pin PAS Mh iN hoe ih si enihasehentt Ny NS ny mnt nteateareaann ne ma Seana a) Sheed an Herartinn ti Ay) Peseta Bt ye eR RAS Ma ae ROR Nias Bath ae nan wht Sh iri Risiiieieeenth es rye =A eR ae ‘ NO iN CART RANSt ta Rc an RN Roath Aah hip boectitry, hth Sterne scar three Ns bee ii Peete ilabet oe eh yt y ras ibd bab sek rhea S . bsbed. ae rbot beled irs oti b ante tet ee “Aon ee pears gan ene a erates pana a ye Heri Seri as oh cm oie pera geri tas Palas iF; arr aes tae PO Ora AS «Hb beveah irercitd a) ee Fives res P foe + Spe ee eet ee ATA Tae OeS: barista rt Petree iristean ert Pichia ard seat re na Eoiwnrs winter 1 yee Can a) wai Wari Dah dibl alee ny ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY NEW YorK STATE COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND HoME ECONOMICS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University Library QK 495.C86F93 uA 3 1924 001 736 432 NOTES OW THE CRUCIFERAE OF THE CAYUGA FLORA HOWARD B. FROST DEPARTMENT OF BUTANY CORNELL UNIVERSITY io 2 2s NOTES ON THE CRUCIFERAE OF THE CAYUGA FLORA es INTRODUCTION The work reported in the following pages has oc- cupied a part of the writer's time from about June 1, 1911, to the latter part of August, 1912. Active collection of specimens has covered a little more than one complete season. The immediate vicinity of Ithaca, excepting West Hill north of State St., has been fairly well stud- ied - including roadsides, fields, marshes, and ravines; outside of this area, because of the limited time avail- able, the work has necessarily been very incomplete, and has consisted most largely of the exploration of ravines for Dentaria. Most of the species known to occur in the Cayuga flora have been collected, but a much more extended search would be essential for a really good knowledge of the distribution of most of the species. The east lake slope, from Fall Creek to Myers Point, including Shurger's Glen, has been fairly well covered, as have been the Six Mile Creek valley as far as the Middle Reservoir, the Cascadilla Creek valley abott to Turkey Hill, and Taughannock ravine. The following 1lo- calities have also been visited: Caroline, Lounsbury ill, ’ etc.; Negundo Woods; West Branch of Inlet Creek, just be- low Newfield Falls; Coy Glen (for perhaps 1 1/2 -2 miles); Ellis Swamp; Gayuga; McLean peat-bogs, Cortland marl-ponds, etc.; Salmon Cr. valley just above Myers, at Ludlowville, and north from Ludlawville to North Lansing Creek, and the ravine of the latter creek. ° The following discussion will consider name, dis- tribution (especially local occurrence and typical habitat), notes on diagnosis (with relation to quick recognition by striking characters, as well as with relation to doubtful points and difficult determinations), and notes on vari- ation of species. In general, and except as otherwise specified, the"variation" of species will be considered for the Cayuga flora, and on the basis of the writer's specimens. It is important, of course, in considering such “variations", to remember the immense influence of the environment on plant characters; the writer has tried, for the most part, to call attention to positive or more or less probable indivations of hereditary or "genetic" variation. "Gray's New Manual of Botany" (7th Ed.) has been taken as the standard of nomenclature. Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada", which has often been consulted in cases of dif- ficult diagnosis, has been the main source for the history of the scientific names. "The Cayuga Flora" has been much used, of course, and "Plants of Monroe County, New York, and Adjacent Territory", and "A Gatalog of the Native: and Naturalized Plants of the City of Buffalo and Its Vic- inity" have been compared. : The following abbreviations have been used: Gray's New Manual of Botany G. M. Brittor’s Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Sanada B. M. Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada B. & B. The Cayuga Flora C. F. Plants of Monroe County, New York, and Adjacent Territory P}. Mon. Co. A Oatalog of the ~--- Plants of --- Buffalo and Its Vicinity Pl. Buf. Vic. The C. U. herbarium of the local flora--oc. Herb. Small initial letters have been used for all species~-names, since this convenient and intrinsically desirable practice is not positively forbidden by the Vienna Code, and presumably contravenes no real rule of Latin granmar in any case. Those from personal names, and those which are ancient (Latin or Greek) names of plants, are ordinarily capitalized; see Gray's Manual. Some "reformed" spellings of English words have been used. The only really intensive study has been made on the extremely "variable" genus Dentaria. The work, con- ducted as part of a “minor" subject, is hardly sufficient as the basis of a paper for publication, except perhaps (with further elaboration) in the case of Dentaria. Con- sequently it has appeared desirable to include much mater- ial that would not appear in a publisht paper, bringing together in a sort of "essay" form such facts, from var- ious authorities as well as from the writer's specimens, as will make the paper most useful for reference,to stud- ents of the Gayuga flora. The Cruciferae specimens in the Local-Flora Herb- arium have been rearranged where necessary, and a few needed corrections have been noted on the sheets. A considerable number of the specimens discust in the fol- lowing pages are to be added to the collection. A key not using fruit-characters has been constructed for the determination of the genera of the Cruciferae represent- ed in the Cayuga flora. The work has been done under the direction of Prof. W. W. Rowlee, to whom grateful acknowledgement is due for many helpful suggestions relating to the plan- ning of the work and various details of its accomplish- ment. Phe writer wishes, also, to thank Dr. H. B. Brown and Mr. H. P. Brown for occasional useful suggestions re- lating to the collection and determination of specimens. 1. ALYSSUM (Tourn.) L. 1. Alyssum alyssoides lL. Scientific name: Clypeola alyssoides L. Sp. Pl. 652, 1753. Alyssum alyssoides Gouan, Hort. Monsp. 3216 1762. Alyssum calycinum L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 908. 1768. The application of the principle of priority separately to genus and species results here in an ano- malous designation - “alyssum-like alyssum"! A. calycin- um has been generally used, but under the Vienna Code the original species-nane, so long as it is not identical with the accepted genus-name, must stand. G. M. does not credit Gouan; Linnaeus is properly credited with both species-name and genus-name, but he failed to make the right combination here, and the case seems a doubtful one. Common names: Yellow alyssum. Small alyssum. Distribution and habitat: A European species, introduced at various points in the northeastben and North Central States (and Ont., Canada), and in the Far West. It does not appear to be at” common in this region; "The Cayuga Flora" mentione 3 localities, all in or near Ithaca (2 represented in Local Herbarium), while Plants of Monroe County"’and "Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity" both “call it“rare", each naming two stations. Found by the writer only at Ithaca, - along Linn St. and on the slope above, near Fall Creek (abund- ant at the sand-bank by the creek). Diagnosis and variation: The only species of the genus here, at once recog- entite nizable by its tufted habit and small ,white-hoary leaves. No evidence of different hereditary types has been obtained, ay the plants appearing remarkably uniform except in size-characters. 2. ARABIS L. 2. Arabis canadensis L. Scientific name: Arabis canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 665. 1753. Common name: Sickle-pod. Distribution and habitat. A native species, ranging southward from Ontario and N. E. to Ga. and Tex.; a plant of woods, cliffs, ana ravines. Pl. of Mon. Co.: “river banks and ravines; not common". Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. C. F.: "in thickets widely distributed, but growing singly"; Fall Cr., Six Mile Cr., Enfield ravine, South Hill and lake-shore ravines, Taughannock ravine. Loc. Herb.: Watkins, N. Y.;3 Fall Cr. - of the species The writer has one specimen, from dense shade on the east lake slope, collected by H. P. Brown, and has also found it in two localities, as follows: on sand-bank near Van Natta pumping station, and along upper state road to north from rthacas, HaW cast of Renwick, in and near woodland recently largely cleared (two specimens here). Diagnosis: As to stem, leaves, and flowers, at the first glance, a plant in bloom strikingly simulates a golden- Large, — rod. The,rough, merely sessile, nearly entire stem- A leaves differ decidedly from the leaves of our other species of Arabis. Variation: fhe material available is inadequate. 3. Arabis drunmondi Gray Scientific name: (? Turritis brachycarpa T. &G. Fl. N. A. 1: 79. 1838) Arabis confines S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 466. 1887. (? Arabis brachycarpa Britton, Mem. Torr. Club. 5: 174. 1894.) Arabis Drummondi Gray- Presumably Britton includes this form under A. brachycarpa. According to Gray's Manual, A. brachycarpa is similar, but has the basal leaves densely pubescent, etc., and has a more northern, tho largely overlapping, range; it does not seem to occur either here or in Monroe county, according to the available evidence. Common name: Purple rock-cress (for A. brachycarpa, according to Britton). Distribution, and habitat: Native; northern U. S. and southern Ganada; on rocks and cliffs. Pl. of Mon. Co. (Sup.): A.confinis Wats. given for limestone region of Leroy. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rare"; 2 stations. C. F.: "Rocks and shale cliffs, frequent. Fall Or. and all the ravines, especially abundant on the high cliffs north of King's Ferry". Koc. Herb.: Enfield, Fall Or., and Paughannock ravines. Loc. ‘isvie: Pall ees “an pedo. Pavinee Collected as follows:- a. Fall Cr. ravine, near upper street bridge. 3- Hillside at Esty's Glen. |. Above lake cliffs, about a mile south of Shurger's Glen, on old log near brook. Evidently a plant of open or moderately shaded rocky situations. Diagnosis and variation: A.glaKita is larger, with stem-leaves relatively much broader; A, drumnondi is quite noticeably glaucous. Striking variations have not been ee Bry bem df Pirinc te of Sede [ eu. & ae toe A \ or mh cd ae r 10 4. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Scientific name: Turritis glabra L. Sp. Pl. 666. 1753. Arabis glabra Bernh. Verz. Syst. Erf. 195. 1800. Arabis perfoliata Lam. Encycl. 1: 219. 1783. The Vienna Code, as noted for Alyssum, requires invariably the retention of the savant apatiss - name — unless, of course, that name becomes the name of the genus. Common name: Tower mustard. Distribution and habitat: - Native im northern U. S. and southern Ganada; also in Europe and Asia. Fields and rocky places. Pl. of Mon. Co.: rare; Brockport; Wayne Co. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rare"; one station. C. F.: “fields, appearing as if introduced; scarce. South Hill, above the quarry; Ulysses, near Perry; near Summit Marsh". Loc. Herb.: Kelloggsville, Cayuga Co. (several specimens); Cortland; Perry. Not collected by the writer. 11° 5. Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scep. Scientific name: Turritis hirsuta L. Sp. Pl. 666. 1753. Arabis hirsuta Scop. Fl. Cafn. Ed. 2, 2:30. 1772. Common name: Hairy rock-cress. Distribution and habitat: Native; southern Canada; U. S., especially north- ern part, also in Europe and Asia. "Cliffs and rocks"; “eravelly shores and calcareous rocks". Pl. of Mon. Co.: “Rare. Rocky bank of Genesee R. below lower falls. "Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rare"; 2 stat- ions. C. F.: Frequent. Fall Cr.; Enfield ravine; Six Mile Cr., "Narrows". Lakeshore ravines. Loc. Herb. ; Fall Cr. ravine; Burdick's Glen, Lansing; near Syracuse. Collected as follows:- Fall Cr. ravine (2 spec., 1911 and 1912). Diagnosis: The pronounced hatriness of the/small leaves in- dicates the species at once, as the leaf-form and strict habit do the genus. Variation: Cc. F. mentions "small thin-leaved specimens, re- 12 sembling Sisymbrium thaliana", as produced in shade (see local herbarium); the species, however,is plainly the smallest Arabis of this flora. 6. Arabis laevigata {Muhl.) Poir. Scientific name: furritis laevigata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 543. 1801. Arabis laevigata Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 411. 1810. Common name: Smooth rock-cress. Distribution and habitat: Native. Southeastern Canada; Bastern and North Central States. Rocky places; woods. Pl. of Mon. Co. and C. F.: "Prequent". Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rather rare"; 2 stations. Loc. Herb.: faughannock ravine. Collected as follows:- Fall Cr. ravine (1911, 1912). Faughannock ravine, north cliffs. Esty's Glen, hillside. fhe species seems rather frequent in the local- 13 ities where it was collected, but has not been found else- where by the writer. Diagnosis: Stem-leaves bright green, thin, smooth, usually few-serrate. Variation: fhe specimens show decided evidence of the exist- ence of two or more different types of leaves within the species. Sheet 1 (Fall Cr. ravine, 5-22-1912) has two marktly different specimens - one with stem-leaves near- ly as in Britton and Brown's illustration, the other with leaves much longer and relatively narrower, nearly all the stem-leaves being decidedly lanceolate and near- ly entire. Sheet 2 (faughannock, 1911),one specimen, and Sheet 3 (Bsty's Glen, 1912) show types rather inter- mediate between those of Sheet 1, while Sheet 8 (evi- dently Fall Cr. ravine, 1911) has a specimen with, ap- parently, the broadest leaves of all. The contrast of the specimen of Sheet 8, even with that of Sheet 3, is very decided. 7. Arabis lyrata L. Scientific name: Arabis lyrata L. Sp. Pl. 665. 1753. 14 Oardamine spathulata Mich§x. Fl. Bor. Am. 2. 29. 1803. Common name: Lyre-leaved rock-cress. Distribution and habitat: Native. Southern Canada and N. E. to Mo. and Tenn. "Rocky and sandy places". Pl. of Mon. Co.: not mentioned. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rather rare". C. F.: "Ravines and cliffs, scarce. Rare in Fall Cr. and Enfield ravines. Caroline, some- what abundant on the North Pinnacle; almost wholly wanting on the lake-shore cliffs. Cliffs, S. E. corner of Seneca L." Loc. Herb.: “Rattlesnake Pinnacle", near White Church; also Watkins, and more distant places outside the Cayuga basin. Not collected by the writer; evidently still "scarce". 3. BARBAREA R. Br. 7. Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Scientific name: Erysimum Barbarea L. Sp. Pl. 660. 1753. 15 Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 4: 109. 1812. B. vulgaris var. arcuata A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 35. 1856. Barbarea Barbarea MacM. Met. Minn. 259. 1892. The adoption of Barbarea as the name of the genus precludes its use for the species, in spite of its pri- ority. Common names; Yellow rocket. Yellow cress. Common winter cress. Distribution and habitat: According to Britton, naturalized from Europe, according to the more recent Gray's Manual, it is"in- digenous from L. Superior northward and westward," tho apparently introduced further east and south. Also native of Europe. Moist soil is especially favorable, but not at all essential. Pl. of Mon. Co.: wet grounds, ditches, roadsides; common. Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. C. F.: cultivated soil; everywhere. Loc. Herb-: Ithaca, near Freeville, near Enfield ravine. This species is probably more widely distributed 16 and generally common in!Gayuga flora than any other non- arboraceous angiosperm whatever, excepting only, perhaps, avery few of the grasses; it seems to the writer, in fact, very improbable that any exception need be made if all types of habitats, thruout the region, are considered. It grows in upland fields, marshes, ravines, and wood- land, on elirre, und; in fact, practically everywhere that any herbaceous plant can grow, and becomes a time-wasting nuisance to the collector looking for rarer crucifers. The localities where specimens were actually taken, will be given, largely, below. Diagnosis and variation: Perhaps B. verna (Mill.) Asch. (= Barbarea prae- cox Sm.) does not occur here, tho Pl. of Mon. Co. gives it as"rare". Pl. Buf. Vic.: not listed. The Loc. Herb. specimens from Enfield are noted as varying toward it, however, having as many as 7 pairs of 7ateral leaflets (the fruit-characters cannot be determined). If B. stricta occurs here, the writer has not been able to separate it. Apprest-fruited forms certainly occur - and, as Dr. He B. Brown remarkt to the writer in 1911, intergrade with divaricate forms; this, as will be pointed out below, is a character apparently largely dependent on the light-conditions, and gives no certain 17 basis for distinction of two types in miscellaneous material. Further, while the leaf-form is highly vari- able, and probably not alone from the variations of the environment, it seems impossible to distinguish two def- inite types as associated with the fruit-characters in question. A list of specimens arranged according to capsule- position follows.-~- Sheet No. No. of Locality Divergence Notes plants of capsules 1 1 Brook near Renwick Slender Very Wide 2 1 Shurger's Glen Rather "* in 3 1(epoit? Renwick or Taughannock 4 1 N. W. of Morse Hall Wide Rather large (evidently in shade) 5 1 Slope below Gayuga Hts Branch of Probably moderate shade large plant. 6 1 Do. Medium Large 7 1 Do. 8 1 Do. Medium 9 1 Do to slight 10 1 Do. 11 2 Renwick, Taughannock Pls. of med. or both. light size. 12 1 Cayuga Hts., roadside Large . 13 1 Slope below Cayuga Hts. 14 1 Sage Playground, Cas. Cr. Rather small Sheet No. of No. plants 15 1(good) 16 1 17 1 18 1 * 19 1 20 3 21 22 23-30 18 Locality Ithaca or Taughannock }Very Slight Divergence of capsules Roadside, toward Bllis Road to Coy Glen, flats Along R. R., near McLean Coy Glen Renwick brook, just below high culvert Evidently hill road- side near White Church (perhaps mod- erate shade Roadside near C. U. filter plant; shade Various \ apparently wide (ola INMature ra- cemes). a (Too young) Notes Stout Ripe capsul in dense racémes t Rather stout Tall, rather slender Rather Bhort and slender. Racemes slender; plants vig- orous, evid. Very small. The specimens of Sheets 1, 2, and 19-22 seem to indicate a tendency to wide divergence of capsules with weak, slender plants that have grown in the shade, while those of Sheets 5-10, and 18, indicate much variation in a small area (a patch of partly cleared woodland). The leaves correspond well to the descriptions of B. vulgaris; in fact, the leaves No. 1 are probably about as much like B. stricta as any. All these specimens should evidently be classed in one species; if B. stricta is really a “good species", its separation on the basis of capsule- 19 divergence alone is evidently impossible. 4. BRASSICA (Tourn.) L. 8. Brassica alba (L.) Boiss. Scientific name: Sinapis alba L. Sp. Pl. 668. 1753. Brassica alba Boiss. Voy. Espag. 2: 39. 1839-45. One of the species of Gray's Brassica originally classed by Linnaeus as generically distinct from the cab- bage, turnip, etc. Common name: White mustard. Distribution and habitat: Adventive or introduced from Europe; also found ‘in Western Asia . “Waste places and fields, occasional, mostly escaped from cultivation" (B. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Escapes rarely". Pl. Buf. Vic.: not listed. C. F.: Fields, rare. Ithaca; field E. of Freeville. Loc. Herb.: Ithaca, Freeville. Collected once (1911) by the writer - by roadside, 20 near path from Prof. Craig's house to the old greenhouses of the Cornell College of Agr. It has not been recog- nized elsewhere at any time. Evidently it is not well adapted to the conditions it must meet here as a wild plant. e Diagnosis: the eambyents curved, densely hairy capsules are very conspicuous and distinctive. 9. Brassica arvensis (L.) Ktze. Scientific name: Sinapis arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 668. 1753. Brassica Sinapistrum Boiss. Voy. Espagne, 2: 39. 1839 - 45. Bressica arvensis B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 1888. (According to Britton and Brown; Gray's Man. credits the combination as used in the heading, presumably on the basis of newer evidence. ) Common names: Wild mustard. Yellow mustard. Charlock. English charlock. 21 Distribution and habitat: Adventive or naturalized from Europe. "Noxious weed in grain-fields"; fields, roadsides, etc. Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Fields, roadsides, waste places; common.” Pl. Buf. Vic.; listed. C. F.: Cultivated fields, etc." Loc. Herb.: Ithaca. Collected as follows: Alumni Field (abundant on newly graded area, 1911 and 1912) McLean, near R- R. Sta. Chicago (E. of McLean), along R. R. (some specimens extremely small). West Hill, Ithaca, field near upper road toward Coy Glen. Coy Glen (dead racemes, probably B. arvensis). This species has been seen rather frequently, es- pecially in cultivated fields. It seems to need rather fertile soil for vigorous growth, but the main direct limiting factor seems to be the amount and character of other vegetation. It is plainly intolerant of competi- tion - and probably of shade in particular. It has not often been observed by the writer as a serious weed in this locality, but one field at McLean appeared to be badly infested. 22 Diagnosis and variation: upper The nearly entire, irregularly dentate, stem-leaves are conspicuously characteristic. The size of the plant varies enormously according to the environment, and the smaller plants tend to have stem-leaves more nearly en- tire toward the base, but the material collected gives no trustworthy evidence of "genetic" variation, and the writer's observation of the species in general suggests the same conclusion as to the uniformity of the species. 10. Brassica campestris L. Scientific name: Brassica compestris L. Sp. Pl. 666. 1753. Common names: Rutabaga. Swedish turnip. Swede. Wild navew. Distribution and habitat: "Fugitive from Europe. In cultivated grounds, some- times persisting for a year or two, and occasional in waste places eastward". (B.M.). "Often a’ noxious weed". (G. M.). 23 Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Occasionally spontaneous.” C. F.: (not mentioned). Pl. Buf. Vic.: “Rather rare"; accidental::. Loc. Herb.: no specimens. Because of lack (in some cases) of careful study of the fresh material, and of appreciation of the dis- tinguishing characteristics of B. compestris, rapa, and gleracea, it has been somewhat difficwlt to separate the two former species, but this has probably been correctly done finally. Specimens classed as B. campestris have been found and collected as follows:- Ithaca, Students' Commons (1911). Ithaca, west of barns of College of Agr. (1912). Sage Playground, near Casc. Cr- (1912). The species can hardly be called a "noxious weed" in this region. Diagnosis: The distinguishing characters seem to be well given in G. M., but avestated with special clearness and emphasis in the "Cyclopedia of Horticulture". The young plants are very unlike, but fresh specimens of the fruit- ing stems are much less distinctive. The clasping bases of the stem-leaves distinguish these species decidedly from the mustard group. 24 ll. Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson. Scientific name: Sinapis juncea L. Sp. Pl. 668. 1753. Brassica juncea Cosson, Bul. Soc. Bot. France 6: 609. 1859. Common name: Indian mustard. Distribution and habitat: : Naturalized from Asia. Northeastern and North Central States. “Recently introduced but already common" (B. M.). "“Roadsides, grain-fields, etc.", Pl. of Mon. Co., Pl. Buf. Vic., C. F.: not listed. Boc. Herb.: no specimens. One specimen, mentioned below under B. nigra, found near B. nigra near Renwick, seems to correspond much more closely with the descriptions of B. juncea, and has been provisionally placed in that species. Sheet 9 of the B. nigra specimens (see below) may also belong here. 12. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Scientific name: Sinapis nigra L. Sp. Pl. 668. 1753. Brassica nigra Koch., in Roehl, Deutsche Fl. Ed. 3, 4: 713. 1833. 25 Common name: Black mustard. Distribution and habitat: - Naturalized from Europe. Fields, roadsides, waste places; common. Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Cultivated fields, waste places, along streams; common". Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. C. F.: "Waste places and along streams and lake-shores". Loc. Herb.: Ithaca (and also at Charlotteville, (Niagara Co.), Brookfield, and Norwich). Collected as follows:- Ithaca, along path, just above Quarry St. (abundant). Ithaca, Alumni Field (one specimen, evidently B. nigra; leaf-margins mostly or entirely lacking the usual fine dentation). Cayuga, near R. Re. Sta. Renwick (very abundant at and near Renwick, and in places south about to Fall Cr.; sometimes forming dense thickets, and #onetines.forming.dense..thicketsy.and- sometimes, probably, reaching a height of th Perhaps seen a few times in other localities. 26 Moist alluvial ground seems specially adapted to this species, which in such locations may become surprisingly abundant and vigorous. Diagnosis and variation: Conspicuous recognition characters are the lyrate, finely dentate lower stem-leaves, the entire and almost linear leaves of the inflorescence, and the short, very small-beakt capsules. Sheet 9 has a specimen (from Alumni Field) lacking in fine leaf-dentation; tho this character seems rather variable, it is doubtful whether this plant may not be B. juncea. One specimen found near Renwick is very probably B. juncea_ (which see), as it has capsules much larger and longer-beakt than is usual for B. nigra, with leaf-margins much like those shown for B. juncea by 5B. & B. 13. Brassica @leracea L. Scientific name: as above; history not given by B. & Be Common names: cabbage, guliflower, etc. Sev- eral of these forms are so distinct that the writer can (aside from the formal rule of the €ode !) see no good reason, for refusing them the rank of species— unless they intercross readily,and natural intercrossing of species oe of course by no means unknown in some of the genera 27 that have been carefully studied. — and cab- bage, for instance, are readily distinguisht by stable botanical characters, and apparently nothing but ease of intercrossing can logically prevent the ascription of specific rank. If such division of B. @leracea is not practicable, sere or eds forms can hardly be given a rank less definite than that of taxonomic varieties. Distribution and habitat: Introduced from Europe. "Occasionally found in a half-wild state" (G. M.), or “in waste places" (B. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co., Pl. Buf. Vic.: not listed. C. F.: "Springs up in many places; abundant in 1884". Loc. Herb.: no specimens. Not indentified anywhere by the writer. Diagnosis: C. F. does not mention B. campestris; is there any possibility of either merging or confusing of this spec- ies with B. aleracea? 14. Brassica rapa L. Scientific name: Brassica rapa L. Common name: Turnip . 28 Common turnip. Distribution: Introduced from Europe. "Tends to escape from or persist after cultivation, and often is a noxious weed" (G. M.). It does not seem to be at all dangerous as a weed here, perhaps because the severe winters make sur- vival uncertain; and so with B. campestris. Pl. Mon. Co.: “Occasionally spontaneous". Pl. Buf. Vic.: often from "bird-seed". C. F.: not listed. Loc. Herb.: no specimens. Collected as follows:- 1. New baseball field. . 2, 3. Near Chicago (E. of McLean) in two places. There seems to be no room for doubt with No. 1, which is marktly hirsute-pubescent at the base. No more than slight traves of pubescence have been found on No. 2, but these traces, the leaf-form (tho basal leaves are gone), the flowers, the flattened form of the root, and especially the apparently definitely white color of the root when fresh, seem to determine the specimen surely as B. rapa. No. 3, with slender root and all lower leaves gone, is perhaps less certain, but the petiole of one leaf bears at the base 2 hirsute "prickles" like those found on No. 1. 29 5. CAMELINA Crantz. 15. Gamelina sativa (L.) Orantz. Scientific name: Myagrum sativum L. Sp. Pl. 641. 1753. Camelina sativa Crantz, Strip. Austr. 1: 18. 1762. Common names: False flax. Gold-of-pleasure. Distribution and habitat: Introduced from Europe, where it is cultivated. "In fields (especially where flax has been grown) and waste places, frequent or occasional thruout our area" (B. Me). Pl. of Mon. Co.: “Occasional in fields and waste places"; abundant at one station (in wheat-fields). Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Hare". C. F.: OC. U. Campus (1875 and 1882); Aurora, by R. R. Not found by the writer. 6. CAPSELLA Medic. 30 16. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Scientific name: Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris L. Sp. Pl. 647. 1753. Bursa pastoris in Wigg. Prim. Fl. Holst. 47. 1780. Capsella Bursa-pastoris Medic. Fl. Gatt. 1: 85. 1792. Bursa Bursa~-pastoris Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 172. 1894. A peculiar complication is introduced by the cutting up of the earliest species-name to produce a complete nane; this gives really new names for both genus and species, and, since Bursa bursa-pastoris is evidently ruled out as being reduplication, and the genus must be separated from Thlaspi, evidently the most nearly regu- lar course is to combine the earliest species-name with the genus-name ranking next to Bursa in priority® Common name: Shepherd's purse. Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe. A very common weed of cultivated land and waste places. Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Everywhere abundant". C. F.: "Hverywhere". Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. Loc. Herb.: Ithaca (roadside and fields), and specimens from without the ‘ I Canaria rncdiuw. The Viera Gola. rock. Copretle a Ree tere 31 Qayuga region. Another introduced weed that can stand little com- petition, but thrives on rich cultivated land in spite of all ordinary attempts at suppression. Like Brassica arvensis, it strongly contrasts with Barbarea vulgaris in its restricted range of habitat. No attempt has been made, naturally, to collect specimens illustrative of the distribution; the main aim has been to illustrate the variation in leaf-form. Several experimenters have shown by pedigree cultures the existence of various genetic types in this species; the writer simply illus- trates this variability, for the most part, by a few series of specimens each taken from a single small area on one day. Diagnosis: Recognizable at once by the flat, triangular pods. Variation: Sheet 27 (one specimen) shows a very small plant, with leaves almost absolutely entire, that very closely resembles the var. nana of F. £. and E. S. Clements (Herbaria Formationum Coloradensium), as shown in the general herbarium of Cornell University. The leaf-form of a given individual may change e greatly with the season and the age of the plant (see 32 Sheet 6), but considerable hereditary difference is ~ strongly indicated by the 3 series described below (Sheets 1-6, 7-11, and 12-24). Description of specimens. (Col. 2)(Col.1) No. Sheet Locality Date Basal leaves of No. . Of Coll. pls. 3 s 4 1 { i 5-8-12 Coarsely serrate. 2 2 ay : # Deeply serrate to parted. a 4 3 Sk ® Usually parted to divided. 5 4 q 7 Do., divisions long & narrow ~ to extremely so. 1 5 e Leaves completely divided; lobes short, broad, rounded, 3 obtuse. 3 6 5 Leaves partly parted or eae divided, partly. nearly. = entire. 7 ‘| 5-31-12 Serrate to parted. 1 1 8 a8 ” " & parted to dividéd. 1 9 a] . Usually divided; segments 1 10 ae " commonly rather long and narrow. 1 11 3 & j . 2 12 6-17-12 Irreg. & moderately serrate. 1 13 A ; . . " & ocgas. some- what incised. 2 14 Y . Serrate, sometimes coarsely & deeply. i | 33 we Sheet Locality Date pls. of Coll. 1 15 6-17-12 ; Sai S 2 17 d S * 1 18 Bs " 1 19 7 # 1 20 oS = . ; me « 1 22 & " 1 23 4 Qe : 1 2 Oe ke 3) eb ee 6-8-12 — booed 1 26 Janghor. 61-11 1 27 Sobre Sh. Ithaca 6-712 1 28 Wielean err 6-15-12 2 29 c.u.PL-bhit 10-5-11 mae 80 C.UL., Het. cold frome. 10-5-11 Basal leaves. Similar, sometimes neakly parted. Similar, often nearly or quite parted. Parted to divided, lobes usually rather broad. Deeply parted to divided, lobes often narrow. Commonly divided, lobes often rather short & bpooad. Similar to last, lobes perhaps more elongated. Similar to No. 20. Lobes commonly long, rath- er narrow & acute. Similar to last; secondary lobing specially prominent. Divided, lob iis & narrov. Commonly ac [ divided (Plssx very small - evident- ly starved.) App. commonly parted (poorly prest). Almost absolutely entire (Very small pl. from roadside .} Divided; lobes rounded to wedge-shaped. Moderately serrate; a few parted in one case, & a few at least deeply serrate in the other case. Serrate to incised or parted. 34 7. CARDAMINE (fourn.) L. 17. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) B SP. Scientific name: Arabis bulbosa Schreb.; Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3. 174. 1793. Oardamine rhomboidea D. C. Syst. Veg. 2: 246. 1821. Cardamine bulbosa By S, P- Prel. Cat. N. Y. 4. 1888. Common names: Spring cress. Bulbons cress. Distribution and habitat: - Native. Southeastern Oanada, and Eastern, Centra], and Southern States. Rich woods, wet meadows, etc. Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Woods, wet meadows, and springy places; common". Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rather rare"; 3 stat- ions. C. F.: "Rich woods or sometimes wet places. Indian Spring Marsh. Near Freeville and McLean. Less common than the var. purpurea" (= C. douglassii). Loc. Herb.: Indian Spring Marsh, Ithaca Marsh (and Hilton). Found much more abundantly by the writer, and in 35 more places, than C. douglassii. Found and collected as follows- Forest Home (on flats along Fall Cr., both in thicket and in grass-land, and in hill- side spring-bog near). Renwick (in small patch of woods to west). North Lansing Cr. flats at Tarbel (about 2 miles from Salmon Cr.) Same creek, near Salmon Or., flats. The plants were abundant in the first three locations. The habitat-range overlaps that of Dentaria, but differs noticeably- C. bulbosa is, like all species of Dentaria here, a plant of wet soil, but evidently especially of open or partly shaded, often grassy locations. A wet, partly shaded alluvial meadow or thicket seems to be ideal (e. ge, as at Tarbel), while the Dentaria species are primarily plants of dense shade, and hence of wooded ravines. Dentaria is well establisht in sod, very close to the woods, on the Forest Home flats, but this is de- cidedly exceptional. Diagnosis: The long-petioled orbicular and rhombic leaves re- semble only those of C. douglassii; the latter looks very similar, but blooms earlier and has purplish flowers, the 36 flowers of C. bulbosa being pure white. In spite of G. M., the radical leaves may be orbicular. Variation: fhere are probably different hereditary leaf-types. Sheets 8-11 (Tarbel) shows some specimens with stem-leaves nearly entire, perhaps slightly sinuate, while other plants have markt Serration; a few of these specimens have each one or two nearly orbicular leaves near the middle of the stem, while others have marktly oblong or elliptical leaves B& little above the base. Probably there are several distinct hereditary types of leaf-form represented by the plants from farbel, while the other specimens give some evidence of such differences. 18. Gardamine douglassii (Torr.) Britton. Scientific name: Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr. Am. Jour. Sci. 4: 66. 1822. Arabis douglassii Torr.; T. &G. Fl. N. A. i: 83. As synonym. 1838. Cardamine Douglassii Britton, Trans. N. Y- Acad. Sci. 9: 8. 1889. Cardamine purpurea Britton (Bate?) 37 Under the Vienna Code, a prior varietal name is disre- garded in determining the correct species-name; hence douglassii, as the first specific name, must stand. Common name: Purple cress. | Distribution and habitat: Native. Southern Ont., etc., to Md. and Ky. (G. M.)3 also north to artic Am. (B. M.). "Cold, springy places" (B. M.)3 "rich, low woods" (G. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Low grounds along rivulets, wet places; common." Pl. Buf. Vic.; one specimen, considered more probably C. rotwfidifolia. C. F.: "In wet and springy places; common". Loc. Herb.: Spring Marsh, Ithaca (and Ridge Road). . Found fairly abundant in a small area in Beechwoods (Six Mile Cr.) - south of the buttonwaocrd trees, not far from the low cliffs on the east. Also one specimen (found by Prof. Rowlee) in woods, Taughannock ravine. Not found elsewhere. Diagnosis: Bee ¢. bulbosa. 38 19. Cardamine hirsuta L. Scientific name: Cardamine hirsuta L. Sp. Pl. 655. 1758. Conmon name: Hairy bitter-cress. Distribution and habitat: : ; In Europe and Asia; perhaps introduced in U. S. (G. M-). “Pa. to Mich., Neb., and N.C." (B. M.)3 "“soubh Pa. to N. C. and Mich., a doubtful specimen from west Mass. (G. M.). In moist places. Pl. of Mon. Co. and C. F.: “Wet places; common" (and listed in Pl. Buf. Vic.) but C. pennsylvanica is not mentioned, and evidently, in accordance with Gray's Man- ual, 6th Ed., was included in C. Hirsuta. boc. Herb.: all specimens labeled hirsuta, except those four from Tully L-, ere evidently pennsylvanica; the four mentioned are very small, and 2 at least have the leaves nearly all basal. fhe writer has obtained one specimen, from the ravine of Renwick Brook, very similar to the Tully L. specimens, and probably to be referred to C. hirsuta. A little specimen from Coy Glen is more doubtful. Diagnosis: 39 fhe type has the leaves mostly basal, and seems to be usually smaller than C. pennsylvanica. 20. Gardamine parviflora L. Scientific name: Cardamine parviflora L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 914. 17638. Cardamine hirsuta var. sylvatica A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 67. 1867. Common name: Small-flowered bitter-cress. Distribution and habitat: Native, but also in northern Europe and Asia. Southern Canada; northern and eastern U. S. (south to , Ga.). "On rocks" (B. M.): "rocky and barren soil" (G. Me). Pl. of Mon. Co.: not listed. Pl. Buf: Vic.: list- ed. C. F.: "Drier places (than C. hirsuta); rare. High rocks and shales, Burdick's Glen and vicinity". Loc. Herb.: Burdick's Glen. Evidently not found by the writer. Diagnosis: Leaflets of stem-leaves extremely narrow. 40 21. Oardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. Scientific name: Cardamine Pennsylvania Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 8: 486. 1800. Cardamine Pennsylvania Brittoniana Farwell, Asa Gray Bul. 6: 46. 1894. Common name: Pennsylvania bitter-cress. Distribution and habitat: Southeastern Canada; northern and eastern U. S. (south to Fla.). Swamps, wet places. Pl. of Mon. Coe, Ph. Buf. Vic., C. F.: evidently in C. hirsuta, which see. Loc. Herb.: Cascadilla Cr. at Ithaca; Six Mile Cr. (and places outside the Cayuga region). Found and collected by the writer as follows:- Sheet 1. Beechwoods. X 2. Forest Home flats. » 8. Glen about 1 mile S. of Shurger's Glen. " 4-6, 18. Renwick (marsh, a little southwest of beach). , @. Pfarbel, flats along North Lansing Cr. Abundant. « 8. Esty's Glen. 1 @-11. Gascadilla Cr., perhaps 1 mile east of 41 Ithaca. Sheet 12. East of McLean, in brook in pasture near peat-bogs. 14. Coy Glen (possibly C. hirsuta?). Also seen elsewhere in ravines. A plant of very wet locations - beds of brooks, wet rocks in ravines, etc., often, no doubt, more or less in running water part of the year. At Renwick abundant in the wet alluvial soil, especially in spots too wet for grass. Diagnosis: This species may somewhat resemble slender speci- mens of Radicula nasturtium-aquaticum, but is not a prostrate aquatic, tho evidently it may occasionally fall down and root for a short distance. See C. parviflora. Variation: Evidently an exceeding variable species. Sheets 9 ~- 11 show the following 3 types: 9 (2 plants).Terminal lobe of stem-leaves large, orhix-wlar; lateral leaflets, 1 ~- 3 pairs. 10 (4 plants)-Plants nearly as tall; leaves simi- lar in form, but much smaller. ll. Plants a little smaller, leaves and leaf- segments extremely small. 42 In many of the other specimens, the lateral leaf- lets are more numerous, ranging up to & pairs at least, and these leaflets may vary much in form. No. 1 has about 6 pairs of short, broad leaflets; Sheet 2 has one specimen with about 5 pairs of narrowly elliptical leaf- lets, and another with 3 - 4 pairs and a larger terminal leaflet. Sheets 4 and 5 show 8 larger~leaved plants, with 4 and 5 pairs of lateral leaflets; Sheet 5 has also a small plant with Barbarea-like leaves similar to those of Sheets 9 - 11, and a rather tall plant with narrow leaflets and very slender branches. A great part of this variation is, in all reasonable probability, genetic. 22. Cardamine pratensis L. Sp. Pl. 656. 1753. Common names: Cuckoo-flower- Meadow bitter-cress. Distribution and habitat: Native; also in Europe and northern Asia. South- ern Ganada and northern U. S. Wet places, bogs, swamps. Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Wet meadows and bogs; scarce"; several stations. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rare"; one station. Cc. F.:"Wet marshes and meadows; scarce. Marshes, head of Lake, and Dryden-Lansing swamp. Larch Meadow. Fleming 43 Meadow. Near Freeville. Round Marsh. Locke Pond." Loc. Herb.: West Dryden Swamp; (also, Bergen Swamp, and Oswego, swamp). Not found by the writer. 8. DENTARIA (Tourn.) L. General Discussion. This genus is the only one of which any really intensive study has been made. Two observations made at Beechwoods early in May, 1912, led to this undertaking - the astonishing variety of leaf-form shown by Dentaria laciniata there, and the presence of typical and doubtful specimens of the supposedly "scarce" D. maxima. Further exploration of this and other localities yielded remarkable results. Almost every favorable locality visited added to the number of modifications and combinations of Dentarta characters, and, with such ravines as Big Gully and the ravine of Butternut Cr. un- visited, it is extremely improbable that the present ex- tensive collection is complete. The evidence indicates, first, a remarkable amount of variation in specific char- acters, and, second, such varied combinations of these characters as to indicate strongly that intercrossing of the species has occurred, and that repeatedly. Typical D. diphylla, D. laciniata, and D. maxima have been found repeatedly - the first two in considerable abundance, while the third can hardly be said to be "scarce" at present in the Cayuga flora. Besides these, and growing in close association with them, have been found a remarkable series of variant forms-some fairly referable to one of these 3 species, others more uncert- ain in their relationship. It may be said at once that D. heterophylla prob- ably does not occur here. There are left the two sup- posedly local forms of Gray's Manual, D. incisifolia and D. anomala, the latter admittedly a possible hybrid. Some of the peculiar forms of the Oayuga flora could prob- ably very well be referred to the first of these types, and perhaps some to the second. The range of variation is such, however, that the attempt to refer all of the specimens to the 5 species-types then available would seem to necessitate the drawing of arbitrary lines be- tween the species, or else the making of the classifi- cation according to the preponderance of characters. Either process would be sufficiently formal and mechan- 45 ical to be unsatisfactory, when one considers that the varied combinations of the characters of the generally recognized species here presented strongly suggest inter- crossing and the possible presence of “unfixt" (heter- ozzgous) forms. Plainly nothing but pedigree cultures can solve the problem, and these, under satisfactorily controllefl conditions, would no doubt be extremely difficult, be- cause of the perennial nature and slow growth of the plants, their peculiar habitat-requirements, and the rarity of seed-production. Gray's Manual says of D. diphylla “pods rarely maturing", but seed-production seems to be only occasional with the other two species- types. Seed of D. laciniata and D. maxima has been found, but apparently the capsules dehisce while the seeds are still green in color and unhardened, and special treatment, with avoidance of drying, may be nec- essary to secure germination under controlled conditions. It seems best, on the whole, to group the variant types, provisionally, around the 3 accepted species of this region, and to describe the characters of each in relation, primarily, to the type of the species appar- ently nearest, with reference also, where necessary, to the intermediate types of Gray's Manual. This procedure 46 does not imply the definite reference of all these forms to the 3 species, but it is based upon the probability that hybridization, whether with 3 original types or a slightly larger number, has been a main factor in the situation. Under "Distribution" the observed distribut- ion of the typical form will be given, while the aberrant types will be considered under "Variation"; "Habitat" will be considered separately at the outset. To find specimens placed in the Local Herbarium, consult the "General Key-List" immediately following the discussion of the writer's Dentaria specimens ( uv. 63a). Sav oley the oginek discipline netre(on ancoll a Habitat. Dentaria diphylla: "In rich woods and meadows" (B. M.); “Rith woods and thickets" (G. M.); "Ravines and rich woods" (C. F., Pl. Mon. Co.). D- laciniata: "rn moist or rich woods" (B. M.); "Rich damp woods" (G. M.); "Ravines, rich woods" (C. F., Pl. of Mon. Co.). D. maxima: "By streams in rich woods" (G. M.). The typical habitat of Dentaria has been discust in comparison with that of Cardamine bulbosa; to that digciaatony taken together with the statements of author- ities just quoted,there is little to add. D. diphylia evidently has the widest range of adaptation, and appar- 47 ently is seldom absent in any considerable apparently favorable area in the vicinity of Ithaca. It occurs fre- quently, tho often not in great luxuriance, on steep wood- ed hillsides where the soil is rather moist, D. laciniata seems less common, and more closely restricted to low ground; a decided exception to the rule seems to be af- forded by the occurrence of a few plants on moderately wooded land on the steep slope toward Cayuga fie. south of Esty's Glen - this being, in fact, the only place where the species was found fruiting at all freely. At Beech- woods D. laciniata grows in remarkable abundance and vig- oe, but apparently rarely produces seed, and the other species are also found there. Shurger's Glen, the other locality where Dentaria was found in great abundance, seems to have less abundantly the rich alluvial super- ficial soil of Beechwoods, but the ravine is deep, and cool, moist, and largely densely shaded. D. iiaxima seems to be preeminently the species of dense shade, and perhaps also of moist, rich soil; the statement of Gray's Manual expresses well the ideal conditions. 28. Dentaria diphylla Michx. Scientific name: 48 Dentaria diphylla Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1803. -. Cardamine diphylla Wood, Bot. & Fl. 37. 1870. Common names: Two-leaved toothwort. Two-leaved pepper-root. , Distribution: Native. Southezstern Canada, and south to S. C. and Ky. Pl. Mon. Co.: “Common.” Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rather rare". C. F.: "Frequent. Cascadilla Cr. and all ravines, often in springy soil. Negunde, Freeville, and Round Marsh woods. (Added) Six Mile Cr. and Beechwoods". Loc. Herb. (from Cayuga flora): Negund@ Woods, Six Mile Cr., and Fall Cr. See "Habitat" for Dentaria. Specimens classed as typical collected in the fol- lowing localities (see also under “Diagnosis and Variatinn" below) - Station 1. Taughannock ravine, woods (north side, and also south side, lower part). station 2. Six Mile Cr. ( Beechwoods (various places) and opposite upper end of Beechwoods). " 3. Six Mile Cr., west side of Middle Reservoir (rather common; specimens not preserved). 49 Station 4. Shurger's Glen, slopes and flats (abundant). " 5. Forest Home, south of creek; in thicket and on and near slope. " 6. Salmon Cr. flats, above Myers. " 7. Fall Cr. ravine, both slopes. p 8. W. Br- of Inlet Cr., below Newfield Falls. 2 9. Negund@ Woods. " 10. Below Tarbel Sta., by road near mill, at head of deep ravine. m 11. North Lansing Cr., near lower end of deep ravine. "12. Ludlowville flats, near lower bridge. * 18. Cornell Hts., bank of brook below Prof. Needham's. “14. East of McLean, low ground, near peat-bogs. Sasa Bobewrucn Senkes | ; Diagnosis: See emphasized characters in G. M. A character- istic difference of D. magima from diphylla is its deep- ly lobed or almost parted side leaflets; typical diphylla seldom shows, at most, more than a slight trace of this lobing. D. diphylla has rootstocks usually strongly pungent and aromatic, but rather agreeably so; typical . D. laciniata commonly has strong pungency and strong and rather disagreeable aroma; typical D. mazima has been 49 found very mild in flavor (little pungent, aroma moder- ate), and some of the intermediate forms agree with it in this respect. The rootstocks are often so shallow as to become green. Variation: Only a few of the variant forms were groupt with D. diphylla, and some of these correspond closely to the type in nearly all characters. Following is a list of specimens (numbers with D. prefixt are specimen-numbers ). Number Locality Description Oe D. 41 Taughannock, Very small; like D. diphylla near falls (top only collected), except leaves distant almost 4 cm. D. 47 Do.; N-, woods Leaves 2, but leaflets rather narrow and deeply serrate, aide ones moderately 2 - lobed; rhizome not collected. D. &1 Same loc. Rhizome and leaf-form apparently typical; leaves 3, very distant (about 10 and 7 1, ifm ’ D. 67. Opposite Beech- Patch; like diphylla, vigorous, eocde, at foot few radical Teaves, but flowers of slope large and slightly purplish; rhizome very large. D. 79. Shurger's Glen About typical, but flowers slightly purplish. The "typical" specimens sometimes have the leaves distant about 2 - 3 om. (e. ge, D- 103); leaves about opposite may occur in the same patch, however (compare D. 62 b “a. Neveu Strive ye. 50 with D. 62a) 24. Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Scientific name: Dentaria laciniata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 8: 479. 1800. Cardamine lacimiata Wood, Bot. and Fl. 38. 1870. Common names: Cut-leaved toothwort. Cut-leaved pepper-root. Distribution: Native. “Que. and Vt. to Minn., and southward". ' (G. Me); to Fla. and La. (B. M.). Var. gntegra (Shulz) Fernald: N. Y- to Ill. (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Co.: "Common". Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. C. F.:“Common and variable. The typical form, with leaves whorled and leaflets freely and sharply tootht, . occurs in Negunde Woods, Six Mile Cr., Fall Cr., Frank- lin's ravine, Taughannock, etc. The form with alternate more or less long-petioled leaves is with the other, and especially abundant at Negunde Woods. A form-tall, 25 - 35 chis, with 2 leaves, each with 3 broad rather simple leaflets, and purplish flowers, but usually with the 51 rootstocks of D. laciniata, is placed here by Dr- Gray. This is the best disposition to be made of the numerous forms of this abundant species, so far as its local spect- meng are concerned." Loc. Herb.: Fall Cr. and Negunde Woods (both typical); Six Mile Or. (leaflets very narrow; e 3 about whorled, 4th about 6 cm. above); same location ("the 2-leaved form of the Cayuga Flora"); Buttermilk Swamp (leaves alternate; called intermediate between D. laciniata and D. heterephylla, tho the latter is said by B. M. to have "stem-leaves generally 2, opposite or near- ly so", while G. M. says “caulive leaves 2 - 8, variously disposed"); also Lockport (typical). The forms collected by the writer that seem near- est to the "2 - leaved form" above will be discust, most- ly at least, in connection with D. maxima, to which those ‘most abundantly found seem most closely related. In ac- cordance with the plan outlined above, the stations for "typical" specimens will be given here. Sta. 1. Six Mile Cr., Beechwoods (very abundant ). " 9. faughannock ravine (rather abundant). * 3. Shurger's Glen (rather abundant). " 4, Salmon Cr., flats above Myers (few). " 65. Fall Or. ravine, north of Campus. " 6. Wear West Br- of Inlet Cr., below and near 52 Newfield Falls. Sta. 7. Negundo Woods. ' 8. North Lansing Or., near lower end of deep ravine. "9. Slope toward Lake, south of Esty's Glen. Diagnosis: See under "Variation"; also, under "Diagnosis" for D. diphylla. Tubers rarely shallow, often difficult to dig up because of depth. Radical leaves rather uncom- mon. Variation. Before the widely aberrant forms are considered, the variation of the forms more or less truly "typical" must be considered; and it is astounding. A really adequate description of the multitudinous leaf-forms observed is impracticable here, and in fact a really good idea of it can hardly be conveyed readily to one who does not examine the plants themselves. Aside from gen- eral size-differences that are presumably in part genetic, the plants differ in position of leaves, length of pet- itoles, width of leaflets, and length of leaflets, and in depth, frequency, and form of serration and incision of leaflets. The forms resulting are simply multitudin- ‘pias Cre. Herbavinrr Servic J. The leaves are usually rather closely whorled, but 53 alternate-leaved forms have been found, especially at Paughannock (see D. 39 and 42). For other variations, a series from Beechwoods (D- 15 - 36, except 16)" wit be described, and noteé added for some of the rest of the numerous specimens. D. 30, 31, 36: Large, leaflets rather broad; 30 & 31 specially closely serrate. Petioles long ( 4 1/2 - 5 1/2 om.) with D. 30, medium or longer ( 2 1/2 - 3 1/2 cm.) with the others. D. 25, 34: Similar, except that serrations and incisions are few. Petioles medium (ab. 2 1/2 em.) with D. 25, long (ab. 4 cm.) with, other. D. 22, 27, 32: Rather smaller, leaflets much in- cised, petioles all short (ab. 1 - 1 1/2 cm.) D. 15, 33, 35: Size medium; leaflets of medium width or above; petioles medium (ab. 1 3/4 & 2-2 3/40m. ). D. 18, 21, 23, 28: Mostly smaller; leaflets narrow with D. 21, all 3 deeply cleft and segments very narrow with the rest. Petioles short (D. 18 & 21) or medium (D. 23 & 28). D. 17, 30, 24, 26: Size medium to small; D. 24 & 26 closely incised, D. 17 with rather narrow leaflets, distantly incised; petioles about medium (1 1/2 + to 3 cm.). D. 13 (Beechwoods): leaflets deeply cleft and in- 54 cised, segments very harrow. D. 11 (Beechwoods): central leaflets deeply lobe- cleft; segments very few-serrate or-incised and even en- tire. D. 54, 56 (Taughannock): leaflets broad, much in- cised. faughannock furnishes various leaf-forms with leav- es whorled or sometimes alternate. Specially remarkable is a patch largely two-leaved, but not of the "two-leaved form" of C. F. There were several types, mixt, in the patch; the assignment of a single wamber is somewhat in- consistent, and perhaps each specimen should have receiv- ed a separate number. The situation is strongly sugges- tive of hybridization, and specimens D. 46 a - c, e, and g are relegated to the aberrant forms discust below. 46 a, f, and h are typical laciniata as to leaves and tubers, with very narrow leaflets; 46 1 is also, with much broader leaflets. D. 77 (Shurger's Glen): leaflets rather short and broad, closely incised. D. 85 (Shurger's Glen): leaflets serrate , little incised. With the foregoing notes we will leave the "typical" forms for those that doubtfully D. laciniata, or at least widely aberrant. 55 Most of these forms (but see the simi- lar discussion for D. maxima) can be discust in a very few groups. D. 1, 12, 16, 19, 29, 46c, 55, 58, 70: leaves too short, broad, little incised, etc., for typical D. laciniata, with differences in detail, and with rhizomes (where known) usually nearly of laciniata type, or some- what like those of maxima. Wrtawiwn. Serics b. Number Locality 1 Beechwoods 2 po. a. 710 12 Do. 16 Do. 19 & 29 Do. 55 - faughannock 58 Do. Description Small; leaves about of maxima form; rhizome nearly typical Iaciniata in form, apparently medium deep, mild in flavor. Leaves moderately alternate, a little nearer to diphylla type; root-etock much constricted; évidently-“medium deep, mild in flavor (in 70 about like D. laciniata; in 2, more like maxima). Leaves alternate; leaflets more like typical D. laciniata; rhizome evident- ly of laciniata type, very deep. Top only. Leaflets broad, sometimes lobed, slightly incised. Top only. Leaves nearly whorled (in- sertion-range of less than 2 cm-, as also with D. 16); like narrow-leaved maxima. Top only. Leaves whorled; leaflets broad, sometimes lobed, somewhat incisdd. Top only. Leaves nearly whorled; leaf- lets somewhat like diphylla, but too narrow, and closely incised. 56 D. 2 & 70 (same patch) are perhaps nearer to D. maxima than to laciniata. D. 46 group (see also under typical forms), - All from one patch at Taughannock, with typical laciniata. Number Description 46c Leaves 8, whorled; leaflets wide for laciniata, sometimes lobed, finely incised-senate. ma Leaves 2, opposite or nearly so; leaflets broad for laciniata, closely and deeply incised. 46 e Similar; leaflets less deeply incised. &¢g The rhizomes of D. 46 specimens seem typical for laciniata, and all forms seem fairly well referable to the species, aside from the 2-leaved feature. D. 43 and &3 (Taughannock) - Leaves 3, marktly alternate (range of insertion 7 1/2 and 4 1/2 sane respectively); leaflets sometimes 2 - lobed, incised and serrate with D. 43, very coarsely incised with D. 53, about as broad as with diphylla; rhizome (D. 53 only) with sections short-fusiform but moderately strongly connected and somewhat rough. A very remarkable forn. fe RO PES eee U-G+T. D. 82 (Shurger's Glen): somewhat like some forms 57 ko be described under maxima, but especially laciniate. Rhizome about typical for laciniata except shallow; leaves 2, about opposite; leaflets rather broad to very broad, like deeply laciniate maxima. Similar to D. incisifolia of G. M., apparently. %. 98 (same loc.): somewhat similar, but still more extremely incised and cleft; leaflets incised and cleft, divergent segments often themselves serrate or incised; rhizomes typical in form for laciniata. “4, 121 (Fall Cr. ravine, north, opposite Sibley College): small; leaves 2, opposite; leaflets deeply few- cleft and sometimes distantly serrate. Rhizome about of maxima type, rather shallow in very wet soil. ~, 108, 109 (Forest Home, south of Fall Cr.): rhizomes typical; leaves 2, in D. 108 rather broad and therefore resembling those of D. 82 just described. 25. Dentaria maxima Nutt. Scientific name: Dentaria maxima Nutt. Gen. 2: 66. 1818. Cardamine maxima Wood, Bot. & Fl. 38. 1870. Common names: Large toothwort. Large pepper-root. Rin Gk, Wes Ses; 58 Distribution (see "Habitat" for Dentaria, and for Cardamine bulbosa : Native. "Local; somthern Me. to Mich. and Pa." (G. Ms)op"Vt. to N. Y. and Pa." (B. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: not reported. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rare"; one station. C. F.: "Bettoms of ravines; scarce. Six Mile Cr., Beechwoods, where specimens have been ob- tained like those in Paine's Gat., viz.: with a second- ary branch arising from the axil of the third and upper leaf. Ravine on the Renwick farm slope, and doubtful forms from Taughannock below the falls." Loc. Herb.: Six Mile Or. (one specimen, typical). Specimens classed as typical or substantially so have been collected as follows.- Sta. 1. Near Six Mile Cr., Beechwoods (2 patches at foot of low cliffs on east side, and one or two other patches not far away) " 2. Near Six Mile Cr., west side, opposite Beech- woods. " 3. Shurger's Glen, at various points;at least; along little brook near head of ravine, south side; north side, barely in sight of falls; south side, mid-ravine-especially here, one patch very large. 59 Sta. 4. Fall Cr., ravine, north slope opposite Sibley College buildings. "5. West Br. of Inlet Cr., just below Newfield Falls. 8 6. North Lansing Cr., near lower end, of deep ravine. " 7. Ludlowville flats, near lower bridge. Which seems to justify the assertion that D. maxima is hardly to be called "scarce" in the Cayuga flora at present; and see under "Variation" below. Henk. Sevrs a2. Diagnosis and variation: Like D. laciniata, a "variable species", tho the range of variation ascribed will depend largely on what is done with such forms as are described below. The typical form is very distinct from D. diphylla and laciniata (See G. M.), but various intermediate forms occur, some of them similar to D. incisifolia and anomala; as has been intimated, it seems doubtful whether these forms can be satisfactorily disposed of without study in pedigree cultures. The writer has been some- what tempted to consider D. maxima itself as of hybrid origin, but this is very doubtful speculation at best; it is a fact, however, that D. maxima has probably not been found by the writer in any locality, except at 60 Ludlowville, where both diphylla and laciniata were not found growing within a few meters of the same spot. If only the"typical" specimens are considered, there is considerable variation in several respects, tho much less with the leaves than in the case of laciniata. fhe rhizomes, in forms with typical leaves, may be only slightly constricted (e. g., D. 8, Beechwoods), or moder- ately constricted (D. 5, Beechwoods), or approaching the type of laciniata (D. 61, opposite Beechwoods); the lat- ter extreme is the form figured by B. & B. The specimens collected would evidently make a pretty complete series from the type of D. 8 60 or nearly to that of laciniata, and one of the doubtful forms described below shows typi- cal diphylla rhizomes. Further, while some specimens are extremely mild in flavor, some are moderately pung- ent. As to the leaves, forms described under diphylla and laciniata for Taughannock possibly represent some of the"doubtful forms" referred to under maxima in C. F. Among the typical specimens, while there is considerable variation, no doubt this is very largely due, as with diphylla, to non-genetic "fluctuation", the extremely definite and varied leaf-forms of laciniata being absent 61 in both cases. 2-leaved and 3-leaved stems may occur on the same rhizome; at Beechwoods, however, it was not- iceable that one patch, represented by D. 5, had leaves usually 2, while one or more of the other patches, as that of D. 3, had usually 3. Forms perhaps exclusively 2-leaved, the otherwise typical, were found at Shurger's Glen. ‘two of the leaves are commonly about opposite (but see below). The purplish color of the flowers is also variable, and may be extremely slight. The remaining group of aberrant forms comes from Shurger's Glen, and these will be considered first. This deep, moist ravine, when visited by the writer (May 18, 1912) was a very flower-garden of Dentaria. Typical forms of the 3 species were frequent, but the great bulk of the plants - numerous patches, often very thick - may be described as strictly 2-leaved D. maxima, with leaf-form in various degrees resembling laciniata (one specimen really belonging to this group has been described under laciniata). These forms seem to corre- spond largely with D. incisifolia Eames, but the leaf- lets are broader; on the other hand, they differ from De. anomala Eames, decidedly in that the rhizomes are decidedly shallow. The specimens may be characterized as follows, being groupt according to the rhizome-char- 4. Ue trAlaws Senta Ss: acters (leaves 2, about opposite, and flowers purplish, where nothing is said to the contrary). |,Rhizome shallow, Slender, apparently strictly of diphylla type:- D. 893: leaves perhaps nearer maxima than laciniata, strongly lobe-cleft; flowers purplish. 9.Rhizome large, rather slightly and distantly con- stricted: - D. 72: leaves considerably incised. D. 100: similar; flowers unopened. 3.Rhizome about typical for maxima:- D. 81: nearly a typical 2-leaved maxima. D. 88: leaves much and finely incised. D. 94: similar to last. D. 95: similar; incising coarser. D. 99: about like last. D. 104: much like D. 88. D. 106: much like D. 99. ‘¥.Ahizome much constricted, about tuberous in D. 73 and 87:- D. 73, 74, 92: leaflets usually lobe-cleft, and much incised. D. 87: leaflets rather incised-serrate. {.The general aspect of these forms, in their dense patches, is decidedly different from that usual with typical 63 D. maxima. The remaining forms groupt as aberrant will now be considered, First come two forms from Forest Home, south of creek, near steep slope (in edge of grassy flat):- D. 110, 111: rhizome of maxima type; leaves very far apart, but usually only two! Leaflets rather sharp- ly and closely incised-serrate for maxima; flowers purp- lish. D. 113: near last, and very similar, except that 3 is the prevailing number of cauline leaves. D. 118 (Salmon Cr. flats, above Myers): like 3-leaved maxima with small alternate leaves, but form of leaflets intermediate between maxima and diphylla, apparently closer to diphylla; side leaflets sometimes shallowly shoulder-lobed, serration rather sharp for diphylla; flowers large, purplish. D. 120 (Fall Cr. ravine, north slope opposite Sibley): rhizome very deep in sandy soil, about tuber- ous in form but rough (as often with maxima) ;beaves . 2, nearly opposite, leaflets deeply lobed-laciniate (divisions commonly rounded). D. 146 (North Lansing Cr. flats - lower ravine, a. Se, aefeciall,, Webs cress Seis oe etn kb with & Oe & bs [ooh Fe eae ge we TOP PRUAKHKLHHROEHEHYEHELS HEHKY is by bs x fo ts bo ty bo Terbon| Nacho) Pevds| Nerdbec| Rurwabe| Tete | Numbev | Neetes | Netio D. D.Y4l lo. 4-1] |D.Fl | 3 S-¥[D 121 'S.7-6 X Ripon 2. D.4I |B. 3-151 D.Qs | 3-5-1 D122 S.2-7 Jah ee Fi. Dy |S-4¥-6|B.e3 | 7 D. 123. » ances Be aga BAPE ESE |e amine. asa [eee Yo fS-3=/5] B.ed |S.3-18} Das. 3.1- ie D. & e 2-4 EAE Eee 86 A./26, 77 ES D7 2 Dip es wD.87 | —— |B.1a7[S-2-&| —~y 5 PD. S S$. 2-2] D-4E Se |S. a5) DLE oo | eee DB.F D.49 | —— |B.89 |s.- 1D-129 |S. 1-10 fetch D. Deo) | S96 |) D130) —— | DoF D>. e| Dry 7S 4-2] B.4) | S.3-ry| Dl /S.f- 1 D: | Ds2 | — | D.Gs [S.5-9|D-132 862-9 | DAF D. q| DSI 7S-4-'7) D.92 | D,133,S.2-1@ ||D. 70 D>. 9|D. SY |3.3-10) DB.G¥ | —— ils} 3-38-21) oom D. bl Rodd (S6=-S1 BGS | oO |e fer D. Q.5b 8. 3-10] B96 | —— [B.136. ~~~.) ry D.- -6b DVT S.4-12 D.97 |S.2-HD.137 | heteh : —5| DSH S.6- S| D.7VH |S.7- S| D-13e ~3| DSF, D.99 |S. 6-6|D.13F | S.3-22 —&| DLO S.3-7| D190 &.5-3|D.140 |S. 1-12 5|D-6] jS-2-3| D109! | D.1Y | pS. 1-13 21D. 62 |S I 1) D102) ~~ Sy... S|D.63 [S$-2-2/D103 | —— j.143 (S. 1-14 GiD-64% |S.1-2 D. 104 | S.5-7 H.144 .$.3-23 a|D.65 | oO [Delos |) BNYSS.a-l G 2 eb a rst—3 D106 | —— |B.146°58. 4-4 3 D.67t43.1—4 D. 107 |S. 3-20 D147, 1k 51 D.68 D.1O¥ |S. 7-3 | DANY SUL 8.2-13 31 B69 | ——— [P1097 |S. 7-4 [DTG | | 1 [B16 |S. 6- 4] Dslo |S. 4-7 |Duso | S.a-1#y. 11D.71) TT [Dh | TT PD S. 2-PF' 31D.72| 8. 6-2]D. 11. | —T | aBWaAlS. 1~ 15} Y|B.7 2 |S. S-1o] D. 113 |S. 4- BF] DIS) ~ ae 21D. 7k S O- FL DUY |S. 1-6) D.S4 | yl D.1~F S$.2-¥|D.1NS | ——_— [DBS 32-6 51 D.76.S. 1-7 | DIG | Ta |D.'se | ~~ S| D.17 SS 3-16 D1] ) —— (ey, HL Dye. TT DUB TS 4- S| D159 |S. 3-24 IS1B.19 = OL BD HG |S I & 1] DF 0 | $.3-19| D.120|S.5-/1 | 64 west, dense woods; near other forms): very much like D. 118 - apparently almost identical. D. 147 (near D. 146): about like D. 146, leaflets perhaps slightly more incised. D. 118, 146, and 147 are (as to tops) much like D. 51, but the leaves differ somewhat from diphylla; D. 110, 111 and 113, again, differ more from D. 118, etc,, in the same direction, having nearly the leaf-form of 4 maxima. 9. DRABA (Dill.) L. 26. Draba arabisans Mi¢hx. Scientific name: Draba arabisans Flor. Bor. Am. 2: 28. 1803. Draba incana arabisans S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 260. 1888. Accepted as, "good species" by G. Me, tho not by B. Me Common Name: Hoary or twisted whithow-grass (B. M. for Draba stylaris). 65 Distribution and habitat: Southeastern Canada, N. E., N. Ye, and along Great Lakes. "Rocky (usually calcareous) banks" (G. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: not reported. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Very rare"; one station. C. F.: "Margins of cliffs; rare - a northern species. Burdick's Glen, along the brpok just above the falls, 1871. First small ravine below McKinney's Glens, 1881." Listed as one of 13 species "which have their southern terminus here". Loc. Herb.: Burdick's Glen. Not found by the writer - but evidently fisttion of the localities mentioned above has not been visited. 27. Draba vepnaL. Scientific name: Draba vernaL. Sp- Pl. 642. 1753. Erophila vulgaris D. C. Syst. Veg. 2: 356. 1821. Common name?‘ Whitlow-grass. Vernal whitlow-grass. Distribution and habitat: aa Naturalized from Europe. “East Mass. to Minn. 66 and southward". "fields, common (except in extreme north" (B. M.); “sandy waste places and roadsides" (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Co., Sup.: "Occasional in waste sandy places about Rochester". Pl. Buf. Vic.: 2 stations, "hardly yet establisht". C. F.: "Shaded clayey soil; scarce. Introduced in Cemetery, Ithaca (1878). Wild, south bank of Big Gulley, 1882". Loc. Herb.: Ithaca (Cemetery); road to Enfield. Not found by the writer. 10. ERYSIMUM (Tourn.) L. 28. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Scientific name: Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. Pl. 661. 1763. Common names: Worm-seed mustard. Treacle mustard. Distribution and habitat: Native; also in southern Europe. Southern Canada, northern U. S. “Along streams and in fields" (B. M.)3 "panks of streams or in open sterile soil" (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Go.: “Infrequent; most abundant in dry 67 sandy land"; 6 stations. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rather rare". C. F.: "Dry soil and thickets; not common. Near the armory. Near the "Nook". East and west shores of the Lake". Loc. Herb.: Ithaca; near Coy Glen; (and Ridge Road). Found by the writer only in vegetable garden of C. U. College of Agr., east of Observatory (1912). One specimen, evidently of this or the following species, was brought in by another collector during August, 1912 - from near the "Short Line", several miles north of Ithaca. 29. Erysimum parviflorum Nutt. Scientific name: Erysimum parviflorum Nutt.; F. & G. Fl. N. A. 1: 95. 1838. Not. Pers. E. aspersum var. inconspicuum S. Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 24. 1871. E. inconspicuum NacN. Met. Minn. 268. 1892. E. syrticolum Sheldon (Date ?) B. Me classes E. syrticolum as a distinct species. Common name: Small erysimum. Distribution and habitat: 68 Native. Southern and western Canada, North Cent- ral States, etc. "In dry soil" (B. M.) Not reported by any of the 3 catalogs for central and western N. Y. The inclusion of the species here rests on its discovery at McLean ("border of Round Marsh- es") by Whetzel and Jackson, in 1903. There are 3 speci- mens, and the short, stout pedicels are very distinct from the much longer and slenderer ones of the specimens classed as E. cheiranthoides, tho the plants seem very similar in other respects. Not found by the writer. Diagnosis: See under last heading. 11. HESPERIS (Tourn.) L. 30. Hesperis matronalis L. Scientific name: Hesperis matronalis L. Sp. Pl. 663. 1753. Common names: Datme's violet. Daime's rocket. 69 Distribution and habitat: Europe and Asia; introduced from Europe. "Me.to Pa. and Ia." (B. M.). “Sometimes cultivated, and spread- ing to roadsides, etc." (G. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: “rare";. one station. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Spontaneous in gardens, and naturalized in some places". C. F+: "Scarce, probably not establisht. Hoad toward Buttermilk Falls, collected in 1875 and 1882. Near Giles Place". Loc. Herb.: not represented. Found and collected by the writer in two places only, as follows- 1. Cornell Heights (hedge along street, abundant; probably originally planted either along hedge or near by). 2. Renwick (roadside hedge or edge of thicket, near hotel east of park). Reported, also,(1912) from Esty's Glen, but the writer sedcht the locality for further specimens without suc- cess. Diagnosis and variation: Flower-color varying from nearly white to purple ("pink, purple, or white" - B. & B.). The specimens from Cornell Heights are rather narrow-leaved; that from 70 Renwick, with apparently "typical" leaves, has very long capsules (perhaps 10 - 12 om); the determination is pre- sumably correct, however, in both cases. 12. LEPIDIUM (Tourn . ) Le 31. Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Scientific name: fhlaspi campestre L. Sp. Pl. 646. 1753. Lepidium campestre R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4: 88. 1812. Common names: Field cress. Cow-cress. Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe. Southeastern Canada; northeastern and North Central States. "A bad weed in the Middle States" (B. M.); "becoming common" (G. M.). Fields, roadsides, waste places. Pl. Mon. Co.. "Not common. First observed in the vicinity of Rochester in 1862, on Charlotte R. R. track, Greece, a single plant." Pl. Buf. Vic.: not listed. 71 C. F.: "Fields and yards. First noticed in Ithaca, 1873. Near the 'Nook'; South Hill; much more abundant near Union Springs and Aurora." Loc. Herb.: Fall Cr., near the "Nook"; Huestis St., Ithaca. Common now, at least in the vicinity of Ithaca; locally abundant and evidently a pernicious weed. Appar- ently destined to ie one of the commonest weeds thruout ernaps this region, but,not (like Sisymbrium altissimum) spread- ing with great rapidity. Abundant (1912) in yards on Bryant Tract, near new barns of College of Agr., in fields south of Shurger's Glen, and along Short Line at Bsty's. Collected as follows - 1. Field south of Shurger's Glen (evidently). 2. Between S. Lansing and Ludlowville (roadside). 3. Esty's, along car-tracks. 4. Experimental tract west of barns of College of Agr. (several square rods with almost solid stand in early June). 5. Between College of Agr. and old North Barn. 6. Near new barns, College of Agr. 7. Cornell Campus, Students' Commons. 72 Diagnosis: Very easily recognized by the scale-like pods and the numerous, downy, clasping, nearly entire stem-leaves. Variation: . Varies enormously in size and branching with habi- tat. The form of the stem-leaves varies much on the same plant. Sheet 2, however, seems to give fairly good evidence for genotypic differences; one specimen, slight- ly later than the other two but nearly as tall with flow- ering barely begun, is much larger-lcaved than the other two; possibly, but not probably, the difference is one of vigor depending on environment - the plants were grow- ing within a very small area, and, as noted, did not differ greatly in height. 32. Lepidium ruderale L. Scientific name: Lepidium ruderale L. Sp. Pl. 645. 1753. Common names: Roadside pepper-grass. Narrow-leaved pepper-grass. 73 Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe. "In waste places, on ballast and along roadsides, N. S. to Tex." (B. Me). "Roadsides and waste places, chiefly near Atlantic ports". (G. Me). . Pl. of Mon. Co.:"Rare. Rochester". Pl. Buf. Vic.: not listed. C. F.: "With the preceding (L. virginicum) and equally common. South Hill" (added). Loc. Herb.: Ithaca, Fiske-McGraw place; (and Oswego - “roadsides, common"). See below under "Diagnosis". Evidently rather common, at and near Ithaca at least, along roadsides, etc. Plants determined as L. ruderale have been collected as follows - 1, 3 - 5, 8, 9. Ithaca, Garden Ave. 2. Ithaca, Lake St., at Fall Or. Mills. 6. Near College of Agr. 7. Alumi Field (baseball field). Other specimens (including some from McLean) may be L. ruderale, but were taken too young for satisfactory examination of the cotyledons of the forming seeds, or even before blooming. Diagnosis: fhe main effort with Lepidiun, aside from L. cam- 74 pestre, has been to determine what species are really present in the vicinity of Ithaéa. Pl- Mon. Co. reports L. ruderale as rare, but that L. apetalum Willd. (= inter- medium of G. M. ed. 6) is as common as L. virginicum (as C. F. does for L. ruderale); Pl. Buf. Vic. reports only apetalum, and that as "rare" (one station only). Further, the Loc. Herb. gives L. ruderale, and not apetalum, while the C. U. Gen. Herb. shows a Western distribution for apetalum and @n Eastern distribution for ruderale, and G. Me says, ‘Perhaps native in the West, recently intro- duced eastward". There seem to be absolutely no strictly diagnostic characters in the descriptions, as between the two spec~ ies, except that of odér+ This last character has not been sufficiently observed by the writer; some of the specimens in question, however, have not been. "nearly scentless," tho the writer would hardly call them "very fetid". In view of all the evidence, all the specimens in question (aside from those too young for differenti- ation from L. virginiewuw) have been classed provisionally as Le ruderale. Personally, the writer considers it prob- able, that, if these two species are really distinct, the L. apetalum of Pl. Mon. Co. is the same as the Le 75 ruderale of C. Pip and distinct from the true Western be apetalun. Fhe above discussion relates to the specimens de- termined not to be L. virginicum. There seem to be only two very evident and strictly safe diagnostic characters available for the decision between L. virginicum and the closely related species, the position of the cotyledons and the presence of petals - and L. apetalum may have minute petals, while L. medium freported from near New — York city, Be & B., not B. M.) has petals. All specimens with ac ent cotyledons have been classed as L. virgin- CSe@ below] icum), while the rest are either out of bloom or perhaps too mn advanced in flowering. No plant with petals has been found to have seeds with secumkjent cotyledons - and this applies also to specimens with petals collected elsewhere. Variation: There are considerable individual differences in leaf-form, and probably several types differing in the amount of division of the leaves, etc., could readily be isolated. of thie shew petal plaink, (ate £. vingintewnr, ) 76 33. Lepidium virginicum L. Scientific name: Lepidium Virginicum L. Sp. Pl. 645. 17653. Common name: Wild pepper-grass. Distribution and habitat: Native. Eastern and central parts of U. S., and southeastern Ganada. "A common weed of roadsides and waste places” (G. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: "Roadsides and waste grounds; common." Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. C. F.;"Dry waste grounds and roadsides; common". Loc. Herb.: one local specimen - from East Hill, Ithaca; (also Filton and Oxford, latter questioned by some one). Specimens (six only) determined as follows - 1. Ithaca, near College of Agr. 2, 3. Ithaca, Garden Ave. (At McGraime's). 4. Ithaca, State St. (west of Inlet bridge). 5. Ithaca, East Hill slope (‘short cut"). 6. Ithaca, Campus (near Morse Hall, by Fall Cr. ravine) See below. Diagnosis and variation. Nos. 1, 2, 3,and & have petals; No. 4 was collect- 77 ed late in the season, and perhaps has no petals in the few late flowers. No. 6 seems doubtful; it is a large plant, with basal and lower-stem leaves much divided and resembling typical leaves of L. ruderale.Petals appear to be absent. The cotyledons, altho the seeds are rather young, have been thoroly demonstrated to be accumbent; they have not, however, the broad lima-bean shape usual with L. virginicum, but are narrow, like the incumbent cotyledons of L. ruderale; whether this shape is due simply to the youth of the embryos is uncertain. fhe plant seems like L. ruderale, except for the position of the cotyledons; may it be a hybrid with that species, or a mutative variant of it? The association of petals with accumbent cotyledons seems to be very constant, in general, indicating definite genetic separation of these similar and closely intermingling species; tho the evi- dence obtained by the writer on this point is meager, that given above is strengthened by the examination of 6 specimens with petals taken at Owego, N. Y., and Dairyland, N. Y., all of which had accumbent cotyledons. 78 13. LUNARIA L. 34. Lumaria annua L. Scientific name: Lumaria annua L. Sp. Pl. 653. 1753. Lunaria biennis Muench., Meth. 126. 1794. Common names: Honesty. Common honesty- Distribution and habitat: "Introduced from Europe. Often cultivated, and escaping in southwest Conn. and eastern Pa." (G. M.). Pl. of Mon. Co.: not listed here or in Pl. Buf. Vic. C. F.: "Escaped; Dryden Road, by hedge south side of Giles Place. Fall Cr., near sand-bank above Forest Home". Loc. Herb.: Ithaca, first station of Ca Fe Not found by the writer. Evidently another oc- casional "escape" with little chance of becoming estab- lisht. 14. RADICULA (Dill.) Hill. 35. Radicula armoracia (L.) Robinson. 79 Scientific name: Cochlearia Abmoracia L. Sp. Pl. 648. 1753. Nasturtium Armoracia ise A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 31. 1856. Roripa Armoracia A. S. Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Manhattan, 18. 1894. Radicula Armoracia Robinson (Date?) Evidently Radicula antedates Nasturtium and Roripa. Common name: Horseradish. Distribution and habitat. Introduced from Europe. Escaped from cultivation into moist ground. Pl. Mon. Co.: “Wet places, ditches, waste places; common. Pl. Buf. Vic.; listed. C. F.:"Wet places and roadsides ditches. Thoroly at home in the wet. marshes at the Corner-of-the-Lake, where it blooms freely. &lso along the ditches south of the town, and the village streets". loc. Herb.: Negunds Flats (and Lewiston). Found by the writer to be abundant in the marshes at Ithaca, both north and south of the city, enue ste ious other places (usually along roadside ditches, etc.). Specimens collected as follows - 80 1. Marsh, south of Ithaca, near railroads. 2. Marsh, Renwick. 3. Roadside, between Ellis and Ithaca. 4Evidently this plant readily becomes establisht, and gradually spreads, in spite of its failure to produce seed, in wet, Pertile soil such as that of the marshes at Ithaca. 36. Radicula nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Britten and Rendle. Scientific name: ‘ Sisymbrium Nasturtium L. Sp. Pl. 657. 1753. Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 4: 110. 1812. Roripa Nasturtium Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club. 3: Part 3, 5. 1893. Radicula Nasturtium-aquaticum Britten and Rendle (Date ?). Another illustration of the long-confused nomen- clature of this genus. Why nasturtium-aquaticum, and not nasturtium, is the original species-name, does not appear from the data above, taken from B. & B. and {accepted name) Ge Me 5 frrmrnolty 2. wed a Ayenhel, den “agusles nw Sf. RL. 81 Common name: Water-cress. True water-cress. Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe. U. S. and southern Gan- ada. Brotks, streams, ditches; escaped from cultivation. Pl. Mon. Co.: "Cold streams, ditches, springy Places; abundant". Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rather rare"; 3 sta- tions. C. F.:"Spring-brooks, etc. Abundant in the dit- ches from the springs in Ithaca village. Indian Spring, etc." Loc. Herb.: 5 sheets, but only one from Cayuga flora - "Ithaca Flats". Found and collected by the writer as follows: 1. Forest Home, stagnant arm of Fall Cr. 2. Renwick,ditch, Diagnosis and variation: Gardamine pennsylvanica, which is very similar in many ways, is a much more slender plant, mostly erect, not truly aquatic, flowering several weeks earlier. Up- right shoots of R. nasturtium-aquaticum (Loc. Herb.) may look much like large specimens of the former species, but are likely to be much stouter, with larger leaflets. These upright shoots are strikingly different in aspect from some floating ones, which are long and rather slender, 82 with leaves rather distant; shading by other vegetation may be a main factor here, however, as the writer found nearly the type of the upright shoots in floating plants at Forest Home, while the slender Renwick specimens were from a tangle of wet-zground plants. 37. Radicula palustris (L.) Moench. Scientific name: Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre L. Sp. Pl. 657.. 17653. Nasturtium terrestre R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 4: 110. 1812. Nasturtium palustre D. C. Syst. 2. 191. 1821. Roripa palustris Bess. Enum. 27. 1821. Radicula palustris Muench. (Date?) Why palustris, and not terrestris, is the true species- name under the Vienna Code (See G. M.) is not clear to the writer, unless Muenchhausen applied it as a species- name before Robert Brown publisht terrestre for the species. Common names: Marsh water-cress. Yellow water-cress. 83 Marsh cress. Distribution and habitat: Eurasia; apparently naturalized from Europe. "In wet places, nearly thruout N. A. except in extreme north" (B. M.). "Common" (Gc. M.). Pl. Mon. Co.: “Muddy shores, ditches, wet places; common." Pl. Buf. Vic.: listed. C. F.: Wet places, borders of pools, etc. The typical form, nearly smooth and with oblong pods, is found in Cascadilla ravine, a few; and at the Marl Ponds of Cortland." Loc. Herb.: Gascadilla Cr. near Ellis Hollow - only typical specimen from the Cayuga flora; 2 sheets markt "Fall Cr. Low ground" and "Fall Cr. Marsh" have been corrected by the writer as var. hispida (as have 2 sheets from other regions). Found and collected by the writer as follows: 1. Roadside ditch, between Ellis and Ithaca. 2. Ellis Swamp, in shallow water. The species, and presumably the typical form here considered, was found at Renwick Beach, but no specimens are available. Diagnosis and variation: The variety hispida is in some cases, at least, very definitely distinct as to pubescence, but decided and constant difference in the shape of the capsules 84 seems less certain; the form of the capsules probably varies independently of the pubescence, and it may be a mere accident of distribution that the short form of cap- sule has come to be considered an essential distinguish- ing character of the hispida form. Two sheets of the Loc. Herb (markt "Type" and "Typical form"!) show decidedly short capsules, while other specimens have much longer ones; none of the hispida specimens have the specially long and sometimes slightly curved pods of some of the species-tgpe specimens. Again, the extent of the hispid- ity varies greatly among the specimens referred, by others than the writer, to var. hispida. These remarks, however, are based on a rather small amount of material (14 her- barium-sheets besides the writer's few specimens). 38. Radicula palustris yar. hispida (Desv.) Robinson Scientific name: Brachylobus hispidus Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 183. 1814. Nasturtium hispidum D. C. Syst. 2: 201. 1821. Nasturtium palustre var. hispidum A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 30. 1856. 85 Rorbpa hispida Britton Mem. Torr. Club. 5: 169. 1894. Roripa palustris hispida Rydberg, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3. 149. 1895. Radicula palustris var. hispida Robinson. (Date?) B. M. still maintains the specific rank of the form; the considerations mentioned under heading of the type-form of the species furnish good arguments, apparently, against this position. Common name: Hispid yellow-cress. Distribution and habitat: "With the type; the common form eastward" (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Co.: rare; 2 stations. Pl. Buf. Vic.: not listed. C. Fe: “Common on marshes about Ithaca, Cayuga Marshes, Summit Marsh, and about streams and pools elsewhere". Loc. Herb.: 9 of the 14 sheets of the spec- ies, as now classified; Fall Cr., Fall Cr. Marsh, Renwick Park, and Freeville. The writer has a fragment of a plant from Fall Cr. ravine, that is decidedly hispid and evidently belongs here. Diagnosis and variation: See under R. falustris (type). 86 39. Hadicula sylvestris (L.) Druce. Scientific name: Sisymbrium sylvestre L. Sp. Var. 657. 1753. Nasturtium sylvestre R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 4: 110. 1812. Roripa sylvestris Bess. Enum. 27. 1821. Radicula sylvestris Druce. (Date?) Common name: Creeping yellow water-cress. Yellow cress. Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe. Southeastern Canada, and to Va., I1ll-., and Mich. "Wet meadows ---; becoming more frequent". (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Co.: 5 stations mentioned. Do., Sup.:?: this species mentioned as among those which “noted as rare or scarce in the list of 1896, are now abundant in many localities", and says “Nasturtium sylvestre is plen- tiful along the flood plain of the Genesee river for many miles south of Rochester". Nob reported by Pl. Buf. Bic. or C. F. Found by the writer only in the little old garden area at the west side of the %ew Carnell baseball field, 87 north of the site of the old Forcing-houses. In this spot, in wet clay soil, the plant is extremely abundant, covering part of the area at the present time with dense messes of plants in fruit. Its combination of vigorous “rhizomes with abundant seed-production, and its success in this area, indicate that it most richly deserves to be called a "pernicious weed". fhe danger from it is evi- dently greatly reduced, however, and its general dissém- ination greatly delayed, by its markt adaptation to wet soil. % ® \ 15. RAPHANUS (Tourn.) L. 40. Raphanus sativus L. Scientific name: My Raphanus sativus L. Sp. Pl. 669. 1753. Common names: Radish. Genden radish. Distribution and habitat. Native of Asia, introduced from Europe. "Culti- vated, and occasionally spontaneous for a year or two in gardens and fields, rarely in waste places" (B. M.). 88 "Persistent about old fields, frequent" (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Co.: "Occasionally escapes to roadsides". Pl. Buf. Vic.: not pbisted. C. F.:“Occasional scape; not uncommon on the lake chore®; Loc. Herb.: not represented. Collected along roadside, near a garden, between Ithaca and Ellis- Also seen in bloom near the new barns of the College of Agr. It is obviously doubtful, in both cases, whether any persistence in the locality is indicat- ed, since the plants found may have come from discarded or accidentally dropt commercial seed. Apparently there is little tendency for the radish to become really es- tablisht in this region. 16. SISYMBRIUM (fourn.) L. 41. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Scientific name: Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sp. Pl. 659. 1753. S. Sinapistrum Crantz, Stirp. Aust. Ed. 2s 52. 1769. S. Pannonicum Jacq. Coll. 1: 70. 1786. 89 Common names: Tumble mustard. fall sisymbrium. Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe. Southern Canada and northern U. S. "Waste places, roadsides, etc., a recent immigrant, locally abundant as a pernicious weed". Pl. Mon. Co., Sup. (1910): "A few specimens of Sisymbrium altissimum were first found in Rochester about two years ago; now the plant is growing plentifully in many parts of the city and adjacent towns." Not re- ported in Pl. Buf. Vic. or C. F. Loc. Herb.: South Hill, near Reservoir (1906); Ithaca Flats (1910). A very recent arrival in the vicinity of Ithaca also, according to all available evidence; apparently rather infrequent in the vicinity of Ithaca in 1911, but abundant in various places in this locality in 1912. In 1911, collected by the writer as follows - Near new barns, College of Agr. (probably only two plants seen here). Roberts pasture, near C. U. Filter Plant (one plant). Also seen in 1911 (one plant in each place) on Turkey Hill and along road between Ithaca and Renwick. 90 In 1912, collected as follows - Ithaca, Lake St., near fall Creek. Renwick Park. Near Cascadilla Cr., just east of Sage Playground (abundant on a small area, with Gapsella bursa-pastoris). Evidently this species is sure to become one of the worst of all biennial weeds in this region, probably outranking Capsella bursa-pastoris decidedly in extent of habitat - adaptation, as it does in size of plant. Diagnosis and variation: Leaves long, densely hirsute, narrowly pinnately parted; upper leaf-segments,and capsules,extremely long and slender. Sheets 1 - 3 and 5 - 8 (all from third locality above) suggest the existence of slender early and stout large-leaved later types. 42. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Scientific name: Erysimum pinnatum Walt. Fl. Carn. 174. 1788. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Gen. 2: 68. 1818. pabGuraiaes pinnata Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 173. 1894. 91 Sophia pinnata Britton. Why the species should be Sisymbrium canescens, instead of Sisymbrium pinnata, is not clear from the evidence at hand; Britton, dividing the genus, gives Sophia pinnata. Conmon Name: : Tangy-mustard. Distribution and habitat: Native. "Pa. to Fla. and westward" (G. M.). "In dry soil" (G. M.). Pl. Mon. Co.: not listed. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Very rare"; probably one station. C. F.: Cliffs; very rare. ‘Lucifer Falls, Tompkins Co. J. W. Chickering* (Gray's Man.). I have not been able to find it there, but it grows above the foot-path at the entrance to Watkins Glen". Loc. Herb.: Watkins Glen. Not found by the writer. From Cc. F., it seems doubtful whether it exists at all any longer in the Cayuga region. 43. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. 44. Do., var. leiocarpum D. C. Scientific name: Erysimum officinale L. Sp. Pl. 660. 1753. 92 Sisymbrium officinale Scop. Fl. Cern. Bad. 2, 2: 26. 1772. Sisymbrium officinale yar. leiocarpum Ti. Cs (Date 7?) Only G. M. mentions the varietal name - cvidently as the result of discovery that the trye type of the species is pubescent, or at least that there is a distinc- tion sufficient to warrant the use of a varictal name for the glabrous form. See under "Diagnosis", below. The statements as to distribution below, from all authorit- ies except G. M., presumably refer almost entirely to the glabrous variety. Common name: Hedge mustard. Distribution and habitat: G. Me: type of species "“Adventive from Europe; waste ground, Me. and Ont., local; also Cal., etc."3 var. leiocarpum: "a common and unsightly weed. B. M.: "Natur- alized from Europe. In waste places, common thruout our area, except the extreme north". Pl. Mon. Co.: "Waste places and roadsides; very common". Pl. Buf. Vic.: species listed. C.F.:"Waste places; abundant". Loc. Herb.: Ithaca (3 sheets), and two localities outside the Cayuga region; 4 of the 5 (2 of the 3 from Ithaca) are in fruit, and 3 of the 4 93 have capsules practically glabrous, while the other Ithaca specimen has the capsules somewhat pubescent. Very common along roadsides, etc., at Ithaca, and in some other localities. Collected as follows - l. C. U. Campus, north, path along edge of Fall Or. ravine. 2. Roadside, between Ellis and Ithaca. 3. Coy Glen. 4. Near C. VU. Filter Plant, roadside. 5. Roberts pasture, near C. U. Filter Plant. 6. Same location. Specimen No. 6 was not in fruit; all the others appeared to have capsules glabrous or practically so, and therefore evidently represent S. officinale var. leiocarpum, and not the type-form of the species. Diagnosis and variation: Few-brancht, the slender capsules very closely apprest. The variation in pubescence is discust above. 17. THLASPI (Tourn.) L. 45. Thlaspi arvense L. Scientific name: Thlaspi arvense L. Sp. Pl. 646. 1753. 94 Common name: Field penny-cress. Mithridate mustard. Frenchweed. Distribution and habitat: Naturalized from Europe; northeastern and North Central States, and southern Canada. "Waste places; not common, except along our northern borders, where too abund- ant and called 'Frenchweed'". Pl. Mon. Co.: rare; one station. Pl. Buf. Vic.: "Rare"; one station. Loc. Herb.: not represented. Found only once by the writer (one or two plants), near new greenhouses of College of Agr., a little north of main headhouse. Diagnosis: Leaves similar to those of Lepidium campestre, ‘an being except, labrous; capsules similar to those of Lepidum in form, but very thin and much larger. ARP LIT LAD Bes LO DE CRUCIFERAE OF THE CAYUGA FLORA Howard Be Frost 19126¢ CRUCIFERAE oF THE CAYUGA FLORA ARTIFICIAL KEY (Not Using Fruit Characters.) Ae Perennial, with thick roots and very large leaves» G. 23, B. 1a.# ~Radicula (Roripa). acne te ee ee ‘spe nastur tiume aquaticum. ‘ . eter ce abot AAs Perennial, aquatic; stems spreading, rooting at the nodes. i att A an oe? eae een . fa SER Ga pen _ aanewenr eet “Doe, spe armoracia. ae ei ee AAA. Perennial by rhizomes, some species tuberouse Be Flowers yellow, leaves pinnately divided- Do-, sp.sylvestris BB. Flowers white or purplish, leaves not pinnate. C. Leaves entire o1 subentire, basal leaves orbicular or rhombic. G. 30, Be 19+ Cardamine. sppe bosa dG dougliassii. CC. Leaves palmately divided; cauline leaves 2-3, rarely moree Ge 29, B. 20. Dentaria. AAAA. Not rhizomatous; fibrous-rooted or tap-rooted, rarely perennial. eet ee os eo oo or ee On Oe es oe a OF te oe #the numbers given for the genera refer to Gray's New Manual of Botany (G.) and Britton's Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada (B.) Be Corolla purple, purplish, pink, or whites C. Corolla 1.0 = 265 cme broade De Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, denticulate- G 21, Be 38. Hesperis. DD. Leaves broadly ovate, coarsely dentate; earliest opposites Ge 27, B. 21. Lunaria. DDD. Leaves lyrate. Ge 14, Be 15. Raphanus. DDDD. Leaves pinnately divided G-30,B19. Cardamine. spe pratensis. CC. Corolla less than 1 cm broad (rarely absent) « De Stems scapose, scapes 25 = 8.0 cms tall. Ge. 1, B. 30. Drabaltrph sp: yerna. DD. Cauline leaves pinnate. G30, B.ly. Cardamine. DDD. Cauline leaves, or most of them, subentire or entiree E. Cauline leaves all or part clasping. F. Cauline leaves few, the upper ones clasping; leaves densely stellate-pubescent. Ge10, B.27. Cangelia( Bursa). FF. Cauline leaves usually numerouse G. Cauline leaves usually densely pubescent. H. Leaves usually hoary=-pubescent, hairs si Le, vo, Peed than? Ge7, B ode Lepidi UM e spe campestre. HH. Leaves usually rough=pubescent, green; some hairs conspicuously branched, Gal, B. 33. Arabis. spe hirsuta. GGe Cauline Leaves glabrous or nearly se. | He Pistia slender, flattened. G.31, B.33- Arabis. . ae i, DS ee, HH. ,Pisvil short, broad, flat. G6, B.6. Thiaspi- EE. Cauline leaves petioled or merely sessilee F. Cauline leaves mostly small, glabrous or nearly so; hairs, if any, simple- G.7, B.4. Lepidiun. BB. FF, Cauline leaves short, sparingly stellate-pubescent. G.1, B.30. Drabas spe arabisanse FFF. Cauline leaves larger, rough- pubescent, Solidago-like. G31, Be33. Arabis. Sp. canadensise FFIF. Cauline leaves spatulate to linear, mostiy glabrous; pasal leaves lyrate. Do+, spe Lyraiae Coroila yellow or yellowishe C. Corolia 1 cme broad or moree G15; B.12,13. Brassica. (Sinapis). CC. Corolla less than 1 cme broads De Corolla light or whitish yellow. E. Cauline leaves entire, oblanceolate or spatulate, densely stellate-pubes- cente Ged, Be35- Alyssume EE. Cauline leaves lanceolate, entire or nearly so, upper ones clasping; glabrous or nearly soe G.11, B28. Camelina.e EEE. Cauline leaves pinnatifid or finely dissected, densely pubescent. Ge19; Be9,31- Sigympriun. (Sophia). ~~ DD. Corolla yellow. E. Corolla 2-6 mm- proade F. Leaves lanceolate or linear- oblanceolate, entire or toothed. G22, Bedde Ey; imume FF. leaves pinnatifid. G@. Plant usually slender, in dry soil; coraila gmme broads G19, B.d. Sisymbrium. spe officinale. GG. Plant large, in marshes and near streams; corolla 4-6 mme broade G.23, Bel8. Radicula (Roripa) . spe palustris. EE. Corolla 6-10 mm- broade F. Basal and lower cauline leaves broad, often lyrate; stem teretee G15, B.13. Brassica. FF. Basal and lower cauline leaves smaller, interrupted-pinnate ; stem angled» Ge2d, B.16. Barbarea. 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