iin PHENOLOGICAL NOTES AT THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, FOR 1892 AND 1893. BY J. C. WHITTEN. During the last two years phenological observations have been made upon various plants in the arboretum. The notes on herbaceous plants and such woody plants as grow in the bog, were made in 1892 by Thomas Doss. His notes for 1893, on the same plants, were unfortunately lost. Notes upon the other woody plants were made in 1892 by F. W. Dewart and in 1893 by the writer, whom the Director of the Garden has requested to prepare these notes for publication. Students of natural history have, from time to time, published observations upon the date of leafing, flowering and fruiting of plants, have cited the relation of climate to plant growth, and touched upon the importance of this study to the practical cultivator. Among American publi- cations upon the subject may be mentioned those by Britton, in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, vi, 211 and 235; Henry, in the Report of the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin, 1891, p. 35; Trelease, in the Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin for 1883, p. 56, 1884, p. 59; Halsted, in lowa Agricultural College Bulletin, 1886, p. 43; and Pammel in Bulletin of the Torrey Botan- ical Club, xix, 375. An article on ‘the philosophy of the flower seasons,’’ by Henry L. Clarke, appeared in The American Naturalist of September, 1893. These observations are of value from several stand-points. The time of leafing, flowering and fruiting of a species (123) 124 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. largely governs its position and importance in planting. In selecting specimens it is desirable to know the date that each blooms, so that the different species of the collection, flowering at different times, may represent the longest pos- sible period of bloom. Very early bloomers like Forsythia, autumn flowering sorts, like Witch Hazel and all those that flower when there is little else to gladden the eye, are always sought. For landscape effect, the time of leafing and fruiting is of equal importance. The Virginia Creeper, while it is an excellent summer cover, is perhaps most appreciated for a short time in autumn, when it assumes that crimson tinge, quite in keeping with the season, after many of the deciduous sorts have shed their leaves. The fact that some sorts carry their fruit into the winter months adds much to their value and helps to determine their relative positions in a planting. The ripening rose hips, turning from green to golden, red and brown, the fruits of Euony- mus or Burning Bush, the Christmas Holly, with its bright red berries, rich foliage and rugged twigs, each have a winter beauty that is best brought out after a careful study of their phenological characteristics. The different stages of the season’s growth of trees and shrubs indicate to the meteorologist conditions of tempera- ture that cannot be definitely arrived at by any mechanical method. While the thermometer may register the actual temperature of the atmosphere or soil at any given time, it does not, by any means, measure the sum total of heat that has been received, during a given period, as does a certain stage in the development of buds or leaves. This fact is taken advantage of by the cultivator. In planting for a succession of vegetables, for example, a difference of four weeks, in sowing the seed, may result in a difference of only one or two weeks in maturing the plants for the table. The time to plant, then, may be indicated by the rapidity of growth of trees and shrubs. The phenological characteristics of plants also aid in PHENOLOGICAL NOTES. 125 determining species. Most species of the wild grape, for example, have periods of flowering that are relatively quite definite. This is an aid to the botanist in classifying specimens that are otherwise variable. In the following tables the herbaceous and woody plants are listed separately for more convenient reference to each class. The nomenclature of North American species con- forms to Patterson’s Check List of North American Plants, which is easily accessible, while its nomenclature is universally known. To facilitate comparison with the phenology of plants in Europe, an asterisk is placed after species included in the list of the Royal Meteorological Society of Great Britain,* and a dagger is placed after species included in the list of the Botanischer Verein der Provinz Branden- burg.t In the notes on woody plants, (1) indicates that at the time of writing (Jan. 25, 1894) the leaves have not entirely fallen, and (2) indicates that some fruit remains on the plant through the winter. * Cf. list of Rev. T. 8. Preston, 1883, etc. { Magnus, Tabellarische Zusammenstellung phaenologischer Beo- bachtungen, 1893. ; 126 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892. First First First Last Last Last NAME OF PLANT. | eat. | Flower. ae Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Actaea alba......../ Apr.23| Apr. 2] July 12 | May 16 | Aug.13| Oct. 5 “« spicata, var. rubra| ‘* 21| May 16| May 22|June20|July18/ “ 30 Ageratum Mexicanum| May 10 | Aug. 25| Sept. 2 | Sept. 2 “11 Agropyrum dasystachyum| “ 26 |June10/June20|June29|} “ 12] “ 23 Alisma Plantago...| “ 23 | July 20] Aug. 1 | Aug. 29|Sept.17| Nov. 6 Allium reticulatum.| “* 17 |June11| June 22| June 30|July 7|July 30 « cernuum .../ June 7 | July 21|Aug.12| Aug. 3 | Aug. 20| Sept. 17 « platycaule..| May 1;May 6] May 29] June 1| June 9| Aug. 23 . Amianthium . Muscaetoxicum 28\Junel5| “ 19/}July 20, Sept. 29 Ambrosia trifida...| * 2/Aug.24/ Aug.31! Sept. 7!Sept.18| “ - 29 Anemone acuta....} “ 10] Apr. .2| May 15|May 2|May 26] Oct. 25 “¢ dichoctoma May 27 | July 10 | June 29| Sept. 9; “* 17 «¢ Hepatica..| “ 12] Apr. 4|May18|May 3|May 27] « 1 « Virginiana.| June 2 | June 22| July 11|July 13|Aug.11] “ 13 Anemonella thalictroides| May 3) Apr. 18] May 2 | May 16 | May 27 | Sept. 11 Angelica atropurpurea| “ 16|June23/July 11|July19|Aug.30| “ 15 Antennaria plantaginifolia| June 18} July 24) “ 31]Aug.14] “ 14/0ct. 2 Aquilegia caerulea.| May 8|May15| June 7| June 4] July 5 Canadensis} ** 6{| Apr. 27 «4; & 26) “© BT 19 «¢ formosa ..| “ 7{ May 14 9} © 12] © 2] Nov. 28 Aralia nudicaulis..} “ 10] “ 16]May30{/ “ 13] “ 17] Oct. 2 << quinguefolia} “ 15/June16/June29] “ 26] “ 9) Aug. 15 «racemosa...|Apr.23] “ 18] “ 29|July 9} “ 23] Oct. 15 Arenaria Michauxii] May 10 | May 25} “* 15)June24| “ 29] Sept. 28 BY stricta ...|Apr.23] “ 24] “© 13] “ 21] “ 23] Oct. 9 Arisaema triphyllum Apr. 29 | June10| June 7 | July 2/)Aug. 29 Asarum arifolium..| May 1/May 6| “ 2|May19] “ 18] Nov. 30 ««Canadense.| “ 1) “ 5|May25| “ 15|June7{| “ 15 Asclepias incarnata| “ 30] June 24! July 26 | July 28 | Aug.18| Oct. 27 «« quadrifoliaj) ‘ 12 | May 28/June 2 | June19|June19| Aug. 19 “ tuberosa...| “ 10} July11] July 19 | Aug. 14] Aug. 30 Bidens : chrysanthemoides| June 5} June27/ “ 7|July16| July 29 | Sept. 26 Blephilia ciliata ...{|May 17] “ 15|Jume23/ “ 8] “ 18] Oct. 5 Boehmeria cylindrica] June 1] July 15 | Aug.10|Aug.19| Sept.1} “ 29 Bouteloua racemosa} “ 11] June25j July 1! July 20/Aug.19| Nov. 9 Brachyelytrum aristatum, var. Engelmanni! “ 7! “ 251 «& 417! © 30) “ 251 «© 7 PHENOLOGICAL NOTES. HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. 127 ‘ First First | First Last Last Last NAME OF PLANT. | Teaf, | Flower. atin Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Brasenia peltata...| Apr. 25 Brevoortia coccinea] May 15 | June 6 | June16| June 14 | June 27 Brodiaea capitata..) “ 20; “ 9] “ 17[ “ 19] “ 29 “ congesta...| “ 14) “ 6) © 19) “ 19] “ 30] July 25 “¢ grandiflora] June12] “ 23) “ 27/July 5|July 9) “ 16 “ ~Howellii..| May 12) May 3 May 14 May 5 «¢ ixioides...| “ 1/June 8} “ 20 |June15|June 30 | July 25 « multiflora.) “ 12] “ 1) “ 30] © 12) July24] “ 18 Bromus secalinus.. May 23] “ 19) “ 14] “ 18/Nov. 9 Brunella vulgaris..;| “ 11) June14| July 2 | Aug.10] Aug. 30! Oct. 3 Cacalia tuberosa...| “ 7] “ 25) “ 29)July9 «20 | Sept. 17 Calandrinia compressa.-| “ 20} “ 1/|June20/June15| July 2| July 16 ‘¢ procumbens| “ 18) “ 1| © 17) “ 11/June29} “ 11 Calla palustris.....| “ 2|/May 4} “ 23} “ 20) July 18] Aug. 13 Callirrhoe involucrata| June 1|June18| “ 26]July 8} ‘“* 20] Oct. 26 Calochortus caeruleus.| May 13 | May 19 | May 25 | May 30/ “ 9]/July 8 “« lilacinus..| “ 18] “ 25|June 3|June 8! “ 11] Aug. 15 “ pulchellus| “ 15{| “ 25] “ 15) “% 2) & @) «& g Caltha palustris*..{ “‘ 10] Apr.14} May 18 | May 27} June 2| July 16 Calypso borealis...| “ 4] “ 29 Cee June 16 Camassia esculenta} ‘“ 1|May 7| “ 16] “ 20] May 30|Aug. 19 Cannabis sativa....| “ 2] ‘ 16jJune28 |} June 9] Sept. 2 | Oct. 29 Carex grisea....... “w B] 6 18) 6 24) 6B) Aug. 29] Dec. 7 “« plantaginea.| ‘¢ 11) “ 20] “ 5/ “ 2)June 80] Nov. 29 «¢ Shortiana...) “ 10] “ 14) May 24 | May 28; July25/ “ 19 “ tribuloides, var. cristata} “ 12] “ 18|June16|Junel0} “ 20) Dec. 6 Caulophyllum thalictroides] Apr. 23 Chamaelirium Carolinianum| ‘ 27 Chenopodium opulifolium} May12] “ 15] “ 2] * 29] “ 8] July 20 ChionodoxaLuciliae] “ 3 | Apr. 9| May 14| May 19 Cimicifuga ; racemosa| “ 4 Claytonia Caroliniana; “ 1] Apr. 4| May 2|May14|} “ 9] Aug. 10 “parviflora .| “ 12| May 26}. June 9|June29|July 2] Oct. 27 “ Virginiana| ‘ 2/Apr.18|May11]May 9] May 18| July 11 Clintonia borealis..| “ 1|May 3; ‘* 19|Junel1l | June 23} Sept. 20 Conioselinum Canadense] “ 15) “ .24}June22] “ 14]/Aug.11]/ Oct. 27 Crepis intermedia..| June 4 | June22|Aug.10| July 19|Sept.6) “ 1 Cynoglossum officinale| May 10 | May 18 | June 3 |Aug.10 | Sept. 3| Oct. 15 Cypripedium acaule) “ 2) “ 65] May 31} May 21 Aug. 19 “ arietinum] Apr.25| “ 38; “ 12] “ 14]May18] “ 27 “ candidum 128 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. First First | First 5 Last Last Last NAME OF PLANT. |! beat. | Flower. wipe Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Tuit. Cypripedium . « pubescens| Apr. 25| May 2] May 12 | May 17 | May 30 | Aug. 30 ‘¢ ‘spectabile] May 12| “ 20] “ 28]June 7|June20) “ 29 Darlingtonia , ’ Californica| July 2] “ 6|June21|Junel0| July 2| Oct. 14 Datura inermis....| May 18 | June 10| Aug. 8| July 7} Aug. 30) Sept. 26 Decodon : verticillatus| “ 12)Aug.20|] ‘* 81] Sept.12.| Sept.12| Nov. 3 Delphinium tricorne| “* 1{|May 2/June 2| May 25 | June18| June 28 Dentaria laciniata../) Apr. 9] “© 22}May 1] “ 380! ‘ 37] Sept.12 Diclytra cucullaria.| May 4] Apr.21| “ 6] “ 1/May 6/June 4 “ eximia ...{| “ 16] ‘* 27]June 1] Oct. 6 | Oct. 27} Nov. 19 “ formosa..| “ 1|May 2} “ 1/|Sept.29) “ 9 Dodecatheon ellipticum.| Apr.20} “ 7] “ 8] May 21) July 14} Aug. 12 “© Hendersoni] “ 22] “ 8] “ 12] “ 18) “ 18} “ 9 “ Meadia....} ** 20) “ 5] “ 15] “% Bl} “ BY] 1 Epigaea repens....| May 3/{ Apr. 23 “ 15] Junel7| Nov. 9 Epilobium alpinum] June 1|/June 8} “ 14|/Junel17} “ 29] July 17 “ alsinaefolium| May 16] “ 15] ‘* 23] ‘* 30] July 13) Aug. 16 Erodium Stephanianum| “ 13|May17} “ 19|May28| “ 21) Sept. 9 Erythronium grandiflorum| “ 2j|Apr. 1 Apr. 16 Eupatorium : ageratoides.| “ 18| Aug. 26} Sept.12| Sept.30] Oct. 9 | Oct. 22 “ sessilifolium| “ 13] “ 25; “ 11 Euphorbiacorollata| ‘ 15 “ Darlingtonii| Apr. 24 | May 12 June 29| July 6|Nov. 7 Fagopyrum Tataricum| May 12] “ 23|June 7] “ 19] “ 18] Oct. 17 Fragaria vescaf..-.| “ Ll] “ 4 May 19 June 5 Fritillaria parviflora; “ 1] “ 3 “ 13 May 18 ce pudica...} “ 1] Apr. 1 Apr. 15 fe 15 Gentiana Andrewsii] ‘‘ 26) Aug.30 | Sept.20! Sept.20| Oct. 9) Oct. 28 ec linearis..| ‘ 26] Sept. 5 “© 20 “28 Goodyera repens...| ‘* 18] July 6|July 13] Aug. 4] Aug.il} “ 29 Habenaria dilatata.| Apr. 25 | May 30 | May 29 | June12| July 30 | Aug. 20 “« hyperborea} “ 25] ‘ 20|June 5] “ 10] “ 1/)Sept. 1 ‘« psycodes..| “ 25|June17| “ 29|July11} “ 27] Aug. 30 Helianthemum grandifiorum] June 5} July 9 Aug. 5 Hibiscus militaris..| May 18 | Aug. 4 | Aug. 18} Aug.17j Sept 30) Oct. 27 ‘¢ Moscheutos} “ 18|July12|July 22} ‘ 16} Aug.31| Sept.15 Hieraceum aurantiacum| ‘* 13] Aug. 5| Aug.16] “ 15)Sept.12] “ 17 Houstonia caerulea} ‘‘ 18] Apr.18|May 9] June 8|June20/ ‘‘ 27 Hydrophyllum Canadense} “ 6] June 9|June27| * 20] July 12 | Nov. 13 « Virginianum May 15| “ 7] May 27! June29!} Dec. 2 PHENOLOGICAL NOTES. ’ HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. 129 NAME OF PLANT. First Leaf. First Flower.| First Ripe Fruit. Last Flower. Last Fruit. Last Leaf. Hymenocallis occidentalis Hypericum Ascyron “ perforatum Hypoxis erecta.... Tberis Pruiti....... Iris cristata..... “ hexagona, Jeffersonia diphylls Jussiaea repens... Lilium Canadense.. “ « var. flavum... “ « Carolinianum sé «¢ Humboldtii.. “¢ « pardalinum.. 6c 66 parvum... .. “ « superbum ... sé 66 Washingto- nianum Lithospermum canescens Lobelia syphilitica. Lophanthus nepetoides Lupinus perennis.. Melilotus alba...... Mertensia Virginica Mesembryanthe- mum pinnatifidum Mimulus ringens.. Mitella diphylla .. Monarda didyma... Muhlenbergia Mexicana Nepeta Glechoma*. Nymphaea odorata. « «var. minor Oakesia sessilifolia Oenothera biennis.. Orchis spectabilis. . Osmorrhiza Claytonii Oxalis stricta...... “ Suksdorfii... sé violacea.... Panicum latifolium, Papaver Alpinum.. Penstemon laevigatus «ovatus... May 12: Phlox divaricata... May 18 Apr. 26. May 30 cc 3 June 14 May 1 Apr. 10 May 15. Apr. 25 June 2 ll “ce Q5. “ 9 “ 10 “ 18 oooFUL “12 iT9 12 “cc 23 “42 ¢ 12 “610 oe 12 “ 20 -| Apr. 23 -|May 8 June 4 “ce 16 May 2 ‘Apr. 23 May 1 Apr. 27 June 2 May 3 May 4 6c 13 “165 cs 3 “ 20 June 16 “ce 1 May 20 “ce 1 June 18 ce 30 “25, May 6 July 18 May 6 “94 June 27 July 11 oe 6 Aug. 18 June 29 July 2 June 2 July 14 June 17 May 23 Aug. 8 6 AT May 18 June 16 Apr. 18 June 1 oe 24 Apr. 29 June 30 “ 95 May 3 June 17 July 6 May 3 July 28 May 6 May 13 June 8 6c 8 ce 22 cc 2 ce 24 “ce 22 July 11 May 6 9 15] June 19 Aug. 12 June 26 cc 1l Sept. 2 June 3 July 18 May 11 June 15 July 7 May 12 July 15 ce 5 May 20 July 1 it] 9 June 25 Aug. 5 May 16 June 29 July 20 “17 “ 24 “ 15 June 1 June 22 duly 29 Aug. 27 | July 12 6“ 18 June 15 July 23 June 28 “ 8i Aug. 29 “ce 81 May 30 July 7 May 7 June 13 July 18 May 14 duly 19 Aug. 29 June 15 Aug. 29 66 31 May 10 Sept.28 May 26 May 23 Aug. 12 “20 June 21 duly 24 “18 “ 28 May 21 July 28 Aug. ll 16 ce 19 ce 16 June 5 “ee Q7 Aug. 30 “ 99 “16 Sept. 9 Aug. 2 “ce 9 July 29 Aug. 28 July 8 “© 99 Oct. 10 an | June 30 Aug. 10 May 20 June 25 Aug. 3 May 25 Aug. 17 ce 11 July 12 Sept.13 “41 July 5 Oct. 9 May 31 July 9 Aug. 2 Sept.14 Aug. 14 July 26 Aug. 12 15 June 20 Oct. Nov. Oct. 3 5 11 Sept. 20 Aug. Sept. oe Nov. Oct. 29 29 11 4 21 Aug. 28 “ Oct. Aug. cc Oct. Sept. July Sept. Oct. ce 30 1 29 27 5 2 7 5 30 5 Sept. 7 Oct. May Aug. Oct. June Oct. Nov. Oct. ce ce 6c Nov. July Oct. Aug. Oct. Nov. Aug. Nov. be ce 29 31 7 7 11 26 14 14 29 15 20 1 30 28 19 12 20 15 9 15 17 130 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. NAME OF PLANT. First Leaf. First Flower. First Ripe Fruit. Last Flower. Last Fruit. Last Leaf. Phlox pilosa....... Phryma Leptostachya Phytolacca decandra Pimpinella integerrima Pinguicula vulgaris Plantago lanceolata* Poa compressa... Polemonium caeruleum <¢_reptans... Polygonum Pennsylvanicum Polymnia Canadensis Pontederia cordata. Portulaca rostellata Potentilla argentea Primula Mistassinica Ranunculus acris*. ae sceleratus Rhexia Virginica... Ruellia ciliosa..... Rumex Acetosa.... “ altissimus.... “ crispus....... “ dentatus..... * bucephalo- phorus “ glomeratus... ‘¢ hastatulus.... “ occidentalis... “ persicarioides ‘€ yOSeUS...-... “ salicifolius ... Saponaria officinalis at Vaccaria. Sanguinaria Canadensis Sarracenia flava ... a purpurea & rubra...- Saxifraga Virginiensis Scirpus lineatus... Scorpiurus vermiculata, May 7 6c 80 ec oy 1 ce ce 13 «98 ce 15 June 23 May 16 June 12 May 9 “ce 17 Apr. 23 May 12 “10 May 15 July 2 June 24 May 3 cc 41 June 15 ce 8 May 2 cc 3 ce 25 June 30 July 12 June 24 May 30 Apr. 29 May 15 July 11 June 4 July 23 June 2 ce 5 May 21 July 13 June 18 May 26 June 6 July 27 ce 21 Aug. 10 July 3 June 14 May 27 July 1 (3 16 Aug. 6 ae 19 June 17 May 30 July 16 June 27 ce 7 c 10 Aug. 4 May 18 July 31 June 19 “ec 2 June 20 July 12 ce 5 May 10 June 30 May 16 June 12 Aug. 1 “24 June 1 May 29 July 3 June 30 May 18 ce 26 31 Aug. 2 cc 11 July 22 June 20 May 18 July 15 [<3 24 Aug. 26 “ce 14 June 19 ee 12 ce 10 6 19 ce 13 cc 13 Aug. 20 May 29 Aug. 16 June 12 © 10 Aug. 1 June 29 Apr. 20 May 20 June 12 “19 May 10 June 13 May 30 July 6 Aug. 19 June 29 ce 24 Aug. 12 July 19 June 9 “ 28 Sept.29 Aug. 29 Sept. 7 Aug. 13 July 8 June 24 Aug. 30 6c 12 ce 80 Sept.18 July 5 June 29 Aug. 20 July 21 Aug. 12 July 20 Aug. 31 June 29 Aug. 25 July 5 June 28 Aug. 16 July 13 June 12 July 4 ce 11 May 30 Nov. 29 Oct. 1 Sept. 28 July 2 Gct. 27 ae Bg Sept. 25 Oct. 17 ce 380 ee 122 Sept. 26 Aug. 16 Sept. 1 Nov. 29 Aug. 27 Sept. 15 Nov. 138 cc 8 Sept. 27 cc 9 Oct. 29 Sept. 17 Oct. 2 Aug. 10 Sept. 28 Oct. 17 July 18 Oct. 2 Nov. 3 July 13 Aug. 5 Dec. 2 Aug. 17 Oct. 29 ‘Sept. 17 HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. PHENOLOGICAL NOTES. 131 - 5 First First First : Last Last Last NAME OF PLANT. | Teag, | Flower. ae Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Scutellaria canescens| June 7 | July 19 | July 30 | Aug. 20} Aug. 26) Oct. 27 « ° versicolor} May 12} June21| “ 12|/July16| “ 30| *“ 6 Sedum Nevii......} “ 5] “ 12} Junel7| June 2} July 13 Silene Pennsylvanica| Apr.20| May 2| May 23} May 20| June 2} “ 30 “© Virginica.....} “ 20) “ 9] “ 19] “ 25) May 3l| “ 26 Sisyrinchium anceps| May 18} “ 25] June 8 Smilacina amplexicaulis Apr. 5 Apr. 10 Aug. 17 “ yacemosa....| Apr.20| “ 4]May11|May 7 «29 “« stellata....- -| ‘© 23| May 4 “20 Oct. 31 Smilax glauca...... «99 “ hispida....} “ 29 Solea concolor.....- “« 23) June 1| July 2] July 29! Aug.20} Oct. 28 sorghum halepense| May 6 | Aug.11 | Aug. 29 | Aug. 30 } Oct. 12 | Nov. 13, . Steironema lanceolatum| “ 380j July 5| July 23 | July 19 | Aug.27 | Oct. 11 Streptopus amplexifolius| Apr.27| May 6} June20| May 18 | July 2| Sept. 6 SC TOSEUS »-eee. “ a7) “© 4)/May12|] “ 15) May 23 | Aug. 30 Symplocarpus foetidus| “ 23] Mar.22| Apr. 1 | Mar.28| Apr.12| Nov. 9 Thalictrum dioicum| May 6| Apr.21|May13|May 4| May 28| Oct. 29 “ polygamum| “ 7/|June16/ June26| July 12) Aug.20|} “ 20 Thaspium aureum..| “ 13] May25| “ 30|June14| June 2| Nov. 13 Trillium cernuum..| Apr. 27 : “ erectum.......| May 5] Apr. 4] May 26|May 2 June 8 “ erythrocarpum| “ 2|May 7j|July10| “ 20) Aug.13) Aug. 22 “ grandifiorum..! “ 2j|Apr.17|June20} “ 10|July 12) Oct. 1 ‘¢ recurvatum...| “ 8] “ 22|/May10|] “ 8] May18 “ pivale...ssceef “ 2) & 4 Apr. 9 May 23 “ gtylosum......; Apr.27| May 7 May 18 Sept. 11 Triosteum perfoliatum| May 11 | May 30 | June12| June 15| June 22) Oct. 13 Tripsacum dactyloides| June 7 | June 23) Aug. 19| July 18 | Sept.30] Nov. 21 Uvularia grandiflora] May 3] Apr.27| June 3} May 2/ July 6 | Sept. 20 ‘¢ perfoliata .} Apr. 29 Vancouveria hexandra| ‘‘ 23;May11|May19| “ 30/]Junel3} ‘“ 25 Veratrum Californicum) May 20 Verbesina helianthoides| ‘‘ 26 | June21| July 25 | July 24 | Aug.26 Veronica Virginica] “ 6|/July 5} “ 29] ‘ 31] ‘ 22) Nov. 20 Viola blanda ..... «| © 10] Apr. 23 | May 28 | May 17 | June 26 s¢ Canadensis..| Apr.18} May 1; “ 31! “ 25] Aug.11! Oct. 31 “ pedata......|]May 4] “ 8) “ 12] “ 28] June 4 “¢ yvar.bicolor] “ 8! 12]. % 19] “ 28 132 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 1892 — Concluded. é . First First | First 5 Last Last Last NAME OF PLANT. | Teag, | Flower. wine Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Viola pubescens... May 9/ June 23 Aug. 9 | Sept. 20 “ yostrata.....| May 2] Apr.28| ‘* 24 | May 15 | Sept.10 “ rotundifolia .| Apr.23| May 9] May 19 | June 29| July 13 | Aug. 30 “ striata......| May 12 { Apr. 23 | June 3| May 19 | June30| Nov. 14 Zizia aurea........ May 6) July 12 | June 15) Aug. 22 “ cordata......' “ 12! © 231 “ 17! “ 10) Sept.11' Oct. 29 WOODY PLANTS, 1892. i : First First First i Last Last Last NAME OF PLANT. | Teaf, | Flower. ae Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Acer dasycarpum..| Apr. 16 | Mar.10 | Apr. 27 “ platanoidest..| “ “ yubrum......| “ 18] * 381] “ 80 sé saccharinum.| “ 16] “ 10] “ 27 “ spicatum.....| ‘ 28 Aesculus flava.....| ‘* 22|May 2 “ glabra.......| ‘* 201 Apr. 29 “ Hippo- castanum*t| “ 24) May 12 ‘6 macrostachya| ‘* 20 | June 25 “ rubicunda...| “ 12) “ 12 Ailanthus -glandulosa! May 3] “ 26 Alnus viridis......| Apr. 25, Amelanchier oligocarpa] May 1] Apr.30| May 15] May 4] May 29 Aralia nudicaulis.. May 16 | May 30] June13| July 17| Oct. 2 Aristolochia Serpentaria} May ** Sipho. “ Betula lutea....... Catalpa bignonioides} ‘‘ 4 |Junel5 Cercis Canadensis..| ‘© 11] Apr. 24 Cladrastis tinctoria} Apr. 19 Clematis Fremonti.| May 7 « Virginiana| “ 8 Cornus sericea.....} Apr. 23 Dirca palustris....| May 5] Apr. 15 May 1 Aug. 10 Euonymus atropurpureus| Apr. 25 Gymnocladus Canadensis} May 5 Hydrangea arborescens| Apr. 25 | June19! June 30| July 27 | July 27| Nov. 8 PHENOLOGICAL NOTES. WOODY PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. 133 First | First First Last Last REDE OM ELAS Tesi. Flower: me .Flower.| Fruit. Tlex verticillata....| Apr. 29 Lindera Benzoin...| ‘ 25 Magnolia ! acuminata..| May 20| May 7 «¢ conspicua..| Apr. 30| Apr. 4 | “ cordata....| May 2| May 7 « Lenne......| Apr. 30 | Apr. 17 ‘¢ macrophylla} ‘* 30 | May 28 “ purpurea...| ‘* 30] Apr.17 “© gpeciosa....|May 2] ‘ 22 “« stellata..... Apr.22| “ 4 “ tripetala...| “* 29] May 26 Menispermum ; b Canadense} “ 26| June16|July 5| July 20| Aug. 9 Myrica Gale. -~...| “ 25) “% 12] “- 2) “ 7] July 30 Philadelphus Lewisii| May 12 Physocarpus opulifolius} Apr. 25 Pinus Austriaca ...| May 12 | May 12 inopSeseeeee| “ LE & 10 ‘¢ resinosa....- “ my “© 10 “ yigida...... wif EE Qh] EE og “ sylvestrist..| “ Ir] “ 9 Populus alba...... Apr. 29 | Apr. 6 “ grandidentata Mar.30 “ monilifera...| 22] 31 “ nigra var. pyramidalis “31 Pyrus arbutifolia.. May 7| “ 15 May 30| Aug. 28 Rhamnus alnifolia.| “ 26}Junel6| “ 5/July20}; “ 9 Rhododendron Catawbiense] May 6| May 4 May 11 «maximum... “13 p the 21 Rhus aromatica....| Apr. 7| Apr.11]May12} ‘ 1j)June 2 ‘© glabra........|May 3] June 24 July 14 “ typhina......) “ 10 4 Ribes Cynosbati...| Apr. 26 “« Jacustre..... sé 9g. “ prostratum..| May 2| May 6/| June 7 | May 10} July 22 << yubrumt....| Apr. 25 Robinia hispida....| May 2) “ 16 “¢ Pseudacaciat| Apr.28} ‘ 13. « viscosa......|May 4] “ 18 ; Rosa blanda.......| Apr. 25] ‘“ 24] Aug.29| June 7 | Sept.19 “6 pisocarpa....| “ 25 j “© setigera......| ‘¢ 23 Rubus occidentalis.|, “ 80} “ 26|July 1) “ 2) July 18 “ strigosus.... “ 17|Junell| “ 2) “ 16 Salix balsamifera..| “ 25;} “ 19]May30| “ 3) Junel6 “ candida......| “ 26] “ 80,June 7| ‘ 23] July 12 « myrtilloides..] May 5!Apr.19! May 18! May 12' May 2 _ Last Leaf. Oct. 27 Nov. 3 i | Oct. 27 Nov. 10 Sept. 12 Oct. 4 “ ll 6c 29 Nov. 5 Oct. 2 134 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, WOODY PLANTS, 1892 — Continued. s First | First ae Last | Last | Last NAME OF PLANT. | Leaf. | Flower.| yy, | Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Sambucus Canadensis} May 5 June 7 | Aug.17| June 30| Sept.22 | Nov. 22 “«racemosa.-| “ 10] Apr.27|May 9|May 7/| May 20] Oct. 19 Spiraea salicifolia..] Apr. 25 | June 22| July 1| July 7| July 29| Nov. 1 « tomentosa.; “ 5/|July 9) “ 19] Aug. 6/ Aug.17 Staphylea trifolia..| “‘ 20) Apr. 30) May 14 | May 15|Jume 3| Sept. 4 Syringa vulgaris* ¢| Mar.29 | “ 27 Tilia Americana....} Apr. 22 | June 18| June 24 “ argentea.....| “ 30] “ 25] July 1 ‘¢ heterophylia..| May 2} “ 20/ June27 “ ulmifolia.....[| “ 4] “ 28) July 4 « vulgaris......| ‘© 2) “ 18} Junel7 Ulmus Americana..| Apr. 25 | Mar. 29] Apr.18 «« campestris..] May 2] Apr. 6] May 4 Vaccinium uliginosum] Apr. 29 Viburnum acerifolium| ‘ 28 “ dentatum..| “ 29 “ lantanoides| “ 26] May 3] June18| June 28) July 9| Nov. 11 « Lentago..-| “ 26 “ opulifolium}| “ 25 “ paucifiorum!l “ 29 WOODY PLANTS, 1893. Z ; First First First A Last Last Last NAMM OF EuANG: Leaf. | Flower. ae Flower.| Fruit. | Leaf. Acer dasycarpum..| Apr. 6| Mar. 5| May 2] Mar.18}May13!Nov. 9 “ platanoidest . Apr. 5 | Sept.21| Apr.15] Oct. 14) “ 18 “ yubrum......| ** 12] Mar. 31 se 5 Se 18. *¢ saccharinum..| “ 17 «18 Aesculus glabra.... Apr. 18 | Oct. 14] May 5] Oct. 22 | Oct. 30 “ Hippocas- tanum*}| “ 12} May 12/Sept.28| “ 22} “ 14] Nov. 16 “ macrostachya June 24 July 17 “15 “ rubicunda... May 1; “ 21]/June17} “ 14] « 9 Ampelopsis quinquefolia} “ 8! July 9} “ 14/July20|Nov. 3] “ 12 Berberis vulgaris (1)} “ 5|May13 May 16 «15 Carpinus Betulus (1)t] ‘* 12] Apr. 12 Apr. 17 «24 Castanea vesca (1).| May 12 | June 24| Oct. 7| July 4] Oct.18) “ 15 Catalpa bignonioides} “ 15] “ 11} “ 24) “ 1 Oct. 31 Cornus florida..... Apr. 29! Sept.17! May 17! “ 14!'Nov, 15 PHENOLOGICAL NOTES. WOODY PLANTS, 1893 — Concluded. 135 First First | First ‘ Last Last Last ASM OU EEENES Seat: Flower. are Flower. | Fruit. | Leaf. uit. Euonymus atropurpureus| Apr. 10 | May 31 June 25 Nov. 15 Fraxinus Americanaj May 8 | Apr. 14 Apr. 17 « 9 “ excelsiort] “ 10] “ 14 «17 se 24 Ginkgo biloba (2)..| Apr. 13 Oct. 24 “15 Gleditschia triacanthos| ‘“‘ 28 | May 20 | Sept.26| May 28 ce. (a9) Gymnocladus Canadensis} ‘‘ 28 > |) Juglans cinerea....| May 3] .“ 27 June 31 “ nigra......| Apr. 4} “ 17] Oct. 7| May 22] Nov. 1] Oct. 30 Larix Europaea....| May 4 Nov. 20 Lonicera tatarica..{ “* 6] ‘§ 25 June 12 ee) 20 Negundo aceroides.| Mar.22 | Apr. 3 Apr. 8 a) Persica vulgaris....) Apr. 5| “ 5 6 15] Sept.25| “ 25 Populus alba......} “ 8 | Mar.28 “3 “ 13 ‘¢ monilifera.| “ 12) “ 81 ce 3 “13 “nigra var. pyramidalis} “ 12] “ 31 “ 9 “13 Prunus Cerasus....| “ 8] Apr. 8 “12 «¢ serotina,...|_ “ 6] May 11| July 24| May 16/ Aug.27} “ 13 Pyrus baccata...... Mar.24 | Apr. 12 Apr. 28 cc 24 “coronaria ... May 2] Sept.22| May 10] Oct.12) “ 18 “ Toensis...... Apr. 3] Apr.28; “ 24) “ 8] “ 18] “ 17 “ Malust...... oc 8} CU 12 Apr. 25 “20 Quercus alba (1)...) May 3} “ 21 “10 24 “© Robur (1). “ 1] May 1 “ 9O4 « rubra..... GO SB il 864 AB «15 Ribes rubrumf.....}| Apr. 2| Apr. 15 | June 22 Robinia hispida....| May 1]May13/ “ 5 “15 Robinia Pseudacaciat May 17 : Nov. 15 Syringa vulgaris*}.| Mar. 13/ Apr. 14 May 8 “18 Taxodium distichum| Apr. 12 «28 Tilia Americana...| ‘ 19 | June 22 June 25 Oct. 30 « vulgaris ..... « 12) “ 8 {ec1e “30 Viburnum Opulus..| “ 8&| May 3 May 21 Weigelia rosea(1)-| “ 10] “ 5 June 10 Nov. 24