Cornell University Library Ithaca, Nem York BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 Cornell University Library TJ 270.E45 1917 arts and special tables for Li engr STEAM CHARTS STEAM CHARTS AND SPECIAL TABLES FOR TURBINE CALCULATIONS BY F. O. ELLENWOOD Professor of Heat Power Engineering, Cornell University, Member ofthe American Society of Mechanical Engineers SPECIAL EDITION NEW YORK JOHN WILEY &‘SONS, Inc. Lonpon: CHAPMAN & HALL, Limirtep Copyright, 1917, by t. O. ELLENWOOD 1914 Edition Copyrighted in Great Britain Printed in U. 8. A. PRESS OF BRAUNWORTH & CO. BOOK MANUFACTURERS BROOKLYN, NEW YORK PREFACE Tuts little book is intended to be of assistance to engineers and students when making calculations involving wet or superheated steam. The chief aim of the author has been to prepare a set of steam charts which shall be accurate and comprehensive, and at the same time convenient to handle, and easy to read. An attempt has also been made to give, concisely, the corrections to be applied to the readings of mercury columns, and to prepare a table of velocities, which it is hoped may prove useful. In order to illustrate some of the uses of the charts and tables, and also to aid those who may desire it, a number of probiems, with their solutions, have been added. To make these of more assistance, they have been indexed. For the further aid of those who may desire a brief review of the thermodynamics of steam, and in order to make clear the meaning of all terms used, the few pages of Fundamental Principles were written. For the main chart, total heat and specific volume were chosen as coordinates because of the fact that upon these two values could be plotted lines of constant pressure, entropy and quality (or superheat), so that each pair of the five sets of lines will make clear intersections. The total heat entropy chart does not permit this. To complete the set of values ordinarily needed, the curve was added, showing the heat of the liquid and temperature of vapori- zation. The supplementary chart, Plate 8, enables one to read the external work, and therefore obtain easily the intrinsic heat. The index chart for Plates 1 to 6 was made to give a general idea of the relative position and shape of each set of lines, to show quickly the limiting values for each of the six sections, and to assist in determining the particular plate needed. The range of pressures, qualities, and superheats is intended to be more than sufficient for present practice. For the wet region the inch of mercury was used as the main unit to represent pressures iii iv PREFACE less than one pound absolute, as it is believed that this is the more convenient one for practical work. Special endeavor has been made to prevent confusion of these two units by using broken lines to represent pressures in inches of mercury, and by putting the proper units with each numeral representing pressure in this region. The book form of chart was chosen because the author believes that it will be of greater convenience and easier to read than a large folded chart made to the same scales. By making the plates small the eye has to travel only a short distance to read the scales, and this may also be done without requiring any desk space whatever. The book form also has the advantages of better protecting the chart, permitting a quicker reference, and wasting less space in the corners, than does the same chart when in the form of a large folded sheet. To Prof. Lionel S. Marks and to Dr. Harvey N. Davis, and to their publishers, Longmans, Green & Co., the author desires to express his thanks for permission to use their steam tables in pre- paring these charts. He also wishes to acknowledge his indebted- ness to Prof. Albert W. Smith, Director of Sibley College, and to Prof. William N. Barnard, for their many helpful criticisms; and to Mr. C. H. Berry and Mr. E. T. Jones, instructors in Sibley College, for their able assistance in preparing the charts and oroblems. F. 0. E. Ituaca, New York, August, 1914. PREFACE TO THE SPECIAL EDITION This special form of the author’s ‘“‘Steam Charts” is the result of an attempt to comply with the suggestions of a number of prominent engineers who are engaged in steam turbine design. These suggestions involve the use of a flexible binding and the elimination of the solutions of problems and all explanatory matter, in order to increase the convenience of the book when used by those thoroughly conversant with its applications. Pages from 1 to 23 and from 44 to 91 have therefore been omitted in this edition. The table of velocities has been supplemented by another table giving the velocities for each tenth of a heat unit up to 80 B.t.u. This table was not carried to higher values because Table IV already gives the velocities for each heat unit under 600 B.t.u., and it is evident that above about 80 B.t.u. the increment of velocity for each heat unit is so small that interpolation for tenths is very easily made. A table of the squares of numbers from 200 to 2000 has also been added. The author’s experience in turbine calculations leads him to believe that these additional tables are needed, and he therefore hopes that their uses may justify their publication. F. O. E. Iraaca, N. Y., March, 1917. CONTENTS PAGE CHARTS Index Chart ae foie vat oh ce des Se Re ote wm, ox: 228 Plates 1 to 7, the Total Heat-Volume Chart BL ae 13 ; 24 Plates 8a and 8b, the External Work-Volume Chart. . . . 88 Plate 9a, Correction of Mercury Column Due to Temperature 40 Plate 9b, Correction of Barometric Readings Due to Change in Elevation .. & Gh Bs ay 165 BL ge 4 Jel & ce “SO TABLES 1. Correction of Barometric Readings to 45° Latitude . . . . 41 2. Correction of the Barometer for Capillarity Be dec 1 thx 12, 24 3. Density of Mercury ; oo tee ot Sy AL 4. Jet Velocity from an Ideal Nozzle for Each B.t.u. . . 42, 43 5. Jet Velocity from an Ideal Nozzle for Each Tenth of a B.t.u. 43a, 438 6. Squares of Numbers. BL we te ee, B 43c, 43p, 438, 43r (23) 865 B.t.u. 131.3 Cu. ft. 795 B.t.u. 725 B.t.u. 480 Cu.ft } } 2 1510 B.t.u. a) a 3 500° OT? 145 Btu. Fs INDEX CHART =| % 18 409 o la 3 = % 1359 B.t.u. : 05 = Gy 2a & o, a7 3 200) “ Y 2 0, > & 1285 B.t.u. 2 3al <4%% 3 : Sy 2 © o 0 o 200° “i Lip S 1215 B.t.u. . £ i. JS II, S 8 2 9° ty p 3 BM 4a 4 ~/ oy = = | ; a ae ; S 15 Btu. r 59 e ation /Cirvel 2 (s ‘a 2b @ 1 90 Ws § 90 & “70 5a els 1090 Btu. £ G o 5 3 Neg O43 5 0 oF ¢ aoe - a (0, 2 = rey 2 & L.60 4 1025 Batu. 4 & a 0 top & 159 = = * 939 Btu. s o ~ wo on Specific. Volume (24) | PLATE la Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 12 14168888 8B ISOC 1510 1490 1450 oO a 11436 1430 4 3 3 & a 5 3 210 5 oO OQ a? ~ B14t0 3 iT q = = © 400 0 B ial 1396 1386 1376 1360 1350 1340 1330 1320 1310 1300 ; 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 Hoe Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. _ PLATE 1B (25) Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 1.2 14 1.6 18 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 — . THEE Eo A 189 oy : = PteConste .u. per Lb. ’ . 5 Ss Total Heat, B.t.u. per Lb. Total Heat, B.t oy oe Ho S Heat of Liquid in parentheses _— 1120 1110 (320) 1100 1.2 14 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 24 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. (26) 2 PLATE 2A Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 140F 1440 1240 7 8 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 13 1430 2 14220 1420 1410 1410 00 4 1400 1390 1380 1380 7 1370 1370 1360 3 1360 4 2 7 pom] & 1350 3 ; a 3 3 FO 1340 5 S13 1340 08 5 3 = x 5 1330F = C é ° 1320 zs 1320 1310 0 1300 1280 1270 1260 1250 PLATE 28 (27) Specific Volume, Cu. ft. per Ib. 1230 1230 1220 1220 1210 1210 1200 1200 1190 1190 1180 1180 1170 1170 1160 1160 1150 1150 2 2 ; 5 ©1140 1140 Q 5 a Sa + a 2 2 1130 11308 a a vo vo x gq "B1120 1120°3 © 3 & & 1110 1110 1100 (00) 1090 1090 (290) wo Z 1080 1080 SB (280) a 2 a eS 1070 1070 <= (270) z 5 5 1060 1060 4 (260) s © 1050 1050 3 (250) x 1040 1040 (240) 1030 1030 (230) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Specific Volume, Cu. ft. per Ib. (28) TLATE 3a Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 39 32 34 38 1350 1350 140 HO =| 1340 1330 = 1330 1320 4 1320 1310 1310 1300 1300 1290 1290 1280 1280 oO : 1270 1270 = vu 2 a 3 t a 3 1260 1260 3 faa} Q o ae © 1250 1250 § x oc : : 1240 1240 & & 1230 1230 1220 1220 1210 1210 1200 | 1200 1190 1190 1180 1180 1170 1170 1160 1160 150 1156 12 lj 16 18 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 20 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. PLATE 35 (29) Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 20 32 34 36 38 ry 1 T HAE rt q aso ‘ = oa = urati no Curye 4 1140 + — weal =the oo pS 140 1130 BEE Hee sot - SS 8 <7 5 1130 ul 11120 1110 SEEN Heat ea banoas mag beails meal Set 067 PE ee 11110 1100 —t . t oe — - = ee 71100 1090 ; anes : se aH Sal 54 1 1090 1080 tt fe ea ? — — 1080 1070 _ Eee Op Ss : 1070 1060 060 ao) = .S I 3.1050 050 3 ra 040 Total Heat B.t.u. per Lb. Total Heat B, > Ss , 1020 Ga) = SIN aoa i : 010 (220) TRS 4 i = 1000 aS : — = w/ Of 1000 (210) i ~ t : of ies 99 999 % (200) 980 ry SS S o ss 960 Heat of the Liquid in parenthese 940 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 oH 36 38 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb, Total Heat, B.t.u. per Lb. (30) PLATE 4A Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1230 1280 1270 1270 1260 : : SN a = SORE a 1260 1256 1240 1240 1230 1216 1210 1260 “9941200. f a A ee vo nh 1190 3 4 C4 6 Ai139 4s a vo on) , 3 g ° & 1L 1160 1150 1150 1146 1140 1130 1120 1120 1110 1110 1090 090 1080 1080 50 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. PLATE 48 (31) Specific Volume, Cu. ft. per Ib. 70 80 90 40 50 60 00 120 130 1070 1070 1060 1060 1050 1050 1040 1040 1030 = + - = =H =EF See ae = : — = =o 11030 1000 35 oe SS Se = f eres eee 1020 bs = EPS ae Seer = ~ + = ES 4100 Does ES S SS + : : : 1000 wo r=) Ss N=} 3 No} oo Ss Total Heat, B.t.u. per Ib. No} g so eo og o SS a Ss Total Heat, B.t.u. per Ib. 950 950 940 940 930 = He ; 930 920 =. = 920 a = vA n 3 2 910 910 = (a 8 900 + 900 © (130 = t 2 s = a0 890 F120 s 2 880 880 § (110) x 870 870 (100 100 110 120 130 40 50 60 70 80 90 Specific Volume, Cu. ft. per lb. 1180 1170 1160 1156 1140 1130 1120 B.t.u. per Lb. 1110 1100 Total Heat _ 1080 1060 1040 . 1030 PLATE 5A Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 50 209 250 350 400 1160 1140 1130 Total Heat,B.t.u. per Lb, Se Ss 1090 1080 1070 1060 1059 1040 030 1020 010 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. PLATE 5B (33) Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 150 200 250 300 350 400 459 1000 = 1000 990 990 98072 980 970 970 960 960 950 950 940 as SN SEN See 940 930 930 920 920 So fat o Total Heat, B.t.u. per Lb, 900 890 Total Heat, B.t.u. per Lb. a oC oe e 880 880 870 870 860 860 850 850 (100 g 840 e E a 8 & on 830 io) 3 3 30 820 g (70 E = 810 810 § (60 = 800 800 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb, .per Lb. ’ B.t.u Total Heat, (34) PLATE 64 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 500 600 700 300 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1409 =—-1600 1800 2000 2200 t oy + f rt [At Fil tot 7 5 120, | t t “ a 1140 - SA at 40 E ] qi Hy 1130 1120 1110 1199 1090 1030 _ = a Ss 1040 10308 1020 1010 1000 990 980 970 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 1130 120 00 1090 1080 1070 060 1050 1040 1030 Total Heat, B.t.u. per Lb. 1020 1010 1600 990 980 970 960 950 940 ILuLALL UB (35) Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 aa ti 930 930 920 920 910 910 9005 900 890 890 880 880 870 Rot 870 2H r ais 860 a 860 \ +5! 4 AEE 5¢ r< 850 5 850 < a ae 3 4 840 ae 840 a FS s 6 = Gg § s30f4h 2 830 a 3 3 820 820 & 810 810 800 800 790 790 780 780 (50 S 3 2 770 770 = (40) oO oS o 760 760 & (0 ae Bea Eee HES ett 3 750 750 o (20 a ey 2 740 740 § uo) x 730 730 (0) 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1000 1800 2000 2200 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. Total Heat, B.t,u. per Lb. 1410 1409 1339 1320 1310 F 1300 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 20 2 4 2% 28 30 40 50 20 2 24 "26 28 30 40 50 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb, THIS PLATE IS TO SUPPLEMENT PLATES 34 AND 44 FOR THOSE EXCEPTIONAL CASES IN WHICH EXTREMELY HIGH SUPERHEAT IS USED FOR COMPARATIVELY LOW PRESSURES. 1440 1430 1129 1419 1409 1390 1330 1370 1360 Total Heat, B.t.u. per Lb. 1339 THE TWO FOLLOWING PLATES GIVE THE EXTERNAL WORK DONE DURING THE CONSTANT PRESSURE FORMATION OF STEAM FROM WATER AT 32° F. IFLATE 3A Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 5 160 150 140 130 120 (einssorg Jut}suOD) ‘qy] s0d 'n'}'g ‘YIOAA [CUIDIXY = S a B & S 2 o a a 5 o£ a 4 = — n ao & S = = (ganssoig }UR}SUOZD) "qT dad °n'}'g ‘YIOAA [eUusaI xX] 50 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 8 10 12 14 16 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 6 5 € « 39) ( PLATE SB (aanssoig yurysuog)-q’] Jod ‘n-}-g “YIOAA [BUIOIXY = = > = = S 50 40 160 1000 140 800 120 600 100 400 Specific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. 80 300 70 Svecific Volume, Cu. Ft. per Lb. e Ss a 60 it > a > Ss S ~ = wn <= ao 50 FE 40 30 20 = — e = g 3 g 3 3 (2anssorg yurysuoD) *q’T Jod *n"}°g ‘YIOAA [VUIDX| 100 30 20 Correction in Inches of Mercury | (40) PLATE 9A Showing correction of Mercury Column due to Temperature, when scale is correct at the observed temperature Observed reading in Inches of Mercury 5 10 15 20 25 30 -e Ww os _ a cee eh eH maescn & rature of Mercu VaR eo cae LS SS Correction in Inches of Mercury 5 10 15 20 25 30 Observed reading in Inches of Mercury PLATE 9B Showing correction of Barometric Reading due to change in Elevation Altitude in Feet 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 leas fs _ w _ nN _ = Correction, in. of Hg., per 100 ft. = = s Ss Correction, in. of Hg., per 100 ft. > ao 1000 2000 3900 4900 5000 600007 Altitude in Feet (41) TABLE I SHOWING CORRECTIONS TO REDUCE BAROMETRIC READINGS TO 45° LATITUDE * For These Lati- Barometer Reading in Inches of Mercury For These tudes the Cor- Latitudes the rection is to be Correction is Subtracted 22 23 24 | 25 | 26 27 28 29 30 to be Added 0° .059 | .061 | .064 | .067 | .069 | .072 | .074 | .077 | .080 90° 10° .055 | .058 | .060 | .063 | .065 | .068 | .070 | .073 | .075 80° 20° .045 | .047 | .049 | .051 | .053 | .055 | .057 | .059 | .061 70° 30° .029 | .031 | .032 | .033 | .035 | .036 | .037 | .039 | .040 60° 40° .010 | .O11 | .011 | .012 | .012 | .012 | .013 | .013 | .014 50° 45° .000 | .000 | .000 | .QU0 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 45° * Abridged and rearranged from Table 101 of the Smithsonian Tables. TABLE II CORRECTION OF THE BAROMETER FOR CAPILLARITY f Correction to be added in inches Diameter Height of Meniscus in Inches Tube in Inches +O 02 +03 -04 205 .06 -07 08 15 . 024 047 . 069 . 092 -116 shades .20 -O11 .022 . 033 .045 . 059 .079 er .25 . 006 .012 . 019 . 028 037 .047 . 059 i sai .30 004 . 008 013 .018 023 .029 .035 . 042 .39 bdatic .005 |} .008 .012 -015 .019 .022 .027 .40 rie . 004 . 006 . 008 .010 .012 .014 . 016 45 agi 6 sce . 003 005 007 . 008 .010 .012 .50 6 et pies . 002 . 004 005 . 006 . 006 .007 55 Sibi eet .001 . 002 003 . 004 005 . 005 + From Table 103 Smithsonian Tables, modified by giving the correction only to the nearest thousandth of an inch. TABLE III DENSITY OF MERCURY f Temperature Pounds per Temperature Pounds per °F, Cubic Inch oF, Cubic Inch 0 .4928 58.1 .4899 10 .4923 60 .4898 20 .4918 70 .4893 30 .4913 80 -4888 32 4912 90 . 4883 40 .4907 100 .4878 50 . 4903 110 .4873 See page 22. (42) TABLE IV JET VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND FROM AN IDEAL NOZZLE FOR EACH B.T.U. UP TO 599 Available Energy . t.u. per Ib. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 0 0 707 1001 1226 1415 1582 1732 1872 2000 2122 2237 2346 2450 2550 2647 2740 2830 2917 3001 3083 3164 3241 3318 3392 3465 3537 3607 3676 3743 3810 1 224 742 1026 1246 1433 1598 1747 1885 2013 2134 2248 2356 24.60 2560 2657 2749 2839 2925 3010 3091 3172 3249 3325 3400 3473 3544 3614 3683 3750 3817 316 775 1050 1266 1450 1613 1761 1898 2026 2146 2259 2367 2470 2570 2666 2758 2848 2934 3018 3100 3180 3257 3332 3407 3480 3551 3620 3689 3757 3823 3 387 806 1073 1285 1467 1628 1775 1911 2038 2158 2270 2378 2480 2580 2675 2767 2857 2942 3026 3108 3188 3265 3340 3414 3487 3558 3627 3696 3763 3829 4 4A7 837 1097 1304 1484 1643 1789 1924 2050 2169 2281 2389 2490 2590 2684 2776 2866 2951 3034 3116 3196 3273 3348 3422 3494 3565 3634 3703 3770 3835 5 500 866 1120 1323 1501 1658 1803 1937 2062 2180 2292 2399 2500 2600 2694 2785 2874 2960 3042 3124 3204 3280 3355 3430 3501 3572 3641 3710 3777 3842 6 548 895 1141 1342 1517 1673 1817 1950 2074 2191 2303 2409 2511 2609 2703 2794 2882 2968 3050 3132 3211 3288 3363 3437 3508 3579 3648 3717 3783 3849 592 922 1163 1361 1533 1688 1831 1963 2086 2202 2314 2419 2521 2619 2712 2803 2891 2976 3059 3140 3219 3296 3370 3444 3516 3586 3655 3723 3790 3855 633 949 1184 1379 1550 1703 1844 1976 2098 2214 2325 2430 2531 2628 Q721 2812 2900 2984 3067 3148 3227 3303 3377 3451 3523 3593 3662 3730 3796 3861 671 975 1205 1397 1566 1718 1858 1988 2110 2226 2336 2440 2540 2637 2730 2821 2908 2993 3075 3156 3234 3310 3384 3458 3530 3600 3669 3737 3803 3868 TABLE IV (43) JET VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND FROM AN IDEAL NOZZLE FOR EACH B.T.U. UP TO 599 Available Energy B. t. u. per Ib. 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 0 3874 3939 4002 4063 4125 4185 4245 4302 4361 4418 4473 4530 4585 4639 4693 ATAS5 A797 4849 4901 4952 5002 5052 5101 5150 5198 5246 5294 5341 5387 5434 3881 3946 4008 4070 4131 4191 4251 4308 4367 44.24, 4479 4536 4590 4644 4698 4750 4802 A854 4906 4957 5007 5057 5106 5155 5203 5251 5299 5346 5392 5439 3888 3952 4014 4076 4137 4197 4257 4314 4372 4430 4485 4541 4596 4650 4703 4755 4808 4859 4911 4962 5012 5062 5111 5160 5208 5256 5303 5350 5397 5443 3 3894 3958 4020 4082 4143 4203 4263 4320 4378 4435 44.90 45 AT 4601 4655 4709 4761 4813 4865 4917 4967 5017 5067 5116 5164 5212 5260 5308 5355 5401 5448 4 3900 3964 4027 4088 4149 4209 4268 4326 4383, 4440 44.96 4552 4607 4661 4714 4766 4818 4871 4922 4972 5022 5072 5121 5169 5217 5265 5312 5359 5406 5452 5 3907 3970 4033 4094 4155 4215 4Q7T4 4332 4389 44.46 4502 4558 4612 4666 4719 4771 4823 4875 4927 4977 5027 5077 5126 5174 5229 5270 5317 5364 5411 5457 6 3913 3976 4039 4100 4161 4221 4280 4338 4395 4451 4508 4563 4617 4671 4724 4776 4828 4880 4932 4982 5032 5082 5131 5179 5227 5275 5322 5369 5416 5461 7 3920 3982 4045 4107 4167 4227 4286 4344 4401 4457 4513 4569 4623, 4677 4729 4781 4833 4885 4937 4987 5037 5087 5136 5184 5232 5280 5327 5373 5420 5466 8 3926 3989 4051 4113 4173 4.233 4291 4350 4407 4462 4519 457A 4628 4682 4735 4787 4839 4891 4942 4992 5042 5091 5140 5188 5236 5284 5331 5378 5425 5470 9 3932 3995 4058 4119 4179 4239 4297 4356 4413 4468 4524 4580 4634 4688 4740 4792 4844 4896 4947 4997 5047 5096 5145 5193 5241 5289 5336 5382 5429 5475 (43a) Available Energy B. t. a. per Ib, —= SCO OND A kwWwnd = © bak peed peek ee peed ak WN = Nee ee eownannn NNN NN NY ark WN = WNHN DN be SOW OND WWW Ww w& a hwWD = mw Ww Ww W& CSCW OND 0 0 224 316 387 447 500 548 592 633 671 707 742 715 806 836 866 895 923 949 975 1001 1026 1050 1074. 1097 1120 1141 1163 1184 1205 1226 1246 1266 1285 1304 1323 1342 1361 1379 1397 1415 71 235 324 394 453 505 553 596 637 675 710 746 779 810 839 869 898 925 952 977 1003 1028 1053 1076 1099 1122 1143 1165 1186 1207 1228 1248 1268 1287 1306 1325 1344 1363 1381 1399 1417 2 100 Q45 332 400 458 510 557 600 641 678 714 749 782 813 842 872 901 928 955 980 1006 1031 1055 1079 1101 1124 1145 1167 1188 1209 1230 1250 1270 1289 1308 1327 1346 1365 1383 1401 1419 3 122 255 339 406 463 515 562 604 645 682 718 753 785 816 845 875 904 931 957 982 1008 1033 1057 1081 1104 1126 1148 1169 1190 1211 1232 1252 1272 1290 1310 1329 1348 1366 1384 1402 1420 TABLE V JET VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND FROM AN IDEAL NOZZLE FOR EACH TENTH OF A B.T.U. UP TO 80 4 141 265 347 412 469 520 567 608 649 685 721 757 788 819 848 878 907 934 960 985 1011 1036 1060 1083 1106 1128 1150 1171 1192 1213 1234 1254 1274 1292 1312 1331 1350 1368 1386 1404 1422 5 158 Q74 354 418 ATA 525 572 613 653 689 725 760 791 821 851 881 909 936 962 987 1013 1038 1062 1085 1108 1130 1152 1174 1195 1216 1236 1256 1276 1294 1314 1333 1352 1370 1388 1406 1424 6 173 283 360 424 480 530 576 617 656 692 728 763 794 824 854 884 912 939 965 990 1015 1041 1064 1088 1111 1133 1154 1176 1197 1218 1238 1258 1278 1296 1316 1334 1353, 1372 1390 1408 1426 7 187 292 367 430 486 534 580 621 659 696 732 766 797 827 857 887 915 942 967 993 1018 1043 1067 1090 1113 1135 1156 1178 1199 1220 1240 1260 1280 1298 1317 1336 1355 1374 1392 1410 1428 200 300 374 436 491 539 584 625 663 700 735 769 800 830 860 890 918 945 970 995 1020 1046 1070 1093 1115 1137 1159 1180 1201 1222 1242 1262 1281 1300 1319 1338 1357 1375 1393 1411 1429 9 212 308 381 442 496 544 588 629 667 704 739 772 803 833 863 893 921 947 972 998 1023 1048 1072 1095 1118 1139 1161 1182 1203 1224 1244 1264 1283 1302 1321 1340 1359 1377 1395 1413 1431 Available Energy B.t. u. per Ib. So WOOMNAD UTARPWHD = 20 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 TABLE V (438) JET VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND FROM AN IDEAL NOZZLE FOR EACH Available Energy B. t. a. per lb. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 0 1433 1450 1467 1484 1501 1517 1533 1550 1566 1582 1598 1613 1628 1643 1658 1673 1688 1703 1718 1732 1747 1761 1775 1789 1803 1817 1831 1844 1858 1872 1885 1898 1911 1924 1937 1950 1963 1976 1988 | 1435 1452 1469 1486 1503 1519 1535 1552 1568 1584 1600 1615 1630 1645 1660 1675 1690 1705 1720 1734 1749 1763 1777 1791 1805 1819 1833 1846 1860 1874 1887 1900 1913 1926 1939 1952 1965 1977 1989 TENTH OF A B.T.U. UP TO 80 2 1436 1453 1470 1487 1504 1520 1536 1553 1569 1585 1601 1616 1631 1646 1661 1676 1691 1706 1721 1735 1750 1764 1778 1792 1806 1820 1834 1847 1861 1875 1888 1901 1914 1927 1940 1953 1966 1978 1990 3 1438 1455 1472 1489 1506 1522 1538 1555 1571 1587 1603 1618 1633 1648 1663 1678 1693 1708 1723, 1737 1752 1766 1780 1794 1808 1822 1836 1849 1863 1876 1889 1902 1915 1928 1941 1954 1967 1979 1991 re 1440 1457 14°74 1491 1507 1523 1540 1556 1572 1588 1604 1619 1634 1649 1664 1679 1694 1709 1724 1738 1753 1767 1781 1795 1809 1823 1837 1850 1864 1878 1891 1904 1917 1930 1943 1956 1969 1981 1993 5 1441 1458 1475 1492 1509 1525 1541 1558 1574 1590 1606 1621 1636 1651 1666 1681 1696 1711 1726 1740 1755 1769 1783 1797 1811 1825 1838 1852 1866 1879 1892 1905 1918 1931 1944 1957 1970 1982 1994 6 1443 1460 1477 1494 1510 1526 1543 1559 1575 1591 1607 1622 1637 1652 1667 1682 1697 1712 1727 1741 1756 1770 1784 1798 1812 1826 1839 1853 1867 1880 1893 1906 1919 1932 1945 1958 1971 1983 1995 7 1445 1462 1479 1496 1512 1528 1545 1561 1577 1593 1609 1624 1639 1654 1669 1684 1699 1714 1729 1743 1758 1772 1786 1800 1814 1828 1841 1855 1869 1882 1895 1908 1921 1934 1947 1960 1973 1984 1996 8 1446 1463 1480 1497 1513 1529 1546 1562 1578 1594 1610 1625 1640 1655 1670 1685 1700 1715 1730 1744 1759 1773 1787 1801 1815 1829 1842 1856 1870 1883 1896 1909 1922 1935 1948 1961 1974 1985 1997 a * 1448 1465 1482 1499 1515 1531 1548 1564 1580 1596 1612 1627 1642 1657 1672 1687 1702 1717 1731 1746 1760 1774 1788 1802 1816 1830 1843 1857 1871 1884 1897 1910 1923 1936 1949 1962 1975 1987 1999 vailable Energy B. t. u. per lb. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 (43 c) TABLE VI SQUARES OF NUMBERS, FROM 200 TO 2000, EXPRESSED IN MILLIONS, BY THE NEAREST FOUR FIGURES N 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. N 200 =.0400 0404 = .0408 = 60412) «0416 = 0420 0424 =. 0428S 0432 = 0487 = 200 210 04410445 04490454 = 04580462) 0466 = 0471S «0475 ~=— «0480 =. 210 220 = .0484 = .0488)— 0493 0497) 0502) 0506 = «0511 .0515— 0520S 0524 =. 220 230.0529 «05384-60588 0543) 0548) .0552 0557) =. 0562) «0566 = 0571 = 230 240 =.0576 = .0581 «0586 = 0590) .0595-—Ss «.0600 = «.0605—S «0610S «. 0615 — 0620 = 240 250 .0625 .0630 .0635 .0640 .0645 .0650 .0655 .0660 .0666 .0671 250 260 §=.0676 §=.0681 .0686 .0692 .0697 .0702 .0708 .0713 .0718 .0724 260 270 = .0729 0734 = .0740- 0745 0751S «0756 = «0762s «0767 )=— 0773S «0778 = 270 280 .0784 .0790 .0795 .0801 .0807 .0812 .0818 .0824 .0829 .0835 280 290 = .0841 60847) = 60853) «60858 = «0864 = «0870S «. 0876 ~—s «.0882—s «0888 = «. 0894 = 290 300 -0900 .0906 .0912 .0918 .0924 .0930 .0936 .0942 .0949 .0955 300 310 .0961 .0967 .0973 .0980 .0986 .0992 .0999 .1005 .1011 .1018 310 320 .1024 .1030 .1037 .1043 .1050 .1056 .1063 .1069 .1076 .1082 320 330 -1089 .1096 =.1102 =.1109) 1116) 11122) .1129)S 1186S 11421149) 330 340 1156 .1163) 6.1170) £1176) 1183) 1190) .1197)=— 1204S £1211 «£1218 +9340 350 .1225 1232 61239 £1246 £1253) 1260) 1267) = «1274 =. 1282s. 1289 »=—- 3350 360 .1296 1303) £1310). 1318 )— 13825) 13832) £13840) 11347) 11354 =. 1362 = 3360 370 .1369 = .13876 = .1384 61391 «1399. 14061414) .1421)— 1429) 1436) 3370 380 1444 11452 1459) 1467) 14751482) 1490) .1498 = 1505S 61513 380 390 -1521 1529) 15387). 1544 15521560) .1568 = 615761584 =. 1592) 3390 400 .1600 .1608 .1616 .1624 .1632 .1640 .1648 .1656 .1665 .1673 400 410 .1681 .1689 .1697 .1706 .1714 .1722 .1731 .17389 =.1747 = 11756 = 410 420 .1764 1772, 1781) 11789) 1798 )~— 1806 )— 11815). 1823) «1832 = 1840 = 420 430 .1849 .1858 .1866 .1875 .1884 .1892 .1901 .1910 .1918 .1927 430 440 .1936 .1945 .1953 .1962 .1971 .1980 .1989 .1998 .2007 .2016 440 450 .2025 = .2084 =. 2043, «2052, 2061S «2070S . 2079 )=—s «2088 )=— «62098 ~=—s «2107 += 450 460 2116 =. 21250 2184. 2144 21532162) 2172S. 2181S 2190S . 2200 »=— 460 470 .2209 =. 2218 =. 2228-2237) = 2247 2956 =. 2266 2275 22852294 =—470 480 .2304 =.2314 =. 2323) 23383-23843. 2352— 2362. 2372. 2381 =. 2391 = 480 490 2401 2411 2421 24300 2440 2450 =. 2460 =. 2470). 2480) =. 2490 §=— 490 500 .2500 =.2510 2520). 2530) 2540). 2550) 2560). 2570S. 2581) =. 2591 = 4500 510 2601 .2611 .2621 .2632 .2642 .2652 .2663 .2673 §=6.2683—s «2694 = 5110 520 2704 = 2714 2725 27852746 2756) 2767). Q777 = 2788) 2798 ~=— 520 530 =. 2809 —S «2820 = «6 2830). 2841) =. 2852. 2862) 6 2873). 2884 = 62894 =. 2905 = 530 540 §=.2916 =. 2927 )=—. 2988). 2949 = 62959. 2970S. 2981 =. 2992 Ss . 3008) 3014 540 550 §=.3025 = .3036- = «63047 = .3058)~— 63069 = .3080) 3S 3091S: «3102s «3114S. 3125 = 550 560 .3136 .3147 .3158 .3170 .3181 .3192 .3204 .3215 .3226 .3238 560 570 = 3249 3260) 3272) 63283) 3295S 3306) = «3318 = .3329°Ss «63341 = «68352 = 570 580 .3364 .3376 .3387 .3399 .3411 .3422 .3434 .3446 .3457 .3469 580 590 .3481 .3493 .3505 .3516 .3528 .3540 .3552 .3564 .3576 .3588 590 600 .3600 .3612 .3624 .3636 .3648 .3660 .3672 .3684 .3697 .8709 600 610) = .3721 = 3733) 8745-3758 3770S «378263795 «3807 =. 3819 =. 3832—s «610 620.3844 .3856 =.3869 =.3881_ = 3894S 3906 = . 3919S 3931 = 3944 = 3956 = 620 630 §=.3969 §=.3982 3994 = .4007 = «4020S 4082 «4045S «4058 = 64070 Ss. 4083) 630 640 §.4096 .4109 =.4122 «41844147 = 4160) .4173s 64186) .4199 = 4212) 640 N 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 SQUARES OF NUMBERS, FROM 200 TO 2000, EXPRESSED IN MILLIONS, Pee ee eek el et pe pe 0. 4225 4356 ‘4761 fe ee 1. 4238 4369 4502 . 4638 ATT5 4914 .5055 .5198 5344 5491 . 5640 .5791 5944 .6100 6257 6416 .6577 . 6740 . 6906 7073 1242 7413 7586 .7762 . 7939 .8118 . 8299 8482 . 8668 8855 9044 . 9235 . 9428 . 9624 .9821 Pe ee ee TABLE VI BY THE NEAREST FOUR FIGURES 2. 4251 . 4382 .4516 4651 4789 4828 . 5069 5213 .5358 .5506 .5655 . 5806 . 5960 .6115 . 6273 . 6432 .6593 .6757 . 6922 . 7090 7259 7430 . 7604 7779 1957 .8136 .8317 .8501 . 8686 . 8874 . 9063 9254 9448, . 9643 .9841 . 004 024 044 . 065 . 086 .107 . 128 . 149 171 . 192 be ee 3. 4264 .4396 4529 . 4665 . 4802 4942 . 5084 . 5228 .5373 . 5520 . 5670 . 5822 .5975 .6131 . 6288 6448 .6610 6773 .6939 7106 7276 - 7448 7621 .TI97 T1974 .8154 . 8336 .8519 .8705 . 8892 . 9082 . 9274 . 9467 . 9663 . 9860 006 . 026 047 . 067 . 088 . 109 .130 .151 195 Pe ee 4. 4277 . 44.09 4543 4679 .4816 .4956 .5098 5242 . 5388 .5535 . 5685 .5837 .5991 .6147 . 6304 6464 . 6626 .6790 . 6956 7123 7293 7465 . 7639 7815 . 7992 .8172 .8354 - 8538 8724 .8911 .9101 . 9293 9487 . 9683 . 9880 .008 . 028 .049 . 069 .090 111 .132 .153 175 .197 Pe ee 5. .4290 4422 4556 . 4692 . 4830 .4970 .5112 .5256 . 5402 .5550 .5700 . 5852 . 6006 .6162 . 6320 . 6480 .6642 . 6806 .6972 7140 .7310 7482 7656 . 7832 .8010 .8190 .8372 .8556 . 8742 . 8930 .9120 .9312 . 9506 . 9702 . 9900 .010 . 030 .051 O71 .092 113 134 . 156 177 .199 Pe ee 115 .201 te 7. .4316 A449 .4583 .4720 .4858 .4998 .5141 . 5285 . 9432 . 5580 .5730 . 5883 . 6037 . 6194 . 6352 .6512 . 6675 . 6839 . 7006 7174 7344 7517 . 7691 . 7868 . 8046 . 8226 . 8409 .8593 .8780 . 8968 .9158 .9351 9545 . 9742 . 9940 014 . 034 .055 .075 . 096 LT .138 . 160 . 182 203 Pe ee et et 8. 4330 . 4462 4597 .4733 4872 .5013 .5155 . 5300 5446 .5595 5 TAG . 5898 . 6053 . 6209 . 6368 .6529 .6691 . 6856 7022 . 7191 7362 71534 . 7709 7885 . 8064 8245 8427 .8612 .8798 .8987 .9178 .9370 . 9565 .9761 . 9960 .016 . 036 057 077 .098 .119 141 . 162 . 184 . 206 ft ee et et (43D) 9. 4343, 4476 -4610 TAT - 4886 . 5027 .5170 .5314 . 5461 . 5610 N 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 799 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 800 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 930 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 (43 8) TABLE VI SQUARES OF NUMBERS, FROM 200 TO 2000, EXPRESSED IN MILLIONS, BY THE NEAREST FOUR FIGURES N 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. N 1100 1.210 1.212 1.214 1.217 1.219 1.221 1.223 1.225 1.228 1.230 1100 1110) 1.232 «1.234 §=1.237 1.289 1.241 1.243 1.245 1.248 1.250 1.252 1110 1120) 1.254 «1.257 1.259 1.261 1.263 1.266 1.268 1.270 1.272 1.275 1120 1130) 1.277) «1.279 «1.281 1.284 =1.286 §=1.288 §=1.290 1.293 1.295 1.297 1130 1140 1.300 1.302 1.304 1.306 1.309 1.311 1.313 1.316 1.318 1.320 1140 1150 1.322 1.325 1.327 1.329 1.332 1.334 1.336 1.339 1.341 1.343 1150 1160 1.346 1.348 1.350 1.353 1.355 1.357 1.360 1.362 1.364 1.367 1160 1170 1.369 1.371 1.374 1.876 1.878 1.381 1.383 1.385 1.388 1.390 1170 1180 1.392 1.395 1.397 1.399 1.402 1.404 1.407 1.409 1.411 1.414 1180 1190 1.416 1.418 1.421 1.423 1.426 1.428 1.430 1.433 1.435 1.438 1190 1200 1.440 1.442 1.445 1.447 1.450 1.452 1.454 1.457 1.459 1.462 1200 1210 1.464 1.467 1.469 1.471 1.474 1.476 1.479 1.481 1.484 1.486 1210 1220 1.488 1.491 1.493 1.496 1.498 1.501 1.503 1.506 1.508 1.510 1220 1230 1.513 1.515 1.518 1.526 1.523 1.525 1.528 1.530 1.533 1.535 1230 1240 1.538 1.540 1.543 1.545 1.548 1.550 1.553 1.555 1.558 1.560 1240 1250 1.5638 1.565 1.568 1.570 1.573 1.575 1.578 1.580 1.583 1.585 1250 1260 1.588 1.590 1.593 1.595 1.598 1.600 1.603 1.605 1.608 1.610 1260 1270 1.613 1.615 1.618 1.621 1.623 1.626 1.628 1.631 1.633 1.636 1270 1280 1.638 1.641 1.644 1.646 1.649 1.651 1.654 1.656 1.659 1.662 1280 1290 1.664 1.667 1.669 1.672 1.674 1.677 1.680 1.682 1.685 1.687 1290 1300 1.690 1.693 1.695 1.698 1.700 1.703 1.706 1.708 1.711 1.718 1300 1310 1.716 1.719 1.721 1.724 1.727 1.729 1.732 1.734 1.737 1.740 1310 1320 1.742 1.745 1.748 1.750 1.753 1.756 1.758 1.761 1.764 1.766 1320 1330 1.769 1.772 1.774 1.777 1.780 1.782 1.785 1.788 1.790 1.793 1330 1340 1.796 1.798 1.801 1.804 1.806 1.809 1.812 1.814 1.817 1.820 1340 1350 1.822 1.825 1.828 1.831 1.833 1.836 1.839 1.841 1.844 1.847 1350 1360 1.850 1.852 1.855 1.858 1.860 1.863 1.866 1.869 1.871 1.874 1360 1370 1.877 1.880 1.882 1.885 1.888 1.891 1.893 1.896 1.899 1.902 1370 1380 1.904 1.907 1.910 1.913 1.915 1.918 1.921 1.924 1.927 1.929 1380 1390 1.932 1.935 1.938 1.940 1.943 1.946 1.949 1.952 1.954 1.957 1390 1400 1.960 1.963 1.966 1.968 1.971 1.974 1.977 1.980 1.982 1.985 1400 1410 1.988 1.991 1.994 1.997 1.999 2.002 2.005 2.008 2.011 2.014 1410 1420 2.016 2.019 2.022 2.025 2.028 2.031 2.033 2.036 2.039 2.042 1420 1430 2.045 2.048 2.051 2.053 2.056 2.059 2.062 2.065 2.068 2.071 1430 1440 2.074 2.076 2.079 2.082 2.085 2.088 2.091 2.094 2.097 2.100 1440 1450 2.102 2.105 2.108 2.111 2.114 2.117 2.120 2.123 2.126 2.129 1450 1460 2.132 2.135 2.1387 2.140 2.143 2.146 2.149 2.152 2.155 2.158 1460 1470 2.161 2.164 2.167 2.170 2.173 2.176 2.179 2.182 2.184 2.187 1470 1480 2.190 2.193 2.196 2.199 2.202 2.205 2.208 2.211 2.214 2.217 1480 1490 2.220 2.223 2.226 2.229 2.232 2.235 2.238 2.241 2.244 2.947 1490 1500 2.250 2.253 2.256 2.259 2.262 2.265 2.268 2.271 2.274 2.277 1500 1510 2.280 2.283 2.286 2.289 2.292 2.295 2.298 2.301 2.304 2.307 1510 1520 2.310 2.313 2.316 2.320 2.323 2.326 2.329 2.332 2.335 2.338 1520 1530 2.341 2.344 2.347 2.350 2.353 2.356 2.359 2.362 2.365 2.369 1530 1540 2.372 2.375 2.378 2.381 2.384 2.387 2.390 2.393 2.396 2.399 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 aann WW W WW WWW WWM WWW WW oo 69 69 09 CO 0D * WH WH G9 69 G9 69 GO =O GO GO CO OO ~ 9 09 G9 C9 G9 = G9: GO GO CO 09 0. . 402 434 465 496 528 .560 . 592 624 . 690 722 756 . 789 . 822 .856 .890 . 924 .958 .993 . 028 . 062 . 098 133 . 168 204 . 240 . 276 .312 349 . 386 422 WD WW WWD WWWNWWMD WWWWWD go 69 69 69 GO 69 ~ WW o9 G9 69 G9 GO = GD BO G9 OO C9 3d 09 09 69 G9 = GD BO GO OO OO 1. 406 437 . 468 .500 .531 . 563 .595 . 628 660 .693 726 759 792 . 826 .859 .893, . 928 . 962 996 031 . 066 .101 . 136 .172 . 208 244 . 280 .316 353 389 426 463 .501 .538 .576 .614 .652 .690 . 767 .806 846 885 . 924 OBA, wt * WW 2 2 WO % tO 0 09 69 G9 9 C9 89 69 *~H W g9 09 09 09 GO = GD GO G9 C9 CO “98 G9 G9 G9 G9 =O CO OO C9 C9 . 863 .897 .931 . 965 . 000 035 .070 .105 . 140 176 211 247 . 283 . 320 . 356 393 430 504 542 .580 .618 .656 . 694 733 171 .810 . 849 .889 928 968 tS WW W WW W W W Wr WW W WW WO 2) 09 69 69 CO = G9 GO OO 09 09 3. 412 443, ATA .506 .538 .570 . 602 634 . 667 699 . 732 . 166 799 832 866 . 900 934 . 969 . 003 038 073 .108 144 179 215 .251 287 . 323 . 360 397 434 .508 .546 .583 621 . 660 .698 736 715 814 853 . 932 972 TABLE VI SQUARES OF NUMBERS, FROM 200 TO 2000, EXPRESSED IN MILLIONS, BY THE NEAREST FOUR FIGURES G9 69 C9 G9 69 = GD GO ® We oo 09 09 09 GD = GD 69 09 GO 09 oo 69 69 69 CO = OD 09 G9 09 09 4. 415 446 ATT .509 541 573 .605 .637 670 703 736 . 769 . 802 .836 870 . 904 . 938 972 007 042 O77 .112 147 183 .218 254 437 587 W WW W WW WW W 2 o9 G9 C9 G9 GD = 09 69 ~H WW go 09 69 09 CO OD G9 G9 GO C9 eo co 69 9 G9 =O 69 69 69 OO .576 739 873 907 941 .976 .010 045 . 080 115 151 186 - 222 . 258 . 294 .331 367 404 AT 478 .516 .553 .591 . 629 . 667 706 714A 783 822 .861 .901 .940 .980 WwW WW WW go G9 G9 69 69 = 09 GD GO G9 OO 6. 421 452 484 .515 547 .579 .611 644 676 . 709 742 - 776 .809 .876 .910 945 .979 . 014 049 084 .119 154 190 . 226 - 262 . 298 334 371 . 408 A445 .482 .519 557 .595 .633 .671 709 748 787 826 865 .905 944 .984 ~ WW WW WWW WWM WWW WWD o9 69 G9 69 2. OD GO 69 09 69 oo ¢9 69 69 09 =O 09 G9 09 69 7. 424 455 487 .519 .550 .582 .615 647 . 680 713 746 779 812 . 846 .880 .914 . 948 - 983 017 052 . 087 . 122 .158 193 229 265 .301 .338 375 411 448 . 486 .523 .561 .599 .637 .675 713 752 .791 .830 .869 .909 .948 .988 8. A427 .459 .490 522 554 .586 .618 650 . 683 716 749 . 782 .816 . 849 .883 WW www WWW WD 917 . 952 . 986 .021 056 .091 . 126 -161 197 233 O89 G9 69 69 G9 = 69 09 ~H WW . 269 .305 . 342 378 415 452 .489 527 .565 . 602 o9 09 69 09 09 = OD 69 09 09 09 .640 wo 69 09 69 = G9: CD GO GO 69 I ive} Or go 09 09 69 GO = OD 09 09 69 09 (43 F) 9. .430 462 493 525 557 . 589 621 654 . 686 .719 752 786 .819 .853 .887 .921 .955 .989 . 024 059 . 094 .129 .165 201 236 272 309 345 . 382 419 .456 .493 .531 .568 . 606 644 . 683 721 - 760 799 .838 877 .916 .956 . 996 N 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 oe Bo Sara weeps ie se Era