The Engineering Foundation: a progress re
 

 

‘THE.
ENGI INEERING
FOUNDATION ~

‘a PROGRESS: REPORT TO
- UNITED: ENGINEERING SOCIETY.

ty _ AMERICAN SOCIETY;. OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

"AMERICAN SOCIETY . OF MECHANICAL, ENGINEERS ,.
AMERICAN™ ‘INSTITUTE. OF ELECTRICAL | ENGINEERS, i oe

PUBLICATION |
NUMBER 2

 

/ sENGINEERING SOCIETIES, BUILDING,
NEW YORK: CITY,
“p OCTOBER, 1919 =

 

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| AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF. MINING: AND METALLURGICAL meer
 

AMBROSE SWASEY
THE
ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

v

A PROGRESS REPORT TO
UNITED ENGINEERING SOCIETY

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

PUBLICATION
NUMBER 2

ENGINEERING SOCIETIES BUILDING
NEW YORK CITY A
OCTOBER, 1919
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
Unirep ENGINEERING SocleTY. . . . . . . . . . . « 6
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION . . . «7 we ee
"RHE*ROUNDER: a: si. ad. 2: By Sh) cos GES a i a Se Se
INSTITUTION OF THE FOUNDATION . . . . . «© eee CCE
SETTER OF:GIET: @- G. <o- & dh @ a Sos AL ar  & & & 22
LETTER ACCOMPANYING SECOND GIFT. . . . . . «wee OB
PROGRESS IN ORGANIZATION UNDER THE GIFT. . . . . . «OIG
OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE FOUNDATION BoarD . . . . . OI5
FounpaTION BoaRDS . . . . eee TG
By-Laws oF UNITED ENGINEERING SociETY RELATING TO ENGINEER-

ING FOUNDATION . . . we eee ee
RELATIONSHIPS AND PoLici—gs . . . . . . 1 : 19
Work ACCOMPLISHED

Codperation with National Research Council . . . s «= 720

Division of Engineering, of the Council . . . . . . 21
Members of the Division of Engineering . . . . . . 22
General Relations of the Foundation with the Division of
Enpineering 2 4 & 4. 3 ce a es
Research in Fatigue Phenomena of Metals . . . . . 25
Industrial Research . . . . ww wee 8G

Other Investigations . . . . . . . . 6... 26

NationaL ReseaRcH CouNCIL. . . «© 2 1. 1 ww wee 50

PORM-OR BEQUPST” 3. 2 @ qe So Goce Se Gee on eS ae a & Be
UNITED ENGINEERING SOCIETY

INCORPORATED UNDER CHAPTER 703, LAWS OF THE STATE OF
New York, May 11, 1904.

ments and administers certain interests for four Founder

Societies, namely: the American Society of Civil Engineers,
the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Insti-
tute of Electrical Engineers. United Engineering Society holds and
administers the Engineering Societies building. It has three depart-
ments, Engineering Societies Library Board, Engineering Founda-
tion Board, and Engineering Council. By its charter the Society is
empowered to take real and personal property by grant, devise or
bequest, and to use, maintain, occupy, lease, mortgage and convey
the same. It may receive from any source moneys or other property
for its own purposes, or for any other endowment or activity within
the scope of its charter. The objects of this Society are to advance
the engineering arts and sciences in all their branches, and to main-
tain a free public engineering library. Its business is conducted by a
board of twelve trustees, three from each Founder Society. Charles
F. Rand is President of United Engineering Society.

| | NITED ENGINEERING SOCIETY holds certain endow-
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

HE Engineering Foundation is an outgrowth of various in-

fluences. For many years, groups of men, working through

different organizations, have been seeking to extend social
intercourse among engineers, to create channels for the interchange
of engineering experiences, and to advance the standards of engi-
neering practice. The American Society of Civil Engineers, the
American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American In-
stitute of Electrical Engineers are the result of such efforts put forth
by men in the several fields of engineering which they respectively
represent. Through the instrumentality of these organizations small
groups of men have increased to thousands; the contributions of in-
dividual members, and of committees of members making up a record
of the proceedings of the organizations, constitute a history of pro-
fessional achievement in the fields they represent.

The progress early achieved by these societies has served naturally
to stimulate efforts in the further development of their common in-
terests. In 1904, initial steps were taken which have since resulted
in the establishment of the United Engineering Society, the purpose
of which was to bring into a single organization representatives of the
four societies already named, now commonly referred to as the
Founder Societies, and out of the activities of the United Engi-
neering Society an organization for the encouragement of engineering
research has appeared. This became possible through the presenta-
tion to the United Engineering Society of a sum of money as a trust
fund, the interest of which was to be used in the promotion of engi-
neering research. This resulted in the Engineering Foundation.

It is important in this connection to emphasize the fact that the
Engineering Foundation is an instrumentality created in the interest
of engineering research, as this may be made manifest through the
activities and purposes of the four Founder Societies. Engineering
Foundation has no life apart from the Society life. Its purpose is to
make contribution to the enlargement of engineering practice and in

7
8 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

so doing to exalt the profession of Engineering. Engineering Foun-
dation is not designed to lead a separate and independent existence,
to compete with preéxisting engineering organizations, but on the
contrary it is one of the many results built up by the work of the
Founder Societies. It is a child of the Founder Societies, it expects
to be nurtured by them, it gladly acknowledges its fealty to them.
Engineering Foundation Board is a department of United Engi-
neering Society, a body created by the Founder Societies com-
prising a membership of forty thousand engineers, to discharge cer-
tain functions for them; but it is not a separate independent organ-
ization under State corporation laws. Its sixteen members are elected
by United Engineering Society; thirteen must be members of
the Founder Societies, and eight of the thirteen are nominated
severally by the governing bodies of the Founder Societies. Hitherto,
the members at large, although not necessarily engineers, have
also all been members of Founder Societies. As a matter of fact,
therefore, the Engineering Foundation Board has always been com-
posed wholly of members of the Founder Societies. Hence, this
Board is a body of trustees created by, and representative of, these
four great National engineering societies, acting for them in the ad-
ministration of certain funds which have been given, and of others
which may be given, for research for the advancement of the profes-
sion and for the good of mankind. Consequently the Foundation
Board is in effect the trustee in these matters for the whole body of
American engineers. It is their instrumentality for the stimulation,
direction and support of research. It is, furthermore, the liaison
agency between engineers on one hand and other technologists and
scientists on the other hand, in activities concerned with research in
all branches of the mathematical, physical and biological sciences.
Engineering Foundation Board keenly appreciates its opportuni-
ties and its obligations growing out of the trusteeship for the Profes-
sion thus committed to it by the Founder Societies. It looks,
therefore, to its parent societies for the correlation of their research
activities under its guidance so that each and every engineer may
secure the maximum benefit from all engineering research. It ex-
pects, also, the generous support of its parent societies in undertak-
ing larger work for the advancement of the profession, through the
agency of the National Research Council, which it has helped to
create, through other channels now open, and through still others
which may be opened.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 9

THE FOUNDER

MBROSE SWASEY was born at Exeter, New Hampshire, De-

Act 19, 1846, of New England lineage. He commenced

and completed his schooling in one of those familiar land-
marks of his native countryside, the district schoolhouse.

When eighteen years old, he began in Exeter to learn the machin-
ist’s trade. At twenty-three, with Worcester Reed Warner, he went
to the Pratt & Whitney Company, in Hartford, Connecticut. In
1880, these two men removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and established the
business in which their names have since been linked,—the manu-
facture of fine machine tools and of astronomical and other instru-
ments of precision. He invented the epicycloidal milling ma-
chine for generating the true curves of gear teeth, a process for cut-
ting spur gears exactly, and the Swasey range and position finder for
artillery. He designed a dividing engine capable of graduating auto-
matically circles up to 40 inches diameter with an error of less than
one second of arc.

Among the noteworthy telescope mountings built by his company
are the 36-inch Lick refractor, erected at Mount Hamilton, Cali-
fornia (1886); the 26-inch telescope of the Naval Observatory at
Washington (1890) ; the 40-inch telescope, go-foot dome and the 75-
foot elevating floor of the Yerkes Observatory, at Williams Bay, Wis-
consin (1894), and the 72-inch reflecting telescope of the Dominion
Astronomical Observatory, at Victoria, British Columbia (1916).

Mr. Swasey is the author of ‘““A New Process for Generating and
Cutting the Teeth of Spur Wheels” and “Some Refinements of Me-
chanical Science,” published in the “Transactions of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers,” Vol. XII (1890) and Vol. XXVI
(1904); “The Eiffel Tower from Foundation to Lantern” and “The
Specialist in Engineering,” published in the “Journal” of the Associa-
tion of Engineering Societies, Vol. IX (1890) and Vol. XIV (1895).

Ambrose Swasey is not only an engineer and manufacturer, but
also a traveler and philanthropist. He has journeyed widely in his
native land and foreign countries. He has twice circled the earth,
10 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

and in 1917 for the third time visited China. Among his public gifts
are the Astronomical Observatory of Denison University ; the Science
Building of the University of Nanking, China; the Christian Asso-
ciation Building of the Canton (China) Christian College; the
beautiful Pavilion for his native town of Exeter, and the endow-
ment funds for the Engineering Foundation.

He is an organizing member, past-president and honorary member
of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; past-president
and honorary member of the Cleveland Engineering Society; honor-
ary member of the New Hampshire Society of the Cincinnati; past-
president of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce; member of the
American Philosophical Society; member of the John Fritz Medal
Board of Award, and member of the National Research Council, its
Advisory Committee and its Division of Engineering. Mr. Swasey
is a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, a member
of the British Astronomical Association and the Institution of Me-
chanical Engineers of Great Britain. He is a member of the Union
Club, Cleveland; the Engineers Club, New York, and the Cosmos
Club, Washington. He was a member of the Jury of Awards of
the Nashville (1897), Pan-American (1901), and St. Louis (1904)
expositions, and vice-president of the Jury of Awards of the James-
town Exposition (1907). He was appointed by President Roosevelt
in 1909 and President Taft in 1913 as a member of the Assay Com-
mission to test coins in the Government’s mints.

In 1905, Mr. Swasey was invested by the Case School of Applied
Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio, with the doctorate of engineering; in 1910,
he was granted the degree of Doctor of Science by Denison Univer-
sity, Granville, Ohio, and in 1900, the French Republic made him a
Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, because of his achievements in the
design and construction of astronomical instruments.

To be the founder of an institution for the good of mankind one
must have faith and vision. These qualities, coupled with determina-
tion, patience, thoroughness, ingenuity, sagacity and kindliness, are
conspicuous in the character of the man who gave, and continues to
give, liberally his resources of personality and property for the crea-
tion and support of the Engineering Foundation.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 11

INSTITUTION OF THE FOUNDATION

DESIRE to exalt the work of the engineer and to add to the

accumulated facts which serve to guide him in his undertak-

ings, was long entertained by Ambrose Swasey. He discussed

the matter with his friends, and gradually out of such discussions the

outline of a procedure took form. In 1914, in the fulfilment of his

desire, Mr. Swasey offered United Engineering Society two hundred

thousand dollars as a nucleus of an endowment, the income of which

should be used “for the furtherance of research in science and engi-

neering, or for the advancement in any other manner of the profession
of engineering and the good of mankind.”

Official record of the negotiations which led to the institution of
the Foundation appears for the first time in the minutes of the meet-
ing of the Trustees of United Engineering Society, May 28, 1914.
From these minutes the following passage is taken:

The President reported orally that it had been his privilege to have a conference
with an eminent engineer, who had expressed his desire to present to United Engi-
neering Society a considerable fund for the advancement of the profession of en-
gineering. In the initial and somewhat informal stages of the present time, it was
the recommendation of the President that a special committee be appointed to
consider and report upon the best means to accept the generous gift and administer
and establish an engineering research foundation under the broad terms of the
donor’s expressed wishes. After discussion, it was decided that such a committee
be appointed by the Chair and that it consist of six persons, two from each of the
Founder Societies. On motion, the creation of such a Special Committee was ap-
proved, and it was made to consist of Dr. Alex. C. Humphreys, Chairman, Jesse M.
Smith, Charles F. Rand, James F. Kemp, Gano Dunn and C. E. Scribner. On
motion,

Resolved: That the Secretary be authorized and directed to send a communica-
tion of appreciation to the intending donor, and advise him of the action of the
Board.

‘It was the emphatically expressed wish of the donor that his name should not be
mentioned at the present stage of the negotiations.

United Engineering Society accepted the gift of Mr. Swasey and
organized the Engineering Foundation Board, composed of Trustees
of this Society, representatives of the Founder Societies and mem-
bers at large, not necessarily engineers. This Board controls and ad-
ministers the funds received by it from United Engineering Society.

In September, 1918, Mr. Swasey added one hundred thousand dol-
lars to the endowment, making the present total three hundred thou-
sand dollars.
12 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

LETTER OF GIFT

November 30, 1914.
Proressor F. R. Hutton, Secretary,
United Engineering Society,
New York City.

DEAR PRoFESSOR HUTTON:

I am pleased to acknowledge receipt of yours of the 2oth instant,
also copy of the minutes of the Board of Trustees of November roth,
and I appreciate the courtesy of the Board in submitting them to me
before final approval.

The name adopted, “The Engineering Foundation,” is ideal, and
the plan of organization and administration, as given in the minutes,
is along the broadest lines and most admirable in every respect. I
have no suggestions or recommendations to offer.

As soon as I am advised that the plan of organization of the En-
gineering Foundation, submitted, has become the law of the United
Engineering Society, I will be pleased to transmit to the officer desig-
nated by the Society, the two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000)
which constitutes my gift to the Society for the Engineering Foun-
dation; the income only of which is to be used for the purposes of the
Foundation.

As to the date of the general meeting when the plan of the Foun-
dation is to be made public; if agreeable to the Board, it seems to me
it would be well to have it some time during the last week in
January.

I want the members of the Board to know how much I appreciate
the interest they have manifested in working out the problems rela-
tive to the Foundation, and the pleasure it has given me to be asso-
ciated with them in their splendid undertaking.

With all best wishes,

Very truly yours,
(Signed) Ambrose Swasey.

Note: Professor Hutton’s letter of November 20, 1914, transmitted the report of
the Committee of Six, mentioned on page 11, presented to United Engineering Society
at its meeting, November 19. This report included a draft of by-laws later adopted
with minor modifications. These by-laws, as subsequently amended, are printed on
page 18.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 13

LETTER ACCOMPANYING SECOND GIFT

September 28, 1918.
Mr. Cuar.es F. Ranp, President,
United Engineering Society,
New York.

Dear Sir:

The admirable manner in which the Engineering Foundation has
been conducted, and the large measure of helpfulness it has extended
to the engineering world, have been most gratifying to me and thor-
oughly justify its establishment.

In recognition of what had then been accomplished, it seemed to
me in 1916 that it would be well to plan for its further extension, and
I then made the United Engineering Society the beneficiary of a trust
fund of $100,000, established with the Cleveland Trust Company.
In 1917, from the income of this trust, $5,000 was contributed to the
Foundation for the purpose of carrying forward its work.

The many vital problems created by war conditions give new op-
portunities to the Foundation, and impose added responsibilities
upon it. In recognition of this I feel that the Foundation should now
have the full benefit of the income from the fund established in 1916,
and I am pleased to add to the previous gift of $200,000, the fund
of $100,000, held in trust as above, to be on the same terms and con-
ditions as my original gift.

The Board is at liberty to use its discretion as to whether the funds
shall remain with the Cleveland Trust Company for a time, or be
transferred to the custody of the United Engineering Society. In
either case, I desire that the Foundation shall have the benefit of the
income of this additional fund after September 1, 1918.

Very truly yours,
(Signed) AMBRosE SwaseY.
14 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

PROGRESS IN ORGANIZATION UNDER THE GIFT

PRIL 15, 1915, the Engineering Foundation Board held its or-
ganizing meeting. In October, 1916, United Engineering
Society provided an office for the Foundation in Engineering
Societies Building. As at first constituted, the Board had eleven
members, elected by United Engineering Society, each serving for a
term of three years or less: three trustees of United Engineering So-
ciety (one representative of each Founder Society) ;* one member
nominated by the governing body of each Founder Society, not a
trustee of United Engineering Society; two members of the American
Society of Civil Engineers; two members at large, and the president
of United Engineering Society. By amendment of the By-Laws of
United Engineering Society, April 25, 1918, the Board was enlarged
to sixteen members, elected by United Engineering Society: four trus-
tees of United Engineering Society, one representing each Founder
Society; two members from each Founder Society nominated by its
governing body, who are not trustees of United Engineering Society;
three members at large, and the president of United Engineering So-
ciety, ex officio. By this amendment also, an Executive Committee of
five members was provided, composed of the chairman, the two vice-
chairmen and two elected members. The membership of the enlarged
board was completed in June, 1918. The additional members of the
Executive Committee were elected in September, 1918, and it held its
first meeting October 2, 1918.

Note: January 27, 1915, Wednesday, in the evening, inaugural ceremonies for the
public acknowledgment of the first gift for Engineering Foundation were held in
Engineering Societies Building, New York, preceded by a banquet, January 26, to
Mr. Swasey. At the inaugural were present representatives of all branches of engi-
neering and of the allied sciences. President Gano Dunn, of United Engineering
Society, presided; other speakers were: Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, President, Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching; Captain Robert W. Hunt, Past-
President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Institute of
Mining Engineers; Charles McDonald, Past-President, American Society of Civil
Engineers; Dr. Alex. C. Humphreys, President, Stevens Institute of Technology, and
Past-President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and Ambrose Swasey,
Past-President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

February 24, 1915, in the private room of the Astor Trust Company, New York,
Mr. Swasey turned over to the custody of United Engineering Society the securities
which constituted his gift.

* Originally there were only three Founder Societies. The American Society of
Civil Engineers became a Founder Society in the year 1916.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 15

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE
FOUNDATION BOARD

CHAIRMEN
Names Terms
Gano DunN.. . . . . . . April, 1915, to February, 1917
MicuaeL I. Purin. . . . . . . . February, 1917, to February, 1919
W.F.M.Goss. . . . . . . . +. February, 1919, to date

First Vice-CHAIRMAN

Epwarp DEAN ADAMS... . . . May, 1915, to date

SEconp VicE-CHAIRMEN

M.I. Purin' . . .. . . . February, 1916, to February, 1917
J. Watpo SMitrH . w tt«w . . February, 1917, to March, 1918
W.F.M.Goss. . . . . . . +. +. + March, 1918, to February, 1919
D. S. Jacopus . . . . . . . +. +. February, 1919, to date
TREASURER
JosEpH STRUTHERS. . . . . . . . February, 1916, to date
SECRETARIES
FreperickK R. Hutron . . .... . April 15, 1915, to September 15, 1916
Carvin W. Rice (Acting) . Sek February 20, 1916, to September 14, 1916
Cary T. HuTcHINSON . . . . September 15, 1916, to December 13, 1917
ALFRED D. FLINN . . . . . December 13, 1917, to date
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
(Secretaries of National Research Council, ex officio)
JoHN JOHNSTON . . . . . . . September, 1916, to April, 1919
A. O. LEUSCHNER Achy) ae! . . April, 1919, to June 30, 1919
(Vacant) : gto . June 30, 1919, to August 19, 1919
Harry O. Woop (Acting). . . . . . August 19, 1919, to October 14, 1919
VERNON KELLOGG . . . . : October 1, 1919, to date
ExeEcuTIVE COMMITTEES
September, 1918, to February, 1919
M. I. Pupin, Chairman W. F. M. Goss
Epwarp DEAN ADAMS CHARLES WARREN Hunt
Sitas H. Wooparp
February, 1919, to date
W. F. M. Goss, Chairman D. S. Jacopus
Epwarp DEAN ADAMS H. Hosart Porter

Sitas H. Wooparp
16 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

FOUNDATION BOARDS

Note: Initials after names indicate society representation: U. E. S., trustee of United En-
gineering Society; A. S. C. E., American Society of Civil Engineers; A. I. M. E., American
Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers; A. S. M. E., American Society of Mechani-
cal Engineers; A. I. E. E., American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

1915
ELEVEN MEMBERS
Benjamin B. Thayer, U.E.S. Charles Warren Hunt, A.S.C.E.
Alex. C. Humphreys, U.E.S. J. Waldo Smith, A.S.C.E.
C. E. Scribner, U.E.S. Edward Dean Adams, At large
A. R. Ledoux, A.I.M.E. Howard Elliott, At large
Jesse M. Smith, A.S.M.E. Gano Dunn, Pres., U.E.S.
M. I, Pupin, A.LE.E.
1916
ELEVEN MEMBERS
Gano Dunn, U.ES. M. I. Pupin, A.I.E.E.
*Alex. C. Humphreys, U.E.S. Charles Warren Hunt, A.S.C.E.
tE. Gybbon Spilsbury, U.E.S. J. Waldo Smith, A.S.C.E.
Benjamin B. Thayer, U.E.S. Edward Dean Adams, At large
Robt. M. Raymond, A.I.M.E. Howard Elliott, At large
W. F. M, Goss, A.S.M.E. Charles F, Rand, Pres., U.E.S.
1917
ELEVEN MEMBERS
Gano Dunn, U.E:S. Charles Warren Hunt, A.S.C.E.
E. Gybbon Spilsbury, U.E.S. J. Waldo Smith, A.S.C.E.
Benjamin B. Thayer, U.E.S. Edward Dean Adams, At large
Robert M. Raymond, A.I.M.E. Howard Elliott, At large
W. F. M. Goss, A.S.M.E. Charles F. Rand, Pres., U.ES.
M. I, Pupin, A.LE.E.
1918
SIXTEEN MEMBERS
Charles Warren Hunt, U.E.S. W. F. M. Goss, A.S.M.E.
Benjamin B. Thayer, U.E.S. D. S. Jacobus, A.S.M.E.
E. Gybbon Spilsbury, U.E.S. M. I. Pupin, A.I.E.E.
Calvert Townley, U.E.S. E. Wilbur Rice, Jr., A.I.E.E.
J. Waldo Smith, A.S.C.E. Edward Dean Adams, At large
Silas H. Woodard, A.S.C.E. Howard Elliott, At large
Robt. M. Raymond, A.I.M.E. H. Hobart Porter, At large
Joseph W. Richards, A.I.M.E. Charles F, Rand, Pres,, U.E.S.

*Resigned. +t Elected June 22, 1916, to succeed Alex, C. Humphreys.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 17

1919
SIXTEEN MEMBERS

CHarRLes WarREN Hunt, U.E.S., Secretary, American Society of Civil Engineers

BENJAMIN B. Tuayer, U.E.S., Vice-President, Anaconda Copper Mining Company

E. Gypson Spitssury, U.E.S., Consulting Engineer, E. G. Spilsbury Engineering Co.

CAaLverT Town ey, U.E.S., Assistant to President, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co.

J. Waxpo Smitu, A.S.C.E., Chief Engineer, Board of Water Supply of City of N. Y.

Sitas H. Wooparp, A.S.C.E., Consulting Engineer

Ropert M. Raymonp, A.I.M.E., Mining Engineer, Professor of Mining Engineering,
School of Mines, Columbia University

JosepH W. Ricuarps, A.I.M.E., Professor of Metallurgy, Lehigh University

W. F. M. Goss, A.S.M.E., President, Railway-Car Manufacturers Association

Davin S. Jacosus, A.S.M.E., Advisory Engineer, Babcock and Wilcox Company

Frank B. Jewe't, A.I.E.E., Chief Engineer, Western Electric Company

E. Wirpur Rice, Jr., A.1.E.E., President, General Electric Company

Epwarp Dean Apams, At large, Engineer-Financier

Howarp Extiort, At large, President and Chairman of Executive Committee, North-
ern Pacific Railway Company

H. Hopart Porter, At large, President, American Water Works and Electric Com-
pany (Sanderson & Porter)

Cnarces F. Ranp, President, U.E.S., Owner and Operator of Iron and Manganese
Mines
18 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

BY-LAWS OF UNITED ENGINEERING SOCIETY
RELATING TO ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

97. The United Engineering Society shall establish and maintain a fund to be
known as the Engineeering Foundation.

98. The Engineering Foundation shall be controlled and administered by a board
to be known as the Engineering Foundation Board. It shall have discretionary
power under the By-Laws in the disposition of funds received by it from the United
Engineering Society for the purposes of the Engineering Foundation.

99. The Engineering Foundation Board may use any part of such funds, and in any
manner which it deems proper, for the furtherance of research in science and engi-
neering, or for the advancement in any other manner of the profession of engineering
and the good of mankind; and may make known to the world the results of its un-
dertakings by publication, by public lectures or by other means in its discretion.

100. The Engineering Foundation Board shall consist of sixteen members, each to
serve for a term of three years or until his successor is elected, and to be eligible for
re-election for one term, except as stipulated in Section 101. Terms shall expire at
annual meetings of the Engineering Foundation Board.

1o1. Fifteen members shall be elected by United Engineering Society as follows:
One Trustee of United Engineering Society representing each Founder Society, two
members from each Founder Society nominated by its governing body, who are not
Trustees of United Engineering Society, and three members at large. The President
of United Engineering Society, ex officio, shall be a member of the Engineering
Foundation Board. The term of each member who is elected as a Trustee of United
Engineering Society shall be limited to the time he remains a Trustee. Elections by
United Engineering Society shall be at its annual meetings, or as soon thereafter as
practicable. Vacancies shall be filled in the same manner as the original election.

102. Regular meetings of the Engineering Foundation Board shall be held on the
second Thursday of February, May, September and December of each year. The
February meeting shall be the annual meeting. Special meetings may be called at
the option of the Chairman on not less than seven days’ notice, and must be called
by the Chairman or Secretary on the written request of three or more members. No
business shall be transacted at a special meeting other than that stated in the call.

_ 103. A quorum of the Engineering Foundation Board shall be five members.

104. At the annual meeting, the Engineering Foundation Board shall elect from
among its members a Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen to serve for one year, or
until their successors are elected.

105. There shall be an executive committee of five members, namely, the Chairman,
the two Vice-Chairmen, and two members of Engineering Foundation Board elected
at the annual meeting.

106. The Board at the annual meeting shall elect a Secretary to serve for one year
or until his successor is elected. The Secretary shall have no vote unless he is a
member of the Board.

107. The Treasurer of United Engineering Society shall be the Treasurer of the
Engineering Foundation and shall attend the meetings of the Engineering Founda-
tion Board, but shall have no vote unless a member of the Board.

108. The Engineering Foundation Board shall prepare and present to the annual
meeting of United Engineering Society a report covering the work which it has un-
dertaken during the year and the progress made, together with a complete and item-
ized financial statement.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 19

RELATIONSHIPS AND POLICIES

HE Engineering Foundation Board is charged with the re-
sponsibility of administering funds placed at its disposal. In
the discharge of this responsibility it is the desire of the Board
to be guided by the intent of the Letter of Gift. The Board’s pur-
pose is to surround its expenditures with every practicable safeguard.
It supports no project, the merits of which have not been demon-
strated by competent inquiry. In the development of such inquiry,
it is fortunate in possessing the codperation of the National Research
Council, an organization having world-wide scientific affiliations. In
the execution of work incidental to its researches, the Board will
always be informed in detail of expenditures made from its grants
and concerning progress of the work. While the Engineering Founda-
tion Board reserves to itself the right to choose, initiate and conduct
under its own immediate direction, such researches as may commend
themselves to its membership, it is at the present time making ex-
tensive use of certain channels established by the National Research
Council, notably the Council’s Division of Engineering.

As its work develops, the Foundation will have need for additional
resources. In seeking increments to its endowment, the Foundation
is able to assure prospective benefactors that funds given in per-
petuity will be used for the purposes intended not only in the im-
mediate future, but also in more distant years. The facts that the
purposes for which funds are given are broadly stated; that the
principal is to be held on such terms and conditions that the income
can always be used “for the furtherance of research in science and
engineering, or for the advancement in any other manner of the pro-
fession of engineering and the good of mankind,” make the purposes
secure, notwithstanding the passage of time and the resulting progress
of civilization.
20 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

WORK ACCOMPLISHED
COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL*

Sussex, President Wilson requested the National Academy of

Sciences, chartered by Congress in 1863, to bring into codperation
governmental, educational, industrial and other research agencies in
the interest of National defense and scientific and industrial re-
search. There resulted the National Research Council, an organiza-
tion of scientists, engineers and educators.

June 21, 1916, Engineering Foundation Board, at a meeting in
New York, at which members of the National Academy of Sciences
were present, decided to aid the Academy in the task assigned to it
by the President. No funds having been provided, Engineering
Foundation agreed to devote its resources to the National Research
Council for one year, from September, 1916. In fulfilment of this
agreement, the Foundation gave the use of its offices in Engineering
Societies Building, the services of its secretary, and its income, in-
creased by special gifts for this purpose from Ambrose Swasey and
Edward Dean Adams.

To strengthen the bond, the secretary of each organization was
made ex officio an assistant secretary, without salary, of the other
organization. This arrangement continues. As assistant secretary
of National Research Council, the secretary of Engineering Founda-
tion became a member of the Executive Board of the Council.

At a special meeting of the Engineering Foundation Board held
September 5, 1917, the Chairman read the following resolution
adopted by the National Research Council at a recent meeting:

[5 April, 1916, following the German submarine attack on the

As the year for which the codperative arrangement was made between the En-
gineering Foundation and the National Research Council will soon expire, the
Research Council wishes again to record its high appreciation of the liberal
financial and personal assistance which the Foundation and its members have

* The first formal publication of Engineering Foundation, issued under date of
February, 1917, entitled “Report on the Origin, Foundation and Scope of the Na-
tional Research Council,” presents in detail the earlier steps in the development of
the Foundation’s codperative relations with the Council.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 21

afforded in the organization and support of the work of the Council in this first
year of its existence. It seems exceedingly desirable to maintain close relations
between engineers and research workers which the Research Council has for the
first time succeeded in establishing. Accordingly the Council wishes to express
the hope that it may be practicable to continue some effective form of co-
operation between the two bodies and it would be glad to appoint representa-
tives to consider this matter with men designated by the Foundation.

At a meeting of the Foundation Board held September 20, 1917,
the following resolution was unanimously adopted:
Resolved: That the Engineering Foundation receives with pleasure the resolu-
tion of the National Research Council expressing appreciation of the financial
and personal assistance rendered to the organization and work of the Council
during the past year. Reciprocating the Council’s desire for the maintenance
of close relations between workers in science and in engineering, the Foundation
hereby declares that it will be its policy to continue the codperation between
the two bodies in all practicable ways that may be now, or may become, mutu-
ally available, such ways consisting of the interchange of helpful suggestions,
advice, information, office representation and similar facilities, and in addition
a recognition of community of purpose that shall promote in the field of engi-
neering research increasingly intimate relations between engineering and science.
The reciprocal designation of the Secretary of each of the bodies as an as-
sistant Secretary of the other for the purpose of enabling both bodies to have
offices in both New York and Washington is favorably regarded, and the Foun-
dation welcomes and gladly accepts the offered assistance of the Research Coun-
cil in the national co-relation of the engineering research work of the
Foundation to which the Foundation’s resources will be devoted.

In total, sixty members of the Founder Societies are members of
National Research Council, and of these, eight are members of the
Foundation Board. The total membership of National Research
Council is about one hundred and seventy-five. One member of
Engineering Foundation Board and its Secretary, and thirty-one
additional members of the Founder Societies, are members of the
National Research Council in divisions other than the Division of
Engineering and on its Executive Board. Engineers have, therefore,
an influential position in the Council and a large measure of respon-
sibility for its success.

DIVISION OF ENGINEERING, OF THE COUNCIL

Wir the codperation of the Engineering Foundation and a num-
ber of national engineering societies, National Research Council
formed an Engineering Committee, which was active until the cessa-
tion of hostilities. Soon after the Armistice was signed, a Division of
Engineering was substituted, “‘to carry out the general purpose of co-
22 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

ordinating the scientific resources of the entire country as regards
engineering and to secure the codperation of all engineering agencies
in which research facilities are available.”

Under the able leadership of Henry M. Howe, as chairman, with
Galen H. Clevenger, as vice-chairman, the Division of Engineering
was organized early in 1919 and a program of research initiated.
With this division Engineering Foundation is closely bound. Every
member of the Division of Engineering has membership in one or
more of the Founder Societies. Seven are also members of the Engi-
neering Foundation Board.

In August, Dr. Howe found it imperative for him to relinquish the
duties of the chairmanship on account of limitations of health, and
Mr. Clevenger resigned because of the necessities of his professional
practice. Prof. Comfort A. Adams, dean of Harvard Engineering
School, Harvard University, and past-president of the American In-
stitute of Electrical Engineers, has been chosen chairman of the Di-
vision and Dr. Howe has been elected honorary chairman.

At present the Division has eighteen committees, each charged with
a specific line of research and together covering a wide variety of
subjects of interest to engineers and the industries.

MEMBERS OF THE DIVISION OF ENGINEERING

Representatives of American Society of Civil Engineers
Anson Marston,? Dean of Engineering, Iowa State College.
H. Hopart Porter, 2, 3, 4,5 President, American Water Works & Electric Com-
pany (Sanderson & Porter).
GeorcE S. WessTer,! Director, Department of Wharves, Docks and Ferries,
Philadelphia.

Representatives of American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers
HENNEN JENNINGS,? Mining Engineer.
Puitie N. Moore,? Consulting Mining Engineer and Geologist.
JoserpH W. RicHarps,2;> Professor of Metallurgy, Lehigh University.

Representatives of American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ArTHuR M. Greene,? Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Rensselaer Poly-
technic Institute.
W. F. M. Goss,’ 4 5 President, Railway Car Manufacturers Association.
D. S. Jacosus,?, & +> Advisory Engineer, The Babcock & Wilcox Company.

Representatives of American Institute of Electrical Engineers
Comrort A. ApamMs,3, 4 Lawrence Professor of Engineering and Dean of Har-
vard Engineering School, Harvard University.
Frank B. Jewetr,* ° Chief Engineer, Western Electric Company.
Wits R. WuitNey,” * Director, Research Laboratory, General Electric
Company.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 23

Representative of American Society for Testing Materials
A, A. STEVENSON,” § Vice-President and Engineer, Standard Steel Works.
Representative of Illuminating Engineering Society
Epwarp P. Hype,‘ Director, Nela Research Laboratory, National Lamp Works,
General Electric Company.
Representative of Western Society of Engineers
ArtHur N. Tatsot,!, $ Professor of Municipal and Sanitary Engineering,
University of Illinois.
Representative of Society of Automotive Engineers
Cuares F. KETTERING,’ 4 Vice-President, The Dayton Engineering
Laboratories Company.
Members at Large
Henry M. Howe,? Professor Emeritus of Metallurgy, Columbia University.
Gaten H. CLeveNGeER,? Consulting Metallurgist.
Epwarp Dean Apams,}. 4, 5 Engineer-Financier,
Joun J. Carty,* Chief Engineer, American Telephone and Telegraph Company.
Gano Dunn,}, 3, 4 President, J. G. White Engineering Corporation.
Van H. Mannine,? Director, U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Cuartes F. Ranp,? 5 Owner and Operator of Iron and Manganese Mines.
E. Gysson SPiLspury,} 2, 8, 5 Consulting Mining and Metallurgical Engineer.
BraDLEY STOUGHTON,? Consulting Metallurgist.
S. W. Stratton,’, * Director, Bureau of Standards,
AMBROSE SwasEy,® President, The Warner & Swasey Company.
WILLIAM R. Warker,? Assistant to President, U. S. Steel Corporation.
A representative of the Government Division. (Not yet named.)

1. Member of American Society of Civil Engineers. } :

2 Member of American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers,
3 Member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

« Member of American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

5 Member of Engineering Foundation Board.

Note: No differentiation has been made above as to grade of membership.

GENERAL RELATIONS OF THE FOUNDATION WITH THE
DIVISION OF ENGINEERING

AT a meeting of the Engineering Foundation Board held February
13, 1910, a special committee was appointed on Relations with Na-
tional Research Council, of which W. F. M. Goss was chairman and
the other members were Charles Warren Hunt, Silas H. Woodard and
Frank B. Jewett. Under date of April 10, this committee reported
as follows:

Your Committee on Relations with National Research Council,
after several meetings and conferences, recommends the approval by
the Foundation Board of the following proposals:

1. Engineering Foundation, recognizing the desirability of maintaining close affilia-
tion with National Research Council, proposes to collaborate with the Council “for
24 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

the furtherance of research in science and engineering, or for the advancement in
any other manner of the profession of engineering and the good of mankind.”

2. To contribute to the above end, as part of the policy of Engineering Foundation,
office space in Engineering Societies Building has been engaged at the expense of
Engineering Foundation, in addition to its own requirements, to serve as the New
York office of the Engineering Division of the National Research Council, beginning
May 1, tg1g9, and the Foundation, having brought its office to an adjacent room, in
addition proffers to the Council and its Engineering Division, without charge, such
secretarial services as the Foundation may from time to time determine.

3. National Research Council has proposed that its Engineering Division, com-
prising in all not less than 23 nor more than 28 members (of whom at least 7 and
not more than 12 shall be members at large), be so organized as to include at least
5 members of Engineering Foundation, and (including these 5) 17 members of the
Founder Societies. Engineering Foundation accepts this proposal as well calculated
to meet the mutual requirements of the Foundation and the National Research
Council.

4. Engineering Foundation proposes to collaborate with National Research Coun-
cil in the activities of its Engineering Division and to make such appropriations of
funds to aid specific undertakings of the Division as the Foundation may from time
to time determine.

5. It is understood that all publications relating to research work in which the
Foundation shall have participated, will be issued under the joint names of the
Engineering Foundation and the National Research Council.

At a meeting April 10, the Executive Committee voted to recom-
mend this report to the Foundation Board for adoption. April 22,
at a special meeting of Engineering Foundation Board, evidences
were presented of the acceptability to National Research Council of
the proposed relations, in the form of notes of the meeting of the
Engineering Division, April 12, and of the Executive Board of the
Council, April 15, at which favorable actions were taken; also a let-
ter from Chairman George E. Hale was read and the following letter
dated April 21 from Vice-Chairman Gano Dunn, of the Council:

Paragraph No. 3 of your letter of April 16* seems now to be all right; that is, if
people do not make the mistake of regarding the five members drawn from the
Engineering Foundation as directly, as distinguished from indirectly, representing
the Engineering Foundation.

While these members are drawn from the Engineering Foundation and represent
it ex officio, as it were, they are not selected by the Engineering Foundation, but by
the Founder Societies.

1 do not think this will cause any further misunderstanding, but if it should, we
can speak of the members of the Engineering Division of the Research Council as
consisting, among others, of three representatives from each of the Founder Societies,
of whom one from each Society shall be drawn from the membership of the Engi-
neering Foundation Board.

The report of the Special Committee on Relations with National
Research Council, as recommended by the Executive Committee, was

* This letter transmitted the “proposals” quoted above.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 25

adopted by the Foundation Board. To carry out certain provisions
of the report, the Foundation engaged two offices on the sixteenth
floor of Engineering Societies Building. The Division of Engineering
moved into its New York office, from Washington, in June, 1919.

To a letter from Chairman Goss, of the Foundation, May 6, 19109,
inquiring whether the Division was prepared to make any recom-
mendation to the Foundation, covering specific researches, Acting
Chairman Clevenger replied May 14, suggesting support of a research
in the fatigue phenomena of metals.

Under date of July 29, 1919, the Division recommended that the
Foundation undertake preliminary research in a number of subjects
and underwrite the expense to an amount not exceeding $1500. The
subjects named were: New Hardness Testing Machine, Elimination
of Sonims from Steel, Uses of Cadmium, Uses of Alloy Steels, Pyrom-
eters, Improvement of Metals at Blue Heat, Uses of Tellurium and
Selenium, Neumann Bands in Iron and Steel, Heat Treatment of
Carbon Steel, Pulverizing, Electrical Insulation, and Substitute
Deoxidizers. August 20, the Executive Committee of the Foun-
dation took action to support these preliminary investigations.
When this preliminary research shall have been sufficiently advanced,
a report will be made by the Division of Engineering to the Founda-
tion with further recommendations as to specific researches which
may be undertaken.

RESEARCH IN FaTiGUE PHENOMENA OF METALS

AT its meeting of May 16, the Foundation Board declared its willing-
ness to appropriate for this important research a sum not to exceed
$15,000 per year for two years, contingent upon the submission by
the Division of Engineering of an acceptable detailed plan for the
conduct of the research. Such a plan has been submitted and ap-
proved. The work is to be done in the laboratories of the Engineer-
ing Experiment Station of the University of Illinois under the direc-
tion of Prof. H. F. Moore, in accordance with an agreement to which
the University, the Engineering Foundation and the National Re-
search Council are parties. This agreement provides that the Engi-
neering Division’s Committee on the Fatigue Phenomena of Metals
shall constitute an Advisory Committee on the tests and the publi-
cation of results. The Experiment Station shall have the right to
publish the results in full as a bulletin of the station, but in addition
26 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

shall prepare a brief, comprehensive statement suitable for publica-
tion in the journals of the Engineering Societies.

INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

In May, 1916, the Foundation and the National Research Council
appointed a joint special committee to formulate a scheme for devel-
oping engineering and industrial research. This joint committee
recommended an Industrial Research Section with two committees:
(1) an advisory committee, (2) an active committee. In the reor-
ganization of National Research Council after the Armistice, a Di-
vision of Industrial Relations was substituted for the active
committee on industrial research, and the advisory committee now
exercises the advisory function for the National Research Council as
a whole. Of the Division of Industrial Relations, the Secretary of
Engineering Foundation is a member. To him was assigned in May,
1918, the collecting of information about existing industrial research
laboratories in the United States. After correspondence and inquiry
extending through fifteen months, names of approximately two
hundred and fifty laboratories connected with the industries,
which give whole or part time to industrial research and devel-
opment, as distinguished from routine investigations and tests, have
been collected. Some information has been assembled and classified
concerning each of these laboratories. This body of information,
which it is believed will be of much use, is being prepared for pub-
lication under the joint auspices of the Engineering Foundation and
the Division of Industrial Relations of National Research Council.

OTHER INVESTIGATIONS

From approximately fifty suggestions made to date, the Engineering
Foundation Board has selected for investigation: (1) wear of gears,
(2) spray camouflage for ships, (3) directive control of wireless com-
munication, (4) weirs for measurement of water, (5) establishment
of a testing station for large water wheels and other large hydraulic
equipment, (6) mental hygiene of industry. Investigations numbers
1, 3, 4, and 6 are in progress; the other two have been completed.

In February, 1916, for an experimental study of the wear of gears
an appropriation of one thousand dollars was made to Professors
Guido H. Marx and William F. Durand, of Leland Stanford
Junior University. A special machine has been designed and built
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 27

for the purpose of this investigation and some tests made. Progress
was interrupted by the war. Service to the Government during the
war obliged Professor Durand to give up his share in the work. He
was succeeded by Professor Lawrence E. Cutter.

To aid in solving the problem of protecting ships from attack
by submarines, Engineering Foundation, in November, 1917, joined
with the New York Committee on Submarine Defense, Professor
George B. Pegram, of Columbia University, Chairman, in making
experiments on concealment by means of spray from special nozzles
disposed at suitable points on the ship. Professor M. I. Pupin, Dr.
Charles Warren Hunt and Mr. Edward Dean Adams were appointed
a committee to codperate with Professor Pegram in the supervision
of the experiments. Under the immediate direction of Howard P.
Quick, Mechanical Engineer, a barge lent by the United States Navy
was equipped, and a number of tests made in New York harbor,
which led to the conclusion that the method was not practical. An
appropriation of two thousand dollars was made by the Foundation,
but all expenses were otherwise met.

In order to investigate certain elements of methods proposed for
the secret directive control of wireless communication, the sum of
five hundred dollars was put at the disposal of Professor Pupin in
March, 1918. A number of experiments have been made, but con-
clusions have not been reached.

Many experiments have been made upon weirs as means for
measuring flowing water and other liquids. Several elements of the
problem remain unsolved, and others have not been satisfactorily
solved. In December, 1918, an appropriation not to exceed twenty-
five hundred dollars was made for an investigation to be carried on
under the direction of Clemens Herschel, Hydraulic Engineer, in
collaboration with the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.

In December, 1918, Julius Alsberg, Consulting Hydraulic Engi-
neer, suggested the establishment of a testing station for large water
wheels and other large hydraulic equipment. Silas H. Woodard, H.
Hobart Porter and Calvert Townley were appointed a committee to
inquire into this subject. This committee reported in May, to1o,
that such a testing station was not practical, that it is not advisable
to establish a testing flume for small models because existing flumes
meet all requirements, but that testing of water wheels now in place
would be useful and practicable.
28 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

In February, 1919, the Foundation authorized Dr. E. E. Southard,
Director, Massachusetts State Psychiatric Institute, to make a pre-
liminary investigation as to the part played by mental abnormali-
ties in industry. Upon the presentation of a report in May, show-
ing satisfactory preliminary results, for which an expenditure of
three hundred dollars had been made, twenty-five hundred dollars
were appropriated for a research in mental hygiene of industry to be
made under Dr. Southard’s direction during the twelvemonth be-
ginning June 1, 1919. Dr. W. F. M. Goss, J. Parke Channing, E. W.
Rice, Jr., and Thomas T. Read were appointed an advisory commit-
tee. The objects of this research are to develop or discover methods
for adapting psychopathic individuals to usefulness in industry and
to prevent them from becoming sources of disturbance, in so far as
these ends may prove attainable.

The Foundation Board realized, however, that the research in
mental hygiene of industry dealt with only one of many elements
of the industrial personnel problem. Therefore, in June, 1919, the
Board addressed to the National Research Council a letter proposing
a coordinated, broad research in problems of industrial personnel.
In response, the Council appointed a committee consisting of repre-
sentatives of its divisions of Anthropology and Psychology, Educa-
tional Relations, Engineering, Industrial Relations and Medicine,
and the Chairman of the National Research Council, to consider
means of furthering the study of the problems of industrial employ-
ment.

The problem of engineering organization, because of its excep-
tional importance, commended itself to the Engineering Foundation
Board as one well worthy of its attention. From time to time groups
of engineers have associated themselves in the formation of societies,
some local, some national, having purposes which are variously
stated, and designated to serve groups variously defined. The value
of all such organizations would be enhanced if localized activities
could be codrdinated; if the national undertakings could be effec-
tively interwoven with the local; and if the purpose and functioning
of all could be made to harmonize with the profound changes in the
social and industrial relationships resulting from the more recent ap-
plication of the fundamental sciences.

The problem of outlining a proceeding which may serve to bring
about improvement is, broadly stated, not one of an individual so-
ciety nor of any single locality, but one which, on the contrary, in its
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 29

extent, is all-embracing in its classification, and as a consequence one
which can best be developed through the aid of a neutral agency.

In September, 1918, the Foundation offered to the four Founder
Societies to undertake an investigation of this problem along the
broadest lines, calling to its aid highly qualified experts, and avail-
ing itself of the help of agencies willing to codperate. The Board in
proposing this research had no desire nor purpose to intrude upon the
domain of individual organizations, nor to control the action of any
individual organization, nor to ask the acceptance of its conclusions;
but its purpose was to develop a possible procedure, or a series of
procedures, of such evident merit that they would appeal to those who
were likely to be most interested. For reasons which seemed to be
good and sufficient, this investigation was not undertaken.
30 THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

AN ORGANIZATION AFFILIATED WITH THE
ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

AN OUTLINE OF ITs ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS

scientists, engineers and educators, established in April, 1916,

under the Congressional charter of the National Academy of
Sciences, given in 1863. It comprises representatives of national sci-
entific and technical societies, chiefs of technical bureaus of the Army
and the Navy, heads of governmental bureaus engaged in scientific
research, representatives of other research organizations, and other
persons whose aid may advance the objects of the Council.

The principal duties of the Council are defined in the following
abridged statements from the Executive Order issued by the Presi-
dent of the United States, May 11, 1918:

To stimulate research in the mathematical, physical and biological sciences and in
the application of these sciences to engineering, agriculture, medicine and other use-
ful arts;

To survey the larger possibilities of science, to formulate comprehensive projects
of research, and to develop means for dealing with these projects;

To promote codperation in research in order to secure concentration of effort,
minimize duplication, and stimulate progress;

To gather and collate scientific and technical information at home and abroad and
to render such information available.

N esis Research Council is an organization of American

The membership of the National Research Council is chosen with
the view of making the Council an effective federation of the princi-
pal research agencies in the United States concerned with the fields
of science and technology. The Council is organized in thirteen di-
visions of two classes:

(A) Six divisions dealing with the more general relations and ac-
tivities of the Council:

I. Government Division.
II. Division of Foreign Relations.
THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION 31

III. Division of States Relations.

IV. Division of Educational Relations.
V. Division of Industrial Relations.
VI. Research Information Service.

(B) Seven divisions of science and technology:

VII. Division of Physical Sciences.

VIII. Division of Engineering.
IX. Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology.
X. Division of Geology and Geography.
XI. Division of Medical Sciences.

XII. Division of Biology and Agriculture.

XIII. Division of Anthropology and Psychology.

The Division of Engineering includes twenty-eight members,
nominated as follows and elected by the National Academy of
Sciences:

American Society of Civil Engineers . . . . . . three
American Institute of Mining and Metallureical Buincers ; three
American Society of Mechanical Engineers . . . . . . . .~ three
American Institute of Electrical Engineers . . . . . . . .~ three
American Society for Testing Materials . . . . .. . . one
Society of Automotive Engineers . . : uct . one
Illuminating Engineering Society . . So Abe Soe. Be. Tone
Western Society of Engineers . . be ie oe eee cp Ome
Members at Large, nominated by the Division 5 em ae oe ee “twelve

At least five of the representatives are members of the Engineering
Foundation, one of whom is the Chairman of that body.

National Research Council is supported by gifts and appropria-
tions from private foundations, industries, individuals and the Gov-
ernment. Its main office is at 1201 Sixteenth Street, Washington,
D. C., and it has a branch office in Engineering Societies Building,
29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York.

George E. Hale, Director of the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory,
was the first chairman of National Research Council. Upon Dr.
Hale’s resignation in May, 1919, he was succeeded by John C.
Merriam, Professor of Paleontology, University of California. By
election, James R. Angell, Dean of University Faculties, University
of Chicago, became chairman July 1, 1919.
FORM OF BEQUEST FOR ENGINEERING FOUNDATION

I give to UNITED ENGINEERING Society, a New York cor-
poration, whose principal office is in the City of New York,
TEOSUBEO! eran taken vas BOUTS (Bev ieaesee a

for the Engineering Foundation maintained by said society.