, no organic relation direct or sequen- tial, but at the boundaries of the province may become implicated with the latter by the incident of geographic contiguity. 2 This Naples fauna as a whole is geographically characterized with greater accuracy as that of the Genesee province. In its integrity it repre- sents the Eurasian Upper Devonic faunas above the horizon of Hy po- thyris cuboides (Tully limestone of New York) and below the brachiopod fauna with culminating Spirifer disjunctus. In the New York sections,-however, it is followed by and is in part contempo- NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 383 raneous with a tremendous development of the brachiopod fauna, which is equivalent in sequence and in composition to that of the Condroz and Famenne sands of Belgium etc. 3 The geographic subdivision of this integral into (1) the Naples and (2) Chautauqua subprovinces determinates: (a) the early arrival of the lower fauna in the Genesee province, its primary occupancy of the entire area, its eventual profuse development at the eastern end of the province till the incoming of the brachiopod fauna from the east; (4) the subsequent arrival of the organic assemblage which more fully exemplifies the later stages of the Eurasian fauna, stratigraphically sequential to the feeble western development of its predecessor, profuse in its own development in its proper province but unable to penetrate the province of its antecursor, consubstantial and contemporaneous with it during all its own stages but during the later stages only of the antecedent fauna. 4 The fauna in its entirety shows a subversion of the facial differen- tials distinguishing its European phases, and species there recognized as successional indexes are here disvalued (Clymenia, Entomis serratos- triata, Chiloceras). On the other hand, entire convergence of faunal differentials is not effected, and certain indexes retain their value in both lower and higher components of the fauna. 5 In terms of paleontology the fauna as a whole is the Intumescens fauna, for it is permeated throughout, in the development of both of its geographic elements, with goniatites of the type of Manticoceras intumescens and their normal accompaniments. 6 The uniformity of expression of the fauna as a whole throughout its world-wide manifestation is its most noteworthy character and is without parallel. 7 By the letting down of the old Mississippian land barrier, which guided the Middle Devonic (Hamilton) fauna from the far south into the Appalachian gulf, the Intumescens fauna entered this region from the northwest, and the proximal part of the path of its migration lies buried beneath Lake Erie. 384 NEW YORK.STATE MUSEUM 8 Analysis of progressive development in septal structure of the goni-- atites indicates that species in Timan, New York and Germany having external differentials closely approximate, are simplest in septal expression in Timan, more progressed in New York and attain extreme specialization in this respect in Germany. Interpreting this as an indication of progres- sive modification during migration we find herein additional evidence of dispersion from Timan eastward to New York and from New York east- ward to Europe. EXPLANATION OF PLATES With much regret the author feels impelled to state that, owing to the demise of Mr Philip Ast who fot upward of 30 years lithographed with superior skill the plates for the paleontologic reports, it became necessary to resort temporarily to less satisfactory -methods for the reproduction of the plates here presented. While this proceeding was deemed judicious in order to avoid too long delay in publication, the finer details of structure shown on the excellent original drawings have suffered seriously in this process and so wide a departure from the standard quality of the work is deplored. 385 386 4,5 IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 1 Genus tunuticarpium Minster Page 219 Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum Hall [See pl. 4] Page 229 A left valve with strong growth marks and well defined sur- face characters. x2 Naples subprovince Naples A left valve ; figure copied from Paleontology of New York, v.5, pt 1, pl. 71, fig. 31, where it is stated that the specimen is from the Chemung beds at Elmira. This statement is not to be accepted without question. A right valve with fine and numerous ribs Naples subprovince Naples Lateral and rear views of a large left valve Naples subprovince Naples A small left valve Naples subprovince Naples Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) wiscoyense sp. nov. Page 233 A small right valve. x3 Genesee valley Wiscoy creek Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) ornatum Hall Page 231 A mature left valve Naples subprovince Naples A smaller right valve showing the coarse plications behind the beak . Naples subprovince Naples A large left valve, the flatness of the plications being some- what intensified by maceration Naples subprovince | Naples LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 1 G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 387 11 A less oblique left valve Naples subprovince 12,13 A right valve with enlargement of surface Naples subprovince Belknap’s gully, near Branchport Naples 14 A rather transverse specimen of the left valve Naples subprovince Naples 388- : NEW YORK STATE’ MUSEUM PLATE 2 Genus tunurticarpium Minster Page 219 Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) clymeniae sp. nov. Page 234 1-5 Views of a right valve, showing rear view with normal con- vexity and coarse plications behind the beak, lateral view with very fine surface striation, interior of valve and struc- ture of the hinge which has been modified by a fine seam traversing and slightly distorting the ligament area, enlarge- ment of the surface, and side view of the vertical sical wall. All are enlarged x3 except figure 4 which is x5 Naples subprovince Whetstone gully near Livonia 6 Another right valve. x2 Naples subprovince Briggs gully, Honeoye lake Lunulicardium velatum sp. nov. Page 237 7 A right valve somewhat restored. x1.5 Naples subprovince Base of Hatch hill, Naples 8 One of two valves in conjunction. Natural size Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples 9 Enlargement of surface. x5 Naples subprovince Base of Hatch hill, Naples Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov. [See pl. 4] Page 232 10 A right valve showing the broad ribs and short, oblique sica Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) hemicardioides sp. nov. Page 235 11 Sculpture cast of a right valve showing a scar which is prob- ably muscular. x2 LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 2 G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co, State Printers” 12 19,14 15 17, 18 19 20 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 389 The same viewed from behind showing the convexity. x2 Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples Similar views of another right valve with the surface plication better retained. x3 Naples subprovince Parrish gully,-Naples An apparently undistorted and complete internal cast of the left valve which is referred to this species The specimen bears a large single muscle scar and shows the upturned broad sica. x3 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Another internal cast with indistinct plications. x3 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Lunulicardium finitimum sp. nov. Page 238 Two right valves showing the elongate form and exceedingly fine surface striation. 17, x3; 18, x2 Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples Lunulicardium sp. nov. ? Page 245 Internal cast of a right valve with curved sical margin and few coarse plications Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Lunulicardium encrinitum sp. nov. Page 239 The valves juxtaposed showing orbicular outline and fine surface characters. x2 Naples subprovince Blacksmith gully, Bristol 390 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lunulicardium sp. nov. Page 245 21 A right valve of orbicular form, long, oblique and straight sical margin, fine concentric striae and marginal traces of plications Naples subprovinee Seneca point, Canandaigua lake Lunulicardium sodale sp. nov. Page 238 22 A left valve with elongate form and _ relatively “coarse plications. x2 Naples subprovince Naples Lunulicardium pilosum sp. nov. [See pl. 4] Page 239 23 A left valve enlarged to show the extremely fine radial lines. x2 Naples subprovince Naples 24 Aright valve showing the curved sical margin and usual out- line. x2 Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples re Il 6,7 1o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 3 Genus tunvuxicarpium -Mtinster Page 219 Lunulicardium -miilleri Holzapfel Pages 221, 228 Internal cast of left valve showing pallial line and juxtaposed or fusing muscle scars. x2 Rear view of the same. x2 Intumescens zone Martenberg, Westphalia Lunulicardium (Prochasma) bickense Holzapfel 2 Page 240 A right valve showing the absence of radial surface characters Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola A small left valve A larger right valve Chautauqua subprovince : Lower Portage falls, Genesee river A larger left valve Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville Lunulicardium suppar sp. nov. Page 244 Right and left valves. Natural size Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville A right valve enlarged showing the imprint of the sica, the form, contour and surface lines of the shell. x2 Anterior view of the same specimen, showing the coarse flat plications near the sica. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville A right valve flattened in shale Genesee valley Lower Portage falls LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 3 G.§. Barkentin del J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 393 Lunulicardium beushauseni sp. nov. [See pl. 4] Page 243 A left valve showing the orbicular outline, low, coarse pos- terior ribs, and generally smooth surface. x2 A right valve with radial plications on the posterior surface. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Lunulicardium (Prochasma) enode sp. nov. Page 242 A right valve showing the relatively long and oblique sical margin. x3 Genesee valley Lower Portage falls Lunulicardium (Prochasma) absegmen sp. nov. Page 242 A right valve showing the subcircular marginal outline and relatively broad posterior slope. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie Lunulicardium cf. inflatum Holzapfel Internal cast of right valve preserving the mantle line, an apparently posterior muscle scar and a depression at the umbo corresponding to an internal thickening of the valve. Intumescens zone Martenberg, Westphalia Lunulicardium (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov. [See pl. 4] Page 243 A left valve with highly arched sica and faint radial lines. X15 A right valve showing the usual form and incurved post- umbonal margin. xXI.5 A similar valve of this species. X1.5 Naples subprovince Naples 2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 4 Genus tunuricarpium Miinster Page 219 Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov. [See pl. 2] Page 232 Left and right valves somewhat restored, showing the char- acteristic broad and unequal plications. Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) eriense sp. nov. Page 235 A right valve preserving the extraordinarily fine radial lines and showing the coarse plications on the posterior margin. 155 A left valve with slightly coarser radii. x1.5 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville A right valve. x1.5 Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie A small right valve slightly compressed along the sical margin. XI.5 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Lunulicardium (Chaenocardiola) furcatum sp. nov. Page 236 A right valve showing the flat plications, split on the anterior slope. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Lunulicardium pilosum sp. nov. [See pl. 2] Page 239 A normal left valve showing by impression the form of the Sica. x2 Naples subprovince Naples LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 4 CS Rartrantin dal J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers TO II I2 13 14 Ls NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 395 A right valve provisionally referred to this species Cashaqua shales Pike’s creek, Erie co. Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum Hall [See pl. x] Page 229 A small left valve Naples subprovince Naples Lunulicardium sp. nov. Page 246 Part of a left valve of a rather large elongate, obscurely plicate species Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) accola sp. nov. Page 233 A normal left valve showing relatively sparse plication and subcircular outline. x2 Chautauqua subprovince West Falls, Erie co. The umbonal portion of right valve showing the concentric striation : Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Lunulicardium (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov. [See pl. 3] , Page 243 A right valve with arched sica and smooth surface Naples subprovince Naples Lunulicardium beushauseni sp. nov. [See pl. 3] Page 243 A right valve Chautauqua subprovince Fox’s point, Lake Erie 396 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM \ Lunulicardium? (Opisthocoelus ?) transversale sp. nov. ; Page 246 16 A left (?) valve showing the undistorted form and the surface characters. x5 Naples subprovince Ithaca Genus prerocHaEnta gen. nov. Page 247 Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.) var. orbicularis var. nov. [See pl. 5] Page 252 17,18 Right and left valves of large shells. x3 Ithaca province Near Noblesville, Otsego co. Pterochaenia perissa sp. nov. Page 253 19 A right valve with the extraordinary byssal flange. x3 Naples subprovince Parrish gully, Naples Pterochaenia cashaquae sp. nov. : Page 254 20,21 Right valves. x3 22 Aleft valve. x5 23 Aright valve. x5 24 Aright valve. x3 25 Aleft valve. x5 Genesee valley Cashaqua creek Pterochaenia elmensis sp. nov. Page 254 26,27 Right and left valves. x3 Chavtauqua subprovince Big Buffalo creek, East Elma, Erie co. 398 9, 10 II 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 5 Genus rrerocHarnta gen. nov. [See pl. 4] Page 247 Pterochaenia fragilis Hall (sp.) Page 249 Two valves expanded and juxtaposed along the posterior margin. x3 Naples subprovince Naples A similar specimen. x2 Genesee shale Bristol A right valve with expanded byssal flange. x3 Naples subprovince Naples A left valve. x3 Genesee shale Moscow Interior of left valve. x3 Interior of right valve. x3 Naples subprovince Naples A right valve. x3 Marcellus shale Chapinville A right valve. x3 Naples subprovince Naples Enlargements of a barite replacement showing the contour of the valve, the width of the flange and the umbonal ridge between the flange and the beak Naples subprovince Honeoye lake Pterochaenia fragilis var. orbicularis var. nov. [See pl. 4] Page 252 A right valve showing the orbicular outline. x2 Genesee shale Penn Yan A right valve. x3 Naples subprovince Naples LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 5 G.S. Rarlentin dal. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers 13 14 15 16 17 18, 19 eG, 21 Zo NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 399 Two superposed valves. x3 Naples subprovince Ithaca A large right valve. x3 Genesee shale Aurora, Cayuga lake A left valve. x2 Genesee shale A right valve. x2 | Genesee shale Aurora, Cayuga lake Pterochaenia sinuosa sp. nov. Page 253 A right valve showing the contour of the surface. x3 Two views of a left valve. x3 Exterior and interior of a right valve with broad sica. x3 A more elongate right valve with very broad sica. x3 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake 400 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 6 — Genus nonroyra gen. nov. Page 255 Honeoyea simplex sp. nov. Page 259 1-3 Three views of a left valve showing the finely and uniformly striated exterior, the sharply defined posterior crescent and slightly arched sical margins. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Honeoyea styliophila sp. nov. Page 258 4,5 Views of a large right (?) valve 6 Enlargement of the surface of a valve. x3 7-9 Three views of a left valve. x2 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Honeoyea major sp. nov. Page 258 to. An internal cast of the left valve. x4 11 The exterior of the same specimen. x4 12 Aright valve. x3 13. Aleft valve. x3 14 Aright valve. x3 Naples subprovince Naples Honeoyea erinacea sp. nov. Page 256 15 A left valve, a barite replacement. x3 16 Another replacement of this valve retaining the spines. x5 17 Cardinal view of a right valve. x3 18 Cardinal view of the specimen represented in figure 15. x3 19 Cardinal view of the specimen shown in figure 16. x5 LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 6 G. S. Barkentin del J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers 20 21 22 23 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 401 A left valve. x3 A right valve with spines. x5 A right valve. x3 Naples subprovince Naples and the region about Honeoye lake Honeoyea desmata sp. nov. Page 260 A left valve. x3 Naples subprovince Tannery gully, Naples 402 nan BW nN 6, 7 10 II 12, 13 14 15 16 17 18 19, 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 7 Genus parapryx gen. nov. Page 261 Paraptyx ontario sp. nov. Page 262 A left valve Umbonal portion of left valve showing striated crescent. x2 A left valve A right valve Enlargement of a part of the right valve showing character of crescent. x3 Views of a barite replacement showing the character of the crescent A left valve A left valve indicating the notable similarity in form and plica- .tion to the following species from which it differs in cardi- nal structure. x1.5 Naples subprovince + Naples Genus oyraria gen. nov. Page 279 Ontaria clarkei Beushausen (sp.) Page 288 A right valve. x2 Cardinal portion of a right valve. x2 Right valves. x2 A small left valve. x2 A small right valve Two'small right valves A large right valve A right valve. x2 Cardinal views of specimens having the valves conjoined: Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 7 G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers NAPLES FAUNA IN, WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Ontaria affiliata sp. nov. Page 290 21 Right valve. x2 22 Enlargement of surface. x4 Naples subprovince Ontaria halli sp. nov [See pl. 8] Page 290 23 A left valve 24 A left valve. x2 244 Enlargement of surface. x4 Naples subprovince 403 Naples Naples 404 nn > Io II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 8 Genus ontaria gen. nov. Page 279 Ontaria suborbicularis Hall (sp.) Page 282 A left valve with smooth surface A right valve with concentrically lined surface A left valve radially lineate outside the single strong growth line A right valve with radial striations and distant growth lines Profile of a valve showing an abrupt marginal deflection Enlargemeit of surface of frontal slope on the preceding, showing cancelating striae. x3 A right valve with regular and sharp concentric lines Naples subprovince Naples Interior of the umbonal region from a barite replacement. x5 Cardinal view showing the very narrow cardinal area. x5 Cardinal view of another replacement. x5 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake A right valve with radially striated surface. x1.5 Naples subprovince Naples A left valve with sharp concentric lines Cashaqua shale Attica A left valve with sharp concentric lines about the margin A left valve with concentric lines only A left valve with both concentric and radial striae A right valve with cancelating striae A valve with subcentral beak and sharp regular concentric striae. x2 A right valve with obscure concentric markings and well marked larval shell. x2 A right valve, oblique in form and concentrically marked. x1.5 LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 8 G.S. Rarkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co, State Printers 20 21 22 23, 24 25 26 27 28 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 405 Enlargement of surface. x3 Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity Among these shells several show a normal obliquity and to some such valves Hall applied the term Lucina retusa. Figures 2, 3, 11 and 16 are examples of this form. Ontaria pontiaca sp. nov. Page 287 The original specimen which is a smooth shell with relatively long hinge line Chautauqua subprovince Pontiac Ontaria accincta sp. nov. Page 288 Conjoined valves with smooth surface and large prodisso- conchs, x3 Left and right valves. x3 A larger right valve. x3 Genesee valley Cashaqua creek Ontaria concentrica v. Buch (sp.) Page 286 A specimen referred to this species, with subcentral beak, sharply defined concentric striation and obscure radial plica- tions behind the beak. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie Ontaria sp.? A large left valve with oblique umbo and fine concentric lineation. Natural size Naples subprovince Naples Ontaria halli sp. nov. [Se pl. 7] Page 290 A right valve showing the finely radial and corrugated exte- rior. x2 Naples subprovince Naples 406 FIG {; 2 4,5 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 9 These singular valves have a striking resemblance to some of the clavicle-bearing genera like Ischyrina Billings and Technophorus Miller, which are commonly regarded as lamellibranchs. On comparison of the specimens with these genera it seemed to us likely that they too were to be regarded as of similar nature. Hence their appearance here. We are, however, more inclined to regard them as bodies like Ribeiria and Ribeirella which Schubert and Waagen (the founders of the latter genus) have shown to be apodiform crustaceans [Jahrb. der k.k.geol. Reichsanst. 1903, 53:337|. The valves occur in considerable numbers crowded together in a dark shale at Livingstonville, Scho- harie co. N. Y., and though the parts are sometimes in appo- sition, they have usually been twisted apart. Interesting is the presence of two clavicles on the interior, a small one directed forward (which is extremely obscure in the figures) and astronger pointing backward. It is doubtless true that Technophorus is a ribeirioid crustacean and though it may not be safe to positively refer the specimens here figured to either Ribeiria or Ribeirella we may provisionally denomi- nate them as Ribeiria? prosseri. The specimens were discovered and collected by Prof. C: S. Prosser in the horizon of the Oneonta sandstone. Genus carpromorpna DeKoninck Cardiomorpha obliquata sp. nov. A right valve Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Side and cardinal views of a right valve Chautauqua subprovince Little Canadaway creek, Lake Erie A right valve . Chautauqua subprovince Forestville A left (?) valve. x1.5 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Io Il 12 13 14 15 16 17 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 407 Genus rurnypesma Hall Page 29: Euthydesma subtextile Hall Page 292 A left valve showing oblique corrugations and postumbonal ribs The posterior portion of the ligament area from a squeeze. x2 A left valve with fine concentric and radial striae A cast of the outside of the central part of the ligament area showing the striation and the median fold on the hinge. x2 The same viewed from above or the cavity of the beak. x2 A small right valve with cancelating surface markings A large right valve Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie A small valve showing a cicatrix or fold running obliquely forward from the beak with growth lines concentric to it Chautauqua subprovince Forestville A small suberect shell A young shell with fine umbonal ribs Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie 408 34 6, 7 Io II 12 3 14 15 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 10 Genus sucurora Barrande Page 204 Buchiola retrostriata v. Buch (sp.) Page 295 A left valve. x3 Cast of the exterior of a left valve. x3 Other left valves. x3 Naples subprovince Naples Cardinal view from a replacement showing upturned edge of cardinal area. x5 Umbonal views of right valves showing the thin upturned edge of the hinge line. x5 ; Interior view of the cardinal region. x5 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake Conjoined valves. x3 Conjoined valves of a much smaller shell. x6 A right valve with structure and ornamentation sharply defined. x3 Small valves expanded in conjunction. x6 Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity Anterior view of a replacement with the valves in normal apposition, x10 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake Enlargement of a marginal part of the ribs on which the recurved lines are very fine. x3 Genesee shale Canandaigua lake Buchiola halii sp. nov. Page 301 The specimen termed Glyptocardia speciosa |Pal. N.Y. v.5, pt 1, pl.7o, fig.g] redrawn. x3. This is the type of B. falli. Marcellus shale Skaneateles 16 17 18, 19 20 21 22 23, 24 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 409 Enlargement of the surface of another valve. X5 Hamilton shale Cayuga lake Buchiola ? (Puella ?) sp. A flattened valve with numerous ribs and fine, more or less continuous concentric striae. The relations of this shell are quite uncertain. x3 Naples subprovince Rhinestreet shales, Naples Buchiola cf. prumiensis Steininger Page 302 Valves of the same example showing the distinctive char- acters, x3 Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola Buchiola conversa sp. nov. Page 300 Expanded valves. x4 Chautauqua subprovince Farnham creek, Lake Erie A right valve. x3 , Chautauqua subprovince Angola A right valve showing the subcircular outline, the broad and concave ribs with elevated edges and very narrow interven- ing furrows. x5 Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola Buchiola stuprosa sp. nov. Page 298 Expanded valves of two individuals bearing (in figure 23 in later growth only) the very fine concentric striation, the ribs being broadly rounded without sharply defined edges and with very narrow intervening grooves. x4. These are speci- mens figured among the illustrations of Glyptocardia speciosa by Hall [Pal. N.Y. v.5, pt 1, pl.7o, fig.2,3]. Genesee shale Bristol 410 25-27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Buchiola scabrosa sp. nov. Page 299 Three views of a left valve showing convexity, the scabrous character of the recurved growth lines on the ribs over the median portion of the shell. x5 Another right valve. x3 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake Buchiola angolensis sp. nov. Pagé 300 A left valve showing fine concentric lines and coarser concen- tric furrows, also the rounded ribs and narrow grooves. x3 Left valve. x2 A left valve having one dichotomous rib. x2 A portion of the surface. x6 Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister and Farnham creeks, Lake Erie A small left valve with strong concentric grooves, referred with some doubt to this species. x3 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Buchiola lupina sp. nov. Page 301 A left valve. x6. The character of the ribs in this specimen is more like that shown on figure 36. A portion of the surface of another valve. Enlarged A left valve with rounded spreading ribs and fine concentric lines. x4 Cashaqua shales Mouth of Wolf creek near Mt Morris 5,6 “Nr NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 11 Genus sucutora Barrande [See pl. zo] Page 294 Buchiola (?) livoniae sp. nov. Page 299 A right valve showing the numerous ribs and very fine con- centric lines. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake A left valve. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Livonia salt shaft Buchiola cf. eifelensis Beushausen Cardinal view of an internal cast showing serrations on the hinge. x6 Lower Upper Devonic Bidesheim, Germany Genus paracarpium Barrande Page 303 Paracardium delicatulum sp. nov. Page 304 A right valve showing the very fine radial lines. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Paracardium doris Hall Page 304 Interior views of replacements of both valves showing the entire absence of articular processes. x10 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake A right valve, transverse from compression. x5 A left valve. x3 LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 11 J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers. fe 16, Io Il 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 413 A left valve of more nearly normal outline. x5 Naples subprovince Rock Stream A left valve enlarged. [Copy from Pal. N.Y. v.5, pt 1, pl.7o, fig. ro. | Genesee valley Cashaqua creek Genus PRAECARDIUM Barrande Page 305 Praecardium vetustum Hall Page 306 A right valve showing the oblique form and distant flat ribs A left valve with the posterior portion flattened and hence showing more ribs Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie A normal left valve with flat ribs, broad flat intervals and fine concentric striae. XI.5 Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills Another left valve. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville A left valve. [Copy from Pal. N. Y. v.5, pt 1, pl.7o, fig. 19] Chautauqua subprovince Shore of Lake Erie Two views of an internal cast showing the smooth area beneath the beak. x2 ‘Squeeze of exterior of the cardinal area showing an elongate ligament surface. x3 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville A left valve. Natural size Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie Praecardium melletes sp. nov. Page 307 ; A left valve showing the sparse and distant ribs. x2 From the sandstone with Chemung brachiopods lying above the Portage beds, in Terry’s ravine, Forestville 414 21 22 23 24 25 26 27,28 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Praecardium multicostatum sp. nov. Page 308 A right valve showing the flat and slightly concave ribs. x3 A left valve. x2 Another left valve with similar features as figure 21 A left valve. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Praecardium duplicatum Miinster (sp.) Page 307 A left valve bearing broad ribs, flattened and quite concave on top, and with sharply elevated edges; the intervening grooves have nearly the same width as the double ribs. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville Genus ruetta Barrande Page 309 Puella sp.? A small shell possibly representing this genus; the only one as yet found within the Portage formation Naples subprovince Puella sp. Cook’s ravine, Canandaigua lake Two valves showing the character of the exterior. x1.5 Genesee shale Puella sp.? Seneca point, Canandaigua lake s A right valve of uncertain relations Genesee shale Iron Bridge Mills, Cayuga creek 416 10, 16, II 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 12 Genus rosmwwonra Bronn Page 264 Posidonia mesacostalis Williams (sp.) Page 267 A left valve. x3 A right valve. x3 Left valves. x3 Chautauqua subprovince Johnson’s falls, near Strykersville, Wyoming county A right valve, x3, with highly developed ear External cast of right valve with the opposite valve over- lying. x3 A left valve. x3 Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola Posidonia attica Williams (sp.) Page 265 Right and left valves of the same individual. x3 A right valve. x5 Naples subprovince Pogue’s hill, Dansville A right valve. x5 ‘ Chautauqua subprovince Big Sister creek, Angola A right valve. x3 Enlargement of a portion of the surface. x5 Naples subprovince Pogue’s hill, Dansville Posidonia venusta Miinster var. nitidula var. nov. Page 268 Right valves. x2 The two valves in juxtaposition. x3 A right valve. x3 Chautauqua subprovince 16, 17, 19 Correll’s point, Lake Erie; 18, Gowanda ' LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 12 G. S. Barkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers - » 20 21-27 28 29 30 32-34 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 417 Genus acrinoprerRiA Hall Page 263 Actinopteria sola sp. nov. Page 263 A left valve. x1o Cashaqua shales Cashaqua creek Genus Exasmatium gen. nov. Page 293 Elasmatium gowandense sp. nov. Page 294 A series of left valves showing the bending of the shell along the principal clavicular ridge. Indications of the secondary or posterior internal ridge are shown in figures 23, 24, 27 A left valve. x2 A large left valve Chautauqua subprovince Gowanda and Forestville Genus terropomus McCoy Page 315 Leptodomus multiplex sp. nov. Page 315 A right valve showing the surface characters Naples subprovince Rhinestreet black shale, Naples Genus moprexra Hall Page 316 Modiella sp. ? Page 316 Internal cast of a right valve. x2 Naples subprovince Naples Leptodomus interplicatus sp. nov. Page 315 Three views of the shell variously compressed und showing the characteristic surface features Naples subprovince In the Hatch shales, Naples 418 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Genus conocarpium Bronn Page 310 Conocardium gowandense sp. nov. Page 310 35 The left valve. x2 36 The median part of the surface enlarged. x5 Chautauqua subprovince Gowanda 420 10; 11 13, ¥3 14 15-17 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 13 Genus xocu1a Frech Page 269 Kochia ungula sp. nov. Page 270 Two views of a left valve, showing the arched contour, incurved and recurved beak. The specimen has suffered “some compression which has lessened its actual curvature A series of small arched valves A flat valve which provisionally is regarded as the right valve of this species. xI.5 Another of these flat valves incomplete on the right margin which gives it the expression of reversal with reference to figure6. It is believed that both represent like valves. Cardinal view of an internal cast of the arched valve from which the umbo has been removed showing the cardinal XI.5 structure. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie Genus toxorrerra Frech Page 271 [See pl. 14] Loxopteria dispar Sandberger (sp.) Page 272 A nearly entire left valve showing contour and surface charac. ters, XI.5 Left valves. x1.5 Right valves. x2 Surface of the left valve. x3 Incomplete right valves Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Loxopteria vasta sp. nov. Page 275 18 A large right valve Chautauqua subprovince Forestville LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 13 J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers 422 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 14 Genus toxorrerra Frech Page 271 [See pl. 13] Loxopteria laevis Frech Page 274 1-4 Right valves, showing the depressed surface and sharply elevated wing. Al x2 except figure 3 which is an enlarge- ment of the umbonal region showing the larval concavity at the beak. x5 5-7 Left valves. x1.5 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville and Gowanda Loxopteria (Sluzka) intumescentis sp. nov. Page 276 8-14, 16,17 A series of left valves showing the usual aspect and variations of these shells in different growth stages. Figure 16 is a cardinal view showing the vertical area below and behind the beak. Figure 10 shows a portion of the surface with the large larval shell. Figure 17 is an elongate shell of quite usual outline. Figure 10, x3; 11, X2; 12-14, X1.5; 16, 17, X2 Chautauqua subprovince Walnut creek, Forestville and Correll’s point, Lake Erie Loxopteria (Sluzka) corrugata sp. nov. Page 277 15, 18-26 A series of left valves showing the variation in the character of the corrugated surface. Figure 15, 19-21, x2; 22, x3; 23, X2t 24, XT.5; 25, 26, x2 Chautauqua subprovince . Forestville and Correll’s point, Lake Erie LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 14 G. S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers 424 3s 4 5 10, II 12 13 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 15 Genus pataronero Hall Page 311 Palaeoneilo petila sp. nov. Page 311 Sculpture cast of a right valve. x2 Sculpture cast of a left valve. x2 Naples subprovince Naples Three ‘views of a specimen with the valves in normal apposi- tion; a barite replacement. x3 The exterior of a right valve; a replacement. x3 The same from within showing the straight and numerous denticulations, the relatively broad cardinal platform and the position of the muscle scars. x5 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake An internal cast showing the cardinal denticulations. x5 Chautauqua subprovince Pontiac N.Y. Palaeoneilo constricta Conrad (sp.) Page 311 A right valve. x2 Left and right valves. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Correll’s point, Lake Erie Cast of cardinal area of left valve, showing the curvature of the denticuiations and sockets. x10 A left valve. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Palaeoneilo muricata sp. nov. Page 312 Exterior of a barite replacement of the left valve showing the three umbonal ridges and furrows, strong and posteriorly lamellose growth ridges. x7 LAMELLIBRANCHS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 15 pannenersteernsieg @ 1} G. S. Rarkentin del. J.B. Lyon Co. State Printers 15 16 17, 18 19-21 - 22 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 425 Interior of the same showing the character of the cardinal denticulations. x7 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake Palaeoneilo brevicula sp. nov. Page 313 The exterior of the left valve ; the only specimen observed. x5 Chautauqua subprovince Forks of Cattaraugus creek, Gowanda Palaeoneilo linguata sp. nov. Page 314 Sculpture casts of right valves. x2 Sculpture cast of left valves. x2 A right valve somewhat compressed posteriorly and showing the cardinal denticulations. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville 426 T, 2, 4,5 9, 10 LI-15 16, 17 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 16 Genus puracmostoma Hall Page 322 Phragmostoma natator Hall Page 325 Specimens from the Cashaqua shales showing the usual form and the concentric surface markings Naples subprovince Naples and vicinity A smaller example Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Phragmostoma cf. triliratum Hall Hf Page 327 An incomplete specimen showing the divergent dorsal ridges on the lateral slopes of the shell Naples subprovince Hamilton gully, Honeoye lake Phragmostoma incisum Clarke Page 327 An entire specimen showing the marginal outline and the incised revolving lines. x1.5 Front view of a replacement showing the striation. x3 Naples subprovince Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake Two views showing the normal contour of the shell but incomplete at the marginal outline. x3 Naples subprovince Naples Views of barite replacements showing the form of the flattened and excavated umbonal callus with the reflected lip. 11, 13 and 15, x3; 12 and 14, x2. Figure 15 is from the same specimen as figure 8. Naples subprovince Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake Two small specimens from the shales Naples subprovince Naples GASTROPODS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 16 C_S. Rarkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 427 Genus carrarorsis Hall Page 323 _Carinaropsis ithagenia sp. nov. Page 323 18 An external cast showing the umbonal platform 20 Internal cast of the same, showing that the platform is medially ridged Ithaca beds Canasawacta creek, Norwich 19 The interior of a larger specimen : Ithaca beds Brookins quarry near Norwich 428 10, II NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 17 Genus paracmostoma Hall [See pl. x6] Page 322 Phragmostoma chautauquae sp. nov. Page 328 Side view of the innermost volutions showing the revolving confluent lines. x5 Dorsal view of an older shell in which the seam is developed. The revolving lines have disappeared, their place being taken by fine concentric lines. x3 Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills Apertural view of an adult specimen, somewhat incomplete but showing the explanate stoma. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Portion of the ultimate whorl. x2 Part of a young shell with coexistent revolving and concen- tric lines. x5 Dorsal view of avery young shell in which the peripheral seam is only suggested and the revolving lines are seen to be confluent and interrupted. x10 Two nearly adult shells with concentric ornaments only. The latter shows the premature closing of the peripheral seam. 23 An enlargement of a young shell with confluent revolving striae. XIO Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills Two mature but compressed individuals. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville GASTROPODS Plate 17 Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers G. S. Barkentin del. 12-14 es) 16 17-20 21, 22 23 24-26 27, 25 NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 429 Genus sBettERorHon Montfort Page 320 Bellerophon koeneni sp. nov. Page 320 Views of a replacement in barite, partially incomplete but showing contour and external characters. x2 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Dorsal view of an old example showing the reappearance of concentric lines about the later parts of the shell. x2 Exterior of an adult shell, a replacement Replacements exposing the inner whorls, the first three showing the gradual assumption of the tuberculous ornament, and all enlarged x2; except figure 18 which is x1o and shows the fine con-entric lines which precede the appearance of the. tubercles. Dorsal and side views of a small individual. x2 Another young shell. x2 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex Bellerophon denckmanni sp. nov. Page 321 Views of a replaced shell. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex Dorsal views of two individuals. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Bristol 430 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 18 Genus rroriwocyetus De Koninck Page 330 Tropidocyclus hyalinus sp. nov. Page 33: 1,2 Apertural and dorsal views of a replacement showing the trilo- bation of the stoma and back, due to the median ridge. x5 3 Side view of a smaller shell. x5 4 Side view of an entire shell showing the form of the aperture, the degree of umbilication and the character of the surface markings. x7 Naples subprovince Honeoye lake Genus catztonema Hall Page 337 Callonema filosum sp. nov. Page 337 5 The original specimen. x5 Chautauqua subprovince Smith’s Mills Genus toxonema Phillips Page 332 Loxonema noe Clarke Page 332 _..- 6,7 Very young shells with convex and essentially smooth whorls ; . enlarged about 13 diameters 8-10 Essentially entire shells, all replacements in barite. x3 Naples subprovince Localities about Naples and Honeoye lake Loxonema danai sp. nov. Page 333 11 A shell overgrown with Aulopora. x2 12,13 Two examples showing the numerous whorls and the obscure surface markings. x2 Chautauqua subprovince Forestville GASTROPODS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 18 ___G.S. Barkentin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 431 Loxonema multiplicatum sp. nov. Page 333 14 The original specimen with broad whorls and coarse surface markings Chautauqua subprovince Upper Portage falls, Genesee river Genus macrocurtina Bayle Page 334 Macrochilina seneca sp. nov. Page 334 15,16 Two specimens showing the short spire and relatively large body whorl. Each x1o Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Macrochilina pygmaea sp. nov. Page 334 17 Anentire shell replaced in barite. x20 . Naples subprovince Honeoye lake 18,19 Two larger shells. x20 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake i 2 432 Io 14 11-13 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 19 Genus protocatyprrara Clarke Page 339 Protocalyptraea marshalli Clarke Page 339 Views of the original specimen, the shell being somewhat restored to its normal outline; a barite replacement. x3. Naples subprovince Whetstone gully, Honeoye lake Sculpture casts from the shales, showing the spiral suture. x2 Protocalyptraea styliophila Clarke Page 339 Two views of the original specimen showing the internal course of the whorls. x2 Surface of the same enlarged to show the concentric striae. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Canandaigua lake Genus prapsorostoma Fischer Page 337 Diaphorostoma lutheri sp. nov. An internal cast representing a shell apparently malformed in having the periphery of the final whorl strongly indented. x1.5 The exterior of an associated shell showing the general aspect and elevation of the whorls. x1.5. The final whorl in this species is full and rotund but less sothan in D.rotunda- tum and the spire is higher. Naples subprovince Naples Diaphorostoma (Naticopsis) rotundatum sp. nov. Page 337 Three views of the exterior showing the inflated body whorl and the very low spire. x3 Chautauqua subprovince Angola GASTROPODS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum ‘ Plate 19 AS Aten da. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 433 Diaphorostoma pugnus sp. nov. Page 338 15 A specimen from the Melocrinus plantation above the Genundewa limestone Naples subprovince Blacksmith ravine, Bristol 16 A specimen found attached to a Melocrinus calyx Chautauqua subprovince Fox's point, Lake Erie Genus ratarorrocaus Hall Page 335 Palaeotrochus praecursor Clarke Page 335 17-26 A series of views mostly of entire shells, preserved as replace- ments in barite. In figure 24 will be observed the gradual passage of the ornament from the concentric ridges of the earliest whorls into the revolving rows of tubercles which on adult whorls are crossed by fine concentric lines [fig. 26]. Figure 20 isa calcareous specimen from the shales; figure 25 an internal cast showing the internal excavation of the outer lip. All are enlarged to two diameters except figure 18, x3 and figure 24, x5. Naples subprovince From the shales at Naples and the concretions on Honeoye lake Chautauqua subprovince In the concretions‘at Java village Genus preuroromaria Defrance Page 316 Pleurotomaria capillaria Conrad cognata mut. nov. Page 317 27,28 The exteriors of these shells. x2 290 ©The lower portion of the final whorl. x4 Naples subprovince Naples 30 Anincomplete specimen. x2 Naples subprovince Lodi falls 434 31 32 33 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pleurotomaria itylus sp. nov. Page 318 An enlargement of the surface The exterior of the shell Chautauqua subprovince Forestville Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov. [See pl. 20] Page 319 Apertural view of a barite replacement. x5 Axial view of the interior. x5 Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex 436 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PLATE 20 Genus pievroromaria Defrance Page 316 Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov. [See pl. x9] Page 319 1-7 Various views of this species showing the limits of variation in the character of the exterior. All enlarged x5 except fig- ures 1 and 5 which are x3. Naples subprovince Genundewa limestone, Middlesex Pleurotomaria ciliata sp. nov. Page 318 8-14 A series of views showing the expression and variations of the shell. x5 Naples subprovince From the concretions in Whetstone gully, Conesus lake Genus prorospPimiALis gen. Nov. Page 340 Protospirialis minutissima Clarke Page 340 15-19 Various views of these tenuous and smooth shells enlarged to 5 diameters Naples subprovince Barite replacements from the calcaréous concretions of Honeoye lake Genus rentacunires Schlotheim Page 342 Tentaculites tenuicinctus A. Roemer Page 343 20 A specimen enlarged 10 diameters 21 Avstill greater enlargement to show the character of the annulations Naples subprovince In the arenacéous concretions at Naples GASTROPODS Memoir 6. N.Y. State Museum Plate 20 (2 © Rarlantin del. J. B. Lyon Co. State Printers. NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 437 Genus nyoxrrravus Eichwald Page 341 Hyolithus neapolis Clarke Page 341 22-30 Aseries of specimens representing both aspects of this species. Figures 27—29 are of a replacement which preserves normal contour and the form of the aperture; figure 30 is the only specimen observed from the Chautauqua subprovince, the rest are from the shales and concretions about Naples and Honeoye lake. All are enlarged 1.5 diameters except figures 27-29 which are x7. INDEX Page numbers referring to descriptions are printed in black face type. Aachen, Intumescens fauna, 351, 352. Acanthodes, 202. pristis, 358, 360. Actinocrinidae, 349. Actinopteria, 263-64. boydi, 263. delta, 264. epsilon, 264. eta, 264. perstrialis, 264. sola sp. nov., 263-64, 363. explanation of plate, 417. Adorf limestone, 351, 353, 354, 368, 369, 370. Agassiz, A., cited, 201. Alabama, black shale, 372. Alps, eastern, Intumescens fauna, 353-54. Altai, Intumescens fauna, 355. Alvinston, Canada, 375. Ambonychias, 227. Ammonitoid faunas, 350. Amnigenia catskillensis, 205. Amphigoniacea, 225. Andrussow, cited, 200. Angola N. Y., 266, 300, 301, 303, 338. Angola shales, 214, 345, 348, 357, 365, 366, 368, 370, 380, 381. Aporoxylon primigenium, 369, 375- Appalachian gulf, 199; apex must have reached to Albany, 204; bionic provinces during Portage time, 209-11. Araucarites ungeri, 375. Archaeopteris, 206. Archanodon, 205. Astarte subtextilis, 292. Asteropteris, 201. noveboracensis, 364. Athabasca, Canada, 376. Athyris cora, 307. Attica N. Y., 257, 266. Aulopora, 218. annectens, 360, 364. Aurora N. Y., 252. Avicula, 226, 294, 295. dispar, 271, 272. fragilis, 247, 249, 250. hians, 265, 371. laevis, 376. problematica, 371. speciosa, 295. Aviculoids, 218. Aviculopecten, 247. fragilis, 249. Bacterium hydrosulfuricum ponticum, 200. Bactrites, 352, 354, 357, 306, 372, 381-82. aciculum, 212, 358, 301, 366, 373. carinatus, 355. gracilior, 358, 361, 366, 371. gracilis, 352. -subflexuosus, 353, 355, 301, 306, 368, 370, 381. Bainbridge O., 347. Barcelona N. Y., 293, 306, 311. Barrande, J., cited, 216, 219, 221, 269, 277, 279, 281, 305. Barrois, C., cited, 351. Bavaria, Germany, black shales, 200. Beaver Dams N. Y., 318, 326. Beilstein, Germany, 278. Belgium, Intumescens fauna, 351, 3523 brachiopod fauna, 383. Bellerophon, 218, 320-22. 440 Bellerophon alutaceus, 320, 321. curvilineatus, 330, 331. cyrtolites, 330. denckmanni sp. nov., 321-22, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 429. expansus, 323, 325. incisus, 327. koeneni sp. nov., 320-21, 359, 362, 372, 382. explanation of plate, 429. leda, 322, 323. macrostoma, 323. maera, 320, 321. nactus, 329. natator, 324, 325. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bosanquet Ont., black shale, 372. Bothriolepis, 206, 208. Brachiopods, 213, 218, 354, 355, 358, 359, 378. Branchport N. Y., 231, 232, 252. Brancoceras lentiforme, 354. sulcatum, 353. Bristol N. Y., 239, 252, 298, 322, 338. British Columbia, Intumescens fauna, 356; black shale, 376. Brittany, Intumescens fauna, 351. Brocton, see Correll’s point. Broderip, cited, 279. Buch, L. v. cited, 285. Buchiola, 216, 217, 218, 294-803, 305. patulus, 323, 324. (Phragmostoma) rhenanus, 324, 325. striatus, 320, 328, 329. (Phragmostoma ?) tricarinatum, 327. triliratus, 327. tuberculatus, 320, 372, 382. Beloceras, 380. gracilis, 371. ‘iynx, 281, 358, 361, 366, 370, 380, 381. kayseri, 353, 354, 370. multilobatum, 353, 354. Bennettsburg N. Y., 318, 326. Beushausen, L., cited, 206, 217, 220, 221, 227, 241, 242, 269, 280, 281, 285, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 297, 302, 303, 305, 307, 308, 309, 351. Bicken, Germany, 344, 367. Big Buffalo creek, 254. Big Sister creek, 266, 300, 303, 338. Big Stone Gap Ky., 374. Black sea, sedimentation and bionomic con- ditions, 200. Black shales, 199-204, 352, 355, 369; rela- tion of the fauna to, 372-82; in New York, maximum thickness, 375. Blake, results obtained by, 201. Bohemia, Austria, 216. (Puella?) sp. explanation of plate, 409. angolensis sp. nov., 300-1, 357, 364. explanation of plate, 410. angulifera, 352, 354. conversa sp. nov., 212, 300, 357, 359, 363. explanation of plate, 409. cf, eifelensis, explanation of plate, 412. ferruginea, 302. halli sp. nov., 299, 301-2. explanation of plate, 408-09. (?) livoniae sp. nov., 212, 299, 360, 363. explanation of plate, 412. lupina sp. nov., 301, 357, 364. explanation of plate, 410. mariae, 212. palmata, 296, 352, 353, 354. cf. priimiensis, 302-3, 354, 357, 364, 368, 370. explanation of plate, 409. retrostriata, 212, 286, 294, 295-98, 302, 303, 352, 353, 354, 355, 357; 359, 363, 368, 370, 373, 378. explanation of plate, 408. Se also Car- diola (Buchiola) retrostriata. scabrosa sp. nov., 299-800, 302, 357, 359, 360, 363. explanation of plate, 410. INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Buchiola stuprosa sp. nov., 298. explanation of plate, 409. Biidesheim, Germany, 303, 352, 368, 360, 382. Byssonychias, 223, 227. Cabriéres, Intumescens fauna, 351. Calamites, 201. Callonema, 337. filosum sp. nov., 387, 357, 362. explanation of plate, 430. pilosa sp. now., 372. Camarophoria, 378. Campbell, M. R., cited, 208. Canada, black shale, 375-76. Canandaigua lake, 236, 245, 246, 252, 253, 257, 259, 286, 298,.299, 300, 305, 309, 310, 319, 321, 326, 327, 333, 334, 342. Capulidae, 269. Capulus galeroides, 339. Cardiocaris, 360, 369, 370, 382. Cardioconch condition, 217-18. Cardioconchae, 217. Cardiola, 217, 279, 294, 378. (Ontaria) articulata, 353-54, 371, 382. bickensis, 354. (Ontaria) clarkei, 262, 281, 288. See also Ontaria clarkei. concentrica, 285, 286, 353, 354, 355, 371, 382. cornucopiae, 280. doris, 304. duplicata, 307. ibergense, 371. inflata, 354. interrupta, 279, 280, 281. nehdensis, 307. (Buchiola) retrostriata, 295, 296, 382. See also Buchiola retrostriata. speciosa, 295, 373- subarticulata, 290, 291, 371. subradiata, 353. 441 Cardiola (Ontaria) tenuistriata, 382. vetusta, 306. Cardiomorpha obliquata, plate, 406. suborbicularis, 282, 283. subtextilis, 292. textilis, 292. undulata, 292. Cardium, 294. alternans, 256, 371. palmatum, 296. paucicostatum, 256, 371. pectunculoides, 286. prumiense, 302. semialatum, 256, 371. triangulum, 256. Pvetustum, 306. Caribbean sea, terrestrial vegetation in, 201. Carinaropsis, 322, 325. (Phragmostoma) cunulae, 322. cymbula, 322. . ithagenia sp. nov., 323, 326. explanation of plate, 427. Cashaqua shales, 212, 213, 214, 252, 318, 348, 357, 358, 360-64, 365, 366, 367, 369, 370. Cassianella, 272. Catskill stage, 208. Cattaraugus creek, 314, 329, 336. Cattaraugus stage, 209. Cayuga creek, 231, 252, 255, 288, 306, 310, 326. c Cayuga lake, 302. Cephalopods, 215, 356, 357, 358, 359, 377; 378, 381. Ceratiocaris, 352. Ceratiodictya annulata, 213. Chaenocardia, 219. Chaenocardiola, 220, 227, 228. haliotoidea, 220. Chautauqua county, fauna, 214. explanation of 442 Chautauqua subprovince, 211, 214; range of species in, 356; list of species, 360-64; distinctive features of faunas, 365-67. Chemung fauna, 336, 356. See also Ithaca and Chemung faunas. Chemung shales, 376. Chenu, cited, 280. Chiloceras, 353, 383. Sp., 344-45. curvispina, 352. planilobus, 352. sacculus, 354. subpartitum, 352. verneuili, 351, 352, 355. Chiloceras horizon, 351. Chonetes sp., 218. scitulus, 364. setiger, 376. speciosa, 373. Cladoxylon mirabile, 364, 369, 370, 375- Clarke, John M., cited, 205, 206, 211; 296, 324, 330, 348. Clarke, Noah T., mentioned, 348. Clay shales, 352, 355. Claypole, E. W., cited, 208. Clearwater river, 376. Cleland, H. F., mentioned, 348. Clymenia, 366, 383. angustiseptata, 352, 355. annulata, 352, 353, 355. ?complanata, 373. dunkeri, 355. flexuosa, 352, 355. krasnopolskii, 355. levigata, 353, 355. speciosa, 352, 355. striata, 352, 353. subarmata, 352. undulata, 352, 353, 355- Clymenia limestone, 274, 307, 308, 309, 351, 352, 353, 355, 368, 369, 370. Concretionary limestone, 352. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Condroz psammites, 351. Conesus lake, 231, 252, 257, 313, 319, 327. Conocardiopsis, 227. Conocardium, 227, 310. gowandense sp. nov., 310, 356, 364, 371. explanation of plate, 418. Conodonts, 357, 358. Conrath, P., cited, 303, 305. Coral reef facies, 355. Coral reef limestone, 354. Corals, 218, 352, 354, 355, 300. Cordaeoxylon clarkei, 364, 360, 370, 375. Correll’s point N. Y., 235, 242, 246, 268, 271, 276, 278, 287, 293, 306, 311, 329. Crania sp., 218. centralis, 364. Crenipecten glaber, 307. Crinoids, 360. Crustacea, 358, 373. Culm, 350. Cyathocrinus ornatissimus, 348. Cyathophylloid, 218. Cyclostigma, 201. affine, 364, 369, 370. Cypridina serratostriata, 344. splendens, 344. Cypridina shales, 342, 351, 352, 353, 355, 367, 369, 370, 373, 375: Cyrtia murchisoniana, 351. Cyrtoclymenia neapolitana, 235, 358, 361, 371. spinosa, 371. Dadoxylon, 215. Dansville N. Y., 266. Dawson, W., cited, 369, 375. Decapods, 373. Deer Park Md., 336. De Koninck, L. de, cited, 323, 330, 351. Delphi Ind., 374.. Denckmann, A., cited, 351. Diaphorostoma, 337-38. INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Diaphorostoma lineatum, 338. lutheri sp. nov., explanation of plate, 432. pugnus, sp. nov., 388, 357, 359, 362, 372, 382. explanation of plate, 433. (Naticopsis) rotundatum sp. nov., 337- 38, 357, 358, 362. explanation of plate, 432. Dictyosponges, 213. Dictyospongia morini, 351. Dill Basin, Intumescens fauna, 352, 353. Dimyarians, 218. Dinichthys, 202. newberryi, 358, 359, 3060. Dipterocaris, 358, 360, 369, 370, 382. Dolomitic schists, 352. Domanik shales, 355, 368, 370, 377, 378. Drevermann, F., cited, 324, 350. Dualina, 217. Dunkirk shales, 214, 357, 375. East Elma N. Y., 254. Echinocaris ?, 352, 373- ? beecheri, 360. ? longicauda, 360. multinodosa, 373. pustulosa, 373. sublaevis, 373. Edmondia? tenuistriata, 282, 283, 285. Eifel, Intumescens fauna, 351, 352. Eighteen Mile creek, 252. Elasmatium gen. nov., 293-94, 366. gowandense sp. nov., 294, 356, 363. explanation of plate, 417. Elbersreuth, Germany, 371. Eleutherocaris whitfieldi, 358, 360. Elk river, 376. Enkeberg, Germany, 274, 293, 307, 308, 309, 371. Entomis, 378. gyrata, 351. sandbergeri, 351. 443 Entomis serratostriata, 344, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 360, 367, 370, 383. variostriata, 344, 360, 367, 370. Ereré sandstone, 331. Erie county, fauna, 214. Estheria membranacea, 206. Europe, Upper Devonic deposits, 350. Euthydesma, 216, 291-938, 354, 366. beyrichi, 291, 292, 293, 352, 353. subtextile, 292-98, 345, 356, 357, 363, 368, 370. : explanation of plate, 407. Explanation of plates, 385-437. Famenne schists, 351. Farnham creek, 242, 252, 300, 301, 303. Ferns, 206. Fillmore N. Y., 3306. Fishes, 202, 206, 358, 359. Folks Mill Md., 304. Forestville N. Y., 233, 235, 237, 244, 274, 275, 276, 278, 293, 294, 300, 306, 307, 309, 311, 314, 318, 329, 333, 341, 345- Fox’s point N. Y., 233, 266, 338, 348. Fraipont, J., mentioned, 348. Franconia, Germany, 219, 368. Frasne limestone and shales, 352. Frech, F., cited, 264, 266, 268, 269, 271, 272, 275, 281, 351. Frisches Haff, 207. Gardeau flags, 213, 357. Gastropods, 215, 218, 316-40, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 358, 359, 378, 382; earliest ap- pearance, 203. Geikie, A., cited, 207. Genesee province, 210-11, 382; subprov- inces, 211; comparisons of stratigraphic sections, 212-14; geographic distribution of the fauna, 360. See also Naples fauna. Genesee river, 231, 241, 243, 245, 257, 258, 306, 333, 336. 444 Genesee river section, 213-14. Genesee shales, 212, 245, 252, 253, 257, 208, 310, 357, 359, 375- Genundewa N. Y., 339. Genundewa (Styliola) limestone, 203, 211, 236, 239, 246, 252, 253, 259, 286, 208, 299, 300, 304, 305, 310, 319, 321, 322, 326, 327, 333, 334, 339, 342, 357, 359, 360-64, 366, 369, 375- Geological survey of 1843, fossils acquired from Portage formation, 377. Gephyroceras, 216, 354, 365, 374, 379-81. aequabile, 353. auritum, 355. bisulcatum, 355. calculiforme, 353, 354. cataphractum, 361. cf. domanicense, 345, 355, 357, 301, 3606, 368, 370, 380. forcipifer, 353, 370. . (Probeloceras?) genundewa, 359, 361, 370. holzapfeli, 357, 361, 380. keyserlingi, 355. lebedeffi, 355. perlatum, 361. tegale, 355. rex, 380. syrjanicum, 355. tschernyschewi, 355, 380. uchtense, 355. uralicum, 355. Gerichowsk limestone, 355. Girty, G. H., cited, 373, 374. Gitocrangon granulatus, 373. Glenora N. Y., 252. Glyptocardia, 294. speciosa, 295, 298, 301, 302. Gomphoceras, 355. ajax, 357, 361. atreus, 371, 381. manes, 361. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Gomphoceras timanicum, 381. uchtense, 371, 381. Goniatite beds, 307. Goniatite limestone, 354, 367, 369. Goniatites, 202, 352, 353; earliest appear- ance, 203. Goniatites cinctus, 346. delphiensis, 374. wabashensis, 374. Gonioceras tuberculoso-costatus, 370. Goodchild, J. G., cited, 207. Gosselet, J., cited, 269, 351. Gottendorf, Germany, 308. Gowanda N. Y., 268, 274, 275, 293, 294, 306, 310, 314. Great Slave lake, 376. Great Slave river, 376. Green shales, 351. Grimes sandstone, 213, 358. Griswold N. Y., 252. Grund, Germany, 371. Girich, G., cited, 351. Hall, James, cited, 214, 221, 227, 229, 240, 253, 296, 298, 301, 303, 306, 311, 312, 313, 322, 323, 324, 335, 346, 348. Hamilton fauna, 373, 376. Hamilton shales, 252, 316. Hartz, Germany, 321, 339, 353-54, 307, 369. Hatch flags and shales, 213, 315, 357, 358. Havana, see Montour Falls. Hay river, 376. Highpoint standstone, 213, 214, 356, 358. Himrod’s N. Y., 232, 321. Hoernesia, 272. Holopea decheni, 372. Holopella decheni, 337. Holoptychius, 206, 208, 351. Holzapfel, E., cited, 219, 220, 221, 241, 242, 248, 291, 338, 350, 351, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382. INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Honeoye lake, 231, 235, 257, 300, 313, 318, 319, 327, 328, 332, 333, 334, 340, 341. Honeoyea gen. nov., 216, 218, 255-61, 280, 371-72. desmata sp. nov., 260-61, 358, 363. explanation of plate, 401. erinacea sp. nov., 255, 256-57, 258, 359, 363. explanation of plate, 400-1. major sp. nov., 258, 358, 350, 363. explanation of plate, 400. simplex sp. nov., 256, 259, 359, 303. explanation of plate, 4oo. styliophila sp. nov., 258-59, 360, 363. explanation of plate, 400. Huron shale, 373. Hydnoceras barroisi, 351. jeumontense, 351. tuberosum, 213. variabile, 213. Hydriodictya cylix, 213. Hyolithus, 204, 341. aclis, 341. neapolis, 341, 357, 358, 361. explanation of plate, 437. Hypothyris cuboides, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 376, 382. 4 Iberg limestone, 339, 350, 353, 354) 355: Illinois, black shale, 372. Indiana, fossils from, 369, 374; black shale, 372; beds underlying the black shale, 373. Intumescens fauna outside of New York, development, 350-64. Intumescens zone, see Manticoceras intu- mescens ; Naples fauna. Iowa, Intumescens fauna, 356. Iron Bridge Mills N. Y., 252, 310. Irvine Ky., 374. Isbister, fossils collected by, 376. Isocardia, 277. ’ Ithaca N. Y., 247, 252. 445 Ithaca and Chemung faunas, division plane, 213; spread westward from central New York, 214. Ithaca province, 209-10. Jaekel, 0., cited, 206. Java Village N. Y., 303, 336. Kadzielnia, 354. Kalymma grandis, 369, 370, 375. Karpinsky, cited, 342. Kayser, E., cited, 269, 307, 351. Kellwasser limestone, 352, 353, 354. Kennicott, fossils collected by, 376. Kentucky, fossils from, 369, 375; black shale, 372, 374. Kettle Point Ont., black shale, 372, 375. Keyserling, cited, 377, 382. . Kinderhook limestone, 330. Kindle, E. M., cited, 373, 374. Kirchhofsberg, 354. Koch, C., cited, 269, 351. Kochia, 218, 269-71, 366. capuliformis, 269, 270, 271. | (Loxopteria) dispar, 272. See also Lox- opteria dispar. laevis, 274. See also Loxopteria laevis. rugosa, 278. ungula sp. nov., 270-71, 356, 363. explanation of plate, 420. Koenen, A. v., mentioned, 348. Koken, E., cited, 323, 331. Kurisches Haff, 207. Lagow limestone, 354. Lake Erie section, 214; vertical range of species, 356-57. Lake Huron, black shale, 372. Lake Oneonta, 205-7; nonmarine stages succeeding, 207-0. Lamellibranchs, 215, 216-18, 352, 353, 350, 357, 358, 359, 300, 366, 382; earliest ap- 446 pearance, 203; Noetling’s observations on morphology, 225, 282. Laona sandstone, 214, 356. Lepidodendron, 201, 206, 351, 358. gaspianum, 364. primaevum, 364. Leptodesma, 264. multiplex, 358, 364. -sp. cf. rogersi, 264, 363. Leptodomus, 315-16. arcuatus, 315. interplicatus sp. nov., 315, 358, 364. ‘explanation of plate, 417. multiplex sp. nov., 315-16. explanation of plate, 417. Lexington Ind., 374. Liard river, 377. Lima hians, 222. Lime Creek shales, 356. Limoptera, 272. Lingula, 372. Sp., 218. ligea, 359, 364, 373, 375: spatulata, 364, 374, 376. ‘triquetra, 364. Lingulipora williamsana, 364, 374-75. Liorhynchus, 353. quadricostatum, 373, -374. Little Athabasca river, 376. Little Canadaway creek, 294. Livingstonville N. Y., 406. Livonia N. Y., 235. Lodi N. Y., 298, 318. - Long Beards riffs sandstone, 356. Loomis, F. B., cited, 302. Loxogoniacea, 225: Loxonema, 218, 332-33. arcuatum, 353, 371. danai sp. nov., 888, 357, 362. explanation of plate, 430. delphicola, 332. hamiltoniae, 332. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Loxonema multiplicatum sp. nov., 383, 362. explanation of plate; 431. noe, 332-38, 358, 359, 362, 371. explanation of plate, 430. piliger, 353. tenuicostatum, 353. Loxopteria, 216, 218, 271-79, 366. (Sluzka) corrugata sp. nov., 276, 277-79, 356, 357, 363, 371. explanation of plate, 422. dispar, 271, 272-74, 276, 279, 345, 352, 353, 356, 363, 368, 370. explanation of plate, 420. (Sluzka) intumescentis sp. nov., 276-77, 356, 357, 363. explanation of plate, 422. laevis, 271, 274-75, 276, 279, 352, 356, 357, 363, 368, 370. explanation of plate, 422. rugosa, 271, 278, 353, 354, 371. vasta sp. nov., 275-76, 356, 363. explanation of plate, 420. Lucina? retusa, 282, 285. varysburgia, 282, 283. wyomingensis, 282, 283, 286, 287. Lunulicardia, 215. Lunulicardium, 216, 217, 218, 219-47, 280, 354, 306; monomyarian affinity of genus, 226; proposed subdivisions, 227-20.. Sp. nov.?, 245-46. sp. nov., 245, 363. explanation of plates, 389, 390. Sp. nov., 246. ; ' explanation of plate, 395. (Prochasma) absegmen sp. nov., 241, 242, 356, 362, 371. explanation of plate, 393. (Pinnopsis) accola sp. nov., 233-34, 356, 362, 371. on, explanation of plate, 395. INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN Lunulicardium (Pinnopsis) acutirostrum, 229-31, 232, 233, 358, 362. explanation of plates, 386, 395. adorfense, 353. beushauseni sp. nov., 242, 2438-44, 291, 357, 363- explanation of plates, 393, 395. (Prochasma) bickense sp. nov., 240-42, 353, 357, 362, 368, 370. explanation of plate, 392. (Chaenocardiola) clymeniae sp. nov., 224, 234-35, 236, 358, 362, 371. explanation of plate, 388 ; diagram, 226. concentricum, 242, 353. cymbula, 212. denckmanni, 371. dilatatum, 371. encrinitum sp. nov., 223, 289, 360, 362. explanation of plate, 389. (Prochasma) enode sp. nov., 241, 242-43, 362. explanation of plate, 393. (Chaenocardiola) eriense sp. nov., 235, 236, 356, 357, 362. explanation of plate, 394. excrescens, 221. finitimum sp. nov., 288, 358, 362. explanation of plate, 389. fragile, 249, 250. (Chaenocardiola) furcatum sp. nov., 236-— 87, 356, 362. explanation of plate, 394. (Chaenocardiola) hemicardioides sp. nov., 222, 235-86, 358, 360, 362. explanation of plate, 388-89. ‘inflatum, 221, 241, 353. explanation of plate, 393. koeneni, 354. laeve, 240, 241, 242. (Pinnopsis) libum sp. nov., 282-33, 357, 362. explanation of plates, 388, 394. WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 447 Lunulicardium marcellense, 251. miilleri, 221, 222, 228, 353. explanation of plate, 392. (Pinnopsis) ornatum, 229, 231-82, 233, 234, 358, 362. explanation of plate, 386-87. paradoxa, 371. (Prochasma) parunculus sp. nov., 235, 248, 359, 362, 371. explanation of plates, 393, 395. pilosum sp. nov., 239-40, 357, 359, 362. explanation of plates, 390, 394-95. pyriforme, 220, 228. semistriatum, 220, 221, 228. sodale sp. nov., 288-89, 358, 362. explanation of plate, 390. suppar sp. nov., 244-45, 363. explanation of plate, 392. (Opisthocoelus?) transversale sp. nov., 246, 363. explanation of plate, 396. velatum sp. nov., 212, 235, 236, 287, 358, 362. explanation of plate, 388. ventricosum, 221. (Pinnopsis) wiscoyense sp. nov., 283, 234, 362. explanation of plate, 386. Luther, D. D., cited, 214, 375. Lyriopecten triradiatus, 307. McConnell, R. G., material collected by, 376. Mackenzie, Canada, 376. Mackie, William, cited, 207. Macrochilina, 334. dunkeri, 353, 371. pygmaea sp. nov., 334, 358, 362, 371. explanation of plate, 431. seneca sp. nov., 884, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 431. Manticoceras, 216, 353, 354, 374, 378-79. accelerans, 358, 361. 448 Manticoceras ammon, 355, 368, 379. apprimatum, 358, 361. backlundi, 355, 379. buchi, 368. carinatum, 353, 368. contractum, 359, 361. fasciculatum, 359, 361. intumescens, 210, 286, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 367, 376, 378, 383. var., 352. nodifer, 359, 361. orbiculus, 368. oxy, 358, 361, 368. pattersoni, 358, 360, 365, 367, 368, 378, 379: var., styliophilum, 359, 360. primordiale, 353. retrorsum, 355. rhynchostoma, 356, 357, 361, 365, 367, 378. simulator, 361, 368. sororium, 357, 3601. tardum, 358, 361. vagans, 358, 361. Marcellus shales, 252, 374, 375. Martenberg, Germany, 291, 293, 337, 370, 371, 372. Maryland, fossils from, 212, 299, 300, 304, 305, 336. Matagne schists, 352, 370. Meek, F. B., cited, 330, 376. Melania arcuata, 371. Melocrinus bainbridgensis, 346, 347. breviradiatus, 346, 347. clarkei, 346-48, 260,° 364. Meristella cf. haskinsi, 374. Mesodesma, 225. Micaceous sandstones, 351. Middlesex N. Y., 253, 319, 321, 322, 333. Middlesex black shales, 212, 213, 214, 357, 359, 375- 366, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Mila, 256. delicata, 256. Miller, S. A., cited, 247. © ‘Modiella, 316. sp.?, 316. explanation of plate, 417. pygmaea, 316. Modiola phaseolina, 200, 201. Monomyarians, 218. Montour Falls (Havana) N. Y., 252, 257, 333- Moreland Ky., 369, 375. Mount Morris N. Y., 241, 301, 336. Miinster, cited, 219, 220, 221, 228, 269, 371. Murchison, cited, 270. Murray and Renard, cited, 203. Mytilarca, 223, 291. beyrichi, 292, 293. umbonata, 307. . Mytilus edulis, 223. Naples N. Y., 231, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 252, 254, 257, 258, 261, 263, 264, 290, 291, 299, 300, 313, 315, 316, 318, 326, 327, 333, 340, 341, 342, 343, 348, 369. Naples fauna, sea of Portage time, 199- 209 ; bionic provinces of Appalachian gulf, ‘209-12; difference in duration with ref- erence to total sedimentation, 212-14; came in from the west, 214; bionomic character, 215-16; lamellibranchiata, 216— 18; other components, 218-343; gastro- poda, 316-40; pteropoda, 340-43; some additional species, 344-49 ;. development outside of New York, 350-56; range of species in Chautauqua and Naples sub- provinces, 356-60; geographic distribu- tion of fauna of Genesee province, 360-- 64; distinctive features of subprovincial faunas, 365-67; correlation of fauna of Genesee province with Intumescens fauna INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 of Europe, 367-72; relation to Black shales, 372-82; summary, 382-84. Naples section, 212-13; vertical range of species, 358. Naples subprovince, 211; range of species in, 350; list of species, 360-64 ; distinctive features of faunas, 365-67. Natica adorfensis, 338. Naticopsis, 269. domanicensis, 372, 382. rotundatum, see Diaphorostoma (Nati- copsis) rotundatum. Nehden, Germany, 274, 307. Nehden shales, 352, 368, 370. Nematophycus, 215. Neumayr, cited, 217, 227, 277, 295, 305. New Albany shale, 372, 373. Newberry, J. S., cited, 373. Noetling, F., cited, 225, 282. Norwich N. Y., 252. Nucula, 225. bellula, 311. Nuculites constricta, 311. Oberscheld, Germany, 274, 278, 289, 293, 303, 368, 369, 371, 378. Ohio, fossils from, 347; beds underlying the black shale, 373. Ohio shale, 372, 373- Oneonta, lake, see Lake Oneonta. Oneonta province, 209. Oneonta sands, 205. Oneonta stage, 208. Ontaria gen. nov., 216, 217, 218, 279-91, 305. sp.? explanation of plate, 405. accincta sp. nov'., 264, 288, 363. explanation of plate, 405. affiliata sp. nov., 290, 359, 363. explanation of plate, 403. articulata, see Cardiola (Ontaria) articu- lata. 449 Ontaria clarkei, 262, 281, 288-89, 290, 359, 363, 369, 370. explanation of plate, 402. concentrica, 286-87, 356, 363, 369, 370. explanation of plate, 405. See also Cardiola (Ontaria) concentrica. halli sp. nov., 290-91, 359, 363, 371. explanation of plates, 403, 405. pontiaca sp. nov., 286, 287-88, 357, 363, 371. explanation of plate, 405. suborbicularis, 282-86, 287, 288, 309, 359, 363, 371, 376. explanation of plate, 404-5. tenuistriata, see Cardiola (Ontaria) tenu- istria. Ontario, Canada, black shale, 372, 375. Onychia, 269. Opisthocoelus?, see Lunulicardium. Opisthogoniacea, 226. Orbicula concentrica, 286. Orbiculoidea, 372, 374. lodensis, 374. Orkney islands, Devonic lakes, 207. Orthis cf. leonensis, 307. Orthoceras, 355; vertical, 206. Sp., 371, 381. sp. nov., 371. aciculum, 373. atreus, 361. filosum, 212, 358, 361, 371. ontario, 358, 361, 371, 382. pacator, 357, 358, 361, 371, 381. thyestes, 357, 361. vittatum, 353. Orthogoniacea, 225. Oxydiscus, 331. Palaeoconchae, 217. Palaeoneilo, 311-14. bisulcata, 312. 450 Palaconeilo brevicula sp. nov., 3138-14, 356, 364. explanation of plate, 425. brevis, 314. constricta, 311, 356, 357, 364. explanation of plate, 424. elongata, 314. fecunda, 313. linguata sp. nov., 314, 357, 364. explanation of plate, 425. muricata sp. nov., 312-13, 359, 364. explanation of plate, 424-25. muta, 312. perplana, 312. petila sp. nov., 311-12, 313, 357, 359, 364. explanation of plate, 424. Palaeoniscus, 202. devonicus, 358, 360. Palaeopalemon newberryi, 373. Palaeopteris, 351. Palaeotrochus, 218, 335-36. kearnyi, 335. praecursor, 335-36, 356, 357, 358, 362, 371. explanation of plate, 433. Panenka, 217. Pantata, 281. Para, Brazil, 331. Paracardium, 202, 216, 295, 3803-5. delicatulum sp. nov., 212, 304-5, 360, 364. explanation of plate, 412. doris, 212, 303, 804, 359, 360, 364. explanation of plate, 412-13. Paracyclas, 277. Paraptyx gen. nov., 216, 260, 261-63, 280, 281. ontario sp. nov., 261, 262-63, 281, 289, 359, 363- explanation of plate, 402. Patellostium, 323, 324. - Peace river, 376. Pecten, 226. Pectunculus, 225. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pelseneer, cited, 204. Penhallow, D. P., cited, 375. Penn Yan N. Y., 252, 253. Pennsylvania, fossils from, 212. Petschoraland, Intumescens fatina, 355, 377. Phacops anophthalmus, 352. granulatus, 351. Phillipsastraea, 352. Phragmoceras, 355. timanicum, 381. Phragmostoma, 218, 322-29. chautauquae sp. nov., 328-29, 356, 357, 362. — explanation of plate, 428. cymbula, 323. , incisum, 327, 328, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 426. natator, 286, 323, 325-26, 327, 328, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 426. cf. triliratum, 327-28, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 426. See also Bellerophon ; Carinaropsis. Phyllocarids, 373. Pike’s creek, 240, 252, 380. Pinnopsis, 227-28, 366. acutirostra, 227, 229. ornata, 227, 220, 231. Planktomya, 218. henseni, 217. Plates, explanation of, 385-437. Platyostoma? minutissima, 340. Plethospira rugulata, 374. socialis, 374. Pleurotomaria, 218, 316-19. angulata, 353, 371. capillaria, 316. cognata mut. (?) nov., 317-18, explanation of plate, 433. ciliata sp. nov., 818-19, 358, 362, 371. explanation of plate, 436. cognata, 358, 362. INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Pleurotomaria genundewa sp. nov., 319, 359, 362. explanation of plates, 434, 436. globosa, 353, 371. . itylus sp. nov., 318, 357, 362. explanation of plate, 434. itys, 318. koltubanica, 355. tenuilineata, 353. turbinea, 354. zitteli, 371. Plum creek, 321. Poland, Intumescens fauna, 353-54, 369. Polygnathus dubius, 357, 358, 360. Pompeckj, cited, 200. Pons sandstone, 352. Pontiac N. Y., 288, 301, 312. Portage falls, see Genesee river. Portage sandstones, 213, 356; equivalent to Highpoint sandstones, 214. Portage shales, 299, 300. Portage time, sea of, 199-209; bionic prov- inces of the Appalachian gulf during, 209-11. Portland N. Y., 348. Portland Harbor N. Y., 306, 311. Portland shales, 214, 356, 366, 368, 369, 37¢. Posidonia, 218, 264-69. ‘attica, 265-66, 267, 357, 358, 363. explanation of plate, 416. becheri, 265. glabra, 264. hians, 248, 264, 265, 206, 354. marcellensis, 266. mesacostalis, 267-68, 344, 356, 363. explanation of plate, 416. venusta, 264, 351, 352, 353, 369, 370. var. eifeliensis, 268. var. nitidula sp. nov., 268-69, 356, 363, 369. explanation of plate, 416. Posidonomya bronni, 200. ? venusta, 268. 451 Praecardium, 216, 218, 295, 303, 805-9, 353, 366. Sp., 309, 371. duplicatum, 300, 307-8, 309, 353, 357, 364, 368, 370. explanation of plate, 414. melletes sp. nov., 307. explanation of plate, 413. multicostatum sp. nov., 308-9, 357, 364, 371. explanation of plate, 414. vetustum, 305, 306-7, 311, 345, 352, 354, 356, 357, 304, 368, 370. explanation of plate, 413. var. clymeniae, 307, 352. Prattsburg sandstones, 356. Presseck, Germany, 371. Prioniodus armatus, 374. erraticus, 357, 358, 3600. spicatus, 357, 358, 360. Pristacanthus, 202. vetustus, 358, 360. Probeloceras, 216, 374, 380. ? genundewa, see Gephyroceras? (Pro- beloceras?) genundewa. lutheri, 264, 281, 357, 358, 361, 366, 372, 373, 379, 380. ? naplesense, 358, 361, 380. Prochasma, 220, 227, 228-29. bickense, 228, 240. dilatatum, 228, 243. See also Lunulicardium. Productella sp., 218. speciosa, 364. Prolecanites, 353, 381. chemungensis, 381. timanicus, 355, 381. Prosogoniacea, 225. Prosser, C. S., cited, 208, 209. Protocalyptraea, 339. marshalli, 339-40, 358, 362. explanation of plate, 432. 452 Protocalyptraea styliophila, 339, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 432. Protoconchae, 225, 227. Protospirialis gen. nov., 204, 340-41. minutissima, 840-41, 358, 350, 361. explanation of plate, 436. Psaronius, 206. Psiarnia beds, 353. Pterinopecten? atticus, 265. Pterochaenia gen. nov., 202, 216, 218, 221, 223, 229, 247-48. cashaquae sp. nov., 254-55, 264, 363. explanation of plate, 396.. elmensis sp. nov., 254, 357, 363. _ explanation of plate, 396. fragilis, 212, 223, 249-52, 253, 254, 266, 357, 358, 359, 360, 371, 372, 376. explanation of plate, 398. var. orbicularis. var. nov., 250, 252, 359, 363. explanation of plates, 396, 398-99. var. sinuosa, 360. inflatum, 371. perissa sp. nov., 2538-54, 359, 363. explanation of plate, 396. sinuosa sp. nov., 250, 258, 363. explanation of plate, 399. uchtensis, 248, 371. Pteropods, 203, 204, 218, 340-43, 356, 357, 358, 359. Ptomatis, 324. forbesi, 324, 325. patula, 325. Ptychopteria? mesacostalis, 267. Puella, 309-10. sp., explanation of plate, 414. See also Buchiola? (Puella?). Pugnax acuminatus, 351, 355. pugnus, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 376. Reef facies, 354. Renard, cited, 203. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdosispongia condroziana, 351. Rhinestreet black band, 213, 214, 316, 357, 358, 375: Rhynchospira meyendorff, 355. Ribeiria? prosseri, 406. Richter, R., cited, 373. Rock Stream N. Y., 252. Roemer, A., cited, 269, 351. Roemeria, 269. Rostellec shales, 351. Riibeland, Germany, 339, 371. Ruedemann, R., cited, 225. Sandberger, cited, 269, 271. Sandbergeroceras, 216, 381. syngonum, 359, 3601, 366, 370. Sauerland, Intumescens fauna, 352, 353. Schizobolus concentricus, 374. Schizophoria impressa, 213. striatula, 355, 356. Schtibelhammer, Germany, 371. Scotland, Devonic lakes, 207. Scytalocrinus ornatissimus, 348-49, 364. Seneca lake, 375. Seneca point N. Y., 245, 310, 334. Shaler, N. S., cited, 374. Sigaretus uchtae, 382. Silver Creek N. Y., 320. Silver Creek shales, 214, 357, 366. Simroth, cited, 217. Skaneateles N. Y., 302. Slava, 269. Sluzka, 272, 277. amygdalina, 277. arachne, 277. See also Loxopteria. Smith’s Mills N. Y., 271, 329, 337. South Bristol N. Y., 252. South Devon, Intumescens fauna, 351. Sowerby, cited, 280. Spathiocaris, 374, 378, 382. emersoni, 358, 359, 360, 369, 370, 382. INDEX TO NAPLES FAUNA IN WESTERN NEW YORK, PART 2 Sphenopteris, 351. Spirifer, 355. anossofi, 355. disjunctus, 213, 336, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 350, 377, 382. mesastrialis, 213. mucronatus var. posterus, 213. Sporadoceras bronni, 353, 354. muensteri, 352, 355. Sporangites huronensis, 374, 375. Springer, Frank, acknowledgments to, 349. Staurogoniacea, 226. Stevenson, J. J., cited, 208. Stropheodonta arcuata, 356. cayuta, 213. Strykersville N. Y., 242, 245, 268, 308. Styliola (Styliolina) fissurella, 342. Styliola limestone, see Genundewa (Styli- ola) limestone. Styliolina, 202, 342-43, 354. fissurella, 203, 340, 342, 356, 358, 35), 361, 374, 376. Stylonurus?, wrightianus, 358, 360. Sydenham river, 375. Symptogoniacea, 226. Taxocrinus, 360. Sp., 304. Tennessee, black shale, 372, 374. Tentaculites, 378. acuarius, 342. fissurella, 342. gracilistriatus, 342, 358, 359, 361. multiformis, 342. spiculus, 343. tenuicinctus, 343, 353, 354, 355, 358, 302, 369, 370. explanation of plate, 436 tenuistriatus, 351. Thomson, W., cited, 203, 204. Thuringia, Germany, 369, 373, 375- Tiaraconcha; 216, 269. 453 Tiaraconcha rugosa, 269, 352. scalariformis, 269. . Timan, Russia, Intumescens fauna, 355, 369, 371, 372, 377; 384; Domanik shales, 377: Timanites, 380. acutus, 355, 381. stuckenbergi, 355, 381. Toll, E. v., cited, 351. Tornoceras, 216, 353, 381. auris, 352, 354. bicostatum, 346, 356, 357, 361, 368, 38:7. cinctum, 346, 355, 368, 370, 381. circumflexum, 352, 370. var. applanatum, 371. var. incrassatum, 371. paucistriatum, 353. peracutum, 361. rhysum, 361. simplex, 352, 353, 354, 355, 370, 381. uniangulare, 212, 358, 361, 370, 381. var. compressum, 359, 361, 371. var. obesum, 358, 361, 371. Trenkner, W., mentioned, 348. Tridacna, 222. Trilobites, 352, 353. Trochus, 335. Tropidiscus, 330. Tropidocyclus, 218, 380-382. gilletianus, 331. gratiosus, 330. ~hyalinus sp. nov., 381-82, 359, 362. explanation of plate, 430. rotula, 330. Tropidodiscus, 330. Tschernyschew, T., cited, 351. Tully limestone, 382. Turbo, 335. Virich, E. O., cited, 324, 331. Unger, cited, 375. Ungulina suborbicularis, 282, 283. 454 Union Corners N. Y., 266, 344, 345. Urals, Intumescens fauna, 355. Vanceburg Ky., 373. ‘ Varysburg N. Y., 242, 261, 268, 287. Venericardium, 294. retrostriatum, 295, 296. Versailles N. Y., 329, 336. Vevoda, 277. expectans, 277. Waagen, W., cited, 323, 324. Waldschmidt, E., cited, 265, 344, 351. Walnut creek, 244, 294, 306, 309, 314, 318, 333- Walther, J., cited, 201, 203. Warsaw N. Y., 242. Weilmtinster, Germany, 342. West Falls N. Y., 234. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Westhill flags and sandstones, 213, 330, 358. Westphalia, Germany, 291, 293, 305, 308, 314, 344, 352, 353, 368, 369. See also Enkeberg ; Martenberg. Whidborne, cited, 351. White, I. C., cited, 208. Whiteaves, J. F., cited, 376. Whitfield, R. P., cited, 373. Wildungen, Germany, 275, 368, 371. Wildungen section, 353. Williams, H. S., cited, 241, 346, 374. Wiscoy creek, 233, 304, 341. Wiscoy shales, 213, 218, 233, 298, 304, 341, 356. | Wolf creek, 257, 301. Woodward, H., identifications of fossils, 376. 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