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From the
CHIEF OF WEATHER BUREAU,

Washington, D. C.
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES

OF THE

TWO DAKOTAS,

ILLUSTRATED WITH ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THREE
TABLES, CHARTS, AND DIAGRAMS.

BY

JOHN PP. PUNLEY,

FIRST LIHULTHENANT, NINTH U.S. INFANTRY.

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1893.
A
Ag.ss\

[CoNCURRENT RESOLUTION.]

Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring therein), That 5,000 copies, comprising the necessary
text, tables, and charts, be printed of the paper entitled ‘“‘Certain Climatic Features of the two Dakotas,” being a
presentation of special information collected by the Weather Bureau for a long series of years as to temperature,
rainfall, winds, barometric pressures, evaporation, and atmospheric disturbances, which are believed to have
marked influence upon agricultural interests in the said States.

Sxc. 2. That 1,000 copies befor the use of the Senate, 2,000 copies for the use of the House of Representatives,
and 2,000 copies to be distributed by the Weather Bureau.

2
LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL.

 

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
Washington, D. C., April 16, 1892.

Str: I have the honor to, transmit herewith a paper entitled “Certain Climatic Features
of the Two Dakotas,” called for by joint resolution introduced by Mr. Pettigrew in the Senate
February 26, 1892.

Very respectfuily, your obedient servant,
“3 Epwin WILLITS,

Acting Secretary.

The PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
‘WEATHER BUREAU,
Washington, D. C., April 12, 1892.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of Lieut. John P. Finley on “Certain
Climatic Features of the two Dakotas,” the printing of which was authorized by concurrent reso-
lution of Congress February 26, 1892. :
Very respectfully,

e

MARK W. HARRINGTON,
Chief.
Hon. EDWIN WILLITS,
Acting Secretary.

U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
WEATHER BUREAU,
Washington, D. C., April 5, 1892.
Sim: In accordance with your verbal instructions I have the honor to transmit herewith the
manuscript of a brief special report on the climatology of the Dakotas, the publication of which
is provided for by a joint resolution of the Fifty-second Congress. In the time given me for the
preparation of this report I have attempted to accomplish the work with as much care and thor-
oughness as circumstances would permit.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Jno. P. FINLEY,
First Ineatenant, Ninth U. 8. Infantry.
Prof. M. W. HARRINGTON,
Chief of Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C.
CONTENTS.

 

Page
LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL...-....---2-----+- Ba dise Badia ae kadseasiecceaicie oh SRE AB Rie SoHE a pee e Eee wee eale 3
INTRODUCTION onc 02 connce soeEee Gx Sawa ove Ee awe eee et RRs seas weEw eee wer Medes aeieesewoes cee Seu eee ees 7
PHYSICAL FEATURES:
Areas of two Dakotas—River systems—Mountain ranges—Forest areas....--.-----. 2-22. econ eee eee 8
METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS:
Army medical officers the meteorological pioneers of the Northwest—Work of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution—Establishment of first station by Signal Service Bureau—Observations from 1854 to 1891. . 9
PRECIPITATION:
Amount and distribution of rainfall, direct or through instrumentality of irrigation—Long and shore
periods of observation—Marked local peculiarities—Important features revealed by study of accom-
PAaNVinG CHALvGs) ca:<tosisie wsawrismiamyas cecereaae ee aemen eieeMnt «sie ee eee weenie eeieeteeimamtek & 12
DrouGuHr: ‘ :
Definition—Degree of dryness to which plant life will submit without destruction—Evaporation and
, precipitation as related to drought—Effect of winds—Maximum periods without rain—Cycles of
excess and deficiency of precipitation—Effect of modifications of land surface—Testimony of resi-
dents in regard to decrease of rainfall during recent years—Prairie fires augment influence of
evaporation—Drought statistics extracted from Monthly Weather Review—The great drought of
18879), cc nsewceds seus swnteee ra tenes cee se etae ceewese we cecenn cos eevee bones sitesesecey smwameets 18
TEMPERATURE:
Relation to other meteorological eléments—Conclusions from study of average temperature and dis-
tinctive features of thermometric conditions. .......... 2-2-2. . 22s nee eee ee ee cee eee ee eee 30
CONCLUSIONS:
Brief statement of results drawn from the investigation of the climatology of North and South Dakota. 34
List OF APPENDICES, 1-158 ..... +... - Sib att ayartinin oisyavarkld th Geu erateie dw Sicreroue bu hanaveiniie wieraem cia Shneiers Subiala slain wiclmetoiec 37

5
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

By Joun P. FINLEy, First Lieutenant, Ninth U. S. Infantry.

 

INTRODUCTION,

In the preparation of this monograph exhaustive investigation and discussion are not
attempted, although an effort has been made, within the time at the disposal of the writer, to
examine all information immediately available at the central office of the Weather Bureau. The
analysis of the data has largely been made with the view of throwing some light upon the funda-
mental causes of the occurrence of drought on the Northern Plains.

Thé subject is an important one and worthy of prolonged study. In the preparation of a more
extended report, methods of observation should be carefully examined, results made comparable
with greater precision, and due weight given to all variations from an accepted standard of com-
parison aud verification. The data have been selected, arranged, and analyzed to broadly cover
the field of investigation, and suggest lines of comparative study and research to those who may
desire to pursue the subject specially, in certain directions.

Methods of treatment are explained and all the data enipluyed i in analysis and discussion are
given in some one of three forms, viz: tabulations, diagrams, and charts. The opportunity is
thus afforded to any student of making other, more varied, and more exhaustive applications of
the fundamental values, as circumstances may suggest. A more complete analysis of the data
would have been interesting and valuable, especially abnormal peculiarities in precipitation, tem-
perature, and barometric pressure, on which some of the most important climatic features depend.
However, the work submitted fn this direction will, it is hoped, offer the means of extending
research in various lines of climatic investigation with profit.

' In the preparation of the base for all temperature and precipitation charts employed, only
such places appear as have been stations of observation for a month or more, from 1857 to 1891,
inclusive. Therefore every station upon the maps has some meteorological value attached to it,
the data from which appear in the tables wherever a satisfactory monthly value could be obtained.
Tn a few cases such values could not be secured, and consequently the tabulated list of stations
will not exactly coincide with the face of the charts. The base map is of particular value in show-
ing the distribution of points of observation over the territory under investigation, and to this
extent marking the weight to be given to certain sections as compared with the whole area. While
South Dakota has the greatest number of stations, their distribution is not altogether as satis-
factory as over North Dakota. The construction of two lines of railroads entirely across North
Dakota, from west to east, one over the southern and the other over the northern portion of the
State, has proved of great benefit in the establishment of weather reporting stations.

In South Dakota the lines of railway communication are confined to that portion of the State
east of the Missouri, except a short line running into the Black Hills from northwestern Nebraska,
The Sioux Indian Reservation has for many years interfered with the development of South Dakota
west of the Missouri, but the barrier is being gradually removed, and projected lines of communi-
cation will, before long, open up a vast country the climatology of which is as yet practically
unknown. If railroads are the pioneers of civilization and material prosperity, they are certainly
the means of acquiring those benefits in no small degree, through the opportunities afforded for

at
8 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

the establishment of reliable meteorological statistics, upon which to construct climatological
values of the utmost importance to agricultural and commercial interests.

On the whole, this monograph will present to the public the most complete, comprehensive,
and accurate collection of meteorological and climatological data ever published for the Dakotas.
In this connection it is important to note that the records include the year 1891, thus securing a
large amount of additional information, the accomplishment of which has entailed much labor.
Data are furnished from stations in the region adjacent to and immediately surrounding the
Dakotas, and comparisons are made with records from selected stations at more distant points, in
order that differences in climatic effect may be instructively observed. Certain agricultural values
are also presented in tabular form from careful computations made by Mr. J. R. Dodge, the
Statistician, of the Department of Agriculture. These records offer means of useful comparison
with climatological data.

The scope of the data collected in this report will afford opportunity for valuable study i in
connection with the subject of irrigation, and in other directions, which in the brief discussion
submitted can not receive more than a passing notice. It is intended that the value of this
monograph shall rest upon an accurate presentation of all available records, and also upon a
truthful and somewhat extended analysis of the data. The methods of examination and classifi-
cation are believed to be simple and practical, and itis expected that the information furnished
will be within reach of the agricultural and commercial classes. The actual records are submitted,
generally in detail and at their face value. If the method of treatment in any case does not appear
to meet the expectations or fancy of the casual reader, or the careful student, the opportunity is
afforded of applying his own ideas to the original values. In the discussion, effort is made to avoid
masking the truth by any tendency toward exaggeration or concealment. ;

Elaborate and involved methods of reasoning are not resorted to in support of preconceived
or doubtful theories. Deductions are given in brief form and reference is made to the source of
information with directness. Unfair comparisons have not been designed and undue advantage
is not purposely given to any one section over another. Under such circumstances no unjustifi-
able expectations can be aroused in the interest of any agricultural or-commercial developments.
Endeavor has been made to present the actual records and all that pertains to them in such a
manner that each section of the two States represented will stand on its own resources and be
judged accordingly. Indications will be set against certain records, but the reader will be able to
measure the accuracy and usefulness of the application.

PHYSICAL FEATURES.

The region under discussion in this report embraces over 150,000 square miles, an area about
five times as great as the whole of New England. Its northern limit is 49° north latitude, which
parallel forms the boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada west of the
ninety-fifth meridian. Its southern limit is marked by the forty-third parallel of north latitude
and its eastern and western limits by the meridians of 96° 20’ and 104° west from Greenwich.
Its extreme length from north to south is about 430 miles and the width from east to west is
about 350 miles. The entire region is divided into two irregular portions hy the course of the
Missouri, from northwest to southeast, and much the larger part of the two States is drained by
this great river, which has a length within their boundaries of about 1,300 miles, when its tortuous
course is entirely considered. The Red River of the North forms the dividing line between North
Dakota and Minnesota and has a very devious course of about 600 miles before entering into Lake
Winnipeg, Manitoba. The valley of this river embraces an area of about 23,000 square miles,
about 8,000 of which are in North Dakota. The soil of this valley is very fertile and is said to
make the ‘finest wheat land in the world.”

The river systems of the Dakotas are very extensive and of considerable value to the agricul-
tural and commercial interests of the States. Within the valley of the James, or Dakota River,
the greatest artesian wells in the world have been found, the possibilities of which for the purposes
of irrigation are enormous. The extraordinary supply of motive power along the rapid descent
of the Big Sioux River furnishes opportunities for manufacturing and other industries of great
commercial value. The two Dakotas are estimated to have a water surface of about 1,500 square
     

      
 

 
 

 

 

   

 

  

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OERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 9

miles (about one one-hundredth of the entire territory), considering the rivers and the large num-
ber of small lakes, the latter being practically confined to the country east of the Missouri and
predominating in South Dakota. The largest, Devils Lake, about 400 square miles, lies in north-
east North Dakota. ,

The general contour of the whole territory is a vast undulating plain, sloping gradually from
west to east. The accompanying profile sketch shows approximately the characteristic contour
features of the two States.

There are two mountain regions in the territory, one in north-central North Dakota, called
the Turtle Mountain, covering an area of about 800 square miles and having an altitude varying
from 1,000 to about 1,500 feet above sea level. The other region, known as the Black Hills, lies in
southeast South Dakota, and embraces an area of about 3,500 square miles, with an elevation
‘varying from 3,000 to nearly 10,000 feet above sea level. In northeast South Dakota is an elevated
plateau or range of hills, known as Coteau des Prairies, which reach a maximum elevation of
about 2,000 feet above sea level. A similar range, but of larger extent, called the Coteau du Mis-
souri, extends along the river of that name, the banks of which, near the central portion of the
territory, are about 1,500 feet above sea level. In some places these hills have a width of 45 miles
and their general trend is from northwest to southeast, for a distance of several hundred miles.

They form very nearly the western limit of the area adapted to agricultural purposes in both
States, thongh the opportunity afforded for grazing has a considerably greater limit to the westward.
In the report of the United States Northern Boundary Commission, Capt. Twining states that:

The surface of the Coteau consists of an irregular collection of pointed hillocks, growing more and more
irregular in design and contour until they are merged in the Bad Lands. These Bad Lands, or ‘‘ mauvaises terres,”
as they are termed by the half-breeds, set at defiance all rules of topography, as well as all adequate description.
Lacking even the continnons lines of drainage on which the eye may rest and which give fori and system to an

ordinary terrain, they stretch in an endless aud tiresome succession of arid and treeless hills and ridges, a tumult-
uous expanse of baked mud.

The surface of the whole territory is greatly varied, but, with the exception of the Black Hills,
an outlying range of the Rocky Mountains, there are no important summits in the two Dakotas.
A very considerable portion of the country is composed of irregular plateaus of moderate eleva-
tion, scattered over which are numerous isolated buttes (peaks) having an elevation above the
plains of from 500 to 1,500 feet.

The topographical and geological surveys of the Dakotas are yet far too incomplete to fur-
nish data upon which to base more than a very general and rather imperfect description of
their physical characteristics. It is évident from the limited information now obtainable that
marked local peculiarities abound in spite of what appears to be a general sameness of surface.
Under such circumstances corresponding vagaries of climatic condition may be expected which
can only be satisfactorily known by the most extensive and thorough system of meteorological
observations, and by an accurate hydrographic survey of the two States.

The only considerable areas of forest are to be found in the two mountain regions above
deseribed. In the Black Hills there is estimated to be about 1,500 square miles of wooded
area. Along the river bottoms and about the lakes are occasionally heavy growths of timber.
The U. 8. Geological Survey in 1889 estimated the approximate area, in square miles, of timber
land in North Dakota (river bottoms) as 200; in South Dakota, 2,800 square miles, only 400 of
which embraced merchantable timber. The cultivation of forest trees began in both Dakotas
in 1884, in accordance with the observance of Arbor Day, and very satisfactory results have
followed this enterprise.

METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS.

Meteorological observations in the Dakotas do not cover the vast area in a satisfactory manner,
but this statement need not create surprise if the undeveloped condition of the country is fully
realized and its pecularities of topography are understood. Most of the work accomplished has
naturally been confined to the territory east of the Missouri and principally in South Dakota.

S. Bx, 157—_2
10 OERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

It is progressing quite rapidly with the mareh of civilization westward and the opening of new
lines of railway communication.

To the Medical Department of the Army must be accorded the credit of being the meteoro-
logical pioneers throughout the region of the great Northwest. The medical officers, at the
various military posts established in the Dakotas, began observations of temperature, rainfall,
wind direction, and state of weather in 1854, the first station being opened at Fort Pierre,
S. Dak., in January of that year. The next post was at Fort Randall, 8. Dak., the observations
beginning in November, 1856. At other posts meteorological records began as follows: Fort
Abercrombie, N. Dak., February, 1859; Yankton Indian Agency, 8. Dak., November, 1859; Fort
Berthold and Fort Buford, N. Dak., September, 1866; Fort Stevenson, N. Dak., August, 1867;
Fort Totten, N. Dak., August, 1869. This distribution of stations of observation excluded south-
west Dakota, where meteorological records did not commence until 1878, by the establishment of
a Signal Service station at Deadwood in January of that year, followed in July, 187 9, by observa-
tions at Fort Meade, in the Black Hills, a short distance east of Deadwood. Altogether seven
stations have been established in the Black Hills for various periods of time since January, 1878,
four of which are now in operation.

Following the initiatory work of the Medical Department of the Army came that of the
voluntary observer, through the instrumentality of the Smithsonian Institution. The first station
so established was at Yankton, S. Dak., in January, 1860; the next at Mouth Cherry, S. Dak.,
April, 1861. Other early stations opened as follows: Bon Homme, S. Dak., March, 1872; Fargo,
N. Dak., December, 1872; Morriston, S. Dak., February, 1875; Webster, S. Dak., June, 1882;
Richardton, N. Dak., February, 1884. Voluntary observers began their work at places convenient
to established lines of communication, but yet they were well advanced to the outposts of civil-
ization, and their work manifests a very creditable appreciation of the practical value of clima-
tological data.

The Signal Service Bureau was established by Congress in the early part of 1870 and in
November of that year a number of regular stations of observation were opened. This: Bureau
entered Dakota in 1872, establishing its first station at Fort Sully, S. Dak., on May 7 of that
year. The next at Pembina, N. Dak., November 1, 1872; Yankton,8. Dak., April 1,1873; Bismarck,
N. Dak., September, 15, 1874; Fort Buford, N. Dak., February, 1879.

From January, 1854, to December, 1891, metervlogical observations have been taken at 50
stations in North Dakota and 75 stations in South Dakota, a total of 125 stations in both States.

The length of records at these stations has varied from a month at a few points to 10 years at
Fort Yates and Fort Rice, N. Dak., and at Deadwood and Webster, 8S. Dak.; about 11 years at
Huron, 8. Dak.; 13 years at Fort Meade, S. Dak.; 15 years at Fort Stevenson, N. Dak.; 17 years
at Bisinarck and Fort Abercrombie, N. Dak.; 18 years at Fort Abraham Lincoln, N. Dak.; 19 years
at Yankton, 8. Dak.; 20 years at Fort Sisseton, 8. Dak., and Fort Pembina, N. Dak.; 21 years
at Fort Totten, N. Dak.; 23 years at Fort Sully, 8. Dak.; 26 years at Fort Buford, N. Dak.; and
35 years at Fort Randall, 8S. Dak. It will be seen that the average period over which observa.
tions have been taken is very nearly the same in both States, being about 18 years m North
Dakota and about 19 years in South Dakota. The maximum record of 35 years occurs in extreme
southeastern South Dakota. The next highest, 26 years, occurs in extreme northwestern North
Dakota—a rather singular comparison between the two States.

The hours of observation have been inost varied at Signal Service stations. From November 1,
1870, to December 31, 1884, observations were made at the following hours daily, Washington
time: 7, 7:35, and 11 a. m.; 12 noon; 3, 3:35, 4:35, 7,11,and 11:35 p.m. On January 1, 1885, time
was changed to the seventy-fifth meridian, eight minutes faster than Washington time. From
that date to June 30, 1888, the hours of observation were 7 and 11 a. m.; 3, 7,10, and11 p.m. On
July 1, 1888, the hours were changed and reduced to 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. Those now mentioned
formed the telegraphic series of observations. Observations at local tine were taken at 7 a. m.,
% and 9 p. m., from November 1, 1870, to July 1, 1881.

At voluntary stations the observations of temperature, wind direction, wind force (estimated), .
and cloudiness have been generally taken at 7 a. m., 2 ard 9p. m., local time. At some stations
OERTAIN CLIMATIO FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 11

the hours were shortened to two of the same name, usually 8 a. m. and 8 p. m., or 9 a.m. and 9 p.
m. The amount of precipitation was observed once daily, unless abnormally heavy, at the most
convenient hour.

At military posts the hours of observation were changed from 7 a. m., 2 and 9 p.m., in the
autumn of 1888, to 8 a. m. and 8 p. m., or to any two hours of the same name from 7 a. m. to 9 a. m.,
inclusive. At both voluntary and at military-post hospital stations observations have always been
taken at local time. The mean temperature from three observations has been. determined by
taking one-fourth of the sum of the 7 a. m., 2 p. m., and twice the 9p. m. The mean from
two observations of the same name has been obtained by taking one-half of their sum. These
rules apply to the local and two-hour observations of the same name at Signal Service and
Weather Bureau stations.

The means of pressure, temperature, humidity, and dew-point, computed from the synchronous
tridaily telegraphic observations, taken at Signal Service stations, at 7:35 a. m., 4:35 and 11:35
p- m., or 7 a. m., 3 and 11 p.m., or 7 a. m., 3 and 10 p. m., have been obtained by taking one-third
of the sum of the three observations. Precipitation was measured three times daily from Novem-
ber 1, 1870, to June 30, 1888, and thereafter twice daily at the telegraphic observations. At Cana-
dian stations the hours of observation have been the same, with corresponding changes, as the
tri-daily and twice-daily telegraphic observations at Signal Service and Weather Bureau stations.

From what has preceded it will be seen that the records of temperature and precipitation given
in Appendices Nos. 4 and 40 combine the work of three classes of observers, the most accurate
and systematic of which have been those of the Signal Service and Weather Bureau. The ,
observations vary, not only as to character of work performed, but as to methods pursued and as
to quality of instruments employed. Such results have been combined in monthly and annual
averages at those stations where it was necessary to do so in order to secure a continuous record
of the maximum period for which observations had been taken. This method gives less satisfactory
results for precipitation than for temperature. In order that comparison may be made with more
uniform observations, and perhaps more accurate and acceptable computations, in the case ot
temperature, three sets of monthly and annual temperature normals for different periods, of eight,
nine, and ten years each, prepared exclusively from Signal Service and Weather Bureau obser-
vations, are furnished in Appendices Nos. 42, 43, and 44. The results from combined records are
expected to vary, because of different causes, there being present in the determinations varying
hours of observation, different periods of time, quality of work, and quality and kind of instru-
ments employed. From a cursory examination it would seem that the longest record gives, gen-
erally, the best result in spite of the want of uniform methdéds of work. Comparison made with
the standard normal. values shows the pronounced effect from warm and cold periods, of few
years’ duration, or even one season, as occurred in the abnormally warm winter in 1891.

In the case of precipitation two sources of error appear in the records from voluntary observers
and military- post hospitals, but greater in the former than in the latter, viz: (1) imperfect
measurement of snowfall and its reduction to rain; (2) defective apparatus for the measurement of
rainfall and want of care in measuring and récanitine the amount collected in the gauge. The Signal
Service and Weather Bureau records are more uniform and more accurate in these respects than
those obtained from other sources. The degree of this accuracy can only be spoken of in a general
way and will doubtless vary with every station, being more at some and less at others. But,
aside from such a result, it must be conceded that the influence of locality and topography demand
the most careful sonatieonbian’ in applying any correction for supposed erroneous methods of work
jn the measurement of precipitation. It is well known that the distribution of rainfall is subject
to many and sometimes seemingly inexplicable variations, due to the conditions of exposure of
the collecting apparatus and to the peculiarities of local topography. This fact being conceded, it
becomes necessary to increase the number of stations of observation, as far as possible, and
accept all records, even though each and every one can not be subjected to the same standard
of criticism. In spite of the fact that other things may not be equal, the longer the record of pre-
cipitation the more satisfactory the monthly and average values become. In the case of isolated
records showing abnormal variations the data must become of considerable value.
12 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

In accordance with these views the precipitation records in Appendix No. 4 have been
combined from all sources at each station, in order to secure the maximum continuity of obser-
vations. The precipitations and temperature records in Appendices Nos. 4 and 40 have been
employed as the basis of construction of all charts of these elements, also diagrams, and in the
preparation of supplemental tables in extending the analysis of meteorological data.

PRECIPITATION.

An accurate knowledge of the rainfall of any considerable region of country is indispensable to
a satisfactory estimate of its productiveness. The fundamental source of material prosperity and
commercial supremacy in any country lies in the products of the soil, the development of which
depends upon the amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation, direct, or through the
instrumentality of irrigation. It is the most important element for discussion in this monograph,
aside from evaporation, and also the most difficult for thorough treatment. The immense area
embraced by the Dakotas, the limited number of stations of observation, and the lack of uniform’
and continuous methods of work at all places render the data submitted inadequate for a satis-
factory representation of the rainfall, especially west of the Missouri River.

Precipitation has received consideration in the preparation of twenty-nine charts, forty-two
diagrams, and nineteen tabulations, published in this monograph. The fundamental data for
classification and analytical study have been obtained from the records published in Appendix
No. 4. The cartographical representation of the monthly and annual average values has been
prepared without the usual employment of isometric lines. The thirteen charts here referred to
‘will be found in Appendices Nos. 27 to 39, inclusive. Recourse has been had to this rather
novel and perhaps doubtful method of representation because of the rather remarkable differ-
ences in isohyetal values, the small number of stations from which normal values could be
obtained, and the large scale of the charts. It is believed, however, that the plan adopted will
better serve to convey the truth than the employment of uncertain methods, of perhaps more
graphic illustration. The values for each station are entered in very large figures, to aid the eye
in locating them quickly and in making comparisons with surrounding stations. Peculiarities
‘are thus prominently set forth, and with a degree of accuracy that prohibits criticism and pre-
vents an unfair distribution of theoretical curves. Isolated stations are not neglected, and large
areas are not given a shading of supposititious value. By the methods pursued due weight is
given to stations of long and short records and consideration had for the influence of local topog-
raphy. The charts have entered upon them monthly and annual values of from three to thirty-
five years, and in the extremes, on “the average, from five to seventeen years, obtained from a
total of forty stations. The agreement between the longest records is, on the whole, better than
between the long and short ones, as might be expected; yet this disagreement is much less marked
from April to September, inclusive, than during the remainder of the year, from Qctober to March,
inclusive.

The hyetography of the Dakotas presents peculiar features of local divergence that seem
inexplicable from topographical influences alone. From a general view of the face of the country
one would expect to find a remarkable uniformity of precipitation expressed in the monthly aver-
age values of three years or more, and especially in the annual values. While the precipitation
records are a little more complete and of somewhat greater length than those of mean tempera-
ture, yet the corresponding increase in value is extremely small because of the much greater
length required for precipitation records in order to secure satisfactory normal values. The
advisability of charting three-year records of rainfall may be questioned; yet those of ten years
and over, aggregating twenty stations, were not sufficient in number, when properly distributed,
to cover the territory. Moreover, considerable differences were found among the long records,
and in some cases they were greater than those found to exist between the long and short records,
where reasonable comparison could be made. However, the averages show that the differences
between the short records in North Dakota in the winter months (dry season) are about 65 per cent,
greater than those existing between the long records, the mean difference being about one-third
of an inch. On the contrary, in South Dakota, the differences between the long records are about
10 per cent greater than between the short records, the mean difference being about one-tenth
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 13

of aninch. For the summer months (wet season) the average differences are about 45 per cent
greater for the short records in North Dakota, the mean difference being about seven-tenths of
an inch. In South Dakota the average differences for the short records are about 35 per cent
greater, the mean difference being about four-tenths of an inch.

Considering the long records by themselves the average differences in South Dakota during the
winter months (dry season) are about 70 per cent greater than exist in North Dakota, the mean
difference being about four-tenths of an inch. During the summer months (wet season) the
average differences in South Dakota are about 55 per cent greater than in North Dakota, the
mean difference being about 1.2 inches. ~

Considering the short records in similar periods it is found that the average differences in
South Dakota during the winter months (dry season) are about 35 per cent greater than those in
North Dakota, the mean difference being about half an inch. In the summer months (dry season)
the average differences in North Dakota are about 30 per cent greater than in South Dakota, the
mean difference being about 1.3 inches.

From these comparisons it is evident that the short records show considerable uniformity
although the observations were made for quite widely different years. It is important to state,
however, that most of the short records are confined to the period between 1887 and 1891. There is
also developed such a relation to the long records as to warrant the belief that the distribution of
rainfall over the Dakotas is subject to rather marked local peculiarities, which can only be fully
appreciated by largely extending the present system of rainfall observers. If the greater vari-
ations in rainfall in South Dakota, as disclosed by the records, are due in part to the greater
number of stations and the larger area covered, it is simply additional evidence in support of the
existence of decided local features. In this connection it is deemed advisable to invite particular
attention to the records at.Richardton, N. Dak., and Webster, S. Dak., the former covering a
period of nearly five years and the latter about ten years. The precipitation at both stations ap-
pears excessive and much at variance with surrounding points. It was first assumed that errors
were made in measuring and reducing the snowfall, but throughout the year the excess is main-
tained at both stations, although somewhat greater in winter than in summer. There has been
no change in observers and both have reported to the Weather Bureau that their observations
were properly made and recorded from standard instruments. These instruments were furnished
to the observers by the Signal-Service Bureau. Peculiarities are also manifested in the records
from Alexandria, Olivet, and Parkston, 8. Dak., and also at Fort Seward, N. Dak. At the large
majority of voluntary stations in both Dakotas standard Weather Bureau instruments have been
employed, which fact seems to justify the expectation of fairly reliable observations, as the in-
struments so furnished carry with them specially prepared instructions as to their use.

' Perhaps the most unsatisfactory work in rainfall observation arises from broken and incomplete
records, seriously interfering with the deterwination of reliable monthly and annual normal
values. The results met with in this respect have certainly been very unfortunate, and it is hoped
that in succeeding years the great importance of accurate and complete precipitation records may
be more fully appreciated by all classes of observers.

It is not to be assumed, however, that the rainfall records at Weather Bureau stations, whether
long or short, give a correct knowledge of the distribution of precipitation over any region simply
because of their greater accuracy. These regular stations are necessarily few in number in any
State and are not always located to the best advantage for representing the distribution of rainfall.
Moreover, their small number essentially prohibits such a result. The efforts of voluntary observ-
ers must be relied upon to support the work of the regular stations, which can never be considered
more than a nucleus of standard value around which the former may be gathered for comparative
study and the development of distinctive features. The records from regular stations are indis-
pensable to the study and forecasting of daily weather changes because the daily observations
are concentrated at suitable points for immediate consideration, through the aid of the electric
telegraph.

A further study of charts and tables reveals some important features, as follows:

1. The month of least precipitation is November, followed next in order by January.

2. The month of greatest precipitation is June, Pillawed next in order by May or July.
14 CERTAIN CLIMATIO FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

3. Precipitation increases from an average of about one-half inch in November to nearly 4
inches in June, the increase in South Dakota being about 5 per cent. greater than in North Dakota.

4, The mean annual precipitation in North Dakota varies from about 13 inches at Fort Buford
to about 26 inches at Richardton and 20 inches at Fort Pembina; the average for the whole State,
computed from 14 stations, being about 17 inches.

5. The mean annual precipitation in South Dakota varies from about 17 inches at Fort Sully to
over 28 inches at Deadwood and over 38 inches at Webster; the average for the whole State, com-
puted from 21 stations, being about 22 inches.

6. Aside from the rather doubtful record at Webster, S. Dak., the region of greatest precipita-
- tion, considering both States, is found in the Black Hills. This applies not only to the snowfall of
winter, but to the rainfall of spring and summer. In this connection it is important to bear in
mind that the Black Hills are the heaviest wooded region in either State.

7. The mean annual precipitation of the Red River Valley varies from about 15 inches at Fort
Rice, N. Dak., to 23 inches at Winnipeg, Manitoba, and 24 inches at Moorhead, Minn.; the average
computed from 6 long-record stations being about 20 inches.

8. The mean annual precipitation of extreme eastern South Dakota varies from about 16
inches at Brookings to about 22 inches at Fort Sisseton and 38 inches at Webster; the average
being about 25 inches.

9. The mean annual precipitation of the James River Valley varies from 15 inches at Fort
Seward, N. Dak., to about 26 inches at Olivet and Yankton and 27 inches at Morriston, 8. Dak.
The average commited from 8 stations is about 22 inches, the portion in North Dakota giving an
average of over 16 inches, while that in South Dakota rises to over 25 inches.

10. The mean annual precipitation of the Missouri River Valley varies from about 13 inches
at Fort Buford to over 20 inches at Fort Randall, the average for the whole valley, computed from
9 stations, being 17 inches. The portion in North Dakota has an average of 16 inches and that
in South Dakota over 18 inches.

11. The monthly and annual average precipitation from selected stations given in Appendix
No. 6 furnishes interesting and valuable’ comparisons with surrounding territory, having both
greater and less rainfall than occurs within the Dakotas. Itis evident that the region of least
rainfall between the forty-first and fifty-fifth parallels and west of the ninetieth meridian (annual
average about 9 to 13 inches) lies in northern Wyoming and eastern Montana. The Dakotas lie
to the eastward of this arid region and make the nearest approach to it in northwestern North
Dakota.

12. In Appendix No. 7 will be found the monthly and annual amounts and averages of snow-
fall at certain stations in the Dakotas. The records are not altogether satisfactory, owing to the
imperfect manner in which the measurements of unmelted snow have been made and the uncertainty
in separating this element from rainfall. Prior to 1885, at Signal Service stations, the snowfall was
not recorded separately and without reduction. The exceedingly small amount of snow is one of
the most striking features of the tabulation and reveals one of the unfavorable points in the clima-
tology of the Dakotas. The Black Hills show the largest amount of snowfall, as was also the case
with rainfall. The records appear to show that the snowfall is heaviest in South Dakota and
least in North Dakota.. It is also generally heavy in the Red River Valley and in extreme east-
ern South Dakota. As to the months of heaviest fall the maximum is reached in February in
North Dakota and in March in South Dakota.

13. Considering the distribution of snow over that portion of the United States and Canada
where it usually falls, the Dakotas lie within the region of the minimum amount (annual average
1 to 24 feet), which includes Wyoming and eastern Montana. The regions of maximum amount
(annual average 10 to 30 feet) are the Sierra Nevada Mountains in northeastern California and the
Province of Quebec in Canada.

14. The amount of unmelted snow on the ground at the end of month, as shown in Appendix
No. 8, discloses the fact that the snowfall of the Dakotas disappears quite rapidly. But as the
low temperatures of the snowfall season would preclude much melting it is perhaps fair to assume
that the high winds of winter are largely responsible for the disappearance. Moreover, the vast
plains in both States afford great advantage to the sweeping high winds in removing the snow.
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 15

The snowfall disappears most rapidly in the interior of both States, and least rapidly in the Black
Hills and in the Red River Valley.

15. In Appendices Nos. 15 and 16 are tabulated the occurrences of excessive precipitation in
both Dakotas. Monthly amounts equaling or exceeding 10 inches have occurred only twice in North
Dakota and but eight times in South Dakota since 1871. The heaviest méuthly rainfall in either
State (14.65 inches) was reported from Webster, 8. Dak., in June, 1884. The heaviest in North
Dakota (10.93 inches) was reported from Fort Abraham Lincoln in June, 1890, The largest 24-hour
rainfall in either State (8 inches) was reported trom Morriston, 8. Dak., on July 22 and 23, 1878.
The largest 24-hour rainfall in North Dakota (5.10 inches) was reported from Fort Totten, on
August 25 and 26, 1880. The greatest rainfall in less than two hoursin either State (4.84 inches)
was reported from Webster, 8. Dak., on July 2,1884, as occurring in one hour and forty-five min-
utes. The greatest rainfall in less than two hours in North Dakota (4 inches) was reported from
Steele on June 14, 1891, as oceurring in one hour and twenty minutes. It is evident from these
records that the Dakotas are not liable to severe loss from flood, although the contour of the
country is such, in some localities, as to drain off both the extreme and also the average excessive
precipitation with detrimeut to the land, aud with liability to damage other property to a degree
that deserves to be guarded against.

16. A fundamental consideration of any periodical distribution of precipitation in the Dakotas
is impracticable without correlatively discussing the distribution of atmospheric pressure over these
States and: the immediately adjacent region. In order that this important relation may be appre-
ciated as far as the purposes of this monograph will permit, a graphic presentation has been
made by the preparation of monthly charts of arcas of low barometric pressure (see Appendices
Nos. 137 to 148, inclusive) and by the use of diagrams to show the comparative curves of monthly
deviations from normal values (see Appendices No. 99 to 138, inclusive).

17%. The charts of tracks of centers of low pressure show that the Dakotas lie in the path of all
barometric depressions moving eastward over the country from the Pacific Ocean. The black
lines represent the direction of progressive movement of the low centers by connecting the plotted
points designating those centers, at certain times each twenty-four hours.

18. The distribution of precipitation over the continent between the fortieth and _ fifty-fifth
parallels north latitude shows that the areas of low pressure drop the maximum amount of their
moisture west of the one hundred and twentieth meridian, aud that from there eastward the rain-
fall diminishes rapidly to a minimum between the one hundred and fifth and one hundred and
tenth meridians, and thence increases again to a second maximum between the ninetieth and
seventy-fifth meridians, but south of the fortieth parallel. The source of the first maximum is
found in the moisture gathered by cyclonic circulation from the warm waters of the Japan ecur-
rent in the North Pacific. The source-of the second maximum is obtained ina similar manner
from the Gulf and Gulf Stream. The probable cause of the minimum average annual precipi-
tation between the one hundred and fifth and one hundred and tenth meridians is found in the
fact of the great distance of this district from the two regions of maximum moisture supply to the
continent of North America, viz: the Japan current and the Gulf and Gulf stream.

19. The major portion of the Dakotas appears to lie too far west and north of the path of
northward air movement and the moisture supply from the Gulf. The bulk of the supply, under
the influence of cyclonic circulation, tending northward is deposited east of the one hundredth
meridian and south of the forty-third parallel.

20. The low-pressure areas are nearly drained of their moisture at the very coast line on the
Pacific, and during the remainder of the journey to the great continental valley of the Mississippi
no source of moisture supply can be drawn upon, except the snow beds of the great mountain sys-
tems between the one hundred and twentieth and one hundredth meridians, which in any event
could furnish but a limited and uncertain amount. In this connection it is well to state that a
significant relation seems to exist between the snowfall of the most elevated mountain ranges and
the rainfall of summer, over the Northern plains. A deficiency in snowfall appears to correspond
with a deficiency in rainfall, and vice versa. In order to illustrate the importance of this matter
from a practical standpoint typical charts of barometric pressure have been prepared to show the
conditions under which a deficiency of snowfall occurs in the Recky Mountain and Sierra Nevada
16 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

regions, and also in a similar manner to show the distribution of mean atmospheric pressure under
which an excess of snowfall occurs over the same regions. These charts have been prepared from a
consideration of all the monthly values of mean barometric pressure since 1872 as published by the
Signal Service. The ideal character of the charts is explained on pages 17 and 18 with those sub-
mitted on the occurrence of variations in rainfall. An examination of the typical chart for defici-
ency of snowfall reveals the fact that the mountain regions west of the one hundred and second
meridian are under the influence of a preponderance of cold, dry air of high density. Such a pre-
vailing characteristic in the distribution of mean atmospheric pressure indicates that a majority
of all low-pressure areas have been diverted away from the region under the control of this High,
and that they will continue to be so verte ot a decided change occurs in the mean pressure.
When the Lows are thus prevented from passing over the mountain regions in question the distri-
bution of precipitation is, of course, very materially modified and reduced toa minimum. A notable
example under this type chart js found in January, 1888, and reference to the deficiency in snow-
fall is made in the Monthly Weather Review as follows:

While in some portions of the country (viz, northern New York and the northern portion of the Upper Lake
region) the monthly snowfalls have been heavy, and have probably equaled or exceeded the January average,
as a whole the snowfalls of January, like those of the two preceding months, have been unusually small. There
can be no doubt that the winter snowfall to the close of January over much of the country, particularly the cen-
tral and southern portions, is the smallest that has occurred for a number of years.

In the following month (February, 1889) precipitation remained considerably below the normal
in the Plateau and Pacific coast regions. In March, 1889, the Monthly Weather Review states as
follows:

To the northward of the fortieth parallel the line indicating the snow limit over the western part of the coun-
try curves southeastward over the Platean region of the Rocky Mountains, forming an enlonguted area, within which
no snow was reported, extending from Washington and the northeastern part of Oregon to westcrn Colorado.

It is well known that the summer of 1889 was a remarkably dry one in the Dakotas. By ref-
erence to Appendix No. 14 it will be seen that the total deficiency in precipitation over the Dakotas
for 1889 was over 65 inches (about 7,500 tons of water to the acre) computed from the records of
nineteen stations. ,

21. The following typical chart showing the conditions under which excess of snowfall occurs
over the Rocky Mountain and Sierra Nevada regions discloses a distribution of mean monthly atmos-
pheric pressure, directly opposite to that displayed on the typical chart for deficiency of snowfall.
The conditions for excess of snowfall indicate that the areas of low barometric pressure from the
Pacific ocean have passed eastward directly over the mountain regions, and that they will continue
to do so until a decided change has been effected in the mean pressure over those regions. An im-
portant example under this head is found in February, 1891. The Monthly Weather Review for
that month records the occurrence of unusual snowfalls in the southern and western portions of
the United States. Snow fell as far south as Meridian, Miss., for the first time in three years.
It reached a depth of 120 inches at Cisco, Cal., and 104 inches at Alta, Utah. An unusually heavy
snowstorm prevailed in the middle Missouri Valley and the extreme Northwest, seriously inter-.
rupting railroad traffic and causing the death of large numbers of cattle on the ranges. Precipi-
tation was in’excess of the normal as follows: Northeast slope of the Rocky Mountains, 130 per
cent; Northern plateau, 129 per cent; Middle plateau, 108 per cent; Southern plateau, 219 per cent;
Middle Pacific coast, 250 per cent. In March, 1891, the Monthly Weather Review reports excess of
precipitation as follows: Northeast slope of the Rocky Mountains, 270 per cent; Middle Eastern
slope, 253 per cent; Middle plateau, 208 per cent; Southeast slope, 140 per cent. The summer of
1891 in the Dakotas was marked by a notable excess of precipitation. By reference to Appendix
No. 14 it will be seen that the total excess, as computed from sixteen long-record stations, amounts
to over 40 inches (about 4,600 tons of water to the acre). The reports of the U. 8. Department of
Agriculture show that the year 1891 was an extremely favorable one for crop production generally
throughout the Dakotas, or at least for that portion of them east of the Missouri River.

It is believed that from a study of the distribution of mean atmospheric pressure depicted
on these typical charts information can be obtained which will permit of some long-range fore-
casting as to the probable occurrence of excesses and deficiencies in precipitation over the North-
ern plains.
Ar ldeal Typical Chart of Nv erage Monthly Barometric bressure Indicative of Hx cess

of Snowfall tn the Rocky Mountain and Serra Nevada Regrovs, /to2 months

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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8 Ex. 437. 621
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 17

a

22, An examination of storm-track charts of the Dakotas for a long series of years reveals
monthly and annual fluctuations from the average path of easterly movement which bear impor-
tant relation to the distribution of both precipitation and temperature. These deviations are only
in two directions, viz, north and south. The former corresponds to warm, dry weather and the
latter to cold, wet weather. Jlustrations of these results are given in Appendices Nos. 21 to 26,
inclusive, and in Nos. 58 to 61, inclusive. ba

23, The study of the storm-track charts in relation to the wet and dry seasons furnishes very
interesting and valuable comparisons. The amount of precipitation over any area depends not
so much upon the number of storm centers passing over it as upon the rate of progressive velocity
of those centers. The number of low-pressure areas as shown in Appendix No. 143 is greatest
during autumn and winter and least during spring and summer. The following monthly average
progressive velocities, in miles per hour, of the centers of both low and high-pressure areas,
computed from records for five years (1887 to 1891), show that the lowest velocities occur during
the season of greatest precipitation.

Average velocity of lows.—January, 39; February, 37; March, 33; April, 33; May, 26; June, 25,
July, 24; August, 27; September, 27; October, 29; November, 35; December, 39.

Average velocity of highs. —Janiuary, 25; February, 26; March, 25; April, 25; May, 21; June,
19; July, 18; August, 21; September, 21; October, 22; November, 25; December, 26.

This amounts to saying that the more slowly astorm center moves the more moisture it will
deposit upon the earth if the supply remaius practically coustaut. The distribution of mean atmos-
pherie pressure over the interior of continents during the summer season is favorable to the
sluggish movement of all large disturbances. -

24, A comparison of the storm-track charts for the various months discloses a remarkable
change in the curvature of the paths of low-pressure areas across the Dakotas. During the dry
season the deviations from a direct east aud west line are very small, showing rapid progressive
movement. But in the wet season (April to August inclusive) couvolutions become extremely
trequent, so that the five-year chart record for the month of June (month of greatest rainfall)
becomes a labyrinth of winding lines.

25. A further application of the relation of barometric pressure to the occurrence and distri-
bution of precipitation is shown in the preparation of the following typical dry and wet weather
charts. They are termed “ideal” because their composite structure is not the result of the reduc-
tion of actual mean values for a large number of months, but rather the reduction of isometric
lines; the former method is preferable because more accurate, and would have been followed in this
report but for the large amount of liubor involved. It seems reasonable, however, to assume that
the charts will be found suggestive in their present form, toa degree that may give practical results
in long-range forecasting. If, for example, the mean barometric pressure for prilor May should
disclose a wet weather type, an excess of precipitation may reasonably be expected tor the next
month or two: Under favorable conditions for its existence it would appear to take that long for
the type and its effect to disappear. .An examination of the wet-weather type chart reveals the
existence of a sort of barometric trough of low pressnre embracing the Rocky Mountain region
and extending from British America to Mexico. During the prevalence of such a distribution of
mean atmospheric pressure the areas of low barometer from the Pacific are found to pass eastward
over the Dakotas, and at a much Jower latitude than in the event of a period of dry weather, the
condition of the atmosphere as to moisture and density being most favorable to a prevailing south-
erly air movement. It is generally found that lows tend to move in the direction of greatest mois-
ture and towards the region where the existing atmospheric circulation most readily conforms to
the requirements of the passing storm center. In wet weather the lows trend southward but in
dry weather their deviation from the average course is decidedly northward. An example of wet.
weather deviation is shown in Appendices Nos. 25 and 26, where the total excess of precipitation
as compared with normal values for many yeas, amounted to $2.87 inches (about 9,400 tons of
water to the acre), computed from the records of fifteen stations.

26. The dry-weather type chart shows a disposition of mean atmospheric pressure north of the
fortieth parallel which has been found to be decidedly untavorable to the development of low-
pressure areas. Such a condition of atmospheric pressure not only affects the latitude of the east-

8. Ex, 157—— 3
18 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

e
erly movement of lows from the Pacific, but it tends to materially reduce the number of stich dis-
turbances and to increase their progressive velocity, all of which are agencies in the reduction of
precipitation over the Dakotas. Examples of dry-weather periods are given in Appendices Nos.
21 to 24, inclusive. During one of these periods the deficiency of precipitation, as compared with
normal! values for many years, shows a total loss of 72.93 inches (about 8,300 tons of water to the
acre) over the Dakotas, computed from the records of twenty stations. Another dry period shows
a total deficiency of 50.95 inches (about 5,700 tous of water to the acre) computed from the records
of fourteen stations.

27. If the employment of these typical charts can be depended upon, the foreknowledge to be
obtained from their study is of such a character that, even when expressed with a moderate degree
of certainty, and properly distributed to the public, will prove of considerable value to agricultural
and commercial interests. The success or failure of the most valuable crops, fruits, vegetables, or
cereals very often depends upon the occurrence of a few days of abnormal weather changes, and
especially so at the critical period of growth. Accurately prepared composite type charts, for
various sections of the country, subjected to revision in order to take advantage of every confirma-
tory occurrence, should be made the subject of careful study by the forecast offivials of the Weather
Bureau. The wet and dry weather type charts submitted relate especially to the wet season in
the Dakotas. Similar types but not so strongly marked will exhibit the conditions which give rise
to corresponding changes in precipitation during the remainder of the year. This explanation
will apply to the type charts concerning snowfall and also temperature.

DROUGHT.

Liability to a marked deficiency in rainfall over any region is a matter of the utmost practical
value to both agricultural and commercial interests. Damage from excess of precipitation is not
so great and can be more easily provided against. The limits of agriculture and horticulture are
determined by the dry season for any region. In discussing the distribution of precipitation over
large areas of country Dr. Hellman has made known the fact that in Spain marked differences in
social and agricultural conditions have appeared between sections where the rainfall is in excess
and where it is deficient. The differences are of such a degree that they appear to control the
character and mode of life of the inhabitants.

In the discussion of this question it is of the utmost importance to have exhaustive experiments
and observations made to ascertain what degree of dryness the various food forms of plant life will
submit to without destruction, and what amount of moisture will secure the best results in the full
development of each variety. The scope of work to be assigned to the Agricultural Experiment
Stations might profitably embrace investigation of this character. The field is a broad and rather
difficult one for it includes the whole subject of atmospheric pressure, evaporation, and condensa-
tion, in which meteorology must have the codperation of botany, chemistry, and geology to satis-
factorily contend with the problems involved.

In the limited investigation made in this monograph research has been confined to such meteoro-
logical data as could be made most readily available from the records of the Weather Bureau.
The method of treatment has been gradually developed by suggestions arising from a study of the
fundamental data embraced in the tabulations, charts, and diagrams.

References to various authorities on climatic changes and the distribution of precipitation
developed the fact that, as a meteorological condition, drought has apparently been considered
only as a variation of the occurrence of rainfall, to such a degree as to injure vegetation. It would
appear that drought, in the full meteorological sense of that term, has never been defined. In the
New Century Dictionary the following definition appears: “Want of rain or of moisture; such a
continuance of dry weather as injuriously affects vegetation.” This is true as far as it goes, but
the detinition falls considerably short of completeness and does not touch the source of the essen-
tial atmospheric conditions involved in the occurrence of drought.

Drought as it has been studied in this report, and as the results of the investigation seem to
show, has a closer relation to evaporation than to precipitation, and is more dependent upon the
distribution of atmospheric presstue than upon the variation of any other meteorological element.
Drought may therefore be briefly defined as that state of the weather over any region, within and
Adn Ideal Typical Chart of Monthly Grerage Barometric Pressure
Indicative of Cimormatly Dry Weather in the Datiotas for rromrm
Llo 2 Months, May to 5 opener inclusive,

 

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SEx /’7 521
An Ideal Typical Chart of Monthly Average Barometric Pressure
Indicative of Cbnormally Wet Weather in the Datiotas for from

1 to 2. Months,

ar SS TENS,

May to September inclusive.
10%" 2 i a2" 7

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CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 19

about which the distribution of atmospheric pressure is most favorable for the occurrence of the
minimum amount of precipitation and the maximum degree of evaporation; a strong component
being wind force, the result of which is to cause injury to both animal and plant life by the devel-
opment of a high degree of aridity.

The actual precipitation of a district might be entirely adequate for its industrial needs were
it not for the influence of abnormal evaporation. To discuss the nature and extent of this
influence involves a consideration of all the elements which enter into the process of evaporation
and which retard or accelerate it. Evaporation from land areas, both cultivated and uncul-
tivated, as well as from bodies of water, is here referred to. The elements may be briefly
cnumerated as follows: Temperature of the air, foree of the wind; direction of the wind, accord-
ing to the humidity of the locality from whence it blows; atmospheric pressure, aridity of the air,
degree of cloudiness, character and extent of vegetation, proximity and extent of forests, char-
acter of surface soil, temperature and humidity of soil, character of subsoil, area and depth of
water forming the evaporating surface, radiation of surrounding bodies; dryness, stillness and
density of the air over the evaporating surface.

Prof. Russell says that—

The amount of evaporation depends principally on the dryness of the air and the velocity of the wind blowing

ovcr the evaporating surface. The measure of the dryness of the air is the difference in vapor tension correspond-
ing to the temperature of the air and that corresponding to the temperature of the dew point.

As to the values given in Apptndix No. 83, Russell states that they only—

Represent possibilities of evaporation and not actual evaporation over the whole surface of the country. If a
set of figures were prepared from the various parts of the country which would represent the opportunities of
evaporation, which depend on the relative amount of land and water surface, and on the wetness or dryness of soil,
and the amount and character of vegetation, the product of the two sets of figures would be the absolute evaporation.

Stelling determines evaporation from a combination of values which express the amount of
vapor in the air corresponding to the temperature of the evaporating surface, the amount of vapor
indicated by the dew point of the air at the time, and lastly the vapor tension for the existing
wind velocity. To obtain the depth of evaporation by this method would involve the preparation
of constants based upon careful computations from records for many years.

Maj. Powell says that—

Evaporation from standing bodies of water will vary from “6 to 82 inches per annum, depending upon exposure
to winds and upon altitude. The higher the altitude the less the evaporation; the greater the exposure to wind the
greater the evaporation, <A large stream may come from the mountains of Colorado which may be lost before it
reaches the Colorado-Kansas line, and no water whatever pass beyond that line. Out into the sands on cither side
the water may run for miles and is rapidly evaporated. What is not lost by evaporation disappears by infiltration.

In further testimony on this subject before the Senate Committee on Irrigation and Reela-
mation of Arid Lands, Powell says that—-

From waters flowing from irrigated land about 30 per cent is evaporated. Growing plants evaporate 300 times

their own weight of grow th annually. Whatever the crop may be, whether corn, grass, or wheat, that grows in one
year, it will evaporate 300 times its own weight of water. If, then, a crop is raised on a field which is irrigated,
and a farmer is careless to such an extent that the field is covered not only with the-corn or other ¢ rop he desires to
raise, but also with a dense growth of weeds, the evaporation from that surface will be enormous. But if his field
of corn is well cultivated, and if speedily after each irrigation he turns, with a harrow or raking tool, the ground
‘between the rows, so as to have the ground mulched with a thin surface of soil, the evaporation is at a minimum.

Capt. Dutton, of the U. 8. Geological Survey, says:

The extent of evaporation is always in proportion to the surface, other things being equal. We consider that
evaporation depends on three quantities: The first is the temperature of the water; the second is the absolute
humidity of the air. There is still a third, the rate at which the wind is blowing, the wind factor being really the
most important and the most difficult to handle.

Tate established by careful experiments the following laws of evaporation in 1862: (1) Other
things being the same the rate of evaporation is nearly proportional to the difference of the tem-
perature indicated by the wet and dry bulb thermometers. (2) Other things being the same
the augmentation of evaporation, due to air in motion, is nearly pr oportional to the velocity of the
20 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

wind, (3) Other things being the same the evaporation is nearly inversely proportional to the
pressure of the atmosphere.

Observations show that one-third of the water falling in the Seine is taken by that river to
the sea, the balance passing off by evaporation and percolation, A measure of the extent of
evaporation over any region is indirectly given by the flowing waters of rivers and all other
stie ams, which represent substantially the amount by which the precipitation exceeds the evapo-
ration, less a small amount permanently lost by infiltration.

Irrigation will diminish the inflow to lakes, ponds, and rivers, but increase the active area of
evaporation.

Clarence King found an observed evaporation of one-half inch per day in the Great Basin
during the dryest period of the year. Anstead gives the same rate of evaporation for the Red
Sea during the summer.:

Prof. Russell found the observed evaporation at Keeler, Cal., for the year ending June 30,
1888, to be 100.6 inches; Fort Grant, Ariz., 101.2 inches; Wuis, Ariz., 95.7 inches, and Fort
innit, Tex., 96.4 inches. Bergland gives the annual evaporation at Cumana, Venezuela. as 130
_ inches, and fhe Dead Sea, 96. Monerief reports the annual evaporation at Madrid as 65 inches,
which corresponds very closely with the rate of evaporation in the California valleys.

The total precipitation of any region is carried away by evaporation, surface and underground
drainage, and underground storage, and the only means of regaining it, except from the clouds,
is by the development of an artesian supply and thus increase the total amount of water available
for irrigation.

From what has already preceded we find that the relation of drought to evaporation is most
intimate and important. So strong is the agency of evaporation in this respect that we might
conceive of a region where the prevailing climatic conditions were such as to make the occurrence
of drought entirely independent of rainfall. That is, no matter,how great the precipitation, oppor-
tunities for evaporation would dispose of all the water on the surface not lost by infiltration. It
can not be said that any portion of the United States (a region where the aver age annual rainfall
varies from less than 2 inches to over 100) is absolutely free from the occurrence of such a defi-
ciency in rainfall and such an excess of evaporation as to result in injury to vegetation and
animal life. The same may be said of British India, where the average annual rainfall varies from
about 10 inches to 500, but where the density of population is many times greater than in the
United States.

Where the average annual rainfall is over 40 inches there are times when irrigation becomes
necessary, especially under abnormal conditions of evaporation.

Moncrief, in his work on irrigation in southern Europe, cites cases of the employment of
irrigation where the annual rainfall was about 40 inches. ~ Similar cases may be found in the
United States when systems of irrigation become better understood and thore readily applied,
and their advantages fully appreciated in the protection of crops. Where the annual rainfall
equals or exceeds 40 inches the average cloudiness is sufficiently high to place a decided check
upon evaporation, and therefore a large amount of moisture is saved to the soil and vegetation.
By reference to Appendix No. 83. it will be seen that evaporation in the Dakotas is least in the
‘Red River Valley and is greatest in the Missouri Valley. The values of average cloudiness given
in Appendix No. 85 show that the largest region of high percentage embraces the Red River Val-
ley and eastern South Dakota. Another very important point to be noted in this connection is
the fact that the greatest average cloudiness in the Red River Valley and in eastern South
Dakota occurs during the spring and autumn, when crops need most protection from evaporation
and plenty of sunshine during the wet and growing season.

Many cases can be cited of remarkable evaporation under the influence of peculiar winds.

Referring to the occasional “hot northers” of the California valleys, Abbot Kinney says:

Orchards planted along the edge of the Sierras, and also the cultivated area planted up to and during 1880,
suffered a great deal from the hot, dry, desert winds. I have seen the bark of the trees and the fruit frequently
excoriated by the sand carried by the wind, so that the tree and fruit gave the appearance of having been subjected,
on the windward side to asand blast. The hot desert winds have been undoubtedly lessened in force in our valleys,
and so also have what we call trade winds.
OERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 21

The Chinook winds of the Northern Plateau and Saskatchewan Valley are attended with
remarkable excesses of temperature and evaporation. During the prevalenceof these winds, which
occur most frequently in winter and spring, the thermograph records at wea. ..er bureau stations
show almost a vertical ascent of the pen tracing to the extent of from 40° to 50°. Reports show
that an increase of 70° to 80° in six to eight hours is not unusual. At Fort Assinaboine, Mont.,
during the prevalence of a remarkable Chinook wind on January 19, 1892, the thermograph
record exhibited a rise in temperature of about 42° in fifteen minutes, and of about 49° in Jess than
three hours. The Folin of Switzerland is a hot, dry wind, peculiar to the mountains and val-
leys of that country, and during its prevalence remarkable rises in temperature take place,
attended with an astonishing rate of evaporation. The southeast trade which descends the west-
ern slopes of the Andes from the pampas of Brazil, becomes such a dry wind over Peru thut Pres-
cott says the ancient Peruvians preserved their dead by exposing the bodies to its action. The
northwest anti-trade of New Zealand becomes a hot, dry wind when it crosses the mountains, and
its evaporating power is very great. The southeast trade on the African coast, and in Sicily,
called the Sirocco, is attended with very high temperatures and canses great injury to vegetation
by evaporation. Scott says that the Harmattan of the west coast of Africa is a hot, east wind,
which coming off the desert brings with it clouds of reddish dust which cover the sails and decks
of ships far out in the Atlantic. In Egypt the hot winds from the desert known as the Khamsin,
or “fifty,” from the idea that it blows for that number of days, canses much damage to vegeta-
tion by an excess of evaporation. The Zonda, the northeast trade of Argentine Republic, and
called the Sirocco of South America, prevails during the months of July, August, and September,
generally beginning about 8 a. m., and continuing until sundéwn, during which time “the heat,
is almost suffocating and the air is a cloud of dust,” says Mr. E. L. Baker, United States consul,
Buenos Ayres. The Zonda, however,is always followed by a south wind, which at once causes
a sudden fall of the temperature, and reéstablishes the atmospheric equilibrium.

M. Perez, United States consul, Cadiz, Spain, says:

south wind of that region. It acts like an enormons sponge to ubsorb the humidity, and asa natural stove where
both the air and the soil are speedily dried up. The ‘atmosphere acquires then such transparency that scarcely any
gradual lines or shadows of varying distances on the horizon are perceived. It is peculiar to the south wind that
immediately it ceases to blow it is generally followed with rain and that while it is blowing on the coast rain will
most likely be falling on the elevated plateau of Old Castile. The winds which prevail longest in the year come
from the west-northwest, succeeding the periods from the south.

An agent which considerably modifies the damp character of the climate of sansa is the peculiar

The dry, hot southerly winds of the Dakotas, which we will call Hot Southers, are attended
with extreme heat and 4 high degree of evaporation, the extent of which has never been
accurately measured. The destructive effect upon vegetation, however, is well known. The
occurrence of the Hot Souther is mostly contined to Jate summer and autumn, except when abnor-
mal deficiencies in precipitation occur earlier in the year. It is important to note, in connection
with the occurrence of these high-power evaporating winds, that they result from peculiarities in .
the distribution of atmospheric pressure, modified to a certain extent by both general and local
topography.

A marked deficiency in precipitation over the Dakotas in any month arises whenever the
number of low-pressure ureas become greatly reduced, or when the majority of them pass eastward
north of the forty-eighth parallel. The latter condition operates most frequently as the determin-
ing cause, and thereby develops a preponderance of southerly winds attended with excessive
dryness and high temperatures. Atmospheric circulation in low-pressure areas moves toward
the place of least pressure, and vice versa in the case of high-pressure areas. The air drawu north-
ward over the Dakotas in low-pressure areas starts with the moisture of the Gulf and adjacent
regions to the north, but precipitates the vapor over the intervening country, getting rid of the
water but retaining the heat and obtaining more of the latter as the currents progress northward
over the hot plains of Kansas and Nebraska. In the case of high-pressure areas, when the lows
pass eastward south of the forty-fifth parallel, they, the highs, start southward with the cold and
dryness of the interior of British America and give the Dakotas the benefit of “first choice,” the
intensity of the disturbances becoming ameliorated as they progress to lower latitudes.
2D CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

Under such distribution of atmospheric pressure the Dakotas are frequently subjected to
extremes of cold, heat, and aridity, according to the latitude and velocity of the progressive
movenent of the disturbances. As these conditions of occurrence depend upon fundamental and
general changes in the atmosphere over extended regions of country, and as it is generally
accepted that permanent climatic changes are not taking place, it must be conceded that the pre-
vailing characteristics of atmospheric pressure over the Dakotas, as shown by the records in this
monograph will continue in the future as they have occurred in the past.

The conditions under which abnormal cold weather, warm weather, dry weather, and wet
weulher are developed in the Dakotas are shown in Appendices Nos. 21 to 26, inclusive, and in 58
to 61, inclusive.

As to protection from the deleterious influences of evaporation, Prof. Fernow says:

Summer and winter drought, viz, rapid evaporation, is the bane of the farmer on the plains, and this is due
to the continuous dry winds, which can be checked by rationally disposed timber belts. Anothcr merely mechanical
influence which needs no argument or discussion with the observer of natural phenomena, is that which the forest
cover on the mountain sides exerts in retarding the melting of the snow and the drainage of the water, thus prolong-
ing the period during which the same may be made available. Complaints that the snows do not lie as long into the

suminer as they used to, before the forest cover was removed, may be heard all along the vastern Colorado slope,
where irrigation has been practiced in the most rational manner and the water flow the best observed.

Absence of precipitation does not always mean drought, especially when the soil is-moist and
evaporation is retarded by cloudiness and unfavorable wind conditions. Therefore the maximum
period without rainfall, as a measure of the intensity of the drought must be considered accord-
ingly. In Appendix No. 82 are presented data from a long series of years expressing the drought
period as measured by the total absence of rain, for the longest consecutive period, also by that
absence plus the time during which there were but “traces” of precipitation, which could have
little or no effect upon vegetation. A comparison of the records from North Dakota and South
Dakota show that the former is subject to the longest average consecutive period without rain,
about 23 days, the extremes varying from 22 days (September to May, inclusive, 1874, 1884, 1890)
in the Red River Valley to 45 days (January and February, 1877) in the James River Valley, and
54 days (August to October, inclusive, 1883) in the southeastern portion of the Missouri Valley, to
59 days (January to March, inclusive, 1877) in the northwestern portion. In South Dakota the
average consecutive period without rain is about 19 days, the extremes varying from 19 days
(September to November, inclusive, 1885, 1891) in the Black Hills, to 31, days (October to December,
inclusive, 1887, 1888) in the James River Valley, and 45 days (November to March, inclusive, 1864,
1887) in the Missouri Valley. Considering the greatest consecutive period without rain, including
“traces,” the average for North Dakota is about 32 days, the extremes varying from 29 days
(November to January, inclusive, 1885, 1889, 1890) in the Red River Valley to 54 days (February
and March, 1880) in the James River Valley, to 113 days (January to April, inclusive, 1880) in the
Missouri Valley. In South Dakota the average period without rain, including “traces,” is about
27 days, the extremes varying from 24 days (January, 1879) in the Black Hills, to 38 days (November
and December, 1888) in the James River Valley, to 61 days (October to December, inclusive, 1864,
1875, 1880) in the southern portion of the Missouri Valley, and 67 days (February to April, inclu-
sive, 1887) in the northern portion.

The maximum periods without rain are almost entirely confined to autumn, winter, and spring
in both Dakotas, and appear to be most frequent from September to December, inclusive, during
which latter period the average path of areas of low pressure (storm centers) is north of the forty-
seventh parallel, as will be seen by a reference to Appendices Nos. 155 to 158, inclusive; ‘another
striking confirmation of the relation of precipitation and evaporation to the distribution of atmos-
pheric pressure. 7

A further illustration of this important relation is shown diagrammatically in Appendices
Nos. 99 to 138, inclusive, where both the actual and the reduced barometric pressure have
been considered, to compare principally, the corresponding effects of the extremes of heat and
cold; and the deficiencies and excesses of precipitation. The fluctuations appear to be nearly
identical, although perhaps slightly the greatest in reduced pressure, and most marked in both
during periods of extremes of drought and excesses of precipitation, the latter being attended with
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 23

the greatest variations. Prof. Hazen has shown from a study of the observations at the summit
and base of Mount Washington, for the months of January, February, and March, during a period
of sixteen years, 1871 to 1886, inclusive, that the fluctuations of both pressure and temperature are
almost exactly identical. ‘Occasionally the change in temperature at the summit has preceded
that in pressure to such an extent as to cause the pressure phases to lag behind at the summit.”

In Appendices No. 80 and 81 will be found the normal values of dry periods, excluding “traces”
of rain, and including them. These data are computed from a combination of the long and short
periods, during a long series of years. Comparing these values with those for cloudiness and
sunshine given in Appendices 85 and 86, it will be observed that the normal dry-period values
(August to December, inclusive) reach their maximum during the maximum period of sunshine and
the minimum period of cloudiness; another confirmation of the influence of barometric pressure on
these conditions. Tate says that when the temperature of the evaporating surface is higher than
that of the surrounding air the resulting ascensional current of vapor will facilitate the process of
evaporation only during continued sunshine. In the case of heavy cloudiness the temperature
of the evaporating surface is lower than that of the surrounding air, resulting in little or no
ascensional current of vapor and a retardation of evaporation.

Comparing the normal values of sunshine, cloudiness, and dry periods w ith the average hourly
velocity of the wind (see Appendix No. 87) we find the maximum value of the force occurring
from September to April inclusive. The highest of the average maximum wind velocities (see
Appendix No. 90) occur also from September to April inclusive.

Secular change in precipitation, as shown in Appendix No. 14, appears to afford some evidence
of a regular recurrence of eleven-year periods of excess and deficiency in the Dakotas. Perhaps
failure to satisfactorily establish such periods may be due, in a measure, to broken records and
want of a longer period of continuous observations. Considering the whole territory together, we
find an eleven-year period of excess from 1875 to 1885 inclusive, which is also fairly well marked
at some of the stations of longest record. If the records at Fort Randall, 8. Dak., were complete
tor the years 1864, 1865, 1866, they might show an eleven-year period of deficiency in precipitation,
ending with 1874 and immediately preceding the eleven-year period of excess, just referred to.
During these missing years there was a rather marked deficiency of rainfall, especially in 1866, at
Fort Abercrombie, N. Dak.; but this would hardly justify the assumption of a deficiency at Fort
Randall, particularly as in 1867 and continually thereafter to include 1870, a marked excess in
rainfall was reported from Fort Abercrombie, during which time marked deficiencies prevailed at
Fort Randall. The records at Fort Randall, which are complete from 1857 to 1891 inclusive
(except 1864 to 1866 inclusive) show a twelve-year period of excess (except a deficiency in 1884)
trom 1875 to 1886 inclusive.

The combined records for both Dakotas show a thirteen-year period of deficiency (except an
excess in 1872) from 1862 to 1874 inclusive. A twenty-year continuous record at Fort Totten, N.
Dak., shows an eleven-year period of excess (except deficiencies in 1884 and 186) from 1877 to
1887 inclusive. A twenty-three-year continuous record at Fort Sully, 8. Dak., shows an eleven-
year deficiency (except excesses in 1883 and 1885) from 1880 to 1891 inclusive. An eighteen-year
continuous record at Yankton, 8. Dak., shows a thirteen-year period of excess (except deficiencies
in 1879, 1880, 1882, aud 1884) from 1875 to 1887 inclusive. A twenty-one-year record at Fort
Buford, N. Dak., shows a thirteen-year period of excess (except deficiencies in 1SS82, 1883, 1884,
1886, and 1889) from 1879 to 1891 inclusive. A seventeen-year continuous record at Bismarck, N.
Dak., shows an eleven-year period of deficiency (except excesses in 1882, 1884, and 1891) from 1881
to 1891 inclusive. A fifteen-year record at Fort Abraham Lincoln, N. Dak., and a sixteen-year
record at Fort Pembina, N. Dak., are too much broken to be considered independently. The same
may be said of a twelve-year record at Fort Sisseton, 8. Dak. The six-year record at Fort Rice,
N. Dak., has not been used in computing the mean annual deviations for obvious reasons.

Blanford sought to establish the occurrence of an eleven-year cycle in the Carnatic rainfall of
India, from 1864 to 1885 inclusive, through the intervention of harmonic analysis to secure greater
precision in the character of the periodical fluctuations than appeared on the face of the records,
24 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

but without success. General Strachey, in criticism of this method (Nature, July 21, 1887), set
forth the statement that—

Such a series of calculated values has no physical signification whatever. The greater or less degree of differ-
ence between the observed and calculated quantities only indicates how far the sums of the terms of the harmonic
series employed coincide with the series of observed quantities, which the calculated series was designed to repre-
sent. The mean variation of the series of observed values, from the mean of all of them, will, of course, be greater than
thé mean variation of those observed values from a series deliberately calculated so as to correspond with them, such
as that obtained by aid of the harmonic series.

Mr. Blanford shortly after admitted the correctness of the above criticism.

Considering all of the annual deviations of precipitation for 1891 collectively, as shown in
Appendix No. 14, for each State, the data would appear to indicate that North Dakota is entering
upon a period of excess, beginning with that year. The same can be said of South Dakota, but
to a less degree, the excess for 1891 being about four-fifths less than in the case of North Dakota.
On the contrary, during the period of thirty-one consecutive years from 1861 to 1891, for North
Dakota, and during a’period of thirty-two years from 1857 to 1891 inclusive (1864, 1865, and 1866
missing) for South Dakota, the former shows an absolute excess about one-third less than appears
tor the latter. In other words, South Dakota seems to show the greatest tendency to a period of
excess from and after 1891.

The mean annual deviation of precipitation for the Dakotas is about 22 per cent, for North
Dakota about 23 per cent, and for South Dakota about 21 per cent. Blanford has shown that in
British India severe droughts occur in regions where the mean annual rainfall is Jess than 50 inches
with a mean annual deviation of more than 12 per cent. The ravages of drought in any region
must depend very largely upon the density of population. Therefore drought in India or China
becomes severe with a much larger rainfall and a much smaller variability in precipitation than
in any portion of the United States. It must be admitted, however, that with a mean annual rain-
fall of about 20 inches and a mean annual deviation of about 22 per cent the conditions appear
to be favorable for the frequent occurrence of drought in the Dakotas, being most marked in
North Dakota and in the central and northwestern portions of both States. The least mean
annual deviations are found in the Black Hills and in the Red River valley.

Capt. Wheeler, in his report upon the U. S. Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth
meridian, says that—

While farming without irrigation may doubtless be safely carried on where the rainfall exceeds 20 inches,
yet for the whole interior basin, and indeed for much of the western mountain region, especially that part south of
the fortieth parallel, and particularly not including the more humid northwest, crops may be at least doubled from
its use and ordinarily the soil be fertilized from silt deposited. A rainfall of from 12 to 14 inches, properly distrib-
uted, would produce cereal crops without irrigation, while in the case of a much greater precipitation, recurring
irregularly, it would be requisite. As arule irrigation implies that the increased production results from a lesser
area than that whereupon the necessary amount of rain utilized actually falls.

A study of secular changes as shown in Appendix No. 14, and of the general distribution of
precipitation as exhibited in the various charts, diagrams, and tabulations of this monograph,
seem to warrant the belief that no important climatic change has taken place in the Dakotas
during the past forty years, or is likely to occur in as many years to come. Local and temporary
changes, effected through the employment of systems of irrigation and reforestation, are not con-
sidered in the above statement because independent of it.

Mr. C. W. Hall, of Dickey County, N. Dak., testified in 1889, before the Senate Committee
on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands, as follows:

This is the driest year we have had for eight years. My acquaintance with this part of the country commenced
in August, 1881. In that year the condition of the country was very much the same with regard to dryness that it
now is. The Cottonwood was dried up and only some of the lakes remained full. In 1881 and in 1882 there was an
immense fall of snow, and the next spring the country was full of water and the crops were the best that were ever

known in that section. But since that time the country has dried up, At times the whole country will get wet
through and then it will gradnally dry up.

Mr. L. R. Casey, of Jamestown, N. Dak., testified as follows:

Farming in Dakota was begun in 1875 by a few venturesome parties in the Red River Valley, but it was 1878
before confidence was established in Dakota sufficient to induce emigration to North Dakota. In ten years, from 1877
to 1887, the population of Dakota as a whole increased from less than 100,000 to something over 600,000. Of that pop-
,

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 25

ulation North Dakota in 1877 had not more than 20,000. In 1887 it had about two-fifths of. the whole. The basis of
that large emigration to North Dakota was the great success of cropping lands, and the emigration to the country
was almost entirely east of the one hundredth meridian. That success continued until 1883. During that summer
the precipitation was deficient. For the year it was about as usnal, but while in other years there had been good
rains in June or July, that season it was not so. And in every year when there has been such lack of rain, crops
have not beenso good. In the year 1886 there had been scarcely any rainfall in the first part of the season in North
Dakota.: The crops were languishing and discouragement began to come over the people. On the 3d day of July
there was a.copious rain, lasting fifteen or twenty minutes in the James River Valley and for three hours in the Red
River Valley. The farms in the Red River Valley that had been cropped eleven years without rest, the reports show,
gave larger, crops that season than ever before, and it all turned on that great rain of the 3d day of July.

Mr. A. W. Burt, of Huron, 8. Dak., testified as follows:

I first went to Dakota in the fall of 1881, and moved there to live in the spring of 1882. At that time there was
little or no settlement in that country. During the winter of 1880 and 1881 there was in that country what might
be called an abnormal-snowfall. That snow melted and filled all the lake-beds and low places with water. During
the summer of 1882 we had frequent and heavy rains. That season, what little crops there were became fully matured
and were good. The vegetables of every description grew to mammoth size. We were all well satisfied that the
soil of Dakota was very fertile. In 1883 1t was a drier season; still we had plenty of moisture on the surface, aud
yood crops. The summer of 1884 came, and it was drier still, and since that time it has continued to grow drier until
the supply of water obtained in 1881 and 1882 became exhausted. The soil of Dakota is black and from 16 to 20
‘inches deep. Underneath this, especially in the central portion of the Territory, lies a bed of red clay, hard and
alinost impervious to water. When the water falls upon the surface it penetrates to this subsoil and is held there, so
that when the rains are over vegetation may draw from this supply. The only thing is to get the water into the
ground. We of Dakota dislike to have our country referred to as an arid country. We have always insisted that
we had one of the grandest countries in the world, yet to-day, while still clinging to that belief, we must admit that
the farming of that country is substantially reduced to a question of luck. /

As to the occurrence of permanent changes in climate, Prof..Upton has shown from a study
of long meteorological records in New England that great fluctuations occur in different years,
with some indications of periodicity, but no progressive change. The universal popular belief that
the climate is changing can only be explained by the short and defective memories of people who
recall a few seasons only and who exaggerate the frequency of some special event; by the fact that
the fluctuations are large and often in the same direction for several successive years, or by the
difference between the impressions of thé child and the adult.

Mr. Gannett has compared the observations from twenty-six stations, covering periods of from
six to twenty-six years, for the western and northern plains, and found some show of an apparent
total increase of 60 inches of rainfall, or a mean of 0.40 inch per year. Other series of observations
were compared, of from ten to forty years, in the Central States and in New England, in con-
nection with the influence of forest areas, and it was found that any difference in the amount of
rainfall, as affected by the forests, was too slight to be of material importance.

Schott has shown, in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Atmospheric Temperature,
and Atmospheric Precipitation, that— : <

There is nothing in the meteorological curves to countenance the idea of any permanent change in the climate
having taken place, or being about to take place, in the last ninety years of thermometric records, the mean
temperatures showing no indication whatever of a sustained rise or fall. ‘The same conclusion has been reached in

the discussion of the secular change in rainfall, which appears also to have remained permanent in amount as well
as in annual distribution.

While there appears no important change in the amount of precipitation over the Dakotas,
from an examination of the longest record, yet the inhabitants of both States report froin various
sections evidences of a gradual diminution in the amount of rainfall, by the drying up of lakes,
ponds, rivers, and the failure of crops.

Mr. W.N. Potter, of Lamoure, N. Dak., testified before the Senate Committee on Irrigation
and Reclamation of Arid Lands, 1889, as follows:

Six years ago sloughs nearly impassable by teams were scattered in a majority of the townships, but they are
now all dry. The Twin alkali lakes, 3 miles from the town of Lamoure, nearly 2 miles north and south and
from 10 to 12 feet deep—now one is dry and the other nearly so. Cottonwood Lake, 1 mile long and one-half mile
wide, 9 miles southwest of Lamoure, is now a shallow pond 6 feet lower than it was five years ago. This is about
all the surface water except the James River in the entire 1,152 square miles of the county. The James River has
been only a shadow of its former self most of the time during the present season. The disappearance of these ponds

S. Ex. 157-4
26 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

has been gradual, more or less from year to year, in the face of the generally received theory that cultivation of the
land increases rainfall. Probably the cultivation of the surface has one effect, viz, to arrest the falling water before
it reaches the water courses. At the same time it is evident that the supply has diminished and that our farmers
have been suffering more and more from year to year. What is true of Lamoure County in these respects is also
true of nearly all the present occupied portion of the two Dakotas.

These evidences as to the disappearance of shallow bodies of water and the drying up of the
ground are not necessarily indicative of the actual falling off in the amount of rainfall over a vast
region like the Dakotas. To develop a permanent deficiency in rainfall would require some catas-
trophic change in the atmosphere itself rather than in the surface of the country. If there is
really an eleven-year cycle of precipitation in the Dakotas, a continued deficiency for such a period
of time would undoubtedly result in diminishing the amount of surface water very considerably.
But as a marked deficiency in rainfall means an excess of surtshine and warm winds, the strongest
influence in the disappearance of the surface water is evaporation.

If the amount of rainfall has not essentially varied during a long series of years, then the dis-
appearance of moisture from the soil and of water from the surface must be due to some modifica-
tion of that land surface which accelerates evaporation. It is not improbable that the cultivation
of the soil in the Dakotas has hastened evaporation, and it may be that the disappearance of
the moisture has been largely influenced by the character of the soil, which is a black loam that
very readily absorbs the heat. Before cultivation, the hard prairie sod sheds the rain like a
“duck’s back,” the water running off rapidly and gathering in the nearest depressions, keeping the
ponds, lakes, and rivers well supplied. With the advance of the conditions of civilization, extend-
ing farther and farther westward the limits of agriculture, decided and permanent modifications
have been made of the surface of the country, which have increased the opportunity of the soil to
absorb the rainfall and at the same time to give it off gradually to the atmosphere through the
process of evaporation. These changes have taken place most decidedly where the primitive con-
ditions of the country have been most completely modified by changes incident to settlement.

Prof. Fernow says:

It van no longer be doubted that while the destruction of forests was the chief agency, yet the pastoral habit of
the people of western Asia and other oriental countries, once so fertile but now se barren, was one important factor
in producing the present dry and barren condition of those countries. No country in the interior of a continent,
unless supplied with numerous lakes, or numerous and permanent rivers, can remain permanently fertile and pro-
ductive if given up largely to pasturage of sheep, goats, and cattle, without cultivation. The rapid destruction of
mountain forests and pasturing their slopes and bordering plains will most certainly have a tendency to render that
portion of our country more dry and barren,

Mr. Tate says that—

The rate of evaporation from different substances mainly depends upon the roughness or inequalities of their
surfaces. Evaporation is most rapid from the roughest or most uneven surfaces. In fact, the best radiators of heat
ure the best vaporizers of moisture. >

The loss of moisture would appear to be greatest from water in commotion than when the
surface is quiet; from cultivated land than from unbroken sod; from soil frequently cultivated
than from that occasionally so; from bodies of water exposed to the winds than when protected

by forests.
Capt. Twining, as chief astronomer of the Northern Boundary Survey, 1872 to 1876, states in
his report that— :

The streams between the valley of the Red River and the Rocky Mountains, excepting only the mountain tor-
rents flowing to the north into the Bow River and thence into the Saskatchewan, are merely prairie streams, to which
the name “river” is only given by sufferance. Many of them are most insignificant of rivulets, which, during the
multing of snows in the early spring may carry a reasonable volume of water, but in the summer consist, for the
inmost part, of a series of pools, more or less stagnant, and with no appreciable current. The Mouse River and the
Milk River are the most considerable of those along the northern boundary, and may be taken as a type of all the
prairie streams of Dakota and Montana, Thus, the Mouse River, though having a length of as much as 400 miles,
and draining the eastern slope of the Coteau of the Missouri, from north of Woody Mountain to the bend of the
Missouri below Fort Stevenson, yet carries an insignificant volume of water, being reduced to almost nothing during
August and Septeinber. In like manner, the Milk River, rising near the Rocky Mountains, ceases to flow during the
month of August. As these rivers are not fed by springs, the lack of rain and the rapid evaporation reduces the
volume of their flow in proportion to the distance from their sources,
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 27

Prairie fires are, without doubt, a considerable detriment to the agricultural development of
the Dakotas because of augmenting the influences of evaporation. They appear to occur most
frequently in autumn when the atmespheric conditions are most favorable for the loss of mois-
ture from the soil, and to the occurrence of drought. Capt. Twining refers to these fires in Sep-
tember, 1873, as follows: . °

The prairie fires, which for some days had been burning brightly in every direction, had swept every vestige of
grass from these plains, except in the immediate vicinity of the ponds, leaving the ground covered with a light film
of ashes. Our march from this point was most distressing, owing to this cause. A strong east wind raised the dust
and ashes in clouds, filling the eyes, nose, and mouth with an irritating alkali which bit and smarted with undying
zeal. We reached Fort Totten on the 20th of October. :

The Monthly Weather Review of September, 1890, refers to prairie and forest fires as follows:

In the region about Etta Mine, southwest South Dakota, and Bismarck, prairie and forest fires caused wide-
spread damage.

.

In September, 1891, as follows:

On the 17th and 18th extensive prairie fires were reported in parts of North Dakota, near Rapid City, S.
Dak., and in the northern portion of South Dakota.

The lapse of time and the many changes consequent upon advancing civilization seem to have
little effect upon this element of danger to the agricultural interests of a vast territory.

The following information on the subject of drought in the Dakutas is extracted from the
Monthly Weather Reyiew:

NORTH DAKOTA.

June, 1888.—Bismarck: Crops suffering from drought.

July, 1883.—Bismarck: Little rain in the immediate vicinity since June 23. Crops suffering seriously for rain.
Jamestown: Crops injured by previous drought. Rain of 13th will insure fair yield of wheat.

June, 1886.—Fargo: Extensive and severe drought in nearly all parts vf Territory. Mandan: Continued dry
weather seriously injured wheat crop. .

November, 1886.—The following extracts are from a report prepared by the observer, Signal Service, St. Paul,
Minn., on the drought which has prevailed throughout the Northwest during the past swumer and autumn:

“The severe drought which has prevailed over the western portion of the country during the summer of 1886 has
left its devastating effects on the Upper Mississippi Valley and the Northwest. Its influence was mostly felt in
northwestern Minnesota and northeastern Dakota, being most severe and longest in the latter section. Other arens
which suffered for shorter periods were northern Iowa, western Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, southwestern
Dakota, and eastern Montana. ;

“This paper will treat mainly on its effects in Minnesota and Dakota.

‘“In these States the usual copious rainfall of May was lessened so considerably that the drought literally began
to be appreciable in that month. The temperature was abnormally high, with a deficiency in rainfall of nearly 1
inch.

“Jn the month of June the temperature was about normal, while the precipitation was nearly 1} inches below
the average in Minnesota, and about 2 inches below in Dakota.

“In July the rainfall continued below the average, with the greatest deficiency oceurrine in eastern Min-
nesota and southern Dakota. At Duluth, Minn., the deficiency was 2.42 inches; La Crosse, Wis., 3.08 inches;
Huron, Dak, 3.26 inches; and Yankton, Dak., 3.28 inches. The temperature in Dakota was decidedly above
the normal, at Huron being 5°.4 above and Bismarck 6° above. In Minnesota it was also above the normal, with
the mean temperature of the State 7°.2, while the average of the minimum temperatures was 50%.5. The tempera-
ture was phenomonally high during nearly the entire month, while at, Sherburne and Spring Valley the maximmmn
temperature was respectively 107° and 104°, which is about the greatest heat ever observed in this State.

“Tn August there was an excess of over 2 inches of rainfall in the southeastern portion of Dakota, while in
northern Dakota and Minnesota the rainfall was below the average; the deficiency being 3.1 inches at St. Vin-
cent and 2.5 inches at Moorhead. The temperature continued above the average with the maximum above 100°
north to St. Vincent, where it rose as high as 103°.2.

September in eastern Minnesota brought an excess of rainfall, while there was a deficiency in western Minnesota
and northern Dakota. The temperature was markedly below the normal at Dnluth, while it was slightly above in
southeastern Dakota. [

‘“‘In October the rainfall was slightly below the average, while the temperature was decidedly above. For Min-
nesota the mean temperature was 8°.7 above the mean of the corresponding moath of 1885. The greatest depart-
kee see ee were 8° above at Duluth, 6° above at Moorhead, St. Vincent, St. Paul, and Yankton, and 5°

“Pastures became burned and brown early in the season and eaught fire readily from sparks of passing trains
Those crops which yielded fairly well were favored with early rains and were past danger when the dry SOAROT ie
28 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

gan. The effect on newly seeded grass fields has been unusually severe, in many cases rendering the seeding of
early spring worthless. Tree seeds in northern Dakota have become very scarce and are in great demand.

“Sloughs, lakes, and rivers, which had the appearance of having been in existence for ages, have become dry,
leaving the alluvial soil found in their bottoms to be baked by the burning sun, thus causing it to be cracked over
an inch wide and many inches deep in some localities. “Regions where there was but a thin layer of soil upon a
gravel or stone bottom suffered far more from the drought than those favored by ground of clay formation.

“Prairie fires were much more frequent and did greater damage than in previous years. The removing of the
grass covering from the earth by these fires exposed its surface to the direct rays of the sun, thus allowing undue
absorption of the moisture from the soil and leaving it in a dry condition. In localities well favored with forests
the effects of the drought were largely modified and showers were generally more frequent, thus showing the great
necessity of protecting those woodlands which so materially assist in moderating droughts and floods. Rain was
also more frequent near large bodies of water and along large streams.

“During the full of 1885 and winter of 1885 and 1886 the fall of snow and rain was very light, and was followed
by asummer marked by a decided deficiency of precipitation, which had the effect of drying sloughs, lakes, and
rivers to an almost unprecedented extent, causing the ground in many localities to be as dry as dust to the depth of
8 or 9 feet. This, together with the lack of water all through.the West and Northwest, could supply the at-
mosphere with but little moisture to be precipitated. The universally high temperatures which prevailed added
very materially to the injurious effects of the dry weather.

“Were it not for the great number of lakes found in this region, there being 7,000 to 10,000 alone in Minnesota,
with an average of 320 acres and upward, and the forests and woodlands which cover one-third of the State, there
is no doubt but that the damage would have been far greater.

“Tn some localities there seems to be a period of increase aud decrease in the amount of water in lakes and
rivers, while in other localities there seems to be a yearly decrease in the amount of water. » 3 :.

“In Minnesota the drought began in May and ended in August and September in the central and southern por-
tions, while in the northern it continued quite severe until November 1. In length it ranged from forty-one days
in the southeastern portion of the State to over five months in the northern portion.

x * * * * * * eo 8 * * * *

“In Dakota the drought began generally during the latter portion of June and was still existing November 1.
It seemed more severe in the western portion of the State; Wells and Stark counties reported the rainfall to be far
below the average since July, 1885. The State has also suffered severely from prairie fires, which devastated vast
tracts of land; in the northern portion of the State forest fires have done irreparable damage. In some portions of
the State trees planted several years ago are in a flourishing condition, showing that timber can be grown and will
prove valuable both as a commercial article and as an assistant preventive of drought.”

October, 1888.—Bismarck: Weather very dry. No rain since September 19.

May, 1891.—Drought prevailed. Crops in bad condition previous to 18th and 19th. Drought broken on these
dates.

.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

°

July, 1877.—Olivet: Drought injurious to vegetation.

April, 1879.—Yankton: Wheat suffering. *

February, 1882.—Deadwood: Small precipitation of past two months has caused scarcity of water in city and
rural districts. :

July, 1886.—Aberdeen: Hot winds and unusually warm weather have prevailed in this vicinity for past week.
Much damage to wheat. Estimated crop, not more than half the average, as very little rain has fallen during past
month. Huron: Ground dry; grain and grass suffering.

May, 1887.—Parxston: Month has been hot and dry. Grain crop seriously injured.

July, 1887.—Parkston: Rain unevenly distributed during month. Some places, abundant; others, only a few
miles distant, little rain. Fort Sully: Extremely dry weather has done considerable injury to crops.

October, 1887.—Parkston: Precipitation unusually small and ground very dry. Webster: Very dry, rainfall
about 70 per cent below the normal. Fort Randall: Rainfall over 70 per cent below the normal.

General remarks on drought of past six months: The very serious drought which prevailed from May to Sep-
tember in Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri was slightly ameliorated in
northern Wisconsin during October, but the condition of affairs at the end of the month was still serious, as appears
from extracts elsewhere. The commencement of this drought was in April last, during which month less than‘50
per cent of the average precipitation fell in southern Michigan and Wisconsin, northern Illinois, the southwestern
part of Iowa, and the northwestern part of Missouri.

During May a precipitation slightly above the average fell over a belt of country about 60 miles wide, extending
from Cincinnati, Ohio, and Frankfort, Ky., westward to Indiana and Mlinois, including the immediate valley of the
Missouri River as far as Jefferson -City; elsewhere in the States previously named the precipitation was largely
deticient, especially in Iowa, Illinois, and the northern half of Michigan, where the percentage ranged from 20 to 50
of the average rainfall. 7 \

In June the area over which less than half the diel rain fell comprised Iowa, Illinois, southern Wisconsin,
sonthwestern Michigan, and northwestern Indiana. Throughout the section named only from one-tenth to one-titth
of the usual rainfall for June occurred in many places.
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 29

During July a slight excess of rainfall fell over the northern half of the lower peninsula of Michigan and cen-
tral Wisconsin, but throughout the rest of the drought-stricken States, the precipitation generally ranged from 50
to 80-per cent of the average, except in Ohio, southern Indiana, southeastern Illinois, the western parts of Iowa, and
Missouri, where the amount of rain in some cases was only trom 15 to 30 per cent of the mean.

During August slight excesses fell in western Iowa, western Wisconsin, and the northern part of Hlinois;
throughout the rest of the drought district the rainfall was generally from one half to three-fourths of the average,
but in the greater part of Michigan, as well as in the southern part of Illinois, the amount was less than one-half
the mean.

In September the greater part of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois, and the extreme southern part of
Michigan was relieved by rainfall slightly in excess of the average, bnt the remaining States still suffered from a
deficiency for the month, which in the northern part of Michigan ranged from one-sixth to one-half the usnal amount.

The condition of affairs has improved materially in Wisconsin during October, where a slight excess of precipi-
tation has fallen, In Michigan, Iowa, the greater part of Illinois, and Indiana the drought is aggravated, as the
precipitation has only been from one-third to three-fourths of the usual amount, while in the valley of the Ohio and
of the Mississippi, from Cairo to Quincy, the amonnt of rainfall has been exceedingly small, not averaging more
than 20 per cent for that district and ranging from 10 to 30 per cent,

During the six months from May to October, inclusive, the rainfall has been largely deficient over Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and parts of Minnesota and Dakota, and eastern
Nebraska and southeastern Kansas. Less thin one-half the usual amouut of rainfall during these months has fallen
in central Ohio and at certain points ou the immediate banks of the Ohio River, from Louisville to Cairo, inclusive.
Similar local deficiencies, averaging more than 50 per cent, occurred near Springfield, Il]., Webster, Dak., and La-
crosse, Wis. Less than three-fourths of the average amount of rain has fallen during these five nyonths from Mich-
igan, Ohio, and Kentucky westward to include Missouri and Iowa.

Unless an excess of rainfall occurs duriug November these States must suffer, owing to the small amount of
water which fel] during the first of the season, as streams and wells must fail and the ground itself be in such a dry
condition as to interfere, more or less materially with the winter wheat or the early spring crops.

April, 1888.—Yankton: Rain of 27th benefited crops, which were suticring from drought.

July, 1888.—Yankton: Protracted drought caused damage to small grain. Drought broken by heavy rains
on 13th.

September, 7888.—Huron: Rain much needed for fall work. Ground has not been dry to such great depth in
nine years.

October, 1888.—Woonsocket: Owing to very dry weather plowing has been delayed to greater extent than dur-
ing the last cialis years.

June, 1889.—Parkston: Ground intensely dry; all vegetation withering. Such drought has not existed in this
section since its settlement. Spearfish: Last half of month very hot and dry. Where there was no irrigation crops
of small grain suffered considerably. Wolsey: Rainfall for month below the average; vege tation suffering. Woon-
socket: Continued dry weather; wheat and oats materially damaged. z

August, 1889.—Fort Sully: Continued dry weather has injured corn, oats, and other late crops. Woonsocket:
Ground drier than for past eight years. Corn, that promiseda full crop on Ist of month, will not yield more than
one-third. Oats and barley suitered considerable damage. Huron: Long, protracted drought, felt on 5th, has
become very serious. Late crops much injured. Corn can not mature. Wells running dry. Dakota River lower
than ever known before.

September, 1889.—Yort Sully: Corn crop completely parched by continued dry weather. .

April, 1890.—Huron: Continued drought damaging sprouting grain.

July, 1890.—W oonsocket: Ground exceedingly dry. Wells hecoming dry. All crops unusually light. Huron:
Drought and hot wiuds had a bad effect upon late crops. Webster: Vegetation suffering.

August, 1890.—Late crops reported injured.

September, 1890.—Wolsey and Woonsocket: Streams and wells reported going dry; ground drier than in ten
years.

October, 1890.—Woonsocket: Drought continued during month. Very little plowing was done.

May, 1891.—Drought prevailed. Crops in bad condition previous to 18th and 19th. Drought broken on these
dates.

July, 1891,—East central South Dakota: Month very dry. Crops damaged.

September, 1891.—Very dry weather prevailed.

The following statement relative to “the great drought,” from 1887 to 1891 over the western
and northern plains, is extracted from the Sioux City Journal, Sioux City, Iowa, December, 1801:

It may now be said that the great drought, which for several years atflicted the interior of the continent, a large
portion of the Rocky Mountain region as well as the whole Mississippi Valley, has been broken. ‘The extent and
severity of the great drought have not been generally understood.

The drought began as early as 1887 and was not generally checked till the winter of 1890 and 1891. It reached.
its climax in the season of 1890, when the wheat crop of the United States was cut down almost 100,000,000 bushels
below the preceding year, which latter itself had been greatly shortened by drought; the corn crop, 600,000,000
bushels; the oat crop, 230,000,000 bushels, and other great crops, like hay, potatoes, etc., in similar degree.
30 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

The drought was felt through all these years, in varying degrees of severity, from the Gulf coast northward over
all the States bordering the Mississippi and Missouri rivers far into the British Possessions. It shortened crops in’
Illinois and Iowa materially, and it was more severe in Kentucky, Tennessee, and especially in Arkansas and large
portious of Missouri.

But the fierce brunt of the drought fell upon that vast strip of plain country which lies west of the ninety-sev-
enth meridian of longitude, including the western two-thirds of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas,
Indian Territory, New Mexico, aud the major portion of the great State of Texas. Throughout this region the .
drought was general, although much more severe in one locality than in another. In extensive areas crops were
total failures, and even in other areas which are exclusively devoted to grazing grass was almost burned up and
water disappeared. In many places where the Government surveys have marked the meanderings of extensive lakes
or marshes, as in some localities in South Dakota, and where such had been known to exist up to 1887, the water
totally disappeared.

It was the greatest drought which the record of half acentury in that region gives any intimation of. There has
been nothing comparable with it. Its results were far-reaching. They were the more serious because for a period
of several*years prior to 1887 immigration had been pouring into the region west of the ninety-seventh meridian.
Nearly all the settlers were poor, the inajority very poor. They had come in quest of Government land, in most cases
with barely means more than to effect a settlement. They were borrowers. For a period of several years loan com-
panies sold an immense number of loans on these settlements to people living in all the States to the East, and very
largely to people living in New England. The loans went into improvements, into farm machinery, and into other
means for cultivating the land.

Under such circumstances, even if there had not been others to aggravate the situation, a drought exteniling
over a series of years could not fail to be disastrous. Year after year in some localities the settlers suffered total
loss of crops and were deprived not only of the means of repaying the money they had borrowed, but even of sub-
sistence. At length some became so discouraged as to abandon their settlements. Those who had loaned money to
the settlers suffered with them, often neither principal nor interest being paid. It was not understood in the Kast
that an extraordinary drought was in progress, and the country got a hard name, which attached not only to the
stricken districts, but also to regions where the effect was not so severely felt. Capital ceased to move towards the
settlers and began to be withdrawn to the extent possible.

In Missouri, [linois, and Iowa, and in similar communities, where for the most part the drought was not so
severe, the people, by their longer establishment and accumulations, were incomparably better prepared to endure
it. There were some regions, of course, which were more fortunate than the country generally. The one which
suffered least in the United States was a comparatively narrow belt on both sides of the Missouri River in north-
western Missouri and extending north along the boundary between Jowa and Nebraska, gradually broadening to its
greatest width, which included the northeastern counties of Nebraska and a number of counties of Dakota and
northwestern Iowa, the central point of which is Sioux City. Drought, indeed, shortened crops even here, but the
peculiarity of the soil, the great depth of the fine, spongy, friable soil, free from stratified rocks, greatly modified
the injurious effects, so that nowhere else in all those years was there so high an average yield as here.

Outside of southwestern Texas and extensive portions of New Mexico, this extraordinary drought was broken in
the winter of 1890-91. There were copious rains, followed by a heavy, general snowfall, which melted away grad-
ually late in the spring, Frequent rain showers occurred all through the season, filling up the old marsh and lake
beds. The result was the prodigious crops of every kind which the whole interior of the continent, the region west
as well as the region east of the ninety-seventh mer idian, produced in 1891. :

Heavy rains last fall and early in the winter have not only again saturated the earth throughout the West and
made absolutely sure a crop this year, but have also shown that the last vestige of the drought period has disappeared
and the West has entered upon a cycle of abundant moisture.

TEMPERATURE.

The distribution of temperature and its relation to other meteorological elements in forming
part of the subject-matter of the brief climatological study in this report is treated of in fifteen charts, .
forty-two diagrams, and twenty-one separate tabulations, referred to as Appendices Nos. 40 to 79
inclusive, and 99 to 140, inclusive. The data in Appendices 40 to 45 and 67 to 79, inclusive, con-
stitute, the basis of analytical study under this head. The monthly and annual means are
expressed in the nearest degree and this rule has been followed in the preparation of all tables of
temperature values. Fractions of a degree to the amount of' five-tenths or less have been neg-
lected, but those equaling or exceeding six-tenths have been considered as integers. “Greater
refinement is not justified by the character of the data or the scope of the discussion.

In the presentation of monthly means and extremes of temperature broken records of a month
or more are given, in addition to those of long and continuous periods of observation. The latter,
of course, are the more valuable, but within a region of such vast extent as that embraced by the
Dakotas, and where the distribution of stations, together with the length of records, has been so
inadequate, it has seemed very desirable and even absolutely necessary to submit all data of sutii-
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS, ~— 31

cient value to fairly determine a single monthly mean or extreme. In publications of this character
it has usually been the policy to neglect temperature and precipitation values where the records at
any station fell short of acomplete year. The thirteen charts of monthly and average temperatures
have been prepared without the usual employment of isometric lines. The reason for this, as set
forth under precipitation (see page 12), regarding the monthly and annual charts of rainfall, will
apply in the case of temperature.

Temperature data are submitted from selected stations (see Appendix No. 41) from regions sur-
rounding the Dakotas, especially to the north and south. Comparisons under such conditions
serve to disclose some of the peculiarities of climatology characteristic of the Northern Plains.
From a study of the distribution of average temperature in the Dakotas, as shown upon the monthly
charts, and from an investigation of the distinctive features of thermometric conditions as exhib-
ited by the various tabulations, the following are some of the conclusions and statements which
may be offered:

1. The higher average temperature of South Dakota, due to latitude and independent of
elevation.

2. The high average temperature of the Black Hills in winter and the low average of summer,
as compared with the remainder of South Dakota. This mountain region is protected by heavy
forésts from the high and dry, cold winds which sweep the more exposed portions of the territory.
These differences apply also to the maximum and minimum temperatures, and to the ranges,
monthly, annual, and mean annual.

3. The average monthly temperature of North Dakota, computed from fifteen statious, ranges
from 3° in January to 70° in July, the extremes varying from —3° at Richardton and Fort Pembina
(St. Vincent, across the river, —6°) in January to 71° at Fort Stevenson and 75° at Fort Rice in
July. The Red River Valley is both the warmest region in summer and the coldest in winter
in North Dakota. The James River Valley comes next, followed by the Missouri Valley.

4, The average monthly temperature in South Dakota, computed from eighteen stations,
ranges from 13° in January to 72° in July, the extremes varying from 3° at Fort Sisseton and 4°
at Webster in January to 75° a‘ Fort Sully and 76° at Fort Randall and Vermillion in July. The
coldest portion of South Dakota is found in the extreme northeast and the warmest in the Mis-
souri. Valley. The extreme eastern portion of the State is colder in winter and spring than in the
Black Hills, but much warmer in the summer. The James River Valley is, next after the Missouri
Valley, the warmest portion of South Dakota.

5. North and South Dakota approach within about 2° of each other during the summer, but
diverge to the extent of 4° to 10° in autumn and winter, North Dakota being colder. In the dry
season, October to March, inclusive, they diverge about 7°, and in the wet season, April to Sep-
tember, inclusive, they are about equal. Considering the dry season to include September to March
inclusive, the divergence is still 7°, but in the wet season, April to August, inclusive, they chan er
from equality to a difference of 2°. Narrowing down the dry season to four months, November to
February, inclusive, the divergence is still about 7°. Extending the wet season to eight months
April to March, inclusive, the divergence increases to about 4°. Comparing the wettest period of
the year, May to August, inclusive, the divergence remains steady at about 2° It is then evident
that the mean temperature of the dry season is controlled by the four winter months (Novem.
ber to February, inclusive), the driest period of the year, and that the mean temperature of the wet
season is controlled by the four summer months (May to August. inclusive), the wettest period of
the year. (See Appendices Nos. 5, 40, 41, and 54 to 57 inclusive.)

6. The mean annual range of temperature in North Dakota varies from 132° at Bismarck to
141° at Fort Buford. The extremes vary from 116° at Fort Buford to 151° at Fort Yates and Fort
Pembina, and 154° at Fort Buford. In South Dakota the mean annual range of temperature
varies from 116° at Deadwood and 119° at Yankton to 132° at Fort Sully, and 138° at Webster
The extremes vary from 103° at Fort Randall and 106° at Deadwood to 145° at Fort Randall nil
146° at Webster. The annual ranges of temperature are greatest in North Dakota reaching a
maximum in the Red River Valley and in the extreme northwest portion. The least Te gES are in
the Black Hills and the Missouri Valley of South Dakota. Compared with adjacent contig it is
found that the district of maximum annual range embraces northeastern Montana and the Susleats
32 ' CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.
chewan Valley. The largest ranges are reported from Poplar River, Mont., 159°, Medicine Hat,
British America, 158°; and Fort Assinniboine, Mont., 157°. (See Appendix No. 47.)

7. The mean monthly range of temperature in North Dakota varies from 47° at Fort Totten in
July to 80° at Fort Buford in January. In South Dakota the range varies from 45° at Yankton
and 47° at Deadwood, in July, to 83° at Webster and 86° at Fort Meade, in February. The
monthly ranges during winter are considerably the highest in South Dakota and occur later in the
season. (See Appendix No. 48.)

8. The mean daily temperature ranges are quite uniform in both States and throughout the
year. The least ranges are found in the Black Hills with a mean annual of 21°, and the extremes
varying from 18° in December and 19° in April to 23° in January. Generally the highest daily
ranges occur in both States from July to October inclusive, and vary from 20° to 29°, the highest
being in northwest North Dakota and the lowest in the Black Hills. (See Appendix No. 49.)

9. The maximum daily ranges of temperature vary in North Dakota from 30° at Bismarck, in
July, to 57° at the same station in January, and 55° at Fort Bufordin February. In South Dakota
they vary from 25° at Deadwood in March and 27° at Yankton in June to 54° at Huron, in De-
cember, and 55° at Deadwood in January. (See Appendix No. 50.)

10. The minimum daily ranges in North Dakota vary from 1° at Bismarck in December and
at Fort Buford in May to 18° at Bismarck in June and 21° at Fort Yates in August. In South
Dakota they vary from 1° at Fort Sully in December to 13° at Deadwood in June and 17° at
Huron in the same month. (See Appendix No. 51.)

' 11. The mean daily variability of temperature (the change which takes place in the daily mean
temperature from one day to another, independent of increase or diminution of temperature, and
the best test of equability) varies, on the average, in both States from 4° during June to August
inclusive, to 9° in January and February. The extremes vary from 4° in the Missouri Valley, J ~>
to August, inclusive, to 10° in the Red River Valley in January and February. (See App:

No. 53.

12, The extreme maximum temperatures in North Dakota range from 101° at Fort Pem’ ->
in August, 1886, to 110° at Fort Rice in July, 1871, and at Fort Abraham Lincoln in August, 18, 4
In South Dakota they range from 101° at Brookings i in July, 1888, to 112° at Fort Randall in July,
1874, Forest City, August, 1891, and Smithville, August, 1881, ta 114° at Fort Sully in July, 1°7 | os
In bathe States the maximum temperatures rise above 100° hone June to September, inclu!
occurring most frequently in South Dakota and in the central portion of that State. The lowesu
extreme maximum temperatures are found in the Red River Valley and in the Black Hills. (See
Appendix No. 65.)

13. The extreme minimum temperatures in North Dakota range from —34° at Fort [*- ..
December, 1871, to —51° at Fort Pembina in January, 1888, and —54° at Fort Stevenson .n De.
cember, 1879, and —55° at the same station in January, 1881. In South Dakota they range frou.
—32° at Deadwood in February, 1883, to —44° at Fort Randall in January, 1875, at Webste
in January, 1887, and —45° at Fort Sisseton in December, 1880. In both States the minimw
temperatures fall below zero from November to March, inclusive. In North Dakota the month
of October and April are included in this record of low ‘toy arate, especially in the Red Rive:
Valley. Fort Pembina, N. Dak., and St. Vincent, Minn., just across the river, are the only
stations where the annual csenMine temperature falls below zero, the lowest record being —4° at
Fort Pembina in 1875 and 1887, and at St. Vincent in 1887. (See Appendix No. 66.)

14. The time of occurrence of first killing frost in North Dakota ranges from August 4
(Napoleon, 1890) te September 30 (Fort Buford and Fort Totten, 1884). The time of occurrence of
last killing frost ranges from March 17 (Steele, 1890) to June 24 (Fort Totten, 1887). (See Ap-
pendix No. 63.)

15. The time of occurrence of first killing frost in South Dakota ranges from August 22 (St.
Lawrence, Webster, and Woonsocket, 1890) to October 21 (Yankton, 1884). The time of occur
rence of last killing frost ranges from April 7 (Fort Sully, 1888) to June 22 (Huron, 1885).
(See Appendix No. 64.)

16. The coldest weather prevails in North Dakota and throughout the territory east of the
Missouri, the lowest average temperatures being reported from the Red River Valley. In summer
the Missouri Valley receives the maximum amount of heat.
        

Cn Ldeal Typical Chart of Monthly Irerage Barometric Pressure

Indicative’ ot @inormally Cold Weather uthe Dakotas sor fron
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An Ldeal Typical Chart of Monthly GrerageBarometric Pressure
Indicative of CbnormallyWarmWeather ithe Dakotas tor trom
/to 2. Months, November to Marcy indusrve.

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CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 33

17. From an examination of the distribution of temperature over the Northern plains,
Manitoba, and Hudson Bay Territory, it is evident that eastern North Dakota lies within the
southwest quadrant of the area of maximum cold in the interior of the continent, and that with
northeastern Montana and northwestern Minnesota it forms the region of greatest cold in the
United States. : :

18. The marked increase in temperature west of the one hundred and eighth meridian, even as
far north as the fifty-fifth parallel, shows the influence of the high northerly path of warm low-
pressure areas from the Pacific. These disturbances rapidly diminish in intensity as they pro-
gress eastward, reaching the maximum effect in this particular, from loss of heat and moisture, at
about the one hundredth meridian, when they begin to develop renewed energy through the influ-
ence of these elements brought by the southerly winds from the Gulf.

19. The Dakotas, Minnesota, and Montana lie within the region over which the most pro-
nounced areas of high pressure descend from the interior of British America. These highs appear
to produce their maximum effect, from the cold, dry air of the upper atmosphere, over the region
from Hudson Bay southwestward to northern Montana, northern Dakota, and northern Minnesota,
and thence eastward north of the forty-seventh parallel.

20. North Dakota and northeast South Dakota are subjected to the coldest winds, and those
of the highest velocity, which tend to remove the snow from exposed and cultivated lands and
deprive them of the protection afforded by such a covering.

21. The distribution of temperature is governed very largely by the distribution of atmos-
pheric pressure. Abnormal periods of heat and cold depend broadly upon the average latitude of
areas of low barometric pressure in transit over the Dakotas. These facts are graphically set forth
in Appendices Nos. 99 to 138, inclusive, and in Nos. 147 to 158, inclusive. The cumulative effect of
warm and cold periods, under the influence pf the distribution of atmospheric pressure, is graph-
ically shown in Appendices Nos. 58 to 61, inclusive. The warm periods for the months of January,
1889, 1891, and February, 1886, show a total excess of temperature of over 400°. During these
months the average latitude of areas of low pressure was considerably north of the forty-ninth
parallel, thus bringing over the Dakotas, by meaus of cyclonic circulation, the warmer air of the
Gulf and Mississippi Valley. A corresponding effect from the cold periods is shown for the months
of January, 1886, 1887, and February, 1887, when the total deficiency of temperature amounted
to over 400°. During these periods the average latitude of areas of low pressure was south of the
forty-seventh parallel, which had the effect of carrying over the Dakotas, from British America,
an abnormal quantity of cold, dry air by means of anticyclonic circulation, A comparison of the
attendant conditions of these warm and cold periods brings to view a remarkable compensating
effect in the annual distribution of temperature and disposes of the theory of permanent climatic
changes.

92. The relation established between the distribution of temperature and that of barometric
pressure in the development and progressive movement of low-pressure areas, as shown hy the
charts and tables for warm and cold periods (Appendices Nos. 58 to 61, inclusive), may be applied
to the demonstration of the causes giving rise to the occurrence of any abnormally warm or cold
month of. the year.

23. As to the more remote but yet more important causes, because forming the basis of fore-
knowledge as to the probable occurrence of warm and cold periods, the study of mean monthly
barometric pressure would seem to justify the preparation of the accompanying ideal typical
chart. An explanation of the construction of these charts is furnished under the bead of “ Pre-
cipitation” (see page 12), where similar ones are submitted in connection with the forecasting of dry
and wet periods.

A distribution of average barometric pressure, giving rise to the formation of a pronounced
HIGH over the Plateau and Rocky Mountain regions, will generally result in diverting the major-
ity of the paths of all low-pressure areas to the northward of the forty-seventh parallel and
result in carrying over the Dakotas the much warmer air of lower latitudes, giving rise to abnor-
mally warm weather. If, on the contrary, the barometric pressure remains abnormally high over
Manitoba and Hudson Bay Territory the low-pressure areas are diverted southward below the
Bo parallel, and the attendant system of atmospheric circulation gives rise to a prepon-

. Ex, 157—-5
34 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

derance of cold air over the Dakotas, with abnormally low temperatures. If, for example, the
mnean isobars of November develop the warm-weather type, abnormally high temperatures (usu-
ally warm days in periods of 2 to 5) may be reasonably expected in December and January fol-
lowing. If the type chart appears in January, then the warm periods may be expected in Febru-
ary and March. A similar explanation applies to the occurrence of cold-weather types.

24, The general direction of low-pressure areas over the Dakotas and adjacent regions to the
north and south, as illustrated on the Monthly Storm Track Charts, Appendices Nos. 147 to 158,
inclusive, explain the occasion for the continued alternation of warm and cold periods and the
occurrence of extraordinary extremes oftemperature. The direction of progressive movement's so
nearly due east and west that atmospheric circulation over the Dakotas is practically confined to
either northerly or southerly winds. Under such circumstances the tendency to extremes of tem-
perature is very strong and must result in a peculiar effect upon the industrial interests of the two
States. It is hopeless to expect any radical change in the atmosphere itself, but the surface of the
country in relation thereto, may be modified by cultivation, irrigation, and the growth of forests so
as to diminish the effect of abnormal and destructive weather changes. In the protection of con-
siderable areas of land it would appear advisable to plant the trees in comparatively narrow strips,
extending east and west. They would not only diminish evaporation from the soil over the pro-
tected area, and thus lessen the range of temperature, but by interrupting the course of the winds
destroy their effect in developing and maintaining extremes of temperature aud abnormal evap-
oration.

25. The annual distribution of temperature over the Dakotas, as shown by the records fora
long series of years, a tabulation of which appears in Appendix No. 56, develops no well-estab-
lished cycle, perhaps because the records are not sufficiently extensive and uniform as to the
length of the period of observation. From an exanination of the annual sums there appears some
evidence of the existence of two and three-year cycles of temperature changes, the latter being
practically confined to excess of temperature (warm periods) and the former to deficiency of tem-
perature (cold periods). This resufts in an apparent increase in temperature in North Dakota of
about 2° in the past 30 years, while in South Dakota during the past 33 years the records appear
to show a deficiency of about 1°. Ifthe records were satisfactory in all respects we might say
that the Dakotas have been gradually growing warmer since about 1860, North Dakota taking
the lead. The tabulation appears to indicate that the alternation of warm and cold periods is so
evenly balanced and of such short duration that all tendency to permanent excesses or deficien-
cies is prevented. There is also developed the important fact that the yearly departures are often
very sharp and considerable, illustrating one of the characteristic features of the climatology of
the Dakotas.

It is necessary that the climatology of every State, or larger arcas having uniform climatic con-
ditions, should be thoroughly investigated and discussed before satisfactory comparisons in impor-
tant details, affecting animal and plant life, can be made in a comparative study of the whole
country.

CONCLUSION.

In a brief summarization of final deductive results the following are submitted as some of
the lessons which may be drawn from this investigation:

1. The Dakotas must resort to an extensive system of irrigation.

Forests must be preserved and extensive reforestation adopted.

Increase the number of rainfall stations and make the reports accurate aud continuous.
. If there are great local variations in rainfall they should be carefully investigated.
Increase the area covered with vegetation.

6. Pursue some method in cultivating the soil whereby the snowfall may be prevented from
drifting away under the influence of the winds. Plowing shallow ditches every few rods or the
growing of hedges every few hundred yards might accomplish the object sought.

7. The distribution of temperature and precipitation in the Black Hills furnishes an instruc-
tive lesson as to the influence of forests on climate.

Bowe

ot
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 35

8. The distribution of precipitation throughout the year, while favorable, in a measure, to
agricultural interests, is too small in the aggregate to prevent the occurrence of severe droughts,
ee in North Dakota and the central portion of South Dakota.

. The snowfall is too light and the winds are too heavy to secure from this form of precipita-
tion ae if any, protection to crops.

* 10. The precipitation of spring and summer compares favorably with the moist regions of the
Central Mississippi and Ohio valleys, but the precipitation of autumn and winter shows a pro-
nounced deficiency, which makes the average of these seasons less than in the arid regions of the
Middle Plateau.

11. The geographical position of the Dakotas is such, relative to the path of atmospheric
disturbances between the Pacific and the Atlantic, near the forty-ninth parallel, that no impor-
tant permanent change can reasonably be expected in the amount and distribution of their pre-
cipitation.

12. The withering effect of the hot, dry southerly winds may be obviated, in a measure, by
spraying plants and trees with water and irrigating the soil beneath them.

13. The Dakotas lie within what is called the “subhumid region,” a mean condition between
the arid and moist regions of the country, where agriculture can hardly be conducted without
years of drought succeeding years of prosperity, and where irrigation from artesian wells ae
storage reservoirs must be resorted to in order to. tide over the unpropitious seasons.

14, A careful hydrographic survey of the Dakotas should be made in order to obtain dill
and exhaustive information on the subject of evaporation, in connection with the supply and dis-
tribution of precipitation, and the establishment of a satisfactory system of irrigation.

15. Every feasible means*of checking evaporation must be adopted. Wind-breaks of trees or
hedges may be employed to this end. Becquerel has ascertained that a hedge 6 feet in height
will afford protection to the surrounding soil a distance of 70 feet. Experiments have shown that
a narrow belt of trees, every 300 to 1,000 feet, according to the character of the soil and the kind
of vegetation, will offer protection from the drying effect of winds.

16. The meteorological and physical features of the Dakotas are such that under the influence
of settlement and the consequent development of agriculture changes are effected which tend to
the rapid dissipation of the moderate rainfall, through absorption and evaporation. Irrigation
and reforestation are the only remedies.

17, The creation of lakes, ponds, and rivers in the Dakotas, with the expectation of thereby
increasing the amount of local evaporation, and that a corresponding increase in precipitation will
follow over the same region, is hardly justified by the meteorological records. Precipitation over
the Dakotas is not the result of local influences. It has been shown that the controlling influence
in precipitation comes from a vast system of cyclonic circulation or atmospheric eddies passing
across the country near the forty-ninth parallel, absorbing moisture from the waters of the Pacific,
the snowbeds of the Rockies and Sierra Nevadas, and the warm waters of the Gulf.

18. Prairie fires should be prevented, as they increase evaporation by setting up convection
currents in the atmosphere and augmenting the drying effect of the usual winds.

19. Both Dakotas need a greater variety of wind currents. The abnormal excess of northerly
and southerly winds is productive of destructive extremes in temperature and evaporation.

20. As the population of the two States increase the deleterious effect from deficiency in pre-
cipitation and high evaporation must become inore severe unless overcome by the employment of
irrigation. Mr. J. J. Cushing, of Ashton, 8. Dak., testified before the Senate Committee on Irri-
gation in 1889 as follows: :

In Dakota Territory the best calculation for the last two years places the loss at $25,000,000 a year from the fail-
ure of its water supply.

21 The occurrence of drought_in the Dakotas bears such a close relation to the distribution
of atmospheric pressure over the north-central portion of the United States that it becomes an
inevitable result unless obviated through the intervention of artificial influences.
Appenpix No. 1.

 

List of Appendices.

No. 1.—Classified list of appendices.

No. 2.—Chronological list of stations, with latitude, longitude, and elevation, length and character of record, for
North Dakota and South Dakota.

No. 3.—Chart: Geographical list of stations.

No. 4.—Monthly and annual precipitation.

No. 5.—Normal monthly and annual precipitation. t

No. 6.—Monthly and annual precipitation averages from certain selected stations,

No. 7.—Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow.

No. 8.—Amounts of unmelted snow on ground (inches) at end of month.

No. 9.—Monthly average number of rainy days.

No. 10.—Percentage of probability of rainy days,
No. 11.—Monthly average number of clear days.
No. 12.—Average snowfall in inches (Manitoba).

. 13.—Average snowfall in inches (British Columbia).

No. 14.—Mean annual precipitation with annual and mean annual deviation in inches,
No. 15.—Excessive precipitation (North Dakota).

No. 16.—Excessive precipitation (South Dakota).

No. 17.—Seasonal precipitation normals: Quarterly values.

. 18.—Seasonal precipitation normals: Dry season, winter; wet season, spring, summer, and autumn.

.19.—Seasonal precipitation normals: Dry season, winter, spring, and autumn; wet season, summer.

. 20.—Seasonal precipitation normals: Dry season, October to March, inclusive; wet season, April to September,
inclusive.

. 21.—Dry periods, May, June, and August, 1889: Deficiency of precipitation (table).

No, 22.—Dry periods, May, June, and August, 1889: Deficiency of precipitation (chart).

No. 23.—Dry periods, May, June, and July, 1886: Deficiency of precipitation (table).

No. 24.—Dry periods, May, June, and July, 1886: Deficiency of precipitation (chart).

No. 25.—Wet periods: Excess of precipitation (table).

No. 26.—Wet periods: Excess of precipitation (chart).

No. 27.—Chart:
No. 28.—Chart:
No. 29.—Chart:
No. 30.—Chart:
No. 31.—Chart:
No. 32.—Chart:
No. 33.—Chart:
No. 34.—Chart:
No. 35.—Chart:
No. 36.—Chart:
No. 37.—Chart:
No. 38.—Chart:
No. 39.—Chart:

Monthly average precipitation (January).
Monthly average precipitation (February).
Monthly average precipitation (March).
Monthly average precipitation (April).
Monthly average precipitation (May).
Monthly average precipitation (June).
Monthly average precipitation (July).
Monthly average precipitation (August).
Monthly average precipitation (September).
Monthly average precipitation (October).
Monthly average precipitation (November),
Monthly average precipitation (December).
Annual average precipitation.

No. 40.—Monthly and annual temperatures.

No. 41.—Monthly and annual temperatures for stations of longest record.

No. 42.—Temperature normals, 1881 to 1890. Computed from mean of the maximum and minimum readings of self-
registering instruments.

No. 43.—Temperature normals, 1879 to 1886: 7 a.M.,3 and 11 P.M. observations.

No. 44.—Temperature normals, 1881 to 1889: Synchronous observations.

No. 45.—Monthly and annual mean temperatures from selected stations.

No. 46.—Mean annual temperature, with annual and mean annual deviations.

No. 47.—Annual maximum and minimum temperature, and mean annual range of temperature,

No. 48.—Average monthly absolute range of temperature.
38 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

No. 49.—Monthly and annual mean daily temperature ranges.

No. 50.—Greatest daily range of temperature with monthly and annual averages in North Dakota,

No, 51,—Least daily range of temperature with monthly and annual averages in North Dakota.

No. 52.—Monthly and annual mean maximum temperature.

No. 53.—Monthly and annual mean daily variability of temperature.

No. 54.—Seasonal temperature normals: Quarterly values.

No. 55.—Seasonal temperature normals: Dry season, winter; wet season, spring, summer, and autumn.

No. 56.—Seasonal temperature normals: Dry season; winter, spring, and autumn; wet season, summer.

No. 57.—Seasonal temperature normals: Dry season October to March, inclusive; wet season, April to September,

inclusive.

No. 58.—Warm periods: Excess of temperature, February, 1886, and January, 1889, and 1891 (table).

No. 59.—Warm periods: Excess of temperature, February 1886, January, 1889, and 1891 (chart).

No. 60.—Cold periods: Deficiency of temperature, January, 1886 and 1887, and February, 1887 (table).

No. 61.—Cold periods: Deticiency of temperature, January, 1886 and 1887, and February, 1887 (chart).

No. 62.—Number of days on which the temperature was 90° or above.

No. 63.—Dates of first and last killing frosts (North Dakota).

No. 64.—Dates of first and last killing frosts (South Dakota).

No. 65.—Monthly and annual absolute maximum temperatures.

No. 66.—Monthly and annual absolute minimum temperatures.

No. 67.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (January).

No. 68.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (February).

No. 69.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (March).

No. 70.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (April).

No. 71.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (May).

No. 72.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (June).

No. 73.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (July).

No. 74.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (August), -

No. 75.—Chart; Monthly average temperatures (Septembcr),

No. 76.—Chart; Monthly average temperatures (October).

No. 77.—Chart: Monthly average temperatures (November).

No. 78.—Chart; Monthly average temperatures (December).

No. 79.—Chart: Annual average temperature.

No. 80.—Average maximum consecutive number of days without rain, including “traces.”

No. 81.—Average maximum consecutive number of days without rain, excluding “traces.” :

No. 82.—Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number®f days without “traces” of

precipitation and with them.

No. 83.—Depth of evaporation in inches, Piche evaporometer, for year ending June 30, 1888.

No. 84.—Monthly and annual mean relative humidity, expressed in per cent.

No. 85.—Mean cloudiness, expressed in per cent.

No. 86.—Clear weather (sunshine), expressed in per cent.

No. 87.—Average hourly yelocity of the wind.

No. 88.—Mean wind direction.

No. 89.—Average number of times northerly and southerly winds observed.

No. 90.—Average maximum wind velocities in miles per hour with prevailing dia

No. 91.—Monthly mean temperature of the dew point.

No. 92.—Normal absolute humidity.

No. 93.—Average yield per acre and price per bushel of grain, and average price per head of live stock,

No. 94.—Average condition, in percentages, of corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes, 1882-91.

No. 95.—Mean percentage of clear weather (sunshine). Manitoba.

No. 96.—Mean percentage of clear weather (sunshine). British Columbia.

No. 97.—Mean percentage of cloudiness. Manitoba.

No. 98.—Mean percentage of cloudiness. British Columbia.

No. 99.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Bismarck, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-
mal values. x

No. 100.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Fort Buford, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from
normal values.

No. 101.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Deadwood, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from
normal values.

No. 102.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Huron, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from normal
values.

No. 103.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Fort Sully, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from
normal values,

No. 104.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Yankton, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-
mal values.

1
No. 111.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. au

.105.—Dingram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

.106.— Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

.107.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

.108.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

. 109.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

values.

.110.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

normal values.

No. 112.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

mal values.

No. 113.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

.114.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

.115.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
mal values.

.116.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

.117.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
values. ,

.118.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

.119.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

. 120.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
mal values.

.121.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

.122.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

. 123.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
mal values.

. 124, —Diagram : Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

.125.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
values.

No. 126.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

No. 127.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

No. 128.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

mal values.

.129.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

. 130.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.

No. 131.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

No.

No.

No.

normal values.

132.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

133.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
values.

134.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
normal values.

. 135.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.

normal values.
. 136.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements.
mal values.

Moorhead, 1887.

Comparative curves of mouthly deviations from

St. Vincent, 1887. Comparative curves of monthly deviatious from

Bismarck, 1888.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Fort Buford, 1888. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Huron, 1888. Compurative curves of monthly deviations from normal

Rapid City, 1888. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Fort Sully, 1888. Compurative curves of monthly deviations from

Yankton, 1888. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-

Moorhead, 1888.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

St. Vincent, 1888. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Bismarck, 1889.

Compurative curves of monthly. deviations froin nor-

Fort Buford, 1889. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Huron, 1889, Comparative curves of monthly deviations from normal

~ Rapid City, 1889. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Fort Sully, 1889

. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Yankton, 1889. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-

Moorhead, 1889.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

St. Vincent, 1889. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Bismarck, 1890.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-

Fort Buford, 1890. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Huron, 1890. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from normal

Rapid City, 1890. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Fort Sully, 1890.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Yankton, 1890. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-

Moorhead, 1890.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

St. Vincent, 1890. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Bismarck, 1891.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Fort Buford, 1891. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Huron, 1891. Cu mparative curves of monthly deviations from normal

Rapid City, 1891. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Fort Sully, 1891.

Yankton, 1891.

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from

Comparative curves of monthly deviations from nor-
40
No.
No.
No.

No.
No.

No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.

‘CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

137.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. Moorhead, 1891. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from
normal values,

138.—Diagram: Miscellaneous elements. St. Vincent, 1891. Comparative curves of monthly deviations from
normal values.

139.—Diagram: Temperature.
and Minnesota.

140.—Diagram: Temperature. Comparative curves of seasonal deviations from normal values.

141.—Diagram: Precipitation> Comparative curves of seasonal deviations from normal values.
and Minnesota.

142.—Diagram: Precipitation. Comparative curves of seasonal deviations from normal values.

143.—Number of areas of low pressure.

144,—Average number of centers of low pressure passing within 150 miles of the station.

145.—Mean monthly actual barometric pressure.

Comparative curves of seasonal deviations from normal values. North Dakota

South Dakota.
North Dakota

South Dakota.

146.—Mean monthly reduced barometric pressure.

147.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (January). se
148.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (February).
149.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (March).

150.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (April).

151.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (May).

152.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (June).

153.—Chart: Storm tracks. 1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (July).

No. 154.—Chart:
No. 155.—Chart:
No. 156.—Chart:
No. 157.—Chart:
No. 158.—Chart:

Storm tracks.
Storm tracks.

Storm tracks.

Storm tracks.
Storm tracks,

1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (August).
1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (September),
1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (October).
1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (November).
1887-1888-1889-1890-1891 (December).
Apprnpix No. 2.

Chi'onological list of stations in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Minnesota, with
reference to location and to character and extent of meteorological observations.

The names are arranged
have been taken from the latest standard maps.

can be ascertained by reference to the tabulated data elsewhere in this report.

alphabetically without regard to geographical position. The latitude and longitude

In the case of broken records the extent of thé missing portions

The elevations above sea level have

been taken froin the Dictionary of Altitudes, U. 8. Geological] Survey, and from the Weather Bureau reports.

[Abbreviations: V.0., voluntary observer; W.B., Weather Bureau; U.S. P.H., United States post hospital.)

NORTH DAKOTA.

 

 

 
 

 

   

 

 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
     
 
     
      
     
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 

 
 

  

 

 

 

 

 

€ Eleva-
“ : tion
Station. Zi County. Tee) hon above
: \ : 7 sea

level.
oO Z
Abercrombie, Fort .......-..---.---- 2.0. 0------- 96 47
Abraham Lincoln, Fort 100 51
Bathgate ......-.---.---- Hatha ge lserals aoeeeres 97 28
Berthold, Fort 101 45
Bismarck........--.-..----- 100 48
Buford, Fort .. 103 56
Carrington -....-..--------- 99 07
Church’s Ferry -...-.-..---- 99 08
Davenport....---------.---- 97 03
Devils. Lake s scoss xs secemaex venues ceases ss 98 54
Dickinson eniie vgosniocsere: sseuods eckicsis oueea cis 100 45
Ellendale. - 98 32
Par Os oi2010.56 soisieccen ns 96 48
Farmington 96 43
GaN DEIN oa getcts. cored aieierems maleate neues 97 58
PT Seca aide tein sia wane Whee nee samereee 97 24
Grand Forks..... Rosai Hee 97 04
Grand Rapids cane0s veenes 98 20
Ope wasosco: sawsies seiese 97 42
Jamestown 98 40
97 OL
3 98 20
-| Cass ...........-. 96 45
MOLtON 50:25 Seietepc nee imate 100 52
Cavalier .......-- wierpleigtsictote 98 00
2 Wet: oi screctani cd ace inane cienide eeink 101 30
-| Logan ... ---| 99 38
New England City .| Billings ........ -| 102 57
Pembina - Pembina .......-- 97 10
Pembina, WOLG <i io.e:siesasaiciansrarstate saicratate actiaeransroters varararey| ols wie 0 wecicreisrstancversisraleen dieuses 97 03
POW Cl ac. socccsowecasmnseeas Richland 97 12
RAMBOM, OTE o)<.0:55.0e ajateceiaiase sista csaciete asiwinieere Sie seers, AW OUSOMM -..... siemaey asthe $086 SUBS ctikiene 97 55
Rice, Fort .... 96 53
RICDARCGOD, ccc carte eis aicic cotdniswrac ccwercsee vk veo) SbAPK ce cccese seme sesieey seieiccns -! 102 17
Sb. DOWNS se cccacocescuccncs eensins coeencee cage ROLE o..c vessce 99 45
St. Thomas --...- 97 26
Sanbort:.<o2e2ee00-s ceesesser ees ceeeecoves cecews: | BOIMeS pecoce ozs 48 12
-| Stutsman 98 49
GHEY CNN sscecceoce ctenhe dee ciwmetesemtasemse<t ICY canine ceoees 99 08
Spiritwood .-, Stutsman . 98 29
Steele -......--- -| Kidder -....-- 99 52
Stevenson, Fort.........-- Stevens -.---..-.- 101 28
PohaccovGarden s..cccitestincans sessorecsnconesd| TUMOR cco .n don keetiwe sense came see 103 36
ROUEN; HOPE 2.220 oie cmidiancintie ciseioiets eerie sugar cniecnce| JONSON. oc acj3.2 99 02
Valley City escecoee veseus expecuies sseeaessseseess| Varnes exccee nee 97 59
Wahpeton 96 38
Wild Rice 96 49
Will6 Wi @isy. 3: cccis secotins tecisn nase shane aeees Bottineau 100 15
Woodbridge ......--...----.--..---------+------| Cavalier 98 55

Natess MOtbiascccnwexcoas 2 ceckie coches ecasanse 3 Emmons 100 35 | 46 09 |........

: 41

8. Ex. 157-6
42

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

Chronological list of stations, ete.—Continued.

NORTH DAKOTA—Continued.

 

 

 

 

   

  

 

   

 
 
 
  

 

 

Record.
Station. Rainfall. Temperature. Authority.
From— oe la Character. | From— a Character.
Abercrombie, Fort ....-..- Aug., 1860) Oct., 1877] Broken....| Feb., 1859] Oct., 1877; Broken ...} U.S.P.H.
Abraham Lincoln, Fort -.| July, 1873 | July, 1891]....do..... July, 1873 | July, 1891)....do ....- U.S. P. H.
Bathgate ......2.....-.... Oct., 1891] Dec., 1891 | Complete .| Oct., 1891] Dec., 1891] Complete .| V. 0.
Berthold, Fort.........-. Sept., 1866| May, 1867) Broken ...| Sept., 1866| May, 1867]|....do .-..- U.S. P.H.
Bismarck ............---. Sept., 1874| Dec., 1891] Complete .| Oct., 1874] Dec., 1891|.-..do ..... W.B.
Buford, Fort..........--- Sept., 1866}-...do -.... Broken....| Sept., 1866 |....do ..... Broken.... Welly U.S. P.
Carrington ............-- Mar., 1889] Nov., 1891 |....do .-... Mar., 1889|....do ..... xe SAOi2 sicinte vV.O.
Church’s Ferry .-...----- June, 1891] Aug., 1891] Complete -| June, 1891} Aug., 1891| Complete .| V.O.
Davenport ...-.. -..----- Apr., 1888]..-.do ....- Broken....|Apr., 1888].-.-do ..... Broken....| V.O.
Devils Lake 2.2202 sscsyelecxwensscsics|sexcee oeee|eceees coe eee Jan., 1884] Apr., 1884} Complete .| V.0.
Dickinsons, o.s226 208% ees0 Nov., 1891] Nov., 1891} Complete .| Nov., 1891] Dec., 1891|....do..... V.O.
Ellendale..-.....-...-.-- Dec., 1890| Dec., 1891] Broken....| Dec., 1890|-...do .-...]. a lOl oceiesess V.O.
WAT S0isieenwecineisiocdnd ceaeia Dec., 1872|....do ..... sxec CO seens July, 1872]....do..--. Broken....| V.0O.
Farmington .......-..-.- June, 1888| June, 1888 | Complete .|............|...-..2.-22.].--222 eee eee V.O.
Gat ciecneexccre cites eee ec., 1889} Dec., 1891]....do ..... Feb., 1888] Dec., 1890| Broken vV.O.
Grafton .........2..----. Jan., 1891] Nov., 1891| Broken....| Jan., 1891] Dec., 1891]....do..... V.O.
Grand Forks. ........-.-- June, 1887) Dec.. 1891 |..-.do ..-.. eel Oles woe V.O.
Grand Rapids ...-...-.-- July, 1891]....do..... Complete . Complete .| V.0O.
FLOP Oy ss icissseielinsss svpeiwsciee June, 1891| Nov., 1891 |....do ..... J cer tO! sarbtajers V.O.
Jamestown ...-.....----- 4s oO) cco wie Dees; 1891,| Broke... 10] su. caiccmmas tera cniasevcte torts oll siceicion areispage v.O.
Kel8Osuiseceeree 2 os exeaae July, 1890} Oct., 1891 | Complete Complete .| V.O.
Lakota scscceoasvsav oa cees June, 1891]....do ..... satel se nra'e Broken ...} V.O.
Leech Farm .........-1-. Apr., 1888] Dec., 1889]....do ..... Complete .| V.O.
Main ats. sie steed aacstaress Aug., 1883] Mar., 1884 ]....do ....-. V.O.
Milton 2 .ciceresicen: vars vase Dec., 1891} Dec., 1891 ].-..do .-.-- V.O.
MinOtircca2de sities a dete|kgecreaats iam: [etc mnre a Sam eomedebe tes : , Complete .| V. 0.
Napoleon ............-... June, 1889| Dec., 1891} Broken.... es ' Broken ...| V.0.
New England City. ...--. July, 1888] Mar., 1891) Complete .| July, 1888] Mar., 1891, Complete .| V.O.
Pembina ......-.....---- Nov., 1872! Aug., 1880)....do ..... Nov., 1872] Aug., 1880'....do ..... W.B.
Pembina, Fort........... Aug., 1871) Dec., 1891} Broken....| Aug., 1871] Dec., 1891! Broken ...| U.S-P. TI.
Power.-...-.-.----.---2+- June, 1891|..-.do ..... Complete .| June, 1891]....do ..-..'-... C0 acces V.O.
Ransom, Fort.........--. ec., 1868] July, 1872|....do ..... ec., 1868) July, 1872! Complete | U.S.P. 4H.
Rice, Fort ..--...-----... July, 1868] Dec., 1878 | Broken....| July, 1868] Oct., 1878:....du ..... U.S. PLU.
Richardton .........-.... *eb., 1884 | July, 1888]....do..... Feb., 1884| July, 1888| Broken ..| V.0.
Sty JOWNG i.e acee voles ore Sept., 1891, Dec., 1891] Complete .| Sept., 1891] Dec., 1891' Complete | V.O.
St. Thomas .............. July, 1891}.-..do ..... 1a 0 Ogee as July, 1891|....do..... i....do0+....| V.0.
Sanborn.............-.-. Mar., 1890 | Mar., 1890]....do ..... Mar., 1890|Mar., 1890 |....do ..... V.0.
Seward, Fort .........--. Jan., 1873 | Sept., 1877) Broken....| Jan., 1873] Sept., 1877 |....do ..... U.S. P.H.
SHG. CTIN Gioys ce craice: arreremaverel| ae cna acacsyec | est cm meraicisia «le wimtennsmmeniareis June, 1872} Aug., 1872|....do ..... v.07
Spiritwood ...........--- Feb., 1881) May, 1881] Complete .|Feb., 1881) May, 1881!....do ..... v.O.
SCO cnc hed neces cemneee Apr., 1889] Oct., 1891} Broken....) Apr., 1889{ Oct., 1891 |....do ..... vV.O.
Stevenson, Fort.......... Aug., 1867] May, 1883 |....do ....- Aug., 1867) Apr., 1883) Broken ...| W.B.,U. 8. P.
H.
Tobacco Garden .........|-------- auine baawed ease etesileie saa Feb., 1882) June, 1883|....do ..... W.B.
Totten, Fort...........-. Aug., 1869] Nov., 1890| Complete .| Aug., 1869| Nov., 1890|....do ..... W.B., U.S. P.
; H.
Valley City..-....-..---- Sept., 1891 | Nov., 1891]....do ..... Sept:, 1891 | Dec., 1891] Complete .| V. 0.
Wahpeton. ...........--- July, 1889] Dec., 1891] Broken....) July, 1889!....do..... .-.-d0 ..... vV.O.
Wild Rice ...........--.- June, 1890 |....do ..... Complete .| June, 1890|....do ..... otra LOY severe v.O.
Willow City, June, 1891 -do ad Sept., 1891 )....do..... tls vV.O.
Woodbridge ............. -do. et., 1891}....do .....)....do 2... v.O.
Yates, Fort ...--.-.-..--- Jan., 1882)....do..... Leet Otoricss W.B., U.S. P.
H.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Chronological list of stations, ete.—Continued.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

43

 

 

   
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
  
  
    
  
  

Eleva-
: ‘ tion
Station. County. Tone be above
4 sea
level
or Oot Feet
ADOLC EEL: 2 iad sicrcince neva cen sca eomen aria amen aude BIOWil dace ceesaesoccaumes sce earme nese A DB hi cecevsresers
Alexandria ...- WPORBOM 2. sccuecodytads eceeees < oceetaiedes A340 Nis weerewes
Armour....-. DOU as ie seas senesced Ree ee be sees BS 20) | oma cuscetere
Bangor ...-....- WWI ViOrt We acnceve 4 anceiebigetcin ois vein enete wie 45 PO Vocinccnes
Bennett, Fort . PUTIN ccc osusccap Seshalacs, des alsNanaise aduladenee wid eiean 44 43 1, 440
Bon Homme Bon Homme AD: Dd Maisie spas
Brithon's sees y cheese ido esa acokudes 3 eee tibere Marshall ....-.. AB AT | sewers s
Brookings - Brookings...... dt 19 1, 636
Canton ...-.. A BOON cecscteaciaemercnate cet dlatie a ctaabucata: a weave 43 19 Lev
Castlewood 2 HAMAD cee emits sends oxime s ‘
eR ears aso acsiajeinene Ges de ge aces woes Bae ewe e EONAR aries ces dcaes mya te ogstteghi icpsre ore, eee
Cross...--... Pennington
Dakota City Hutchinson
Dakota, Ports 4.2 sera: eeeccasteu se verede ya deeiaie 8 TRON os x tates ot veda e's Yaa tian} aes
TOR pew ike es Kean haa we Soe aw ee Lawrence SaieG wets tale cease maoaiee

Firesteel
Flandreaun. ..-.
Forestburg .-...
Forest City ..
Frankfort -

Garden: City nec = - sexeexs sxease

BLY cid iaiace Las Gis cre Sh ersie eee ahaTS ote ahaEere SEA Grete
Goddard......
CEPA VION sd oases Gage Sr Kura poe we Soreness ae
Green wood,.J’0tii: 22040: s pasysscsae eyes veces dee! Vanktotl, 2s vores sevens greeeae sree es,
Hale, Fort «0.20.0 saecess cciewcass LLY MAM aie 2 oedema sees pebesly oe =>
SHOT: £0. o(2) bie Shei) Bodie nd Soinerer pie ie tees St Codington
HighMoOre: 2206 ox see g.ee See cine 2 FV iso 5 aiett Sse juletsah
Howard ....-.- MAINT sn eens s keen
Hurley --.-..-- WPT R acs, fascias 2 a5 agers 8 s
BA Mccann decir a wechiantoua ud Q,Gbin mnt as Ged aie sels PCAMIG say samc: 3 cowearintals eecine feeiedeees
Kimball 2 2: esa seesaw ewes Brule ...-..-.---- ices
Lead City .-. Lawrence
Long Creek ...... Dm COM s wisesaisine ateansasd smaeee ane
Lower Brule Agency SDF Y TA Mi 2 3 culpre ereepates Sie Sie ee
Mammoth Spring OS ree: sewers exaR oes Snes bees Pennington
Meade, Fort .....-....-------- SGU oe econ = yee Bled Liv doen  acvomane
Millbank eateelon GALAN Gp eesecs sexpesideengecrasa a ork tats ohalchaestongl ke eee
MOH esos 28 oes sasece ate £5 jecesdeaias Sic Bais. OS Pal edge anaes Davidson
MOTPTiston sc0s ge cewees < sates veces cece nen nce Hanson
Mouth Cherry . Stanley
QGP CDS is. je atrnecein tess Sheri Fall River
Olivet -.......- Hutchinson
Onida ....-..-- UN ssn acs otksrers sede radid be Ok cpm
Park el) aiersiecters atsservicisiore <etsiccielg BeOS ee ao eae Ha Hees TWD6F ea epee ge oo eset Sosa sees bz sabe
BATESUOM: Successes seme asad see a yeeeisonk Hutchinson
Pierre ....... -| Hughes ...-.....-
Pierre, Fortes sessese ses ceaws SUaMGY Acc.zccrsise accent eGakeoaeanee
PlankiNtOwl sciseie se sarcisrpsiemasisnistdoree ¢ vues ys ves AUTOM os denies sx dteinice ace ed ae ce
Ran GAUL MOT Cine Agatha Umeemchties seer Seen ace AD OCI votes ceccotutsrans 2 eucegueciicts aia Sasi tests <dsiror
ROpiG Ciy ssc acer  steeke cimecemie Soot amaeoen Pennington
Redfield es-c2co3 seesnes ehemect geeks o- cams sone DS PUM Gps Si epcyarbisise Soh tee Hanmatvatas oes
ROS8C06: < eeivisa Bocecicee sis ceeicen' anew ete <a ewe Bose Edmunds
D6. DAR WECUC Shen's cis dina aerate eae ce ieraecene LANE -serccasciaie on) atarg 9 ck tears eee nets a sae
PROPANE S5cc.4e Game aan cha eetine b cmc acam ana den Walworth
Stonx Falls) esc < srca% weve were eke ed < Sesercrceusie Minnehaha
Sisseton, Ort. s-cewiecag eck 25 ae ees o eesemese Mars Wail) x35. ctoie ss. did emaddoe eee
Smithville......- Lawrence
Spearhisht 22). ccscc cee Gicien 2 aeete os od Boks eheleaeee ease do.
Spring Lake.... Kingsbury
Sully, Fort .... POTN Ly 352 acy s entenrsieromrtcta uot cee ek eaters
Swan Lake .. MENG wea 4 peeves 2 ae wie qejeeelecas aacccce
AVRO 2 cence ce eosin cee eew ys tetice ew Bon Homme
Vermillion .... CIRY? Samiti eee
Watertown occ ccceissciwewaniense aecickd vcciccenense Cad ington

 

      
   
  
  
   
  
  
 

  
  
 
 
  
  
  

 

 

SWS STOUT WE OF
Crile Sa GeCKE CONE

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44

Chronological list of stations, ete—Continued.

SOUTH DAKOTA—Continued.

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

 

 

 

  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eleva-
‘ - tion
: ‘ Longi-| Lati-
Station, ‘ County. tude. | tude. sas e
level
°o ¥
WCDStEE c cicw inate sesieeiaseses sailplanes rweisla stele Seieieeiaie 97 30
Wentwort bic. .oais ond cases sec cegiagie aisicimese sistereia sess 96 57
Wessington Springs 98 32
Wicklow 96 57
Wolsey ..---.- 98 27
Woonsocket .. 98 15
Vanikto tis 2)2c10 cece 2 cece eae clcaieve seams seaweed 97 20
Record.
Station. Rainfall. Temperature. Authority.
From— ged Character.| From— ‘pee Character.
Aberdeen......--.-. Sosa iv Mar., 1890] Dec., 1891] Complete -| Mar., 1890| Dec., 1891| Complete .| V.O.
Alexandria ......-.-.--- .| Mar., 1882 |....do ..... Broken....| Mar., 1882 )....do ..... Broken ...| V.O.
AXING OT ea ewe eced caters May, 1889 | Aug., 1889] Complete .| May, 1889) Aug., 1889] Complete -| V.O.
Ban GOP... ees cece secces June, 1891}. June, 1891) .22.d0 cccjilleenccewavecislevecescesest aes sxe see eed v.O~.
Bennett, Fort ...-.-.---. Oct., 1880] Oct., 1891] Broken ...| Oct., 1880| Oct., 1891] Broken ...| W.B., U.S. P.
H.
Bon Homme ......-..---- Mar., 1872|May, 1872| Complete .|.......-.---|------.-----|-.-----e-eee V.0O.
Britton ceesce80 sees ezees Sept., 1891} Dec, 1891 ]....do ..... Sept., 1891] Dec., 1891] Complete .| V.O.
Brookings ..:...--------- July, 1888 |....do ..... sermon July, 1888]..-.do ..... emai Ose Seeste vV.O.
Canton ...-. July, 1889} June, 1891 |....do .-... Aug., 1889} June, 1891 ]....do ..... vV.O.
Castlewood... Aug., 1891] Dec., 1891 Complete -| Aug., 1891] Dec., 1891 |....do .-... V.O.
Clarice. eects: «ake sees July, 1889 |....do ..... Broken...».| July, 1889 |....do .....]-...do -..-. V.O.
Cross..---.-- he seein’ aise Mar., 1890|-..-do ...-. ----do .....| Mar., 1890]....do ..... Broken ...| V.O.
Dakota City. .2sna scien leaks seme cic |cinstencemiece'| secs ciecsmeine May, 1886| May, 1886] Complete .| V.O.
Dakota, Fort .....--..--- July, 1866 | June, 1869| Broken .-.| Sept., 1866) Apr., 1869] Broken ...) U.S-:P. IL.
Deadwood.....-.-.-.---- Jan., 1878|Dec., 1887]|....do..... Jan., 1878| Dec., 1887 |....do ...-.- W.B.
De Smet...-...-.---.---- Feb., 1889] Dec., 1891 Complete -| Feb., 1889 | Dec., 1891} Complete .; V.O.
Egeland.....-...-.-.---- May, 1891/ June, 1891).--.do..... May, 1891] June, 1891 ]|....do ..... V.0.
BUGON 0. j0 3 ses aaewesees Jan., 1891 | Dee., 1891].--.do ..... an., 1891] Dec., 1891] Broken ...| V.O.
Firesteel .....-......-.-- Feb:, 1875 | June, 1807 |22 22d soscelecenc cca reas [esccescstecalees cou semece V.0.
Flandreau.....-.---...-- Jan., 1890| Dec., 1891|..-.do ....- June, 1890] Dec., 1891} Broken ...| V.O.

_ Forestburg ..---.-------- May, 1891/.-..do .-... eae QO--saias.s May, 1891]....do..... Complete .| V.O.
Forest City......-.--.--- July, 1891] Nov., 1891]....do ..... July, 1891] Nov., 1891 ]-...do ..... vV.O.
Frankfort ...--....-...-- Sept., 1891 | Dec., 1891 }....do ..... Sept., 1891 | Dec., 1891]|..-.do ..... bp V.O.
Garden City ......--.---- Oct., 1887| May, 1889)|....do ..... Oct., 1887|May, 1889]....do..... V.O.

GATV cces. oon See wee ease July, 1891 | Dec., 1891]....do .-...| Aug., 1891} Dec., 1891])-.-.do ..... V.O.
Goddard) s.se0545 case cnscnr June, 1888} Aug., 1888] Broken....) Nov., 1888] Feb., 1889 |-...do .--.. v.O.
Grand View ........---.- Oct., 1888/ Dec., 1888] Complete .| Oct., 1888|Dec., 1888]....do ..... v.O.
Greenwood, Fort ....-.... Feb., 1860| May, 1861] Broken .../ Nov., 1859] Dec., 1862} Broken ...| U.S.P.H.
Hale, Fort....-....-.---- Jan., 1879|May, 1884) Complete -| Jan., 1879| May, 1884) Complete .| U.S. P. H.
Henry Oct., 1886 | Sept., 1887|.-..do .....] Oct., 1886 | Sept., 1887 |.--.do ..... V.O.
Highmore : Broken ...| Feb., 1887] Apr., 1891] Broken ...| V.O.
Howard Be ALO x ga 2 Aug., 1890] Dec., 1891]|.-..do ..... V0; °F
Hur loy: « cscns-vccseeeesess [s4 seew see ceslecieces soccer [et eee dese: Jan., 1888|.-.----.---- wise LO) + scare v.O.
Huron. . Complete .| July, 1881] Dec., 1891] Complete .| W,B.
Kimball pew cGO! sores Jan., 1889|....do ..... hes Ohs dents v.O. '
Lead City .......-.------ July, 1878 | Oct., 1878 }....do ..... June, 1878} Oct., 1878|.-.-do..... W.B.
Long Creeks ee.s veecjcg pos nae nese es [isco se cones [anemones May, 1888 | Sept., 1888]....do ..... V.0.
Lower Brule Agency..... | Sept., 1875 | Dec., 1878] Broken....| Sept., 1875 | Dec., 1878|....do ..... U.S. P.H.
Mammoth Springs scectensiets Sept., 1883 | Mar., 1884| Complete .| Sept., 1883) Mar., 1884|....do ..... V.O.
Meade, Fort ...-.-...---- July, 1879] Dec., 1891} Broken ...) July, 1879 | Dec., 1891) Broken ...| W.B.,U.S.P
‘ H.
Millbank ......-.---.---- Dec., 1889]...-do .....|-.-.do ....-. Apr., 1890}....do ..... Complete | V.O.
Mitchell......-.----...-- June, 1891 |....do ..... Complete .| July, 1891 |....do .-.... a3cQ0 2 asic v.0O.
Morriston .........-.-.-. Jan., 1877| July, 1884} Broken -..| Dec., 1878} July, 1884} Broken ...| V.O.
Mouth Cherry -- . Apr., 1861 | May, 1861) Complete |. cccseeccn|e- os en aeeecc|esciscece eons vV.O.
Oelrichs ....--.- Mar., 1890 | Dec., 1891] Broken ...| Mar., 1890] Dec., 1891] Broken .-..) V.O.
OM Ota isecicceieccn asec es June, 1877| Nov., 1882 | Complete .| June, 1877|Dec., 1882] Complete .| V.O.
ODIND a nieseieies nn Beeaween Apr., 1889) Dec., 1891] Broken ...! Mar., 1889|Dec., 1891} Broken ...| V.O.
Parker siseis cesses sssoces July, 1891} Nov., 1881 |....do .....; July, 1891]....do ..... eins GO™ siwcais v.07
Appendix MV: 3

Geographical List of Stations.

 

 

 

it 70H? 703° zoa° zo7r* 700 * wn
3(= :
- OO a ce eel
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CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Chronological list of stations, etc.—Continued.

SOUTH DAKOTA—Continued.

45

 

 

 

 

 
  
  
   
  
 
    

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Record.
Station. Rainfall. Temperature. Authority.
From— osha Character. | From— ae Character.
Parkston ......-.....-.-- Feb., 1877] Dec., 1891] Broken ...|Jan., 1887] Dec., 1891 | Broken .-.| V.O.
Pierre: cesesscer soaisexe Jan., 1891]....do ..... Complete -| July, 1891].-..do ..--- Complete .| W. B.
Pierre, Fort......-.-...-- July, 1855] Apr., 1857|-...do ..... Jan.,, 1854] May, 1857} Broken ...| U.S. P.H.
Plankinton .............. May, 1891] Aug., 1891 -do..... June, 1891] Aug., 1891] Complete -| V.O.
Randall, Fort.........--- Jan., 1857|Dec., 1891| Broken....) Nov., 1856| Dec., 1891] Broken ...| U.S. P. H.
Rapid City ......-....... Feb., 1881].-..do ..--.|. sx O xeon Mar., 1881}....do ...-. wists oO cicicre W. B.
Redfield. «ccc + seseusee Apr., 1889} June, 1889] Complete .| Apr., 1889] June, 1889] Complete .) V. 0.
RO8C00@: 5,22 ssisne sss elec ssa May, 188) | Sept., 1889]....do -.... May, 1889] Oct., 1889 ]..-.do ..-.. v.O.
St. Lawrence ........-.-- Aug., 1890| Dec., 1891] Broken ...! Aug., 1890} Dec., 1891] Broken ..-/ V.O.
Scranton ............---- Dec., 1889] Apr., 1891| Complete .| Dec., 1889} Apr., 1891|.--.do .--.- v.O.
Sioux Falls . -| June, 1890 | Dec., 1891] Broken ...| June, 1890| Dec., 1891)....do .---.. v.O.
Sisseton, Fort. - -| Sept., 1866] Apr., 1889|....do ..... Sept., 1866] Apr., 1889 /....do ..... U.S. P.H.
SUMMING) ois. csis cis eaicten ela cineie a6 cae J agacaie naa dae eases Seewee June, 1881} June, 1883 )....do ..... W.B.
Spearfish ............-.-. Jan., 1889] Dec., 1891] Complete .| Jan., 1889] Dec., 1891 | Complete .| V.O.
Spring Lake. ..........-. Oct., 1888] Aug., 1889 /....do ....- Noy., 1888] Aug., 1889 ]....do..... v.07
Sully, Fort -.....-...-... Apr., 1866] Dec., 1891] Broken....| Jan., 1866|Dec., 1891| Broken ...) W.B., U.S. P.
H.
Swan Lake ............-. Jan., 1881] Sept., 1881| Complete .!........--..|---------...|-----+------ v.O.
Tyndall ....-.. . oot c2mirce Aug., 1891| Dec., 1891 | Complete .| V.O.
Vermillion . Broken... .| Jan., 1884] Feb., 1891] Broken ...| V.O.
Watertown ......-...-.-- Nov., 1891 | Dee:, 1891.) Complete 2.20.2 .-.-.|.0 +2. se cee] ss eee eese ews V.O.
Webster. ..............-.| June, 1882 |....do ...-. Broken....! June, 1882} Dec., 1891] Broken ...| V.0.
Wentworth..............| Sept., 1883 |....do ...-. 26000 sis cis Sept., 1883 |....do ..... ae, is CUO: cent x's V.O.
Wessington Springs -.-... July, 1891 |....do ..... Complete .| July, 1891]|....do ..... Complete .| V.O.
Wicklow ....-------.---- Apr., 1883] Broken ...| July, 1882|Apr., 1883] Broken ...| V.0.
Wolsey..---- Dec., 1891] Complete .| Jan., 1889] Dec., 1891] Complete | V.O.
Woonsocket . Dec., 1890 ]|..--do ..... Apr., 1888 | Dec., 1890]....do ...-. V..0.
Yankton ......-.---.---- Dec., 1891] Broken....| Nov., 1859! Dec., 1891] Broken ...| V.O., W.B
MINNESOTA, NEBRASKA, AND IOWA,
Eleva-
‘ : tion
5 Longi-| Lati-
Station. County. tude. | tude, | 2beve
sea
3 level.
oN o !' | Feet.
Hay Springs, Nebr .<.0- 20200 cesceccececewecines SHETIMAN wc vcse cess tances sesens aeeees 102 37 | 42 40 |....-...
Robinson, Fort, Nebr DBWSS dcrscce oeSiaes odd cerns Hesieceeeaies 103 23 | 42 40 ].........
Sioux City, lowe. se<s08: ceca: = eeeeemes saezes.xe WOOdDUry’ ese<ce- w2ceestecacys- 96 24 | 42 30 1, 258
Valentine, Nebr....-..-.--.--- Cherry icons « see2ce's ceeewars ee eeeasehes 100 27 | 42 52 2, 613
Moorhead, Minn .........--. 12-2. 22-22 -022 -0-+ ClAy sascete neces ticciseine werciaw secees wale 96 44 | 46 52 935
St. Vincent, Minn.........-..-....22.22 2-22 +--+ KattsOW 2.c2 ccccecceuisseebe sce sermenans 97 14 | 48 56 805
Record.
Station Rainfall. Temperature. Authority
__| To (inclu- To (inelu-
From sive)— Character. | From— sive)— Character.
Hay Springs, Nebr-.---.-- Jan., 1886 | Dec., 1891] Complete .| Jan., 1886} Dec., 1891] Complete .| V.O.
Robinson, Fort, Nebr...-| July, 1883 |-...do ..... Broken ...| July, 1883 | Nov., 1891] Broken ...| W.B.,U.S.P.
H.
Sioux City, Iowa ....-.... Sept., 1857 |....do .....!.... dO: saves Aug., 1857| Dec., 1891|....do ..... vV.O., W. B.,
U.S. P. H.
Valentine, Nebr .....---- Sept., 1885 |....do -.... Complete .| Sept., 1886 |....do ....- Complete .| W.B.
Moorhead, Minn......... Jan., 1881]....do .-. do Jan., 1881}....do .....|-... 0. stecag V.0., W. B.
St. Vincent, Minn.....--. Sept., 1880 Sept., 1880 |....do ...-.J.... do ..... W.B.

 

 

 

 

 

 
Apprnpix No. 4. |

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota.

(References: An asterisk (*) indicates Tuepminere record, but to what extent not accurately known; [ ], interpolated values. Letters of

the alphabet indicate the number of

FORT ABERCROMBIE, N. DAK.

ays missing from the record; T, trace of rainfall, or an amount too small to measure.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
pater cell epee wll a areca deze veel esevene|eeeeeeet “O59 || 2509'| 2.81 |) 2286 | 094. locca neon
0.32 | 0.56 | 3.95 | 6.67] 1.85] 1.66] 4.78} 0.33! 0.63) 1.79) 0.30 23, 34,
0.90 | 0.78 | 1.82} 1.61] 0.95!) 1.68] 0.29); 1.12] 0.36] 0.385] 0.82 11. 38
0.74 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 0.87} 0.26] 0.79 | 4.62) 1.38] 3.29) 0.26] 0.61 13.40
0.14 | 0.94 | 0.45) 0.88} 1.72) 7.24! 1.75 | 1.60] 1.16] 0°25 |] 1.04 16. 85
2.08 | 2.00 | 4.20 0. 83 1.46 1.61 3.30 | 0.60 1.10 0.02 | 0.08 17. 52
0.02 | 0.62 | 3.72] 0.20] 2.00] 0.54] 1.35] 0.92] 0.99] 1.24] 0.01 12. 54
0.45 | 1.95 ).2.45 | 2.14] 6.83] 3.70] 0.76] 0.50} 0.03] 0.60] 1.30 19, 66
0.60 | 1.28 | 0.83 | 2.48] 3.05] 4.25 | 1.38] 3.09 T 0.27 | 0.94 19, 47
0.50 | 0.86 | 2.16) 4.32] 1.02] 0.50] 6.40] 5.92] 0.10] 0.70} 0.15 22.938
0.38 | 1.48 | 0.32 | 4.04] 2.01] 2.70] 2.80! 5.10] 1.10) 1.00) 0.14 21.37
0.72 | 1.40 | 1.36 0.30} 4.10 1.62 0. 56 1.40 | 0.62 0. 70 1, 82 15,20
*0.40 | 1.50 | 1.50] 4.20] 10.15] 3.45] 2.35 | 0.90) 2.20] 0,22] 0.55 | *27. x2
0.51 ; 0.69 | 2.00} 2.20] 3.65] 0.92! 4.03 | 0.44) 0.26 | *0.14 |.....-.).--.----
0. 80./ 0.39 |*0. 70 1.70 8.16 1,29 | AsSe O46) DO ccna clenenecs|<twenene
ia cpanel paresis *0.43 | 3.17] 2.96] 0.32] 2.12] 1.80] *1.80| 0.50] 0.90 ].....-..
0.08 | 0.66 | 0.74 0.56 | 0.50; 1.10 1. 95 0. 45 0.10 | 0.70] 0.95 8.59
0.10 | 0.60 | 1.70 2.06) ise aane 4.45 0. 30 AgA OE POKAO? ee. d.cscrenslf one ciea SIRES ieee
0.55 | 1.01 | 1.55 2. 317 2 22 2,43 1.82 0.98 0. 69 0.70 17, 83
FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, N. DAK.
| :

Ae ovate neiadaae lear Bee dpentegaco| 0280} 140) On2k ac md eSeters ieee tates
0.00 | 0.13 | 0.10) 0.45 | 1.42] 0.05; 1.23) 0.09 0.17] 1.60] 0.02 5.56
0.32 | 0.21) 1.95 | 1.20; 3.04] 0.97] 1.23] 0.43) 0.86) 0.06 T 10, 35
0.34 | 0.34) 1.54] 4.28 0.384] 0.49) 4.83] 1.40 0.20] 0.56] 0.64 15. 08
0.33 | 3.63 ) 4.42 4.30, 5.42 2.44 1.20 T 2.05 1°00 1,70 *26. 78
1.20} 0.90 | 2.15] 1.30| 1.18] 0.57) 0.60] 0.40! 0.51 T 0, 30 9.11
0.24 | 0.07 |..---- 3.60 | 4.40] 1.65) 0.88- T 1.40] 0.04} 1.04 |..-.2...

Al T | 1.75) 1.52) 1.54] 0.95! 5.63] 1.10 k 0.70 T 13.19
1.00 | 0.40} 0.60] 3.60) 2.27] 1.00| 2.00) 2.25' 0.10] 0.50 ae 13. 72
0.10 | 1.30} 6.40] 2.80] 3.30] 4.60; 0.42] L6X 1.26) 0.90] 0.90 23. 66
1.92 | 0.70 | 2.40] 1.70] 3.42] 2.00; 1.22] 0.20 | 2.88 | 0.30] 2.00 TS
0.68 | 0.72 11.88) 2.00) 5.16) 3.80] 4.18] 2.30! 1.20; 0.80] 1.60 25, 2
0.80 | 0.90 | 4.00 | 1.34] 3.20] 2.82] 2.52] 0.22, 0.70} 0.40} 0.50 18.40
0.70 | 0.88 1.44] 1.70} 2.20] 1.40] 1.90] 0.38 | 0.80 | 0.40] 1.20 13. 94
0.40 10.90 11.24] 0.80! 1.20} 5.380} 1.84! 1.68! 1.10] 0.75] 0.90 17,29
0.98 | 0.50! 2.04! 0.64! 5.96! 3.382! 0.58) O20 O85 'L2 222. t O10 Ll...
0.45 | 0.70} 0.00} 3.61] 2.08) 1.45] 0.65 | 0.54) 0.00} 0.08 ' 0.60 | 10. 26
0.10 | 0.30 | 0.85 | 0.89] 10.93; 1.48] 0.86) O85 | 1.40!) 0.07) 0.28 18.11
As | QLBT le eens 2.85 4.85 | *4.42 Veeosc celeece. a re

1
0.55 | 0.74 | 2.05 | 2.14| 3.44] 2.08 | 1.84 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.48] 0.69 16. 08
|
BATHGATE, N. DAK.
DSO Di ais sia noieecescems dia bue eee ose sy ee! | eisvounidictellaeceyooeis | 1.72 | 0.40 | ONTO Nace sce

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 7

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

FORT BERTHOLD, N. DAK.

Year. Jan. | Feb.| Mar.| Apr.| May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct.» | Nov. | Dec. Anuual.
PROG serait tne eek ae cre eat Sk iN ee ee ES et AS lhe oe 0.40} 0.54] 0.00] 9.01 |.......-
186 senneunveemerei elements aleemsarcaeee SUG Te 0) | crane crerere| senator cee ners el partes c [Ps sararcsars fcecrsiensie beanie te meemame

BISMARCK, N. DAK.

Secleaed eng ped Meese wus owed esse cell SOE, Oe SS OTB) OLB I eget ctctens
1.32 | 2.06] 4.22] 3.40] 5.02] 1.51] 2.89] 1.85] 2.37] 1.33] 0.39] 27.52
1.45 13.97|2.77| 5.74) Let. 1.18) 6.55) 5.61] 0.30] 0.86] 0.87] 30.92
0.19 | 0.77 | 1.32] 4.15) 4.60| 2.521 0.35] 0.11] 0.941) 0.40] 0.69] 17.68
0.26 | 1.46 | 5.71] 3.15 | 2.78 | 1.171 2.79] 0.67| 1.45} 0.21] 0.58} 20.23
0.82 | 0.58 | 2.60] 3.67] 4.97} 4.27] 2.69] 0.07) 1.35] 0.16] 1.28] 22.61
0.16 | 0.69 | 3.65 | 2.76 | 2.82] 2.02] 4.82] 0.72] 0.27] 0.87] 1.17] 19.75
0.78 | 0.45 }1.02 | 2.97] 4.11] 1.28] 2.98} 1.26] 0.51] 0.85) 0.06] 15.76
0.30) 1.22 53.56) 3.46] 3.88] 4.31] 0.30} 1.74] 1.44] 0.46] 0.43] 21.33
0.66 | 0.38! 1.57! 115] 3.84] 1.32} 0.98] 0.04] 3.88] 0.26] 1.33] 15.66
0.87 | 0.60} 2.20 | 2.56] 3.63] 3.62] 3.80] 2.34] 0.92] 0.73] 171} 23.36
0.36 | 0.18 | 3.21] 0.92 | 2.39] 2.41] 1.62] 0.14] 0.54] 0.66] 0.34] 13.08
0.54 | 0.94 | 1.49} 1.73 | 2.03] 1.43] 1.45] 0.38] 0.65] 1.24] 0.76] 13.26
0.52 | 0.78 | 1.52] 2.19] 0.85] 4.49] 1.62] 1.35] 1.15] 0.11] 0.80] 16.38
0.44 | 0.87] 0.11 | 0.70] 5.77] 3.96| 1.73 | 0.33] 1.02 | 0.38] 0.24] 16.51
1.48 | 0.55 | 0.96 | 3.35] 1.03] 201] 0.53) 648] T 0.15 | 0.69 | 11.03
0.27 | 0.49 | 0.68 | 0.57] 8.40] 114] O69) 0.98 | 137] 0.14) 0.22) 15.75
0.57 }1.24]2.40} 2.92] 4.19] 4.20} 1.43) O.X7°> 0.99] 1.20] O.44] 20.50

Meaus .......- 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.97 | 2,95 | 2,63 | 3.59] 2.54 | 2.19; 1.09) L411} 0.62 | 0.69 | 18.90
>
FORT BUFORD, N. DAK.

i hol tae eel ce Nee acl Seco 0.90! 0.80 |.......| To J........
0.70 | 0.08} 0.06 | 0.42] 1.27 [....... 0.54 | 0.10 | 0.46] 0.58) 1.18 |-.-.--.-
0.12 | 0.02 | 0.33] 1.79] 3.21! 1.97] 2.39) 0.27] 0.62] 0.13] 0.39] 11.50
0.38 | 0.46 | 0.65 | 1.78) 0.86} 1.62) 0.94) 2.17) T 0.55 | T 9.41
1.03 |*0.31 | 0.00 | 3.92] 0.77] 0.76] 0.81] 0.45! 1.25] 0.03 | 0.25 9,90
0.19 | 0.24} 0.45 | 2.43] 0.90] 0.55) 0.10] 'T 0.72 | 1.00} 1.40 x0
0.00 | 1.48/1.55 | 1.12] 1.75) 2.44) 0.45] 3.25 | 0.80] 1.04] *1.57) “36.80
4.35 | 2.25/1.25] 6.60] 269] 'T 0.40] 1.10! 0.45 J...--.- ET! | need
0.20 | 0.251 0.15 | 1.80] 1.02] 0.24) 2.26] 0.25] 0.13] 0.83] 0.30 TS
1.12 | 0.73 | 1.83} 1.39] 3.46] 1.48] 3.05] 0.43) 0.45] 0.20] 0.00] 14°85
0.12 | 0.09 | 0.10] 4.00! 1.75] 0.00!) 3.95] 1.05} 0.80] 0.22] 0.18] 12.24
0.00 | 0.11} 0.18) 4.50) 2.04] 0.80] 0.00} 0.85 | 1.60] 1.75) 0.20] 12.29
0.05 | 1.60) 1.85 | 2.60] 3.15 |....... 1.00] 1.35| 2.05] T 1.26 |.... 2...
0.59 | 0.03 | 2.75] 5.56) 3.35 | 3.63] 0.18] 0.00] 1.55] 0.37] 1.64] 19.67
0.51 | 0.21 | 0.74) 4.02 | 5.46} 4.17] 2.36] 1.04] 0.90] 0.66] 3.08} 23.25
1.10] 1.17] 1.34] 1.00) 3.44] 1.32] 1.10] 1.58] 0.39] 0.39] 0.09] 14.90
0.29 | 0.69 | 0.94] 1.61) 1.87] 2.25 | 0.16] 2.86} 1.00} 0.29] 0.51} 12.75
0.36 | 0.91 | 0.48 | 0.59!) 0.97] 1.69] 1.96] 0.22] 1.41] 0.14] 0.11] 10.82
0.12 | 0.10} 1.30] 0.14) 0.99] 1.87! 1.06] 0.53] 0.44] 0.31] 0.40 7.37
0.44 | 0.03 | 1.71 | 1.02) 6.05 | 3.02) 1.50) 0.26] 0.19 | 0.56] 0.14] 15.56
0.71 | 0.31 | 2.25;) 1.44! 0.93) 0.56} 0.87] 0.05] 1.57| 0.59] 0.55] 10.24
0.18 | 0.12 | 1.09] 1.59| 3.25) 2.00] 3.91] 1.07] 1.43] -0.10] 0.18] 15.43
0.33} 0.44 | 0.61] 0.96! 6.75° 2.12] 1.65] 9.62] 0.62! 0.10] 0.07] 14.74
0.30 | 0.20 | 0.60} 2.69] 1.03} 0.63 | 0.95! 1.13] 0.01] 0.37] 0.42 8.46
0.18 10.58 10.60] 1.58! 5.93 1.068 0,22) 2.05] 2.45] 0.03] 0.0L] 14.24
O.14 | 0.27, L84) 149) 7.08 2.99) 0.78 | 0.66 | 1.96) 1.44) O14] Ixus
mee 0.51 | 0.98 ome ane 1.62| 1.30] 0.91 =| ae 0.54] 13.29

CARRINGTON, N. DAK.
BSG ects eta ea onset leateatsls ‘Ost | 1,07 |) 298!) 190) b B08) BIBT Neeeweea eee ee cleece eel meee | aes ae
TOOT 2 pint eawanssniens [niece [sean [esmnes [perce senacee( 364) 4.32] 0:80) 1.19) 2.97] 0.67 [oscss scl ncceseec
M6anis: ..225 cccalls coun tcmermellccoua tes cmullseat@es< Soh | BBE) TE losonen clas nmeechanedenclecuedce | pag eokee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
48

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued,

CHURCH’S FERRY, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jap. | Feb. |Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
ISDN ozctcnwiegielaed nasal esies'el| sistewey |newiow =| Soasee lseeeees 5.15 | 2.66] 0.88 |..-..-. cia tela iatavays S| lear eran | eisiaieicleiaie:
DAVENPORT, N. DAK.
SSB rs diayapejecsidis anc: dimisee lie sraseear Sil Sie ose eadil aeyseoere 1.06} 1.82 | 2.04] 3.04] 1724) 0.52] 1.04] 0.06! 0.05 |....---.-
TSS) coe aivisteleco eiccerisi 0.58 | 0.65 | 0.05 | 1.23 | 1.68| 0.84] 1.50] 2.44) 5.09| 0.02] 0.19] 0.70 14, 97
1890) vais isrem cuisceiebeee 0.43 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.10] 1.47] 5.75] 3.04! 3.25] 2.73) 2.20 ]....--.- seswieee lemeneesss
LS9L, sccccs seemcmedbellsosasc| ese cel eeener joteeee 0:89 | 5.19} 6:52 | V50 bees cccs|pccwecsfeeecesclan sess lames eos
Means ....-.-.-- 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.22 | 0.80) 1.46] 3.46) 3.52] 2.11 | 2.78] 1.09 | 0.12] 0.38 16. 92
DICKINSON, N. DAK.
ISOM, cece sitieses see ces ose sear eee lees eiahetap cial e | oot ays Salts s cree Lareisiacaial| oaeicecisin | WOMOU! | saiaiee elle w cessor
ELLENDALE, N. DAK.
1990) casesceicanercase | neniens aaceligenas bares pcancsil iayaecs tases I crsiarevauS/al| ermaseps zie aiaie avail arse byes cisetectare||' MO: OG) | ca sa eieats
ESO secscscra (smn trcih Srereielf ete ere cre lneiacine 2.48 | 2.94] 2.06] 3.87] 5.12) 0.41] 0.78 | 1.29] 0.34] 0.70 |.....-..
MGAaliO ye ciase.xinicje [ison d eeieicelllsieysinian tiem cpchelioenietesc] einai) loc ees Peat eects Somers eos cc 0: 38) lon wise coc
a
FARGO, N. DAK.
TOTS ascseacnacencnnsh ieeenlaanean [eansed les aeael dimen nine enlace gl leeepen ay (eee es sie easiSe iedyd ices)! OO hemes aici ia
LB OD ccerticccsiseian Sedaris sisesutelleatorsieis'| seiSaicihes Sates a 3.83 | 3.64] 2.96} 2.69] 1.32] 0.46] 0.43 |........
Meas '...ce<225)ccccee|eecscs |execee lessees] ceseexsl aseced sll semeese|eoomers|aesesck| caemess|seeees:s 0:34 |annecce
FARMINGTON, N. DAK
eee lee eee ta OO col ach aaa eae Ne ec
GALLATIN, N. DAK.
Ge ates eee rasa ees aaa coos ice loseeeen peal a celia oat een as ape een eck Gal em ce
1890 sc giacis sertesenestets 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 1.06} 3.51] 2.63] 2.53] 1.89! 2.06} 0.09] 0.06 14, 85
ISOT ost oem oe ko ancs 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 1.69 | 2.21) 3.03] 4.43] 0.88) 1.61] 2.71} 0.66] 0.57 18.70
Means ........ 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.24] 1.08 | 1.64] 3.27; 3.53] 1.70; 1.75] 2.38] 0.38] 0.22 16. 68
GRAFTON, N. DAK.
1891 seweraweceauiescs 0.34 | 158 J... elec cc. 2.382 | 7.13 | 4.65] 2.09} 2.23 | 2.44] 0.10 |....2..)...0.02.
GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.
IS8T cccseacsdess. ces el eesewe mendes |keweesllossmee eee 500. ||weisewas | ewxie-ains'l sew aieinclleecamenl sure ce on oh whee
1888 weweos sense caus ecowedlnweacd (poewes laseeies sveeees[eecesseleeeeces|! 0225] 182) lsecersad| asercce| esse cen] sascsceme
1889. sececccesaee cose 1,22: | 1500) |ecsceuloneces veeeoexfecce ous epie| seqeese | sreemizs'execises'| some. ee Seeds we me
1890 cccencscwmee cous ee ouwal seers eeswes 0.34] 1.21) 3.77] 1.48 |....--. secemeel| ODO O12 O13 |ocae cai
189L cweonssaneee' aces 0227 |) 0:95: ppcanesfeececs ccs adh Nesecieie W387 |) OTL Neweseeck OTL: |) BBO fee cc cw
Means ........ O88 | 95 lacie asaeein i kee) 0 | nstee | 0.81 | 1.02 |..... ‘| 0.42 | o71 | iieeneet

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued,

GRAND RAPIDS, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

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|
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dee. oma
T20h sacecreses dere | Yee | Poagie| eee tte acone [anaes | Behe 3..98 06 | 0.94} 1.70 1.05 | 9195 | seemteue
HOPE, N. DAK.
TOL Goretacscce aes <|eowace [eee | s atreaelhee ee eens 3.85 | 5.06 | 0.81 | 1.34] 2.27 | 0. 30 = et) Pak
JAMESTOWN, N. DAK.
1891 ..... wpcae auntie seal nine nema dentasea lndacea neve BiG. | ool ew aves | eas esl 942! esceaaee
KELSO, N. DAK.
1800: pa tcceeengebese lemme. nates) hamaen lcaaiall mas pedal: Meme 2.51} 2.06] 1.49 2.60. 0.20 0.09 | cones
T8OT ce, oacoe nates 0.42 | 0.95 | 2.17] 2.21) 1.451) 4.85] 2.45] 0.99] 2.01] 2.60 ....... U Seater Vin tes
Mears (4.65. c dud [tone assel de sae taiacm ce ectsers 2.48 | 1.52 il aa stained Shoat pea as
LAKOTA, N. DAK.
/ < ere
TSU oo aia astntend ei case leet hee eich 4.55} 2.74] 2.00] 197] 2.47 [22.22.0022 lee
LEECH FARM, N. DAK.
TSS Gin jnis i Saciexaee | ea at cealiat eed 1.06; 1.82] 2.04] 3.04] 1.24] 0.52] 1.04] 0.06] 0.50 )........
TSAO! ccencanececevedse 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.05 | 1.23] 1.68] 0.84] 1.50] 244 | *5.09] 0.02) 0.19) 0.70! 20.14
Means ........|....-.|.----- | aa | 1.1 | L75 | 1.44 2.27 | te 2.80 | 0.53 | 0.12 0.60 | fucigeunes
MANDAN, N. DAK.
UGA cacao eetacacrad |e tered dectate teeters Merete ceeeeee[eecee--| 0.75] 0.08] 1.81
1884 oo 22sec eee eee 0.02} 0.34] T [.....f..... woe eadel cect dees ig ate ma keeles
MILTON, N. DAK.
TSO Leeched soaeianes ease | ee aan |amiaad| shleee aces Samad sebteeeel seine: stelealleniee ce ease cel TS00:) Jax ices
NAPOLEON, N. DAK.
45! 1.48 | 2.85! 1.74] 2.29] T | 0.13 | 0.69 |........
-| 0. : i : 7.19 | 0.46; 1.06] 1.02] 1.44; 0.20] 0.36/........
1891 ....---+se00----) 0.12 | 0.98 | 1.11 | 2.39] 2.02] 7.87) 4.93) 124) 2.17 2.18 | 1.13! 1.76 | 97.90
Means .......- 0.36 | 0.70 | 0. 60 | 1.46 Dy 1.35| 1.83] 121) 0.49) 0.94. 19.43

 

S. Ex. 1577
50 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. ;

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

NEW ENGLAND CITY, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |} Apr. | May. | June. |.July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.

1888 os sceicoseciavceta eaetanlaanace iomye al eeapavenats'l anh asiel|imiareea nage 0.90 | 1.35 T 0.48 | 0.05] 0.25 |.....-.-

TSO saiaysisroiaraedeaimaiess 0.50 ; 0.85 | 0.02 | 0.84 | 2.18) 0.94] 2.58] 0.70) 0.47 T 0.07 | 0.40 9.55

1890) jpn tctessisidewiecees 0.55 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 1.56) 2.35 | 6.93) 1.96] 0.04] 0.55] 1.25] 0.18] 0.50] 16.08

ASO sine ates ears cies ceee] T [ O40 | 1,00 |.00. 2) eee] eee fee eee] ee eee] eee fee eee [eee e eee] eee eee [eee eae
0.48 | 0.3

.39 | 1.20} 2.26] 3.94] 1.81] 0.70 | 0.34 | 0.58] 0.10) 0.38; 12.49

 

FORT PEMBINA, N. DAK.

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

wamend [ieemees |saemnslaaperces 2.95 | 0.23} 1.13} 0.54] 0.47
2.00] 1.90) 2.09| 3.09] 0.82] 1.67] 1.16} 0.53] 2.95
0.39 | 2.11) 2.91) 1.30] 2.38) 2.05] 0.56] 0.66} 0.18
0.20) 1.55) 3.41] 1.40] 2.21] 1.54] 0.29] 0.30] 0.12
0.47 | 1.87] 3.83} 1.18] 2.62] 0.92] 1.26) 0.70] 0.56
0.49 | 6.55 | 3.43 | 5.52] 6.47] 0.54) 0.14) 0.39] 0.43
0.68) 4.15) 9.85) 1.47] 0.51] 1.40} 0.69] 0.55) 1.08
5.78 | 2.52} 3.57) 4.57] 3.01] 1.95] 6.61] 0.32) 0.62
0.34} 1.54] 3.90] 3.01] 0.90} 1.18 | 3.38) 0.34] 2.22
0.59] 7.98} 4.98] 4.75] 4.34] 1.70] 1.30] 0.00] 0.76
0.70 | 3.94] 3.10] 0.40] 2.50] 2.52] 2.66] 0.70) 0.50
0.50} 2.50] 3.34} 2.82] 0.10] 1.30 |...--..|...-.--|...----
1.67 | 1.80] 1.26] 1.11 | 2.63] 0.58) 1.75 | 0.63] 1.72
D863] We25 |e vesaelaosesne |[ewienaers | ansimaasl sare 2.23 | 2.62
5.90 | 1.40] 1.95) 3.10] 1.20} 0.10] 0.35] 0.87] 1.05
2.85 | 1.55) 3.60] 3.30) 0.25 | 3.90] 1.10] 3.80) 1.70
2.80 | 3.73} 3.94] 2.98] 0.86] 0.55] 0.13) 0.33) 0.76
0.69 | 0.56) 8.41] 3.06] 0.45} 1.10] 1.48] 0.35 | 0.48
0.71 | 0.10] 1.42] 1.66] 2.34] 2.88] 0.30) 0.18 | 1.02
1.41 | 1.07] 5.84] 2.75 | 2.39] 3.89) 3.98] 0.29 | 0.15
1.56 | 2.38] 6.32| 2.69] 3.10) 2.38] 1.93] 1.74] 0.80
1.58) 2.52) 4.06} 2.64] 2.10] 1.62] 1.59] 0.77] 1.01
POWER, N. DAK.
VSON, scecepenisineee ced anecate lc sects a sass: lex se cc salwar 3.85 | 4.96} 0.14 | 2.80] 1.07] 0.60 | 0.99 |........
FORT RANSOM, N. DAK
1868) cs gece ses hes] ole 2 Soc ls of ease lamar lessee rei [Rien pte eal wis eel [eden tiarels Sel apie ia 0.80 |.....--.
1869 .......---------| 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 2.80} 0.79 | 0.54] 5.18 | *3.94 a 0.34) 0.33 | *15.77
1870 .-ce.ceeeseseze cs 1.84 | 0.58 | 1.68 | 0.34 | 3.60) 1.95 | 0.70 | 2.11 | 2.36) 1.07] 0.18 | 0.63] 17.04
IST, cexvgsseeerecccss 0.43 | 0.57 | 1.55 | 3.26) 0.63 | 2.96; 0.30 | 0.35) 0.17] 0.34] 1.73 | 1.43] 18.72
1972) seneeses secs omnes 1,33 [0.96 | 1.20 | 2:20.) 2276 |) SydO] 9.19) cawices cl seicisieriel sieee ses aeaines <lenmeas's| omeecioe
Means .......- 0.92 | 0.57 | 1.28} 1.65) 2.45) 2.80) 2.68) 2.55) 2.16] 0.47) 0.75] 0.80] 19.08
FORT RICE, N. DAK.
Sapa 1.98 | 0.81 | 0.00 |.......] 0.50] 0.69 |........
1.46 | 0.54. |sseenselesosanre T 0. 68 My leer sis
0.12 | 0.72} 1.41] 1.14 | *0.96 Le | O33. |sscitwesc
3.84 | 1.10] 0.51 T 0.38 | 0.34 T 9. 84
3.73 | 1.53] 1.19) 0.40] 0.92] 0.34] 0.34] 14.10
2.25 | 1.79] 1.36) 1.16] 0.80] 0,25 T *12.55
‘ 1 5.08 | 0.22] 0.69 - 0.75 | 47] 0.32) 11.74
1875 .-...-----------| 0.38 | 1.38 | 0.41 | 3.32 | 4.01) 0.42] 0.51 | 1.62) 1.23} 1.04] 0.51] 0.18] 15.01
1876 ....-.---.----.-| 0.14 | 1.30 | 0.56 | 0.21] 3.75) 1.29] 0.80] 1.19] 1.20 Te lewaseasc 80.150 Vaccines e
ASTT cnig seemee sansnd|ageinsa|esates| TE |eesnec 4.25) 7.57 | 3.83] 2.59} 0.08] 1.01} 0.71 | 1.69 1........
1878 ....-.----------| 0.19 | 1.00 | 2.15 | 7.28 | 4.40] 3.78 | 2.18) 3.40 3.05) 2.65 | [0.20]} [0.60] (80. 88]
Means ......--| 0.61 | 0.66 | 0,62 | 2.07] 2.82) 2.95

1.38 | 1.48] 0.83] 0.85 | 0.50] 0.40 ; 1.17
I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
/
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. Dl

.

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued,

RICHARDSON, N. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.

Apr. | May. Jone July. | Aug. Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. ieee:
| 1 : :

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| | !
1.40] 6.00' 5.20| 640 2.50 0.70 0.70 1,50 ........
3.90| 3.80} 2.50] 2.80: 0.10: 1.00 1.30! 0,50! 23.40
eo ABBE eee eee eee, 110} 1.20 | 1.00 1 2.40 1.002. 2.80 | 2.75 | LAO cre cine 0.80 0.80, 0,90 2...
, | 3.20 | 2.96 oo .saee a eee 1,07 0,60) 3,00 '........
: PS OAS6: || 2 Rea) fe ed OB! lies sapeh tt cl cease Onl Se acre crashes ue ele
hy :
: Means .....2.. | 2:25 | 1-19 1.09 | 8.47 2.34 | 4.62 a 3.38 1.30 0.89 0.85, 148 26.48
: I i | |
ST. JOHNS, N. DAK.
1801 ..... eereneveta cs sessell cpanel al Geese asso [eaten eel adhd | ogee 1m} 112] 144] 3.41 |e...
ST. THOMAS, N. DAK
1891 ...2-. ee eee CSAs ol hare foes ante alse ee a Ae er 5.33 | 2.24] 3.01] 2.34] 0.10) 5.50 |........
SANBORN, N. DAK
TS 90} arsioce e eraaSeaihuaedcysre'[Porap esate tesesbaeses RS ce ts cg lc al erence eae wie od ms See Na eben a ig ah ais Seabee lama eutaca ade
»
: FORT SEWARD, N. DAK.
1873. ccoveuawne coscce 0.34 | 0.32} 0.36} 0.26) 3.10, 3.14] 1.93] 5.14
0.20 | 0.39! 0.22} 310! 5.88] 0.97] 9.73
0.14} 0.10 | 0.30] 2.57, m2.65 | 0.84] 3.16.
0.16 | 2.00 | 2.93] 5.15| 1.13 2.92 | 0.80
0.04 | 0.571 0.93} 1.97' 6.31] 2.72] 0.43
oe) tes) ans 318 | 3.82 | 1.88] 2.45 °
SPIRITWOOD, N. DAK.
ISS eee s signeens Netoee 0.22 | 0.81} 0.16} 2.95 |..022. |e... fee.
STEELE, N. DAK.
RRO Et Sas Zack elles ee sta 0.57| 3.65) 1.28! 2.94] O44 |... 0.06 | 0.201 0.65 |........
1890) gee xticcets scsevacte 0.65 | 0.50 | 1.35 /*0.80 | 1.35) 7.93 | 0.59) 0.45] 0.84 [L222 LL. 0.10) 0.30 '........
POT ees es a at tees 1.52} 1.38] 3.39] 7.40] 4.08) 0.56] 2.05) 1.83 ....... Mos ee
Means) ececces |escees|oes axe 1.44 | 0.92 asia 5:20 | a 0.48] 1.20] 0.94) 0.15 0.48 |........
|
: 7 FORT STEVENSON, N. DAK.
ers oetal aloes] egenceat Ga eset: eae cear 0.13 | 0.03] 0.57] 0.67] 0.
0.20 | 0.90 | 0.68 ee 1.88] 0.97] 3.16] 0.24] 0.08! 0:00 ae “HL B
0.02 2.05; T | 2.70]....... 1.65 | 242 3.00) 4.15! 0.09! 0.37 2...
0.80 | 0.80 | 3.50 Le 3.00) 3.35 | 0.28) 0.20) 0.15 | 1.78] 0.79 | 16.99
0.06 | 0.76) 0.77] 0.55/ 1.50! 249] 215| 3.73] 0.82! 0.a1| o70| 4,99
0,55 | 1.43) 0.14 | 1.26) 1.46) 1.80} 1.95) 0.97] T | *0.03| 0.04) "9.80
T (0.42 | 0.48 | *1.15) 1.51 0.41 | 3.19] 0.54! 0.02) 0.10] 0.02) *7.81
0.51 0.171 0.26 | 0.33, 2.92] 2.151 6.35) 1.93, 0.60! 0.73] 096] 14.98
1.00 , 1.96 | 1.30 ea 224 | 0.86; 5.82} 2.20) 0.05) 0.77] 0.11! 21.86
6.02 | O71 [0.00] 474 |...--..| O.1u) Ler} 1.03] O45| dial wool

 

 

 

 

 
2 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

*

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

FORT STEVENSON, N. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. {Annual.
0.18 | 2.74 | 0.69] 0.36] 5.00] 0.91 |... 22. 1.77 1.58 T 040) cc cceses
0.92 | 0.86 | 2.67] 3.35] 5.80] 3.68 1.00 |- 0.06 | 1.53 | 0.06} 1.07 21. 00
0.11 | 0.49 | 0.66! 2.48] 2.20! 0.83! 1.96! 1.08! 0.36! 0.88) 0.91 12. 23
0.56 | 0.14 0.60] 2.31) 5.83 2,01] 3.12] 2.10] 1.26 1.00} 0.18 19. $3
0.54 | 2.05 | 3.25] 2.49] 5.61] 4.34] 0.21] 2.56) 2.82] 0.74] 0.70 25 74
0.10) | 0765 4d: O58 eee aslo citveulhings cee divans aol 2o0eanl eames aval aoe ewtusleee cee were
0.37 | 1.08 | 1.16} 2.00] 3.19] 1.83] 2.88) 1.38] 0.96] 0.49] 0.49 15. 77
FORT TOTTEN, N. DAK.
Board ai oha [Cadet revel aie td deal a ee an leyere ier eee Seren 2.62) 1.18! 0.03] 0.40] 0.00 )........
0.01 | 1.00! 0.40] 5.35] 0.59] 2.33] 0.82] 2.04] 1.32] 1.10] 0.24 15. 20
0.74 | 0.90 ; 1.87] 1.04] 5.91] 0.06] 1.95] 0.41] 0.80] 0.93] 1.12 17. 03
0.26 | 3.40 | 3.15 | 1.10] 1.66] 4.00] 2.48] 0.60; 0.78 | 0.64] 0.19 19. 00
1.32 | 0.87 | 0.57 | 3.75) 4.68] 1.03 | 2.34{ 0.70] 0.06] 0.77] 0.05 17. 30
0.03 | 0.49! 0.62} 1.43) 2.52] 0.98] 6.34) 1.92] 0.40] 1.41] 0.19 16.71
0.80 | 0.24 11.54) 2.77] 6.25) 1.62] 3.44 | 2,21 1.66] 0.75 |] 0.38 22.17
0.42 | 1.52 | 0.42 | 3.92] 1.10] 2.33 | 2.48| 1.08] 0.00) 0.53] 0.48 14. 40
0.00 | 0.90 10.47] 4.41] 5.12] 5.16; 0.00] 0.19] 0.58] 0.51 1.30 18. 84
0.30 | 3.70; 5.19 | *2.88] 2.90} 2.82) 0.70] 1.10! 2.46] 0.70] *0.20| *22.45
0.70 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 3.80] 3.90] 2.10] 3.80] 1.30; 1.50] 0.20] 1.44 19,15
0.60 | 0.30 |*0. 24 | *4.388 | 3.17] 2.94] 8.80] 0.38 | *0.55 T *0. 48 eat
' 1.34 | 0.28 '*0.30! 2.05 | 3.88) 0.10] 2.24] 2.46) *0.24! 5.10 ve *18.15
'*0. 30 | 2.04 | 2.40; 1.30] 4.30] 1.08} 0.31 | 0.385) 3.89] 1.73] 0.40 *18, 58
(0.79 | 0.19; 1.71 | 1.79 142, 1.84] 1.46] 0.14] 4.10] 0.73] 2.84 17. 93
| 0.58 | 0.68 | 2.38; 1.20) 2.50: 3.05] 3.72] 1.32) 0.92 | 0.25] 0.48 17. 36
0.25 | 0.15; 3.07 | 1.70] 3.45] 5.83} 1.91] 0.13 | 0.66 | 0.90] 0.47 18. 69
0.19 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 2.75 | 2.79) 1.29] 1.06] 0.87] 1.16] 0.65] 0.38 14,22
0.50 ; 0.56 | 0.63 | 1.57] 5.57] 4.62] 2.36] 0.59] 0.98! 0.40] 0.87 19. 35
0.09 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.60 | 7.41; 3.34 | 0.90] 0.47] 0.87] 0.27] 0.11 16. 13
: 0.64 | 0.16 | 0.78 | 0.62; 1.56] 2.05 | 2.69) 1.62 = 0.19 } 0.00 10, 54
1890 .........--.----| 0.35 | 0.60 |} 0.27 | 1.97 | 0.79 | 6.84 1.25 | 2.37} 0.80) 4.00; 0.00 |.......)02. 022.
Means ........ 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.92] 1.40] 2.32] 3.69] 2.37] 249] 0.99] 1.20] 0.83] 0.55 17.78
VALLEY CITY, N. DAK.
/
1891) sate seed uscmecedl ede del eee aealehoaeraweshl wenn eee eae accel eaaenes 1,20) 3.56] 095 |.......).....2..
WAHPETON, N. DAK.
NBR » ice eas faek Scat hen a esther ech eee ata etter [Deca aR an teat Ne teN ae Date 0.94 | 1.30] 1.97] 0.00 T 0.18 | once seise
P80 veloc dis Steere Sas 0.50 |...--- 0.30 | 0.72 | 2.98) 5.75} 4.84) 2.91 | 3.382] 1.73] 0.385 | 0.10 ]........
DF woe e hones 0.05 | 1.54 | 1.19 | 1.73 | 1.82] 5.36] 4.49] 0.77] 2.32] 0.93] 1.00!) 1.30 22.50
Meuns .2c0cncs QW 28) fecmnes 0.74} 1.22} 2.40) 5.56] 5.14] 2.49] 3.80] 0.89] 0.45] 0.53 [........
WILD RICE, N. DAK.
TG ocx ah cies ache dain e's wae eclalaic Miaiohoce twatennnlfaeaae 7.07 | 1.41] 3.39] 2.09] 1.84] 0.35} 0.20 |....-...
DO Sect d ence caw wwe ae 0.35 | 1.65 | 1.25] 1.68) 0.95 | 3.78} 7.66] 1.26] 2.58} 1.26} 0.67] 0.78 23. 87
Means ......-.).-.2-2]-.---- We Seue uakeca|asser 5.42] 4.54] 2.32] 2.34] 1.55] 0.51] 0.49 [....0..
WILLOW CITY, N. DAK.
USO be was reteset eters ccs aaah tne eee 2.41] 3.17] 1.02] 1.55] 3.03] 1.25] 1.10 }.... 2...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

WOODBRIDGE, N. DAK.

53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
|
| |
a | eeped lGaacealasawal eats | beadeoe j=" aM aaee. aorss | ieee | 0.88 0.55 | Wedd |eacnewus
FORT YATES, N. DAK.
1882 3-02 sissamne sees 0.50 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 2.00} 2.04] 2, 59 2.63 | 0.07] 0.87. 0.57) 0.12] 0.06 12. 55
1883 gcse vvecewes ooze 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.78 | 1.59] 2.12] 1.97} 2.25] 0.67] 0.04! 1.08; 0.15] 1.98 14.13
MEY fanss « ctsicatonn vase 0.58 | 1.24 | 0.23 | 0.72} 0.62) 2.75] 3.10] 3.12) 1.56, 0.81) 0.58] 0.63) 15.94
1885 0.39 | 0.73 | 0.44 | 1.92] 1.78] 5.68] 2.80] 1.10} 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.34] 0.95 16. 75
DOD aha Hminnce ape 1.12 | 4.62 | 1.09 | 0.89] 1.58] 2.05} 4.70; 4.83 | 0.80 | 0.50! 1.19] 0.60 23. 97
TBST qian suse naay view 0.47 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 2.24) 2.00] 0.57] 3.59} 1.94] 1.81) 0.37) 0.15] 0.87] 14.22
TRE grearatoen cka ames malas 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.30] 0.80] 7.92] 3.66] 2.32] 0.20° 0.11) 0.08] 0.20 16. 24
TERS wend od nenawe antes 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.33] 1.14] 3.29] 1.74] 3.99] O.28% | 0.59 0.10 | 0.07] 0.28 13. 68
PO ease vemean ete 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.22] 1.33] 0.57] 6.84] 2.59] 1.51] 0.68} 0.60] 0.16] 0.39 15. 60
1291 coewesve veces cece 0.07 |-0.84 | 1.37] 3.08 | 1.384] 4.70] 2.63] 0.42] 1.66 1.25 |) 0.95, 0. 67 18. 98
NEGATIS x ciavenee 0.52 | 1.02 | 0.62 | 1.52] 1.61] 3.68] 3.19} 1.63] 0.80 0.58 | 0.38 | 0.66 16,21
Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota.
7
ABERDEEN, 8S. DAK.
1800 ....0d csaw aww seaw] ox wesk| are eex 0.18 | 0.28) 2.04 54] 1.40; 0.85! 1.18) 1.33 | 0.40) 0.20 |.....-.-
ASU] wpscoe eevee sou 0.08 | 0.55 | 0.40 | 2.50] 1.65} 2.76) 1.65) 0.63) 1.56] 1.88] 1.30] 1.00 15. 96
Means .....---|..---.|.-2+-+ | 0.29 | 1.39) 1.84] 5.15] 1.52 | 0.74) 1.87] 1.60 | 0.85 | 0.60 |........
ALEXANDRIA, 8. DAK.
3.86 | 3.79 | 2.61] 0.67} 3.22 | 0.75 | 0.45 |........
4.55 | 6.72] 3.80] 1.68) 1.60 0.06 | 1.18 30. 54
“768 | BAB | 881 | G0 Sscwrcchoervec | OLHO lemoncane
4.26 | 2.38 | 2.86] 2.16 | 1.00 50 | 0.20 1.....22-
6.45] 3.05 | 1.40] 0.43 20222222222. We 92 fence
Means .-..--.. 0.28 | 1.25 | 1.34 | 3.38 | 2.09 | 4.13 | 3.62) 2.90 | 2. 24 1.94 | 0.44 | 0. 87 25. 08
I

ARMOUR, 8S. DAK.
ABEO ise, eos | weduslheases| conan pease 4.32| 3.10] 7.03] 1.80 ]....... eae Veruncred [utero eae aaa

BANGOR, S. DAK.
1891 ae semeeseeecemillawad |scees ol perce semen .os see RAT Vezciasvel bas ceaktensasas| sen eis fvatiobs 2 eevwlarcraiel as stadsieiois

FORT BENNETT, S. DAK =
seen ¥ Sai] aw germane maneluie ae | aseeere | 0.15; 008} 0.55 |........
4.10 | 3.07] 1.45 | 2.24 { 2.74! 1.00] 0.70 ot 19. 80
1.35) 4.06 | 2.29) 0.32] 1.03; 0.69] 0.50) 6.05 17. 80
2.35 | 3.99] 1.79] 1.88] 0.30 | 1,19 aD 1.18 16. 91
2.69; 3.10] 3.79 | 0.74! 0.68 0.96) 0.17) 0.46 16. 90
2.40] 5.62) 1.55) 5.87] 1.47) 0.14) 0.28 |... 2 lle l ee.
3.50] 1.56) 5.85] 0.68!) 1.16! 0.04 + 1840). 150 leastesce
1.53} 4.41) 1.40] 0.71 |) 2.03 0.43) 0.59] 0.24] 13.59
1.08) 1.76) 1.70} 2.29 | 1520" | A639 dacs clccmenea| senses
0, 53 0.66 | 0.78 | 2.08; 2.88) 3.45) 2.48] 1.84 | 1.33 0.69 0.46 0.57 Lis 28
i ' '

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
ee

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

- BON HOMME, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
AST? ssccce seusee scncleeseec|sen ses 2:13) "2.60" (S230) |ecewtu: lsc ciewes ieee seer |iss «ed: lessees eances les ce eecel sane
BRITTON, 8S. DAK. :
1891 cot cacasdee ec deed | war neal atone sence | peeeiion| iii [seireets 2.04} 0.97] 0.90] 0.73 |........
ry
Dp BROOKINGS, 8. DAK.

1S88: scjsuserdeeaesasl pss ses sexu sa) ie aise tape eoloas a celee asics 1.61] 3.21] 0.56} 0.62 |....... 0:05 |ascs sens
ASO ts oecemeeed apeveiess 1.05 | 1.20 | 0.16 | 1.02) 1.50] 1.48] 2.92} 0.72} 2.70 MP |sieesc ae) (0294. leeew ence
1890! . coeccteecetee ces OVE jocssce 0.56 | 0. 3.33 | 7.91 | 1.54] 2.07] 0.45] 0.31] 0.30] 0.80 ]-....-....
NBO ceciecevica meas eae 0.10 |*1.00 | 0.60 | 2.23] 0.84] 4.09] 2.01 | 1.38] 0.48] 1.07] 0.25 | 2.30] *16.35
Means ......-- 0.60 | 1.10 | 0.44) 1.35] 1.89] 4.49] 2.02) 1.84] 1.05] 0.50] 0.28] 1.02 16. 58

; CANTON, S. DAK.
PERO sin cre aui cis etm eatatell eee [2 oldatell tects aa|l torsion weeeee[eeee---| 1.40] 3.09 4.53 |-...... 1.08 | 1.88 |....-...
1890! csersiats esis s bance 1.65 | 0,10 | 2.30) 2.12] 3.44 | 3.91] 1.68] 2.46) 0.87] 0.73] 1.36] 0.60 21. 42
VB9N pac ecictersierns Horeay 02802) 1205) 1/20) B40) | BIB BBQ ee ae eects oe oes a Seee cere) cieneiclecd Soil weil aes
Means ......-- 1,22 | 0.65 | 1.75 | 2.78 | 2.88 | 4.86; 1.54 | 2.78] 2.70 |.... Ti22 |) B24 laces cess

7
CASTLEWOOD, 8S. DAK.
W891 ois eee eles heey eects |eeleee see Melee wo feist winisiataice [acess 1.92) 1.28) 0.83) 0.55] 1.49 ]........
CLARK, 8. DAK.
1889 oe co waceasae sone seed alee scestieessediinses siararerarstl stare sy = 3. 69 T 5.29 | 0.40 T 0.19 |........
1890. .scsccceuierates-ae T LT levees 0.45 | 3.10] 6.28} 1.49] 0.88] 0.87] 0.96} 0.22 }.......).0 0.2L.
VSQT. oo icieispenorestearess arses 0.00; T | 1.00] 3.74] 3.35] 3.01} 0.99) 1.03 | 111] 0.96} 1.20) 0.57 |........
Means ......--.; T WY | elas 2.10 | 3.22] 4.64] 2.06] 0.64) 2.42] 0.77| 0.47] 0.38 |........
CROSS, S. DAK.
1890; comsnoharanceas last Beles 1.84 2.28 | 2.56 }....... 1.29 | 0.03 |.-....- O08 sic ccanlaoceccce
18OV esos aeeangenas aclhemie eas 1.27 | 1.77 |......| 2.59 | 4,53] 1.86] 3.41 | 1.57] 0.50] 0.21] 0.25 |....... .
Means’... ccc] ssc ecadencese! 1.80 ---| 2.44] 3.54 |o..eee. 2.35 | 0.80 |-.....- Ob 18 loca cas| cece sens
FORT DAKOTA, S. DAK. >

T866 cacexecoadksn cident eefaantes | peo ceaaa ose eds ae ote 90.75 | 1.74] 4.25} 0.12] 1.62 |.......]....- Ses
ASET: cmcisaversorspde cisise!les Baie nadie [ere cree 65.00! ercciena late eewel isin sal sea nel eusone aleewneits [aad eleke canes
TSGR awa yayende nas kes qaillagmsel eemeec ew omsel ekicg oeeleee seal receiainicse 1.91 | 2.91 | 1.26] 0.88! 0,32 |........
L869 sictionticvsreie raise 0.03 | 1.02 | 0.47 0.97 | 00.41 |.......|..----. 2-2-6 Seb iars oar inallp Met Avena retcrs
Méanienctccesclescecn esses laceeais BABE | oa a acsiscallesicie we 1.82 | 3.58 | 0.69] 1.25 |... ...[. ee twee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. DO

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued,

DEADWOOD, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June. | July. Au g. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. /Annual
|
1.01 | 3.85 | 8.77] 7.80 |....... “5.77 | “2.61 | *2.06 | *1.81 | *0.75 | 3.63 |.--.----
0.72 | 0.51 | 7.69) 5.03 | 4.67] Lk2 |) Ld9. O82] 4.26] 0.27} 1.14 28. 50
Lid | 0.75 | 1.57} 2.43 | 3.33] 1.51) 3.33) 0.30) L27] 2.37] 0.64 19, 20
1.26 | 2.59] 2.05 | 3.70) 3.04] 1.56) O56) LsO] O58] O81] 0.05 21.13
0.21} 1.29] 7.31 | 7.05] 5.78) 4.81 1.97 | 0.28 | ORR} 1.85] 2.57 33. 83
1.32 | 0.84 | 5.69 | 10.33 | 5.26] 1.82) 182, 0.11] 0.80] 0.45) 1.01 20. 69
1.01 | 2.61 | 2.29) 1.72) 2.51) 3.51 | 3. 07 | 199) 1.48) 1.46] 1.79 24, 29
2.88 13.31] 3.11] 3.22] 4.83] 144! 2.92! O90 | 1.69] 1.40] 1.18 28, 48
1.78 | 2.12) 6.72] 1.01] 2.00] 2.45] Lest | 1.06] 0.96] 3.24} 1.51 25.97
0.74 | 2.01) 6.47 | 4.25] 2.16] 3.70) 3.22] 1.75] 2.05] 0.48) 1.65 31. 66
1.21] 1.99 | 5.17 | 4.65) 3.73] 2,84 | 2.23 | 1.06 | 1.58 | 1.26) 1.51 28. 48
DE SMET, 8S. DAK.
ABED scarararaisreronia aye. cee nileeamigs 0.50 | 0.04 | 2.36 | 2.59} 1.20} 4.80; 0.38] 2.74 | 0.10] 0.01 | 1.80 ].....---
0.50 | 0.41 | 1.14] 3.19] 5.385) 1.25] 1.25] 0.70} 0.32] 0.70] 0.80 15. 86
1.10 | 0.80 | 2.88 | 0.69) 3.81] 1.46] 0.20] 1.49 | 0.86 | 1.05] 1.87] 7 15.78
Means ....---. 0.26 | 1.05 | 0.62 | 2.13 | 2.16] 3.45] 2.50] 0.61] 1.64 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 1.26 16.70
EGELAND, 8. DAK.
ABOL oc cerciaidovscee Sted leceees| omic men |aoeene| cece BAG || 4,32 | sieeve na etsieaie| Saad ways] cio aac slletseeeisalaesiied:«|e maceciee
ELKTON, 8. DAK.
ABOL, cccaernisinie: 2.6 sietieiee 0.72 | 1.35 | 1.68 | 2.94) 2.11 | 3.19) 1.19] 1.50] 0.50] 1.33] 0.22] 2.05 18.78
FIRESTEEL, S. DAK.
0.80 | 0.50 | 1.95 | 4.00} 3.95] 2.20] 3.20] 1.50] 0.5 0522). OTS Ve arcictctelats
0.65 | 2.20' 0.15) 3.00} 2.40] 6.55} 2.65} 4.70] 1.50] 0.13) 0.50 24.95
O10) B85 2.60 | 4.60 | BdO biseesetwas ewes seats) = cece [Msmmemeds eemnes|tncee se
Means .....-.. 0.55 | 0.52 | 2.02 | 1.57) 3.87 | 2.92] 4.38] 2.92) 3.10] 1.00] 0.18] 0.32) 25.35
FLANDREAU, S. DAK.
NB90! oe aasnianrcisa se aicie 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.42) 1.08 | 4.85 | 5.98] 3.25; 2.06; 0.92} 0.65] 0.53] 0.39 20.53
ASO] os seysinee ees ace 0.12 | 0.67 | 1.20 | 2.82) 0.81 | 4.83] 3.05 | 2.33 | 0.35] 1.48 |. 0.46] 2.60 20, 72
Means ........ 0.18 | 0.41 | 0.81) 1.95 | 2.83] 5.40) 3.15] 2.20] 0.64] 1.06) 0.50] 1.50 20. 63
FORESTBURG, S. DAK.
1SOD joiniais gaeigncienis sasafnavcwellnn nies aeneesl| Joicca 0.38} 6.31) 1.45] 2.18] 1.02] 0.87] 0.48] 1.07 ]........
FOREST CITY, 8. DAK.
ABST owe ses ciziede wives aes eee | as somal we seeel see cel eeeeiers| cameess 7.53 | 0.57] 1.66] 1.49] 0.75 [2-222 -f lee.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
D6 _ CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.
Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

FRANKFORT, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

oe
Year Jan. | Feb.| Mar.| Apr. | May. | June. July. Aug: | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annnal.
ASO ceo oxten sa | pee rien ake er eareaoree ae adore neeiae 0.67} 0.69] 1.19] 1.30 ]-......-.
GARDEN CITY, S. DAK.
VSS, ticle trad rticnevuicisig | Setatelerll ich cicra| eicielalecl letabcestel areroparalegs oral secre rateettel lasielaicieeall feed 1.02 | 0.34] 1.25 |....-.--
1888 acevo canwarerc aes 0.40 | 0.40 | 1.79 | 2.85 | 2.25] 1.10] 4.55) 2.97} 0.60] 0.37 | 0.09] 0.15 17,52
1889) aiaiescdeteessie cisterns 0262! | 0253: | 0.20) | Deib3: | Bi OU, |acceccccie ul atorerorea cll ow aeremrsl|lamiswiarcearererecaiere jaca er etencral| malo eiaseletis wien
Means ......-.. 0.51.1 0.46 | 1.005) 2.79) 2.68) |. wacis cfemmwenelasicewea|eeeweca 0.70 | 0.22] 0.70 |....-.--
GARY, S. DAK.
TSO sinc ceeeniseanssisal saseien eaenes| seaeve exw |seeenerleseces< 1.69} 0.72} 1.17] 0.83] 0.45) 0.89 }........
\
GODDARD, 8S. DAK.
ISSR; cosines aise ee rece leisinisiert| Sactedkaateclfadeasas 3.30 }..-...- DAD! rein eaiesal se nitinois ome dined | Soiapainets (is overscan
GRAND VIEW, 8. DAK. 2 i
1888: isc ieisie ra atclakerstatal orate nial ach asaaiel eiaserg ae nciainiapel| ewtetadaiare | lala elalate |pciataetn| leew emeceier 0.42] 0.15 | 0.22 }........
FORT GREENWOOD (YANKTON INDIAN AGENCY), S. DAK.
1860 weaisicensiwcas coae|saecns 0:20: |seeeec) 3:50 | 4,40 | 12,00 |ecvcuas! swanwea|sewaces|seeeers| oeseee 15,00 |e nce nase
USGL, osc cece sae ware |e-e nex 0.25 | 3.10 | 8.00 | 7.40 j.......]-.--22./--- 2. eRe al ewe siel extsieg Allsuicieececlenvee sue
BIS iid cist sctal tocar OF less TF || BOUT ron cc cada assis is lesa uesoell oman lemmemedial| mectses
4

 

FORT HALE, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

0.08 | 0.20 | 1.50; 3.04] 4.04! 2.54] 0.54] 0.96] 0.80 T 0. 82 14. 66
0.60 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 3.68 | 4.58; 0.82] 5.46; 0.00] 1.36] 0.06) 1.12 18. 66
3.08 | 1.66 0.60) 3.92) 4.56) 2.28] 2.78) 1.30] 3.20] 0.68 T 25. 56
0.48 | 0.86 | 2.04] 2,54] 3.11] 2.98) 0.92) 0.50] 3.44] 0.50] 0.11 18. 08
1.45 | 1.21) 1.94 | 4.33 | 2.17] 3.32] 2.88 | 0.76] 2.81] 0.00] 0.40 21. 98
0:84} 1.56) } 2.07 nO. AB: |e area ese! ere neicce|seumie ae emevecare [eens loems cies [seemeee|socicence
1.09 | 0.97 | 1.43 | 3.00; 3.69) 2.39 | 2.52; 0.70] 2.32] 0.25 | 0. 49 19. 41

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HENRY, 8S. DAK.

 

0. 23

0. 39

0.29 | 3.78} 0.90} 3.72] 3.90} 2.81] 1.35

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 57

 

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

HIGHMORE, 8S. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henk aoa acs liege tae arene cee ltt as cece seein ate 0.34| 0.64| 0.45| 0.75 [....-...
WEL eiihcesr tea onk T | 1.12 | 2.03 |...... 1.87 | 6.37| 0.76] 1.81} 0.50) 1.10] 0.64] 1.55 |..-.....
Means semetiges [ie ceee legend lecaects meaoutelies asus. | ed Jak oat |e | 0.42 | 0.87] 0.54] 1.15 |----2---
= HURON, 8. DAK.

Efi asape | tenets | decor ace teegel eal ee 3.58 | 6.31) 3.11] 2.10] 0.45] 0.06 |..-.-.--

0.25 10.80] 4.18 | 4.50] 5.86] 5.88] 1.44] 0.86] 3.37] 0.61] 0.23] 28.12

0.47 | 0.42] 2.14] 4.45] 4.33] 5.20] 1.77] 1.68] 1.96 | 0.05] 0.61] 23.25

0.581 1.53]2.70} 2.90] 3.18! 5.11] 118] 1.26] 1.52] 0.17] 0.62] 20.84

0.221 0,12/1.06] 5.20} 5.43) 4.52] 3.89] 261] 0.98] 1.50] 0.10] 25.78

0.16 | 0.62 | 3.52] 1.58] 1.90) 1.60] 5.62] 1.59] 1.26] 1.18] 0.74] 20.25

1.11] 0.64] 3.72] 1.39] 3.98] 4.96] 6.13] 0.15] 0.79 | 0.25} 2.09] 25.54

0.52 | 1.22] 0.88] 4.98} 1.10] 3.11] 3.46] 0.19] 0.29] 0.34] 0.18] 17.05

0.93] 0.19} 3.41] 3.04] 1.04] 3.51] 0.66] 3.89] 0.55] 0.16] 1.53] 20.17

0.18 | 0.32} 0.64] 2.88] 5.87] 1.41] 0.73] 0.32] 0.61] 0.388] 0.68] 14.68

1.32} 1.64} 3.45] 0.44] 808] 1.01] 1.43] 0.47] 0.78 | 0.94] 0.54] 20.17

0.57 | 0.75 | 2.57 | 3.14] 4.08] 3.63] 2.97] 1.47] 1.29] 0.55] 0.67] 22.10

 

 

KIMBALL, 8. DAK.

 

~
3.20] 0.70) 2.55 | 1.05] 2.95 | 1.35] 0.60] 0.60/ 1.
2.75 | 0.60 | 2.05} 3.40] 10.15 | 0.15 | 0.30} 0.20] 2.60 24. 65
1.00 | 4.00} 1.77] 0.90] 2.15] 0.15 | 0.60; 0.10] 0 2
2.40) 1.56) 0.72) 3.93 |} 1.76] 3.43] 0.50) 0.47) 0. 74
1.45) 2.03] 3.07) 1.98] 2.21] 0.17] 0.44! 0.68 0.40 14. OX
3.25 | 0.56] 9.28] 2.53} 2.91 | 0.18] 0.67] 1.00) 0.76 24, 24

2.34} 1.58] 3.24] 2.30] 2.19] 0.90] 0.52 an ae) 16.77

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEAD CITY, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WSIS es ects saensa| tedoastis Sactihioas 2ellhaweeidl teeta wnadsn 5.77 | 2.61 | 2.06] 1.81 |...2...)..220..[...222..
LOWER BRULE AGENCY, 8. DAK.

Le hE och Sack 1.50) 0.33] 0.09} 0.28 ]........

1.46 | 4.38) 3.04) 0.26] 0.97] O14, 14.04

Dads cccad 3.34) 1.09] 0.20| 2.23 |_....--.

6.30, 1.44] 0.16] 0.10} 0.78 | *0.20| *15.92

Means .....--- 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.82} 1.86] 1.81] 1.80] 3.27| 2.91] 2.01| 0.44| 0.34] 0.71] 16.35

MAMMOTH SPRINGS, 8. DAK
SBS tse FS faa ge | eek | eee lmao esate le nceace semen eae 0.00} 0.75 | 0.51 | 3.42 |....2...
PIset Soc cet s 1, A8> | O94 | 1582 en cics)s sciccetals ctjacellaernaandl seudanal scene dleeaite alia cadlocncoslueedsncs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S. Ex. 157——8
58 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

FORT MEADE, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
asisicins sews weil agsiesa|| cameaurslsanioee 0.78 | 1.40] 0.14] 1.60] 0.04] 0.89
1.00 | 0.92 | 0.75 |...-... 4.68 | 1.62] 3.91 T 0.54} 0.44} 0.39
1.30 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 3.33 | 2.66] 1.50] 1.57] 1.00] 0.63 | 0.46 oh
0.10 | 0.60 | 4.77 | 3.87] 5.47] 3.05] 0.44] 0.26] 0.49] 0.05] 0.12
0.30 | 2.16 | 4.50] 9.61] 1.56] 2.80} 0.18] 1.60] 0.67] 0.05] 0.72
0.33 | 2.26 | 5.04] 8.58) 0.48 | 1.20; 2.30] -0.23 | *0.75 |] 0.53] 0.90
0.23 | 0.52 | 1.30] 0.64] 3.38) 1.52] 3.22] 0.28} 0.74] 0.93] 0.17
0.67 | 0.88 | 2.17] 0.57] 0.90] 3.38] 1.50] 0.40] 0.40] 1.60) 0.72
0.20 | 0.76 | 2.12) 2,72) 1.76 | 4.46] 4.25] 1.10] 0.40] 0.24] 0.36
1.29 | 0.75 | 0.20} 3.94] 5.50) 2.64) 3.54] 0.02] 0.14] 0.16] 0.17
0.85 | 0.12 | 2.64] 2.02] 1.60] 6.38] 0.00] 0.67] 1.71] 0.88] 0.86
0.46 | 1.24] 1.65} 2.31) 6.30} 0.16] 1.64] 0.76| 0.38] 0.40] 0.38
0.83 | 1.63 | 2.29] 6.60] 4.29) 1.75] 1.50] 0.87] 0.41] 0.52] 0.32
0.63 | 1.07 | 2.38) 4.02; 3.22] 2.40] 1.96] 0.56] 0.68] 0.48] 0.46
MILLBANK, §. DAK. &.
T889 oavisotice sess sve |eoouns ketene lomeees|seceus |pteseoslaas sees leeds ees|eeoeest loreecaa|teueeenfecanee 1,40 |.....2..
V890 craieisisngre Rees eee 0:00 leas xine lecswae 0.27 | 1.54] 10.53 | 0.86} 1.53) 1.45] 1.85] 0.80] 0.45 |........
1891, eicwsscies seey sexe 0.00 | 0.25 |..-... *1.86 | 1.90] 3. 04 1.44; 0.55; 0.78) 0.67) 0.40) 0.56 )........
Means .-......- 0:00: sine wie eurex are 1.06] 1.72] 6.78) 1.15) 1.04] 1.12] 1.01] 0.35] 0.80 |........
MITCHELL, 8S. DAK.
SOE cwssemessces coax mseenel ges sensed [a semesll sosiesies 8.50 | 3.01} 1.86] 1.95] 1.09] 0.381] 1.95 |......2.
MORRISTON, S. DAK
1STT wees ee eccee ce 0.60 | 0.10 | 3.35 | 2.60] 4.60] 2.40] 1.60] 1.10] 2.70] 3.50] 0.25 | 3.05 25, 85
1818 seuscectreres sees 0.45 | 0.33 | 1.30 | 4.90 | 2.30] 3.40] 10.20] 1.00] 1.20} 0.20] 1.55] 1.00 27. 83
ISTO eesiscseas weiss ceee 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.40; 1.20) 5.65] 4.75] 5.00} 1.70] 1.90] 0.70] 0.20] 0.90 v2, 80
T880 cs cenieeis ease eine 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 1.30 | 3.40] 6.90] 1.80] 5.80 ]....... 2.30] 0.05} 0.65 |........
TAS) env mane den wate 1.30 | 1.60 | 1.50] 1.00 | 7.40] 6.80} 2.40] 8.60] 3.80] 3.80] 0.40] 0.15]. 38.75
W882 sscens Geng eesis 0.60 | 0.70 | 1.20) 4.30; 2.10} 4.50) 4.30] 3.00| 0.50] 3.30] 0.60} 0.40 25.50
DO cacy else oe we 0.60 | 0.70 | 1.10 | 2.55} 4.80] 3.90] 6.30] 2.80] 1.90 |...... |...22..f.2 222. lle.
LSS4 ioc rctee eckeeisioswe la owiess' |e ote 150-340) | 4.205) Seth: 2: 60: [icp et cone seers ol gaz dec clegeeeeahoen succes
Means ......-. 0.56 | 0.68 | 1. 37 | 2.66 | 4.31 | 4.47] 4.28] 3.438) 2.13] 2.30] 0.51 | 1.02 27. 72
MOUTH CHERRY, S. DAK
BBG ea siee ois cecea ee ee her coals 0) GF serch ident ol esireaie |eoarcarstoereoisel evoareleau eave
OELRICHS, S. DAK.
1890 since casca sincere e nas) sewer 1.12 | 1.47 | 2.59 ]....... 1,07 | 0.10} 0.13] 0.09] 0.45] 0.10 ]........
1891 sces ese sues. 1.35 | 2.80 |*4.20] 0.40] 1.75] 2.00] 2.90] 1.66] 2.32 | 0.90] 0.58] 1.19 22, 05
Means we e262s)|sseses lees ces 2.66 | 0.94 | 2.17 |......- 1.98; 0.88} 1.22] 0.50] 0.52] 0.64 |........
OLIVET, 8. DAK.
ISU saisee Sides See cies eaees olla fiesedeaya 2 enaysietcllerecsreuaete 3.14] 3.23] 2.31] 1.44] 4.82] 0.80] 2.86 J........
ASUS c.eisjs, ccictecisies weit 0.08 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 4.96 | 2.48] 3.37] 5.96] 1.11] 2.56) 0.08] 0.50] 1.60 23. 49
1879 ....-...-------.| 0.10 | 0.51 | 0.42 | 1.20) 2.66 | 5.35] 1.83] 2,02] 1.57] 1.09] 0.07] 0.72 17. 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 59

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

OLIVET, 8S. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.

1880 ....--..--2.---- 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.80 | 0.31 | 5.90] 6.03] 2.30] 5.62] 0.59] 2.02] 0.03] 0.95 25. 40
188). soscuscen scenes 1.40 | 3.00 | 2.69 | 2.45 | 10.08 | 2.82] 1.30] 3.95 | 6.34] 2.75 |) 0.38] 0.15 37.31
1882) ccwieraseie cowpea <ie 0.34.) 0.75 | 0.34 | 3.64) 3.17) 6.69] 2.97] 3.14] 0.87] 3.03) 0.25 |....... ican orctats
Means ....---- 0.46 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 2.51 | 4.86] 4.57] 2.93] 3.02] 2.14] 2.30] 0.34] 1.26 26. 34

 

 

ONIDA, S. DAK.

 

 

1689) wcicterc ct tmemremtamal sammie dlls sins) seis cid 2.27 | 2.27] 1.52] 2.14 |....... O37) |xcaricnlecccwn climes elennewaax
DBO: (aiercinrarn tae ae se sain 10:0) aisiainieie!| Sinica cian iar 0.10 | 0,22 |....... 0.24) 0.27] 125] 0.25] 0.55 |......-|-.-.---.-
DSO D2 amsticee inion: site POS Seale S| Brescia) ae see 1.70] 1.56} 1.08) 0.77] 0.33 | 1.26) 1.06! 0.42; 0.51 |......-.

Means ........|------]------|------ 1.36 | 1.35] 1.30] 1.05] 0.30] 0.96} 0.66] 0.48 |......./---.----

 

 

1891 cs cseme meas cmies |stieses| daeses| seasons neal nee ecine [aware 1.30 | 0.73] 0.38 |....... 0:45 | scenes s|ovcccues

 

PARKSTON, S. DAK.

 

1BST n.6, cciwies 0 BERS] eee Ses 1.75 | 0.65 | 3.17) 1.37] 2.94} 5.20] 10.84 | 0.75] 0.15 | 0.40) 2.50 }......--.
1888 ....-...--------| 0.60 | 0.08 | 1.55 | 1.84] 8.98 | 1.16 | 2.15 | 4.47 |...-...)---2-.- 0.10 | 0:20 |eceeeess
1889 os carcaisecscace<e! 1,02 | 0.75 | O.TL | occa] scenes 2.64 | 3.86 | 2.67} 6.54] 0.70 | *0.76| 1.25 |....-...
1890 ......----..----| 1.00 | 0.20 | 1.47] 1.73 | 2.10 | 3.20 | 2.30 ]...-...|..---..|-.2--2.]..----- QPAS: | ois svsmes
1891 ......-.....----| 0.12 | 2.50 | 1.60 | 3.18 | 1.05 | 3.43) 4.00!) 4.00] 0.25] 0.65] 1.20] 1.50 23.48

 

 

 

Means ....----| 0.68 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 2.48 | 3.38] 2.67) 3.50] 5.50/ 2.51] 0.50] 0.62] 1.12 25,10

 

PIERRE, 8. DAK.

 

1891 -.......---.----] 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.30} 1.11] 0.83 | 0.96} 0.30) 0.45] 0.45] 0.66] 0.23] 0.45 6. 20

 

FORT PIERRE, 8S. DAK.

 

 

 

Means ........| 0.50 | 1.18 | 0.46 | 1.63 |.......|......- 1.18; 1.68) 1.29] 1.08} 1.40| 0.47

 

 

TSOD 3. nese ceeysl Semeae| semens lee eee [emeasie 1.14) 6.67] 2.10] 2.41 |..222..[..2.2..

 

FORT RANDALL, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.72} 0.11 | 1.21] 1.96) 1.98] 1.94] 1.14] 3.10] 2.04] 0.851 0.20 :

0.45 | 0.38 | 2.17) 3.22] 1.36) 3.85) 3.96] 0.92) 2.76! 0.26| 0.27 OL 30
0.70 | 1.76 | 0.22] 3.75 | 3.15) 0.26}; 3.84] 1.38] 0.18] 0.28! 0.14 15.70
0.32 | 0.20 | 1.28 | 4.36 | 3.40] 2.32] 1.58] 4.05) 1.20] 0.40! 0.08 19.19
0.10 | 1.34 | 1.54) 2.76 | 2.18) 1.47] 4.66] 4.27) 0.64! 0.36) 0.54 20. 23
0.27 | 0.74 | 1.43 | 2.35) 1.29] 0.47) 4.40] 3.46] 0.04] 0.20] 0.30 15.51
0.20 | 0.20 | 0.90 {| 0.22 | 1.44] 1.01 | 0.15 | 1.56] 0.50] 0.24! 0,68 7.24
60 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

e

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

FORT RANDALL, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. ; Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
T | 0.54 | 0.30 1.64] 1.60| T | 0.00
0.40 | 0.72 | 0.38 i O00) It cenccacalieicseicyard al ccesieye
da paapan a acd os 3.94] 0.26] 1.50} 0.14

0.63 | 0:76 | 0.16 | 4.08} 3.60; 2.92! 0.74] 0.00 | [1.31]} [0.49]} 0.57 | (15. 85]

0.68 | 1.22 | 0.84] 4.50) 2.26] 0.64] 1.383] 0.44] 1.33] 0.33] 0.32] 14.63
0.20 | 1.21 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 1.24 |. 5.18 | [2.60]) 2.38] 0.07] 0.52 | 0.34 | [16.92]

T | 0.81 | 0.87] 2.23) 0.49] 0.29] 0.03] 1.69] 0.11] 0.03} 0.22 7.12
0.76 | 0.18 | 2.11 | [3.54] 0.48) 1.53] 4.44] 0.48] 0.41] 1.28) 0.21 | [15.47]
0.22 | 0.85} 1.06 | 8.67] 1.65] 2.13) 2.00] 0.13] 1.138; 0.11] 0.06 | [18.42]

1.66 | 0.15 | 2.73 | 4.71 | 3.13] 1.20] 0.26] 0.60] 3.10] 0.05] 0.24] 18.30

0.21 | 0.88 | 0.58; 1.76] 5.70) 2.71] 1.49] 1.16) *1.78| 0.76) 0.76 | *17.90

0.42 | 0.77 | 1.60] 2.69 | 12.82] 0.75 | 5.15] 3.70 T T 0.10 | 28.72

0.75 | 2.49 | 2.07 | 2.70) 1.86] 8.55 | 4.90] 8.45 | 0.45] 0:70] 0.50} 33.89

0.20 | 1.90 | 4.35 | 8.15 | 6.60] 4.10] 2.20} 2.10] 5.95] 0.90) 4.75] 41.20

0.50 | 1.48 | 6.30 | 4.98 |) 7.80] 11.85 | 0.70} 2.70] 0.58] 1.10] *1.01 | *39.30

1879 T |*0.52 | 0.69 | 2.42} 6.40) 3.25) 2.45] 1.95] 0.35] 0.75 T 2.05 | *20. 83

1.87 ; 1.61) 1.07] 6.21; 4.80] 3.10] 3.80; 0.20] 3.20 T 0.50; 27.42

1.30 | 2.55 | 2.05 | 6.05 | 3.15] 1.35] 1.85] 3.95] 1.90] 0.60] 0.10} 24.95

2.00 | 1.50 | 3.40} 2.70) 4.40] 1.60] 3.50] 0.50] 3.90 T 2.20 | 25:90

1.70 | 2.30] 1.70 | 4.70! 5.00] 4.80] 1.90] 1.50]! 2.20 T 3.51 | 30.11

0.47 | 2.98] 2.80] 1.70} 4.31] 2.32) 2.39| 0.04) 0.97] 0.07] 1.08] 19.71

0.42 | 0.138 | 1.78) 1.75 | 6.16] 3.83] 5.17] 2.36] 1.16] 1.48] 0.12 | 24.56

0.32 | 1.50 | 3.39 | 2.62) 2.02] 0.24] 4.25 | 4.05] 0.91] 1.04] 0.75] 21.50

0.58 | 0.20] 1.14] 0.31 | 0.88] 2.90] 3.49] 1.68] 0.36] 0.74] 4.21 | 16.73
0.47 | 0.92 | 1.30 | 5.66; 2.64) [2.30]) 3.71] 0.66] 0.66 | [0.19]| 0.66 | [19.37]

0.40 | 0.25 | 1.95 1.97 1.43 | 6.49 1.54 3. 09 0. 60 1.10 0, 45 19. 02

0.12 | 1.19 | 2.35-) 2.06 | 2.37) 1.95] 1.94] 0.137 0.64] 0.64] 0.05) 14.04

1.34 | 1.40 | 4.389 | 0.62] 6.34] 3.23} 2.84] 0.36}-0.79] 0.42] 0.80] 22.95

0.61 | 1.06 | 1.85 |} 3.41 | 3.33] 2.70] 2.59] 1.91 | 1.28] 0.49} 0.82 | 20.47

RAPID CITY, S. DAK.

wayne 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.95 | 2.02) 3.67] 2.64] 0.20] 1.45] 0.71 | 0.12 | 0.00 ]........

0.20 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 3.47 | 4.71} 5.07] 1.80) 0.66] 0.50}; 0.60} 0.60] 0.40] 18.27
0.18 | 0.20) | 0.35. | 0.90) | T1602 faces bs occ epnevedtete eee sccenal|iaereiayese allasereieiece 0.51 | 1.66 |.......-
W200 | Oe Oey Desh Ne oi all ete ee oe tet es cele is accel 2 avert pcre ecpncepa ll lady varied oie etenelllimaeraee

0.33 | 1.62 | 1.76) 0.41 | 6.01 | 4.74 | 1.69| 4.76] 0.02] 0.43] 0.47] O51 | 22.75

0.52 1.39; 0.56) 4.22 | 2.19] 2.97] 4.521) 0.11] 0.37] 0.43] 0.32] 0.33] 17.93

0.47 | 0.66 | 1.40) 1.55] 2.46] 3.77] 0.13} 1.83) 0.75] 0.56] 0.27! 0.17) 14.02

0.27 | 0.87 | 1.96 | 2.74) 1.72] 3.25} 2.09) 1.97) 1.32] 0.34! 0.17] 0.05] 16.75

0. 45 0.83 | 1.16 | 2.03} 4.30] 3.91] 2.14) 1.59; 0.74] 0.51) 0.35] 0.45 | 18.46

i -
REDFIELD, S. DAK.
TS89) ssjenie’scceer tetas satreres [eesiereehallecctel once QOS G2) A550» [Ratelved cote hal gurcrere al renner wh a te alll anaes
ROSCOE, 8S. DAK.
TB89 0 soicxcicssraise Seeiaeeenc dedercliececs esas 0.45 | 0.80] 3.15] 0.51) 1.76 [2.2222 ft... 2 |e. lll ee
SANBORN, S. DAK.
ASSO) o's scares estates eee | new ae asteinets [aac ceaifairene 2.40! | ccwisie'n ¢ | sieadene owen ss |aeawent| tessaes vex ts onles cciniecloie sane a
ST. LAWRENCE, S. DAK

1990 ie. cnc deeeescealasas elton esd easace|eee etal eeeiees <piew cea eaneace 0.74 | 0.26] 0.46] 0.41 | 0.35 |.....22.
1801. 23 ose secre ners 0.27 | 1.45 | 0.42 | 2.78) 1.11] 6.94] 0.52 | 2.58 |......./...22.. 0.28 | 0.45 |... 22.
Mean 8 eae eecrall Wisc ox ween) sense vemeesi | eeepawalleswwceclceeced DG ecieretia/s) \ericareis 0.34 | 0.40 |... 2...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 61
Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

SCRANTON, 8. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dee. |Annual.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIOUX FALLS, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AGO styseiatnedte wba el seks |Aeoee |Laeenne Camere Loewe 3.70} 1.35] 3.03] 3.78] 0.37] 0.35} 0.75 |........
TSO cosceknes ecwes 0.35 | 1.01] 1.32 12.69 |.......|...--.- 0.68| 2.99] vT | 1.35] 0.60] 2.96 1........
Marisvwne svee| «sxe loess femmeus | Girae | seetba te eae 2.03} 3.01| 3.78 | 0.86] 0.48] 1.86 [........
FORT SISSETON, 8. DAK.
agai eerste llea seca ce aes [ner a 023 |igascualsessad- Miceae sleeadoues
peat 7.96 | 19:80. | 88: | 2637+] 1. 65) loosens cllssenecslkae aes |tcnaecr oe
1.82] 1.54] 0.99] 0.67] 3.31] 2.76) 0.41] 0.36 | 0.07 | *14.09
0.23 | 5.51| 4.73| 2.63] 0.89] 0.45] 1.50] 0.20] 0.32] 17.86
2.36] 0.74] 1.96] 1.48] 0.76} 0.36] 0.60] 0.52] 0.20] 10.x0
1.78| 4.38| 4.02] 5.04] 2.56] 1.34] 2.46] 0.56] 0.16] 23.38
254] 4.52] 2.82] 3.82] 2.00] 1.10] 3.26] 1.16] 1.38| 27.12
1.34] 2.70] 4.56] 1.16] 3.34] 0.62] 3.90] 2.60] 4.24) 32.44
2.78] 3.06] 2.22] 2.70] 4.16] 2.04] 0.36] 0.30] 0.14] 31.40
1.92] 1.46] 1.52] 2.00] 4.86] 2.92] 1.84 ].......
Tei Wetec feces alesse W580 ecto’ ptesee ol setetien
5.00} 2.00] 3.50] 4.70 |...-...|.---... 0.50 |..---..
1.50] 4.50 |....... B76! [cn scimeys 320°} 0.80} 0.00
et 3.50 | 6.00! 5.08| 3.88| O60] 2.26] 0.12
1.30] 2.52] 2.86| 1.02] 3.96] 1.64] 1.62] 0.26
2.46 | 2.20] 7.42] 3.64] 1.62] 0.36] 3.50] 0.70
1.12 | 2.51] 1.08] 2.22] 1.92] 1.65] 2.07].....--
1.26{ 3.00! 1.32] 3.45] 2.37] 1.43] 3.63] 0.52
1.86] 1.79! 3.74] 2.79] 1.53] 4.10] 0.70] 1.70
3.06 | 1.64| 1.72] 1.23] 1.60] 0.78] 1.00] 0.96
2.80} 1.87] 5.82] 5.50] 8.07] 1.02] 0.94] 0.19
0.60} 1.90| 1.56] 3.48] 2.10] 0.08] 0.60].......
EL 2 Wens eras pce? ns ol ee ell antonella ld kat | Sete
1.97] 2.96| 3.77] 3.41] 2.71 Lee ane) “eae 21. 92
SPEARFISH, 8. DAK.
1889 ooo cece eee 0.75 | 1.20 | 0.40 | 3.87! 2.60} 1.45] 5.84] 0.14] 1.42] 1.72] 0.48] 2.00] 21.87
SOD. ccc neve vnou se aan 2.10 | 0.75 | 1.541 1.47] 3.42] 6.81] 0.20] 1.66] 0.53] 1.37] 0.35] 0.53] 20.73
891, coocns eve sues ee 0.82 | 2.04 | 1.73} 2.66 | 3.15] 7.29] 2.53] 2.51] 0.71] 1.23] 0.75 | 0.90] 26.32
Means ........| 1.22 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 2.67] 3.06+| 5.18] 2.86] 1.44] 0.89] 1.44|/ 0.53] 1.14] 22.68
SPRING LAKE, S. DAK.
MBB cdi whee tame |eteee | Meee Seecedll eeccel eee eles as oal| Serene eee eee eed 11.75 | 0.05] 0.28 |........
1889 .....--s2sccceee 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 8.40} 5.40] 4.00] 875] 2.00 |......-].......|...--..|...--..|..----..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
62 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annuat precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

FORT SULLY, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
Sunereraell eisevetate AO eewecaclemeerex t|seecess| Soeeade| sence igeeiccale ecscwel uc eeneceue
detect sl easmrere| neu eae |e oes) se emiek x emescurel cccaice «ae ieeeseno| iene selec smaiere OT: | sce eparcece

0.50 | 0.06 | 0.96] 3.11 | 3.50} 0.90] 4.96] 1.06 T 0.62 | 0.40 16. 15
0.55 | 2.40 | 2.10) 2.76) 1.64] 2.50] 1.35] 2.28] 1.10] 0.10 T 17.48
0.50 | 9.60 | 2.63) 2.25) 1.50] 4.50] 0.25 T Q,20 | 0.30) 0.11 23.74
0.10 | 0.25 | 3.66 | 2.98] 2.34] 6.48] 1.53] 0.21] 6.02] 1.28] 0.57 19. 42
0.29 | 0.49) 1.06] 3.17] 3.23] 1.86] 2.66] 0.07] 0.56] 0.15) 0.08 14. 62
0.17 | 0.92 | 0.21 | 5.05} 6.24] 0.67] 0.57) 0.18; 1.51] 0.55] 0.08 16, 24
0.91 | 0.58 | 1.60] 2.62} 2.36] 0.51:| 3.26] 0.89] 0.38] 0.20] 0.15 13. 99
0.10 | 0.91 | 1.07} 1.387] 4.25] 1.99] 4.14] 4.09] 0.45] 0.52] 0.56 19.54
0.03 | 2.51 | 4.14} 4.02} 1.76] 3.69] 0.84] 0.44] LIL] 0.88) 2.48 22. 91
0.25 | 0.14 | 3.91 | 3.471 1.73] 7.45! 0.80! 0.971 0.50! 0.391 0.56 20.19
0.23 | 0.24} 1.20) 4.70] 6.14] 6.35] 2.41} 0.55 | 0.94] 0.03] 0.56 23. 50
0.65 | 1.02 | 1.71] 1.88) 2.35] 1.93] 5.26] 0.12] 0.14] 0.16] 0.56 16. 66
0.36 | 0.54 | 1.00) 2.96 | 3.02] 1.83] 0.50} 2.50] 0.50] *0.31 | *0.00 | “14.85
0.09 | 0.42 | 2.56 | 1.81] 3.19] 2.12] 0.20] 1.07] 0.14 | *0.31 | *0.06] *12.20
0.44 | 0.67 | 2.68] 3.58] 3.38] 3.28] 3.08] 0.08] 1.37] 0.00] 1.18 19. 91
0.35 | 0.87] 0.14] 0.36) 3.00] 2.57] 0.72} 0.71] 1.29) 0.19] 0.89 11.97
0.30 | 0.06 | 2.28) 2.70] 5.12] 2.71] 4.50] 1.77] 0.12] 0.65] 0.14 20. 72
0.10 | 0.66 | 3.62 | 0.86} 3.24] 2.44] 1.41] 0.44] 0.49] 1.60) 0.96 16.00
0.18 T | 0.90] 1.28] 2.88] 3.04| 3.12] 0.35] 0.85} 0.13] 0.50 14. 26
0.35 | 0.49) 0.53 | 2.63 | 3.73 | 3.47] 2.50! 0.12] 0.21] 0.11] 0.26 14.77
0.46 | 0.59 | 2.86 | 2.96 | 1.64] 3.35] 1.01] 1.09] 0.08] 0:19] 0.36 15, 29
0.20 | 0.28 | 0.58) 1.27] 6.41] 0.25] 0.61] 1.54] 0.44] 1.01} 0.44 13. 28
0.78 | 0.65 | 2.64} 1.98) 2.13} 0.78 | 1.41] 1.37] 0.538] 0.33] 0.30 13.18
0.43 | 1.06 | 1.89] 2.60] 3.25] 2.81] 2.05] 0.95] 0.57] 0.441] 0.47 16. 96
SWAN LAKE, S. DAK.
ASSL Sethe cous 0.85 | 1.07 | 0.79 | 0.53 | 4.34] 0.46] 1.60] 3.90] 5.00 |.......[..2 222} ee
TYNDALL, 8S. DAK.
1 SOT meen t odie panos caer dee salience pews saclbeoteen 1.31) 5.89] 0.26) 0:94) 0.57] 1.95 J... 2...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1891 220. ene e ween enna [enw e ee [pew ene lene wen lee sence nace e elem eee lene n ne clone wen e[enmenenfecnenns 0.52 | 1.07 }........

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WEBSTER, 8. DAK.

 

1882. niceenevnneceed se mal eorex lose cctel seicistes [ee eciniews 8.45 | 8.21] 0.62] 0.65) 9.39} 2.82] 1.36 ]_.......
1883. Jctsccseeeeexes 3.33 | 2.18 | 1.80} 1.71 | 3.99} 1.94] 2.32] 1.84] 3.78) 4.85} 0.08) 4.72} 32.54
VSBA.  caiasceraste apse eterers 1.42 | 7.46 | 5.30 | 3.73 | 9.19 | 8.01 | 14.65) 6.41) 1.48] 5.09] 0.92] 1.52 65.18
TESS, <assiiecedeeenics 0.31) T | 0.71 | 6.33 | 5.33] 8.88) 4.97] 1.41] 8.28] 0.79] 1.17] 0.63 38. 81
1886.22. -c0n cece cone 1.24 | 1.93 | 2.02 | 7.72 | 6.22) 891 | 1.37 | 2.36] 171) 1771 4.33 | 2.32 41.90
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

WEBSTER, 8. DAK.—Continued.

63

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. Oct. t Nov. | Dec. seas
1.64 | 3.94 | 1.72] 3.09} 4.73] 2.27 0.29 | 2.59 32. 20
1.93 | 2.42] 2.09] 1.99] 2.88) 4.14 ' 0.20 | 0.40 1. 17
1.94 | 2.03 | 4.01] 7.07 | 7.07] 0.42 0.20; 2.53 38. 02
1.67 | 0.28} 3.58} 9.31 | 3.73 | 3.39 3.20) 2.28 33. 96
BOB, | BuiBOr he sinccserwralaess siete 3.43 | 1.10 | 2.99" BBO | secs seas
Means .....-.. 3.56 2.4

 

 

 

4,59 6.41 | 5.34 |

 

 

 

 

WESSINGTON SPRINGS, 8.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SF esenecs ta ad we taaeeas greats ackiesl cee atanes eesosud 2.70 0.57] 1.95 |....2...
WICKLOW, 8. DAK. .
Sap een de aaa'| ae teel sateiiel adck eal skistaleeekinnd 5.07 | 5.45 0.66 | 0.26 |........
Siege cum ce atnee 1.22 Seekien ceucagd uated s|Saeaied Ueemeas| sale deel? la elon ce
WOLSEY, S. DAK.
Boe ae eee 1.85 T 3.60 | 0.70] 2.84 0.34 0.07] 1.60} 18.88
ae eed a 0.50 0.29 1.81 | 4.98] 1.16 0.51 | 0.58) 0.65 | 12.97
sen ened 0.12 2.25 0.80 | 5.50] 0.50 0.75 | 1.93! 075 | 18.47
Means ........ 0.82 0. 85 2.07 | 3.73 | 1.50 0.5 | 0.63 | 1.00| 16.54
WOONSOCKET, S. DAK.
aban ededee ade aes eel 4.56] 1.99] 1.62 0.10 | 0.08 |........
See ed orate 0.80 0.12 1.92] 1.57] 3.91 T | 1.05] 16.68
Bhatt eeete ot 0. 80 0.71 2.42| 4.47| 1.04 0.47 |-0.70! 13.30
Means ......-- 0.80 0.42 2.97| 2.68| 2.19 0.19} 0.61| 14.14
YANKTON, 8. DAK.
niece eeeealeeemas B62 cep ease eae ae oe | aces eee
eens 6.98| 4.59] 1.59| 2.80) 0.93] 1.49] 0.03 | 0.52
0.65 | 0.79 2.59) 6.65) 3.84| 4.05) 1.84] 1.64] 0.56] 0.51
1.51 | 1.79 | 2.04! 9.21] 5.53] 4.95] 5.33] 014) 0.12! 0.20
1.10 | 2.18 | 3.15 | 3.18] 5.49| 5.14] 5.26 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.37
0.33 | 1.37 4.45) 5.07] 1.31] 1.16! 1.93| 3.65. O54) 2.46
0.27 | 0.93 4.04 | 7.83] €.96] 0.41) 1.36! 0.18! 0.39] 0.99
0.36 | 1.05 935/534] 751) 1.68) 2.81! 0.88! 0.28' 041
0.16 | 0.95 $04 | 4.99] 3.32! 3.04 | 0.98) 1.98) O21 | 0.99
2.70 | 1.74 98% 3.51) 4 1.77) 861) 3.47) 0.90) O11
0.09 | 0.06 5.25 | 4.871 1.65; 0.64] 0.07 3,93 | 0.31 | 0.79

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

YANKTON, 8. DAK.—Continued,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.
Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

 

 

64

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“+
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e

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 65

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at three stations in Nebraska—Continued.

FORT ROBINSON, NEBR.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

|
Yoar. _| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
|

Eee Eee eretere> | eter as ree 0.18 | 2.05 |.......] 1.22] 0.50} 1.97 |..-.--..

0.50} 1.80} 1.49] .2,85 + 1.58] 225) 1.00] 0.50} 0.34] 0.15) 1.15] 13.96

1.12 | 0.65 | 2.60) 215! B94] 2.66} 141) 0.50) 1.80] 1.70, 0.05] 19.03

0.57 | 174] 0.47! 12s) 191) 0.74) 0.90] 0.30] 0.31} 1.12) 141] 11.08

0.50 | 0.63 | 2.60] 3.72) 0.72] 1.90] 3.32] 1.05} 8.60) 0.36) 0.74] 25.25

0.79 | 1.83 | 1.28] 6.39] 1.38] 245) vss] TT T 0.46 | 0.07} 17.54

0.32; T 11.39]; 255) 271) 2.67] 215] 0.38) O74) 0.13! 0.78] 18.90

0.66 | 1.54 | 1.82) 2.51} 0.60; 2.30) 1.84] 0.00! 0.06) 0.13) 0.01; 11.76

0.89} 1.75} 1.57} 2.05 | 3.29) B24] Lm) 1.52) 0.45 0.57) 0.52 18.74

Means 22.22... 0.50 | 0.67 | 1.24 | 1.65 2. 93 | 01 | 2, 04 1.94 | O68 1.50 oor] oa | 16.29

VALENTINE, NEBR.

Tete aet et tae Nol pa Meee Les HIN 2a Bee ee eg ela 2.23 0.98 | 0.31 | 0.15 | ern
TSRB ce chat clceeceacce 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.58 1.39 | 3.26 | 2.25 | 2.04} 1.86! 1.18) 027° 0.56| 0.10 13.98
1887 ......2.2...----| 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.23 | 2.52! 2.60! 3.891 2.53; 2.94] 1.36] 0.57! 0.13) 0.53) 18,00
BRST oo oases 0.04 | 0.75) 1.44} 1.05 |, 9.35 | 2.30} 4.83) 1.77] 0.66| [0.70]| 0.19; 0.26 ° [23.34]
1880 22.222 2.2....--] 1.27 | 0.15 | 1.19 | 3.87} 2.05! 2.99] 2.60) 0.34] 1.71) 2.12] 0.56; 0.8f 19.69
1890 ....2...2.-2----/ 0.69 | 1.49 | 2.28) 1.33! 1.91] 3.09} 4.39] 2.04] 0.68} 0.64] 0.93) 0.32 19.7
1891 .............-.-| 0.61 | 1.55 | 2.58) 3.12 | 1.33] 6.36] 4.29] 4.68) 0.40) 1.65! 0.78| 0.42 | 27.77
Means ........ 0.52 | 0.78 if S| oat 3.48 3.45 | 2.27} 1.17 0.98 | ott) oe 20.52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, at one station in lowa.

SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

 

       

ceoveceeeeseseee] 140 ] 0,38" 1.56 | 4.96] 5.53 | 1.21] 4.65

 

 

TAUO cnecisecoccnaeal ld CAN | 219 (1.39) 2201 2.6L) 2.59
Nic eccesees 1.66 | 1.26 | 2.01 | 2.22] 2.41) 7.62] 5.77

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Means ....-.-. 0.90 0.50 | 1.55 | 2.88 | 3.34 | 4, 22 | 4.73

S, Ex. 157

 

9

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appenpix No. 5.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal monthly and annual precipitation, in inches, from the stations of longest record.

 

 

  
 
 
  

66

 

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Apprenpix No. 6.

Monthly and annual average brecipitation, in inches, from selected stations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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= BANA HANK AS Coit H iS HHS AHH ACI SON SASS pet n ANNs

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BESSOAAS SSID SOS TAS CRESS See eS slo e § Bassa ssecs

4480 ODDA CARRE TASS AZ ONE RR EERO DHEE A COREALGHE pr

 
Apprenpix No. 7.

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow, in inches, at stations in North Dakota.

FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, N. DAK.

{An asterisk (*) indicates doubtful record. T indicates a trace of precipitation.]

 

Year. ° | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. Apr. | May. | June. | July. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.

    

 

21.70

7.80
19.50
32. 60
15. 40
15. 30
19. 00
22, 50
54.10
44.30
29.50
19. 40
33. 30
26. 90
17.50
12.70

3.82 | 6.78 31. 48

 

 

 

 

Means ....| 5.35 | 5.29 ole || avsaveseie Su lD: beivacees| waterse-cne

 

 

1,06] 0:27 | Q.DT Sscwiesss <lecemene
LO: Obi erase g| el eGind caiddneinecigke

8.038) | OL0L Wecccacce metas vo) seein =
1.03 | 0.01] 6.00 j.......[....-.- bs
0.49 | 0.02 | 0.50 |......./-..-2.. i
11.40 | 5.06 | 0.03 |..-...-|.---..-

5.59 1.06 | 1.94 paaeied agedele | Seiad | ee 0.02 4.50 |
ae

17. 69
41.17
32. 25
31. 02
36. 49
16. 64
37.18

31. 06

re SATS OUST
yoaoeo
LSRSRES

 

 

 

 

 

 

a
Si) Ce Sr Se Se Cue)
| osoooeof

a
we
_
S
aH
S| NS ce

Means ....| 6.63

 

be
a

 

 

25.10
9.10
9.10

21.50

35. 40

54. 40

*75. 80

18. 30

28. 60

23.00
27.60
20. 11
*4. 80
16. 20
58.90
*35.07
45. 21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 69

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow at stations in North Dakota—Cont’a.

FORT BUFORD, N. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. /Annual.
7.09 | 0.00 11.11 44, 34
2.06 | 8.00 6.00 43. 32
9.04 | 6.08 1.04 32. 39
5.06 T 4.07 33. 40
5.09 | 3.05 1.03 18. 40
4.00 | 1.06 0.09 36. 30

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Means ....| 6.14] 7.99] 5.44] 3.31) 5.04 |......-/..-.2.-]-----.-]------- 4.72 | 6.49] 5.37 44.50

 

    

 

ecoosesne

31. 60
*17.. 00
24. 70
*57. 70
26. 20
*123. 40
*67. 90
40. 85
26. 40
18. 09

) YNEPSsrepwA
. Zao
¢ SSSSRLLALNK OS

 

36.76

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“7.60
15. 60
44. 80
5x. 10
46. 90

 

46, 74

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
710 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow at stations in North Dakota—Contd.

RICHARDSON, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

¥

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. _Nov. Dec. |Annual.
*113. 70
48. 20
*108. 30
57.00
*51.75
98.53
W813 sakceuocscwe S40) }  B5208) 2200. nce lcelceticascllsats ccd masasin apass ate siamese nee Selene 1.10 | 2.50 12. 20
TSTA cwseasnwssen S80! 200% |. O90! |eecie ccc eee Ma cece cl seme aea lle cend ciel nessa Se weres 1,30 |wescanx 8.00
T8162. eae 040) Ts40.) B00 tees cece nnn eo bewalenmite clccne scl eeaicincstkeseeks 1.00 | 0.60 4,40
18TG6 wecnienasaves 0600), 1.260°) 2000. oeesnee| seme c|seeen scl eeerex [tee tse) seam leteeeies| eee 1.50 23.70
AST cups temtcats 0.40 |..----- 05°70. en cco | peters elem eel prreiahew al ew ceeded leew ede lances 1.00 2.10
Meanst.3 Det 2) |) 205i |) 492 |e eee septal eral dei ie cee een ial jllgcek gi 1.13 | 1.40 11, 22
9.70 16. 40
6.50 6.70
3.70 8.90
7.90 41.30
7.00 22. 20
0. 40 8.40
0. 20 1.40
2.00 16.10
1.10 30. 30
0.50 4,20
4.00 5. 80
67.60 | *75.00
9.70 30. 40
2.00 15. 50
8.00 16. 30
sabeaee *7.60
8.69 21.00

t

FORT TOTTEN, N. DAK

*4. 00
22. 60
52. 90
29.50
39. 50
21.00
29.40
30. 70
13.80
17.60
25. 40
8. 40
25. 20
‘ is H z 5 37.50
VSSS aie actremtarces D207 GOW OO I arse cel eyecare] seater atars | sera dS ciaiflendeatevarstei| isle era's ca) elersolaeers 7.30 |*28.40 | *54.70
NSB 5 Apnea ctalete 62805) G40} 19:80) |paccckn| pect cacliagissad| seeds sdomoxelin es ce 1.60 | 2.50] 6.30 32. 40
USS wiaiciatcrtoie- stern 3:00: 3200: D054 Ss0L 1) OL0T |e ai toss| be eee eh eaeete [be ae nice 5.07 | 8.04] 5.03 33. 30
TS BC! ecrscpeastenee fe 2: 03: } 8208) | “8504 O50T |e secede eae eecline Rsites|Susimmieres 0.04 | 7.03 | 4.03 39. 32
PSR: x crcccrcrsieteesiatas 6.08 | 5.02] 6.03} 1.05) 0.09 |.......]....-..|.------]------- 1.00 | 3.09] 6.00 28. 36
TS88 ciiecientemcieee 5.07 T 7.00} 1.00 a eegeeed| Sec iencletecead eases 1.00 | 2.00}; 1.00 17. 07
US89: ccm eocaessiaaes 2008) 220-4 1908] WTO: Neco ala rtresie ce | erm miciecal Berra | ncscteresttelf aiystiaree DDD a acesaiee se 15.10
1890 ssiecdovnerecnascic 3.00 | 5.00] 3.40 ]..----- DpH sho ated a lca Asal Be aye scsee oes alll ateeanz Sree Sressoec cell cs aerareeee *13. 65
Means -...| 5.80} 5.09) 6.20 | 2.37] 0.80 |.......].......|-------]--..--- 3.58 | 5.44 | 5.60 34. 88

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. val

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow at stations in North Dakota—Cont’d. :

FORT YATES,'N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
1500) 1000) |o-cae ancl asic viene) no cece nls eeeene 1.40 20. 10
0880) T40: Ncebess vergllearemwelies womivel + ateeear 4.30 9. 30
8.50: 0.90: |conctecellsis ectteaaasbca|bomeaus 5. 00 17.10
Bcd Oil, Ded O! scien wollen apaellin san Sale otecrye 2.80 13. 20
Ty 60) |) GABO | ercsasieiscc | ides ciceese lac etseaue eases Se 16. 00 32. 80
8.603. 17000) |eteisepe ve lenge siemens eeetal es ceemaw leratetiong aif miciocetd|stcosiee || 190 jecoane: 36.16
BU BOD oc aeancsea pcan gelation wdaigi le aiamenen 2.00 17. 30
G00 Wr Us50 |eawiciens| say toca exe caals waco’ 2.40 14. 60
5.60 | 1.20 | 0.40: | 1.205) 0 cen.) eens 3.90 16. 00
3.57 | 4.91 | bs itie laces secccen | am | ein peepee 2.41 | 4,72 | 20. 22

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly and annual amounts anid averages of unmelted snow, in inches, at stations in South Dakota.
(An asterisk (*) indicates doubtful record. T indicates a trace of precipitation.]

ALEXANDRIA, 8S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

| 6.50 | ees 10.71

8.60 | 11.30 40. 60

Sochaine pateae 12, 60

Means ....| 2.15 150 | | la 25. 05

 

FORT BENNETT, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

0.46 | 0.17 0.63
8.50 |.....-. 12. 94.
3.00} 5.50] 12.55
5.75 | 2.50] 13.75
4.43 | 2.72 | 12.35
1883 1.32 weeeeee] 2.06
1884... 10.10 12.90] 36.52
1885 . 14. 10 22.10 | 71.40
1886 18. 80 17.60 | *115. 60
1887 7.80" 18.30 | *145.70
Means .... ad | ae 15.63 | 26.35 |.......[...2... Were ae cesses. [eee---| 6.57 | 10.23 | 17.72 | 99.41
|
FIRESTEEL, 8. DAK

al her tet 8.00) BA00 lass deve opel oe sectsl acveetel gcaseeclesuxeenieesonst 298 | 35.) 96.66
5.00 | 6.50 | 22.00 |....... Pecnecnl a deckoe | sasealecbesalsce wees ...----| 5.00] 5.00 | > 43.50
6.00 |....... Ws 50) |cceaetlocucaee Berea [ae Cea ee eee a ee alten tees dues eal erect 17.50
5.50 | 7.25 | 1D) BSH detec: lecegs's ge Saale Ieee i ieee cee 3.62 | 3.12] 32.32

1.40] 0.80
“| 3°20] 6.00 in
15.00 |*30. 80 *66. 70
6.00} 4.80 23. 30
7,10 | 14.50 37.71
1.60 | 7.60 17. 20
Means ....) 5.55 | 10.75 | 8.27 |...-...].-.- yee eaten Woden tok totl oeke degeet te aes 3.27 6.12) 33.96

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sea ae
72

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow at stations in South Dakota—Contd.

HENRY, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. ‘Sune, July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
| 4
|
TSSG tah tiectetedlllte dd. aaa Pat eee alg ie wer Srtalteheriad | cera eeaene lane aeeeene , 2.50} 2.50 5.00
TS89 so a.ceene cece 2.50 | S90) BO | Oe | AC lassen leasacic alleen lanaanis olmanwens Nees uses 11. 30
HURON, 8. DAK.
H BAD ee aera 1/00 | 25000 | 0.00. leweseus|onaser «| seceeed pewsees| scovnes lowconnsfesoscae 0.06 | 0.70 3.76
APB lh SB ATO: ree wcclecpnepes | gem cco: | centers ese soar Meee, alee 3.20] 4.90] 17.90
700) BAO Ieswace |eacacvellevencteltrecsses tl emameetligaaees o[cewance 1.70 | 15.50} 33.30
3.30 | 8.70. ‘ 18. 95
11.10; T 41. 05
1.70 | 1.70 19. 80
12.60 | 15.50 39.10
Means ....| 5.06} 5.71 | 5.10 25. 45
IB TO eanciuaamuen |vasewn [caged heeadedlecoeaeslbesouee anknced besaumc| mdeadeledew al wannce 0.60] 2.20 2. 80
1876 icaceuiotease 290 B70 B70! | scemesa [race xevelaaamuee eecames emcaced km dacn) acces 0.70| 1.40] 12.70
IOUT sacctseonsinte 3.20) 0.00] 3.20]|.......)..- eo iealnanceadl emaaserieas cect aaa atts Lea 2.00 | 1.50 9.90
1878. cemsnes conn 0:50! | BOO tec eet dl ian sie [Sere ascallcesasoa cceas al canccclladacet 0.70 |......- 0.20 2, 40
Mearis’wex| 97" || 1503 | 445i sees |eeeee ee eel faa | 1.10] 1.32] 10.07
FORT MEADE, &. DAK Bs
gO cases Mea NG lal orga My cir ees a Dacia ett Meche St hae 0.40} 8.90} 9.30
ASO: cic 3.80 | 10.00] 9.20 |.......].......[.-2--.. Escala nes aad 1.00 | 4.40] 3.90] 32.30
ABST ow denne ses 5.60) 5.40} 5.10].......]...-..-|..----- Saneiien | pete eee 6.30) 4.60 |...-... 27.00
1882 .-- se eee eee 12.001]! 1200 +]: A00) Gerace eerste cere wey eriecmers| eueeesel merewee 0.90] 0.50] 0.60 5.00
1883 2.0.2.0... *29.00 | 3.00 | 20.00 |....--|..-222 [0-2-2 2 cee epee eee Lee patie tobi 0.50] 2.00| *54.50
1884-211... .s eee S708 |! (3280. | sh 60! | ere roke hence bed sarnenmaatersntargeesl sacred Gcamaeallesctece 2.50 | 9.00| 33.10
1885 ...--.-2eee. 3.20) 2.30} 4.90 |....20 [02 222.. seule tlle eavccnais) eaeccd lo cause 0.20 | 0.50} 0.80] 11.90
1886 .......2.0e- 2:50:|| 8580." 7500) | Qaawieveleacedod| aexewem oacdence| saccol dle taan [tecance 16.00] 4.20] 33.50
1887 ...--..----. 5.60) 2.00| 6.60|.......].......|----2.0 20-00 ep eee [eee 4.00] 1.00] 3.60] 22.80
1888 .....------ 0.00) 11.50 | 5.20] 0.70 |......-)..020.0).0000e eee ee fee e eee [eee ee ee 1.60] 1.70| 20.70
1889 ....-..2---- D70¥ |! BO. || ABO tec ot ct cedysaall ae tis ciate octiaeal wieoBdcl eecda nigel ioral 7.00 | 6.92] 26.32
1890 .......----- 8.20] 2.27] 870! 7.10] 4.00 ]....... ee ee eee 12.00] 1.00] 43.27
Means ....| 5.94 | 4.82] 7.59] 3.90 |....2../....0.-0220...[.0 22 ple. 2.48 | 4.25] 3.87] 32.85
|
MORRISON, S. DAK.
NRTT soco'aG aa daall CEES on wwtarnlende sad! aedandal eo debe laenead ated daae beaten (Seaasad maaiaee 2.50| 8.50} 11.00
1878.22 ee teense A508) 223504) 100) | dasancil eanteaat| ot ntas -llasesancalaacaer |uedaoee [Agacons 4.50 | 10.00} 22.50
1879 ..0.2 eee 1008) 232005] Ai O0F | cco a, deme prad| Sara cteacsenel aie came bemmniaelaeierme,. fasawese 9.00 | 18.00
1880 ....2. 2200. 2.50} 10.00] 6.00) 4.00 ).......)....0..)..0202c/e eee 12.00 | 0.50] 6.50] 41,00
1881 .......----- 13:00° | 16.00 Ab WOON ccc ac cial caccsoahcie mats emscealisiesd wel ieteees 4.00} 1.50] 49.50
BSD oi ssochais ens 008 |. 2200 be 7008 | Ss Nese ces leateree wialltcice saalcguaes s|eeeeinaleoesne 1.00] 4.00] 25.00
1889 voccaccenneen 200: |: 24:00 | 11500" | 4-50. devas leepteee ollgcz eons lcencealleoweunae [ecemens leon ones weseeee| 25.50
RSM th ae Sto A acca aad OO"! S000: teed. lleeeerscrara to tsctet edits pe socal ere ass fee oe Seat ee oee 18. 00
Means . 82505) ) 7208 Tbe | BiSS! | seems [antensccen| omens (Seartien laedene awe 2.50| 6.58] 35.06
OLIVET, 8. DAK.
8.36 | 10.86
12.75 | 33.30
8.00 | 22.82

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 73

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow at stations in South Dakota—Cont’d.

OLIVET, S. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
c
1880 .........-.- 4.10 |....... 19008") 2U50: |v secatalecencael lassie cacceeteensied cel) TOOUleacwens 11.02 | 35.62
17, 25 \*26.25 | 16.50 | 14.75 |....... sieeartine [pease |stats $ oe seve gseloas artes 3.00 | 1.50] *79. 25
3.40 | 6.75 | 4.00} 4.00 ]..--... sua ciete hese aperised |enace'e ce plleaye eta ers acre acre! AsO" oceans 19.15
Means ....| 7.65 | 10.39 | 7.20] 7.06 |...-...]-.-..--|------- eocsasallense nae] BOOC) QalT | 8.33 | 46.49

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
  

24-00! P3500) | aris shalleracraiara ufeiehdele chee
*63..00 |*45. 00

alle :
Means ....} 4.28 | 6.31 | 7.45 : ee | Seseand hea | Spade pons — 5.29 | 6.44 | 29.77
RAPID CITY, S. DAK.
16.02 | 18.01} TD) | 20,00 |vcnce-|encnaun| cic veda|ontecaslneeas 5.00| 6.00} 55.04
13.50] 1.09] 6.05] 1.08 |..0 000 [0p 0.10! 3.06] 2.05| 33.13
4.05 | 10.06) 2.05 | 2.05 |......-)0000. [LI 3.01} 2.00| 27.28
13.05 | 12.00} 1.00] 2.00 |..0220.).0022 III 0.03) 0.05 0.03) 31.06
Means ....| 4.06 | 11.66 | 9.54] 2.28 | 3.77 |....... | ieaceealsaezese learans 0.06 | 2.78} 2.52) 36,67
FORT SISSETON, 8. DAK.
14,70) || 6.20? |exmwoeslaseess sleeee. o + 0.70 22, 20
D550!) B20" beastecistank a maty a eairece ya seslewesel be eemsl se 3.20 14. 00
Be. 00! || LO 80: aS anise scanm xtc emistate «Specter lla decile dls el De 2.00 25. 40
920) | 640 |, cvccrcfscrcawi|omas eos peas stem foouonsfunecne 1.60! 17.80
11,16) | 112270! epee smeared lee = : 11.60 | 13.80 | .+69. 66
|

seec [eee eee eee eee eee eee. 426.00 #42. 40 | *138.58 ,
3.00 | 1.40) *140. 80

 

 

5.40 | 8.00 |.. serrcine seine sem heai as aa + |eswiee clases t| 820 30. 40
0: | owiec cree 12. 20 |. =f. seeeeesfeeeee ede wafeeeeee ele “le sj-------| 18.80
ssiatetee 6. 20 8. 80
8.00 | 2.00 8.00 18.80

S. Ex. 157-10
74 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow at stations in South Dakota—Cont’d.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FORT SISSETON, S. DAK.—Continued. s-
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
ISRO osencace ieee 2004) “DY Q0il casei tol eycieleta adel Nichol raed cee ol ection helen tags | sere fae 1.20] 2.00 8.40
TSSL ees sexe eee 5.60 |....... MOO AOO! | creer esc eect aaeratal lencaster ceed aexetbeare sl seers [este ene Meese 2.60 | 1.20] *29.40
TSO ee nia cieecee BGO: lt Be Q0l lissuetants locas val ecoawotfemiew sail soon ss eee eecidlaaatc oes teu eeae . 7.00] 1.90] 15.70
PSBS cpr cere aves 1,305) 2590) Os 10elsccmeuliddiogallkeer de oes aloakeusaleueaodsesuenal docawe 3.00 6.60
AGRA ceegobeiecapare BDO Si QOh dtd Oe poses cuca cidecan oll scree oRarctew-all hetsice ape latrbtsice te eee 5.20 | 18.10] 24.40
1885 2.2.22. eee 4.80] 1.50] 4.00 |.......)....2.. Cae laaea ecisiteke ode ceases un dl toe cend *17.00| 7.50] *34.80
1886 ........---. 6:.00°|. 62507). 5:\50 tc cmitec) aemcus,<| eames ooo [iekedealtoveecs eeexvies 4.60 | 3.20] 25.80
1887 2.220222 ---- £500-1754.60 | B20 loo code hess aewdls hecden \ynvoetios nemencel sameeeel semetaulaarcces 13.70 | 26.50
1888 2.220222 eee D250 bd OW 90 Me sho clice Sack lamemiteel otc euem lame eactsisemed ea leawanetleet ccs’ tree Jade: 10.10
TES0 olemacs pote HG: | BU: [cs sean| Le tseed ledmatals teec cal ancaae aided esmees eecrian ciomrare lseceees 8.10
Meaita >.) © 6:22 OvB1),| 40.06 4 csccee ae di Asset ince lasycun a eccase d|eaeasen 7.72 | 7.39 | 40.70
. FORT SULLY, S. DAK
Pa GeeS [on eaeen| auUteer leseaaes eekced eanhss.2 meececd Aaa eae _1.50] *1.50
Sastee cl omeamte Le ene le lettered set ity lewemterdiecoame 4.00] 4.00 | 14.40
ada onl al etec SiN seams mie tet tae |e cetera tesesell eensme gee [aieaie oles ences 33. 00
ee Meet andes brsternaiagl Meee ASO tee Pet eI ed 1.00 | 1.10} *72.10
ears asec ese te ae sees Loeeesleeeeeee[eeeeeee[eeeee--| 8.70} 3.80] 16.00
Letra eet Goal lcearla mae aren ae Seekers ....| 150 }....5..] 2.50] 17.10
cc A te fad |e ro Set Be ecneyee 3.50 | 4.40) 0.80] 14.80
srapaene ll sagas Pee he eal Recon el ee eto Ngee ner 1.50] 11.40
soe eure nu eee Es ced ea ccmcp tase ieaeka. ea 3.90 | 5.00] 17.50
Een hate ge a basts Pecks Geestaar | eo tputare toes er L......] 4.10] 9.70] 30.20
Meaaaiealleemecalee idl Steet ase Steele nace 3.50] 1.00] 5.60] 12.80
Dee aio Me hes eon Saal Pet aa Sea de 0.30] 5.60} 10.40
shea ecseen dene Acasa ae eee earn iatnee _je.-..| 1.40] 5.60] 31.30
Liat al re eeel base 1g cull peewee ralioeaiamnlenareare)| de 80l | BSO-Pess caet| S270
, 7.10
10. 60
17.00
7.20
34, 32
8.16
18. 25 :
25. 66
19. 44
14.90,
Means ....| 4.26 | 4.41] 6.68 ae O20 ii eactclesueuudlecaateulestmen 1.78 | 2.93| 4.01] 25.07
i VERMILLION, S. DAK.
*3.75
16. 00
7.00
*34. 50
Means ....| 2.50 | 4.50 |.......]......- 5.92 | 12.92
Loeeaas 8.20 | *8.20
5B 6.72 | 53.49
45 2.22} 16.57
35 8.42 | #41.12
60 "14.50 | *56. 02
25 1.72] 28.51
10 8.90 | *39.34
ehhh i 7.55 | 31.28
Means ....| 6.75 | 8.99] 8.92] 1.22 7.28 | 38.56

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
a ERR

i

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 15

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of wnmelted snow at stations in South Dakota—Cont’d.

YANKTON, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan, | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
1.05 00 | 13.09 19, 21

*23. 06 5.06 | *67.29

1.05 18.01 28.15

11. 04 3.03 | *37.18

2.02 1.07 9. 30

10. 00 3.00 30.17

9. 05 10.40 | *40. 63

Means ....| 6.06 | 4.61 | 8.18 7.67 33. 46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;

Monthly and annual amounts and averages of unmelted snow, in inches, at two stations in Minnesota,

MOORHEAD, MINN.

{An asterisk, (*) indicates doubtful record. © indicates no record. T indicates a trace of precipitation.]

 

*0. 55
26.13
*44, 03
*45. 90
*29. 27
27. 33
18. 34
*47. 31

 

 

Means ....| 6.39 | .6.65 | 5.74] 2.61) 2.52 |....2..].2.22..)..22.-- 0.05 | 0.10| 5.54) 5.51 35.11

 

 

 

 

 

5.06 /*18.02 | 2.01 ]....... Lda eh A abba 1.02 | 12.09 | 5.03
BOS | < BIS. Snares is reios leprrtaeses| nie = 1.01] 0.00] 1.00] 2.08
18 OD | BMS lpsmcgipisnmmoncal'ccmnna fesieeene =|aaisemet 0.00 | 2.04 | 6.00
OD |) Ble Nested ae dvatin & aetemetal enateen =| coetec 0.07 | 2.06 | 5.06
8. S00 | oorsnea lon -nmenl nnmpobelcentonne T | T | 9.00 |*23.06
BOR Te Se lccenal sseemncelomenien « 3.00} 8.00] 2.00} 2.05
rN oe | ATO ee case ge cece acy: ace ---| 1.00 |* 8.00 | 18. 00
BAD | AOE | BBB bmn cma demeeian 1.00) 1.44) 5.17] 8.75

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Appenpix No. 8.

*

Amounts of unmelted snow, in inches, on ground at end of month at stations in North Dakota.

BISMARCK, N. DAK.

 

 

 

    

 

 

(An asterisk (*) indicates doubtful record. T indicates a trace of precipitation.] .
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. |; Aug. | Sept. | Oct.-| Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
1] 4.00 |...2... eaiahirwsatael wanes

4.00 | 2.00; 0.00 ° Syaihate Miadeiecs

2.05 | 2.02 | 0.00.

9.08 | 3.00] 0.00

9.00] 6.00; 3.00 |

0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 eee

4.00] 3.00; 0.00

0.00] 0.20) 0.00 |
Means ....} 4.02 | 2.32] 0.43 | |

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Means ....| 8.02 | 7.27; 1.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amounts of unmelted snow, in inches, on ground at end of month at stations in South Dakota.

FORT BENNETT, S. DAK.

{An asterisk (*) indicates donbtful record. T indicates a trace of precipitation.]

 

[B84 coe nesses | jel ie ile ahatteae Nao te lle ee eraveneers cil 3 eee petal tates cia 2 Saree cl cetera oe Sis aye 6.10} 0.00 |.....-..
1885, 2... s.cessmets | 0:30 1 0:00) | (O00 | 2 ceces| anes c|seeeencl ances ales saeeslessems|esecees 0200 Vasccsdele esac

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. V7

Amounts of unmelted snow on ground at end of month at stations in South Dakota—Coutinued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ee DEADWOOD, S. DAK.
Year. Jan, Feb. | Mar.
|

1883 scse-sseeeusclacncess 0.00 |......-
LOPE cies q 0 cecaigas 5.50] 8.00! 5.00
1R85 --------| 4.30] 6.50] 0.00
BY sccacmacaeemleninlads 2.30} 2.00] 0.00
ASST 2.aie oiecun ae *30.00 | 10.00 | 3.00
3 Means ....| 10.52 |. 5.30] 2.00
DEBS asics ca seeeanee 2.00 | 0.00] 0.00
DRAG caesarean sew 3.00 1.00 | 0.00
TBST s2.2)2- ers siecionve 7.00 | 6.00} 0.00
TRE eee ioe ce cua 15.00 | 4.00) 1.00
WRAY cecheys kts toteneis 8.00 | 3.00} 0.00
DOP wccateicmia neta 10.00 | 2.00} 0.00
= EO dae emacs teat 0.05 | 7.00} 1.00
Means ....| 6.44 | 3.29] 0.29

URED: snenwenewwes Aye 1.08 T

BBD wisest seers since 0.00} 1.00] 0.00
I cme ein emcee 0.00 | 3.04} 6,00
TOO], csaa wens vows 1.40] 4.05} 0.00
Means ..../ 0.35 | 2.29) 1.50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.03 | 0.00
0.00 | 0.00 |.
T ile
1.00} 0.00
4.00} 0.00
0:80 T
Means ....} 1.04] 1.14 TE

 

 

 

   

 

0.00} 0.00 0! 00+ | emacs
0.06 | 7.02 4.07 |........

0.00 | 0.00 5.01

0.00 | 0.00 0. 00

0.00 | 0.00 2.00

2.05 | 3.00 |. 0.08

‘ 2.05 | 0.00 |}. 3.00
\ Means ....| 1.58] 0.59] 1.43 2002: | eswcrmsee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

tA LN

 
78 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Amounts of unmelted snow, in inches, on ground at end of month at two stations in Minnesota.

MOORHEAD, MINN.

[An asterisk (*) indicates doubtful record. T indicates a trace of precipitation.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
0.00 | 0.00} 5.00
5.00} 0.00} 0.00
3.00} 0.00} 0.00
4,00} 8.00] 0.00 |-
*12.00 | 0.00] 0.00 |.
2.00} 0.00] 0.00
5.00} 0.00} 0.00
Means ....) 4.15 | 4.43] 1.14] 0.71
1885 2.2.22. 22 105005|° 400.) =8:,003|cietacc|: ase ele aatioss LAdiean dbbaies adulaasleaee des 3.00 | 4,00 |........
1886 acicciseoc cas 12:03): ©8205} 02508 | occ (use peadlemiccne love chan aeaumanc wooed 0.001 6.00] 2.00 |........
IBBT ceveseseeens 8.07 | 16.00 | 2,02 |.......|....... lees’ [eceeealgeieSe. |S sake 0.00} 2,00) 5.00 ].-......-
1888. «cs ncaicces 7.00 | 12.00} 9.00 |....-..]....... fncaaed HeNacee decane tees 0.00} 0.00] 0.02 |........
1889) coe odedes 6.00] 8.00] 0.00 |..--...)......- ledeacies a Jrccoee US eee 0.00 | 1.00 |*16.00 |........
1890". wesedesecins *18,00 | 14.00 | 8.00 |ecesassfcczecsa execs posers err 0.00} 2.00] 2.00 |........
VBOI, seca ieee oe atis|excases xiceeeaye| da xeees fecnette sleaze axe | spats exeeees Manatee Sv Mudabala 1.00] 3.00 | 12.00 |....... i
Means ....| 10.18 | 10.34] 2.92 |.......[....... | nate | sede | itis a 0.17} 2.43| 5.86 ........
4 |
7
\
“
x ee
Appenpix No. 9.

Monthly average number of rainy days.

(Arainy day is one on which an amount of precipitation equal to or exceeding 0.01 inch bas fallen.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| { i a
Stations. Jan. |Feb. |Mar. |Apr. |May. Towel ily: Ag Sen. Oct. ' Nov. Dec. ae Length of record.
i al.
3 pies

Bismarek,N.Dak....| 8) 9 9 9} 11] 12] 11 8 6 7 7 9 9 | Oct. IRTI-Dee., 181,
Fort Butord, N. Dak.| 7 8 6 7 9} 12) 2 7 5 8 6 7 8 I&7T9-IN01.
Fort Totten, N. Dak. 8 a 8 8 9| Hy a 6 8 6 9 ® June IX8t-Jan, 1289.
Fort Bennett, 8.Dak.| 7 9 D 8} 101) 121) 11 6 6. 6 4 6 8 | Oct, LkRO-Nov. 1X85.
Deadwood,S. Dak...) 11] 10] 12| 14] 14] 13] 11 9 5 9 8} 11} 10 1878-1887.
Huron, 8. Dak ...... 6 8 8; 10} 11 Ji} 10} 11 4 R | 6 6 8 | July 1881-Dec. 1801.
Rapid City, 8. Dak.. 5 9) 11 91 12! 13 a 10 4 7 6 5 8 | 1888-1891.
Fort Sully, 8. Dak .. 7 7 6 7 9/ 131 i* 9 4 | 4 4 7 7 | Jan, 18xX5-June 189).
Yankton, 8. Dak ....| 8 6 9] 10] 13; 11] 10 9 Rg) 6 5 8 9 | Apr. 1873-Bec. 1891.
Valentine, Nebr ..... 7 7 8 8} 12] 11] 10; 10) 6; 5 4 4| 8 | Sept. 1X85-Dec, 1891.
Moorhead, Minn. .... 8 = 8 a 9) 10) 16 8 & | a a 9 9 1881-1891.
St. Vincent, Minn....| 9 8 o 7 7} 10) 11 8 8 8 8 8 8 | Sept.1880-Dee. 1891.

Means .... .... s| 3| 3} 9] / 2] 1| o| 6 | 7 | 6| 7 | 8 |

a

Appenpix No. 10.
Percentage of probability of rainy days.
[a rainy day is one on which rain or melted snow falls to the amount of 0.01 inch or more.] i

Stations. Jan. |Feb. |Mar. |Apr. |May.|JunelJuly. Ang. Sept Oct. | Nov.| Dec. bead Length of record.
Bismarck, N.Dak....| 26] 31] 28] 29] 36] 42] 36] 26] 21 | 23] 22) 28} 29] Oct. 1874-Dec. 1891.
Buford, Fort, N. Dak; 22 | 27] 20] 24; 29] 41] 34] 22.) 18! 24] 22) 22] 25 1879-1891.
Deadwood, 8. Dak...| 34] 387] 37] 46] 44] 45] 37] 29] 16] 2 29) 37 | 35 1878-1887.
Huron, §. Dak -.-.-- 21] 28) 27] 33} 387] 36] 34) 35; 24) 25] 19] 21] 28] July 1881-Dec. 1891.
Moorhead, Minn. .--. 26} 31] 26] 32] 30] 35] 32] 26; 27] PS} 24] 29] 29 1881-1891.
St. Vincent, Minn...| 27| 30] 24] 24] 24] 33] 85] 25/ 28) 27| 25] 26) 27 | Sept.1880-Dec. 181,
Sully, Fort, 8S. Dak..| 23} 25] 17} 24] 30] 42] 34] 30| 15] 14] 16] 22] 24 1885-1891,
Totten, Fort,N.Dak.| 24; 25 | 25] 27| 317 48) 36] 30; 19] 26] 19] 29] 28) June 1884-Dec. 1sxx,
Yankton, 8. Dak ....| 24) 22] 26} 32] 41] 37) 32] 28: 25} 19} 17] 24] 27] Apr. 1873-Dec. 1891,

a
Means .... -..- 25] 28} 26] 30] 34] 40) 34) 28 | 21) 24) 21| 26] 28 \

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

729
80 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Appenpix No. 11.

Monthly average number of clear days.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

~
[A clear day is one on which the average cloudiness, on a scale of 10, is three-tenths or leas.)
Station. Jan: |Feb.| Mar.| Apr. |May./JuneJuly,| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. en Length of record.
oo

Bismarck, N. Dak...) 11 9 8 9 9 8/ 11] 13] 13] 12] 10] 10] 10] Oct. 1874—-Dec. 1891.
Fort Buford, N. Dak. 7 7 6 7 6 6 8} 13! 10 8 8 8 8 1879-1891.
Fort Totten, N. Dak.| 12] 10 8 9! Il 91 12} 131 12] 10! 12] 10] 11] June 1884—Jan. 1889.
Fort Bennett, S. Dak. 9 9 7 7 8] 10 9} 11] 12] 1 9 8 9 | Oct. 1880-Nov. 1885.
Deadwood, 8. Dak...| 12 9; 10 8 9; 11; 15] 16) 18] 15] 14] 11] 12 1878-1887.
Huron, 8. Dak.....-.| 10 | 10 7} 10) 10) 10; 10) 13) 12] 13] 13] 12] 11] July 1881-Dec. 1891.
Rapid City, 8. Dak..| 13 6 6| 10 6 6 9 9; 14] 11] 14] 13] 10 1888-1891.
Fort Sully, 8. Dak...| 12 9 8] 10 9 9) 12| 14] 16| 15}; 17| 12] 13 | Jan. 1885-June 1891.
Yankton, 8. Dak -...) 11 9 9) 10 9} 10) 11] 18} 18[] 12] 11] 10] 11] Apr. 1873—Dec. 1891.
Valentine, Nebr.....) 12 | 11] 11] 11] 10} 10] 12] 13] 15] 14] 13] 11] 12] Sept. 1885-Dec. 1891.
Moorhead, Minn.-....| 10 8 7 9} 10 9; 10} 18] 11 9 9 9 9 1881-1891.
St. Vincent, Minn ...| 12 9) 11; 10} 10; 10; 11] 18) 10 8 91 10] 10] Sept. 1880-Dec. 1891.

Means..-....--| 11 9 8 9 9 9} 11); 13] 18| 12] 12] 10) 10

 

 

 

 

y

Appenpix No. 12.

Average snowfall in inches. Computed from the records at all stations. °

{Annual report Meteorological Service, Dominion of Canada, 1887.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

MANITOBA.
(T indicates a trace of precipitation.] e

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Ang. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
ASTD sessed ssicls'--siais ic 5.0 4.8] 16.3 | 39.2 020) |iewiectacsl saiemres = )o a ee 3.7 9.0 3.4 81.4
VST tersjeie-sicien secs 6.2] 16.4 4.0 0.4 O30 eiediinclhan. cade Jl haiaedveee cecal! TONG. 8.9! 10.9 57.4
1SU4 ste aace cess 9.2] 10.6!) 5.8 6.6] 0.0 |.--.---[-. ee ee fee eee eleeeeee] 4] 174] 46 55. 6
ASTD ccc chen sess 4.3 3.8 1.9 5.8 ALE Woresedaccecl Stusectiynemaces| | 1Qa 8.4 8.2 41.6
TSG cece mite sce 91] 11.0] 11.1 0.9 223: is ceint) lion ge Seawcaecerens| Dae | “DOn8 74 66.8
IST once ees cscs 3.1 2.2 8.7 3.8 OSD es vietee : 1.0 1.6 0.4 20.9
TSS! asas.cecwss ace 2.0 1.2 0.8 1.8 5.5 |xewes 7.5 1.7 7.1 27.6
1879. ..0.0 cieeceeee 71 3.4 5.8 1.6 O88 |esvsaes 1.4 2.6) 18.5 41.2
1880 .....-..---- 5.7 8.4 4.7 7.9 Tt |iseceucee 0.3 1.2 6.4 34.6
1881 220. desu vex 0.9] 28.3 4.9 2.5 OP este de 4,9] 17.9 4.4 63,8
ASSO iecaeen eee 8.9 9.0} 14.1 2.9 LG |ecvcewcl ss 2.7] 19.8} 11.3 61.4
TSB ctic caacanite 4,9 5.4 3.9 3.2 8 accaejecanasiee 1.2 7.8 74 84.1
ISSA: eines steeie eee 4,4 8.9 8.5 5.6 0.10) Hee sa cis 5.4 4.6 7.8 45.2
ASS5) cepts gents oes 2.4 2.8 6.1 5.0 gee iM ecceeencina tie 2.5 3.9 6.6 31.5
TS86) sisere adineie nice 7.0 6.7 3.3 2.5 OA Wi sscacceushearag aed 0.8 4.6 2.9 28.2
1887 scares arnisteeee, 8.8 6.5 6.5 5.1 1.2 |. 1.0 5.8] 10.6 45.5

Means ....| 5.6 8.1 6.6 5.9 le 0.9 |.----.- 3.7 7.8 7.4 46.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 81

Aprenpix No. 13.

Average snowfall in inches. Computed from the records at all stations.
(Annual report Meteorological Service, Dominion of Canada.]
BRITISH COLUMBIA.

{T indicates a trave of precipitation. ]

 

Apr. | May. | June. | July. “Aug. Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.
|

Feb.

a
2
Bo
&
2
5

Year,

 

18.
43.
19.

a

oo
eo
oo
:

:
-

H

Hoe
ty
HSooso:
or

Be
H

2| Sr So! Sess!
S
ASERSSEs
IROWWWWOROE DS

Si
PRN DEwWwOHENVoPENWE

NANCE EAKCWDOOONUNS

 

mee

an
2! | athe Mee See me cee ee Pn steers pS

 

 

BP SOR WNDODENOOCOHDHOSO
x1
wo

| PM eR eee ree eae
e
YF] PROSE KYSSPSSVRENS

HB] ORIN HRUTNNNONHMOS
2] sess yssK~eFs! yes
a aor CoRRRNO:

| Poor AN YPNooHE

~ WOWNH WE AYN AOWNWOUSO

e modo:
3 ie
i
fi
:

BH
oO

ou

Means ....

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. Ex. 1 11 .

~1

Cl

 
Apprnpix No. 14.

‘ Mean annual precipitation with annual and mean annual deviations in inches.
~

[Nore.—The inean annual deviation is obtained by dividing half the sum of the excesses and deficiencies, neglecting the algebraic signs, by

the mean annual precipitation.]

 

’ Stations.

Mean.
annual.

1857. 1858. | 1859. | 1860.

1861.

1862.

1863.

1864.

1865.

 

NORTH DAKOTA.

Abercrombie, Fort........-.--
Abraham Lincoln, Fort
Bismarck

 

Stevenson, Fort -.-..-.-....---
Totten, Fort..-.......--..---.
Yates, Porti.c.500 000 cee ae

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Bennett, Fort
Deadwood
Paley Fortec .nccssicecewic wenemieiens
LUTON: ssicisin coer ose ices sivas
Kiniball cccexccsavexusais Gan
Meade, Fort
Morriston
Randall, Fort
Rapid City
Sisseton, Fort

MINNESOTA,

Moorhead
Sty VaniGentt awcceseas Geneetinnd

NEBRASKA.

Robinson, Fort....--.--------
Valentine

Annual 60109 s.ces oeeees

Annual sums North Dakota. -.
Annual sums South Dakota...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

82
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

83

Mean annual precipitation with annual and mean annual deviations in inches—Continued.

 

Stations.

1866,

1867.

1868.

1869.

1870.

1871.

1872.

1873.

1874.

1875.

 

NORTH DAKOTA.

Abercrombie, Fort..........--
Abraham Lincoln, Fort... -...-

PRO so se ras derma an aa hie os

   
  
  

Buford, Fort....---...---.----
Pembina, Fort........-..--.--
Rice, Forties sewssace scse xe cone
Stevenson, Fort ....-.....----
Totten, Fort....... maaan
Yates, Fort.......-.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Bennett, Fort -......--...---2
Deadwood .....-....

Ce ase een

FEAL 2 2 o~ oc eerence

Randall, Fort .....
Rapid City .......-.-
Sisseton, Fort -...-.-.
Sully, Fort.....-
Webster... . ee
MADCON .ciciedeicccic sincncgivaa eee

MINNESOTA,

Moorhead .....--...---..-----
Bb. Vincent. cccn<u svsseeew sexe

NEBRASKA.
Hay Springs..--....----..----

Robinson, Fort
Valentine ..........---..-----

—5. 29

+1. 83

+ 1.64

1.79:
— 4.64

+ 4.90

"3/88

 

  

+ 3.54

—"5.10 |-

— 2.63

  

 

wo =10. 47

weeeee ef 5.71
— 6.25 |— 8.42
— 3.43
— 7.96
— 1.07

0 10.52 |
7d

 
 
      
      
    

— 2.69 | 410.5

 

 

 

Annual sums ....--.-...

—5. 29

—10. 63

—19. 32

—21. 93

+11. 61

I—14. 63 |—32. 52

 

Annual sums North Dakota...

—5. 29

 

Annual sums South Dakota...

 

i— 4.79

 

I— 5. 84

 

— 2.48

 

—12. 59

+ 9.76

 

 

—16. 89

— 9. 34

+ 1.85

 

 

+ 0.69

—15. 32 |—37. 06

 

 
84 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Mean annual precipitation with annual and mean annual deviations in inches—Continued.

 

Stations. 1876. | 1877. | 1878. | 1879. | 1880. | 1881. | 1882. | 1883. | 1884.

 

NORTH DAKOTA.

Aborcrombie, Fort - ajearnaieieieisie wie ei Dn ke le duemveiaicin Said
Abraham Lincoln, Fort . weeeeeeee--[— 0.95 [410.75 |— 6.92 wees 2.

Bismarck . cree nee Sa ieaesstse ee a 02 |— 1.22 |+- 1.33 |+ 3.71 |+ 0. — 3.14 | 42.43 |— 3.24 | + 4.46
Buford, Fort... eee ee cece cece ee[— 0.95 -— 1.00 |... ----)-+ 6.38 J+ 9. + 0.61 | —0.56 |— 2.47 | — 5.92
+7
3
4.

5

ze 6

Pembina... ay Shea gine or aniecoepes eto -+ 1.37 |+-13.53 |— 0.99 O05: | 104: lewse nase ecceeciallece acs

Rice, BOM cscs ese hur ee ease se clan seeded lexan es we llne ween ax eaismyed | ereaeiern oe |lemiseseones a eletis
4. wi 4.06 | 9.97 faces ce caliwce 30-08
6 :

“\2"9°31 | 4.7.63 |-4 3.81 | 4+ 9.29

 

1
.
.
’

Stevenson; Fort...2.222 00222-0502 sess i "6.09 |... 020/02 2-2. + 5.23

‘Totten, Fort....-.-.-.-------------+--|— 3.38 [4+ 1.06 |+ 4.67 |4+ 1.37 + 4.46 |+ 0.37 | 10.80
Va tos): FOr tcaveccenesasssicd sie ciciaieicn del aweaisacrllemecrqewiallinetie oeiat [ogeee-e aeicll siereciees teaesrannn| =osO6

T+
wo

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Bennett, Fort... 22.2222 0622 sej00 0062 <0
Deadwood ........-----. 22 ee eee e ee ee ee
Hialéy Or ties sis: 3x oe ct renemersienvanie etree cae
OTON secs eswseide cca ecakieseote Us
Kim balls: ,20: 10 scbac sake access Bec
Meade, Port ncccjn.0% ceiqscicusieayectaeige eis ok
Morriston... acess meer nee cele
Randall, Fort.
Rapid City...
Sisseton, Fort.....---..----.. .
Sally) Port:..cec2 oop sceece cet enyees gece
Webster .2.c:cc.c00.cegraniseckee ence ae
Nankton ec se ccccce ee aieceeenondce

 

MINNESOTA.

Moot ROAM sche sc oecececenrssce codes tlt soe cede ence: | yuereecel eae me bee deel feb lll eOs6ds | 4 O59; | see,
Sb. VinGenti...2 5s. cess ren ge cesiee-dnige)| insists | RSs Same | Seema | ames wee loapeawe — 3.60 | +3.37 |— 1.23 | + 2

NEBRASKA,

 

Hay Sprints... ccesiec seosrssisleeindeeid 2s) ecine clare bowctacieelaeweeaes pees ! _

Robinson Morte ccc ensnse ace cwinwcedis |eenteween hewsenad ate ence | ‘1.-| — 2.33
Valentineseiccc. se nciesce-caceencaccews 2 hance seme lemecages

 

 

Annual sums..........-2----+---|+27.26 [4-37.44 [452.60 | 9.06 |+ 7. 62 |4+25. 31 |+34. 50 |-23.55 | +24.87

Annual sums North Dakota.......-.--|+ 9.04 |-}10.96 |-+28.32 |4-15.70 |4+-15.94 |— 1.45 |+16.61 \_ 3,83 | + 7.14
Annual sums South Dakota.-....-.....|-+-18.22 |4+26.50 |+-24.28 |— 6.64 |— 8.32 |4-25.55 | 4.48 +28. 02 | +13. 23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
E CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

85

Mean annual precipitation with annual and mean annual deviations in inches—Continued.

 

 

   
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abso- | Mean
Stations. 1885. | 1886. | 1887. | 1888. | 1889. | 1890. | 1891. |lutede-) devia-
viation.| tion.
NORTH DAKOTA.
Per cent.
Abercrombie, Fort ........-.....++-+-- 24
Abraham Lincoln, Fort ............... 31
Bismarck .........----.- seis oem 22
Burford, FOr t....2..22.0 22 enewercewecs cone 25
Pembina, Fort ........ SrakaMacess 27
Rice; Fort isccicicsnsuy seexers ee ce cece [ewe cee elec ne ween [eee cece [eee e cee ele eee cee elon ee eee] e-ee eel O10 |... ----
Stevenson, Fort.....1.-.....-. 22.20.06 29
Totten, Fort........2.-.-.-.-.-2-2---- 12
Yates, Fort ..... 22.2.0. -2-20. 50-2 ee eens 14
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Bennett, Fort...........-.-..- I 1.25 22
Deadwood ........-.-..- — 2.70 12
Hale, Fort ........-....- + 2.08 17
PANTO ccc cacsontenrablae Ry savas + 0.33 15
Kimball cncesy 2soccs ecg caceee oes ees + 1.97 26
Meade, Orb cities ae: ocrecsannsingsleters scree — 0.29 17
MOPPIStOR coe, sce cvsisixte socateierartecntovn ava er + 2.57 15
Randall, Fort...............-....-..-- + 3.14 28
Rapid Ctty son 2 scgee ez ezeeceaeesed cess + 2.57 16
Sisseton, Fort. .)........-.2.....-.-2-- + 0.08 26
Sully, Fort....-.-......220.0002-2-2 22-5 + 1.43 18
WYN SGON cea tine Sacem nero aumioa a aciae ambonios + 2.85 44
Yankton 212.cc0s0c 02 seeuse vecaees + 1.06 20
MINNESOTA,
Moorhead..........--..-- seeeee--| 1.69 [+4 2.39 |— 2.40 |— 7.87 |— 7.30 — 2.58 |— 0.06 i 0.72 16
St. Vincent .............-....2......-.| —2.53 [-— 4.07 I— 0.64 |— 1.89 |— 4.67 J+ 2.98 |4+ 9.24 |4+ 1.89 19
NEBRASKA,
idly, Springs. cc cence ocd cmaitecissien accent — 1.91 j++ 2.77 [4 1.13 |— 0.97 — 4.18 |4+ 3.13 — 0.01 11
Robinson, Fort.. .. oe we --| $2.74 [— 5.21 |+ 8.96 [4 1.25 |— 2.39 |\— 4.53 |4 2.45 |4 0.23 23
Valentine. ......--..-. aie pees ee I— 6.54 |— 2.52 |-4+ 2.82 |\— 0.83 |— 0.73 | 7.25 |+ 2.38 19
Annual sums................---.] $3.81 |—24.31 |+18.96 |—39.56 |—65.72 |—50.54 j+41. 24 [427.72 21
Annual sums North Dakota...........| —2.66 |+ 2.36 |+ 3.47 |— 4.87 |—36.79 |— 0.73 |+15. 69 |-+ 8.67 23
Annual sums South Dakota...........| --7.95 }—11.33 |+ 9.32 |—30.13 |—12.77 |-40.77 |+- 3.54 |+-13. 84 21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Apprnpix No. 15.
Excessive precipitation.

NORTH DAKOTA.

 

 

 

od
panel of i Rainfall of 2.50 inches | Rainfall equaling or exceeding
or more in 24 hours. 1 inch per hour.
: per month.
Stations.
Year.| Amount. |Year.| Day. | Amount. |Year.| Day.) Time. | Amount.
: May. ‘Inches. Inches. Hrs. min.| Inches.
Fort Pembina.... 2... 2.0 eee cen cece ee [ee eee [eee eee nee 1880 26 DsGde | th eli esoee |cceech bees lecterres ccs
June.
Fort Abercrombie....---.-...--------- 1872 10.15 | 1872 30 3.50 |. Grok wallas smomance| samead ons
; ecw ecfeceeae ee ee] 1874 23 BeTE | aincienbasiearnt| oe ecco ntn|saeees oes
Bismarck ........-..- A rane ctreoae eens chats ua soba eaceeeca ca] A888 8,9 Di BA. cicceccllscveieuse Padiee wand Dae are
Buford gs-2seessaencs re sisiaseCotags ctanoalcie cecta'| oid os se @Besresp=e oe || LEOO 3.23 | 1874 6 1 00 1.40
Fort Pembina ....-...---.-------.----- ao nese eres 1877 22 3.24 |... Be Alte ee sevaaters| esas se ass
Fort Ransom ........-----...--------- saaesaleacene ca va] 1872 | 25,26 2 SG5: | coms. Sunisellne zeewewes temo oe cece
Fort Totten.........----------- pee saad xeve oglaemarecen oe || 1871 4.02 |... eyelet Step listnate, Ga tees
Us te ull Adeereeerts eal ASTD 1 2IBO ere tezrcell pete leestcrn eden [oes ae ate
js -----| 1887 | 15,16 DDD We ect | earth tl ee tope recta (srt et Baca
: we nneeee--| 1888 , 2. 64 chee ps arcana a
BiSMALek {cc .ce pe sidisisine wecpis satin nice mw sic wo eeee loses oes 1
Fort Abraham Lincoln .....--.---------
HOt Busrord) oi. agscne nsec cows eeeeeasecs
Fort: Pem bina. «........ 2522 cece seesccas ii
Churchs Ferry. -.2:s22s s:2% sseseeesceee
Gratton. cccsssemseecs cies sees wx ewemesisic
SUC] 6 oxceveyenyednciwicins sow bee vice ees

Fort Pembina...
Fort Ransom ....-

 

 

 

 

Ott Sissetou caccanas cced cieatsena semen
Fort Totten -... Jill pa acemme aAF
FOV. VOUOS wn Strs ieee cere a. 211e eisjeleusisid ens Serer
StGC16 cin .5)/ cers Gina cise a Sinee se disitasierereieicieee
HOLL POM WING 1.515, oss6s 52 isc zeieicreucieeser o sisidasie
Wahpeton 23....02. 6s eco cteerecte &
Davenport... 2.200 ¢ 0 sees cemeeweneans «
Grand Rapids.........-..--------------
Na@poleon once < os oe veer eseeeseeemseles
Wild Rice: ssccesss os 26 cee sisiceeines cco
August.
Fort Abraham Lincoln ........---.-----|------!------ +++ 1876 | 22, 23 BBO: | eee a eeie| eyoeiaree toca telleremrepaerhs
POrt BurOtd. o.oo. cscie sais teseieiocn ce te ena Se oll eewwesal| seetslen sites |e < wie |areeee © <] slewee eas 1887 q 1 00 1.04
Fort Stevenson ...-.-----0. -220 econ ence [ene ne [eee ee cee 1876 22 3:00: veceisleewewul sit ixtets seu Keeieeweems
Port; Totten ..-< 2.22 -.22cceescens sweet same silences sone 1874 | 27, 28 2.82 | 1874 4 0 35 1, 04
Bere ie | eee emrete a 1880 | 25, 26 BENQ: besa se| Ges crea Ou aicnte cacao eo arndas
PAT Qo secicceaes caw sige sees ececemccsecis s [nie cellesicsice eve |aemceie|eacaee | smees ances 1891 19 0 53 1.07
Fort Pembingis. 22.2265 seesesecionieadant elle sleao aon cece meee salosees| seen eeed 1891 q 0 45 1.30
September. é
Fort Abercrombie SAG oso lecadlatelcee neu lose ceeee
S410 Was2oeeleasceaaaseccedlececantens
Davenport. 22: ccc conics tesco esacenciee's Deb. [ects dacss arc dlius ceeds ncllomameevcene
October.
Pembina sox seaswesecceseresewee case se DGG ee ees | ane At [bapa eewteecte ae] Oo se be a e
Fort Pet bititicsus wecawevsmonacs Silda aban Hite Li ee | eanwun eee en eaas 3 mene pee eeenes
Valley City scncs ccc encascsseses cece oee% 2.80) | nee cee ees eel Somes ewes seneisersens

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

86
Apprenpix No. 16.

Excessive precipitation.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

 

Rainfall of 10 F a i , a
qRalba con ahOre Rainfall of 2.50 inches | Rainfall equaling or exceeding

 

 

     

; per month. or more in 24 hours. 1 inch per hour.
Stations. :
Year.| Amount. |Year.| Day. | Amount. | Year.) Day.| Time. | Amount.
April. Inches. Hrs. min.| Inches.
DGa UNV O00 acs omreriie esnye secs ateu ctemarate's 16 2.52
17 3. 20
21, 22 2.86
22, 23 3. 32
Fort Sally x cssienevk vejetnsinecaanieeeweciol 24, 25 2.74
Yankton...... oapeats edeicnase ‘erat 6,7 4.60
FWPOI Wn con nen code cen ecen anda eamene |sbecew ewes ee ndl eee ewe geen cer eleemes cigs
May
Deadwood ........- 22. cece cece ceeeees
Morristown ....-...---.--2- cece eee ee
Fort Randall ............---.-- eats
Rapid Clty csccocs0:2 sop saeees ce ouue
Fort: Sully ss. ses ciccccee cease

  

 

WOHSUEDL Soc hose caee foes ees

Ne R Rsk ccdew nese ce ee elanew een

 

  
 
 
   
    
  
 
 
  

 

June.

DGG coos cowie nc anen eee Marne eee 9,10 250) Nisemne tenons paeseeaee 3 eeeeemeeen
pacers 23, 24 toe el heal ladder ee ceva as cll ctoerenye cee

Fort Randall. 22262620 .seseceecess cece 1875 30 5.10 | 1873 28 0 15 1.56
pewe ce 18 4.85, | 1875 14 0 45 1.10

1 2.80 | 1878 23 1 30 2.20
Rapid City xs aha says apes ee nimte tie [eronatie ig! |orceardvate aie ai | ore everenel| orca nctoigt Sel lesataieiare sa rejae 1888 % 0 12). 0.27
Fort Sully ..-..-.- 28, 29 S300) ee Sates soa eee ratocie [ewes alan
13 SLD cece emaxie ewe Sainayl acneaeeee
Fee oo vie Re tweed wide wmserabowanine fe sic ei ateboielsawinisin 1884 24 0 20 1. 33
5 2 E
er cere 3

VAnHOM es accoccis sce sncalsces ana seeaeepeuent 1

AT MOUR aie ciciseinciceidantic vaxuloace we nielleesiarsk

ONIG:cjsidcpearnatviain are sioiws stas wpe wrenenixitwanbeardig

BPP Lak... vic ecsiens eieeiesemenceweins [ve ania

We DSter wane sasiscteiis esi iseie ne cede perce lenrniemce

BCT CO ou minioakecnansseuen cua ewlemeany,

Fort Meade

Fort Sully.....-

IiPhMOre: sac cic eceowe nese seaeierceecdcslsenece

Milbank cctcrciasias cecicrsaies ceentagige; || 1890

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FPOTOM eas ace ace ance cessed dees

Kimball occ.scossasenasaseeeesscsior. 6.

Plankinton ...-.. es 26, 27 eric rectal sis iss | See
Spearfish -...... 14 3.00 | 1891 14 2 40 3. 00
St. Lawrence 15, 16 | De TDy Uecctats tail ata gratare | aalatenteaeyallae msieeteene

 
‘y

88 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Excessive precipitation—Continued.

SOUTH DAKOTA—Continued.

Rainfall of 10
inches or more

Rainfall of 2.50 inches |

®

or more in 24 hours.

Rainfall equaling or exceeding
1 inch per hour.

 

 

 

 

 

   
 
   

 

 

Stations.  aalias iad
Year. | Amount. | Year.| Day. | Amount. | Year.| Day.| Time. | Amount.
Tuly. Inches Inches. Hrs. min.| Inches
Des w000 wos ccs seaxsnwe veweceweesensl stem leseesc.ecieslsecess tesla s| scence ees 1872 27 0 45 1.16
Firesteel .... seueeeeueeeee seks ecewen eesoaesen 1876 8 Bi SO! bescisysicss flateinin sell aiesccaunidoisine fe ate accicta cite
Highmore .... 2 < smnars| semmicslaeemsiavcice 1888 28 2510! |rsceparats | Siaatetae [breisinccie as einled x eeinagialaia
PLU OM eis st Sia ore navaiael hes aleviors acdetci ie epee ta sates feral Grsrecorefavin ararall istetelee mionxerara cll teens 1882 29 2 00 2. 06
ertepe ee teeta aayetel|lsmanidlemmecta cl enwecewsises 1884 21 0 45 1.05
rte forall aaa rayne gases Pavers eral Sparrctenc oll Seeets ays rei 1885 26 0 10 1.30
HOT bs MORUG wesictoiaici oie wiclafay taratade tte erate tees nell satel eo smieaercesctal| tSvetetslsiell ekscrsieve alles eeeete ana 1888 r 1 00 1.40
Morriston ....-.-.-.-. 22-2 -2eee2eeeeeee 1878 10. 20 | 1878 | 22, 23 S. OD | a sina foe esins| seis swe see leeeecd wees
Rar RS Onto cacscaad a se. cisncn ee Sareea atera [aeek elle coecnee amsccal iow eee ral | Sarerase re arateram cata 1887 1 0 50 1.45
Port: Randall, 4.0.0. scccdcocedaadiscc scene mnarie 1878 11.85 | 1869 | 14,15 BEND | scacercrets [iets a iniare: | artevare crated | Reeser
ODE SM Ys <. oe etedasepieeiewswetenaenicindieis: si] ocemcul|w'aaeacenaire 1871 3 6.45 | sccuies [weiss 2a] oosags- sees samen cone
Be NUE Letra nates, eae ad 1878 | 21, 22 Bo AO! | easictpeee [ize me tel| Sislarcveret stewed xrcrael ona
Webster -...-.....2.---.--0- eee eee --| 1884 14.65 | 1884 2,3 4,84 | 1884 | 2,3 45 4, 84
5 1.10
0 2.21
0 1.20
1 2.15
1 2.56
2 2.20
0 1.40
0. 1.10
WOIBOY cna culeconsavundiina tecceuicwevenaulecnod| es Granite Mawes boa tue.|teseewed an 1889 | 25 1 00 1.59
Scranton .......... saw pisclacas sek oncnontinioee wi etal eowicta lel ace De sceabcaeaap aa tt tee hl eat aa seta au aac 1890 ze 0 40 1. 06
Wad COM sis iscaia ic. wraigiccaiais oaersiad Site seas mine wemicch (ia ow atctnate 1890 | 19, 20 DIO: cssrcios | hae ad | iso eer Poioe tell cree wets
PAW OT 6 aan acs oo 2, ajc. nies dicts edcinls aicca aa aces leide wal: ata nl eee ata nae [eeeeadeesere 1891 16 0 35 1.40
Ores t: CY teense cinfecicisis civ ecieiowwes 23a sis sacciacuel| > Gemrdg-coae 1891 5,6 2.72 | 1891 3 0 40 2.25
Gary? simeissiewe eens wane. ctidiew aera mersicherdisis | oa)crocecleeie-cinic ‘eisinre Hime biGallisieiiecied [bieic. csauelenia 1891 16 0 30 1.30
Park ston) cusasaecisisws wetmmeneg aeseawes [ae nicc.eeccnce/e tte [decost|tsinesies kiewie eanecae 1891 19 1 00 1.58
Rapid. City vsssns ccmewe nnsiese sn xecsiews |< osc aheceacue Been |Siewicics| a ncisasie| ences eu occ 1891 5 0 43 1.33
August. F
ORD W000 sic tices siosie's sivitivee eeee aimee mtwene eames eesis|sammeclonen sss lseewieaecus 1875 8 1 05 1.70
HOt Rana sac sei \sinsicicncctiondrs seein al civecegileeees eoeciets 1871 | 12,13 2.84 | 1875 25 1 00 2.30
sansa ase ontesese 1885 7 2.68 | 1888 5 0 30 1.32
POPS. = soc a cece sa edicntscasace aocpecenen|s pseu cies 1869 13 AOD Voc seereclemrrsiel al Smisieisaeis lees s ciceie, ts
PLUG ON 6 20c06)s. San concn ee sceeie CARS SS) Siecwe neces see 1886 | 19, 20 2.49 | 1886 7 1 00 1.90
foteteciall eiahatatet ovaioee|| apse h| eratetl tend lem ence 1886 19 1 00 1.62
MOPTiSt0n cia ciomieisiad-saeceaskens aceadtos'tacemalltemwence Meus 1881 1 3.20 | 1881 30 1 30 1.60
Pareto ss oss. ojo ictus niccineieicere ane e----| 1887 10. 84 | 1877 29 - 3.60 | 1887 Ae 1 00 1.50
Weed ite css sae ses seus cesses ts .aisieieiacicse-allseveaseseipanrercios saree 1884 19 es cascieacie | sg cece iate elanets ete Map stereie were
Van kton wnccciew we ceils eee siesews semis nc et feveceinallacecias smaie 1886 8,9 AO soercictll ee teed [aetna acess =
Alexandria: sjsu sone wewaswe si eeens 23.0 2\l6.c 0000 |dectuce- ose 1889 18 DZeAD: adsense lNieasts veape | atm terereicncts ena] drorararctoia diane
Van keton ss sien cowawnweieaisnoe wen weiesiewal| occ c| amici Oe |ReRE REN sac one cbecied-aee tcc 1889 12 1 02 1.46
Rapid City’ scsi seeensesce were acct ien coe laces sabe patie) Mecscec eeeceemanc 1890 10 1 06 1.17
HOTb: BONN OLE s cto save Saye teie eas Sranelayeralotetaraee scenes | pei eave Were Aedinc lee ceed oats 1891, 14 0 30 1.00
Sioux Falls 19 1 00 1.22
PYNGALL, oss ssiwieleleccwelenncnee aaeeciee 10 0 30 1.43
September.
Port Randall osc .ccccccecscise saccaig es 8,9 3.40
Smithville..--.. 2.2.2... 0 eee eee eee 6 4.08
"WODStET  aieict oe cee ainmed wewimneen-eaiwisiees 12 3. 81
MAN COM -piecceicveisieie- cups aia ents ayaetiaeatiets 2 3.00
29 2.59
11, 12 2.53
6 8. 45
Alexandria 13 3. 00
Canton .-- 13, 14 4,22
Webster .. 13, 14 3. 49
Sioux Fall 5,6 2. 80
DV el atic aed levitate eat cameie | eacietan teva a 1879 | 15, 16 BT cu Le iddcnlxeoemegeal aaaueane

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Aprrenpix No. 17.

Seasonal precipitation normals—Quarterly values—Records for many years.

 

 

 

 
 
 
  

  

 

 
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First quarter. Second quarter. Third quarter. Fourth quarter.
Stations. : Annual,
Jan. Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. [3 une. | July. | Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | Nov. | Dec.
NORTH DAKOTA,
Inches. Inches. Inches? Inches. Inches.
Abercrombie, Fort .......... 2.05 6.94 6.47 2.37 17. 83
Abraham Lincoln, Fort..-...- 1.70 7.63 4.69 1.98 16. 00
Bismarck ..................- 2.19 ‘8.47 5. 82 2.42 18.90
Buford, Fort sce. ssesx esasez 1.53 6. 00 3. 83 1.93 13.29
Davenport .-......-.-..----- 1.20 5.72 8.41 1.59 16. 92
New England City -......... 1.18 7.40 2.85 1.06 12. 49
Pembina, Fort .............- 2. 34 8.15 6. 44 3.23 20.16
Ransom, Fort ..-.-.....----- 2.77 6.90 7.39 2.02 19. 08
RICO, FOrtissccccae Gide seeaisee 1.89 7.84 3. 69 1.76 15.18
Richardton ..-. 4.53 10. 43 8.30 3. 22 26. 48
Seward, Fort .......... 1.02 7.79 5.45 0. 83 15. 09
Stevenson, Fort -.---......-. 1. 89 6. 35 5.59 1.94 15.77
Totten, Fort ..--....----..-. 1.95, 7.41 5. 85 2.61 17. 82
Yates, Fort.........-..------ 2.16 6. 84 5.61 1.62 . 16. 23
MCAS! siciccienswipt sew as 2.03 7.42 5.74 2.08 17. 23
~ SOUTH DAKOTA.
Alexandria......-.......-.-- 2. 87 10. 20 8.76 3.25 25. 08
Bennett, Fort ....-..-...---- 1.98 7.90 5. 65 1.72 . 17. 25
Brookings 2.14 7.73 4.91 1. 80 16. 58
Deadwood 4.45 13. 55 6.13 4.35 28. 48
Hale, Fort .- 2. 62° 8. 62 5.61 x 3. 06 19. 91
Huron ..-.- 1.73 a 8. 06 2.51 22. 09
Kimball o...0-2,--ss2vess 2, 22 7.16 5.39 2.00 16.77
Meade, Fort é 2.42 9.61 4.92 1.62 18.57
Morriston cisc. ccs ccice ase ser 2.61 11..44 9.84 3. 83 27.72
O)IV 6B asicsccereisinnicinioemcn tees 2.41 11. 94 8. 09 3.90 26. 34
Parkston 2. 82 8.53 11.51 2.24 25.10
Randall, Fort ...--..-.. actaves 2.08 8.59 7.19 2.59 20, 45
Rapid City 2.44 10. 24 4.46 1.30 18. 44
Sisseton, Fort.....-.-...- 2.73 8.71 7.40 3.07 21.91
Sully, Fort 1.93 7.17 5.81 1.49 17.00
Vermillion .. 2.42 6. 20 6.78 2.96 18. 36
Webster esc. iesieis pasiewied veers 7.01 14. 48 10. 08 6.27 37. 84
W186 Y’.00:njenin ceinn cicae cee cne 2.53 7. 86 3.99 2.16 16.54
Woonsocket 1.74 7.09 4.05 1.26 14.14
Yankton cscen ccescesececsxe 2. 54 11. 62 F 9.59 2.91 26. 66
Mean) sec cescact cesca 2.68 9. 45 ~6.91 2.71 21.75
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA.
Sioux City, Iowa.........-.. 2.95 10. 44 11.61 4, 26 29. 26
Moorhead, Minn......-..---. 2.44 8.57 9.52 3. 83 24,36
St. Vincent, Minn ..........- 1.93 6. 82 7.14 3. 22 19.11
Hay Springs, Nebr .--....-.- 2.99 9.07 5.93 2.13 20.12
Robinson, Fort, Nebr... Be 2.41 6.59 4,75 2.78 16.53
Valentine, Nebr..-.-..-.---- 2. 64 9.11 6. 89 1.84 20. 48
89

8. Ex. 15712
Aprenvix No. 18.

Seasonal precipitation normals—Records for many years.

 

Stations.

Dry season— Winter.

Wet season—Spring, summer, and autumn.

 

Jan. [ Fee. | Nov. | Dec.

Mar. | Apr. | May. |June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct.

Annual.

 

NORTH DAKOTA.

Abercrombie, Fort .......-.-

Abraham Lincoln, Fort....--. :

Bismark, 2: .c002 -eseccistcncices
Buford, Fort .....-...---.---
Davenport ......-..---------
New England City ...-...---
Pembina, Fort ..-..---..----
Ransom, Fort ...-.---.---.--
Rice, Fort .... .-....---- peutic
Richardton ....-....--..----
Seward, Fort .....-..----.--

Stevenson, Fort

   

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Alexandriasccce2scssesecccce
Bennett, Fort .....-.--.-----
Brookings ..---. ---------- isa
Deadwood ....---.----------
Hale, Fort ..

 
 

Meade, Fort. ....-.-.--------
Morriston. ....-..----- Snauee
Olivet! § se. -icececce neces s
Parkston.,---.-.-------.----
Randall, Fort ..---.---.-----
Rapid City..----.-----------
Sisseton, Fort.......-.-----.
Sully, Fort....---..---------
Vermillion ....5...+-+-2205-

   

Wolsey ------
Woonsocket .-..-..- --------
Yankton ....-.---.-... iecsae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA,

Sioux City, lowa.....--.----
Moorhead, Minn..-.....-.--..
St. Vincent, Minn..-..
Hay Springs, Nebr ..-
Robinson, Fort, Nebr...-...-.
Valentine, Nebr......-..-.--

 

 

 

 

Inehes.

5 15.40 17. 83

: 13. 90 16. 00

; 16. 37 18. 90
2.04 11. 25 13.29
1.48 15. 44 16. 92
1.31 11.18 12.49
3. 01 17.15 20.16
3.04 16. 04 19. 08
2.18 13. 00 15.18
5.77 20.71 26. 48
0. 64 14, 45 15. 09
1.79 13. 98 15.77
2,43 15.39 17. 82
2.58 13. 65 16. 23
2.38 14. 85 17. 23
2.84 22. 24 25. 08
2.23 15. 02 17. 25
3.00 13.58 16.58
5.23 23. 25 28. 48
2.39 17.52 19. 91
2.20 19. 89 22. 09
3.01 13.76 16.77
2. 30 16. 27 18.57
2.77 S 24. 95 27.72
3.09 23. 25 me 26. 34
3.48 21. 62 25.10
2.33 18.12 20. 45
2.07 16. 37 18. 44
2.89 19. 02 21.91
1.79 15. 21 17.00
2.97 15.39 18. 36
8.34 29.50 37. 84
3.31 13. 23 16. 54
2.12 12. 02 14.14
2. 87 23. 79 26. 66
3.06 18. 70: 21.75
3. 80 25.46 29. 26
3.28 21. 08 24. 36
2.62 16.49 19. 11
3.12 17. 00 20.12
2.45 14. 08 16.53
2.15 18, 33 20. 48

 

90

-
Appenpix No. 19.

Seasonal precipitation normals—Records for many years.

 

Dry season—Winter, spring, and autumn.

Wet season—Summer.

 

 

 

  
  
  

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 
  
  

 

 

 

Stations. Annual.
Jan, | Feb. | Mar. Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Apr. | May. [5 une. | July. | Aug.
NORTH DAKOTA.
Inches, Inches.
Abercrombie, Fort ......-.-.- 6.24 11.59 17.83
Abraham Lincoln, Fort..-.--.- 4,45 11.58 16. 00
BiG oo wan qos n tweens cee: 5.70 13. 20 18. 90
Buford, Fort - 4.37 8.92 12.29
Davenport ..-.-.-.-.-------- 5.57 11. 35 16. 92
New England City .......--- 2.58 9.91 12.49
Pembina, Fort .....-...----- 7.19 13.11 20.16
Ransom, Fort --.---.-------- 6.95 12. 13 19. 08
Rice, Fort ....-.-.---.------ 4,48 10. 69 15.18
Richardton ...-.--..-----.-- 9.05 17.43 26. 48
Seward, Fort .....-.. 2.97 12.12 15. 09
Stevenson, Fort .. 5.21 10. 56 15.77
Totten, Fort .......---. 5.55 12. 23 17. 82
Yates, Fort.......--.---.---- 4.58 11. 63 16. 23
MGAUE cccnwa serine cess 5.35 11. 89 17. 23
SOUTH DAKOTA.
AletWBOV i... conccensccncee 8.36 16. 72 25.08
Bennett, Fort...---.---.---- 5.03 12. 22 17. 25
Brookings ..---. .----------- 4.99 11.59 16.58
Dead woe na cscnscccceve cane 9. 86 18. 62 28.48
Hale, Fort ...--.---.-------- 6. 38 13. 03 29.9%
HG@200 5.04 .cncsaveweswevecees 5.71 16.39 22.09
Kimball ... 5.12 11. 65 16.77
Meade, Fort 4.60 13.99 18.57
Morriston 8.57 19.15 27.72
Olivet:.2.ccccevecweencince se) 8.45 17,89 26. 34
Park ston soics00 ce0ege ene ence 7.57 17.53 25.10
Randall, Fort -..--..-.. 6.58 13. 89 20. 45,
Rapid City..--...-.-... 4.48 13.98 18, 44
Sisseton, Fort........-.. 7.08 14. 84 21.91
Sully, Fort......-.-...- 2 4.37 12.59 17.00
Vermillion .......---...---.- 7.07 11.29 18. 36
Webster ...-..---.---.. if 16.11 22.57 37. 84
Wolsey. v-newansakiertnnn. 6.05 10.49 16.54
Woonsocket ...... ---.------ 4.11 10. 03 14.14
Yankton ...-....---.-------- 8.19 18. 47 26. 66
Means moc cesececeed cs 6.93 14. 84 21.75
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA.

Sioux City, Iowa...........- 10. 55 18.71 29. 26
Moorhead, Minn...... ciate 8.79 15.57 24. 36
St. Vincent, Minn .........-. 7.28 11,23 19.11
Hay BpenES Neb? sscc<5 sees 5.74 14.39 20. 12
Robinson, Fort, Nebr....-.-.. 5.72 10.57 16.53
Valentine, Nebr....-..----.. 5. 65 14, 87 20, 48

 

 

 

91
Seasonal precipitation normals—Records for many years. .

Apprrenpix No. 20..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dry season—October to March, in- | Wet season—April to September, in-
2 clusive. clusive.
Stations. Annual.
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Oct. Apr. | May. | June. July. Aug. | Sept.
NORTH DAKOTA,
Inches. Inches.
Abercrombie, Fort .........- 4.42 13. 41 17.83
Abraham Lincoln, Fort...-.. 3. 68 12. 32 16. 00
Bismarck aco i0c:jcees see owes 4.61 14. 29 18. 90
Buford, Fort .....-..-.-..--- 3.46 9. 83 13. 29
Davenport ......-....-..---- 2.79 14.13 16. 92
New England City .....--.-.| 2.24 10. 25 12. 49
_ Pembina, Fort .....-.-..-.-- 5.57 14. 59 20. 16
" Ransom, Fort .....-.-..-.--- 4.79 14. 34 19. 08
_ RICO; FOLD sc cain se sone tees 3.65 11.53 15,18
Richardton .-...-...-...---- 1.75 18.73 26. 48
Seward, Fort ............-.. 1.85 13. 24 15. 09
Stevenson, Fort..........--. 3. 83 11.94 15.77
Totten, Fort ....-....-..---. 4.56 13. 26 17.82
Yates, Fort.........-...----- 3.78 12.46 16, 23
Means ones osinieice sine'e 4.07 13. 16 17, 23
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Alexandria.........-... 6.12 18. 96 25. 08
Bennett, Fort 3.70 13. 55 17. 25
Brookings ...-.. ...--.------ 3.94 12. 64 16.58
Deadwood ....-.-.---.------ 8. 80 19. 68 28, 48
Hale, Fort .....-----..---.-- 5. 68 14, 23 19.91
AUrOn vecueurowsniensayanse seu 4.24 17. 85 22. 09
Kimball :o022cneessacsrascss 4,22 12. 55 16.77
Meade, Fort 4, 04 14.53 18.57
Morriston. ....-...---.------ 6.44 21, 28 27.72
Qveti scant wise sete racier seats 6.31 20. 03 26. 34
Parkston........-...-------- 5. 06 20, 04 25.10
Randall, Fort ........-..-.-. 4. 67 15. 78 20. 45
Rapid City..--.....-...-...- 3.74 14.70 18, 44
Sisseton, Fort.......--.----. 5. 80 16.11 21,91
Sully, Mort sci..cciex scien ncece 3.42 18. 58 17.00
Vermillion .......----.---+-- 5.38 12, 98 18.36
Webster .......-....-.-.---- 13. 28 24, 56 37. 84
Wolsey snes cesses ceeneren 4.69 11. 85 16.54
Woonsocket ..-.-..- ieee anetetins 3.00 11,14 14,14
Yankton ossee% wean sceensenes 5.45 21,21 26. 66
Means ............---- 5. 40 16. 36 21.75
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA.
Sioux City, Iowa.....-...... 7.21 22. 05 29. 26
Moorhead, Minn..........-.. 6.27 18. 09 24, 36
St. Vincent, Minn ........... 5.15 13. 96 19.11
Hay Springs, Nebr ...-..-... 5.12 15. 00 20. 12
Robinson, Fort, Nebr....-... 5.19 11.34 16.53
Valentine, Nebr.........-... 4.48 16. 00 20. 48

 

 

92
Dev Pride. Cee

Lacks of reas of LowFressure. (Storm Cen ters.)
Total Deficiency of Rainfall 72.93 Inches.

 

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—
8 Ex. 477. 621
Aprenpix No. 21

Deficiency of precipitation as compared with normal values for many years.

DRY PERIODS.

 

 

 

    
  

 

= [In inches.]
x
‘ May, June, August, | Total de-
Stations. 1889, 1889. 1889. ficiency.

Bismarck, Ni; Dak scosscocnsewe ve seep seecieese sees sesexees eeoeiseesmeeses +0. 72 2.56 1, 66 3.50
Fort Buford, N. Dak ....-. +0. 45 1.75 0. 35 1. 65
Fort Pembina, N. Dak .... arene 2.42 2. 64 +0. 24 4,82
Mort: Totten, Ni Dak 6. jelep acenu a scscesurs tii: Santee tekaiaes Beane tere caer 1.70 2.13 +0. 20 3.63
Fort Yates; Ne Dak\ens0. tsecus cee menax cesar ee vem: wiveisede + saiawes ceee ee +1. 68 1.94 1.35 1.61
Davenport, N..Dalleacciccis vancciss scsi cei cra ticinn is Sretesnaisie oootenniersiays wiecneers so aimioniees +0. 22 |. 2.62 +0. 33 2.07
Fort Bennett, 8. Dak ui. cocci eee een ee wae ewes ceenweesceewee| PL 12 1.89 1.16 1.93
Hurey,:S.,ak.«-.-.watseseaysecceeg eocecee ene iaeeeouecaeaetemies 0.10 3. 04 2.31 5.45
Fort Meade, 8. Dales: c00: 20 ¢ose2e:0 vee eee eees srk secuy couvmean vee yevaxces 2.00 1.62 * 1.96 5.58
Fort Randall, 8. Dak... .. ee wena 1.44 1.90 1.95 4,39
Rapid City, 8. Dak........--..-22---2--+- 2.11 0.94 1.48 4.53
Fort Sully, S. Dak 20.22 .0sc08 2 sesceece ves +0. 36 1.61 1.04 2.29
Webster, S. Dak -.......--.- She 0.51 +0. 66 1.98 1,83
Yankton, 8. Dak .........- 2.47 1.60 0.41 4.48
Alexandria, 8. Dak.......- 1.29 2.61 +1.11- 279
Brookings, 8. Dak --...--- 0. 39 3. 01 1.12 4.52
Kimball, 8. Dak -.......-- 0. 02 2.52 0. 43 2.97
Spearfish, 8. Dak ... 0. 46 3.73 1.30 5.49
Moorhead, Minn .....- 0. 76 3.17 1.37 5. 30
St; Vincent, Minn: ecnciee as sainsaaee enez csee vensnses Rees seeeeces cesses 1. 06 2. 88 0.16 4.10
SUMS 22:2 icicesvane ew scicendseaneeiecds io Gtaaidecadammesepanemmteemen 12.18 43. 50 17. 25 72.93

 

 

 

 

 

93
Appenpix No. 23.

Deficiency of precipitation as compared with normal values for many years.

DRY PERIODS.

 

 

   

 

 

[In inches.]

: c May, June, July, | Total de-

Baannte - 1986? | 1886. | 1886. | ficiency.
Bismarck, Ni Dakivscss se sesvdesecens nace cues vows wvctetes saws seen caseeews 0. 90 1.56 Li 3.57
Fort Buford, N. Dak 2.200 «sex sessuesaeens gene eee Heenesenesqe cues seceeess 0. 80 1.85 1.06 3.71
Fort:Pembina, N. Dak. cc2s.2-c20 ccejeejenacs ¢ceeesaeaesinesaeais oe cee cee ses 4 0.46 -+0. 66 0.77
Fort Totten, N. Dak -- ag pinatgieuh spring eum ad barracos Eicken 4° 0.90 1.08 1.55
Richardson, N. Dak . (*) 1, 82 0. 87 2.69
Deadwood, 8. Dak ... cern 2 ainiseeeisaaicte i 7 3. 64 1.73 0.39 5.76
PAS ale are haces Aedevacnal ean nat neaceies os eine daaamninnee ae dace 1.56 2.18 2.08 5.77
Fort Meade, 8. Dale. oe se ernie crete een acd aiescxpiciors amine vieieioieia enc eee wee oe Sues 3.45 2.32 +0. 98 4.79
Fort Randall, 8. Dakss eoee se eeee vere cere cone cose cose reas reee teat eee ies 0.79 1.31 2.46 4.56
PortiSull yiiSs Dak 2. 2 oi -scisccienccisinue S2ciouee sees Seid se ee detiee se temas 1.74 0. 01 0. 37 2.12
Hort Sisseton; 8: Dale .:.25-'s qociemsicc cnsieeense aoe secemstek eee Saesieess 1.32 2. 05 2.18 5.55
Yankton; 8. Dall wcssccoscis sereecemcestecioses toe reveseear ns Meee cere kes 0. 80 1.21 3. 07 5. 08
Kimball, 8. Dak 22.00: ssss00 venessesesanens s eee eeerenns ous Gude wees eae 0. 88 0.69 1.25 2. 82
\St. Vincent, Minn. ...... .-..-2.. 2. eee eee cee cee cee tee eee eee eee 0. 34 1.49 0.38 2.21
Sass ees recta kee ee enLicaee oe ccisientaan seam seeinceceie Cece tna. 16. 76 19.58 14. 61 50. 95

 

 

 

 

*Missing.
94 -
Dry Periods, pperdix M24.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Cent ers.)

May, June, and July JE8.
Total Deficiency phatrfall 50.95 Inches.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Wet Periods, “ype tex N? 26.

Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storne Cert ders.)
June IE86, 1890, and 7597,

 

 

 

Total Hxcess Rawwfall BE% Inches.

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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APPENOIx NV228.

Alrerage Precipitation iv Inches.

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Alrerage Precipitation in Inches.

APPENDIA N229.

March

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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APPENDIX N337.

 

 

 

 
 

 

  
  
   
  
 

 

 

 

 

 

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Excess of precipitation as compared with normal values for many years.

WET PERIODS.

 

 

  
  
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

{In inches.]
. June, June, June, | Total ex-
ae 1888 1890. | 1891. | cess.
Fort Abraham Lincoln, N. Dak 2.52 7.49 1.41 11. 42
Fort Buford, N. Dak ......-.-.-----.----- 3.97 2.45 4.30 10. 72
Fort Pembina, N. Dak ... 4.31 1.78 2. 26 8.35
Fort Totten, N. Dak ...-.-. 3.72 3.15 (*) 6.87
Fort Yates, N. Dak ..........----.------- 4,24 3.16 1. 02 8.42
Davenport, N. Dak...- —1. 42 2.29 1.73 2.60
Brookings, S. Dak .. z (*) 3.42 —0. 40 3.02
Kimball, 8. Dak .........---.----..------ —1.47 —0.17 6. 04 4.40
Huron, 8. Dak ..------------------------- —2. 98 179 4.00 2.81
Fort Meade, 8. Dak .........---...---2 +222 20 eee eee eee ee 2. 28 3. 08 1,07 6.43
Fort Randall, 8. Dak. .222¢ se.sevaucersgencse sencer sci ees teats tcnneseces —0. 69 —0. 96 3.01 1.36
Fort Sully, S. Dak_.....--..--.------ +++ --- eee eee eee ee 0. 48 3.16 —112 2.52
Spearfish, 8. Dak........---.-----------+- ("7 1. 63 2.11 3.74
Moorhead, Minn .-.-....---------------------- see eee eee ee —1.15 2.47 0.19 1.51
St; Vincent; Mints jcces sccscenesceseiesacne sevens cceeninse coast eede eceecic Belo 0. 44 4,53 8.70
SOME spose. ce scans sisdon since obec seadeaqeioes oysters sensneucinnee select 17.54 35.18 30. 15 82. 87
“Missing.
95
Appenpix No. 40.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(References: An asterisk (*) indicates incomplete record, but to what extent not accurately known; { ], interpolated values. Letters of
the alphabet indicate the number of days missing from the record.]
FORT ABERCROMBIE, N. DAK.

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual
1959 cccaccmemeeeel par ense 9 24 BA 1 esascreimieiliorarorevardvelamaimew's leisiv es oiecll aimee Slates | Seema eres
1860 corsercieeoatnn |e euimnawal aroecen peeamanfasemeer| nsmedadiasesen<|casecaci[osseae 54 48 25 10
ABOU oc sientiaecrsente 3 12 17 43 53 71 72 68 58 44 28 14
UG? ia asas asian -aecicee 1]; —2 20 35 62 69 73 68 59 44 28 19
SOS asesnciocimnse 8 7 21 52 62 70 72 68 57 36 24 10
NS GAy os 55 Scipaiajse ioc 9 20 23 42 60 72 74 72 58 43 26 1
SOS) cicpuerumigeinionts 6 17 14 38 59 67 73 72 68 47 33 5
1866 . se tees 8 4 14. | syescteree se GO: | spayerceprall daw dapat rave fe sais 58 49 30 10
L867 sceecccecwee 3 4 3 38 53 70 1 75. 63 49 32 9
4868) o2ncsmeecse 4 4 24 85 61 70 79 69 49 40 26 13
1869) 22 ccscce owes 10 6 13 39 58 64 70 68 60 38 PAE aciesc ee allo maiane se
S10 ne ccsoraisp ese 3 10 16 47 63 13 71 67 62 47 36 16 43
ISTE wie ee wc 6 10 21 39 63 70 73 72 60 45 19 | — 0.3 40
ISI cecimacccccre 7 10 12 40 57 70 73 68 59 50 21 1 39
ABTS ccc ecimmereven 1 10 19 36 53 73 72 71 52 40 24 8 38
1874 ..2...2.---- 4 6 14 32 65 771 15 72 63 48 23 15 AL
VS1D inseam owes oven —6;) —6 13 39 60 66 3 69 61 45 19 17 38
TS1G isc wemnsace 5 3 10 40 60 68 74 69 55 39 16 4 37
1ST? cece sciedicn —3 19 17 42 BL. |sseenee 72 69 61 OS) leis cictet al sree eee mee

Means .... 4 8 16 39 59 70 73 10 59 44 26 10 40

FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, N. DAK.

1BTS .o6ic.0s 2 one soot |Ze seen seemes | eeeniee)lleeees ee eeeeess 70 3 55 42 30 16: |scee eee
TST: ccc wees casin 12 14 22 39 60 69 76 70 63 50 23 19 43
I8TD: cccscswscwets —8| —4 16 35 58 |~ 64 73 68 59 46 20 22 37
1816 sxvesern snes 11 9 14 43 60 69 vis) 72 57 44 24 8 40
ISUT sesmnsanecing 6 27 20 40 60 62 13 69 62 47 32 34 44
1878 cccasccieewin 20 28 40 50 53 70 74 74 59 42 37 aay 46
ASTD iar toreipics eisiats 8 4 Pe 56 69 74 72 57 50 MeO Picwcscicies
T8830: cc sweirccece 12 10 16 33 60 64 GB: | case seis 57 45 18 DS Wisisreiece ices
ABST sca poe ete —3 8 24 38 61 66 75 72 53 40 24 24 40
NSB sciice.inecicrsrccts 10 21 20 37 52 64 67 71 60 45 28 11 40
1833 soseissie criss sia —5 6 21 42 52 67 69 67 57 39 24 12 88
NSB Ae eas coisa nas 2} —2 18 39 57 71 66 68 57 46 28 2 38
1885) ssceamamieeee —3; -—1 23 43 57 66 72 64 58 44 30 23 40
SSG) cctadiedciatorerctel —6 15 24 46 61 67 76 71 56 48 25 2 40
1 S81 prsaisccveesc: —9] —11 15 41 61 70 72 66 59 41 31 9 37
1833) ocic ductericie sites —6 10 13 43 51 65 1, |sesecse 58 43 28 25) | cpeewae
S89! ics ccsc ites 14 6 35 48 52 65 70 71 56 46 25 15 42
1890) ....ccesesxes —3 3 19 45 49 67 72 68 58 47 38 26 41
1891. eee ee cieres 25 8 17 $42) | barmivies 60 Cdr sige cieelll einen ad jaredlmeecerclseemaniel Sone etme

Means - 4 8 21 41 56 66 71 70 58 45 27 14 40

BATHGATE, N. DAK.

SOL 6:2 ecient ar cnc snc e se Rares o| Seswe'e | Sesh cc MRE a eecBeibscllscisicces|| seu eeieie| mmrwiowpra 43 20 ALY illssjscveyeoie

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
*

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

FORT BERTHOLD, N. DAK.

97

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

|
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.: Iuly. | Ang. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual,
(ee
1866 cemsmereienes | plates dd beennsiaieael cease nszad lacs arial sare isieaval sideman | cise | wohmaes 58 47 36| 17 |...-----
ISBT lawecdss xis ; 10} 10 8) 46) 53 [....... Lact A igusate etacee seemed | Medina a. (naueaee exaltation
i
BISMARCK, N. DAK.
| |
1874 sore cxensace spiiociuae Reeth Sate | ieee ahaa amuse amnaucel maecera eskemee 46 18 TG! aserscteis
ABO siccevaxinerasiens |; —9,°—5 15 34 56 60 68 65 56 43 17 21 35
ABUB sere Seetamie 8 5 12 40 5d 62 70 68 54 41 20 6 37
TRAE 2 nen acacsisicie 5 | 27 19 40 57 59 71 69 60 43 30 29 42
TNUS cee eescemes 18 | 26 40 47 50 66 73 71 54 40 37 15 45
IKT! cose sess ceee ' 9] ‘6| 24] 46| se] e5| | e7| sel 49! o9| —2 40
TRAD) cdaeacnnees se bi 1b 19 36 59 63 68 66 55 42 20 4 38
IBSE cect ticeenoncis = 2) 10 24 37 60 66 72 70 53 40 25 26 40
1882: 22s ezeacces 12 22 22 40 52 63 67 71 60 45 27 12 41
DEBS) arateras scene spacers —3 8 21 41. 50 65 67 66 56 40 26 14 38
TRE syncs, deisel 4 0 20 39 55 69 64 66 56 46 29 5 38
Troy wns Bales 0 4 26 43 54 62 69 62 57 43 31 23 40
TSRG: cx ee cgex eee —4 16 24 45 59 65 75 70 bE 47 25 4 40
PART cosas aes aaa asi} oo 4 25 43 59 68 70 65 58 41 28 9 38
TRO a2o.3 cee oe. cie —5 11 13 42 49 63 70 65 59 43, 29 23 39
SSO ooo cca ete ees 15 11 36 49; 52 65 69 70 56 47 26 16 43
TROO semaine onde — 2 4 21 47 51 67 71 67 56 46 37 25 41
189 occas icenins 24 6 16 47 54 60 65 66 62 46 23 20 41
Means .... 5 | 10 | 22 42 55 65 69 67 57 44 26 15 40
FORT BUFORD, N. DAK
iaedscierays| beeline a [mime | maiciaicia] iats age dl Seiassicisrall heatel nats [erate 56 #5 i enieiech | D6 thceseoss
9 9 3 44 52 65: hs aisisrase 74 60 46 31 MO ecccienan
0 11 34 45 61 71 76 67 49 42 27 16 42
16 18 21 42 58 64 69 68 55 38 26 19 41
7 15 14 50 60 72 73 62 60 39 33 10 41
6 10 27 39 63 68 73 67 57 42 14 2 39
8 15 22 38 51 66 70 68 53 42 17 2 38
2 7 25 37 48 66 67 67 46 37 2R 6 36
3 7 27 38 59 67 76 68 58 47 16 16 39
—10; —3 16 35 58 62 72 68 56 44 16 23 36
6 4 13 42 57 61 72 67 5d 41 22 10 37
8 29 21 40 53 58 70 68 63 49 38 28 44
21, 29 38 46 49 G6: |. sccc.s 76 50 37 33 DEW opie evecare
15 5 23 47 | - 54 63 68 66 55 45 28) — 38 39
13 14 18 36 54 61 66 63 53 41 19 L 37
-—2 11 27 40 57 64 70 68 51 39 28 24 39
13 21 23 40 52 62 66 7 58 44 2s 14 41
—4 5 22 41 50 65 66 65 54 39 22 10 36
6 0 20 39 56 70 64 66 52 44 29 2 37
0 5 29 44 54 62 68 62 56 43, Be 24 40
—4 17 26 44 57 66 76 69 53 45, 25 8 40
—4| —5 27 43 58 66 68 64 58 40 27 9 38
—6 12 13 41 50 63 69 64 59 44 28 22 38
12 15 38 51 53 66 70 69 54 47 24 15 43
—4 0 23 45) 52 66 72 67 56 45 36 26
22 10 19 48 55 60 67 65 59 41 23 20 41
5 “10 22 42 55 65 70 67 55 43 26 13 39
CARRINGTON, N. DAK
VB8D» foe ie tae chesl ieee felonies’ 35 48 52 65 67 68
ABO: se ciectics shan) acini ipl eee all bascen|sammeeiete aeicwesl accion s lamewaany 463

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8, Ex, 157——13
98 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

CHURCHS FERRY, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
1R91 io sccdetwnenee | wwisteait | yadeete.| bases emseeee| emeees j62 | 62 | 61 a sebawalc | Lveinisets | wideseca dios
DAVENPORT, N. DAK.
De scat coee ees scl ce Solace! ee: ee ee | re 4o| 98| 20|......--
BBD sessicin cca agit 11 3 33 47 55 65 - 70 70 55 44 26 20 42
LB QO! soicie's teteca Sees 1 6 20 47 51 70 72 64 55 Se lh cca oe wed: wi heteioncte ectocel cae > arenes
BON css nae Sees ltsceceretial Sree exe lina eceiecallemerreune 58 64 66 OG? aerials 2 Netclonatyce acuate cetet beeesSemevell casos
Means ... 6 4 26 46 54 66 70 66 55 43 27 20 40
DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK
N,

TSBs ocoewesicens e—1| —4 b15 NSS | sacwoed cows col sem Gcus [paws ears] omeoueroemecicts| Setetsan lea seers] atsecowes

DICKINSON, N. DAK
TS) scccicce cecal oscecies| cece nelecwees.s leo enses|seccess|asescumi| eeceeu pecs ania] eeeciend leases 23 2D. | wmee eee

ELLENDALE, N. DAK
1890 cowis cawe cine Stoney s|\seexeciel setae sles macs) siemens poeta ema se mmeiee £i[ atest llaisrese or al| ke eietie D5 | sareieceeiwin
ROL ax5G ceaanee 23 °8 18 51 61 67 70 69 69 47 25 21 44

FARGO, N. DAK
TOON lala cereal seit etal cided eeuinisusell wniceaeal Gamean. § | | Br) 46) 9) eA eceue
ASOR cies Sez cdeicec)l Siete See cicallescensc peas emcee : 62 k63 65 62 45 20 F208 Iles
Means ....|...---- Itai Saale elses | eae Leta cas 70 71 60 45 21 TO capes
|

GALLATIN, N. DAK.
18a Sangeet G8 | sisecue BA) dt cosas: OE Voticags’ soi 44] 26] a9 |...
1889 ...........- 5| —3 28 45 48 66 64 69 48 38 a 43 37
PSO cxsnaccawe wees — 6] —38 18 42 46 65 66 65 55 40 29 16 36
Means ....| —0.5 4 20 41 45 66 66 67 53 41 26 17 37

+

GRAFTON, N. DAK.

1891 .....2.. wea-| E11 SP hen osraions| leaeieeigs S52 59 62 63 58 42 18 Ss :illaweretsee
GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.

TBST cea tee mec clones Sioyeistra\lye-n ereteiapell aibjaateintle |icierete seca GT | swatolers| osmcndr Seco nas| asec’ he oes sAleciokee llc eee
T8388 cxacexes techs. seen essereeleesses pene csi lees ceed) secs eme eects 69 OT lacctees cles eccrofsumpes cleeawany
1889 xcee cies exe 10 ON ener arin I cee Ne a aaa ll cata a eye Seotc tt es cgi Satitvez | Oraceteciceall weiesiamie UR & feast
1890 wise caeis ceealesenses| cesses + |e eemers 43 47 68 TEL | Sa ated rescore cea 43 30 LO: | cre cedoraiers
TOOL: vcles wary ces 14 2) | awew sare] awe seats atone wise. 64 |... 2.0. 65 n62 |......- 19 1D. Gosaceseis
Means .. 12 A | resiarasiel a termisiectell eaeeetersiane 66 |...... 67 GO jssesa50 24 1G) wnierees

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

GRAND RAPIDS, N. DAK.

99

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
1891 ....---.--.-|------- | sSoceesesceshs | Ls cicvara ta | penesaees | secs 68 69 64 | 44 | 20 | 16 | aca tine
HOPE, N. DAK.
E891: sure musecee anon searelleiedesk 4] seigice*ricemieein sieeeea 61 62 63 59 44} f22 | waiebreste|sseeceice
KELSO, N. DAK.
1890 cise ostrs Sutera eee S| awre ame llleieesizis. Geieretcse ail eeatareis Seal | saree alae 69 62 5A 44 33 19 | eeacnes
TSO). sc ceredecee See 15 a 18 46 54 61 64 65 61 45 20 18 39
MGW chiles onnnels dcwaws leuweser eaewanelemenees eaemeer 66 64 58 44 26 481.6 eset
> LAKOTA, N. DAK.
1891: sncee cs tenses! paseseslliscewaie's ziardats' ellndersiels si froeicieressvs 61 60 MS tv asiwna = 44 18 Le A onekwnte
-
LEECH FARM, N. DAK.
44 50 66 70 64 oT 40 28 OP cceuae
47 5S 65 70 70 55 44 26 20 41
Means o.2:.] nee cfesescen|s cee eas 46 52 66 70 67 56 42 27 BD cist wecueny
MINOT, N. DAK.
1989) ios cc dasaed|eeeeume loc cases] oxecitchel sesso s|eenceesleees Pras |aeukes (arnceaee|evewedel uebnne’ i17 20 | reieieens
f
NAPOLEON, N. DAK.
- {
BRD 2 scree te. c:3 Sareea miuietsliveisa SEI ae wjceale| Neletewiee| Mowee.s,s 65 68 71 54 44 26 | BL scewee bn
WROO! wescics apiece —1 3 20 OD Tigaudya 66 7 64 56 44 32 D9 lisse shiseers
TE0L wacacucaceas! 20 4 14 44 54 60 64 65 61 43 20 15 | 39
Means ....| 10 4 WW} 44 [ees 64 68 67 57 44 26 197s.
: |
NEW ENGLAND CITY, N. DAK.
weer eve smeward slleeeeie 73 64 54 38 26 18 oe swiss
AT 50 64 67 TL. 54 a8 26 16 41
45 49 63 69 65 55 41 36 21 39
Sessa) aiecidse ake wnat skeen Ot ace aes aed a ane eta ed eee
46 50 64 70 67 54 39 29 18 40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

100 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.
a
Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued,

PEMBINA, N. DAK.

Year Jan Feb Mar. | Apr. | May. |,June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.

eres leva! ccratctate elf oer 64 53 39 14] —4]........

50 64 68 65 54 44 18; —6 34

52 66 64 64 46 36 16 7 ao

55 64 70 67 56 43 14 6 35

53 60 65 63 53 38 11 8 30

54 61 68 64 52 37 16| —6 32

57 56 68 64 55 40 26 27 37

48 63 69 65 51 36 31 9 41

52 63 67 63 50 45 21, —14 33

56 63 68 63 52 39 14 0 oo

59 64 70 67 51 35 14 13 35

51 62 65 69 DG: les cx eau leaeead| lets sleet air aineiatere

46 62 62 62 52 36. 17 DL  sntacsaiaius

AO: | dceyereresd || erate errs ctcecereye. sl epembatarenalllergisiniaiees 224 SD te cave sis s

51 61 65 60 54 39 26 10 35

55 63 70 66 BL 45 19} —1 35

57 62 86 60 54 36 20 3 34

nicteuedore torainreia ee GO lens meas 54 41 26 Tel ec cerseeaie

51 64 66 67 53 42 26 12 38

45 68 69 63 54 44 32 17 36

61 67 70 69 69 47 25 21 44

Means ....| — 3 2 14 37 53 63 68 64 54 & 40 20 6 35

POWER, N. DAK.
1890 gcse seme ahve wc comciers, Sain eee Iekstonee sl eeeeears 67 68 “e68 64 46 22 LOG | oesiersaves
FORT RANSOM, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

parece 0 21 37 55 65 64 64 55 46 30 Bf ewe mene
0 10 26 40 48 60 68 62 57 49 32 24 40
—7 16 25 BA. | os cccaes 69 7 TO) | see cio 45 25 T | aniweca we
— 8 bevswees OAs ewizea 57 BO? |awaaiere.< 64 |..222.. | 41 28 9 ee
4 12 lintel sacl sre ieiaiee 47 63 MO: Masdcvesatneall iaiaieyapSila-c escisies di cua escvonal rararerarara,| eet aeavestem

— 3 10 24 40 52 61 70 65 56 45 29 11 38

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 101

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Coutinued.
s

ST. JOHNS, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.
1891 2.2.2. eee Bucsnen corel feast accns Weezer |heosece aascan. | nos| 41} 38} w/e.
ST. TITOMAS, N. DAK
ATG A shaper ut hehe Aeneas cf roe ene ak SLOT lhe | eat 62 2 | 57 42 18 14 | acted
SANBORN, N. DAK .
TSG aeesterteddGL al aee SL iA Cae Ac Rete tane dices sata dee Net LS eA Taal eral Ae | Ase
FORT SEWARD, N. DAK.
0 5 19 37 52 70 67 68 49 36 Dd 11 36
5 7 15 36 60 67 73 68 58 44. 18 16 39
i128 13 35 57| n56| 968 66 5d 40 15 25 34
5 1 10 39 57 64 val 68 55 | 40 18 2 36
2 25 15 | «39 57 59 71 69| 763 |.......[....-..[-022.- [eee
0.2 6 14 37 57 63 70 68 56 40 19 | 14 | 37
SHEYENNE (SECOND CROSSING), N. DAK.
1872 202.2222 --e- coo | a gea ae ea |e dl seats 66 BS) Mas oe le hes |e eo
SPIRITWOOD, N. DAK.
ARB ore we strces |eeeeee. 6 19 DOH) S60! | ale ache ae kee NA ba ye tleeacadl aca laes ae
STEELE, N. DAK. ~
Al ae Ase 47 52 65| °70 72 58 48 26 U7 |eaeetbese
3 2 19 47 50 67 72 67 57 46 35 22 40
19 5 16 47 53 61] _ 66 66 63 16 etoile cas Nee aaen.
8 4 18 47 52 64 | 69 | 68 58 | 47 | 30 20 40
FORT STEVENSON, N. DAK.
sched cies a Tees seats ee eel le qT 63 48 28 Fe ieee tee
2 12 31 42 59 69 78 69 48 42 28 13 41
4 13 14 47 62 70 72 64 60 40 35 14 41
4 15 24 40 63 68 76 68 57 42 1] —2 39
8 13 17 38 5d 68 69 69 56 46 19 0 38
1 8 22 37 BI 67 67 69 49 37 29 7 37
5 6 17 36 59 67 15 68 56 45 M7 15 39
AN) 27 15 32 55 60 68 65 55 42 16 19 34
6 3 13 40 55 61 70 66 53 41 20 6 36
6 24 16 38 Ba |... i68 66 58 41 27 OA cides
13 27 38 47 50 67 FON sscccae 52 39 35 12 |... _..
14 3 20 46 56 65 71 68 56 42 %| —8 38
We seata 10 16 37 60 64 71 67 55 40 V0) ==0 | deca:
a 6 23 36 62 66 7A TW 52 39 23 29 39
8 18 20 40 58 65 68 72 59 44 28 10 40
5 4 19 3) argc ns acco lud asaecnals semana dame ncn lLade ce all eGuns Ullemeeseu all ide -
Means .... 4 10 20 40 57 66 71 68 5B 42 24 9 39

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
102

”

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

° TOBACCO GARDEN, N. DAK.
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec, | Annual.
ASS icc att bisttysleearean'? 17| i21 | %37 5L | ¢62| c64 70 | 658 43 25 t@ Jo eee aes
LSBs coos segs cee ehapegs fe A ce lee taster poe ne BO AT lenseve xl eddecel steel ddsasenl emia Soot shee eeees
Means: cil eesscoallnnteseldectes aluee coins 50 Bb istecicits [err ara) enchtisall ocealcral aceeaae antes a eceiiceisin
FORT TOTTEN, N. DAK.
ASGO sea seit cnt sa lat ote ee Cia aie) lat Cul os Na) Sate les and 65 5D 36 21 19: | eevee
1870 q 14 46 59 68 70 67 62 41 35 12 40
1871 5 1y 36 62 |, 65 69 71 56 42 15) —: 36
1872 10 12 34 51 65 68 66 54 45 17; —8 35
1873 5 16 34 50 66 66 66 48.| 37 21 8 34
1874 5 12 31 58 65 val 65 57 45 15 10 36
1875 —10 11 32 54 60 68 65 5B 40 13 13 82
1876 1 9 37 5B 62 70 66 54 39 17 0 34
1877 22 12 37 57 56 69 68 61 42 26 28 40
1878 25 38 46 48 66 72 U1 56 41 8 11 44
1879 —1 20 45 B4 65 71 67 5B 48 23) —8 37
1880 6 12 33 59 64 68 64 5d 41 15 Tel eh acn
1881 6 21 35 60 64 2 70 5B 36 18 19 37
1882 13 15 36 Bl 64 66 72 61 44 25 6 38
1883 1 12 36 50 65 67 66 56 40 21 7 34
1884 5 13 36 56 70 63 65 54 43 25 2 36
1885 3 18 40 51 60 65 60 54 40 26 14 35
1886 7 18 41 54 62 70 67 51 46 20 0 36
1887 —6 19 38 57 66 66 62 BD 37] 24 3 34
1888 3 8 35 47 61 67 63 56 42 26 19 35
1889 1 36 46 53 66 68 69 56 45 25 10 41
1890 —% 14 42 47 67 TL | ~~ 64 55 45 36:1 GY |esseceus
Means ....| — 2 5 17 38 5d 64. 68 | 66 55 42 23 8 36
VALLEY CITY, N. DAK.
TBOT seceretscracysincoe | Caaerctal eeeut ee nee ceis| tee oe Sore een Mike Eee aliaeesce pense 60 43 21 16 |... 2...
WAHPETON, N. DAK. :
brake atte eel ase hs 70 10 58 45 27 DD eaten
52 Bd 72 74 68 60 47 35 22 43
50 54 67] 64 66 67 49 22 21 42
Means ....| 10 8 20 51 54 70 69 68 62 47 28 22 42
WILD RICE, N. DAK.
{S00 dvieceenicioen| ie: cas |Madeeys| eames seamacdl Seeeiee 68 71 62 Bl 42 28 15 eoe Ns
TBO tos eccereey 12 1 12 45 56 63 65 63 59 41 18 47 38
WN POANG: ci2ieca| seal Seem ta es Beoethada | sete Sacaasetmee ee 66 68 62 55 42 23 16 | sccsesns
WILLOW CITY, N. DAK.
TBO chee i hr earse | eae esate al cence entree oe Rate petipeeseae a catered locos 57 42 WoW

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

t Station discontinued.
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in North Dakota—Continued.

WOODBRIDGE, N. DAK.

103

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, | Jan Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. . June. July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dee. |Aunual,
|
| pea |
ME) isc hana ested neearalraeda sess | ieee Weheeats Ls earn ee | 43 | 15 | Beas
‘ | | |
FORT YATES, N. DAK.
18822 o:c ndeiaicince's 12 23 26 | 43 55 68 72 72 62 45 28 15 43
1883 ....-.------ 1 10 2 44 52 72 75 72 63 42 30 18 42
ISR cose cee ved 4 0 220 87 59 72 69 w 60 50 30 10 40
1885 ..--.. 22-2. 7 4 31 44 58 66 TS 66 65 47 33 25 43
| fete eee —2 20 28 ds G2 67 78 G2 59 50 29 7 43
TEST seskewess eo —2 0 a0 47 60 70 74 Us Hil 42 32 11 41
WBBR oe eect ears —5 15 1] 47 DL 66 73 68 62 46 29 26 41
re la 14 33, 49 5b 68 Te 74 39 50 30 2 46
1890 .......22--- 4 10 26 50 5B 69 74 6s 59 48 38 26 44
TSO ee eee sess 26 10 | 21 | 50 58 63 68 70 65 48 26 21 44
Means ee 6 | 26 | 46 57 | 69 73 70 62 47 30 18 43
Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota.
ABERDEEN, 8. DAK.
|
1890) cen Seconcig|ssetenosssess 23 41 52 67} g73 | 67 55 43 | 31 23 | lassie’ inlgers
1891 scious aeeess 21 4 15 46 | 56 63 Go 67 n59 46 | 22 19 | 40
Mente ..2.|ececc laces 19 | Hb BA | 6 | 70; 67/ 57]; 44| 26] 21 | cera
|
Means....| 10 10 | 26 46) BL 67 71 69 64 49 32 22 43
| .
ARMOUR, S. DAK.
DBE fsa arash als tals is gietateale Sete eats lease eiskets | diggs f60! 268 e72 ML, (| casxceteioas seer | Aes eenn|iteee (seen
I
FORT BENNETT, 8S. DAK
Sid Sel essisie etic case ben [seh oe tease vctne bine: 46 23 TD sce eee
30 64 69 74 74 57 44 30 31 44
45 ob 66 69 73 63 48 31 20 46
46 Al 66 70 70 59 43 30 20 42
2 DT T2 oo 70 62 51 32 9 42
47 56 65 74 66 60 45 S40) sete cM
53 56 9 72 73 59 50 24. 25 46
53 57 71 77 72 62 50 38 27 46
a) 58 67 72 73 69 DO! editor zara sculls als cars
Means...) 12 15 30 47 BT 68 | 72 | 71 | 61 47 30 20 44
BRITTON, §.. DAK.
® oi :
GOT wsecan sates cues: | plead ene. (iexadl atnidlnasiee | eas | ahha | oe! 4a¢| 22] wl...
| |

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

104 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.
Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.
BROOKINGS, 8. DAK.
Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual
TSB8 sowie reared |apmterecrnee koemmsewrsl kis emia |e misre| eee || pees 70 62 57 43 30 DA. Il iseesresteterare
DESO ce einiemioserrny 14 10 33 48 54 64 70 70 56 44 25 26 43
1890 rarastere ie 5 14 20 48 52 67 71 65 58 44 29 21 41
NS OT) creamer S| 8 21 7 18 44 56 64 65 66 65 45 24 25 42
Means....| 18 | 10, 24 | 47| 54| 65] 69] 66] 59/ 44] 27| 24 49
CANTON, 8. DAK.
1889) oo cerateieleiete sien aersers sl aetna sree (bee meen|seemees eester:-|aeeeees 73 60 49 32 OL: |ceezeue
1890 ..---. 22-2. 14 21 25 51 56 71 15 68 61 49 36 28 46
1891 2.22. .222-. 25 10 23 49 | 58 BT AI casei ecete | petiereas llcteee eal aetetera sa icrate Car als ooetel ene
Means .... 20 16 24 50 57 69 paca 70 60 49 34 0: laeecnumae
CASTLEWOOD, 8. DAK.
I ch dep ccna tee Na eke liadatchedo eal chase lus oe call eee kl aa 66; 64}; 44/ 20] 22]........ ‘
CLARK, 8. DAK. °
A889. otatain ice teyciate din rector loedisnisa: siemens Saeanets este) Reuacen 69 70 55 46 28 2G. |secseses
N890) accccgintaigiewe sn 4 12 23 52 54 67 71 66 57 45 33 23 42
ASOD: ssisisirasa toraiaraicis 22 6 20 48 57 64 69 70 67 48 22 24 43
Means 13 9 22 50 56 66 70 69 60 45 28 24 43
CROSS, S. DAK.
1890 sdisenermciteelemmecan|s nama 29 41 52 (7 ee S67 POR pee AV OD) Hl eraiahezieca| etewicraiass
1891 ncdossoneie| wesewee 18 BOT We ccostciece 53 59 S64 63 62 48 33 BO: llescriaieniarens
 MGSIS: 5 5-)5)} <eiseine aifieetiesa: DB ccmcekh 52 60 |..---.- 65 60) |conees Ae aoaged leminoie es
DAKOTA CITY, 8S. DAK.

DBS cesses: ave ccseaiel| <rstamie tal [ai emaerdl lesen eas emia DIOL | oie ciareiccel| ora oie aie | veeceitc al ata raorassl tevaeiara ne) feutavSrcecral lenctweoinioe [areal care

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AD? | aver
54 61
52 59
54 64
47 58
43 58

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 105

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

DEADWOOD, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sent Oct. | Nov | Dec. |Annual.
1884 ........-2.- 21 15 28 36 49 63 62 61 53 50 36 | 12 40
SSB ge ekisiys ces 19 22 33 41 49 57 66 60 5D 45 41 33 43
1886 ..0. 2222 2--e 15 31 30 41 55 60 71 67 5d 48 29 25 44
ASST. geen ens 20 15 36 41 Bd 64 66 61 57 4L} 35 23 43
Means....| 21 23 32 40 50 | 60 65 65 | 54 44 | 33 | 23 42
DE SMET, 8S. DAK.
4 32 47 5B 66 69 70 43 42 23 D3 haeawa
10|> 21 46 51 69 71 65 57 42 30 21 40
6 20 47° 56 63 67| 67 64 43 22; 2 42
7| om] 47 | BA | 66| 69! 67] . 55 | 42 | DF 22 41
EGELAND, 8S. DAK.
1G9L fp oas eesscicten'| Sax cise] wooo eer (Poanees 60 6h eaiGe seal hicdee Es secactaasweue | FAI sE Hawes Met
| |
ELKTON, S. DAK
TSO wove ccd Sache 17 8 90. |seesine| pox eres 63 65 65 64 45 23 D3. Leeune
FLANDREAU, S. DAK.
4
1800 eisai Jat batten icc ol eee at ee oecee 69 72 65 59 47 93 |icoee es anaes
ASOD cisccewosen = 21 9 20 48 56 64 66 68 66 47 24 26: 43
: \
Means ....|....... | saulende | [ee pene cece Naat 66 69 | 66 | 62) 47 | 28 |... reat
| : |
FORESTBURG, S. DAK.*
1891 ..... Sued patie | auricle s|Misie ate hel teclelwiel eeieieees 57 64 67 68 65 48} 27 27 Cotten
FOREST CITY, S. DAK.
DDL se sacaisiguinsiny beeaya] ieee | siebdeel andes -|axeoaacleiseease i79 16 70 51 BO Tae ee
FRANKFORT, S. DAK
1891 36a sree eae c sel Aad esuistoal paaisatt et seel Mereeeh Geo ewe 64 48 23 D3 We caceceis
GARDEN CITY, S. DAK
Means .... 4 10 20| 43 50 |.-.2... | Gaited arrose ale 41 29 29 |
fone

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* Temperatures not reliable.

8. Ex. 157-14.
106 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

GARY, 8. DAK.

 

oon, ? | Tan Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. ne July. | Aug. | Sent Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

|
1891 .....2.-2--- | Lees oe on ee eee 60 | | 48 24 24 |e eee eee

 

GODDARD, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Means ....|

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a

13 16 36 51 62 70 72 74 62 57 32 4 46

24 25 26 46 66 70 76 73 61 46 22 10 45

1 12 21 : 41 66 72 76 76 59 47 30 29 44

20 27 33 47 55 69 71 75 66 50 32 19 |- 47

4 12 28 46 52 68 70 70 60 43 32 20 42

12 7 28 MS MMT leecessised |seiasacatnam | mma sae Wsmmanes| aeiemcel eased) doles ceric

Means .... 12 16 28 46 60 70 73 74 61 49 30 16 45

HENRY, S. DAK.
TSBBo sce ee Pret esa | ben ass x lead acer ol lara 50 24 Bil eoze ccs
SST cn cieeciaictnent | 0 2 28 45 61 68 70 64 OD ste ric ieresenays al alatemsiateyel| of ested rs
I
HIGHMORE, 8. DAK.
TERT aoe ta aclein wal wan mmeus 3 30 47 61 69 e71 63 DS | eeeice salesmen! seca / Se
ASB) ois tice Shcie cic) are crmrelaee (eamicvae dl ars eiaiaes | ome ane KEE hewmen OD ereeicoes 8 ae cinre cll ecievernd ll aeametl leseieeca ote
18390) ao ose gaeciav uci BGs Sis agen Ime 23 50 55 69 7 69 60 48 36 DBI cccavins sie’
BL, ccc dss peraoia 25 10 19 Be see Sateen ater eit teen eee pee desea ne tenn alo Ae llc hey toee
Means ....'......- 6 24 47 58 69 U4 66 ON | stern sel leeoeecis aif dictescnane all ease erase
|
é
HOWARD, 8S. DAK.

1890 ..c cos eeey= Sea emcee latictsee deuce no Sere nee lemme acral aeaisieeaarell ound al 66 62 49 37 DA Nees sacar
1891 cncesccneces 22 9 PA sd eet 61 61 67 68 66 48 24 DE Neo deevar acer
Means: soc leoweratlemesseel seen ce cf iciecconbasmns sa smanenahadesee 4 : 67 64 48 30 Pe |

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

HURON, S. DAK.

107

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
Sitges |aincieaees 72 72 56 45 28 28 | easecens
52 65 66 70 60 49 31 17 44
50 65 69 67 56 44 31 18 41
56 69 67 66 60 50 31 9 41
55 66 72 64 59 43 30 24 42
60 . 65 74 70 59 51 27 8 42
62 70 72 66 60 42 30 10 41
50 66 74 67 59 45 33 24 41
55 66 7 72 57 47 28 26 44
5d. 69 74 68 60 47 35 24 43
56 64. 67 68 66 48 24 24. 43
Means .... 7 12 27 46 55 66 71 68 59 46 30 19 42
KIMBALL, S. DAK.
13 11 33 47 Hl 68 71 70 56 44 24 26 43
+ 13 24 48 D4 71 74 67 58 43 30 22 42
2D 6 18 16 57 65 69 67 66 50 28 28 44
Means .... 13 10 25 47 -5BD 68 71 68 60 46 27 25 43
LEAD CITY, 8S. DAK.
B18 scceais.ccieicine |oesieied | aetcin te laos atalieide-ois'a | ea eaiett 58 67 66 49 AO Sece's| netea sid weed ace
LONG CREEK, S. DAK.
1888 .... 200 ----fe-- eee =| eee ee [eee eee |eee eee b50| g64| g70 $65.) GOB. \ 25505 2)cseces. + lesen] acne pres
LOWER BRULE AGENCY, 8. DAK.
63 49 26 QB eee. cces
59 46 27 12 44
65 44 32 29 46
60 47 38 15 48
Means .. .. 16 27 29 48 59 67 77 74, 62 46 31 21 46
MAMMOTH SPRINGS, S. DAK
AGB9, cis n:cine olan tistics Genie | ace cee| sane sedate das [pecans -[ecmeedulasccans 63 49 40 BL. |esan sees
Ll er 25 10 22 ays ecieai| eed ere ciccicin)e acieien sl Seieteai aie Serdelniaie| Sieiditin st elemisien [adores | aescicogs
73 62 55 36 DT lessee str
71 60 48 20 US es oseas
73 54 44 34 36 46
72 54. 44 34 23 45
72 64 45 34 25 45
64 55 49 37 6 41
65 61 48 40 33 45
78 59 48 31 20 46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
¢

108 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

‘

FORT MEADE, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

= | \
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dee. | Annual.
17 16 37 46 60 68 7 65 61 43 34 22 45
14 28 DO a bi cot err e 69 |..2.... 66 59 45 24 84 | ccaeen
22 21 36 47 49 63 68 71 57 51 32 33 46
12 20 32 47 Hd 66 76 71 60 48 39 32 46
31 13 25 48 56 62 68 70 65 51 36 33 46
18 21 31 44. 5d 65 71 70 59' 48] 88 24 45
MILLBANK, 8. DAK.
1890 _......2--.- | Bette ea NEA a 40 47 69 71 65 64 48 38 | DG! vata
TROL so doen sok ke | -27 14 26 56 65 69 72 73 63 50 24) 2d 47
Means .. | tag deiiatd [Sateen 48 56 69 72 | 69 | 64 | 49 | 31 i ee
MITCHELL, 8. DAK.
1891 a2.tos eee | eae | fate ett tte aire ona ech ee 68 68 | 67 49 30 DBS coi
OELRICHS, S. DAK
5S levees 74 69 60 47 35 DOW caine,
58 63 69 71 64 46 31 27 45
Means ....).------ | oe 28 | 47 BG |..-...- 72 70 62 46 33 OB) is eds
71 63 46 30 BO caveats
74 60 47 37 13 48
72 61 53 31 q 46
72 60 44 21 W 45
16 59 47 30 29 43
72 63 51 31} [15] [46]
Means....| 16 22 32 46 60| 69 73 73 61 48 30 17 45
|
ONIDA, 8S. DAK.
1880) ove. 2 aeeeebclneacetesee es 34 45 48 65 71) a7 56 46 25 D4 ceo
1890 .....222---- 1 12 231, 46 Bll sce 74 66 58 dd B22 apace alle sam acne
1891 ....-..----- 23 6 19 45 54 63 64 66 62 4 22 19 41
Means a 12 9 25 45 51 G4 70 69 59 45 26 22 AL
PARKER, 8. DAK.
1891 .22caeecses: ; sdieadt | ere | segue | agese | seiatiee sechataloe | 68 69 GT |eccaaed 29 OO eee gs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 109

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

PARKSTON, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.
1827... eee cee ee 7 6 30 49 | 63 70 14, 70 63 45 33 14 [44]
Cr Seenaoenes CH 20; 23) 47/ 52] 68) 77) [66]) [56]) [42]] 32] 24 [42]
PROG). eens ax 16 14. 35 | [46] [Bij] 65 68 70 a) 44 a a [43]
1890 222-2222 eee 9 18 26 B01 BB 68 TI |.------|---- 22 -[-ee eee feeee eee] 80 f------ --
180 lb ctoca eas ws 13 24 48° 57 64 68 69 67 49 30 28 45
Meaus ....] 13 | 14 | 28 | 48 | 56 67 | 72 69 60 45 30 32 44
PIERRE, & DAK.
TRS Uiidcdceoa sete dieses se peed lawned omens |actetste ks : aes | rae 72 68 50 30 DOH tea
FORT PIERRE, 8, DAK.
|

37 BT BS) TGS: eke es Bld eel bil tet tei ha. nt |. eae

Lhd oitten pictoetet Siac. ne 69 64 48 BON oP eee cs

30 49 61 7 79 72 61 57 30 | 9 416

33 39 Br eee eee el | ansans|snsnen xfexcene aprenieansl ven enon

33 48 | 61 | 72 78 70 | 62 | 52 31 | 12 | 46

PLANKINTON, 8. DAK
ASOT Setaics asl teks asfesciaec| easel Sesh island | Ato 65 69 Bi cdetcteie Aa ance terete ed coal | Peers
| | |
ee FORT RANDALL, S. DAK.
| |

ener | eet Neh Se eee antag . Hide ell A NM keith eile Et | 81 Oe sh asaa ds

3 15 28 34 54 68 76 73 63 49 31 2x 44,

28 11 42 47 BD 14 78 | 73 64 46 30 20 47

23 21 34 40 62 71 x2 73 62 50 33 12 47

23 29 44 50 64 69 14 14 60 53 33 16 49

12 26 31 49 58 14 78 74 62 49 32 26 48

9 14 28 39 62 72 7 Td 64 Al 34 31 46

23 21 35 BL 65 70 Ts! 97 65 41 35 18 48

20 33 32 46 64 Wt sl 78 66 57 35 16 50

20 28 %). 45 GE late Son chen ek aged Gc| 3 cca Ger ceal hedeeceleceeene

Pe edie eee tof gaa tle Raed eeaprl co el hs cee Bea 58 52 37 BO ce,

16 17 9 46 5D 71 7 78 64 54 40 27 46

22 38 44 63 7 62) 73 57 40 |. 34 24. 47

29 26 33 46 61.68 13 72 61 42 33 27 48

19 29 25 51 67 15 gy 71 64 50 43 23 50

22 28 38| e¢48) [64] 76 16 74 66 BL 26 15 [49]

17 27 29 50 62 15 76 65 58 28 16 48

18 24 37 42 56 16 75 7 60 47 36 20 47

18 92 32 45 68 75 81 78 65 51 32 26 49

3 6 25 43 62 67 73 70 63 50 29 30 43

21 24 22 50 63 68 TH 1D 60 47 30 16 46

15 35 29 48 60 66 1 73 66 47 33 31 48

24 33 45 51 55 68 17 vis 62 49 40 18 50

18 17 38 53 64 TW 74 14 63 60 33 8 48

29 27 31 48 68 70 76 i} 63 48 23 4|./ 47

4 14 23 41 66 72 76 80 61 49 33 32 46

23 30 36 48 56 70 70 74 65 53 34 21 48

7 18 32 49 55 70 7B 72 60 46 36 25 45

14 8 30 46 61 73 73 71 65 54 36 12 45

9 14 35 50 60 69 76 68 64 48 37 29 47

8 26 30 50 651 70 80 76 64 55 32 17 48

10 23 34 51 65 76 Th 68 61 46 35 | - 15 47

6 23 28 51 | [54]) [71}} [79]] 70 61 47 35 28 [46]

20 19 42 55 61 1 75 70 60 51 31 35 49

13 1 30 51 55 71 80 72 65 54 40 31 49

28 12 25 50 59 66 69 | 68 68 53 32 30 47

Means....| 16 22 32 47 61 | 71 16 | 74 | 63 50 | 33 | 22 47

 

 

 

 
110

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

RAPID CITY, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

@ Year Jan Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual
Nethoas 35 46 69 67 4 74 59 46 34 88) ocean
33 37 40 51 63 10 B 63 50 32 26 47
16 35 42 48 Bilis Wee eke eae Seas all amarok Genel eecae sas
28 25 50 49 64 71 66 62 44 31 29 44
21 40 50 52 65 69 72 58 51 33 35 47
22 33 47 Bd 66 74 70 60 49 42 34 47
12 25 47 BB 63 68 69 64 50 35 32 46
22 33 46 53 64 71 m1/ 61 48 34 31 46
REDFIELD, 8. DAK.
(880) joes wnie | Jossculseonaloasees d46 BAe SHO: ecteea Lecce anaetes|eced ans ioeweelecceees Jovoeads
ROSCOE, 8. DAK.
1889) oes ee sah! passien passacaloeceecceat WEL | gOS) 69) 990) MOE) PAB) see Leese sancnnee
ST. LAWRENCE, S. DAK.
TOGO sete sot pa cect a) arian lencicteh gerd etetctastel SAS AS all aeG Se seceee-| §72| 58] m46|....... OF kee
4891 ....-..--.-.| 26 9 21 51 59 66 71 0 |oc ens |eoeces | 28 30 |... lee
MCan8) 00) -< 0020] eo ceces|ccescen)esscees eoseciecfeaweeasleoe ces WL) | eicreteicinie |Get e's) coeiciece||lsies Seats [maeencnees
a
SCRANTON, $8. DAK.
1889 -casnaaecs hsecaee| Weis Lowadenl seeeee | aaa anes [aaetaas ete dactacnd each oe oe DOI eecacl
1890.12... 2 eee. 4 10 27 50 Bb 70 17 Geo tease 45 33 5
4891 .....22. ee. 25 8 20 BT | sieeacainal saat loam Senet Strole gig gl a sgeet eer epamedan
Means....| 14 9 24 ds | eh | eins Ad eal ecenees bans alee 22 | occ craive
SIOUX FALLS, §. DAK.
A890 ace ccc cccen bse akee tececelh casket eetade |aaaG: 72 14 67 60 47 33 4. | eens
4891 022.2. e ee 28 9 22 AN |sasincleauawas 66 67 66 49 25 96 |...
Means ....| ..... | . “4 Bern cen Cae eeen lyenrere | Perea 70| 67 63 48; 29] 25]...
FORT SISSETON (FORMERLY FORT WADSWORTH), 8. DAK.
1866 iio scnieeea asset iecdaed snnaeed badd oee| daze |Leoei gs eaeeeee| ee emeee 56 46 34 Thlecce save
1867 ..-0 2.2. eeee a1 6 3 3s BL 66 73 72 60 49 OO ee Mee a
TROD dorticceower 14. 12 16 38 Bh 62 69 67 n6 36 23 15 39
ARTO! sicsscietamoees 3 11 15 Ad 59 68 69 63 62 43 35 17 41
1BULgscacs cee 6 14 23 41 62 66 70 68 57 43 17 1 39
1872). coses beens 7 12 13 39 5d. 66 7 68 56 48 18 1 38
167s cet ececes i) 7 20 35 Bl 10 69 69] 51 36 25 10 37
TSU cacnee iden 5 8 18 36 61 67 74 69 60 46 20 16 40
TR To xs cee Sh po esF 15 35 BT 60 70 66 57 42 19 19 35
ISTH we i eee: 9 5 13 40 57 62 7 67 53 AO oer sss beats
TB Ties seneeky 2 25 15 LOS | solic tesa aere eetece 69" | Scieserees Peg wanes | adctanelluseerevldeecanen
B18 1B reed cee TA it teas 39 45 50 64. TO eee Mates 40 |... 2.2. Bal cesar eas
B10 store nccechectens 6 4 25 47 a ee TOM Costes Bd Bd 96 |) rd cccmaua
1880 .o.. see ee ee 14 12 TB ee 60 65 69 66 56 42 16 Sle aacaess
ISS cicacacieseesell 2-3 [xeces| O18 33 61 65 72 70 53 40 22 8 ll eases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
-

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly and annual mean temporatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

FORT SISSETON (FORMERLY FORT WADSWORTH), 8. DAK.—Continued.

111

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual

9 19 20 39 51 63 65 70 59 46 26 9 40

—6 6 18 40 49 63 68 67 56 40 27 12 37

0; —3 7 38 56 70 65 65 57 46 27 3 37

—3 1 23 42 53 63 70 62 58 43 28 20 38

— 6 12 23 46 538 65 74 70 56 49 24 4 40

—6 1 25 43 60 68 69 62 57 39 28 6 38

—7 6 13 40 49 64]. 70 64 58 43 31 22 », 38

ad 5 33 AG) lcci NS an aeallaneys eed) sean ait acte thee oae's Sineeueeys oeeeOealumee ase

Means .... 3 8 19 40 55 65 70 67 57 43 25) . 10 38
SMITHVILLE, 8. DAK

78 175 80 62) j54 31 30) | accinecnie

cH | fT B72) || BBE) ecrciecacc saactceslaaseiate|oaeorecsces

LBs 5 hs 2 a, Zach /evay al fact lctaears aioe fecisesilsesags ce eseuel lace caasctaacdl eerie

Meuns --...|.-.---- 26 D2 | csiece =/Re arate 68 13 16 GA le siorstesnta | aatctatans sel aotersiaie.s [arciom eaeia
SPEARFISH, S. DAK.

24 23 39 50 55 69 70 74 57 51 33 34 48

15 22 33 48 54 68 76 72 60 48 44 35 48

32 13 25 47 56 62 68 70 63 49 35 32 46

Means -... 24 19 32 48 55 66 71 72 60 49 37 34 47
Ss. DAK

SPRING LAKE,

 

1888 ...
1889 ...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Means ....

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12 17 21 A teratetorsye ese |e ies hex raj |eiese(eicited le mame otis (amie aloud
pidciewia| Me since sat exigencies seco aeeeemel tow sa emesis DD: Nees nit.eie 34 Be ocd woe
24 20 29 41 58 65 73 73 60 42 29 22 45
13 25 20 49 62 74 80 71 67 50 44 30 49
19 24 34 48 68 76 80 7 67 52 25 14 49
17 25 28 44 58 70 74 72 62 52 24 12 45
10 15 32 42 54 74 74 76 57 42 385 15 44
16 20 28 44 63 70 79 76 65 51 26 27 47
0 4) 22 39 60 66 74 71 61 49 24 27 41
19 oe 1G |oscccas 62 68 6 D> 59 47 28 1D loan weress
14 33 24 45 59 64 75 73 65 45 32 29 46
22 31 44 50 53 68 77 74 60 48 39 17 49
15 16 36 52 61 71 75 72 61 56 32 3 46
23 24 28 44 64 69 75 72 62 46 21 8 45
2 13 22 40 65 70 i 75 58 45 29 30 45
23 27 30 44 54 73 73 78 67 53 31 20 48
8 17 31 37 53 68 72 71 63 47 34 21 44
12 6 27 44 60 74 71 7 64 56 36 9 44
7 12 36 51 60 68 76 69 63 49 35 26 46
2 24 29 47 62 68 76 16 61 52 30 9 45
3 2 34 56 64 71 75 68 63 46 33 14 44
2 18 20 50 52 67 75 69 62 47 34 26 44
17 15 38 52 55 68 72 74 60 50 28 28 47
2 15 29 51 56 70 17 72 61 50 39 28 46
28 9 22 49 57 65 72 73 68 49 28 27 46
13 18 28 46 59 69 15 73 62 49 31 20 45

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

112 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. -
Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.
: TYNDALL, 8. DAK.
Year Jan Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. sept | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. ‘Annual.
VSON, ccccen ects Soe eceeee | sRehalcferate:adea a larc'ai weal stotetore | Les eecolacacaws esau ee 70 68 | 50 39 29 Nace nics 3
VERMILLION, 8. DAK
1884 wsteeieeee ns f12 13 a32 45 a60 h68 |..-.--- U72 |ecwswes d55 36 9 34 |....-.--
1885 2.005255 sues 16 | mil 732 gol g62 |..-...- ATT 167 62 a48 39 O28 sainsicuies
1886 pretencsaoet ad 24| 528] 752 62| b68| 575) g73| e63| ¢57| e81| gi4 46
1390 saci cetceaine 11 22 26 50 56 71 15 67 58 46 34 26 45
1891 sss catsenl a. 24 12 cob wes edascey|eckweg alkinelelonc|sbeae salads oelewecenal| sumes ce leecmedial eaeansd| peaeeces
Means 12 16 30 50 60 69 76 70 61 52 35 26 46
WEBSTER, S. DAK.
Li bu8| 3a Sees lee aes ae] comes val 73 78 70 56 33 TB I siete sere
1 il 25 46 51 69 TT 3 63 45 33 14 42
2 0 19 38 58 V7 13 7 62 52 35 9 41
4 7 28 46 58 67 75 67 62 45 3L 23 43
0 18 29 50 63 69 17 72 59 51 23 1 43
13 1 29 45 61 69 72 64 |, 58 40 31 11 39
2 12 19 43 52 67 74 66 58 43 32 23 41
11 7 34 49 55 66 71 74 59 48 29 27 44
6 15 24 50 53 69 73 68 61 47 35 26 44
25 18 22 BO! |sec.crcicelleedeges 64 69 70 50 27 28. sickic tein
Means ..-.. 4 a) 25 46 56 69 73 70 62 48 31 18 43
WENTWORTH, 8S. DAK
1883) = scree ata S|uresemn Sods | sc eee one lec eraeeee lem eaa es ea ie ae a eareaaes C56) led cannclsscaetelwstons acca cnEo
MBSE ie hace aecscs (idee scaler oeten ie yeace 44 74} 66 GO, | Cale Sale cove eee egal sega eleaannl sasacce
TBO 2 gocemes sca loede quel se deves| eaewax dkecee. lessees dace tece loa eee e te ee deen nes 24 Doel dato
WESSINGTON SPRINGS, 8. DAK.
189. cas ieee loosesas| excsaes | sea wieiave | ements | sueapapaness | pteseus | 68 69 68 51 27 28: anc -aens
WICKLOW, 8. DAK
tity ¢
TERA fio ie tatee cha haha apt aa 8 all chee | at 173 76 63 47 28 20 |.......-
TERS onc ccs seecws 0 10: |asssnces ASS! lle sesercieyers be te orcad atic cole seme adware cst cad gee nace keces sclloacenuws
WOLSEY, 8. DAK.
L889) oes Sats sieisinie's 11 9 33 48 55 67 74 71 55 44 23 22 43
SOO cs cetes See 4 13 26 49 55 71 76 70 60 46 32 24 44
ISO: comiee ete 23 6 20 48 58 66 71 70 67 47 24 22 44
Means .... 13 9 26 48 56 68 74 70 61 46 26 23 43

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 113

Monthly and annual mean temperatures at stations in South Dakota—Continued.

'

WOONSOCKET, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

Year, Jan. Feb. Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.
VS8S: oes pore cca fagnen ene sentdndys, aye eeaaiacsicis 46 51 68 15 68 59 42 29 OD Aa dieiceionts
1389. scicaecdide 12 10 34 49 56 67 71 72 56 44 25 26 44
1890: 2s cred aiaveieiniee ~ 4 13 24. 49 54 69 74 68 59 4d 31 23 43
Means .... 8 12 29 48 5d 68 3 69 58 43 28 24 44

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

YANKTON, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

aeemees tee eaaaliee ene (eeetes 34 TES seesiene
74 4 59 52 33 16 50

sim iacsai spall [ore armisnevel nvaimesiess 50 32 OL, |seexsses
74 17 60 46 36 20) | eemecezex

78 73 61 49 30 23 47

70 68 60 47 26 28 43

3 72 59 45 27 12 44

3 70 64 47 32 32 47

1 73 60 48 39 16 48

1 73 60 59 35 12 47

1 73 62 46 24 15 47

15 7 60 49 32 33 45

69 72 64 53 35 19 47

72 71 59 46 385 24 44

71 69 64 54 34 12 45

73 66 62 47 35 27 45

76 73 62 55 31 14 45

74 69 62 47 35 17 45

76 71 63 49 36 29 45

73 73 61 50 82 34 48

76 70 62 50 39 31 47

70 [69] 68 52 30 31 46
Means .... 14 20 31 47 59 69 74 72 62 50 33 22 46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mean monthly and annual temperatures at two stations in Minnesota.

MOORHEAD, MINN.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ae 7| wi] 34| 60| 6] wm] 68! 53} 40] 20] 20 38
6| a7! 19) 39) st] 63} | 69] 58) 46] 26 6 39
—10 3| a! 39] 48] 62] 66] 63} 53) 40] 93 6 34
—4|—4| 15]; 39| 54] 69] 64] ot] 57) 44] 25 6 36
ai 3; 22/ 41| 53} #2) es] 60| 56] 41] 28) 45 37
7 8} | 46| 56} o63| ol] e67| 54] 48] 22 0 38
—9| —2} 2] «a! col es] 69] 63] 56] 38] 26 6 37
—9) —4] 1] 38] 4s] 6] 69} 63] 57] 43} 291 20 37
10 o} 33! 45/ 52} et) 67] 69) St] 44] 25] 20 40
= 5 5) 1] 45] 48] 68} 69) 63! 55] 45] 33] 149 39
14 3| wl 47| sa} 62) 63) 65] 62) 45] “20]/ 18 39
a 4 19) 41) 53 | 65 | 67} 65| 56; 43| 25 12 87
ST. VINCENT, MINN

eel MeN Lhasa Mb Sn NOs 8 Aly Manel Tall ck lnc r2/ 40] 16 2 |e...
6 a} a9 | ar 58} 62 | 69 66 | ot |) a7] te} 1a F836
0 7/ wl] 33) 48] 59] 6] 66] 55| 42] 24 5 34
13] ~—2 9| 34) 461 61| 62| 60] 51] 37] 18 1 30
—s|—s!} un] 36] 53/ 66] 61) «| 54] 42] 29 1 38
—10} —4) 15] 37) 51] 59} 63] 58} 53] 40] 28] 19 34
—u 5| | 44] 55] 62] 69) ct} 50; 46} 19] —1 35
—i3| —4] 16/ 38| 58] 65! 66] 61; 55| 35| 20 2 33
Si 0 s| 35| 46] 63] 66] o61| 55) 41) 25] 5 33

 

8, Ex. 15715
i

€

/
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

114
Mean monthly and annual mean temperatures at two stations in Minnesota—Continued.
ST. VINCENT, MINN.—Continued.

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept./ Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
1889 eccececees ox 7, —3 30 43 50 63 65 66 52 40 24 11 BT
1890. sccnsissesees —10| —3 12 41 45 69 69 60 51 42 28 19 35
VOL soecme teens 3 1) —3 12 44 51 61 61 62 58 43 19 13 36

Mean ..... —6;/; —1 15 38 51 63 65 62 53 40 22 8 34

Mean monthly and annual temperatures at three stations in Nebraska.
HAY SPRINGS, NEBR.

1886 «2c uwereies 10 29 28 41 59 64 15 69 58 47 26 20 44
TR87 .caeemasewcs 17 14 37 44 56 66 71 65 59 40 29 18 43
1888 ccccasoncwcs 9 28 25 48 49 67 71 65 60 44 30 28 44
1889 wesocrccctsisicralcns 21 19 37 47 52 64 70 70 55 47 28 32 45
TS90 as sig stat stensroicns 12 23 33 46 53 55 14 68 60 45 34 28 45
1891 .sscciciseices 25 11 22 46 55 € 60 66 68 61 46 31 27 43

Mean ..... 16 21 30 45 54 64 71 68 59 45 30 26 44

FORT ROBINSON, NEBR =

1883 sscskeetusav oss sees! eeceoes| socyege|emeeess|oaeece s he ssh 72 71 60 41 28 SL | aswwec =e
1884 ceewee ssee ne 23 18 32 42 57 72 74 70 63 54 38 12 46
1885. weeeewien ciate 19 23 37 47 56 66 74 71 63 49 41 34 48
VS86) oo cccesccceccre 16 34 33 47 6b 68 73 74 56 50 32 25 48
VS87 weiss sewn 21 18 41 49 61 72 71 63 63 45 34 24 47
1888) senceccec aes 17 32 28 53 52 [67] 73 65 61 48 37 35 [47]
VBBO x ccevco-snssinin 26 27 43 50 538 65 70 71 58 52 32 38 49
1890) cose ccceae 16 28 37 48 6 67 76 70 61 zal eaeereee OO: (Sac anade
SON joc wdiccteicnays 29 16 25 48 57 62 67 70 68 49 Me 2a ce a cillonSwubiiece

Mean ..... 21 24 34 48 57 67 | 73 70 61 49 36 29 47

VALENTINE, NEBR

ee nibwein:Sl leew gies amanas | acide dais Raeeee 2 | -eteigas| someens eed eee 60 46 37 29} Il eiaraverters
WEBG ose ons wera eve 7 27 27 44 61 65 76 72 60 52 30 19 45
TBST secnads chee 15 13 36 47 61 70 72 67 62 45 34 20 45
WSS cee ce ete 9 28 25 50 51 68 74 68 61 [43] 41 34 [45]
1B89) 2 chs dawics 25 25 44 52 55 66 72 73 58 50 32 36 49
1890. ......226%8% sexe 11 23 32 50 55 69 76 69 62 49 38 32 47
1SGL sscwee ez ezee 28 13 22 48 57 64 68 69 65 51 33 31 46

Mean ..... 16 22 31 48 57 67 73 70 61 48 35 29 48

. Mean monthly and annual temperatures at one station in Iowa.
; SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

IBD, iain d cebemelhemiemsce Satie palma cueses| (esis BAe Wdinddne «| scecregyal sees aeer 7 66 |......- 27 28, |ecrese one
VB98) ese eee etc ss 28 14 41 44 54 71 73 70 62 49 27 19 46
PSHO ws So Seeks wa) |eisinic-cigslen sane) -eaiineheeaee, [Semaine] -Rocuoe [ae cea mention deieebie anal cees| Spisterms [sewaiebes
ISG, 2208-8 Se aidec 9 19 28 47 55 70 70 71 60 47 31 22 44
1862} ose sie cece 7 17 33 38 59 68 73 69 62 49 32 28 44
1864"... 2-2. 2-,-- 22 19 Oo). | weeeasclode teat aeemadlamatmed| oneiecuel aawesas Seen hemes OO Al EL ae
L869! cscs ccee ice 15 28 31 45 OL | ciate diesel iactewiere| ase ein crtentllwicracainian sia eines acerca ata Sisfete eI end Salata
IST: 2 senvia saws *29 *39 *51 OO) | eSarcnce [e's Siete weal hevsinrararagel vdeegei lean raliehtaae = |eeme cxtal Gass d4 lop Gelomters
1889... csseccsslisese ss apa eacceliaetayep al Sorat sell S Secynye [ndcceene 76 73 61 50 33 SDV ewiemceeec
1800: 2 ceccsecces 14 23 28 52 58 72 76 69 62 50 40 32 48
1891 oct sess 28 13 25 53 59 58 69 70 68 50 30 31 47

Mean ..... 19 22 34 43 58 70 73 70 63 49 31 27 47

!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* Mean temperatures from one observation daily at noon.
Apprnpix No. 41.

Normal monthly and annual temperatures from the stations of longest record.

 

 
 
  

  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stations. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. |June.! July.| Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | Nov. | Dee. |Annnal.
NORTH DAKOTA. ,
Abercrombie, Fort -......--. {4 8 16 39 59 70 3 70 59 44 26 10 40
Abraham Lincoln, Fort..--... 4 8 21 41 56 66 TW 70 58 45 27 if 40
BismareK o<o22 9 seeace e205 5 10 22 42 BD 64 69 67 57 44 26 1 40
Buford, Fort .......-.-..-... 5 10 22 42 55 65 70 67 55 43 26 13 39
Davenport .......----..----- 6 4 26 46 54 66 70 66 5D 43 26 20 40
Gallatin .........-2.-...---- — 0.5 4 20 41 45 66 66 67 53 41 26 17 37
New England City ..-....--- 10 7 26 46 50 64 70 67 54 39 29 18 40
Pembina, Fort ..........--.- — 3 2 14 ag 53 63 68 64 54 40 20 6 35
Ransom, Fort ....--.....-.-. 6 10 17 42 59 67 70 66 5S 40 24 11 39
Ric6s Port: 24.2 sceieanesd eaeds 10 16 25 42 58 68 15 70 58 45 26 16 42
Richardton ....--. .......... —3 10 24 40 52 61 70 65 56 45 28 11 38
Seward, Fort......-..2...... 0. 2 6 14 36 57 63 70 68 56 40 A) 14 37
Stevenson, Fort...--...--.-. 4 10 20 40 57 66 van 68 55 42 24 9 2
Totten, Fort ........2-.2.... — 2 5 17 38 54 64 68 66 5D 42 23 8 36
Yates, Fort ........---..-.-- 6 il 26 46 57 69 | 73 70 62 47 30 18 43
Monag aloes. 3 s| 2a] 41| 55| 65/ 70| e7| 56] 43| 25| 18 39
SOUTH DAKOTA.
AJOXONOTIA os cesses cee enece 10 10 26 46 54 67 71 69 64 49 32 22 43
Bennett, Fort , - 12 15 30 47 57 68 72 71 61 47 30 20 44
Brookings ...... 13 10 24. 47 54 65 69 66 bo 44 27 24 49
Deadwood ....-...--....-... 21 23 32 40 50 60 65 65 54 44 33, 23 42
Hale, Fort ..-.........22---- 12 16 28 46 60 70 73 74 61 49 30 16 45
FUTON: sine esac adie cele oceee 7 12 27 46 55 66 71 68 59 46 30 19 42
IRUM DAT 3.5 ney Gesicests einen 2c 13 10 25 47 55 68 71 68 60 46 27 ay 43
Meade, Fort....-.....-...... 18 21 31 44 54} 65 71 70 59 48 33 24 45
Olivet, jetrccepesn cs xc 16 22 32 46 60 69 Te 73 61 46 30 17 45
Parkston...-.....-..2.-..--. 13 14 28 48 56 67 72 69 60 45 30 32 44
Randall, Fort .......-....22.. 16 22 32 47 61 ve 76 74 63 50 33 v2 47
Rapid City....-...-.2...2... 20 22 33 46 53 64 71 7L 61 48 34 31 46
Sisseton, Fort............... 3 8 19 40 55 65 70 67 57 43 25 10 38
Sully, Fort 13 18 28 46 59 69 15 72 62 49 31 29 45
Vermillion 12 16 8 50 60 69 76 70 61 52 35 26 46
Webster ..-.-......- 4 9 25 46 56 69 73 70 62 48 31 18 43
Woonsocket 8 12 29 48 54 68 B 69 58 43 28 ot 44
Yankton ..---. 22.22. -...022. 14 20 31), 47 59 69 74 72 62 50 33 22 46
Means ............-... 13 16 28 46 | 56 67 72 70 60 47 31 22 44
MINNESOTA.
Moorhead ..........-........ — 1 4 19 41 53 65 67 65 56 43 25 12 37
St. Vincent ..........2.. 2... —6 |—1 15 38 61 63 65 62 53 40 22 8 54
IOWA
Sioux City .......22.-222.22-. 19 22 34 48 58 70 13 70 63 49 31 27 47
NEBRASKA.
Hay Springs ................ 16 21 30 45 54 64 G1. 68 50 45 30 26 44
Robinson, Fort.............. 21 24 34 48 57 67 73 70 61 49 36 29 47
Valentine ..............2.... 16 22 31 48 57 67 73 70 61 48 35 29 46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

115
\

AppenpiIx No. 42.

Temperature normals (degrees Fahrenheit), Weather Bureau, 10 years, 1881 to 1890.

(Computed from the averages of the readings of self-registering maximum and minimum thermometers. ]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stations. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. | June. | July.| Aug. | Sept.! Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
~

NORTH DAKOTA.
Bigmarekiccsasencvepechtectenn |) 1 8 24 43 54 65 70 68 57 44 29 14 40
Buford, Fort ....-.---------- 0.2 8 25 44 54 65 70 68 56 44 28 13 40
Means .........--.---- 0.6 8 24 44 54 | 65 70 68 56 44 28 14 40

SOUTH DAKOTA.
Deadwood 14 23 33 46 54 66 val 68 60 50 36 27 46
HUNTON s..56 5s cececeae sees ” 12 29 47 55: 67 12 69 60 47 31 18 43
Sully, Fort 6 14 30 49 57 69 76 72 63 50 34 21 45
Yankton .s2.cceevescecuscaes ee 19 31 48 59 70 74 72 63 50 3 24 46
Means) 2siiceneeccaig' gets ig 17 31 48 56 68 73 70 62 49 34) 22 | 45

MINNESOTA.

Moorhead .....-.-.---.------ i— 3 4 20 41 53 65 67 62 54 42 25 1 37
St. Vincent .....-----.------ — 8 |—1 15 37 51 63 66 63 53 40 22 6 34
Appendix No. 43.

Temperature normals (degrees Fahrenheit), Hazen’s tables, 8 years, 1879 to 1886,

[Computed from synchronous observations, at 7 a. m., 3, and 1! p. m.]

Stations. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.|July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

NORTH DAKOTA,
BisiMarek, «00s ce2.ceeeee es 2 9 23 40 56 65 69 67 56 43 26 12 39
Buford, Fort ...-..--.-.----- 2 8 24 41 55 65 68 66 5A 42 26 12 39
MCAS: oe oinciscecena 2 8 24 40 56 65 68 66 55 42 26 12 39

SOUTH DAKOTA.
Deadwood .....-.-.. ---.---- 20 22 31 39 50 60 65 64 5A 44 32 24 42
Huron 4:2 sseeveeseveseersese 7 18 28 44 57 67 70 68 58 46 29 15 42
Sully; Potts sex sceceeussescee 8 15 29 45 59 68 73 68 57 46 30 18 43
Yankton! «04 ovsaeeenesese es: 13 18 30 46 60 69 73 val 62 50 33 20 45
Meals ...cesseeesencee 12 17 30 44 56 66 70 68 58 46 31 19 43

MINNESOTA,

Moorhead ..----------------- —1 5 19 39 55 65 68 65 55 42 24 8 37
St. Vincent .....-.-.---- —7 0 14 35 53 63 65 62 53 40 20 5 33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

116
Appenpix No. 44.

Temperature normals (degrees Fahrenheit), Weather Bureau, 9 years, 1881 to 1859.

[Computed from synchronous observations at 79, m. and 11 p. m., from 1881 to 1888, combined with 8 a. m, anil 8 p. m. observations for 1889;
reducing the former to the latter by applying corrections for diurnal variation.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
   

      

Stations. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
NORTH DAKOTA.
Bismarck .........-.-.------ —1 6 22 41 55 66 70 68 56 42 25 14 39
Buford, Fort ....--......---- —1 6 24 42 53 65 68 66 53 40 24 see] 38
MGAQG soae exew comunnere —i1 6 23 42 54 66 69 67 54 41 24 13 38
SOUTH DAKOTA. a
Deadwood ....-..--.-..----- 16 21 31 42 51 62 67 65 56 44 Fd 26 45
Huron ....-...-- 6 1 26 43 56 66 70 67 56 44 of 16 41
Sully, Fort... 6 14 28 46 56 68 73 70 58 44 23 18 AZ
Yankton ........-- 10 16 29 46 58 70 74 72 60 48 32 21 45
MCQDS) 206 bs oeeeiatcca ve 10 16 28 44 55 66 7 68 58 45 30; 20 43
MINNESOTA.

Moorhead .........-.--..---- — 4 2 19 40 54 65 68 65 54 41 23 10 36
St. Vincent os esis ssciecies —10 |— 2 14 35 52 64 66 62 50 38 20 6 33
Appenpix No. 45,

Monthly and annual mean temperatures from certain selected stations.

| Years

Stations. Jan. | Feb.| Mar.| Apr. |May.|JuneJuly.| Aug./Sept.| Oct. | Nov.) Dec.) Annual. of vec-

' ord,
Assinaboine, Fort, Mont .....---. 7| 14| 30) 44) 53) 63) 68} 66] 55] 438) 29) 19 41 9
Custer, Fort, Mont ...... 14] 21] 34) 46] 55] 65] 72} 70] 59] 47] 32] 23 44 9
Duluth, Minn.......-- 6] 12) 22| 38) 49| 58) 66] 64] 56] 45) 29] 17 38 9
Dubuque, Iowa -| 15 | 22] 82) 49) 61] 69} 74] 71] 63{ 51] 36] 24 47 9
Fetterman, Fort, Wyo ... -| 24] 28] 383) 43) 55) 67] 74] TO] 58] 45] 33] 24 46 13
Helena, Mont ....-....---- -| 15} 23} 84] 43] 50] 60] 67] 66) 57] 44] 30] 24 43 9
La Crosse, Wis. .-.--..---- -| 12} 19} 29} 47) 60) 69) 73) 70) 62] 50] 35! 23 46 9
Maginnis, Fort, Mont .... - 15] 20} 30] 41} 50] 59; 66] 64) 54] 43) 34] Bd 42 6
Poplar River, Mont ....... — 5 3| 24] 43) 55] 66) 69] 65] 56) 43) 26 8 39 5
St. Pail, Minn. .....-.-.. 8] 16] 27} 46] 59} 68] 72] 70) 60] 48] 31) 18 43 9
Washakie, Fort, Wyo..-...-.--.. 14] 22! 33) 43! 52) 63! 70) 691 57] 43) 26) 24 43 12
CANADIAN STATIONS.

Calgary a: s2ccesossececcces teecee 12| 14] 28] 38] 49] 56] 60] 58] 50/ 41] 29] 16 38 6
Edmonton .........--------- ai 2 7! 25) 40} 50) 56/] 60} 58] 49] 40] 24] 10 35 q
Medicine Hat ......-...----- -| 3] 10} 28) 44] 54) 62] 66] 64] 55] 44] 29] 16 40 7
Minnedosa......-----.-- lL }— 6} 12] 34] 48] 58] 62] 58] 49] 36] 20 2 30 7
Qu’Appelle ..... -—-8lI-— 2] 16) 387! 50} 60] 62! 61] 50] 38] 21 5 32 7
Swift Current ......-- — 2 8} 24; 42] 50] 60] 65] 63] 53] 42] 26} 12 37 5
WINDIPOR n:. osccnss went ac recesses H— 8-2] 12) 385] 52] 62] 66] 64) 52) 38] 18 3 83]. 17
Churchill, Fort ....-...-...------ —26 |—18 |—11 | 11] 25] 40] 56) 52] 40) 24 7 \—-13 16 3
York Factory ....-...------------ —22 }-17 |- 7 | 17] 35} 52] 62) 54] 42) 28 & +13 0 9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N7
Appenpix No. 46.

Mean annual temperatures, with annual and mean annual deviations, in degrees Fahrenheit.

(The mean annual deviation is obtained by dividing half the sum of the excesses and deficiencies, neglecting the algebraic signs, by the mean
annual temperature.)

 

Stations.

Mean
annual,

1857.

1858.

1859.

1860.

1861.

1862.

1863.

1864.

1865,

 

NORTIL DAKOTA,

Abercrombie, Fort..........-.
Abraham Lincoln, Fort .......
Bismarck? vesc6.0% cove cose tex
Buford, Fort: s.sic002eseerecexe
Pembina, Fort............----
Rice; Fortje.<.25.wexvereeesns:
Stevenson, Fort -.....-.-.----
Totten, Port .c.56:4 os 6 sieccecese
Fates, POrticcciewes covicn sees css

SOUTH DAKOTA.
Bennett, Fort

Deadwood.....
Tfale, Fort... --

  

Meade, Fort ..-.......-.---.--
Randall, Fort .........-..-.-.
Rapid City -sss.scsesseceveves
Sisceton, Port oc ones neue wemvies

MINNESOTA.

MOOTNCAO). «ccna sgersrevarciclevanticce
St. Vincent..(.....2.22.220-.-

NEBRASKA.
Hay Springs: 222: 0-ceesewseses
Robinson, Fort .......202 0-0.
Valentine ss0c000 seer suensues

Annual sums ...-........---.-

Aunual sums North Dakota...
Annual sums South Dakota...

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

118
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 119

Mean annual temperatures, with annual and mean annual deviations, ete—Continued.,

 

Stations. 1866. | 1867. | 1868. | 1869. | 1870. | 1871. 1872. | 1873. 1874. 1875.

 

NORTI DAKOTA.

Abercrombie, Fort...--..--.--
Abraham Lincoln, Fort ......- oo Sisnata-feniiers Lag
Bismarck .......--.-.-------- “Seine iiewne ewes goats ecillne abt stale [ake ce eee yes LoS, Sebediayat
Buford, Fort ...--- ziewmarsta | aleerceucce +3 +2 +2 -L0 —1.
Pembina, Fort... cranes aes Satistanials oe Sagieuwe —1
Rice, Fort ..---..------------- eaagatloisnteal| eager +1 +1 2
Stevenson, Fort : seme ae 42 |.-.--.--| +2 +0 —1
Totten, Fort.........-..------ 2 pee, sieges cesta iste abate’ ale cialis emacs | > SEE +0 —l1
Yates, FOrbis cic. ii sanwisesece = Bsa citer ey caeviosxell ewer we siel lwacemend loses as ewan aaae on eee [seer estate letesiee oti eeterciee

to} 40)... +3] 40}; 1} —2) 41
ge Alpert 48

 
     

|
iy
|
oLone
NwWwowew

SOUTH DAKOTA,

Bennett, Fort ....-..--------- eo lnchat She facae| ans rma sveeay a tenape cea See 2S Rea estan aubren eiavaae See sie ees eters) a
Deadwood ..-......--..------ Lara uae iat shaeaneie | oteccre sicatuemn ete tapes Soca

Hale, Fort ...-...-----.------ Louie = Hell ae asaRe Reece

Huron ...- . chiaes

 

 

Meade, Fort ..........-.-.---- eddie ellen netncidea fees oeeaa at fecte ois

Randall, POPE ccs serciten ne ees Sdyalenit Bie +
Rapid. City sess. sane Hh ce tata Nate te facet Cenc bai ata site ben eeare ett |
Sisseton, Fort .............-.- levis: RE: Brahe) atta
Sully, Fort ........-- Syn sicsemio® Pecan sshax esac tosis
Webster
Yankton

   

MINNSSOTA.

 

Moorhead 2 ccc. 45 sawiar veces fel Michael sco la ean ate bGidis| osthdideele alent [ale leew as fee seileecs
St. Vincent... .c06«saase avvenes Beguetae ableton ak bet ole coh ae MD ean cur A cimiecs sic. Li: en’ laine eas anes aso acled tl So eoete ake

NEBRASKA,

Hay Springs...--..---...--.-- i Uiavaians ied SISAL arora iabcatweron a laa.aaestiees sated
Robinson, Fort j

AIGHHING ena yeigtawssciees con Fata etoeeaes olehedine setinekce Goek iol Sacer setae eee cen need ateact

   

 

 

 

|
Annual sums ....-..----.----- iohennorees —l | +5. +5 +22 |
1

 

Annual sums North Dakota...|......-. 0 -b5 3 12 —l i —l1 6 —
Annual sums South Dakota...}........ —1 -LO to Tre +7 41 —2 S i. ah

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
120 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Mean annual temperatures, with annual and mean annual deviations, ete.—Continued,

 

Stations.

1876.

1877.

1878.

1879.

1880.

1881.

1882,

1883.

1884,

 

NORTH DAKOTA.

Abercrombie, Fort..........-.--------
Abraham Lincoln, Fort .......--------
BiSMAT CK cijnieanece weeccirdit ava nis aie einenae
Buford, Fort ........--.----

Pembina, Fort
WiC, FOR cccasactimasaeneisis-eucwmenrtcc

 

Stevenson, Fort .......--.------------ |

LOGON, WOT ts 25 .ccncyers ieee cicseeeeeinesiene
Mates, MOM cciccaccesncseeceracc ere

SOUTH DAKOTA,

Bennett; Portesccsesvewces cons nexices oe

Deadwood) asccus <eswawes ccedercisteisenres ese eee | Nemarstetenet

Hale; Ort aciccwecemeieieg, ee cists ennccencle Vishwa wis eonsraste

FAULODY cersrarssase, sia aie atas ve heist ecatuare ow satevste eA fatcig gui ebowstenceaeies |S

Keim ball cerassranatsiars oath leladave oad weer ecnspas erate tacts ioc i eases reel | emiaone cate
Meade; Hort: scccecckekcace canes accent eidainceelais Gr ave mieaaiavers |
Randall, Wort xcccnsdaccecacmeaseiains —1 +1
Rapids gy ao ihe antiicteo dawson os Bee

Sisseton, Fort ...--.-----.---.--------

Sully: Botts 323.3-ccaneweiesien weeee.ce is

SV OSE le pcwnn sone scwaweeBecicess eBaon
Van ktm. cceseccnscciiccke cake oateeie

MOOrnGoOul: scctesoaetyseldere tafe base sialon
St. Vincent

NEBRASKA,

Hay SPM GS. iss csetea ge dese ene bone seat

Robinson, Fort ....-...---.-.---------
Vel Ont: cs a.iseccie5 5.218 eden gush sided

AVMVGE SNINS . Wn. cance neem e ee tenn 49

Annual sums North Dakota.....----...
Annual sums South Dakotaieaceuesaeee

 

PIHI TTI
WwownMmwerts

+i 44444!
CONONF:

m

+5)

ei

+ 8

 

 

+H+++h! ++++
bob bo

whe Ho:

t
1
'
'
.
.

+
b>

I+
ow

 

.
’
.
’
.

0
4
2
i
—1
=
—1
—1

1

 

 

+25

+34

+2

+0

+23

 

 

7)
+3

 

 

+425
+9

 

+4

 

 

+1
—5

 

+6
+15

 

 

—9
—16

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 121

Mean annual temperatures, with annual and mean annual deviations, ete.—Continued.

 

 

   

 
 

 

 

 

Abso- | Mean

Stations. 1885. | 1886. | 1887. | 1888. | 1889. | 1890. | 1891. jluteva-| vari-

riation.| ation.

NORTH DAKOTA,
Per cent.
Abercrombie, Fort...-.....---.-- alstsheiavntaccclllaie sieticrec | aaeaew ahlanee suyseliudeees | Seteoudlatzaesecl) “EO 02
Abraham Lincoln, Fort ... +0 +0 a3 |escsccsall <b 2 HE isccce ss] 60.5 03
Bismarck @.< i.) ieee cee cae cans 2 +0 +0 —2 —1 +3 +1 +1) —0.2 04
Buford, Porte cevc esses esgnce cence vse +1 +1 —1 —1 +4 +1 +2! +0.3 . 04
Pembina, Fort..-......--.-.-..2------ -L0 +0 —Ahececss| +3 +1 +9] +0.9 05
Rie, FOr: 02 corse none deans beeen He die dia Sasi) wate ein ciate Bie erels vis [ats arescin [lsd pene lemysarae sc pieeaese| 40.3 - 03
Stevenson, Fort ..-.......-.- idisdles te sea Heil iced omar teased sie | Bacale e acea ieceNeaceere Rawseeters see val —ON7 03
Totten, Fort.........-2..-----6----265 —1 +0 —2 —1 + 5|- se|eeeee---| $1.0 05
Vates, NOth< ssc0% ccscuceacsies Leach ok -LO +0 —1 —2 + 3 +1 +1] —0.2 02
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Bennett, Fort ............-.-.-------- ot sSeveslledesiee sx lene sebelexssaxes| <b 2 + 2 ].......-} +0.2 03
Deadwood .........-...22--.--2----.-5 +1 +2 she Ds ise aitewes [aseone cv |ecteeceesl sc avewcs| —Or4 03
Haile, Port accseceas se kag ceed adele wast 2 oc dileioelllmans vay cgel| 2a lace ain fee leleaeievee |aicnicea sedate seencsal S013 05
. b.  PRUOVON) fas aloes cinteesles beans seeks +0 -LO —1 —1 +2 +1 +1; +0.3 .02
Mom Dal 3. oaparetatere ease ears arees eoeists Iga Sekai acted ens 8 ae [te ah rgasceell 20 —1 +1] +0.0 01
Meant, PORb.. 22.2 S75 ininieicidaneva Scucveuainse ieee 0 +1 Ae O. | Siasersiiels ais +1 +1 +1; —0.2 . 02
Randall, Fort ......-.---.-......-..-- -L0 +1 +0 —1 +2 + 2 +0] +0.2 02
Rapid. Cty: 23: :ccnce wteneiscwavaasesgions wees oe lemiseesiecll sere gage 6 S28) +1 +1 +0/ —0.2 02
Sisse tony; Hoth. ces eames ede tects -L0 +2 - 0 SEO! steerer zalee tees ede wcrc) SEOSE 02
Sally; Bort se)i2 asec cess ocoues wees +1 +0 —1 —1 +2 +1 +1] 40.5 03
Websters nc sicscccudy saemer <teedtes oe eres +0 -L0 —4 —2 +1 + 1f......--] —L0O 02
Wan kt 2:02 onesies ee hace wanna xeces —1 —1 —1 —-1 + 2 +1 +0] —01 . 03
MINNESOTA.

Moorhead 0.0000 ciaensscoe tessa veecece -L0 +1 + 0 +0 + 3 +2 +2] 40.4 03

Ste Van CON Gijcss ic. cicivieige ociee vaya aeons aise 0 +1 —i1 —1 +:3 +1 +2) 40.1 04
NEBRASKA.

Hay Springs..........2..2-2..-2.. alee dete -L0 -—1 +0 +1 1 -—1 0 01
Robinson, Fort . ; +1 +1 +0 +0 + 2 |. - Baie ee +0. 01
Valentine 25 sce ves ies cocacacelaascas ae jee ts ge —1| —1 == J +3 +1 4 9| +0. 6 02
Annual sums ........-.....2.22020----- +2 +8 —19} —15 | +445 | +19/ +20} +2.9 . 03

Annual sums North Dakota_......-..-. -L0 +1 —10 —5 20 5 13 1.9

Annual sums South Dakota .---00..-/| $1] 4s) 26] os] ti3| £9] 42) oe 02

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S. Ex. 145——16

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

4
Appenpix No. 47.
Maximum and minimum and mean annual ranges of temperature.
Tomperature ranges.
States and stations. z_| Length of
ise Mean record.
Highest. | Lowest. | anual.
NORTH DAKOTA.
BISMARCA cc tatesleiseratamtete care tele die doe neaayerre sls b's sie eleiomusah oeihaimetetsieletets 141 120 132 | 1875-1891
Buford, WOMtasss2cceec2 fs2 ieGiakawe te sical domtangl see skeet eas keiedecierseis 154 116 141 | 1867-1891
Pembina, Fort 151 122 137 | 1872-1891
Richardton ..-.......--.------ 146 127 135 | 1884-1887
Totten, Port:.c.oscsccc0a8 scene 148 120 133 | 1870-1890
Mates, MoOrticcccacgrcuncs at idee cacaesneeanecmcccoeneeen eceenek tmtme mie’ 151 128 138 | 1882-1891
Deadwood) scien cxmecsistecs ces tee se ood eSeeins Mi site eeese seeds ease se 124 106 116 | 1879-1887
Huron 142 114 131 | 1882-1891
Olivet 136 118 126 | 1878-1882
Ran@all, Wortiscn cas orcs. eine tha cheeenewuss 369s dvigh eee oe ters geseeelse 145 103 129 | 1860-1891
Rapids Citys. 2 oxic ei wlha Ueciele ec 2 see die deic dare deise ee tee melee eeareiele e Se 130 117 124 | 1888-1891
Sisseton, Fortie(..32cciccciie sce esis ceeteeseadsas dase st satmaesaesiieree case 144 112 126 | 1869-1888
Sully, Fort 144 110 132 | 1869-1891
WebSt68 o.oc:0ccccccee snes seek eee eeacemenane 146 128 138 | 1883-1891
Van toms. ccsoe auc pec esto tee ese ab keaaces wan swenencetintedemanes aeeeeis 133 108 119 | 1874-1891
Moorhead). esis sevneseseexs seeey ones askccipeGie eek re demeeeereaed sess 145 127 134 | 1881-1891
St. Vincent cecskesceec cae os cheese veda eemesuns dees cvedwemeveemeavess ae ¥s 146 132 138 | 1881-1890
NEBRASKA.

RODINSON FOLGE ss aisisisiaeis's cinicia tra mieiatisisions' sia scisiss Sains kee am selec Seteieisia ciel niet 140 115 127 | 1884-1891
Valentines is ai cciide sic's oes seceeaciscsiicien iaies csieseies Sea sees ele cies sae 138 121 128 | 1886-1891

SELECTED STATIONS. :
Assinnaboine, Fort, Mout........-.-. 2222 ee eee ee eee ee eee eee 157 120 137 | 1881-1891
JU NATH: MATA 6. oceans: s:5. 2 ois Syere css eaia ore, ayase sseGie Sdee =e 454 Stele lee is ested Maven sie oe 135 110 120 | 1873-1891
HC Ven as MOM bipaca iota Saicescieraisicasterspavedbsanseaicieiecois  # sbsteiel eisierentisiareusietiapeuses «ark 140 108 122 | 1881-1891
MC ISIC. ORE WY Ole: cose oes pale iaodszrcuaskraldcyeye'e bigest nibieas waned) ease 2 Sespaiae siee odes 131 109 118 | 1888-1891
Poplar River, Mont ..-..--..---------.-2 2-22 eee eee eee eee eee 159 146 155 | 1884-1888
oti, EGU MENG soos :0:evnie Sra deibie ait /a:kresa je oie S Riel tease seine wei malgreaiseiae: Saee e ee 155 109 123 | 1873-1891
Washalkie, Forty: WYO. cscicscateis sais atime pis'p oie 3 seid acts Pmicieia Siew cisininisie o sie aie M1 114 124 | 1888-1890

CANADIAN STATIONS.
Calgary” esos snec-seiseotecsseemies seed oo eekeveeeecease waddieyens s deeeeecs 134 116 125 | 1885-1890
Churchill, Portis. ia: scncssseensaess séeeex v eee ees eeaenes mune eases eeeee 124 119 121 | 1885-1887
HdMontoD osc wees sessile qos s5e sew ceeded danse kneees caus Hoes ok see 144 135 140 | 1883-1886
Medicine Hates ccc sce cvs. oven orscesiasvexencees eeeie soe ee eeeee cee ence 158 130 148 | 1884-1890
Milned0Sa-iccxesceved Yess oes sey ters sash sea tenceencnen Wdtus «ee ee ee exe 155 134 141 | 1883-1890
Qu Appellee: ssequ2dciinnd pases vpsk eee seueeeh bee sewaaetes oe se oewEx Eee 141 130 137 | 1883-1890
FROGINA, .ssew ne Seep ceases eels Come be meceuele taewaale May Rees Mena ee ee eee 156 143 148 | 1885-1889
Swift (Current p02 pcs. cees vane nbenduse waded nececiaee dus ¥esse ceeens 146 121 133 | 1886-1890

148 129 138 | 1883-1890

Winnipeg ...casvcecines 0 ees -eeeeeacieanuulesceaecauses gees ose eees seas

 

 

 

 

 

12
Appenpix No. 48.

Average monthly absolute ranges of temperature.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| 5
Stations. Jan. |Feb.|Mar.| Apr. |May.|June| July|Aug.|Sept.! Oct. | Nov. Dec. one Length of record.
Fort Buford, N. Dak..} 80) 79} 75 | 67 64] 56] 53) 59} 62] 64] 70] 73) 67 1879-1891
Bismarck, N. Dak....| 73 | 73) 70] 64 | 58] 53] 50) 55) 61} 61] 68] 69) 63 1875-1891
Ft. Stevenson,N.Dak.| 71] 74] 66] 69] 55] 54] 50] 53] 59] 59] 62) 70} 62 1879-1882
St. Vincent, Minn....| 75| 75 | 68| 74] 61] 56] 49] 57] 60] 59] 68] 71] 64 1881-1891
Fort Totten, N. Dak..| 73 | 73] 59 | 70] 57] 53] 47] 52}, 59| 59] 68] 66] 61] July 1880-Dec. 1890
Fort Yates, N.Dak...} 77 | 78) 72] 68| 60 | 59} 51) 59) 65) 65) 71} 67] 66 1883-1891
Moorhead, Minn ..... 73) 75) 65} 69| 61) 55} 48] 56] 61] 58] 68) 66] 63 1881-1891
Fort Bennett, 8. Dak.| 75} 79| 74). 65) 60) 6] 54) 59| 62; 64] 67] 73] 66 )}REDE TRO Sow ise
Deadwood, 8S. Dak...| 70] 73} 61] 53 | 50] 50] 47] 50] 52] 58] 62) 67] 58 1878-1887
Huron, 8. Dak......- 73| 76| 71) 6t] 58] 54] 50} 53] 62] 611 70] 71] 63 | July 1881-1891
Fort Meade, 8. Dak..| 76] 86 | 71] G4] 62] 54| 52) 58] 59] 63| 73] 75 | 66 | Jan. 1883-Dec. 1891
Fort Sully, 8. Dak... 72| 73] 73| 64) 60] 54) 54] 58] 64) 66} 70| 69) 65 | Jan. 1883-June 1891
Yankton, 8. Dak....- 70! 71] 70) 641 55} 49] 45] 489 57) 62] 67] 68] 60] Apr. 1873-1891
Rapid City, S. Dak...) 73 | 77] 73] 66) 58) 53] 48} 53) 60] 57| 68) 67] 66 1888-1891
Ft. Pembina, N.Dak..| 73 2} 69] 72} 62] 57) 51} 56] 62] 66] 73] 71] 65 | Nov. 1872-Dec. 1891
Fort Randall, 8. Dak.| 78 | 78| 75} 68] 60] 55| 53} 57] 67| 69] 76| 76] 68] Jan. 1872-Dec. 1891
Valentine, Nebr......| 78 | 78| 78) 68] 61] 51} 51} 56] 62] 65| 76} 73) 66 | Sept. 1885-Dec. 1891
Webster, S. Dak.....) 74], 83 | 79] 69] 61] 53] 50) 57) 68) 67] 79) 77| 68} June 1882-Dec. 1891
Fort Robinson, Nebr..| 72] 81] 71] 64] 65] 53] 56} 59] 60) 66| 76) 71) 66 1884--1891
Means ......--. 74| 77| 71) 66| 59| 54) 50] 56] 61] 63.) 70) 71] 64
Apprenpix No. 49.
Monthly and annual mean daily temperature ranges.
Bismarck, N. Dak....| 22; 22 | 20] 23 | 23] 23) 23) 25) 25) 22) 21) 20| 22 1877-1891
Fort Buford, N. Dak.| 23 | 23] 22] 24] 26| 25) 27) 29] 29| 24] 22) 21) 25 1879-1891
Deadwood, 8. Dak...| 23} 21] 20] 19} 20) 21) 21) 22] 22) 20] 20) 18] 21 1878-1887
Huron, 8. Dak....... 23 | 22} 20) 25 | 25) 24) 24] 25] 26] 25) 23) 21 | 24] July 1881-Dec. 1891
Moorhead, Minn ..... 21}; 22] 20) 28] 25) 23] 23} 24] 24] 21) 19] 19] 22 1881-1891
St. Vincent, Minn....| 21] 22] 23} 22] 25] 24) 24) 25] 25) 21) 18] 20| 22 1877-1891
Yankton, 8. Dak..... 21) 21) 21) 23) 21} 21] 21) 22) 24) 23) 21) 19] 22 1877-1891
Fort Bennett, S. Dak.! 26 | 25] 24 | 24 | 24) 24] 24] 26) 26] 26) 25 | 23} 25 | Oct. 1880-Nov. 1885
Rapid City, 8. Dak...! 22] 22] 22) 24) 22) 22) 22) 25| 27| 24] 24) 23) 23 1888-1891
Ft. Stevenson,N.Dak.| 20] 21} 21] 22] 23] 24] 24) 25) 25] 22] 18|] 18] 22} Feb. 1879-May 1883
9 } (Jan. -Oct. 1877
Fort Sully, 8. Dak... 20) 20| 21 2) 25) 24) 27) 26) 27) 26) 24) 21) 24 | yo ses hime 1891
Valentine, Nebr...... 25 | 25 | 24) 25) 24) 23] 26] 25 | 27) 27) 26; 25] 25] Sept. 1885-Deec. 1891
Means ........- 22 | 22) 22) 23) 24] 23] 24) 25) 26] 23) 22] 21] 23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

123
Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in North Dakota.

Avprnpix No. 50.

BISMARCK, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July. | Aug. |Sept | Oct. | Nov. | Dee. |Annual.
43 39 34 | 39 34 32 33 36 48 40 25 47 38
42 51 40 oo 39 36 oo 37 40 43 d4 48 41
57 47 35 37 3 34 37 40 39 36 43 36 40
37 49 42 44 37 36 | °30 40 45 46 38 40 40
48 49 41 40 42 37 38 50 42 BL 45 39 44
46 D1. 42 45 45 ol 45 45 45 no 41 41 43
46 54 54 40 38 37 32 | 39 45 46 38 28 41
46 49 41} “40 40 35 36 | 41 43} 42 39 40 41
BUFORD, FORT, N. DAK.
1885 wee ececee samen cece 41 32 35 42 43 35 40 37 47 44 27 36 38
ASRG .. cee eee caus eeeesceee 48 41 43 38 39 38 38 40 43 45 42 47 42
ISS 2xice race csecteseannecek et 51 53 Bs, #1 44 32 43 aT 39 41 39 42 42
SL SRS bis apc evel ees ata era a alts ead 55 44 43 36 40 40 40 43 42 36 Od Sei heed
ASSO oy oye sic ety chain fA rohit 48 38 41 42 37 49 48 51 48 51 43 40 45
DOO! sichexeperasieersioaisaddseratads est 53 40 48 4 43 37 47 43 46 38 40 33 43
1891 occas sankey 43 43 43 42 47 38 31 41 43 39 35 37 40
Means .........--.---- 47 43 42 42 41 38 41 41 44 43 37 38 41
TOTTEN, FORT, N. DAK
BBO este den peg tus dcteiciss 2 Netto 43 Ble ace Gee 40 36 35 32 35 51 39 24 Ba W cect ee,
ASSO rgseceoa een ee edestds 36 49 39 33 38 38 38 39 41 | °43 34 46 40
SST ce cerns nee esadseses 51 35 39 44 40 32 34 27 39 33 35 50 38
ASSS! iccisrossh aie wisia eh eiectsecie ae 30 40 33 33 35 38 31 42 44 38 40 36 36
1889 aa eeewasemeanemeces BD! | aicscediets eee shar idee leeene news ceo Ohya atraccel ota call seca elt zmnsel| severe liam ahve | microns
Means ....-.-.-------- 41 39 37 | 38 37 35 34 36 44 88°; 33 44 38
YATES, FORT, N. DAK.
NOOT asec chun cea aa ede eaeemeleddee 40 45 41 39 41 47 40 47 Tt cater
TS88) cnicene ye ediciens eons 45 44 42 44 38 39 41 43 49 49 38 45 43
VSB Oi cicxcycpsaseccta ict oee ae aaa Meal Sree el Geel eS erewial| SORES 50 42 39 45 45 46 48 AO Ss stelsees
Mediie <5h-acsiaeaacaee need. ees ese: 42} 44] 41} 40) 43| 47{ 45] 44] 30 )......

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in South Dakota,

DEADWOOD, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

31 33 25 31 31 30 32 82 34 35 34 31 382
55 28 2t) 30 34 31 32 32 32 30 35 39 34
36 AD. | ccoceresate 30 36 29 33 36 35 35 35 40 |.-...-.-
41 37 27 30 34 30 32 33 | 34 33 35 37 34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

124
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

125

Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in South Dakota—Continued.
/

HURON, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.|July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
39 36 39 46 42 82 33 36 40 46 30 44 ol
47 47 43 45 48 37 40 43 44 49 41 44 44
46) 43] 35; 45 | 45) 35] 38] 33] 40) 47] 44] 54 42
41 43 41 47 38 36 37 41 52 m2 43 37 qu
46 47 44 49 39 48 34 43 48 44 48 50 46
40; 35/ 32] 51] 43] 35) 41] 45) 49] Sl] 48] 42 43
53 43 39 45 42 35 33 43 50 47 40 34 42
45 42 39 47 42 37 38 41 | 46 | 48 42 44 43

PIERRE, 8. DAK
Dat Be east ees Ce cee adele ela ag la haa | 38| 39| 49) 47] 42] 311...
34] 43] 4X] 41] 40 4
41! 40] 41] 44) 41 sz
46) 45] 40] 4x! 37 42
39; 48] 44] 42] 30 41
4g| 44] 43| 44] 40 42
36 38 43 44 re
39} 46) 471 44] 89 43
44) 46) 45] 43] 3x 42
40} 48} 49} 45) 40 44
40 | 44 | 46| 44| 39 | 42
YANKTON, S. DAK.
33° 32 40 42 41 27 24 28 41 43 35 40 36
40 44 33 35 38 32 38 3 39 46 37 38 38
44 30 42 43, 39 35 32 35 32 40 42 53 39
41} 45] 35] 42] 32] 29) 32] 31] 50; 48] 48] 37 39
43 qd 40 dt 39 38 38 33 45 42 42 38 40
44 388 35 45, 36 291 32 36 44 47 45 45 40
46 40 Do siasce 45 36 33 29 36 44 35 33 [22.2.2 ..
42 39 37 42 39 | 32 | 33 32 41 44 41 41 39
Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Minnesota.
MOORHEAD, MINN.
35 32 39 38 34 35 31 43 41 45 29
41 53 35 36 2 34 42 42 48 42 ay bisa 2
51) 36{ 30/ 49] 48; 37] 36] 35] 40] aa} ao} se] Ga
40 35 31 32 40 43 35. 40 46 49 36 43 39
40 41 36 50 44 40 40 42 46 44 42 34 42
51 40 33 51 42 33 41 42 44] 34 40 36 41
41 42 41 51 46 34 33 39 44 37 40 32 40
43 40 35 44 42 37 36 40 43 43 38 38 40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
126 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Minnesota—Continued.

ST. VINCENT, MINN.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.) Apr. |} May. |June.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dee. |Aunual.
40 36 39 43 34 35 31 41 40 35 25 39 36

48 37 35 37 41 44 40 44 44 46 34 37 41

42 31 38 38 49 45 40 40 51 47 42 38 42

46 43 38 32 43 46 35 43 54 42 40 37 42

34 36 37 45 47 43 45 45 48 39 37 45 42

48 49 40 45 44 43 39 45 41 33 35 36 42

38 46 38 50 52 32 38 36 47 5 40 36 41

| 36 | 38 40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Iowa,

SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

 

nasese keaeess aGaaes [tates 22 30 46 38 33 SE dlisecievexe cree

 

 

37 44 40 29 34 34 38 41 46 38 os
28 35 33 31 32 29 43 46 29 34 36
32 40 36 30 29 31 42 42 36 | os) 36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greatest daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Nebraska,

VALENTINE, NEBR.

 

 

37 43 38 36 31 40 40 46 41 36 40 40
49 37 46 A2 40 55 58 36 44 54 36 45
66 47 48 38 44 42 36 48 AT | axetcracais As aeteepe se
53 56 49 42 41 43, 41 53 48 43 44 47
42 39 42 46 34 42 40 46 46 52 43 43
40 49 45 38 33 29 38 43 47 38 39 40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

48 45 45 40 a 42 2 45 46 45 42 44

 
Aprrenpix No. 51.

Least daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in North Dakota.

BISMARCK, N. DAK,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. | July.| Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
9 7 id 4 12 10 10 6 11 6 7 10 8
11 8 R 1 p 1 14 18 14 8 11 7 10
8 9 a 9 13 18 11 9 8 6 12 8 10
5 10} - 3 % 3 7 1 ¥ 12 4 3 1 6
4 3 5 ia 5 15 11 13. 4 7 5 5 x
5 5 2 9 8 9 12 18 6 5 6 6 8
8 4 5 3 tL 4 8 10 o 4 2 6 6
8 7 5 8 9 il 11 11 10 6 7 6 8
BUFORD, FORT, N. DAK.
10 10 9 16 11 17 8 14 11 4 8 11
11 7 9 11 ii 15 10 14 6 7 6 10
5 4 8 10 16 9 8 9 6 12 & 8
10 11 7 7 7 14 10 9 3 6 Do | state enim sed
6 5 8 1 15 17 8 10 12 8 5 9
6 5 6 5 8 13 14 5 4 8 6 e
3 5 G6 ‘it: 3 10 16 6 6 4 2 7
7 7 8 9 10 1d 11 10 7 7 6 a
TOTTEN, FORT, N. DAK.
Ldieeis shdtarromaciigiarsaba meer 10 Bs Nsraresiars 3 5 12 12 8 7 6 3 De dec ccpllsens
ee {} 10 7 7 9 11 14 18 8 6 5 7 9
a ewcalcegyy 13 9 9 4 6 12 4 6 8 7 10 8 8
ing cclavoudcoap ve eal eine niat ate 10 6 il 8 8 14 6 3 3 5 2 ©
Sentdaict owes 9 8 7 6 8 11 11 8 6 6 6 6 8
YATES, FORT, N. DAK.
15 8 12 12 4 20 9  ieeweens
7 7 12 10 21 10 8 6 9
3 20 16 21 12 10 10 EE: Veemrnscos
8 12 13 14 12 13 9 Oe. |eissscnevesre

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Least daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in South Dakota,

DEADWOOD, S. DAK.

.

 

 

Means .......... Saved

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6 8 4 8 9 8 10 9 6 10 11 9
4 6 4 5 7 7 12 7 10 7 10 3
7 8 | earearse 6 5 13 7 5 8 9 8 Ceca:
6 7 4 6 e. 9 10 7 8 9 10 6

 

 
128 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Least daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in South Dakota—Continued.

HURON, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
TSR5: vaouancoaicememigciees ssa 7 9 8 0 7{ 10] 10 7 6] 12 4 7 7
1886, sacsaccexiccnanesscees~. 10 8 6 9| 15] 17) Wl] 14] 12] 10 5 4 10
ASST esiseecieeasesaeeeee eres 11 5 7 9 12 7 8 9 14 6 8 9 9
1888s omcen cozenaqueedegeessy 9 7 7|/ i} 6 6| uw 5| 10 6 7 2 8
ISS: asjcnjmexwescerecemcsyeste 5 6 7 4 7 15 6 10 6 7 5 5 7
1890 csamceine rece caticcebssees 4 5 9 10 6 7 12 8 15 5 7 7 8
1891s iccctsirececauunugyseseesis 3 5 31 10 4 4) | wy at) 4 4 5 7
Means) .2ci00ewec0ssess 7 6 7 8 8 Sefer AL 10 11 e 6 6 8
PIERRE, 8. DAK
ASOD sc cewpreisewce eee ccetcitcnll ance eelo niece cameos! castes |lstetec es |leiices 11 10 5 9 7 Dbl arCenceated
RAPID CITY, 8. DAK.
11 9) 10 14 7 5 10 4 7 3 7 6 8
7 3 7 4 6 7 7 10, 5 8 8 5 6
5 9 6 6 9 5 13 8 8 10 2 7 7
4 5 4 2 2 9 10 10 10 4 10 7 6
7 6 7 6 6 6 10 8 8 6 7 6 7
SULLY, FORT, S. DAK.
13 13 5 11 5 8 B scisieweee
8 14 5 7 8 6 3 7
Le 10 2 5 3 6 1 6
9 12 10 6 3 5 6 7
Brille dese Ustisietl fereite ce (beeael seta eameice eceaiedies
9] 12 8 7 5 6 4 7
YANKTON, 8. DAK.
1885 jcsimomasccen neve ence ca 2 6 9 12 10 12 8 5 5 7 7 7 7
MSOG racecars aie aoasaee ous 8 5 5) 10} ia} 2] ma] w 7\| 38 3 5 9
DSSH eccniedecets Joesice temas 8 6 5 5 10 9 10 4 7 8 1 4 7
1889S seprozeadenceie Senses 6 5 6 5 3 8} i 9| 12 7 A\ 8 7
1880. Sesastesuoemectagmeeued 5 4 7 6) 14] wy 3] 10 4 7 5 5 7
1890! so 22 teen caeeseet ace 5 5 3 12 3 7 4 6 10 3 7 6 6
1891. s2-.3-s temas earners 4 4 lise 7 3) 11] 14 8 5 5 | epee
Means sscsceceeexccees 5 5 5 | 8 | 8 9 9 9 7 7 6 5 “4
Least daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Minnesota.
MOORHEAD, MINN.
;
T8856 ccsecccucumiees neice sade I 9 9 6 5 12 15 4 15 5 4; 9 9
DSSB: nrecvaie omeeceane bie ge cusecie 5 7 7 6 al rere 15 18 13 8 6 © MWleetese ates
WSST seaicdosue yecsoue nice cose 5 6 7 3 il 13 a 7 11 3 6 4 7
1888 126.2cctnceetieeemsageceaee 6 6 7 4 9 10 10 8 5 5 3 3 6
1880) aawtcsce ne seetacce Moe 2 3 4 9 5] 13] 13] 12 5 2 4 5 6
1890) 5.33 decocnee Sete thease 5 5 Ss} 18 8 7 8 7 8 5 5 6 7
1891. ccc. wed, otereeineosee was 7 7 5 4 10 5 9 11 4 2 3 4 6
Means .........------- 6 6 6 6 8 10 12 9 9 4 4 5 q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

129

Least daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Minnesota—Continued.

ST. VINCENT, MINN.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.} Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
12 5 10 5 8 12 10 14 13 7 4 9 9
6 9 8 6 11 12 14 12 12 6 4 4 9
7 9 7 7 6 12 7 7 15 9 12 10 9
9 6 8 7 7 8 12 8 8 3 4 4 7
7 2 5 6 5 11 7 9 4 6 3 7 6
2 5 38 6 6 4 10 10 5 5 5 5 6
7 7 11 4 7 6 5 13 8 5 4 5 7
7 6 qT 6 7 9 9 10 9 6 5 6 7
Least daily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Towa.
SIOUX CITY, IOWA.
4 10 8 7 6 OF illatatniase stese
7 10 9 4 7 4 7
10 14 8 3 4 6 7
7 11 8 5 6 5 7
Least duily ranges of temperature, with monthly and annual averages, in Nebraska.
VALENTINE, NEBR.
8 9 5 7 14 8 15 14 8 10 7 8 9
12 12 8 3 8 13 13 7 10 7 10 8 9
8 7 9} 11 7| ul] 13 6] 11 Dh cia 9 leseesenrs
6 6 11 5 7 8 8 11 5 4 5 6 7
4 6 2 9 6} 12} 10} 10] 10] 11] 10 8 8
4 6 3 5 6 7 11 5 10 8 9 6 7
7 8 6 7 8 10 12 9 9 8 8 8 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. 157——_17
Aprenpix No. 52.

Monthly and annual mean maximum temperatures.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stations. Jan. |Feb.| Mar.| Apr. |May./June|July.| Aug.|Sept.} Oct. | Nov.| Dec. a Length of record.
Bismarck, N. Dak...-| 15 | 20] 33) 54] 67] 76} 81] 80] 70) 56] 39) 25] 51 1880-1891
Fort Buford, N. Dak.| 14] 20| 35] 56] 67] 77} 82) 81] 70} 55) 387) 25] 52 1880-1891
Moorhead, Minn ....- 9| 15] 29] 52| 66] 76] 79] 77| 68) 54] 35) 22) 48 1881-1891
St. Vincent, Minn....) 4) 10] 26| 49] 64] 75) 77] 75 | 66] 51] 31) 17] 45 | Sept. 1880-Dec. 1891
Huron, 8. Dak ....--. 18| 23] 38 59! 68| 79{ 831 81{ 73] 59{| 42| 30] 54 [| July 1881-Dec. 1891
Fort Sully, 8. Dak...) 19) 24| 40] 60) 69| 80] 87) 84) 75] 68| 46| 32] 57 1885-1891
Yankton, 8. Dak..... 24} 29) 40} 60] 71) 81) 85) 83) 75 | 62] 45] 34] 57 1880-1891
Rapid City, 8. Dak...) 31] 32) 42] 60] 64] 75; 83) 82: 75) 61| 48] 45] 58 1888-1891
Valentine, Nebr. ..-.. 26| 36] 46] 62] 63) 75! 87] 83) 75] 62] 49] 41] 59 1886-1890
Fort Yates, N. Dak ..| 15) 21| 37] 61} 70) 81] 84] 82) 74) 59| 44] 29) 55 1883-1891
Deadwood, 8. Dak....| 29] 32] 43 | 48] 59] 70} 76] 75) 65| 55] 45] 33) 52 1882-1887

Means......... 17| 24] 37) 56] 65] 77) 82) 80) 71) 58) 42] 30] 53

Appenpix No. 53.
Monthly and annual mean daily variability of temperature.
Stations. Jan. |! Feb. | Mar.| Apr. (May./June|July.| Aug./Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. ey Length of record.
I

Fort Buford, N. Dak.. 9 9 i 6 5 4 4 4 5 5 6 8 6 1881-1891
Bismarck, N. Dak -.... 9 9 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 6 6 8 6 1881-1891
St. Vincent, Minn ..../- 9], 10 8 6 6 5 4 5 5 6 6 9 7 1881-1891
Fort Totten, N.Dak..| 8] 10 8 6 5| 95 4 4 5 6 6 8 6 | June 1884-Jan. 1889
Moorhead, Minn ..... ! 10} 10 7 6 6 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 6 | Dec. 1881-1891
Huron, 8. Dak ...-.-. | 9 9 7 6 5 4 4 4 6 6 7 7 6 | July 1881-1891
Fort Sully,8.Dak..... 8 9 7 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 6 | Dec. 1885-June 1891.
Yankton, 8. Dak..... ee) 9 7 6 5 4 | 4 4 5 5 7 7 6 1881-1891

Means.....-.. i 9| of ¥) @| &] a4 | a| a) @] ¢| «| @| «@

|

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note.—The variability of temperature is expressed by the change in the daily mcan temperature from day to
day independent of whether the temperature rises or falls,

1830
Seasonal temperature normals—quarterly values—records for many years.

Apprenpix No. 54.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First quarter. Second quarter. Third quarter. Fourth quarter.
Stations, ? Annual.
Jan. | Feb. | Mar.) Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec.
I
NORTH DAKOTA.
Abercrombie, Fort........... 9 56 67 27 40
Abraham Lincoln, Fort ...-.. 11 54 66 29 40
Bismarck ..............----- 12 54 i 64 28 40
Buford, Fort ....-. y 12 54 64 27 39
Davenport .-.. 12 55 64 30 40
Gallatin .............- a 8 50 62 28 37
New England City ..-- = 14 53 64 29 40
Pembina, Fort......... ie 4 51 62 22 35
Ransom, Fort ....- peniee cae 11 56 65 25 39
Rice, Fort........- inst z 17 56 68 29 42
Richardton ..........- 3 10 51 64 28 38
Seward, Fort.......... | 7 52 65 24 37
Stevenson, Fort ....-.- 2 11 54 65 25 39
Totten, Fort.....-....- : 7 52 63 24 36
Yates, Fort......-.-.-.....-- 14 57 68 32 43
M@ans: 2.28 tcce ects eens 11 54 65 27 39
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Alexandria.......-.--....2.- 9 56 67 27 43
Bennett, Fort....-..-.-.--.- 19 57 68 32 44
Brookings .-.-..-.-... 222... 16 55 65 32 42
Deadwood ...-...--...-.-.-. 25 50 61 33 42
Hale, Fort. .........--..--.-- 19 59 69 32 45
PIM BOD 2 wee ic St aie were eaicwe 15 56 66 32 42
Kimball. ..-...2.222.2.2.---- 16 57 66 33 43
Meade, Fort.-..............- 23 54 67 35 45
Oli Vetoes necdee seeeetes os z 23 58 69 31 45
PAaTKS tot. se wee ses well ow 18 57 67 36 44
Randall, Fort ...-..-........ 23 60 71 35 47
Rapid City.-.....22222...2.. 25 54 68 38 46
Sisseton, Fort ....--.-......- 10 53 65 26 3k
Sully, Fort .........- 20 58 70 33 45
Vermillion -......... 19 60 69 38 46
Webster snc ejccgccciee ea ccne 13 57 68 32 43
Woonsocket. ..-..-........- 16 57 67 32 44
Yankton ........-22.-.-....- 22 5D 69 35 46
MGANS 2 e5.s ees ve. cee 18 56 67 33 44
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA.

Sioux City, lowa ........-..- 25 59 69 36 47
Moorhead, Minn.........-... 7 53 63 27 37
St. Vincent, Minn........... 3 51 60 23 34
Hay Springs, Nebr ..-....... 22 54 66 34 44
Fort Robinson, Nebr ........ 26 57 68 38 47
Valentine, Nebr ............. 23 57 68 a 37 46

 

131

 
Aprenpix No. 55,

Seasonal temperature normals—records for many years.

 

Dry season.—Winter.

Wet season.—Spring, summer, and autumn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stations. Annual.
Jan. | Feb. | Nov. | Dec. | Mar. | Apr. | May.|June.|July.| Aug. | Sept.) Oct.

NORTH DAKOTA. 5
Abercrombie, Fort ....-..... 12 54 40
Abraham Lincoln, Fort...-.. 13 54 40
Bismarck ........-.--.-.---- 14 52 40
Buford, Fort 8B 52 39
Davenport ....... ie z 14 53 40
Gallatin ......-- fo ce Sa aie a was 12 50 37
New England City .-.-..-.-. 16 52 40
Pembina -......-.--.-.------ 6 49 35
Ransom, Fort ........--.---- 13 52 89
Rice, Fort.....-------------- 17 55 42
Richardton .....-..-...----- 12 52 38
Seward, Fort........-.------ 10 51 37
Stevenson, Fort ..-.....----- 12 52 39
Totten, Fort ......---.------ 8 50 36
Yates, Fort........-...------ 16 56 43
Means: csacssaces icles 13 52 39

SOUTH DAKOTA,
Alexandria...........------- 18 56 43
Bennett, Fort ...-...-.. i eee 19 - 57 44
Brookings ........-.---.---- 18 54 42
Deadwood .......----------- 25 51 42
Hale, Port: vxccoreee wens. pene 18 58 45
FUTON. .cwsesvescemaennes ace 17 55 42
Kimball. .......-..--- Fereteiaive's 19 55 43
Meade; Forti. .csiccoen2 e023 os 24 55 45
OlIVe: Fac iewsiee elites die eitiets 21 59 45
Parkstony <a ccesatzcieswec cick 22 56 44
Randall, Fort ......----.---- 23 59 47
Rapid City..-.....---.....-- 27 56 46
Sisseton, Fort.........------ 12 52 38
Sully, Fort..........-..----- 20 57 45
Wermtllonss .cccesc.02 sci ade 22 58 46
WDSLEE si cneiisisietss ocisdcdie 16 56 43
Woonsocket. ..-..----.------ 18 55 44
YEUCOM 6 oeceicisnin teense Ses 22 57 46
MGane) scc0 cteecece sexe 20 56 44
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASK A.

Sioux City, lowa.........--- 25 58 47
Moorhead, Minn..-..... waists 10 ‘B1 37
St. Vincent, Minn....--..-.- 6 48 34
Hay Springs, Nebr. -.....---- 23 Ba 44
Robinson, Fort, Nebr... ..-.. 28 57 47
Valentine, Nebr....--...---- 26 57 46

 

 

 

 

132
Apprenpix No. 56.

Seasonal temperature normals—records for many years.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 
   
 

 

 

 

   
 

 

 

 

Dry season.—Winter, spring, and autumn. Wet season.—Summer.
Stations. Annual.
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. |Sept.! Oct. | Nov. ] Dec. | Apr. | May. |June.| July. | Aug.
NORTH DAKOTA.
Abercrombie, Fort ..-....--. 24 62 40
Abraham Lincoln, Fort...-.. 25 61 40
Bismarele:......2.s02-0sesce dein 26 59 40
Buford, Fort ...-.........--. 25 60 39
Davenport ......--.--- ivesesiae 26 60 40
“Gallatin 22 oss: sezeccseea anes 23 57 37
New England City ....-.-... 26 59 40
Pembina, Fort ...-...-..--.. 19 67 35
Ransom, Fort..-..-..-..---- 24 61 39
Rice, Fott...---. ep emeracei® 28 63 42
Richardton ........----.-.-- 24 58 38
Seward, Fort... evsietele 21 59 37
Stevenson, Fort.........---. 23 60 39
Totten, Fort -.--..........-- 21 58 36
Yates, Fort........-.-.---.-- 28 63 43
Means 32 .2202c0cesescs 24 60 39
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Alexandria..........-.-.2+-- 28 61 43
Bennett, Fort .......-.....-- 31 63 44
Brookings .......------..--. 29 60 42
Deadwood ......-...----.... 33 56 42
Hale, Fort science seb swag vee 30 65 45
AUTON owes vats ckecais vex 28 61 42
Kimball .......- 5 29 62 43
Meade, Fort. sie 33 61 45
OMUVCE sevice ene sissies sein sizes 32 64 45
Parkston ........--.....--- = 32 62 44
Randall, Fort ....--. on 34 66 47
Rapid City. ...-... 222.22... 36 61 46
Sisseton, Fort. ..-.-. oie 24 59 38
Sully, Fort..-.....-. Bee 32_ 64 45
Vermillion ............ ae 33° 65 46
Webster .............. ae 28 63 43
Woonsocket ........-. . 29 62 44
MARUEIOG cis cc Wanna ead oem . 33 64 46
Means ............-... 31 62 44
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA.

Sioux City, Iowa..........-. 35 64 AT
Moorhead, Minn..........-.. 22 58 37
St. Vincent, Minn........... 19 56 34
Hay Springs, Nebr .........- 32 60 Ad
Robinson, Fort, Nebr-....... 36 63 47
Valentine, Nebr...........-. 34 63 46

 

 

 

 

133
Appenpix No. 57.

Seasonal temperature normals—records for many years.

 

. Dry season.—October to March, in-

Wet season.—April to September, in-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

elusive. elusive.
Stations. Annual,
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.) Aug. | Sept.
NORTH DAKOTA.

Abercrombie, Fort ...----.-- 18 62 40
Abraham Lincoln, Fort.---. 20 60 40
Bismarck .-....-------------- 20 59 40

Buford, Fort....---------.-- 20 59
Davenport ---.---.---------- 21 60 40
Gallatin -.-.---.-----.------ 18 56 37
New England City .-..------ 22 58 40
Pembina, Fort ..--..---.---- 13 56 35
Ransom, Fort ...---.---.---- 18 60 39
Rice, Fort .-----.----------- 23 62 42
Richardson ------.---------- 19 57 38
Seward, Fort.....----------- 15 58 37
Stevenson, Fort 18 60 39
Totten, Fort ....------------ 16 58 36
Yates, Fort......------.----- 23 63> 43
Means ....-.---------- 19 59 39

SOUTH DAKOTA.
Alexandria.......--.---.---- 22 62 43
Bennett, Fort. ..---..------- 26 63 44
Brookings .--..------------- 24 60 42
Deadwood ....-.--- 29 56 ie
Hale, Fort...------ 25 64 45
PUP «cae en os doce pie M cae 24 61 42
Kimball .......------------- 24 62 43
Meade, POLrt -iccesce ses 29 60 45
QLUV 6b cisions tee te cesmetee 27 64 45
Parkston 2 2-sdecns «ames 27 62. 44
Randall, Fort ...--.-.-..-.-. 29 65 AT
Rapid City ...--.------------ 31 66 46
Sisseton, Fort..-...--------- 18 59 38
Sully, Fort...--...--- Ya Geos ecaee 26 64 45
Vermillion - - 28 64 46
Webster ...------------ 22 63 43
Woonsocket 24 62 44
Vankton ccc sdccawds cs asad 28 64 46
Means - 22.22. 020000006 26 59 44
IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND NE-
BRASKA.

Sioux City, Iowa...........-. 30 64 Aq
Moorhead, Minn...-.-..--.-- 17 58 37
St. Vincent, Minn........... 13 55 34
Hay Spring, Nebr. .-.-..-.-- 28 60 44
Robinson, Fort, Nebr .....--- 32 63 47
Valentine, Nebr...-.-....--- 30 63 46

 

 

 

 

134
Warm Periods. perv N5P

Tracks ofMreas of Low Pressure. (Storm Cen ters.)

Sanuary ISE9 and IES), and February 680.
Total Excess of Temperature 406 Degrees lahrenhett.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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707° 70ge 99" o7* ay (9.5 ° ae ag
- 8 Ex./27. 521
Apprenpix No. 58.

Excess of temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) as compared with normal values for many years.

WARM PERIODS.

 

 

  
  
  
 
 
 
   
  

 

. February,| January,| January,| Total

Siatiens. 1886.) 1889.’|~ 1891.”’| excess.
Abraham Lincoln, Fort, N. Dak : 7 10 21 38
Bismarck; Fort; No Dak... 2-22.22 cence eecaeseaececteeees r 6 10 19 35
Buford, Fort, N. Dak....-.....2..---22----- - 7 a 17 31
Pembina, N. Dak -.-....---.-22..222------- —1 10 26 35
Yates, Fort, N. Dak........-...-2.-22------ 9 11 20 40
Huron, 8. Dak...-.....-....-- 7 6 17 30
Meade, Fort, S. Dak ..-.. .- 10 4 13 27
Randall, Fort, 8. Dak... 4 4 12 20
Sully, Fort;S: Dak: ocec02 coceee Sek ose wotenue ad eed se 6 4 15 25
Webster, S. Dak ....-...-..-.--...--- 9 7 21 37
Yankton, S. Dak........--.----.--..- 3 6 13 22
Moorhead, Minn ..........-. 4 11 15 30
St. Vincent, Minn 6 13 17 36°
DUIS oe vig ecicis lead eee ee icte shee Satcrele levis e's Se sles aeewieees ealeaeeteee 17 103 226 406

 

 

 

 

 

 
Apprenpix No. 60.

Deficiency of temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) as compared with normal values for many years.

COLD PERIODS.

 

 

   
 
 
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

: Janua: January, |February,| Total de-
Stations. 1886.” 1887. 1887. | ficiency.

Abraham Lincoln, Fort, N. Dak ..--..-2 222-222 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 10 13 19 42
Bismarck Ni Dak 2 ae ais: cjo,cceja cer reeeclatan Gee a@iciciiade wpowlande neem Reeteninne 9 12 14 35
Buford, Fort, N. Dak 9 9 15 33
Pembina Nz, Dales cece coos tery eccecaanm oc crete: rein saints @emeausiancan geae 9 10 6 25
Totten, Forts .Ne Dat stes sisis-scisciaisiee sess ice cipininre Wie + sisinieininit sieraieinjate > 3Rteiso mance 8 9 11 28
Yates, Fort, N. Dak...-.......2.2..2.2.----- 8 8 11 27
Deadwood, S. Dak .. 6 1 8 15
Huron, 8. Dak ....- 7 7 8 22
Meade, Fort, S. Dak ..- 11 1 5 17
Randall, Fort, 8. Dak 3 8 6 +1 13
Sisseton, Fort, 'S. Dako cscs snscicioe sacidcisiaule + eats eltis we deicre scteie wietee-cnsietce'e 8 9 7 24
Sully): Fort; 8. Dak wasn wee sscanaced deupionmie abew come kee desieienitcs eee cues 11 10 16 37
Weehster, 8. Dake occuicess slew tamae mee namics a0 veniea ceeds salowee ves ta uaal 4 17 8 29
Yankton; Ss Dakiec as aie atl caneeclonn ted a ot Aes SOatddta spear ered meee 9 6 9 24
Moorhead, Minn 2223256 qecccesdemetmnsctesue pet sseicoscuaeeees acagecee 6 8 6 20
Ste Vincent; Minn 2:j502s.ceencisjoee aes ed ace cates besten S626 Ede eee nie 5 7 3 15

SUMS; 3. cos cnsewd see nerediensine sete dcbaseiceneed seb eens ess 128 133 145 406

136
‘

 
Cold Periods.

Tracks of treas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)
January J8E8 Cand /587 ard February Jb87.

 

 

Total Defictercy of Zemperature £06 Degrees hahrerhert.
70s" 104° 103" 102° ror? — 00° 99" 98° 97° — 96" 95° 94° ga° 92°

Apperaex V2 OF.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Aprrnpix No. 62.

Record of the number of days on which the maximum temperature equaled or exceeded 90° throughout

the year.

[Letters prefixed to records indicate the number of days of observations missing, thus the letter d shows four days not recorded.)

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, FORT, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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S. 157
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

138

throughout

Record of the number of days on which the muximwm temperature equaled or exceeded 90°

the year—Continued.

BUFORD, FORT, N. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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139

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

ch the maximun temperature equaled or excceded 90° throughout

Record of the number of days on whi

the year—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MEADE, FORT, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

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MCAS cin je:2,c dsc wipe era ieden

 
140 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Record of the number of days on which the maximum temperazure equaled or exceeded 90° throughout
the year—Continued.

SULLY, FORT, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. |Sept.} Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
ASTD: ctecaia se sictawtesememiacatenn sare siomteniil sacisicte| seen 0 0 5 10 5 1 0 0 O} le ecaceos
1816) oso sieieweriemiigoeaesd 0 0 0 0 2 8 13 9 0 0 0 0 32
IST ose ccstiyeeeecseeesean 0 0 0 0 0 4 14) 13 6 0 0 0 37
UR7S) os)22 seen eemrencesanas 0 0 0 0 0 3 14} 10 2 0 0 0 29
PSTD) isaiarccais emai ees ceaenns 0 0 0 0 0- 4 10 8 0 3 0 0 25
VS BO acta acctaie cemeosien eetrere oss 0 0 0 0 5 5 12} 11 1 1 0 0 35
TBS V cxrgena edn wee Gscetscreconinee 0 0 0 0 1 2 12| 14 1 0 0 0 30
BBD iri cou otter one veecanemonecieis 0 0 0 0 0 1 7{| 20 10 0 0 0 38
VWSSB i eyzd evsorn seer dosiveasectuscise 0 0 Oo} Oo 0 4 6} 10 4 0 0 0 24
GBA oc crcvens eee ene eeal es 0 0 0 0 0 12 7] 1: 5 0 0 0 35
USSD: occ, asics wee aneececeeeai: 0 0 0 0 0 3 18 5 5 0 0 0 31
VS86) . oz. occ eeebeme sexs 0 0 0 0 1 4 21 1|,18 3 0 0 0 AT
ASST eas: vex seseeeeredeceess 0 0 0 1 3 5 13 3 2 0 0 0 27
1888 ces ston seve sso imes bese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0
W889) esc sewes sete ccjeu eh ee mals 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 | 12 3 0 0 0 24
1890) axxivnees tenis erates ics 0 0 0 0 0 5 16 8 1 0 0 0 30
189M idence socwticinnat adaine 0 0 0 2 2 3 8] 14 11 0 0 0 40
Means ..----.--------- 0 0 0 0.2) 1 4 11] 10 3 0.2 0 0 29
VALENTINE, NEBR
TSR5. <osa-cscieseareie see dieste ees | sete ewer fomeqe s | ecic can leeiietelemicem esac seo |esreis ote 5 0 0 OI aiacoiar aes
VSG 5 ays anise catei at al avecnat este 0 0 0 0 1 1 16] 13 3 0 0 0 34
TROT cee cysiioiararata jeistarscelsea ters 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 3 1 0 0 0 14
1S Sr ive arae eee e me aanaias 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 3 We eerie 0 Ol cdumaes
RRO earch ciataler dre avewinepemediaas 0 0 0 0 0 3 6| 13 3 0 0 0 25
1890 c.ciss mais or eRe hamenmieals 0 0 O| .0 1 5 12 5 2 0 0 0 25
EDO De saceraess wea cieetaabicne escent Sore 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 10
MONS). .)cc52ce6-e8eese8 0 0 0 0 0.5} 4 8 7 3 0 0 0 22
ST. VINCENT, MINN.
aaa ene Beleuals 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 | snccicews
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 0 11
0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 OF Nacteeiss ees |ssincetal ie ed aettrete 0 0 0 (1) eee
0 0 0 0 0.2) 1 2 0.8) 0.1) 0 0 0 4
SISSETON, FORT, S. DAK.
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0 0 0 Oe epee eed eterll erty OF eseslecease 0 0) | nchieiencee
0 0 0 0 0 0 Do  apstersraysl tasers sty 0 0 O? | araterrceiess
0 0 0 0 Ob. asec Oe ratetaneds 0 0 0 Os iccrnctcee
0 0 ON einer 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Ol enceveas
0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Oo; oO 2
0 0 0 0 0 2° 2 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0|70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 8 9 1 0 0 0 18
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 10
0 0 0 OF snocest saccadic wad pecanesl gaceeallexesce [sine ced esses beeen
0 0 0 0.1, ON 0.5 2 2 0.4, 0 0 0 5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*
141

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATMRES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Record of the number of days on which the maximum temperature equaled or exceeded 90° through-
out the year—Continued,

YANKTON, 8S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Apprnpix No. 63.

Dates of first and last killing frosts.

NORTH DAKOTA.

 

 

  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  

Stations. Season of — ey ae

Bismarck: jsise os wssscancosa weeded etisinsed earerae aeely 1881-1882 | Sept. 15 | May 23
Hort: Butord ss. e sie ss oes oc ewe eto eas oes Sa 1881-1882 | Sept. 17] May 23
BiSMaPek as5 oct vases eciasy cheese wens warsaisinie bens wae teld omecie cee eee wecatie cate 1882-1883 | Sept. 23} May 11
Port: BuLord ec sccce don sekeenay see aaca eas seinemien Glen Chem atmoneet see eee Seca 1882-1883 | Sept. 9} June 2
PBISMIAT OK yoo ora cite c ok Aheuielannsiee's See lacie Suatvade 2a aden SaGeeueasadtsitecomeaamete 1883-1884 | Sept. 8) May 1
Fort Buford.........-.------------- sees ccteyOele 1883-1884 | Aug. 22 | May 5
BISMARCK 4. 22igenaeehscie ae ted ey aeee oem aoa Gee ook Gee se eeinas She Adena uemneees 1884-1885 | Sept. 27| May 9
Fort: Butord «2.0: sec nccwexe dees oeedagaceces wees 1884-1885 | Sept. 30 | May 11
Fort Totten: 5... sssoec2 suey dee e eeeeeeseent sai oe vee eames one G6 8s ceeeeceamandiogs 1884-1885 | Sept. 30 | May 17
BisMatele o. ovew yess ss vines doe eee eeacuees sete veuekeagwene gh ek su eeeeeeiues Se 1885-1886 | Sept. 1] May 15
Fore: Butor Qiseccediccricces suse be gamid aie wares é aly cerskbabeunseaeswene veces wees 1885-1886 | Sept. 1] May 14
MOVE LEO EGO scarciage fos fon ernie ses cc srssees whack Oat anys exctareet seh zag Mans igiesie a die eae eget 1885-1886 | Aug. 25 | June 7
Bismarck .... . 1886-1887 | Sept. 18 | May 17
Fort Buford 1886-1887 | Sept. 16 | May 17
Fort Totten 1886-1887 | Aug. 31 | June 24
DISMAL -.,2¥)0.50.2eeeidae cnet eGrancecece Vater eoskcay Tuas awe ctkawas uees ees aice ake 1887-1888 | Sept. 15 | June 6
Fort Buford 1887-1883 | Sept. 15 | May 16
Fort Totten 1887-1888 | Sept. 15! June 1
BISMANGK cases aos oak = Se meteateeh tse seek Baw aioe cin, tis seen anes eae 88-1889 | Sept. 12] May 14
Fort Buford 888-1889 | Sept. 25 | May 9
Fort Totten 1888-1889 | Aug. 17 |......2...
ISM ATG i. srseteiessssisre bors siaGeecmeaeresoe 6 see eusins aaa nc dee eeeeeeeSeet aus bone ose 1889-1890 | Sept. 26} May 15
Davenport. oc sais arsiccrccjore sinteieratetisrcicves deg Sete eintiark ayela sajeu eipteje leis la weiemmlane See See 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 21
Fort Buford 1889-1890 | Sept. 11 | May 26
Port Notes: 2 ccc ccocsis s aes sweden beaten eS EES Hea cmidaltics e ceem ne whalaajene: sis 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 15
Gallatin.......---.- -| 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 17
Grand Forks 1889-1890 |..2.2. 2... Mar. 21
Na DOlCOM so: japan ioisic ois Snictase-s a nssisgseioersseibids 6 eduie neceia aus amas aeetoloe ater waite eae aed 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 |...2..0...
New England City 1889-1890 | Sept. 5| Mar. 26
Seeley chs cecews cases sete woteassh ies skies these oe se secnasaanegen ses pankins 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | Mar. 17
Wall petonias sien pecaeeonss ie ene eeisae ee ee ve eee one os ack eae ea anseem meee 1889-1890 | Sept. 14; Mar. 18
BisMarel’ vs c2ca seis 12 sceee Goesneess ice grad eee SLs Sab Sacn one wsec ie vee aadaenn 1890-1891 | Sept. 138 | May 5

1890-1891 | Sept. 12 | May 15

1890-1891 | Sept. 12 | May 25

1890-1891 | Sept. 13 |.......2..

1890-1891 | Aug. 22 }..........
NG POlCOD «oo oon news cintareu esa mason scene tae seme nsicee sane salves ecesy wee e codes 1890-1891 | Aug. 4| May 25
New England City 1890-1891 | Sept. 13 |..........
DCCL Eo iayaidimisiciese cine adresse etiatand aie eee aie nulS Ra aS Se 1890-1891 | Sept. 8 |..........
Walpeton, 5 c22 cc isieieissisicsan,ceineis sidesiiasinnes Stee scan andi sen emien siable viele Saedicieal 1890-1891 | Aug. 22] May v5
Wald Rice cc scot ceinpen et aiod ces ans senbsadieeindie tics a e2 edema annua ek cele oeaee 1890-1891 | Sept. 12| May 3
HOrb Vales x x25). cacccstce. geese dag cee we aid iaicinisie Scie sae alee Se ais gee 5 See 1890-1891 | Sept. 12} May 25

 

 

 

 
Aprrenpix No. 64.

Dates of first and last killing frosts.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

 

 

  
  
 
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

Stations. Season of— ae 2 a

POrb BennSttixiwcesccixe cc omem cans ciow sma cios ee seiee Ramee wie dene eiet lanieewen eee eeed 1881-1882 | Oct. 13} May 22
Huron ...--...---..----- 1&k1-1882 | Oct. 91) May 22
Yankton seesec sceecexece 1881-1882 | Oct. 16 May 23
Deadwood .......-- Ble teense 1881-1882 | Sept. 30} May 23
Fort Bennett icc. nc éccicc eons cic ctesseeccc ea ecocens 1882-1883 | Oct. 16! May 12
Huron ........--..-- 1882-1883 Sept. 21 Apr. 30
Yankton -. 1882-1883 | Sept. 23 | May
Deadwood ..-.-..----... 1882-1883 | Oct. 10}; May 15
Fort Bennett..-......... 1883-1884 | Oct. 14 | May 1
UPON 3s 5c sores sew nidinjs Sinn 1883-1884 | Sept. 8; May 2
Vanktone ores ian daw svssie oe ais | 1883-1884 | Oct. 2] Apr. 23
Deadwood .......-.....--- | 1883-1884 | Sept. 21| May 6
Fort Bonnett...-....--..-- 1884-1885 | Sept. 30 | Apr. 24

UPON. sicsiss vows ware see sees 1884-1885 | Oct. 8] June 22
Namktottice sos sustiec nsec cc 1884-1885 | Oct. 21) May 10
Deadwood .........--..- 1884-1885 | Sept. 30 | June 16
Fort Benneit........-.-- tae 1885-1886 | Sept. 4
Haron rege cee caenietaeava | 1885-1886 | Sept. 1/ May 6
Fort Sully ..........-...-- - -| 1885-1886 | Sept. 4/ June 3
Yankton ..-....-.--..----- . -| 1885-1886 | Sept. 5 | May 16
Deadwood ......--.--...-- -.-; 1885-1886 | Sept. 1| May 16
Huron .... 1886-1887 | Aug. 31} Apr. 25
Deadwood ; 1886-1887 | Sept. 25 | Apr. 24
Fort Sully . | 1886-1887 | Sept. 30
Yankton: shoxe semen vain vce | 1886-1887 | Oct. 1) May 4
Deadwood ............------ 1 1887-1888 | Oct. 9
Garden City | 1887-1888 | Sept. 15 | May 14
Highmore.........2...2----- | I8x7-INS8 | Sept. 15 | No rec’d.
Huron ....... 1k87-1888 | Sept. 23 | May 16
Rapid, Clty vc cccsasieseniesesecac 1887-1888 |....-.-... May 18
Mort: Say" 2 scart 2 a2aee eeeisona dade eeeae 1887-1888 | Oct. 9| Apr. 7
Woonsocket 1887-1888 | Sept. 19] May 16
Yankton ....- 1887-1888 | Oct. 11] May 12
Huron ....... --| 1888-1889 | Sept. 12 | May 2
Rapid City .........--..22-22...- 2 deeeee § -| 1888-1889 | Oct. 2| May 15
Hort Sully: ss vecens cecaemevceecestenc smite 1888-1889 | Sept. 29| May 2
Yankton ..- 1888-1889 | Oct. 2] May 3
Aberdeen .. 1889-1890 }....2...-. June 7
Alexandria... .. 1889-1890 | Sept. 16} May 16
Brookings ..-.. 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 16
Canton ...-.... 1889-1890 | Sept. 17
Clark ...2...-.- 1889-1890 | Sept. 17| May 16
De Smet ..-.... 1889-1890 | Oct. 14
Etta Mine....-. 1889-1890 |....2. 2-2. May 12
Flandreau .-..-- 1889-1890 |.......-.. May 17
Fort Sully -...-. 1889-1890 | Oct. 17| May 15
Highmore..-..... 1889-1890 |......--.. May 19
Huron .........-... 1889-1890 | Oct. 5| May 15
Kimball io.scscccnuuace teen sxeveckes 1889-1890 | Oct. 5 | May 15
Millbank........... 1889-1890 |..-....... May 5
Oelrichs ......... 1889-1890 |..-....... May 15
Onida...- 1889-1890 |.......... May 25
Parkston..-......--.. 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 15
Rapid City........22. -| 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 13
Roscoe.-......-...22... .| 1889-1890 | Sept. 17
Spearfish -....... 2... .. 1889-1890 | Sept. 15 | May 15
Mermillion o.. essjs opeawsiee sees coche ocncuc iaargeddsoa ahclaes othe i --,{ 1889-1890 |...222 222. May 7
144

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

Dates of first and last killing frosts—Continued.

SOUTH DAKOTA—Continued.

 

Stations.

Season of—

Last

frost.

 

NNO aa lost olia eee a see tenn ora eee aaaio Bete panies

Yankton -.- :
Aberdeen ....

‘Alexandria.....--.-2-.-s0---
BrOOKINGS sce ssudcawewann ewes icind

  

GWM, sShanads necalncule busi talc usanechpunawiaer au eenese Pee
Clave Simadisicis see cette bese ace was ala Padina SiebiaaaNene Aaa cutavewan Pe meeeaanes sarc:

OVS Me a6: xr ie cists ceiats egse bis, eles eine eh esier Bie eneis dee aes ne. 5 od dhe. Serometiheereeereeie awk we
Fort: Rantlalll.s. 22's: 25 se usiisieeeer edie: adc 2 obedience epee ee’ scusacobareais

Fort Sully ss so vs deca va ve eciewansens se oe ae Se eeae eectiee nese
Highmor@ eaewae 0 2s 0 vehsasis nastier gees sd tate een eestor: oe piesaawaary
Howard ess ss seca cite a tcas\ au de sie ua vemeeuwa ced dae oie oe Se diskeeeseawesices

Huron .....

Millbanke:ca0 fe secanuoee dese ticntas ae cecla one
Onda... as sa ee xa as

Oelrichs .....

Rapid City......-...-
~ St. Lawrence........-.-.--

SOTA NGO 552g, sis 5,5. alse deve ancieumeicieusincsie. tee

Sioux Falls.
Spearfish...
Vermillion .

 
 
   
 

 

yaa i aeseegeeig 9 oe rete iam dee et ego ms eaaow ee

 

‘WOI8OY" ssisckion ss se ve aslemed anions chee cae sepia se
"WOOns0Cke bic sats smpidcow tine se cin ehapbsioeionmsiadtenten 4

Yankton ..--

,

-| 1889-1890

--| 1889-1890
-| 1889-1890

---} 1890-1891
-| 1890-1891

---!| 1890-1891
---| 1890-1891
---| 1890-1891

-| 1890-1891

---| 1890-1891
-| 1890-1891

-| 1890-1891
-| 1890-1891
---| 1890-1891

-| 1890-1891

*7| 1890-1891
"| 1890-1891
-| 1890-1891

 

1889-1890

1890-1891

1890-1891
1890-1891
1890-1891
1890-1891
1890-1891

1890-1891

1890-1891

1890-1891

1890-1891
1890-1891

 

 

May
May
May
May
May
May
May
Apr.
May
May
May
May
May
May

May
May
May
May

May
May

May

May

 
Apprenpix No, 65.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages at stations in North
Dakota.

ABERCROMBIE, FORT, N. DAK.

* [Letters prefixed to records indicate the number of days of observations missing, thus the letter d shows four days not recorded.]

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.|July.| Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Aunual.

 

 

31 38 46 67 80 98 90 17 54 40 68
30 38 47 70 86 91 94 78 70 50 70
33 37 41 83 938! 99M. “OB tee Sick ee alles differen ates Spee

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30 34 41 83 90
35 33 47 70 96 101 94 82 57 34 71
30 38 32 76 96 96 85 81 49 35 67
29 36 41 60 75 93 80 78 50 32 65
39 31 42 80 | 102 94 98 | 79 67 46 72
17 24 45 65 93 90 98 90 59 47 68
36 27 48 80 90 100 79 72 50 42 69
38 48 50 72 84 90 92) cteewleveweebereseglocen sone
33 35 43 3 89 95 96 95 89 78 61 40 | 69
e
BATHGATE, N. DAK.
SOU cepa meats metic ogee ec NU Sec ued poe man homme beetle) accel been cic ae cetis 70 60 AL, |osce ee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

85 82 58 55 68
78 74 67 43 72
92 67 56 56 71
91 70 60 48 72
81 88 66 36 71
82 80 63 44 7A
90 71 63 60 72
94 67 50 38 70
92 73 60 Be 71
81 81 64 45 70

8, Ex, 157-—19 145
146 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

BISMARCK, N. DAK.—Continned.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. ;Annual.
95 80 51 53 71
92 81 58 47 Té
85 qs 73 47 7A
93 79 59 5T 12
93 86 63 42 76
88 84 70 64 75
92 78 63 46 3
83 78 61 49 72
97 96 fe ennien 60 eee nsee
88 76 57 BO Vacninrn was
71 78 67 45 74
99 18 78 40 74
90 88 59 49 76
90] 75| 53] 47 73
97 85 48 48 73
84 80 60 43 70
96 380 57 39 72
82 19 59 50 68
76 74 62 42 69
89 qa 65 Wy 70
TW 52 60 45 Nh ecaa xmas
95 95 62 40 75
85 TT 61 46 74
87 70 58 51 74
100 65 55 46 74
91 74 58 46 73
80 86 62 57 T4
90 718 58 59 73
86 85 57 45, 76
89 80 68 45 75
93 76 54 58 69
87 89 61 44 T5
91 80 65 56 T4
87 75 68 47 72

Means ........---.----| 43] 45] 58] 78] 86] 95] 98] 97] 88] 79] G1] 48 "73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHURCHS FERRY, N. DAK.

 

IBOD s eect ne ts dccmeaelluand cial duceds| tans aahkacees| aseee 86 83 90! | 2'2c sl ase erlesseesl | deemcalexemaees

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DAVENPORT, N. DAK.

 

GOD ah totednceeh og uepeee ee 41; 41) 45] 83] 89/ 90] 100! 94] 90| 79]....-.[......].--.--.-
as: BU, | Sel) Uae Fal be etch caceniliests ase eset eect

Gs 23a avetets eerey <li ce 90 92 92 De | aao.2.22 | ccwmecle seca Meg ees beeen ces

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

147

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

DICKINSON, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. |June.|July.| Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
TBO4 osetia ei ciits cei steeacalessd cel cise ced aes cele eee beeees|eeeeeg eels ed] ee ees eosin | sees 71 45 |..---2--
ELLENDALE, N. DAK
IS90 2 36 oa cee sett tie | sahes le Goce le namechateactlecaee absaad ee) wisece ln ok ee earn eeeeemy eeaiceal BBs eseiteices
1894 oo Dewees suka se sanes 48 41 54 88 95 96 89) 100 96 76 62 44, 74
Means dc vies c-taig Hee u call aeistees |e rscing oes y teenie wo| ae see sl Seca <e| see eic'| seyelen] ose] seeced| seit ee AS: | ose sees
|
FARGO, N. DAK
1898 oo oe Sg sccee ne vdicoss Resins ee aaeel pecueiclaceses fesse 95 84 95 92 79 62 Ab las eis ete
GALLATIN, N. DAK.
72 82 96 | 102 98 96 80 60 A): | sisicexigin:
82 84 96) 102] 100 90 84 62 50 72
90 92 94 84 98 96 i 64 42 72
Means wc. cxews 8 scceee 389 40 47 81 86 95 96 99 94 76 62 44 72
GRAFTON, N. DAK.
WS91, JeareneiSiquad sence sce 46 BOO Seslese tee 91 84 85 92 88 71 61 AA ee eee
GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.
1890 cst oceeenesy Mesos Cheeta Sagas aasee 82 81 O91) TOE | ecee elec zee 76 63 AS) fico cee
NSOL sees suman seserosesee 43 do: |swsesleecnnaleeisce OF lee news 92 8T lseeeex 61 G5) | oeae eiees
MCAS s2isctecsreweicles we ceieci sis icistel ze xiaves pacimrcies laren anil oe 96: | ccna ccmancleceacaleacccs 62 AG), | secu. caes
GRAND RAPIDS, N. DAK.
ABS sai daterel sls orice Sars clef Heigl dai’: [kai cain feaisle' gia ereeiel| Aslal sie afiancle Gees 95 | 102 97 77 65 Ae) |e soe Sues
HOPE, N. DAK
TBON eect siereccee Secs osaee sSeecas eeceaslesace Meccan eeaiigs 90 88 93 85 7 GS! | ecco cd coe sists
My .
JAMESTOWN, N. DAK
DSO ss Sake Sehentanes ste cbt pe aecl| ee eee chaste ah Necro [emeesiape tne eaters Bas iat estate [melee tee Nee Nk oot
KELSO, N. DAK.
1890 recess eect ooinid te ete soeaeel ee aacelenuase inh eed untae antese 94 95 85 77 60 62: | eeciecze
DSOTs or il ord caustic sateen ee 45 35 47 89} 92 94 90 93 92 72 64 48 72
Means: 2 cci- fie sie neneiess s|eeewes |eeeerzalfecsaci Lassie lineaves lease 92 94 88 74 62 BO leeks

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
148 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

DAKOTA, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

VSG: ccecasicisraissemnreinrerorare niece [osreictaney| oaiinic sl paadicins|| arejcieidl| aa aeiere 98 81 OF: aires 15 57 4D. | sraniacainn s
LEECH FARM, N. DAK.

1888 wesneneseers dccesgslitectee sce leeacce|emetaa|, OL 72 97 94 95 95 88 79 5B) veseientes

1889 nay acesesinicislegarcronrreleieies 42 40 68 83 91 92 96 95 95 73 58 44 73

1890 sciaarvecinneianaciaaingecneis 41 41 45 83 89 90 | 100 94 90 1D) | stctaverasal| Sciahcctat stevens

MOAI 2 sore cats scneecmee 41 40 56 79 84 93 97 95 93 80 68 51 73

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PE A ac coe saat ed edged mol veel easel aadeodl eee lnc | BS ocisercuets
NAPOLEON, N. DAK
i

Peg ia ee ean aeaeesslae Sel ef cecal acl ee 98| 96] 105| 96| 82] 59! 49\........
He eee ahidicaaneee oe aj | a2) ant eo |... 95| o9| 101| 87! 78} 67| BT Inses-s
ee ee 47| 42} 42! 90] 92] 92] 85] 96] 92] 72| 58] 38 6
iia cysiael Staaicctien ie ae a ee 95| 93| 101| 92} 77/| 61| 46 73

NEW ENGLAND CITY, N. DAK.

; °
EO arte ere sal 43| 661 85 80] 104] 97] 101] 961 95] o1| 5ol........
AGO occ oetges cies ee, can 42| 48] 60{ 87 87| 88| 102| 99] 87] 80) 66| 58 B
Pict oe ee Be SE Be Wenccedocant eccanclScsanatieeuns Bsc glee cafe ae Ieee sone
Mee oo 50| 45/ 61| 86 84/ 961 100| 100) 88| 82] 64| 54 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 149

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

PEMBINA, FORT, N. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

POWER, N. DAK. e

 

svisees,| se Seen 94 88 94 94 18 69 45 |-.-.----

 

 

 

 

Saisie sews see gies [ar eyelincemst leotexeleeereilncemen 46. | seas owes
73 83 86} 103 97 87 70 70 35 70
82 85 97 99 | 102 84 81 58 54 7
64 39 97 | 102} 100 99 81 54 36 70
76 91 98 9D: | escasilecon es eaoead| eee soos 0. aoe Series
74 87 94] 100} 100 90 77 61 42 70

 

 

sraicearaygil wineries ateretaiaie 107 | 100 72 57 60

sseietes 90] 101} 102 98 82 80 68
73 89 97} 110) 103 90 73 54

74 30 94} 104 98 96 39 70
87 97] 102} 108} 102} 106 83 54
2 92 90] 101 94 92 386 67
70 90 94} 102} 109 79 TA 64

 

70 75 90} 103} 100 97 1D) asissen|nanineel semeee cs

 

 

14 86 95} 102] 101 91 TW 62 46 73

 

RICHARDTON, N. DAK.

 

64 71 16 88 88 91 18 380 68 AL cece

48 70 80 83 95 94. 97 719 56 59 70
52 76 87 88 | 104 | 106 ]...... 80 538 BD» | ereiorsnicin
D2: | georex'| szeees i ee SA: |awwems 78 70 A RS ciciaineis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54 72 81 89 96 94 37 79 63 44 70

 
ST. JOHNS, N. DAK.

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North |
Dakota—Continued.

 

Jan,

Feb.

Mar.

Noy.

Annual.

 

Bisa ate.

 

53

 

 

60

 

 

41

 

 

 

30
42
27

37

 

35

 

 

 

SPI

RITWOOD, N. DAK.

 

82

40

 

STEEL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 151

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

TOBACCO GARDEN, N. DAK.

 

Nov. | Dec. | sina,

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. Jay Aug. | Sept. | Oct.
1882 . 81 90 93) 102 99 64 55 OT Nis eeisie-as
1883 BS las ame telsteinte 8 wsiciae cs jorane seas | eimete ase [aise wa | a wieinie eee tieimieie

 

 

 

82s necltsecs, | prose ae ae teats |e

 

 

 

 

 

A869 ve semeue soglecss erie ee = [Su eeiss lecewes leo gedioe cee eecizasl sais] -seems 94 87 70 76 30 |..-..---
1870 88 98 91 90 86 80 60 48 70
1871 39 89 97 96 86 74 45 36 66
1872 7 94. 99} 100 86 17 40 36 64
1873 74 93 92 93 83 81 58 40 65
1874 97 94 98 90 95 19 51 36 70
1875 . 83 81 90 89 84 84 50 46 63
1876 81 89 94] 105 76 U4 68 34 67
1877 80 85 89 90 92 66 60 49 66
1878 ... 68 89 93 94 87 Tz 57 39 68
1879 WY 87 94 93 81 90 56 40 69
1880 85 84 86 82 81 79 50 37 65
1881 86 82 95 95 83 64 45 49 65
1882 73 85 91 94. 93 69 49 32 64
1883 76 | 104 88 88 92 Th 53 40 66
1884 82 94 87 94 88 86 62 43 68
1885 86 88 93 86 96 79 44 43 67
1886 86 88 95 | 103 81 80 63 37 70
1887 90 91 90 84 81 68 70 41 68
1888 76 93 88 94 87 78 59 54 68
1889 82 95 96 97 98 82 58 36 74
1890 1 93 98 95 87 13 BG spa corkya'| te raietan

82 90 93 93 87 76 57 40 67

 

 

1B91. cece ewes cenesseds yee sess] lessee) eek vl asia see saise sel sees oe se eecc seecaz |esteees 94 72 62 AO Ae stasis

 

 

AB | vcwomaes
45 4

 

49 wis)

 

 

OF | esos
42 | cc sowas

AS eric ecuass

 

 

 

 

 

ABOL see wwieacciuincce sesesace [Pease eoeeclliencimacesincs|oseecaleanapel souees 94 92 75 45 42 | secsoeee

 

 

1BOL ose eicannentalesee tele dacallys atlas alesis Satellite eaten beiceerl| uot | ecwen|oeeees 719 64 OU aeeeses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
152 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

YATES, FORT, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May.| June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | Nov. | Dec. ;Annual.
1882 ...... ine ieioe hapa leem bate 46 56 54 78 81 92 96 | 102 99 74 57 63 76
BSS ec itera pl ncosiencte i creettey a 43 47 65 17 85 | 108 98 96 96 78 64 55 16
ASS 5 icin wa pacterioceeegyciicteae 42 49 56 70 83 97 96 96 90 89 68 52 74
ABSD! isda tees storetanise accra 45 49 56 16 89 93 97 97 98 87 58 56 15
TB BC i ojeicetancie, site aac tenee 35 63 67 81 98 96 | 107| 106 95 85 61 40 18
TEST casacexidevenenasseamams 29 46 54 88 92] 101 99 95 acess 81 76 AB on Spa
AS8Bin2rnedaasnas saheateewees 50 47 49 83 76 | 100} 102] 101 95 82 59 64 76
B89). ois teandaveiesdciacacthen 53 52 72 81 85 99 99 | 102 97 84 67 52 79
1890 \sesconase ran nee he ceeee 57 54 58 86 87 97 | 100) 101 92 81 val 53 78
ASOT jaicddicwsieraa cusses 52 47 58 96 95 93 88 | 103 98 78 68 46 T7
Means) 522 sscereseees 45 51 59 | 82 87 | 98 98 | 100 96 82 64 63 W7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota.

ABERDEEN, 8. DAK.

 

 

1890) nccnndacaciecenien meme meee] omeces |anawe 47 89 93 96 | 108] 100 88 82 63 BT steele
189D cniveorw sexevieercer veces 48 39 50 87 90 94 88 | 103 97 79 65 39 3

 

MGSN8 522 ecjaccisieauigrrieisc fasion eawiows 48 88 92 95 | 96} 102 92 80 64 on eee

 

 

 

 

 

ARMOUR, S. DAK.

 

BBO ic sjetstatainteis iaraiergrslgessiviedeicine Il navemieee lei eie ui, fowieseatfareicielors 89 98 98 OF |scence| erences

 

BANGOR, S. DAK.

 

ISON aici, ca cietaisiess ademas meee eel Raat eters eee eertaae 96) lea Scecealaoaaes

pete e lew ee eel eee ele ee coee

 

 

 

1880) cocictcasesnsws-sowicce | eomeae|atmces [pceene| eoncan| new ece [sence [soe apninealiaseicay 90 63, 5O]........
BSI: coctoe ceed at ean onis 44 43 56 15 92 98 | 101] 104 91 72 65 62 vis9
ABBE eis cree scandal ace yee 55 63 18 86 82 90 94) 104 95 16 58 57 78
SBS s52.d ashe cc ytaseeas 47 60 72 78 85 97 | 100 98 95 83 63 56 73
Phra i he a is nha Grae as 49 50 71 74 86 97 97 98 92 85 70 58 17
DSB ad encoun seas 49 51 63 78 87 90 | 102 97 94 83 A ee ropera (inne
L890 sco seth th eceetansteioe 46) 55] 68] 89] 91] 102] 107] 106} 91] 86] 75] 61 “81
Ocenia ae eras aes pth 55 43 57 95 96 95 96} 108] 103 Be ieisd acyl teeta | oad we oe

Means ices scieciccececcce 49 52 66 82 88 96 99 | 102 94 82 64 57 18

 

 

eeaives| sexe: 96 82 65 40 |.......-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

153

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

BROOKINGS, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.|July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
95 | 101 94 93 82 69 BB: | sie cisieinyone
93 98 97 89 76 60 58 74
90 94 99 91 74 68 56 74
89 88 | 100 98 80 62 52 5
92 95 98 93 78 65 56 15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

bf
CASTLEWOOD, S. DAK. a
ISO] caesse sccsanacsrmonscemn|incinwds' |e seese saci lace secliecwoss| sence [sexo 99 96 82 61 DO joacan einen
CLARK, 8. DAK
1B80r oo ee ne Seen etmase atte eee wel atee ae lenieaeel Meee teers = |hiertces, 100 | 100 92 85 57 DD \leciore ine
44, 50 59 85 93 95 | 105 29 91 19 64 54 76
50 46 55 87 | 102 90 93 | 100] 100 82 63 48 76
Means ....----.------- 47 48 57 86 98 92 99 |} 100 94 82 61 52 76
parse 96 SO llsatee| | M4 las welts cele
86 90 88 81 78 OUT sieea, see
saeio 8 93 SF jesraes AG? leita line is, ecihe,
DAKOTA CITY, 8. DAK.
1886 soccer eeeiecis ees Scie eSeiceull close e [usin |ce skies 86 ewer [seco | eee eeplea core |Wadco sl sacdes|aceccetnscedens
DAKOTA, FORT, S. DAK.
TSGG: solace ease Sides sicrss ae Seles ae | Mcigving!| welselse feutelares | gecielealeststec pis. Seabees] Aevereieis)| acts BOS eee ne Pile Seti a eae as
sissies aly sigvaevein als.fivayae ve! einre satsl| sere Sew few es lemibinie | roeedsa| steeec.c| cee ares 87 85 64 De Meaxo wees
TEGO! se accent Glasemiys Gis ase Soe 40 39 63 69 GU |iSserccunta| secrets hate rath odds | mck eaet| Stoned tert baa yaaa enone
MGaNS! ioe eccan vessctes|mserag!|socenel occas | ee chee|tencec|poemeel seenenleseere scene) toocksl ccweeeds cmeeed meccaeele
‘ DEADWOOD, S. DAK
S18 sks otek ose aseedsesecals COL 59 66 65 68 | ewe weleeeden|seees azote. 68 By | eae nt
ISTO saoccc cee Saco wea | DO 53 7 71 81 92 92 92 84 63 50 |ogeeaser
A880 55 cacceteetineicacmeoaesees| |) OD 55 63 74 84 95 90 93 86 61 58 15
DOE iscinciedicece ee ae ae eee 58 65 82 80 95 | 102] 101 91 60 58 16

 

8. Ex. 15720

 
154

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South

Dakota—Continued.

DEADWOOD, 8S. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.|July.| Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
1882 cessive sscievececcresess:| 49 60 73 q7 70 82 88 93 85 70 56 51 71
A883 wecceiwsciusewssesessaxe| 62 62 70 59 73 90 389 87 71 66 66 59 71
A884) ccccsazsexecetcnesecec| 59 50 52 62 712 91 86 83 18 16 62 53 69
AOSD ar soi setrsaepieneee wcaitits 47 56 55 65 13 81 90 85 83 76 63 58 69
ASS86: wisiccicie wieraie ceisigienoacieines| 49 59 60 69 86 82 96 93 83 78 53 51 72
TBST) cece sstwimieesascecess) AB 58 65 73 80 92 90 88 80 15 64 49 72
Means ....---.---.----}| 52 57 64 70 7 89 91 91 82 74, 62 54 72
DE 8MET, S. DAK
1890 2 sciasiewisicwianwawasavorews 34 |...2-. 38 63 vel 82 85 82 q7 62 BS, | ieeieieie'| ea eke
ABO M ccse sons cet eteceactanaalsacace betes) Sec 1G! Sersiaien [eres mall vices |eocendl uaaced Saas) saecek eseees| Saas
Means ....-..-.-.-.---- | seb esse’ llonsie secsat|traysyoyele NO |rasincas lee pos al asec Weeder seeewe | aaioeieis | easeita leecete odessa
EGELAND, 8S. DAK.
ISON oo hace eecereae essen sande eeumseenirenn: [sacar 90 92 |... --- fone eee lee eee [eee eee [eee ee fee eee fee ee eee
“ELKTON, 8S. DAK.
1890 wecisccridsinetteeceieeccn|> “AE 41 i eee 84 87 91 98 92 18 56 AG. crs osSpaisis
< FLANDREAU, 8S. DAK.
1890 22... seceweecnacceressees|coasss[ediee on] sensi lomeces 93 94 95 98 91) 75 1D |e maul wewisieiniae
1891 eccvesiceenseaveseeeeees 52 44 52 96 93 91 90} 100 99 80 66 57 77
Rl ating ech idea waa [haa tas leew odonell Gages 93| 92} 92} 99] 95| 78| 70|...... Ss alien
FORESTBURG, 8. DAK.
1891... ce ccigsred bieeaeceeeae ts ead |eemeelbew ees ewes 90 90 94 98 99 82 64 56 lessees
FOREST CITY, 8. DAK
UOT os cinscasaysiayana Ssermicssie smeteio se auareifstetasecaiall cidsereee Sil crmiccaeinll Siaiwie oie srermresualllciwire ove 94) 112] 107 95) [sckcnial sescelesa ete
FRANKFORT, 8S. DAK.
TSO oie since wine en sive ee inisneie te oes fereraiclnje loses eo eisae]] seine e'/evicren a |eemries llosewer'leaware 97 86 64 AD! | acta csraince
GARDEN CITY, S. DAK.
TRB eas enttacceseerideceains see acs lee ecedtieescc| tas cadllacaues [taeda homeealeeeaalinoanSae ccaunllemeed 88) |acesaes
TS88) 2. Sc.wnscam exaiee eee cee 40 46 39 65 71 97 97 Gas yore | seersice 57 5D? |keeaees
MOA) s:ewjue.sexesiedzs|beewas aeons need |aitisici| dete lee'lsmseceadeaaioea| sande ot oraclasccen|eenens AG! | occa cia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
GERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 155

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

GARY, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yeur. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.} Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
IB9L .osicace cs wcseies ceanies ox velecces | Se mniwy (ieemers| eamreb | shies | eee 92 97 | 96 | 80 61 50 | nara dim
GODDARD, 8. DAK.
108 96 95 90 62 56 | seeseces
GRAND VIEW, 8. DAK.
TSS ass fcuinien secures semuiieiee xb |stats Gonece|eeeac| cwenn|eeeeussoeeteleascodecanclseeecs 84 87 68) losses
HALE, FORT, 8. DAK
63 56 82 80} ‘91 93 96 | 103 87 93 76 38 80
60 65 64 90 96 91} 102} 103 89 86 65 49 80
38 50 46 78 91 97 94] 100 90 81 60 61 74
48 63 68 88 82 89 95 97 97 80 64 56 77
38 43 64 74 74 96 97 96 90 80 65 55 73
48 49 68 % 86 | eeeees|seees = |oedess leomses |savexeleneeselnssase loose ces
49 54 65 81 87 93 97} 100 91 84 66 52 WM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1886 so ccincswimsmiaiap as erie see sicnlleieo eu smaeicte | ewicieass Lae amanciiomlatari eecd |e laioca Paweedlea adil 81 58 OG; | cis cistvintais
UBST eos sje ewcewesionneen ee r---| 33 37 64 85 87 90 91 80.) eco cielle acaceiciel matoacsall naman mmare.ceia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1890 in siacsice tinnseciieewnen: seen fet anad| eked) weeinas| sebesnteeneenl seeeainl Semaas 100 94 76 65 ee
1891) ctscsksecseeteeecsevsees| D8 44 52 |..-..- 90 87 89 95 98 82 64 5D! |x avers
MOONS jciszsie ssesey'e'se |e eeaieal see eeslleseees|aceaee|seeeesl seeave|aeeees 98 96 79 64 Bb, | aca cues

 

 

 

HURLEY, 8. DAK.

 

L888 evsrwceessescncnccccaoe| <6 Ilecsieslexsunalleanseelhaccac ic cuiedl lak Ged axed eee] oveiabal te ce ue lgucamellvacaces

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
156 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South

Dakota—Continued.

HURON, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.'| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

Lisistciers aed erst tatetetell Hecceeare [ncecetae 91 96 88 74 65 BS | eicters soraisie

57 75 81 77 89 93 94. 93 81 63 50 15

48 70 79 79 94 99 91 88 77 62 57 74

44 65 72 83 94 90 89 96 82 67 54 73

50 64 15 86 89 98 89 91 82 55 53 73

60 65 83 96 90 | 104} 100 95 85 60 48 77

47 68 94. 92 97 99 91 389 78 76 40 74

45 50 80 74 95 | 102 96 88 79 66 63 73

45 70 84 90 98 | 104 97 92 78 62 55 76

45 50 84 92 94 | 103) 102 94. 79 70 54 76

46 50 87 92 92 90 97 96 82 62 55 17
49 63 82 86 93 98 95 92 80 64 53 15

KIMBALL, 8S. DAK
TBO Fo ainsi wc seepurendacinn gloss pecan ReSbeE levens| Mee eew a ees 99 | 109 99" | cieiess TE latin oilaicinnne oe dieads
1890! oc esemesceteceeseece! 45 56 60 82 91 97| 105 | 102 95 74 62 60 77
189] osvsenceumsinsestecssaxe| 156 44 51 87 94. 89 91] 103 98 84 68 56 T7
Means seevedseoees sees 50 50 56 84 92 95 | 102} 101 96 16 65 58 G7
LEAD CITY, S. DAK

TOT Shsicscienisee ea enna ters ails Se Gow cmosee esis ta ceed eeeee 81 92 85 86 02) | eat eocindeleeonleees
100 90 73 GOT [cigeeicsa

90 80 70 55 82

95 q7 65 56 78

96 81 65 63 78

95 82 68 60 80

7 if

90 90 73 DL: | sie

88 82 71 BO. isrcnieisrees

90 15 67 61 80

92 73 7 57 77

94 76 71 69 78

83 86 71 70 78

94 81 66 69 77

94. 82 60 53 30

87 82 72 52 30

93 5 55 55 76

91 86 64 66 77

87 74 70 73 80

96 80 76 56 78

91 80 68 61 78

7 MILLBANK, 8. DAK.
1890 sesemiumacay smeeE ee ios cs)sen cine [eee cel ace 60 87 98 98 | 106 97 85 78 GO | siecoicarasass
1891. cesvesqnusex eeeeeeeces 60 48 56 88 95 90 90 | 102 98 84 62 54 77
Means 22 se:2seores sess) sees ietere| cones 74 91 94 94] 104 98 84 70 57

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

[a7

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

MITCHELL, 8S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Annual.
VOOM fs aic ei tesedhavore where eva plete | Sarermvcba | ees este emiche sel ea Setare] werion'ineverces 88 94 94 84 65 63 |--------
MORRISTON, 8. DAK
reagan tnt ah ee | saalu | acc Ne vahanatat foc eel gl an eG ace Spell tas Ss [ia Sens AD | --wecersz
58 84 82 92 90 | 100} 102 93 95 70 AT 82
70 72 85 96 92) 102) 104 [oon -clemecee 66 5D | weeasicae
44 50 83 91 94} 100; 100 98 80 70 60 76
60 65 68 82 90 96 96} 96 RL 66 48 74
70 77 82 72 96 | 106 98 Th Ns cacanl peices ea eeas lees Bees
sensing 70 78 85 98 98 iin tue scie| oes ot levees seteac Yl eeretcees
60 70 80 86 93 | 100 | 100 90 86 68 51 78
OELRICHS, 8. DAK.
1200 .accne sevwes cadens ewenku | onevulee suse 69 78 A oe 104 | 104 93 81 70 Ut eae
ABOU ses 2tiatinsed vem sataeiaer 50 49 60 } 102 94 94 96 | 104 97 76 80 57 80
MGanS! cence sencets cell senses leees Se 64 90 Oe | leeisissea | 100 | 104 95 78 75 Oo aasae ees
OLIVET, 8. DAK
89 | 102 94 93 79 59 BG: ec nic ewes
91] 100] 103 96 81 74 52 79
94} 102 98 89 91 60 47 79
95 98 | 106 95 90 64 54 82
93 | 100 98 97 76 70 62 17
90 92 |} 100 96 80 OG: basaacnn|aarem iene
92 99 | 100 94. 83 65 54 78
ONIDA, S. DAK.
DBOD! ss sicictajerseieaieaag ecarete © 40 46 56 84) |) OO |. ae 104} 104L 88 84 GO les fect essalcar
1891 scweceee seasieee sexes 48 40 48 88 90 96 90 | 102 OB 80 72 41 76
Mean wisemecsw neve see 44 43 | 52 86 90 | aves 97 | 103 94 82 10! \aninivins lacisierwinis's
PARKER, 8. DAK.
189] seis ois seers cesy ccesideee ate 2|f sca) sames | sesesiec| aoe eal deems (easels 89 | 99 96 |..-.-.| 65 5D edad eee
PARKSTON, 8. DAK.
40 60 92 98 99 | 104 98 93 79 82 AS his 3 oles
52 52 82] 80 96 | 102 OF leaceealeien sa 78 65. lo cceceeais
54 IO secereee'sl a stesets 94) 100 96 90 SL. esinsss 66 | seexen. 2
58 56 82 88 92 95). ancccescellewed cicll aera aicies 10: sae stesee
46 48 82 86 88 92 98 96 84 72 54 76
54 57 84 88 94 99 97 93 81 77 61 78

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
158 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

PIERRE, S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May.|June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

NSO Seu. e Seat Quien cede cece] dae sieel ee ceaglaahece anooaeaaadsd | cemean 90] 104] 101 81 80 DG! |cdacieses
PLANKINTON, 8. DAK.

ISL eeseeuas ces cee aes peeulsecnse feeos od eeeeed [te eersileemens 90 39 98) | cereicit seme celewsoeatlisaas dlexeasents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEGI) aincaddadadtaapeauatesis hededleneaae 67| 87| 85| 100] 106] 104] 92} 71] 67) G6O}........
DGC Gatin aiindiadcentaeneed 56; 65| 75| 982/ 89] 90] 97] 103| 97| 75) 67| 57 79
AOE gees saulecesec cues 46| 60) 72| 70| 79|..... OF aca ete eata AM eee ee the sheaf oie
TG coasts eas 66} 59| 66| 84] 75] 99] 100] 91| 94] 79| 68| 68 738
TGO0), cree soa: ee Scckcae 57| 58| 69| 80] 82] 95] 100] 100| 94] 86] 72] 61 80
"1800 wcaic- best aadinw desc sean 56| 66| 68| 82] 90] 99} 99] 101| 92] 79} 5] 7% 82
TSU oe axe ae: 59| 55 | 64} 87] 88] 89] 92] 100] 94] 79| 77/ 60 79

Means ............-.-. 57| 60! 69| 82] 84| 95] 99] 100| 94| 78] 71] 64 79

REDFIELD, 8. DAK.

IOS cis a eet taccee nee aepalicccdul umes eeeeee Fi) BBN FOO: |r esos lewevesleonses [anenen | Leeiaoa | eee bes Laie

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 159

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

ROSCOE, 8S. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June. Suly.| Ang. Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

 

 

 

 

NB SD ve ssreis- ccc piaswininnigwinrmssrein Ssaieseil oiciceiains| Stats el [nine eDallleraceterate 75 | 103 106 108 91 48 [eeveceltewcedieece eee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SS staccato cette 2 | AE Saleen |g Ms | yor! 92] 80}... BS: | used.
ASQ Tw poo ccanse sant eawerte | 47 | 52/92) 80) 88) 92] 101 |..-22femenee 68| 58 ]........
NOOO a5 oy wean caw nwenlsed oivrdda dam elaoraanl uncecutwialas lie nwa eaceen TOE Wi esecrel eee ete BM decir cre
SCRANTON, 8. DAK 3
1800 eo xewo ico geeees 4o} 44] 60| 87| 941 971 100] 102] 89] 75] 66] 55 | 76
TSO Ue) pation teh acter BO! abit: FOB bce ccc aie So stata ews ale ene is
Means .....-...-.----- 45] 44} 58] 90)......)...-..).0022-].----- | = ean tenets ean eee
‘
SIOUX FALLS, 8. DAK.
HROO CSS pees eels hae EAE | See Is olla malt a 92} 96] 98] 87 | 74| 60] 52]...
SOL ssi dese cen ee ae 50| 43] 46/ 90 /.....-]...... s9| 90! 96) 82) 62] 5B Il,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
160 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South

* Dakota—Continued.

SPEARFISH, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May.|June.|July.} Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

1890 oem samsieeient nt cidieieiela 5D 62 66 76 83 96 | 105 96 88 78 69 71 79
189) sccccestewserssesiccagacits 5d 49 59 88 89 89 91 96 92 81 19 62 78
Means osccu.sonens sees 55] 56) 62] 82] 86] 92} 98] 96] 90] 80) 74) 66 78

°
*

 

SPRING LAKE, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ESOT) Royalties Sod intaanectomnides eae pater ase ot load po eal pee 104} 93| 95| 65] 62/........
VERMILLION, 8. DAK a
I abla ceealaseae cease amet emai lee Mpegs Sse |e Galas Vee eet toe BEN eens:
Pee ae GF TO EY SOE woel cee Sepa dlasmecs a ee
es 46] 69) 64] 76] 85] 90| 99] 95/911 84) 72| 58 7
ee ry a Bae BE BH BW se calves olagectac lactones GEN cece Actaaowan
G0 cece a5 58) 67] 80] 88] o7| Jor| 96 |... 27271... Sh
TRON: 2 ictassreitea beta es Atenerseerd 48 SB ees meet erpetas ve icicraicial|o @ sieve mmm cits leaarciere]| Saratovers lewtermucterapgene tei cs louvaosn
Mew pic chanvaacose'ce 47; 55| 62| 78|/ 87| 93| 100] 96 |...... a¢| 90) €4|....-...
WATERTOWN, S. DAK
TSO sxcs eeipeneeptpasecstssare cee Gaisaall oceinen ae aassbacies ededecdliaaigecelcs Saal ca seo eae 37| 48 |....... ;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 161

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

WEBSTER, 8S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. |June.| July.} Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

TREY. ws wis caee GY eis a pewedel Hes ctclee |e anise emae vellemeces 90 96 96 98 83 53 A, | erctare steisie
TRAD a ax eae a ene é f 60 8&3 80 95 | 108 | 100 | * 96 83 75 66 vis)
TAR. cosceat Geeclons uae 54 68 87 | 102 97 95 93 88 TD 61 1
ISNGt Se ce eetecieeeiaaet 5 : 70 79 91 94. 99 99 98 83 52 56 78
TRSG s,s cen eueeeegers 69 81 93 95 | 102] 106 97 85 63 44 78
TART scenic osewee casas : ; 70 91 94. 94 96 89 87 73 77 38 74
TBBR) oo cates Soaidse : 50 75 74 98 | 101 97 89 81 69 61 74
WRSO) scams cemete < 71 81 92 94 96 | 100 92 81 60 49 v6)
1890 wacee sna senses a 51 80 90 88 98 98 85 77 70 56 74
WSO ca cia uisiencinichs'se Ssihaiaie: Naeem f 47 BT | ccicealOapiaters 92} 104] 104 88 68 Dll aces ease
Means 22 s22 sexe exteenc: 44 49 60 80 87 94 98 98 94 | 82 66 53 75

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ISON 2. cis soee esas eo oeweceiee ace ecailea Stee [seca Wess Bl hein enccies 88 | 102 97 84 64 Do! Weta oa :

 

 

1888 yond idel Sok eae sees 40 40 |..---- TL |..---- 92 95 97 97 |-.----].----- 42

 

 

WOLSEY, S. DAK.

 

 

 

1389 a Soctteeeeae sas ores . 40 41 70 80 88 97) 105 96 90 74 60 50 74
44 48 52 82 96 95 | 104] 103 96 75 68 55 76

54 44 52 89 92 95 94] 102 99 86 64 47 7

MCAS 5.22 seeaeres eens . 46 44 58 84 92 96} 101] 100 95 78 64 51 76

 

 

84 80 99) 107 99 90 79 64 C3) ea seveme
88 92 99 | 104 99 ot 77 62 59 78
84 96 99] 105} 104 95 | 80 69 57 Tt

85 89 99 | 105] 101 93 18 65 60 17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

97} 101 95 85 71 56 79
93 87 89 87 65 62 73
93 93 82 77 76 54 76
96 93 89 73 57 | 57 73
94 97 92 83 73 55 T7
98 97 85 89 73 45 80
97 99 91 84 62 54 80
98 | 101 | 100 76 65 57 74
96 95 93 82 62 56 79
103 92 89 81 67 60 TT

8. Ex, 15721
162 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

YANKTON, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

1884 ....... sitesessaccee| 50 52 66 72 82 94 94 90 88 87 66 57 75
DSSB aici siaversrtintidisls sntbien sedis sare 50 53 66 77 86 92} 101 89 92 83 68 59 76
V886. cciscicsr.cieue vaisons ceincas 42 66 59 80 95 90 | 103 99 92 R3 70 49 WM
ISS) cisssveiccrsien arcane sesame sa 47 50 718 90 90 94 98 99 91 80 78 45 13
DS 83 wine ciicistafateivtainrassoewis Oe eisies 50 56 69 85 79 95 | 102 97 93 82 79 65 79
DSBS) osc sisvammievineidiateiersinterecbieiwin’ 47 56 72 81 94 93 98 96 88 80 60 60 WW
DBO o oia nie acre sdcrecienieccces 56 60 56 86 88 93 98 99 93 15 74 67 79
ISON oisiutlseosewcacws assis 57 42 49 bocca 389 90 86 94. 92 86 65 GL. |e cicsesaieie
Means ...........----- 50 56 66 81 87 93 97 96 91 82 68 56 WW

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in Nebraska.

HAY SPRINGS, NEBR.

 

I886: ssenieeesseeisene weecen's 50 63 68 78 93 |..---- 100 98 92 83 54 DO! ots Sica

 

TSO gencemeeaanse eee 50 57 15 85.| 86 92 99. 98 87 85 70 46 78
1888 cose se rcewnnen cena seen 55 56 69 85 79 99 | 101 86 94 76 70 63 78
1889 oie sl ercie ccrarateiviatercia see 49 56 67 78 82 93 | 104 98 95 84 64 64 73
TSOD cacrc gare mecrene oem cece 54 62 71 82 91} 102] 102 98 90 76 70 62 80
DSOL csrcsicetetseatake terete 47 49 58 87 90 89 90 97 94 76 78 55 76

Means ........---.---- 51 58 68 82 87 95 99 96 92 80 68 57 183

 

 

 

 

 

IS83) soos wietesernscdoniseseee belle incalatecieleteeleuece| cies Bhwees, 103 94 94 84 71 CO) |e cscrcses
1O84 wee cade sacisiesieisee need 51 56 |..-.-. 76 88 97 | 101 97 94 82 TB Nice. co|lstcciersaii
1BBD: csica senate morse nedence 4 55 55 69 77 86 89 | 100 96 96 88 74 74 80
ASRS! eae cieiiencrea ances cease! 56 val 73 76 95 92} 104} 103 89 88 72 57 81
ISOC: caiiccinasiescraceemacis esi 54 59 76 88 88 95 99 97 92 88 U7 50 80
A BSB! ape, cie dies = Liaw miciacas tine tRs| mieisiereie [AERA Least OO Heian acel me at ast ch cea ape en eal rahe eerie sil tae
I889) wens stecoremeseevigcs seen 55 64 70 82 89 96 | 106 99 97 87 67 66 82
1890) secs seccae snsbowe nc oeves 63 72 70 81 90 99 | 102} 100 93 80 T4 68 89
1894s cereeccicwe ee cbiinan seis euteies 54 46 58 87 87 85 89 96 95 79 81 57 76

Meane 25. csceiccne sccie 56 60 69 81 89 93 | 100 98 94 84 74 62 80

 

 

 

 

 

 

94 88 69 68 | ascocexs
93 81 59 61 80
93 87 1 52 79
99 |...... 80 O8iy ec gerciga
97 86 67 66 82
92 80 75 68 82
95 84 75 60 WW
95 84 7 63 80

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in Minnesota.

MOORHEAD, MINN.

 

TBST ccccinctese paces lssseeege 34 33 40 73 88) 86 95 92 83 69 48 43 65

TSB 2 a iiccargepicte steer siarmesweecion 33 49 50 63 76 85 88 93 88 71 48 36 65
W888 ioc ciscicrcicieieinie ices Segoe ss 37 40 44 74 72) 100 91 87 87 64 55 55 67
1884 oc ortocecte teases Beas 43 37 53 67 85 91 83 88 84 78 56 49 68
VS85 siadicceciscian stenwiais seis trecis 43 50 49 67 85 86 92 91 92 84 46 43 69
AS86, sxcrnaccietaneces Hee ens 32 50 59 84 86 89 94; 100 90 83 58 34 72

LO8T <r en era renee re ev nnes cone 30 39 46 86 95 95 95 84 84 4 71 36 69
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 163

~ Monthly absolute maximum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in Minnz-
sota—Continued.

MOORHEAD, MINN.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

= Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
S 40 76 a 98 95 95 87 at 65 54 69
68 82 87 90 93 96 94 78 59 Al 73

. 44 82 84 91 98 93 86 76 63 47 71

: = oe 48 91 91 95 83 96 92 719 62 47 72

= 49 17 84 91 92 92 88. 76 58 44 69

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

49 13 85 83 92 88 78 63 47 40 64
39 55 76 83 85 90 87 73 45 27 61
42 67 74 93 93 82 89 69 57 42 64
38 67 85 90 83 89 80 15 59 45 65
42 65 85 84 91 86 82 70 40 39 64
44 82 83 87 95} 103 84 82 58 36 69
45 83 96 93 89 88 85 71 69 43 68
41 TT 17 91 89 96 84 76 50 43 67
69 83 80 92 94 95 94 77 58 40 72
40 15 82 94 95 92 82 73 57 52 68
46 90 92 90 81 88 88 vel 63 46 69
45 74 83 89 90 91 84 74 54 41 66

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Apprnpix No. 66.
Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota.
ABERCROMBIE, FORT, N. DAK.

(Letters prefixed to records indicate the number of days of observations missing, thus the letter d shows four days not recorded.]

|

 

y

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.; July. | Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | ov. Dec. |Annual.
a |

Bo eeas esi awe hacdeemceeel eteand eed eda Ie eee jaeeeor Retaealleceee se aas 53 33 20 | —15 | —15 |....--.--

bai netie om eomaaten —27 | —40 | —20 27 39 53 56 49 29 21 | —13 |} —16 13
Sect ebeA att aoterceen —20|—36|}—9|—7 36 43 55 47 32 10 | — 4 | —16 10
2S Bests creed pie eae eras pA E —20 | —29 | —18 18 43 47 OE | wcaieal|e siaceissl| ciciowine Rescind ieee teres
biuieiaiene Cicieien sieve Sgaessere drandisvtel| stare asa |[eicios = [Saeed ewBieat oe sec Sissel s ayemred| domme ile cil eeiesel eziersice 22 | eewcpexne
eR Se E Sa aMeesocaneceeei —23 |—9|/—27;—4 33 46 |...---| 58 45 13 18 | —24 |......-.
aiclara mivaaSacsieeh teenie wie alain —20 | —35 | —16 |..--..] 33 [......]..--.-|...---| 35 18 4 | —24 |........
exgnakeessiiesciousesiees —30 | —30 | —27 9 28 54 59 53 35 14 | —13 | —38 10
aa rafparct cece —40 | —40 | —23 2 43 45 56 50 22 17 0 | —27 9
deuereeske cu ueereeneariKs —30 | —40 | —40 25 40 40 50 52 32 T= Di eww sow onsnes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SO 1 atspeerc et ees bere deeteos rset ester hs cmrarerl eral operon llega rel tareceie| eco leans 20 | ~20 | —23 |........
BERTHOLD, FORT, N. DAK
Gf BGG hice SUEDE Race? Wk ete leetdeeall coats eta Nieae eatin eee ao] ae 32/ 14] 10} —19]........
AEBT cose. nce cece cee 290 220) 13) DB |) 88) been al ene | Seeeectl nee | Seeetaltyeaerne |e eel ees
BISMARCK, N. DAK

HRs tata nes ch te ec os cate edaatel aadacth atin |omehe nese onl lobeiais lewada oleaaes 26 6 | —16 | —99 |........
ASB se ene 34/31} 95 | 8 |e | 32 146 | 39] «29, 21 | —28 | ~6 6
ASUG: Sains cick Scale —80 | —28 | —22 16 23 33 45 42 10 14 | —15 | —23 5
TRU oss oe a tee eee —30/—5/—6} 2] 32! 34]| 481 42} 33] 2/—6| 2 1i
RTS we aredeavshontoen ace oak —1i9| 9] 20] 27| 27| 46! 47| 44] 20] 6] 19] —20 19
ARGD nthe dav ehatereen tame —29|—26|—21} 11] 30) 36! 48] 41| 25] 10] 1] —38 7
1880 -_..;—21!—17!—16] 7] 37]/ 40] 44] 44] 99] 12] —14 | —98 10
ABB ice te omc oe tentarsiey —34 | —93 | — 7 1| 28| 48] 46] 49] 29] 17/—13}—8 ll
PRO sora acjer teas see Became Ne —22 | —P4 | —20 17 24 37 47 43 32 25 2) —22 1?
144} 2] 33/ 43| 42] 16} 20} —14 | —24 7

17| 29] 44] 32] 45] 331 10] —10} —35 7

yo} 22] 34] 44] 39] 32! wl 10! —11 ra

9| 30| 41] 51] 34] 22] 19|—8]—s4 7

12/ 26| 38! 50] 37] 28 2 | —25 | —25 3

6| 20] 31} 49] 36] 29] 20) o|]—s5 8

TBRO) ca Secasee arent bees —18|—34/ 4] 20) 22] 42] 48] 44] 26/ 23|—12|/—6 13
1900 oaks tonto eee —35 |—34|—24] 19] 297] 46} 44] 40] 26] 22] 8|—7 it
TR01e eee de reece. —9|—23|—33] 8| 20] 40] 41] 35] 32] 23) —11 | —22 s
Means ....--..-2-----. —30|—25/—14/ 13] 26| 39] 45/ 41| 26| 16|—7]—19 9

164 — .
é
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 165

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

BUFORD, FORT, N. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. |Sept.| Oct. Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

 

spate wlll araceral aeons adel aon Ga see case eee 37 D | aeteiex |-—B4 |e ce teene
—39 14 31 WA eeccine 36 34 24 4) —IT |.-..----

10 22 40 51 58 47 19 20 | — 3 | —26 15
—18 9 31 35 40 38 27 4|—9]—19 10

 

 

 

 

1889 eset state oe ceeriozinwses tel amonest yoxews —4 15 23 40 45 AO |e acai) sncisivie [occ velescese|ence Shi
1891 coscnmee tes eas caeectiel eects en cene See dee| soe ieee etl cece es 37 30 30: {| ocse'= —26 | —28.)..------

 

Meat va vex ag eeeekaee leatees! qoamaleaweeslenkucalauawe hocieee, 41 OO. lswimateiell ccrsiacats'eemlowilecioeeml eens aeare

 

 

1891. .ccscectmenccsses essed etevicc eese tel tewessll ace eselascane 37 38 23) leecistes feces cel peas wisi waren beware gure

 

 

1890 ........ rad a Neda i. —30|—25|—28] 15| 16| 43

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

42 35 30 20: || eeacos|eakeaclon betes

1891 eceeeecs 2 tees doneoses|seocirsldeee sail steveterie| vais cis 17 40 40 BE bosses estnaicc | meisicios laeuicies |miceie cisco

DMR ee coca moans eka eae mal eed slesedeals saa ne 16 41 41 PA exh a eases) ns evar eicseraieie’ erarsicieds licetaysioees
DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK.

W884, fsck ocatewedes —386 | —33 | —22 12 scswere| baie aicie | ostosiaic! ativisinis |SAiasis = lseans leasaw |Gawese sues Sims

DICKINSON, N. DAK
189 wcccce-ciiourey seas eee etal ecisicce| eis esis)| cesses |esewies [sscclels [eames |sscieen [seicwec| samen [reciees —14 | — 8 ]........
ELLENDALE, N. DAK
1890 2S ce tcetuctoieasceccents pec aes | styaas nies |kaeoee [eee [Peta ct |emseslfaesincs lesccsdlavoswe eecase 16 Heme
1891 cone nese eens tee eens ewes —10 | —18 | —21 19 30 44 50 25 32 OG | NO et ates sedis nate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
166

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North

Dakota—Continued.

FARGO, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
TROL Saisie Sdn eewioe caine mcyacen!l saedea[ecetyanllisades|aececleades 41 41 31 29 22 | —28 | —17 |........
GALLATIN, N. DAK.
UB89 ne 3. oe aoc ee due amie ab me lacecan | aSoeoeeeeas 16 28 40 46 42 28 18 | —12 | —12 |-.......
VB90 oo ser eae ecesioe sans —40 | —42 | —36 14 24 48 50 36 28 26] 0O| —22 7
DBO ci Sesnasp eucisie Scie sicim apenas —20 | —32 | —32 0 20 40 44 28 28 24 | —32 | —32 3
Means) 20 5-2ecer sess: —30 | —37 | —34 10 24. 42 47 35 28 23 | —15 | —22 6
= GRAFTON, N. DAK. By
AQ oo adaensiee tsaeedecaess —24 | —30 |..-..-}.---.- 25 40 38 29 26 16 | —21 | —22 }.-......
GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.
1890 setts seasons wasn aaa de sone laeeecdl jeieisiog 18 16 41 AT | ccisiti asl aigieteles 28 0! || 225: | eas emrnns
1891 ood easaecinses sebeeees eG) | EBL | seereic lies cic aici isie es iereie BL. | seine 32 BD: | aaisicie —18 | —21 }........
Means esos cites eitessllooascnllmansalnnoteliossemc ang cater 36 |..----| enc nee]ee eee e|ewe eee — 9 | —23 |........
GRAND RAPIDS, N. DAK
1801 acess as caeswedectedices be ees seccve bocce |teesac ee esalectinns 35 23 24 16 | —30 | —27 j........
HOPE, N. DAK.
1899 cece to seee sncaceen [aetgesnecacsl mosaics ecb enlaces 39 40 31 30 24 DO esesel eee
KELSO, N. DAK
1890 waswcesicrrcicies seca deme ctnte| Sar cee lace pata seecinn [awe asialeeceer [ae aiece 41 32 27 22 | —1| —18 }j.......-
WBOL seas anccinneiede dewenaare —16 | —37 | —25 10 19 40 38 30 28 20 | —26.| —20 5
MOANING acct cass a cidarsane |ansasic asses tlosseneleeaews| Vocemelasseae 40 31 28 21 | —14 | —19 6
LAKOTA, N. DAK.
TSOT sero Sac aaisoe Ga ieejearele tinal soe ee [Exe Siac Momeie loeeeiall wajeistee 36 38 30° | secon 19 | —28 | —30 ].....-..
|
LEECH FARM, N. DAK. é
24 21 31 48 64 34 25 17 | — 4 }-...-...
21 21 36 40 38 31 19|—5|—7 10
15 16 43 42 35 30 20} | ccmmsliecemaew ec aee
20 19 37 43 46 32 21 6|—6 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 167

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, FORT, N. DAK.

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.; July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |Annual.
secmus's aces leseese 53 50 28 9 3 | —16 |....--.-
15 20 43 54 52 43 16 | —12 | —21 13
10 27 41 53 45 32 22 | —23|}— 4 10
18 33 41 58 52 25 20) — 9 | —20 13

5 38 38 51 48 42 27|—9 1 17

32 28 54 54 52 30 6 20 | —19 23
sslsr seal 28 50 58 54 34 16 Bae cites
10 37 44 AB: actercio 31 10 | —19 | —33 |....--..

1 32 47 45 48 30 17 | —15 | —12 10

15 22 37 46 41 30 22 | — 8 | —30 9
13 26 37 43 42 16°} 17) —17 | —31 4
15 29 42 42 42 30 10 | —15 | —43 4
16 22 46 50 38 30 13 8 | —11 10

9 31 41 50 32 21 17 | —11 | —34 6

3 31 38 50 33 30 2) —24 | —28 2

7 18 34 48 36 27 16 0|—6 8

21 24 42 48 48 26 23 | —12/— 8 15
11 26 45 48 37 27 21 8;—8 10

8 20 41 AB | Scteraicia| ests diese [Svat ciceai late ea vere! eseeg wears 'ee ie Bateers

 

 

 

 

BOE aie a feicre: eleraSreie sinse Beis Seis aseis: [eeieicinies nin Se iia Si ace [ie pcieee fe Biase mettie af sie. cisinne| Meise Bem et oeie ced 11 | —22 |........

 

‘NAPOLEON, N. DAK.

 

BBG SL a Soe Aled, | lea legeek ate 50| 45] 43} 25| 20;/—7]—91]........

 

TSO0 ssa eciot: ectciaculnste cca erels —30 | —32 | —24 2 39 38 32 22 17 Ne Weir rtadyes
TBOL 2. Adciie de mmien sated sicetes —14 | —26 | —20 4 18 38 39 32 28 21 | —19 | —25 6
MEANS cate! state eterdie sare! —22 | —29 | —22 9 accicee 42 41 36 25 19 | — 8 | —14 |....2...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25 12 | —20 | —14 8
20 20 5|—6 6
BA lee essiaie bidaee oc6l| Sica anieees more
24 15|—6|/—9 7

 

 

  
 

i

a

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wo

Ll]
FOw see

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|

nN
©
nH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
168 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual ee, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued. :

PEMBINA, FORT, N. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| 3
Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.} Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
USSG iis oieicics2o, ascent pene —38 | —38 | —15 | — 2 21 26 42 34 12 12 | —20 | —35 0
DSS cis siaserersyacctainbrac am iciatea $0 cre —45 | —40 | —24 | — 2 22 32 40 31} ‘18 | — 9 | —29 | —42 —4
TBS 8 seh tian saaceeccisecciets —51 | —48 | —30 4 15 30 44 34 24 20 | — 8 | —l4 2
1889 2. oxic omar meesraie asec aie sie —27 | —438 | — 8 11 23 35 37 33 26 10); — 8 | —20 6
1090 cwnnexemewe see Reree cede —37 | —46 | —30 10 12 36 38 30 26 23 | — 2 | —29 3
A891 cate ceieanete vecese cies —24 | —29 | —24 5 15 34 38 30 26 18 | —24 | —27 3
Meise sigenalsijetenias —38 | —34 | —23 1 23 33 40 35 22 11 | —19 | —32 2
POWER, N. DAK.

TBOL s csesiccccwnisie cca vena cmos loses eee casi meres |wewwesl aateees 42 42 31 33 22 | —21 | —18 |........

RANSOM, FORT, N. DAK
BBB. 2.20 ene nee nee een ene lene ene [pee ee lene ene |en em eleee ere [en ncn n [penn ne [ene n nel en nee [peewee lece eee AT ate tacts
TROD in win craiercts Swine alsiseioes —19 | —19 | —24 21 37 42 45 53 32 2);—7|—17 12
ISTO) one mecisnrsming Rinicinwiemaxvenis —25 | —29 | —13 11 40 43 53 39 39 19 8 | —24 13
IST ccc ccemenespecceee se ecens —26 | —24 | — 5 21 36 51 53 48 31 10 | —27 | —27 12
1ST Oo <i eccrmacicneeeecseeccee —29 | —32 ; —21 16 29 40 AO! | sicizraciel| eisictergrall ors creect]]orosig ae eyielerd sl] eieisaeiae
1 i ee —25 | —26 | —16 17 35 44 48 47 34 10 | — 9 | —21 12
60 48 12 25 5 | —13 }.-..---.
BO) || etesieasinl| wisciaeee —1|—8 | —22}........
49 39 38 25 18 | —22 |.....-.-
59 42 34 14 | —28 ) —34 13
41 40 27 12 | —10 | —27 6
43 39 23 12 | — 3 | —22 12
50 50 32 5 | —15 | —27 9
56 51 29 24 | —27|— 5 10
60 52 23 19 | — 4 | —20 13
58 52 40 28|— 8| — 20
44 43 20 pe tB oe cde alecelll Ayer ie
52 46 28 14 | — 8 | —20 13

RICHARDTON, N. DAK.
1 BBA) -creieiatr acrarararacan otvissn Seipatall ters iaers —34 | —16 13 30 52 50 49 32 8 } —19 | —36 |.-......
TSR octes wieaingatertinaeies ce senes —36 | —23 | — 6 20 20 40 46 42 34 22 10 | —10 13
LEB Otis dye ciatceieerepreceesieee ne —40 | —22 | —13 12 32 48 55 OG) | denteer 24 | — 3 | —85 |....--.-
TSS ficcwrennastomsetiens sce tees —38 |..---- =D) lewisisinel om sae 45 |..--.. 43 |...--- 1 | —30 | —23 |....-.--
Miiingysses.ccdencesecus —38 | —26 | —11 15 27 46 50 42 33 14 | —10 | —26 10

“ST. JOHNS, N. DAK.
z
PROM oe ose ccnisepiiseceaeyslxensel setewies |beewessi eomeiee |seee's|lseicietes |e sanel Seiieetelaeeces 31 16 | —17 | —20 |.....-..
ST. THOMAS, N. DAK

1891 Bode jacncmpetin cis @ee Se/sci| seein |s meee! temp niciiaceqoloseess ecicees 36 29| 26 18 | —26 | —25 |........

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

a * OWRTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 169
fae eS Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
: Dakota—Continued.

SANBORN, N. DAK.

 

- Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1890 3 evncicniesiccinie cewicseseine sen oeseeece sans. 96 fa scinies|sciewes|asewaelve sess ecieefaaves | pareraaisinenicinwi| tiawieree aejerete(e ois

 

 

SEWARD, FORT, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

ISTSs oo5,ctaa casein commaste dae —35 | —30 | —32 18 25 42 40 43 18 0 | —10 | —26 4
Wl dc 2 icjae Sesee Hace eaaeese —30 | —25 | —25 1 28 37 42 45 28 6 | —16 | —26 5
VST ciecicen resus s eeeeeere sed: —38 | —34 | —24 11 17 32 46 31 40 20 | —28 | —12 5
VSG isocsrcters eosieeie: sttggorargeiiedes —22 | —20 | —22 6 29 34 48 | 42 26 12 | —24 | —30 7
NBT Tis aiaavainteseininisyaie tee alata leinlne —37 | —12 | —23 1 30 25 41 36 D2) lew ccccleciaute eames |cowedce

Means. 22-2 sess esee2c0 —32 | —24 | —25 7 26 34 43 39 29 10 | —20 | —24 5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SHEYENNE, N. DAK.

 

ASTD ancien Goa oot aol oeeet | eeeasleaoes 44] 54 Ip—50 |..22..).2-- Lede ee eases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SRI ottcwnncadarnceesauescel waves SON aes | 2d oso loach agcee cl eaececlecteealaceds| neces hae
ae STEELE, N. DAK.
aS 10} 15] 37] 40] 39] 22] 16) —13} —a1 |........
f 3] 18] 40] 41) 33] 18] 1u|/—2]—10 4
5{ 16] 35] 37] 28] 97) 49]......[...... Sead
Means. .....225-2202--- —24|—34|—29] 6] 16] 34| 26} 33] 22] 15|/—s|—10 4
: STEVENSON, FORT, N. DAK.

—30| 9] 15| 42] 48| co] 4s} 22] 145 0 | —20 15
—35}—12] 10] 40]...... 52] 40| 34/ 16| 16|—28]........

—2/—2] 20! 45! 51] 53] 39] 927] 10] 32] —37

9
—27 | —20 9 31 37 38 38 26 12 | —25 | —35 5
—28 | —30 12 25 41 41 38 16 4) — 5 |—27 4
—32 | —24 3 32 38 41 44 27 11 | —18 | —27 6
—36 | —30 7 25 22 46 38 26 20 | —29 | —12 3
—30 | —24 12 22 32 45, 39 15 11 | —22 | —32 3

—13 | —14 2 30 Hosen. j40 35 28 16 | —11 | — 7 ]_.......

3 12 21 24 43 48 |... 16 8 8 | —34 |.-..-...
—33 | —26 14 30 44 48 40 2g 13 | —12 | —54 4
—29 | —28 | — 2 A8 36 42 38 20 1 | —28 | —45 }....2...
—40 | —23 | —15 24 38 44 45 27 13 | —22 | —13 2
—37 | —30 14 24 33 45 34 29 22 | — 5 | —34 | + 5

—3T | —17 | — 7 |..----]-222..

 

 

—29 | —17 8 32 39 46 40 23 12 | —13 | —29 6

 

TOBACCO GARDEN, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8S. Ex, 157——22
170

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North

Dakota—Continued.

TOTTEN, FORT, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

xii cura i lave eepers [ieee Se) eemeiee 50 29 3 | —10 | —32 |.....-..

8 38 40 50 43 40 19 6 | —26 ll

20 34 50 51 44 30 16 | —29 | —32 9

13 26 42 40 3 26 15 | —21 | —36 6

16 26 44 43 42 25 2} —10 | —26, 6

0 29 35 48 47 31 12 | —20 | —29 6

6 23 36 48 33 32 12 | —28 | —18 5

12 24 34 48 38 27 15 | —24 | —25 7

10 29 31 45 41 32 21;—5|—3 -il

29 26 45 53 45 19 9 10 | —26 18

5 30 35 45) 45 26 9}—6|—51 4

8 35 47 45 46 31 10 | —20 | —38 6

1 25 45 52 47 45 14 | —18 | —12 10

2 25 40 45 44 28 23 | — 2 | —29 8

1 24 34 45 43 12 16 | —16 | —31 2

10 29 46 43 44 34 12 | —22 | —35 6

14 20 35 43 35 29 19}. 3} —20 7

—2 28 33 42 29 17 20 | —13 | —33 2

1 29 35 44 37 25 8 | —23 | —35 2

—1 22 30 46 35 29 19 |} —30|— 5 3

19 29 42 37 46 29 21/— 8} —11 12

7 21 42 46 39 30 |° 25 Dilek leetiasense

9 27 39 46 42 28 14 | —13 | —26 q
VALLEY CITY, N. DAK.

1891 ici ecantwne sees Mclain leemesel | bestemis laces eseGeed Seeuitallaeecalanceaal ances 25 16 | —28 | —24 |....-...
WAHPETON, N. DAK.

ASSO a rsorpa renin coche ichahactstolas cts laws licvaissotata| [fom lee ever| svatevevere nie eenctall starevaters fiseratarate 40 38 31 ee eee a |

TSG vacate women tercteiate Heo —81 | —26 | —26 22 19 42 44 32 26 25 2) —12 10

SOL eee ccadicee ene totee sens —11 | —39 | —36 18 21 41 41 32 32 21 | —24 | —21 6

7 MGaNG ie etnseceasedscas —21 | —32 | —31 20 20 42 42 34 30 22);—9| —12 9

WILD RICE, N. DAK. "

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WILLOW CITY, N. DAK

[OL tes aceite dvs asea adel obec tall ek a ch ell sae eet ate a ee oe
WOODBRIDGE, N. DAK.

SON SOS Seta cree ee alto Raders | tase eacketaes cena soon oe yaa asco eee eer a
YATES, FORT, N. DAK

—30|—20| 21] 18] 34] 46] 40] 30] 20|—2|—24 9

—39|—10| 17| 2] 33) 42] 42] 25] 11)—10 | —31- 5

=98.[-i4| i9| 34| 48/1 49] 48] 99] 32) —a1 | 37 6

—s2 | —10 %| 38) 38] 41| 80) 8 | @} a5 9

 
  

-

4

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

171

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in North
Dakota—Continued.

YATES, FORT, N. DAK.—Continued,

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.|July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

TSS6 oe dsletsieddade cect veghiee —39 |—24|—20| 10] 32 41 50| 27] 20 10 |-21 | —44 4
WSS he cccunia x sicidetd vnlewe ea ais —50 | —33 | — 8 12 30 39 38 4D | wane 1 |—24 | —25|........-
NBS mjcic ve.cisysine Maer eisinie merece —32 | —22 | —18 12 24 35 51 43 25 21 3 /—6 11
1889), sec ien vewross Sutisey teen —17 | —26 5| 26 23 39 38 41 28 23 |— 9 |—5 14
W890 oc sraratachepeute’ gia aiken gistsreis —30 | —28 | —19 15 27 47 50 40 27 21 5 | —10 12
WSs scree sce cease seed ad — 5 | —20 | —30 9 23 42 41 35 35 26 |— 7 | —16 11
Means: 2c -2ceccacs ease —32 | —29 | —14 16 26 39 44 40 28 15 |— 6 | —21 9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and

Dakota.

ABERDEEN, S. DAK.

annual averages, at stations in South

 

 

 

shiseselsessas —20 10 15 30 36 35 20 12 1 | — 5 |.......-
— 2| —25 | —26 8 21 40 39 28 18 23 |—21 | —21 8
biceetass | ieee —23 9 18 35 38 32 24 18 |j—10 | —13 |..-...-.--

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Means. .:....-----.----| —14}| —23/—15| 19} 30] 45| 43] 37] 29)...... poe 19 eewsecce
ARMOUR, S. DAK.

DESO. oo fate eee eo set eo ogee toed 39| 47] 52] 52]......)...... 2 13) |e ose
BANGOR, S. DAK.

WSs cscssteesasecesehs Cogs eA a Senco ecataulehgetalea sey 40! |weneccloxsess sees |scc cet [ocweadlevecmeletecteds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MOOD. seen eee se cceeeeresaueds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31

21

 

—27

 

 

—22

 

 
172

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South

Dakota—Continued.

BROOKINGS, 8S. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. ! e
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.! July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
sein are sieieialeie 33 38 40 23 21 20. | = 5 | cmamisiciss
12 20 36 37 41 30 24 | — 6 | —21 10
10 23 39 41| 35 25 28 0 | —20 8
ll 30 38 39 30 24 20 | —29 | —21 7
11 24 36 39 36 25 23 | —4]—17 9
CANTON, 8. DAK.
TSB9 isis asclsiceheieisc gas aeenweetee oddeies| Helsteue ecdadal weekend eedasel saesee 49 35 27 0 OF Hfcchie tafe
1B9D. cieinvereainisicrciiarcwbemcmicicires —24 | —23 | —12 15 23 47 49 39 30 25 7 | —12 14
DBO oo sicisieicisivcnieawiwiesasaans 0 | —20 | —20 13 34 BD Vat faciel Sawicare| oo iwaurasel eomarercra| sctomaisi osiras jeeee aes
Means. ......-.--...--- —12 | —22 |} —16 14 28 46 |...... 44 32 26 4|—6)....-...
CASTLEWOOD, S. DAK.
DBOU jai Sicericisiciaie atclnlaraiessinic ose swisicisiel] srainionis | Msisiwinss||leitiea sic] seivicies |emis wists) sie'eicirs 25 24 14 | —34 | —24 j...-.---
CLARK, S. DAK
TBR 9 per ccesie em aise sieininicledia seins ainisicie’s [ceeds lsicistces feresimel aeccmn [neem 39 46 31 19 | —5 | —16 |....-...
ARO swe seedlaecctisineetaieren mises —28 | —20 | —16 14 24 43 41 35 22 19 4 | —20 10
ASOD a orscaiminc agigrcie sicteotureneienia — 8 | —21 | —22 8 28 44 41 32 33 22 | —23 | —21 9
Means. .-..-.-.--..----| --18 | —20 | —19 11 26 43 40 36 30 20| — 8 | —19 10
“CROSS, S. DAK
1890 css aos due weleeeecesasa|tontes |tseeae —4 14 32 40 |...-.. 38 28) boss 1G): ossec easier es
NSO L od casio snrenadicec ames ad lmnsyaiale —32 | —22 |...-.- 26 44 42 34 32 16|—3|—31........
MG aii8 ia ssjcvarscincicwied wel sem-cicis| jodie sie —13 |.---.- 29 42 |...2.. 36 30 |...-.. Olle siaselleeeese
DAKOTA CITY, 8S. DAK.
WSSB eisisicrewicisicislnine: smiaivisa aise se| marcos leeee oe] scccee|scnees BS: | cae a) esieinsis |e senciel ssiece|seeoce seimceefescmae setemces:
DEADWOOD, S. DAK.
1878s. cccec sowssecssevsesansis — 8 11 10 26 BO: |eweiacs) wre ond lesuraniel anes viele se eie 3 | —25 |....-...
1819 sc sis oatew seve weeesesaseas —24 | —12} —5 20 29 37 44 43 BO tecesee 3 | —16 |.....-..
1880s caja) osm asne neces wees seas — 7 | —23 }...... 11 27 33 42 41 29 5 | —16 | —20 |......-.
TBS) oa ssnssicizis cemenieeeindednctes —22 | —20 0 11 31 42 44 43 29 17|—2 6 15
ISB 2 32 0: spite reese seciecitees —11|—13;-—1 14 30 41 43 40 32 27 3 | —13 16
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS. 173

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

DEADWOOD, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.) Oct. | Nov. Dec, | Annual.

cisniee Gu heya Sia ee Seabee ERE —30 | —32 7 17 21 38 42 42 31 22 7 |—8 13
meceidin ais. iets ste egies g greeted NE SOF ees YF 13 28 43 45 40 28 26 |\— 4 | —28 12
eee eeeeeeeel S15 | —15 7 21 17 35 45 39 35 18; 15 |—2 17

eye be scaiaataials —24. | — 3 6 15 26 40 48 38 35 25 |— 5 | —15 16

<seue se weewels 2 eeereee bess —18 | —29 10 16 31 40 45 41 33 7\-11 | —11 13
Means. .....-..---.---.| —17 | —16 3 16 27 39 44 41 31 18 |— 0.7| —13 14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BOO ws cataynaeleusieeipeiend ae, Hees —25 | —17 | —11 27 33 52 58 53 40 27; 11 | —13 20
WSL e osetia ca steminoees ose — 3 |—19|}—5 LT \enrewelecwcad tere iwelins axnnlaneekel cy saul sounanl ea neanlacew wees
Metne i anccosseames cues —14 |} —18|— 8 DO ladies dalteae nae) mneital maacmeed aectemel Gunde ba. sea el eee se Beau ace na

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1891. cece teemewewnsoseeei 0 | —22 } —12 }...... 27 37 34 34 28 20 |-28 | —20 |.....-.-
<EGELAND, 8. DAK.
WS vtce cranes cees-cosoecak sed seeec|lsee occlae ceed |ecimients 22 AQ aisises| poe inwe| vcints so) demieval semwee|s wages] Seven we
FLANDREAU, S. DAK.
1890s ee sitesgtieweisinctaciocicecsd —24 | —26 | —15 10 20 43 43 37 26 12 4 | —19 9
1891. .... 222. .22. eee eee ee] — 8 | —27 | —22 8 27 39 34 31 27 19 |—29 | —21 6
Moning... (. secte sing ace —16 | —26 | —18 9 23 41 38 34 26 15 |—12 | —20 8

 

FORESTBURG, S. DAK.

 

see cceee

PROT ee eee eed dace che eos eects 32} 45| 44] 32{ 291 20-43 | 416

 

 

IDOL seacoast Baie teSieewal sleeten [ee eee se cela peiee|iceccellSccaes 52] 41 381 20 |~12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TBE saan a vie saeazweis csc iowisel| cain ssl aces velesss'sa|ascecc|sceacaleceuastuvsmies 36 34 21 |—22 | —15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
174 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

GODDARD, S. DAK.

 

 

‘Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
1888 . ... 1.c2ce one anicuies seems) eases —l1 |...... 24 30 40 58 52 31 18 0 O! [esiaw sicce
1889). oces case nusenape seexwese 2 | scsewtllseen se llanesws| seeeaellseicews|soseeallaeeoes ecm szeeee sora Sel laeew ee aoas eae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PAF Wecuen ees boas Bia) a2) esac ad hegeet| eh ate
—17| 13| 27| 36] 43] 34] 28] 19 0|—9|....-.-.
—17 Bri certs cal ee alalMhoae lect Pteete (aeucs dato eA ae
AG) AO sccce/sascne CTE VOB ties i. | dacisms [tweens | sectenleetines ae

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9 | —20 |......-.
SF BN vanacoen
5B) BO [nections

1881. ......0e-e--- BO cE io I jalriaellaccacncnl ane eae 54] 49] 34] 21}/—6/—3].......

G0 cle aecneiicenetuicas ieee: —16|—i8|/— 6] 19] 28] 37] 47]| 43] 30] 2] 3] 20 14

HBSS ccrcisphteeeenin ex dsvociacioe —30|—32/— 8] 24] 32] 34] 46] 43] 28] 92}/—4]|—20 il

1 creaepehicucicawendcandeccn —38|—32|/—15|} 22) 30] 43] 49/ 43] 36] 22] —18| —34 9

1885...---.-20- ieee —33|—24/—3] 18] 25] 38] 45] 47] 31] 21] 8]—11 14

4 BSG socaecnk ea dsonomaran once —32/—27;/—6| 9] 32] 39] 55] 33] 28] 201/—5|—32 10

ABS Toeo ca rencnectaicaars —43/—30/—4] 16| 32/ 38] 44| 40] 26] 5 |—28|—23 6

SBR ser one 2 caakeneeeene —36|—32|/—14] 20] 24] 36] 48] 42] 29] 17] 3/—7 ch

ABS oeseaica peter aauee 2 |—30| 8s! 21| 22| 40) 44| 46] 32] 17/—4|—12 13

ABQ0 Guite ve sue cer accatmaeise —93|—24|}—15] 17] 23] 45| 47] 35] 25) 14] o| —16 10

SOI deceit ce Sea weeacenece —g}]—29}/—24} 11) 29} 43) 41] 34] 30) 20] —18 | —20 10

RRA comemeneseetaien —29|-27/—9] 18} 28] 39] 47] 42] 380! 19|—6)—18 rel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

175

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

KIMBALL, S. DAK.

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. |June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov Dec. | Annual.
41] 47] 48} 34] 19|/—4]—5].....-.-
44/ 51| 39} 28! 19 2}—8 14
44) 44] 33} 31 {| 22) —13 | —14 12 -
43 | 47 40 | St) 0)—s)|—7 13
LEAD CITY, 8. DAK.
978 gu da icici alesis coctrene leer [aed bee lose eee a 38; 41| 46) 27 6: tence weaves Geiookes
30] 19) —13|—5|....--.-
25| 18|—4|—21 11
33| 21|/—6|—3 14
25 8| 13 | —18 20
28) 16|—2|—12 15
MEADE, FORT, 8. DAK.
Rete wn [ta RBs eee rere 48 | 45] 34 5 | — 3 | —25 |..---.--
—22| 19 |..-... 321 43| 39] 33] 11) —17| —24|..-.....
5 g| 32} 44] 47) 50] 31] 12}/—9 5 15
1{ 18} 25} 39}; 40/ 40] 31} 21/— 3] —18 14
4 8] 20] 37} 3851 388} 27] 44 7 | —11 9
—11| 12/ 2] 38] 40} 34] 20/ 13 | —12) —32 6
—1| 2] -20] 37] 45] 40] 37] 22/ 2/—2 16
—7{ 12] 26] 45) 55] 32] 33] 21) —13 | —24 11
—2] 13] 27] 38] 48] 41] 34 1 | —25 | —32 6
—17/ 21| 23/ 35} 54] 40] 35/ 15|/—8 0 13
5} 20| 29] 42] 34] 47| 28] 22/—4)/—2 16
—1 6| 27) 43| 51] 48| 28] 27| 10/—5 15
—22| 17] 20] 41] 43] 40] 37] 21/—4)—83 13
—6j|~15| 27) 39| 45} 41] 31) 16)—5|—13 2
MILLBANK, S. DAK.
100 coe cesmcedaacuacenee sd] SB laten lekeess 22} 30] 54] 50] 48] 35] 29 Geeta
BOM spose cc pciecaecyienetdieenisce —12}—19/—18| 20] 34] 44] 50) 50] 34} 20 | 20) —14 14
Means .....--.2.---.-- 99 | vases 21] 32} 49) 50} 49] 34] 24]—7]|—10]-.-..-..
MITCHELL, 8S. DAK.
SOLS eee erase bet ectet SEs e SMe sees oe all Sct a eee lmete 44} 33) 34] 18|—12]—14].....0..

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
176 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS,

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

: Dakota—Continued.
OELRICHS, 8. DAK.
Year Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept. | Oct.| Nov. | Dec, | Annual.
TSO0) ce siarrse stareictlewitee lsat iets startastte lela —12 11 DA |e ase 39 39 25 16 10 O ewe scce
NSO 1s capsiaieceersyarcrcalanepyredeines —23 | —23 | —28 12 24 40 39 35 28 11 | —10 | —10 8
MOAN8 s:sscasisne esc awaniiesecclaeeiswn —20 12 24 |.....- 39 37 26 14 Os SB. fsa cece
OLIVET, S. DAK. os
1877 sccees waisieteiweh ors sell eae os [see oes | erm se] see esi ecicems 46 53 57 44 23 15 OJ eccas ats
ABTS cieetv ane acttatcciecyamies stein —10 6) 14 32 40 54 62 59 36 14 10 | —15 25
S19 eres dence pedal aiee' signerede ies —29 | —16 0 9 40 45 61 48 40. 6|/—6 25 14
1880. Ligne -----| — 4 | —20 |-14 18 48 52 55 49 40 10 | —10 | —17 17
ASSM aoc c aie ticatingeiausicen sive —36 | —20 |— 5 2 43 52 60 60 40 25 |— 2 0 18
De —18 | —14 1 28 37 48 56 50 36 23 Gilcecical emanyses
Means ..........-.....| —19 | —13 |— 0.8] 18 42 49 58 54 39 16 2)—11 20
the
ONEIDA, S. DAK.
Ais
» 1890... 222-022 -2 ee ee ee eee | —20 | —28 2 19 22 Wecic—cs 53 40 24 19 bel aisaid dll Sarorsee
1891. ....---.-.---.---2---.--] — 7 | —20 | —20 15 28 42 40 35 34 22 | —13 | —11 12
Means ...... ---.-.---- —14 | —24|—9 17 25 lsc vees 46 38 29 20: | 4 fee ecceclllac cae
PARKER, S. DAK.
ISO ooo icisis aise ciesinccektay sine cleredl| weetorsd | omeeieleweeint ltewews | seers lacawies 40 36 27 |aseee- 0 | —15 |....-...
PARKSTON, 8. DAK.
—10 16 45 40
—12 20 30 40
LOH wieccrlls sapere 40
—12 18 28 46
—16 18 34 50 55 42 34 24 0 | —12 18
— 8 18 34 43 51 56 42 17|—8/—8 16
t
PIERRE, 8. DAK. ;
NGOI:  cocah ans omersiscecmcriestcse el eidleteeelloise cel] oase Sailsisieseel|sneeoallemiscios 46 42 38 27 | — 8 | —11 |........
PLANKINTON, S. DAK
ISON seas Wines deere @asieiesialeeess sl seeces] esc. Macetloos cet 45 48 BD | acicess|sasiciesl foc ad self sincccnil eaters
RANDALL, FORT, S. DAK.
1860 iccacsanscsatmadcne ches erecta — 6| —18 }...... 42 58 56 48 40 22) — 4 | —22 |.....--.
ABCD a scene nie cinnicecconcenes —17 | —11 | — 6 82 36 60 62 56 34 26)—3|—3 23
5) ee —22 | —10 10 15 40 52 62 58 42.) 10 10 1 22
ASC Si inie.araecals diaievaatsciciaterowein aint —11 | —17 5 24 41 53 54 34, 34 5 | —14 | —27 15
D864). sient s.dscineeidesanciesiecie —27 | — 6 4 D9) i ena 52 58 56 AO! scizaves SAGs ocean's
ASGD ace: cidemies demiaind eeetcnaieye ns —ll 4|—19 14 SO SRaseet eeiseleeiemte 45 WT aiete ts esiesalauen pres
1866... 22. ceeeee en ee seen ene cere arlene seleresas|eone neleeescclecescclece geal aisteer ces 37 22 | — 9 | —1T7 |..-- eee
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Le

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

RANDALL, FORT, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan, | Feb.| Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.} Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
e
—21 | —15 19 37 52 61 65 apie tne neve | Sa stegae 1D | sessereis
—21 12 20] 49 51 65 51 33 26 12 7 24
1 1 12 41 52 56 |sesax 36 4 de [seccesiee
—12|—7 14 37 37 46 40 | . 40 20 12 | —18 16
—23 5 26 | soaciare 46 51 43 19 16 | —14 | —17 |---.----
—12 3 20 31 48 48 50 35 20 | —13 | —30 15
—30 | —10 0 18 53 42 54 22 6 2) —25 8
—18|— 4 il 10 43 52 50 30 10 | — 5 | —25 10
—39 | —28 8 21 36 48 42 27 15 | —25 | —22 3
—17 | —20 7 27 30 47 49 if 16 | —24 | —33 6
0 | —16 12 36 43 42| 44 17 | —14 | — 5 13
—8 151 24 28 41 45 48 24 10! — 81 —27 14
—25 | — 5 12 48 39 55 46 28 9|— 4) —32 11
—l4/-—20) 12 39 47 42 39 28 11 | —l1 | —17 12
—29|— 6 2 38 49 53 50 33 21;—6,;—4 14
—8|/-—1 25 33 41 49 41 30 22 6 | —20 18
—32 1 27 29 36} 45)|~ 40 32 19} — 1] —18 12
—29 | —12 22 33 40] 47 44 36 18 | — 4! —31 il
—225 0 18 25 38} 43 39 33 20 9; —15 12
—21/—5}+ 4 32 87 | ~40]° 30 23 15 1, —25 8
—22 1 24 39 44 54 49 18 14 | —41 | —16 ll
—20 | —17 24 29 41 50 42 25 20 4 4 14
—13 12 27 30 45 48 49 32 18)—3|—3 19
—23 | — 3 20 27 49 50 42 30 18 10); — 6 16
—13 | —20 15 32 48 43 35 32 23 |— 3|—11 15
—17|—5 7 33 45 50 49 33 16 | — 4! —16 15
RAPID CITY, S. DAK.
—30 10 10 29 44 37 50 30 15 2 D's) ofa oko lgafe
—21|—2 13 27 36 45 42 36 22 | —2| —25 13
—40 6 2 20 BBN cistarare al stave a 2ig)] states ose |Site a ace [ctasatcisinllloneie wrdell stewie aistone
— 3} —16 20 22 40 51 42 35 21 10|;—4 16
I]t 10 21 31 43 46 49 30 25 0o|;—2 1
-27|/— 3 8 25 45 55 46 32 25 13 3 16
—22 | —17 19 23 42 47 42 38 22|—3|— 3}.......-
—23 | — 2 13 27 41| 46 45 34 22 3/—5 15
REDFIELD, 8. DAK.
AS89252 piseagebaseamied case) a2 senaiencenelawesee 220s) 2h HA acc seomnaliecmeascceen|wawesdlloeeceslmiee wie
ROSCOE, S. DAK.
TBEO. cad eicat aececrcanmsctn Hannes eawate baaeec|teaaes 28) 289))) AB AE | BB) AB eaecheeeead eee
ST. LAWRENCE, S. DAK.
SS hl Shite enable sega alee ngage el Mace tee b2| 321 28|...... et a ae
DRO a scrcisceinctra sate einen mines — 7|—20 | —19 16 32 46 BA | 42 bow censlewenes — 6! —10 |...
MeCANS sees wese cmey bass exiaiad atesionelasemes sstion's bese ee|eoecye) te cece AT || soscreoail siccieisiale oars 10: | ee vece
SCRANTON, S. DAK.
—33 | —12 30 83} .54] 59 51 32 28 6|—7 18
—26 | —18 2s ieteen| nance scares Jlsccsse|seeerial) cisk cata] ageetras ereeee[eeee eee
80) | S15: | 20. | ecievieslaxasiee ameces lwo sel cessed sauena/acecacl cowvealsema cess

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7 8. Ex, 15723
178 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

SIOUX FALLS, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

e|
L890 -s sie:are ies pare waysveeiars ape Se xe sie sk | rai cinin!| oiwinte, ciel eie’eie'cie' | oitiete cae 52 54 36 34 22 0 | —17 |........
1891 2 cneecedensecmseis,walece sd — 4{ —26 | —18 V4 | ails as Seca 50 29 28} 18 | —24 | —22 |.....-..
Means joss stessigusies a2 ee |eeaees|eesenc| sceves|eneaes |eseecslenodies 52 32 31 20 | —12 | —20 |.-......

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ART ca gent, ens OER ode Need ate dalladdeedlmaacduseans 51] 53] 35| 20] of 1)...
1989) ooo ch ese ee OL | ee Pe EY AE BG licwestlioceclhcoasclasoseditonesdsaas eececca
SPEARFISH, 8. DAK.

Te CDsanisockeseeneaubannan’ —2|-23| 3] 20] 28)° 44] ot] 47] 33] 29] 1s] 4 20
1BOT shed cicced shcwsuen cate 1|—28|—20| 17/ 24] 39] 43] 40] 361 93/~—2] 0 15
Means ........-------- —10 | —26 | — 8 18 26 42/ 52] 44] 36] 26 8 2 18

2, hy

SPRING LAKE, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

179

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South
Dakota—Continued.

SULLY, FORT, 8. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual
—?4 | —15 19 26 29 55 48 25 21 | — 4 | —26 11
—1/}—4 14 32 42 48 48 37 24/— 8 1 17

8 23 25 37 54 56 53 67 14 15 | —22 26
—15/—l1|) 15 38 48 61 50 38 8 4 | —28 35
—13 | —11 19 41 46 55 52 34 19 13 | —19 18
—29|— 8 2 35 50 53 42 18| 15} —11 0 11
—22 | —12 22 15 50 48 45 27| (18 Ize ver aiet| chetaig reese
—30 2 21 31 42 51 50 28 22 3 | —13 14
—25 | —19 20 31 46 51 41 32 | n18 | — 7 | —30 10
—25 3 21 27 36 45 45 34 19 10|— 8 14
—18 | —11 12 29 43 54 43, 29 23 0 | —19 13
—26 | — 8 19 32 44 53 43 35 4 | —27 | —18 10
—20 13 22 30 38 52 45 30 18 2);—6 14
—22 10 27 25 46 50 48 36 20;—6|—6 17
—30 | —12 18 29 49 55 43 33 21 8)—2 16
—19 | —24 15 30 44. 48 41 40 26} —7| —12 15
—19|—7 16 30 43 51 46 32 17} — 1] —15 14

Ls TYNDALL, S. DAK.
S
189) cecedns wizmiyive saws: msdu|seeees| semen es asia) avin 2 | Mas ste eee eel eames 33 35 25 | — 8} —13 |aw-.----
|
—24 |... 2...
80) | exes secs
—14 14
ee By 14
—19 13
—20 |... eee.
S96) | a cints sexes
—22 7
—36 4
—12 8
—37 5
—33 5
—9 11
—21 9
—19 8
Ob Nace es seme
—24 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
pe

a

130 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in South

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dakota—Continued.
WESSINGTON SPRINGS, 8. DAK.
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
NBO a aii sa mvaya in up iaighoeeermavn Gale alate ea alee eaoke la Soaeel Ssecwes Raa aibaleceete 44 35 36 24 | —13 | —14 |........
‘WICKLOW, S. DAK.
MANS a uaicilneeadoace tees = ace eee 26H cazsaclscose. 53| 48] 30|...... leaen aR ences
WOLSEY, S. DAK
1889 5 ccs caw tee eaesepeeecy Bese —31 | —34 7| 20 20 38 44 43 27 2|—10 | —15 9
W890 sis ssw ce coemeemetiios seca —29 | —28 | —16 if 19 50 59 34 26 15 | — 2) —11 11
WSU L dows cnas van daseneeen tone —7|—25 | —23 11 ae 47 54 Bo 39 22 | —18 | —21 12
Means ......-2.-..---- —22 | —29 | —11 15 24 45 52 37 31 13 | —10 | —16 11
J WOONSOCKET, S. DAK.
BSB ciniaccein nteisis ceisd cisveisicle sie nia lacie auil nesictaalleedaica 16 23 36 45 37 27 LG.) seedy [9 caer seiete
1S8D s.< wicicjate eiercleishn Se asia'aisie crsiate —29 | —30 8 18 22 39 41 66 28 14 | — 4} —13 13
VB QO srsssivicies-qretercre steicnsies cag site e —28 | —29 | —16 16 23 42 46 32 24 12|— 6] —21 8
Means .-......---.-6-- —28 | —30 | — 4 17 23 39 44 45 26 14|]—4]| —14 11
51 59 30 11 10 | —10 }....----
54 50 30 16 0 |) —14 18
52 45 31 18 | —15 | —15 12
51 46 26 16 | — 7 | —18 18
44 46 38 25/—5)/—1 17
56 48 28 9 15 | —11 22
- 58 51 32 13 1 | —34 12
47 46 oT 15;— 5 | —19 17
54 52 36 24);—1 4 16
48+ 48| 32| 30] 12] ~16 21
52 48 37 21 3 | —13 18
56 48 39 25 | — 3 | —23 16
, 48 46 38 26 18 | —10 18
ASBG si parciets cs siareiers toe aaabieseateiere —28 | —25 | — 6 4 39 44) 56 41 34 20 0 | —-23 13
1887. emia --| —29 | —22 | — 2 19 36 45 53 44 35 13 | —18 | —16 13
1888 cc am iirned Seem ccemeasis one —28 | —19 | —18 24 32 43 54 44 35 24 9 6 17
1880p bie sinc ankd eieueeees —12 | —18 13 27 30 44 50 51 34 22 0 3 20
B90 oo - Gis. snes ccirieie neue nae ace —22 |} —-17|—7 15 32 50 51 41 33 22 9|—7 17
WSN ase eis teinteisewasaeeeae 1 | —19 | —17}...... 32 49 46 |...... 38 26|— 8] — 6I......-..
Means ......-.--.-..-- —20 | —14 | — 5 18 32 44 51 47 34 20 1 | —12 16

 

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages,at stations in Minnesota.
MOORHEAD, MINN.

 

IOS telah sche saceeme Ge
TEE saison einen eres

 

 

—36 | —33 | — 7 | —13 29 46 47 45 30 17 | —15 | —9 8
—36 | —19 | —20 7 26 35 45 38 24 25 | — 7| —29 7
—42 | —33 | —22 6 33 32 48 39 17 15 | —14 | —34 3
—43 | —30 | —23 17 28 39 43 42 36 15 | —15 | —31 6
—35 | —30 | —15 14 21 30 43 32 26 18 5 | —20 7
—36 | =37 | — 6 4 27 33 47 32 23 10 | —22 | —35 3
—47 | —35 | —19 4 25 | 36 42 37 23 6 | —22 | —36 1
—44 | —47 | —20 7 20 28 47 33 26 20|.— 3] —5 5
—29 | —35 | — 2 20 20 35 39 38 +} 29 18|—5|—8 10
—31 | —26 | —22 10 14 44, 46 36 30 24 2 | —18 9
—17 | —35 | —23 11 22 40 42 34 32 24 | —24 | —20 7
—36 | —33 | —16 8 24 36 “4 37 27 17 | —11 | —22 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Appendix No. 67.
Average Lermperatures, tn degrees Fahrenhett,

Sanuary .

 

 
    
   
  
 
   
   
  
    
  
 
   
     
  
 
      
     
   

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0 SR JoAns Meodbridge |e ees iZ6
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Append wo. 68.
Average Temperatures, in degrees Pakrenheit,

Lebruary.

 

 

 

 

   
     
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
  
   

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
 
  
 
 
   
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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MD [mere a. = . a , |
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Appendix VO G9.
AMVETAGE Lemperatures, in HEGTCes Fuhrenhett,
March

 

 

 

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Milton %

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a ;
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Appendix No. 7O.
Average lermperatures, in degrees Lahrenhett,

Apr.

 

 

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Appendix No. 71.
Average Temperatures, tit degrees Lahirenhett,

   
   

 

 

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Appen atx No.7 2.
Average Lermperaures, in LeG7T ees Lahrenheil

Sue .

 

 

 

    
       
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
    
   

 

 

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Apperax No. 7d.
Average Temperatures, in degrees Fahrenhet,

Sily.

 

 

 

 

   
 
    
   
     
 
 
  
    

 

 

 

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Berthold

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Appen dix No. 724.
Average Léernperatures, int degrees Lahrerhiet

August :

 

 

7a?

 

  
 

    
 

70% * 7o3* yoa°? yor tt eee
iv t L t T
\
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SEx 4/37 521
Ap ppered 1x NVO.7 3.
Average Temperatures, in degrees Fahrenheit,

September.

 

 

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.

 

 

 

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62 1

 
ippen dix No.76.
Average Tenypera lures, 17 degrees Lahrenheit,
October.

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
  
   
  

 

   
   
  

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 

 

  
  

 

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SEx./77. 521

 

 

 

oer,
Se

 

 
Appendix NO77.

November.

Average Le7pera tures, tr dey/ees Liahrenheit,

 

 

 

  

99°

78°

 

 

   
 
    
      
  
   
   
 
  
  

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Average Lérnperatures, tr. degrees Lahrenhett,

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Apprernarx NO. 79.
Average lemperatures, in degrees Fahrenheit,

Annual,

 

 

 

 

 

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8 Ex 437. §21
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS, 181

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in Minne-
o sota—Continued.

8ST. VINCENT, MINN.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May.|June.| July.| Aug. | Sept. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
sessed sabia ah wii Vs sears ella ie 27 15 | —22 | —42 |....--..
—12 |—14 28 37 40 36 23 18 | —18 | —20 3
—25 |— 8 21 36 42 41 25 23 | — 5 | —30 4
—31 |— 4 26 29 40 39 17 11 | —22|—40| —1
—27 | 18 29 39 41 38 32 10 | —19 | —49 3
—25 |—14 22 32 39 27 24 17 | —1 | —21 1
—13 |— 1 22 30 44 33 24 15 | —18 | —38 2
—27 |— 4 25 34 38 29 18 | —10 | —30 | —44| — 4
—29 6 14 25 46 30 24 19} —7}| —16 0.7
—9 9 22 a 41 32 28 9|—5 | —21 5
—30 | 13 15 40 43 30 29 23 | — 2 | —27 5
—29 6 16 32 37 32 29 20 | —24 | —27 3
—23] 0.6, 22] 33] 41 | 33 | 25 | 14|—14 | —31 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monthly absolute minimum temperatures, with monthly and annual averages, at stations in Nebraska,

HAY SPRINGS, NEBR.

 

—5|—15 5 25 33 55 40 30 23 | — 5 | —13 12
—24 6| 15 27 39 47 44 31 2 | —26 | —28 9
—2)|—14] 23 29 37 52 34 30 17 3}/—6 14
—20 4) 19 26 39 43 43 24 22|—6|—3 16
—21|—1] 16 28 36 52 43 23 17 12 t 16
—20 | —21] 13 24 43 42 37 33 20|}—%|—8 13

15) = 7 15 | 26 38 | 48 | 40| 28| 20/—s]/—8| wu

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peron ene [emery es sxalewexes|evxeasleapce:| SB) OE) AE Terrance

—19|— 8] 18 25 43 44 37 35 23 | — 3 | —16 12
—22|/—5] 14 21 39 38 33 32 27 | —31 | —29 8
—8|—15] 24 32 41 49 41 29 |owcses 9) | 2218" seucoeas

—15 10} 23 23 48 44 46 33 22|/—2)—5 18
1

—18 | —26 | 13 26 45 44 39 37 24 | —18| — 8 13

—17;}— 8] 17 26 42 46 41 32 23 | —4)—12 14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Appenpix No. 80.

Average consecutive number of days without rain, including traces. °

[A ‘‘trace” of rainfall means an amount too small to measure.]

 

 

 

Station. Jan.|Feb.| Mar.| Apr. |May.|June|July. |Aug. |Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. Length of record.
NORTH DAKOTA.
t a
Fort Abercrombie ..-.....- 16) 14] 13] 12) 11) 10} 10] 12) 12] 19] 15] 16] Aug., 1860-Oct., 1877.
Fort Abraham Lincoln:..| 18 | 14] 16] 13] 10 8 9} 13] I7] 18} 19] 17] July, 1873—-July, 1891.
Bismarck ......---.----- 1 9} 10 9 8 6 7) 11] 13] 12] 12] 11} Sept., 1874-Dec., 1891.
Fort Buford.......-.-.-.- 13} 11] 18) 13] 11 8; 12| 14] 16] 16) 15); 16] Sept., 1866-Dec., 1891.
Fort Pembina 14] 14| 13] 13] 10 8 9/} 10} 10} 13] 13] 13 Aug., 1871-Dec., 1891.
Fort Totten ...-....- 15] 16) 15} 13] 10 9{ 12/ 11] 14] 16) 15] 16] Aug., 1869-Nov., 1890.
Fort Yates ......-.-.-.-- 12} ll) 2 9} 11 8 8] 13] 14] 16] 17] 15 | Jan., 1882-Dec., 1891.
Means ......-.---- 14] 13) 13] 12] 10 8} 10} 12} 14; 16] 15} 15 2
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Oct., 1880-Nov., 1885.
Fort Bennett .......----- 13| 10} 16| 10| 7| 7] 8| 13] 12] 15] 16| 16 Feb? 1880-00k.” 18BL
Deadwood ..-...-....---- 9| 8 7 6) 5 6; 8] 11] 12] 10] 10 8 | Jan., 1878-Dec., 1887.
Fort Hale ...-..---.----- 15) 15) 14] 12] 10 8} 11] 13} 22] 14] 22] 16] Jan., 1879-May, 1884.
Huron .......----.------ 11 9; 12 9 7 7 7 8) 11] 12) 14] 15] July, 1881-Dec., 1891.
Fort Meade ........---.. 14] 13] 12} 10 9 9} 11] 15} 20] 18} 16] 18] July, 1879-Dec., 1891.
Fort Randall ........--:.} 18] 15] 14; 11] 10 9) 12/ 138] 14] 17] 19] 16] Feb., 1860-Dec., 1891.
Rapid City..-....-...-.- 13 8 7 7 5 6 9 9| 15] 18] 11] 16] Jan., 1888-Dec., 1891.
Fort Sisseton........-.-. 14) 13; 14] 10 9 8 7| 12) 14] 13] 17] 183 )| Sept., 1876-Apr., 1889.
Fort Sully ...-...-..---- 14] 13] 14] 11 9; 10} 10/ 13) 15] 16] 14} 16] Jan., 1866-Dec., 1891.
Morrison .........-..---- 16| 14] 14] 12 8 5| 10} 13] 11] 14] 17] 12} July, 1877-July, 1884.
Webster ...-.....-..---- 8 9 9 8 7 5 6] 10; 10) 10] 13] 11] Dec., 1882-Dec., 1891.
Yankton ...-...-.-..-.-- 12} 12) 11 9 7 6 8 9} 11} 12] 13] 12] Apr., 1873-Dec., 189}.
Means ........---- 13 | 12) 12] 10; 8 7T| 9} 12] 14] 14] 15} 14 \
MINNESOTA.
Moorhead ......-.-.-.--. 10} 8] 10} 8} 8] 8] 9] 9] 10] 11] 10] 9] Jan, 1881-Dec., 1891.
St. Vincent.........--.-- 9 8| 11] 12) 11 8 6 8] 10] 11] 14] 11] Jam., 1881-Dec., 1891.
Means........--... 9 8] 10} 10 9) 8] 7 8] 10] 11] 12] 10
NEBRASKA. a,
Hay Springs ...-..-..-.-- 12| 10 9 9 9] 10 8] 10) 18] 15] 14] 16} Jan., 1886-Dec., 1891.
Fort Robinson ......-.--- 12) 11] 15] 12 9) 11) 11] 12] 20] 14] 14] 17! July, 1883-Dee., 1891.
Valentine ...--.--------- 2; 12) 1]; 9] 7 9) 10) 13] 14] 12] 15] 17 | Sept., 1885~Dec., 1891.
Means. ....--...--- 12]; 11] 12] 10 8} 10} 10) 12) 17] 14] 14] 17
Iowa. .
Slo Clty wsacinsaune exci 14} 16] 11} 9] 9] 7] 10] 10] 10] 14] 15] 15] Aug., 1857-Dec., 1891.
er

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

182
APPENDIX No. 81.

Average consecutive number of days without rain, excluding traces,

[A ‘‘trace” of rainfall means an amount too small to measure.]

 

 

 

  
   
 
  
 

   

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Station. Jan.|Feb.|Mar.| Apr. |May.|J une|July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. Nov Dec. Length of record.
NORTH DAKOTA.

Fort Abercrombie ...-..- 9 9 8 8 9 7 8 9} 11] 13 9 9} Aug., 1860-Oct., 1877.
Fort Abraham Lincoln...) 13}; 12} 11] 10 9 7 8) IL] 15) 14] 12] 14) July, 1873-July, 1891.
Bismarck ........-.:-.--[ 7 t 7 7 6 5 7 9 9) 10}; 10} 10} Sept., 1874-Dec., 1841.
Fort Buford..-... 10; 10] 11 9 9 6 9] 11] 14} 12] 10] 12) Sept., 1866-Dec., 1891.
Fort Pembina 12] 138] 12] 11] 10 7 8} 10) 10/- 12] 13] 11] Aug., 1871-Dec., 1891.
Fort Totten ......-. 11} 12] 12] 11 9 8 9 9) 12) 13} 11] 12] Aug., 1869-Nov., 1890.
Fort Yates ......-.....-- 11] 10} 10 9 9 6 7} 12) 14] 14] 11] 11] Jun., 1882-Dec., 1391.

Means ...-....---- 10} 10] 10 9 9 7 8) 10) 12] 13] 11]

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Fort Bennett ........---- a) 7) 9] 9) S|) 7] 7 B) a) do] a0) a4 [Ochs Tet Nov, Be
Deadwood ....-.2---+-+- 6; 6) 6| 6] 5} 5] 7] 101 11] 8] 8] 7] Jan; 1878-Dec., 1887.
Fort Hale.......-- 10{ 12] 13] il " 6] 1] 12,°18] 13] 13] 13) Jan, 1879-May, 1884.
Huron .........--. 7 7 8 8 5 6 5 7 8} 10} 10 9} July, 1881-Dec., 1891.
Fort Meade ....-.. 10 9 8 7 i 7 9] 138] 16) 13} 12] 13] July, 1879-Dec., 1891.
Fort Randall..---- ---| 12] 11] 12 9 8 y 9; 10] 12] 14] 12] 13] Feb., 1860-Dec., 1891.
Rapid City ........ ---| 10] 6] 6| 6] 5) 4] 6] 6} 10; 311) 10] 10] Jan.) 1888-Dec.? 1891.
Fort Sisseton ..... 8 8 7 7 5 6 5 8} 10} 10] 10 9 | Sept., 1876-Apr., 1889.
Fort Sully ......-- -| 10| 11) m| 9] 7] 8} 8| a] 13] 13] 12] 18] Jan.,” 1866-Dec. 1891.
Morrison . - -; 10] 11 8] 10 5 5 8} 10); 8] 11 8} 11] July, 1877-July, 1kx4.
Webster -| 8/ 7] 7] 8! 6] 5B] 5} 9] 9] 1] 12] 10| Dec; 1882-Dec.? 1891.
Yankton .......----.---- 8 9 8 7 6 6 7 7 9} 10) 11] 10] Apr., 1873-Dec., 1891.

Means .....-...... 9 9 9 8 6 6 7 Of Aa) ae a a

MINNESOTA.
Moorhead -...-..--..-.-- 7 6 5 7 7 6 6 7 8 9 8 8 | Jan., 1881-Dec., 1891.
St. Vincent........ cet. 7 8 9 8 6 5 8 8 8 9 9] Jan., 1881-Dec., 1891.

Meansiccessseaea-.| 7 6 6 8 T 6 5 7 8 8 8 8

NEBRASKA.
Hay Springs ....--..-..-| 10! 7 7 7 6 6 7 7; 12] 11} 10] 14] Jan.
Fort Robinson “112; a| wi} 10] 9| 9] 8] 12{ 18] 2] a2] 17] duty, 1883-Den’ 1891,
Valentine ....-...-...-.-) 10} 8] 10] 8] 6] 8) 9] 7{ 13} 11] 12] 13) Sept, 1885-Dec.) 1891.

Means....2.-...... i] 9} 10) 8] 7} 8} 8} 9} 4] a] a] 45

Iowa. = :

Sioux City -.......-...-. 13; 1] 1 9 8 6 9} 10 9) 12] 14] 15 | Aug., 1857-Dec., 1891.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

183
Apprenpix No. 82,

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days without traces and

with them.

(A See of rainfall moana an amount too small to measure, 0.01 inch being the smallest quantity measured by the Weather Bureau in
recording precipitation.]

BISMARCK, N. DAK.

 

Year.

Excluding traces.

Including traces.

 

No. of
days.

Dates (inclusive).

No. of

days.

Dates (inclusive).

 

 

 

 

Sept. 20-Oct, 12
Apr. 11-Apr. 24
May 1-May 12
Jan. 21-Feb. 9
Jan. 10-Jan. 23
Aug. 6-Aug. 19
Oct. 1-Oct. 14
Dec. 2-Dec. 28
Feb. 1-Feb. 15
Nov. 1-Nov. 18
Nov. 2-Nov, 19
Oct. 12-Oct. 28
Nov. 6-Nov. 21
Oct. 24-Nov. 14
Sept. 20-Oct. '13
ce 26-Aug. ia
Oct. 1-Oct. 19
Dec. 7-Dec. 23
Dec. 5-Dec. 18

 

 

23 | Sept. 20-Oct.
14 | Apr. 11-Apr.
12| May 1-May
31 | Jan. 21-Feb.
43 | Jan. 1-Feb.

25 | Sept. 6-Sept.

36 | Sept. 20-Oct.
27 | Dee. 2-Dec.

17 | Sept. 1-Sept.
24 | Sept. 7-Sept.

18 | Nov. 2-Nov.

19 | Sept. 12-Sept.

21 | Nov. 1-Nov.
22 | Oct. 24-Nov.
29 | Sept. 15-Oct.

53 | Oct. 1-Nov.

19 | Dec. 5-Dec.
21 | Jan. 2-Jan.

 

12.
24, |

 

FORT ABERCROMBIE, N. DAK.

 

 

17
19

Dec. 6-Dec. 22
Oct. 13-Oct. 31
Feb. 3-Feb. 12
eave 3-Nov. 12
Noy. 9-Nov. 29
Oct. 9-Oct. 26
Jan. 18-Jan. 30
Sept. 22-Oct. 13
Sept. 9-Sept. 30
Oct. 5-Oct. 27
June 9-June 19
Sept. 17-Oct. 11
July 15-July 28
Oct. 1-Oct. 19

 

24 | Dec. 1-Dec.
57 | Oct. 4-Nov.

18 | Nov. 1-Nov.

46 | Sept. 16-Oct.
36 Bont. 26-Oct.
40 | Jan. 4-Feb.
34 | Nov. 19-Dee.
25 | Aug. 2-Aug,
27 | Oct. 1-Oct.
45 | Nov. 17-Dec.
61 | Nov. 1-Dec.
90 | Jan. 1-Mar.
19 | Oct. 1-Oct.

 

 

. DAK.

 

 

 

28

17
35

Feb. 1-Feb. 28
Mar. 15-Mar. 31

 

Sept. 14-Oct. 18

 

28 Dec. 1-Dec.
31) Dec. 1-Dec.
35 | Sept. 14-Oct.

ee 1-Feb.

 

18.
CERTAIN OLIMATIO FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS, 185

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, ctc-—Continued.

FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, N, DAK.—Continued.

 

 

Excluding traces. Including traces.
Year. :
aa. Dates (inclusive). ae Dates (inclusive).

 

38 | Jan. 14-Feb. 20 39 | Jan. 13-Feb. 20.
22 | Sept. 9-Sept. 30 40 | Nov. 1-Dee. 1

23 | Sept. 1-Sept. 23 44 | Sept. 1-Oct. 14.
26 | Sept.19-Oct. 14 113 | Jan. 1-Apr. 22.
41 | Nov. 18-Dec. 28 49 Nov. 13-Dec. 81.
22 | Jan. 25-Feb. 15 48 | Jan. 1-Feb. 17.
29 | Oct. 21-Nov. 18 29 | Oct. 21-Nov. 18.
26 | Oct. 5-Oct. 30 26 | Oct. 5-Oct. a
19 | Sept.12-Sept.30! 19 Nee eee
33 | Oct. 20-Nov. 21 34 | Oct. 20-Nov. 22.
14 | Nov. 1-Nov. 14 18 | Sept. 13-Sept. 30.
88 | Nov. 15-Dec. 22 88 | Nov. 15-Dec. 22.
31] Oct. 1-Oct. 31 53 |®Oct. 1-Nov. 22.
36 | Jan. 12-Feb. 16 36 | Jan. 12-Feb. 16.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1October 17-November 22 (37). . 2January and October. ® April and 29 days December.

FORT BUFORD, N. DAK.

 

19 | Mar. 1-Mar. 19 25 | Mar. 1-Mar. 25.
26 | Mar. 6-Mar. 31 26 | Mar. 6-Mar. 31.
27| Jan. 1-Jan. 27 47 | Jan. 1-Feb. 16.
30 | Apr. 15-May 14 30 | Apr. 15-May 14.
29 | Sept. 1-Sept. 29 43 | Mar. 17-Apr. 28.
37 | Feb. 1-Mar. 8 37 | Feb. 1-Mar. 8.
27 | Dec. 1-Dec. 27 36 | July 1-Aug. 5.
44 | Sept. 10-Oct. 23 44 | Sept. 10-Oct. 23.
31 | Dee. 1-Dec. 31 81 | Dec. 1-Dec. 31.
39 | July 1-Aug. 8 39 | July 1-Aug. 8
59 PJan. 15-Mar. 14 59 | Jan. 15-Mar. 14.
46 | Jan. 1-Feb. 15 46 | Jan. 1-Feb. 15.
14 | Mar. 18-Mar. 31 20 | Mar. 12-Mar. 31.
22 | Aug. 5-Aug. 26 22 | Aug. 5-Aug. 26.
22 | July 23-Aug. 13 22 | July 23-Ang. 13.
12| Apr. 9-Apr. 20 25 | Oct. 24-Nov. 18.
12 | May 18-May 29 19 | Noy. 1-Nov. 19.
25 | Sept. 15-Oct. 9 44 | Sept. 15-Oct. 28.
14 | May 14-May 27 21) Aug. 5-Aug. 25.
17 | Sept. 14-Sept. 30 18 | Sept. 13-Sept. 30.
14 | Aug. 17-Aug. 30 38 | Nov. 15-Dec. 22.
21 | Oet. 1-Oct. 21 42 | Oct. 1-Nov. 11.
23 | Nov. 2-Nov. 24 24 | Nov. 1-Nov. 24.
12| Dee. 4-Dee. 15 20 | Sept. 2-Sept. 21.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1September 19-October 1€ (37). 2 August 1-September 12 (43).

FORT PEMBINA, N. DAK.

 

13 | Feb. 9-Feb. 21 23) Feb. 4-Feb. 26.
21 | Mar. 1-Mar. 21 21 | Mar. 1-Mur. 21.
27 | Mar. 21-Apr. 16 27 | Mar. 21-Apr. 16.
13 | Feb. 3-Feb. 15 18 | Feb. 1-Feb. 18.
17 | Jan. 5-Jan. 21 17| Jan. 5-Jan. 21.
34 | Jan. 18-Feb. 20 34 | Jan. 18-Feb. 20.
25 | Jan. 6-Jan. 31 25 | Jan. 6-Jan. 31.
17 | Mar. 14—-Mar. 30 18 | Mar. 14-Mar. 31.
30 | Nov. 1-Nov. 30 30 | Nov. 1-Nov. 30.
23 | Apr. 1-Apr. 23 23 | Apr. 1-Apr. 23.
20 | Mar. 12-Mar. 31 25 | Mar. 7-Mar. 31,

 

8. Ex. 157-——24
186 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, ete.—Continued.

FORT PEMBINA, N. DAK.—Continued.

 

Excluding traces.

Including traces.

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year.
ae Dates (inclusive). pe Dates (inclusive).
=
DSSS sci esc ena ce Sater ttpeececta diana ds aes utes Lecrolateitensia aicvcen lero ita aiaeee 28 | Sept. 13-Oct. 10 48’| Nov. 13-Dec. 30.
SSG cy cseyarcvchateats sey sarsre Spoye lala ak epewe exe cise satel aee tale dicta eee atee ae 22! Nov. 1-Nov. 22 26 | Mar. 20-Apr. 14.
SBE tard fafa riaios Srsere cpexhew etek Sica marclain ate latejets K quae arses Be diem ree ois 15 | Nov. 1-Nov. 15 20 | Apr. 11-Apr. 30.
SBS i ccorocatc css Sacicaan crayaiaratanarssc ies we paded Banaciarseetaceeme ee Saw aoeee Sees 29 | Nov. 2-Nov. 30 29 | Nov. 2-Nov. 30.
NS BON casa aicte chaser SS Sicha whch RE CR IAeto oa erent ne avers 29 | Sept. 25-Oct. 23 29 | Sept. 25-Oct. 23.
AS9O} cc dctcdinals our Sesser edie sa ontmiese Reet ma mee ancabonvem ea eens 28 | Nov. 2-Nov. 29 28 | Nov. 2-Nov. 29.
SOD ae pacar bey heh dt Sete yea ie SRS ESE tee cee net misuctice 24 | Aug. 21-Sept. 13 24 | Aug. 21-Sept. 13,
IMGBIIB sae ciarsiceeiciciets sisi eis ae oes MES ewes eeecee apse oe 2S. lacmaedisiennien seewey 26
‘Sept. 8-Sept. 30 31] Jan. 1-Jan. 31.
Feb. 8-Feb. 28 27 | July 1-July 27.
Oct. 1-Oct. 27 29 | Oct. 1-Oct. 29.
Dec. 1-Dec. 25 30 | Dee. %-Dee. 30.
Oct. 5-Oct. 23 36 | Sept. 18-Oct. 23.
Feb. 1-Feb. 20 20 | Feb. 1-Feb. 20.
Apr. 10-May 13 42 | Oct. 1-Nov. 11.
Jan. 15-Feb. 28 45 P Jan. 15-lFeb. 28.
eJan. 1-Jan. 31 31 Jan. 1-Jan. 31,
b Apr. Q9-Apr. 29 25 | Nov. 1-Nov. 25,
Sept. 23-Oct. 13 54] Feb. 1-Mar. 25,
Dec. 17-Dec. 31 31 |*Dec. 1-Dec. 31.
Sept. 12-Sept. 26 a
Fae eet 261 33 | Jan. 18-Veb. 19.
Sept. 4-Sept. 18
; vay 26-Ave, 95) 23 | Mar. 6-Mar. 28,
Mar. 13-Mar. 30 18 | Mar. 13-Mar. 30.
7Feb. 7-Feb. 28 22] Feb. 7-Feb. 28.
Mar. 20-Apr. 9 22 |? Mar. 20-Apr. 10,
Oct. 24-Nov. 12 20 | Oct. 24-Nov. 12.
May 12-May 27 35 | Nov.. 7-Dec. 11.
Oct. 1-Nov. 12 43 | Oct. 1-Nov. 12,
Oct. 18-Nov. 30 44 | Oct. 18-Nov. 30.
Kismeeeen ene meees 31
1 August 2-August 22 (21). 2 August 1-September 14 (45); October 16-November 15 (31). 3 March 12-April 7 (27).
4July 18-August 11 (25). 5 October 10-October 28 (19); December 11-December 29 (19); November 2-November 20 (19).
6 March 18-April 13. 7 November 12--November 28 (17). § November 1-November 21 (21). ® December 1-December 3] (31),
FORT YATES, N. DAK.
18 | Aug. 1-Aug. 18 35 | Jan. 13-Feb. 17,
54) Aug. 12-Oct. 4 64 |' Aug. 12-Oct. 14.
24 | Oct. 5-Oct. 28 46 | Oct. 5-Nov. 19.
18 |? Oct. 11-Oct. 28 19 | Nov. 12~Nov. 30,
15 | Oct. 25-Nov. 8 34 | Oct. 20-Nov. 22.
16 | Oct. 23-Nov. 7 81 | Dec. 1-Dec. 31.
29 | Sept. 15-Oct. 13 38 | Nov. 16-Dec. 23.
26 | Mar. 20-Apr. 14 26 |) Mar. 20-Apr. 14,
30 | Jan. 18-Feb. 16 30 | Jan. 18-Feb. 16.
19 | Jan. 13-Jan. 31 19 | Jan. 13-Jan. 31.
Doi ei So eset ts 3 84
1 October 21-November 30 (41); April 23-May 19 (27). 8 February 16-March 12 (25); July 25-August 17 (24).

* September 14-September 30 (17).
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

187

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, ete.—Continued.

DEADWOOD, 8. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Excluding traces. Including traces.
Year. Neue uae
0. 0 . , P ,
days. Dates (inclusive). days. Dates (inclusive).
13 | Oct. 1-Oct. 13 24) Jan. 8-Jan. 31.
11 | Dec. 2-Dec. 12 11 | Dec. 2-Dec. 12.
Aug. 3-Aug. 18
16 Spon 9-Dec. oa 18 | Dec. 9-Dec. 26.
18 | Aug. 1-Aug. 18 18 Aug. 1-Aug. 18.
17 | Sept. 14-Sept. 30 17 | Sept. 14-Sept. 30.
15 | Nov. 1-Nov. 15 16 | Nov. 1-Nov. 16.
19 | Sept. 12-Sept. 30 19 | Sept. 12-Sept. 30.
15!-July 1-July 15 15 | July 1-July 15.
12 | June 13-June 24 16 | June 13-June 28.
1D! | eceeie decrsememete 17
; 1 August 4-August 18 (15).
FORT BENNETT, 8. DAK. \
(Sept. 3-Sept. 17 S
pe Ae ut 23 | Jan.s24-Feb. 15.
Oct. 25-Nov. 8 37 | Oct. 25-Nov. 30.
Nov. 3-Nov. 15 25 | Nov. 1-Nov. 25.
Sept. 13-Oct. 4 27 | Sept. 13-Oct. 9.
Dec. 5-Dec. 31 30 | Jan. 19-Feb. 17.
somes iewaaiseweees’s 28
*
Oct. 17-Nov. 11] 45 | Oct. 17-Nov. 30.
Sept. 1-Sept. 30 36 |! Mar. 13-Apr. 17.
Dee. 11-Dec. 31 31 | Dec. 1-Dee. 31.
Sept. 1-Sept. 26 30 | Sept. 1-Sept. 30.
Oct. 24-Nov. 30 38 | Oct. 24-Nov. 30.
Licisisie@eueauisesioes 36
ad
1 October 16-November 18 (34).
FORT MEADE, S. DAK.
25 | Mar. 20-Apr. 13 45 | Sept. 1-Oct. 15.
19 | Dec. 9-Dec. 27 45 | Sept. 7-Oct. 21,
20 | Aug. 1-Aug. 20 22) Jan. 1-Jan. 22.
15 | July 7-July 21 43 | Feb. 3-Mar. 17.
16 | Oct. 3-Oct. 18 45 | Oct. 3-Noy. 16.
26 cee pee 8 29 | Sept. 10-Oct. x.
ug. 4-Aug. 18
15 ns in Set. 30;| 38 | Oct. 12-Nov. 13.
15 | June 13-June 27 23 | Jan. 8-Jan. 30.
29 | Sept. 2-Sept. 30 45 | Aug. 17-Sept. 30.-
34 | July 29-Aug. 31 34 | July 29-Aug. 31.
50 |'Sept. 4-Oct. 2 50 P Sept. 4-Oct. 23,
36 Oct. 5-Nov. 9 36 | Oct. 5-Nov. 9.
OD, |saecendcewsn coc ute 38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

} Also 22 daya November. 2 Also 29 days December.

5 Also 27 days December.
©

188

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTOS,

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, ete—Continued.

FORT RANDALL, 8. DAK.

j

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Excluding traces. Including traces,
Year. No. af No.of <
age, Dates (inclusive). dave, Dates (inclusive),
25 | Oct. 1-Oct. 25 28 | Nov. 3-Nov. 30.
23 | Mar. 3-Mar. 25 26 | Mar. 3-Mar, 28.
17 | Dec. 15-Dec. 31 25 | Apr. 17-May 11.
21 | Mar. 20-Apr. 9 31 | Feb. 16-Mar. 18,
45 | Nov. 17-Dec. 31 61 | Nov, 1-Dee. 31.
24 | Dec. 7-Dec. 30 25 | Dee. 7-Dec. 31,
27| Jan. 1-Jan. 27 31| Jan. 1-Jan. 31.
18 | Oct. 8-Oct. 25 43 ) Jan. 17-Feb. 28.
16 | Sept. 14-Sept. 29 28 | Jan. 1-Jan. 28.
22 | Oct. 5-Oct. 26 49 ? Jan. 1-Feb. 18.
26 | Sept. 1-Sept. 26 28 | Aug. 2-Aug. 29.
15 ROE Foe Sy «(IT | Feb. 6-Feb. 22
Dec. 17-Dec. 31 + O-Feb. aa,
29'| Oct. 9-Nov. 6 61 | Oct. 1-Nov.°30.
29 | Sept. 21-Oct. 19 29 | Sept. 21-Oct. 19.
30 | Jan. 20-Feb. 18 49 | Jan. 1-Feb. 18.
14 |\Jan. 10-Jan. 23 34 | Mov. 11-Dec. 14.
40 | Oct. 16-Nov. 24 46 P Oct. 16-Nov. 30.
31 | Mar. 18-Apr. 17 61 | Oct. 16-Dec. 15,
21 | Dec. 11-Dee. 31 27 | Aug. 3-Aug. 29.
24 | Sept. 1-Sept. 24 50 | Oct. 12-Nov. 30.
31 | Aug. ae a . 87 |tOct. 25-Nov. 30.
ov. 3-Nov. 5
18 Ten, Erek ong 27 | Nov. 1-Nov. 27.
24 | Nov. 7-Nov. 30 24 | Nov. 7-Nov. 30.
17| July 1-July 17 28 | July 1-July 28.
22 | Nov. 1-Nov. 22 22 | Nov. 1-Nov. 22.
19 | Mar. 5-Mar. 23 30 | Nov. 1-Nov. 30.
32 | Feb. 16-Mar. 19 32 | Feb. 16-Mar. 19.
38 | Jan. 15-Feb. 21 38 | Jan. 15-Fel. 21,
24) Mar. 4-Mar. 27 24 | Mar. 4-Mar. 27.
2D Nosisie’s wwe Tse 35
VJanuary 13-Jannary 28 (16), and December 1-December 16 (16). 3 January 1-February 11 (42).
3 September 12-October 26 (45). 4 February 14-March 18 (33); August 15-September 18 (38).
FORT SISSETON, 8S. DAK.
Apr. 11-Apr. 20
1878 Sota Ate eoh eee net Hes evel eee wets sees es esas eee lm eis erewie .wintale Sie. 10 ae 18-Sept. a74 50 | Oct. 12-Nov. 30.
Jan. 1-Jan. 11
ONE her deh ated hahha he a es eee ee ace 11 Onn a6Nev. By 25 Oct. 18-Nov. 11.
PRB Me 58 Noe cose ae en Ss sat SN OE A hk Ce ee haa ee oe 13 | Mar. 17-Mar. 29 35 | Nov. 14-Dec. 18.
bs §jAug. 1-Aug. 19.
ISS 25s ccmeemeesase areeees Cee center nsec eed Pon eeban once, 18 | Dec. 14-Dee. 31 19 )Sept. 10-Sept. 28.
RB ot ayia Bote hd lig ay US A a paca eau oe eo ad hare Sateen aaee 22 is Ae 22 30 | Nov. 1-Nov. 30.
ct. 6-Oct. 19
NO84 cs Jost eSiagnimade ds Hated Ceca & eed seen oe eceoeseesis 14 Now. 2-Nov. is 18 | Nov. 2-Nov. 19.
TR Ey eesti bs Bb te oO Math eects cee: Su NA ah RS Sins Bh 17 a se 17 | Sept. 14-Sept. 30.
° ept. co-OUct.
LSS Seca anc ac errata i a eet ete nna ae 16 peer 6-Nov. a 19 | Nov. 3-Nov. 21.
NS87 seiceewessawnss weacecacsicaennsiasssAcudmeweueeiwanitiemiad oeee 13 | Dec. 5-Dec. 17 36 | Feb. 11-Mar. 18.
MGA oa (ais. Scie aiaicth: ocsis's sanalsieisisia. cle ccierecieaid’s Se caaSesueees a 15>) sciwisis cidwivis waineeieee 28
1 December 3-December 25 (23).
FORT SULLY, 8S. DAK.
28 | Dee. 2-Dec. 29 31 | Oct. 1-Oct. 31.
27 | Nov. 14-Dec. 10 48 | Nov. 14-Dec. 31.
29 | Sept. 1-Sept. 29 34 | Feb. 8-Mary-13.
27 | Oct, 1-Oct. 27 31 | Jan. 1-Jan. 31,
* 23 | Dee. 9-Dee. 31 23) Dec. 9-Dec. 31.
31 | Apr. 5-Apr. 25 21 | Apr. 5-Apr. 25,

 

 

 

128 in January, 30 in March, 27 in June; July 15-August 12 (29).

 

 
‘

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

189

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, etc.—Continued.

FORT SULLY, S. DAK.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Excluding traces. Including traces.
Year. 7 :
a Dates (inclusive). ao Dates (inclusive).
a ; 4 é
20 | Oct. 26-Nov. 14 87 | Oct. 9-Nov. 14.
22 | Sept.13-Oct. 4 87 | Sept. 13-Oct. 19.
39 | Jan. 19-Feb. 26 89 | Jan. 19-Feb. 26.
23| Mar. 9-Mar. 31 28 | Jan. 1-Jan. 28.
25 | Nov. 1-Nov. 25 25 | Nov. 1-Nov. 25.
17 | Sept. 1-Sept. 17 27 | Nov. 20-Dec. 16.
43 | Nov. 19-Dee. 31 50 | Nov. 12-Dec. 31.
24 | Jan. 23-Feb, 15 48 | Aug. 9-Sept. 25.
41 | Oct. 21-Nov. 30 41 | Oct. 21-Nov. 30.
47 | Oct. 5-Nov. 20 48 | Oct. 5-Nov. 21,
23S Rept oct: oot 87 | Sept. 12-Oct. 18,
Feb. 15-Feb. 23
9, ea ine at 19 | Oct. 13-Oct. 31.
45 | Feb. 2-Mar. 18 67 || Feb. 2-Apr. 9.
16 | Sept. 15-Sept. 30 25 | Nov. 16-Dec. 10.
23 | Feb. 25-Mar. 19 25 | Feb. 23-Mar. 19.
15 | Dec. 16-Dec. 30 25 | Dec. 6-Dec. 30.
16 | July 1-July 16 22 |?Dec, 2~Dec. 23.
26: (ws sjarcieiesais sercewslss 34
x 1 October 24~November 24 (32), 2 October 23-November 13 (22).
HURON, 8S. DAK.
18 | Oct. 12-Oct. 29 20 | Oct. 12-Oct. 31.
10 | Sept. 24-Oct. 3 25 | Nov. 6-Nov. 30.
14 | Oct. 6-Oct. 19 21 | Nov. 1-Nov. 21.
19 | Nov. 12-Nov. 30 23 | Dee. 9-Dec. 31.
16 | June 21-July 6 16 |' June 21-July 6.
20 | Oct. 24-Nov. 12 20 Oct. 24-Nov. 12.
18 seth eae 9 38 | Nov. 16-Dec. 23.
ar, 2-Mar. 11
BO ac ccna vananneamnenes staan nengene onmtsenedtbots caueueen 10 oer IcOct 10;| , 16 | Nov. 15-Nov. 30.
DRO 0 a aiccacisscieieiereiy sit ind ASME Halse Sacswioe cereme es bea mbe a Sbalarermad 16 | Dec. 16-Dec. 31 '26 | Dec. 6-Dec. 31.
1SOL, soetes ngs cement sstsae eos cieewias emedes sheers Bee meriee deek ees 11 | Oct. 22-Nov. 1 25 | Oct. 14-Nov. 7.
MGATIBs 2s .cis wit cie tet epaiticre beemiccsiceneamaenseu ed weds eee LD) || ensie Sioseiey sieterexetare orale 23
4
' February 11-February 26 (16). 2 September 11-September 30 (20).
RAPID CITY, S, DAK.
Sept. 15-Sept. 30
TESS sc aalanieirtioctes sive Saagulend arate ima meneinern ame wesaas 16 | Ae Sot, oy, 24 | Aug. 21-Sept. 13.
1889 asicce sececcsecaniceeneecne onaspecsusieaaells cee doeneeeaad 12 | Feb. es Mar 7 18 | Feb. 24-Mar. 13.
Jan. 20-Jan. 31
TRGO ax satiate errant dice ecotbcnineennts wink ai snitenenbanmeneee 12 Soars Tent, 30,| 27 | Sept. 4-Sept. 30.
ASON cies esiciole ysietsinie be riaiarecyneciom sic amen eenmeeeee eee desiiekes. 19 | Oct. 21-Nov. 8 28 | Oct. 13-Nov. 9.
Means) (2. sosicaanss ate ene vee Senge ssenncmsaw nese page| AE icadewecekncsie acl! 222
Aug. 10-Aug. 31 24) Jan. 4-Jan. 27.
Jan. 1-Jan. 14} 29 | July 20-Aug. 17.
Feb. 6-Feb. 23 31 | Mar. 18-Apr. 17.
Dec. 11-Dec. 28 28) Apr. 12-May 9.
Oct. 12-Oct. 31 20 | Oct.12-Oct. 81.

 

 

ewe ce ne were ceesen

 

 

 

 

 
t
190

CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, etc.—Continued.

WEBSTER, S. DAK.

 

Excluding traces.

Including traces.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. No, of No. of
0. 0: . : 0. s &
days. Dates (inclusive). | 4 ays. Dates Gastar)
17 | Nov. 3-Nov. 19 17 | Nov. 3-Nov. 19.
18 |! Sept. 13-Sept. 30. 28 | Feb. 1-Feb. 28.
11 | Nov. 10-Nov. 20. 14 | Mar. 14-Mar., 27.
8| May 3-May 10. 12 | Nov. 1-Nov. 12.
81 | Nov. 15-Dec. 15. 31 | Nov. 15-Dec. 15.
21 | July 29-Aug. 18. 21 | July 29-Aug. 18.
16 | Nov. 15-Nov. 30. 19 | Dec. 5-Dec. 23.
12 | Oct. 18-Oct. 29. 13 | Oct. 18-Oct. 30...
MANS: coe cennesanars Sassuidese ee aanees sured Sale sie aanwes D2 |oxee-csueacteneeees 19
\ February 6-February 22 (17); January 12-January 27 (16).
; YANKTON, 8S. DAK.
A
16 | Fob. 6-Feb. 21 16} Feb. 6-Feb. 21.
14 | Nov. 1-Nov. 14 14] Nov. 1-Nov. 14.
13 | Feb. 1-Feb. 13 25 | Feb. 1-Feb. 25.
30 | Jan. 22-Feb. 20 32 | Jan. 20-Feb. 20.
20'| Oct. 2-Oct, 21 27 | Nov. 11-Dec. 7. _
16 | Sept. 7-Sept. 22 21 | Jan. 11-Jan. 31.
15 | Apr. 3-Apr. 17 21 | Nov. 24-Dec. 14.
11 Nov. 19-Nov. 29 UW Mar. 17-Mar. 27.
Mar. 17-Mar. 27 Nov. 19-Nov. 29.
18 | Oct. 13-Oct. 30 26 |?Sept. 1-Sept. 26.
16 |.Aug. 16-Ang. 31 28 P Aug. 16-Sept. 12.
13 | Nov. 3-Nov. 15 20 |.Nov. 1-Nov. 20.
14 | Dec. 14-Dec. 27 24 |*Mar. 8-Mar. 31.
16 | Sept. 26-Oct. 11 26 | Sept. 26-Oct. 21.
31 | Oct. 24-Nov. 23 31 | Oct. 24-Nov. 23.
10 | Dec. 1-Dec. 10 17 | Jan. 15-Jan. 31.
16 | Mar. 22-Apr. 6
Pele ice 16 20 | Feb. 23-Mar. 14.
°25') Dec. 1-Dee. 25 34 | Jan. 16-Feb. 18.
19 | Oct. 22-Nov. 9 20 | Oct. 22-Nov. 10.
Li lxivackahpeencenks 23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 October 17-October 31 (15); November 12-November 26 (15).
2 January 1January 25.

3 November 6-November 30.
4 December 9-December 31 (23).
CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

191

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, etc.—Continued.

MOORHEAD, MINN.

 

Excluding traces.

Including traces.

 

Year.
No. of
days.

Dates (inclusive).

No. of
days.

Dates (inclusive).

 

Mar. 1-Mar. 9
Oct. 19-Oct. 27

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

July 1-July 9 16 | July 16-July 31.
Dec. 10-Dec. 18
Aug. 8-Aug. 18 19 | Aug. 1-Aug. 19.
June 18-June 30 25 | June 16-July 10.
Oct. 6-Oct. 18
= 3-Aug. By 15 | Aug. 3-Aug. 17.
Sept. 18-Sept. 27 29 | Jan. 1-Jan. 29.
May 1-May 29] 19 BNO “3 Nov. 21
Oct. 21-Nov. 3 18 yOct. 21-Nov. 7.
Ssent, 13-Sept. 30 Sept. 13-Sept. 30.
Nov. 17-Nov. 27 14 | Nov. 17-Nov. 30.
Oct. 1-Oct. 11
; eae jay 29 | Nov. 4-Nov. 29.
Nov. 10-Nov. 30
Pee Ror See 28] Dec. S-Dee, 30.
Oct. 18-Oct. 29 13 | Oct. 18-Oct. 30.
Apr. 3-Apr. 14 22} Apr. 2-Apr. 23.
)Nov. 7T-Nov. 22.
Apr. 10-Apr. 24 16 |! Apr. 10-Apr. 25.
Sept. 7-Sept. 19 22 | Mar. 10-Mar. 31.
May 1-May 21 21} May 1-May 21.
Sept. 16-Sept. 27 15 | Sept. 16-Sept. 30.
Dec. 1-Dec. 17 20 | Nov. 2-Nov. 21.
Oct. 24-Nov. 6 27 | Oct. 20-Nov. 15.
Aug. 20-Aug. 31 24 | May 4-May 27.
Feb. 17-Feb. 28 26 | Sept. 26-Oct. 21,
Nov. 13-Nov. 29 29 | Nov. 1-Nov. 29.
Dec. 6-Dec. 19 20 | Aug. 22-Sept. 10.
irectenemmerateeemrs (re
\
Sept. 16-Sept. 26 13 | Aug. 14-Aug. 26.
Jan. 7-Jan. 21 22 | Nov. 1-Nov. 22.
Sept. 14-Sept. 30 40 |' Aug. 22-Sept. 30.
Dec. 11-Dec. 27 23 | Aug. 20-Sept. 11.
?Dec. 4-Dec. 30 30 | Sept. 1-Sept. 30.
Dee. 3-Dec. 20 27 | Apr. 21-May 17.
ciclctata Sich dl ool Seercpa 26
1 November 16-December 16 (31). 219 in October and 16 in November.
« FORT ROBINSON, NEBR.
1884 19} Mar. 1-Mar. 19 19 | Mar. 1-Mar. 19.
DSBS cidctomeaiaisicia aie Ge wersmeeeesancene 35 | Feb. 9-Mar. 15 35 | Feb. 9-Mar. 15.
1886 29 |'Sept. 2-Sept. 30 29 | Sept. 2-Sept. 30.
1887 24 | Oct. 24-Nov. 16 24 2 Oct. 24-Nov. 16.
1888 39 | Nov. 16-Dec. 24 71 | Aug. 22-Oct. 3.
1889 37 | Nov. 21-Dec. 27 40 | Mar. 1-Apr. 9

 

+ August 4-August 31 (28).

? June &June 29 (22); March 5-March 25 (21).
192 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Maximum period of drought expressed by the greatest consecutive number of days, ete.—Continued.

FORT ROBINSON, NEBR.—Continued.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Excluding traces. Including traces.
Year. >
ree Dates (inclusive). ce Dates (inclusive).
Sept. 1-Sept. 30.
OU Go AA eres sane era cece eed 30 |'Sept. 1-Sept.30| 30 |} EePt t Kept. 30.
TSO: crcsars decisteysjacoceredeeiale gieinige Bate ed elscit ccediatewesawecanedes 26 | Oct. 12-Nov. 6 26 | Oct. 12-Nov. 6.
MOODS vices ecciacreisiosicen- ced cieice ehsiatien tina ica seeiercm adinnsie nine SO! lvenSas sese ccecieres 34
1 December 2~-December 30 (29).
VALENTINE, NEBR.
F
ISSG6i22 a ccigocesssaed soc eRe ate ace ceee as t ced ees ee eee 16 | July 1-July 16 17 | July 1-Joly 17.
WSBT wscccsanesirecicia.c Hiareie's otnpe@eiede sone tee ee Sass eee Shee bees ee sae 30 ve 24-Nov. 22 32 ae 24-Nov. 24.
. pr. 10-Apr. 26 pr. 10-Apr. 26.
LEME awa: ee EP be L A k eh iar gee ee VON VE tt tig ot ge ee ad ee 1-Jan. im if on 1-Jan, 17.
1889.00 2sce0 gs e828 YD enim ieee ams a sie selceeieeewices ede sce aseeee 23 | Nov. 28-Dec. 20 37 |'Nov. 14-Dec. 20.
1890). osciccisees oj su ewes ms eijeiecte eos mieseikisdienie ¥ ciees Seemicle Stas 2£ | Dee. T-Dee. 30 28 | Dec. 3-Dec. 30.
1891 3. swe snieee’s purseecesetenteciec istgriWe tied wapowee se Enea cesar ees 35 P Oct. 6-Nov. 9 38 P Oct. 6-Nov. 12.
MG Wnw eae a sabe aeccc acs its ca tcnenclc areeasmn wane | | Se I waleemncnaceonnasaae 0G eidaeeaiehisian:
1 August 1-August 31 (31); Feb. 16-March 19 (32). 2 September 1-September 22 (22). 3 December 4-December 23 (20).

SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

 

25 | Dec. 7-Dec.- 31 25 | Dec. 7-Dec. 31.
27 | July 23-Aug. 18 28 | Feb. 1-Feb. 28.
51 |? Oct. 11-Nov. 30 51 /} Oct. 11-Nov. 30.
26 | Dec. 5-Dec. 26 26 | Dec. 5-Dec. 30.

Sept. 12-Sept. 23
12 Oe Nee oe] 19. | Oct. 22-Nov. 9,

DS) | aicieuis wesc g Series 30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

} March 8—March 31 (24). 8 December 13, 1862-January 22, 1863 (41). § March 13-A pril 15 (28).
Appenpix No. ‘83.

Depth of evaporation, in inches, as measured by the Piche evaporometer, for the year ending June 30,
: *1888, ‘
4

ie , . . £
[Observations made in Weather Bureau thermometer shelters and values computed from the means of the tridaily determinations of the dew-
point and wet-bulb readings by Prof. Thomas Russell, Weather Bureau.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Station, 1888. | 1888. | 1888. | 1888. | 1888. | 1888. | 1887. | 1887. | 1887. | 1887. | 1887. | 1887. | Year.

Bismarck, N. Dak.......-.-.--- 0.4} 0.6) 0.6] 3.0) 4.3) 41] 5.6] 4.2) 40) 2.6)] 1.2! 0.4; 31.0
Fort Buford, N. Dak ..-........ | 14] 0.7] 0.6) 3.0] 47) 5.0] 62) 49! 481 3.0) 1.7] 05) 35.5
Huron, 8. Dak...-..-2--22-2.-- 0.3] 0.7] 0.8] 3.7) 37) 41] 57] 4.2) 41, 3.1) 2.4] 0.7] 33.0
Moorhead, Minn......--..----- 0.2); 14] 0.5) 2.1] 3.6) 3.8] 3.7] 3.3) 35) 2.4) 1.3] 05] 26.3
Poplar River, Mont..--.-...---- 0.4/0.8] 0.8) 27) 49] 57] 60} 4.8) 44] 2.5] 17) 0.7) 35.4
Fort Sully, 8. Dak ....-...---.- 0.6) 09] 13] 4.4) 41] 52] 77) 49) 5.7] 36) 28) 071 41.9
St. Vincent, Minn.............. 0.3) 038] 05] 18] 38] 39) 31] 26) 26); 2.0; 0.9) 03] 22.1
Fort Totten, N. Dak 0.2]; 0.3] 0.4] 2.2) 4.6) 38) 4.2/) 3.7) 37] 23] 14) 0.4) 27.2
‘Valentine, Nebr ......-....---- 12) 16] 18] 5.0] 3.2] 5.3] 69) 5.0] 5.2] 3.8] 3.3) 1.5) 43.8
Yankton, 8. Dak........-.....- 04) L4] 1.2) 3.3).381) 44) 46) 37] 29) 30] 22] 0.8) 31.0

 

 

-Apprenpix No. 84.

Monthly and annual mean relative humidity.

[Expressed in percentages. Complete saturation at the existing temperature at time of observation is assumed as 100.]

 

An- |

Station. Jan.|Feb.|Mar.| Apr. |May.| June|July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. 'Nov.| Dec. Gaal’

Length of record.

 

Bismarek, N. Dak -..-) 80] 81] 78] 68] 65] 69] 65] 65] 65] 67] 76] 78) 71. Sept., 1874-Dec., 1891.
Fort Buford, N.Dak.| 79 | 79] 77; 65| 60] 66] 63] 61] 62) 68] 77} 79] 70° 1879-1891.
Fort Totten, N.Dak.| 80] 82) 83] 75 {| 63] 74} 75] 73} 70] 71 | 80] 82] 76: June, 1884—Jan., 1889.
Fort Bennett, §.Dak 73; 731 72! 67] 67! 70| 67| 651 631 65 | 72) 74 | 69! Oct., 1880-Nov., 1885.
Deadwood, 8. Dak ..| 70! 70| 70| 70| 67] 67] 64] 63] 63 | 65] 67] 70| 67 1878-1887,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

|
Huron, 8. Dak ....-. 73! 75) 73| 66! 65] 72! 72! 72) 68! 67; 69: 711 70 | July, 1881-Dec.. 1891.
Rapid City, 8.Dak..|. 70 | 72] 69] 56] 58) 59| 54] 54] 50] 55] 63] 63] 60: 1888-1891.
Fort Sully, 8. Dak...| 76) 75 | 73) 61] 58| 65] 58] 62! 58] 63] 66) 76/| 66; Deec., 1885-June, 1891.
Yankton, §.Dak -...) 71 | 71) 70] 65] 66| 71) 71| 71! 69] 66] 69} 72) 69] Apr., 1873-Dec., 1891.
Moorhead, Minn ....) 84 | 82] 79] 71] 64 | 71] 74! 73) 72] 72] 80) 83! 75 1881-1891.
St. Vincent, Minn ...| 86 | 84) 83 | 77 | 69| 73| 78) 79| 78) 77| 79) 83 79 1881-1891.
Means .......- 77} 77) 7 | 67} 64] 69] 67) 67) 6} 67] 73] 76 64
8, Ex, 157-——25 193
Percentages of mean cloudiness.

Apprenpix No. 85.

‘ , [Total cloudiness, 100; absence of clouds, zero (0).}

 

 

 

 

Station. Jan. | Feb.| Mar.| Apr. |May.| June|July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dee. hee Length of record.
Bismarck, N. Dak ...| 42] 48} 53] 52] 52) 48] 42) 37] 38! 47] 48} 50] 47 | Oct., 1874-Dec., 1891. /°
Buford, Fort, N.Dak. 52] 52] 57| 54] 54] 55] 48] 40/ 44) 54] 51] 52| 52] Feb., 1879-Dec., 1891.
Deadwood,S.Dak ..; 41 | 45] 48) 52] 49] 44] 35] 32] 35) 38] 40] 45] 41] Jan., 1878-Dec., 1887.
Huron, 8. Dak ...... 441 46| 55 | 50] 481 47] 431 41] 39] 49! 45) 50] 45} July, 1881-Dec., 1891.
Moorhead, Minn ...-.; 45 | 511 54! 50/ 50] 52! 46/ 41/ 45] 55] 53] 521 49 1881-1891.
Pembina, N. Dak..-.; 51) 52] 48| 50| 52] 55] 39] 46] 48] 56] 56] 56] 51 1873-1880.

St. Vincent, Minn...; 42 | 44]; 46; 48] 46] 47] 45] 40] 46] 55/ 52/ 45] 46 1881-1891.

Sully, Fort,S.Dak..| 41; 48}; 52] 49] 49; 50] 41] 38) 33] 38| 33] 48] 481} Dec., 1885-June, 1891.

Totten, Fort,N.Dak.| 37 | 45) 52] 53] 44] 49] 41] 39) 39] 49; 45] 48] 44 | June, 1884-Dec., 1888.

Yankton, S.Dak ....| 42; 48 | 52] 49} 53] 48] 42] 41] 40] 43] 44) 48] 46] Apr., 1873-Dec., 1891.
MANS: <c.c acc 44} 48} 52) 51] 50] 50} 42] 40] 41] 48] 47) 49] 46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apprenpix No. 86.

Percentages of clear weather (sunshine), expressed as the complement of mean cloudiness.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Station. Jan.|Feb.|Mar.| Apr. |May.|June|July.| Aug.|Sept.| Oct. | Nov.| Dec. ao Length of record.
Bismarck, N. Dak ...| 58 | 52] 471 48; 48/ 52] 58] 63! 62] 53] 52] 50] 53 | Oct.; 1874-Dec., 1891.
Buford, Fort, N. Dak.) 48] 48] 43, 46} 46] 45| 52] 60] 56] 46] 49] 48] 48] Feb., 1879-Dec., 1891.
Deadwood, 8.Dak ..| 59] 55) 52] 48] 51} 56! 65] 68] 65] 62{ 60] 55] 59] Jan., 1878-Dec., 1887.
Huron, 8. Dak .-...-. 56| 54] 45] 50] 52] 53] 57] 59} 61) 5L} 55] 50} 55] July, 1881-Dec., 1891,
Moorhead, Minn ....; 55] 49; 46] 50; 50] 48] 54] 59] 55] 45} 47) 48] 51 1881-1891.
Pembina, N. Dak....) 49 | 48) 52) 50] 48] 45] 61] 54] 52) 44] 44] 44] 49 1873-1880.

St. Vincent, Minn ...; 58 | 56| 54|/ 52] 54] 53] 55) 60] 54] 45} 48] 55] 54 1881-1891.

Sully, Fort,$.Dak ..| 59 | 52) 48) 51! 51! 50} 59! 62] 671 62! 67] 52] 57] Dec., 1885-June, 1891.

Totten, Fort,N. Dak. 63) 55] 48 |} 47| 56] 51/ 59| 61] 61] 51} 55; 52) 56) June, 1884-Dec., 1888,

Yankton, 8. Dak ...-) 58; 52} 48) 51] 47) 52] 58] 59) 60] 57] 56] 52] 54] Apr., 1873-Dec., 1891.
Means ...-..--| 56) 52] 48) 49} 50] 50] 58] 60; 59] 52] 53) B51] 54

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

194
Apprnnix No. 87. 2

Average hourly velocity of the wind, in miles per hour; computed from the records of self-registering
instruments. Nine years, 1883-1891.

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Station. ‘Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
Bismarck, N. Dak ........... Pei 9 9 10} 10 10 8 8 9 9 8 8 9
Buford, Fort, N. Dak .....--. Bi) 9 9 10 10 9 9 8 9 9 8 8 9
Huron, 8. Dak 10 10 10 12 11 iL g 9 11 11 10 LO 10
Moorhead, Minn... . 10 10 11 13 12) ‘11 8 9 11 10 10 10 10
St. Vincent, Minn 9 10 10 10 10 9 7 .8 9 9 9 9 9
Sully, Fort, 8. Dak ......-..- 8 9 10 11 10 a: 9 9 10 10 8 8 9
Yankton, §.Dak ..........-. - 8 9 9 10 10 8 7 6 8 9 8 8 8

Means) . cc soccer onseuie 9 | 9 | 10 | ig | 10 | 10 8 8 10; 10 9 | 4 10

 

 

 

 

 

Aprrenpix No. 88.

Mean wind direction, computed from the eight cardinal points, true direction, for fifteen years.
“ Hazen’s Tables.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Station. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July.
Bismarck, N. Dak...........-.---- N.24¢W. | N. TOW. | N. 5°R, | N.34°R, | N.480K. | N.60°R. | N.58°E.
Buford, Fort, N. Dak..........-.-- | N. 74° W. | N.71° W. | N.30° W. | N.35° ER. | N.14° ER. | S. 89° E. | N.39°R.
Deadwood, 8. Dak ........--....-. '§. 489 W. | 8.479 W. | 8S. 29K. | §. 82°R. | §. 52° W.] S. 99° .W. | N.69°E.
Moorhead, Minn .........---...--. | N.70° W. | N. 340 W. | N.129 W. | N.24° ER. | N.83°E. | 8. 30°R. | 8. 519K.
St. Vincent, Minn................. N.85e W. | N. 79° W, | N. 60° W. | N.30° W. | N. 37° W. | S. 54° W. | N. 89° W.
Sully, Fort, 8. Dak..-.....-.2.-..- N.32°W. | N. 8°W. | N.19°E, | N.26°E. | &. 85°E. | 8. 84°E. | S. 56° RE.
Yankton, 8. Dak-.....-...-.2.-.-- N.57° W. | N.519 W. | N.20°W. | N. 2°W. | 8S. 89° EK. | S. 23°K. | 8.319 E.
7 7 |
Station. Aug., Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year.
Bismarck, N. Dak. 2. asccyeaes pareens ceeene N.50°R. | N.11° W. | N.130°'W. | N.18°W. | N.30°W. |,N. 49 EF.
Botord, Mort, Ne Dae oc oes ocsnss ieee cece N.57° RE, | N.41°W. | N.61° W. | N. 88° W. | N.85° W. | N.419 W.
Deadwood, 8. Dak 8. 49° E, N. N.31°E. | 8.389 W. | N.87° W. | 8. 34° W.
Moorhead, Minn. <<. .s0-020000s220 006000 sme ee 8. 58° E, | 8. 58° W. | N.84° W. | N. 69° W. | N.81° W. | N. 24° W.
St. Vincent, Minn N. 69° W. | 8. 72° W. | 8. 85°'W. | N. 69° W. | N. 860.1. | N.81° W.
Sully, Fort, 8. Dak és 8. 69° E. | N.t1OE. | N. 14° W. | N.32° W. | N.27° W. | N.24° W.
Yankton;'S. Dak: «22225 sesgeeee vezes ¥esceces S. 85° E. | 8. 649 W. | N.85° W. | N.55° W. | N.54° W. | N.58° W.
4
195
- Apprenpix No. 89.

Average number of times northerly and southerly winds observed.

(Northerly includes NE. to NW.; southerly includes SE. to SW. Observations made three times daily prior to July, 1888, after which they

were made twice daily, at 8 a. m. and 8 p. m., seventy-fifth meridian time.]

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jan. Feb. | Mar. Apr. | May. | June. | July. | Aug.
Station. = =
N SIN. SIN STN. STN. STN. SS] N.S.) N.S
Bismarck, N. Dak............----.--- easeeroaentee 43 14) 44 15/48 20} 41 23/41 24) 83 26] 385 25) 387 24
Buford; Wort; No Dak: ox:sexcscsane sence seescexe 29 20] 31 19 | 37 19| 86 19] 35 24] 29 24 | 31 20] 33 20
Pembina, No Dale esconk vowsceneweseewas sees ses 37 34 | 387 28/43 31] 44 23] 42 34] 87 34; 30 38] 382 35
Stevenson, Fort, N. Dak...-...-- g aiietrsraidisree ciated 41 20/37 16} 36 23) 33 19] 33 27] 26 26) 30 27] 27 33
Totten, Fort, N. Dak .........--..----.----- »---| 46 25 | 42 .25 |) 44 31/43 30} 45 27] 29 41] 40 31] 33 37
Bennett, Fort, 8. Dak .......-.-- 43 18/43 17] 49 24) 42 29] 39 37] 30 46] 33 37} 36 42
Deadwood, 8. Dak .......-.--.-- 27 46 | 26 39 | 32 387 30 38 | 32 36/30 38] 30 40] 29 35
TOROS. Da Go ieg x occa ares nveeanipiaminnmiertcinhs ceive 44 30 | 39: 26| 47 27 | 40 32) 48 32] 28 42/31 40} 32 41
Rapid City, 8. Dak ....-. \roetee cee c cece ects 33 12 | 27 14] 33 18 | 32 19) 32 22) 381 23] 20 24) 18 23
Sully, Fort, 8. Dak...-..- BS Be Coie es ciayss ee aiaa 34. 9 | 30 13] 389 17 | 385 24) 37 23] 28 29| 25 24) 24 24
Yankton, 8. Dak é 42 24 | 39 22 | 44 23) 40 31] 34 34] 28 39] 26 39) 25 37
Sioux City, low: 28 28 | 28 18 | 33 14] 24 22]18 30] 20 22] 25 27] 19 30
Valentine, Nebr 2220. <es2-0e000e2ee%2+0% pened 35 19} 29 20] 35 24 | 34 26/37 26] 28 31] 23 35| 23 36
St. Vincent; Minn: s o-<2cesen nue seneisiy seeesire cis! 39 33 | 37 29] 41 30 | 38 30] 42 30] 30 37 | 34 31} 32 31
Moorhead, Minti.» «2c occccc-cae ee apeciee ce eees 41 29] 40 28/44 26) 41 32) 42 32] 31 41 | 384 35) 33 387
Means: .ceccensnconerceneeamanss diame ake 87 24 | 85 28 | 40 34] 37 26] 37 29 | 29 33 30 32) 29 382

Sept. Oct Nov Dec.
Station. Length of record (in-

clusive).
: N. § N. 8 N. S. N. §.
Bismarck, N. Dak ...--.: Toate eatde So hecy a: 37 (21 39 21 40 20 43 16 | Sept., 1874-Dec., 1891.
Buford, Fort, N. Dak.......----.---2----++ +--+ 34 18 | 32 23) 26 24 27 22 | Jan., 1879-Dec.; 1891.
Pembina; Neale ccna teaseaniolerccccdyannne 36 33 40 31 39 34 41 36 | Jan., 1873-Aug., 1880.
Stevenson, Fort, N. Dak......--.--.------------ 27 28); 40 19 40 21 38 17] Feb., 1879-Feb., 1883.
Totten, Fort, N. Dak.......---..--------------- 32 33 40 31 37 30 44 23 | June, 1884-Dec., 1888.
Beunett, Fort, S. Dak 34 32 46 29 46 24 49 19 | Sept., 1880-Nov., 1885.
Dealwood; S. Dak wasesecesenenass sevesseese ys = 31 30 31 26 26 34 31 30 | Jan., 1878-Dec., 1887.
Huron, S: Dak:seeccg cc ms cernnseee ipletcletHens --:--| 31 38 35 37 36 32 Al 311 July, 1881-Dec, 1891.
Rapid City, 8. Dak ..........----- PUNY aH Bs 26 16 23 16 29 12 26 14 | Jan., 1888-Dec., 1891.
Sully, Fort, 8. Dak : 27 «17 28 18 30 11 36 14 | Dec., 1885-Dec., 1891.
Yankton, 8. Dak....-...---- ---| 29 32}+ 87 31 40 25 42 26; Apr., 1873-Dec., 1891.
Sioux City, Iowa .......----.-/.----------+---- 17 32 29° 23 20 22 22 27 July, 1889-Dec., 1891.
Valentine, Nebr -...----.----------- +222. eee 26 30]; 32 28] 30 23 31 24 | Sept., 1885-Dec., 1491.
St. Vincent, Minn ......-....-------------- --| 27 31 34 35 387 32 38 32 | Sept., 1880-Dec., 1891.
Moorhead, Minn....--..---.--.--------24------| 30 36) 32 387! «85 33 36 33 | Jan., 1881-Dec., 1891,
i Sweater ere pe eee eeraa | 30 28 | 34 21 | 35 25 | 36 24
196
* Apprnpix No. 90.

Maximum and average wind velocities, in miles per hour, with the attendant prevailing directions.

BISMARCK, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. . Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.
30 NW. 48 NW. 36 8. 38 8.
39 NE. 37 NW. 42 N. 8LE.
40 NW, 44 NW. 40 NE. 40 N.
5L NW. 50 NW. 48 NW. 48 NW.
56 N. 48 NW, TOW. 428. :
64 NW, . 54 NW. 50 NW. 60 NW.
48 NW. 36 NW. AS NW. 42 SE.
47 NW. 45 NW. 48 N’ly. 43 8. an 44 S.NIE.
os aia eas 2 a = a
Year July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec
29 NW. 30 NW. 29 N. 32 NW. 24.N. 47 NW.
28 NW. 43 .N. 40 NW. 33 NW. 53 NW. 45 NW.
37 N.” 36 W. 36 NW. 48 NW. 5O NW. “44 NW.
47 NW. 52 SW, 37 NW. 5ONW. 48 NW. 42 NW.
368. 41 NW. 46 N. 36 NW. AS NW. 40 NW.
48 E, “46 NW. 42 NW. 52 W. 48 N. - BRNW.,
48 NE. 38 NW. 40 SE. 54 NW. 50 NW. 42 NW.
38 N’ly. 39 NW. 39 NW. 44 NW. 47 NW. 45 NW.

FORT BUFORD, N. DAK. «

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.
34 W. 50 W. BR WwW. 50 W. 32 NW. 56 NE.
so NW. AGNW. 52 W. 36 NW. 46-W. 36 W,
d7 W. 383 W. 57 W, 43 NW. 46 NW. 52 NW.
48 NW. 46 W. 46 NW. AS NW. 36 E. 46 W.
38 NW. 52 NW. 35 NW. 66 NW. 36 SE. 36 NW.
36 W. T2NW. 60 NW. 44 NW. 54 NW. 56 NW.
388 NW. 40 NW. 48 NW. 42 NW. 34. NE. 48 NW.
40 NW. 4k NW. 51 NW. 47 NW. 41 N’ly. 47 NW.

; Msg

July. | Aug. Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec.
50 W. 32 E. 32 5W. 32 NW. ao W. 60 W.
48 W. 40 W. ds W. 30 NW. 52 NW. 50 W.
48 NW 48 NE. 35 NW. 5ONW. 60 NW. nO NW.
54 NW 30 NW. 42 NW, 6ONW. 36 NW. UNW.
38 N. 48 NW. 48 NW. 42 NW. 40 NW. 37 NW.
40 NW. 46 N. 34 NW. 60 W. 42 NW. 60 NW.
36 N. 42 NW.. 36 N. 36 NW. 46 W. 36 SW.
45 N’ly. | 41 N’ly. 39 N’ly. 44 NW. 44 NW. 48 NW.

 

 

 

 

 

.@

 

 

197
198 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Maximum and average wind velocities, in miles per hour, etc.—Continued.

FORT TOTTEN, N. DAK.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year, Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.
1985 oes eeameens ikadoees a tameeiuae 45 W. 41 W. 52 W. b4Nw. | 41NW. | 4685.
1886 322522. Rie eeedineins wis = Keke Bee ee ee 43 S. 56 NW. 40 SW. 42 SE. 42 W. 40 E.
VEST cc atosee oases Svinte Sate haere eee 60 NW. 48 S. 64 NW. 4258. 52 8. 54 NW.
VBS S wes 5p2 aciorelsiniats dead sate alee Sete ew waht 52 8. 50 S. “| 5BN. 54 NW. 40S. 60E. —-
1889) unc Ske Meese, gebiarayaata esis Bis) stata Seacrest SGN NW acces ces ne fe eee cee cece lene cree cece lene e ee reeeee|ee ee eee ees :
MO GTRcainddeSionstudndedion | 47TWly. | 498. B4Nly. | 48NwW. | 448. 50 E.
. a
Year. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. | Nov. Dec.
VBS5 ada ote acs tnaes trae ae 2 cite tscunaie eels 53 NE. 37 SE. 40 NW. 40 SW. . 36 SE. 48 NW.
VSSG ease 2.ays de nstaastcleewot e hele oe isdiaudeate bieie 32 NW. 52 NW. 48 NW. 45 NW. 64NW, 50 SW.
VS8 7 ccs occu eieess ieee Cacao neiige oad mance eat 60 W. ‘54 W. 50 W. 50 NW. 45 NW. 42 NW.
1888 once ecencstee cess eee etseg.ccecexs| AS SE. 36 SE. 46 NW. 48 NW. 46 NW. 38 NW.
Means vicc% eacemiene we Ege seeeeeee 48 N’ly. 45 SE. 46 NW. 46 NW. 48 NW. 44 NW.

 

HURON, 8. DAK.

 

‘Year. 2 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.’ May. June.

 

27S. 28 NW. 37 NW. || 33 SE. 34 SW. -42 SE.
34 NW. 38 NW. 44 NW. 38 NW. 275W. | 308W..
30 NW. 33 NW. 40 NW. 45 SW. 49 NW. 39 NW.
60 NW. 47 NW. 745 NW. 84 SW. 36 NW. 45 SE.

42 NW. 60 NW. 38 NW. 60 NW. 48 SE. 39 8.
38 SE. 45 NW. 45 NW. 40 8. 50N. 60 N.
36 N. 48 N.. 35 NE. 42 NW. 50.8. 56 SE.

 

 

38 NW. “43 NW. 41 NW. 45 S’ly. 42 S/ly. 44 §’ly.

 

 

Year. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. | Dec.

25 NW. 31 SE. 878. 38 NE. 39 NW.
40 NE. 34 SE. 34 SW. 42 NW. 31 NW.
39 SE. 42 SE. 38 NW. 54 NW. 48 N.

47 SW. 388 NW. | 40 NW. 30 W. 32 NW.
42 8. 428. \} 83SE. 36 NW. 44NW.
42 NW. 38 NW. | 42 NW. 34 NW. 48 NW.
44 NW. 63 SE. 66 SE. 46 SE. 46 NW.

 

 

40 N’ly. 41 S’ly. 41 S’ly. 40 NW. 41 NW.

 

 

 

 

RAPID CITY, S. DAK.

 

Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1985 Y cidssstssicieisis eecaige smiaweeice ae secate 22 SW. 15 E. 16 NE. 18 NE. 20 SW. . 25 SW.
1886} coasewddce wide nek sex oeudasscene se 33 SW. 21 SW. 26 Sw. 26 SW. 16 SW. 17 NE.
ASB 7" ci. ccac decas vim ceca setae: ately me 34 SW. 32 SW. |..---..----- 23 NE. 24 SW. 34S,
1888 asasak sen se eremneetumsouesc, sic shee 29 N. 42 W. 36 .N, 46 SW. 38 N. 44 SW.
R89 aise ceaireweotienassimmmnarnaces + sie oe 42.N. 52 N. 36 NW. 48N.NW.) 36 W.SE. 36N.
1890 waatodenis teacecewieseanwedses sae cee 48 W.. 48 NE. 42 NW. 60 N. 38 N. 59 SW.
DSOD oyorsiae caeidracroagearusmasyas- Se eanertaes | “BOIN We 42 NW. 42 NW. 39 NW. 36 SW. 44 SW.
MCA a.cc en ct eaaacennis cess sepia 35 SW. 36 N’ly. 33 N’ly. 37 N’ly. 30 S’ly. 37 S’ly.

 

1 Observations made at Deadwood.
. CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Maximum average and wind velocities, in.miles per hour, ete—Continued.

RAPID CITY, S. DAK.—Continued.

’

\

199

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. July. | Aug. . | Sept. Oct. Nov, Dec.
: eee Be cope pasties |e ay cece ald 2 2 Rc
20 SW. 16 NE. 16 NE, 24 SW. 30 W.
178. 18 S.° 21 SW. 14 SW. 23 SW
248. 24 SW. 30 NW. 25 NW, 20 SW
48S. 48 NW. 40 N. ~ 40N. 42N.
36 N., 48 NW. 46 W. 36 NW. 47 SW
60 SW. 35 8. 38 NW. 36 NW. 42N.
36 W. 38 NW. 42 W. 47 NW. 48 SW
Meiites, ieee ots eee 37 Sly. | 348'ly. | 32Nly. | 33Nly. | 32Nly. | 368W.
1 Observations made at Deadwood.
FORT SULLY, S. DAK. :
Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.
38 NW.! 36 NW.! 48 NW.) "| 42S.) 40 N.} 44 W.!
44.N. 44 NW, 44 NW, 44 SE, 37 SW. 39 SE.
54 NW. 44 NW. 52 NW. 48 NW, 56 NE. . 42 SE,
54 W. 41 W. 36 NW. 47 NW. 45 E. 50 W.
45 NW. 66 NW. 41 NE, 60 NW. 36 W.NE| 34 NE.
36 NW. 43 NW. 46 NW. 54 NE, 52 N. 66 W.
46 NW. 52 NW. 38 N. 47 NW. 58 SW. 50 SE.
45NW. | 47Nw. | 44NW. | 49NW. | 46Nly. | 46 W.SE.
oe ~
3 Year. July Aug. | Sept. Oct. Nov, Dec.
29 N.! 40 NW.: 44. N.1 58 N.} ‘
42 NW. 36 SE. 48 NW. 40 NW.
42 W. 44 W. 52 W. 43 W.
44 NW. 42 W. 36 NW. 36 NW.
50 NW. 31 NW. 36 NW, 42 NW.
40 NW. 42 NW. 42 NW. 54 NW.
38 NW.?2 42,.W.? 42 NW.? 36 NW. 2
41 NW. 40W.NW.| 43 NW. 44 NW.
1 Observations at Fort Bennett. 2 Observations at Pierre.
YANKTON, 8. DAK.
/ Year. Jan. + Feb. Mar. “| Apr. May. June.
i
32 SW. 27 N. 33 N. 41 N. 36 S. 44 SE.
. 89 NW. 36 NW. 388 NW. 39 SW 32 NE, 308.
38 NW. 40 NW. 46 NW. 46S. 40 NW. 28 SE.
54 NW. 36 NW. 36 N. 48 8. 36 8. 36 NW.
41 NW. 60 NW. .382 NW. 48 NW 568, 52 W.
39 N. 48 NW. 48 NW. 54S. 70 SE.
BOON. Wo BOERAMY. Nicene aes all dena dala oe 57 S.
41NW. | 38NW. | 455.NW] 428 45 S'ly.
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov, Dec.
38 NE. 37 E. 28 NW." 36 NW. 44 NW..
32 8. 32 8. 37 8. 37 N. 36 N.
45 8S. 30 E. 33 8. 44 WwW. 34.N.
36 NW. 28 NW. 32 NW. 26 NW. 25 NW.
36 W. 27NW. | 31 NW. 29 NW. 45 N.
38 SW. 40 NW. 39 NW. 39S. 54 NW.
42 NE. 48 SE. 36 SE. 38 NW. 385 NW.
388S.NE.| 35 NW. 34 NW. 36 N’ly. 39 N’ly.

 

 

 

 

 
200 CERTAIN CLIMATIC FEATURES OF THE TWO DAKOTAS.

Maximum and average wind velocities, in miles per hour, ete—Continued.

MOORHEAD, MINN.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.
38 8. 29 N. 44 N. ‘40 NW. 40 N. 42 SE.
. 888. 44.8. 38 N. 46 SE. 44 8, 36 SE.
"498. 45 SE. 418. 49 8. 61 SE. 49 S.
,D0S. 50 S. 50S. 54 SE. 38 SE. 60 8.
‘37 N. 40 8, 36 NW. 46 8. 50 SE. 48S.
428, e48N, 50 8. 46 8. 44 NE. _ 88 SE.
385. 36 SH. 36 SE. 45 E. 36 SE. 44 SE.
42.8. 42 S'ly. 42 Sly. 47 S/ly. 45 Sly.- | 45 S'ly.
Year. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
VBR ches, Cites oe heh bet ols cee au SIN. 40 SE. 48 Ss. 428. 32N. 7 50S.
36 NW. 36 SW. 50 8. 44.8. 48 NW. 34 NW.
60 NW. 42 8, 48 SE. 38 SE. 42N. 38 NW.
42 SE. 54 8, 48 8. 36 SE. 33 8. 388.
48 8. 428, 50 8. 33.58. 30 N. 34 SE.
75 NW. 40 8. 36 SE. 36 W. 35 NW. 44 NW.
36 SE. 46 SW. 54 SW. 52 SE. 32 SE. 42 NW.
Means .......--..-- Ue apiManeeabe 50 Ny: | 43 S’ly. 48 S'ly. 40 Sly. 36Nly. | 40 NW.
ST. VINCENT, MINN.
Year. " Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.
29 NW. 42, 41 NW. 40 NW. 32.N.
45 NW. 39 W. 36 SE. 35 W. 28S.
u 32 NW. 45S. 30 8. 38 NW. 26 8.
48 S. nd NW. 408. * 42 W. 448.
38 N. 38 NW. 44s, 44S. 38 S.
40 NW. B83 NW. 38 Sh. 40 W. 328.
35 .N. 36 SE. 40 SE. 44.8. 468.
38 N’ly. 42 N’ly. 38 S’ly. 40 W. 35 8.
Year July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
o8NW. | 34 W. 36 8. 30 8. 418,
39NW. | 39NW. | ‘308. 46 W. 39 N.
308. ARS. 42 NW. 37 NW. 38 N.
34 NW 34 NW. 380 SW. 30S. 36 NW. 8S.
36 S. 508, ' 36NW 40 N. 36S.
35 NW. 36 NW. 30S. 36 Nw., 36 W.
42 SE. 41 SE. 43 SE. 36 8. 48 N.
Means ..-.-.--.--- R ieisreseiciesicvaiaiies 33 N’ly. 35 N’ly. 40 NW. 35 Sly 36 S. 39 N’ly.

 

"\
Apprnpix No. 91.

Monthly mean temperature of the dewpoint.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘Normat absolute humidity.

e

Appenpix No. 92.

ar = 5,
Station. Jan. | Feb. |Mar.| Apr.|May.| June July. Aug.Sept. Oct. |Nov.| Dec. Length of record.
Bismarck, N. Dak....-.-.- —1 3} 16f «633) «41; «54| 57] 4} 4d) 34) 9 1882-1891.
Fort Buford, N. Dak ....-. —2 2} 16} 29) 36 50) 52) 49| 40) 32) 20 9 1882-1891:
Huron, S. Dak ..-.--..-.--. 0 5] 18) 33) 42) 56) 59) 56] 46) 33) 19 9 1882-1891.
Rapid City,S.Dak -..-... 9g} 12] 19) 29} 36; 47) 50) 49) 38) 29; 20) 21) 1888-1891. :
Fort Sully, 8. Dak -...-... 2 719i «6385] 4a) dl 58) 54{ 42] 82] 20] 14) Dec., 1885-June, 1891.
Yankton, 8. Dak ......-.-- '5) 11] 21} 35] 44, 58) 62) 59) 51) 37; 24, 16 1882-1891.
Moorhead, Minn .......... —5 —1) 13) 32) 39 54) 58) 54) 45) 33) 19 7 ee ok
St. Vincent, Minn.-......- —12;— 6} 10) 30; 39 53) 57 54) 44 33 16 3 Oct., 1891-Dec., 1891.1
' Deadwood, 8.Dak........| 13} 14| 24) 31) 39, 49/ 53} 51) 43) 33) 25) 17| Jan., 1882-Dec., 1887.
, Fort Bennett, 8. Dak... --- 4-8] «622/ «33} «43/56 58) «56} 45] 84) 23) 11] Jan., 1882-Nov., 1885."
' ~ Fort Totten, N.Dak 2... —10) — 41 11) 30) 38) 54) 57) 53) 42) 31, 18 3) June, 1884-Jan,, 1889.1
Valentine, Nebr .....----. 7) 11) 19} 32) 42' 53) 57] 55) 44) 33) 22) 17) Sept., 1885-Dec., 1891.!
Sioux City, Iowa ........:} 14 7; 18] 33), 39) 53] 60} 55) 46) 35) 21) 22) July, 1889-Dec., 1891.),
: Means .......------ 2 5) 17] 32) 40) 53) 57) 54) 44 33) 21) 12
1 Inclusive.

Expressed as the weight of vapor in grains troy per cubic foot of saturated

air, computed from “ Hazen’s Tables.”

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
 
   
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Station. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr May. June. | July. Aug.

_Bismarels, N. Dak .ccesccvessuseacece ancecees 0.52 0. 62 1.09 2.21 2.97 | 4.70 5. 20 4.70
Fort Buford, N. Dak............-.--. 2-22 .2----- 0.49 0.59 1,09 1.89 2.47 4.09 4.38 3.95
Huron, 8. Dak..........2. 2.2. sist ae y 0. 54 0.68} 1.19 2.21 3. 08 5. 03 5.57 5.03
Rapid City, 8. Dak oc. cs0sens sceaasexceeessss| 0,81 0.92 1,24 1.89 2.47 3. 68 4.09 3.95
Port: Sally, 8. Dakiscccccccssoiccecscccnncscccs | 0659 0. 74 1,24 2.38 2.97 4.70 5. 38 4.70
Yankton, §. Dale... cecnccwwee sence nie aun 0. 68 0.88 1.35 2.38 3.31 5.38 6. 15 5.57
Moorhead; Minn occccene coe eee eee e tiseewiceine 0. 40 0: 52 0. 96 2.13 2.76 4.70 5. 38 4.70
St. Vincent, Minn........ PRMe eek ee ere 0. 20 0. 37 0. 84 1.97 2.76 4.54 5. 20 4.70
Deadwood, S. Dak.... 2.2.22. 22. eee eee ee eee 0. 96 1.00 1.54 2.05 2.76 4.09 4,54 “4,23
Fort Bennett, 8. Dak ....-.-. 0. 65 0.77 1.41 2.21 3.19 5.03 5. 38 5.03
Fort Totten, N. Dak ..... 0. 25 0. 43 0. 88 1.97 2. 66 4.70 5. 20 4.54
Valentine, Nebr .......-- 0. 74 0. 88 1. 24 2.13 3.08 |. 4,54 5. 20 4.86
Sioux City, Iowa.....---.... 202-222 -- eee eee 1.00 0. 74 1.19 2.21 2.76 | 4.54 5.16 4. 86

Mesing csc ssn innghing Bateueioes eatones 0.60 0.70; 1.17] 213] 2.86) 4.59] 5.18] 4.86

Station. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec Length of record.

Bismarck, N. Dak .........-...----------- 00+ 3.31 2.29 1.35 0.81 1882-1891.
Fort Buford, N. Dak --.......22-22-.----2.----- 2.86 2.13 1.30 0.81 1882-1891.
Huron, 8. Dak ........--- een 3.55 2.21 1.24 0.81 1882-1891.
Rapid City, 8. Dak ......2....22. 020-222-2222 22 2. 66 1.89 - 1.30 1.35 1888-1891.
Fort Sully, 8. Dak ........-.-..2.2222.-2- 3.08 2.13 1.30 1.00 | Dec., 1885-June, 1891.1
Wark ton, S,Da5$- cou culo ceniopenaeaeipauciace 4,23 2.56 1.54 1.09 1882-1891.
Moorhead,.Minn -......-...22- 20-2 -22+ 20s eee 3.43 2.21 1.24 0. 74 1882-1891.

CNT Get ES NETH esis sek Sea eek : Jan., 1882-Dec., 1890.!
St. Vincent, Minn 3.31 2,91 1.09 0.62 Boek? 1891 Dee” 1801:
Deadwood, 8. Dak ....... 3.19 2.21 |. 1.61 1.14 | Jan., 1882-Dee., 1887.1
Fort Bennett, 8. Dak .. 38. 43 2.29 1.48 0.88 | Jan., 1882-Nov., 1885.
Fort Totten, N. Dak ... 3.08 2.05 1.19 0.62 | June, 1884-Jan.” 1889.1
Valentine, Nebr’........ 3.31 2.21 1.41 1.14 | Sept., 1885—Dec., 1891.1
Sioux City, lowe s.csee sewn ssecsesven’ sews eess 3.55 2. 38 1.35 1.41 | July, 1889-Dec., 1891.1

MOAB) ccc cins anindiesiewsiowibiwaitranninnizen cies 3. 30 2,21 - 1.34 0. 96
i
1 Inclusive.

 

S. Ex. 157——26
-

Appenpix No. 97.

Mean percentage of cloudiness, computed from records at all stations.

 

 

 

s {Annual Report Meteorological Service, Dominion of Canada.]
MANITOBA, -
Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |June.| July.| Aug. |Sept.) Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
: i '
46 51 47 59 65 43 43 31 61° 47), 71 47 | 51
58 | 62 45 41 56 39 |. 44 35 61) 55 62 45 | 50 ‘
57 51 36 34 42 46. 34 44 33 29 53 52 | 42
24 36 45 | 57 45 47 | 36 40 47 61 53 54 45
42 37 | 47 40 49 44 38 48 44 55 63 44 46
38 31 36 38 61 64 35 34 40 50 56 59 45
45 65 53 57 | ° 53 41 411.35 56 67 42 75 53 :
48 50 45 51 57 58 45 47 38 62 64 45 | 51
49 46 42 45 62 46 43, 51 58 67 54 50 51
30 64 39 48 51 58 40 41 63 58 67 39 40
54 50 53 45 47 48 49 31 37 61 60 55 49
43 31 40 49 50 47 46 50 41 65 69 31 AT \
34 41 32 47 35 47 48 43 54 58 56 50 45
32) 37| 538! 57] 53) 52) 46) 44) 41) #56| 67) 46 49 oe
42 44 43 44 48 43 |*° 38 40 47 48 39 39 43
39 39 45 51 47 47 41 44 38 51 47 54 45
43 46 4d 48 51 48 42 41 47 56 57 49 47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

Appenpix No. 98. i

Mean percentage of cloudiness, computed from records at all stations.

~ {Annual Report Meteorological Service, Dominion of Canada.]

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year. x Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July. } Aug. | Sept.! Oct. | Nov. | Dec: | Annual. j

53 54 41 45 45 46 37 48 66| 59 65 71 52

62 5T 66 70 | 54 56 55 5B | 1 37 34 63 65 °56

73 62 59 48 55 53 33 54 60 55 66 Tt * BT

44 44 65 33 49 51 26 26 27 53 68 64 46 '

56 64 63 51 49 50 39 43 42 54 60 69 53 .
63 47 56 56 50 49 45 32 57 5C 64 60 52

68 77 62 48 49 35 39 25 46 50 3 55 52

56 68 68 51 50 AT Al ciesgohdcisren's!l undies Paice s oscil Ge eedatehsje s dors la ees

79 48 64 45 74 48 54 47 65 56 48 7 58

55 67 74 50 61 56 55 48 | 47 65 74 73 60

67 9G oiccolencen.|oce ee ulbeence 32; 42: 34/) 57] B54] 63 |........

82 51 81 74 66 62 42 36 57 60 65 76 63

63 60 64 52 55 50 42 41 49 54 64 67 | 55

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
APPENDIX VO. 99.

Bismarch, N. Lakota.
E87.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

K ‘
0 | Ray w
ae SG

 

 

Atmospheric Pressure,

reduced. (cx trches.)
Ratnfall, (enches.)

C7720 sphertcPress “rel
actual. (in tnches.)

any days. (of)
Absolute monthly range

“|| of Lrwperatecra(eegrees)

Daily range of Lenz.
i degrees.)

Clear days. (NX? of)

Mean Mon Aly

Greatest consecutive Ne
of days withoul rain.
( including Lraces.)

Den-Lorind (legrees

Greatest consecutire VE : as ihe
odayswithout rar. : : otsture,
(excluding Traces, woh oy @raws per Cubic foot,
Saturated Mir

 

SEx /7/ 621
APPENDIX NO./OO

Fort Buford, N Dakota.
188%

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.
S 8 x

Atnospher ic Pressure, ;
reduced. (in inches.)
Beainfall. (inches)

Mt mosphertclressvré
actual. (wreinches.)

Leary days. (#2 of)

Absolute monthly range
of Fereperate re (leg ress,

of Tina
( degrees.)

Cleur days. (N?of)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Temp (de

LA conseculsya/V2
days without rain.
(i trechuhing Lraces.)

"Dew- Point (2 degrees,

Greatest consecultre Ve

ofdayswithoul rain.
(extluding Traces)

Mi OnSCUSE,
Oras per Cubeo » foot,
Salurated Var.

 

SEx /77 5sa¢
APPENDIX NO./O/.

Deadwood, iS’ Lakota.
FOO (.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

   

Almospheric Fressure,|| -
@

reduced. [er trches.)
Ltatnfall. (enches.)

Mimo spheric Pressu
actual. (inrnches.)

°

Rawry days. (V8 of)

Nbsolute monthly range
of Lemperature (deg

range of Lenep.
Cb degrees.)

Mean Mon tht Ly
Macimum Lemp

Greatest consecutive Ne
°

of days wethoul rain,
A tneludeng Traces.)

Den- Lorn ie (2 degrees,

Grea lest corasecu ter e ve
odayswethout racz. en ane
(excluding Faces, 5 Grats per Cubic foot,
Saturated Mer.

 

SEs 72 624
APPENDO/X NO./02.

Huror, S. Dafota.

E87.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

Atmospheric Pressure) |
reduced. (cr triches.)
Rainfall. (enches.)

af

A lmosphertclressure
actual. (i wxches.) :

Mbsolute monthly range
of lénwperature

range of Temp.
Cs degrees)

Clear days. (M2 of)
Mean Monthly
Maximum ler (ae. PCOS.

Greatest consecudiyeVe é
of days without rain.
(including Taces,)

De w-Lown Z (degrees.

Greatest corrsecuttre NE

ofdays wethowt race,
(@xcleding Traces )

AMNorsture,
Gravis per Cubre foot, | °

 

SEx 4/77. 521
APPENDIX NO./O03.

Fort Sully, S Dakota.
E87.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

wi Fl RED! »
glee G2

 

lox

Atmospheric Pressure, | -

reduced. (cr trches.)
Rainfall. (enches.)

mosphertclressuré -

actual. (tn tnches.) .

Ratry days. (78 of )\ oF

MNbsolutemonthly range
of Lrmperature.

Datly range of Lenep.
( degrees.)

Mean Monthly

Maximum C70

Greatest conseceteve/Ve
of days wethoul rain
fe weluding Traces.)

Den-- Lorne. (2 degrees.

Greatest corssecu tire Vs Morsture
wre,
“t, . ‘
- - emus oF Q Grams per Cubic Sook,
tee Faces
Saturated . Mer,

C&O atERONE HO

~

 
APPENDIX NO./04.

Yankton, Dakota.
JE67.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

& E
rR

|| Abrosmheric Press ure,

reduced. (rn treches.)
Liarnfatt, (vnches.)

Atmospheric Presst
actual. (in tnches.) |.

any days. (V2 of) :

Hbsolutemonthy range
T-

Clear days. (N» of)

Mean Month ly
Maximum Lemp

Greatest conseculire/Ve

of days without 7 eare.
(i twreluding Traces.)

Dew Lont (2 degrees.

Greatastconsecutcre WE
°

fdoys without racz.
(excluding Thaces. ‘J

Moisture,
Grass per Cubte foot, |
Saturated Air.

 
APPENDIX NO./085.

Moorhead, Mann.

10 7,
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

eis

§
any

 

fy

Atmospheric Lressure,

reduced, (tn inches.)
Liainfald. (enches.)

AimosphericPressure,

actual. (ininches.)

Ltainy days (Mf)

Hbsolute monthly range
of Lemperature (leg

Daly range of. Lemp.
(¢ degrees)

Clear days. (N2 of)

Mean Monthly
Maximum lémp

Greatest consecutrveNe
of days withoulrain,
( tneluding Gaces.)

Den~ Point iZ degrees,

Greatestconsecultire We

ofdays without rain,
(excteeding Traces)

Mortsture, (
Grains per Cubic foot, |
Saturated Mer,

 

She 407. SF 1
APPENOIX NO. 106.

Saint Vincent, Minn.

E87.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

©

MN tmospheric Pressure,

reduced. (in trches.)
Leain fall. (tnches.)

caotbual. (ivinches)|)

Rainy days. (MN of)

ly range of Lérnp.
(ce aegrees)

Clear days. (V2 of)

Mean Me onthly
Maximum Temp

Greabesh consecubtre Ne
of days without rain.
(eluting Traces.)

Dew-Point. [deg rees.

&

~«

Greatest consecutive Ve

Moisture,
of deyewibhoub metre. || Girains per Cubic foot,
(Cxcluding Traces)

Saburated, Arr.

Datseeove ao

 

SEx./7/ 521
APPENDIX NO./O7.

Lismarch, V Lakota.
T6686.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

:

rediwed. (rn wnches,)
Rainfall, (inches)

tmos,

actual. (ininches.) |.

range

of Eemperature (dey

by range of Lenep.
Cc degrees)

Clear days. (2 0f)

Mean Monthly
Maxineum Lemp (Lezrees,

Greatest cons ecutive Ne

of days without rai.
(neluding Traces.)

Den Point. (¢ aegrees,

Grealestconsecu lire V3

Morst
of dayswithout Taz. OLSELLTME 2 ;
(Cxchuding Traces.) Qrarrs , per Bivbee fo ot, |

Saturated Air

Qo

 

S Ex. 477. 521
APPENDIX NO.108.

fort Buford, N Dakota.

1668.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values. |

  

Ntmospheric Pressure,
reduced. (en trxches.)
Ratnfaié. (enches.)

ComospherteLresst.
actual. (tn tnches,)

PRany days. (MV of)

. monthly range
of

Clear days. (Neo)

Mean Monthly
Maximum Lemp

corsecuteveN?

of days without ratn.
(ercle udineg races J

Deu- Lorine. (a degrees,

Greatest comsecu tre

odayswithout racn.
(excluding Faces)

Morsture,
Gracias per Cucbtc foot,
Saturated Mer,

 

8S Ex 477. 621
APPENDIX NO./109.

Lfluron, S Dakota.

JEE6.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

Atmospheric Pressure,

reduced. [ex trches.)
Rainfall. (enches.)

tmosphericPressure,| .

actual. (ix rnohes.) |.

Rainy days.[/¥? of)

Nbsolute monthly range
of Limperature degrees)

range of Lemp.
(Cc tegrees,)

Clear days. (2 of)

Mean Monthly
Maximum Lemp

Greatest consecutive Ve

of days without rain.
(including Traces.)

Denw-Loixré (2 wegrees.

Greatestconsecuttre Ne Misius

odayswithout rect. ees ,

[extending Faria) raws per Cubsc foot, |
Saturated Aer.

oe

 

S Ex. 477. 521
APPENDIX NO./10.

Kapid Cety, I LDakota
1666.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

spheric Press ure,|| -

reduced. (in inches.)
Rainfall. fenches.)

tmosphericPressu
actu. (wrenches) i

Mbsobute monthly range
of: ‘Ler pe.

range of Teneyp.
CG degrees.)

Clear days. (N2 of)

Greatest consecutive/Vs
of tays without rain.
Crelucding Traces.)

Deo Poze t(Legrees,

Greatest conseculiye NE Movs.
0. re
of days without ran, Powis! sie > ;
(Cxelutting DE races) eee fom :
Saturated ter,

 

8 Bx./77 521
APPENDIX NO, 111.

Fees Oe.

/066.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

  

Atmospheric Fressure,
reduced. frre tnches.)
Katnfall. fenches.)

treosphertcLressure,

actual. (cr inches.) |.
any days. (Me of)

ANbsolutemonthiy range
of Limperatecre [aeg

range of Temp.
( degrees.)

Clear days. (2 of)
Mean Monthly

Maximum (a5

coresecutcveNe

of days withoulrain.
fe treludeng Traces.)

Dew-Loint (2 aegrees.

70

gs

SS aes iaredesnl é ; Moisture, .
Sdayswithout ran. : : Graws per Cubtc foot, |\ °

(exclecdir Traces,
pee Sibecrectadl Mix

4

 

S Bx. 477 621
APPENDIX NO. 112.

Yankton, 5S Dakota.
EO.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

A)

 

tmosphertc L ress ure,
reduced. (in tnohes,)
Latnfall. (inches)

tmosphertclLressu

actual. (ininches.)

Rainy cays.(N? f)

Hbsolute monthly range
of Temperature f¢

range of Lemp
(degrees)

Clear days. (N20)

Hticite Monthy
Maximum Crnep

consecuttveNe
of days without rain
(inclu dng Lraces.) o

Den-~ Poin 2 (degrees. s

Greatest consecutive NE

ofdayswithout rain
(é excluding Traces. )

e Morsture, 3
Grains per Cubic foot, |.
Saturated Ar.

 

8 Bx. /37_ 521
APPEND/A NO.1/13.

Moorhead, Minn.
JB68.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

a)

 

Mtmnospheric Pressure, :

reduced. (in wnrhes.)
Lainfalt, ( inches.)

MtmosphericPresse
actuad. (irinches.) | .

Mbsolutemontply range
of Léemperatezre(

Clear days (N> of)

Mean Monthly
Maximureléemp

Greabest conseculiveN2
of days without rain.
G tnebuding Traces.)

Dew -Forrt. [(Legrees.

Greatest consecutipe Ve

Sdoyswithout rain.
(¢% eheudling Traces.)

Morsture,
Grains per Cubre Joot, ||.
Saturated ir.

 
APPENDIX NO.//4.

Saint Vincent, Minn
1588.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

ool RP RLS :
Passe sie) 8 8

ANlmospheric Pressure, :
reduced (tr tiches.)
Rainfall finches )

At mosphericlr essuré, i

actual. (ow txches.) 3
Fany days (of)

Absolute monthly rang’
Ff Limperatur e(e

7 range of Temp.
( degrees.)

Clear days. (of)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Lemp (degrees,

consecutive Ne
of days without rain.
(inet uding Traces.)

Dew-Point (¢ degrees.

Greatestoonsecutire V3 3 Moisture,
ofdays without rain, Grams per Cubic foot,
(exclucing Graces, Saturated Mer.

 
APPENDIX NO.118.

Bismarch, N Lakota.
JO6E.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

TR S| gl asl slo
SNES §

Mtmospherie Pressure, ”

reduced. [in inches.) || ./

Rainfatlt. (vnches.) “
2 .

3

Atmospheric Press _

actual. (in inches.) | -

/
‘2
+3

45

Bainy days. (Bef)

10

Jbsolute monthly range
of. Lim perature,

Clear duys. (Wee)

Greatest cons ecutiveVé
o days withoulrazn.
(trcluding Traces.)
Da w—Loint. (degrees,

Bue ars tere NG Moisture, d
of days we thout rain. Grains per Cubic foot,
(excluding Traces e) s
Saturated Lr.

 

3 Ex 472... 62 1
APPENDIX NO.//6 .

hort Buford, IV Dakota.
75659.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

tmospheric Pressure, :
reduced, [tn trches.)

Rainfa Le. (inches)

tmosphericlressu e
actual. (ininches.) |.

Rainy days. (N28 of)

monthly range
Limperature (eg

Clear days. [Veof)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Lemp (deg

conseculiveN2

of days withoulrain.
(inclu ding Lraces.]

Dew Point (degrees.)

GreatestconsecuttreN2. Moisture,
ve oo yratn, Gravis per Cube foot, |
ex a ;
AMARA RACES, Saturated Mer.

 

8 Ex_/6¥ 621
APPENDIX NO.1/7.

Huron, S Lakota
7589

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

Rie Rl ws ; Ni “| S18
SES sig SSIS

Ai tmosphert cLressure,

reduced. (in tnches.)
Rainfall. (enches.)

actual. (in erches.) ;

fainy days. (7B of)

Absolute monthly range || ,
ff. Limperature(-

range of Lenep.
( degrees.)

Clear days. (Wo)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Temp (degrees,

consecutive /Ve

of days withoutracn.
(eluding Traces.)

Derr- Foz 20. (degrees.

Greatestconsecutere M2 Most
= : OLStUure, :
oft pene out rat, Grains sper Cubic foot, |
(cxchuding Traces,
Saturated ter.

 

S Bx../7 7.621
APPENDIX NO.//8 .

Lapid City, 5 Lahota.
7889.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

by

mospheric Pressure,

reduced fin inches)
Rainfal Z. (enches.)

a

actual. (in inches,) | -

Rany days. (ef)

monthly range

Clear days. ("2 of) -

Mean Mon thly
Maximum Temp

consecutiveNe
of days without rain.
(e treluding Faces.)

Dew-Loint. (4 degree.

Greatést-corsecufltve WV

ofdays without racn,
(excluding Traces.)

Moisture,
Grams per Cubic foot,
Saturated Her.

~ Se ke
ca wb ON nod

 

S Ex...A27...52 1
APPENDIX NO. 1/19,

Fort Sully, S Dakota.
1889.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

Atmospheric Press ure,
reduced. (im tnohes.)
Lrainfall. (unches.)

MtmosphericPress
actual. (ininches.) |.

Rainy days.(N2 of)

Jbsolute monthly range
of

Clear days. (N20)
Mean Monthly
Mowcimam Temp

Greatest consecuttveN?

of days withoul rain.
hi tnelusling Lraces.)

Dew—-Loont. (Brees,

ass

Greatest consecutive VW

days without ravr.
(exchuthey Traces,

Moisture,
Qreans per Cubic fe oot,
Saturated Aer.

Se aA RVON

 
APPENDIX NO./20.

Yankton.) Dakota.
73589,

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

Mtmospheric Fressure,|:

reduced. (cn inches.)
Rainfall, (inches. )

tmosphericPressure,

actual. (ininches.) |.
Rainy days. (ff)

MNbsolute monthly range

range of Lemp.
( degrees)

Clear days, (Hof)

consecutive Ve
of days withoul rain.
A wncluding Traces.)

Dew-Poind (2 hegre

Greatest consecutive V4 Morsture,

2

caer rat. Grains per Cubic foot, i
CXL re
ing Traces) daturated Aer,

 
APPENDIX NNO./2/.

Moorhead, Minn.
73589

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

©

Ntmospherec Pressure).

reduced. (tn inches.)
Latifale. (tnches.)

Lmosphertcl resstt

actual. (in enches.) :

Rainy days. (72 of)

Absolute monthly range
of lémperature.

range of Lemp.
( degrees.)

Clear days. (of)
«Mean Monthly

Maximum Lemp
-

consecutive Ne

of days withoul rain.
rp tndluding Faces.)

Den-~ Point (¢ degrees.

Greatestconsecutive Nt

ofdays withoul rain
(excluding Traces )

Morsture,
Gra 71s per Crbie foot,
Doturated Mir.

 

8 Ex A762 1
APPENDIX NO. /22.

Saint Vincert Minn.
FE89.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

g

Mmospheric Press 27¢,
reduced. (in inches.)
Fear fall. (tnches.)

NOS
actual. (tminches.) |

“3

Rainy dosys.(V3 of)

Absolute monthly range
of lémperature.

range of Lémp.
( degrees)

Clear days. (V2 of)

Mean Monthly
Maximum Temp

conseculive/Vs
of days without rain.
hi trebuding Traces.)

Den-Loint. (grees.

Greatestoonsecutive VG MNoislere,

Of days without ratr.
(ex cluding Fraces,)

Grains per Cubic foot,
Saturated Jr.

 

8 Ex_/77_.6291
HPPENDIX NO. 123.

Bismarch, N Dakota.
7590
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.
awl & & aT ‘ 5 :

Mimospheric Press ure,| |

reduced. (in tnches.)
Rainfall. fenches.)

actual. [ tninches.) .

hany cays. (% of)

AHbsolutemonthly range

Clear days. (M2 of)

Mean Monthly
Maximum Lemp

consecultveNe
of days without rain.
(i tnelucing Traces.)

Den~Point (degrees.

_

S®ARNONKAAS

Greatest consecutire Ne

Stayswithout rain.
(excluding Traces)

Morsture,
Grams per Cube foot,
Saturaled Ber.

>

 

SEx 47/ 621
APPENDIX NO./24.

Lore £; uford, N Dakota.

73590.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values. |

®

Siig §

Mmospheric Pressure,
reduced. [i tnches.)

R&RNLOALNER

Rainfall. (inches)

MtmosphericPre
actual. (en exches.)

Shhu

Hany days. (M2 of)

Mbsolute monthly range
of. ‘Limperature

( degrees.)

Clear days. (2 of)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Temp

consecutiveN2

of days without rain.
(anelu ding Faces.)

Dew Point. (¢ degrees.)

Greatest consecutive Witt : Moisture,
ofdayswithout rain. Qrains sper Cubee, foot,
(excluding Traces) aluraled Ber.

BRAwWONARATS

 

SEx 457 521
APPENDIX NO./25 .

Fluron, SS Dakota.

7620.
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

§ g

io Pressure,|\ -

reduced. (in trches.)
ftainfalt, (unches.)

tmosphericPressu
oc buod. trvinches.)

MMbsolutemonthy range
of mperotiure,

Clear days. (No)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Térmp (degrees,

consecudtive NG
Of days withowl rain.
Dew -Point. (¢ okey ree 0

Greatestcomsecutire Ne Moisture,

of days wethout rer. Groans per Crbic foot, | ?
( exchuthing Tr races.) Saturated Ahr.

8
19

 

8 Bx./77 521
APPENDIX NO. /26.

Rapid City, SS LDahotea.
FEIO.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

x

k S| Palas
SR eS ay

Atmospheric Pressure,| -
reduced. (tn tnches.)
Rainfall. fenches.)

AlmosphericPressuré, .
actual. (in cxches.) |:
2

Hany days. (42 of)

Absolute monthly range \\ 5

Clear days. (N%of)
Mean Monthly
Maximum Lemp

conseculwveNs

of days without ratr,
(irecleed: ing Paces.)

Den—Loint. (2 degrees,

Greatest consecuts eee Motsture,
LEASE seta Grams per Cubse foot,
ng 2s.) Salurated Sr.

Bor dSSvRaG

 

S Ex /7/. 621
APPENDIX NO.127,.

Port Sully S Dakota.
TEIO.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

Ae elslel ag Xs

3 ANimospherte Pressure,
z

: ; reduced. (er trches,)
Rainfall. (enches.) G

mospherteLressure, -

aclual. {in enches) E

Rainy days.f 78 of)

Hbsolute monthly range ||,
of.

Clear cays. (of)

Mean Monthly
Maximum Temp (legrees.

consecuttveN? || 5
of Gays without ratn.
(sects ding Traces.)

De nw Lboen 2 [- degrees.

Greatest consecutive AG Moisture,

ofdayswithout rain. Grams per Cubrc foot,
(excluding Traces.) JSatarated Nar.

ARKHOHADHS

~

 

SEx 477 521
APPEND/X NO./28.

Yankton, S Dakota.
IOI.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

cLPressure,|-/

reduced . (ez cnches.) ¢

Batnfall. (enches.)

MNtmosphertePresst
actual. (oe zxches.) :

Rainy days. (NV of)

Absolute monthly range
of Rmperature.

by range of Temp. oO
( degrees)

Clear aays. (Mf)
Maximum Temp

consecutiveVe

of days withoulrain.
(including Paces.)

Dew-Point (degrees,

Greatest consecuttre NW Morsture,
bad ee rat. |e rains per Cubtc foot,
Ce z TaACES.
"eS és Saturated Mir.

DAARNHOHAKAGD

~

 

S Ex. /477...581
APPENDIX NO./29.

- Moorhead, Minn.

JOU.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.
Te alg

Mimospherice Press wre, i
reduced. (in wiehes.)
Rainfall. (inches.)

sphericL ress
actual. Li tn trefes.) :

Clear days. (V20f)
Meare Monthly
/
MexcimemrTérp (degrees,

consecutive
of days withoutrain
(including Traces.)
Dew -Point. degrees.

GreatestconseeulireNe 4 Moisture, j
of hays without ravr. Grains per Cubte foot, |
(excluding Traces.) Walurated Jr,

 
APPENDIX NO.130.

Saunt Vincent Minn.
73590.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

tmospheric Pressure,|-/
reduced . fin wches.)

df
2

Feainfintl. (vrches.)

wSY~ONNOA

actual. (urinches.) || .

Rainy days.(N of)

range of Lemp.
(degrees)

Clear days. (N29f)

Mean Monthly
Meaxzimuralemp

Greatest consecutrveNe ,
of days withoul raire.
(ireluding Traces.)

Dew Point: (Zorees,

Greatest consecutive Ve

of days without rain.
( exeluding Traces)

Morvsture, :
Grains per Cubic foot ‘
Sauratled Air.

 

S Ex _/77.. 521
APPENDIX NO./3/.

Bismarch, N Dakota.
1897.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

S

Mtmospher tc.

reduced. (tn trches.)
Rainfall. (ixches.)

actual. (cre creches.)

Rainy days (Mo)

monthly range
‘Temperature, (deg.

tly rarcge of Lemp.
(degrees J

Clear days (No of)

Mean Monthly
Lerep

consecuttveN
days wetthout racre.
lircluds ere traces.)
Dew. Point,

consecutive NV - Moisture,

of days without rare.

Graz: Cube t
(excluding Traces.) Pee nee eet te feo

Saturated Str.

 

SEx 477 521
APPENDIX NO. 132 .-

fort Buford, N. Dakota.
1897.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

~

RQ

   

Atmosphertc Pressure, ;

reduced. (tx trches,)
Rainfall. (inches)

AtmosphericPressyre, || +7

actual. (in inches.)

fatny days.( V2 of)

Absolute rrorthly Tarege
of Lernperature,

rarge of Lerrpa.

(degrees.)

Clear days. (Wof) | ° Sense
ear Morthly
Maximune Lerrp.

Greatest consecu tive WV
of days without razr.
Cencluding Traces.)
Dew-Fotret (degrees )

t consecutive Ne ‘! Moisture,
of days without rac. cares Per Cucbre foot,
(excluding Traces Saturated Arr.

 

8 Ex 427.621
APPENDIX NO. 1353.

fluror., S. Dakota.
(S91.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

‘ ¢

Cmosphert cFressure,|| -

reduced. (tr tnches.
Rarrefalt. lixches.) edcuced. (77 te, es.)

traosphertclressuré, :

actual (cre cxcches.)

ainy days. (Neof)

ule prorthly
of Lemperature.

tly range of Lénp.
0 degrees)

Clear days (NE of.)

Mean Mor thly
Maxirmeure Lerap3 lategrees,

Greatest consecutive:

of days without rac,
Ci trecludirg Tra ces.)

Dew—LPotntfa

Greatest conseculs Motsture
2

Sf Lay os ee acre. races Per Cxcbtc fool, 2
(excluding Traces ) Saturated Mer.

8 Ex.477_

 

521
APPENDIX NO./34.

Leapid Crty, S. Dakota.
S397.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

ae Sissi s me aS 5,8

clressure,
; reduced. (tr cxches) 3
Racre fall. (inches) :

trrosphercef ressure, || .7

actual. (cv creches,)
Fairy days (Ns of) a

bsolute rorthly range
of Léemperature. [degrees >)

range of Lemp.
(i degrees 7)

Clear days. (Hof J
Mean Morethly
CWC ITE Ter Tp (degrees

corsececteve V?

of | days without rac.
(ixccludireg Taces,)
Dew -Feirt. (degrees.

consecutive We . Morsture,
f days without racr, Grains per Cubco foot,
(exclediny Traces.) Saturated Mer.

 

SEx /77 521
APPENDIX NO. 135.

Port Sully, S. Dakota.
J3S97

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

R g

2
‘cP CSSUTE,

reduced [ix exches.)

Rainfall (irches,)

Mtmosphertc Pressure,
actual. (tr arches)

Rainy days (N° of) || °

Absolute monthly rarge
of Temperature (degrees)

range of Lerep.
(degrees.)

Clear days (Ne of)

Moen Moxy
Lerzplaegrees J

consecuttre WV:

of days without race.
(ercclued treg Traces yf

Dew -Potrt. (degrees)

Greatest consecutive: Morsture,

of days without rain. Grains per Cucbre foot,
e lee c7 TCHS.
(< eels ng Ie ) Saturated Aer.

 

8 Bx 437 621
APPENDIX NO/136.

Yankton, S Dakota.
1397
Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

g

cPressure,|| -

reduced, (<x ixches.)
Rainfall. (cnches.)

oC

actual. (cr inches.)
Peatrey days .(N-0f:)

muorthly range
of - Lémpera cure. (degrees)

ly range of Temp.
l degrees.)

Clear days. (N° of)

Mean Monthly
Lemp [idegrees)

10

5
consecutive /V-

days without racre.
fe trcludting Traces of

Dew -Foin 2 (degrees )

ale
consecutive V* Moisture,
oe. without racre. Grains per Ceebic foot,
excluding Traces ) Saturated Shr.

 

8 Ex. 477. 521
APPENDIX NO. 1/37.

Moorhead, Minn.
13597.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

a
ae §

ofressure,
: reduced. [en eorohes.J
Ratrjfall. [irches)

oPeessure,

actual (en tnches.)
Rainy aays. CV of)

bsolute rorthly rage
‘Poperature. (degrees)

Datly range oS - Limp.
( degrees)

Clear days. (N° of)

Mean Monthly
7 Lesrija felegreee

consecutive Ne . Be
of days without rac. ,
[excluding Traces.)
LDew-LPoiret [degrees )\ ?

Greatest consecutive Moisture, .
o days without TatH, ons joer Cecbeo » foot,
(excludursy Laces) puturated Ser.

 

SEx./77 621
APPENDIX NO. 138.

Satnt Vincent, Minn.
1389/.

Comparative Curves of Monthly Deviations from Normal Values.

. . x
g A

Mmospherce Pressure,

redcced. [en exces. J
Rainfall. (exches.)

Mtrmosphericlresures "
actual (cre trokes)

heacry days. (Nof)

olute rnonthily rarge

g Craperateure fdegrees.)

rarege of Lerrp.
fe aeg rees)

Clear days. (N= of) e xe Fae
Care IO y

Lézrtjxo/degrees

coresecutive Ve
of days without racnz.
(cncleedirg Traces )
Pott (degrees.

Greatest consece tt z Mocstere

of days wtthoul racn. yates sper Cecbee foul, °lF
lexcteederag Traces.) paturated Ver.

 

SEx 477. 521
APPEND/X NO.139.

Tem LpIOT a C2 FC.
Comparative Curves oS: Seasonal Deviattors rom Normal Valwzes.

fora, VD. ‘ 4, ND. \S¢ Vencert, Minn.\Moorhead, Minn.

1887. 788I. 1897, (| 7E8E, | FEED j | 1888. 1 7 189.

Periods,

pst Quarter.
(Jan. Feb. March)

2! Quarter.
(April. May. June)

32% Quarter.
(/ Suly Aug. Sept, )

AtQuarter.
(Oct Nor. Dec.)

Wirt ter.
(Varn Leh March. Oct.

Sureweer.
edie rag

Dry Seasore.
(Jan. Feb. Nov-Dec)

Wet Seasorz.

(March. April. May. Zerce.
Suly. Aeg.Sent Oct)

é
6
¥
2
Qo
-@
“4

Annual Deviatiore.

 

SEx 477. 621
APPEND/X NO./20.

Semperature.

Comparative Curves of. Seasonal Deviations rom Normal Values.

Pie a, {| Hero, SD. \Bapidlity, SD \ Ft Sully SD | Yariton, SD.

1887, ” |7ERI | SS IT, 1888. | 7689, ) 7887 | 1888. , IB 9] \ 7c te TV I 189.

Jz Quarter.
(Jan. Feb. March)

2! Quarter.

(Apret. May. June)

ens tia

ae Quarter.
/ Seely Aug Sept, ‘)

Fs cat ATF

AtlQuarter.
[Oct Nor. Dec.)

Noe dV RA

t

Wir ter.
(Jan Feb March Cot Hor.

tpord

SU 7727Ce?r.
(Gor-May- here Seely.

‘
atryanet

Dry Seasore.
(Jar. Leb. Nov-Dec)

AtHANES

Weé Seasor..

(March. Ajoril. May. Jere.
ely. Meg. Sept. cl, #]

ENOALT ma

Annual Deviattor.

 

SEx /77..521
APPENDIX NO. /4/

Frectpitation.

Comparative Curves of Seasonal Deviations from Normal Values.

1 Ft. Buford, WD \|Bismarckh, WV_D |\,5¢. Virecerr nn| Moorhead, Miz

7889. 1897, | 7ESE, | 78S, "| 1888 | 1859. , q 1 789.

Periods.

726 Quarter.
(Jan. Feb. March)

2 Quarter.

[(Aporet. May. June)

32% Quarter.
/ uly: Aug. Sept, )

AthQuarter.
(Oct Nor. Dec.)

Wirler.
(Van Feb March. Cet Nor:

UI ICEP.
Teebie

Dry Seasore,
(Jan. Peb. Nov-Dec)

4
+

Wet Seasor ‘ 5

¢ May. Jere. 4
tuely. Fug.sSept. Océ) 8

Annual Deviatror.

 

8 Bx../47.2Z..62 1
APPENDIX NO. /42.

Lrectptattore.

Comparative Curves oS: Seasonal Deviations from Normal Valezes.

Flurore, SD. epid City SD | Fe. 5S D. | Yar toreSD

789.

Pertods.

S || 7667 »| 1897, W887 7888,| 7889 \7890, r| 1888, 789 r

   

JO

726 Quarter.
(Jan. Feb. March.)

22 Quarter.
(Apert. May. Jure/)

G2" Quarter.
[July Mug. Sept.)

AtQuarter.
[{C Oct Nov. Dec.)

Winter.
(Van Pek Marck. Oot Hor.

Sure77er.
habs.

  

Dry S€aS072,
| | Car. Feb. Nov-Dec)

Wed Seasor..

(March April May. Jere.
July. Beeg.sSept Oct.)

Annuad Deviatror.

8 Ex..477_.521
Apprenpix No. 143.

_ Number of areas of low pressure traversing the region inclosed by the parallels of 42° and 54° north
, latitude and the meridians of 95° and 105° west longitude.

 

 

 

 

| a |

Year. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | June.| July.) Aug. Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.

oe eee FO oe -| Pesce es
oe EP el ey ee ey eR ea | to] 3] - 3! 55
7 2, 5 2 2 2 6 4 5 | 3 6 7| 51
5 6: 5 4 7 3 4 7) wi) ou 6 1 71
8 5. 6 2 5 4 7 4 4 3 4! 4 56
4 6] 7 4 8) 38] 5 7 7 5) 9. 4. 69
9 2; 8 9 8 4 3 5 7 7° GT! 4 73
4 5 5 8 3 8 4 4 5 7 1] 4 Bs
3 6 2 5 2 5 9 5 7 7 | a4. Fes 60
5 6: 5! 6 8 4 6 8 6; 4 7 | 9 74
G| 8) Sp) Be a Bo ay 81
‘ 6{ 5| 8 | 5] 5/ 4/ 5/ 6] 6; 6] 5] 5) 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apprenpix No. 144.

Average number of centers of low pressure passing within 150 miles of the station. Five years, 1887-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1891.

Station. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | sis Laie July.| Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Annual.
Fort Buford, N. Dak ......... 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 iw 2 2 1 1 22
‘Bismarck, N. Dak......--.--. 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 26
‘ St. Vincent, Minn............ 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 4 3 ae 3 29
Moorhead, Minn ...-....--:-- 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 9 21
Huron, §. Dak....-..-------- 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 o 1 2 24
Rapid City, S$. Dak ...-..---- 3i/< 2} 2] 2] 2] 3h 3! 2) af a} af 2 24
Fort Sully, §. Dak ....------- 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 2 24

Yankton, S, Dak....-..------ 2 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2
RE He pases uke dee ¢| a/ 8] 8] 4) 2 | 3 | a) 2 | a a) 4 24

 

 

 

 

 

205
Appenpix No. 145.

Mean monthly actual barometric pressure.

- [All observations corrected for temperature and instrumental error only. Fifteen-year normals from ‘‘Hazen’s Tables.”]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. une.| July.| Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec.
Bismarck, N. Dak scveccviseaeenwae eve 28,22 /28. 22 |28,21 [28.15 |28.12 |28.12 [28.17 |28.18 |28.18 |28.18 (28.21 | 28. 22
St. Vincent, Minn ---| 9.21 | 9,22 | 9.19 | 9.13 | 9.08 | 9.04 | 9.06 | 9.08 | 9.09 | 9.12} 9.17} 9.20
Moorhead, Minn .............- ----| 9.07 | 9.06 | 9.04 | 8.96 | 8.93 | 8.90 | 8.95 | 8.97 | 8.97 | 8.98 | 9.03 | 9.06
Fort Buford, N. Dak --| 7.96 | 7.98 | 7.96 | 7.92 | 7.89 | 7.87 | 7.93 | 7.94 | 7.95 | 7.96 | 7.97] 8.00
Deadwood, 8. Dak ............------- 5.25 | 5.26 | 5.30 | 5.30 | 5.33 | 5.37 | 5.44 | 5.44 | 5.43 | 5.39 | 5.35] 5.30
Huron, 8. Dak ...-.....--.--2..------ 8.68 | 8.66 | 8.64 | 8.56 | 8.54 | 8.53 | 8.58 | 8.59 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 8.65] 8.68
Rapid City, 8. Dak.! ...-....-........ 6.62 | 6.56 | 6.59 | 6.61 | 6.57 | 6.53 | 6.64 | 6.65 | 6.65 | 6.64 | 6.66 | 6.56
. Yankton, 8. Dak -......-.2.-22-.---.- 8.78 | 8.76 | 8.72 | 8.64 | 8.62 | 8.62 | 8.66 | 8.68 | 8.69 | 8.71 | 8.74] 8.77
Fort Sully, 8. Dak -......-..--...+--- 8.35 | 8.34 | 8.31 | 8.26 | 8.21 | 8.21 | 8.27 | 8.29 | 8.30 | 8.31 | 8.34} 8.36
Valentine, Nebr.?....-...---...-..--- 7.30 | 7.28 | 7.29 | 7.26 | 7.25 | 7.23 | 7.30 | 7.31 | 7.31 | 7.33 | 7.32] 7.28
eget eaian ee paeaees ‘ pale, go) ¥ 1 . : »
3 2 September, 1885-December, 1891.
Apprenpix No. 146.
Mcan monthly reduced barometric pressure.
_ [All observations corrected and reduced to sea level. Fifteen-year normals from ‘‘Hazen's Tables.”]
Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. |Junc.| July. | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. Nov. | Dec
Bismarck, N. Dak........---.-------- 30.19 (30. 16 |30.10 |29. 97 |29. 89 |29. 86 29.90 |29.92 129.95 |80. 00 /830.08 | 30.14
St. Vincent, Minn 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 9.94 | 9.89 | 9.91 | 9.93 | 9.95 | 0.00} 0.09! 0.15
Moorhead, Minn 0.15 | 0.10 | 9.98 | 9.93 | 9.87 | 9.91 | 9.94 | 9.96 | 0.00 | 0.08! 0.15
Fort Buford, N. Dak ; 0.17 | 0.08 | 9.97 | 9.89 | 9.84 | 9.88 | 9.90 | 9.95 | 0.01 | 0.08} 0.17
Deadwood, 8. Dak .......-.-..--- +---| 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 9.93 | 9.88 | 9.91 | 9.91 | 9.99 | 0.04] 0.14! 0.18
Huron, 8. Dak --.......2-..-2.---+--. 0,21 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 9.98 ; 9.93 | 9.90 | 9.94 | 9.95 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.19
Rapid City, 8. Dak.! .... 22.22.2222... 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 9.93 | 9.82 | 9.89 | 9.92 | 9.97 | 0.04! 0.14 | 0.05
Yankton, 8. Dak ......-------.------- 0,20 | 0.16 | 0,09 | 9.97 | 9.92 | 9.90 | 9.93 | 9.95 | 9.98 | 0.031 0.11 | 0.17 ~
Fort Sully, SU DAKE sists ch iecichshiasboerstans's 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 9.99 | 9.89 | 9.86 | 9.91 | 9.94 | 9.99 | 0.03 0.11! 0.17
Valentine, Nebr.? ..--..-.-..-....---- | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 9.99 | 9.93 | 9.86 | 9.93 | 9.96 | 9.991 0.06] 0.12) 0.11

 

206

? September, 1885-December, 1891.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)

January
dears. 7687 —J891.

Hpperdis NV? I47.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

: 708° yor? 706° Jos° = toa® 1038" 702 yor 700 99" IF gx 6° 96° 98” 93° ge" gw? 90°
se
| e
et ——|
53° Price Libor p , p—~_ |
x Bette for, 7; =\ 5S
ee) \
5 ‘onbolde i ~ "
_— 52"
N }\ i
x
: 2 hr = D | A
O N Nom ec A N nad
Soren = S
0 Ys P (i
50 Gu, RRO i
ae OM ermwedosa \ : ea
he
La ene \
. _ | 9
| — \ \ ‘ oe
Perm bcra OW sé Vira ( | | |
: Py
ae . | a N Rit i |
5 as
I 2 Ft Totter |
471 Lt \ ? Sterebrsore 2 < x
o o| T] A ie
PISMAR CK Moork Daiaths
7d Bre LOE: (
46 ° Ered. Hapeds H a ed
\
“RE |
45 a
Se) |
Ca P PAC
© Ft Ne; t -
com © ar
0 Kapid os
=
; A O ‘ ieee
2 wee NON \ be
= : 1 SSS L | #
| Le a © Valentine
| ©
42 |
> i | 4z
| Poo A SL
= ! | N A S| K A DEE MOINES
+7 © i
t ’ Nor Latte FV Kes i
i es |
706° 705° Ok ros* P ron 7o7 yoa° oe 99° aoe 97° S GS oF 95 ee
8 Ex 477. 621

 
Anpendtsx N? J#8.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)

Lebruary.

102° yor° 700° 99° Is" 97° 96" 95° 94" 93° 2° or” 90°

 

Oo
Webster

Fiurort

A
° lrtchs

° Fob’

8 Ex..47.7...62 1
Apperrdtvae M2 J4a9.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers,

March.

ga°

 

8 Bx.477. 521
Appendix NV? 750.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)
April

102° wor’ 100 99° 98° 97° — 96"

 

SEx 472 621
A fzpIer tat ac Ne J57.
Tracks of /Lreas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)

May
3 Years. JE887 —/89).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I eenaneneniaiennaient
708" yor" 106° wos"  ro8” 105° ETN 700 98° 97 96°

53

| be Peis Sj oe
ali = =
sy SAM
62 Lf. tole,
=
N | x
KD

or Ds)

\) 1 WY F Us

 

 

 

 

NPpelle

 

 

 

 

 

Say
As
¢
:
Md
&
: S
yr \o

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

r Perm bom Pre 57 Werder
Mt
ia { te"
\ LE Buford r PS

 

a |
be aa Lo ae 4 |
iS r oor
les C | = Cera \ \
46 | ae Mapedss, |
° S

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

i “Alo Hex, ey | i
a4 . 4 RE ° 1 H
LCL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

&
MiI
so
.
be
oO
jo
Pe
re
3
!

 

 

»
y
Q
s
°
s
%
y
a
>
%
\y
a

 

 

 

 

 

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Appendix MNV:752.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure (Storm Centers.)

Sune.

3 Years. /6E7 —-189)

° 708" 08" 70z° ror 700 99 98° Ox I6°

 

S Bx. /77...521
Apperdtx N° 753.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers,
Suly.

5 Years. 76587 — 1897.

102 yor 700 IF 95° oye" 95° 94? 93°

704° roa"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Er

|
. al IN

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B.
Pemb tra Wh? Virecert

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A a A y | © DES MOLNES
Pas rhe

N
1B 99° ae wo v6" : 94° IS 92°

8 Bx/277.. 581

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Appendix MN? 754.

Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)

108°

705°

August.

3 Years. /887— 1897.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

hese 107". 706° 704° 108° 702° ~ ° 700 99° IS a7 96° 95° 98 93° 92° T - 90°
ee. »
NN
a CCM, bg L
~“ aoe, gt Ma
s2 : bor ,
ti F
= >
of oO : |
_ a OS —~ | A N A
RS nae a os
50°) 7 Gad POD E
~J eae 50"
\
|
aor
i * YS s
48" t | O ie H ‘ ~~.
Hae KK x
|
; ¢ Steve, < / = A
47
kb K o| A Z Me r 47
| Neazsakang 7 a Tiree A
FEMCry | Llinglard Coy : yi i
46 : an Krridk Kap af ' ! £ | 1 ea j
° } \ j Lf > . ~ 96
: Serie IN 4a of J !
i | | & | ‘
: S Oo a ‘ | ae
T HH ieee Shela |
le eae foe
° LY Me Firs * aa sk | -
497 oe PIERRE ros a af |
SOE / " j “4
j 5 tH are
! D A K : if
43 a5 . j of < oT ee
= — IN *
| I of? dail ° Level ere , Xe gor |
as °o | A a | Oo WwW.
> j if i / | as + L Fz
| R Ss A q o- MOINES
a = cHEvenns| N E ea
: wily a Lgl ae “7
i t a 7 |
i ee 4 Z
706° 70s? roe? ros a Be 700° 99 yar 27" 6 9S of

 

 

8 Bx. /37.. 621
Apperdtx MN? 73505.
Tracks of Areas of Low Pressure. (Storm Centers.)

Sep tem b Cr;
3 Years. /887—/897/.

- py ° * ig? 3° ° ° . ° sg e 2 °
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