Hires Stata REET 104 4 4 SRS a ss ee i PM Hau r aE aM a H in ine URE ae ed 4 Pre Aan teat, rity Fi] a A Vata FTE: ft AEA Pon a BRC tear 1 HARRI Crista) fi neh PEE CM MD Wat tea bert Hiei Ca zit} Her ASO a if 4 serene ett PalHareetratistatisets ate eae De i "i TRA ah Pate distal igeeirprien are Hae Raa Ta Bi GOR LG EMA bude iy hela ethene ay i Ga tL LE Paromeann vig fh Cry PORE HLen FR Ly Bae it era ara CUT a ita Hien Ih PR lobed | Tite Hoa an Nt Hite i ree Hee sibd New York State College of Agriculture At Cornell University Ithaca, N. Y. Library Cornell University Library QK 495.A64M6 iii 3 1924 001 735 277 mann ON THE APOCYNACE & OF SOUTH AMERICA, WITH SOME PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON THE WHOLE FAMILY. WITH THIRTY-FIVE PLATES, TO ILLUSTRATE THE STRUCTURE OF THE GENERA. BY JOHN MIERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., DIGNIT. ET COMMEND, ORD. IMPER, BRAS, ROSA, ACAD. CHS. NAT. CUR. ET REG, SOC, BOT, RATISB, SOCIUS. WILLIAMS 'AND NORGATE: 14 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, AND 20 SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. 1878. FLAMMAN. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT V'LILET STREET. MEMOIR ON THE APOCYNACEA: ‘PRELIMINARY REMARKS. Durine my residence in Brazil, now many years ago, I had numerous opportunities for studying many points of structure peculiar to this family, and of examining many plants in detail, intending at a future time to describe several Brazilian species. This design, however, was superseded by the publication of Dr. Miiller’s admirable monograph in the ‘ Flora Brasiliensis,’ in 1860. But as many curious facts relative to the organs of fertilization, and others concerning the structure of the seeds, were observed by me, which do not appear to have come under the cognizance of that botanist, I have been induced, at this late period, to take up the subject again, and to embody my observations in this volume. The order, in the time of Jussieu, was little understood, when, in his ‘ Genera’ (1789), he comprised in it all Asclepiadaceous plants. The celebrated Robert Brown, in 1811, first separated them into two well-characterized distinct families *; this memoir furnished the materials for Endlicher’s enumeration of the genera (1838). But we cannot appre- ciate too highly the admirable monograph of this interesting family by Prof. A. De Candolle, in his ‘ Prodromus’ (1844). We must bear in mind that the task of elaborating the features of all the species in full detail was then too vast; and we must regard the enumeration of the host of heterogeneous species under the heads of Tabernemontana and Echites as an instalment of high value, as it furnished materials for work to be afterwards completed. Dr. Miiller followed this example, in describing under the same heads a mass of Brazilian species ; but he did little to enable us to distinguish one species from another. In order to promote this object, it appears to me necessary to classify and subdivide the whole of them into uniform groups, each marked by peculiar and easily recognized characters. In aid of this design the present memoir is offered; but it is limited in its range. * Mem. Wern. Soc. i. p. 12. 2 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. As a preliminary step. towards the proposed classification, the family may be divided into two principal sections, distinguished by the characters of the anthers. Thus we have:— lst, Haplantheree, where the anther-cells are simply adnate, without connective, or with a soft one scarcely longer than they. 2nd, Symphyantheree, where the cells, usually much shorter, are collaterally agglutinated upon the face of a large horny connective, generally bifid at its base, and furnished at the apex with a soft pointed appendage; these anthers conniving in a cone, their apical appendages bend inwards, closing together by their margins, so as to form a complete covering over the stigmata, at the same time that the ten anther-cells, thus brought into juxtaposition, become placed opposite to as many nectariferous glands belonging to the clavuncle, and thus become agglutinated to them: we shall have occasion to refer again to this singular disposition. The above plan evidently occurred to Prof. De Candolle in his arrangement of the family ; but he did not follow it as a means of classification. Dr. Miller only adopted it to a partial extent. But there are other equally important points of structure, which serve to form the limits of the proposed subdivisions; among these are the direction of the convolution of the segments of the corolla, the relative position of the stamens, the differences in their form, the shape and the divisions of the disk, and especially the nature of the fruit and the development of the seeds. This latter much neglected feature is here employed as far as possible, because it ought to form an important element in every system of classification. It includes the situation of the hilum on the seed, and the direction of the embryo in regard to it. De Candolle and Miiller rarely give any indication on this point; and Endlicher, usually. precise, is equally silent about it; but it is here employed to the full extent that my own observations allow. In those cases where no information is recorded, analogy has been the guide until more certain data are observed. In the second class of this family we find many points of extreme interest, in regard to structure and function, which have not received the attention they deserve, and which call for especial notice. Among these is the part here called the clavunele, which is a fleshy cylindrical process, attached to the summit of the style, and which has generally been regarded as a part of the stigma; but as the two stigmata, placed upon its summit, are fully developed, this idea cannot be maintained: it must be regarded as a distinct indusiate process, adapted to a peculiar function. Upon the exterior surface of the clavuncle we find five or ten parallel longitudinal glands, exuding a nectariferous juice. The singular juxtaposition of the anther-cells has been above alluded to—leaving a hollow space in the centre, closed at the summit by the stegiwm formed by the conniving apexes of the connectives, at the same time that the ten basal forks of the connectives, tending downwards, allow a free ingress from below into this hollow space. By the growth of the style the clavuncle is carried upwards, being guided into the cavity by the forks; but it cannot go further and break through the valves of the stegium, as it is stopped by the broad basal peltate indusium, which, acting as a buffer, prevents its progress beyond the precise point required, so that the nectariferous glands now stand opposite to, and in contact with the ten anther-cells. The glands begin to exude their juice at the same time that the anthers emit their grains of pollen; and PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 3 these, mingling together, form a magma, soon charged with pollen-tubes, all pervading the central space and confined within it: this magma now flowing over the stigmata, the pollen-tubes penetrate their papille, and pass down the stigmatic channels of the style, eventually impinging upon the ovules; and thus the work of fertilization is effected without the aid, or even the possibility of insect agency. This mechanism, tending to the exact apposition of the several parts towards one another, and their appliance to functional purposes, appears so wonderful, and so very like the most ingenious design, that it cannot fail to excite our admiration. There is a considerable degree of analogy in the development and fertilization of the Apocynacee and Asclepiadacee, more so than is generally supposed. In the latter family the prevailing floral structure is different. The corolla is much smaller, its tube very short, its segments equilateral and expanded: within these segments is a corona of five, ten, or fifteen petaloid lobes, in one, two, or three series; but their use is not manifest. The five conspicuous stamens, alternate with the border segments of the corolla, are peculiar in their construction: they are fixed to the short tube of the corolla by broad filaments united into a short funnel, each continued into a free broad connective, and terminated by an expanded membrane, all connivent in the centre over the stigma, thus forming what may be called a stegiwm. Each connective bears inside two adnate anther- cells, sometimes divided into four; each cell consists of two distinct laminz, the outer one (exothecium) being part of the soft connective, the inner one (endothecium) being separable, forming a polliniferous lobule of an oblong form, terminating at one end in a thread. Here we find a singular arrangement: the thread of one of the lobules of one anther is conjoined at its apex with the thread of one of the lobules of the adjacent anther, and geminately united to a small corpuscle (retinaculum) which is agglutinated to one of the angles of the clavuncle, leaving them generally pendulous, but sometimes erect. Each endothecium is thick in substance, and is pitted all over with numerous minute hexagonal recesses, severally containing a granule of pollen, according to the analyses of Bauer and Brown*. The style is short, and surmounted in most of the genera by a very large, flattened, peltate, pentagonal clavuncle, its angles being furnished with nectarial glands, somewhat as in the Apocynacee, exhibiting in the centre, at the summit, two distinctly developed stigmata, often very short, which are studded all over with the usual papille. The nectarial juice of the glands is now conveyed by the agency of capillary attraction along the threads of the lobules, and is diffused over their pollini- ferous surface; and under this stimulus the pollen granules expand into long tubes or boyaux, which spread in all directions, a sufficient number reaching and penetrating the papille of the stigmata, thence passing down the ordinary stigmatic channels to arrive at the ovules. As the stegium is contrived so that nothing can enter that hollow space, it follows that the work of fertilization (as in the Apocynacee) is here effected without the aid of insect agency. The apparent similarity in the mode of suspension of the pollen-masses in Orchidacee has suggested an affinity between that family and Asclepiadacee ; but such an approxi- * Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 734, tab. 34. figs. 4-6, tab. 35. figs. 7-11. B2 4 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. mation is negatived by every other point of structure. There can be no doubt, however, that fertilization in the Orchidacee is really accomplished by the agency of insects. The correctness of the foregoing résumé, as to the structure and relative positions of the sexual parts of the flower in the Asclepiadacee, is well confirmed by the admirable analytical figures drawn by Rio Creux, under the auspices of Prof. De Candolle, in thirty-seven genera of the family: here the clavuncle is constant, generally peltate and pentagonal, sometimes club-shaped or subcylindrical; but in all cases the five angles of that process are glandiferous, exuding a peculiar juice: the development during growth appears to me to show that self-fertilization follows as a necessary consequence, without the aid of external agency. . On the other hand, we cannot pass over the different view entertained by the cele- brated Robert Brown, who states unequivocally that, in all the Asclepiadacee “ that have been hitherto examined, the absolute necessity for the assistance of insects is mani- fest’’*; and in proof of this he “considered the evidence complete.” But neither in this memoir, nor in any other work of that celebrated botanist, as far as I can remember, is any evidence produced to show how this agency is employed, or why it is necessary ; on the contrary, the phenomena so minutely described by him, showing how the pollen tubes are generated, how. they force their way through zigzag obstacles (J. c. p. 725) till they reach the stigma, whence they pass down the stigmatic channels of the style (‘“‘ mucous tubes’’) until they reach the ovules, are all effected through self-agency and natural development, without any external influence. An explanation may be offered in regard to the coma of the seeds. This term is here confined to that process at the apex of the seed, formed by the strophiolar enlarge- ment of the testa around the micropyle, which bears a number of long erect hairs in several series: this peculiar process is found only in the trwe Hchitee and in the Asclepiadacee. The term coma is excluded from those instances where it has been employed to denote the excurrent mass of hairs which emanate from the surface of the testa. Returning to our subject, I may here remark that the numerous observations made by me in many former years, the careful analyses obtained in Brazil and since my return, the plants I collected there, still preserved, those in the herbarium of the British Museum, including many original types, the care taken in the analyses of these, have afforded useful results, novel in great measure, all here interpolated with the recorded descriptions of botanists, and all arranged in consecutive order. I have also been able to identify with specimens in our herbaria the thirty species figured by Velloz under Zabernemontana and Echites. The evidence thus obtained, copious as it is, is not sufficient to form a complete monograph of all the South-American species. To my extreme regret, illness and other causes have prevented my examination of the rich materials in the herbarium of Kew; I have not even attempted to examine the plants of this family belonging to the Old World; so that much more is required to be done, to form a complete arrangement. * Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 732. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. > os Following the views before suggested, I proceed to offer, in the first place, the pro- posed classification of the entire family, based on the principles already explained. To this arrangement will be prefixed, in each tribe, a review of most of the South- American genera thus eliminated, noting the peculiar characters by which they are distinguished, and followed in each case by a careful enumeration of the several species and their synonyms: we thus dispose of the great mass of recorded species of hitherto doubtful or wrongly assigned position. Whenever I have had access to the specimen described, and have been able to analyze a flower, a complete enumeration of all its characters is given in regular and continuous sequence. These may seem to many unne- cessarily long ; but, in my estimation, no diagnosis can be too long when it is confined to a simple narrative of facts: it is by such a method alone that we can with confidence assign any plant to a particular group, and distinguish it from other cognate species. But in those instances where the plant described:by others has not been seen, its diagnosis has been remodelled, by arranging its given features in the same order of sequence as in the former case, thus avoiding the disruptions usually effected by authors—such breaks making it more difficult to compare one species with another, and to decide upon their identity or difference. In order to render the details of the genera more intelligible, and the differences between the several groups more apparent, I propose to illustrate by analytical drawings the leading characters of their floral or carpological structure. DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. Cuass I. HAPLANTHERE:: stamens each with two anther-cells, parallel, adnate, or often dorsally attached to a soft connective. A. Ovule and seed anatropous. Tribe 1. Orntoxyitex: fruit drupiform and indehiscent, either single or double; cells mono- spermous : seed without pulp, erect, with a basal hilum and inferior radicle, or suspended with a superior radicle. All albuminous. Ophioxylon, Rauwolfia, Vallesia, Bicorona. B. Ovule and seed heterotropous, when the hilum is on the middle of one of the faces, equidistant from the radicular and cotyledonary extremities. Tribe 2. Carisszm: fruit drupaceous, indehiscent, 2-locular, or 1-celled by abortion: seeds imbedded in pulp, peltate, subcompressed; embryo straight, in albumen, with a basal radicle. Acokanthera, Ceratites, and Pomphidea are placed here on account of their stamens, though their fruit is unknown. Carissa, Ambellania, Carpodinus, Chitandra, Macoubea, Lacmeliia, Otopetalum, Cupirana, Pacouria, Lycimnia, Vahea, Ceratites, Couma, Zschokkia, Chilocarpus, Pomphidea, Hancornia, Winchia, Landolphia, Acokanthera, Melodinus, Tribe 3. WittucHBEIE#: fruit drupaceous, indehiscent, 1-2-celled: seeds compressed, imbedded in pulp; embryo straight, without albumen, with a very short radicle: thus differing from the preceding in the absence of albumen. Willughbeia. Tribe 4. Turverina: 1 or 2 indehiscent drupes, 1- or 2-celled, cells or pseudo-cells mono- spermous: seeds without pulp, oval, fleshy, peltately affixed, exalbuminous ; embryo with a short radicle. Thevetia, Ochrosia, Chetosus, Kopsia, Tanghinia, Pseudochrosia, Leuconotus, Vinea. Cerbera, Neubergia, Tribe 5. Hunrerizz: 1 to 5 oval dry indehiscent drupes, monospermous: seed compressed, without pulp, laterally attached by a central hilum; embryo in copious albumen, with a superior radicle. Hunteria, Lepimia, Noterium, Pleiocarpa. Amblyocalyz, DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. 7 Tribe 6. AsprposPerMEs: 2 follicles, rarely combined into a 2-locular fruit, or generally only 1 by abortion, oblong or semi-oblong, compressed or quite flat, subligneous or coriaceous, without pulp, dehiscing along the marginal ventral suture into two gaping semivalves conjoined along the dorsal margin, with a narrow placenta on the suture: seeds large, parallelly adjacent, extremely compressed, broadly winged all round a central embryo- niferous scutcheon, which has a small hilum in its centre on the side averse from its corresponding valve ; or the scutcheon is truncated at one end, broadly winged at the other, ‘or exalate ; each suspended at the hilum by a slender funicle, either vertically from the summit, or horizontally emanating from the lateral margin of the suture: embryo filling ' the scutcheon, in a thin tegminiform albumen, extremely compressed, with a terete radicle pointing to the summit or obliquely to the margin, with large, thin, foliaceous, oval cotyledons more or less deeply cordate. Aspidosperma, Strempeliopsis, Conopharyngia, Plectaneia. Thyroma, Tribe 7. ALLAMANDE#: a single orbicular subcompressed, dry capsule, unilocular, with a thin ° pericarp, densely and coarsely echinated, furnished within the peripherial margin with a placentiferous replum, and divisible into two hemispherical valves, smooth inside; seeds not very numerous, suspended from the replum in two single series by filiform funicles; testa oval, with a, broad thick callous margin (instead of a wing) surrounding a flat embryoniferous scutcheon, in the middle of which, on one face, is a central hilum, from which it is suspended as in Aspidosperma: embryo in thin tegminiform albumen, with a superior terete radicle and oval foliaceous cotyledons. Allamanda. Tribe 8. Puumerim#: 2 large, divaricated, thick, liear-oblong follicles, opening along their ventral suture, which expands internally into 2 flat septiform placentz: seeds many, sub- compressed, furnished below with a lacerated wing, and affixed peltately and imbricatively upon each semiseptum: embryo in corneous albumen, with foliaceous cotyledons and an inferior radicle. Plumeria, Cameraria. Tribe 9. Atyxinrz: 2 lomentaceous flat indehiscent follicles, transversely articulated into several dry, monospermous cells, with a longitudinal placenta projecting along one of the internal faces, round which the seeds are longitudinally conduplicated, and peltately affixed by a central hilum on the ventral face: embryo in corneous albumen, with oval or oblong folia- ceous cotyledons, and superior (or inferior?) radicle. Alyzia, Condylocarpon. Tribe 10. CrasPrposPERMEEZ: an elongated subcompressed, 2-locular capsule, resolvable into 2 follicles by the splitting of its bilamellar dissepiment, whose edges are inflected at the axis, and there placentiform, bearing many imbricated seeds peltately attached by a central hilum on one face, oblong, much compressed, covered all over by numerous long hairs or scales, often extending far beyond the apex or beyond the margins, or sometimes lacerately winged: embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle. Craspidospermum, Manothriz, Tayotum, Rheitrophyllum. B * 8 DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. ; Cuass II. SYMPHYANTHEREZ: stamens connivent, each with 2 parallel anther- cells introrsely fixed upon a much longer horny connective, usually membranaceous or cuspidate at the apex, and terminating below in 2 longer or shorter forks, the pollen- cells adhering to the clavuncle of the style, all thus held together in a cone. Tribe 11. Tanernamontanes: 2 follicles, ovoid or oblong, often pointed, dehiscing along their ventral suture, whose introflexed margins are seminiferous: pericarp thick, fleshy or cori- aceous : seeds many, attached or suspended each by a more or less elongated fleshy funicle resembling pulp; seeds ovate, dorsally convex and striated, channelled on the ventral face, with a callous hilum in the middle, and there affixed to near the end of the funicle, the other end of which is suspended from the suture; testa coriaceous: embryo heterotropous, in corneous albumen, with foliaceous cotyledons and a superior terete radicle. Peschiera, Anacampta, Stemmadenia, Rejoua, Bonafousia, Rhigospira, Merizadenia, Orchipeda, Tabernemontana, Phrissocarpus, Anartia, Voacanga. Taberna, Codonemma, Geissospermum, Tribe 12. Matovztizz: 2 follicles, linear, oblong, or terete, dehiscing along their ventral suture, the margins of which are thickened introrsely into a solid resilient placenta, semi- nigerous on both sides: seeds many, compressed or cylindrical, oblong, imbricated, sub- winged at the extremities with the lateral margins incurved, peltately affixed by a median hilum : embryo heterotropous, linear or oblong, in thin albumen, with a superior radicle : seeds quite glabrous. Malouetia, Amsonia, Hostmannia, Blaberopus, Thyrsanthus, Rhazya, Ellertonia, Dissuraspermum. Gonioma, Lepimia, . Alstonia, C. Seeds anatropous without an apical coma. Tribe 18. Rossrex: 2 long follicles dehiscing along their ventral suture, the margins of which expand internally into 2 septiform membranaceous placentas bearing many imbricated seeds, which are oblong, compressed, suspended from the ventral face, marked by a longi- tudinal median hilum; generally-clothed with many long, soft hairs, some extending far beyond the summit, which is often prolonged into a slender rostrum, sometimes very long and covered plumosely with many fine setaceous hairs, often mistaken for a coma: embryo in thin albumen, with a superior radicle. -Robbia, Chariomma, Rhabdadenia, Urechites, Elytropus, Adenium, Laubertia, | Epigynum. Skytanthus, Eriadenia, Tribe 14. Oponrapeniz#: 2 elongated follicles (or 1 by abortion) dehiscing along their ventral suture, the margins of which are invariably expanded into 2 broad septiform placente studded extrorsely with numerous nodules in longitudinal series, each supporting a seed : seed long, terete, erect, narrow at its two extremities, everywhere bare; embryo terete, in albumen, with a basal radicle. Odontadenia. DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. 2 D. Seeds anatropous with an apical coma. Cuass II]. ECHITEA: seeds linear oblong compressed or terete, often with an elongated rostrum terminated by the micropyle, which is surrounded by a cup-shaped ring, bearing a crown of 1 or 2 series of long hairs, usually called a coma. Tribe 15. Macrostpponiz#: 2 very long subtorulose follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture, the narrow margins of which are inflected and seminiferous: seeds linear oblong com- pressed, with an apical coma. Low erect, or prostrate plants, with a few axillary handsome flowers, having an extremely long narrow tube with a broad rotate border. Macrosiphonia. Tube 16. Stirecomez: 2 follicles with very thick pericarp, sometimes very long, rugous or verrucose, dehiscing along the ventral suture, either with 2 placentas conjoined by a keel attached to the suture and then detaching itself, or else narrower remaining separately attached to the suture: seeds elongated, terete, often with a long rostrum, suspended by a longer or shorter funicle, with an expanded apical coma: embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle. Stipecoma, Rhynchodia, Roupellia, Retinocladus, Chonemorpha, Strophyanthus, Rhodocalyz, Haplophytum. Tribe 17. Wricutrez: an oblong 2-celled capsule, splitting septicidally through a thick bila- mellar dissepiment (becoming like 2 follicles), each cell gaping in the line of the axis, its introflected margins being seminigerous: seeds inverted, the coma pointing downwards : embryo without albumen, the cotyledons convoluted. Wrightia, ' Kicksia. Tribe 18. Prestonizz: an oblong 2-celled capsule, splitting septicidally, as in the preceding tribe, the sutural margins being inflected, subseptiform and seminigerous: seeds many, imbricated, oblong, furnished at the apex with a long coma, near which they are suspended ; the radicle of the embryo points to the coma. Prestonia, Aptotheca, Balfouria, Aganosma, Nerium, Rhaptocarpus, Lyonsia, Heligme. Parsonsia, Beaumontia, Villaris, Tribe 19. Dretapentem: 2 long terete follicles dehiscing along the ventral suture, which is inflected into 2 parallel placente, bearing many oblong seeds suspended from a point near the long apical silky coma: embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle. The chief pecu- liarity consists in a disk of 2 flat opposite lobes alternating with the ovaries. Dipladenia, Homaladenia, Prestoniopsis, Carruthersia. Micradenia, Tribe 20. Prosecuite#: 2 oblong or terete follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture, which is inflected into 2 parallel or 1 combined placenta, bearing many sublinear seeds suspended from a point where the longitudinal raphe terminates, and which are crowned with a long silky coma: embryo in albumen, with a superior radicle: disk urceolate, entire, or more often partly cleft into 5 or 10 lobes. c 10 DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. Flowers often large and subcampanulate with broad segments; rarely much smaller, thus approaching those of the following tribe: sepals sometimes large, generally imbricated. Anisolobus, Mandevilla, Echites, Secondatia, Angadenia, Amblyanthera, Temnadenia, Haplophytum. Perictenia, Mascarenhasia, Mitozus, Tribe 21. Merszcuitz#: 2 long, terete or torulose follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture, . the inflected margins of which are seminiferous. Seeds many, crowded, linear or fusiform, with an apical coma, suspended as in the preceding tribe. Corolla small, or of moderate size, with a short tube, and rotate segments simply convoluted : stamens included, or often more or less exserted : disk rarely obsolete, or very short and crenulated, or generally consisting of 5 erect, more or less free, fleshy lobes. Mesechites, Isonema, Holarhena, Ichnocarpus, Anechites, Laseguea, Alana, Anodendron, Lxothostemon, Hemadictyon, Motandra, Cleghornia, Thenardia, Cycladenia, Pachypodium, Ecsydanthera, Forsteronia, Heterothriz, ' Baissea, Micrechites, Zygodia, Oncinotis, Rhynchodia, Parameria, Potisia, Apocynum, Trachelospermum, Pycnobotrys. Alafia, Urceola (Chavanesia), Aganosma, ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, MaAcouUBEA. This genus of Aublet, established upon a tall tree in Guiana, has been placed by most botanists in Clusiacee, though Cambassédes expressed a contrary opinion. Its floral structure is unknown ; but in its other characters it appears to belong to the Apocynacee, because all parts of the plant yield a lactescent juice: its leaves are opposite, with straight divergent nerves arcuately conjoined near the margin, and upon petioles some- what embracing the branch. The fruit, supported upon a short pedicel, is drupaceous, globular, as large as an orange, much resembles that of Cupirana, borne upon the per- sistent calyx; it is indehiscent, with a rough, brown, thick pericarp, apparently unilo- cular, but only by abortion, as Jussieu observed, for the dissepiment of the ovary is here thrust on one side: it contains several oblong curving seeds, with a hilum in the middle of a ventral furrow ; they are covered by a pulpy covering, which when dry is thick and spongy; each contains, within albumen, an embryo with two fleshy cotyledons and a small radicle. These characters show a close approach to Ambellania; and Aublet must have been aware of this affinity, as he figures the two genera in juxtaposition. Only one species is known, and that imperfectly. The following character is partly formed after the examination of Aublet’s typical plant, now in the herbarium of the British Museum. 1. Macovsea Guianensis, Aubl. Pl. Guian. ii. suppl. p. 18, tab. 378; Juss. Gen. p. 257; Juss. Ann. Mus. xx. p. 466; Cambass. Mém. Mus. xvi. p. 396; DC. Prodr. i. 364; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 169: arbor lactescens, foliis oppositis, ellipticis, utrinque subacutis, integris, glaberrimis, supra glauco- viridibus, nervis paullo divergentibus arcuatim nexis, reticulatis ; petiolis semiteretibus, in nodum transversim fere junctis, limbo 8plo brevioribus: racemis oppositis, terminalibus, petiolo fere duplo longioribus, crebre plurifloris, floribus brevissime pedicellatis ; sepalis minoribus, rotundatis, convexis, imo gibbosis, et in cupulam brevem coalitis, carnosis, valde imbricatis : pedunculo fructifero brevi ; drupa majuscula, subspherica subcompressa, vel obsolete trisulcata, punctis griseis notata, abortu 1-loculari ; seminibus plurimis, obtuse oblongis, ad raphen longitudinaliter sulcatis, in carne fungosa nidulantibus ; embryone intra albumen, oblongo, cotyledonibus 2, plano-convexis, radicula minima nexis, In Guiana: v. pl. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne, in sylvis (Aublet) ; fruct. non vidi. A tree 40 feet high, with a trunk 18 in. in diameter ; its hard wood, of a greenish yellow colour, emits a fetid odour, all parts of the plant yielding a lactescent juice. The nodes of its branches are 1-2 in. apart; the leaves are 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, on petioles 4 in. long, conjoined across the node. The fruit is suspended by a pedicel 2 lines long, is about 3 in. in diameter, the pericarp being hard and 1 line thick; the seeds are ? in. long, 2 in. broad, slightly curved and sulcated along one side, by the middle of which they seem to be attached. 03 12 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. HANCORNIA. The description of the fruit and seeds of this genus given, in a few words, by Endlicher, DeCandolle, and Miller is copied from that of Gomez; but it is incomplete. Aware of this, I lately procured from Pernambuco several fruits preserved in spirit ; and I now give the results of their examination. The globular epicarp is a thin coriaceous skin, covering a paler yellowish fleshy mass, which exudes a milky juice, is sweet and of a pleasant flavour: it contains several white seeds somewhat sparsely imbedded in it, which are oval, compressed, consisting only of an albumen and enclosed embryo, the testa not having been noticed by any previous observer; this, however, exists, appearing like a smooth hollow cyst, in which the albuminous body reposes; this albumen shows on the ventral side, a little below the summit, a hollow with a mamillary point which has been mistaken for the hilum; but it is only the end of the radicle, which almost pro- trudes. The testa or cyst is of an orange colour, is covered externally with numerous papillose scales, between which the fleshy matter is insinuated, and thus holds it so fast that it is impossible to extricate it. Intermixed with the fertile seeds we find in the soft mass many sterile ones, where the nature of the testa is clearly seen; these are free from the mass, or at least easily separated. This is an empty sac, compressed, showing the true hilum in the centre of one face, all the rest of the surface being papillose as above- mentioned. Miller has united the different species as mere varieties of a single one; but I make out three distinct species:—1. Hancornia spEciosa, Gomez; well figured by Miller in his pl. viii. fig. 3; it is the Ribeira sorbilis of Arruda (in Cent. Pl. Pernam.), and flourishes in the sertaos or flat arid plains in the province of Pernambuco: its leaves are smaller, oblong, narrowing to the summit, quite glabrous, on a slender petiole + their length: the peduncle of the inflorescence is 3 lines long, bears 2 or 3 flowers on pedicels 6 lines long, each flower 13 in. long. 2. H. puBEscens, Nees & Mart., is found on the high tablelands in the province of Minas Geraés, is arborescent, with leaves covered beneath with fine ferruginous tomentum, which in my specimen (Claussen, 222) are 2-23 in. long, 10-12 lines broad, more gradually acute at both extremities than in the preceding species, and on a pubescent petiole 3 lines long; they differ especially in having few, remote, ascend- ing nerves: its corymbose flowers are larger, with a shorter tube, and are more numerous. 3. H. GARDNERI is a tree about 12 feet high, from the province of Goyaz, has much larger and broader leaves, rounded towards the summit, where they are suddenly narrowed into a short linear acumen, with closely parallel patent nerves, quite glabrous, 2-3 in. long, 13-1} in. broad, on petioles 1-14 line long; the terminal corymb has a very short peduncle bearing 6 or 8 erect flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; the flowers are 2 in. long, including the linear segments (9 lines) ; the fruit is more than double the size of that of the two preceding species, and is equal in size to a large peach. The differences are sufficiently great to constitute three valid species. The typical species has long been cultivated near Pernambuco, and was first described by Gomez. The milky juice yielded by all of them, as well as by the fruits known by ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 13 the name of Mangaba, affords a material like india-rubber, which is likely to become an article of commerce. _ The Hancornia floribunda, figured by Péppig, is a species of Zshokkea; and the Han- cornia laxa, A. DC., belongs to Ambellania. The analysis of the fruit and seed of Hancornia speciosa is shown in Plate 1 A. AMBELLANIA. A genus well described and figured by Aublet upon a single Guiana species: to this Dr. Miller added five others from Brazil, two of which must be excluded, as indicated below. The genus is easily distinguished from Coumu, Hancornia, and Zschokkea by the segments of the corolla, which are linear-oblong, obtuse, membranaceous, simply con- voluted sinistrorsely in eestivation, afterwards expanded, and by other characters. The fruit differs from those of the above genera in its fleshy envelope divided into 2 cells by a very thick fleshy placentiferous dissepiment, in which numerous small seeds are half imbedded ; these seeds are oval, subcompressed, and peltately attached by a ventral hilum. 7. AMBELLANIA cucUMERINA, Spruce in Hook. Kew Journ. v. 185 et 248: arborescens, undique lactes- cens: foliis ovato-oblongis, imo rotundatis, apice sensim apiculutis, integris, marginibus subre- volutis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, subtus pallidioribus, valde opacis, sub lente minute granulatis, nervis numerosis tenuibus crebre parallelis recte divergentibus prope marginem arcuatis, venis vix ullis, costa supra sulcata, subtus prominula ; petiolo tenui, canaliculato, limbo AOplo breviore: racemo brevi, axillari, pedunculo petiolum equante, floribus subcongestis ; pedicellis brevissimis ; sepalis brevibus, ovatis; corolle tubo cylindrico, glabro, superne sensim latiore, calyce quadruplo longiore, intus lineis 5 lanato-piloso, segmentis subsequilongis, lineari-oblongis, obtusulis, zstivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convolutis, demum expansis; staminibus infra medium tubi insertis, filamentis brevissimis, antheris acuminatis, imo emarginatis; stylo brevi, valido, apice indusiatim concavo; stigmatibus 2, globosis, indusio nidulantibus: drupa ovato-oblonga utrinque obtusa, costatim pentagona, pericarpio crassissimo, carnoso, extus (modo cucumeri) muricato- tuberculato, 2-loculari, dissepimento crasso carnoso seminigero; seminibus plurimis, ovatis, plano- convexis; testa tenui, dura, hilo parvo supra medium peltatim affixa; embryone in albumine sub- corneo subzquilongo incluso, cotyledonibus anguste semiteretibus radicula ad imum spectante triplo longioribus. In Brasilia: v. pl. sicc. in hb. Hook., fructus in Mus. Kew., Panuré, Rio Negro (Spruce 2413). A slender branching tree, 15-30 feet high, yielding an abundant milky juice; its opposite leaves are 43-53 in. long, 1{-27 in. broad, on petioles about 14 line long, having about 30 pairs of parallel nerves, with others shorter and intermediate; the small black dots mentioned by Spruce are merely superficial, and in no way resemble the pellucid dots of the Myrtacee; the imbricated pruinose sepals are 3 lines long; the tube of the corolla 5 lines long, its segments 4 lines long. The fruit, called “ Pepino do matto” (wild cucumber), is 33 in. long, 1] in. broad, the angles alternate with the sepals ; the pericarp, of firm texture, is edible, sweet-tasted, with the odour of a ripe apple, and 4-5 lines thick, the dissepiment between the 2 narrow cells being 3 lines thick, bearing about 60 oval compressed fleshy seeds 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, covered by a hard greenish scabrid testa, marked by a small hilum in the middle, by which it is attached 14 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. to the dissepiment ; the albumen is 22 lines long, } line thick; radicle superior, 3 times as long as the short obtuse linear cotyledons. A figure of the inflorescence of this species, and of its fruit and seeds, are exhibited in Plate 1 B. The Tabernemontana lucida, H. B. K. (Gen, vii. 209), appears to belong to Lacmellia, as shown below. To be excluded :— Ambellania quadrangularis, Mill. = Rhigospira quadrangularis, nod. Ambellania macrophylla, Mill. = Rhigospira venulosa, nod. LAcMELLIA. This genus was established in 1856, by Karsten, upon a New-Granada plant, naming it after its vernacular title, “ Leche e miel” (milk and honey). It has been acknowledged by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 694), but only by absorbing into it Miiller’s genus Zschokkea: the latter appears to me, however, a valid genus, as will presently be shown. Only one species has been hitherto known; but a second and closely allied species is here added, from one of Bonpland’s plants. 1. Lacmetsia epuuis, Karst. Linn. xxviii. 450. Rio Meta, in littoribus (non vidi). A middle-sized tree, growing on the banks of the river Meta (flowing from the New- Granada Andes), at a spot about 70° 40' W. long. and 60° 20’ N. lat.: its trunk yields a lac- tescent juice, made into a cooling drink; it is crowned by a branching head ; its opposite leaves are shining above, and on short petioles. The inflorescence is an axillary cyme of small yellow flowers, on bibracteolated pedicels; the calyx consists of 5 small, concave, imbricated, persistent sepals; the corolla is tubular, with a border of 5 linear lanceolate segments, twisted in estivation and deciduous; the stamens, on very short filaments, are inserted in a pilose ring above the base of the tube of the corolla; the ovary is single, bilocular, with many hemianatropous ovules in longitudinal series in the axis; the style is conical, 10-costate; stigmata 2, lanceolate. The fruit is yellow, oval, baccate, as large as a hazel nut, crowned by the persistent style; by abortion it is 1-celled and contains a single, good-tasted seed enveloped in a mucilaginous covering; the albumen, as long as it, encloses the heterotropous embryo, of 2 oval foliaceous cotyledons conjoined by a superior fusiform radicle. 2. LacmEnyia Lucipa, nob.: Tabernemontana ? lucida, H. B. K. vii. 209; Psychotria lucida, R. & Sch. (non H. B. K.), Syst. iv. 189. In Nova Granada ad Rio Atabapo (non vidi). A closely allied species, collected by Bonpland at the Missiones of 8. Francisco, in the same longitude, and about 50 miles southward of the locality of the preceding species. It forms a lactescent tree 50 feet high, growing on the border of the river, with fuscous branches 2-edged, compressed, smooth and incrassate, the axils by a transverse ridge conjoining the petioles; leaves opposite, oblong lanceolate, obtuse or rounded, rarely emarginated at the apex, narrowly cuneated at the base and running into the petioles, subcoriaceous, glabrous, thickened and entire on the margins, with many approximated parallel faint nerves, nitid above, concolorous beneath, with a prominent midrib, 3-33 in. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 15 long, 10-11 lines broad, on channelled fossated petioles 4-5 lines long: panicle terminal, subtrichotomous, bracteated, glabrous; bracts small, ovate; flowers white, having the smell of jasmine; pedicels 1} line long: sepals small, ovate, imbricated, somewhat unequal; tube of corolla funnel-shaped, 8 times as long as the calyx, segments oblong, revolute at the apex, imbricated at the base: stamens acute, sessile, inserted within the tube: ovary subbilocular, ovules attached to a thickened placenta in the axis; style short, subulate; stigma simple: drupes ovate-oblong, fleshy, edible, 1 in. long, 2-locular, filled with a lactescent, glutinous pulp, each cell containing one plano-convex seed. From these descriptions, Zacmellia is shown to differ from Ambellania in its more membranaceous corolla, with lanceolate segments revolute at the apex, in its much longer anthers, the filaments inserted in a pilose ring near the base of the tube, a conical 10-costate style, a much smaller fruit, of thinner consistence, with a single plano-convex. seed in each cell, clothed in a mucilaginous envelope. Although it approaches Zschokkea in its fruit, it differs in its corolla with much longer and lanceolate segments and a shorter tube. ZSCHOKKEA. A valid genus, established by Miller in 1860 upon several species from Brazil and Guiana, besides another from the Upper Amazonas river. It has been united with Lacmellia by the authors of the Gen. Plant. (ii. 694); but it appears to me it should be kept distinct, as it differs from that genus in the extremely short rounded segments of the corolla, in its very long slender anthers bidentate at their base and enclosed within the upper part of the tube of the corolla, in its simple style, in the densely barbate stig- mata, in its smaller, dry, capsular fruit, and contains a single plano-convex dry seed, in which respect it approaches Rawwolfia, The following are its known species :— 1. Zschoxkea GrRactuis, Mill. J. c. p. 21, tab. 6. fig. 1. River Amazonas, near Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1000). . —— ramosissima, Mil. J. c. p. 21, tab. 7. River Uhaupes (Spruce 2628). ARBORESCENS, Miill. J. c. p. 22, tab. 6. fig. 3. Rio Negro (Spruce 1001-1922). mMoNosrEeRMA, Mill. J. c. p. 22, tab. 6. fig. 2. Santarem (Spruce 679). microcarPa, Miill. J. c. p. 23. Rio Negro (Spruce 3537). FLoRIBUNDA, Mill. /. c. p. 23: Hancornia floribunda, Popp. Gen. iii. 70, tab. 279. River Amazonas, near Ega (Péppig, 2728). curanensis, Mill. Linn. xxx. 391. French Guiana (Poiteau). Dw ww CUPIRANA. This genus is the Cowpowi of Aublet, who figured the plant and unripe fruit only, which is represented as if crowned with a superior calyx—a mistake originating in the inversion of the detached drupe: hence the genus has been referred by most botanists to the Myrtacee, De Candolle placing it among the doubtful members of that family. Endlicher and Lindley ranged it among the Barringtoniee, while Hooker and Bentham referred it to Pentagonia amoung Rubiacee. Its true place, however, is un- questionably in Apocynacee, as 1 have ascertained by flowering specimens of the same 16 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEE. plant collected in Cayenne by Martin, preserved in the British Museum. I have oF adopted Aublet’s generic name, as it might be confounded with his genus Couepia, with his Goupia, and with DeCandolle’s Cupia, but have given its vernacular, Cupi-rana (wild Cupi), a name given to it to distinguish it from the true Cupi ( Couepia guianensis, Aubl.). The floral characters in the, following diagnosis are derived from my own analysis of Martin’s plants, which show two very distinct species; those of the fruit are derived whollv from Aublet’s description and drawing, with the necessary correction. Currrana, nob. Coupoui, Aubl.; Calyx tubulosus, margine truncato obsolete 5-denticulato, crassiuscu lus, 5-nervis, e laminis 2 separabilibus constans, inferiore tenuiter membranacea, enervi, margine breviter ciliato, eeriore breviter 5-dentata, demum in lacinias 5 rupta, persistens. Corolle pub calyce paullo longior, crassus ; limbi segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuta, tubo duplo longiora, imo brevis- sime auriculata, crasse carnosa, opaca, erecto-expansa, zstivatione valde imbricata et sinistrorsum simpliciter convoluta. Stamina 5, inclusa, laciniis alterna, imo tubo inserta ; filamenta brevissima, lineari-membranacea; anthere biloculares, imo cordate, sinu dorsali affix, loculis anguste linearibus ad connectivum tenue apice cuspidatim excurrens dorso adnatis, utrinque rima longitudinali introrsum dehiscentibus; pollen subtrigonum, e granulis coherentibus. Discus parvus, breviter urceolatus, margine crenatus, glaber. Ovarium depresse globosum, bisulcatum, glabrum, disco insitum, eodem dimidio brevius, liberum, biloculare; ovula pauca, axi affixa. Stylus corolle tubo dimidio brevior, tenuis, sub-4-angulatus, angulis hispidulis, imo pilosus, apice incrassatus ; clavuncula cylindrica, simplex, aut plandulis 2 linearibus oppositis rigide hispidulis signata: stigmata 2, acute linearia, membranacea, adpressa, glabra, glandulis alterna et equilonga. Drupa majuscula, ovata, calyce persistente rupto suffulta, abortu unilocularis, monosperma; semen magnum, amygdalinum. Arbores in Cayenna vigentes, frondose; folia magna, oblongo-lanceolata, nervosa; flores plurimi, singulatim pedicellati, summis ramis congesti; pedicelli longi aut breves, imo bracteati; drupe magne, indehiscentes. 1. Cuprrana AUBLETIANA, nob.: Coupoui aquatica, Aubl. Pl. Guian. ii. Suppl. p. 17, tab. 877: procera, truaoci cortice levi, viridi; ramis crassiusculis, nudis; ramulis angulato-striatis, fistulosis, medulla repletis : foliis circa 6,.alternis, ad apicem ramulorum congestis, magnis. lanceolato-oblongis, infra medium subangustioribus, imo cordatis, auriculis rotundatis et imbricantibus, sursum gradatim angustatis, apice repente acuminatis, glaberrimis, supra pallide viridibus, undique opacis, in costa nervisque sulcatis, venis reticulatis, subtus costa nervisque prominentibus; petiolo angulato, glabro, ' imo crassiore, limbo 4—5plo breviore: floribus circa 18, in apice ramulorum congestis ; pedicellis teretibus, calyce 4plo longioribus, imo bracteatis; bractea oblonga rubra, intus dense ramentacea et rufo-tomentosa: calyce tubuloso, adpresse velutino; corolla calyce 3plo longiore, opaca, seg- mentis vix explicatis: drupa oblonga, immatura ejus Citri medice magnitudine, viridi, imo calyce suffulta. In Guiana: v. pl. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Martin) ; fructus non vidi. Aublet’s specific name is not adopted, as it presupposes a small aquatic plant, instead of a very tall tree. The trunk is smooth and greenish, with a soft white wood; its branchlets are filled with a soft pith. The leaves, aggregated at the summit of its bare branchlets, are, in the specimen quoted, 17-20 in. long, 7-83 in. broad, on petioles 4-42 in. long; according to Aublet they are 22 in. long, 9 in. broad: they are prettily marked with about 24 pairs of divergent nerves, arcuately conjoined within the margin. About 18 flowers are aggregated on the summit of the branchlet, each on a pedicel some- what thickened above, nearly 2 in. long, and furnished at its base with an oblong sessile reddish bract 1 in. long and 3 in. broad: the calyx is 6 lines long, 34 lines in diam.; ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 17 the tube of the corolla is 7 lines long, 24 lines in diam.; the border-segments 11 lines long, 3 lines broad, thick, fleshy, distinctly auriculated at the base, and so firmly con- voluted sinistrorsely that they are with difficulty unrolled: the stamens are 4 lines long; the urceolate disk is 1 line high, 2 lines broad; the globular ovary is 14 line in diam. ; the slender style is 4 lines long; the clavuncle, with its glands, is 2 lines long ; the 2 stigmata 1 line long, 4 line broad. The fruit, according to Aublet, is about the size of a citron, of a greenish colour when not quite ripe; it contains a single seed, as in Zschokkea and Lacmellia, the structure of which is unknown. A drawing of the above species, explaining its floral structure, with a figure of the fruit, are given in Plate IT. 2. Cuprrana Martinrana, nob.: ramulis crassiusculis, uudis, angulato-striatis, apice foliiferis, cicatricibus foliorum caducorum crebre signatis ; foliis hinc paucis, alternis, magnis, elongato-oblongis, a medio utrinque sensim angustioribus, imo cuneatis, et in petiolo subbrevi decurrentibus, apice acutis, supra pallide viridibus, subnitidis, sparsim pilosis, in costa nervisque sulcatis, nervis venisque trans- versim reticulatis immersis, subtus pallidioribus, costa, nervis venisque prominentibus et paullo pilosis ; petiolo dense piloso, limbo 30plo breviore: floribus plurimis in apice ramulorum dense congestis, pedicellis duplo, et calyce 4plo brevioribus; calyce ore integro, extus dense flavide et adpresse villoso, intus tenuiter sericeo ; corolla calyce duplo longiore, intus glabra, extus pilis densis flavidis adpressis retrorsis villosa, tubo calycis longitudine, limbi laciniis 6, tubo equilongis, carnosis, oblongo-acutis, imo subcordatis, valde convolutis: staminibus preecedentis, cum filamentis paullo longioribus; disco brevi, campanulato, crenulato, glabro; ovario minimo, depresse globoso, glabro, 2-loculari; stylo tenui stamina attingente, imo dense piloso, superne glabro; stigmate ei zquilongo, bifisso, lobis lineari-acutis, adpresse erectis. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. in flore Cayenne (Martin). A species very similar in habit to the preceding, but different in many charac- ters. Its aggregated leaves are 15° in. long, 64 in. broad, on a thick villous petiole only 4 in. long: it has about 12 densely aggregated terminal flowers, upon short villous pedicels, 1 line long, growing out of a cluster of very short acute bracts: the calyx is 6 lines long, 3 lines broad, somewhat gibbous at base; the tube of the corolla is 5 lines long, its border-segments 5 lines long; the aciculated anthers 4 lines long, on filaments 14 line long, fixed to the bottom of the tube, and dorsally attached to the anther 4 line above its cordate base; the style, rising from a tuft of hairs on the summit of the ovary, is 34 lines long, is thickened above by a clavuncle 1 line long; the stigmata, 14 line long, are lanceolate and erect: disk 1 line high, 2 lines broad; ovary depressed- globose, 4 line in diam., its 2 cells too, minute to ascertain the number of ovules: several spiral threads were observed in the fleshy substance of the segments of the corolla. CERATITES. This genus, well elaborated by Dr. Solander, has escaped the notice of botanists, owing to the knowledge being only possessed by few of the rare books in the Banksian library, where the scarce work of Solander is deposited—a volume which minutely describes many rare Brazilian plants, well illustrated by several beautiful coloured drawings. Ceratites was founded on a single species, collected by him in Rio de Janeiro in 1768, the typical D 18 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. plant being still extant in the herbarium of the British Museum. It is curious that, in the interval of 110 years, this rare plant has not again been met with, although that neigh- bourhood has been since industriously searched by many scores of collectors. The genus is near Cowma, differing in the singular form of its corolla (which suggested its generic name), in the shape of its stamens, the structure of its disk, and other features, as the following diagnosis will show. Crrarirss, Soland.—Char. emend. : Sepala 5, acute oblonga, membranacea, subreflexa. Corolla tubulosa, flavide tomentosa, tubo cylindrico, calyce triplo longiore, supra medium constricto, et hinc intus infra piloso, limbi segmentis 5 obtuse lanceolatis, tubo zquilongis, subdextrorsum contortis, extus cum appendicibus subulatis sub apicem cornutis tomentosis, intus concavis et glabris. Stamina 5, inclusa, ad constrictionem tubi inserta: filamenta subbrevia, tenuia, extus pilosula; anthere libere, erectz, lineares, 2-lobe, sub medium divaricatim fissz, in sinu affixe, lobis utrinque obtusis, longi- tudinaliter dehiscentibus. Discus breviter tubulosus, liber, margine integro minute glanduloso. Ovaria 2, subglobosa, pilosa, disco equilonga; stylus glaber, filiformis, stamina attingens, apice fusiformi-incrassatus ; stigmata 2, parva, acuta, pilosa, subdivaricata. Fructus ignotus. Frutex Brasiliana ; folia opposita, elliptica, petiolata ; panicule avillares folio dimidio breviores, bis trichotome, floribus circ. 9 in dichotomiis, fere sessilibus, dense tomentose. 1. Ceratrres aMa@na, Soland. MS. in sched. 1083; in Prim. Fl. Bras. p. 68, tab. pict. 26: ramulis teretibus cinereo-opacis, axillis nodulosis : foliis oppositis, elliptico-oblongis, imo acutis, apice sensim subacutis calloso-mucronatis, chartaceis, marginibus integris subrevolutis, supra pallide et lete viridibus, subnitidis, nervis tenuissimis vix prominulis, subtus flavide opacis, brevissime puberulis, costa nervisque prominulis; petiolo tenui, semitereti, glabro, limbo 20plo breviore: paniculis axillaribus, flavide puberulis, circa 9-floris; pedunculo 3-ramoso, ramis dichotome divaricatis, cum flore fere sessili in dichotomiis; pedicellis brevissimis; sepalis lanceolatis, membranaceis, reflexis, puberulis; corolla flavide tomentosa; cat. ut in char. gener. In Brasilia: v. s. in hd. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander, anno 1768). I have stated that this genus approaches Cowma in structure: the latter is described and figured by Miller, who alleges that it has no disk; but I have found in C. dulcis and C. oblongifolia a decided disk, concealing 2 pilose ovaries as in Ceratites. In the present species the branchlets are 1 line thick, the axils being }-1 in. apart; the leaves are 33-33 in. long, 13-1} in. broad, on petioles 1-2 lines long; the peduncle is 6 lines long, the 3 branches 4 lines long, each dichotomously divided, with a flower in each dichotomy, on pedicels $ line long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, segments 3 lines long, with cornute appendages 2 lines long, placed below the apex: stamens seated in the contraction of the tube; filaments slender, 14 line long; anthers 1 line long: style 44 lines long. A figure of this species, with an analysis of its peculiar floral-structure, is exhibited in Plate I. c. POMPHIDEA. This genus* is proposed for a Jamaica plant collected by Swartz, and hitherto un- described. Its floral structure, in many points, approaches that of Ambellania. It has * So named from ropdos (cutis tumide vesicata) and idéa ( facies). ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 19 opposite leaves, a short axillary raceme with few flowers of rather small size, a calyx of 5 unequal oblong sepals, of which 2 are exterior, broader and twice the length of the others, all imbricated; within, at the base, are numerous minute scales, so united as to appear like a ring denticulated on its margin; the corolla has a short tube, with a border of 4 or 5 oblong fleshy suberect segments, dextrorsely convoluted in estivation, the whole marked by many pustular elevations; stamens alternate with the segments, fixed in the base of the tube,—the filaments being also pustular, the anther-cells parallel placed upon a connective bearing on its apex a large gland; a disk of 5 free erect lobes, surrounding the base of an oblong 2-celled ovary crowned by a short thick style indusiate at its apex and enclosing 2 rounded stigmata as in Ambellania. PompuipeEa, nob.: Flores 5-, rarius 4-meri: sepala 5 (raro 4), lineari-oblonga, ineequalia, quorum 2 ex- teriora duplo longiora et latiora, imbricata, erecta, crassiuscula, intus squamulis numerosis mem- branaceis parvis acutis in annulum confluentibus: corolle tubo sepala majora equante, cylindrico, segmentis tubo vix equilongis, oblongis, subacutis, qualibus, crassis, rigidis, glabris, suberectis, zstivatione paullo dextrorsum convolutis, cum tubo utrinque pellucide pustulatis. Stamina seg- mentis alterna, imo tubi inserta; filamenta tubo equilonga, linearia, late complanata, utrinque pustulata, marginibus dense ciliato-pilosis; anthere parallele 2-lobe, Jodis lineari-oblongis, dorso affixis, introrsis, rima longitudinali dehiscentibus; connectivum filamento continuum, excurrens, pustulatum, apice subito constrictum et in glandula majuscula pellucida terminatum. Discus 5-lobus, Jobis liberis, erectis, lineari-oblongis, carnosis, apice crenulato-truncatis, ovario duplo longiori circumpositis. Ovarium oblongum, tubo corolle brevius, angulatum, striatum, profunde 2-sulcatum, 2-loculare. Stylus subteres, ovario paullulo angustior et zquilongus, apice indusiatim excavatus et incrassatus, truncatus ; stigma 2-glandulosum, cavitati semiimmersum. Fructus ignotus. Arbor Jamaicensis : folia opposita, oblongo-ovata, breviter petiolata ; racemus axillaris, brevis, pedun- culatus, pauciflorus ; flores subparvi, pedicellati. 1. Pompuipgea Swartziana, nob.: foliis oppositis oblongis, imo obtusis, apice in acumen subacutum constrictis, integris, glabris, chartaceis, utrinque opacis, minutissime pellucido-punctulatis, et granulato-rugulosis, supra flavide viridibus, nervis arcuatim nexis subimmersis, subtus ochraceo- ferrugineis ; petiolo tenui, limbo 30plo breviore: racemo axillari, pedunculato, abortione 2-floro ; floribus subparvis, pedicellatis, fuscis; sepalis extus pilosis et pustulatis, squamulis internis basalibus albis. In Antilles: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Swartz). No particulars are given by Swartz: the branchlet is slender, rugulose, with axils 1 in. apart, it is exstipulate: the leaves are 23-32 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on a very slender petiole 1 line long; the axillary peduncle is 4 lines long, on the summit of which only 2 flowers remain on pedicels, each 14 line long: the 2 outer sepals are 24 lines long, 1 line broad, the 8 inner ones being 14 line long, ? line broad; the tube of the corolla is 24 lines long, 1 line broad, its segments 23 lines long, ? line broad: lobes of disk 4 line long; ovary superior, ? line long; style ? line long. A note in pencil upon the specimen states, “‘ Sepals 4-5; petals 4-5; fruit a 4-5-locular capsule:” the former are probably as much in error as the latter, which cannot be a true statement; for I found the ovary to be 2-celled, and this is confirmed by the 2-lobed stigma. A drawing to illustrate this species and its floral analysis is given, Plate I. p. D2 20 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. THEVETIA. A new species, from Venezuela, is here added to this genus, which nearly approaches the handsome plant described and figured by Mr. Bentham in the Botany of the ‘Sulphur,’ p. 124, tab. 48. I will first, however, explain my view of the carpological structure of the genus, which is not quite exactly described by Prof. DeCandolle in his ‘Prodromus;’ and it is difficult to understand the long description of Dr. Miller in Mart. ‘ Fl. Bras.,’ which is not correct. ; My analysis was made from a plant of 7. ahouai, cultivated in Rio de Janeiro. This species is well figured in Lamarck’s ‘ Illustr.’ tab. 170: the compressed globular ovary 1s pseudo-4-locular, the true dissepiment being across the shorter diameter, having on each side a very broad placentary expansion extending nearly to the wall of the cells in the direction of the longer diameter, thus appearing pseudo-4-celled, a single ovule being peltately attached upon each side of each branch of the placenta. This structure is maintained in the ripe fruit; within the pericarp is a heart-shaped compressed osseous nut, shown ina reversed position in Lamarck’s plate: along the emarginated apex of this nut is a suture, which extends nearly to the base along each edge, into which a knife easily penetrates ; but it requires some force to cut through its more solid base: we thus divide the nut into two plano-convex portions, the division being through the bilamellar placentze: upon the surfaces of the division, on each face a cord of spiral vessels rises from the base, diverges upwards, and is lost at a spot opposite to each seed, and therefore opposite to the hilum of each: around this spot, within the cell, is a deep hollow in the placenta, formed by the pressure of the rounded peltate hilum: the 4 seeds, which fill the spaces of the 4 pseudo-cells, are irregularly globose, flattened on one side around the large convex hilum: the testa is stoutly chartaceous, of a brownish colour, and so firmly attached to the hilum, that it cannot be there detached without rupture; this integument is lined within by a network of snow-white branching threads of the raphe; the inner integument is free, membranaceous, and of a darkish colour, closely investing an embryo, without any trace of albumen, which consists of 2 roundish plano-convex fleshy cotyledons united by a short obtusely conical radicle, projecting horizontally and centrifugally to the outer edge of the cell: this embryo is therefore heterotropous ; i. e. the hilum is laterally placed between the two extremities of the embryo. The new species before mentioned is defined in the following manner :— THEVETIA CALOPHYLLA, nob.: ramulis teretibus brunneo-opacis: foliis alternis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo cuneatis, apice acute acuminatis, chartaceis, marginibus subrevolutis, supra viridibus, opacis, corru- gulatis, ad nervos semiimmersos sulcatulis, subtus opacis, brunnescentibus, corrugulatis, nervis omnino immersis ; petiolo semitereti, limbo 11—-12plo breviore: racemo brevi, terminali, paucifloro ; pedicellis subvalidis, calyce 3plo longioribus; sepalis oblongis, acutis, membranaceis, parallele nervosis ; corollz tubo cylindrico, supra medium ampliore, limbi segmentis 5, tubo dimidio brevi- oribus, dolabriformibus, dextrorsum contortis, cum appendicibus 5 subacutis intra faucem alternis; staminibus 5, sub squamas insitis, inclusis, ex annulo piloso ortis; filamentis brevibus; antheris sine connectivo profunde 2-lobis, lobis imo divaricatis; disco annulari, carnoso; ovario paullo longiore, glabro, 2-loculari ; stylo longo, filiformi, apice in clavunculam cylindricam 10-sulcatam imo ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES., 21 fimbriatim 10-lobam incrassato ; stigmatibus 2, acutis, terminalibus. In Venezuela: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Valle la Cura (Moritz 1158). The axils of the branchlets are 4 in. apart; the leaves are 54-6 in. long, 13-12 in. broad, on a petiole } in. long: the peduncle of the raceme is shorter than the petiole, 3—4-flowered; the pedicels 5 lines long; the sepals 2 lines long; the tube of the corolla is 10 lines long, its segments 5 lines long, 24 lines broad. The particulars of the floral structure of this plant, and a copious analysis of the fruit and seed of the Linnean species, are given in Plate IV. a. Miller, in Linn. xxx. 392, describes another new species from Paraguay (Weddell 3112), under the name of Thevetia cornuta. ASPIDOSPERMA. This genus, established by Martius in 1824, consists of numerous species, 19 of which were enumerated by Prof. DeCandolle in 1854, and 30 others, soon after, described by Dr. Miiller. They are generally trees of considerable size, yielding valuable hard white woods, known in Brazil as “‘ marfim”? (ivory), ‘‘ peroba,” and “ piquia;”’ they have generally alternate or crowded leaves, and an inflorescence of extremely small flowers, in the struc- ture of which there is nothing that calls for remark, except that the estivation was stated by DeCandolle, in error, to be of dextrorse convolution, instead of sinistrorse as more correctly shown by Miiller, and that the disk, small, annular, and adhering to the ovaries, is sometimes evanescent. The structure of the fruit and seeds is very peculiar, and has hardly been correctly described. I have added here an analytical drawing of that of A. Gomezianum, A. DC., which I gathered and examined in 1835, in Rio de Janeiro, which will serve as an illustration of the carpological features of the genus. The fruit, normally, should consist of 2 follicles; but I do not remember an instance where both are perfected; and it is certain that generally one is abortive. In A. Gomezianum this follicle, about 2 in. long, is of an obovoid form, much compressed, somewhat convex on both faces, the pericarp, being hard, almost ligneous, much rounder along the ventral edge, in the line of which the dehiscence takes place by a suture which occupies $ of the whole periphery; and on the external faces a curved ridge is seen extending from one end of the suture to the other: hence it happens that, as the suture gapes open, the pericarp assumes the form of 2 valves, remaining united along the dorsal edge, when within each valve are seen 4 seeds (8 in all) extremely flat, closely applied to each other, of an oval form, filling the internal cavity, each having a flattened oval embryoniferous scutcheon surrounded by a broad membranaceous wing; in the centre, on one side of this scutcheon, is seen a small hilum, attached to one end of a long slender funicle, the other end of which emanates from the inner margin of the suture at the summit, and each seed is thus suspended; but as the hilum is invariably placed on the side furthest from its corresponding valve, the funicles of the 4th and 5th seeds touch one another, and all have an aspect towards the axis: the scutcheon, which is thinly chartaceous and indehiscent, is filled by a free, compressed body of thin pergamineous texture, which appears to me a thin albumen, as it bears no indication of a chalaza, which 22 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, it should do if it were the inner integument: this albumen contains an embryo of equal length and breadth, consisting of 2 fleshy foliaceous oval cotyledons, deeply cordate at their summit, and furnished in the sinus with a superior terete radicle about 3 of their Jength. It has been hitherto considered that the seeds in this genus have no albumen; but I think its presence is here manifested. Species excluded and otherwise referred : — AsPIDOSPERMA RAMIFLORUM, Miill. J. c. p. 55: referred to Geissospermum. NITIDUM, Mill. p. 59 » Thyroma. —— poLynevrum, Mill. p. 57 a» 33 —— parvirotium, Mill. p. 57 ” ” — conpytocarPum, Miill. p. 55 a ” —— Settowt, Miill. p. 56 2 » —— Rrepeui, Miill. p. 56 » ” —— sico.or, A. DC. p. 397 ” 0 —— Laorzxranum, Mill. p. 60 xy 3 —— anomatum, Mill. p. 61 3 55 —— sessiFLorum, Mill. Linnea, xxx. p. 399 53 35 cyLinDRocaKPuMm, Miill. p. 54: probably belonging to Strempeliopsis. A drawing of AsprposPERMA GOMEZIANUM, its inflorescence, its floral analysis, its follicle, and details of its carpological structure are shown in Plate IIT. a. THYROMA. When examining the Hippocrateacee in the Hookerian herbarium in 1865, I observed a specimen from the island of Trinidad, named, in the handwriting of Dr. Grisebach, “ Hippocratea neurocarpa Griseb.;” but this name was not included among the species of that genus in his ‘Flora Br. W. Ind.’ (1864). In that work, however (p. 411), I found the same plant described by him as Aspidosperma sessiflora, Mill. On referring to Miiller’s description of the same in Linn. xxx. 399 (1860), I was satisfied that it corre- sponded well with Grisebach’s plant, also from Trinidad, from Sieber’s collection. I found in the same herbarium another specimen, from the island of 8S. Vincente, under the handwriting of Grisebach, of Hippocratea neurocarpa, also in fruit. The examination of the flowers and fruits convinced me that they belonged to a new genus, near Aspido- sperma, and then named by me Thyroma*, the characters of which were at that time fully described. Tuyroma, nob.: Aspidosperma (in parte), Mill.; Hippocratee sp., Griseb.: Flores parvi, breviter pedi- cellati; sepala 5, imo in cupulam crassam connata, oblonga, acuta, crassiuscula, imbricata, quorum 2 exteriora, intus squamula ciliolata, seepe obsoleta munita, immutata persistentia. Corolla calyce 2-8plo longior, tubo subcylindrico, crassiusculo, intus sub medium piloso, fauce squamulis 5 carno- sulis segmentis oppositis apice conniventibus munito, segmentis 5 tubo 3-4plo brevioribus, ovatis aut oblongis, carnosis, glabris, vix expansis, valde imbricatis et simpliciter sinistrorsum convolutis. * From @ipa (janua), Guoos (similis), from the resemblance of its follicular capsule to two adjoining doors hinged and folded together. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 23 Stamina 5, supra medium ad annulum pilosum inserta ; filamenta brevissima, tenuia, glabra ; anthere faucem attingentes, subulate, imo cordate, connectivo excurrente apiculate, conniventes. Discus brevis, tenuiter cylindraceus, glaber, ovariis dimidio brevior. Ovaria 2, vix coherentia, minima, imo disco adglutinata, superne valde pilosa: ovula pauca, superposita, funiculo brevi affixa: stylus tenuis, glaber ; clavuncula stamina attingens, majuscula, globosa, carnosa, seepe colorata, glabra: stigmata 2, terminalia, setosa, patentia, pilis patentibus basalibus munita. olliculus solitarius (an semper ?), calycis fundo stipitatus, unilateraliter oblonge subquadratus, compressissimus, utrinque planus, margine dorsali recto et mucronato, coriaceus, pro ? peripherii ad marginem ventralem replum simulans subtumidus, et hinc modo silique hians, 1-locularis (hoc modo schedas 2 dorso cardinatas fingens). Semina 4, interdum plura, compressissima, oblonga, una extremitate scuto embryonifero truncata, altera pro dimidia parte ala membranacea signata, per paria inter schedas posita, quorum unum est cum scuto supero, alterum inverse infero, omnibus, in facie scuti ad axem spectante hilo centrali donatis, hinc funiculis totidem horizontalibus appensis, alternatim inversis et a replo marginali ortis: scuéa hoc modo alternatim inversa, oblique ovata subchartacea, singula embryonifera. Albumen (integumentum simulans) subpergamineum, ad scutum semiadherens ; embryo inclusus, equilongus, e cotyledonibus ovatis foliaceis profundius oblique cordatis, radicula in sinu equilonga tereti, alternatim infera aut supera 5plo breviore, semper ad medium suture oblique spectante. Frutices Antillani et Brasilienses ramis subscandentibus : folia opposita aut sub- alterna, oblonga, integra, glabra, breviter petiolata : panicule subbreves, axillares, ramose corymbosa, multiflore. 1. THyRoMA sESsILIFLORA, nob.: Aspidosperma sessiliflorum, Mull. Linn. xxx. 399; Griseb. W. Ind. Fl. p. 411: Hippocratea neurocarpa, Griseb. MS. In Antilles: v. s. in hb. Hook. in ins. Trinidad (Sieber 53, in flore) ; ejusd. loco, sine nom. in fructu, sub Hippocratea neurocarpa, Griseb. ; in ins. 8. Vincente (Guilding, in fructu). I have not changed Dr. Miiller’s specific name, although each flower of its panicle is supported on a pedicel longer than the calyx: the axils of its lenticellated branchlets are 3-1 in. apart: the oblong obtuse opposite leaves, sometimes alternate, shining green above, yellowish opake below, are 24-3 in. long, 12-16 lines broad, on a petiole 2-8 lines long: the axillary panicle is 13-2 in. long, its alternate branches, closely approxi- mated, have still more closely ramified branchlets bearing few subagglomerated flowers, on stout 5-grooved short pedicels with 3 approximated minute bracteoles: the erect ciliolated sepals are 1} line long: the tube of the corolla is 14 line long, the segments of the border $ line long, concave, obtusely oblong, thickish, with the left margin con- voluted; the roundish fleshy scales in the mouth of the corolla are distinct, opposite the segments, above and alternate with the anthers, whose apiculated summits are scarcely exserted, and which are 3 line long; the style is terminated by a globose gland and 2 minute stigmata. The fructiferous rachis is 1 in. long; its pedicels 2-3 lines long ; the flat follicle is 14 lines long, 7 lines broad: the seeds are 13 lines long, 5 lines broad, attached to the marginal replum as before described, 2 on each valve, one with a superior, the other with an inferior scutcheon 8 lines long, 5 lines broad, the embryo filling its space; the oval cotyledons, cleft at their base obliquely, have a narrow sinus 2 lines deep, in which the terete radicle is seen, always pointing to the middle of the external margin of the follicle. A drawing of this species in flower and in fruit, showing its floral analysis, with ex- planatory figures of its peculiar carpological structure, are given in Plate III. z. 24 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 2. THyRoma DECIPIENS, nob.: Aspidosperma decipiens, Miill. J. c. p. 398. In Venezuela; v. s. in herd. meo et aliorum Rio Maypure, Rio Orinoco (Spruce 3657). A species near the preceding, with slender verruculose branches, having opposite, or by abortion alternate axils, 3-4 lines apart: the oblong-ovate leaves, with rounded or emarginated summits, are 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, on a slender petiole 3 lines long; they are shining and glabrous above, with about 15 pairs of nerves, yellowish opake beneath, obsoletely tomentous under a lens, with prominent midrib and nerves: the panicle is 6 lines long, with about 4 alternate branches 3 lines long, bearing few flowers on very short pedicels; the structure of the flower as in the foregoing species. 3. Tuyroma NitTIDA, nob.: Aspidosperma nitidum, Benth. MS.; Miiller in Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 26. p. 59. In Amazonas: v. s. in hd. meo et alior. Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1657). A species, compared with the two former, inaptly called nitida: the axils of the sub- angular verruculose branchlets are 4-3 in. apart: the opposite leaves, often alternate, are oblong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, with somewhat revolute margins, are 25-3 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on a petiole 33-4 lines long, they are green, subopake above, closely impressed-punctate, and with about 16 pairs of nerves, of a yellowish dirty white beneath, with an impressed scrobiculate surface, with prominent midrib and sulcated nerves: the axillary panicle, densely corymbose, on a bifurcated peduncle 4 lines long, bearing 2 capitate heads of small flowers, 4-5 lines in diameter; the pedicels are ? line long, with 3 short ciliated bracts at base: the oval subacute sepals, puberulous outside, are 2 line long; the corolla, 2 lines long, has a tube half that length, with border- segments lanceolate-oblong, nearly erect, subfleshy and sinistrorsely convoluted ; disk, ovary, style, and stigma as in the typical species. 4, THYROMA POLYNEURA, nob.: Aspidosperma polyneurum, Mill. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2. c. p. 57. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in hb. Hook. (Sellow 632), Corcovado (Gardn. 5363). A tree 80 feet high, giving a useful timber called “ peroba,” with a bitter bark: the specific name was applied because of its numerous fine parallel nerves, about 60 pairs, united by a common line within the revolute margin, and with fine reticulations between them: the leaves, sometimes subopposite, more often alternate, are glabrous, sub- membranaceous, elliptic, obtuse at the summit, gradually acute below, 24-34 in. long, Z-1 in. broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long: the panicle is 9-10 lines long, with few branches and few flowers; the pedicel is 1 line long, the calyx 2 line, corolla 3 lines long, tube narrowed gradually below, puberulous outside, retrorsely pilose inside, with 5 oblong obtuse erect segments, sinistrorsely convoluted, pilose within, 3 length of tube; 5 small scales within the mouth of the tube opposite the segments ; 5 short stamens beneath and alternate with the scales, anthers cordate at the base, on very short filaments: follicle single, very much flattened, straight on the dorsal side, semioblong on the other, both ends acute, 15-21 lines long, 44—5 lines broad; seeds scutellate and tomentellous at the upper moiety, broadly winged and glabrous below. 5. Tuyroma Setuowi, nob.: Aspidosperma Sellowii, Mill. ibid. p.56. In Brasilia meridionali: v. s. in hb. Hook. (Sellow 1204). The leaves are like those of the preceding, but with only 10 pairs of immersed nerves, ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES. 25 2 in. long, 9 lines broad, on petioles 4 lines long: the panicle is 5 lines long, the peduncle 1 line, the pedicels 4 line, the lanceolate sepals 4 line, the corolla 2 lines long, its obtuse oblong segments $ length of tube, all cano-tomentose; buccal scales and anthers as in the preceding species; style terminated by a large oblong gland and 2 small stigmata: the follicle very much flattened, acute at the summit, narrowing below, is 13 in. long, 5 lines broad, 4 line thick; the seeds, subtomentose, slightly imbricating, with the winged moiety pointing downwards, are 12 lines long, 34 lines broad; the superior embryoniferous scutcheon, 4 lines long, has the funicle attached in its centre, in a horizontal direction, 2 lines long, emanating from the placentiferous margins of the follicle, as in the preceding; owing to the abortion of the lower ovules, all the seeds have a superior scutcheon. 6. THyRoMa BicoLoR, nob.: Aspidosperma bicolor, Mart. Nov. Gen. i. p. 60; A. DC. 7. ¢. p. 397 ; Mill. 7. c. p. 54. In Piauhy (non vidi). A species with squarrose branches and a solid bark; leaves obovate, roundly obtuse at the summit, rather acute at the base, glabrous above, cinereo-tomentose beneath, with about 10 pairs of nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, subreticulate; cymes short, sparsely cano-pubescent, sepals ovate, subacute, pubescent; follicles. obliquely oblong, obtuse at the apex, with the dorsal margin in the axis straight and mucronulated, 13 in. long, 64-7 lines pees seeds ovoid oblong, with an eccentric scutcheon wherein the hilum is placed at 4 the length of the seed from the a extremity, with a narrow rangi clecacices answering to Thyroma. 7. Tayroma Luorzxiana, nob.: Aspidosperma Lhotzkianum, Mill. l. c. p. 60. In prov. Minas Geraés (non vidi). A species noted for its very minute flowers, forming a shrub 6-8 feet high ; and Miller remarks that it resembles no other species of Aspidosperma; its spreading branches are extremely slender, subflexuous, cinereous; leaves elliptic, obtuse, or obtusely rounded at the summit, subacute at the base, glabrous above, with about 12 pairs of slender nerves, with others short and intermediate, very reticulated, glaucous below and obsoletely puberulous, 24-4 in. long, 13-34 in. broad, on adpressedly puberulous petioles 24 lines long; cymes lateral, umbelliform, laxly and divaricately branched, puberulous, many- flowered ; pedicels twice as long as the calyx; sepals obtusely ovate, puberulous, ciliated, 8 line long; corolla less than 2 lines long, yellowish green, its tube 1} line long, segments broadly ovate, obtuse, the margins inflected; ovaries glabrous. 8. Toyroma paRviFOLiA, nob.: Aspidosperma parvifolium, A. DC. U. c. p. 398 ; Mill. 2. c. p. 57, tab. 17. In prov. S. Paulo (non vidi). A tall tree, much branched, young branchlets covered with a deep-red tomentum ; leaves lanceolate, spathulate, obtuse, gradually narrowed towards the petiole, fuscous above, glabrous, or very tomentous beneath in the younger ones, with 8-10 pairs of horizontally spreading red nerves, 23 in. long, 6-74 lines broad, on petioles 1 line long; cyme lateral, about as long as the leaves, on a peduncle 3-4 lines long, shortly and E 26 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. bifidly branched, each branchlet bearing about 4 red flowers 34 lines long; pedicels 2 line long; sepals $ line long, acutely ovate, ferruginously hirsutulous; tube of corolla 24 lines long, ovate segments % line long, } line broad; no apparent disk ; ovaries semiglobular, pubescent at the apex; style short, with an oblong clavuncle. 9. Tayroma Riepetit, nob,: Aspidosperma Riedelii, Mill. J. c. p. 56. In prov. S. Paulo, prope Ypanéma (Riedel 119 et 2771): non vidi. A shrub 4-6 feet high, with widely spreading branches; leaves lanceolate, roundly obtuse, spathulately narrowed towards the petiole, shining and glabrous ahove, of a dark olive colour, with 7-10 pairs of straight diverging nerves, reticulated, paler beneath, 1-12 in. long, 23-5 lines broad, on petioles 5 lines long; cyme terminal, short, obsoletely puberulous, formed of numerous aggregated pedicels 3} lines long; sepals linear, obtusely liguliform, reflexed at the apex, 1? line long; flower 2} lines long; tube of corolla broadly cylindrical, angular above, cinereo-puberulous, segments obtusely ovate with inflexed margins, glabrous outside, half as long as the tube; follicles obliquely ovoid, obtuse, suddenly narrowed towards the base, 1 in. long, 7 lines broad; seeds ovate, narrowly winged, 8 lines long, with an embryo enclosed in the scutcheon. A species said to approach Z. Sellowi and 7. parvifolia. STREMPELIOPSIS. A genus established in 1876 by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker, its characters being little known : only one species is noticed. 1, SrremPetiopsis cuBEeNsis, Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 702: Rauwolfia strempelioides, Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 170: in herb. Hook. (non vidi). All that is said regarding this is, that it is an erect, branching, glabrous shrub, with 2 minute stipules at the axils, opposite penninerved leaves, terminal cymes with numerous small flowers ; sepals 5, ovate, biauriculate at the base, eglandulous; corolla salvershaped; tube cylindrical, without buccal scales, pilose within; segments short, obtuse, sinistrorsely convoluted, suberect; stamens included in the tube, on very short filaments, anthers free, acutely lanceolate, emarginated at the base; disk none; ovaries 2; style short, with an ovoidly globose clavuncle terminated by 2 short obtuse stigmata ; ovules many in each carpel, biserial; follicles 2, erect or diverging, linear, subterete ; seeds in 2 series, elongated, very compressed, with a very narrow acute wing at each extremity, with a central hilum to which they are affixed by a long filiform funicle. PLUMERIA. This handsome genus requires little notice, as its species have been fully described, and many of them well illustrated. They are all of Peruvian, Mexican, or Brazilian origin, 30 of them being enumerated by DeCandolle, and 15 others by Miiller. They are mostly lofty trees or tall erect shrubs, much branched, the trunks affording a solid wood, the branch- ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 27 lets stout and fistulous, all yielding an abundant milky juice; they have alternate imbri- cated leaves, generally large, upon petioles articulated at the base, which soon fall off from the branchlets, leaving them closely studded with cicatrices; this disposition to disjunction of the parts is so marked, that we seldom find an entire specimen in herbaria. The inflorescence is terminal upon a long peduncle, having several alternate branchlets, dichotomously divided, and bearing many handsome pedicellated flowers, which are generally scarlet or rose-coloured ; the tube of the corolla is slender ; the segments, nearly its length, are spathulately and dextrorsely convoluted in estivation. The fruit consists of 2 horizontally divaricated follicles nearly the shape and size of the pods of the com- mon broad bean, and they open by a ventral suture, the margins of which are intro- flexed to form a single lamellar plate, which bears on both sides many imbricated seeds; these are oblong, flat, thickened, and truncated at one end into an embryoniferous scutcheon, and expanded at the opposite extremity into a long coriaceous lacerated wing, which points to the base of the follicle: they are furnished in the middle of the scutcheon on one face with a hilum, by which it is peltately attached to the placental lamina in 2 or 8 closely imbricated rows, without the intervention of any funicles. A thin corneous albumen fills the cell of each scutcheon, enclosing a heterotropous embryo, of 2 foliaceous cotyledons and a terete radicle many times shorter, which points to the summit of the follicle. Some of the species furnish a large, solid, durable timber; the “ sucuuba””’ for instance, from the Amazons, is of a reddish-brown colour, hard and close-grained, and used in shipbuilding, the timber sometimes 60 feet long and 4 feet in diameter; others give a smaller timber, useful for cabinet work. CAMERARIA. A genus established by Plumier in 1708, and adopted by Linneus 50 years afterwards. It must not be confounded with the Cameraria of Aublet, now belonging to Malouetia. Although very different from it, this is nearly allied to Plumeria. It consists of only 2 species, both natives of the West Indies, one of which is a tall tree with many dichotomous branches, bearing opposite leaves and yielding a milky juice; the leaves are smallish, horizontally spreading, ovate-oblong, acuminated, entire, with numerous extremely close horizontally parallel nerves, and petiolated. It has axillary racemes on a peduncle 4 in. long, dichotomously branched above, bearing few pubescent flowers on long pedicels: the tube of the corolla is slender; its segments, somewhat longer than it, are oblong acute with dextrorse convolution: follicles 2, horizontally divaricated, oblong and broadly auriculated at the base;: they open by a ventral suture, the margins of which are intro- flexed and placentiferous, as in Plumeria, and in like manner bearing several peltate seeds closely attached imbricately in a single series, winged at one extremity, which points to the summit of the funicle, contrary to the direction in Plumeria. I cannot see where Miller (in Linn. xxx. 401) confounded Cameraria with Skytanthus hancorniefolia, as Bentham and Hooker imply (Gen. ii. 701); this mistake is repeated in page 704, under Skytanthus. B2 28 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. ConDYLOCARPON. The following new species may be added to nine others enumerated by Dr. Miller, which will afford a few more particulars regarding the peculiar structure of the genus :— ConpYLOCARPON GRACILE, nob.: scandens, ramulis tenuibus teretibus, fuscis, striolatis, lenticellato- verruculosis, ad axillas vaginula crassissima prominente nodosis: foliis oppositis, ovatis, imo obtusis, apice in acumen subbreve recurvatum subito constrictis, marginibus revolutis, sub- coriaceis, supra profunde viridibus, opacis, nervis recte divergentibus et arcuatim nexis semi- immersis, subtus pallidis, opacis, punctulis albis leprosis minute granulatis, costa nervisque promi- nulis ; petiolis tenuibus, profunde canaliculatis, limbo 5-7plo brevioribus, ad nodum prominentem insitis, sepius recurvatis: paniculis axillaribus, folio 2-8plo longioribus, late, laxe, iterumque divisis; pedunculo tenui, folio zquilongo, vel breviore, apice verticillatim ramoso; ramis 2-5, longissimis, gracillimis, divaricatis, iterumque pluridivisis; ramulis subcapillaribus, ultimis alter- natim 5-6-floris; bracteolis minutis, membranaceis, ciliatis; pedicellis tenuissimis, calyce 5—6plo longioribus ; floribus parvis: frictu pendulo, lomentis geminis, longissimis, 6~8-lobis, lobis isthmis anguste interceptis, acute ellipticis, valde compressis mono-dispermis. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo in flore (n. 8086) et fructu (n. 4019), ad Magé, Freixal, et Iguassi. A species easily distinguished by its nodose axils, its very laxly spreading inflores- cence, with almost capillary ramifications. The branchlets are ? line thick, with axils 38-5 in. apart, swollen by a thickened interpetiolar cup, upon the margin of which the petioles are seated: the leaves are 13-3} in. long, #-14 in. broad, on a petiole 4-6 lines long: the panicles are opposite, 5-6 in.-long, 6-8 in. broad; peduncle slender, 1-2 in. long, the very slender primary branches 13 in. long, the secondary and tertiary branch- lets gradually shorter; pedicels 1 line long; sepals 4 line long, membranaceous, ciliate ; tube of corolla 1 line long, segments of border twice as long as the tube, spathulately orbicular, mucronated, expanded horizontally on the sinister margin, which is mem- branaceous, translucent, closely spotted with red dots; stamens seated at the base of the short tube; disk, none visible; ovaries ovate, collateral ; style extremely short and thick, with a globose clavuncle; 2 stigmata, small, acute, pilose. Loments 6-8 in. long, strangu- lated into 6 or 8 flattened, elliptic, indehiscent lobes 2 in. broad, costately nerved on the dorsal face, 1-sulcated on the ventral side along the line of the intruding placenta; pericarp hard, thickly pithy on the edges: seed fusiform, 6 lines long, 14 line broad, deeply sulcated for the reception of the placenta; testa black, corrugulated, with a white linear hilum 2 lines long, in the middle of the furrow. A drawing of this species, showing its floral and carpological analyses, is given in Plate IV. B. MANOoTHRIX. This genus is proposed for two Brazilian plants which I collected in the Organ Mountains in 1827; it approaches Craspidospermum in its fruit and ecomose seeds. A single flower was found upon one of them; and the other was simply fructiferous. The genus is remark- able for the peculiar structure of the hairs, of a reddish colour, which cover the seeds, and which, seen under the microscope, exhibit a capillary thread in the axis, from which, ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 29 at irregular alternate intervals, a thick short line extends horizontally, terminating in an external hook; between these intervals are a number of very fine cross parallel lines, somewhat slanting, seeming like a long continuous spiral transparent cell, winding round the axis, giving it a somewhat ladder-like appearance, a structure almost unique*. These hairs do not emanate from an apical coronal ring, as in the Echitee, but from numerous seabrid points all over the surface of the testa, which bear the hairs, the lower ones being very short, gradually lengthening upwards, the upper hairs exceeding the length of the seed. The floral characters are founded on the examination of the single flower above-mentioned. Manorturix, nob.: Flores subparvi: calyx parvus, imo cupularis, margine in lacinias acutas 5-fidus: corolla tubularis, extus glabra, tubo imo paullo angustiore, ad medium constricto, intus infra constrictionem annulo lato densissime piloso, imo glabro, superne ventricoso, utrinque glabro, parallele nervoso, subplicato, segmentis 5, paullo brevioribus, obtuse oblongis, dextrorsum con- volutis: stamina ex annulo ‘piloso orta, segmentis alterna ; filamenta compressa, linearia, retrorsum pilosa, erecto-conniventia, longitudine antherarum; anthere angustate, subexserte, in conum coherentes, cornez, acuminate, dorso pruinose, antice paullo sub medium et infra locellos pollini- feros glandula puberula munite, et hinc ad filamenta affixe, imo in furcas 2 breves obtusas vix fisse: ovarium parvum, conice oblongum, pilosum, calyce suffultum, 2-loculare: stylus tenuis, stamina attingens, apice valde incrassatus, et viseosus, staminibus adherens; stigmata 2, breviter setacea, terminalia. Fructus capsularis, 2-locularis, conice cylindricus, 2-sulcatus, in sulcis sep- ticidus, valvis ad axin centralem dehiscentibus, marginibus introrsum inflexis et placentiferis: semina numerosa, hilo ventrali ad placentas affixa, imbricata; testa fusiformis, scabrida, pilis forma peculiari vestita, inferioribus brevibus, gradatim longioribus, sub apicem longissimis, erecte sparsis : embryo in albumine copioso, parvus, cotyledonibus ovatis, radicula 4plo breviore, superne spectante. Frutices Brasilienses, ramulis fistulosis, ad axillas plus minusve transversim nodosis: folia oppo- ‘sita, elliptica, petiolata: racemi brevissimé pedunculati; pedunculo paucifloro, pedicellis tenuibus brevibus. 1. ManoraRix vaLipa, nob.: ramulis’ crassiusculis, fistulosis, opace brunneis, interrupte striatis, glabris, lenticellatis, axillis oppositis, vix nodosis, linea transversali sulcata nexis: foliis ellipticis, imo canaliculatim recurvis et acutis, apice in acumen acutum subito constrictis, marginibus subrevolutis, glaberrimis, rigidule chartaceis, supra fusco-viridibus, opacis, minutissime granulatis, nervis omnino immersis, subtus pallide opacis, rugulosis, enerviis, costa striolata vix prominula; petiolo fusco, canaliculato, imo crassiore, limbo 14plo breviore: racemis fructiferis et terminalibus brevibus, pedunculo cicatricibus 3-4 notato, unico fructifero persistente: capsula subsessili, subcylindrica, 2-sulcata, apice attenuata, 2-nodosa; pericarpio sublignoso, opace granuloso, glabro, imo calyce aucto suffulto; caeteris ut in char. gen. In Brasilia: v. v. e¢ sicc. in Ab. meo (n. 2052) in montibus Organensibus. I found this species later in the same year than the following one, without flowers : its branches are 2~3 lines thick, with axils #-1 in. apart; the leaves are 33 in. long, 1? in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long. The capsule is terminal on short lateral branchlets, or on the main stem, upon a short thickened peduncle 4 lines long, marked by 3 or 4 crowded cicatrices of others that have fallen, perhaps prematurely: this capsule is 24 in. * Whence the generic name, pavés (rarus), Opté (capilla). 30 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. long, 8 lines broad in the wider, 4 lines broad in the narrower direction, being somewhat compressed and 2-grooved; it is seated on the persistent calyx, and terminates in 2 small rounded lobes; when ripe, it splits along the grooves, and through the dissepiment, into two follicle-like moieties, each again dehiscing along the median line of the much thinner dissepiment, where its margins are inflected within the cell, to form 2 linear placentze, to which the numerous seeds are attached by a linear ventral hilum; these _ placentee, 2 in each moiety, are 23 in. long, 1 line broad, submembranous, studded with the points of attachment of the seeds, which are linear, compressed, acute and setaceous at the base, 14 line long, + line broad, flat, red, covered with scabrid points, each supporting a reddish rigid hair of peculiar structure, the lower shorter hairs } line long, gradually longer upwards; the upper longer hairs are very numerous, 6 lines long, and extending 5 lines beyond the apex; the albumen is small, oblong in shape, enclosing an embryo with 2 oval fleshy cotyledons, with a small terete superior radicle + of their length. From the different habit of the two plants here described, we might infer that they are the types of two distinct new genera; but as they were found within the same region, and agree in their veinless opposite leaves seated below the level of the transverse line that crosses the nodes, and in their fistulose branches, I have ventured to regard them as two species of the same genus, one furnishing the elements of the floral structure, the other presenting the characters of the fruit and seeds; this, however, remains to be confirmed. A drawing of this species, with a carpological analysis, is given in Plate V. a. 2. Manorurix noposa, nob.: volubilis, ramulis tenuiter virgatis, subangulatis, striolatis, fistulosis, glabris ; axillis remotis, transversim incrassatis et nodosis: foliis oppositis, infra nodos insertis, ellipticis, imo obtuse acutis, apice in acumen cuspidatum attenuatis, integris, submembranaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, costa tenui nervisque tenuissimis immersis, venis nullis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, costa rubescente nervisque immersis, petiolum versus minute 2-glandulosis ; petiolo tenui, recurvato, limbo 9plo breviore: racemo axillari; pedunculo subbrevi, crassiusculo crebre bracteolato, bracteolis imbricatis, ovatis, glabris, mox deciduis, paucifloro; pedicello tenui brevissimo; floris structura ut in char. gen. In Brasilia: v. v. et sicc. in hb. meo (n. 2044), in montibus Organensibus. The flexuose branchlets are ? line thick, with axils 5 in. apart and 2 lines thick across the nodes: the leaves are 3-34 in. long, 13—14 in. broad, on recurving petioles 4-5 lines long: the pedicel is 1 line long; the calyx 2 lines long; the tube of the corolla is 54 lines long, its obtuse segments 35 lines long, 2 lines broad; the filaments are 1 line long; the anthers 3 lines long, anteriorly fixed above the sinus of the basal lobes. A drawing of this species, giving the floral analysis, is seen in Plate V. B. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 31 Trine TABERNZMONTANEA. This tribe is here restricted within more precise limits than those employed by De Candolle. Its chief character resides in its 2 broad spreading follicles dehiscing along the ventral suture, which is bent inwards and placentiferous on both margins; the seeds all present similar characters to those explained under Peschiera, being half-immersed in a soft fleshy substance shown to be a funicle—a fact of great importance, a struc- ture, as far as we yet know, peculiar to this tribe. Its numerous species are in- coherently classified by Miller, being confounded by him in the single genus Taber- nemontana, and placed in his tribe Plumeriee. The following clavis shows the dif- ferential features of the genera into which the South-American and Mexican species are here divided. A. Estivation of corolla sinistrorse : leaves opposite. a. Disk, none. 1. Tube of corolla very slender, cylindrical, swollen at the base, and there staminigerous, segments shorter than the tube, and simply contorted ; follicles subovoid and muricated 3) GE OR aE Se does Gh ce 2 Peschiera: 6. Disk cylindrical, often short, wholly adnate to the lower portions of the ovaries. 2. Tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen below the contracted mouth, and there staminigerous, segments long and narrow with a peculiar introflexed esti- vation, and descending into the mouth of the tube ; follicles oblong, gibbously curved, smooth . . . . x . Bonafousia. 3. Tube of corolla slender, votbideiead,. a little swollen 3 in ‘ie feo, deere dolabriform simply convoluted; stamens slender, of a bluish tinge, always more or less exserted in the apex; follicles smooth, arcuated . . . . . Tabernemontana. 4. Tube of corolla stouter, cylindrical, swollen in the middle and there stamini- gerous; anthers subcoherent in a cone; follicles oblong, arcuate, smooth . Taberna. 5. Calyx long, tubular, with a 5-toothed margin; tube of corolla stoutish, cylindrical, constricted in the middle and there staminigerous; anthers slender, free; disk half length of ovaries, with a denticulated margin ; follicles ovate, apiculated, smooth . . . . . . «sw. es « « Codonemma. c. Disk cupshaped, half length of ovaries. 6. Tube of corolla cylindrical, stoutish, fleshy, constricted in the middle, above which it is staminigerous; anthers free, slender ; follicles ovate and muri- cated asin Peschiera . 2. 1. 7 1 6 we ew ee ee eee ~Phrissocarpus. d. Disk cylindrical, truncated, fleshy, wholly or partially concealing the ovaries. 7. Tube of corolla gradually swelling from below the mouth, segments oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube, inflected at 4 of their height, and descending within the mouth of the tube; follicles gibbously oblong, com- pressed, smooth . . . . eS . Anacampta. 8. Tube of corolla short, re ana sheily ‘euollen m the jaa nertaits 32 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. nearly as long, obtusely linear, oblong erect, simply convoluted in zestiva- tion, in the form of a spire; branches fistulous; leaves large, rigid, with a peculiarpetiolo « = » «© «© « = ¢ # » = % # & & 4 we woe Rhigospira. e. Disk of 5 free erect emarginated lobes partly adhering by their margins. 9. Calyx of 5 large, oblong, membranaceous sepals, having within at their base a corona of many series of scales; corolla large, with a broad funnel-shaped tube; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube . . - - - + + + > Stemmadenia. f. Disk of 5 very small free lobes. 10. Tube of corolla cylindrical, stoutish, slightly constricted below the middle, segments spathulately oblong, nearly as long as the tube, quite deflected, half introflected in zstivation ; follicles subglobose, stipitated, and more or less retrorsely apiculated . . . . . 1 2 ee +e + ee t+ + Merizadenia. B. Aistivation of corolla dextrorse. _g. Disk none, or subobsolete ; leaves opposite. 11. Tube of corolla slender, cylindrical, a little swollen below the constricted mouth, segments oblong, gibbous, elongated, with the zstivation of Bona- fousia; stamens included in the swollen portion of the tube - . . - - Anartia. h. Disk pilose, concealing the ovaries; leaves alternate. 12. Tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen below the mouth; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; follicles oblong, pointed, spreading, smooth, sub- indehiscent. . . 2. 0 ee eee ew ee ew ee ee ee Geissospermum. To this tribe may be referred the following genera belonging to the Old World :— Piptolena, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 357, 8. Africa. Orchipeda, ,, “g p. 358, Java. Voacanga, 3 - p. 857, Madagascar. Urceola, * se p. 358, Sumatra. Roupelia, Hook. Niger Flora, p. 449, Africa. PESCHIERA. This valid genus, established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, was reduced, in 1860, to a mere section of Tabernemontana by Dr. Miller, who did not rightly observe its chief and constant peculiarities. It is readily distinguished from Tabernemontana, Taberna, and Bonafousia by the slender tube of the corolla, always broader at its base, and there staminigerous, by the absence of a disk, by its ovaries free to their base, by its short style, and especially by its muricated or granular follicles. There is another peculiarity first noticed by me in 1836, when I was fortunately able to examine the fruit in a living state: the densely echinated follicle bursts along the convex ventral suture, gaping widely to allow the escape of its several seeds, which fall out suspended from the sutural placentze by a thick, soft, coloured funicle of more than double their length, which at its lower end is attached to the hilum of the seed, placed in the middle of its deeply channelled ventral face, by which means the seeds remain suspended in the air. This ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 33 significant fact determines the nature of the pulpy substance that partially envelops the seeds in all the Tabernemontanee, and which has been erroneously regarded as an arillus. Pescurera, A. DC.: Tabernemontana (in parte) auct.: Sepala 5, subimbricata, subparva, seepius lanceo- lata, submembranacea, intus squamula basali plurilacinulata munitis: corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus anguste cylindricus, imo paullo inflatus et staminigerus ; segmenta dolabriformia tubo triplo breviora, zstivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina gracillime elongata; filamenta tenuia, circa basin tubi inserta; anthere conniventes, fere liber, apice cuspidate, imo tenuiter biaristatz., Discus nullus. Ovaria 2, oblonga, usque ad basin libera. Stylus brevis, filiformis : clavuncula incrassata, cylindvice 5-angulata, apice breviter 5-dentata, glandulis 10 linearibus signata, basi membrana lacerata suffulta. Stigmata 2, terminalia, breviter subulata. Folliculi 2, divaricati, ovati vel oblongi, rarius rostrati, undique crebre muricati, vel aspere granosi, sutura ventrali late hiantes, sutura utrinque inflexa et placentifera. Semina plurima, compresse obovata, dorso parallele costata, ventre profunde canaliculata, marginibus elevatis sensim evanescentibus, et medium versus hilo oblongo signato, superne planata et chalaza parva fusca notata: testa pergaminea: integumen- tum internum tenuissimum, coalitum. Albumen conforme, carnoso-corneum. Embryo heterotropus, zquilongus: cotyledones 2, ovati, tenuissime foliacei, adpressi; radicula supera, equilonga, teres, obtusa. Juniculus crassus, molliter carnosus, coloratus, testa duplo longior, hine ad placentam ligatus, illinc ad hilum affixus, et hoc modo semina laxata; mox in aére biserialiter suspensa. Suffrutices Americe intertropice, debiles, ramosi ; ramuli teretes, dichotomi, ad nodos annulati : folia elliptica vel lanceolata, breviter petiolata; panicule subazillares, sepius multidivise, rarius de- pauperate ; flores submediocres, albi, aut sepius flavi. . 1. Pescuiera rcninata, A. DC. viii. 8360: Tabernemontana echinata, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. 263, tab. 103. In Guiana (non vidi). A small lactescent tree, with several erect stems 4-5 feet long, with slender di- chotomous branches, annulated where the leaves have fallen off; opposite elliptic leaves, acute at the base, subacuminated, with undulated margins, green above, glabrous, with about 16 pairs of approximated ascending nerves, below covered with a slight white tomentum, 64 in. long, 23 in. broad, on petioles 2 lines long, conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; panicles in the terminal axils, 2 in. long; peduncles as long as the petioles, bearing about 6 flowers on bracteolated pedicels 2-3 lines long; sepals acute, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, with shorter segments, all spotted with red; stamens inserted near the base of the tube on a pubescent ring; 2 small divaricated subreniform follicles densely muricated, } in. long, 3 in. broad. 2. Pescuiera nystTRix, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 360: Tabernemontana hystrix, Steud. Nom. p. 658: Taberne- montana echinata, Vell. (non Aubl.) Fl. Flum. p. 105; Ie. iii. tab. 17: Tabernemontana bracteo- laris, Mill. Fl. Bras. fasc. 26, p. 83; op. cit. fasc. 40, p. 184, tab. 54. fig. 3. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: ° v. v. et sicc. in hb. meo (n. 2971), in flore ad Engenho d’agua, circa Lago de Jacarepagua. This specimen corresponds with the drawing of Velloz, who found the plant in about the same locality, near the southern shore of the metropolitan province. The branchlets are thick, fistulous, rugously striated, pale and opake, the lower portions, where the leaves have fallen off, being annulated at the axils, which are about 4 in. apart: the leaves are elliptic-oblong, somewhat acute at the base, obtuse towards the summit, with F 34 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE#. a blunted acumen, thinly chartaceous, the subundulated margins somewhat revolute, pale opake green above, sulcated on the midrib, with rather distant fine nerves, below pallid and yellowish, opake, spotted by many small elevated dots; they are 3-43 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on slender petioles broadly fossulated at the base, where they are con- joined by a transverse elevated ring, and vary in length from 8 to 5 lines. The axillary peduncles are 4-6 lines long, forked, the branches 3 lines long, each 4-flowered, with slender pedicels 5 lines long: sepals acute, erect, } line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, swollen below the middle, narrow above, its dolabriform segments 23 lines long; stamens enclosed in the swollen part of the tube, and inserted a little above the base: no visible disk. The 2 follicles (which I. have not seen) are widely divaricated, 2 in. long, 1 in. rod, reniform band adensely covered with subadpressed very acute spines. In Velloz’s drawing they appear by mistake dehiscent on the dorsal side. They contain many ovate seeds, half immersed in scarlet fleshy funicles. It is a small tree, lactescent, with a soft white wood, often carved into spoons and other utensils for domestic use, and is called ‘‘ péo de culher”’ (spoonwood). The characters given by Miller of 7. Salzmanni accord with this species, as he ex- pressly indicates, and differ in few particulars. 3. Pescuiera muricata, A. DC. J. c. p. 361: Tabernemontana muricata, R. & Sch. (non A. DC.) Syst. iv. 431, 797. In Brasilia (non vidi). Its branches are glabrous and striated ; its leaves are ovate-oblong, acuminated, repand on the margins, with elevated granular dots above, which are impressed beneath, more than 7 in. long, on very short petioles; the peduncle of the inflorescence is 4-1 in. long; pedicels less than 1 line long; sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla nearly 1 in. long; fruit muricated. It is a species near the following. Miller has confounded it with P. ochracea, a very different plant, as shown in the description of the latter (page 42). 4, PEscHIERA FucHSI#FOLIA, nob. : Tabernemontana fuchsiefolia, A. DC. 1. c. 365 et 676 ; Mill. Z. c. p. 83: Tabernemontana collina, Gardn. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 178. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. ef sice. in herb. meo (n. 3013), in fl. et fr. ad Morro Flamengo; v. s. in flore in hb. Mus. Brit. ex eodem loco (Gardn. 74, sub T. collina). Prof. De Candolle recognized the identity of Gardner’s plant with his 7. Suchsiefolia. The species is noted for its rubescent nerves and leaves. I was fortunate in finding its fruit in a living state, which enabled me to ascertain the funicular nature of the pulpy covering which half involves the seeds throughout the whole tribe of the Tuberne- montunee. This species is a small tree, from 6 to 20 feet high, much branched, the branches pale brown, rugosely striated, the branchlets rather slender and dichotomously divided; the leaves are heterophyllous in each node, elliptic, acute at the base, and terminated by a short obtuse acumen, margins subrevolute, chartaceously flaccid, pale green and opake above, granulo-punctulate on both sides, with immersed nerves, below somewhat paler, opake, yellowish, with prominulent reddish nerves ; they are 23. and 34 in. long at each node, 1} and 12 in. broad, on slender petioles 23 and 4 lines long, the upper pairs somewhat smaller; the petioles are conjoined across the nodes by a prominent ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 35 arched ridge: raceme short, opposite at the nodes, on peduncles 4 lines long, its branches of the same length, each bearing about 2 flowers on bracteolated pedicels 6 lines long; sepals lanceolate, deflected at the apex, 2 lines long, with a pluridentate scale inside at the base; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical above, swollen near the base, 5 lines long, dolabriform segments 8 lines long, simply contorted sinistrorsely in zestivation; stamens inserted in the basal portion of the tube; 2 oblong pointed ovaries, without any apparent disk ; style very short, clavuncle incrassated and deeply 5-grooved ; 2 oblong subreniform follicles, densely muricated, 1 in. long, 7 lines broad, each containing 16 seeds suspended from the two sutural placente by as many very thick orange-coloured fleshy funicles 9 lines long, nearly 2 lines thick; seeds oval, compressed, convex and striated on the dorsal side, longitudinally channelled to near the base on the ventral side, the hilum placed on the hollow below the centre, where they are attached to the funicle; they are 5 lines long, 3 lines broad; albumen corneous, of the same shape, containing an embryo of near its length, 3 lines long, with a slender terete superior radicle, as long as the oval flat cotyledons. The granular elevations on the leaves are opake when dry ; but in the living state they are pellucid. This plant, its inflorescence, its follicles, and the peculiar manner of the suspension of its seeds are represented in Plate VI. a. 5. Pescnrera Lata, nob.: Tabernemontana leta, Mart. in Hb. Pl. Bras. p. 104; A. DC. Ll. c. p. 364 (excl. syn.) ; Gardn. in Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 179; Miill. in Flor. Bras. fase. 26, p. 79; Mart. op. cit. fase. 40, p. 183, tab. 54. fig. 1. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. hb. meo (n. 3014), in flore in ascensu Monte Corcovado; v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. ex eod. loc. (Gardn. 75). I found this species in flower, in September 1837, in company with Gardner; it has been found also at Itagoahy in the same province; and in 1864 Dr. Peckholt sent to Von Martius a specimen of the same in flower and in fruit, the structure of which is shown in the plate above cited. This structure is quite similar to that I witnessed and figured in P. fuchsiefolia; but Martius has drawn the funicle, seed, and embryo in an inverted position: he calls the funicle an arillus; but this cannot be, as one end of it is attached to the hilum, the other end to the placenta. This is a small tree, with pale, angulo-sulcated, lenticellated, stoutish, dichotomous branchlets; the opposite leaves, somewhat heterophyllous in each node, are oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, somewhat inequilateral at the base, sub membranaceous, entire or subrepand along the margin, palish green above, and sulcated along the midrib, yellowish opake below, with reddish immersed nerves on both sides, as in P. fuchsiefolia; they are 3} and 43 in. long, 13 and 1 in. broad, on petioles 5 and 8 lines long, conjoined across the node by an arching ridge in the upper superior axils. The subterminal panicle is 23 in. long; the peduncle, 4 lines long, has three. branches 6 lines long, each bearing 6 or 8 flowers on bracteolated pedicels 3-4 lines long; sepals scarcely 1 line long, acute, each with an internal pluridentate scale at its base; tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen at the base, 5 lines long, segments obliquely oblong, 4 lines long; stamens, as usual, inserted near the base; 2 free oblong ovaries F2 36 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. without any disk; style short, clavuncle and stigmata as usual; follicles 2, much divaricated, greatly resembling those of the preceding species, but somewhat larger, 14 in. long, 1 in. broad, each containing about 20 seeds 4—6 lines long, 2-3 lines broad, suspended by scarlet fleshy funicles; structure of the seeds as in the preceding species, and as depicted by Miiller. 6. Pescnrera Lunpu, nob.: Tabernemontana Lundii, A. DC. 1. c. p. 365; Miill. dc. p. 81. Rio de Janeiro ad Botafogo: v. v. et sicc. in flore et fructu in herb. meo (n. 3965) ; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Monte Corcovado (Gardn. 5546). A species differing from 7. Gaudichaudii in its more slender, more dichotomous, rugously striated branchlets, the younger ones smooth and closely lenticellated, its much darker leaves, less acute and more ineequilateral at the base, obtuse at the summit, with a short rounded excurrent point, subundulated margins, with a rougher surface above, with slender prominulent yellow nerves, yellowish opake below, with a pale interruptedly striated midrib and prominent yellow fine nerves, and on longer petioles: it has a more slender panicle with smaller flowers. The leaves are ovate, darkish and opake above, 34-42 in. long, 1}-2 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles, fossulate at the base, 5-7 lines long; axillary panicles 14 in. long, 10-12-flowered, with many slender, divided branches and deciduous bracteoles; peduncle 6 lines long, its alternate branchlets 2-4 lines long ; pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acutely ovate, pruinose, with membranaceous ciliolate margins, ? line long; tube of corolla 23 lines long, yellow and subtomentose, rather swollen at the base, pilose within below the middle, glabrous above, segments shorter than the tube, dolabriform, subpuberulous within at the base; stamens inserted near the base of the tube, anthers 2-lobed at the base; disk none; 2 ovate ovaries, reddishly tomentose; style short, with an incrassated clavuncle; 2 reniformly ovate follicles 13 in. long, } in. thick, obtuse at both ends, marked by several transverse inter- rupted ridges muricated on their acute edges, each containing 18 seeds, 4 lines long, 24 lines broad, suspended from the sutural placentze by stout pale yellow funicles. 7. Pescurera Sprxiana, nob.: Tabernemontana Spiviana, Mart.; Miill. 1. c. p. 78. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. in flore Itagoahy (Bowie et Cunningham). A shrub 10-12 feet high; branches terete, dichotomous, densely foliaceous ; leaves but little heterophyllous, elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed and gradually acute at both ends, dark green above, sulcate along the midrib, with semi-immersed nerves, below of a darkish yellow colour, opake, with prominulent reddish nerves, 5 and 5$ in. long, 14 and 1 in. broad, on slender petioles 4? lines long; upper pairs of leaves 44 and 3? in. long, 18 and 15 lines broad, on petioles 4 lines long; axillary panicles 2-8, fasciculated, 1} in. long ; peduncles 6 lines long, bearing 5-6 branchlets 1 in. long, each supporting about 3 flowers, on pedicels 2 lines long, with small acutely oval bracteoles; sepals triangular ovate, sub- obtuse, with membranaceous margins, # line long, each with an inner basal 4—6-lacinulate scale; tube of corolla cylindrical, broader at the base, segments broadly obovate, gibbous, pubescent within at their base and in the mouth of the tube; stamens inserted near the base of the tube, out of a pilose ring; disk none; ovaries 2, ovoid; follicles 2, spreading, broadly obovoid, obtuse, densely muricated, 1;-1} in. long; seeds ovoid, channelled on ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. 37 one side, scabridly granular on the other, 4-42 lines long, half enveloped in scarlet fleshy funicles. 8. PuscHIERA GRANULOSA, nob.: ramis validiusculis, dichotomis, rugulosis ; ramulis tenuioribus, pallidis, striatis, ad nodos compressis ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis, imo cuneatis, apice in acumen subbreve obtusulum constrictis, marginibus subretuse undulatis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, costa sulcata, nervis patule divaricatis, sensim arcuatis et subimmersis, subtus paullo pallidioribus, opacis, granulatim subpruinosis, costa nervisque flavidis, prominulis ; petiolis longiuscule tenuibus, canali- culatis, linea transversa nexis: racemis axillaribus, sepius valde depauperatis, pedunculo (seu ramulo novello) tenui, ter opposite bracteolatis ; bracteis linearibus, subfoliaceis, 1—7-floris ; pedicellis _ in axillis bractearum sepius abortivis aut in sinu ultimarum, 1-floris; pedicello bracteis calycique zequilongo ; sepalis lanceolatis, pallide marginatis, erecto-patulis, intus squamula basali 4-5 lacinu- lata munitis ; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, imo latiore, glaberrimo, segmentis oblique ovatis, tubo ter brevioribus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus inclusis, filamentis complanatis, circa basin tubi insertis ; disco nullo; ovariis 2, ovatis, obtusis, sepalis dimidio brevioribus; stylo paullulo longiore; clavuncula et stigmatibus precedentium; pedunculis fructiferis valde incrassatis, acute angulatis, stramineis: folliculis 2, oblongis, divaricatis, vix compressis, exigue granulatis, imo obtusis, dorso rectis, apice subreflexim breviter rostratis, ventre orbicularibus et sutura dehis- centibus ; seminibus compresse ovatis, ventre canaliculatis, et hinc in medio ab hilo funiculis crassis pulposis rubris suspensis. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 2065, 4028), ix flore et in fructu montibus Organensibus, in fructu immaturo (n. 4654) Monte Corcovado. A well-marked species, peculiar in the appearance of its leaves, which resemble those of Tabernemontana amygdalefolia: the axils of its branchlets are 1-1} in. apart; the leaves are somewhat heterophyllous, 34-4 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on petioles 7-9 lines long. In the Organ-Mountain plant the peduncle of the depauperated raceme is 1 in. long, bearing 3 pairs of bracts 4 lines apart, which are flowerless, and only a single flower is seen at the extremity between the last pair of bracts on a pedicel 2 lines long; sepals 2 lines long; the tube of the corolla 6 lines long, the segments 2 lines long and broad ; follicles 14 in. long, including the rostrum, 4 in. broad; seeds 53 lines long, 33 lines broad, suspended by thick red coloured funicles. 9. Pescniera cuspipata, nob.: ramis dichotomis, teretibus, ramulisque pallidis, striatis, subfistulosis : foliis majusculis, in paribus altero opposito multo minore, ovato-oblongis, imo subito acutis, apice in acumine longe lineari repente cuspidatis, membranaceis, retuse undulatis, supra profunde viridibus, opacis, sub lente sparsim pilosulis, nervis tenuissimis semiimmersis, subtus pallide opacis, flavescentibus, in nervis fulvidis prominulis patentim hirsutulis, reticulatis; petiolis tenuibus sul- catis, pilosis, limbo 24plo brevioribus : racemis ad nodos supremos solitariis, folio dimidio brevioribus, puberulis ; pedunculo elongato infra medium uudo, superne ramoso, ramis brevissimis subcrebris, bracteolatis, apice 2-floris, pedicellis equilongis bracteolatis ; sepalis lanceolatis, recurvulis ; coroll tubo longo, angustissime cylindrico, imo latiore, intus pilosulo, segmentis oblique oblongis, tubo triplo brevioribus; staminibus supra basin insertis; disco nullo apparente : folliculis 2, divaricatis. oblongis, sensim angustioribus, creberrime hamato-muricatis. In Nova Granada: v. s. in flore et fructu in hb, meo (n. 22029) Rio Magdalena (Weir 76). A species peculiar in its pilose branches, very cuspidate subpilose leaves, and in its inflorescence: each pair of leaves measure 4 and 7} in. long (including the acumen of 9 lines), 24-34 in. broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; in some of the axils they are some- 38 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. what more than half that size; the peduncle of the inflorescence is 2-24 in. long, its superior branches 14 line long; pedicels of the same length; sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long, segments 8 lines long; follicles 15 lines long, 5 lines broad, on a thickened pedicel 5 lines long. 10. PescH1ERa sTENOLOBA, nob.: Tabernemontana stenoloba, Mill. in Linn. xxx. 407. In Peruvia, circa Cuchero, Yurimanguas et circa Guayaquil (non vidi). A species near P. heterophylla, with slender branches, with opposite leaves in unequal pairs, ovate elliptic, acuminated, submembranaceous, 4 and 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, on petioles 83-33 lines long; cymes sublateral in the dichotomy of the branches, 6—8-flowered ; peduncle 2 lines long, densely covered with imbricated ovate bracts 1 line long; sepals lanceolate, with an internal 4-5-dentate scale at the base; corolla in bud 1 in. long, with a slender tube broader at the base, densely pilose within, segments oblong obovate ; stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; 2 free acutely obovate ovaries, without a disk; style short; 2 obovate follicles, echinated. 1]. PzscHIERA TENUIFLORA, Popp. Gen. iii. p. 70, tab. 280: Tabernemontana tenuiflora, Mill. l. c. p. 76. In alta Amazonas ad Rio Japuré, circa Coary (non vidi). A species with much the habit of P. heterophylla. It is a shrub 5-6 feet high, much branched, its branches pallidly fuscous, slender, terete, compressed at the nodes, divari- cately dichotomous ; leaves heterophyllous, spreading, the larger one elliptic, acute, and almost obsoletely petiolated at the base, 54 in. long, 23 in. broad, the opposite one ovate or roundish, sessile and subcordate at the base, 23 in. long, 14 in. broad, glabrous, con- colorous; peduncle very slender, erect in the dichotomy of the branchlets, 1-13 in. long, bearing near its apex 4 approximated flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long, the lower ones caducous; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; tube of corolla very slender, 7 lines long, slightly swollen near the base, subpilose within, segments 3 lines long, 1 line broad; stamens inserted near the base of the tube, anthers slender, sagittate, subcoherent ; ovaries 2, slightly tuberculated; no apparent disk; follicles 2, divaricated, one often abortive, obovate, or obtusely elliptic, subcompressed, verrucously muricated, orange- coloured, 1? in. long, 14 in. broad. 12. PEScHIERA HETEROPHYLLA, nob.: Tabernemontana heterophylla, Vahl, Ecl. ii. p. 22, Icon. tab. 14 (non A. DC. nec Bth.) ; Miill. Z. c. p. 76 (in parte). In Guiana et Amazonas: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. (pl. typica) Cayenne (Van Rohr), Guiana (Sagot 390) ; in hb. meo (n. 17796), San Gabriel, Rio Negro (Spruce 2106). A species often confounded with the following. Its branchlets are slender at the ex- tremity, dichotomous, terete, and slightly 4-angular, swollen at the axils ; lower down, where the leaves have fallen off, they are marked by annular ridges at the nodes. The opposite leaves are unequal in size at each axil, are thinly chartaceous, oval, obtuse, or shortly acute at the base and subinzequilateral, suddenly attenuated at the summit into a sublanceolate acumen; they have about 10 pairs of patently divaricated slender nerves ; at each node they are respectively 43-3 in. long, 24-14 in. broad, on channelled petioles 2-3 lines long, their margins conjoined across the node by an elevated ridge; the ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 39 leaves towards the extremity are 24 in. in length, and 1 in. in breadth. The raceme, simply spicated, rises in the dichotomy of the branches; the peduncle is 4—? in. long, very closely marked by the cicatrices of the abortive flowers, seldom leaving more than 2 flowers at the apex, on slender pedicels 6-8 lines long; the ovate sepals are 1 line long ; the tube of the corolla is 5 lines long, narrowly cylindrical above, ventricose below the middle; the segments are inzequilateral and oblong, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, of a reddish colour, simply convoluted sinistrorsely in estivation. The stamens are seated in the swollen part of the tube; the filaments arise out of 5 pilose lines, a little above the base of the tube; the anthers, twice the length of the filaments, are 2-lobed at their base, acuminated by a lanceolated membrane. No disk. Ovaries 2, pointed oblong. 13. PescuizRa DIveRsIFOLi4, Mig. Stirp. Surin. p. 164, tab. 47: Tabernemontana heterophylla, Benth. (non Vahl), Journ. Bot. iii. 248; A. DC. (in parte) Prodr. viii. 361; Mill. (in parte) J. c. p. 76. In Guiana: v. s. in Ab. meo (n. 9241) Guiana (Schomb. 3). A species well distinguished from the former by its more slender branchlets, not thickened at the nodes, by its smaller, more lanceolate, very membranaceous leaves, almost sessile; branchlets striolated, dichotomous; leaves narrowly oblong, gradually cuneate and ingquilateral at the base, with a long narrow acute acumen, very slender arcuately ascending nerves, very unequal at each node, 34-24 in. long, 1-3 in. broad, on petioles scarcely more than } line long, or sessile. The peduncle, as in the preceding, is seated in the dichotomy, 3-1 in. long, densely crowded with cicatrices, rarely more than 3- or 4-flowered at the summit, on pedicels 6-8 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla equally cylindrical, a little swollen above its base, very slender, 5 lines long, seements unequally linear, 2 lines long, 3 line broad, of a pale yellow or whitish colour, convoluted sinistrorsely in estivation; stamens as in the preceding species, enclosed in the swollen inferior portion of the tube; no disk; 2 conical oblong ovaries. 14, PescHrera aLBrpirtora, nob.: ramulis dichotomis, tenuissimis, teretibus, striolatis, pallidissimis ; foliis paullo heterophyllis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo longe cuneatis et in petiolo decurrentibus, apice sensim acutis, membranaceis, marginibus recurvulis, utrinque opacis et obsolete corrugulatis, supra pallide viridibus, nervis utrinque 10 arcuatim divaricatis semiimmersis, subtus pallidioribus, nervis tenuissimis stramineis paullo prominulis, eveniis; petiolis tenuibus, semiteretibus, linea transversali nexis, limbo 7plo brevioribus: paniculis axillaribus, ramosis, pedunculo compresso, ramis tenuibus, imo bracteola parva lanceolata munitis ; pedicellis tenuibus; floribus albis; sepalis acute lanceolatis, apice reflexis; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, basin versus ampliore, segmentis oblique oblongis, dimidio brevioribus, sinistrorsum convolutis ; staminibus inclusis, filamentis tenui- bus prope basin tubi insertis; disco nullo; ovariis 2, oblongis, liberis, czeteris ut in precedentibus. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie and Cunningham). A species near P. diversifolia: branchlets very slender, with annular nodes 1-1} in. apart; lower leaves in subinequal pairs, 3 and 3} in. long, 1-1; in. broad, on peticles 5-6 lines long; the upper pairs of leaves half that size; axillary panicles on slender peduncles 9 lines long, bearing about 4 alternate flowers on pedicels 3 lines long ; sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla 6 lines long, segments 23 lines long. 40 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA., 15. Pcie Gavpicnaupu, nob.: Tabernemontana Gaudichaudii, A. DC. 1. ¢. p. 365 ; Male lc. p. ee In prov. Rio de Janeiro: »v. v. et sice. in hb. meo (n. 2830) Monte Corcovado ; v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Corcovado (Gardn. 5546). A species near P. fuchsiefolia, differing in its branches, scarcely dichotomous, annu- lated at distances of 1 in. where the leaves have fallen off, in its ovate, less-acuminated leaves, scarcely unequal at the nodes, less acute at the base, rugously opake above, with yellowish slender immersed nerves and stouter panicles. It is ashrub 8 feet high; leaves ovate or elliptic, submembranaceous, subobtuse or acute at the base, suddenly and shortly acuminated at the summit, pruinosely granulated above, yellowish opake below, with prominent midrib and reddish fine prominulent nerves, veins scarcely visible, 4¢-33 in. long, 2-13 in. broad, on slender petioles 5-6 lines long; the more superior leaves are smaller; axillary panicles much branched, many-flowered, 14 in. long; bracts very deciduous; peduncle 6 lines long, with three closely alternate branches 5 lines long, each again branched; pedicels approximated, 2-3 lines long; sepals acutely ovate, swollen at their base, ? line long; tube of corolla 34 lines long, segments 23 lines long ; stamens inserted near the base of the tube; anthers elongated, acutely 2-aristate at the base; style very short, with a thickened clavuncle; no disk; 2 conical oblong ovaries. 16. Pescniera Sauzmannt, nob.: Tabernemontana Salzmanni, A. DC. 1. c. p. 362; Mill. l. c. p. 78: Tabernemoniana Rauwolfia, A. DC. 1. c. p. 364. In prov. Bahia (Salzm. 13, et Blanchet 718) : non vidi. A small tree, 10 feet high, with stiff branches, densely covered with leaves, which falling off leave the branches marked by annular ridges; leaves obovate, 2-34 in. long, 1Z in. broad, on petioles 23-33 lines long; panicle trichotomously divided, many- flowered. This closely resembles Peschiera hystrix. 17. Pescuiera arrinis, nob.: Tabernemontana affinis, Miill. 1. c. p. 83, tab. 26. fig. 1. Brasiliz prov. centralibus: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Minas Geraés, ad Arrayal das Mercés (Gardn. 5010). A slender species, much resembling the two preceding, with dichotomous branchlets, their axils about 4 in. apart; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, thinly chartaceous, glabrous above, reddishly opake below, and shortly puberulous on the nerves, 33-44 in. long, ¢-1 in. broad, on petioles 2-8 lines long; cymes lateral, bi-trichotomously divided, 1} in. long, 5-10-flowered; peduncle 6 lines long, its branches 2-3 lines long, bracts shortly linear; pedicels 3 lines long; sepals 2 lines long, lanceolate, spreading, scabri- dulous; tube of corolla cylindrical, a little thicker below, puberulous inside, 54 lines long, its segments oblong, 23 lines long; stamens inserted near the base of the tube, upon rather long slender filaments, anthers cuspidate and biaristate; disk none; ovaries acutely oblong, style slender, with a thickened clavuncle. Gardner’s specimen corresponds well with Miller’s drawing. 18. PescHieRa FraLLax, nob.: Tabernemontana fallax, Mill. I. c. p. 84. In proy. Minas Geraés (St.- Hilaire 944): non vidi. A species with small, obovate lanceolate leaves, 13 in. long, 54~7 lines broad, on stout ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZA. 41 petioles 1} line broad; cymes terminal, with about 10 closely approximated flowers; peduncle many times longer than the calyx ; pedicels a little longer than the calyx ; bracts small, lanceolate; sepals lanceolate, subpatent, half the length of the tube of the corolla, which is swollen below the middle, with a pilose ring near its base, from which the stamens originate ; it is pubescent in the throat. 19. Pescurera cGRaciiiima, nob.: Tabernemontana gracilis, Mill. (non Bth.) /. c. p. 82. In prov. Rio de Janeiro, Sierra d’Estrella: non vidi. The specific name is changed, that it may not be confounded with 7. gracilis, Bth. It resembles the preceding in the small size of its linear lanceolate leaves, which are 13-2 in. long, 3 in. broad, on short petioles; cyme subterminal, 2-3 times shorter than the leaf; peduncle as short as the petiole; pedicels twice the length of the calyx; peduncle depauperated, bearing 2-8 bracteoles, often by abortion 1-flowered; sepals 2 lines long ; tube of corolla slender, 5 lines long, narrow above, broader below, pubes- cent within, segments obliquely ovate, puberulous within,—all being the characters of Peschiera. It is a small tree, 12-15 feet high. ' 20. Pescnrera Hivarrana, nob.: ,Tabernemontana Hilariana, Mill. 1. c. p. 85. In prov. 8. Paulo: non vidi. The leaves sublanceolate, suddenly acuminated at the apex, membranaceous, 33-4 in. long (including the petiole), 81-114 lines broad. The inflorescence is a terminal corymb, with about 20 crowded flowers ; peduncle length of calyx; pedicels bracteolated, of the same length; sepals lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube of the corolla, which is narrow above, pubescent within; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; ovaries ovate, length of style. » 21. Pescuizra Catnerinensis, nob.: Tabernemontana Catherinensis, Mill. 2. c. p. 85: A. DC. Prodr. viii. 865. In prov. 8. Paulo: non vidi. It has slender, spreading, dichotomous branches: leaves oblong elliptic, obtusely acuminated at both ends, 2-23 in. long, including the puberulous petiole (2-23 lines long), 1-14 in. broad; corymb as in P. fuchsiefolia, but more densely flowered. 22. PescHreRA FLORIDA, nob.: Tabernemontana leta, var. puberifiora, Mill. I. c. p. 79. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. meo prov. Minas Geraés (Gardn. 5011). _ A species very proximate to P. multiflora, and with little resemblance to P. leta. It has stoutish, subdichotomous, pallid, rugously striated branches, the younger ones dark and very compressed; the leaves are elliptic oblong, subacute at the base, little con- stricted towards the shortish obtuse acumen, thinly chartaceous, with undulated or interruptedly revolute margins, darkish green and opake above, with sulcated midrib and semi-immersed fine nerves, yellowish opake below, subpruinose, with prominulent midrib and reddish fine nerves, 4-5 in. long, 12-12 in. broad, on stoutish channelled petioles 5-6 lines long, fossulated at the base, and conjoined across the node by an arching, raised ridge; cymes 2 or 4, fasciculated at the end of the young branchlets ; peduncles 9-12 lines long, their branches 2 lines long, minutely bracteolated ; pedicels G 42 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. slender, 3 lines long; sepals acutely ovate, imbricated, with membranaceous margins, 1 line long, each with an internal 4—5-laciniated scale; tube of corolla narrowed above the middle, swelling to the base, pubescent above within, 43 lines long, with dolabriform segments 22 lines long, densely pubescent within at their base; stamens inserted near the base of the tube; disk none; 2 pointed oblong free ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as usual. 23. Pescnrera ocHRAcEA, nob.: Tabernemontana ochracea, Spruce MS.: Tabernemontana muricata, Mill. (non R. & Sch.) 1. c. pp. 80 et 114, tab. 54. fig. 2. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Santarem (Spruce 234). This species is very distinct from 7. muricata, R. & Sch., differing in its much smaller leaves, which are elliptic, canaliculately recurved at both ends, acute at the base, with a long narrow acumen at the apex, margins revolute, pale green above, opake, with nume- rous obsolete parallel corrugated lines, nerves immersed, opake and yellow below, with prominulent midrib and nerves, without the slightest indication of the peculiar dots, elevated above, impressed below, which characterize the species described by Romer and Schulz. In the present instance the leaves are only 34 in. long, 1}-1 in. broad, _ on petioles 3-4 lines long (in 7. muricata they are above 7 in. long, on very short petioles) ; corymb terminal and many-flowered, half or a third the length of the leaf; peduncle very short, primary and secondary branches elongated; pedicels twice as long as the calyx, with a small basal bracteole; calyx barely 1 line long; the very slender tube of the corolla is 1 in. long, a little swollen at the base, segments oblong, curving, 5 lines long, sinistrorsely convoluted in estivation; stamens inserted a little above the base of the tube; disk none; 2 free ovaries, with a very short style incrassated at its summit by a long 5-angular clavuncle and 2 small terminal stigmata. 24. PESCHIERA PSYCHOTRI#FOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana psychotriefolia, H. B. K. iii. 227: A. DC. Lc. p- 866. In Venezuela et Nova Granada: v. s. in hb. meo (n. 22019) Rio Magdalena (Weir 37). This plant accords with Kunth’s description. Its dichotomous, pallid, stout branchlets are rugously striated, marked by annular rings 4-6 lines apart where the leaves have fallen off; in the upper part they are sub-4-angular; the leaves, rarely quite equal in each node, are oblong, or subovate, subacute and ineequilateral at the base, rather obtusely acute, and mucronated at the apex, margins subrevolute, submembranaceous, pale green above, yellowish opake below, nerves rather patent and prominulent on both sides, 4-54 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on channelled petioles 3-5 lines long, conjoined across the node by an arched ridge; some of the upper leaves often smaller; axillary opposite corymbs 2 in. long and broad, very dichotomously branched, many-flowered, on bracteolated pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acute, reflected at the apex, 1 line long; tube of corolla cylindrical, broader at the base, 5 lines long, segments 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, sinistrorsely convoluted, very pubescent within at the base; stamens 24 lines long, seated near the base of the tube; 2 ovaries oblong, free, without any disk; clavuncle, style, and stigmata as usual. 25. PescuieRa LinevLata, nob.: ramulis dichotomis opace brunneis, interrupte striatis, ad nodos (foliis ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 43 lapsis) annulatis: foliis heterophyllis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen breve acutulum reflexum subito constrictis, chartaceis, supra opace viridibus, obsolete corrugulatis, ad neryos immersos sul- catulis, subtus flavide opacis, costa prominente, nervis spe rufulis prominulis ; petiolis subtenuibus, canaliculatis, linea arcuata transversa conjunctis: panicula axillari, brevi, pauciflora; pedunculo bifurcato, ramis alternatim bracteolatis, 2-floris; pedicellis ramos equantibus ; sepalis parvis, ovatis, mucronatis, ciliatis, intus squamula plurilacinulata munitis; corollz tubo anguste cylindrico, imo latiore, segmentis brevioribus, dolabriformibus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus gracilibus, 2-aristatis, cum filamentis circa basin tubi insertis; disco nullo; ovariis oblongis; stylo brevi. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo (Matthews 1542). The stoutish branchlets, at their leafless nodes, 3-5 lines apart, are annulated by a curved ridge; the leaves, unequal at each node, are 4 and 2 in. long, 12 and 14 in. broad, on petioles 4 and 3 lines long; peduncle 6 lines long, 2 branches, each 4 lines long; pedicels 4 lines long, 2-3-bracteolated in the middle; sepals 2 lines long; tube of corolla 9 lines long; segments 5 lines long. 26. PescHrERA acuminata, nob.: Tabernemontana acuminata, Mull. in Linn. xxx. 406. In Bolivia (Cuming 121): non vidi. A species said to be near P. Gaudichaudii, P. Lundii, P. fuchsiefolia, and P. affinis. It has smooth branches, with internodes three times as long as the leaves, and dichoto- mous, compressed, glaucous-green branchlets; leaves oblong lanceolate, acute at both ends, membranaceous, with about 12 pairs of divergent nerves, 2-32 in. long, 94-12 lines broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long, scarcely conjoined across the nodes; corymbs in the dichotomies of the branchlets, 3-fasciculate, each branch twice trichotomously and densely divided, 18—25-flowered, glabrous, 1-1} in. long; peduncles short; flowers in bud 61 lines long; bracts large, 2-3 lines long, 4 line broad; sepals erect, linear lanceolate, blunt at the point, with a recurving margin, each with an inner basal 4-5-lacinulated scale; tube of corolla in bud twice the length of the calyx, distinctly swollen near the base, and there staminigerous on a pilose ring; disk none; ovaries 2, obtusely ovoid, about as long as the style. All these characters are obviously those of Peschiera. 27. PESCHIERA PUBERIFLORA, nob. : ‘ramulis crassiusculis, 4-angulatis, sulcatis, axillis subcrebris et annulatis : foliis ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen breve latiusculum recurvum constrictis, chartaceis, marginibus interrupte revolutis subundulatis, supra opace viridibus, nervis tenuibus vix prominulis, subtus opace pallidioribus, ochraceis, costa nervisque prominulis ; petiolis tenuiter canali- culatis, imo linea curvata transversali conjunctis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: paniculis axillaribus, oppositis, folia superiora equantibus; pedunculo petiolo triplo longiore, bis dichotome diviso, ramis huic zequilongis, 2-3-floris, cum bracteis oblongis margine membranaceis ; pedicellis gracilibus, medio bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, acute oblongis, submembranaceis, ciliatis, simgula squamula lata pluri- dentata intus munitis; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, infra medium sensim latiore, glabro, seg- mentis dolabriformibus, brevioribus, sinistrorsum convolutis, intus pubescentibus ; staminibus paullo supra basin insertis; disco nullo; ceteris ut in precedentibus. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo Tarapota (Spruce 4245). In my specimen, only the upper leaves are present, on axils 4-6 lines apart; they are 14-2 in. long, 3~1 in. broad, on petioles 2 lines long; the peduncle is 4-5 lines long, its : 62 Ads ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE&. branches 4 lines; the pedicels 5 lines long; the sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 4% lines long, segments 3 lines long. 28. PEscHIERA CONCINNA, nob.: ramulis validiusculis, pallidis, angulato-sulcatis, inferne defoliatis et annulatis: foliis heterophyllis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen latiusculum plicato-recurvum sensim terminatis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra opace viridibus, minute granulatis, costa sulcata, nervis tenuibus semiimmersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, costa prominente, nervis rufulis prominulis; petiolis canaliculatis, imo fossulatis et linea transversa conjunctis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: pani- culis axillaribus et terminalibus, 2-3—4-fasciculatis, e basi ramosa circa 16-floris, ramis sub 3-floris ; pedicellis medio bracteolatis; sepalis parvis, acute ovatis, submembranaceis, intus singulatim squamula plurilaciniata ad basin munitis; corolle tubo cylindrico, imo paullo latiore, glabro, segmentis dolabriformibus, intus pro dimidia parte inferiore dense pubescentibus, sinistrorsum con- volutis; staminibus tubi versus basin insertis. In Peruvia: v. s. in Ab. meo Tarapota (Spruce 4534). Axils 2 in. apart; leaves of unequal length in each node, 5 and 2% in. long, 2 and 1 in. broad, on petioles 5-8 lines long; the upper pairs smaller; panicles 1} in. long; branches of peduncles 3 lines long; pedicels 3-5 lines long; sepals ? line long; tube of corolla 7 lines long, segments 4 lines; filaments of stamens 4 their length, inserted near the base of the tube; anthers 2-aristate at the base; disk none; 2 free ovaries; style short; rest conforming to the general character. 29. PEScHIERA BLANDA, nob.: ramulis subdichotomis, teretibus, striatis, ad nodos compressis et annu- latis: foliis heterophyllis, ellipticis, imo sensim acutis, apice in acumen recurvum longiuscule ros- tratum subito constrictis, marginibus revolutis, chartaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, leviter corrugu- latis, nervis adscendentibus semiimmersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, nervis paullo pro- minulis, petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, linea transversali conjunctis, limbo 8-10plo brevioribus : cyma in dichotomiis terminali, circa 12-flora, e basi 3-ramosa, ramis petiolo brevioribus, ramulis paucis, bracteolatis, bi- v. trifloris; pedicellis tenuibus, medio bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, obtuse ovatis, membranaceis, imbricatis, singulis squamula interna trilaciniata munitis 3 corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, superne intus puberulo, imo ampliore et glabro, segmentis inzequaliter oblongis, tubo brevioribus, glabris, sinistrorsum convolutis ; staminibus inclusis ; filamentis tenuissimis circa basin tubi insertis; antheris gracilibus, tenuissime biaristatis 3 disco nullo; ovariis 2, liberis ; stylo tenui, brevi, clavuncula incrassata 5-sulcata, imo membrana donata 3 stigmatibus 2 terminalibus. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo Tarapota (Spruce 4209). A species near the two preceding: leaves in pairs 5 and 4 in. long, or 4 and 8 in. long, 17-14 in. broad, on petioles 5 and 4 lines long, or on petioles 9-7 and 5 lines long; cyme 1; in. long; peduncles 2 lines, their branches 2 lines long; pedicels 3-4 lines long ; sepals 1 line; tube of corolla 5 lines long, segments 33 lines long. 30. Pescuira umsrosa, nob.: Tabernemontana umbrosa, H. B. K. iii. 226: A. DC. 1. c. p. 375. In Venezuela : non vidi. A tree, with smooth branches; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, membrana- ceous, nerves prominent below, nearly 5 in. long, 2-27 in. broad, on channelled petioles % in. long, whose margins are conjoined across the node by a very short transverse membrane; corymb subdichotomous, much shorter than the leaves, pedunculated and ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 45 bracteolated ; flowers white, like those of jessamine, pedicellated ; sepals lanceolate acute, equal, 6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, having at their base inside 5 denticu- lated scales; the tube of corolla 4 lines long, swollen at its base, pubescent in the throat, border-segments a little shorter than the tube, expanded, ineequilateral, roundly obovate ; stamens inserted in the base of the tube; anthers linear sagittate, cohering in a cone by adhesion to the clavuncle; 2 ovaries conically pointed, plano-convex, apparently ‘without a disk; the 5 toothed scales mentioned by Kunth belong to the sepals. These characters, especially the position of the stamens, are those of Peschiera. 31. PescHiera Litorauis, nob.: Tabernemontana litoralis, H. B. K. ii. 228: A. DC. lc. p. 363. In Campéche: non vidi. Branches smooth, dichotomous; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, subacuminate, membranaceous, with entire margins, midrib and nerves prominent below, green above, paler beneath, nearly 5 in. long, 2 in. broad, on channelled petioles 4 lines long, their margins conjoined by a transverse line; opposite interpetiolar panicles, shorter than the leaves; peduncle subdichotomous, with few bracteolated flowers 2 in. long; sepals linear- subulate, fleshy, with membranaceous margins, very imbricated, the 2 interior narrower ; corolla salvershaped, tube cylindrical and twisting, 4-5 times as long as the calyx, border-segments very expanded, half-obovate, equal, shorter than the tube; stamens inserted upon a pilose ring, near the base of the tube; ovaries 2, ovate. From its salvershaped corolla with a long tube, with stamens fixed near its base, and its ovaries without a disk, this species well accords with Peschiera. 32. Pescoiera MULTIFLORA, Spruce, MS.: Tabernemontana Benthamiana, Mill. 1. c. p. 80. In Amazonas : v. s. in hb. meo et alior. prope Obidos (Spruce 235). A suffruticose species 6-10 feet high, with cinereous-brown branchlets, with axils 3-3 in. apart: the leaves are 3-5 in. long, 1]-2§ in. broad, on very slender petioles 2-8 lines long; they are very acute at the base, shortly acuminated at the apex: the peduncle of the copious dichotomous corymb is 2-5 lines long, 2 primary branches 4 lines, the secondary 8 lines; the pedicels 2 lines long, with lanceolate bracteoles 14 line long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long, swollen below, narrowed above, pilose within; stamens fixed a little above the base, segments of border broadly dola- briform, subfleshy, 5 lines long, with sinistrorse convolution. 33. PescHipra BREVIFLORA, nob.: Tabernemontana breviflora, Mill. 1. c. p. 79. Prov. Espirito Santo, inter Campos et Victoria: non vidi. A species said to be near P. multiflora: leaves elliptic lanceolate, shortly acute at both ends, submembranaceous, subopake above, below veinless, with about 10 distant pairs of nerves; corymbs terminal, compactly many-flowered, divided at the base, a little shorter than the leaves; flowers subsparse; peduncle very short, its branches rather long; bracteoles ovately triangular, subobtuse, short, erect; flowers 6 lines long; sepals acutely triangular, $ line long; tube of corolla slender, 33. line long, pubescent within, 46 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. distinctly broader at its base, where it is staminigerous; disk none; 2 obtusely obovoid ovaries ; style double their length. 34. Pescurera austratis, nob.: Tabernemontana australis, Mill. 1. c. p. 84. In Brasilie prov. aus- tralioribus : non vidi. A species said to be near 7. bracteolaris (P. hystrix), differing in its leaves scarcely narrowed at the base, with much shorter petioles, in its acuminated bracts, and a shorter tube in the corolla. Leaves narrowly elliptic oblong, subobtuse at the base, gradually acutely acuminated, submembranaceous, 4-4? in. long, 113-16 lines broad, on petioles 12 line long; corymbs in the dichotomies of the branchlets, densely 20-flowered, with linear acute bracteoles; pedicels: 14 line long; sepals acuminated, with membranaceous margins, # line long; tube of corolla in bud cylindrical, 4 lines long, broader near its base; stamens inserted near its base, in a pilose ring; disk none; ovaries 2, acutely oblong, with a short style; follicles 1 in. long. 35. Pescurera souanirouisa, nob.: Tabernemontana solanifolia, A. DC. 1. c. p. 365: Mill. J. c. p. 86. In Bahia: v, s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Bahia (Blanchet 2724). A very peculiar species, with thick, 4-angular, fuscous, pubescent branches, densely covered with rather large leaves, and annularly ringed at intervals of 4 lines. The leaves are ovate-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminated, spathulately and gradually contracted downwards from above the middle, becoming very narrow at the base, where they are subcordate and nearly sessile, are membranaceous, opake green above, puberulous upon about 15-80 pairs of short subpatent nerves conjoined near the margins, pale yellowish below, and densely puberulous, 34-62 in. long, 13-33 in. broad above the middle, reduced gradually to a breadth of about 4 lines at the base, on petioles 1-1} line long; cymes terminal, puberulous, 40-120-flowered, 3-4 in. long and broad, several times trichotomously divided, each ultimate branchlet about 4 lines long, bearing about 7 almost umbellate approximated flowers on bracteolated pedicels 4 lines long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 14 line long; tube of corolla 43 lines long, broader at the base, and there staminigerous; segments of border obliquely ovate, 24 lines long; no disk; other parts as in the preceding species. 36. PescureRa SotanpRrt, nob.: Tabernemontana cymosa, Sol. (non Jaeq.) Primit. Fl. Bras. p. 72: ramulis dichotomis, pallidis, interrupte striatis : foliis ‘ovato-oblongis, imo acutis, apice in acumen obtusulum constrictis, submembranaceis, supra viridibus, pruinoso-opacis, ad costam sulcatis, nervis curvatim patentibus immersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, granulatis, costa nervisque prominulis ; petiolo tenuissimo, limbo 15-18plo breviore: paniculis axillaribus, tenuiter ramosis, ramis medio bracteolatis 2-floris; pedicellis calyce paullo longioribus; sepalis viridibus, anguste lanceolatis, recurvis, intus squamula plurilacinulata munitis; corolle tubo calyce 2plo longiore, imo latiore, intus pubescente, segmentis dolabriformibus, tubo 3plo brevioribus, glabris, sinistrorsum convolutis ; staminibus paullo supra basin insertis, filamentis tenuibus; disco nullo; ovariis 2, ovatis; ceteris generis. In Brasilia: v. s, in hb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander). A species near P. Spixiana, differing in its smaller, more lanceolate leaves, on shorter petioles, in its inflorescence and more lanceolate reflexed sepals. The leaves are 3-34 in. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. AT long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; secondary branchlets of panicle 4 lines long, bracteolated in the middle; tertiary branchlets 3 lines long; pedicels 2 lines long; sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla in bud 4 lines long. 37. PESCHIERA LORIFERA, nob.: ramulis dichotomis, pallide brunneis, striolatis, axillis remotis et annu- latis: foliis heterophyllis, longe ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen longum et angustatum subito attenuatis, membranaceis, marginibus revolutis subundulatis, supra viridibus, pruinoso-opacis, nervis tenuissimis utrinque prominulis, subtus pallidis, flavicantibus ; petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, limbo 25plo brevioribus : panicula in dichotomiis, brevi, pedunculo ramisque brevissimis, pedicellis longi- oribus, bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, obtuse oblongis, margine membranaceis, singulis squamula 8-lacinulata intus munitis ; corolle tubo anguste cylindrico, imo latiore, glabro, segmentis latiuscule -dolabriformibus, glabris, tubo brevioribus, expansis, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus inclusis ; filamentis prope basin tubo insertis ; disco nullo; ovariis 2, ovatis; ceteris ut in preecedentibus. In Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 138), Surinam (Hostmann 1312). Axils 3-4 in. apart; leaves 54 and 44 in. long, 24 and 14 in. broad, on petioles 3 and 2 lines long; panicle 14 in. long; peduncle 2 lines, its branches 14 line long, each 2-flowered ; pedicels 5 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long, seg- ments 34 lines long. 38. Pescurera ? Linki, nob.: Tabernemontana Linkii, A. DC. 364: Tabernemontana multiflora, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 431 (non Sm.). In Brasilia: non vidi. A species with characters obscurely defined. It has smooth dichotomous branchlets, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, acuminated, subrepand, smooth, membranaceous, 3—4 in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; axillary corymbs in the dichotomies of the branches, many-flowered, dichotomously divided; sepals obtuse, 14 line long; tube of corolla 43 lines long, segments 3 lines long. 39. PrscHIERA PRECLARA, nob.: ramulis virgatis, pallide griseis, subangulatis, striatis, sparse lenticellatis, ad nodos remotos dilatatis: foliis majusculis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo acute cuneatis, apice sensim acutis et in acumen lineare reflexum attenuatis, glaberrimis, flaccide chartaceis, supra lete viridi- bus, opacis, nervis tenuibus semiimmersis, divaricatis, arcuatim nexis, costa tenui, flavida, semi- immersa, subtus pallidioribus opacis, costa prominente, nervis flavidis prominulis, venis transversis reticulatis ; petiolis semiteretibus, imo fuscis, limbo 15plo brevioribus : racemo terminali; pedunculo subtenui tereti, petiolo 4plo longiore, alternatim plurifloro; pedicellis brevibus; sepalis oblongis, obtusis; corolla ignota; disco nullo; ovariis 2, striatis. In Caracas: v. s. in hb. meo (Cockburn). A species with the habit and inflorescence of Peschiera tenuiflora, Poppig (tab. 280), from the same region, but with much larger leaves, having the same texture and venation; the upper internode is 1# in. long, the lower one more than 4 in. long; the leaves are 74-104 in. long, 24-33 in. broad, on petioles 6-9 lines long, not united at their base by a transverse line; the solitary peduncle is 1} in. long. The pedicels and calyces were lost after the above memorandum was made; little doubt, however, can be entertained that it is a species very near Péppig’s plant from the Amazonas river, in the same longitude as Caracas. 48 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES. BoNAFOUSIA. This genus was established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, upon a single species ; but its characters were insufficiently defined. Dr. Miiller, in 1860, reduced it into a section of Tabernemontana, with a short character quite useless for the purpose of distinction. It possesses, however, several peculiar features that will maintain the validity of the genus; one of these consists in the remarkable manner of estivation of the linear-oblong segments of the corolla, where for two-thirds of their length they are suddenly bent inwards and downwards, so that their tips enter the mouth of the tube and embrace the summits of the stamens—a peculiarity manifested also in Anacampta and Anartia. Miiller has given, without any explanation, a drawing of the structure of the flower, where he repeats the mistake of De Candolle in assigning to it a dextrorse sstivation ; but in the typical and all the other species, I have found, beyond doubt, that the convolution is sinistrorse. The disk is cylindrical, membranaceous, and adnate. All the species have slender ligneous branches. Bonarousia, A. DC.: Tabernemontana (in parte) auct.: Sepala 5, subparva, ovata, sepe membranacea, et ciliata, erecta, imbricata, ad basin intus sguamulis singula singulis denticulatis munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus longiuscule cylindricus, superne paullo ventricosus, fauce constrictus ; segmenta 5, elongata, tubo paullo breviora, parallele subarcuata, obtusa, rotatim explanata, in esti- vatione pro tertia parte erecta, nervo oblique ad marginem mucronatim excurrente, et hinc pro reliqua parte subito inflexa, intra faucem descendentia, et stamina in parte involventia, cuncta sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina 5, inclusa; filamenta brevissima, in annulum pilosum supra medium tubi inserta; anthere oblonge, apice acuminate, basi biaristate ; connectivi rigidi, in conum sub- coherentes. Discus cylindricus, membranaceus, ovariis brevior, et his adnatus. Ovaria 2, oblonga, fere libera; stylus tenuis, apice incrassatus ; clavuncula crassa, conice oblonga, 5-sulcata et 5-glan- dulosa, imo membrana expansa suffulta; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, globose oblongi, utrinque recurvati, faciebus versus angulum dorsalem oblique inclinatis, medio linea crescentiformi signati, ventre valde convexi, sutura intus utrinque inflexa et placentifera dehiscentes. Semina plurima, subovata, compressa, dorso pluricostata, ventre canaliculata et hinc funiculo pulposo semi- immersa. Cetera ut in Peschieram descripta. Frutices vel arbuscule Americe calidioris, ramosi; folia opposita, oblonga, glaberrima, petiolata ; paniculz azillares, ramose, pauciflore. 1. Bonarousta unpuzata, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 359: Tabernemontana undulata, Vahl (non Mey. nec DC. in p. 368), Ecl. ii. 20, icon. tab. 6; Poir. Dict. vii. 529; Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. 243; Miuill. Flor. Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 70 (nomen), tab. 21 (flos et fructus). In Guiana et ins. Trinidad: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 42, Anderson) ; Poiteau (in fructu) Acarouari (Sagot 1309). A species well figured by Vahl. It is a tree 30-40 feet high, with terete branchlets subangular below the axils, which are 3-4 in. apart: the leaves are in equal opposite pairs, regular in form, lanceolate oblong, acute at the base, gradually or more suddenly narrowing at the apex into a long linear acumen; they are submembranaceous, with a slender nerve along the margins, which are crispately undulated, and thus somewhat rigid, bright green above, with many much divaricated fine nerves arcuately conjoined close to the margin, opake and of a more or less bright ochre colour beneath, with slender prominulent nerves, 43-63 in. long, including the acumen (9 lines long), 13-24 in. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 49 broad, on channelled petioles 3-5 lines long; raceme lateral at the axils, or seated in the dichotomy of the branchlets, on a peduncle 7 lines long, bearing several alternate yellow flowers on pedicels 8 lines long, with small bracts. The sepals are roundish oblong, very imbricated, 2 lines long, each with 3-4 minute scales at the base; the corolla has a cylindrical tube 6 lines long, fleshy and contracted at the mouth, shortly ventricose below it, cylindrical along the middle, and enlarging a little towards the base; the seg- ments are fleshy at their base for a length of 3 lines, are erect in the bud; but then the remaining membranaceous portions, linear, obtuse, are suddenly introflexed, descending into the tube, and there enveloping the upper half of the stamens; they subsequently expand in a rotate form, when they curve sinistrorsely, and are 4 lines long; the stamens, cohering, are fixed in the contraction of the tube and nearly reach the summit; the anthers, disk, style, and clavuncle as in the generic character. The 2 follicles, somewhat spreading, are roundish oblong, inclined and wedge-shaped on the shorter edge, with a raised curved ridge on each side, broadly convex on the ventral side, where they open by a broad, gaping, sutural fissure, are 16 lines long, 9 lines broad; the pericarp is thick, coriaceous, smooth, each follicle enclosing many seeds; the seeds are oblong, acute at one extremity, rounded at the other, and are costately striated, with a hollow channel on one face, where they are attached to a pulpy or fleshy red funicle (arillus of Vahl), which half envelops each seed. Prof. Miller, as above cited, gives good analytical drawings of the flower, and a figure of the follicle and seed. Var. ovalifolia: the leaves here are of an oval form, acute at the base, cuspidately acuminate, the margins obsoletely crispated, very pallid green on both sides, 53 in. long including the acumen (# in. long), 3} in. broad, on channelled petioles 4 lines long; the inflorescence bears rather larger flowers. In Guiana (Schomb. 42 bis). A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its Hower, its follicle, and seeds, are given in Plate VI. B. 2. Bonarousia OBLIQUA, nob.: ramulis tenuibus, pallide brunneis, subsulcatis : foliis oppositis, in paribus fere equalibus, imo acutis, et hine uno latere conspicue obliquis, apice in acumen longiusculum sensim attenuatis, submembranaceis vel chartaceis, planis, marginibus revolutis szepius integris, aut raro obsolete undulatis, supra lete viridibus, costa sulcata, nervis plurimis prominulis patentim divaricatis, rectis, juxta marginem junctis, subtus flavescentibus, opacis, costa prominente, nervis tenuibus prominulis, venis immersis; petiolis brevibus, imo subfossatis: racemo in dichotomiis laterali, folio 6plo breviore, plurifloro, subhirsutulo; pedunculo sub-4-gono; pedicellis crebre alternis, corrugulatis, calyce 3plo longioribus; sepalis obtuse ovatis, imbricatis, subinequalibus, scabridulis; corollz tubo crassiusculo, cylindrico, superne et infra paullo ampliore, intus sub faucem constrictam puberulo, extus scabridulo, segmentis obtuse linearibus, pro tertia parte carnosulis, rectis, pro reliquis duabus partibus in estivatione subito introflexis et intra faucem descendentibus, . demum rotatim explicatis, membranaceis, et purpurascentibus, sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus in constrictione tubi ex annulo piloso ortis, inclusis, antheris cohzrentibus, apice,acuminatis, imo biaristatis ; disco cylindrico, submembranaceo, ovariis 2 oblongatis breviore; stylo clavuncula et stigmatibus ut in char. gen.: folliculis ignotis. In Venezuela australi: v. s. in herb. meo et Mus. Brit. Rio Casiquiare (Spruce 3119, sub B. undulata). H 50 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES. A species very distinct from the preceding: it is arborescent, 18 feet high, lactescent, the axils of the branchlets 2-5 in. apart; leaves 32-7 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on petioles 1-2 lines long; raceme 1 in. long; pedicels 3-4 lines long; sepals 13 line long; corolla in bud, tube 44 lines long, its terminal knob 23 lines long, inflected portions of seg- ments 54 lines long. According to Spruce the tube is white, the segments and mouth purpurascent (not yellow). 3. Bonarousta taTirtora, nob.: Peschiera latiflora, Benth. MS.: Tabernemontana flavicans, Mill. (non R. & Sch.) l. c. p. 77. In Amazonas, v. s. in hb. meo et Mus. Brit. Santarem (Spruce 256). Evidently a very different plant from that described by Romer and Schultes, which has divaricately dichotomous branches, with flowers on a long peduncle. It has slender divaricate branches; leaves opposite, rarely verticillately ternate, oblong, acute at the base, with a rather long obtuse acumen, pallid and yellowish below, with sub- prominulent midrib and divaricated nerves, which are reddish; the leaves are unequal in each axil, 23 and 24 in. long, 1 in. and { in. broad, on slender petioles 2-3 lines long ; the upper leaves are smaller, the lower ones larger and more oval. The peduncle, seated in the dichotomy of the branches, is about 3 lines long, bearing about 4 flowers on sub- umbellate pedicels 4 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long; tube of corolla very narrow and cylindrical, a little inflated below the mouth, 10 lines long, segments linear oblong, 7 lines long, 2 lines broad, expanded in estivation, inflected near the middle, the deflected summits reaching the mouth, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens included in the ventri- cose portion of the tube; anthers 2-aristate at the base, acuminate at the summit; disk membranaceous, adnate, 4 the length of 2 pointed ovaries; style filamentous, reaching the stamens; clavuncle incrassated, oblong, 5-grooved, with a basal umbraculiform appendage; stigmata short. 4, Bonarousia op.oneirouia, nob.: Tabernemontana oblongifolia, A. DC. 1. c. p. 868; Miill. J. c. p. 74. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jacobina, prov. Bahia (Blanchet 951, et, sec.~DC., Blanchet 2358). ' Branchlets slender, pale brown, striolated, with axils 13-2} in. apart; leaves very patent, lanceolate oblong, somewhat heterophyllous, acute and subinzequilateral at the base, acutely acuminated at the summit, chartaceous, pale green above, with semi- immersed nerves, paler and opake beneath, with a stout midrib and yellow prominulent nerves, 3 and 53 in. long at each node, 13-14 in. broad, on slender petioles 4-5 lines long; panicle terminal in the dichotomy of the branchlets; peduncle slender, 4 lines long, the 2 branches at its apex 2 lines long; pedicels few, slender, 6 lines long; oblong sepals obtuse, submembranaceous, spotted with yellow dots, 13 line long; tube of corolla - cylindrical, ventricose in the middle, 9 lines long, its roundish oblique segments being 6 lines long, infolded sinistrorsely in the bud, the extremities descending into the mouth of the tube; stamens seated in the lower contraction of the tube, included in the swollen portion, emanating from as many pilose lines; 2 oblong, pointed, adpressed, smooth ovaries, embraced at their base, for } of their length, by a very thin disk. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 51 5. Bonarousia atrenvata, nob.: ramulis tenuibus, dichotomis: foliis ellipticis, imo canaliculatim acutis, apice in acumen longe lineare obtusulum recurvum subito attenuatis, tenuiter chartaceis, marginibus subundulatis paullo revolutis, supra lete viridibus, subopacis, nervis tenuissimis, sub- patentibus, immersis, subtus flavide pallidioribus, opacis, nervis vix prominulis, omnino eveniis; petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, imo fossatis, marginibus linea transversali nexis, limbo 10plo brevioribus: racemo axillari, vel in dichotomiis erecto, folio dimidio breviore; pedunculo brevi, paucifloro; pedicellis calyce 4plo longioribus; floribus majusculis, plerumque caducis; sepalis ovatis, membranaceis, imbricatis, intus squamulis pluribus imo munitis; corolle tubo cylindrico, supra medium inflato, carnoso, fauce constricto, limbi segmentis lineari-oblongis, pro tertia parte erectis, et dehinc introflexis intra faucem descendentibus, staminum apices amplectentibus, in esti- vatione sinistrorsum convolutis, demum expansis; staminibus inclusis, supra medium tubi ad con- strictionem affixis, antheris in conum coherentibus; disco cylindrico, membranaceo, ovariis bis triente brevioribus omnino adnato; stylo clavuncula et stigmate generis. In Guiana Batav. et Brit., et in Cayenne: v.s.in hb. Mus. Brit. Surinam (Hostmann 1314); Acaravuary, Guiana (Sagot 993, sub T. oblongifolia) ; Cayenne (Martin, sub T. neriifolia). The leaves are 2-34 in. long, #-1} in. broad, on petioles 83-4 lines long; the peduncle is 6 lines long, marked by crowded cicatrices of fallen flowers; pedicels 4-6 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 1 in. long; knob of bud oblong-obovate, linear segments expanded, 8 lines long. 6. Bonarousta Psrotreti1, nob.: Tabernemontana Perottetii, A. DC. J. c. p. 362. In Guiana Gallica: non vidi. A species apparently near B. undulata, with a similar dichotomous habit; leaves acute at the base, with an obtusely linear acumen and undulate margins, 4-6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on stoutish petioles broadly channelled, 3 lines long: terminal raceme 5-8 lines long, on a short peduncle, bearing 5-7 flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long, thickened at the apex, bracteolated at the base; sepals ovate, imbricated, unequal; corolla in bud 6 lines long, the tube being pubescent in the mouth. Follicles semi-globular, somewhat compressed, with a lateral curving ridge 1} in. long, 1 in. broad; disk and form of seg- ments of corolla unknown. 7, Bonarousta Guyanensis, nob.: Tabernemontana Guyanensis, Mill. Linn, xxx. 404. In Guyana (Poiteau) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Surinam (Miguel, sub Tab. oblongifolia). A species closely allied to the preceding, and said to approach T. disticha and oblongi- folia. It has terete angular branches, with internodes 5-6 in. long, and slender, com- pressed branchlets, with remote axils: the leaves are oblong elliptic, roundish and suddenly acute at the base, shortly cuspidate at the apex, crenulated on the margins, glabrous, subchartaceous, pallidly green above, with 10-12 pairs of divaricated, ascending, pro- minulent nerves arcuately conjoined, yellow opake beneath, with prominent reddish nerves, 48-7 in. long, 23-3 in. broad, on petioles hoodingly fossate, 1-2 lines long; panicles axillary, compact, 3 in. long, 5-8-flowered on a pubescent peduncle bare for 1 in., dichotomously and shortly branched, and bearing 8 or more closely approximated flowers on pedicels 23 lines long, supported by acutely ovate ciliolated bracteoles ; sepals obtusely obovate, ciliated on the margins, 14 line long, with an inner deeply 3-laciniated scale ; H 2 52 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZA., tube of corolla cylindrical, glabrous, 6 lines long, enlarged at the middle, where it is staminigerous ; segments oblong, 8 lines long, inflected below the middle in eestivation, the tips descending into the mouth of the tube; disk tubular, membranaceous, adnate to one half of 2 acute ovaries. 8. Bonarousia ovivacea, nob.: Tabernemontana olivacea, Mill. 1. c. p. 75. In Brasilia septentrionali : v. 8. in herb. meo et Mus. Brit. San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3114, sub “ Peschiere sp.”’). I do not perceive the resemblance of this species to the 7. heterophylla of Vahl, as stated by Miiller, except that, like many other species, it has unequal leaves, which in shape and size are very different; the fuscous, dichotomous branchlets are slender, glabrous, with axils 1-1} in. apart; the leaves are oval, or oblong ovate, patently opposite, suddenly acute at their base, hastily terminated by a long, narrow, recurved acumen 4-5 lines long, chartaceous, entire, with subrevolute margins, bright green above, opake, with immersed nerves, pale yellow beneath, opake, with reddish costa, and prominulent patent fine nerves, suddenly conjoined near the margin, 22-8 in. long (including the acumen), 13-1? in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long ; raceme in the dichotomy of the branchlets, very short and depauperated, on a peduncle 2 lines long, bearing above 3-4 caducous flowers, and 2 others above them, on bracteolated pedicels 5 lines long; sepals obtusely oblong, somewhat unequal, erect, imbricated, membranaceous, veined, 1} line long, with several minute inner scales; the cylindrical tube of the corolla in bud is 73 lines long, somewhat inflated below the constricted mouth, and near the base, the basal fleshy portion of the segments, forming the knob in estivation, is 2 lines long, the remaining introflected portion 5 lines long, descending into the tube; stamens as in the preceding species; disk cylindrical, submembranaceous, scarcely as long as the 2 acutely oblong ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the gen. char.; follicles unknown. 9. BonaFousia ruPicota, nob.: Tabernemontana rupicola, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 243; A. DC. l. c. p. 862; Mill. 2. c. p. 74. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. prope Rio Negro (Schomb. 898) ; Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2559), Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1463). A species distinguished by its twice trichotomous branches ; leaves almost sessile, elliptic oblong, obtuse and inequilateral at the base, acuminated at the summit, submembrana- ceous, entire, subfuscous above, sulcated upon the prominent midrib, many divergent prominulent nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, reticulately veined, beneath yellowish opake, the nerves semi-immersed, 23-5 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on channelled petioles 1 line long, very shortly fossated at the base; panicle lateral, 1-2 in. long, on a peduncle 3 lines long, bibracteolated at the base, supporting 3-5 approximated alter- nate flowers on pedicels 4-5 lines long, shortly bracteolated at the base ; sepals ovate obtuse, membranaceous, ciliated on the margin, imbricated, 1 line long, with a broad many-laciniated scale; corolla cylindrical, tube much narrowed in the mouth, thence gradually inflated below, 6 lines long; segments oblique oblong, membranaceous, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad, in estivation sinistrorsely convoluted, suddenly inflected, the tips entering within the mouth of the tube; stamens seated a little ahove the middle of the ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ, 53 tube on a narrow pilose ring; filaments short pilose; anthers acuminate, biaristate at the base, dorsally pilose; disk cylindrical, 5-sulcate, 5-crenulate, shorter than the two glabrous ovate ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character. 10. BonaFousia POLYNEURA, nob.: Tabernemontana rupicola, var. Sprucei, Mill. i.c. p. 75. In Ama- zonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1758, sub “ 7. rupicola affinis”). A species distinguished by its more densely foliaceous habit and its polyneurous leaves. Its dichotomous branchlets are rugulose, with axils 1}-2 in. apart; the oblong leaves, oval and suddenly acute at the base, not inzequilateral, constricted into an acute acumen, are dark rubescent green above, with subcrenulated numerous subpatent nerves 1-2 lines apart, opake and yellowish beneath, with fine nerves, scarcely prominulent, 3-5 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on channelled petioles 14 line long, transversely con- joined across the axils; raceme lateral, 1 in. long, on an angular peduncle 3 lines long, supporting about 3 flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; roundish, membranaceous sepals, acute, ciliated on the margins, 3 line long, with an inner trifid scale; tube of corolla cylindrical, fleshy, swollen below the narrow mouth, 5 lines long; segments obliquely oblong, about 8 lines long, 2 lines broad, introflected and convoluted sinis- trorsely in estivation, the extremities descending into the tube; stamens included in the middle of the tube, seated on a pilose ring; ovaries ovate, embraced at the base by a short annular adnate disk; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character. 11. Bonarousta RARIFLORA, nob.: Tabernemontana rupicola, var. oblongifolia, Mill. 1. c. p. 74. In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1005 ?). A species differing from 7. rupicola in its petiolated, very lanceolate leaves, almost nerveless, and a different inflorescence, a more slender habit, with virgated branchlets and distant internodes; the dichotomous slender branchlets are yellowish, striolated, with axils 14-23 in. apart; the leaves, subcrenulate, cuneately ineequilateral, with a long acumen, yellowish beneath, are 43-5 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on very thick petioles 2 line long, conjoined across the axils; the lateral raceme, on a peduncle 3 lines long, has a stipuliform bract at its base, and supports 3 alternate flowers, on pedicels 4—5 lines long; sepals acute, barely 1 line long; tube of corolla 43 lines long, narrowed in the mouth; segments dolabriform, 6 lines long, 3 lines broad, simply convoluted sinistrorsely in estivation; stamens seated on a pilose ring in the constriction of the tube; the rest as in the preceding species. TABERNEMONTANA. This genus was first proposed in 1703 by Plumier in his ‘Genera,’ p. 18, with a short character, illustrated by a drawing of its flower and fruit. He figured the plant in 1757, with a more copious description of his type, under the specific name of citrifolia un- dulata (Am. ii. 246, tab. 248 8), giving as its synonyms 7. citrifolia lanceolata, Hort. Cliff, and 7. frutescens, P. Browne. Linnzus, in his Sp. Pl. (1753) describes the genus 54 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES. Tabernemontana with 8 species :—1, 7. citrifolia, with lanceolate leaves, in Hort. Cliff, with a synonym of Plumier’s plant; 2, 7. lawrifolia of Sloane; 3, T. alternifolia, a doubtful species of Rheede, Hort. Malab. After this Tabernemontana became the receptacle for a host of heterogeneous species; so that in 1844, Prof. De Candolle enumerated more than 90, after separating four under two new genera, Peschiera and Bonafousia, Subsequently Prof. Miller removed these into Tabernemontana, adding nearly 40 new heterogeneous species. I have separated and classified most of these 130 species, retaining under Tabernemontana only those corresponding to the characters of the Linnean type, which I carefully examined; these are easily recognized by their hypocrateriform corolla, with sinistrorse zstivation, free slender stamens of a bluish tinge, seated above the middle of the tube, their summits being more or less exserted. The following may be considered to be the characters of the genus as here restricted. TaBERN#ZMOoNTANA, Plum., Linn.: Sepala parva, oblonga, obtusa aut acuta, quincuncialiter imbricata, seepe membranacea, 2 exteriora interdum latiora, squamula basali lata 2—4-lacinulata intus munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis; tubus cylindricus; segmenta 5, tubo paullo breviora, imo unguiculata, mox ineequaliter dilatata, seepius dolabriformia, expansa, xstivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum con- voluta. Stamina 5, gracilia; filamenta brevia, supra medium tubi inserta; anthere fere semper cerulescentes, imo longiuscule biaristate, apice cuspidate et hinc plus minusve exserte. Discus valde membranaceus, sub-5-lobus, ovariis multo brevior, et iis subadhzrens. Ovaria 2, oblonga, mutuo applicita. Stylus tenuis, sepe imo breviter fissus; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, 5-sul- cata, imo appendice submembranacea munita; stigmata 2, brevissima. Folliculi 2, valde divaricati, oblongo-ovales, gibbosi, stipitati, apice retrorsum rostrati, rima ventrali dehiscentes ; semina plurima, ovata, dorso striata, ventre concava, hilo mediano affixa, singula funiculis singulis pulposis semi- immersa, quomodo ad placentas suturales seorsum affixa. Arbores vel suffrutices Americe intertropice vel in Antillis vigentes, ramis sepe dichotome divisis ; folia opposita, oblonga, acuta, petiolata; cyme axillares aut terminales, sepe gemine ; flores albi vel lutei. 1. TaBERN#ZMONTANA CiTRIFOLIA, Plum. Gen. (1703) p. 18, tab. 30; Pl. Amer. (1737) ii. 246, tab. 248 8 (excl. syn.) ; Icon. archetyp. Plum. ined. in Bibl. Banks. tab. 31; Linn. Sp. Pl. (1758) (excl. syn.) ; A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 863; Lunan, Jam. ii. 222; Griseb. Fl. B. W. Ind. p. 409: Tabernemontana Jrutescens, Sloane, Jam. p. 182. In Antilles: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Van Rohr). A small tree, 15 feet high, with stout branchlets, having axils 2-8 in. apart, all lac- tescent; leaves rather large, oblong elliptic, cuneate or subacute at the base, somewhat acute at the apex, sides often folded together, margins undulated, bright green above, with about 12 pairs of immersed reddish nerves, yellowish opake beneath, with prominu- lent midrib and nerves, 3-63 in. long, 2-22 in. broad, on broadly channelled petioles with membranaceous margins, 3-6 lines long; panicles lateral, often opposite, with 4 branches, each bearing 2 flowers on short pedicels; sepals small, acute; corolla hypocrateriform, tube 8 lines long; segments a little shorter, linear oblong, oblique, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens inserted below the mouth of the tube; anthers linear, cerulescent, half-exserted, 14 line long, biaristate at the base; disk shorter than the 2 acute oblong ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character; 2 fol- licles on a peduncle 1 in. long, oblong, acute, costate, horizontally spreading, 24 in. long, ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 55 9 lines broad, enclosing several seeds attached to the sutural margins by reddish pulp- like funicles, in which they are half-imbedded. A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower and fruit, are shown in Plate VIT. a. 2. TaBERNAMONTANA LaNcEoLaTa, Linn. in Hort. Cliff. (1787) p. 76 (excl. syn.) ; Sp. Plant. (1753) p- 210 (excl. syn.) ; Jacq. Amer. (1763) p. 38, tab. 175. fig. 13 (flos), excl. syn.; Lam. Illust. tab. 170 (folium). In Antilles: v. s. plantam archetyp. in herb. Cliffort. Mus. Brit. ex Cuba (C. Wright 2948, in flore et fructu). This species has been confounded with the preceding from the time of Linnzeus down- wards; but the two plants differ obviously in the shape and size of the leaves, their venation, their inflorescence, and in their fruit. Wright’s specimen perfectly accords with Linnzus’s plant, so that no doubt can exist on the subject. This shows what little attention was paid by Linnzus, in his earlier days, to the exact definition of any species, as in the present case he mixed in one three very different species—(1) citrifolia, (2) lanceolata, (3) alternifolia (a Malay plant described by Rheede). Lamarck gives the leaf of this species in his tab. 170; but the floral parts and seeds are copied from Plumier’s ‘ Genera.’ This is a small tree 8 feet high, with smooth branchlets, having their axils 1} in. apart; the leaves are glabrous, subspathulately lanceolate, with a short obtuse acumen, flat, entire, pale green above, sulcated along the midrib, with about 14 pairs of patent immersed nerves suddenly conjoined within the margin, a little paler beneath, opake yellowish, with prominent midrib and very fine straw-coloured nerves, the transversely reticulated veins being immersed, 38-42 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on semiterete, broadly channelled petioles 2-4 lines long; a lateral panicle, on a peduncle 1 in. long, subdivided above into 2 branchlets 9 lines long, bearing alternate flowers on bracteolated pedicels 3 lines long; sepals small, each with an inner multidentate scale; tube of corolla 10 lines long, slender in the middle, ventricose below the mouth, a little swollen at the base, ‘segments 5 lines long, obliquely oblong, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens fixed in the constriction of the tube, anthers very slender, bluish, half-exserted; disk adnate, sub- 5-lobed in the margin, shorter than the 2 pointed oblong ovaries; follicles 2, often solitary by abortion, oblong ovate, compressed, with a sharp recurved point at the apex, rounded along the sutural margin, 1 in. long, 6 lines broad; seeds not very nume- rous, oval, striated on the dorsal face, deeply channelled on the ventral face, where they are attached to the fleshy funicle; they are 3 lines long, 2 lines broad. A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower and fruit, are seen in Plate VII. B. 3. TABERNEMONTANA NERIUFOLIA, Vahl, Ecl. ii. 21; DC. Prodr. viii. 367. In Porto Rico et Venezuela : v. 8. in hb. Mus. Brit. Cumancoa et Maracaibo (Moritz 357, Sagot 391). The very lanceolate leaves, slightly heterophyllous, are green above, with an opake granulated surface, with about 20 pairs of short patent nerves, conjoined near the margin, semi-immersed, and without veins, they are ochreously pallid beneath, opake, minutely corrugulated, with slightly prominulent nerves and are veinless; they are 56 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ, 3-84 in. long, -14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; the peduncle, either lateral or in the dichotomy of the branchlets, is 9 lines long, and is divided at its summit into 2, branches, each bearing few flowers; pedicels 2 lines long; sepals ovate oblong, sub- membranaceous, 14 line long, with several minute scales inside; tube of corolla nar- rowly cylindrical, 6 lines long; segments linear-oblong, 5 lines long, simply and sinis- trorsely convoluted in the bud; stamens inserted upon a puberulous ring below the mouth of the tube; anthers slender, semi-exserted, cuspidate at the apex, acutely biaristate at the base, of a greenish colour; disk membranaceous, two thirds the length of the 2 acute, oblong, striated ovaries; style slender, incrassated above by a clavuncle, as in the other species. 4, TABERNEMONTANA AMYGDALIAFOLIA, Jacq. Amér. 39, tab. 181. fig. 15 (non Seem.) ; A. DC. 1. ec. viii, 367 ; Ker, Bot. Reg. tab. 338: Cestrum nervosum, Mill. Dict. no. 3. In Nova Granada et Vene- zuela: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. et Hook. Carthagena (Miller), S. Martha (Schlim 945), Venezuela (Fendler 1429). A small lactescent shrub 6 feet high, with dichotomous slender branchlets; leaves lanceolate-oblong, cuneated at the base, acuminate, submembranaceous, pale green above, opake, entire, glabrous, nerves very patent (as in Z. neriifolia) and immersed, below yellowish, opake, with immersed dark pellucid nerves, with no apparent veins, 2-5 in. long, 9-18 lines broad, on slender petioles 8-6 lines long; racemes in the dicho- tomies of the branchlets, much shorter than the leaves; peduncle very slender, 1 in. long, bearing 4-5 flowers on alternate pedicels bracteolated at the base, 5 lines long; sepals 1 line long, acute; tube of corolla salver-shaped, 5 lines long, a little broader below the mouth ; segments spathulate oblong, expanded, nearly as long as the tube, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens somewhat exserted in the mouth; 2 free oblong, pointed ovaries, surrounded at their base by a disk 3 their length; follicles obovate, oblong, green, smooth, about half the size of those of 7. citrifolia, or less; seeds half-imbedded in pulpy funicles. 5. TaBERNEMONTANA ALBa, Miller, Dict. no. 2, ex Houston, MS.; A. DC. J. c. p- 362. In prov. Yucatan : v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Campeche, Vera Cruz (Houston). A very distinct species, having spreading, pallid branchlets, with axils 3-1 in. apart; leaves ovate oblong, somewhat acute at the base, suddenly contracted below the apex into a shortish obtuse acumen, margins subrevolute, chartaceous, green above, and granularly opake, midrib and very spreading nerves of a reddish colour not prominent, beneath opake, of a rusty yellow colour, with a prominent midrib, nerves prominulent, fuscous red, transverse veins immersed; they are 43-5? in. long, 2-24 in. broad, on sulcated petioles 5—7 lines long, fossated at the base, and conjoined at the axils by a transverse line; panicle between the terminal leaves, 2 in. long, 14 in. broad, with many rather close, somewhat stoutish branches again and again divided; numerous flowers on pedicels 2-4 lines long; sepals small, ovate, imbricated, # line long, each furnished within with 4 linear acute scales; tube of corolla cylindrical, swollen above below the mouth, and there somewhat 5-plicated, is 3 lines long, segments shorter, obliquely ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 57 oblong, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens originating in a pilose ring at the contraction of the tube; anthers slender, of a bluish colour, exserted at the apex; a short 5-lobed disk ; 2 free, striated, oblong, pointed ovaries; style ‘slender ; clavuncle thickish, deeply 5-grooved. , 6. TaBERNEMONTANA AcapPuLcEnsis, nob.: Tabernemontana amygdaleefolia, Seem.(non Jacq.) Bot. Her. p. 167: ramulis tenuibus, dichotomis, striolatis : foliis lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, imo sub- cuneatis, apice in acumen longiusculum attenuatis, marginibus crenato-sinuatis, submembranaceis, supra lete viridibus, opacis, minute granulatis, obsolete pilosulis, nervis divergentibus immersis, subtus flavide opacis, granulatis, nervis tenuibus rufescentibus paullo prominulis; petiolo semitereti, limbo 12plo breviore: panicula laterali folio 2-8plo breviore ; pedunculo tenui, folio 3plo breviore, sub 4-flora; pedicellis tenuibus, 4plo brevioribus, imo bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, obtuse ovatis, imbricatis, intus squamulis 2 lanceolatis imo munitis ; corolla tubo anguste cylindrico, supra medium paullo am- pliore, segmentis oblique oblongis, tubo fere equilongis, in exstivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convolutis ; staminibus in. constrictione tubi insertis, antheris tenuibus semiexsertis; disco tenui, 5-lobo, ovartis 2 oblongis striatis subadnato et triplo breviore; stylo tenui; clavuncula incrassata ; stigmatis lobis tenuibus subulatis. In Mexico: v. s. in hd. Mus. Brit. Veraguas (Seemann 1221), Acapulco (Pavon), Tehuantepec (Schott 432), Columbia (Cuming 1295). A shrub 8 feet high, with slender branches, called ‘jasmin del monte,” because of its odoriferous flowers. The leaves are £34 in. long, 4-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; the panicles are 13-2 in. long, on slender peduncles 6-9 lines long; pedicels 2-3 lines long ; sepals $ line long; tube of corolla 7 lines long, segments 5 lines long. 7. TABERNEMONTANA LAURIFOLIA, Linn. Sp. 308 (non Ker); Miller, Dict. no. 3; Poiret, Dict. vii. 528 ; Lunan, Jam. ii. 222; A. DC. J. c. p. 363; Jacq. Amer. 39; Willd. Sp. i. 1244; Grisebach, Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 409: Tabernemontana frutescens, Brown, Jam. 181: Nerium arboreum, Sloane, Jam. 154; Hist. Jam. ii. 62, tab. 186. fig. 2. In Antilles: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Sloane). A well-known species, but insufficiently described. Sloane’s specimen agrees well with his drawing (tab. 186). Lunan describes it as a tree 15 feet high, with a trunk as thick as a man’s leg, covered by a smooth whitish bark, and having tortuous branches ; its branchlets are curved, with axils 11 in. apart; leaves patently opposite along the terminal branchlets, oval-oblong, subacute at the base, suddenly contracted at the apex into a short acumen, lucidly green above, entire on the margins, with several patently . divaricating nerves, 4-5 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on straight petioles 1-14 in. long ; panicles lateral, 1-1} in. long, branching from the base, and bearing several approxi- mated yellow odoriferous flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals ovate, rounded, mem- branaceous, veined, imbricated, each having 3 short inner lanceolate scales; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical, a little wider above, 6-8 lines long; its segments, 5-6 lines long, are obliquely ovate and expanded horizontally on one side, and simply convoluted sinistrorsely in zstivation; the stamens are inserted in the upper portion of the tube; anthers cuspidate at the apex, extending a little beyond the mouth; a semi-5-lobed. disk, + shorter than the 2 free, adpressed, striated ovaries; style slender, surmounted by a thickened, deeply 5-sulcate clavuncle, having a membranaceous expansion at its base, T 58 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. and terminated by 2 subulate stigmata; 2 divaricated ovate follicles, subcompressed, stipitate, horned at the apex. The Tabernemontana laurifolia, Ker, Bot. Reg. ix. 716, is Taberna laurina. 8. TABERNEZMONTANA OCCIDENTALIS, nob.: ramulis pallidis, striatis: foliis oppositis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo acutis, apice in acumen obtusiusculum attenuatis, integris, submembranaceis, supra lete viridibus, costa tenui nervisque patentibus subimmersis, tenuibus, subtus pallidioribus, costa nervisque paullo prominulis ; petiolo supra plano, limbo 50plo breviore : panicula laterali; pedunculo bifido, ramis divaricatis, bracteolatis, 2-floris ; pedicellis tenuibus, bracteolatis ; sepalis obtuse ovatis, imbricatis, submembranaceis; corollz tubo cylindrico, subbrevi, segmentis membranaceis oblique oblongis; antheris subczrulescentibus, fere omnino exsertis. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit.? (Maclean). A species approaching 7’. citrifolia: its leaves are 44 in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles 1 line long; peduncle 10 lines long; its 2 branches 3 lines; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals 2 lines long; tube of corolla 3 lines long; segments same length and breadth; anthers 14 line long. 9. TaBERNzZMoNTANA BertzRiI, A. DC. J. c. p. 367. In Porto Rico: non vidi. Branchlets pallid; in the lower portions, where the leaves have fallen, they are annu- lated by a dilated ring; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, 2-3 in. long, 6-12 lines broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long, dilated at the base, and conjoined across the nodes; they are somewhat heterophyllous at the axils, membranaceous, nerves remote and patent; panicles axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, on a furcate peduncle, its branches, with few flowers, on pedicels 1 line long, with ovate bracteoles at the base; sepals obtusely ovate, 2 lines long; corolla 1 in. long, the tube constricted in the middle, segments inzequilaterally oblong, shorter than the tube; stamens included, seated in the constriction of the tube. The estivation of the corolla and other features are unknown; but the species is said to be near 7. amygdalefolia. 10. TapeRNz#MonTANA UTILIs, Arn. Edinb. Phil. Journ. viii. 318; A. DC. J. ec. p. 868. In Guiana, Gallica: non vidi. A species said to be near T. citrifolia, yielding a lactescent juice, and called “ hya-hya” by the natives: leaves oblong, obtuse at the base, suddenly acuminated at the apex, sub- coriaceous, glabrous, 4 in. long, 1? in. broad, on petioles 6 lines long; cymes axillary, much shorter than the leaves, few-flowered; the lower bracts opposite and foliaceous, upper ones adpressed about the calyx, ciliated; sepals obtuse, ciliated, tube of corolla cylindrical, segments rather short, roundish, simply convoluted; filaments short, seated near the middle of the tube; anthers long and deeply biaristate at the base. Species of Tabernemontana here excluded and assigned to their proper places :— Indications: D., De Candolle, Prodr. vol. viii.; B., Miill. Fl. Bras. fase. xxvi. 3 L., Mull. Linn. xxx. T. acuminata, Mill. L. 406 . . . . = Peschiera acuminata. f. acutissima, Mill. B.73. . . . . ~Anacampta acutissima. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 59 T. affinis, Mill. B. 83 . ‘ amygdalefolia, Seem. (non Jacq.) . . angulata, Mill. B. 72 . . arcuata, R. & P. D. 863 . australis, Mill. B. 84 . Benthamiana, Mill. B. 80 , Mill. (dis) B. 70 . bracteolaris, Mull. B. 83 . breviflora, Mill. B. 79 . . calycina, Spruce (non Wall.). Catharinensis, D. 865, B. 85 cestroides, Nees & Mart. . collina, Gardn. ‘ congesta, Benth. B. 71 . cymosa, Jacq. D. 364 - Mart. (non Jacq.) . a Soland. (non Jacq.) . discolor, Sw. D. 375. disticha, A. DC. D. 362 echinata, Aubl. D. 360. bs Vell. D. 360. T. fallax, Mall. B. 84 . T. fasciculata, Poir. D. 375 T. flavescens, R. & Sch. D. 375 . T. flavicans, R. & Sch. D. 375, B. 77 . PERERA aa Pa aeae ae as T. 3 Mill. B. 77 T. frutescens, Sloane, D. 363 . T. a P. Br. D. 363 . T. fuchsiefolia, A. DC. D. 365, B. 82. T. funiformis, Mill. D. 460, B. 144 T'. 5 var. peduncularis, Mill. T. Gaudichaudii, A. DC. D. 365, B. 81 T. glabrata, Mart. ‘ T. gracilis, Benth. D. 380. T. ,, Mall. B. 82 T. grandiflora, Jacq. D. 368 . T. Guyanensis, Mull. L. 404 . L. heterophylla, Vahl, D. 361, B. 76 ae 4 Benth. D. 361 . T. Hilariana, Mill. B. 85. T. hirtula, Mill. (in parte) B. 73 T. hystrix, Steud. D. 360 . T. jasminoides, H. B. K. D. 379 . = Peschiera affinis. Tabernemontana Acapulcensis. Anacampta angulata. Merizadenia arcuata. Peschiera australis. Peschiera multiflora. Codonemma calycina. Peschiera hystrix. Peschiera breviflora. Codonemma calycina. Peschiera Catharinensis. Robbia cestroides. Peschiera fuchsiefolia. Anacampta congesta. Taberna cymosa. Geissospermum Martianum. Peschiera Solandri. Taberna discolor. Taberna disticha. Peschiera echinata. Peschiera hystrix. Peschiera fallax. Thyrsanthus fasciculatus. Anartia flavescens. Anartia flavicans. Anartia flavicans. Tabernemontana citrifolia. Tabernemontana laurifolia. Peschiera fuchsiefolia. Mitozus funiformis. Mitozus exilis. Peschiera Gaudichaudit. Anartia glabrata. Malouetia gracilis. Peschiera gracillima. Stemmadenia grandiflora. Bonafousia Guyanensis. Peschiera heterophylla. Peschiera diversifolia. Peschiera Hilariana. Anacampta hirtula. Peschiera hystrix. Malouetia jasminoides. 12 60 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, T. leta, A. DC. (in parte) D. 364 . T. ,, Mart. (in parte) D. 364, B. 79 T. 4, var. pubescens, Mull. B. 79 T. levigata, Mart. B. 77 T. levis, Vell. A. DC. D. 375, B. 90 T. laurifolia, Ker (non Linn.) D. 363 . Ps es Schott . T. Linki, A. DC. D. 364 . T. litoralis, H. B. K. D. 868 . T. longifolia, Benth. D. 368 . T. lucida, H. B. K. D. 877 T. Lundii, A. DC. D. 365, B. 81 : T. (Odontadenia) macrocalyx, Mill. L403 T. macrophylla, Poir. D. 374. Benth. (non Poir.) B. 75 ®, ” T. Meyeri, Don, D. 368 T. multiflora, R. & Sch. D. 364. T. muricata, R. & Sch. D. 361, B. 80. FT. a Mull. B. 80 . 7. 4 Spruce, B. 76 T. oblongifolia, A. DC. D. 368, B. 74 . T. ochracea, Spr. B. 81. T. odorata, Vahl, D. 379 . T. olivacea, Mill. B. 75 T. parviflora, Poir. D. 374 T. paucifolia, Mill. B. 87. T. Perottetti, A. DC. D. 862. T. pilifera, Spruce, B. 73 . T. Poppigti, Mull. L. 405 . T. populifolia, Poir. D. 374 T. psychotriefolia, H. B. K. D. 366 T. Rawwolfii, A. DC. D. 364, B. 78 T. recurva, Sagot T. reticulata, A. DC. D. 366, ‘B. 87 T. Riedelii, Mull. B. 72 T. riparia, H. B. K. T. rubrostriolata, Mull. B. 7 T. rupicola, Benth. D. 362, B. 74 . Ds, 43 var. oblongifolia, Mill. B.75 eas var. Sprucei, Mill. B. 75. T. Salzmanni, A. DC. D. 362; T. Sananho, RB. & P. D. 868 . T. sessilis, Vell. B. 96 . . = Malouetia arborea. Peschiera leta. Peschiera florida. Anartia flavicans. Geissospermum leve. Taberna laurina. Stemmadenia imsignis. Peschiera Linkw. Peschiera litoralis. Anacampta longifolia. Macoubea, sp. ? Peschiera Lundit. Codonemma macrocalyx. Thyrsanthus macrophyllus. Phrissocarpus rigidus. Anartia Meyeri. Peschiera Linki. Peschiera muricata. Peschiera ochracea. Phrissocarpus rigidus. Bonafousia oblongifolia. Peschiera ochracea. Matlouetia odorata. Bonafousia olivacea. Thyrsanthus parviflorus. Rhigospira paucifolia. Bonafousia Perottetii. Anacampta hirtula. Taberna Péppigii. Thyrsanthus populifolius. Peschiera psychotriefolia. Peschiera Salemanni. Anartia recurva. Rhigospira reticulata. Taberna Riedelii. Malouetia riparia. Anacampta congesta. Bonafousia rupicola. Bonafousia rarifiora. Bonafousia polgneura. Peschiera Salzmanni. Merizadenia Sananho. Thyrsanthus sessilis. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA., 61 T. solanifolia, A. DC. D. 365, B. 86 T. Spixiana, Mart. B. 78. . ‘ T. Sprucei, Mull. (in parte) B. 86 . / i a Mill. (in parte) B. 86. T. stenoloba, Mull. L. 407 T. subcordata, Linn. Syst. 945 T. submollis, Mart. B. 70 . T. tenuiflora, Mill. B. 76 . T. ternstreemiacea, Mill. B. 88 . T. tetrastachys, H. B. K. D. 368 T. wmbrosa, H. B. K. D. 875 T. undulata, Vahl (non Mey.) . = Peschiera solanifolia. Peschiera Spixiana. Rhigospira Sprucei. Rhigospira sinuosa. Peschiera stenoloba. LEchites wmbellata. Anacampta submollis. Peschiera tenuiflora. Lhigospira ternstremiacea. Malouetia tetrastachys. Peschiera umbrosa. Bonafousia undulata. FE. re Spruce. : T. 7 Meyer, D. 368 T. versicolor, Mill. B. 146 Bonafousia obliqua. Anartia Meyeri. Mitozus versicolor. P. eo var. olivacea, Mill. Mitozus tenuicaulis. T. " » Orachystachys, Mull. Mitozus brachystachys. T. 55 » imtermedia, Mill. Mitozus rugosus. Tr 5 Wulfschlegelii, Griseb.. Anartia Wulfschlegelii. T. sp., Benth. . Malouetia lactiflora. Taperna, DC. Fifty-nine of the many species of Tabernemontana, enumerated by De Candolle under a section Taberna, are mostly of American, with a few of oriental origin, all combined under the single character of a follicular fruit. If we remove from these heterogeneous species all those belonging to Tabernemontana proper, and those belonging to other genera since constituted, we have a remainder, all American, which offer’ tolerably uniform characters; they are here comprised under a genus Taberna. Tasrrna, A.DC. Char. reformat.: Sepala 5, parva, ovata, erecta, imbricata, intus squamulis parvis acutis paucis vel pluribus munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus anguste cylindricus ; limbi segmenta 5, expansa, dolabriformia, sinistrorsum inflexa et convoluta. Stamina inclusa, paullo infra medium tubi inserta, subsessilia ; anthere subcoherentes, imo breviter et acute bifurcate, apice acuminate ; discus cylindricus, submembranaceus, margine crenulatus, ovario adnato arcte adglutinatus et eo dimidio brevior ; stylus tenuis ; clavuncula incrassata, imo membrana indusiata; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, seepius divaricati, oblongi, obtusi, subcompressi, stepe maculati, plus minusve arcuati, sutura ventrali dehiscentes. Semina plurima, in funiculos crassos pulposos semiimmersa. Arbores vel suffrutices Americe meridionalis, habitu Tabernemontane. From the above characters it will be seen that Taberna differs from Tabernemontana in the tube of its corolla being swollen in the middle, in the character of its stamens, which are quite included, and in a longer adnate disk. From Bonafousia it differs in the shape of its corolla, in the dolabriform segments of its border simply convoluted in zestivation, in the position of its stamens, and in the presence of a disk; from Peschiera 62 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. in the stouter tube of its corolla, in the position of its stamens, in the presence of a disk, and in its smooth (not muricated) fruit. 1. Taserya cymosa, nob.: Tabernemontana cymosa, Jacq. (non Solander) Amer. 39, tab. 181. fig. 14; A. DC. Prodr. viii. 364. Ad Cartagena: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. sine loco (ex hb. Vahl.), et sine flore. A species apparently known only to Jacquin, who describes it as a tree 15 feet high, of which the trunk is 6 feet long, its branches furnished with ovate-lanceolate acute, entire or scarcely undulated leaves, 6 in. long, the axillary cymes consisting of a broad, handsome mass of about 40 reddish-white flowers, on slender pedicels 3 lines long; calyx of 5 lanceolate-oblong, flat, erect sepals 2 lines long; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical, 6 lines long, 1 line broad, a little swollen above the base, the segments being dolabriform, expanded, 5 lines long, 3 lines broad, sinistrorsely convoluted ; stamens enclosed in the swollen portion of the tube; follicles 2 (one generally abortive), oblong, recurved, roundly obtuse at the extremity, with a lateral curving ridge on each side, rather large, of a reddish colour, spotted with unequal rusty blotches, 3 in. long, 1} in. thick, and containing many seeds, partly enveloped in yellowish succulent funicles. In the specimen above cited, the leaves quite agree with the description of Jacquin. On it is written (not by Vahl), “ Tad. citrifolia;” but it is very different from the original drawing of that species furnished by Plumier. In the specimen, the young branch is very slender, the axils 3-1 in. apart; the opposite leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, 3-44 in. long, #-1 in. broad, on petioles 4-5 lines long. Figures of this species, in flower and in fruit, are given in Plate VIII. a. 2. TABERNA DISCOLOR, nob.: Tabernemontana discolor, Sw. Prodr. p. 62; Fl. Ind. Occid. p- 5385; A. DC. l. c. p. 375; Lunan, Jam. ii. 222; Grisebach, Flor. Brit. W. Jnd. p. 409. In Antilles: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Swartz). This typical plant agrees with Swartz’s description in all respects, except the character of the anthers, “ ovate,” which shape is contrary to that of any of the Tabernemontane. I have examined the anthers in the above specimen, and find them to be narrowly oblong, acute and shortly bidentate at the base; stamens inserted above the middle of the tube and quite included, on which account the species is referred to Taberna. It is a shrub, 6 feet high, dichotomously branched, with slender 4-angular striated branchlets; leaves elliptic (younger ones lanceolate-ovate), acute at the base, with an obtuse acumen, inequilateral, with undulated margins, green above, very opake, nerves immersed and veinless, sulcated on the midrib, pallid beneath, yellowish, opake, minutely granulated, midrib and nerves prominulent and reddish, 23-8} in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles 7-9 lines long, fossated at the base and conjoined by a short trans- verse ridge; peduncle 2 lines long, its branches 5 lines long, each bearing 4-5 flowers, on pedicels 2 lines long, bracteolated at the base; sepals acutely oval, imbricated, with a prominent green nerve and pale membranaceous margins; tube of corolla 6 lines long, segments 3 lines long, inequilateral, ovate at the base, linear and horizontally expanded on the sinister side, simply convoluted sinistrorsely; stamens inserted below the ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA., 63 middle of the tube; anthers as before stated; disk very short, membranaceous, in- vesting the base of 2 ovaries ; follicles 2, containing many seeds half-immersed in pulpy funicles. 3. Taperna Laurina, nob.: Tabernemontana laurifolia, Ker (non Linn.) Bot. Reg. tab. 716; A. DC. i. ¢. p. 863. In Antilles: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Shakespear). De, Candolle states that this is very distinct from 7. lawrifolia, Linn., founded on Sloane’s plant, differing in its more rounded, cuneated leaves, having the nervation of T. neritfolia, and in its much larger flowers, which are white (not yellow), upon a much longer peduncle, bare at its’base. It is a lactescent shrub, with stoutish 4-angular branches, apparently much verrucated, with axils 2-1 in. apart; the opposite leaves are roundly obovate, cuneated from the middle to the petiole, with many nearly horizontally patent nerves conjoined along the margin, 24-54 in. long, 1-17 in. broad, on slender petioles 6-9 lines long, channelled above, broadly flattened at the base, and there con- joined by a transverse ridge at each node; panicles opposite, on bare peduncles 2 in. long, terminated by 3 alternate, very odoriferous flowers, on thickish pedicels 2 lines long; calyx thickly coriaceous, shortly cupshaped at the base; sepals 5, equal, roundly ovate, convex, imbricated, yellowish green, externally papillose and poriferous, emitting a viscous juice; tube of corolla thickly cylindrical, 9 lines long, 14 line broad, seg- ments inequilaterally oblong, very expanded, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens said to be short and fixed below the middle of the tube,—all being characters conformable with Taberna. 4. Taperna Poppicit, nob.: Tabernemontana Péppigit, Miller in Linn. xxx. 405. In Peruvia ad Tocache: non vidi. A species with the habit of 7. Sananho, R. & P., and with internodes as long as the leaves, which are elliptic, obtuse at the base, acuminated at the summit, membrana- ceous, with 14-16 pairs of arching nerves, concolorous, 8-9 in. long, 33—4 in. broad, with petioles 34 lines long; peduncle 13 in. long, bearing 6-8 slender flowers, which in bud are 63-8 lines long, on pedicels 3 lines long; sepals obtusely ovate, ciliolate, with 5-7 internal scales; tube of corolla puberulous within at the insertion of the stamens; ovaries obtusely ovoid, surrounded at the base by an adherent disk. 5. TABERNA DISPARIFOLIA, nob.: ramulis tenuibus, dichotome divisis: foliis plerumque heterophyllis, elliptico-oblongis, imo acutis, apice in acumen longum et angustum subito constrictis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, nervis tenuissimis patentim divaricatis vix prominulis, subtus pal- lidioribus, opacis, costa nervisque rufulis subprominulis; petiolis tenuissimis, canaliculatis, imo vaginatim conjunctis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: racemo laterali aut terminali, brevissimo ; pedun- culo depauperato, 1-2-floro; pedicellis ei zquilongis; sepalis oblongis, submembranaceis, imbri- catis, intus squamulis parvis acutis basalibus munitis: corollz tubo tenuiter elongato, medio angustiore, segmentis obtuse oblongis, subobliquis, quam tubus dimidio brevioribus, subreflexis, sinis- trorsum convolutis; staminibus versus medium tubi insertis; ovariis 2, oblongis, apice liberis, imo pro dimidia parte disco adnatis. In Peruvia: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Tarapoto (Spruce 4611). A species having the habit and appearance of a Peschiera: the axils of its slender dichotomous branchlets are 4-1 in. apart; its opposite leaves 24 and 1 or 23 and 14 in. 64 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES. long, in each axil, 7-10 lines broad, on petioles 3 and 2 lines long; the peduncle is 5-6 lines long, the pedicels 4-5 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla 14 lines long, 1 line broad in the middle; segments 8 lines long, 24 lines broad, horizontally and simply convoluted sinistrorsely in zestivation; style long and slender, clavuncle incras- sated with a basal membranaceous peltate appendage. 6. Taperna Rrepetit, nob.: Tabernemontana Riedelii, Mill. J. c. p. 72. In Amazonas ad Rio Madera (Riedel 1378) : non vidi. A shrub 8-10 feet high: subcoriaceous leaves broadly ovate, shortly acute at the base, with a short acute apex, punctulate-scabrous above, pallid below, and of an argillaceous olive colour, with about 15 pairs of nerves, 62-10 in. long, 4-5} in. broad, on very short petioles; panicle lateral, 8 or 10-flowered, on a scabridly hirsute peduncle, three times as long as the short petioles; pedicels as long as the calyx, with ovate ciliated bracts ; sepals broadly ovate and rounded, with ciliated margins, and with many internal basal scales; tube of corolla five times as long as the calyx, 94 lines long, finely pulverulent and scabrous outside; stamens seated below the middle of tube on a pilose ring; ovaries glabrous, slightly swollen below the middle by an adnate disk. 7. TaBERNA DISTICHA, nob.: Tabernemontana disticha, A. DC. viii. 362. In Guiana Gallica: non vidi. Branches terete, yellowish, with internodes shorter than the leaves: leaves dis- tichous, oblong, somewhat acute at the base, acuminate at the apex, membranaceous, 3-5 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; raceme lateral, on a thick peduncle scarcely longer than the petioles, bearing about 5 approximated flowers, on pedicels scarcely longer than the calyx, with ovate ciliated bracts at their base, 4 line long; sepals obtusely ovate, small; tube of corolla 7 lines long, cylindrical, a little swollen about the middle, segments oblong, shorter than the tube, puberulous on both sides; stamens inserted near the middle of the tube; anthers sagittate, subcoherent at the base; disk agglutinated to the base of 2 ovaries free above. A species said to be near T. oblongifolia. ANACAMPTA *. A genus distinguished by its stoutish angular branches, always more or less fistulous; leaves generally large, oblong, rigidly chartaceous, upon stoutish petioles, flat above, deeply and hoodingly fossate at the base, and conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; short lateral panicles on a stout peduncle bearing above several short branches, each with flowers on short pedicels; calyx generally rather small; tube of corolla cylindrical, stoutish, contracted below the middle at the insertion of the stamens, seg- ments rectangularly prolonged, ? the length of the tube, their apices descending into the tube in estivation, as in Bonafousia; disk cylindrical, free, tubular, 5-sulcate, and 5-crenulate; follicles 2, divergent, much compressed, dolabriform, smooth, each con- taining several ovoid subcompressed seeds attached to the suture by fleshy funicles. * From dvacaprrw (introflewo), from the singular introflexion of the segments of the corolla in xstivation. ° ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 65 Anacampta, nob.: Tabernemontana (in parte) auct.: Sepala parva, rarius majora, oblonga, erecta, im- bricata, intus squamula multifida munita. Corolla tubulosa; tubus cylindricus, supra medium paullulo ampliatus ; segmenta tubo paullo breviora, plus minusve curvata, ad basin pro tertia parte subrhomboidea, pro reliqua parte lineari-oblonga, hic in estivatione subito introflexa, apicibus obtusulis intra faucem protensis. Stamina inclusa; filamenta brevissima, ad constrictionem tubi inserta; anthere lineares, conniventes, cuspidatz, imo furcis 2 acutis subbrevibus armate. Discus carnosulus, cylindricus, 5-costatus, margine 5-crenatus, glaber vel hispidulus, ovariis paullo brevior. Qvaria 2, oblonga, libera, szepe pilosa ; stylus subbrevis ; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, imo membrana crispata peltata donata; stigmata 2, breviter subulata, terminalia. Folliculi 2, dolabriformi-oblongi, subacuti, valde compressi, leves, divaricati, ventre arcuato dehiscentes. Semina subpauca, ovata, compressa, dorso crebre striata, asperula, ventre late sulcata et ibi Ailo centrali notata, funiculo carnoso semivestita aut suspensa. 5 Arbusculz plerumque Brasiliane, sepius glaberrime ; rami validiusculi, angulati: folia opposita, plerumque majuscula, oblonga, glaberrima, coriacea aut rigide chartacea; petioli crassi, supra plani, imo angulosi, striati, superne versus basin cuculla concava muniti, et illic profunde fossati, ad nodos linea transversa nexi; panicule laterales, subbreviores, pedunculati, apice upproximatim ramose, ramis flores 3-4 breviter pedicellatis gerentibus. ]. Anacampra concusta, nob.: Tabernemontana congesta, Benth. MS.; Tabernemontana rubrostriolata, Mill. 7. c. p. 71, tab. 21. fig. 1. In Amazonas: ». s. in hd. meo et alior. Santarem (Spruce 282). Mr. Bentham’s specific name is here adopted in preference to the MS. name of Martius, employed by Miller, which does not apply to the present plant, and which probably was given by Martius to some undescribed species. It has stout, dichotomous, subfistulose branchlets, angularly sulcate, and of a yellowish colour: it has large obovate leaves, rounded at the base and suddenly narrowed along the petiole, obtuse towards the summit, and there constricted into a blunt, short acumen, or, by imper- fection, round and emarginate there; they are firmly chartaceous, with subrevolute margins, green above, sulcate on the midrib and divergent nerves, yellowish opake below, with prominent costa and reddish nerves, 44-74 in. long, 23-44 in. broad, on stout broad petioles 3 lines. long, channelled and deeply fossate at the base, and conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle lateral and solitary at the axils, 6 lines long, bearing several congested flowers on slender pedicels bracteolated at their base, 2 lines long; sepals ovate, ciliolated, imbricated, 1 line long, having within several lanceolate scales; tube of corolla 7 lines long, staminiferous in the middle, border- segments half as long, dolabriform, sinistrorsely convoluted in estivation; disk angular, adnate to the ovaries for half their length; fructiferous pedicel much stouter, 5 lines long, supporting 2 gibbous follicles acutely recurved at the summit. These are not yet matured in the specimen; they are smoothly opake, pale brown, 13-13 in. long, 34 lines broad, and contain about 16 unripe, oval compressed, striated seeds, attached in the middle of the ventral face to a fleshy funicle. Drawings of this species, in flower and in fruit, are given in Plate IX. B. 2, ANACAMPTA ANGULATA, nob.: Tabernemontana angulata, Mart.; Mill. 1. c. p. 72, tab. 23. In Ama- zonas, prov. Parad: non vidi. A well-marked cognate species, with stout dichotomous branchlets, deeply angular- K 66 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. sulcated, compressed, fistulose, dark, puberulous, with axils 3} in. apart; leaves elliptic- oblong, acute at the base, a long narrow acumen at the apex, glabrous, entire, granularly scabrid on both sides, with about 12 pairs of diverging nerves, 43-6 in. long, 33-33 in. broad, on stout channelled petioles, fossated at the base and conjoined by a transverse ridge across the thickened nodes. The panicles are solitary and lateral at the axils, on a stout striated peduncle 9 lines long, bearing 5-7 or more, closely congested flowers, on bracteolated pedicels 2-8 lines long; sepals oblong, 2? lines long; tube of corolla 9 lines long; segments gibbously ovoid, 6 lines long; disk cylindrical, surrounding 2 obovoid ovaries. 3. AnacaMpra acutissima, nob.: Tabernemontana acutissima, Mill. Fl. Bras. p. 73. In insulis fluv. | Amazonas: non vidi. This species is very near the preceding. Its branches are obtusely angular, sub- puberulous; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse at the base, terminated by a long, narrow, cus- pidate acumen, have about 18 pairs of nerves 7 lines apart, are very glabrous, 63-8 in. long, 22-34 in. broad, on petioles 2-24 lines long (probably deeply fossated and conjoined by a transverse ridge); panicle lateral, on a peduncle 43 lines long, bearing from 4 to 7 flowers aggregated on pedicels as long as the calyx, and furnished with triangular, obtuse, puberulous, ciliated bracts; sepals oktusely oblong, glabrous, with ciliated mar- gins, provided with 4 basal scales inside; tube of corolla glabrous outside, pubescent within along 5 longitudinal lines in the middle, where the stamens are inserted; segments oblong, narrowed horizontally, outside furfuraceous at the base, beyond glabrous, convoluted sinistrorsely in estivation; disk acutely 5-angled, surrounding the ovaries. 4, ANACAMPTA LONGIFOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana longifolia, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iti. 243; A. DC. i. c. p. 368. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 292 et 41 bis), Surinam (Mig. sub 7. oblongifolia), Cayenne (Van Rohr, sub T. triquetra). This must not be confounded with another 41 of Schomburgk’s plants, which is Thyrsanthus laurifolius. The branchlets are stout, angular, striolated, subfistulose, with axils 13-2 in. apart; its subcuneate oblong leaves, acuminate at the summit, are 5-10 in. long, 2-23 in. broad, on stout deeply fossate petioles 3 lines long, con- joined across the axils by a transverse ridge; inflorescence terminal at the end of a very short 2-leaved branchlet, so that it appears almost axillary ; peduncle stout, 1 in. long, divided at its summit into two erect stout portions 1 in. long, each bearing about 20 very closely alternate flowers, most of which are caducous; pedicels 3-4 lines long, issuing from as many imbricating, obsoletely puberulous, oblong, oval bracts 2 lines long, mostly caducous; sepals oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long, each with a 4-dentate scale within; tube of corolla cylindrical, 9 lines long, contracted at the mouth; segments oblong, gibbous, (expanded) 5 lines long, 4 lines broad, sinistrorsely convoluted, their extremities introflexed and descending into the mouth of the tube; stamens inserted above the middle of the tube; ovaries 2, oblong, pointed, free, and half-enclosed within a fleshy, cylindrical, 5-grooved, 5-crenate disk; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ., 67 5. ANACAMPTA SUBMOLLIS, nob. : Tabernemontana submollis, Mart. et Mill. J. c. p- 70, tab. 22. In Ama- zonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Rio Negro (Spruce 1666). A shrub 3-4 feet high, with dichotomous compressed branchlets, the axils 14-24 in. apart; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, opake pale green above, yellowish and very opake beneath, with about 16 pairs of paler prominent nerves, 5-7 in. long, 13-24 in. broad, on stout petioles 3-5 lines long, deeply channelled, fossate at the base, their margins conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle lateral, 2 in. long, on a peduncle 1 in. long, with several very short branches bearing flowers on stoutish pedicels 2 lines long, bracteolated at the base; sepals ovate obtuse, 1 line long, with 3 inner small lanceolate scales ; corolla tubular; tube cylindrical, very little swollen in the middle, 6 lines long; segments oblong, inequilateral, deeply introflected, the ‘ex- tremities descending into the tube; in estivation they are sinistrorsely convoluted into a small oval knob 2 lines long; stamens seated in the middle of the tube upon 5 longi- tudinal pilose lines; anthers acuminate, with 2 slender aristiform basal prongs; disk tubular, fleshy, 5-grooved, 5-crenulate, half the length of the 2 free, oblong, puberulous ovaries; style, clavuncle, and stigmata as in the generic character. 6. ANACAMPTA HIRTULA, nob.: Tabernemontana hirtula, Mart.; Mill. 7. c. p. 73, tab. 24. Ad Rio, Orinoco (Spruce 8660) ; Santarem, Rio Amazonas (Spruce 2474) (Spruce 3175), Santarem (Spruce 233, sub T. pilifera). A lank species, well represented in the drawing cited. Branches fuscous, fistulose, sharply 4-angular, hirsutulous or subglabrous, lenticellated, with axils 1-24 in. apart; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute at both ends, subinequilateral, margins subrevolute, char- taceous, very glabrous, pale green above, yellowish opake beneath, with prominulent patently divaricated nerves terminating in the margin, immersed reticulated veins, 5-10 in. long, 1?-3} in. broad, on channelled petioles 3-5 lines long, fossated at the base, there hooded, leaving a deep oblong hollow, and conjoined across the node by a trans- verse ridge ; panicles lateral and ‘solitary at the nodes, 3 in. long, on a deflected, com- pressed peduncle 2 in. long, or shorter, bifid at the summit, each branch bearing several. approximated flowers on pedicels 2 lines long, shortly bracteolated ; sepals ovate, imbri- ‘cated, 14 line long, each furnished at its base with very numerous acute scales; tube of corolla cylindrical, spirally twisted, 5 lines long; segments obliquely oblong, 44 lines long, deeply introplicated and convoluted sinistrorsely, forming in estivation a knob 2 lines long; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube; disk cylindrical, sulcate, crenate on the margin, pilose, shorter than the oblong glabrous ovaries. : v. 8. in hb. meo Rio Casiquiare RHIGOSPIRA *. A group of plants differing from Anacampta in the rigid segments of the corolla— which are erect, and simply convoluted in a pyramidal form in estivation: their leaves * From prydw (rigesco), oreipa (spira), because of the rigidly pyramidal form of the border of the corolla in estivation. K2 68 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. are generally very large, rigid, upon short stout petioles, deeply and hoodingly fossate at the base. Rureosrira, nob.: Tabernemontane sectio Stenocephalium, et Ambellania (in parte), Miller. Sepala ovata, interdum majuscula, valde imbricata, erecta, imo in cupulam brevissimam connata, intus squamulis numerosis 1-2 serialibus munita. Corolla tubulosa, mediocris ; ¢ubus imum versus sub- dilatatus ; segmenta tubo paullo breviora, anguste oblonga, erecta, in estivatione simpliciter et sinis- trorsum convoluta. Stamina basin versus ad contractionem tubi inserta, inclusa; filamenta brevis- sima; anthere acuminate, conniventes, imo breviter et obtusule bifurcate. Discus cylindricus, carnosus, sepe hispidulus, 5-sulcatus, ovariis paullo brevior. Ovaria 2, oblonga, libera; stylus brevissimus ; clavuncula incrassata, cylindrica, imo peltatim membranacea. Stigmata 2, subulata, terminalia. Suffrutices Brasilienses, plerumque Amazonici, rigescentes ; rami sepius angulati et fistulosi ; folia oblonga, breviter petivlata ; petioli crassi imo profunde cucullatim fossati ; 'panicule laterales, breves, dense pluriflore ; flores mediocres. 1. RarcosPrra QUADRANGULARIS, nob.: Ambellania quadrangularis, Miill. J. c. p. 18: Hancornia macro- phylla, Spruce MS. In Amazonas, v. s. in herb. meo San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3026). The branches are acutely 4-angled, 3 lines thick, sparsely verruculose, very fistulose, with remote axils; leaves oblong, rather acute at the base, rounded at the summit, rigidly chartaceous, undulately subplicate, margins subrevolute, dark reddish green above, opake, sulcated along the broad midrib, with about 12 pairs of spreading nerves, arcuately conjoined at the margin, with very numerous transverse veins much reticu- lated, ferruginously yellow and opake beneath, the midrib very prominent and angular, sulcate along the prominulent nerves, the surface spotted with large fuscous patches, 9 in. long, 37-4 in. broad, on stout rigid petioles 1 in. long, striately angular beneath, channelled above, with a short, broad, hooded, basal fosset, their margins conjoined across the node by a prominent ridge; panicle terminal, 5 in. long, spreading above to the same extent, on a bare 4-angular peduncle 3 in. long, trichotomously branched above, branches bare at the base for 1 in., each again trichotomously and shortly divided, the rays severally supporting about 4 subumbellate flowers, on pedicels 2-3 lines long; sepals acute, 3 line long; tube of corolla 3 lines long, swelling a little above the base, gradually narrowing to the mouth, lined within for 2 of its length with 5 densely pilose lines; segments linear oblong, obtuse, 3 lines long, erect, simply convoluted sinistrorsely and somewhat spirally in zestivation, rigid; stamens enclosed, seated in the basal con- traction of the tube; anthers acuminate, with 2 obtuse incurving basal prongs; disk cylindrical, striate, crenulate on the margin, enclosing 2 oblong ovaries of its own length ; style very short; clavuncle oblong, incrassated with a basal peltate membrane; stigma shortly subulate, terminal. A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are shown in Plate X. a. 2. RuicosPira VENULOsA, nob.: Hancornia macrophylla, Spruce MS.: Ambellania macrophylla, Miill. l.c.p. 18. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2483). Milller’s specific name is not adopted, in order to avoid confusion with another plant ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 69 so named by Spruce. It has terete branches, with axils about 2 in. apart; leaves elliptic, subacute at both ends, chartaceous, margins revolute, opake green above, sulcate along the midrib, with more than 50 pairs of prominulent patent parallel nerves arcuately conjoined within the margin, and fine intermediate reticulated veins, ferruginously opake beneath, sulcate along the immersed nerves, 4-6 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on channelled petioles 4-5 lines long, deeply fossate at the base, with a hooded margin, angular beneath, and conjoined across the nodes by a transverse ridge; panicle terminal, 3 in. long, on a bare peduncle 9 lines long, with several short branches, each supporting 3 flowers 13 in. long, on bracteolated pedicels 3 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long, each with numerous lanceolate minute inner scales; tube of corolla narrower in the throat, 8 lines long, gradually broader towards the base, 8 lines long, densely pilose for § its length from the mouth ; segments obtusely oblong, 4 lines long, simply sinistrorsely twisted in an obtusely pyramidal form in estivation; stamens included, inserted at the foot of the pilose ring ; anthers acuminate, with 2 obtuse short basal prongs; disk annular, 5-grooved, half the length of the 2 oblong ovaries; rest as in the generic character. 8. RurcosPira pauciFoiia, nob.: Tabernemontana paucifolia, Spruce; Miill. /. c. p. 87. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2564). This much resembles the typical species in habit and inflorescence. Its rugous branches are stout and fistulose; its leaves, fuscous and of a reddish hue, are obovate, subacute at the base, obtusely pointed at the apex, flaccidly chartaceous, with parallel divergent nerves terminating in the sinuosities of the margin, ferruginously reddish and opake beneath, with prominent fuscous midrib, nerves, and transverse very reticulate veins, 34-64 in. long, 3-4 in. broad, upon stoutish petioles 5-9 lines long, which are angu- lar beneath, deeply fossate at the base, the hollow being margined by an elevated hooded rim, and are connected across the node by a transverse ridge; panicles terminal in the younger branchlets, 24 in. long, on a bare peduncle 14 in. long, with an almost capitate head of several flowers, on close spreading branches bare at the base, each bearing 6 or 7 flowers on pedicels 14 line long, supported by short acute bracteoles; sepals ovate, 1 line long, ciliolated on the margins, with several inner basal scales; tube of corolla 3 lines ‘long; the segments oblong, 6 lines long, erect, and simply contorted sinistrorsely in eesti- vation; stamens inserted above the base of the tube upon pilose lines; disk cylindrical, thickish, 5-grooved, hirsutulous, very little shorter than 2 free ovaries. 4. Ruicosprra RETICULATA, nob.: Tabernemontana reticulata, A. DC. 1. c. p. 866; Mill. 2 c¢. p. 87, tab. 27. fig. 2. In Bahia (Blanchet 2336; Riedel 445) : non vidi. A species with stout, rigid, subcinereous branches, 4-angular at the apex, branchlets glabrous; leaves patent, obovate, subacute at the base, rounded or obtuse, and mucronn- late at the summit, with conspicuous nerves and reticulated veins, 3-54 in. long, 2-38 in. broad, on petioles 43-6 lines long, broad and fossate at the base; panicle terminal, on a peduncle 1+ in. long, verruculous, with several short subumbellate branches 24—3$ lines long, each bearing several close flowers 3—1 in. long, on pedicels 4 lines long; sepals obtuse, 14 line long, ciliolated, with very numerous lanceolate 70 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEH. 2-serial basal scales; tube of corolla 6 lines long; segments inequilaterally oblong, sinis- trorsely convoluted; stamens included; disk cylindrical, crenulate on the margin, half as long as the 2 ovate, pilose ovaries. 5. Rureosrira Sprucst, nob.: Tabernemontana Sprucei, Mill. J. c. p. 86, tab. 27. fig. 1. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2594). A species well represented in the drawing cited. Its branches, somewhat slender and verruculose, have axils 3-14 in. apart; its ovate, subflaccid leaves are 35-45 in. long, 2-21 in. broad, on rather slender petioles 6-10 lines long, shortly and deeply fossate at the base, the hollow margined by a hooded edge, and connected across the node by a trans- verse ridge; panicle terminal, 4 in. long, on a bare peduncle 2 in. long, trichotomous at its apex, with branches bare for 1 in. and bearing few flowers at their summits, on pedi- cels 24 lines long, supported by bracteoles 1 line long; sepals ovate, obtuse, imbricate, subscabridulous, with several inner imbricated scales at the base; tube of corolla cylin- drical, 5 lines long, pilose in the mouth; segments oblong, subinequilateral, 5 lines long, 24 lines broad, subscabridulous within, erect and simply contorted sinistrorsely in esti- vation; stamens included, seated on a retrorsely pilose ring a little above the base of the tube; anthers coherent, acuminate, with 2 acute basal prongs; disk cylindrical, thickish, 5-suleate, densely pilosulous, nearly concealing 2 free ovaries; style short, with an incrassated clavuncle. 6. Ruieosrira sinuosa, nob.: Tabernemontana Sprucei (in parte), Mull. /.¢. p. 86. In Amazonas: ». s. in herb. meo San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3693). > A species differing from the preceding in its larger, more rigid leaves, with extremely sinuous margins, always very rounded at the apex, and a more copious inflorescence. The leaves are very acute at the base, sulcate along the midrib, the prominulent fine divergent nerves terminating in the hollow of each sinus, ferruginously and granularly opake beneath, with dark rubiginous prominulent nerves and immersed reticulated veins, 4-6 in. long, 24-3 in. broad, on stout channelled petioles 3-1 in. long, shortly and deeply fossate at the base, the fosset surrounded by an elevated hooded edge, partly amplexicaul and connected across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle terminal, 4 in. long, upon an angular fuscous peduncle, spotted with small yellow lenticels, bare at its base for 23 in., supporting several approximated, lenticellate, spreading branches bracteolated at the base, bare for 3-6 lines, and bearing several congested flowers on pedicels 2-8 lines long, supported by oval bracteoles 1 line long; sepals obtusely ovate, 14 line long, fusco-pruinose, ciliated on the margins, furnished within at the base with subobsolete scales and ciliated hairs; tube of corolla cylindrical, a little swollen at the base, 3 lines long, with a pilose ring in the mouth; segments fleshy, oblong, sub- auricular at the base, erect, and simply convoluted sinistrorsely in eestivation, 5 lines long; stamens included, inserted above the base of the tube on 5 pilose lines; anthers acuminate, with 2 slender aristiform basal prongs; disk cylindrical, thickish, 5-grooved> pilose round the margin, and concealing 2 free ovaries; style short, with an incrassated clavuncle. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 71 7. RateosPrra TERNsTR@MIACEA, nob.: Tabernemontana (?) ternstremiacea, Miill. 1. c. p- 88. In Ama- zonas: v. s. in herb. meo San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3035). A very peculiar plant, which from its compact habit, its large rigid leaves, its dense flowers and larger sepals than usual, might lead to a supposition of its being the type of a distinct genus, as indeed Miiller intimated ; but these features ought only to be regarded as extreme manifestations of the normal characters of Rhigospira. The branch, 4 lines thick, is covered by a fuscous pruinose bark, marked by numerous raised longitudinal ridges connected by transverse muriform lines; and this is lined inside with a stratum of wood 3 line thick, leaving the centre broadly fistulose; the axils are rather close and somewhat dilated; leaves spreading, ovate oblong, suddenly acute upon the petiole, rounded at the summit, thickly coriaceous, very glabrous, with revolute margins, midrib broad and carinate, prominent spreading nerves that terminate in the margin, immersed transverse reticulated veins, yellowish opake beneath, with prominent midrib and nerves, 6-9 in. long, 3-5 in. broad, on stout curving petioles 6-9 lines long, which are deeply fossate within a hooded elevation, and conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge ; panicle lateral, 2 in. long, with a congested head of flowers upon a bare deflected peduncle 9 lines long, supporting several short branches, each bearing 3-5 flowers on crowded, bracteolated, short, angular pedicels 1 line long, the bracts 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, adpressed, coriaceous; sepals 5, linear oblong, fuscous red, subcoriaceous, erect, very imbricated, unequal, 4-5 lines long, 2-2} lines broad, the two exterior shortest, margin pale and undulated, each with very numerous, small, lanceolate scales, in 2 series, within at the base; tube of corolla not quite developed, cylindrical, angular, fleshy, shortly and suddenly broadened at the base, 7 lines long; segments oblong, fleshy, sub- inequilateral, 7 lines long, 3 lines broad, erect, and sinistrorsely convoluted in estivation ; stamens inserted upon the basal constriction of the tube, 14 line long, acuminate, obtusely cordate at the base, upon short filaments; disk annular, free, crenate on the margin, half as long as the 2 oblong, pointed, glabrous ovaries. PHRISSOCARPUS. A genus proposed for a plant from the Rio Negro, with thick, angular, fistulose branches, ‘and rigid coriaceous leaves on short broad petioles deeply and hoodingly fossate at the base, a short lateral inflorescence, with flowers much resembling those of Anacampta, but differing in its follicles, which are muricated, as in Peschiera. Purissocarpus, nob.: Tabernemontane sp., Mill. Sepala 5, subparva, obtuse ovata, crassa, margine ~ membranaceo ciliata, imbricata, singulatim squamula trifida intus munita. Corolla tubulosa ; tubus cylindricus, ad medium angustior ; segmenta triplo breviora, dolabriformia, intus puberula, in estiva- tione simpliciter sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina ad annulum retrorse pilosum in constrictionem tubi insita, inclusa; filamenta brevissima, retrorse pilosa ; anthere lineares, acuminate, conniventes, imo acute breviter bifurcatee. Discus tubulosus, margine ciliatus, liber. Ovaria 2, conice oblonga, quam discus 2plo longiora. Stylus simplex, stamina attingens ; clavuncula incrassata, cylindrica, imo membrana peltata donata. Stigmata 2, subulata, terminalia, Follicult 2, semiovati, crebre echinati ; 72 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER. semina plurima, obovata, apice subacuta, valde compressa, dorso crebre aspere striata, ventre concava, medio hilifera, et hinc funiculo carnoso suspensa. Frutex Brasiliensis: rami crassi, angulati, fistulosi, cum axillis remotis ; folia majuscula, rigida, oblonga, cum petiolis crassis brevibus fossatis ; panicula lateralis, brevis, crasse pedunculata, breviter pluriramosa, ramis 2-3-floris. PHRISSOCARPUS RIGIDUS, nob.: Tabernemontana macrophylla, Miill. (non Poir.) Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. xxvi. p. 75: Peschiera muricata, Benth. (non A. DC.). In Amazonas: v. s. in hb. meo et alior. Rio Negro (Spruce 1470). A well-marked species, with very large leaves, which are unequal at the base, rigidly coriaceous, margins recurved, above fuscous green, opake, minutely corrugulated, with convex interspaces between the sulcate patently divergent nerves arcuately con- joined near the margin, beneath opake ochreous, with very prominent thick reddish midrib and nerves, 84-117 in. long, 3-53 in. broad, on thick petioles only 2 lines long, deeply channelled, with a hooded elevated margin, deeply fossate at the base, and connected across the node by a transverse ridge. Panicle short, erect, lateral at the node, on an obsoletely pubescent stoutish peduncle 9 lines long, very shortly and rather closely branched, each branch bearing 2-3 flowers on stoutish pedicels 14 line long, supported by a shorter ovate bract ciliolated on the margin; sepals rounded ovate, distinct, 1 line long, with an inner basal 5-fid scale; tube of corolla (in bud) 7 lines long, cylindrical, suddenly narrowed in the middle; segments of the border rhomboidally dola- briform, 3 lines long, sinistrorsely convoluted; stamens inserted in the contraction of the tube, on a retrorsely pilose ring; anthers, disk, style, and clavuncle as in the generic character. Follicles gibbously oval, 1 in. long, 5 lines broad, with a thickly coriaceous pericarp, densely echinated as in Peschiera, dehiscing along the convex ventral suture; seeds not numerous, oblong, somewhat pointed at the apex, 5 lines long, 24 lines broad, longitudinally striated with several asperulous lines, subcompressed, channelled on the ventral face, where they are attached to a pallid fleshy funicle. A representation of this species, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seed are shown in Plate IX. a. CopoNEMMA*. This genus is proposed for a few plants from the Rio Negro and Guiana, the type of which is the Tabernemontana calycina of Spruce (7. Benthamiana bis of Miiller). They are distinguished by their large leaves and their inflorescence, the chief peculiarity of which consists in a large campanular calyx, cleft halfway down into 5 oblong imbricated divisions, the fleshy tubular portion being furnished within with numerous lanceolate scales, arranged in several series. Coponemma, nob.: Calya majusculus, tubuloso-campanulatus, superne ad medium in lobos 5 subacutos, oblongo-lanceolatos, margine membranaceos, erectos, subinzequales fissus, intus basin versus squamulis * From kédwy (campana), éypa (vestis), on account of its bell-shaped calyx. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 73 numerosis in seriebus 2-4 munitus. Corolle tubus cylindricus, paullo sub; medio constrictus, calyce sesqui longior ; segmenta 5, breviora, rotundato-dolabriformia, zstivatione simpliciter sinis- trorsum convoluta. Stamina inclusa ; filamenta brevissima, ad constrictionem tubi inserta; anthere graciles, subliberz, imo longiuscule biaristate, apice cuspidatz, conniventes. Stylus tenuis, stamina attingens; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, profunde 5-sulcata, imo membranaceo-appendiculata ; stigmata 2, brevissime linearia. Discus cylindricus, adnatus, profunde 15-sulcatus, margine obtuse 15-dentatus. Ovaria 2, acute oblonga, sulcata, disco 2plo longiora. Folliculi 2, oblongo-ovati, divaricati, apice recurvatim rostrati, rugulosi. Frutices in America meridionali vigentes, ramulis crassis, ad nodos compressis ; folia majuscula, oblonga, brevissime et crasse petiolata, petiolis oppositis, imo fossatis, marginibus linea transversali conjunctis ; panicule ad nodos unilaterales ; pedunculus apice ramosus, ramis 2-floris ; flores pedicellati. 1. CoponemMA caLyciNuM, nob.: Tabernemontana calycina, Spruce, MS. (non Wall.) : Taberne- montana Benthamiana (bis), Mill. J. c. p. 70. In Amazonas: v. 8. in hb. meo et Mus. Brit. San Gabriel, Rio Negro (Spruce 2110). A plant bearing much the appearance of Anacampta angulata, especially in its deeply fossate petioles. The branches are trigonous, dilated at the axils, which are 24-33 in. apart; the leaves are very oblong, subcuneate and inzequilateral at their base, con- stricted at the apex into a narrow acumen | in. in length; they are chartaceous, bright green above, sulcate at the 24 pairs of divergent immersed nerves, which terminate in the reflected margins, paler and yellowish opake below, midrib and nerves prominent, with transversely reticulated veins, 15 in. long, 3-8} in. broad, on stout channelled petioles 3 lines long, deeply fossate at the base and conjoined across the nodes by a transverse ridge; panicle lateral, fixed 4 lines above each node, on a peduncle barely 1 in. long, bearing 8 or 10 flowers on branchlets 1-2 lines apart, each supporting 2 flowers and 2 bracteoles at its apex, on pedicels 3 lines long; calyx tubular at its base, 9 lines long, divided above into 5 obtuse lobes 3 lines long, the tubular portion being fleshy, and furnished inside with numerous lanceolate scales in several series; the tube of the corolla in bud is as long as the calyx, the segments somewhat shorter, very gib- bously ovate, sinistrorsely convolute in estivation; stamens and disk as in the generic character. A drawing of this species, and the analysis of its flower, are shown in Plate VIII. . 2. CopoNEMMA MacRocALYx, nob. : Tabernemontana (Odontadenia) macrocalyx, Mill. in Linn. xxx. 403. In Guiana ad Acarouari (Sagot 394): non vidi. A species near the preceding. It is a tall shrub, with subscandent branchlets, very compressed at the nodes; leaves ovate, sometimes acuminate, suddenly constricted at the base upon the petiole, subchartaceous, patent, pale green on both sides, with about 12 pairs of divergent nerves, 63-8 in. long, 37-45 in. broad, on thick, short, channelled petioles 14-2 lines long, fossate at the base, their margins conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; panicle axillary or terminal, bearing several reddish-yellow odo- riferous flowers on a peduncle 9-12 lines long; calyx 77 lines long, tubular at its base, and divided halfway down into 5 oblong obtuse lobes, bearing within, at the base, several lanceolate scales; tube of corolla cylindrical, slender, twice the length of the calyx; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; disk cylindrical, adnate, deeply pluri- L 74 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. crenate on the margin; 2 ovate-oblong follicles are described as divaricately reflexed, and acutely recurved at the apex, rugulose. STEMMADENIA. This genus was established by Mr. Bentham in 1844, for a few handsome trees with large yellow or white campanular flowers, distinguished by a calyx of 5 large imbricated sepals, furnished inside at their base with numerous (near 100) small lanceolate scales, closely arranged in several series, which gave rise to the generic name. To this genus I have referred the Tabernemontana grandiflora of Jacquin, which fully accords in its characters with the typical species. Miss Drahe’s drawing in Mr. Bentham’s plate 44 correctly represents the flower with the border-segments convoluted sinistrorsely, as I have found them in all the other species examined by me; and so it is rightly stated in Mr. Bentham’s generic character; but in a note he adds, by mistake, that, Miss Drahe had erred in this respect in her drawing. Sremmapenia, Benth.: Tabernemontane sp., Jacq.: Odontostigma, Rich. (non Zoll.): Sepala 5, majuscula, obtuse oblonga, inequalia, quorum 3 exteriora breviora, bracteolis 2 suffulta, sub- membranacea, intus squamulis lanceolatis numerosissimis pluriseriatis munita. Corolle tubus calyce 2plo longior, latiuscule cylindricus, imo paullulo latior, superne campanulatim ampliatus; seg- menta 5, ampla, oblique rotundata aut dolabriformia, in astivatione simpliciter sinistrorsum convoluta. Stamina 5, infra medium tubi subsessilia ; anthere subcoherentes, cuspidatz, imo furcis 2 acutis aut obtusiusculis armate. Discus e lobis 5, marginibus confluentibus, apice crenulatis, suburceolatus, ovaria semitegens. Ovaria 2, distincta, oblonga. Stylus simpliciter teres; clavuncula incrassata, 5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata munita. Stigmata 2, terminalia, parva, subglobosa. Folliculi 2 (sec. Jacq.), valde divaricati, subcompresse ovati, retrorsum rostrati. Semina Tabernemontane. Arbuscule intertropice, plerumque Mexicane ; folia opposita, elliptica, petivlata ; racemi breves, pauciflori, in dichotomiis foliorum terminales ; flores majusculi, speciosi, flavi aut albi. 1. SremMapenia GraBrRa, Benth. Bot. Sulph. 425, tab. 44. In America centrali, sinu Fonseca (Hinds) : non vidi. A plant with erect stoutish branches and bifurcated branchlets, without stipules; leaves opposite, obovate, obtuse at the base, with a short, suddenly acute constriction at the apex, membranaceous, with subundulate margins, glabrous, green above, more pallid below, costa and 12-16 pairs of nerves prominulent, 5-6 in. long, 24-3 in. broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long, sulcate, with the margins conjoined by a transverse ridge across the node; panicle terminal, seated in the dichotomy of the branchlets; peduncle erect, 1 in. long, bearing 3-5 large handsome flowers, on pedicels 4-6 lines long, minutely bracteolated at the base; sepals 5, unequal, 2 inner oblong, nearly an inch long, 3 outer more ovate and shorter, very imbricate, erect, furnished inside with near 100 lanceo- late scales closely arranged in 2 series, supported at the base by 2 membranaceous oval bracts 3 lines long. Corolla tubular, nearly 3 in. long; tube 21 lines long, narrower in the lower half, suddenly swelling above into a broader but tubular form, and 7 lines wide in the mouth, below which are 5 longitudinal plicatures alternate with the stamens; segments gibbously oval, crenulate, 14 lines long, 12 lines broad, sinistrorsely con- ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 75 volute in estivation; stamens seated on the contraction in the middle of the tube, on 5 longitudinal pilose lines; filaments short, glabrous; anthers acute, with 2 some- what shortish acute basal prongs; disk very short, sub-10-lobed, embracing the base of 2 pointed oblong ovaries for about a quarter of their length; style, clavuncle, and stig- mata as in the generic character. 2. STEMMADENIA PuBEscENS, Benth. /. c. p. 125; Bignonia? obovata, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey’s Voy. p. 489. Realejo, Mexico: non vidi. An arborescent species, very near the preceding, with obovate leaves subacute at the base, shortly acuminate, glabrous above, membranaceous, margins entire, below very rigidly pubescent on the obliquely parallel nerves and reticulated veins, 4-6 in. long, on short petioles; racemes terminal, with few flowers 2-3 in. long, on short. pedicels ; 5 unequal oblong sepals, the 3 outer ones shorter; tube of corolla three times as long as the sepals, swelling above; an expanded border of 5 large, broad, roundish segments. 3. StemMapDENIA MOLLIS, Benth. J. c. p. 125. In Guayaquil: non vidi. A species with terete dichotomous branchlets, angular, pubescent; leaves obovate- oblong, narrowed at the base, pubescent above, tomentous below, 4-5 in. long, 14-24 in. broad, on very short petioles; sepals as in the preceding species, the outer ones and the bracteoles pubescent; corolla 3 in. long; tube longer than in the foregoing, more cylindrical, and less inflated. 4, STEMMADENIA GRANDIFLORA, nob.: Tabernemontana grandiflora, Jacq. Am. p. 40, tab. 31, (edit. 8vo) p. 51; Linn. Mant. p. 53; Lam. Dict. vii. 528 ; Illust. tab. 170. fig. 2 (icon. Jacq. reduct.) ; A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 368; Benth. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 243; in Pl. Hartw. p. 167. no. 1275; Seem. Bot. Her. p. 167; Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 83226. In Cartagena, Panama et Guiana (sec. Seem. J. c.) : in Ad. Hook. Surinam (Hostmann), Venezuela (Linden), Nov. Granada (Linden, Cuming 1124); v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Panama (Seemann), Guiana (Sagot 389, Schomb. 767). A tree 8 feet high, with lactescent branches and dichotomous branchlets: leaves elliptic-oblong, cuneate at the base, with a linear recurved acumen, entire, smooth, mem- branaceous, green above, with very slender nerves arcuately ascending, paler below, the reddish nerves scarcely prominulent, subimmersed, veins reticulated, 23-44 in. long, 3-14 in. broad, on slender sulcate petioles 2-3 lines long; a short panicle seated in the dichotomy of the branchlets, on a peduncle 3 lines long, bifurcate, its branchlets being 4 lines long, with several alternate small bracteoles and flowers mostly caducous, the: terminal one supporting a single pedicellated flower (rarely 2-flowered); pedicel 2-4 lines long; bracts 1 or 2 beneath the calyx, equally long, foliaceous, truncate at the base; sepals large, membranaceous, very imbricate, 3 interior uarrower, oblong, 8 lines long, 2 exterior double their breadth, truncate at their base, pointed, 5 lines long, all furnished at their base inside with numerous approximated pectinate scales united in a ring; corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical, 14 in. long, a little swollen and plicate below the mouth; segments of border inequilaterally obovate, or dola- briform, expanded, sinistrorsely convolute in estivation; stamens rather long, slender, L2 76 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. seated above the middle of the tube, their anthers free, biaristate at the base, their acuminate summits nearly reaching the mouth; disk of 5 roundish membranaceous lobes, connate below the margin, } the length of 2 free obovate ovaries; style shortly bifid at the base, simple above; clavuncle thickish, submembranaceously expanded at its base; 2 apical slender stigmata; 2 follicles globosely oblong, divaricately reflexed, with a recurved beak at the apex, 14 in. long, 10 lines broad, with numerous seeds, as in the other species, half-immersed in fleshy funicles. This fine species bears all the characters of a Stemmadenia, and is extremely different from a true Tabernemontana. 5. SrEMMADENIA INsIGNIs, nob.: Tabernemontana laurifolia, Schott, MS. (non Linn. nec Ker). Arbo- rescens, ramulis teretibus, pallidis, glabris, striolatis: foliis oppositis, oblongis, utrinque acutis, chartaceis, supra lte viridibus, opacis, sub lente minute granulosis, nervis plurimis, tenuibus, sub- patenter divaricatis, semiimmersis, subtus pallidioribus, costa nervisque flavidis subprominulis ; petiolis subtenuibus, limbo 10plo brevioribus: paniculis in ramulis novellis terminalibus, spicati- floris ; pedicellis imo et apice bracteolatis, bracteis ovatis, sessilibus ; sepalis 5, majusculis, oblongis, subpetaloideis, valde imbricatis, parallele nervosis, intus ad basin squamulis numerosissimis creber- rimis munitis; corolle tubo elongato cylindrico, supra medium subinfundibuliformi; limbi seg- mentis inequilateris, oblique rotundatis, valde expansis, in estivatione sinistrorsum convolutis ; staminibus paullo infra medium tubi insertis, acuminatis, basi breviter 2-lobatis, subsessilibus ; disco precedentium, ovariis 2 acute ovatis circumdato; stylo, clavuncula et stigmatibus generis. In Mexico: ». s. in hb. Mus. Brit. in Merida cult. (Schott 430). . A handsome species, near the preceding, cultivated in Merida under the name of “laurel.” Its branchlets are rather stout, with axils about 4 in. apart; the leaves are 33-54 in. long, 14-23 in. broad, on petioles 4-6 lines long; peduncle less than 1 in. long; pedicels 9 lines long; bracts ronndish oblong, 2-3 lines long; unequal sepals 6-8 lines long, 2-3 lines broad; tube of corolla 1{ in. long, narrower at the base for the length of 9 lines, somewhat funnel-shaped above, 1 in. broad in the mouth, 8 in. broad at the expanded border; segments 1 in. long, ? in. broad. The shape and size of the follicles are not given; but the seeds seem partially invested with a fleshy covering, as the birds are said to devour them greedily. A figure of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are exhibited in Plate X. B. 6. Sremmapenta Gatxorriana, nob.: Odontostigma Galeottianum, Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cub. xi. 868, tab. 56; Walp. Ann. v. 478. Cuba, cire. Havana in sylvis: non vidi. A tall tree, with slender dichotomous branchlets; opposite leaves oblong, acute at the base, summits acuminate, membranaceous, entire, with divergent nerves, 44 in. long, 2 in. broad, on petioles 4 lines long; panicle terminal in the dichotomy of the branchlets, bearing 3-6 large, handsome, yellow, odoriferous flowers; peduncle 6 lines long; pedicels 3 lines long; sepals 5, obtusely oblong, unequal in breadth, membranaceous, laxly im- bricate, with a smaller oval bract at the base, and furnished inside with very numerous lanceolate scales in 2 series; corolla broadish-tubular, 2 in. long, narrower within the calyx, the border-segments obliquely inequilateral, roundish, horizontally expanded, 1 in. long and broad, sinistrorsely convolute in zstivation; stamens acute, obtusely ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 7 bilobed at the base, seated in the contraction of the tube below and alternate with 5 long glands or plicatures of the tube, as in the typical species; disk of 5 connate glands, forming a short tube with a crenate margin, round the base of 2 much longer, free, oblong, pointed ovaries; style slender, terete; clavuncle thick, deeply 5-grooved, with a basal umbraculiform appendage ; stigmata short and globose. 7. STEMMADENIA BELLA, nob.: ramulis teretibus, dichotomis : foliis elliptico-ovatis, sepius conduplicatis, imo acutis, apice recurvatim subito acuminatis, submembranaceis, supra profunde viridibus, opacis, nervis tenuibus vix prominulis; petiolis brevibus, supra planis: racemis opposite axillaribus, vel in dichotomiis ramorum solitariis ; pedunculo fere folii longitudine, pene a basi alternifloro ; pedicellis validis, medio et sub calyce bracteolatis; sepalis oblongis, obtusis, membranaceis, medio cras- sioribus, inequalibus, valde imbricatis, intus squamulis numerosissimis acute lanceolatis crebre 2-3-seriatis munitis ; corolla tubulosa; tubo (parte intra calycem) angustato, superne subcampanu- lato; segmentis oblique rotundatis, reflexis, in estivatione sinistrorsum convolutis; staminibus ad contractionem tubi insertis sub lineis 5 pilosis, inclusis; antheris sagittatis; disco annulari, margine vix crenulato, ovariis 2 acutis 1 breviore; stylo subbrevi; clavuncula dilatatim oblonga, imo mem- brana donata; stigmatibus brevissimis. In Mexico: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Mexico (Brotero 884). The axils are thickened and 1-14 in. apart; the leaves are 3-5 in. long, 13-3 in. broad, on petioles 8-5 lines long; peduncle 4 in. long, floriferous nearly to the base ; flowers 1-2 lines apart; pedicels thick, 3-4 lines long; bract 2 lines long; sepals 5-6 lines long, 2 lines broad; tube of corolla 10 lines long, the contracted basal portion 4 lines long; segments 6 lines long and broad. 8. STEMMADENIA BIGNONIZFLORA, nob.: Echites bignonieflora, Schl. in Linn. xxvi. p. 3872. In Mexico: non vidi. A handsome species, bearing all the characters of this genus. It is a branching shrub, with somewhat slender branchlets, dilated at the axils, with a transverse ridge support- ing several prominent stipules, the stems verruculated with broadly oval white lenticels ; leaves lanceolately elliptic, acute at both extremities, green, glabrous, with pellucid yellow edges, with 10-12 pairs of arcuately conjoined nerves and reticulated veins, paler beneath, 4 in. long, 1} in. broad, on broad petioles with membranaceous edges 3-4 lines long; short racemes at the ends of 2 young axillary branchlets, consisting of 2 pedicellated flowers, upon a short peduncle; pedicels bracteolated at the base; sepals 5, unequal, 6-7 lines long, very imbricated, 2 exterior acutely ovate, 3 interior broader, glabrous, furnished within at the base with a corona of dense small acute scales in 2 series; tube of corolla narrowed at the base, funnel-shaped above, more than 1 in. long, with deltoid segments of nearly the same length; stamens seated in a pilose ring above the bottom of the tube, upon 5 long pilose lines; anthers 23 lines long, acutely hastate ; disk cupular, sub-5-lobed, shorter than the 2 ovaries; style simple; clavuncle subcapitate, terminated by 2 short stigmata. Species excluded :— Stemmadenia Guatemalensis, Miller = Ualouetia Panamensis, Mill. 78 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, MERIZADENIA *. This genus is proposed for a few South-American plants uniform in their characters, the type of which is the Tabernemontana Sananho of the ‘Flora Peruviana.’ They are tall trees, with an erect trunk, a branching head with large leaves, all yielding an abundant milky juice. Merizapenta, nob.: Calyx parvus. Sepala 5, ovata, erecta, imbricata, singulatim squamula 2-dentata intus munita. Corolla anguste infundibuliformis; fubws cylindricus, supra medium paullo ventri- cosus, et hinc spiraliter 5-nervosa; segmenta spathulato-oblonga, obtusa, obliqua, tubi fere longi- tudine, latere dextro mucronulata et hinc sub zstivationem subito introplicata, apicibus faucem fere attingentibus, et sinistrorsum convoluta, post expansionem extus omnino deflexa. Stamina in parte ventricosa tubi inclusa, subbrevia; jfilamenta brevissima; anthere in conum coherentes, apice acuminate, imo tenuiter 2-furcate. Discus 5-lobus, lobis erectis, obtusis, discretis. Ovaria 2, acute oblonga, libera, disco paullo longiora; stylus simplex, tenuis; clavuncula incrassata, parvula, ad antheras agglutinata; stigmata 2, minima, terminalia. Polliculi 2, globosi vel ovati, plus minusve retrorsum rostrati, divaricatissimi, sutura ventrali longitudinali dehiscentes. Semina plurima, obo- vata, dorso plurisulcata, nuda, ventre canaliculata, in sulci medio hilo notata, et hinc funiculo pul- poso affixa et ei semiimmersa, funiculis ad placentas suturales utrinque cohzrentibus. Arbores Americe meridionalis ; trancus crassus, erectus, ramosissimus ; folia opposita, majuscula, oblonga, acuta, glabra, breviter petiolata; corymbi ad nodos solitarii, pedunculati, multiflori ; pedunculus imo nudus, apice bis trichotome divisus ; flores mediocres. 1. Menizapenra Sananuo, nob.: Tabernemontana Sananho, R. & P. Flor. Per. ii. 22, tab. 144; A. DC. Prodr. viii. 368. In Peruvia: non vidi. A tree nearly 40 feet high, with a spreading head, an erect trunk, and copious branches, all yielding a copious milky juice. It has stoutish terete dichotomous branch- lets, with axils 14 in. apart ; leaves oblong, boatshaped, acute at the base, and with a long, narrow, recurved point, repandly undulated at the margins, with prominent divergent nerves and reticulated veins, 5-6 in. long, 2-24 in. broad, on stout subtetragonous petioles 3-5 lines long, thickened and fossate at the base, where they are conjoined across the node by a prominent ridge. A single extra-axillary panicle at the nodes, 10-20-flowered, 1} in. long, on a stout peduncle 4 lines long, bearing several branchlets 2-3 lines long, each supporting 3 flowers on stoutish pedicels 2 lines long, furnished with small, cordate, rounded bracteoles; calyx 24 lines long, with 5 rounded sepals; corolla 12 in. long, pale yellow, divided halfway into 5 segments; tube cylindrical, angularly striated; segments spathulately oblong, gibbously rounded at the summit, with a strong, nearly median nerve, suddenly and completely deflexed, 10 lines long, 6 lines broad; stamens smallish, biaristate, inserted near the middle of the tube; 2 divaricated follicles subglobose, stipitate at the base, with a short recurved apex, smooth, 2 in. long, 14 in. broad, con- taining many dark obovate compressed seeds costately striated on the dorsal face, 6 lines long, half-imbedded in the fleshy funicles. * From peplfw (divido), et div (glandula), on account of its divided disk. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOOYNACEA. 79 2. Menizapenta arcuata, nob.: Tabernemontana arcuata,'R. & P. 1. c. p. 22, tab. 1483; A. DC. 1. c. p. 863. In Peruvia: non vidi. A tree more than 60 feet high, with a spreading head; branchlets stoutish, dichoto- mous, pallid, subcompressed, with axils 1 in. apart; leaves oblong or lanceolate oblong, pointed at both ends, flat, patent, ‘with prominulent diverging nerves, 5-6 in. long, 1}-2 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long, fossulate at the base, and conjoined by a short transverse ridge; panicles 14 in. long, branching from the base; peduncles slender, 4 lines long, branched, alternately bracteolated, each bearing about 3 alternate flowers ; on slender pedicels 3 lines long, furnished with a small acutely ovate bracteole; sepals acutely oblong, 1 line long ; corolla pale yellow; tube cylindrical, 6 lines long; segments spathulate-oblong, 5 lines long, 3 lines broad, deflexed; stamens inserted a little below the base of the tube; disk of 5 small free glands; ovaries 2, free to the base, pointed ; follicles large, divaricated, oblong, roundish, with an obtuse, reflexed apex, 2? in. long, 14 in. broad, containing many obovate seeds 4 lines long, dorsally costate, reddish, half- imbedded in scarlet fleshy funicles. 3. MerizaDENIA AMPLIFOLIA, nob.: Tabernemontana macrophylla, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. p. 276 (non Miill.) ; A. DC. Prodr. viii. 374. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Martin), Guiana (Pollard 10, sub T. oblongifolia), Surinam (Hostmann). A species near V. arcuata. Branches compressed, striolated, fistulous, with dilated axils 2 or more inches apart; leaves elongate-oblong, acute at the base, broadish above, suddenly constricted near the summit into a somewhat narrow acumen, un- dulate and subrevolute at the margins, thinly chartaceous, glabrous, pale green above, granularly rugous, sulcate at the patently divaricate nerves, paler beneath, with prominent midrib and 12 pairs of prominent nerves, 6-9 in. long, 27-34 in. broad, on rather slender channelled petioles deeply fossulate at the base and conjoined across the nodes, 3-5 lines long; panicles axillary; peduncles thick, angular, short, alter- nately 3-branched, each branch bearing several approximated pedicellated flowers, often geminate or subumbellate, its close prominent joints having a short caducous bractlet; pedicels 6 lines long; sepals ovate, obtuse, submembranaceous, 2 lines long ; tube of corolla cylindrical, 9 lines long; segments unequally oblong, obtuse, 7 lines long, and quite deflexed, sinistrorsely convolute in estivation, as in MZ. Sananho. A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seeds, are shown in Plate XI. a. ANARTIA *. The plants of this small group much resemble in appearance many of the species of Peschiera in having unequal pairs of leaves, and a depauperated inflorescence with a salver-shaped corolla; but they differ notably in the longer and more linear form of its segments, inflected downwards, as in Bonafousia, and convolute dextrorsely (not sinis- * From dvdprus (imperfectus), because of its unequal leaves and impoverished inflorescence. 80. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. trorsely) in estivation; they differ also in the position of the stamens, which are placed in the upper portion of the tube (not in the lower), and in the peculiar form of its disk, which, though distinct, is easily overlooked. Awnartia, nob.: Tabernemontane sp. auctorum. Sepala 5, parva, sepius lanceolata, intus ad basin squamulis 2-3 minimis bidentatis munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; tubus tenuiter cylindricus, supra medium paullo inflatus, fauce constrictus ; segmenta 5, lineari-oblonga, tubo subbreviora, ad medium subito introrsum flexa, et in estivatione dextrorsum convoluta, demum expansa. Stamina subsessilia, supra medium tubi in parte ventricosa inclusa; filamenta brevissima; anthere tenuiter lineares, subdiscretze, imo breviter biaristatz, apice membrana acuta terminate. Discus cylindricus, adnatus, truncatus, hyalinus, vix distinguendus. Ovaria 2, conice oblonga, disco 2plo longiora. Stylus filiformis; clavuncula incrassata, breviter oblonga, 5-sulcata, imo appendice membranacea munita; stigmata 2, breviter subulata. Frutices Americe callidioris ; rami graciles, sepius dichotomi ; folia opposita in quoque nodo valde heterophylla, lanceolata aut oblonga, breviter petiolata; racemi azxillares, breves; pedunculus sub- brevis, crebriter cicatricosus, et e floribus lapsis sepe depauperatus ; flores persistentes pauci, pedicellati. 1. Anartra Meyert, nob.: Tabernemontana undulata, Mey. (non Vahl) Esseq. p. 185; A. DC. J. ¢. p. 368: Tabernemontana Meyeri, Don, Dict. iv. 89. In Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. (sine flore) Acarouari (Sagot 391, sub 7. oblongifolia, DC., var. angustifolia). A species certainly different from Vahl’s plant, as its leaves are not undulated, its sepals unequal, and the corolla pubescent in the throat, and its leaves are in very unequal pairs. It is a shrub with subflexuous dichotomous branches, the branchlets compressed, with remote axils. The leaves are oblong, acute at the base, constricted at the summit by an obtuse linear acumen, firmly chartaceous, the margins somewhat revolute, of a very pale green above, opake, with immersed patent nerves arcuately con- joined within the margin, yellow and opake below, with immersed nerves, the unequal pairs being 4 and 2 in. long, 7 and 4 lines broad, on channelled petioles 3 and 14 line long: in the upper axils they are somewhat smaller, and in the same proportions. Meyer says the inflorescence is terminal on a short peduncle, bearing 3 or 4 flowers on short pedicels, each with a basal ovate obtuse concave bracteole; sepals unequal; corolla 1 in. long; tube cylindrical, ventricose below the mouth, which is pubescent; segments oblique, linear oblong, obtuse; anthers included below the mouth of the tube; disk not seen (said to be none); ovaries conical; style simple; clavuncle incrassated, with a basal membranaceous appendage. ‘These characters are quite those of Anartia. 2. Anartia rEcURVA, nob.: Tabernemontana recurva, Sagot, MS. (non Roxb.): ramulis tenuissimis, dichotomis, pallide brunneis, compressis, striolatis, stipula utrinque interpetiolari ad nodos rotun- data adpressa membranacea donatis: foliis valde heterophyllis, patentibus vel deflexis, lanceolato- oblongis, utrinque sensim valde acutis, marginibus subrevolutis, subchartaceis, supra pallide viridi- bus, opacis, ad costam sulcatis, nervis immersis, subtus opace flavicantibus, costa flava prominente, nervis rufulis prominulis ; petiolis tenuissimis, canaliculatis, stria transversali basi conjunctis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: paniculis in nodis solitariis lateralibus, circa 12-floris ; pedunculo bifurcato ; sepalis parvis, acutis, intus squamula parva munitis ; corolla hypocrateriformis tubo cylindrico, infra faucem inflato ; segmentis oblongis, medium versus introflexis, in xstivatione dextrorsum convolutis ; filamentis brevibus, supra medium tubi insertis; antheris tenuibus, tubi parte ventricosa inclusis, ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 81 liberis, imo 2-lobatis, apice acuminatis; disco adnato; ovariis 2 acute oblongis, quam sepala paullo longioribus, striatis ; stylo filiformi; clavuncula incrassata, oblonga, 5-sulcata; stigmatibus 2 subu- latis. In Guiana: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. (Sagot 388). A species very distinct from A. Meyeri; it resembles Peschiera diversifolia in its lanceolate leaves, but differs in its longer petioles and in its inflorescence. Its axils are 14 in. apart; the leaves in each pair are respectively 3 and 1 in. long, 8 and 4: lines broad, on petioles 4 and 2 lines long; the peduncle is 4 lines long, its branches somewhat longer, each bearing about 6 bracteolated pedicels 3 lines long; sepals acute, submembrana- ceous, 1 line long; tube of corolla 8 lines long; its segments oblong, obtusely pointed, 5 lines long, 2 lines broad. A figure of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are shown in Plate XI. s. 3. ANARTIA GLABRATA, nob.: Tabernemontana glabrata, Mart. MS.: ramulis teretibus, pallidis, strio- latis, stipula interpetiolari utrinque ad nodos oblonga obtusa adpressa donatis : foliis elliptico- vel lanceolato-oblongis, imo acutis, apice sensim attenuatis, chartaceis, ad nodos valde heterophyllis, supra viridibus, opacis, costa sulcata, nervis curvatim divergentibus arcuatim nexis, subtus flaves- centibus, opacis, crebre granulatis, costa flava prominente, nervis prominulis; petiolis subtenuibus, canaliculatis, imo fossatis, limbo 12plo brevioribus: panicula laterali; pedunculo scabridulo petiolum zquante, depauperato, cicatricibus plurimis e floribus lapsis crebris signato, hinc paucifloro ; pedi- cellis calyci equilongis, imo bracteolatis; sepalis oblongis, rotundatis, membranaceis, carinatis ; corollz tubo anguste cylindrico, paullo supra medium inflato, ad faucem constricto ; segmentis lineari- oblongis, obtusis, tubum fere equantibus, in ewstivatione profundé introflexis et dextrorsum con- volutis ; staminibus ad constrictionem tubi in annulum retrorse pilosum insitis, inclusis; ceteris ut in char. gen. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. meo Barra do Facaé (Martius). An undescribed species, with the nodes of its branchlets 14-1} in. apart; leaves 3-54 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, on petioles 3-5 lines long; peduncle 6 lines long, cicatrized from the base, bearing towards the summit few alternate pedicels 4 lines long; sepals 14 line long; tube of corolla 11 lines long; segments 9 lines long, 2$ lines broad ; 2 oblong ovaries embraced for half their length by a tubular hyaline disk, scarcely dis- tinguishable ; style very slender, 7 lines long. 4. Awartia WuLFSCHLAGELII, nob.: Tabernemontana Wulfschlegelit, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 409. Jamaica (Wulfschlegel) : non vidi. A tortuous shrub, with subquadrangular branchlets marked below with annular nodes where the leaves have fallen off; leaves in unequal pairs, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, with an obtuse acumen, nerves somewhat distant, arcuately conjoined, pairs 2 and 5 in. long, 3-13 in. broad, on petioles 3-8 lines long, conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge; raceme lateral, a little longer than the petiole; sepals 2 line long, roundish ; tube of corolla 4 lines long; segments obliquely ovate-oblong, obtuse, a little shorter than the tube; stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers 2 lines long; disk scarcely discernible. A species evidently near the preceding. 82 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 5. Anartia FLAvicaNns, nob.: Tabernemontana flavicans, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 797; A. DC. 7. ¢. p. 375 Mill. J. c. p. 77 (excl. synon.), tab, 25. fig. 1: Tabernemontana levigata, Mart. In Brasilia (Hoffm. in herb. Willd.) : non vidi. Miiller states that the Peschiera latifolia (Spruce 236), from Santarem, is identical with Willdenow’s plant. Spruce’s plant and Miiller’s drawing are now placed before me side by side; and I can pronounce them to be distinct, not only ina specific point of view, but that they belong to two different genera. Miiller’s copious description of Taberne- montana flavicans is therefore of no value, as the characters are mainly derived from Spruce’s plant. We have no trustworthy evidence in regard to the species in question, except the short character of this plant as quoted by De Candolle; to this we may add Mitler’s plate 25, above mentioned, which appears to have been made from Willdenow’s typical specimen, which coincides sufficiently well with the original description. From these two sources the following diagnosis is drawn up. Miller gives no analysis of the flower; it is therefore probable that he never saw the specimen, and that he obtained his drawing from some other source. It has very slender, dichotomous, erect branchlets, with axils 4-1} in. apart; the opposite leaves, of equal length, are very lanceolate, very acute at the base, with a gradually narrowing blunted acumen, 2-24 in. long, 4-5 lines broad, on slender petioles 21-8 lines long; the lateral raceme has a peduncle bare at the base for 6 lines, bearing 3-4 alternate flowers above, on bracteolated pedicels 3-4 lines long; sepals acute; tube of corolla 1 in. long, narrowly cylindrical, 14 line thick, swelling below the mouth to a breadth of 2 lines; segments oblong, when expanded 1 in. long, 5 lines broad; stamens included and inserted in the constriction, at 2 the length of the tube. These characters are obviously those of Anartia; and the species closely approaches 4. recurva. 6. ANARTIA FLAVESCENS, nob.: Tabernemontana flavescens, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 797; A. DC. 2. ¢. p. 375. In Brasilia: non vidi. A species evidently near the preceding, with broader, more shortly acuminate, oblong leaves 2 in. long; an axillary peduncle, bracteolated, 2 lines long, bearing subumbellate flowers on filiform pedicels 1 in. long; the flowers less than 6 lines long. 7. Anartia Bocorensis, nob.: Echites Bogotensis, H. B. K. iii. 215, tab. 243; A. DC. 1. c. p. 474: Amblyanthera Bogotensis, Mill. Linn. xxx. 452. In Ecuador, Santa Fé de Bogota: non vidi. A species certainly not belonging to Amblyanthera. It is a scandent plant, with straightish, terete, striated, canescently subpubescent branches, with axils 14-2 in. apart; leaves oblong, rounded or obsoletely cordate at the base, acuminate, submembrana- ceous, with entire or subrevolute margins, green and glabrous above, with 2 bifid fleshy, glabrous glands superposed at the base of the midrib, reticulately veined, beneath densely glauco-farinaceous and subpubescent, 24 in. long, 11-14 lines broad, on chan- nelled puberulent petioles 3 lines long; 2 opposite racemes, 24 in. long, including a short peduncle 2-8fid at the base, each branch bearing several alternate flowers the size of those of Vinca minor, on pedicels 4-5 lines long, supported by an acute bract 4 line long; sepals acute, oblong, imbricated, glabrous, with as many alternate inner trifid ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 83 basal scales; corolla salver-shaped, white, its tube cylindrical, 4 lines long, pilose within ; segments obliquely oblong, roundish on one side, with crispate margins, dextrorsely convoluted, rotate, a little longer than the tube; stamens inserted in a pilose ring above the base of the tube; filaments short, pubescent; anthers slender, with a membranaceous apex, acuminate, obtusely and shortly 2-lobed at the base; disk of 5 oblong lobes, hardly discernible; ovaries 2; clavuncle incrassated, 5-grooved, with a peltate membrane at the base. The species is very near A. flavicans. GEISSOSPERMUM. This peculiar genus was established in 1849, by Dr. Fr. Allem&o, with an excellent description and drawing. Its chief characters reside in its alternate leaves, its extra- axillary inflorescence, the segments of the salver-shaped corolla having a dextrorse con- volution, in its cordate anthers, and especially in the structure of the follicles and seeds. Six species are here enumerated, all Brazilian. GetssosPeRMUM, F. Allemio: Sepala 5, lanceolata aut ovata, subacuta, imo in cupulam brevissimam connata, intus squamula minuta annulo pilorum intermixta instructa. Corolla hypocrateriformis tubus cylindricus infra faucem paullo inflatus et ibi obsolete plicatus, intus annulo pilorum signatus ; segmenta oblonga, obtusa, vix inequilatera, in estivatione paullo dextrorsum convoluta, tubo sub- breviora. Stamina 5, inflatione tubi inclusa; filamenta brevia, retrorsum pilosa; anthere subovate, apiculate, imo emarginato-bilobe. Discus urceolatus, membranaceus, ovaria fere abscondens. Ovaria 2, ovata, discreta, pilosa; stylus simplex; clavuncula incrassata, ad antheras agglutinata ; stigmata 2, breviter obtusa, terminalia. Folliculi 2, valde divaricati, oblongi, imo rotundati, apice sensim acutati, baccati, ventre sutura crassa dehiscentes, marginibus profunde introflexis et placenti- feris. Semina ex utraque placenta 2-5, subcompresse ovata, uno latere, in centro, hilo signata, hoc ad funiculum subcarnosum peltatim affixa, primum in hunc semiimmersa, dein sua prolongatione a pla- centa suspensa ; testa calva, chartacea ; tegmen membranaceum ; albumen tenuiter corneum ; embryo heterotropus eo subbrevior ; cotyledones 2, cordato-deltoides, foliacee ; radicula teres, ad summum spectans, dimidia longitudine cotyledonum. Arbores proceri Brasilienses frondosi, via lactescentes, cortice externo crasso, interno plurilamel- lato; ramuli bis trichotome divisi, exstipulati; folia alterna, elliptica, petiolata; panicule eztra- axillares, folii dimidia longitudine ; pedunculus brevis, 2-ramosus, ramulis flores plures pedicellatos - parvos subumbellatos gerentibus, cunctis sepius undique pubescentibus. 1. Gerssospermum Vettost, Fr. Allem. Trab. Soc. Vellos. tab. 7 (excl. syn. Vell.) ; Mill. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 90 (in parte): Vallesia sp., Riedel in Man. Agric. Bras. Prov. Rio de Janeiro, in montibus ad altit. 1000 ped. et ultra: non vidi. A tree of great height, the trunk covered with a very thick bark, and an inner lamellar bark, apparently not lactescent; branches flexuous, twice trichotomous, branchlets straight, cinereo-tomentose, becoming smooth; axils 4 in. apart; leaves alternate, subdistichous, elliptic, acute at the base, acuminate, very undulate on the margins, chartaceous, younger oves cinereo-sericeous, with nerves prominulent on both sides, 2-3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; panicle placed 2 lines above or below the axils; peduncle stout, angular, 4 lines long, its 2 branchlets 2 lines long, bracteolated, bearing on their summits each 3-4 fasciculated flowers, on pedicels 1 line long; sepals M 2 84: ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. lanceolate, 1} line long, connate at the base, cinereo-pilose; tube of corolla cylindrical, angular, pilose outside, glabrous within, except a narrow pilose ring in the contracted mouth, below which it is somewhat swollen, 4 lines long; segments oblong, obtuse, 3 lines long, slightly dextrorsely convolute in zestivation; anthers free, ovate, cordate, on short pubescent filaments ; disk very pilose, concealing the ovaries; follicles spread- ing, 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, with a pericarp 3 lines thick, 2 sutural placente aggluti- nated together, nearly reaching the opposite side of the cell, each bearing on its outer face 4 or 5 seeds, their summits overlapping each other; seeds ovoid, 7 lines long, 4 lines broad, with a central hilum on one face, where they are attached to a fleshy funicle, in which they are half-imbedded; embryo in thin albumen, with 2 cordate cotyledons, and a radicle half their length, pointing to the apex of the follicle. Dr. Freire Allemao (Joc. cit.) correctly repudiates the reference of this plant by Riedel to Vallesia, on account of its extra-axillary inflorescence, and especially the character of its fruit and seeds. The analysis of its fruit and seeds (from Allemio), is given in Plate XIT. a. 2. GuEISSOsPERMUM L&vE, nob.: Tabernemontana levis, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 105, Icon. iii. tab. 18; A..DC. Prodr. viii. 375: Geissospermum Vellosii, Mull: in parte (non Allem.) J. c. p. 90, tab. 28, quoad fructum: Prov. Rio de Janeiro (in maritimis, circa Tejuca) : non vidi. This is a species very different from the preceding, though united with it by Dr. Allemao. It differs in being a much smaller tree, with glabrous (not tomentous) branchlets, in its much narrower lanceolate (not elliptic) leaves retuse (not undulated) on the margins, quite glabrous (not pubescent), in its simple 2- or 3-flowered short raceme (not a divided panicle of 8 flowers), calyx and corolla glabrous outside (not pubescent), in its follicles very acute and reflexed at the apex, in its thicker, glabrous, yellow pericarp replete with a lactescent juice, containing 4 (not 8 or 10) seeds. Dr. Miller (Fl. Bras. fase. xxvi. p. 90) could only reconcile these differences by inferring that Velloz’s details are not to be depended upon as to accuracy; but no one would agree in this opinion who has seen the delicately executed original drawings of Velloz (some of which I possess), which were so roughly copied by the Paris lithographer. In these plates of the ‘Flora Fluminensis,’ we may rely on the general accuracy of the rough outlines of the plates, as to form and dimensions. In Velloz’s plant the very glabrous lanceolate. leaves are 2-3 in. long, 3-1 in. broad, on petioles 14-2 lines long; the peduncle of the infra-axillary inflorescence is 3 lines long, and supports generally 3, sometimes 2, subalternate bracteolated pedicels 13-2 lines long; the acuminate glabrous sepals are 14 line long; corolla yellowish white, glabrous outside, everywhere puberulous within, has a cylindrical tube 6 lines long, with oblong segments 43 lines long, a little convoluted in estivation; 2’ oblong follicles, spreading, rounded at the base, terminated by a long reflexed acute point, 24 in. long, 14 in. broad, each containing 4 separate seeds, as distinctly stated by Velloz; these are oval, compressed, 8 lines long, 6 lines broad, half-immersed in a white succulent funicle. ‘ 3. GrrssospeERMUM Martianum, nob.: Tabernemontana cymosa, Mart. MS. (non Jacq.): ramulis crassis, subfistulosis, pallidis, subangulatis, striatis, lenticellis albis sparsim verruculosis; axillis ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ:. 85 remotiusculis : foliis alternis, lanceolato-oblongis, imo ineequilateris et cuneatis, subobtuse acuminatis, glaberrimis, marginibus retusis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, opacis, nervis tenuissimis im- mersis, subtus flavide opacis, costa nervisque tenuissimis rubellis vix prominulis ; petiolo tenui, canali- culato, quam limbus 16plo breviore ; foliolis in ramulis novellis inferioribus alternis, in superioribus 4 approximatim verticillatis: paniculis lateralibus et solitariis aut suboppositis, glaberrimis; pedun- culis longiusculis, tenuibus, striatis, apice trichotomis, ramis 3-floris; pedicellis tenuibus; sepalis ovatis, acutis; corolle glabra tubo cylindrico, intus supra medium piloso, infra faucem paullo inflato, et inde staminifero; segmentis oblongis, obtusis, paullo convolutis, tubo brevioribus ; staminibus brevibus ; filamentis brevibus; antheris vix acutis, imo cordatis; disco cylindrico, membranaceo, ovaria 2 abscondente ; stylo tenui; clavuncula incrassata, subpentagona, glandulifera, apice 5-dentata imo appendice membranacea aucta; stigmatibus 2, breviter rotundatis, apicalibus. In Parahiba Brasilie, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in hb. meo ex herb. Mart. sub Tabernemontana cymosa, Mart., Parahiba. This species much resembles G. Vellosii in general appearance. The axils are 24-8 in. apart; the leaves are 3% in. long, 1} in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; the peduncle of the inflorescence is 3-9 lines long, its 3 branches 9 lines long, each much divaricated, with 3-4 branchlets, each bearing about 4 flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; sepals 2 line long; tube of corolla 3 lines long; the segments 2 lines long. The specimen is from one of Martius’s Brazilian sets, collected by others, and distributed in 1827. 4. GEISSOSPERMUM RAMIFLORUM, Mart.: Aspidosperma ? ramiflorum, Mill. 1. c. p.55. Rio de Janeiro : non vidi. This species bears all the characters of Geissospermum, and appears very near the preceding. Miller was persuaded that it accorded ill with Aspidosperma. It has ashy black branches, verruculously lenticellated; leaves alternate, elliptic, obtuse or more acute at both ends, very glabrous, membranaceous, fuscous, opake above, with 8-10 pairs of nerves prominulent, very horizontally patent, with others shorter and intermediate, reticulated, 23-34 in. long, 14-13 in. broad, on petioles 5 lines long; panicles lateral, nearly sessile, many-flowered, without pedicels, with a small pubescent bract; sepals ferruginously hirtellous, oblong-ovate acute, 1} line long; tube of corolla 43 lines long, fulvo-hirtellous, somewhat inflated above; segments glabrous, oblong-ovate subacute, as long as the tube; ovaries glabrous, with ovules in pairs in 4 series. 5. GEIssosPERMUM SoLanpRi, nob.: Wheeleria alternifolia, Sol. Prim. Flor. Bras. p. 66: ramulis tereti- bus, lenticellis parvis verruculosis : foliis 3 ultimis minoribus, approximatis, reliquis remotioribus, alternis, ovatis, imo acutis et inzquilateris, superne subrotundatis et in acumen brevissimum obtusum repente constrictis, marginibus vix revolutis, supra viridibus, opacis, minute granulatis, nervis tenuissimis, semiimmersis, subtus ochraceo-pallidioribus, opacis, costa flava prominente, nervis flavidis vix conspicuis; petiolo tenui, quam limbus 5plo breviore: panicula terminali, 2-3-ramosa, ramis fuscis, alternatim paucifloris ; pedicellis subbrevibus ; sepalis acute ovatis, oe parce hispi- dulis ; corolle parve tubo quam calyx 3plo longiore, extus scabride piloso, intus piloso ; segmentis brevibus, ovatis, medio pilosulis, paullo dextrorsum convolutis ; staminibus supra medium tubi insertis ; antheris acutis, imo cordatis ; disco urceolato, ciliato-denticulato 3 ovariis 2, globosis, pilo- sulis, disco absconditis ; stylo filiformi ; clavuncula incrassata glandulifera. In prov. Rio de Janeiro : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. loc. cit. Solander (4. D. 1768). 86 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, This plant bears much resemblance to a Vallesia, to which genus Riedel referred G. Vellosii. It is a tree with a smooth bark; the axils of its slender branchlets are about 3 in. apart, except the three terminal ones, which are barely 1 line distant; the leaflets there are about 9 lines long; the leaves of the main branchlets are 2—2¢ in. long, 14-1} in. broad, upon slender petioles 7 lines long; the peduncle of the corymb is 4 lines long, its 8-4 branches 4 lines long, their 2 secondary branches 13 line long, each bearing 2 small flowers on pedicels 4 line long; the sepals 4 line long; the tube of the corolla 14 line long; the segments # line long; the stamens, upon very short filaments, are enclosed within the mouth of the tube. These characters all conform with Geissospermum, rather than with Vallesia; its only peculiarity is the more diminutive size of its flowers. A drawing of this species, and an analysis of its flower, are seen in Plate XIT. a. The Wheeleria oppositifolia, Sol., is described under Thyrsanthus velutinus, nob. 6. GzIssosPERMUM SERICEUM, Benth. & Hook. Gen. il. 707: Thyrsanthus sericeus, Sagot, MS.: ramis subvalidis, dichotomis, ramulis tenuibus: foliis alternis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen longiusculum subito constrictis, chartaceis, margine undulatis, supra lete viridibus, opacis, obsolete pilosis, costa prominente, nervis prominulis, venis reticulatis, subtus fulvide opacis, costa nervisque sublanatis ; petiolo tenui, sulcato, obsolete puberulo, limbo 9plo breviore: racemis axillaribus, con- gestifloris, quam folium triplo brevioribus ; floribus parvis, ochraceo-pubescentibus ; corolla parva; segmentis angustis dextrorsum convolutis. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. loc. cit. (Sagot 966). Its branches are 1—2 lines thick, the branchlets more slender, with axils 3-1 in. apart, with a transverse line across the nodes; leaves 8 in. long, 14 in. broad, on a petiole 4 lines long; panicles axillary, 7-1 in. long, on a stout peduncle 8 lines long, with numerous approximate flowers, all covered with yellow tomentum; pedicels 1 line long; sepals 2 lines long, linear oblong, obtuse; segments of corolla linear, glabrous, 3 lines long. MALOUETIA. This genus was established in 1844 by Prof. De Candolle, who placed it in his tribe TABERNEZMONTANES, from which it was separated by Dr. Miiller. It has many species, forming trees or erect shrubs, with opposite entire leaves, the nodes generally much dilated by a thick transverse sheath, on which the petioles are inserted; the leaves generally oblong and acute at both ends, or lanceolate, have ascending nerves, which are often furnished below, at the angle of each nerve, with a poriferous gland. Matovustia, A. DC.: Sepala 5, parva, acuta, erecta, singula squamula acuta intus munita. Corolle tubus cylindricus, 5-nervis, sepe spiraliter tortus, medio paullo ventricosus, fauce constrictus, et ibi sepius squamulis 5 preditus ; segmenta 5, oblonga, subacuta, simpliciter dextrorsum convoluta. Stamina subinclusa, apice sepius paullo exserta; filamenta ad constrictionem tubi inserta; anthere lineares, acuminate, in conum coherentes, imo furcis 2 brevibus acutis armate. Discus e iobis 5 dis- cretis erectis subacutis; ovaria 2, eo paullo longiora, oblonga; stylus tenuis stamina attingens ; clavuncula incrassata cylindrica, imo membrana peltata donata ; stigmata 2, brevissime lincaria be: minalia. Folliculi 2, teretes, sepius divaricati, glabri, aut rarius pilosi, sulco ventrali deiinediss suture marginibus introflexis in placentam cylindricam coalitis. Semina lineari-oblonga, valde. on ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 87 pressa, glabra, ex una facie Ailo centrali peltatim affixa, marginibus membranaceis canaliculatim introflexis ; albumen oblongum, compressum, parcum ; embryo hoterotropus ; radicula parva, supera, teres, cotyledonibus 2 oblongis 4plo brevior. Frutices plerumque Brasiliani, dichotome ramosi ; folia opposita, breviter petiolata ; inflorescentia breviter pedunculata ; flores plurimi, longe pedicellati, subfasciculati. 1. Matoveria tamaquarina, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 378; Deless. Icon. v. p. 31, tab. 47; Mill. (in parte), Flor. Bras. fasc. xxvi. p. 92: Cameraria tamaquarina, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. 260, tab. 102. In Guiana: v. 8. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Aublet), Guiana (Sagot 1143). This typical specimen is very different from the two Brazilian plants referred to the same species by Dr. Miller. The leaves have a rufescent hue, with immersed nerves sulcate above, which are slender and prominulent below, with porous glands in their axils. 2. Matovetia Gutanensis, nob.: Malouetia tamarquarina, var. minor, A. DC. 1. c. p. 379: Cameraria Guianensis, Aubl. 1. c. p. 262: Cameraria lutea, Lam. Dict. i. p. 5738. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Aublet). A species differing from the preceding in its much smaller leaves more acute at the base, rarely with porous glands in the axils of the nerves, in its much smaller flowers, the corolla having a shorter tube. Its slender branches are shining black, and striated; the leaves are lanceolate-oblong, acute at the base, with a narrow, sublinear apex, very entire, chartaceous, opakely green above, with slender subimmersed nerves, opake and rufously brown below, with reddish nerves and midrib little prominent; they are 3} in. long, 1 in. broad, on slender, black, channelled petioles 2 lines long. 3. Matovetia oporata, nob.: Tabernemontana odorata, Vahl, Ecl. ii. p. 22 (excl. synon.) ; A. DC. l. c. p. 879; Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 343. In Guiana: v. s. im herb. Mus. Brit. (Schomb. 951). This species has dichotomous fuscous branches, compressed and channelled on each edge; leaves lanceolate, with a narrow obtuse acumen, fuscous green above, with immersed nerves, ferruginously opake below, with a darker prominulent midrib, and fine nerves, each with a small porous gland in its axil, 23-5 in. long, 7-12 lines broad, on petioles 13-3 lines long; peduncle solitary in each node, bearing 3-4 flowers; pedicels lin. long, dark and slender; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; tube of corolla 33 lines long; segments oblong, 3 lines long, densely pubescent inside at their base. 4. Matovetia Tarumunsis, Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 844. In Guiana: in Mont. Taruma (Schom- burgk) : non vidi. A species near YZ. odorata. It is a tree 50-60 feet high, with dark, shining, dichoto- mous branches compressed at the furcations ; leaves 5—7 in. long. It is called “ hotitjou,” and yields an abundant milky juice. 5. Manovetta craciuis, A. DC. J. c. p. 380: Tabernemontana gracilis, Benth. Journ. Bot. iii. 244. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Upper Essequibo (Schomb. 39). A species with straight striated branches and subdichotomous branchlets, its fuscous 88 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. branches much thickened at the nodes, forming rough annular rings 3-1} in. apart, where the leaves have fallen off. The leaves are lanceolate, rarely oblong, acute and subinequilateral at the base, gradually acuminate at the summit, with subrevolute margins, thinly chartaceous, fuscous above, pale and yellowish below, eglandular, with slender patent nerves suddenly arcuately conjoined within the margins, 2 to 4 in. long, 4-14 in. broad, on slender petioles 13-8 lines long: 6 or more flowers are crowded on a short axillary peduncle 2 lines long, upon pedicels 3 lines long; 5 acute sepals 1 line long, each with an internal lanceolate scale; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical, 6-8 lines long, subventricose in the middle; the segments oblique oblong, 6 lines long, 2 lines broad; stamens included in the swollen portion of the tube; fuscous anthers shortly biaristate at the base, with an acute membrane at the summit; a disk of 5 ovate membranaceous lobes longer than the ovaries; 2 follicles, subterete, 1-2 in. long; seeds small, oblong, smooth. 6. Matovetia tactirtua, nob.: Tabernemontana, sp., Benth. 1. c. p. 245; Schomb. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. p. 64: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. R. Berbice (Schomb. 168) : foliis oblongis, fusce rubro-viridibus, imo subacutis, apice in acumen lineare obtusulum constrictis, chartaceis, marginibus crebre undulatis, supra fusco-viridibus, rubentibus, nervis semiimmersis, opacis, nigro punctulatis, subtus pallidioribus, subferrugineo-opacis, subrugulosis, costa nervisque patentibus, prominulis, rubellis; petiolo tenui, canaliculato, quam limbus 12plo breviore: floribus ignotis. There can be no doubt that this is a species of Malowetia. It is a very lactescent tree, yielding a vegetable milk, used by the natives, and also forms a useful varnish, according to Schomburgk. ‘The leaves are 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, on a petiole 3 lines long. 7. Matovstia ScuomBureku, Mill. Linn. xxx. p. 409. In Guiana Brit. Pomaroon (Schomb. 830, 1386) : non vidi. A species resembling Jf. nitida in habit. It has dark, slender branches, with axils 13-23 in. apart, its branchlets being paler; leaves oblong-ovate, acute at both ends, chartaceous, 4—4# in. long, 14-20 lines broad, on petioles 93-16 lines long; flowers 1 in. long; sepals linear-lanceolate, erect, 13 line long; tube of corolla slender above, broader at its base, 6 lines long; segments linear acute, hispidulous within at the base; stamens partly exserted; disk of 5 erect, fleshy, truncated lobes, enclosing 2 ovoid ovaries, hispidulous at their apex; style slender below, 44 lines long. 8. Matoveria ostusirotia, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 379. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cayenne (Martin). The leaves are stifiy chartaceous, with entire, subrevolute margins, of a reddish hue above, opake, with immersed nerves, beneath ferruginous-opake, with slender prominu- ' lent nerves having porous glands in their axils, 34 in. long, 1 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; pedicels 5 lines long; sepals 13 line long; tube of corolla 5 lines long ; segments lanceolate-oblong, 9 lines long, with dextrorse contortion; stamens included, half-exserted at their apex. 9. Matovetia Lancgoxata, Mill. /. c. p, 93, tab, 29. fig. 3: Malouetia tamaquarina, var. Brasiliensis, ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 89 A. DC. Prodr. viii. 379. In Brasilia: v. v. in montibus Organensibus, et s. in herb. Mus. Brit. loc. cit. (Gardner 5547). I found this species in 1838, in the Organ Mountains, where it forms a shrub 10 feet high, with dichotomous branchlets which are shining, darkly rufescent, striated, fistulose, and compressed at the axils; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, gradually acute at both ends, with subrevolute margins, chartaceous, deep green above, subnitid, somewhat granular, with semi-immersed curving nerves, below pallidly flavescent, very opake, with prominent midrib and reddish yellow prominent nerves, having a porous gland in their axils; they are 24-3? in. long, #-14 in. broad, on dark channelled petioles 2-3 lines long. Cyme ? in. long, solitary at each node, or in the dichotomy of the branches, glabrous; a very short peduncle, thickened at the apex, with scale-like bracteoles, bearing about 12 flowers; pedicels crowded, slender, declinate; sepals small, ovate, sub- mucronate, with membranaceous margins, furnished within with alternate entire or 2-dentate scales; tuhe of corolla slender, narrowed above, with 5 small fleshy glands in its thickened mouth, 3 lines long; segments oblong obtuse, pubescent at their base, dextrorsely convoluted, 4 lines long; stamens included and inserted a little above the middle of the tube; anthers curvingly sagittate at their base, acute and pilose at the apex; disk of 5 ovate erect lobes, pilose at the apex, and somewhat shorter than the ovaries. 10. Matovetia arporgea, nob.: Echites arborea, Vell. Flor. Flum. p. 114, Icon. iii. tab. 47: Secondatia arborea, Mill. 1. c.p.110: Tabernemontana leta, A. DC. in parte (non Mart.), Prodr. viii. 364. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro, Fazenda de Mendanha (Velloz) : non vidi. A species unquestionably belonging to this genus, and differing little from M. glan- dulifera, chiefly in its larger leaves and longer peduncles. Like most other species, it is lactescent, with an erect trunk 8 in. in diameter, with its primary branches dichoto- mous, spreading, 2 lines thick; branchlets 1 line thick, with axils 14-2} in. apart; leaves opposite, elliptic, acute at both ends, very slender nerves above, the midrib and nerves below being stouter, prominent, with a porous gland in their axils; they are 4-44 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; inflorescence solitary at each node, densely 8-flowered; peduncle 14 line long; pedicels very slender, 5 lines long ; sepals acute, 13 line long; tube of corolla cylindrical, narrowed above, 5 lines long, with 5 glands in the mouth; segments subequilateral, of a whitish yellow colour, 4 lines long, 14 line broad; stamens inserted below the mouth and partly exserted ; 2 follicles stoutly terete, recurvingly divaricate, lactescent when cut across, 4 in. long, 4 lines thick; seeds many, subimbricated, glabrous, linear-oblong, very compressed, with incurving margins, peltately attached to the inflexed placentze: this is clearly shown by the inclined section in Velloz’s drawing. The loose seed depicted in a separate figure, with a long apical coma, has been placed there in mistake by the Paris lithographer; and this perhaps led Dr. Miiller to refer the plant to Secondatia; but it belongs ‘most certainly to Malouetia. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 723) agree that it should be excluded from Secondatia. N 90 . ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 11. Matoverta virescens, Spruce; Miller, J. c. p. 92. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. variis Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2472). A species near 7. Guianensis. Branches dark, angular, subcompressed, subverrucu- lose, with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves suberect, oblong, acutely obtuse at the base, shortly and obtusely acuminate at the apex, fuscous green above, with immersed fine nerves, ferruginously opake below, with dark midrib and prominulent nerves, in the axils of which a porous gland is most frequently seen, 2-3 in. long, #-14 in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; axillary peduncle bracteolated, 3 lines long; pedicels slender, 4 lines long; sepals 1 line long; tube of corolla cylindrical, contracted in the middle, border hypocrateriform, segments linear oblong, 4 lines long. 12. Matovetia GLANDULIFERA, nob.: Malouetia tamaquarina, var. Brasiliensis, Mill. (non A. DC.) FI. Bras. xxvi. p. 92. In Venezuelz confinibus: v. s. in herb. variis Rio Casiquiare (Spruce 3305). A very distinct species. Its erect fuscous branches, dichotomously divided, are sub- fistulose and interruptedly striated; leaves oblong, acute at the base, obtuse at the apex, margins subrevolute, rigidly chartaceous, green above, opake, impressed-rugulose, nerves immersed, luridly opake below, somewhat paler, midrib and nerves yellowish and prominulent, with a hollow pilose gland in each axil, 2-23 in. long, 3-1 in. broad, on channelled petioles 13-2 lines long; inflorescence solitary at each node, or in the dichotomy of the branchlets; peduncle 2 lines long, bearing 3 flowers, sometimes reduced to 1; pedicels very slender, 12 lines long; sepals obtusely oblong, imbricately erect, carinate, obsoletely puberulous outside, margins membranaceous, ? line long, with oblong fleshy scales within alternate with them; tube of corolla 5 lines long, 1 line broad at its base, } line broad at its summit, bearing in its expanding throat 5 obtusely lanceo- late fleshy glands; segments of border obtuse-oblong, somewhat inequilateral, opposite the glands, glabrous on both sides, rugulous outside at their base, 5 lines long, 2 lines broad; stamens inserted below and alternate with the glands, partly exserted, quite. glabrous; filaments seated on prominent ridges; disk of 5 erect oval fleshy lobes, shorter than the 2 ovaries, which are pilose on their summits; style slender below, with an incras- sated clavuncle above; stigmata 2 short lobes; follicles terete, black, 4% in. long, 2 lines thick ; seeds very compressed, oblong, smooth, narrower below, peltately affixed to the placenta by a small ovate hilum. 13. Matoverra Marti, Miill. J. c. p. 94, tab. 29. In Amazonas: v. s. in hd. variis Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2435). A species well distinguished from UZ. lanceolata by its much smaller, very dusky leaves, sharply acuminate, luridly ferruginous beneath, without the usual porous glands, in its darker corolla furfuraceous (not pubescent) within. It bears much the aspect of IZ. virescens. Spruce’s plant agrees with Miller’s diagnosis ; but it is wrongly quoted as from the province of S. Paulo. Its leaves are 2-23 in. long, # in. broad, on a petiole 23-3 lines long; the peduncle is 1 line long, the pedicels 6 lines long; the sepals 1 line long; the tube of the corolla 6 lines long; its segments furfuraceous, 4 lines long, with dextrorse convolution; anthers exserted, furfuraceous.’ ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 91 14. Matovetia niripa, Spruce; Miiller, 7. c. p. 94. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. variis Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1672). A species differing in appearance from all others. Its branchlets are brown, 23 lines thick, with many prominent yellow lenticels, and with axils 34 in. apart; leaves oblong, subacute, and channelled at the base, narrowing gradually upwards and suddenly ter- minating in a linear acumen 3 in. long, stiffly chartaceous, margins subrevolute, pale green, opake, and rugulous above, yellowish immersed midrib and nerves (about 8 pairs), somewhat paler beneath, opake, rugulous, with prominent midrib and subprominulent fine nerves, veins scarcely visible, 44—6 in. long, 12-24 in. broad, on channelled petioles 23 lines long; inflorescence solitary in each axil; peduncle bracteolated, 1 line long, supporting 10-12 subfasciculate flowers; pedicels glabrous, 6 lines long; sepals 1 line long, lanceolate; tube of corolla narrow, contracted in the middle; segments lanceolate, 5 lines long, subpuberulous within at their base, with dextrorse convolution. 15. Matovetia rurruRacea, Spruce; Mill. /. c. p. 93. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. variis Barra do Rio Negro (Spruce 1566), San Gabriel, Rio Negro (Spruce 2305). . Its branchlets are somewhat slender, black, striate, dichotomous, with axils 2 in. apart; leaves 4-6 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; inflorescence in the dichotomies of the branchlets; peduncle bracteolated, bearing about 6 or 8 fascicu- late flowers; pedicels 8 lines long; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long; linear segments 6 lines long, dextrorsely convolute; 2 terete, smooth, black follicles 12 in. long, 14 line thick. 16. Matovetra amptexicauis, Miill. 1. c. p. 91. In Amazonas: »v. s. in hb. meo Panuré, Rio Uahupes (Spruce 2595). A species distinguished by its very large leaves, which give it much the appearance of a Rhigospira: these are somewhat unequal in the same node, on one side 83-5 in. long, 12-2 in. broad, on the other 54-8 in. long, 24-8} in. broad, subcordate and subsessile at their base, where they are conjoined by a transverse line, with about 12 pairs of white pubescent nerves, each with a poriferous gland in its axil. A corymb of 6 or 8 flowers fasciculate on short, bracteolated, opposite, extra-axillary nodules, with slender pedi- cels 5 lines long; the sepals are 1 line long; the very slender tube of the corolla 3 lines long, a little broader below the mouth, with oblong acute segments dextrorsely con- volute in zstivation; stamens partly exserted; the disk is fleshy, tubular, crenately lobed on the margin, enclosing 2 pilose ovaries. 17. Mazoversa riparia, A. DC. I. c. p. 880: Tabernemontana riparia, H. B. K. iti. 228. In Nova Granada: non vidi. A lactescent tree, 20 feet high, with smooth dichotomous branches; leaves oblong, narrowly acute at the base, acuminate, with undulate entire margins, membranaceous, with prominent nerves beneath, 4-43 in. long, 16-19 lines broad, on channelled petioles scarcely 3 lines long, their margins united by a transverse ridge across the nodes; cymes interpetiolar, opposite, at the nodes, on a dichotomous peduncle, and shorter than the N 2 92 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. leaves, bearing 2 to 4 flowers 14 in. long, on bracteolated pedicels; sepals smooth, elliptic oblong, obtuse, with undulate membranaceous margins, deeply imbricated, the two interior much narrower; corolla salver-shaped, yellow; tube eylindrical, twisting, 1 in. long, with expanded segments inequilaterally obovate and obtuse, shorter than the tube; anthers sagittate, seated in the middle of the tube; disk fleshy, investing 2 ovaries. Prof. De Candolle rightly placed this species in Malouetia, as the kind of inflorescence here indicated is unknown in any plant of the Tabernemontanee, but is not uncommon in Malouetia: the structure of the flower is that of this genus. 18. Matoveria TrerRastacuya, nob. : Tabernemontana tetrastachya, H. B. K. iii. 227; A. DC. i. e. p. 368. In Nova Granada: non vidi. A lactescent tree, with smooth, terete branches; leaves oblong, narrowly acute at the base, acuminate, with obsoletely undulate or repand margins, membranaceous, nerves remote, prominent beneath, 6-7 in. long, 2-24 in. broad, on channelled petioles 6 lines long, their margins conjoined across the node by a transverse ridge ; cymes opposite and interpetiolar, much shorter than the leaves; peduncle dichotomously divided into 4 approximated, divaricated, many-flowered spikes; flowers the size of those of jessamine, on close pedicels 3 lines long, bracteolated at the base. This species quite conforms ‘ with WM. riparia in the character of its inflorescence and structure of its flowers. 19. Matoverta sasminoipgs, nob.: Tabernemontana jasminoides, H. B. K. iii. 225; A. DC. 2. c. p. 879. In Venezuela, prope Cumana: non vidi. This species, with flowers like those of jessamine, evidently belongs to this genus, as Kunth suspected; its opposite, oblong leaves, acute at the base, subacuminate, sub- membranaceous, are 3-4 in. long, 14-18 lines broad, on petioles 3 lines long; in a specimen from Turbaco (perhaps another species) they are 5-6 in. long, 20-21 lines broad, on petioles 6 lines long; peduncle 6-15 lines long, bearing several flowers on slender pedicels 6-7 lines long; sepals ovate, 1 line long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, swollen at the base, the segments being expanded, obovate-oblong, 5 lines long; stamens placed in the mouth of the tube, linear, biaristate at the base; the 2 ovaries surrounded by the disk; style slender; clavuncle adhering to the anthers. 20. Marovetia Cusana, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 379: Malouetia retroflexa, Mill. Linn. xxx. 408; Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 412. In Antillis: Cuba, et ins. San Vincente (Guilding). The descriptions of De Candolle and Miiller accord so well together that they denote identically the same species. The leaves are elliptic-oblong, acute at the base, obtusely acuminate, 3-4 in. long, 10-15 lines broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; the peduncle is 3 lines long, bears 4 to 7 flowers, on slender pedicels 8-10 lines long ; sepals subulately lanceolate, reflexed at their apex, 2 lines long; tube of corolla 4 lines long, constricted in the middle; the segments, as large as the tube, are linear, acute, glabrous outside, puberulous within; stamens partly exserted; anthers dorsally hispidulous; disk of 5 erect lobes; ovaries 2, hispidulous at the apex; follicles 12 in. long, 4 lines broad, obtusely attenuated. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 93 21. Matoverra Panamensis, Miill. in Van Huerck. Pl. Nov. 185 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 707: Stem- madenia Guatemalensis, Mill. in Linn. xxx. 410. In Panama et Guatemala: non vidi. This species has none of the characters of Stemmadenia, but in all respects agrees with Malouetia, as Muller himself indicated. Its branches are terete, blackish red, its branch- lets compressed ; the leaves are oblong g, very acute at both ends, submembranaceous, with undulate-repand margins, with 10-12 pairs of divaricate nerves, are near 8 in. long, 2-27 in. broad, on petioles 43 lines long; inflorescence terminal, in two opposite cymes; peduncle extremely short, almost pulviniform, supporting numerous aggregated flowers on stout pedicels 5 lines long, which are as long as the flowers; sepals ovate, obtuse, ciliolated on the margins; tube of corolla cylindrical, constricted in the middle, longi- tudinally subangular and striate; segments longer than the tube, lanceolate-ovate, fur- furaceous above and at their base; stamens inserted in the contraction of the tube; disk cylindrical, of 5 lobes connate at their base, free above, surrounding 2 ovaries, which are somewhat shorter, subpuberulous at their apex, and obtusely ovate. THYRSANTHUS. The three genera Thyrsanthus, Parsonsia and Forsteronia are so much alike in habit, kind of inflorescence, and floral structure, that their difference would hardly be recog- nized, were it not for the divergence observed in the structure of the fruit and seeds. The Parsonsia of R. Brown (excluding the American species) was shown to be a distinct genus by De Candolle; but Thyrsanthus and Forsteronia have been entirely or in part confounded together by most botanists, and even the author of the former genus has renounced it in favour of Forsteronia (Gen. i. p. 710). Notwithstanding this, Thyrsan- thus appears to me a distinct and tenable genus. It was established by Mr. Bentham in 1841, upon one of Schomburgk’s Guiana plants, acknowledged in 1844 by De Candolle, who described six species, one of which was figured in Delessert’s Icones. Miller, how- ever, in 1860, cancelled it, absorbing all its species in Forsteronia; and Bentham, in 1876, forgetful of his former accurate observations, revoked his genus Thyrsanthus in favour of Forsteronia. The latter, proposed by Meyer in 1818, was established upon a short diagnosis applicable alike to both these genera; but as two of his species belong to Thyrsanthus, a genus then unknown, it follows that his third species (Eehites floribunda, Sw., Parsonsia floribunda, R. Br.) remains the type of Forsteronia. Thyrsanthus comes near Valouetia, differing in little else than the character of its inflorescence; and there is no great dissimilarity in the structure of its flower; but in that of its fruit and seeds there is a wide divergence, which enables us at once to dis- tinguish the one from the other. In the absence of this test, there remains the esti- vation of the corolla, which shows a dextrorse convolution in one, and a sinistrorse direction in the other. I have observed also a peculiar character in the leaves of all the species of Thyrsanthus—the presence of a peculiar granular yellow gland at the junction of the midrib with the petiole, either single or divided, which does not appear in Forsteronia. D4 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. Tayrsantaus, Benth. (non Elliot nec Schrank) ; Thenardia, Benth. (non Kunth) ; Forsteronia, Meyer (in parte), Miller, Benth. & Hook. Sepala 5, parvula, ovata, subacuta, intus squamulis 2-3 minimis predita. Corolla parva; tubus cylindricus ; segmenta oblonga, subzquilatera, tubo longiora, sepius intus glabra, raro lanata aut villosa, paullo dextrorsum convoluta, dein subrotata. Stamina 5, tubo corolle inclusa, aut apice semiexserta ; filamenta brevia; anthere lineari-oblonge, acuminate, imo furcis 2 parallele elongatis armate, in conum coherentes. Discus e lobis 5 oblongis, sepius discretis, ovaria cingens ; ovaria 2 distincta, eo non rarius longiora; stylus brevis, glaber ; clavuncula cylindrice 5-sulcata, imo membrana peltata indusiata; stigmata 2, parva, terminalia. Folliculi 2, tenuiter teretes, horizontaliter divergentes, sulco ventrali dehiscentes, suturee marginibus in placen- tam cylindricam introflexe. Semina plurima, imbricatim suspensa, lineari-oblonga, compressis- sima, lateribus membranaceis paullo incurvatis, levia et ecomosa, filo centrali signata; embryo incognita. Frutices scandentes Americe meridionalis, sepius glabri ; folia opposita, rarius ternatim verticillata, oblonga, petiolata, sepius glabra; panicule awillares aut terminales, laze thyrsoidee aut capitate; flores numerosi, parvuli, inconspicut. 1. Tuyrsantaus ScuomBurcxu, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 245; A. DC. 7. c. p. 387: Forsteronia Schomburgkii, A. DC. 1. c. p. 438 (excl. syn.) ; Mull. Flor. Bras. . ¢. p. 107 in nota. In Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 37, 57, 556, 557) : v. s. in herb. meo ex loc. cit. (Schomb. 537). This typical species has scandent, rugous, verruculous branches 2 lines thick, with ‘ patently divergent branchlets; its opposite leaves have a reddish hue, are obtuse at the base, with a narrow recurved acumen 3 in. long, quite glabrous, palish green above, sulcate along the midrib, which has 2 very minute glands at its base, several oblique subimmersed nerves, beneath rubescently ferruginous, opake, with prominulent nerves and reticulated veins, 3-5 in. long, 14-1} in. broad, on slender channelled petioles 1 line long; panicle terminal, 3 in. long, with opposite ramifications 6 lines long, 4-7 lines apart, dichotomous, each ray bearing an almost capitate cluster of flowers; pedicels 1 line long, with 2 lanceolate bractlets at the base; sepals acute, 4 line long, with 2 minute scales at the base of each within; tube of corolla # line long, glabrous, with a narrow pilose ring above its base; the 5 segments linear-oblong, 1 line long, glabrous within, expanded, with dextrorse convolution; stamens inserted in the pilose ring, almost wholly included in it; filaments short; anthers cohering together and to the clavuncle, acute at their summit, 2 obtuse prongs at their base. 2. TayRsaNTHUS LavRIFoLIus, nob.: Thenardia ? laurifolia, Benth. 1. c. p. 246: Forsteronia laurifolia, A. DC. 1. c. p. 488; Mill. 2c. p. 106. In Amazonas: v. s. in herb. meo Rio Negro ad Barcellos (Schomb. 953), Rio Negro ad Barra (Spruce 999). A species very near the preceding, and by mistake referred to Thenardia. Its branches are stout, rugous, griseous, glabrous, with divaricating branchlets striate and lenticellate, with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves elliptic oblong, acute, and inequilateral at the base, gradually acuminate, margins somewhat crenulate, chartaceous, very glabrous, glaucous green above, with a slender midrib and subimmersed fine nerves, furnished at the base of the midrib with 2-3 yellow granular glands, ferruginous, opake beneath, with prominent midrib and nerves 442 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on sub- reflexed petioles 3-5 lines long; panicles opposite or terminal, on short peduncles ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 95 3-5 lines long, shortly branched, and bearing a capitate cluster of very small, rufously pruinose flowers, 2 lines long, on pedicels 4 line long, with small bracteoles; sepals sub- acute, membranaceous, 1 line long; corolla subpuberulous outside; tube 1 line long; segments lanceolate, subreflexed, glabrous inside, dextrorsely convolute in estivation, 1 line long; disk of 5 smooth, fleshy lobes; follicles 2 (one sometimes abortive), linear, stoutish, 2-3 in. long, containing many oblong flat seeds with narrow winged margins, without any coma. . 3. Tayrsantaus BrentHamiana, nob.: Forsteronia Benthamiana, Mill. J. c. p. 106. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. San Carlos, Rio Negro (Spruce 3481). A species much resembling the two preceding. Its branches are glabrous, striolate, verrucously lenticellate, with axils 14-12 in. apart; leaves lanceolate oblong, roundish or subacute at the base, with a very narrow acute acumen, margins revolute, very glabrous, with arcuate, fine, semi-immersed nerves, the midrib at its junction with the petiole showing a yellow granular gland, sometimes split into 2 or more distinct glandules, as in the typical species, ferruginously opake beneath, with a prominent _.fuscous midrib, prominulent fine nerves and reticulated veins, 4-64 in. long, 13-1} in. broad, on channelled petioles 2-3 lines long; panicles subterminal and axillary, rufescently puberulous, 24-3 in. long, on a rather slender peduncle bare for 13 in., bearing above several branchlets $ in. long, bare at the base for half their length, and bifidly divided, with 3-4 flowers on pedicels 1 line long, and minutely bracteolated ; sepals acute, ? line long; corolla also pruinosely tomentellous, 2-2} lines long, with a very short tube; segments lanceolate, with dextrorse convolution. 4, THYRSANTHUS sPicatus, nob.: Forsteronia spicata, Meyer, Esseq. p. 185; A. DC. J. ¢. p. 437: Echites spicata, Jacq. Am. p. 34, tab. 29: Parsonsia spicata, R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i. p. 65. In Carta- gena (Jacq.): v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Campeche (Houston). The plant of Houston agrees well with the drawing of Jacquin, who describes it as a lofty climber, the main stem being 1 in. thick, with alternate remote branches whose axils are nearly 2 in. apart. It exudes a copious milky juice. The leaves are opposite, very spreading, elliptic oblong, roundish at the base, and recurved upon the petiole, with a short suddenly acute reflexed acumen, rigidly chartaceous, with revolute margins, green above, corrugulate, with a flattened midrib and about 10 pairs of divaricate arching nerves, sulcate along them and the immersed reticulated veins, with a large granulated gland at the base of the midrib, pale, ferruginous, and opake beneath, midrib and nerves flattened, reddish, 44-52 in. long, 24-2} in. broad, on channelled petioles 3 lines long; panicles opposite, densely thyrsoid, 1-14 in. long, 4 in. broad, on short peduncles, bearing very numerous, crowded, subsessile flowers, 2 lines lung; sepals ovate, rigid, subimbricated; corolla white, with a very short tube, villous inside ; segments acutely oblong, equilateral, with reflexed margins, twice the length of the tube; anthers exserted, conniving in a cone; disk of 5 lobes, as long as the 2 villous ovaries. 96 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACES. 5. Tayrsantaus Garpnert, A. DC. J. c. p. 387: Forsteronia Gardneri, Mill. I. c. p. 100. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo prov. Goyaz (Gardn. 3891). Apparently an erect shrub, having straight terete subpuberulous branches marked with small white lenticels, axils 1} in. apart; leaves spreading, oblong, rounded and subcordate at the base, gradually acute and often mucronulate at the apex, very flat, rigidly chartaceous, opake green above, with about 8 pairs of semi-immersed nerves, sulcate on the fine reticulated veins, with 2-small glands at the base of the midrib, glaucous pale beneath, opake, nerves yellow, prominulent, 3-4 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on pubescent channelled petioles 1 line long; panicle terminal, laxly thyrsoid, 33 in. long, rufously pubescent, branching from the base, branchlets 24 in. long, diminishing upwards, again branched, ultimate branchlets 4-6 lines long, bearing several closely approximated flowers on puberulous bracteolated pedicels 3 line long; sepals acute, puberulous, with membranaceous margins, 4 line long, with 8 minute inner basal scales; corolla reddish, glabrous outside; tube 4 line long; segments acute, densely lanate within, dextrorsely convolute; anthers subincluded, glabrous, smallish, with 2 parallel obtuse basal prongs; disk of 5 ovate fleshy lobes, shorter than the 2 pilose ovaries. 6. THyRsaNTHUS ADENOBASIS, nob.: Forsteronia adenobasis, Mill. Linn. xxx. p. 412. In Guiana: fi. Pomeroon (Rob. Schomb. 707) : non vidi. A species near the preceding, with opposite, sometimes ternate leaves, oval or elliptic, slightly cordate at the base, submembranaceous, glabrous above, with 6-7 pairs of oblique nerves and reticulated veins, showing at the base of the midrib 2 large reddish granular glands, as in the typical species, densely and shortly tomentous beneath, 4-42 in. long, 24-3 in. broad; panicle rigidly pyramidal, deep red, densely puberulous, oppositely branched and again divided, bearing numerous small flowers. 7. THYRSANTHUS MACKOPHYLLUS, nob.: Forsteronia macrophylla, Mill. Linn. xxx. 411: Tabernemontana macrophylla, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. 276; A. DC. l.c. p. 374, In Cayenne: non vidi. A species little known, which must not be confounded with the Tabernemontana macrophylla of Miill., described by me under Phrissocarpus rigidus. It has cinereo- pruinose branches; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, with a short acute acumen, submem- branaceous, fuscous green above, glabrous, cinereo-fulvous and pruinose beneath, 53-6] in. long, 33-4 in. broad, on petioles {1 line long; panicle terminal, pyramidally corymbiform, 4 in. long, yellowish puberulous, lower branches elongated, all again branched, and bearing several very small flowers on pedicels 14-2 lines long; calyx 1 line long; corolla 23 lines long, like those in 7. populifolia and T. parviflora. 8. THYRSANTHUS DIOsPYRIFOLIUS, nob.: Forsteronia diospyrifolia, Mill. Linn. xxx. 415. In Guiana Brit. (Rob. Schomburgk 834) : non vidi. A species near the first described, with glabrous branches thickened at the axils, verrucously lenticellate; leaves oblong-elliptic, subobtuse at the base, shortly and ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 97 obtusely acuminated, coriaceous, with 7-10 pairs of arcuately conjoined nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, smooth above, 3-4 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on petioles 2-8 lines long; panicles terminal or axillary, 3-4 in. long, on an elongated angular tomentous peduncle, with many lateral branchlets bare at their base and bearing several small pubescent flowers in heads 43-6 lines in diameter, on short pedicels, with ovate bracts 1} line long; flowers 14—2 lines long. 9. Tayrsantaus Guyanensis, nob.: Forsteronia Guyanensis, Mill. Linn. xxx. 414, In Guiana Brit. (Schomb. 821-1466) : v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. (Sagot 1067). A species differing from all the preceding in its slighter habit. It has slender branch- lets, verrucously lenticellate, with axils about 1 in. apart; leaves elliptic, acute at the base, suddenly constricted at the summit into a shortish obtuse acumen, subcoriaceous, margins revolute, pale green above, with divaricate slender nerves, the midrib near the petiole charged with a yellow granular gland as in the typical species, pale reddish yellow beneath, opake, slender nerves prominulent, mostly with a pore in their axils as in T. Schomburgkii, 2-24 in. long, {1 in. broad, on channelled petioles 14 line long; panicle pyramidal, 2 in. long, its branches on a quadrangular rachis bearing several (4-6) subumbellate, very small flowers, on pedicels 1 line long, all ferruginously puberulous ; sepals acute, with ciliate margins, 1 line long; corolla 2 lines long; tube 4 line long, puberulous; segments lanceolate, hirsutulous outside, with dextrorse zestivation, glabrous inside, with median nerve obsoletely puberulous. 10. Tayrsanruus corymsBosvs, nob. : Forsteronia corymbosa, A. DC. (non Mey.) 1. ¢. p. 4387: Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 412: Echites corymbosa, Jacq. Amer. p. 34, tab. 30; Sw. Obs. 105. In Antillis: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Jamaica (Dr. Wright). A twining species, growing to the height of 20 feet; very lactescent, with divided glabrous branches, the axils being 1 in. apart; leaves elliptic, somewhat rounded and obsoletely cordate at the base, subacute at the summit, entire, glabrous, green above, with prominulent red, arching nerves, and transverse, much reticulated veins, with 2-3 distant small glands at the base of the midrib, pallid beneath, 2-25 in. long, #-17 in. broad, on slender petioles 3-4 lines long; panicle terminal, divided into two principal branches 12 in. long, which are much divided into many approximated branchlets 9 lines long, each on a bare pedunculate support 23 lines long, and bearing above 8 crowded bracteolated divisions, forming a corymbulose head, each division again divided into about 7 pedicellated flowers ; bracts linear-lanceolate, membranaceous, red, obsoletely pubescent, 14 line long; pedicels pubescent, § line long; sepals linear-acuminate, very membranaceous, red, pubescent at the base, obsoletely pilosulous outside above, 1 line long; corolla 13 line long; tube 4 line long; segments obtusely oblong, membrana- ceous, red, subreflexed, iz line long, with dextrorse convolution ; stamens inserted in a pilose ring within the tube, exserted; anthers scarcely cohering,. connivent, with a broad membrane at the apex, and 2 parallel short obtuse lobes at the base; disk of 3 free oblong erect lobes, as long as the 2 ovaries, pubescent at the apex; 2 elongated obtusely terete follicles, horizontally divaricate, 8 in. long; seeds numerous, oblong, subseri- 0 98 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAE. ceous under a lens, otherwise, according to Jacquin and De Candolle, without a coma Swartz says they have a setose pappus, meaning their setosely hairy covering. Grise- bach states they have a rusty coma; but that applies to his Forsteronia Alexandri. The flower, beyond all doubt, belongs to Thyrsanthus, and not to Forsteronia. ll. TuyrsaNTHUs coRYMBIFERUS, nob.: Thenardia ? corymbosa, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 246: Forsteronia corymbosa, Mey. Esseq. p. 184, excl. synon. (non A. DC. nec Griseb.) : Forsteronia Schomburgkii, A. DC. J. c. p. 438 (non Benth.) : Forsteronia lancifolia, Mill. (in parte), J. c. p. 106, In Guiana (Schomb. 247) : non vidi. This certainly is not a Thenardia; but it accords with the genus Thyrsanthus of Bentham, and is near the preceding species. It is subscandent, with smooth branch- lets somewhat pilose at the summits; leaves oval-oblong, ‘obtuse and subcordate at the base, narrowly obtuse and mucronate at the apex, membranaceous, glabrous above, with glands at the base of the midrib, as in 7. Schomburgkii, subglabrous beneath, reticulated, 2-3 in. long, 1-1} in. broad, on puberulous petioles; panicle terminal, short, densely flowered; flowers on pedicels shorter than the calyx; sepals lanceolate, without an internal scale; tube of corolla short, with a pilose staminiferous ring in the mouth; segments acute; anthers long, exserted, with 2 basal obtuse forks. 12. Toyrsantaus AvUBLETIANUS, nob.: Apocynum umbellatum, Aubl. Pl. Guian. i. p. 275, tab. 108: Forsteronia Schomburgkii, var. umbellata, A. DC. l. c. p. 438: Thenardia umbellata, Spreng. Syst. i. 636; G. Don, Dict. iv. 80. In Cayenne: non vidi. A sarmentose species, very distinct from 7. Schomburgkii. The leaves, according to Aublet, are rounded at the base, terminated by a long acumen, 23-87 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, smooth above, cinereo-tomentous below, on petioles 3-4 lines long ; corymb ter- minal, 1 in. long and broad, on a naked peduncle 9 lines long, with many flowers sub- umbellate on the ends of its branchlets, which are 2-bracteolated at their base, the pedi- cels being also bracteolated; flowers 2 lines long, of a reddish colour; tube of corolla short; the segments rounded-oblong; stamens inserted in the mouth of the tube; anthers adhering to the clavuncle. Aublet’s specific name has not been adopted, to prevent confusion with the Echites umbellata of Jacquin, or that of Kunth. 18. Toyrsantaus Acovct, nob.: Apocynum Acouci, Aubl. 1. c. p. 274, tab. 107: Apocynum apiculatum, Lam. Dict. i. p. 214: Forsteronia Acouci, A. DC. Prodr. viii. p. 437. In Guiana: v. s. in herb. Mus... Brit. Cayenne (Aublet). This is a scandent species, with slender glabrous branchlets. Its lanceolate oblong leaves, horizontally spreading, are somewhat acute at their base, constricted above into an obtuse acumen, thinly chartaceous, with subrevolute margins, palish green and opake above, glauco-pulverulent, closely granulated with dark polished dots, semi-immersed fine nerves, and sulcate upon the finely reticulated veins, with 2 small yellow glands at the base of the midrib, lateritious and opake beneath, with prominulent nerves, 34—4 in. long, 1-13 in. broad, on deeply channelled petioles 1 line long; panicles terminal and ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 99 geminate, or axillary, 3 in. long, pubescent, bare at the base for 3 in., oppositely branched at intervals of 9 lines, branchlets 9 lines long, again divided above the middle, bearing above several lax flowers on bracteolated pedicels 3 line long; sepals acute, pilose, margins membranaceous, 3 line long; corolla 14 line long; segments ovate, as long as the tube, sublanate within, with dextrorse zestivation ; stamens subincluded. 14. TuyRsantuvus Graciiis, Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 246; A. DC. 1. c. p. 887. In Guiana Brit. ad Curassawaka: v. s. in herb. meo (Schomburgk 608). A species near the preceding, with verrucously lenticellate branches 24 lines thick, and very slender horizontal branchlets with axils 2-3 in. apart; leaves oblong-ovate, rounded and subcordate at the base, suddenly narrowed towards the summit into a narrow obtuse acumen, submembranaceous, glabrous, opake green above, sulcate along the midrib and fine diverging nerves, reticulately veined, with 2 minute glands at the base of the midrib, ferruginously opake beneath, with scarcely prominulent nerves, 3-31 in. long, 13-1} in. broad, on slender spreading petioles 2 lines long; panicle ter- minal, 4-54 in. long, subthyrsoid, very laxly and remotely branching from the base, branches diverging, 24 in. long, diminishing upwards, very glabrous, again alternately divided, the branchlets bearing many lax or subfasciculated flowers, on bracteolated pedicels 1 line long; flowers very small, like those of the preceding species. 15. THyRsANTHUS POPULIFOLIUS, nob.: Tabernemontana populifolia, Poir. Dict. Suppl. i. p. 276; A. DC. 1. c. p. 874, In Carolina et Georgia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Georgia (Marshal). A species with slender dichotomous branches. Its leaves are broadly ovate, subacute at the base, shortly acuminate, subchartaceous, almost glabrous above, pale and opake beneath, shortly and rigidly pilose, 1? in. long, 14 in. broad, on petioles scarcely 1 line long; panicles axillary, 25 in. long, on a peduncle bare for 14 in., branching above, branches 6-9 lines long, again shortly branched, and bearing numerous small flowers on pedicels 2 lines long; sepals lanceolate, subrecurved, 1 line long, with several very minute inner scales; corolla glabrous; tube contracted in the middle, 14 line long; seg- ments oblong ovate, 1} line long, with dextrorse convolution; stamens almost wholly included within the tube; anthers cuspidate, with 2 long acute basal prongs; style, stigma, and disk as in the generic character. 16. Tuyrsantuus Dirrormis, nob.: Echites difformis, Walth. Fl. Carol.; Pursh, Fl. Un. St. i.178; Ellis, Sk. i. 312: Echites puberula, Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. 120; Poir. Dict. Suppl. ii. 537: Forsteronia difformis, A. DC. J. ¢. p. 437: Secondatia difformis, Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 710. In Carolina et Florida: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Florida (Chapman). A slender climbing species, with pubescent branches; leaves lanceolate elliptic, acute at the base; acuminate, membranaceous, pale green above, opake, obsoletely puberu- lous, with slender immersed pellucid nerves and reticulated veins, with a granular yellow gland at the base of the midrib, very pellucid, opake beneath, puberulous on the midrib and nerves, 14-3 in. long, 6-12 lines broad, on channelled petioles 2 lines long ; panicles axillary, glabrous, 24 in. long; peduncle slender, bare at the base for 1 in., 02 100 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, above very laxly branched, lower branches 1} in. long, again branching and bearing about 5 lax flowers on slender bracteolated pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acuminately lanceolate, margins pellucid, 14 line long, each with 2 lanceolate inner scales; corolla 33 lines long; tube 24 lines long; segments 1} line long, acutely oblong, membranaceous, with dextrorse convolution, all glabrous; stamens almost wholly included, inserted in a pilose ring; anthers acuminate, with 2 long slender basal prongs; disk of 5 oblong lobes, as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries; 2 follicles, slender, acute, glabrous, 6-8 in. long. This species, in its inflorescence and floral structure, closely resembles the preceding from the same region, both being quite in accordance with Thyrsanthus ; it is therefore neither a Forsteronia nor a Secondatia, more especially differing from the latter in its slender follicles, the seeds of which are not said to be comose. 17. Tuyrsanruus PyriforMis, nob. In Antillis: v.-s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Cuba (Sagra 141). A species near the two following. It has slender, pallid, striolate, dichotomous ‘branches, with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves obovate, subcuneate below the middle, rounded and mucronulate at the summit, very glabrous, thinly chartaceous, flat, palish green above, opake, finely corrugulate, fine ascending nerves scarcely prominulent, with 2 minute glands at the base of the subimmersed midrib, pale yellow and opake beneath, the slender nerves scarcely visible, 2-24 in. long, 13-12 in. broad, on slender channelled petioles 4-5 lines long; panicle terminal, 24 in. long, on a peduncle bare at the base for 6 lines, bifid, and again dichotomously branched, each branch bifid and bearing 2 fascicles of small, approximate flowers on pedicels 1} line long, supported by acute membranaceous bracteoles } line long, all slightly puberulous; sepals obtusely oblong, with membranaceous margins, puberulous within along the nerve, 3 line long; corolla reddish, glabrous, 24 lines long; tube 13 line long; segments 1, line long, oblong, with dextrorse convolution ; stamens mostly included; anthers apiculate, with 2 long parallel basal prongs; disk of 5 free oblong lobes, as long as the 2 puberulous ovaries. 18. ToyRsantHus PARVIFLORUS, nob.: Tabernemontana parviflora, Poir. Dict. Suppl. v. 276; A. DC. lc. p. 374. In Amer. meridionali: non vidi. A species near 7. populifolius, with slender branchlets; leaves oval-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, acuminate, glabrous, dark green above, yellowish beneath, 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, petiolated; panicles terminal, geminate, subcymose, bearing many subumbellate small flowers, on short bracteolated pedicels. 19, Tayrsantuus FascicuLatus, nob.: Tabernemontana fasciculata, Poir. Dict. vii. 581; A. DC. 1. c. p. 875. In Cayenne: non vidi. A species near the preceding. Its leaves are ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 2-3 in. long, 15 in. broad, petiolated; panicles cymose, axillary, divided, with many small flowers fasciculate at the ends of each ramification; tube of corolla 2-3 lines long, with linear segments. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 101 20. THYRSANTHUS PUBESCENS, nob.: Forsteronia pubescens, A. DC. 1. c. p. 436; Miill. l. c. p. 104. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. meo, Ceara (Gardner 1761). Its branches are oppositely ramose, studded with small white verrucous lenticels, sub- pubescent, the axils being 1-2 in. apart; leaves obovate, subacute or obtuse at the base, rounded or emarginate at the mucronulate apex, flaccidly chartaceous, green above, subpubescent, with yellowish slender midrib and oblique nerves, with 2 collateral fulvous glands among the hairs at the base of the midrib, pale beneath and covered with fine short tomentum, especially on the nerves and transverse veins, between which are very numerous fascicles of short hairs, 3-42 in. long, 13-24 in. broad, on pubescent petioles 3-7 lines long; panicle terminal, spiciform, 4 in. long, covered with reddish pubescence, alternately branched at intervals of 2-4 lines, with short branches, the lower ones 1 in. long, diminishing upwards, each on a bare support, carrying an almost capi- tate head of small dense flowers on bracteolated pedicels 4 line long; sepals acute, # line long; corolla 2} lines long; the acute segments 1} line long, with dextrorse convolution ; stamens glabrous, half-exserted ; anthers acuminate, furnished at the base with 2 parallel prongs. 21. Tayrsantaus arfinis, nob.: Forsteronia affinis, Mill. J. c. p. 100, tab. 30. In prov. Alt. Ama- zonas et confinibus: v. s. in herb meo Tarapota (Spruce 4493). Spruce’s plant agrees sufficiently with Miller’s drawing. The branchlets are slender, subquadrangular at the summit, striolate, with small lenticels, the axils 4-1 in. apart; leaves oblong elliptic, subacute at the base, as in the drawing (not cordate as in the text), with a short, abrupt, subacute acumen, very glabrous, rigidly membranaceous, darkish green above, subopake, sulcate along the midrib and oblique slender nerves, with 2 whitish glands at the base of the midrib, pale ferruginous and opake beneath, with prominulent red midrib and nerves, finely reticulated veins, 33-43 in. long, 13-2 in. broad, on sulcate petioles 3-34 lines long; panicle terminal, 4 in. long, remotely and very laxly branching from the base; lower branches slender, 2 in. long, bare at the base for half their length, again branched, branchlets 3—4 lines long, bearing at their summits few very small flowers on bracteolated pedicels 1 line long, all glabrous; sepals ovate acuminate, pruinose, $—? line long; corolla pruinose, 13 line long; segments acute, twice as long as the tube, woolly within, dextrorsely convolute; anthers dorsally pilose, half- exserted; disk of 5 oblong lobes, as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries. 22. TuyrsaNTHUS PLACIDUS, nob. In Alta Amazonas: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Tarapota (Spruce 4295) . A species very near the preceding, differing in its pubescent leaves and spicate inflorescence; branches very slender, puberulous, with axils }-1 in. apart; leaves elliptic, acute at the base, constricted at the summit into a short acumen, flaccid, green and subglabrous above, with immersed slender nerves, with 2 small glands at the base of the midrib, paler beneath, yellow, covered with short soft pubescence, especially on the prominulent nerves, 3 in. long, 12 in. broad, on pubescent channelled petioles 2 lines long; panicle terminal, 33 in. long, thyrsoid, pubescent, on a short peduncle, with branches } in. long, 2-4 lines apart, spreading, again divided, each bracteolated branch- 102 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. let bearing 3-5 approximated flowers on bracteolated pedicels 1 line long; sepals acutely ovate, puberulous, 1 line long; corolla subglabrous, 2 lines long; segments ovate, a little shorter than the tube, submembranaceous, smooth, with dextrorse convolution; stamens more than half-included, anthers with 2 long basal prongs. 23. THYRsANTHUS GLABRESCENS, nob.: Forsteronia glabrescens, Mill. J. c. p.102. In Brasilia australiore, v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 3942) Rio de Janeiro, Botafogo; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. prov. S. Paulo (Bowie and Cunningham). Its branches are interruptedly striate, sublenticellate, oppositely branched, branch- lets slender, striolate, with axils 1-14 in. apart; leaves often scarcely opposite, elliptic oblong, obtuse at the base, ending in a sudden sharp acumen, submembranaceous, fuscous rufescent green above, often marked by many small white leprous dots, with about 7 pairs of semi-immersed oblique nerves, and with 2 small yellowish glands at the base of the midrib, opake and subferruginous beneath, with prominulent reddish midrib, nerves, and reticulated veins, 24-31 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; panicle terminal, pyramidally thyrsoid, laxly branched, 33 in. long; peduncle slender, bare at the base for 4-6 lines, branches somewhat spreading, 3-1 in. long, diminishing upwards, again laxly divided, bearing many lax flowers on bracteolated pedicels 1-14 line long, all subglabrous or shortly puberulous; sepals ovate, subobtuse, 1 line long, each with 3 minute inner basal scales; corolla glabrous outside, 14 line long; segments lanceolate, as long as the tube, woolly within; anthers semi-exserted, bifurcate at the base; disk of 5 free lobes, nearly as long as the 2 glabrous ovaries. 24, THyRsanTHUS BRACTEATUS, nob.: Echites bracteata, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 112, Icon. iii. tab. 41 (non Kunth): Echites Velloziana, A. DC. 1. c. p. 474: Forsteronia bracteata, Mill. J. c. pp. 106-453. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 4025) montibus Organensibus (in flore et fructu). A scandent species, with rigid subflexuous rufescent branches, oppositely divided, branchlets more slender, verrucously lenticellate, with axils 1-14 in. apart, all covered with dense, short, ferruginous pubescence; leaves spreading, oblong ovate, shortly cordate at the base, with a very short obtuse or acute acumen, rigidly charta- ceous, with revolute margins, dark green above, opake, sulcate on the pilosulous midrib and oblique nerves, with 2 or more small glands among the rigid hairs at the base of the midrib, ferruginously opake beneath, hispidly pilose upon the prominent midrib and nerves, the hairs rufous and spreading, 13-23 in. long, $-1¥ in. broad, on stout villous petioles 13-2 lines long; raceme terminal, 1 in. long, densely hirsute, on a stoutish peduncle 9 lines long, bearing an oblong capitate head of small flowers, all rufously hir- sutulous, on horizontal stout pedicels 4 line long, at first approximately spicate, after- wards more remote, the lower ones supported by lanceolate bracts 2 lines long, the upper ones by acutely deltoid bracteoles 4 line long; sepals acute, subpilose, 1 line long; corolla subpilose outside, glabrous within, 2 lines long; tube 14 line long; segments membranaceous, 4 line long; stamens small, apices subexserted; disk of 5 oblong free lobes, a little shorter than the 2 subpilose ovaries; follicles 2, horizontally divaricate, black, sparsely pilose, terete, straight, 2 in. long, 1 line thick, subacute at the apex, each ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. 103 enclosing many imbricate seeds on a narrow cylindrical placenta emanating from the ventral suture; seeds acutely oblong, 3 lines long, 4 line broad (immature), with pellucidly membranaceous margins, reddish, marked on the ventral face by the hilum, and without the indication of a coma; embryo unknown. | A drawing of this species, with its floral and carpological analyses, is given in Plate XIII. B. The latter analysis agrees precisely with Mr. Bentham’s description of his typical species in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 246. 25. THYRSANTHUS MULTINERVIUS, nob.: Forsteronia multinervia, A. DC. 1. c. p. 487; Mill. J. ¢. p. 104: Wheeleria oppositifolia, Solander, Prim. Fl. Bras. p. 66. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Rio de Janeiro (Solander, a.p. 1786), Rio Parahybuna (Gardner 5548). A species described by De Candolle from a plant collected by Gomez in the neigh- bourhood of Rio de Janeiro, with which the above specimens well agree. It is a climb- ing plant, with subflexuous, ferruginously pilose, lenticellate branches, the axils 1 in. apart; leaves ovate oblong, subobtuse at the base, acutely acuminate and mucronulate, submembranaceous, green with a reddish hue above, with about 12 pairs of parallel subascending nerves and transverse reticulated veins, sparsely pilose, especially on the nerves, with 2 distinct glands at the base of the midrib almost concealed by the hairs, more densely pilose beneath, 3-5 in. long, 1-1? in. broad, on pubescent petioles 2-3 lines long; inflorescence axillary on a subdeflexed peduncle 4 lines long, subcapitate, 1 in. in diameter, consisting of very numerous small flowers on very approximate branchlets bare at the base for 3 lines, each bearing about 8 crowded subspicate flowers on pubescent pedicels 1 line long, each furnished with a small lanceolate bract ; sepals acutely oblong, puberulous, 7 line long; corolla glabrous, 2 lines long; tube only $ line long, bearing within a dense ring of white hairs; segments oblong, submembranaceous, of a red colour, smooth on both sides, a small tuft at the base of the median nerve, with dextrorse con- volution, the right inside margin involute; stamens inserted on the pilose ring ; filaments very short; anthers oblong, small, shortly bicleft at the base, terminated by an inflexed membranaceous point ; disk 5-lobed, as long as the 2 pilose oval ovaries. A species near 7. bracteatus. 26. Tayrsantuus Brasitiensis, nob.: Forsteronia Brasiliensis, A. DC. 1. c. p. 486; Mill. l. c. p. 102: Echites torquata, Cas. (?) Pl. Bras. n. 1601. In Brasilia: v. s. in hb. meo (n. 5057), Pernambuco (Gardner 1059). . An erect shrub, 5 feet high, with slender, rufescent, glabrous, lenticellate branchlets, having axils 1 in. apart; leaves opposite, oblong, narrower below the middle, rounded at the base, suddenly contracted at the summit into an obtuse acumen, submembranaceous, glabrous, darkish green above, sulcate on the midrib, with 2 small glands at its hase, nerves semi-immersed, somewhat paler beneath, with prominulent reddish nerves and reticulated veins, 13-22 in. long, 9-13 lines broad, on puberulous channelled petioles 2 lines long; a subglobose panicle 6 lines in diameter, on a peduncle 3 lines long, bearing many small agglommerated flowers on pedicels 4 line long, and an acute bract of the same length; sepals lanceolate, 1 line long; corolla 2 lines long, with a very short 104 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. tube, having a pilose ring in its mouth; segments lanceolate, with dextrorse convolution, reddish, almost glabrous, obsoletely pubescent on the median nerve; stamens exserted. Gardner’s specimen agrees with the characters given by De Candolle and Miller. Casasetto’s plant probably belongs elsewhere, as it appears to be a twining species. 27. THYRSANTHUS RUFUS, nob.: Forsteronia rufa, Miill. 7. c. p. 100, tab. 31. In Brasilia: v. ». et sicc. in herb. meo (n. 4039) ex montibus Organensibus; v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex eodem loco (Gardner 580), in herb. meo (n. 2411) sine loco (Ackermann). I collected this species in company with Gardner in January 1838. It is tolerably well figured by Miiller (7. c.). The branches and branchlets are ferruginously tomen- tous, with axils 1-14 in. apart; the leaves are oblong-ovate, obtuse and rounded at the base, constricted near the summit into a short subacute acumen, chartaceous, entire, green and opake above, with many divaricately ascending nerves arcuately conjoined, puberulous on the midrib, paler beneath, pubescent, with yellow prominulent nerves, 34-32 in. long, 14-1} in. broad, on pubescent petioles 3-4 lines long; the panicles, nearly erect, are opposite in the axils, or geminate at the ends of the branches, sub- pyramidal, 54 in. long, branching from near the base at intervals of about 4 in., closer gradually upwards, lower branches 1 in. long, bare and bracteolated at the base, again and again divided, all furnished with narrow acute bracteoles 4 lines long; flowers in each branch numerous, subcongested, on pedicels 2 lines long; sepals acute, externally pubescent, 14 line long, with few inner bifid scales; corolla 43 lines long, its tube cylin- drical, 13 line long; segments acutely oblong, reddish, membranaceous, slightly puberu- lous inside, with dextrorse convolution, 3 lines long; stamens exserted; filaments short, membranaceous ; anthers 2 lines long, linear, membranaceous at the apex, with 2 obtuse basal prongs; disk 5-lobed, as long as the 2 pilose ovaries; style very short, with a thickened clavuncle as usual. The fruit is unknown. Miller ascribes to this species 2 follicles more than a foot long, strangulated at remote intervals into 5 or 6 seminiferous lobes containing several seeds with a long apical coma; but these belong to his Forsteronia montana, a plant also from the Organ Moun- tains, which he confounded with it, and which has a very similar habit and inflorescence. This latter plant is fully described in a subsequent page, under that name. 28. TuyRsaNnTHUS sEssILis, nob.: Echites sessilis, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 111; Icon. iii. tab. 35; A. DC. l.c. p. 476: Tabernemontana sessilis, Vell. 1. c. p. 106: Malouetia sessilis, Miill. 1. c. p. 96. In Brasilia: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. sine loco (Claussen). The two plants recorded by Velloz under the same specific name are evidently iden- tical ; and Claussen’s specimens agree well with them. The floral characters are not those of Malouetia, but they accord in all respects with Thyrsanthus. Velloz found one of the plants at Cairura, near Paraty, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, the other near Itagoahy, in the same province. It is a scandent species, with dichotomous, flexuous, verruculously lenticellate, lactescent branches, the axils being 1-4 in. apart; the leaves are elliptic oblong, roundish at the base, and suddenly constricted upon the petiole, shortly acuminate, patently recurved, thinly chartaceous, very glabrous, obscure green ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 105 and opake above, with scarcely prominulent midrib and oblique nerves, with 2 small long glands at the base of the midrib, ferruginously opake beneath, with prominulent and reti- culate veins, 3-4 in. long, 14-2 in. broad, on deeply channelled reflexed petioles 3-4 lines long; the inflorescence is axillary, or in the dichotomy of the branches, 1 in. long, con- sisting of 8 or 10 approximate flowers on a slender peduncle 8 lines long, all glabrous, upon pedicels 2-3 lines long, supported by an acutely ovate membranaceous bracteole 1 line long; sepals acutely ovate, submembranaceous, 1 line long, each with three minute inner basal scales; corolla red, glabrous outside, 4 lines long; tube 3 lines long, pilose in the throat; segments subovoid, membranaceous, 1 line long, with dextrorse con- volution; stamens partly exserted; anthers acuminate, with 2 long, slender, parallel basal prongs; disk of 5 oblong free lobes, nearly as long as the 2 ovaries. 29. THYRSANTHUS CREBRIFLORUS, nob.: ramulis teneris, teretibus, fuscis, lenticellis parvis flavidis creberrime maculatis: foliis ovatis, imo subacutis, apice sensim vel abruptius acute acuminatis, glaberrimis, submembranaceis, supra fusce viridibus, costa plana, imo glandulis 2 parvis munita, nervis tenuissimis, violaceis, adscendenti-divaricatis, venisque reticulatis utrinque fere immersis, subtus opace brunnescentibus ; petiolis fuscis, glabris limbo 12plo brevioribus: panicula terminal, subthyrsoidea, quam folium paullulo breviore, e basi alternatim ramosa; pedunculo flavide pubes- cente, ramis divisis, creberrime plurifloris, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteolatis ; sepalis parvis, ovatis, flavide membranaceis, obsolete puberulis; corolle tubo brevissimo, segmentis oblongis 2plo longi- oribus, glabris, rufescentibus, dextrorsum paullulo convolutis; staminibus subexsertis; ceteris ut in T. myriantho. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro ad Rio Parahybuna, montibus Organensibus : v. 8. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex 1. c. (Gardner 5018). A species near the preceding. Its branchlets are very slender, with axils near 1 in. apart; leaves 2-24 in. long, 10-12 lines broad, on petioles 2 lines long; panicle 13 in. long; its branches 4 in. long, diminishing upwards; pedicels $ line long, supported by a bracteole of the same length; sepals 4 line long; tube of corolla 1 line long; segments 14 line long. The rest as in 7. myrianthus. 30. THYRSANTHUS MYRIANTHUS, nob.: Forsteronia floribunda, Mull. (non Meyer) 7. c. p. 96. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Arraial das Mercés (Gardner 5012). The specimen above quoted is Gardner’s 5012 (not Gaudichaud’s, as Miller by mis- take states). Its branches are fistulous, compressed, lenticellate, fuscous-reddish, with axils 2-21 in. apart, each node furnished with 3 distinct interpetiolar stipules; leaves ternate, spreading, oblong-elliptic, subacute at the base, narrower and mucronately obtuse at the summit, submembranaceous, glabrous, darkish green above, with a flattened fuscous midrib, and about 9 pairs of arcuated nerves, each with a small concave gland within its axil, and a more or less concrete granular gland at the base of the midrib, concolorous beneath, with reddish prominulent nerves and reticulated veins, 4142 in. long, 12-2 in. broad, on channelled lenticellate petioles 1 line long; panicle terminal, somewhat spreading, 8 in. long, bearing innumerable very small flowers on a peduncle bare for 7 lines, then oppositely branched at intervals of 14 in., gradually diminishing upwards, branches very slender, arcuately ascending, bare at the base for some distance, bracteolated, each alternately divided, the branchlets bearing several laxly P 106 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA., alternate flowers, on pedicels 1-1} line long, minutely bracteolated; sepals subacute, membranaceous, glabrous, + line.long, each with 3 minute inner scales; corolla 2 lines long, dark red, glabrous; tube $ line long; segments 1} line long, equilateral, glabrous outside, pubescent inside on the median nerve, with a slight dextrorse convolution ; stamens exserted; disk of 5 free, broadly ovate lobes, as long as the 2 conical ovaries, hairy at the summit. 31. Tayrsantaus Luscunati, nob.: Forsteronia Luschnatii, Mill. i. c. p. 98. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: non vidi. A species near the preceding, with cinereous glabrous branches; leaves ternate, ovate, subacute at the base, shortly acuminate, rigidly membranaceous, cinereo-fuscous, with slender, scarcely prominulent nerves, 23-22 in. long, 11-13 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long; inflorescence as in the preceding species, obsoletely pubescent. 32. THYRSANTHUS MERIDIONALIS, nob.: Forsteronia meridionalis, Mill. J. c. p. 98. In Brasilia, prov. Rio Grande do Sul ad S. Joaé Baptista (Sellow) : non vidi. A species approaching the two preceding, with obsoletely tomentellous branches; leaves ternate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base, with a long acute acumen, sub- membranaceous, blackish green above, dark olive green beneath, minutely pubescent and scabridulous, 23-23 in. long, 6-8; lines broad, on petioles 2} lines long; in- florescence as in the preceding species, with innumerable, minute flowers. 33. Tuyrsantuus emBeLiorpxs, A. DC. J. c. p. 387; Deless. Icon. v. 21, tab. 48: Forsteronia embelioides, Mill. 7. c. p. 97, tab. 50. fig. 2. In Brasilia, prov. Minas Geraés: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Catas Altas (Gardner 5014). A species differing from 7. Luschnatii in its smaller and paler leaves, which exactly resemble those of 7. difformis. Its branches are very slender, glabrous, and rufescent, with axils 1-1} in. apart; leaves ternate, ovate-oblong, acute at the base, obtuse or suddenly constricted at the apex into a short acumen, membranaceous, glabrous, of a palish green above, sulcate along the midrib, immersed pellucid nerves, with a longi- tudinal granular gland hidden in hairs within the basal plicature, paler, yellowish and opake beneath, with subprominent midrib, and reddish fine pellucid nerves and reticu- lated veins, 1-24 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on slender petioles 3-5 lines long; panicle terminal, laxly branched, as in 7. myrianthus, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, bearing innumer- able very small flowers, on pedicels 1-1} line long; sepals membranaceous, + line long; corolla of a reddish hue, pruinose, membranaceous; tube } line long; segments roundish, 14 line long; rest as in the generic character. 34. Tuyrsantuus pitosus, A. DC. J. c. p. 387: Echites pilosa, Vell. Fl. Flum. p. 112; Icon. iii. tab. 388: Forsteronia pilosa, Mill. 1. c. p. 99. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: non vidi. A species near 7. myrianthus, with stoutish branches, shortly dichotomous at the apex, with axils 1-1} in. apart; leaves ternate, lanceolate-oblong, narrower and obtuse at the ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 107 base, with a long, gradually acute summit, 33-5 in. long, 3-1} in. broad, on spreading petioles 2 lines long; panicles terminal, thyrsoid, 4 in. long, 1 in. broad, with several opposite divergent branchlets 2-3 lines apart, 1 in. long, shortening upwards, again branching, each branchlet bearing about 6 alternate flowers, on pedicels 4 line long; flowers 2 lines long; segments of border puberulous inside. The Thyrsanthus sericeus of Sagot is referred by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 707) to Geissospermum. Rossra. This genus was first established by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, upon a Brazilian plant which had been previously noticed by Martius as a species of Tabernemontana. The genus was clearly defined by De Candolle, and well figured. by Delessert, who added to it analytical details of the structure of the flower and the seed; but notwithstanding this, Dr. Miiller ignored the genus, wrongly regarding the typical plant as a species of Malouetia. I have here added another species ; but I will first correct a few errors in the recorded details. De Candolle attributes to the segments of the corolla a sinistrorse convolution ; but I have found this to be dextrorse, as is correctly shown in the analysis of Delessert. In this analysis there is an omission of the 5 scales which close the mouth of the corolla, which De Candolle rightly mentions. These scales are placed opposite to the segments, are rounded, fleshy, ciliated on their margins, and united in an annular ring. The anthers are enclosed for three fourths of their length within the tube, where they appear almost sessile; but their long filaments are agglutinated to the tube, where they form 5 ridges covered by retrorse white hairs; upon the back of the anthers may be seen a line of rigid hairs. I found also the tube of the corolla puberulous within, towards its base. I remarked also that the inner integument of the seed is distinct, though adhering to the testa, and that the embryo is enveloped in thin albumen. 1. Rossia cestroipes, A. DC. 1. c. p. 445; Deless. Icon. v. 23, tab. 52: Malouetia cestroides, Mill. l. c. p. 94, tab. 29. fig. 2: Tabernemontana cestroides, Nees et Mart. Nov. Act. xi, p. 83. In prov. Bahia et Ilheos (Blanchet 1578 et 1738): v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. This species certainly does not belong to Malouetia. It is a glabrous shrub, 6 feet high, with slender dichotomous branches, its axils being 13-2 in. apart; leaves elliptic or lanceolate oblong, acute at both ends, terminated by a short obtuse acumen, sub- membranaceous, very glabrous, pale green above, with very fine, semi-immersed, eglan- dulous nerves and reticulated veins, ochraceous opake beneath, with reddish prominulent midrib and nerves, 14-22 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on slender petioles 3 lines long; panicles in the opposite axils, with fasciculate flowers borne on a peduncle scarcely 1 line long; pedicels slender, 4-5 lines long, with a small basal bracteole; sepals sub- acute, + line long; tube of corolla gradually swelling downwards, narrower upwards, with 5 small glands in the throat, it is 3 lines long, including the short campanular expansion of the throat; segments linear oblong, acute, 6 lines long, simply and dex- P2 108 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. trorsely convolute, rotately expanded, recurved at the apex; stamens included within the throat, seated on 5 pilose lines; disk of 5 oblong free lobes, half as long as the 2 pilose obtusely oblong ovaries; style slender, bearing a clavuncle membranaceous at its base, adhering to the anthers; 2 short, erect, terminal stigmata; 2 divaricate follicles, terete or subfusiform, 3 in. long, 24 lines thick, arcuate; seeds without an apical coma, oblong, subcompressed, with a central hilum on one face, densely covered all over with erect cottony hairs, which extend far beyond the apex; embryo in thin albumen, with 2 linear-oblong flat cotyledons 8 times as long as the narrow terete superior radicle. A drawing of this species, with its floral analysis, is shown in Plate XII. . 2. Rossa cossrpina, nob.: ramulis quadrangulatis, dichotomis, ad nodos compressos dilatatis: foliis oppositis, ellipticis, imo acutis, apice in acumen lineare obtusum attenuatis, marginibus subundulatis, tenuiter chartaceis, supra viridibus, sublucentibus, ad nervos sulcatulis, subtus fulvide pallidioribus, opacis, costa rubella prominula, nervis adscendenti-divaricatis, cum glandula cava in quaque axilla, venis reticulatis immersis ; petiolis tenuibus, canaliculatis, margine nodi insertis, limbo 12plo brevi- oribus ; pedunculo fructifero axillari et subterminali, quam petiolus 3plo longiore: folliculis 2, paullo divaricatis, subulato-teretibus, apice obtuso incurvatis, sutura ventrali dehiscentibus, marginibus introflexis placentiferis ; seminibus plurimis, ventre subconcavis et curte pilosis, medio hilo oblongo peltatim affixis, dorso pilis lanatis longissimis erectis densis ultra apicem extensis; embryone heterotropo, in albumine incluso, cotyledonibus oblongis, foliaceis, quam radicula supera teres 6plo longioribus. In prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Itagoahy (Bowie et Cunningham). The opposite leaves are fixed on the edges of the prominent transverse compressed nodes, which are 3 in. apart; the leaves are 3-4 in. long, 13-14 in. broad, on petioles 3-4 lines long, and are conspicuous for the concave glands seen beneath in the axil of each nerve. The fructiferous peduncle is 9 lines long, terminated by 2 suberect, terete, tapering follicles 2 in. long, 24 lines broad, containing numerous cottony seeds, densely covered by long, soft, ascending hairs, which extend 6 lines beyond the summit, being very short towards the base; the testa is 9 lines long, 1} line broad, very compressed ; the raphe and hilum are seen on the middle of one face. A drawing of this species, with its follicles, and analysis of its seeds, are seen in Plate XII. c. 3. Roupra MacrocaRpa, nob.: Echites ? macrocarpa, Rich. (non Wallich) Fl. Cub. p. 94; Walpers Ann. v. 495. In ins. Cuba: non vidi. This species cannot belong to any other genus than Robddia, with which it agrees well in all its essential characters. It is glabrous, with an erect, branching, woody stem, the branches being virgate; the leaves are ternately verticillate, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, coriaceous, below finely reticulated, marked by many close impressed dots, on longish petioles; flowers aggregated in a cyme. As in the preceding species, one of its follicles is abortive, the other being very elongated and narrow, more than 18 in. long, 2 lines broad, containing many oblong-linear compressed seeds covered all over with very long white hairs. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACER: 109 SKYTANTHUS. A genus first proposed by Meyen in 1834, upon a Chile plant. A second species was described by Prof. De Candolle in 1844, as the type of his genus Neriandra—an excel- lent analysis, under the latter name, being shown in Delessert’s Icones. Its fruit and seeds, however, were then unknown. Miller, in 1860, described a third species, and at the same time figured the fruit and seeds of De Candolle’s species. The genus is dis- tinguished by the long setaceous termination of its anthers—a feature also occurring in Nerium and Strophanthus, in the tribe Stipecomee: it is also notable for the total absence ofa disk. The fruit consists of 2 long slender follicles, containing many imbricate, oblong, glabrous, compressed seeds winged at both extremities, without an apical coma, and peltately attached by a central hilum to the inflected placenta. This structure places the genus in the tribe Rodbiee. 1. Sxyrantuus acutus, Meyen, Reise i. 376; Endl. Gen. Suppl. p. 13896; A. DC. J.c. p. 488: Skytalan- thus acutus, Schauer, Nov. Act. xix. Suppl. i. 861; Gay, Chile, iv. 385; Walp. Rep. vi. 478: Neriandra angustifolia, A. DC. 1. ce. p. 422. In Chile ad Copiapo: non vidi. A low shrub, with a subprostrate or procumbent stem, and terete pubescent branches ; leaves approximated, opposite or alternate, lanceolate, subcuneate at the base, obtuse, with a recurved mucronate apex, entire, coriaceous, with revolute margins, midrib immersed above, prominent beneath, opakely glaucous above, farinaceously puberulous below, 13—2 in. long, 2—3 lines broad, on petioles 2-4 lines long; cymes axillary or ter- minal, shorter than the leaves, on a trichotomous peduncle, few-flowered, with minute bracts; pedicels 3 lines long; sepals acute, as in the pedicels hirtellous, 14 line long; tube of yellow corolla 7 lines long, villous within; segments oval, of the same length, puberulous outside; anthers exserted, with long apical appendages; 2 long, terete, com- pressed subulate, falcate, velvety follicles, horn-shaped, giving to the plant the name of “ cuernecilla.” 2. SKYTANTHUS HANCORNI#£FOLIUS, nob.: Neriandra hancorniefolia, A. DC. Lc. p. 422; Deless. Icon. v 22, tab. 50; Miill. J. c. p. 63, tab. 50. fig. 1. In prov. Bahia, Jacobina, in montibus: non vidi. A shrubby species, with terete glabrous branches; leaves opposite or subalternate, oblong, cuneate at the base, subacute towards the apex, nerves approximate, patently parallel, slender, 13-2 in. long, 7-9 lines broad, on very slender petioles 4-7 lines long; panicles dichotomous in opposite axils, slender, 2-25 in. long; pedicels 4 lines long, slender, with a very minute basal bracteole; sepals acutely linear, imbricated, 14 line long, without inner scales; tube of corolla 3 lines long, narrowly cylindrical ; segments 6 lines long, oblong, subreflexed, dextrorsely convolute; stamens seated in the middle of the tube, with long, exserted apical appendages, spirally twisted together ; disk none; 2 free ovaries; follicles 2, terete, puberulous, horizontally expanding, ex- trorsely arching, 8 in. long, 2 lines broad; seeds oblong, winged all round, 8 lines long, 2 lines broad, with a central hilum, peltately attached on each side of a solid torose placenta. 110 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE#, 3. Sxytantaus Marrianvs, nob.: Neriandra Martiana, Mill. J. c. p. 62, tab. 18: Habsburghia comans, Mart. Pl. Bras. Medic. In Brasilia, ad Rio San Francisco: non vidi. This is said to resemble much the preceding species; and it comes from near the same locality. It differs only in the form and pubescence of its leaves; the axils are 3-1 in. apart; the leaves are oblong-elliptic, subacute at both ends, pubescent at first, afterwards glabrous above, with close patent nerves, 13-23 in. long, 6-7 lines broad, on petioles 5 lines long; peduncle ? in. long, twice trichotomously divided. 4. Sxytanraus Havanensis, nob.: Neriandra Havanensis, Mill. Linn. xxx. 401. In Havana (Sagra 274): non vidi. A species with very slender branches, trichotomously divided, with axils 4 in. apart; leaves broadly ovate, inequilateral, and suddenly acute at the base, terminated by a short, oblique, acute, often recurved acumen, glabrous, with many close, parallel, straight nerves conjoined near the margin and 3-1 line apart; they are 2-22 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on petioles 6 lines long; panicles trichotomously branched, shorter than the leaves, bearing 12 to 18 flowers, on slender pedicels 2 to 4 times as long as the calyx; sepals broadly ovate, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, 1} line long; tube of corolla 34 lines long, campanulate in the mouth; segments 53 lines long, triangularly inequilateral; anthers small, ovoid, terminated by filiform appendages of nearly equal length, twisted together; ovaries short, glabrous. The Neriandra suberecta, A. DC., founded on the Echites suberecta, Sw. et And. (non Echites suberecta, Jacq.), belongs to my genus Chariomma. It is referred by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. ii. 705), to Urechites, here confounding the two plants figured by Andrews and Jacquin under the same name, which are very distinct. In p. 28 I have alluded to a mistake imputed by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker to Miiller, in regard to the supposed identity of Cameraria and Skytanthus; but I find this not to be Miller’s mistake, but one of the many blunders of Prof. Grisebach, who in his Cat. Pl. Cub. n. 16, p. 170, confounds together Cameraria latifolia and Neriandra Hawanensis. CHARIOMMA *, Most of the plants forming this group were placed, doubtfully, by De Candolle, in Neriandra, a genus since abandoned; and they certainly differ widely in several respects. Neriandra (now Skytanthus, by right of priority) has a rather small hypocrateriform corolla, with narrow segments; the stamens are seated below the mouth, and the twisted appendages are exserted; there is no disk. On the other hand, in Chariomma the corolla is larger (often very large), with broad dolabriform segments, the stamens are wholly included, being inserted below the middle of the tube, and there is a conspicuous disk. The type is the Hehites suberecta of Swartz and Andrews (not of Jacquin). CuariomMa, nob. Sepala 5, acute lanceolata, membranacea, erecta, valde imbricata, intus singulatim squamulis 3 parvis acutis ad basin predita. Corolla sepius majuscula; tubus pro tertia parte imo * From xadps (gaudium), dupa (facies), from its large handsome flowers. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 111 cylindricus, superne campanulatus, fauce nudus ; seymenta 5, latissime dolabriformia, angulo sinistro acuto, dextrorsum convoluta, subrotatim expansa. Stamina 5, omnino inclusa; filamenta breviter linearia, margine pilosa, ad contractionem tubi inserta; anthere lineares, subacute bifurcate, apice in appendices 4plo longiores, tenuissime lineares, spiraliter tortas prolongate. Discus e lobis 5 oblongis carnosis constans. OQvaria 2, oblonga, disco 2plo longiora. Stylus subtenuis; clavuncula incrassata, imo in membranam late peltatam expansa. Stigmata 2, obtusa, seepe pilosa, terminalia. Follicult 2, longi, teretes. Semina plurima, imbricata (non alata), compressa, apicem versus lanu- ginosa, ecomosa. Suffrutices Antillani et Columbienses, subscandentes ; folia opposita, interdum ternata aut verti- cillata, ovata vel oblonga, breviter petiolata ; panicule terminales aut axillares ; flores speciosissimi, lutei vel albi. : 1. CuariomMa surrecra, nob.: Echites suberecta, Sw. (non Jacq.) Observ. p. 104; Andrews in Bot. Repos. tab. 187; Sims, Bot. Reg. xxvii. tab. 1064, var. 8; Lunan, Hort. Jam. ii. 144: Nerium sar- mentosum (2), P. Browne, Jam. p. 180: Neriandra suberecta, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 422: Hemadictyon suberectum, Don, Dict. iv. 23: Urechites neriandra, Griseb. Fl. B. W. Ind. p. 415. In Antillis : non vidi. This species has been confounded with the Kchites suberecta of Jacquin by every botanist, from Swartz downwards (except De Candolle), both plants being natives of Jamaica; but this differs in many essential particulars, especially in its inflorescence, with large yellow flowers, in the position of its stamens, terminated by long twisting filiform appendages, and the presence of a disk. It grows in savannas, flowering all the year round, is a shrubby plant, charged with milky juice, and, when supported by other shrubs, grows to a height of 10 feet, but in the open savannas to only 3 or 4 feet, some- times even to only 1 foot. Its branching stem is glabrous, the branches straight, weak, terete, pubescent, the dilated axils 2-3 in. apart; opposite leaves ovate, rounded at the base, subobtuse and mucronate at the apex, subcoriaceous, entire, with very revolute margins, above nitid, reticulated, somewhat pallid beneath, subhirsutulous, 22 in. long, 14-12 in. broad, on channelled puberulous petioles 3 lines long; racemes lateral at the nodes, 2-24 in. long; peduncle bare for the length of 1-13 in., trifid above, and bearing 5-7 opposite flowers on pedicels 2-4 lines apart and 3-5 lines long, each with a basal bracteole 3-4 lines long; sepals linear acuminate, hirsute, 3-4 lines long ; corolla very large; tube cylindrical, 15 lines long, contracted near its base for a quarter of its length, swelling above, 5 lines broad in the mouth, hispidly pubescent externally, with red striate lines within; segments roundly dolabriform, acute at the sinister angle, dextrorsely convolute, rotately expanded, smooth inside, membranaceous, yellow, 12 lines long, 9 lines broad; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, included; filaments short, pilose; anthers linear, corneous below and bifurcate, prolonged at the summit into very long filiform appendages, spirally twisted together, and nearly reaching the mouth; disk of 5 oblong, free, crenate lobes, surrounding the 2 small ovaries; style short and slender, clavuncle incrassate; stigmata 2, obtuse, terminal. The 2 follicles, , according to Swartz, are very long, terete and pubescent. Sloane says they are set * together like bull’s horns. They contain several imbricate seeds, lanuginous towards the apex, as in Elytropus and Skytanthus. The whole plant is extremely poisoneus. 112 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. The specific name is changed to surrecta, that it may no longer be confounded with the Echites suberecta of Jacquin (non Sw.). A drawing of it, with its floral analysis, is given in Plate XV. B. 2. Cuarromma Domincensis, nob.: Echites Domingensis, Sw. Prodr. p. 52; Fl. Occid. i. 529; Jacq. Coll. i. p. 73; Icon. Rar. tab. 53; A. DC. l. c. p. 452: Echites heterophylla, Gmelin, Syst. 1. 487: Urechites Jamaicensis, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 416. In Antillis: non vidi. A very slender, branching, climbing plant, growing to a height of 10 feet, with fili- form, terete, pubescent, lactescent branchlets; leaves ovate-oblong, rounded or sub- cordate at the base, acute at the summit, entire, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous above, nerved and reticulately veined, pale ferruginous beneath, and scabridly pubescent, those of early growth narrowly linear and 3 in. long, those of permanent production 1-14 in. long, 6 lines broad, on short pubescent petioles; panicles axillary, subracemose, shorter or longer than the leaves, on bifid peduncles, each branch bearing few large odoriferous yellow flowers; sepals subulately linear, erect, subhirtous, 4 lines long; tube of corolla 1 in. long, cylindrical below for a length shorter than the sepals, swelling above, and spreading to a breadth of 5 lines in the mouth, which is villous inside and subpenta- gonous; segments large, obliquely inequilateral, undulated on the margin, 12 lines long, 10 lines broad; stamens seated at the contraction of the tube, enclosed; anthers linear, with long slender apical appendages, spirally twisted together; disk of 5 roundish yellow lobes, embracing the 2 ovaries; style short; clavuncle incrassate, 5-lobed; stigmata 2, globose. This species evidently belongs to Chariomma (not to Skytanthus), on account of its in- florescence with large yellow flowers, the position of its stamens, and the presence of a conspicuous disk. 3. CHaRIOMMA MUCRONULATA, nob. In ins. San Thomas, v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. ex loc. cit. (Rhyons, sub Echites erecta). A species near C. Domingensis, differing in the size and shape of its leaves and in its smaller flowers. It has rather slender terete branches, with axils 1} in. apart; leaves opposite, oblong, narrower towards the roundish base, broader and rounded at the mu- cronulate summit, chartaceous, with subcrenulate revolute margins, pale green above, very opake, with about 8 pairs of scarcely prominulent fine ascending nerves, opake and sub- ochraceous beneath, with a flattened midrib, prominulent nerves, and finely reticulated veins, 2-23 in. long, #-1 in. broad, on channelled petioles 2 lines long; inflorescence axillary, as long as the leaves, on a bifid peduncle, each branch bearing 3 or 4 flowers on finely hirsutulous pedicels 3 lines long; sepals linear, acuminate, membranaceous, hirsutely pilose outside, 3 lines long, 4 line broad, pilose along the nerve within, with 2 or 8 very minute internal scales; tube of corolla 7 lines long, stoutish, narrower at its base for 2} lines, spreading above to a breadth of 6 lines; segments dolabriform, 6 lines long, and as broad, acute at the sinister angle, and dextrorsely convolute, subvillous outside, as well as the tube; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube, and alto- gether included; filaments pilose; anthers ovate, shortly bifurcate at the base, expanded ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 113 at the summit into long slender appendages, spirally twisted together, and scarcely reaching the mouth ;, disk of 5 ovate fleshy lobes, half the length of 2 acutely oblong ovaries; style shortish, clavuncle incrassate, with a basal peltate membrane; stigmata 2, pilose; 2 erect follicles, slender, terete, arching, conjoined at the apex, near 8 in. long, 1 line thick. 4, Cuariomma Fiava, nob.: Dipladenia flava, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 4702; Miill. in Linn. xxx. 445; Walp. Ann. v. 496, In Nova Granada (Purdie), in Kew cult.: non vidi. A scandent plant, closely resembling the typical species in its habit and inflorescence, more especially in its stamens terminated by long setiform appendages; there can be no hesitation, therefore, in placing it here, especially as Sir William Hooker did not observe its disk. Its terete branches are firm, pilose when young; its axils ? in. apart; its opposite leaves ovate, subacute at the base, shortly and acutely constricted at the apex, submembranaceous, younger ones pilose, 2-22 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles 4-6 lines long; raceme axillary or terminal, with 2 or 8 showy yellow flowers, or only a single one by abortion, all sericeo-pilose; peduncle 6 lines long; bracts foliaceous, 4 lines long; pedicels 4 lines long; sepals subulate, 4 lines long; tube of corolla 1 in. long, narrowly constricted below the middle; segments broadly dolabriform, 1 in. long and broad ; stamens included, their long twisting appendages reaching the mouth. 5. CHARIOMMA NoBILIs, nob.: Dipladenia nobilis, Lemaire, Ann. Soc. Gand. iii. 331, tab. 152; Van Houtte, Fl. des Serres, v. 437; Paxton, Mag. Bot. xvi. 66, cum icone; Walp. Ann. iii. 44; Mill. Fl. Bras. ¢. c. p. 180. In Brasilia, prov. 8. Catharina: non vidi. A handsome species, only known as a cultivated plant. It approaches C. flava in its elongated twisting anthers. It has several erect stems growing out of a tuberous root, which are green, glabrous, and lactescent; leaves small, ovate, subcordate, with a short obtuse acumen, shining above, with numerous parallel nerves; racemes opposite, with large, tricoloured flowers; sepals small, gibbous at the base, recurved at the apex; tube of corolla 3 in. long, narrowly cylindrical at its base for the length of 1 in., funnel- shaped above, and costate, yellow below, dark purple within the mouth; segments un- guiculate, broadly dolabriform, uncinately acute, of a pale rose-colour ; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube; anthers very elongated at the apex, and there spirally twisted together. The plant is certainly not a Dzpladenia. 6. CHARIOMMA VERTICILLATA, nob.: Apocynum scandens, amplissimo flore luteo ; Plumieria fol. ovato- oblongis, Plum. Amer. i. p. 21, tab. 29: Nerium oleander, Lunan (in parte), Hort. Jam. ii. 181. In Jamaica : non vidi. A handsome species, differing from all the preceding in its larger, verticillate leaves, and broad terminal corymb of several large handsome flowers. From Plumier’s drawing, the stem has ternate branches, subscandent, with axils 4 in. apart; the lower leaves are opposite, the intermediate and terminal quaternately verticillate ; they are ovate-elliptic, oblong, subobtuse at the base, terminated by a short acumen, rigid, with entire margins, and arcuately conjoined nerves patently divaricate, 3-4 in. long, 13-1} in. broad, on Q 114 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. stout petioles 3 lines long; terminal panicle sessile, trifidly branching from its base, each branch on a peduncle 3-1 in. long, bearing 3 yellow flowers, on pedicels 3 lines long, supported by linear bracts; sepals acutely oblong, 6 lines long; tube of corolla 2? in. long, narrowed below the middle, campanularly expanding above; segments rhomboidally dolabriform, 1} in. long and broad. There are indications in the rough drawing of the long setiform expansions of the anthers. According to Lunan, the leaves are poisonous and acrid, and the disk of 5 lobes tridentate at the apex. 7. CHARIOMMA SCANDENS, nob.: Apocynum scandens flore nerii albo, Plum. Descr. Plants Amer. p. 82, _ tab. 96. In insul. S. Domingo et Martinico: non vidi. A lactescent, sarmentaceous shrub, with opposite cinereous branches 2 lines thick, with axils 44-54 in. apart; leaves opposite, oblong, gradually narrower towards the base and decurrent on the petiole, roundish above and suddenly terminating in a short mucronate point, entire, rigidly chartaceous, bright green above, with about 15 pairs of parallel patent arching nerves, darker beneath, 23-34 in. long, 14-14 in. broad, on petioles 5-6 lines long; raceme lateral, on a peduncle ?-14 in. long, bearing on its summit 3—4 verticillate flowers, or more often a solitary flower by abortion; bracts short, linear; pedicels 6 lines long; sepals oblong, subacute, 3 lines long; tube of corolla 2 in. long, contracted below the middle, funnel-shaped above, of a reddish colour; segments white, dolabriform, uncinate at one angle, 12 lines long, 9 lines broad; follicles terete, parallel, erect, acute, 8 in. long, 14 line thick, subconjoined at the apex; seeds many, clothed on their surface with dark reddish soft hairs. Althougn so little of the floral structure is known, it is manifest from its habit, its large handsome corolla like that of an oleander, with broad dolabriform segments uncinate on one angle, that it belongs to this genus, with which it agrees in the character of its follicles, as indicated by Swartz. The exserted appendages of the anthers are seen in Plumier’s rough figure, by error 8 in number. It is a species evi- dently congeneric with his Apocynum scandens, last described. ELYTROPUS. A genus established in 1860, by Dr. Miller, upon the Hehites pubescens, Hook. and Arn., a plant from Chile, and which comprises few species. These are mostly shrubs, with opposite, ovate or elliptic leaves, upon short petioles, and very short, few-flowered axillary panicles; they. bear 2 compressed linear follicles, with several imbricated seeds, without any apical coma, which are much flattened, clothed above the middle with many ascending soft hairs, which extend far beyond the apex, and are peltately attached in the middle to intruding placentz. Each seed contains an embryo in thin albumen, with foliaceous cotyledons, and a terete radicle of the same length. 1. Exyrrorus pusescens, nob.: Echites pubescens, Hook. & Arn. (non R. & Sch.) Bot. Beechy Voy. p. 84: Journ. Bot. i. 286: Elytropus Chilensis, Mill. (in parte), in Linn. xxx. 440. In Chile: v. s. in herb. meo (n. 20758), Valdivia (Bridges 661). A species much stouter than the others following, which have been confounded with ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 115 it. Its branches are brown, compressed, striate, glabrous, the younger branchlets puberulous; the axils are 14 in. apart; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, roundish at the base, and subcordate, subacuminate, coriaceous, dark green above, corrugulate, gla- brous, with slender immersed nerves, yellowish opake beneath; granulated midrib and nerves prominulent and pubescent, without apparent veins, 2-22 in. long, 1-12 in. broad, on stoutish pubescent petioles 2-3 lines long; racemes short, axillary, 3 in. long, on a very short peduncle, bearing 2-3 alternate approximate flowers; pedicels very short, bracteolated; sepals obtusely oblong, pilose outside; corolla with a short tube; segments spathulately oblong, longer than the tube, with simple dextrorse convolution ; stamens inserted near the base of the tube; anthers acuminate, with 2 basal aristate prongs ; disk of 5 free, erect lobes, nearly as long as the 2 ovaries; 2 erect, terete follicles, pilose, 33 in. long, the sutural margins introflexed and seminiferous; seeds oblong, com- pressed, with a small central hilum, furnished dorsally above the middle with dense erect hairs extending far beyond the summit. . A drawing of this species, with an analysis of its flower, fruit, and seeds, is shown in Plate XIV. a. 2. Exyrroprus Cuirensis, Mill, Bot. Zeit. 1860, p. 21, cum icone; Linn. xxx. 440: Echites Chilensis, A. DC. Prody. viii. 468; Gay, Chile, iv. 387. In Chile: v. s. in herb. meo (n. 20337) ; ad Chillan (Germain, in flore et fructu). A climbing species, near the preceding, but easily distinguished by the very dilated nodes of its branches, which are ? in. (sometimes 2 in.) apart; the branches are reddish brown and softly pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate, rounded at the base, gradually acute above the middle, rigidly chartaceous, with revolute margins, pale green above, sulcate along the nerves, the younger ones sparsely hirsute with hairs globose at the base, pallidly flavid beneath, very opake, subrugulous, midrib and nerves very prominent, and patently hirsute, 14-24 in. long, 2-14 in. broad, on stoutish, recurved, rigidly hirsute petioles 2-4 lines long; flowers geminate or solitary in the axils on patently pilose pedicels 3 lines long, each bearing 3 alternate acute bracteoles; sepals acute, pale green, pubes- cent, 3 lines long, 14 line broad; corolla glabrous, with a cylindrical tube 24 lines long; segments ovate, 4 lines long, 24 lines broad, with simple dextrorse convolution; rest as in the preceding species; 2 follicles, parallelly erect, linear, compressed, subtorulose, flavidly pubescent, when not quite ripe 8 in. long, 14 line broad, often conjoined at: the apex. 3. Exyrropus Prarmicus, nob.: Echites Chilensis, Mill. (in parte) J. c. p. 440: Echites ptarmica, Popp. Gen. iii. 69, tab. 278: Vinca sternutatoria, Popp. MS. in herb. Chile australis, ad Antuco: (Péppig) : non vidi. ‘ A low shrub, with several procumbent or scandent ramose hirsute branches, about 1 foot long; the oval leaves, obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, obtusely acute at the summit, pubescent beneath and hirsute along the midrib, are 2-34 in. long, 1-13. in. broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; 1 or 2 flowers on a short axillary peduncle, ‘with decussate oblong bractlets 1 line long; pedicels 13 line long; sepals acutely oblong, Q 2 116 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. subinequilateral, pubescent, ciliato-denticulate on the margins, 4 lines long; corolla 4 lines long, tubular, with a border of 5 ovate-oblong, nearly equilateral segments dex- trorsely convolute in estivation; stamens seated a little above the base of the tube on short pubescent filaments; anthers hairy behind, included, and nearly as long as the tube; disk of 5 obtusely ovate truncated lobes, as long as the ovaries; style short, incrassated at its summit by a cylindrical clavuncle, having a 5-cleft indusium at its base; stigmata 2, shortly rounded; 2 follicles, spreading, terete, pointed, glabrous out- side. A species well known to the natives under the name of “ quilmay,”’ being used to produce sneezing. 4. Exyrropus HETEKOPHYLLUS, nob.: Elytropus Chilensis, Mill. (in parte) /. ec. p. 440: Echites hetero- phyllus, Miquel in Linn. xxv. 653. In Chile, prov. Valdivia (Lechler) : v. s. in herb. meo (n. 7914), Chiloé (Capt. King). Captain King’s plant does not appear to differ from that of Lochler, as described by Miquel. The branches are dark red, terete, scabridly granulous, not dilated at the axils, which are 1-1} in. apart; leaves opposite, in equal pairs, but the pairs vary in size, the lower ones largest, they are elliptic, narrower and obtuse at the base, acuminate and mucronate at the summit, rigidly chartaceous, with very revolute margins, green above, glabrous, subrugulous, flavidly opake beneath, punctate-rugulous, hairy on the midrib and 8 pairs of ascending prominulent nerves, scabridulous to the touch; the pairs of leaves are respectively 24, 13 in. long, 6, 11 lines broad, on slender, patent, puberulous petioles 4-6 lines long; flowers solitary in the opposite axils, on slender pedicels 4-6 lines long, each bearing about 3 pairs of opposite bracteoles; sepals linear, acute, very membranaceous, subglabrous, or ciliolate, 24 lines long, 2 line broad, with alternate acute inner scales; tube of corolla 35 lines long; segments oblong, 33 lines long, 2 lines broad, with simple dextrorse convolution ; rest as in the other species. Miquel attributes to it 2 follicles, erect, subtorulose, acute at each end, 3 in. long. 5. Exyrropus spectasiuis, nob.: Echites spectabilis, Stadelm. Bot. Zeit. 1841, Beibl. 44; A. DC. lc. p. 462; Mill. 7. e. p. 153. In Amazonas, Rio Negro et Rio Solimoés ; in regione Japurensi : non vidi. A plant evidently congeneric with the Echites ptarmica of Péppig. It has a stoutish, terete, subtomentous trunk, with climbing thickish branchlets covered with fuscous pilose hairs, and with distant internodes; the opposite large leaves are oblong, slightly cordate at the base, with a short narrow acumen, membranaceous, of a dark olive hue, with subrevolute margins, opake on both sides, glabrous, with 10 pairs of divaricate nerves arcuately conjoined near the margins, without any apparent veins, 10-12 in. long, 45% in. broad, on petioles 13-2 in. long; inflorescence in opposite axils, as long as the petioles; peduncle 3 lines long, supporting 8 slender pedicels 53-74 lines long, covered with from 16 to 20 linear-subulate bracts 3 lines long, the last 5 alternate with the sepals, all clothed with velvety tomentum, and terminated by a single flower, 2-2} in. long; sepals linear-subulate, pubescent, 4-5 lines long, each with an internal basal tridentate scale; corolla white, with a cylindrical tube constricted below the middle, with a border ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA. 117 of 5 expanded obliquely ovate segments, somewhat shorter than the tube, glabrous; disk of 5 erect lobes as long as the 2 ovaries; 2 straight erect follicles, 10 in. long, 3¢ lines broad ; seeds scarcely observed. These characters are quite analogous to those of Hlytropus ptarmica, differing in an inflorescence of 8 instead of 2 pedicellate flowers. ERIADENIA *. A peculiar genus, founded upon an erect shrub with opposite leaves, marked by immersed closely parallel nerves, as in Neriwm and Hancornia. In habit and inflores- cence it resembles Rhodocalyx, having rufescent sepals with parallel nerves, a long tubular corolla, its segments similarly contorse, sagittate anthers, a disk of 5 free fleshy lobes, a style with a similar clavuncle, follicles of the same shape and size; but it differs in many essential particulars, especially in the want of an, apical coma in the seeds. Errapeni, nob. Sepala 5, ovata, parallele nervosa, extus pilosa, singula squama lata ciliata 2-3-lacinu- lata intus munita. Corolla hypocrateriformis, tubo anguste cylindrico, longo, recto, utrinque glabro, intus paullo infra faucem glandulis 5 breviter oblongis donato, limbi segmentis 5, glan- dulis alternis, inequilateris, trapezoideo-linearibus, tubo zquilongis, intus horizontaliter plicatis et dextrorsum convolutis. Stamina 5, paullissime supra basin tubi inserta, subsessilia; anthere lineares, sagittate, apice longe cuspidate, imo tenuiter parallele 2-furcate, medio extus puberule, intus anguste 2-loculares. Discus 5-lobus, lobis liberis, erectis, ovatis, extus brevissime pilosis, margine crebre ciliatis. Ovaria 2, ovata, disco equilonga, puberula. Stydus brevissimus, subvalidus, striatus, 2-sulcatus, apice clavuncula conica 10-sulcata imo 5-dentatim expansa incrassato; stig- mata 2, acute linearia, foliacea, erecta. Folliculi 2, tereti-cylindrici, subcurvati, subtorulosi ; semina pauca, compressissima, lineari-oblonga, apice rostrata, subimbricata, Ailo parvo centrali peltatim affixa, pilis rufulis rigidis densissime patentim villosa. Frutex Peruvianus ; folia opposita, ovata, patentissime et parallele nervosa, petiolata ; inflorescentia extraaxillaris, racemosa; pedicelli alterni, bracteolati; flores majusculi, rubri. EriaDENIA oBovaTa, nob.: ramulis subfistulosis, erectis, angulato-sulcatis, epidermide tenui laxa striata : foliis oppositis, cuneato-obovatis, apice rotundatis, et in acumen mucroniforme obtusum repente constrictis, coriaceis, marginibus integris revolutis, supra profunde viridibus, subnitentibus, nervis patentissimis crebre parallelis utrinque omnino immersis, costa sulcata, subtus flavide opacis, costa prominente; petiolo canalicnlato, quam limbus 8plo breviore: racemo laterali; pedunculo foliis dimidio breviore; pedicellis circa 8, alternis, imo bracteolatis, calyce 2plo longioribus ; sepalis brevibus, obtuse oblongis, extus puberulis, marginibus glabris et membranaceis ; corolla hypocrateri- formi; tubo longe cylindrico; segmentis 5, imo trapezoideis, medio mucronatis, dein lineari- expansis, tubo subquilongis, rubris: cat. ut in char. generico. In Peruvia alta: v. s. in herb. meo et alior. Tarapota (Spruce 4303). Its straight branchlets have axils 1 in. apart; the leaves are 23-3 in. long, 13-19 in. broad, on rather slender petioles 4 lines long, united transversely by a line on each side; the peduncle is about 12 in. long, bearing about 8 or 10 alternate flowers on pedicels 5 lines long, each with an acute ovate bract two thirds of its length; the sepals are 2 lines long; the tube of the corolla 12 lines long, 14 line broad; segments 11 lines * Ab dp. (lana), ddjy (glandula), from its hairy disk. 118 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. long, 8 lines broad at the base, 1 line broad beyond the middle; the glands in the throat are 4 line long; the stamens, 4 lines long, are seated 1 line above the base of the tube; the lobes of the disk and ovaries are 14 line long, the style and stigmata 2 lines long; the follicles are 4 in. long, the pericarp subcoriaceous, pale within, with many parallel nerves, impressed where the seeds make it somewhat torulose; the seeds are linear-oblong, rostrate, 7 lines long, densely covered on both sides by reddish long hairs spreading in all directions, but without any apical coma. A drawing of this species (with an analysis of its flower, fruit and seeds) is given in Plate XIV. B. RHABDADENIA. A very peculiar genus, established by Dr. Miller in 1860, upon two Brazilian plants, one collected by Pohl on the coasts of S. Brazil, the other the Hchites biflora of Jacquin, which he confounded with Echites paludosa, a distinct species, well described and figured by Vahl. Dr. Grisebach regarded Rhabdadenia as identical with Laubertia A. DC., a very distinct genus. The generic character is detailed in Prof. Miller’s monograph, and the typical species well analyzed in his plate 52. Its most peculiar character lies in the structure of the seed, which has no coma properly speaking, as in the Echitee; but the apex of the testa is prolonged into a slender tubular rostrum two- thirds of its length, and is further lengthened by long setaceous erecto-divergent fine hairs, which spring from this rostrum everywhere, from the base to the apex, as in a feather. This brings the genus near Robdia, which, though furnished with a brush of long silky hairs issuing from below the apex, has no such rostrum. Other very distinctive characters reside in the habit of the plants, and in the very peculiar kind of inflorescence. The branches are erect, and subscandent, sometimes spirally twining; the opposite leaves somewhat distant, not very large, often cordate at the base, upon shortish petioles; the lateral axillary inflorescence has a long slender peduncle, bearing on its apex 2 shortish pedicels, each supporting a single handsome flower; sometimes this peduncle is 2-fid, each branch bearing 2 similar pedicellate flowers; and rarely one of the pedicels falls off, leaving a 3-flowered panicle; rarely the common peduncle has 2 or more short branches, each bearing geminate pedicellate flowers: in all cases these branches or pedicels have no bracts, or, seldom, a few rudiments of them*. The sepals are small, lanceolate or oblong, bearing within, at the base of each, 2 or 8 acute scales. The corolla is contracted at the base to a narrow cylir- drical tube, above which it is much more broadly cylindrical or funnel-shaped, with a border of ovate dolabriform segments, simply convolute dextrorsely in eestivatior ; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube, upon short filaments pilose behind; the corneous connectives of the anthers are shortly 2-lobed at the base, with a long pointed apex, and pilose behind; disk of 5 erect, oblong, fleshy, free lobes, rounded or emar- ginate at the apex, very shortly connate at the base; 2 free ovaries about their length ;. * Dr. Miller, in obscure terms, describes this peculiar kind of inflorescence, “ sub-umbellato-contracta, oligantha, vel laxius bostrycina.” ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA, 119 style shortly bifid at the base, very slender above; clavuncle oblong, cylindrical, incras- sated, 5-grooved and nectariferous, somewhat fimbriated at its apex, having at its base a broad umbraculiform appendage; stigma of 2 short oval lobes at the apex; 2 follicles, straight, terete, suberect or horizontally divaricate, dehiscing along each ventral suture, which is inwardly inflected along the margins, forming 2 linear coriaceous placente ; seeds numerous, fusiformly linear, compressed, with a small central hilum upon one face, and having at the apex the long, peculiar, brush-shaped rostrum, as before described ; the embryo imbedded in waxy albumen, is teretely cylindrical, with 2 cotyle- dons many times shorter than the superior radicle, and nearly of the same thickness. The following appears to me a correct list of the euae species, after the rejection of some others enumerated by authors. 1. Ruappavenia Ponti, Mill. Fl. Bras. ¢. c. p. 174, tab. 52. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro: v. v. e¢ sicc. in herb. meo (n. 8487 et 4024). Magé: v. s. in hb. Mus. Brit. Magé (Gardner 536). I have not seen its fruit, which is well depicted by Miiller. A low shrub, with slender twining branches, with opposite, spreading, acutely lanceolate leaves, narrowly cordate at the base, 23? in. long, 7 lines broad, on a slender petiole 8 lines long; inflorescence lateral at each axil, on a very slender peduncle 3 in. long, bearing 2 slender pedicels 3 lines long, 2-bracteolate at their base, each sup- porting a single purple flower; sepals acutely linear, 34 lines long, each with 3 acute distinct scales subconnate at the base (not deficient according to Miiller); the con- tracted portion of the tube of the corolla is 5 lines long, 1 line broad, suddenly swelling into an almost cylindrical form, 14 in. long, 6 lines in diameter; segments dolabriform, 9 lines long and broad, mucronate at the apex, simply convolute dextrorsely in eesti- vation; stamens inserted in the contracted portion of the tube; anthers broadly bifid and acute at the base; disk of 5 erect, free, obtuse, oblong lobes, somewhat shorter than the 2 free ovaries; style slender, expanded at the apex into a thick, 5-grooved, 5-glandular clavuncle, furnished at its base with a broad membranaceous umbraculiform appendage : the 2 terete divergent follicles, as figured by Miller, are 33? in. long, 2 lines thick; seeds 9 lines long, with the addition of a brush-like rostrum of twice that length. 2. RHABDADENIA PALUDOSA, nob.: Echites paludosa, Vahl (non H. B. K., nec Don, nec Griseb.), Eclog. ii. p. 19, Icon. tab. 5; A. DC. 1. c. p. 467. In Brasilia septentrionali (Van Rohr) : v. s. in herd. meo, et Mus. Brit. Maranhio (Gardner 6060). ‘ Van Rohr collected plants in all the provinces of Guiana, including that of Brazil; and Maranhio may be said to be within the same floral region. Gardner’s specimen well accords, in every respect, with the good description and drawing of Vahl, taken from Van Rohr’s plant, and is unquestionably a Rhabdadenia. I have alluded to Grise- bach’s plant under the name of Echites paludosa Vahl, when describing Rhabdadenia nervosa. Miller wrongly refers Gardner’s plant to Rhabdadenia biflora, certainly a very different species. This is a small shrub, with erect, slender, virgate, striate branches, whose dilated axils are 1}-2 in. apart; the opposite leaves are erect, lanceolate-oblong, acute at the 120 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEA., base, sharply mucronulate, opake, rubescent or cinnamon-coloured above, paler beneath, with subimmersed midrib and nerves, 2-8 in. long, 4-9 lines broad, on slender petioles 8 lines long; the peduncle of the axillary inflorescence is simple, erect, 2 in. long, or longer, bearing 2 suberect pedicels 5-8 lines long; sepals acute, 1 line long; corolla altogether 13 in. long, the contracted portion of the tube 6 lines long, at which height the stamens are inserted, the upper portion of the tube is of the same length, funnel-shaped, and 5 lines broad in the mouth; the segments dolabriform, mucronate at the apex, 9 lines long, 4 lines broad, with dextrorse convolution; stamens inserted in the constriction of the tube on a pilose ring; anthers cohering, 2 lines long, obtusely bifid at the base; disk of 5 fleshy, obtuse, erect lobes scarcely conjoined at the base, as long as the 2 free ovaries ; follicles 2, suberect, supported by the persistent calyx, terete, 24 in. long, 13 line thick; seeds slender, fusiform, striolate, 4 line broad in the middle, 13-15 lines long, independently of their apical rostrum, which is 12 lines long, and is furnished from the bottom to the top with long, penniform, crowded, silky hairs, without any apical coma. A drawing of this species, exhibiting the peculiar structure of the seed, is given in Plate XV. a. 3. RwaspapENIA LAXIFLoRA, nob.: Echites suberecta, Grisebach (non Jacq. nec Sw.) in parte, Pl. Cub. Wr. p. 520; Cat. Pl. Cub. p. 171, n. 43; Revis. Cat. Pl. Cub. n. 1890. In Antillis: v. s. in herbd.. Mus. Brit. Cuba (C. Wright 400, sub Echites suberecta, Jacq.). A plant unquestionably belonging to Rhabdadenia, and generically distinct from either of the species described by Jacquin and Swartz. Its branches are somewhat slender, branching, terete, pubescent, with axils 3-1 in. apart; opposite leaves oblong-ovate, obtusely roundish at the base, rounded and frequently mucronulate by the shortly ex- current nerve, entire, chartaceous, darkish green of a rufescent hue above, opake, obso- letely puberulous, sulcate along the midrib, with 5 pairs of divergent, arching, semi- immersed nerves, with others shorter and intermediate, and finely reticulated veins, whitish yellow beneath, opake, subvelutinous, with reddish costa, nerves, and fine reticulations, 13-2 in. long, {1 in. broad, on channelled pubescent petioles 14 line long; racemes axillary, solitary at the nodes, about 5 in. long, on an erect peduncle, bare at its base for 24 in., bearing upwards about 5 alternate flowers, on pubescent stoutish pedicels 6 lines long, at intervals of 6 lines, supported by lanceolate bracteoles 14 line long; sepals lanceolate-acuminate, erect, membranaceous, puberulous, reddish, 4 lines long, ? line broad at the base, with 3 short acute inner scales; corolla hand- some, of a reddish hue; tube 17 in. long, narrowed at the base for 5 lines, broadly eylindrical above and 4 lines broad, slightly pubescent outside, glabrous within; seg- ments dolabriform, 9 lines long, 6 lines broad, dextrorsely convolute; stamens seated in the contraction of the tube; filaments membranaceous, glabrous, 1 line long; anthers % lines long, acuminate, with 2 acute, incurved, subparallel basal prongs; disk of 5 fleshy, obiong, truncated lobes, concealing the 2 ovaries; style slender, 4 lines long; clavuncle incrassate, with a basal peltate membrane; stigmata very short; 2 follicles, suberect, subincurved, terete, smooth, 5-6 in. long; seeds linear, 4 lines long, continued by a very slender rostrum 34 lines long, which is plumosely covered by fine silky hans 3-6 lines long. ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ.: 121 4, Ruaspapenia Birtora, Miill. Fl. Bras. ¢. c. p. 175: Echites biflora, Jacq. Amer. p. 30, tab. 21; A. DC. Prodr, viii. p. 450; Griseb. Fl, Br. W. Ind. p. 415: Echites Ehrenbergii, Schlect. Linn. xxvi. 666: Rhabdadenia Ehrenbergii, Mill. Linn. xxx. 454, In America tropicali: v. s. in. hb. Mus. Brit. ins. Carib, (Jacquin, typ.) ; Cayenne (Sagot 387) ; Manglares de Sisal (Schott 812) ; Jamaica (Dr. Wright). A shrub, yielding a lactescent juice, with scandent, slender, fistulous branches, often climbing to a height of 20 feet; branches with. axils 2-8 in. apart; leaves very patent, obovate, acute at the base, rounded and mucronate at the apex, 2-3 in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on petioles 4-6 lines long; the peduncle of the axillary inflorescence is 6 lines long, bearing 2 apical pedicels 6 lines long, supported by acute bracteoles ; sepals sub- equal, oval, 3 lines long, 2 lines broad, fapked by parallel nerves and reticulated veins ; the contracted portion of the tube of the corolla is 8 lines long, above it is funnel- shaped and 8 lines long, 6 lines broad in the mouth; segments dolabriform, 9 lines long, 7 lines broad, with simple dextrorse convolution ; stamens seated on a pilose ring in the mouth of the contracted portion of the tube; filaments short, partially adnate ; anthers obtusely bifid at the base, acute and pilose at the apex; disk of 5 erect ovate lobes, scarcely connate at the base, as long as the 2 free ovaries; style slender; clavuncle ovate, 5- oe 5-glandular, expanded at its base into a membranaceous umbraculiform appendage ; 2 stigmata, small, terminal; 2 follicles, terete, suberect, 33 in. long, 2 lines thick, subcohering at the summit ; seeds linear, terminated at the apex by a long brush- shaped caudal rostrum, as in Rh. Pohlii. 5. RuaBDADENIA CAMPESTRIS, nob.: Echites campestris, Vell. Flor. Flum. p. 113, Icon. iii. tab. 43 3 A. DC. Prodr. viii. 475 : Amblyanthera campestris, Mill. 1. c. p. 149. Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro (Velloz, in apricis) : non vidi. This is a subscandent species, with stoutish branches, and axils 2 in. apart; leaves elliptic, gradually acute towards the summit, narrower below the middle, rounded or obsoletely cordate at the base, hirsute above, pubescent beneath, 4-5 in. long, 2-22 in. broad, on petioles 3 lines long; the inflorescence is terminal at the end of very young branchlets, consisting of a stoutish pubescent peduncle 4 lines long, bearing a single sessile orange-coloured flower; the sepals are lanceolate, pubescent, 6 lines long; the funnel-shaped tube of the corolla is contracted cylindrically at the base to a diameter of 3 lines, swelling upwards to the mouth, which is 6 lines broad, and is 1} in. long, pubescent outside; segments obliquely rounded, 11 lines long and broad, aemOrely convolute; the 5 lobes of the disk are free, nearly as long as the ovaries. 6. RHABpaDENIA MapiDA, nob.: Echites madida, Vell. Fl. Flum. 112, Icon. iii. tab. 42; A, DC. 7. ¢. p. 474: Amblyanthera madida, Mill. 1. c. p. 150. In Brasilia, prov. Rio de Janeiro australiore in via Pacienca ad San Paulo tendens (Velloz, in sylvis madidis) : non vidi. A species, without doubt, belonging to this genus, and near &. Pohlii, differing in its broader leaves and solitary flower. In the latter species the basal lobes of the leaves overlap one another, hiding the sinus; in this species these lobes are rounder and broadly gaping. It is a climbing glabrous plant, with slender twining branches, having its axils about 3 in. apart; the leaves are oblong, broadly cordate at the hase, and terminate R 122 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEZ. in a shortish obtuse acumen; they have about 12 pairs of divergent nerves, are 3-3? in. long, 1-14 in. broad, on spreading slender petioles 3-4 lines long; the inflorescence con- sists of a single flower, solitary in each axil, on a slender erect peduncle 2 in. long, with a terminal pedicel 3 lines long, supported by a linear bracteole 24 lines long; sepals acute, 3 lines long; corolla of a purplish red colour, glabrous; tube 13 in. long, cylindrically narrowed at its base for 8 lines, funnel-shaped above, 7 lines broad in the mouth; segments obtusely dolabriform, 6 lines long and broad, dextrorsely convolute ; stamens included and inserted in the constriction of the tube; anthers cohering in a cone: the rest as in R. Pohlii. 7. RuaBDaDENIA NERVOSA, nob.: Apocynum nervosum, Miller, Dict. (1768) n. 9: Echites (Laubertia) paludosa, Griseb. (non Vahl) in Flor. Brit. W. Ind. p. 415. In Antillis et America tropicali, sec. Griseb. in Cat. Pl. Cub. C. Wright, 33 (Wright 2954); in Revis. ejusd. Cat. 1885 (C. Wright 2954): v. s. in herb. Mus. Brit. Carthagena (specimi. typ. ex herb. Miller). This is evidently the same species, with oval mucronulate leaves, described by Grise- bach as the “ Echites paludosa, Vahl,” a blunder scarcely exceeded by any of the several errors of the former author in his enumeration of the apocyneous plants of the Antilles. It is difficult to understand how so glaring a mistake could have been made; for Vahl’s excellent description and drawing are so precise, that no botanist ought to have erred on the subject. ‘ Apparently an erect shrub, with subscandent branches, the axils being 14-2 in. apart; the opposite leaves are ovate-oblong, obtuse (often oblique) at the base, broadly rounded at the summit, frequently emarginated, always suddenly mucronulate, thinly chartaceous, with scarcely revolute margins, very opake above, subferruginous, sulcated along the midrib, with very slender immersed nerves, opake and darkly ochraceous beneath, with’ blackish nerves scarcely prominulent, 13-34 in. long, 3-12 in. broad, on | slender, straight, channelled petioles 4-9 lines long; raceme terminal, on a peduncle 3-4 in. long, bearing about 5 alternate flowers on slender pedicels 4-6 lines long, each with a slender linear basal bracteole; sepals linear-oblong, with parallel nerves, 2-24 lines long, 4 line broad; a handsome yellow corolla; tube 12 in. long, narrowed cylindri- cally at its base for 9 lines, funnel-shaped above; segments dolabriform, 9 lines long : the rest as in 2. Pohlii. 8. RaaBpaDENIA corpatTa, nob.: Apocynum cordatum, Miller, Dict. (1768) n. 10; Houston, Icon. n. 8, pl. 44. fig. 5, 10 et 11; A. DC. Zc. p. 440: Periploca scandens, Miller, Dict. n. 10. Vera Cruz: v. 8. im herb. Mus. Brit. (specim. in hort. Milleri cult. ex pl. ab Houstonio introducta) in fructu. The above specimen undoubtedly belongs to Rhabdadenia. The slender subscandent pale brown branch has its axils 2} in. apart; the leaves are oblong, roundish and obso- letely cordate at the base, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, entire, with sub- revolute margins, dark green above, with immersed nerves, yellowish opake beneath, with scarcely prominulent nerves, 23 in. long, 1 in. broad, on slender petioles 4 lines long ; inflorescence axillary, with a terete peduncle half as long as the leaves, bearing ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACE. 123 ‘2 flowers on pedicels one third of its length; flowers large, yellow; sepals small, acute ; tube of corolla narrowly cylindrical below for one third of its length, suddenly cam- panulate above; segments half as long as the tube, expanded, inequilaterally oblong ; fructiferous peduncle 6 lines long, the pedicels 8 lines long; the persistent sepals 1} line long; 2 terete follicles acute at both ends, very divaricate, subreflected, 43 in. long, 3 lines broad in the middle; seeds like those of R. Pohlii. 9. RuaspapEnta MAcRostoma, Miill. Linn. xxx. 435: Echites macrostoma, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 248; A. DC. Prodr. viii. 453. In-Guiana Brit. et Surinam (Schomb. 329 and 556) : non vidi. A scandent plant with oval mucronulate leaves, obsoletely pubescent above, rufes- cently tomentellous beneath, 13-34 in. long, 10-18 lines broad, on petioles 2-3 lines long; peduncle of the axillary inflorescence longer than the leaves, often bearing 2 flowers on pedicels 2-3 lines long; sepals linear-subulate, 14 line long, reflexed; corolla rose-coloured ; contracted portion of tube 6 lines long, inflated portion 20 lines long, 8 lines’ broad, subcylindrical; segments broad ; stamens inserted in a pilose ring at the sudden contraction of the tube; disk of 5 free, erect lobes, as long as the 2 ovaries; follicles terete, 4 in. long. Miller states that the sepals have no inner basal scales. . 10. RuaspapEnra BaRrBata, nob.: Echites barbata, Desv. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. p. 416 ; A. DC. J. ¢. p. 453: Urechites barbata, Mill. Linn. xxx. 447: Echites (Urechites) barbata, Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. p. 416. In Antillis: non vidi. A species seen alone by Desvaux, and known to us only by his imperfect description. De Candolle did not see it; and the determinations of Miller and Grisebach are mere guesses, founded on a chance observation in the ‘ Prodromus.’ From Desvaux’s account the characters of the inflorescence and the form of the corolla are certainly more in accord with those of Rhabdadenia than of Urechites. It is an erect shrub, with pubes- cent branches; the leaves are obovate, submucronate, glabrous, with distant oblique nerves ; panicle on a long peduncle supporting few flowers; sepals subulate, pilose ; tube of corolla barbately pilose, narrow below for the length of the calyx, thence swelling upwards. 11. RuaspapEnia ? Luctpa, nob.: Echites lucida, R. & Sch. Syst. iv. 796; A. DC. 1. ¢. p. 475: Odonta- ‘denia lucida, Miill. 7. c. p. 120 in adnot, et in Linn. xxx. p. 4538. In Orinoco: non vidi. Apparently a scandent plant from Willdenow’s herbarium ; leaves elliptic-oblong, sub- cordate at the base, obtuse at the summit, lucid above; inflorescence a solitary flower, on an elongated pedicel, as in the Hehites madida, Vell. Icon. iii. tab. 42, and as sometimes occurs in RB. Pohlii. Species excluded :— R. Sagrei, Mill. Linn. xxx. 485, 447; Eechites Sagrei, A.DC.1.¢.p.456. . 1 . . . .= Angadenia Sagrei. R2 124 ON SOUTH-AMERICAN APOCYNACEAE, R. Cubensis, Mull. 1. c. p. 485 (Linden 1716) . . = Angadenia Havanensis. R. Lindeniana, Mill. 1. ¢. p. 487 (Linden 1700- 1823) - .. . . . Angadenia Lindeniana, R. Wrightiana, Mull. L C. 7 “438 (0. Wright 399)