hi Huet pe H Fi Gu Srae te eetenea tena ae Co re i oe brits thst ches ere Bah ae es Do Gui ate ea tani ie i ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY WU i Cc QK 589.L5 HIN) THE LICHEN-FLORA GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND THE CHANNEL ISLANDS. OSWESTRY: PRINTED BY WOODALL AND VENABLES, CAXTON WORKS. THE LICHEN-FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND THE CHANNEL ISLANDS. BY THE REV. W. A. LEIGHTON, B.A., OF ST. JOHN’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, FELLOW OF LINNAAN SOCIETY OF LONDON, FELLOW OF THE BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF NAT URAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF CHERBOURG, ETC., ETC. THIRD EDITION. SHREWSBURY: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 1879. All rights reserved. a “Think of the beauty which God has spread abroad for our use ; its profuseness in desert spots where none can see it; its minuteness, so that much can only be discovered by a microscope; and its extent, embracing all things.” —Sewell. “Meek creatures! the first mercy of the earth, veiling with hushed softness its dentless rocks; creatures full of pity covering with strange and tender honour the sacred disgrace of ruin, laying quiet fingers on the trembling stones to teach them rest, No words that I know of will say what these Mosses and Lichens are; none are delicate enough, none perfect enough, none rich enough. They will not be gathered like the flowers, for chaplet or love-token; but of these the wild bird will make its nest, and the wearied child its pillow, and as the earth’s first mercy so they are its last gift to us. When all other service is vain from plant and tree, the soft Mosses and grey Lichens take up their watch by the headstone, The woods, the blossoms, the gift-bearing grasses have done their parts for a time, but these do service for ever. ‘Trees for the builder’s yard, Mowers for the bride’s chamber, corn for the granary, Mosses and Lichens for the grave.”— Ruskin. ‘* All organic life commences with excessively minute structures, which are continually reproduced in inconceivable numbers. On land the Lichens first appear on rocks, and the bark of trees, covering them with coloured spots and bands.—Heer. Seeds, to our eye invisible, will find On the rude rock the bed that fits their kind; There, in the rugged soil they safely dwell, Till showers and snows the subtle atoms swell, And spread th’ enduring foliage ; then we trace The freckled flower upon the flinty base ; These all increane, till in unnoticed years The stony tower as grey with age appears.—Crabbe. TO CHARLES LARBALESTIER, Esq, B.A., St. John’s College, Cambridge, OF -ROCHE VUE, ST. AUBIN’S, JERSEY. To no one can I more appropriately dedicate this Third Edition of my Lichen-Flora than to you, whose marvellous researches in the West of Ireland and elsewhere, conducted with consummate scientific skill, zeal, and perseverance, have added so largely to our knowledge, and whose unvarying kindness and friendship in communicating authentic specimens of novelties have rendered me service in the preparation of this work altogether inappreciable. Believe me, gratefully, to remain, Ever sincerely and affectionately yours, W. A. LEIGHTON. Luciefelde, Shrewsbury, March 25th, 1879. INTRODUCTION. The Lichenes are a Natural Order of aerial cellular plants in- termediate between the Algee and Fungi, approaching the former principally, but not exclusively, through the Collemacei—and the Ascomycetes of the latter, by having the spores in‘asci or thecz and their hymenium often included in a closed receptacle or peri- thecium. Their own peculiar characteristic is that they have gonidia or minute spherical cellules containing chlorophyll or some green granular matter, generated by the action of light, immediately underneath the cortical layer of the thallus. They may be found everywhere, clothing rocks, trees, old pal- “ings, stones, and earth, and giving to these localities those beautiful patches of colour which the artist delights to touch in, and which give such brilliance and finish to his landscape sketches. The living strains which Nature’s hand alone, Profuse of life, pours forth upon the stone, For ever growing ; where the common eye Can but the bare and rocky bed descry.—Crabbe. Nevertheless, Lichens are not indifferent to either their sub- stratum or locality ; some prefer the harder rocks, as granite, micaceous-schist, gneiss, quartz, or sandstone, others calcareous rocks, others the bark of trees and old partially decayed or decay- ing wood, others the earth, whether calcareous, siliceous, or prc- duced fromthe decay of vegetable matter ; others grow on decayed mosses or jungermaunie, others on the leaves of evergreens, others again on various substances, as iron, bone, leather, flints, and glass; others again, reduced to apothecia alone, become parasitical on the thalli or apothecia of other Lichens, and others affect both rocks and trees indifferently. Certain Lichens are peculiar to mountains, others to subalpine regions, others to plains, others to moist places, others to shady places, some like the neighbourhood of water, or even contact with water, others are constantly or partially submerged either in the rocky beds of rivers or on the sea shore, and others again on the under-surface of stones in stone walls or in caves, or on the under- surface of overhanging masses of rock, They obtain no nutrition by absorption through the prehensile rhizine or the hypothallus by which they are attached to the sub- strata or surfaces on which they grow, All their nutrition is derived from the atmosphere, the water or humidity of which act- ing chemically on the elements of the different surfaces to which viii they are attached, supplies to them in the state of very complex solutions the substances necessary to their existence. heir growth is, therefore, necesssarily slow and intermittent, depending on the dryness or humidity of the atmosphere, on dry or rainy seasons. In the earliest stage of their existence their growth is very rapid under favourable conditions, but when they have at- tained to a certain size, growth would seem to be arrested and becomes slow, Their duration of life, especially in the fecundity of the reproductive organs, is remarkable and excessive, probably extending to many centuries. They will not grow in a flourishing or perfect condition in the immediate neighbourhood of towns, or where the air is impregnated with smoke, soot, or other deleterious ingredients. In such situations they exist only in a gonidial or rudimentary state, appearing on the trees, walls, é&c., as green dust, in which state they will continue for ages, increasing by bisection like the Algz, but never developing into perfect lichens. The pseudo-genus Lepraria of the elder botanists represented this condition. Their abundance in a fully developed and fructiferous condition is a sure and certain indication of the purity of the air and salubrity of the climate. A lichen consists of a thallus or vegetative portion, bearing the fructification in the apothecium or female fruit, and the spermo- gonium or supposed male fruit. There are also other bodies, occasionally found on the thallus, termed pycnides, which some consider as a kind of secondary fruit, and others as fungilli, The thallus is very variable in form, size, colour, and consistence, and is either horizontal and membranaceous or foliaceous, or pendulous and filamentose, or occurring in small erect shrublike clusters, or else forming a more or less thick crumbly or powdery crust, investing the surface of rocks and trees, and becoming lobed in various modes in the circumference. If, then, we makea vertical section through a membranaceous thallus, it will be seen to con- sist generally of a cortical layer on the upper surface formed of minute, closely compacted cellules, immediately underneath which is the gonidial layer consisting of bright-green spherical cells arranged in an interrupted manner, immediately above the medullary layer which consists of interlacing tubular and articulate colourless filaments. The lower surface is either naked, or has a cortical layer similar to the upper one, and also rhizine or rootlike filaments which attach it to the surface upon which it grows, If again we make a similar vertical section through a crustaceous thallus, it will exhibit a cortical layer on the upper surface with a gonidial layer immediately underneath,!and then the medullary layer, which instead of consisting of filaments has become dead, and transformed into a tartareous mass of abundant molecular granula- tions, often of oxalate of lime. Underneath the entire [chen is the hypothallus, generally of a black or dark-brown colour, formed of filaments or compacted cells, and which in fact is the primordial ix vegetation arising from the germination of the spores, and upon which the several other layers of the thallus are gradually and eventually deposited. This hypothallus is often only perceptible in a dark border around the thallus. The thallus is conspicuous enough in the forms above mentioned, but is often hypophleodal or concealed beneath the epidermis of the bark on which it grows, or evanescent, existing only in scattered portions on or under the friable face of the rocks, or in other cases altogether wanting when the apothecia grow parasitically on the thallus, or apothecia of other lichens. The gonidia are produced in cells of very young thalli and even in older thalli and are of two sorts—either a simple cell contain- ing granular matter termed a gonidium, or clusters of two, three or more spherical granules without any proper cellular membrane, containing green granular matter and named granula gonima. These gonidia, together with the molecular granulations, and fila- ments of the medullary layer, are often protruded through the cortical layer to the surfice of the thallus in powdery or granular eruptions of a globular shape termed soredia. The apothecitum of whatever form, whether patellulate, lirellate, or enclosed in wartlike perithecia or nuclei, has a similar internal structure, and when viewed in a vertical section is seen to consist of an excipulum, dark or pale, formed of cells generally compact, subtending the hypothectum, of similar structure, and either dark or colourless, from whose upper surface in an erect position grow the asc: or thece and the paraphyses constituting the hymenium or thalamiwm, and are conglutinated by a jellylike mucus termed the gelatina hymenea, The paraphyses are slender filaments having minute globular or clavate apices filled with coloured granular matter, which, by their close proximity, consti- tute the disk or epitheciwm, and to which they give their peculiar colour. Around this disk or epithecium is a margin formed by the edges of the excipulum or hypothecium and of the same colour, or else formed by the thallus, and partaking of its peculiar colour, The former is termed a proper margin, the latter a thallone margin, The asci or thece are linear, clavate, or globular sacs or vesicles containing the spores, which in different species are variable in form, size, and colour, either brown or colourless, simple or divided by septa or otherwise into several cells, and in number generally 8, but sometimes 1, 2, 4, 6, or innumerable. The spores contain either granules or oily nuclei, and have an outer and inner paries or wall termed respectively epispore and endospore. The spermogonia are minute globular conceptacles imbedded in the thallus, distinguishable on its surface as minute tubercles, and in section exhibiting a colourless receptacle from which arise minute filaments either simple (sterigmata), or articulate (arthrosterigmata ), bearing on their summits or joints very minute rodlike or cylindrical straight or curved bodies (spermatia), which the slightest pressure detaches and protrudes in a cloudy stream through a pore in the apex of the spermogonium. The pycnides are minute dark-coloured conceptacles, like the perithecia of Spheriz, sessile on the thallus and containing simple filaments (basidia) bearing singly on their apices, bodies, often oblong, but variable in form and size (stylospores ), On the under-surface of the thallus of the Stictet are minute urceolate pale excavations termed cyphelle, whose function is unknown, These are generally empty, but when filled with white or citrine powder are called psewdocyphelle. The thallus of several genera bears on its upper surface orbicular and flattened, or globular tubercles named cephalodia, consisting internally of cells or granula gonima. Their use is unknown. This upper-surface is also frequently found exuberant with minute, erect, coral-like excrescences with dark-coloured apices, and then constitutes the old pseudo-genus Isidiwm, which is now known to be really an anomalous state of the thallus of some Pertusaria. Black powdery patches or spots are scattered on the thallus not unfrequently, which formerly constituted the old pseudo-genus Spiloma, but are now considered to consist of minute parasitical fungilli. In the genus Pertusaria the apothecia become abortive and sterile and converted into soredia, on which state was anciently founded a pseudo-genus Variolaria. The apothecia of certain lichens possess the power of dissolving the surface of the calcareous rocks on which they grow, by means of carbonic acid obtained from the atmosphere, thus forming minute shallow cavities or foveoli, in which they partially bury themselves. Of the uses to which Lichens may be applied it may suffice to state generally that the ‘‘ Iceland Moss,” Cetraria islandica, con- tains starch and a bitter principle, and is used as a tonic and demulcent in medicine, and in Iceland boiled in milk as food. Ceraria nivalis is also nutritious. occella tinctoria, Lecanora parella, Lecanora tartarea, Parmelia saxatilis, P. conspersa, &c., afford valuable dyes. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Russia, alcohol or brandy is distilled from Cladina rangiferina, which lichen and other Cladonie are algo invaluable in the northern and -arctic regions as the food of Reindeer and cows. And in Africa the curious Lecanora esculenta which rolls, in a detached state, over the sandy plains, is collected as food for men and horses. The geographical distribution of Lichens over the world varies according to the different zones, and may be stated generally thus :—In the Arctic regions the Cladonice and Stereocaula occur in immense abundance, covering tracts of country, many square miles in extent, to the almost exclusion of other vegetation, but diminish in profusion gradually as the warmer regions are approached. In the Temperate zone the corticolar Lichens, such as Lecanorei, Lecidet, Graphidece, and Verrucarei abound, In the Trop- ical zone Lichens attain their maximum development in the Sticte, and Parmelie; theleaves of evergreen trees are covered with Strigule; xl and the bark with the genera Thelotrema, Verrucaria, Trypethelium, Chiodecton, Graphis, &o. The Graphidece which abound in this and the temperate zone diminish in number and profusion as the arctic zone is approached. Certain species, especially the saxicolar ones, are cosmopolitan, -Our British Lichen-Flora may be taken as a fair representative of the lichens of the Temperate Zone. If we particularise the several Tribes their distribution may be shewn more clearly, thus :— Byssace1 ; entirely in Temperate zone, Licuiner; Temperate. Cottemzt ; Temperate, very few Tropical, Mynianaiet; Temperate, Arctic and Tropical. Cauicrel ; Temperate, few Tropical. SPHEROPHORE! ; Temperate, very few Tropical. Bzomycrt; Temperate and Tropical. Cuaponrel ; Arctic, Temperate, decreasing towards Tropics. STEREOCAULEI ; Temperate and Arctic, especially decreasing towards Tropics. RoccetiEr ; Temperate and Tropical. SrpHuLer; Temperate and Tropical. Usnzer ; Cosmopolitan. * Ramauiner; Cosmopolitan. Crrrarizl ; Arctic, Temperate, few in Tropics. PELTIGEREI ; Temperate, Arctic, few in Tropics. Parmeter ; Temperate, Arctic, decreasing in number in Tropics, but there attaining maximum development in the Stictei. GyrorHorel ; Arctic, Temperate, decreasing towards Tropics. Lecanorel ; chiefly Temperate, Arctic numerous, and Tropics. Lecipeinet; chiefly Temperate, numerous in Arctic and Tropical, GrapHipet ; chiefly Temperate, few Arctic, numerous Tropical, PEripiz1 ; Temperate. PyrenocarPsl : chiefly Temperate, Arctic many, Tropics com- paratively less numerous. Their variation in altitude is also very great, as may be readily observed in the ascent of lofty hills and mountains, the lichens of the plains occurring at the bases and lower altitudes, and the subalpine lichens making their appearances as one ascends upwards to the very summit. Nevertheless Cetraria Islandica and Cetraria aculeata occur plentifully, the latter in fructification, on North Wootton Heath, Norfolk, and in Lincolnshire only 200 feet above the level of the sea, probably brought there in a glacial cra and surviving on the retreat of the glacier, On the other hand Sir J. D. Hooker observed Placodiwm miniatum with Physcia flavicans on the Himalayan mountains, on the very summit of Bhomtso, alt. 18,590 feet. The former Placodium miniatum is the most Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine lichen in the world, colouring the rocks of an orange-red, as at Bhomptso, and on Cockburn Island in the Antarctic Ocean. Thamnolia vermicularis, xii Placodium miniatum, Placodium elegans, Lecanora oreina, Lecanora chlorophana, Lecidea geographica, and Lecidea atroalba, all alpine European and Arctic species, occurred in the Donkia Pass, alt. 19,800 feet. At 17,000 feet alt. Parmelia physodes, Lecanora ventosa, Lecanora candelaria, Lecanora glaucoma, Lecanora atra and Squamaria chrysoleuca, all European species, were noted. At 18,300 feet alt. on one stone only, Gyrophora cylindrica, (trupe de roche.) At 22,000 feet alt. on Irgatzilhassa, Kianglah Moun- tains, Physcia flavicans was also found. With a view to shew the Geographical Distribution throughout Great Britain and Ireland a line of figures or numbers is added to each Species, corresponding with the Botanical Provinces of Mr. H.C Watson’s Cybele Britannica, and Moore and More’s Cybele Hibernica. By this means the student will see at a glance in what counties any particular species has been already gathered, and also what counties are still unexplored for it. BOT. PROV. 1.=Cornwall, Devon, Somerset. 2.= Wilts, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, Isle of Wight, 8.=Oxford, Bucks, Berks, Herts, Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent. 4.=Norfolk, Suffolk, Hunts, Northampton, Cambridge, Bed- ford, 5. = Stafford, Salop, Worcester, Warwick, Hereford, Monmouth, Gloucester. 6.=Cardigan, Radnor, Brecon, Glamorgan, Carmarthen, Pembroke. 7,= Anglesea, Carnarvon, Flint, Denbigh, Merioneth, Mont- gomery. 8.=Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, Rutland, Lincoln. 9. = Lancashire, Cheshire. 10. = York. 11.=Northumberland, Durham, 12.=Cumberland, Westmoreland, Isle of Man. 13,=Renfrew, Lanark, Ayr, Dumfries, Kircudbright, Wigton. 14.=Linlithgow, Haddington, Edinburgh, Berwick, Peebles, Selkirk, Roxburgh. 15.=Inverness, Elgin, Banff, Aberdeen, Kincardine, Forfar, Perth, Stirling, Fife. 16,=Skye, Rum, Coll, Tirrez, Mull, Colonsay, Jura, Islay, Argyle, Cantire, Bute, Arran. 17. =Caithness, Sutherland, Cromarty, Ross. 18.=Shetland Isles, Orkney Isles, Hebrides. 19.=Kerry, South Cork. 20. = North Cork, Waterford, South Tipperary, 21.=Kilkenny, Carlow, Queens. 22. = Wexford, Wicklow. 23.= Kildare, Dublin, Meath, Louth. 24.=Limerick, Clare, East Galway. xiii” BOT. PROV, 25. = North Tipperary, Kings, West Meath, Longford. 26. = West Galway, West Mayo. 27, = Kast Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, Roscommon. 28. = Fermanagh, Cavan, Monaghan, Tyrone, Armagh, 29. = Donegal. 30, = Down, Antrim, Derry. In collecting Lichens it is requisite to be furnished with a geological hammer and iron chisels of good temper, to detach thin pieces from the rocks, with the lichens growing thereon, and also with a strong, sharp olasp-knife, or strong oyster-knife, to cut or prize off lichens from the bark of trees or from old palings, &c., and a pocket lens. All that is necessary to preserve such speci- mens is immediately to fold them in soft paper, to prevent injury from rubbing against each other in carriage home. They require no drying or pressure, and are always in a condition proper for examination. Generally speaking, it will be advisable to collect specimens in dry weather. Rain is apt to swell up the parts of lichens so much as to render them rather difficult to be distin- guished from each other in their native localities, and specimens gathered in wet weather will not unfrequently be found destitute of spores, which by the lateral pressure on the asci occasioned by the swelling of the adjacent parts by the moisture have been ejected. The practice which will be found useful is, on return home, to fix the specimens on paper, with strong glue, writing the locality from whence obtained, and then arranging them roughly in genera. This arrangement, leading to the successive examina- tion of several species, or specimens, in any particular genus, will be found to facilitate, by comparison and contrast, their satisfac- tory determination. Every lichenist is unfortunately well aware of the great difficulty of preserving specimens of lichens which grow on the earth. Too frequently he finds, on consulting his herbarium, that the earth on which such lichens grew has become dry and crumbled into dust, involving in such disintegration the destruction of the lichen itself, especially when this happens to possess a crustaceous thallus. To remedy this, an effective preparation has been discovered by M. J. M. Norman, of Trémso, Norway. It consists of a solution of isinglass in spirits of wine, such as is used in the preparation of English adhesive plaster, which a chemist informs me is better known as “ Prout’s Plaster.” This composition when liquefied in a vessel plunged into water of the temperature of 25—30° C., is greedily imbibed by the earth on which the lichen grows, and be- comes inspissated into a solid gelatine, at a temperature below 15°. The solution may be applied by a camel’s-hair pencil until the earth becomes saturated, but care should be taken that the lichen itself be not moistened with it, for otherwise it would become dis- coloured. When the surface has become dry, the specimen may be submitted to moderate pressure, which, after some days, pro- duces the requisite hardness and tenacity. “xiv The mode of arrangement or preservation in the herbarium must be left to individual taste and convenience. The following may be adopted as practically most convenient. Having individual specimens glued down on small or suitably-sized pieces of paper with their names, localities, collector's name, date of collection, and drawings or notes of spores and internal structure appended, fasten these with small pins on quarto single sheets of good cart- ridge paper, from which any particular specimen can be readily removed for examination and replaced as occasion requires. These single sheets are then placed in a cover of cartridge paper also of quarto size, and the name of the species written on the left hand corner at the bottom on the outside. These covers, each containing a single species, are enclosed in a quarto cover of thick pasteboard, folded bookwise, marked on the back with the name of the genus, and are kept bookwise on shelves in cabinets, ar- ranged according to the system, and in the larger genera to the sections, adopted in the following work. Reference to any par- ticular specimen is thus readily practicable, even in the most extensive genus, and constant use and practice insensibly and gradually impress on the mind a lasting knowledge of systematic arrangement. The successful study of lichens is not really so difficult as per- sons imagine, if only they will bring to the work, careful painstak- ing observation, delicate manipulation in dissection, and a microscope with a good object-glass of 4 inch focus. The mode of examination which may be adopted is this.- Moisten the apothecium with water, then applying a watchmaker’s lens to the eye, make, with a sharp surgeon’s knife or scalpel, a very thin ver- tical section through the centre of the apothecium. Place this on the lower glass of a compressor, in a drop of hydrate of potash which assists in loosening the cohesion of the parts, and swells the spores to their proper shape, bring down the upper glass of the compressor with slight pressure, and place the whole under the microscope, increasing the pressure by the screw of the compressor gradually as vision shows to be necessary. A view is thus ob- tained of the asci, spores, paraphyses, structure, and colour of the hypothecium, &c., and drawings may be made of any of them most readily either with a camera lucida or by throwing the microscope into a horizontal position and placing an oblique steel disk on the end of the eye-piece, on looking through which a picture of the object is thrown on paper and may be traced with a pencil, the extraneous light being excluded by covering the head with a dark-coloured cloth. ; If the spores be mature the application of an aqueous solution of iodine will tinge them or the gelatina hymenea blue, or of a red- wine colour, with or withouta preceding blue tinge. This re-action occurs only insome lichens, whilst in others there is no such re-action produced, hence it proves useful as a slight confirmatory character. The formula by which the solution is to be prepared is :—Iodine xv pr. j.; Iodide of Potash, gr. iij ; Distilled water, 4 oz., which must be kept in a glass-stoppered bottle of dark-coloured glass, or covered with tinfoil to exclude light. In using this test, the section of the apothecium must be placed in the iodine solution at once, and not previously in the hydrate of potash, which would nullify the reaction. To test the thallus either on its cortical layer, or in the medulla, hydrate of potash is used, compounded of equal weights of caustic potash and water. Hypochlorite of lime (chloride of lime and water) is another reagent, which may be made of any strength. These are applied by small brushes made of spun glass, one brush being kept exclusively for each reagent, and also @ separate vessel used for each. The modus operandi is this : touch the cortical layer or the medulla (exposed by scraping off a morsel of the cortical layer) with the hydrate of potash, and while still moist apply the hypochlorite of lime, and note whether any re-action, and of what kind, results. Sometimes the hydrate of potash produces a distinct yellow tinge, which may be symbolised as (K+) or if only faint as (K f+) This yellow re-action is sometimes persistent (K+), but in other lichens immediately changes to a red colour (K yellow then red), In others the yellow produced by the hydrate of potash is changed into red, or the yellow is deepened, by the immediate application of hypochlorite of lime, symbolised (K yellow C red) or (K yellow, C deep-yellow). Again the hydrate of potash may produce no re-action, but the immediate subsequent application of hypochlorite of lime elicits red or yellow as the case may be, symbolised thus (K —C + red) or K -—C + yellow). Sometimes neitherreagent produces any re-action and isthus noted (K~C-). Avery convenient mode of symbol- ising the re-action of the cortical layer and medulla of the same lichen is to place the re-action of the former above that of the latter thus (K+ =C). These re-actions, which may be generally obtained on any portion of the thallus, are frequently more vivid on the younger or circumferential portions. Success depends on the reagents being freshly compounded and of the proper strength, and temperature has also something to do with it, as in very severe cold weather the re-action takes place very slowly and im- perfectly, and perhaps at all times it would be advisable to warm the reagent. Great cleanliness must be observed with the brushes and vessels, which should be thoroughly wiped dry after using. None of the liquid reagent should be left exposed to the air from one day to another, nor a fresh supply added to any which has been so exposed, nor must any which has been once used be returned to the stock bottles, which should always have close fit- ting glass-stoppers. Neglect of these precautions results in failure and uncertainty. The aqueous solution of iodine is also useful as a test on the exposed medulla in certain cases. The following work is arranged as to Families, Tribes, and Genera, with some slight modifications, on the system of Dr. W. Nylander, of Paris, as being simple and philosophical, founded on xvi a general consideration and balancing of all the parts of lichens, their external and internal structure, and as exhibiting their combin- ation with the Alge and Fungi to which Lichens are intermediate. To facilitate the student’s labour in the ready and accurate deter- mination of his specimens, the species, especially in the more extensive genera, such as Lecanora, Lecidea, Verrucaria, &c., have been thrown into small groups, distinguished either by the pecu- liar external character of the thallus or the forms and colour and septa of the spores, and in the largest genus, Lecidea, each of such groups is again subdivided into lesser ones according as the hypothecium is dark or colourless. Objectionable as such an arrangement confessedly is in separating allied species, it is believed it will be nevertheless found convenient and useful. In the diag- noses the prominent and distinguishing characters are printed in italics, and the chemical re-action added as a confirmatory aid. Its general habitat, relative frequency or scarcity, date of first discovery in Britain, (also appended afterwards to the name of its discoverer,) are given. The synonymy has been purposely made concise, retaining only a reference to the work in which each lichen was first described and named, and also to the works of Acharius, the Linnzus of Lichenology; and finally to the various works of Dr. W. Nylander ; and to those of humbler students, where neces- sary. By areference to these works the synonymy may be, if desired, followed out im extenso. References are made to charac- teristic figures of the lichen, its spores, &c. Micrometric measure- ments of the spores are also given, from the works of Mudd, Nylander, and T. M. Fries, to which are added my own meagure- ments. References are made to various published Exsiccati, Continental and British, enumerated hereafter ; and in the preparation of the work the Herbaria of Mr. Dawson Turner, Mr. Borrer, and the Hookerian Herbarium at Kew; many original specimens from Acharius ; the collections of Dr. Greville, Dr. George Johnston, Mr. Carroll, Mr. Crombie, Mr. Larbalestier, and many others have been consulted and examined, and where necessary micros- copically. To which must be also added my own immense Lichen-Herbarium (without exaggeration the finest and most extensive private one, both as to British and Tropical lichens, in the kingdom, and destined at my death to be presented to the National Herbarium at Kew) comprised in 400 quarto cases occupying, bookwise, shelves 120 feet in length. The names of Botanists on whose authority those localities rest are appended, and a note of admiration (!) added where a specimen from any locality has been personally examined. Those localities to which no name is appended have been ascertained by the personal research of the author, and for these he alone is responsible. The marvellous discoveries of Mr. Larbalestier in the West of Ireland, and the inferior, but very interesting, ones of Mr, Crombie, Dr. Stirton, Mr. McAndrew, Dr. Bainbridge, and xvii others in the North of Scotland, and of myself in North and South Wales, have raised our Lichen-Flora to an equality in numbers and rarity, with that of any other country in Europe. The number of species and forms or varieties comprised in the second edition of this work amounted to 1,156, whilst in the present edition they have risen to 1,710, and may be tabulated as follows :— _ Var. Var. Genus. Species or Total. Genus. Species or Total. er Form Form. Sirosiphon ............ Lo 1 Brought forward...... 339 Gonionema.. 1 — 1 | Ricasolia........c. go 2 Kphebe ..... 1 — 1} Parmelia........00.... 2 30 55 Spilonema .. 30 3 | Physcia oo... 17 26 «648 Lichina ..... 2 — 2) Umbilicaria ......... 10 1 21 Pterygium ..... 2 .— 2) Psoroma........ i — 1 Leptogidium .. 1 — 1 | Pannaria....... 18 6 19 Synalissa ..... 1 — 1 | Amphiloma . 1 — 1 Pyrenopsis .. 8 — 8 | Squamaria .. . 6 5 11 Collema ..... 27. 16 = 43 | Placodium .... 13 5 618 Leptogium .. 24 10 341 Lecanora....... 123 104 297 Collemopsis .. io 7 | Pertusaria . 28 2 30 Pyrenidium .. 1 — 1 | Phlyctis .... 2 — 2 Myriangium ........ 10 — 1 | Thelotrema. 2 1 3 Sphinctrina ......... 3 = 3 | Urceolaria . 1 2 3 Calicium ..... 18 6 241 Lecidea ....... 397 147 544 Coniocybe .. 3 2 5 | Odontotrema....... 2 — 2 Trachylia 8 3 | Schizoxylon ......... 1 — 1 Spherophoron ...... 30 3 | Xylographa. ... 4 2 6 Gomphillus ...... 1 = 1 | Ptychographa . 1 — 1 ~ Beomyces ........ | + 1 5 | Agyrium.... 1 — 1 ‘Pyenothelia . 20 — 2 | Lithograph: 7 =— 7 Cladonia ....... 20 28 48 | Opegrapha . 29 33) «62 Cladina . 4 7 11) Platygrapha 1 — 1 Pilophoro 2 — 2 | Stigmatidium 5 = 5 Stereocaulon 7 4 11] Arthonia. . 84 17 51 Roceella . 3 1 4 | Graphis ... . 10 31 41 Thamnolia 1 — 1 | Chiodecton. ey * 1 2 Usnea ....... 1 7 8 | Glyphis .... . 1. = 1 Alectoria.... wen WO 8 14) Melaspilea. a io 4 Evernia ...........0 2 2 4 | Mycoporum . . 8 = 3 Ramalina . 13 13 26 | Rimularia ... ‘ 1 _ 1 Cetraria .... 3 6 9 | Thelocarpon ....... 4 0°— 4 Platysma....... 10 5 15 | Normandina....... 2 — 2 Nephromium. 3 4 7 | Endocarpon ......... 0 4 5 9 Peltigera....... 9 4 18] Verrucaria...... 157 25s«182 Solorina .... 4. — 4} Strigula ...... 1 — 1 Stictina .... “s 7 — 7 | Melanotheca......... 30 3 Sticta wee 30 3 | Astrothelium......... 1 — 1 Carried forward... 339 Totallsiesseiercisisass 11710 I have purposely omitted any mention of the Schwendenerian Theory of Lichens, as I cannot but regard it as purely imaginary, “the baseless fabric of a vision;” which even if it could be proved to be true, which is not yet the case, cannot make lichens to be less lichens, nor interfere with their systematic study. It will be well for us ever to bear in mind the sound remarks which Mr. Bentham embodied in 1872 in one of those admirable addresses which, as President of the Linnean Society, he annually delivered. ‘“ There is a very common readiness to take at once as proved any paradox, or theory, opposed to general belief, when ohh XVI a new discovery appears to afford some plausible argument in its favour. In Lichens, according to Schwendener, we have the sup- posed parasite surrounding and enclosing its presumed victim, cutting it off from all communication with the outer world from which it has to derive its nutriment; and yet we are to believe that the poor prisoner not only sustains its own life and feeds its hosts, but flourishes, grows, and multiplies. If the hyphe feed upon the enclosed gonidia, what do the gonidia feed upon? If there really is parasitism in the case, which is very doubtful, may not the gonidia be the parasites, the lichen, the host? or may not the gonidia be mere stages of existence of certain lichens falsely ascribed to Algw? The whole question is a very curious one, and, notwithstanding the skill and acuteness of Schwendener and others, requires much more observation and study before the con- clusions derived from them can be taught as an established theory. And whatever be the result, the group of lichens is so distinct in its vegetative characters, and at the same time so extensive and varied a one, that it seems more methodical to treat it, as hereto- fore, ag a distinct class, than to absorb it in that of fungi, not- withstanding the close affinity shown by its reproductive organs.” Should the student desire to possess microscopical preparations of sections of the thallus, spores, &c., of lichens, I can confidently refer him to my friend, the Rev, J. E. Vize, Forden Vicarage, near Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, whose slides, prepared with great scientific knowledge and skilful manipulation, are unrivalled, and cannot be surpassed for beauty and usefulness. Mr, E. M. Holmes, F.L.S. (80 Arthur Road, Holloway, London N.), and Mr. W. Joshua, F.L.S. (Cirencester), are also doing great service to practical science in issuing fasciculi of microscopical preparations (in slides) of sections of the ‘thallus, spores, &c., which will enable the student to attain a more thorough and adequate knowledge of internal structure. The examples I have seen are most beautiful and excellent, and are deserving of the highest commendation. I take this opportunity to make known that my friend, Mr. Larbalestier proposes to publish under the title of “ LARBALESTIER’S Lionsn-Herparium ” a series of dried Lichens of Ireland, England, and the Channel Islands, four fasciculi of which will be issued each year, each containing 40 species, nearly all rare or little known plants, at 12/6 each fasciculus. Mr. Larbalestier also intends to issue fasciculi of “‘ Licuzngs Rarissimz” at 20/- each, independent of the above. THE LICHEN-FLORA OF GREAT BRITAIN, &e. CLASS OF LICHENS. Thallus furnished with a stratum of gonidia or granula gonima variously disposed, very often (at least in the crustaceous species) containing crystals of oxalate of lime. Fructification consisting of spores in thecee or asci; gelatina hymenea in most species becoming blue, in others reddish, on the application of an aqueous solution of iodine. Spermogonia in pyrenodine conceptacles distinct from the apothecia, and occurring either generally on the same thallus with the apothecia (monecious), or sometimes separately on different thalli (decectous ). Lichens are distinguished from Fungi by the peculiar type, form and structure of the thallus. The families and their principal sub- divisions are chiefly based on the diversities of the thallus, though sometimes the differences of the apothecia and spermogonia de- termine these. Thallus byssaceous. = Family I. BYSSACEI. Thallus gelatinous. = Family II. COLLEMACEI. Thalamium cellulose, with superimposed theciferous cavities = Family III. MYRIANGIACEL Thallus not gelatinous. = Family IV. LICHENACEI, Fam. I. BYSSACEI. Thallus byssaceous; granula gonima in a thalline vagina. = Tribe I. SrROsIPHET. Fam. I COLLEMACEI. Thallus filiform, branched. = Tribe I. Licuine1. Thallus membranaceous, lobate. = Tribe II. CoLLEMEt. Fam. III. MYRIANGIACEI. Thalamium cellulose, with superimposed theciferous cavities. = Tribe I. MyRranciet. B 2 THE LICHEN-FLORA Fam. IV. LICHENACEL - Spores pulverulent on surface of fructification. =Series I, Ept- CONIODEI. ' Thallus foliolose ; apothecia terminal on podetia, biatorine.= Series II. Crapopet. Thallus efoliolose, fruticulose or filamentose ; apothecia lecano- rine.=Series IIT. RamaLovet. - Thallus foliaceous, depressed, lobed. =Series IV. PHYLLODEI. Thallus crustaceous, squamose, radiate, granulose, powdery, or evanescent.=Series V. PLAcopEl. Fructification in closed receptacles. =Series VI. PyrENoDEI. Szries I. EPICONIODEI. Thallus horizontally expanded ; apothecia stipitate, cupuliform, or sessile. =Tribe I. Canicr=t. Thallus fruticulose, ramose ; apothecia nucleiform.=Tribe II. SPHZROPHOREL Series II. CLADODEI. Thallus horizontal; apothecia substipitate.=Tribe III. Bzo- MYCEL. Thallus foliaceous ; apothecia biatorine on scyphiform or simple podetia, = Tribe IV. CLapon1z1. Thallus ceespitose, podetiiform ; apothecia terminal or lateral, lecideine. = Tribe V. STEREOCAULEI. Serizs IIT. RAMALODEI. Thallus branched, white; apothecia lateral.=Tribe VI. Roc- CELLEL Thallus podetiiform ; apothecia unknown. =Tribe VII. SrpHuet. Thallus branched, terete, or compressed, medullary axis firm ; apothecia peltate.=Tribe VIII. Usyzsr. Thallus branched, round or compressed, medullary axis woolly ; apothecia lateral or terminal.=Tribe IX. RaMauinEt. Thallus compressed, fruticulose or membranously dilated; apo- thecia marginal. = Tribe X. CuTRaRIEI. Series IV. PHYLLODEI. Apothecia peltiform. = Tribe XI. Petriceret. Apothecia marginal, on under side of thallus. =Sub- tribe 1. NEPHROMEI. Apothecia marginal, on upper side of thallus. =Sub- tribe 2. PEripet. Apothecia not marginal, innate. = Sub-tribe 3. SoLortvet. Apothecia lecanorine. = Tribe XII. ParmeELizt. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 3 Thallus membranaceo-lobate, tomentose and cyphellate beneath ; spores fusiform, 1-3-septate ; paraphyses distinct. =Sub-tribe 1. SricrsEt. Thallus laciniato-lobate ; spores ellipsoid, simple; para- physes indistinct. =Sub-tribe 2. ImpricaRist. Thallus stellato-orbicular ; spores bilocular ; paraphyses distinct. =Sub-tribe 2. Payscrer. Apothecia lecideine, gyrose.= Tribe XIII. GyropHoret. Serizes V. PLACODEI. Apothecia lecanorine. = Tribe XIV. Lecanoret. Thallus squamulose, gonidia large, distinct. = Sub-tribe 1. PsoROMEI. Thallus squamulose or granulose, with granula gonima (no gonidia).=Sub-tribe 2. PannaRiel. Thallus pulverulent. =Sub-tribe 3. AmpHILoMEt. Thallus radioso-laciniate or cartilagineo-squamose ; spores ellipsoid, simple. = Sub-tribe 4. SquamaRiEI. Thallus radiate (not radioso-laciniate) ; spores ellipsoid, bilocular, cells united by a longitudinal tube. =Sub-tribe 5. PLacopel. Thallus crustaceous, granulose ; spores simple or variously septate. =Sub-tribe 6. EuLECANOREI. Apothecia endocarpoid, enclosed in verruce of thallus ; spores very large, ellipsoid. =Sub-tribe 7. PERTUSARIEI. Apothecia in thalline verruce, but with an open epithe- cium ; spores plurilocular or murali-divided.=Sub-tribe 8. THELOTREMEL. Apothecia biatorine or lecideine or gyalectine.=Tribe XV. LECIDEINEI. ? Apothecia lirelline. =Tribe XVI. GraPHIDEI. Hymenia covered by a black rimuloso-dehiscent peridium.= Tribe XVII. Peripie1. ; Series VI. PYRENODEI. Apothecia pyrenodine. = Tribe XVIII. PyrenocaRPEt. Fam. I, BYSSACEI. Tribe I. SrRosiPHEt. Thallus cespitose, distinctly vaginate. = SrrosIPHON. Thallus cespitose, granula gonima concatenate into a central axis ; apothecia biatorine. = GoNIONEMA. Fam. II. COLLEMACEI, Tripe 1. LIcHINEI. Thallus cespitose, granula gonima in transverse strata; apo- thecia lecideine. = Spitonrma 4 THE LICHEN-FLORA Thallus fruticulose, granula gonima connate in transverse strata ; apothecia endocarpoid in swellings of the thallus. = EpHEBe. ’ Thallus fruticulose, fucoid, granula gonima cerulescent ; apo- thecia in terminal globose receptacles. = LIcHINA. Thallus appressed ; granula gonima moniliformi-con€rete ; apo- thecia lecideine. = PreryGium. Thallus fruticulose ; granula gonima moniliformi-concatenate ; apothecia lecideine. = LEPToGipIUM. TRIBE 2, CoLLEMEI. Thallus granulato-areolate, internally rubricose, granula gonima in globular cells; apothecia urceolato-innate ; spores simple.= PyYRENOPSIS. Thallus granulose or fruticulose, granula gonima in globular cells ; apothecia innate, lecanorine or endocarpoid ; spores simple. =SYNALISSA. Thallus without cortical layer, granula gonima moniliform ; apothecia lecanorine; spores multilocular, rarely simple. =Coz- LEMA. Thallus with distinct cortical layer, granula gonima moniliform ; apothecia lecanorine; spores multilocular, rarely simple. = LxEp- TOGIUM. Thallus internally green; granula gonima submoniliform; apothecia subgyalectoid. = CoLLEMOPSIS. Thallus minute, stellato-divided, or ceespitellose, or confluento- effuse ; apothecia pyrenocarpous, verrucarioid. = PYRENIDIUM. Fam. JI]. MYRIANGIACEI. Tripe J. MyrianGiet. Thalamium cellulose, with superimposed theciferous cavities. = Myriancium. Fam. III. LICHENACEI. Serres J. EPICONIODEIL Tripe I. Catricrer. Thallus none ; apothecia parasitic on Pertusarie globoso-turbi- nate, subsessile, black ; spores nigrescent, simple. = SPHINCTRINA. Thallus granuloso-pulverulent ; apothecia globoso-turbinate, stipitate, black; spores nigro-fuscous, simple or 1-septate.= CaLicium. Thallus pulverulent ; apothecia globoso-pulverulent, stipitate, yellow ; spores colourless. = ContocyBE. _ Thallus granulose ; apothecia cupuliform, sessile, black 3 Spores nigricant, 1-septate. = TRACHYLIA. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 5 Trine I]. SPHH#ROPHOREL. Apothecia terminal, nucleiform, globose, irregularly dehiscent ; spores spheerical, violet-black. = SPHZROPHORON, Serres IT. CLADODEI. Trips III. Baomycet. Thallus gelatinoso-conglutinate ; apothecia stipitate clavato- capitate ; spores filiform, multiseptate. = GomPHILLus. Thallus crustaceo-granulose or subsquamulose ; apothecia stip- itate or sessile, biatorine. = BHoMYCES. Tripe IV, CLADONIEI. Thallus foliolose, or squamulose, or granuloso-crustaceous ; podetia fistulose, laciniato-ramose or scyphose ; apothecia terminal, biatorine, livido-fuscous or scarlet. =CLADONIA. Thallus verrucoso-granulate, bearing large fuscescent sessile cephalodia; podetia rigid, simple, minute; apothecia terminal subglobose, black. = PrLoPpHORON. Tribe V. STEREOCAULEI. Podetia covered with variously-shaped fragile granules; apo- thecia fuscous ; spores cylindraceo-fusiform, 3-9-septate ; cephalodia verrucoso-glomerulose, =STEREOCAULON. Series III. RAMALODEI. Tripe VI. RoccELLet. Thallus fruticulose, from a common base, terete or compressed ; spores oblong or fusiform, 3-septate. = RoccELLa. Tribe VII. SIPHULEI. Thallus of prostrate subulate stipites, acute at the apices, fistu- lose. = THAMNOLIA. Trise VIII. Usneet. Thallus filamentose, pale cinereo-virescent ; apothecia coneolo- rous. = UsNEA. Trips IX. RAMALINEL. Thallus cylindrical, horny ; spores simple. = ALECTORIA. Thallus applanate, flaccid ; spores simple. = EvERNIA. Thallus compressed, rigescent ; spores l-septate, = RAMALINA. 6 THE LICHEN-FLORA Trine X. CETRARIEI. Thallus spadiceous, laciniose or fistulose. = CETRARIA. Thallus various in colour, membranaceo-dilatate and lobate. = PLATYSMA. Series IV. PHYLLODEI. Trips XI. PELTIGEREI. Sup-tRipE I. NEPHROMEI. Cortical layer continuous on the nerveless lower surface of the thallus; spores septate. = NEPHROMIUM. Sus-trise IJ. PEvriper. Cortical layer not continuous on the nerved and rhizinose lower surface of the thallus ; spores 3-5-7-septate. = PELTIGERA. SubB-TRIBE III. So orinet. Cortical layer not continuous on the obsoletely-nerved lower surface of the thallus ; spores ]-septate. =SoLorina. Tring XII. ParMeEviei. Sus-TRIBE I. Sricrei. Gonidial stratum of the thallus consisting of glauco-virescent or glauco-cerulescent granula gonima in pluri-locular nodules. = STICTINA. Gonidial stratum of the thallus consisting of free, true, bright or yellow-green gonidia ; rhizinee simple. = Sticra. Under surface of thallus with fasciculate rhizing ; spores 1-3- septate. = RICASOLLA. SuB-TRIBE I]. ImBRICARIEI. Spores simple. = PaRMELIA. Suprise TI]. Puyscret. Spores polari-bilocular or 1-septate. = Puysota. Trizze XIII. GyropHorst. Thallus monophyllous, umbilically affixed. = UmpriicaRia. Series V. PLACODEI. Trine XIV. Lercanoret. Sus-TRIBE I. Psoromet. Gonidial stratum of thallus consisting of large distinct gonidia’ = Psoroma, OF ‘GREAT BRITAIN, 7 Sup-tTripe II. Pannarter. Gonidial stratum of thallus consisting of granula gonima, = Pannaria, Sup-trize III. AmPHILomeEr, Thallus white, granuloso-pulverulent. = AMPHILOMA. Sup-TRiBE ITV. SQuAMARIEI. Spores simple. =SquaMaRIa. SUB-TRIBE V. PLAcopDEI. Spores polari-bilocular. = PLacopium. SuB-TRIBE VI. EULECANOREL Apothecia internally colourless ; spores 8 or numerous, simple or variously divided, colourless or fuscous. = Lecanora, Apothecia tuberculoso-lecanorine ; hypothecium black ; spores fusiform, 3-septate. = Drrina. Sup-TRipe VII. Perrusariet. Apothecia endocarpoid, or lecanoroid or variolaroid; spores 1-2-4-8, simple, very large, ellipsoid, with a thick episporium. = PERTUSARLA. Apothecia erumpent, rotundato-difformed ; spores 1-2, mmurali- divided. = Putyctis. Sup-trize VIII. THELorremet. Apothecia verruceform, open; spores 8, murali-divided. = THELOTREMA. . Apothecia urceolate ; spores murali-locular, = URCEOLARIA. Trips XV. LEcIDEINEL. Thallus crustaceous, squamose, scurfy, powdery, granulate, areolate, continuous, rimulose, or evanescent ; spores 8 or numer- ous, colourless or fuscous, simple or variously septate. = Lecrpra, Thallus evanescent; apothecia gymnotremoid, naked, black ; spores 2-septate. = ODONTOTREMA. Thallus evanescent ; apothecia lecideine, elevated, naked, black ; spores numerous. = SCHIZOXYLON. Trise XVI. GRAPHIDEL. Apothecia black, linear, parallel, plane, internally cinerascent ; spores 8, simple. = XyLoGRAPHA, 8 THE LICHEN-FLORA Apothecia prominent, with 2 or 4 longtitudinally parallel hymenia in each ; spores 8, simple. = PrycHoGRAPHA. Apothecia red, rotundate or oblong, biatorine, plane, internally colourless ; spores 8, simple. = AGYRIUM. Apothecia black, tumid; hypothecium black, entire; spores 8 or numerous, simple or 1-septate. = LirHoGRAPHA. Apothecia black, superficial ; perithecium black, entire ; spores 8, obovate or fusiform, l-multiseptate ; paraphyses indistinct. = OPEGRAPHA. Apothecia black, impressed in thalline verruce and surrounded with a spurious thalline margin; hypothecium black; spores fusiform, 3-septate = PLATYGRAPHA. Apothecia brownish, punctiform or elongate, immersed ; hypo- thecium colourless. =STr¢MATIDIUM. Apothecia roundish, plane, or tumid, innately sessile ; asci pyri- form in excavations of the subgelatinous hymenium ; paraphyses none =ARTHONIA. Apothecia black, innate or immersed ; spores 8, oblong or lineari-elongate or cylindrical, pluri-locular ; paraphyses distinct. = GRAPHIS. Apothecia substellato-radiate, immersed in white rounded ver- ruce ; spores fusiform, 3-septate. =CHIODECTON. Apothecia intricato-flexuose, immersed in white plano-depressed verruce. = GLYPHIS. Apothecia black, superficial, arthonoid ; spores 1-septate ; para- physes distinct. = MELASPILEA. Trine XVII. PERIvret. Apothecia containing many hymenia conjoined as in a common excipulum, but without perithecia. =Mycoporum. Apothecia rotundate, depressed in the centre, dehiecing by a subradiate fissure. = RIMULARIA. Series VI. PYRENODEI. Trips XVIII. PyRENocARPEI. Apothecia single in citrine spherical thalline verruce; spores numerous. = THELOCARPON. Perithecia black, immersed in a squamulose thallus; spores 8. septate. = NORMANDINA. Perithecia pale, immersed in a peltate or squameform thallus ; spores 8, simple. =ENnpocaRPon. Perithecia black, rarely coloured, entire or dimidiate, semi- immersed or sessile ; spores 8 or numerous, simple or variously septate. = VzRRUCARIA. Foliicolous. =StTRIcuLa. Perithecia numerous, minute, black, imbedded in a round or oblong blackish plane apothecium. = MELANOTHECA. Perithecia several, stellato-congregate, their ostiola converging into one common central poriform epithecium. = AsTROTHELIUM. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 9 Fam. I. BYSSACEI. Thallus black or fuscous, filamentose, byssoid ; granula gonima in 1-2 or 3 series enclosed in a vagina. Trize I. SIROSIPHEL. Thallus minute, filamentose, densely implexed or compacted, vaginate, granula gonima in 1-2-3 series. I. SIROSIPHON. Ktz. Filaments branched, distinctly vaginate, composed of gela- tinous cellules, each enclosing a solid gonimic nucleus, arran ged in simple or 2-3-fold series within the vagina. 1. S. compactus, Ktz. black, densely intricate, filaments ascending, rigid, curved, coalescent below, vagina cartilagineo- corneous, fuscous ; cellules in single series. On rocks, frequent. 1876. Syw :—Kutzing Sp. Algarum, 316. (1849). Fic :—Hassall Alge, t. 68. f. 3. Geog. Disrris :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—26. * IRELAND :—Rocks south side of Kylemore Lake, co, Galway, M7. Larbalestier. (1876.) II GONIONEMA. Wy. Thallus filiform, granula gonima concatenated into a single central axis. Apothecia concolorous, biatorine. Spermatia minutely oblong, simple. I. G. velutinum, Nyl. dark-brown, slender, entangled ; apothecia dark-brown, terminal, centre depressed, margin swollen, pale within; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses slender. On sub-alpine rocks rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 16 (1857) ; Syn. 88; Scand. 23; Collema, Ach, on 829. Fie :—Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. July 1865, t. 4, f, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6: Nyl. Syn. t.1, £11. : Exs :—-Arn. 571. Lojka. 1590. Sinrft. 71. Reich. & Schub. 69. Grog. Distrip :—Europe, Scandinavia, France. Bor. Prov :—1...7. . Eneianp :—St. Cleere near Liskeard, Messrs. Turner &: Sowerby. Wates :—Barmouth ! Craig Breidden ! (northern precipices) Montgomery- shire (1864); Snowdon! Cwm Bochlwyd! Cwm Idwal! Cwm Cywion! Aran dy! ae ction hymenea I. blue, then vinous-red. Spores .009—.010 mm, long, ‘007 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .013—.014 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. Fam: II. COLLEMACEI Thallus black, fuscous, dark olive, rarely cinerascent or glauces- cent, variable in form; granula gonima either moniliform or variously dispersed in the gelatinous substance of the thallus. Apothecia generally lecanorine, rarely biatorine, rarely endocarpoid, generally rufescent, rarely black, internally whitish or pale, 10 THE LICHEN-FLORA Trine I. LicHINEI. Thallus small or minute, filiform, ceespitoso-fruticulose, or de- presso-implexed ; granula gonima moniliform, connate, or variously concrete, Apothecia lecanorine, biatorine or lecideine or endocar- poid. Spores 8, colourless, I, EPHEBE. fr. Born, Nyl. Thallus filiform, branched, fruticulose ; granula gonima large subtransversely arranged in little heaps, 2, 4, or more together. Apothecia endocarpoid, in thickened portions of the thallus. Sper- matia straight, cylindrical. 1. E. pubescens, Fr. blackish-brown, slender, czespitose, entangled, branched, slightly rugulose ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong or subfusiform, l-septate ; paraphyses indistinct. On subalpine rocks, not unfrequent. 1851. Syn :—Fries S.0.V. 256 (1825); Bornet in Ann, Sc. Nat. ser. 3. xviii, 170; Nyl. Prod. 17, Syn. 90, Scand. 24. Lichen exilis, Lightf. Fl. Scot. p. 894, teste Herb. Pulteney, &c. in Mus. Brit. Fic :—Ann. Se. Nat. 1.c. t. 7. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, July, 1865, t. 4, f. 12, 13, 14. _Nyl. Syn. t. 2, f. 1 & 17—20. Exs :—Nyl. 1. M. & N. 358, ae . 712. Fellm. 2. Grog. DistR1B :—Scandinavia, E. Lapland, France, Switzerland, Algeria Greenland, N. America. i Bor. Prov: 1...7...11...15...16...19...23...26. EneLanD :—Dartmoor! Mr. Ralfs. South Devon. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Egle- stone, Durham. Fev J, Harriman. In the River Erme above Ivy Bridge, Devon. Dr, Holl. Blackstone Rock, Dartmoor. Mr. Parfitt, Scottanp .—Loch Awe; Achallater, Braemar; Craig Guie; Rev J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Glengariff, Coachford! west of Cork. Mr. Carroll. Dublin Mountains. Mr Archer. Loch Leane and Cromaglan, Killarney. Dr. Car- rington. Kylemore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watzs.—Summit of Pen-maen-mawr!; (1851) Barmouth! Glyder Vach }, Cwm Bochlwyd! Pass of Llanberis ! Consult Grevillea, 5. 124. ‘‘ Spores .011—16 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .013—.014 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. II. SPILONEMA. Born. Thallus filiform, branched, fruticulose, granula gonima large, in transverse strata. Apothecia lecideine, lenticular. Spermatia shortly cylindrical. 1. Sp. paradorum, Born. blackish-brown, slender, ccespitose, en- tangled, branched ; apothecia black, terminal, hemispherical, im- marginate ; hypothecium nigrescent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; paraphyses thick, articulate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1856. Syn:—Bornet in Mém. Cherb. Dec. 1856, p. 4; Nyl. Prodr. 17; . 89; Seand. 28 Mudd Man. 35. See a need '1G¢:—Mém. Cherb. lc. t.1 & 2; Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. Jul: ‘ t. 4, f. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; Nyl. Syn. t. 2, f. 3. eter a ve Exs :—Leight. 347. Gxroc. DistR1B :—France, Pyrenees, Finland. Bor. Prov :—7...16. Sco mAND poe Hee fe sa ae ALES :—Rocks near Harlec ike, Barmouth! (1856); ! Snowdonia ; Llyn Cae ! Cader Idris, Cwm Cywion! ‘Cw ieee : OF GREAT BRITAIN, 11 Attention to the regular transverse arrangement, grouping and size of the eens gonima will distinguish this from Ephebe pubescens which it generally resembles. m spor .009 mm, long, .004 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I, intense blue then dusky violet.” (Nyl.) Spores .009 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 2. Sp. revertens, Nyl. black or fuscous-black, effuse, minutely coral- loideo-compact, more generally forming small verrucose pulvinult, more or less crowded ; apothecia black, lecideine, adnate, somewhat convex, immarginate, internally entirely obscurely cinerascent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple, the thin lamina of the apothecium somewhat ceerulescent ; epithecium black, paraphyses thickish, their apices incrassate denigrate ; hypotheciwm not obscurate ; gela- tina hymenea I. blue, the apices of the thece more intensely tinged. On granitic and micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1863. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865 p. 601. Groce. Distrip :—Finland, Eastern Lapland. Bor. Prov .—15. ScotLanpD :—Ben Lawers and Craig Tulloch (but only in sterile state, there- fore uncertain). Rev J. M. Crombie (1863). ‘On the thallus occur minute colourless immersed globose pycnides with curved stylospores. Spores .003—.011 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 3. Sp. Scoticum, Nyl, black or fuscous, effuse, minutely corallow, in small compact verrucose pulvinule ; apothecia black, minute ; epithecium impressed or somewhat convex ; hypotheciwm colorless ; spores 8, colourless, oviformi-oblong, 1-septate ; paraphyses slender, distinct ; gelatina hymenea tinged blue, the asci violet, by iodine. On alpine micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1869. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1869, p. 82; Crombie En. 1. Bort, Prov :—15. Scornanp :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M, Crombie. (1869). * Spores .010-—14 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Ill. LICHINA. 4g. Thallus fuscous-black, fruticulose, firm, granula gonima cerulescent. Apothecia terminal in globose thalline receptacles, lecanorine, subpyrenoid. Spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. Spermatia oblong. l. L. pygmeea, (Lightf.) ceespitose, ramose, small, compressed upwards. On maritime rocks, not unfrequent. 1777. Syn :— Fucus pygmeus, Light£. Fl. Scot. p. 964 (1777) Lichiaa, Agardh. Syn. 9, (1817); Nyl. Syn. 91, Scand. 24, Mudd Man. 33. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 1332. Grev. Scott. Crypt. t. 219. Tulasne Mem. Lich. t.9, f.1-6. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. July, 1865, t. 4, f. 21. Nyl. Syn. t. 2, f. 16. Lightf. 1. c. t. 32, Exs :—Leight. 260. Hepp 423. Larbal. 51. Geoc. Distr1B :—Europe, Scandinavia, Chili. Bot. Prov :—1...6.,.10, 11. .14...18...23...26.. 30, 31. EncLAND :—Cornish Coast; Devonshire; Dorsetshire; Sir J. #. Smith. Mount’s Bay! Cornwall. Mr. Ralfs. Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Culler- coats Pier, Northumberland. Mr. Baker. untclift, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Rocks near Shaldon, Babbicombe, Torquay. Mr. Parfitt. ScorLaND :—Leith and Newhaven; Hebrides, Sir J. E. Smith. Isles of Jura, Iona, Firth of Forth, Rev. J. Lightfoot. (1777), 12 THE LICHEN-FLORA TRELAND :—Maritime rocks. Mr. Carroll. Ardglass co. Down, Dr. Maingay. Dublin, Dr, Moore. Mullaghglass! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Caswell Bay ! Mumbles. Cuannev Istanps :—Coast of Jersey ; Shores of Serk, Herm, and Jethou! Mr. Larbalestier. i Spores .002—29 mm. long, .011—16 broad. ‘Spores .005 in. long, by .0025 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .026 mm. long, .012 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Epispore narrow. 2. L. confinis, (Ach). densely ceespitose, very small, rownd, not compressed. On maritime rocks, not unfrequent. 1813. Syn.—Lichen confinis, Ach, Prod. 208, (1798). Lichina, Agardh. Spec. 105. (1832); Nyl. Syn. 92. Scand. 24. Mudd Man. 34, : Fic rors Bot. t. 2575. Grev. Scott. Crypt. t. 221. Tul. Mem. Lich. t. 10, f. 12,18. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. July, 1865, t. 4, f. 22. xs: Larbal. 1. Rabh. 782. é Gzoc. Distr1B:—Europe. Scandinavia, France, Spain, Portugal, Faroe slands. Bor. Prov :—1...6, 7...15...19...23...30, 31. EneLanp :—Mounts Bay! Cornwall. Mr. Ralfs. Whitesand Bay, Cornwall. Dr, Holt. Scortanp : Kincardine, Eastern coasts from Firth of Forth northwards. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Kenmare river, Sir 7. Gage. (1813). Co. Down. Dr. Maingay, near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Dublin. Dr. Moore. Wates :—Brocastle, Glamergan. Dr. Holl. Black Stones, Conway Bay! Gimlet Rock! Pwllheli, Y Figle fawr near Barmouth! Caswell Bay! Mumbles. Goodwick Bay! Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL IsLanps}; South Coast of Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .0195 mm. long, .01!mm. broad. Epispore broad. IV. PTERYGIUM. Wy. Thallus appressed, laciniato-multifid, very fragile, in section polished ; granula gonima often moniliformi-concrete, principally arranged under the corticallayer (see Nyl. Syn. t. 2. f 11, 12, & 13). Apothecia lecideine. Spermogonia having long arthrosterig- mata (see Nyl. lc t. 2. f 14 & 15). 1. Pt. pannariellum, Nyl. nigrescent, microphyllino-corallord, decumbent, granula gonima generally moniliformi-concatenate ; apothecia lecideine, margined with a black annular excipulum ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 2-3-septate. On limestone rocks, very rare. Syw. :—Stizb. Lich. Hyperb. p. 25 note. Pannaria triseptata, Nyl. Lecothecium vosulans, Th. Fr. A Bor. Prov :—15. Scorttanp.—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire, Rev. J. M. Crombie. 2. Pt. Lismorense, Cromb. nigricant, or olivaceo-nigricant, sub- furfuraceous, thin, slightly or obsoletely radiose, variously con- fluent ; apothecia black, lecrdeine, small, margined, internally dark ; hypothecium violascenti-mgricant ; epithecium ceerulescenti-nigres- cent ; spores 8, colourless, oviform, 1-septate. On calcareous maritime rocks. 1876. Syn :—Crombie in Grevillea 5. p. 108 (1877). Nyl. in Flora 1877 p. 221. Bot. Prov :—16. Scor.anD :—Island of Lismore, Argyleshire, Rev. J. M. Crombie (1876), OF GREAT BRITAIN, 13 Allied to Pt. aspersellum (Ach.) Nyl., but differs in the thallus and spores. Spores .010—11 mm, long, .005.6 mm. broad, Gelatina hymenea I blue, then dusky lutescent. V. LEPTOGIDIUM, Wy. Granula gonima moniliformly concatenated. ‘Syngonimia scytonemoid.” 1. LZ. dendriscum, Ny], virescent, towards the base flavo- pallescent, opake, rownd, or obsoletely somewhat compressed, exces- sively branched, slender, small, forming intricate fruticuli ; apothecia pale or pale-rufous, smallish; epithecium at length somewhat convex ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea I blue. ‘On mossy trees on lofty mountains, rare. 1861. Syn :—Nyl. Pyren. Or. 48. Nyl. Syn. 185. Z. Moorei, Leight. Lich. Fl. 2nd ed. p. 27. Fic :—Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 7. t. 10. f. 2. Gxoe. DistriB : Brazil, Isle of Bourbon, Papéiti and New Caledonia. Bor, Prov :—19. 20. IrrELanp:—Glena, Killarney, Dr. Carrington. (1861). Glengariff! Adm. Jones. Crombie, in Journ. Bot,, says, “‘Qn submitting a specimen of Leptogiun Moorei, Hepp. to Nylander he pronounced it to be entirely the present species. In all the specimens which I have seen in herb. Carroll & ex herb. Jones, there are no apothecia present, and it is most likely that the anomalous apothecia hitherto described were simply spermogones, though even these, which are not unfrequent in the specimens referred to, are scarcely rightly de- veloped. This is another of those interesting exotic species which find their way to 8.W. Ireland.” Trine IJ. CoLLemet. Thallus very various, crustaceous, granulose or lobate, laciniate or microphylline ; granula gonima glaucous-green, either monili- form or variously dispersed. Apothecia lecanorine or biatorine or endocarpoid. I. SYNALISSA. DR. Wei. Thallus nigricant, minute, of various form, thinly incrusting, submembranaceous, granulose, fruticuloso-divided, granula gonima in globular cells ; apothecia innate, concolorous, lecanorine or en- docarpoid. Spermatia oblong. 1. S. symphorea, (DC.) black, fastigiato-divided, branches terete, obtuse, sometimes only noduliform ; apothecia terminal, concolorous, punctiformi-mpressed, at length dilated, thalline margin tumid ; spores 8-24, colourless, ellipsoid or spherical, simple. On maritime calcareous rocks, rare. Syn .—COollema, DC. Fl. Fr. 2. 388. Collema synalissum, Ach. L. U. 640. Syn. 317. Synalissa, Nyl. Syn. 94. Mudd Man. 35, Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 11, f. 89. a Syn. lc. t. 3. f. 2. Exs :—Zw. 366. Hepp 89. Anzi It. 8. 1, Anzi Venet. 6. : Groc, Disrr1s :—Central Europe, France, Pyrenees, Germany, Italy, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—1. 25. ; : EneianD:—St. Vincent’s Rocks, near Bristol. Dr. Thwaites. Baddicombe, Devon. Adm. Jones. A Gelatina hymenea I.—‘‘ Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .006—9 mm. broad. (Nyl.) “Spores .00125 in, diam, (Mudd t. 1. £. 2)” 14 THE LICHEN-FLORA Il. PYRENOPSIS. Wyi. Thallus crustaceous, thin, granuloso-areolate, laxly cellulose, internally rubricose, granula gonima agglomerated in globular cells. Apothecia concolorous, minute, urceolato-innate in a prominent margined receptacle, margin somewhat swollen and connivent. Spores simple. 1. P. hematopis, (Smrft.) dark or rubricosofuscous, crustose, opake, verrucoso-unequal, thickish, diffract, internally subconco- lorous or more nigricant in the lower portion; spermatia very minute, ellipsoid ; apothecca superficial, urceolate, margins elevated, entire ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On alpine rocks, rare. 1865. Syn :—Smrft. Lapp. 117. (1829). Nyl. Lapp. or. 104, Crombie En. 2. Exs:—Fellm. 5. Groce. Disterp :—Lapland. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanpD :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones (1865). 3. P. homeopsis, Nyl. brown, thin effuse, subgranulose ; apothecia concolorous, lecanorine, small, internally pale ; epithecium colourless ; paraphyses slender; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On micaceous boulders, rare. 1867. ( aoe in Flora, 1868.* p. 342. Crombie in Seeman Journ. Bot. 7. 48. 1869). Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp —Loch-na-cat, Ben Lawers. (1867) Rev. J. M. Crombie Allied to P. grumulifera, Nyl. but distinct. * Spores .011—18 mm. long, .007—10 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 4. P. fuscatula, Nyl, darkly fuscous or brown-black, minute, noduloso-granulate, effuse, granules agglomerate and confluent in depressed glomerules, more or less distinct, or irregularly scat- tered ; “apothecia non rite evoluta visa.” On maritime rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. En. Gen. p. 144. (1853). Grog. DistR1B France. Bor. Prov :—7. 15. 31. ScotLanD.—Cairn Gowar (3690 ft.) Rev. J. M. Crombie. a Se ts oe HANNEL IsLANDs :—Noirmont and La Moye, Boulay Bay, J. . Mr. Lar: balestier. (1866). , Ne Sa eee 5. P. furfurea, Nyl. fuscous-black or black, when moist rubri- coso-nigricant or rubricoso-rufescent, granulato-areolate ; apothecta nearly urceolariform ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gela- tina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1864, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora, 1865. p. 353. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 286. a Prov ca Se ven fi COTLAND :—Summit of Ben Lawers!; near Loch T; di Diageo rn ch Tay and in Glen Dochart. 6. P. phylliscella Nyl. dark-brown, effuse, squamulose, sqwam- ules subverruculoso-unequal, subadnate, aggregated, but not con- tinuous, rotundato-deformed ; apothecia endocarpoid, very minute, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 15 5-15 in each thalline squamule ; epithecium punctiform, conco- lorous, with thalline margin; spores 8, oblongo-ellipsoid ; para- physes few, slender; gelatina hymenea I.bluish, and thece dark- violet. On quatzose boulders in sub-alpine streams, rare. 1870. Syn :— Nyl. in Flora, 1875 p. 102. Bor. Prov: —15. ScoTLanD fi eee Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870). ‘* Nearly allied to Pt. Tasmanica, ae Spores .005—7 mm. long, about .003 broad. Thalline squamules composed of minute coalescent granules. Sper- matia slender, oblong or fusiform-oblong” (Ny]l.) 7. P. hemalea, (Smrft) fuscescenti-rufous, crusteform, diffracto- rimose, granulato-rugose ; apothecia very much crowded, innate, plano-convex, shining, nigrescent, when moist clivaceo-fuscescent, thalline margin crenate, at length excluded. , On alpine rocks, rare. 1871. é ere: -Collema hemaleum, Smrft. Lapp. 117. (1826.) Stirton in Grevillea. @xoe, Disrrre :—Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—15. 26. Scortanp :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton (1871). IRELAND :—Doughruagh mountain, Galway. Mr, Larbalestier. 8. P. granatina, (Smrft.) fusco-rufescent, tartareous, effuse, rimoso-difract, granulose, granules rugoso-nodulose, somewhat plane, opake, often contiguous, rotundato-difformed ; apothecta minute, numerous in each thalline granule, internally whitish, reddish, shining, margin thin, entire, whitish ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid, simple, or spuriously l-septate; gelatina hymenea and thecee blue with iodine. On mountain rocks, very rare. 1865. Syn :—Smrft. Lapp. 90. (1826). Nyl. Lapp. or. 104. Crombie En. 2. Exs :—Fellm. 4. Grog. Distrrrs :—Russia, Lapland. Bor. Prov :—7, 15. Scortanp :—Ben Cruachan in Breadalbane. Rev. J, M. Crombie. (1865). Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. ‘ Wa es :—Cader Idris. Dr. Holl. “ Spores ,009 -.012 mm. long, .0045—.0055 mm. broad.” (yl. ) III. COLLEMA. Ach. Nyl. * Thallus very various, granula gonima moniliform, no distinct cortical layer. Apothecia rufescent, lecanorine. Spores 8, simple or variously divided, septate and murali-locular. * Spores unknown. 1. C. lchinodeum, Nyl. fuscous-black, lineart-laciniose, laciniee ligulate, 2-3-divided, apices obtuse, internally almost as in Hphebe but with small brown moniliform gonima; apothecia unknown. On decaying mosses on alpine rocks, rare. 1865. *In this cheg and Leptogium I have entirely followed the a rangement of Dr. Nylander and Mr, Crombie in Journ. Bot. (1874), 16 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Nyl. in Flora, 1869, p. 293. Carroll in Seem. Journ, Bot. 3. p. 287. Grog. Distr :—Prussia. Bor. Prov:—15. . i :—Summit of Ben Lawers! plentiful, but sterile. Adm. Jones. 65). Crombie Le. remarks that ‘‘ probably this species belongs to a distinct genus, which may be named Lichinopsis, though as the fructification is at present entirely unknown, it is best retained as constituting a separate section of Collema.” : ** Spores simple. Q 2. OC. chalazanum, Ach, black, difformi-lobate or laciniate, margins crenulato-granulate ; apothecta rufous, small, thalline margin tumid ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses slender ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine; spermatia slender, obtuse at each apex. On sub-alpine calcareous rocks, rare. 1834. Syn :—Ach. L.U. 633. (1810); Syn. 104. Nyl. Scand. 28, Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4. 22. Fic :—Hepp Sporen, t. 75 f. 661. Exs :—Zw. 164. Anzi Venet. 7. Hepp. 661. Gzoc. Distrip :—Germany, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—1 ..5...7...19, 20. Enouanp :—Cheddar. Mr. Borrer. St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol. Mr. Thwaites. ScoTLanD :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie IreLanp :—Near Dunkerron, Kerry, Mr. J. Taylor, (1834). Near Fermoy, Mr. T. Chandler. Wates :—Eglswg rocks! near Llangollen. ‘ Spores .020—28 mm. long, .010—13 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 3. C. chalazanodes, Nyl., similar to C. chalazanun, Nyl., but with much smaller often subglobose spores .012—17 mm. long, .008—.015 mm. broad. Thece clavate. On rocks. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora. 1869, p. 293. Groce. DistRis :—Norway. Crombie l.c. says ‘‘ Intermediate, as it were, between the preceding and the following species, with larger subglobose spores.” 4, C. myriococeum, (Ach.) black, difformi-lobate or laciniate, crenulato-lobate ; apothecia rufous, small, thalline margin tumid ; spores 8, colourless, sub-globose, simple, small. On mossy walls, rare. 1869. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora, 1860. p. 298. Crombie En. 4. Gesoc. Distr :—Norway. Bor. Prov :—1. 5. ENGLAND :—Bradley wood, near Newton Bushell, Devon ! Dr. Holl. (1869). Ablington, Barnsley Park, near Cirencester. Gloucestershire, Mr Joshua. Crombie l.c. remarks, ‘‘ this species is with difficulty to be distinguished from the two preceding ones, and probably all three are referable to one and the same variable species.” “Spores .009—012 mm. diam.” (yl) 5. C. confertum, Ach. nigricant, small, crowdedly and turgidly squamaulose, sqyuamules generally cyathoid or podetiform, nearly all fertile; apothecca (one in each thalline squamula or lobe, urceolate at the summit) subconcolorous, impressed, thalline margin tumid ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or fusiformi-ellip- soid, simple ; paraphyses slender ; gelatina hymenea and especially asci blue with iodine. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 17 On the earth, rare. 1810. Srv :—Ach, L.U, 634 (1810); Nyl. in Flora, 1867. p. 330, Bor. Prov :—4, EncLanp - -Yarmouth, Mr. D, Turner, (1810). Rottingdean, near Brighton. Mr. W. Joshua. “Spores .017—23, mm. long, .008—.010 mm. broad.” (yl. J *** Spores 3-septate. 6. C. ceraniscum, Nyl. brownish-olive, or greenish-black, coespt- tose, lacinrato-lobate, lobes dilated upwards, erect, crowded, Sasti- grate, elongato-cylindrical, obtuse ; apothecia pale brown, minute, plane, thalline margin smooth, thin, granulate ; spores 4, colour- less, broadly oblong, 3-septate or irregularly murali-locular. On earth in alpine localities, very rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 353. C. ceranoides, Mudd Man. 41, (non Borr.). Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3, 287. Bor. Prov. 15, ScortanpD :—Summit of Ben Lawers. Adm Jones, 7. C. auriculatum, Hffm. dark-green or darkly viridi-glauces- cent, rigid, opake, dilated, lobate, lobes somewhat imbricate, more or less granulose, irregularly repando-crenate; apothecia rufous, inate or emergent, margin thick, more or less granulose ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, 3-septate. On mossy walls in sub-alpine localities, rare. 1869. ie og ‘ao Fl. Germ, 2. p. 98 (1795). Nyl. Syn. 106. Crombie in Seem. Journ. Ot. o. '. Fic: —Scher. Enum. t, 10, f. 3. Exs :—Zw. 162. A.B. Scher. 432 Grog. DistRis :—Switzerland, France, Germany. Bor. Prov :—16, Scortanp :—Appin, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). Forma membranacea, Kplhb. thallus membranaceous. Scortanp :—Rare in S. W. Highlands near Inverary. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Var. pinguescens. Nyl. thallus thicker, lobes more divided. On shady walls and calcareous rocks, amongst decayed mosses, searce. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1872. p. 353. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n.s. 2. 133. ScottanD :—Finlarig, Killin, CraigTullocb, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Crombie l.c. states, ‘‘this, according to the authentic specimen ex herb. Sowerby in Herb, Mus. Erit. manu Borrer, is entirely identical with C. derma- tinum, Borr.” 8 C. furvum, Ach. dark fuscous-green or nigro-olivaceous, membranaceous, granulate, lobate, lobes complicate, often undulate, bloody-red with iodine ; apothecia fuscous, plane, thalline margin entire ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid or ellipsoid, 3-septate, irregu- larly murali-locular. On sub-alpine rocks, not unfrequent. 1741. Syw :—Ach. Prodr, 182. (1798). Nyl. Scand. 29. C. tuneforme, Ach, Syn. 332. Lichen granulatus, Sm. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1757. Exs :—Hepp. 414. ‘ Groce, DistR1B :—Europe, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3..5...7...10, 11,12...19...30. EneianpD :—Oxford. Dillenius. (1741). near Kirkby Lonsdale. Sir J. E. Smith. Shanklin. Rev. ZT. Salwey. Bolton Woods and Ingleborough, Yorkshire. Dr, g 18 THE LICHEN-FLORA Carrington. Frosterley ; and Stanhope, Wear Valley, Durham. Mr Mudd. 8. Devon; Isle of Wight ; Torquay. Dr. Holl. Pentregaer near Oswestry. Rev. T. Salwey. Amberly near Stroud. Mr. W. Joshua. Between Staplehurst and Boughton Monchelsea, and near Lympne, Kent. Mr. Holmes. TRELAND ;—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor, Killarney. Dr. Carrington. WALES :—Garregwen rocks. Mr. Griffith. set Crombie l.c. says, ‘‘The true plant, which is best distinguished by the reaction with I from other -species, with which it might be confounded, does not appear to be at all common in this country. The form tuneforme, Ach. is characterised merely by having the lobes of the thallus longer and more deeply incised.” 9. C. pulposum, (Bernh.) dark green or fusco-olivaceous, orbicu- lar, lobate, lobes subimbricate, often plicate; apothecia rufescent, moderate, plane, thalline margin entire ; spores 8, ovoid, 3-septate, often with longitudinal septa. On caleareous earth in sub-alpine places, not unfrequent. 1785, s eee :—Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1799, vol. 1. p. 7. Ach. Syn. 311. Nyl. cand. 30. Fic: —Bernh. 1. c. t. 1. f. 1. Scher. En. t. 10, f. 5. E. Bot. t. 834. Exs :—M. & N. 1057. Scheer. 428-430. Zw. 160, 161, 163, 165. Groc. Distr :—Central Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7...12...15...19...26...31, ENGLAND :—Oxford, Dr. Sibthorp. Cambridge, Rev. R. Relhan. (1785,) Cum- berland! M7s. Stanger. Clifftops, between Newhaven and Rottingdean ; Crocker Hill, Slindon; Horsham Church; Southover, Lewes; Hurstpierpoint; Tun- bridge Wells. Mr. Borrer. Budleigh Salterton. Prof. Dickie. near Keston Common; Wrotham; Wye; Folkestone; Shoreham; Sandwich; Kent. Afr. Holmes, Lydiard Tregoze, Wilts; Gloucestershire. Mr Joshua. Llanyblodwel Rocks ! Llanymynech Hill! High Rock, near Bridgnorth, Shropshire ! Scottanp :—Northern parts. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—On walls, frequent. Mr. Carroll, Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Ballinahinch! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. : ‘ CHANNEL Istanns :—Doyle Pillar, Guernsey, and common on all the Islands, Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .016—24 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Wy/l.) Forma granulatum, Sw. lobes of thallus and margins of apothecia more or less granulated. Tn limestone districts, frequent, rarely fertile. (Crombie lc.) Forma compactum, (Ach.) thallus closely imbricated ; apothecia immersed. nen Grote ope Cteae le Ua Pps. Forma hydrocharum, (Ach.) glaucous, thalline lobes thick, dis- crete, expanded and radiant, oval, repand and incised. On damp calcareous rocks, very sparingly and infertile. ScorLanpD :—Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie (I.c.) Var. ceranoides, Borr. olive-brown, sub-virescent, or nigricant, rotundato-pulvinular, lobate, lobes imbricated, ascending, dilated upwards, proliferous, narrowly and elongato-laciniate, lacinie sub- cylindrical, graniform, fastigiate, crowded, turgid; apothecia brown, sessile, convex, margin entire or crenulate or elongato- granulate ; spores 8, colourless, 3-septate. On chalk, rare. 1831. Syn:—Borrer in E. Bot. Suppl. 2704. (1831) ; Crombie En. 6. Fic :—E, Bot. Suppl. t. 2704. f. 2, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 19 Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5. ENGLAND :— Boxgrove, nearChichester. Mr. R. J. F, Thomas, (1831), Sussex Downs. Mr. Borrer. Henham, Essex. Mr. Forster. Llanforda garden wall, near Oswestry. Rev. T. Salwey, near Cirencester. Minchinhampton Common. Mr. Joshua. near High Elms, Chelsfield, Kent, My. Holes. CHannet Istanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. z Crombie Le. says, ‘“ This, according to the fragment of the original specimen in Herb. Sowerby, attached to the fig. drawn for E. Bot. Suppl. seems to be referable to the present species, but the characters of the plant in Herb. Borrer at: Kew are not. very definite.” Var. pulposulum, Nyl. much smaller than the type, minutely granuloso-lobulate, subeffuse ; apothecia with an entire thalline margin. On the earth, very rare. Syv:—Nyl. Egypt. p. 1. ENGLAND ooNene Cirencester, Mr. Joshua, Var. tenax, Ach. darkly glaucescent or virescent; apothecia rufous, znnate, thalline margin less prominent. On earth, in upland mountainous districts, rare. 1811. Syn:—Ach. Syn. 814. (1817). Nyl. Scand. 30. Fic :—E. Bot. 2349, Hepp Sporen t. 11, f. 87. Exs :—Leight. 105, 290, Mudd 1. Hepp 87. Geoe. Distris :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...10...16 ..19. ENGLAND :—Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Ayton! Cleveland. M7. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. ScornanD :—Appin. Rev. J M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Blackstone Bridge. co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—North Wales. Rev. Hugh Davies, (1811). Barmouth ! Between Llan- gollen and Corwen ! 10. C. subplicatile, Nyl. in Flora 1873, p 364. C. plicatile, Arn. in Flora 1867 pro. p. ScotLanp :—Appin. Rev. J. M, Crombie. Of this I have seen no speciinen, nor has any diagnosis been published. Crombie 1. c. says, ‘‘ sufficiently similar to C. pu/posum, but with much larger spores.” 11. C. lémosum, Ach. dark green, thin, appressed, lobes small, scattered, thick and pulpy when moist, slightly crenulate ; apothecia rufous, plane, moderate, margin prominent, entire or slightly crenu- late ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, 3-septate, with occasional longi- tudinal septa. On wet clayey soil, not unfrequent. 1831. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 639. Syn. 309. Nyl. Scand. 30. Fie :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2704. f. 1. Grog. Disrrip :—France, Sweden. Bot. Prov :—2, 3...5...7. ENGLAND :—Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. (1831). near Wooton-under- Edge. Mr. W. Joshua. near Chelsfield, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Wates :—Nevin ! : . ; Crombie l.c. says, ‘easily recognised from the allied species by the adgluti- nated evanescent thallus and the appressed thinly-margined apothecia.” 12. C. erispum, (Huds.) olivaceo-virescent or fusco-virescent, orbt- cular, lobato-diaided or subradiate, margin granulate and crenate ; apothecia darkly rufescent, thalline margin granulate ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, 3-septate, irregularly muriformi-locular. On gravelly earth, frequent. 1831. 20 THE LICHEN-FLORA Sry :—Huds. Fl. Angl. 447. (1762.) Ach. Syn. 312; Nyl. Scand, 30. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. t..2716. f. 1. Dill. t. 19. £, 23, Exs :—Leight. 106. Mudd 2. Zw. 159. Fellm. 7, Grog. Distris :—N., and Central Europe. Bort. Prov .—1, 2, 3...5...10, 11 14, 15, 16...19, 20...31. Encianp :—Sussex. Mr. Burrer. (1831); Coatham Marshes, near Redcar, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Dawlish. Mr. Parfitt. Hudshead, Berwick-on-Tweed. Dr. G. Johnston. Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Westerham ; Chelsfield, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Scortanp:—Appin and Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie, near Edinburgh, Dr. Greville. Forfarshire. Mr. G. Don. IRELAND :— On limestone rocks and walls, common. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLANDs :—Shore of Herm. L’Etacq, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Var. cristatulum, Nyl. thallus microphylloid. Herm. Mr. Larbalestier. Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. 13. C. cheileum, Ach. dark-olive or fusco-nigricant, lobate or crenato-granulose ; apothecia rufous, plane, moderate, thalline mar- gin granulate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, 3-septate, or submurali-divided. On walls and calcareous rocks, frequent. Syn :—Ach, Syn, 310. Nyl. Scand. 31, Fic :—Hepp Sporen t, 105, f. 923. Exs :—M. & N. 1056, 456. Nyl. 4. Scher. 425, Zw. 157, 158, Mudd 3. Hepp 923. Larbal. 52. : Groc. Distr1B :—Central Europe, Sweden, Algeria, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5, 6...10.. 15...19...31. Encuanp :—Pinchingthorpe, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Torquay. Mr. Parfit. near Hastings; and near Shanklin, Isle of Wight, Dr. Holl. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Postling; Maidstone; Wrotham; Boughton Monchelsea ; Sevenoaks; Brastead, Kent. Mr. Holmes. ScorLanD :—Northern parts, Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killarney. Mr. Hardy. WaAtsEs :—Pyle, Glamorgan. Dr Holl. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Quenvais, Jersey, and common on all the islands, M7. Larbalestier. Forma nudum, (Scher.) thalline lobes broader, egranulose. Scortanp :—Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—South parts, Forma monocarpon, (Duf.) thallus microphylline or nearly obliterated ; apothecia with a crenulate thalline margin. Syw:—Nyl. Syn. p. 111. (1858.) Grog. DISTRIB —France. Bor. Prov:—5, Encuanp :—Near Cirencester. Mr, Joshua. 14. C. meleenum, Ach. nigricant or nigro-olivaceous, orbiculate, laciniate, lacinice elongate, convex beneath, margins elevated, undulato- erispate, crenate, sometimes complicate ; apothecia reddish-brown, plane or somewhat concave, thalline margin crenulate ; spores 8, -colourless, ovoid, 2-3-septate and longitudinally divided, irregularly murali-locular ; gelatina hymenea intense blue with iodine. On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1741. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 315. (1817). Ny]. Scand. 29. C. multifidum. Scher. En, 254. Lichen marginalis, Huds. Fl). Angl. 534, Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1924. Exs :—M. & N. 455. Zw. 154, 155. Geog. Disrris :—Central Europe, Germany, Pyrenees, Scandinavia, Bor, Prov :—1...5...7, 8.,.10, 11 . 14...17,..19...26, 27...30, 31. if OF GREAT BRITAIN: 21 ENGLAND :—Derbyshire ; near Settle and Kirby Lonsdale, Yorkshire. Sir J. E. Smith. Lucton, co. Hereford. Mr. Littleton Brown. (1741). Northern Counties. Mr. Hudson. Ee near Oswestry. Rev. 1'. Salwey. Teesdale. Mr. Robert- son. St. Michael’s, Torquay. Mr. Borrer. Berwick-on-Tweed. Dr. Johnston. Totness Castle ; North Bovey and Ilsington, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston.. Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Abdon! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Highlands. Sir J. E. Smith. Coygach, Sutherlandshire. Mr. Borrer. near Edinburgh. Mr. Stewart. IRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Bantry. Miss Hutchins, near Galway.. Dr. Moore. Middleton, near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Bulben, Sligo. Dr. Dickie. ee :—Caernarvon. Mr. Hudson. near Cefn House, Denbighshire. Mr. iffith. ‘ HANNEL IsLanpDs :—Quenvais and La Moie, Ji ersey ! Mr. Larbalesticr. “Spores .021—27 mm. long, .009—.011 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Forma marginale, (Huds.) imbricate, multifid, dentato-crenate ; apothecia marginal, plane, nigro-fuscous. On rocks. Syn :—Huds. Fl. Angl. 534. (1778.) EneLanD :—Shipton, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Forma jacobeifoliwn, (Schrank.) lobes deeply laciniate, laciniz radiant, straight, narrow, elongate, broader outwards, lacero- pinnatifid ; apothecia marginal. Syn :—Schrank. Fl. Bau. 530. IRELAND :—South-western portions, Crombie. 1.c. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Crombie. lc. Forma gyrosum, Ach. lobes gyroso-complicate ; apothecia marginal. ScotLanpD :—Craig Tulloch, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Var. complicatum, Schl. Scheer. laciniz elongate, somewhat con- cave, imbricato-lobulate, lobes complicate, margins entire ; apothecia large. On calcareous rocks, frequent. Syn :—Scher. Enum, 255, (1850) ; Crombie En. 5. Fie :—Scher. En. t. 10, f. 4. Exs :—Scher. 418, 419. Grog. DistriB :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov. :—16. EneLanp :—Teesdale. Mr. Baker. ScotranpD :—Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 15. C. hypergenum, Nyl. nearly similar to C. melenum, but with larger spores .026—36 mm. long, .010—16 mm. broad. On calcareous rocks. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 232. ; ase :—Tullywhee Bridge, Kylemore, Connemara. Mr, Larbalestier. 16. C. granuliferum, Nyl. nigricant or nigro-olivaceous, orbiculate, firm, sprinkled more or less with isidiose globules, laciniate, lacinie in a dry state on the under surface often longitudinally and crowdedly thinly rugulose-plicate ; apothecia moderate, reddish, thalline margin at length subcrenate ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 3-septate, sometimes with 1—2 connecting septules. On old walls and calcareous rocks, rarely among mosses on the ground bL bo THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Nyl. in Flora. 1875. p. 103. Geroc. Distr1s :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—3...5...15. ENGLAND :—Cheddar Cliffs. Mr. Joshua. Leigh Woods and Kingsbridge. Mr. Holmes. ScoTLanp :—Appin. Rer. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killarney. Mr. Hardy. “In general aspect somewhat similar to C. melenum, Ach. Spores 0.025—32 mm. long. 0.008—12 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) - Forma meizolobum, Nyl. lobes of thallus larger. Syn :—C. daccidum, var. microlobum, Nyl. Crombie Enum. 5. Leight. Lich. Fl. 2d ed. 26. IRELAND :—Muckruss, Killarney, Mr. Hardy. Forma minor, Cromb. thallus poorly developed, resembling C. pulposum, f. granulatum, Sw. 17. C. granuliforme, Nyl. fuscous-black, gr anulato-areolate, form” ing dilated patches, areole small, granuliform or subverrucose apothecia unknown. On granitic rocks, very rare, 1876. Syn :—NylL a Scand. p. 28. (1861.) Bor. Prov :—26. ag :—South side of Kylemore Lake, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876 18. C. cristatum, (Hoffm.) Scher. blackish-green, coriaceous, laciniate, closely adnate, when moist turgescent and olive-green, lacinice abbreviate, somewhat broad, imbricato-aggregate, margins undulate, crispato-crenulate, extremities inciso-crenate ; apothecia fuscous, large, superficial. On calcareous rocks. aN :—Hoffm. me a 2. p. 101. (1791.) Scher. En. 255, Fic :—Dill t. 19 Crombie l.c. ae 7 Differs from the preceding (C. melenum.), though perhaps en a sub-species, in the imbricato-aggregated lacinie, and the slightly erent character of the spores, probably not very rare in upland tracts, S shone till recently, overlooked as a British plant.” 19. C. polycarpon, (Scher.) nigricant or nigro-olivaceous, orbi- cular, lacime radiant, nearly undivided, narrow, margins thickened and elevated ; apothecia very numerous, covering nearly the entire thallus, reddish-brown, plano-convex, thalline margin entire, paler, thickish, elevated, or somewhat incurved; spores 8, colourless, elongato-ovoid, 2-3-septate, cells nucleolate. On calcareous rocks, rare. Syn :—Krplhb. Ges. 2. 577. (1869) Korb. Par. 417, bls in Journ, Bet. n.s. 2.133. Parm. multifida var. polycarpa, Scher. Spic. 53 Fic :—He epp Sporen t. 105. f. 919. Arnold in Flora 1867. zs 3. £. 67 Exs :—-Scher. 421. Hepp 919. Anzi Langob. 4. Th. M. Fries ‘Steed Se 49. Groce. Distr :—Scandinavia, Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, Bavaria. Bort. Prov :-5...16. re :—Cheddar Cliffs ; near Kendal, near Oaksay, Gloucestershire. Mr. oshua. ScotLanD :—Appin, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Crombie Le. says, “Distinguished by the pulyinate thallus, and the spores at length 3-septate. s : . : tt 20. C. Laurert, (Fw. Krb.) dark-olivaceous, membranaceo-carti- laginous, subflaccid when moist, centrifugal, inciso-lobate, lacinior OF GREAT BRITAIN. 23 undulate, lobulate, margins erect, under surface albo-sibrillose ; apothecia moderate, scattered, numerous, very shortly stipitate, reddish-brown, plane, proper margin very thin and obscure, thalline margin thickish, granuloso-rugulose ; spores 8, colourless, Lincart- oblong, 3-septate. On stone-walls, rare. Syn :—Korb. 8. L. G. 414. (1855); Arnold in Flora 1867 p. 135. Crombie in Journ, Bot. n.s. 2. 133. Synechoblastus complicatus, Mudd Man. 44. (in part). : x Be eee lic. t. Lf. 6. Hepp Sporen, t. 106, f. 931. Arnold in Flora 1867. Exs :—Hepp 931. Anzi Langob. 5. Groc. Distr :—Pyrenees, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov:—11. Encianp :—Near High Force Inn, Teesdale, Durham. Mr. Mudd. Crombie 1. c. says, ‘‘ Distinguished by having the thallus broader, and the spores 3-septate and obtuse at either apex, but apparently a somewhat doubtful British lichen.” EK Spores pluriseptate. 21. C. stygium, (Del.) black, laciniate, lacinize deeply incised, rotundato-lobate at the extremities; apothecia atro-rufous. On stone walls, and calcareous rocks, rare. Syn :—Scher. Spic. 544, (1840). Arnold in Flora 1867, p, 185 and 141. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 2. p. 132. Fig :—Whlnb. N. Act. Stockh. 27. p. 145, t. 4. £. 5. Flora 1867, t. 3. £. 69—72. Grog. Distr1s :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...11,...12...26. ENGLAND :—Near High Force Inn, Teesdale, Durham. Mr. Mudd. near Kendal, Westmoreland. Mr. Martindale. Shipton! Ablington! Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. IrEvanb :—Kylemore Lake, Mr. Larbalestier. Crombie 1. c. says, “Similar to the preceding species, but with 3-5-septate spores. 22. C. flaccidum, Ach. dark-green or fuscous-green, membrana- ceous, undulato-plicate, lobate, lobes large, expanded, flexuose ; apothecia rufescent, plane, margin entire ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid or broadly fusiformi-oblong, 4-6-septate. : On rocks and walls and trees in mountainous districts, uot unfrequent, but rare in fruit. 1783. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 322. (1817). Nyl. Scand. 29. Fia:—E, Bot. t. 1653. ‘ Exs :—M. & N. 1059. Zw. 166. Scher. 412. Leight. 345. Grog. DistriB:—Europe. Bor, Prov :—1, 2...5...7...10...12...15...19, 20...26, 27...30. : Ena@uanp :—Westmoreland. Sir J. E. Smith. (1783). Devonshire. Mr. Dickson. Pyecombe, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Sidmouth., Rev. T. Salwey. Bolton Woods. Dr. Carrington. near Exeter. Adm. Jones. Rievaulx, Yorkshire. Af. Baker. Holwick, Yorkshire. Mr. Robertson, Plymouth and Budleigh Salterton. Mr. Parfitt, Lianymynech Hill! Llanyblodwel Rocks ! Shropshire. : Scornanp :—Northern parts. Mr. Dickson. Kinnoull Hill, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Kenmore, Perthshire. Dr. Holl. Reeky Linn ; Clova. Mr. G. Don. IRELAND :—Bantry, Miss Hutchins. Mallow and Castlemartyr, co. Cork, Mr. Carroll. Moyne Abbey, co. Mayo and Ben Bulben, Sligo. Dr. Dickie. Killarney. Dr, Pana Agusles Bridge, Lagan Canal. Di, Moore, Kylemore Lake, M7. Larbalestier. Waxes :—Trecastle ; Cader Idris. Mr. Ralfs. Harlech. Mr. Borrer. Cors- ygedol; Rhaiadr Du, near Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. Barmouth ! Bettws-y- coed! Tremadoc! . CuanneL Istanps:—St. Martin’s, Jersey. Mr Larbalestier. “Spores .023—28 mm. long, .007—010 mm. broad.” ( Nyl. ) 24 THE LICHEN-FLORA 23. C. fasciculare, (Linn.) dark-green or fuscovirescent, suborbt- cular, crenato-lobulate, generally in erect, sub-podicellate conglomer- ations, dilated upwards, (with iodine blood-red) ; apothecta rufes- cent, crowded, biatorine, somewhat convex, margin thin, undulate ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-septate. On old trees, rare. 1741. Syn :—Liehen fascicularis, Linn. Mant. 2. 133. (1771). Collema conglomeratum. Hffm. Fl. Germ. p. 102. (1795); Ach. Syn. 317. Nyl. Syu. 115. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1162. Nyl. Syn. t. 3, f. 1. Exs :—Zw. 167. Nyl. 102. Gero. DistriB :—Central Europe, France, Germany. # Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4...7...11, 12, 13...15, 16. EncGLanp :—St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; Oxford. Dillenius. (1741). Amble- side, Westmoreland. Sir. J. E. Smith. Gogmagog Hills; Newmarket Heath ; Cambridge. Rev R. Relhan. N.E. side of Stiperstones, Shropshire. Rev. E. Williams. ScorLanD :—Near Lake Katrine ; Appin ; Fort William. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Aberfeldy, and near Kenmore. Dr. Holl. Forfarshire. M7. G. Don. Dumfries- shire. Dr. Burgess. Barcaldine in Lorn, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Nant Glyn, Denbighshire. Mr Griffith. Spores .016—29 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” ( Nyl. ) Crombie 1. c. remarks, ‘‘ Easily recognized by the fasciculate lobules of the thallus and the biatorine apothecia.” 24. C. multipartitum, Sm. fusco-olivaceous or nigrescent, laciniate, radiate, lacinie narrow, multifid, somewhat convex, lobato-partite at the apex, lobes divergent ; apothecia atro-rufous, moderate, plane, thalline margin thickish, even; spores 8, colourless, cylindrical, curved, oleoso-locular ; paraphyses thick, pauci-articulate. On sub-alpine calcareous rocks, not unfrequent. 1782. Syy :—Sm_E. Bot. 2582. (1814); Nyl. Syn. 116. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2582. Nyl. Syn. t. 2. f. 8. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7, 8...10, 11, 12. .16...19...26.. 28, EncianD :—Kendal, Westmoreland. Sir J. E. Smith. (1782.) Devonshire. Adm. Jones. Moelydd and Pentregaer, near Oswestry. Rev. 7. Salwey. Cheddar ; Weathercote, Yorkshire. Mr. Borrer. Middleton Beck, Durham. M7. Robertson. Buxton. Dr. Holl. near Yatton, Somerset ; Barnsley Park, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Abdon Burf ! Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire, Scortanp :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. TRELAND :—Killarney. Sir 7. Gage. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Middleton, near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Sheepwalk, Armagh. Adm, Jones. Castle Taylor, Galway. Dr. Moore. Lough Inagh and Ballynakill Bay, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—lLittle Orme’s Head ! Eglwyseg rocks ! ‘* Spores .028—48 mm. long. .007 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 25. C. nigrescens, (Huds.) nigro-virescent, thin, membranaceous, submonophyllous, orbicular, depressed, rotundato-lobate, radiato- rugoso-plicatulate, naked or granulate, ascending in the centre, depresso-adnate at the circumference; apothecia dark-rufous, plane, small, crowded, thalline margin entire ; spores 8, colourless, fusiformi-cylindrical, pluri-septate. On old trees, not unfrequent. 1741. Syn :—Huds. Fl. Angl. 450. (1762). Linn. orp 1, Pl. p. 451. (1781); Ach. Syn. 321. Nyl. Syn. 114, Lichen vespertilio, Lightf. Scot. p. 840. Tia Him, PL Lich. 37,823. °° : ce ae &N. a Eeielia 104, oer 410. £oG. DistRIB :—Europe, Algeria, erica, Asia, Pol: i i . Bor. Prov -—1, 2. 3,4 6..7...14, 15,31 ee eee ne NGLAND :—Bagley Wood, near Oxford. Dillenius, (1741). Skot at - tions, near Oxford. Dr. Sibthorp, Cambridgeshire. Tow ee near Bumee OF GREAT BRITAIN, 25 Mr. Woodward. near Holsworthy, Devon. Mr. Newberry. Sussex. Mr Borrer. Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Malvern; Sussex; Isle of Wight; 8S. Devon; and Corn- wall generally. Dr. Holl. Clapham; Kempston, Beds. Rev. C. Abbot. Pontes- ford Hill and Pulverbatch, Shropshire. Rev. FE. Williams. North Bovey, Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones, Kemble, Gloucestershire. Mr, Joshua, near Penshurst; Beechborough ; near Halstead, Kent. Mr, Holmes, ScotLanD :—Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Kenmore and Killin, Perthshire. Dr. Holl. near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Reeky Linn ; Den of Glam- mis; Glen Dole, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Irevanb :—On old trunks frequent. Mr Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanDS :—Guernsey. Rev. JT. Salwey. Jersey and Guernsey, frequent ; Seigneurie, Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .034—42 mm. long, .005 mm. broad.” ( Wyl. ) 26. C. aggregatum, Ach. nigro-virescent, membranaceo-lobate, rigid, plicate, not radiato-rugose, nor appressed, difformed, lobes crenate, margin granuloso-crispate ; apothecia rufous, crowded, moderate, plane, thalline margin thin, entire ; spores 8, colourless, fusiformi-cylindrical, straight or curved, pluri-septate. On old trees and rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 317. (1817); Nyl. Syn. 115. Fic :—Nyl. Syn. t. 2. £. 9. Exs :—M. & N. 453. Geroc. Distris :—Europe, Asia, America, Polynesia. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3 ..19. EncGuanp :—Henfield, Sussex. Adm. Jones. near Exeter and near Tunbridge Wells. Kev. J. M. Crombie. TreLanp :—Killarney. Dr. Moore. “Spores .083—65 mm. long, .00!—.005 mm. broad.” (Myl.) 27. C. terrulentum, Nyl. olive-brown, thin, granulose ; apoth- ecia spadiceo-reddish, small, margined by the thallus ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid, 5-septate, submurali- divided ; gelatina hymenea and especially thecze I. bluish. On old ash-trees. 1874. Sy :—Nyl. in Flora. 1874, p. 305, Geoc. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp :—Loch Katrine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1874), “ Spores 0,018—24 mm. long, 0 010—12 mm. broad.” IV. LEPTOGIUM. Ach. Thallus very various, thin, granula gonima moniliform, cortical layer cellulose, distinct. Apothecia lecanorine or sub-biatorine. Spores 8, variously septate or divided. 1. LZ. biatorinum, Nyl. fuscous or fusco-virescent, granuloso- lobulate, imbricate ; apothecia rufescent, biatorine, moderate, wrceo- late, gyalectiform ; spores 8, hyaline, ovoid, 3-4-septate, sparingly longitudinally divided; gelatina hymenea and asci blue with iodine. Ge On mossy walls, chiefly in chalk districts, rare, 1866. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 22. (1857) ; Syn. 110. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4, 22. Geroc Distr1p :—France. Bor. Prov :—3...31. as ENGLAND :—Maidstone, Kent. Adm. Jones, (1866.) ‘‘ Pretty generally distri- buted in S. and W. England.” fev. J. M. Crombie. near Selling, Kent. If. Holmes. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Under Fort Essex, Alderney. M1, Larbalestier, “ Spores .025—28 mm. long. .011—12 mm. broad.” (Ny. ) 26 THE LICHEN-FLORA 2. L. microphyllum, Ach. darkolive or fuscous-green, microphylline, imbricated, lobes granulato-crenate, minute, often verrucoso-diffract, effuse ; apothecia pallido-rufescent, small, crowded, wurceolato- concave, thalline margin nearly concolorous, entire; spores 8, colourless, ovoideo-ellipsoid, 3-septate ; gelatina hymenea blue with iodine. On old elms, rare, 1810. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 630. (1810) ; Syn. 310. Nyl. Syn. 113. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2721. Exs :—M. & N. 948. Zw. 168. Nyl. 5. Scher. 411. Leight, 258. Praag Distr :—Central Europe, France, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, geria. Bort. Prov :—1, 3, 4, 5...10. Encianp :—Near Bury St. Edmund’s, Suffolk. Rev. G. R. Leathes. (1810). Dunsford near Exeter, Devon, Mr Parfitt. Ingleby Park, Cleveland. Mr Mudd. Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Danny ; Ockley Green, Surrey. Mr. Borrer. near Worcester. Dr. Holl. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—St. Martin’s Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Crombie L.c. states that ‘‘ the two preceding species form a natural transition between Collema and Leptogium, the thallus having the structure of Leptogiuim, while the apothecia are those of Collem«a.” “ Spores .016—24 mm. long. .008—.010 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 3. L. amphineum, (Ach.) Nyl. olivaceous or fusco-virescent, adnate, slightly spread about or subcrustzform, unequal, scarcely truly lobate ; apothecia obscurely rufescent, small, somewhat concave ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or ellipsoideo-ovoid, 3-septate and variously divided. On the earth, sparingly. 1872. Syn:—Nyl. Scand. 32. (1861) ; Crombie in Journ. Bot. u. s. 2. 133. Geoc. Distar :—Scandinavia. Bort. Prov :—1...5, Encianp :--Newlyn Cliff! near Penzance, Cornwall. Mr Curnow. near Stroud, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. “Spores .023—27 mm. long. .009-—-.011 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) 4. L. rhyparodes, Nyl. fuscous or fusco-nigrescent, furfuraceous, thin, or subgranulose, diffuse, vinous-red with iodine ; apothecia concolorous or rarely rufescent, small, somewhat plain and even- tually biatorine ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, one or both apices attenuate, submurali-divided ; paraphyses slender ; gelatina hy- menea blue with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1863. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1857. p. 210. Carroll in Seem. J . 2 ‘. C. psorelium, Leight. Lich. Fl. 24 ed, p. 28. Sen OURS ete ee ee at Prov ae noe SCOTLAND :—Near summit of Ben Lawers! Adin. Jones. e a nacat B,J us or a : m. Jones. (1864), Above Loch rombie l.c. says ‘‘in its less developed and more obscure state, as on the summit of Ben Lawers, originally named by Nyland ‘ Flore 1865. p. 602.” y y Ny: er Collema psorellum. 5. L. tenamssimum, (Dicks.) fusco-virescent, imbricated, micro- phylline, digitato-multifid, lacinve linear, unequal, subciliate ; apothecia biatorine, urceolate, margin entire, thick, paler ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid or oblong, irregularly murali-locular. On mossy earth, not common. 1782, Syn :—Dicks. Br. Crypt. 1.12. (1875); Nyl. S f i Scand. 33. (not tenivssimum, Nyl. wee ea) end Sk, Hecponatenig Nel OF GREAT BRITAIN. 27 Fie :—Dicks. |. c. t. 2. £. 8. Nyl. Syn. t. 4. f. 10. Exs :—Scher. 408. Hepp 211. Mudd 4. Grog. Distr1p:—France, Sweden, Finland, Germany. Bot. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5 ..7...10...15...19...28. EnauanD :—Norwich. Mr. Crowe. (1782). Ditchingham, Norfolk. Mr. Woodward. uear Yarmouth. Mr. D. Turner. near Hasby ! Cleveland. Mr, Mudd. Sidmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. Twineham, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. near Hastings ; and Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Inworth, Essex. My. Varenne. near Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. ScorLanp :—Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Ire.anp :—Midleton, near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Armagh. Adm. Jones. Watss :—Crib-y Ddescil, and Clogwyn-y-Garnedd, Snowdon. Mr. Griffith. Glyder Vach. Mr. Lees. ‘Spores .024—34 mm. long. .011—13 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 6. L. fragile, (Tayl.) dark-olive or fusco-olévaceous, firm, laciniato-lobate, rosulate, lobes radiate, crenate, convex, granuloso- unequal ; granula gonima variously dispersed, rarely moniliform ; apothecva pale brown, wrceolato-innate, at length nearly plane, thalline margin thickish ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, variously divided. On sub-alpine calcareous rocks, very rare. Syn :—Oollema, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2, 109; Leptogium, Nyl. Syn. 120. Exs :—Arn, 156. Bor. Prov :—19 TRELAND :—Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor, Crombie l.c. remarks that ‘‘this rare Irish species is externally somewhat similar to young states of Collema multipartitum, but the character of the cortical stratum and of the apothecia is widely different.” “Spores .029 mm. long. .013 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 7. L. cretaceum, Sm. oltvaceo-fuscous or olive-brown, microphy- lline, rosulato-lobulate or stellato-laciniate, lobes unequally crenate, somewhat imbricate ; granula gonima simple, rarely moniliform ; cortical layer rather indistinct ; apothecia rufous, nearly biatorine, concave or gyalectiform, small, margin paler; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, variously divided, 3-7-septate, with longitudinal septa. On chalk and flint, excessively rare. 1800. * Syn: —Sm. E. Bot. 738. (1800); Ach. Syn. 318. Nyl. Syn. 120. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 738. Geroc. DisTRrB :—France. Bot. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5. : ENGLAND :—Eastern Counties. Dr. Nochden. (1800). Kent and Sussex. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Reigate Hill, Surrey, near Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. On the Undercliff, near Folkestone, Kent. Mr. Holmes, near Lewes, Sussex. Mr, Unwin. “ Spores .022—40 mm. long. .011—17 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 8. L. pusillum, Nyl. olivaceo-fuscescent or virescenti-fuscous, most minute, adnate, lobulato-granulose; granula gonima few, moniliform ; cortical layer rather indistinct ; apothecia rufescent, minute, elevated, prominent, in a thalline excipulum whose margin is concolorous with the epithecium ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, or narrower at either apex, 3-4-septate. On old walls, very rare. 1867. Syn :—Nyl. Syn. 121. (1861); Scand. 33. Crombie En. 7. Exs :—(forma effusa) Arn. 356 Larbal. 54. Groc. DistR1s :—Sweden, Germany. « Bor. Prov :—1...5...31. : EncGuanp :—( Forma effusa,) Bath. Dr, Holl. near Cirencester. J/r. Joshua, 28 THE LICHEN-FLORA CuanneL Istanps:—(forma effusa) St. Brelade’s! St. Peter’s, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. (1867.) Crombie l.c. remarks that ‘‘the structure of the thallus is almost as in L. biatorinum and L. microphyllum, but distinguished from the former by the thalline excipulum and the character of the spores.” ‘* Spores .018—26 mm. long. .008—.010 mm. broad.” (Nyl. ) 9. ZL. lacerum, (Ach.) plumbeo-fuscescent, membranaceous, longitudinally rugulose or plicatulate, lacero-laciniate, margins ciliato- dentate or dentate and crisped ; apothesia pallido-rufous, moderate, rare, margin thick, smooth ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid or narrower at either apex, murali-locular. On mossy rocks and walls, frequent. 1741. Syw :—Ach, Prodr. 133, (1798) ; Nyl. Syn. 122, Scand, 33. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1982. Nyl. Syn. t. 2. f£. 6. Hepp Sporen. t. 106, f. 928. Exs : -Scher. 404. Mudd 5, Zw. 172, M. & N. 1061. Anzi Langob. 11. Lar- bal. 4. Hepp 928. Gzoc. D anets :—Central Europe, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Pyrenees, France, Italy, Algeria, N. America, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7, 8...12, 13, 14, 15,...19...26, 27...30, 31, ENGLAND .—Westmoreland. Sir J. E. Smith, Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford. Dr. Sibthorp. Baysdale! Mulgrave Castle! Cleveland, Yorkshire, Mr. Mudd. Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Charnwood Forest! and Bardon Hill! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Whitestone Cliff ! near Thirsk. Afr. Baker, Cutcombe ! Somerset. Fev. W. A. Coleman. Near Linton! Devon. Mr. Lees. Cheddar; Eshing, near Godalming. Mr. Borrer. Budleigh Salter- ton. Prof. Dickie. near Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. near Cirencester, Mr. W. Joshua. Hungershall Rocks, Kent. Mr. Jenner. Eynesford ; Wrotham 3. Ightham ; Folkestone, Kent. Mr. Holmes, Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Grampians. Rev J. M. Crombie. Den of Glammis; Den of Balthayock. Mr. W. Gardiner. High Ashes, Leith Hill. Mr Borrer. Craiglock- hart, Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Den of Glammis? Airlie; Glen Dole; Hocky Linn, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Grey Mare’s Tail, Moffat. Dr. Nichol. Berwickshire ! Sir W. C .Trevelyan. IRELAND :—Common. Mr. Carroll. Benbulben ! co, Sligo. Dr. Moore. Collin Glen ! Belfast, Dr. Lickie, Killarney. Dr. Carrington, Ballynakill Churchyard walls! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates : —Garn eee Denbighshire, Mr. Griffith. The Torrent Walk, Dolgelley ! Mr. Lees. Dollymellyn; Garth Isaf, Merionethshire. Mr. Borrer. Eglwyseg Rocks! Bettws-y-Coed! Tremadoc ! . eee IsLanps :—Quenvais, Jersey! Mr Larbalesticr, Guernsey. Rev. 7, ‘alwey. “Spores .084—48 mmm. long. .010—16 mm. broad.” (Nyt). Forma jimbriatum, Hoffm. (Fl. Germ. 104, Dill. t. 19. f. 31. ¢) lobes broader and more entire, margins densely fimbriate and ciliate, colic eacessively branched. Coln Rogers and Cowcombe Wood, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Derry- clare Island! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, Killin. Rev J. M. Crombie. “Probably not very jrare, but scarcely ever seen in a fertile condition.” Crombie l. ¢. Var. pulvinatum, (Hffm.) dark brown, smaller, pulvinate, lobes minute, much crowded, denticulato-laciniate. On mossy rocks, &c., not common. Syn :—Hftm. Fl. Germ. 2, 1104. (1795), Exs:—Scher. 406. M. & N. 687. Larbal. 55. Hepp 929. Grog. DistRIB :—Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...7. 8...11, 12...16.. 28...30, 31. Eneianp :—Shropshire Rev. ZT. Salwey, White Ladies, Aston! and near Warndon! Worcester. Dr. Holl. Twycross! Leicestershire. Rev. A, Bloxam, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 29 Teesdale. Mr. Robertson. Malvern Hills and near Ankerdine, Worcestershire. Dr. Holl. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. SoornanpD :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Iretanp:-—Armagh. Adm. Jones. Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Deer Park, Belfast ! Prof. Dickie. Watuss :—Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Eglwyseg Rocks ! CuanneL IsLANDSs :—-Quenvais, Jersey ; Herm; Mr, Larbalestier, Var. lopheum, Ach. thallus still smaller, elongated, ciliato- dissected or ramoso-fimbriate, sterile. On mossy rocks &c., rare. Syn .—Ach. L. U. 651. (1810) ; Syn. 324. Nyl. Syn. 122. Exs ;—Anzi Langob. 412. a. Geog. DistriB .—Italy, Russia. Bor. Prov :—5...16...31. gp oneane :—Near Malvern, Dr. Holl, Cowcombe Wood, Gloucestershire. M7, ‘oshua. Scortanp -—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie CHANNEL IsLANDS :—‘“‘ Sparingly in Channel Islands.” Crombie. 1. c. Var. intermedium, Arn., aspect intermediate between dacerum and tremelloides. EncLanp :—Near Chalford, Gloucestershire; near Arundel, Sussex. Mr. Joshua 10. L. sebtile, (Schrad.) dark dull green, microphy'line, laciniate, lacinice variously dissected, narrow, elongato-lobate, imbri- cated, internally entirely cellulose; apothecia pallido-rufescent, small, concave, yyalectovl, margin thin, entire ; spores 8, colour- less, ovoid, 3-5-septate with longitudinal septa. On the earth, rare. 1791. Syn :—Schrad. Spic. 95 (1794); Nyl. Syn. 121. Fic :—E Bot. t 1008. Mudd Man t. 1.f. 8. Exs :—Nyl. 2. Zw. 175. Grog. DistriB :—Central Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...10...19...31 Enoranp :—Near Hale End, Walthamstow; Epping Forest. Mr. Edward Forster. (1791). Coltishall, Norfolk. Mr. D. Turner. Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Rev. T. Salwey. near Ayton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Hall, Henfield, Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Newbury, near Worcester. Dr. Holl. near Hixeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Wooton-under-Edge and Cowcombe Wood, Gloucestershire, Mr. Joshua. between Rusthall Common and the High Rocks near Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Jenner. near Halstead ; between Hadlow and Dunk’s Green, Hythe, Kent. Mr Holmes. Scottanp :—Reeky Linn, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. TRELAND :—‘‘ On wet clay, not uncommon” Dr. Taylor. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey, Bonne Nuit, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. cca deat Crombie 1. c. remarks, ‘‘ Must carefully be distinguished from L.tenuissimum and all the somewhat similar states of L. lacerum.”’ “ Spores .020—23 mm. long. .010 mm. broad.” (Ny. ) Forma latiusculum, Nyl. lacinie broader. On banks, rare. 1875. EncLanp :—Near Stonehouse, Gloucestershire, Mr. Joshua. 11. LZ. sinuatum, (Huds.) plumbeo-fuscescent, rotundato-lobate, reticulato-rugulose, lobes crowded, rounded, imbricate, margin entire or crenate, suberect ; apothecia brown, scattered, minute, sessile, concave, margin smooth, entire, elevated ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, attenuated at the apices, irregularly murali-locular, 30 THE LICHEN-FLORA On old mossy walls in upland limestone districts, rare. 1741. Syn :—Huds. FI. Angl. 535. (1778); Collema scotinum, Ach, Syn. 328. Nyl. Syn. 123. Scand. 34. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 772. Hepp Sporen t. 74, f. 653. Exs :—Nyl. 101. M. & N. 1832. Mudd. 6. Scher. 405. Hepp 653 Zw. 171. Groc. DistriB :—Europe, Scandinavia, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Germany, Algeria, New Zealand. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...7, 8...11...14, 15, 16...19, 20...28...30. ENncLAaND :—Near Wigmore, Herefordshire, Mr. Littleton Brown. (1741). Ashburton, Devon. Mr. Hudson. Chagford, Devon. Mr. Newberry. Burgh Castle, near Yarmouth. Mr. D. Turner. Stanhope, Durham. Mr. Mudd, near High Force Inn. Teesdale, Dr. Holl. Pentregaer, near Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey, Chance’s Rocks. Malvern Hills! Mr. Lees. Matlock! Derbyshire. Prof. C. Babington. near Buxton, and Hales End! Worcester. Dr. Holl. Budleigh Salterton. Prof. Dickie, Hassock’s Gate, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Harley Wood near Cirencester and Chew Magna. Mr. W. Joshua. Wye; between Deal and Sandwich, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Scottanp :—Appin; Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Aberdeen! Dr. Dickie. Gare Loch! Dunbar. Prof. Ch. Babington. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Armagh, Adm. Jones. Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Watrs:—Garn Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. Barmouth ! ‘Spores .024—41 long, .008—.016 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Forma Polinieri, (Del.) thallus bright green. TRELAND :—Rare, on Dunkerron and near Cork. Crombie l.c. Var. crenulatum, (Nyl.) thallus smaller, its margins crenato- incised. Intermediate between the type and Z. lacerum. On trees. Syx :—L. fragrans. Mudd Man. 46. Encianp :—Near Ayton, Cleveland. Mudd. Herb. 12. L. fragrans, (Smn.) olivaceo-fuscous or virescent or nigricant, rotundato-lobate, lobes minute, ascending, crowded, smooth, margins thickened, crenate ; apothecia tawny-brown, scattered, minute, sessile, convex, margin entire, thick, tumid ; spores 8, colourless, ovato- subpyriform, 3-5-septate, irregularly murali-locular. On old trees, not common. 1808. Srw :—Sm. E. Bot. 1912. (1808). Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1912. Bort. Prov :—2, 3,...5...10. Excianp :—Kent, Surrey, ; near Blaxton, Bilsborough Lane, Woodmancote, Henfield, and Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. (1808) near Ayton, Cleve- land. Wr, Mudd. Pembridge, Herefordshire. Rer. J. F. Crouch. Forthampton, Gloucestershire. Mr. Lees. Llanforda and Pentregaer, near Oswestry. Rev. 7. Salwey. 13. L. plicatile, (Ach.) fusco-virescent, imbricato-lobate, lobes erect or ascending, acutely plicate, crisped at the margin ; apothecia rufes- cent, scattered, entirely margined by the thallus ; spores 8, colour- less, broadly fusiformi-ellipsoid, generally 3-septate; gelatina hymenea blue with iodine ; spermatia incrassate at either apex. On maritime rocks, not unfrequent. 1811. a :—Ach. Syn. 314. pro. p. (1817); Nyl. Syn. 109. L. firmum, Nyl. Scand. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 2348. Geroc. DisTris :—Central Europe, Norway, Sweden, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7..16 19...31. ENGLAND :—Southover; Lewes; Old Shoreham; St. Michael’s Tor, near Torquay ; Steyning; Albourne. Vr. Borrer. Aston Keynes, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. near Boxley Hill, Maidstone; Broughton Monchelsea; near Fant Woods and Banning, near Maidstone, Kent. Mr. Holmes. : OF GREAT BRITAIN. 31 Scotnanp :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TrELAND :—Killarney. Mr. Hardy. Wa tess :—North Wales. Mr. Griffith. (1811). Barmouth. CuanneEL Istanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey, rare. Mr. Larbal- estier. Forma minor, Crombie 1. c. “thallus smaller, when dry some- what angulose, probably identical with Collema fasciculare, Smmrf.” Syn :—Collema fluviatile, Taylor in Hb. Brit. Mus. & Kew. 14. L. palmatum, (Huds.) fuscescent, fusco-cinerascent or fusco- glaucescent, thin, membranous, /aciniate, lacinie erect, sublinear, corniculato-convolute ; apothecia rufescent, small, sessile, irregularly scattered, concave, margin elevated, entire; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, attenuated at the apices, irregularly murali-locular, On mossy sandy ground, rare. 1696. Syn :—Hnuds. Fl. Ang. 536. (1778); Ach. Syn. 319. Nyl. Syn. 126, Scand. 35, Fig :—E. Bot. t. 1635. Exs :—M. & N. 1051. eel cae Grog. DistR1B :—Central Europe, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Algeria, Canaries. oT, Prov :—2, 8, 4...10...15...22...28...31. Encianp :—Yarmouth; Hemsley. Mr. D. Turner. Coatham! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Cobham, Surrey ; Barrow Hill, Henfield. Mr. Borrer. ScotLanD :—Braemar! Prof. Churchill Babington. Sands of Barrie. Adm. Jones. Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Luggelaw, co. Wicklow. Dr. Moore. Armagh. Adm. Jones. CHANNEL Isianps :- Guernsey! Mrs. Collings. Herm. Mr. Larbalestier. Crombie l.c, remarks ‘‘easily distinguished from L. sinuatum by the revolute margins of the lacinia, most visible when moistened and which are either broader or narrower, and linear,” ‘Spores .028—40. mm. long. .016—18 mm. broad.” (Nyl. ) 15. L. tremelloides, (L.) plumbeo-glaucescent or plumbeo-olivaceous, thin, membranaceous, smooth, lobate, imbricated and crispate ; apothecia rufous or rufescent, elevated, urceolate or plane, margin thick, entire, elevated, /ead-coloured ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, 3-septate, irregularly murali-locular. On sub-alpine and maritime rocks, frequent. 1782. Syn :—Linn. Suppl. Pl. 450. (1781); Ach. Syn. 325. Nyl. Syn. 124. Scand. 35. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 1981. Nyl. Syn. t. 2. f. 7. Exs :—M. & N. 1060. Scheer. 409. Anzi Langob. 10. Lindig. 46. Larb. 5. Grog. Distrip :—Central Europe, France, Italy, Scandinavia, Sweden, Finland, Cuba, Amazons, N. Zealand, Ceylon, Rio de Janeiro, N. Granada. Bor. Prov :—1..5, 6, 7..-10...14, 15, 16...19 . 26...29, 80, 31. Encuanp :—Devonshire, Mr Slater. Yorkshire. Mr. Curtis, Whitcliff Rocks ! Ludlow. Rev. 7. Salwey. Ruan Minor, Cornwall; North Brent Tor, Dartmoor. Mr. Borrer. Hornby, Yorkshire. Mr. Teesdale. Torquay. Dr. Holl. Hayle Towan near Penzance! Mr. Curnow. between Moreton and Bovey Tracy ; Tlsington, Devon. Messrs. Jones d: Kingston. Scortanp :—Dumbarton Castle Rock. Sir J. E. Smith. (1782). Inverary. My. Borrer. Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Appin. 8. Hebrides. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Dargle River. Dr. Stokes. Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Askew Wood, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Blackwater Bridge, Kerry; Killarney. Mr. Carrol. Dunfanahy co. Donegal; Moyne Abbey co. Mayo! Dr. Dickie. Tullywee Bridge! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Garn, Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. Hendremynach. Rev. T. Salwey. Cwm Bychan, near Harlech. Mr. Borrer. Bishopston Glen, Glamorganshire ! Harlech Castle ! CHANNEL IsLaxps:—Gargate Mill! St. Peter’s Valley! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 3 Spores 021—.027—mm. long. .008—9 mm. broad.” (yi. ) 32 THE LICHEN-FLORA F. polyphyllum, Nyl. rocks Doughruagh, very rare. 1876. Mr. Larbalestier. f ; 16. L. dermatinum, Borr. olive-green or olive-brown, subcoriaceous, rotundo-lobate ; muryins ascending, sinuate or tnerso-crenate, smooth or minutely granulate; apothecta rufous, plane, margin narrow, entire or minutely crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, 3-septate, murali-locular. On calcareous rocks, not common. Syn :—Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2716. (1831). Fie :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2716, f. 2. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6, 7. 10...12...26. . ENGLAND :—Leigh Wood, near Bristol. Mr. Forster. Keswick; Malham Cove, Yorkshire ; New Timber Hill, Sussex. Mr. Borver. Westmoreland. Mr. Robertson. Pentregaer, Oswestry. Rev. T. Salwey. Devonshire. Sir W. J. Hooker. Barnsley Park, near Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. Swinnop, East Allan- dale, Northumberland, and Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Ewen Lane, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. ScotLanD :—Mr. Borrer. IRELAND :—Tulleywee Bridge, Galway. Mr Larbalestier. WALES :—Limestone Rocks! Mr. Griffith in Herb. Borrer. Stackpole, Pem- brokeshire, Rev. 7. Salwey. 17. L. fluviatile, (Huds.) dark olive or olive-black, coriaceo- membrunaceous, laxly imbiicated, lobate, lobes oblong or obovate, con- ver, proliferous, canaliculate beneath ; apothecia brown, small, globu- lar, sessile, concave, thalline margin smooth, pale ; spores 8, colour- less, obovate, 3-septate, irregularly murali-locular. On rocks in mountain streams, rare. 1724. Syn :- Hudson Fl, Ang. 534, Ach. Syn. 314. Mudd Man. 40. C. rivulare, Ach, Syn. 326. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2039. Bor. Prov: ~7...10...13...15. ENGLAND :—Malham Cove, Yorkshire. Dr. Richardson. (1724) Scortanp :—River Isla in Clova. Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. Bonnington Fall, Lanark. Mr. Borrer. WaLzs:—Snowdon. Dillenius. In River Elwy, about half way from the ford opposite the cave to Pont-Newydd, 4 miles from Denbigh. Mr. Griffith. “Spores .016é—23 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (yl). 18. LZ. chloromelum, (Sw.) lead-coloured or plumbeo-virescent, membranaceous, lobate, plicate, longitudinally rugose, lobes wndu- late ; apothecia rufous or fuscorufous, concave or plane, thalline margin thick, rugoso-plicate or furfuraceo-granulate ; spores 8,colour- less, ellipsoid, attenuated at either apex, 3-5-septate, with longi- tudinal septa. On mossy trunks in sub-alpine regions, rare. aur Sra Bh Ind. Occid. 3, 1892. (1806); Ach. Syn. 321. Nyl. Syn 128. Groa. Disrrrs:—W. Europe, France, Canaries, E. & W. Indies. N. Zealand. Jamaica, Mexico, Brazil, Cuba, Teneriffe. Bor. Prov :—2...7...19 EncianD :—Charlton Forest, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Iretanp :—Killarney and Southern counties, Miss Hutchins. Watss :—Barmouth. Lev. 7. Salwey. Garth, near Dolgelly. Dr. Holl. “Spores. 020—37 mm. long. .010—17 mm. broad.” (Nyl.), 19. L. saturninnm, (Dicks.) plumbeo-fuscescent or olivaceo- fuscous, monophyllous end lobato-incised, or polyphyllous and OF GREAT BRITAIN. 33 complicate, sinuate and plicate, nigricanti-furfuraceous above, beneath cinereous or albo-cinereous and densely incano-tomentellose ; apothecia dark-rufous, scattered, plane, thalline receptacle cupular and prominent, margin entire; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, 3-septate. On old trunks in sub-alpine localities, rare. 1790. Syn :—Dicks. Br. Crypt. 2. p. 21. (1790); Ach. Syn. 320, Nyl. Syn. 127. eee lc. t. 6. £8. HE. Bot. t. 1980. Nyl. ayn. t.4.f. 16, Hepp Sporen t. 74, f. A ee :—M. &N. 454. in part. Scher. 424, 500. Anzi Langob. 9. B, 292. Hepp Gero. DistriB :—Europe, Pyrenees, Italy, Bavaria, Switzerland, Scandina- via, Sweden, E. Lapland, Hungary, Austria, N. America. Bot. Prov :—11...15, 16. Ene@Lanp :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. ScorLanD :— Western parts, Mr. Dickson, (1790). Killin. Mr. D. Turner. Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Aberdeen! Prof. Dickie. Glen Lyon and Glen Lochy, Perthshire. Dr. Holl. Forfarshire. Mr. G. Don. “Spores .020—22 mm. long, .010—11 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 20. L. Burgessit, (Lightf.) dark lead-colour or plumbeo-fuscescents large, laciniato-lobate, complicate, lobes crenulate or variously dis sected, curled and ecrispate beneath, cinerascent and minutely albido- tomentellose ; apothecia dark-rufous, large, plane or concave, thal- line margin subfoliaceous, densely sinuato-laciniate and crispate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, attenuated or apiculate at either apex, 3-5-septate and irregularly murali-locular. On calcareous rocks and old trunks in sub-alpine regions, rare. 1774. Syn :—Lightf. Fl. Scot. 827. (1777); Ach. Syn. 320. Ny]. Syn. 182. Fie :—-Lightf. 1. c. t. 26.E. Bot. t. 300. Hepp Sporen t. 106, f. 927. Exs :—Hepp 927. Maudon 35. Grog. DistRiB:—Denmark, Switzerland, Canaries, America, Amazons, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...12, 13...15, 16...19...26...30. ENGLAND :—Cumberland! Dr. Burgess. Gowbarrow Park! and Keswick ! Mrs Stanger. Scotuanp :—On bank of rivulet Duff-Kinnel, near Barntimpen, par. Kirkpatrick ; and in Mollin Linn Wood! par. Johnstone. Dumfriesshire. Rev. Dr. Burgess. (1774) Scotch Highlands. Sir W. J. Hooker, Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Inverary ! Mr. Bentham. Glen Falloch. Dr. Holl. Ingvanp :—Killarney. Dr. Taylor. Deer Park, Antrim. Dr. Moore. 8. side Kylemore lake. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘WALES :—Devil’s Bridge and Hafod, Cardiganshire. Sir J. E. Smith. Abertygwyn, near Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Garth and Rhaiadr Du, near Bar- mouth, Rev. 7. Salwey. Bettws-y-coed ! “Spores .030—40 mm. long, .013—17 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 21. L. turgidum, (Ach.) dark olive-green, thick, rotundato-lobate, smooth or granulated, lobes turgid, ascending and imbricated in the centre, concave, undulate and plicate at the circumference ; apothecia reddish-brown or nigricant, moderate, plane ; margin thick, turgid, more or less granulate; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ovats- oblong, 3-septate. On rocks and sandstone walls, not common. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 634. (1810). Syn. 313. Nyl. Scand. 36. Exs :—Scher. 433. Hepp 215. Leight. 257. Grog. DistR1B :—France, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—3, 4, 5...10...12 34 THE LICHEN-FLORA EncLanp :—Near Scarborough. Mr. Hailstone. Malham, Yorkshire. Dr. Carrington. Leigh Woods! Clifton. Mr. Larbalestier. Gorlestone Church ; Dunwich, Suffolk. Mr. D. Turner. Southover Priory. Mr. Jenner. between Horsham and Guildford. Mr. Borver. near Malvern. Dr. Holl. Chewmagna near Bristol ; Wootton under Edge, and Sevenhampton. Mr. Joshua. _Newing- ton near Sandgate; near Maidstone; Wrotham; Westerham; Postling ; Kent. Mfr. Holmes. Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Upton, near Shiffnal, Shropshire; Llanforda, near Oswestry. , Crombie 1. c. remarks, ‘‘confined apparently to S. and W. England, easily recognised from all states of Collema pulposum and L. plicatile, by its subfru- ticulose habit.” 22. L. Schradert, (Bernh.) darkish olive-green, ccespitose, small, erect, dichotomously branched, lobes sublinear, irregularly undulato- sulcato-rugose and angular, constricted at the base and apices, dilated in the middle ; apothecia reddish, lateral, concave, margin entire, paler. Among mosses in calcareous soil, rare. 1783. Syn :—Bernh. in Schrad. Journ, 1799. fase. 1. 22. Ach. Syn. 328. Nyl. Syn. 183. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2284. Grog. Distr :—France, Germany, Bavaria, Algeria. Bor. Prov ;—1, 2...4, 5...8...15...19...26...28, ENGLAND :—Matlock, Derbyshire. Sir J. E. Smith. (1783). Caistor Church, Norfolk ; and near Bury; and Sussex. Mr. D. Turner. near Yarmouth ; Bath. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Holly Bush Hill, Malvern. Dr. Holl. near Storrington Church ; Crow Link, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Sussex Downs, near Brighton ; near Bath ; near Babbicombe 8. Devon; Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Grove Lane, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Bathampton Downs, Bath. Dr. Holl. near Chelsfield ; Wrotham ; Shoreham ; Folkestone; near Otford, Kent. Mr. Holmes. ScortanD :—On decayed mortar of old walls in Glenlyon, Perthshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killarney. Dr. Moore. near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Sheep Walk, ee Adm. Jones. Dawros Bridge, near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Lar- er. CHaNnNEL IsLANDs :—L’etacq, Jersey; Herm. Mr. Larbalestier. 23. L. mieroscopicum, Nyl. olivaceo-nigricant, most minutely frut- iculose, eftuse, branched, erect, unequally terete, branchlets elongato-papillate, On rocks, rare. Syn: —Nyl. Prodr. 26. Syn. 122. Fic :—Nyl. Syn. t. 4. f. 17. Bot. Prov :—3...5...31. ENGLAND :—Cowcombe Wood. near Chalford, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Fant Woods, near Maidstone, Kent. Jf. Holmes. Llanymynech ! Shropshire. CuannyeEL Isnanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier, Crombie says l.c. ‘‘ approaches, in habit at least, nearer to the preceding than to any state of L. lacerum, while the discovery of the apothecia by me recently, near Shiere, in Surrey, shows that it is not, as might have been sus- pected, an undeveloped state of some other species.” 24. L. musicolum, (Sw.) fuscous, or olivaceo-fuscescent, small, pulvinar, fruticuloso-ramose, branches filiformi-terete or sub-compressed, intricate, apices slightly attenuate; apothecia fusco-rufescent or fuscous, terminal, appressed, concave, margin thin, smooth, entire, paler ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-fusiform, 1-septate. On mossy rocks and walls in sub-alpine districts, rare. 1790, % ott oe Nat. Act. Ups. 4. 248 (1784); Ach. Syn. 328, Nyl. Syn. 134. cand. 36. Fic :—Dicks. Br. Crypt. 2. t. 6. f. 9. Scher. En. t. 10. f, 1. b. E. Bot. t. 2264. Nyl. Syn. t. 4. f. 11...15. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 85 moe ais 175, M, & N. 949, Scher, 408. Leight. 395, Anzi Langob, 12, ‘elim. 11, Gxog. Disrris:—Europe, France, Scandinavia, Sweden, Russia, Pyrenees, Germany, Italy, Algeria, Bor, Prov :—1...5...7...10, 11...15...22...81. Encianp :—Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Oswestry. Rev. 7, Salwey, Lanbraughrigg, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Blackstone Rock, Dartmoor, Prof. Dickie. South Brent, Devon. Dr. Holl, ScornanD:—Scotch Alps. Mr. Dickson, (1790). Grampians. Rev. J. M, Crombie. Ben Lawers ; Loch Dochart, Perthshire. Dr. Holl. Tretanp :—Luggelaw, co. Wicklow. Adm. Ji nes, Wats :—Garthmeilio. Mr. Griffith. Barmouth! Cross Foxes! near Dol- gelley ; Craig Breidden ! CuanneL Istanps:—Guernsey. Rev, J. Salwey. Quenvais, Jersey, Mr. Larbalestier. ** Spores .023--27 mm. long, .007 mm. broad.” (Myi.) V. COLLEMOPSIS. Wy. Thallus internally glaucous-green. Gonimia submoniliformly arranged. 1. C. Schererii, (Mass.) fusco-cinerascent or cinereo-niqrescent, subtartareous, effuse, thinly scobiformi-granulate, subareolate, sub- spongiose ; apothecia atrorufous or dark blue, very minute, crowded, globoso-truncate, punctiformi-impressed, then disciformi-diluted, mar- gined ; spores 8, colourless, globoso-ovoid, simple. On calcareous rocks, rare. Syn :—Stizb. Flecht. 141. Crombie En. 2. Fia :—Hepp Sporen t. 57. f. 496, Exs :—Anzi 430. Zw. 250. 254, Mass. 338. Grog. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—3...5 ..15. Encuanp :—Shiere, Surrey. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Cowcombe Wood, near Chalford, Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Boxley Hill, near Maidstone ; near Kemsing, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Scotland :—Craig Guie, Braemar, {Craig Tulloch, (900 ft.) Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “ Absence of any proper hypothallus at once separates it from Pannaria, which otherwise it closely resembles.” Crombie. 1. c. 2. C. lecanopsoides, Nyl. fuscous-black, opake, thin, granuloso- areolate or nearly continuous, somewhat scabrous ; apothecia con- colorous, urceolate, thalline margin prominent, connivent ; spores 4-8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses slender, not crowded. On maritime calcareous rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora, 1866, p. 374. Collema pyrenopsoides, Nyl. Syn. 1. 103. Grog. DistriB :-~Pyrenees. Bort. Prov :—15...19. ScotLanpD :—Craig Tulloch. Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TrELAND :—Kenmare, Kerry. Adm. Jones. (1866). **Spores .014—20 mm. long, .006—.010 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 3. C. furfurella, Nyl. black or fuscous-black, either entirely Surfuraceo-granulose and effuse, or dispersed in small furfuraceous verruce, with larger convex fertile granules intermixed ; apothecia subpyrenodeo-lecanorine impressed in the fertile granules ; spores 8, colourless, shortly ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses distinct ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine ; spermatia oblongo-cylindrical. On alpine rocks, very rare. 1865. In external aspect like a Pyrenopsis, but with moniliform granula gonima. 36 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Nyl. in Sallsk. pro. F. et Fl. Fr. Notis. 4. (n. ser. 1.) p. 229. (1859) 5 Scand. 28. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 286. Geroc. DistR1s :—Finland, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Summit of Corbuie, in Bredalbane. Adm. Jones. (1865). Meal Girdy. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “s Spare .011—17 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (Wy. ) 4. C. oblongans, Nyl. olive-brownish, granuloso-crustaceous, thin, confluent ; apothecia bright, or red-testaceous, somewhat concave, minute, wargin thickish; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple or spuriously 1-septate ; gelatina hymenea I very faintly vinous-red. On the ground, in fissures of rocks, 1874. Allied to C. Arnoldiana, (Hepp) and C. Flotowiana, (Hepp), but differing in oblong shape of spores. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 305. Geroc. DIsTRIB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—12. EnGLanD :—Near Haverbrack, Westmoreland. Mr. Martindale. (1874). ‘Spores 0.016—30 mm. long, 0.006 mm. broad.” 5. C. diffundens, Nyl. black, opake, thin, areolato-squamulose squamule somewhat chaffy, small, variable, effuse ; apothecia rufescent, innate, often gyalectoid, but variable, and somewhat plane, internally entirely pale; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses distinct, slender; gelatina hymenea at first blue then vinous-red with iodine. On green-sand rocks, rare. 1865. Syn :—NyL in Flora. 1865. p. 602. Crombie En. 3. Bor. Prov :—3. Encianp :—Near Maidstone, Kent. Adm. Jones. (1865). “Spores .011—23 mm. long,.007—.011 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 6. C. Arnoldiana, Nyl. olwvaceo-fuscous, thin, granulose; apo- thecia rufous or dark rufous, biatorine, impressed almost gyalecti- form in the centre, small; paraphyses articulate ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple, containing minute oleose guttules, one larger. Tn old oolite quarries, rare. 1875. Syn :—Leptogium, Nyl. Syn. 118. (1860). Verrucaria Flotoviana, Hepp. . Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 11 f. 92, Exs :—Arn. 32. 33. Groc rere :—Europe. Bor. Prov. : ENGLAND : ep Wood, near Chalford, Gloucestershire. Mr, Joshua, Sheere, Surrey. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘*Spores .017—20 mm. long, .010—. pe mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I pale- nite then dilutely vinous-red.” (Nyl.) 7. C. leptogiella, Nyl. olwvaceo-fuscous, slightly subcoralloideo- furfuraceous, eftuse ; apothecra testaceo-lurid, minute, like those of a Leptogium ; epithecium somewhat impressed or at length nearly plane, with a small margin; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid ; paraphyses slender, thicker at the apices. On quartzose rocks, rare. 1876. Spores .010—17 mm. long. .005—7 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinoso-fulvo-rubescent. A very peculiar species, resembling Leptogium micros- copicum. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora. 1877. p. 220. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lough Inagh, Connemara. My. Larbalestier. (1876). OF GREAT BRITAIN. 37 VI. PYRENIDIUM. Ny. Thallus- minute, stellato-divided or cespitellose or confluendo- effuse, of the same structure as that of Leptogiwm. Apothecia pyrenocarpous verrucarioid. 1. P. actinellum, Nyl. dark olivaceous, adnate, forming small patches, stellato-divided, rays distinct, attenuated at their apices, ascending or suberect, vinous-red with iodine; apothecia pyreno- deous, in the centre of the thallus, prominent, perithecium entirely black; spores 4, fuscous or fuscescent, oblong, 3-septate ; paraphyses few, slender or obsolete. On chalk, very rare. 1865. Syn :—NylL in Flora 1865, p. 210. Bor. Prov :—3...5. Eneuanp :—Boxley Hill, Kent. Adm. Jones. (1865). Dorking. Mr. Joshua. Crombie 1. c. states that, ‘‘ According to Nylander in Jitt., if the apothecia are not parasitic, this ought to be included in a distinct tribe called Pyrenidii.” Fam: III. MYRIANGIACEI. Tripe I, MyYrianGiet. I, MYRIANGIUM. M€nt. & Berk. Thallus black, noduloso-pulvinate, cellulose, unstratified. Apo thecia sublecanorine, spheroideo-cellulose. Spores 8, colourless, oblong, irregularly septate, or almost murali-divided. 1. M. Durice, M. & B. black, opake, small, tuberculato-glomerate or noduloso-confluent, often depresso-pulvinate ; apothecia minute, black, slightly impressed ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo- ovoid, variously septate ; gelatina hymenea vinous with iodine. On ash and elm, rare. 1836, Syn :—Mnt. and Berk. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 73. Nyl. Syn. 139. Collema glomerulosum, Tayl. Fl. Hib, 2. 108, excl. syn, Fig a Syn. t, 4. £. 1,5. Exs :—Maass. 37. Groce, Distrip :—Europe, France, Algeria, Mexico, Australia, N. America, Bor. Prov :—1, 2...19...31. ENGLAND :—Penzance. Wr, Ralfs. Isle of Wight. Rev. 7’. Salwey. near Shank- lin. Dr Holl. Trevello Wood, Cornwall. Mr. Curnow. IRELAND :—Carrigaline! near Cork; near Crosshaven, Cork. Mr. Carvoll. Roughty, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. (1836). CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Sark! Rev. 7. Salwey. Fam: IV. LICHENACED Thallus various in colour, white, whitish, cinerascent, flavicant, rufous, fuscous, and very rarely nigricant, and very various in forn), filamentous, foliaceous, squamose, crustaceous, pulverulent or evanescent. In most species the stratum gonidiale formed of true gonidia, in a few only of granula gonima. Apothecia either stipitate or lecanorine or peltate, or patellulate, or pyrenocarpous. Series I. Eprconiopet. Apothecia with the spores naked, collected into a sporal mass on the surface. Spores 8, in asci. 38 THE LICHEN-FLORA Trrpe I, Catictet. Thallus crustaceous, granulose, or obsolete, yellow or flavo-vires cent or cinerascent or whitish. Apothecia cupuliform, constricted below into a stipes, or sessile. L SPHINCTRINA. Fr. pr. p. D.N. Thallus none. Apothecia parasitic on Pertusarie, globoso- turbinate, shining, black, sessile or shortly stipitate. Spores nigrescent, simple, 1. 8S. turbinata, (Pers.) Apothecia subsessile, small; spores small, globose or subglobose ; iodine pale blue, then obscured. On Pertusaria communis, common, 1796. Syn :—Calicium turbinatum, Pers, Fung. 59, Ach, Syn, 56, Nyl. Syn. 142, Mudd Man. 255, Fic :—E. Bot. 2520. Nyl. Syn. Lich. t. 5, f, 1. Exs : ~Scher. 6. Leight. 132. Mudd 241. Anz. Ital. 8. 46. Reich. & Schub. 2. M. & N. 366 left hand spec. : Grog. Distrip :—Europe, Scandinavia, Portugal, France, Algeria, North America, Bort. Prov :—2, 3.5 ..7...10...15...19. Enetanp .—Near Guisbro ! Easby! Yorkshire. M7, Mudd. Powick, Wor- cestershire. Mr. Lees. near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Tunbridge- Wells, Mr. Jenner. Sibertswold, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Great Glenham, Suffolk, Guestling. Sussex. Rev. E. N. Bloomficld, Oakley Park, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Aymestrey! Hay Forest! Herefordshire; Huglith! near Church Stretton, Shropshire ! aoe :—Northern parts. Rev. J. Mf. Crombie, Carse of Gowrie. Mr. ‘ouste. IRELAND :—Blarney, Cork! My Carroll. CuannEL Istanps :—Rozel, Jersey, Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—Capel Curig ! Builth ! “Spores .001 to .00125 in. diam.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .0083—6 mm diam.” (Nyl.) Spores .005—6 mm. diam. 2. 8S. anglica, Nyl. apothecia substipitate, on grey thallus ; spores globose, ellipsoid and oblong, moderate, iodine blue. On old rails &e., rare. 1805. Syn :—Nyl. Syn. Lich. 143, Calicium microcephalum, Sm. T. and B. Lich. 130, Mudd Man. 255, Fie: —E, Bot. 1865. Nyl. Syn. t. 5. f. 3. Exs :—Korb. 203. Rab. 562. Arn. 245. Zw. 285. Th. M. Fr, 72. Groce. Distrip :—N. England. N, America. Bot. Prov :—2...4, 5...8...20. Eneianp :—Albourne! Sussex; Caistor, near Yarmouth. Mr. Borrer. (1805.) Eoolinstom: Countess of Aylesford. Twycross! Gopsall! Leicestershire, Rev, A. loxam, Iretanp :—Curraghmore, near Waterford. Adm. Jones, “ Spores .00125 to ,002 in. diam.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .008—.013 mm, long. 2006—9 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores.009 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. 3. S. microcephala, Nyl. apothecia sessile, fuscescent ; spores nigricant, fusiformi-ellipsoid, simple, large. On Pertusaria, rare. 1869. Syn :—S. microcephala, Nyl. Calic. 6. Nyl. Syn. 144. Mudd Man. 256. Fie :—Tul. Mem, Lich. t. 15. f. 20. Nyl Sym t. 5. £2. oo Exs :—Nyl. 5. Hepp 551. M & N. 366. right hand spec, Grog. Distrip :—Europe, France, Pyrenees, Ceylon, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—2. Encianp :—New Forest, Hants, Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869), OF GREAT BRITAIN. 39 CHANNEL IsLaANnDs :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .002 to .0025 in. long. by .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .011—16 mm. long. .007--8 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .018—-15 mm, long, .007—8 mm. broad, IL CALICIUM. Ach. Wyl. Thallus granulose, powdery, squamulose or altogether evanes- cent. Apothecia black, stipitate or subsessile, capitula globose or turbinate or cupular. Spores fuscous or nigricant. Spermatia short, oblong. A. Spores simple, 1. C. diploellum, Nyl. obsolete ; apothecia black very shortly stipitate, capitulum turbinate, open, sporal mass scarcely prominent ; spores nigrescent, oblong, simple (or 1-septate.) On holly, very rare. 1868. The smallest of all the species, and easily recognized. Its place is near disseminatum. Syn :—C. diploellum, Nyl. in Flora 1868, p. 161. Bor, Prov :—19 IRELAND :—Cromaglown, Killarney. Mr Carroll. ‘* Spores .006-9 mm. long. .003 mm. broad.” (Wy?.) 2. C. chrysocephalum, Ach. citrine or yellow-green, granulate, verrucoso-conglomerate or evanescent ; apothecia black, shortly stipitate or elongate, capitula turbinato-lentiform, citrino-suffused beneath and at margin ; sporal mass wmber or ferruginous; spores fuscous, globose. On palings, &c., rare. 1804. Syn :—C. chrysocephalum, Ach. Meth. Suppl. 15, Syn. 60, Nyl. Syn. 146, Mudd Man, 261. Fic :—E, Bot. 2501. Nyl. Syn. Lich. t.5. f. 11, 12. Exs :—Scher, 12. Nyl. 10. Hepp 329. Leight. 134. Mudd 251. Grog. Distris :—Europe, N. America. Bort. Prov : —3, 4, 5...10...14. ENGLAND :—Sotterley, Suffolk. Mr. D. Turner, (1804), Norfolk; Suffolk ; Essex. Sir W. J. Hooker. Rosedale, and Baysdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire! Mr, Mudd. Shipbourne, Kent. Mr. Jenner. Downton Castle! Herefordshire. ScotLanD :—Near Slateford. Dr. Greville. i **Spores .0015 in. long. by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .003—6 mm, diam.” (Nyl.) f. melanocephalum, Nyl. apothecia fasciculato-ramose, stipes black, capitula black, citrino-suffused at margin only ; spores globose or ellipsoid, pale-fuscous, larger. Syn :—Nyl. Syn. 147. Fie :—Nyl. lc. t. 5. f. 19. Exs :—Leight. 134 in part. : . : ENa@uanp :—Downton Castle ! Herefordshire, on same palings with common form. “ Spores .004—.016 mm. long. .004—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl. ) 3. OC. pheeocephalum, Borr. palledo-cinerascent or darkly flavicant, minutely granuloso-sguamuliform, crenate, congested ; apothecia with slender black or fuscous stipites, capitula turbinato-lentiform, flavo-viridi-pruinose, sporal mass fuscous ; spores fuscescent, globose. On boards, palings, &c., rare. 1807. Syn:—C. pheocephalum, T. & B. Lich, Brit. 145. Ach. Syn. 61. Nyl, Syn. 147. Mudd. Man, 261, 40 THE LICHEN-FLORA Fic :—E. Bot. 1540. Nyl. Syn. t. 5. f. 13. Exs :—Scher. 245. Rab. 592. Korb. 260. Zw. 242. A. B. C. Geoc. DISTRIB, :—Scandinavia, Germany, Helvetia. N, America, Bor. Prov.:—2, 3, 4, 5. ENGLAND :Lakenham, near Norwich. Mr. D. Turner. (1807). Hurst- pierpoint, Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Bruisyard, Suffolk; Albourn, Sussex. Sir W. J. Hooker. Hay Park, near Ludlow. Rev. 7 Salwey. Cookhill Wood. Worcestershire. Mr. Purton. between Tunbridge-Wells Common and Hurst Wood, Kent. Mr. Jenne “Spores .001 in. alam, 2 (Mudd.) ‘Spores .003—5 mm. diam.” (WNyl.) 4, (C. aciculare, (Sm.) cinerascent, very thin or obsolete ; apoth- ecia with obconico-turbinate capitula flavoviridi-suffused, sporal mass brown, much protruded ; spores fuscescent, globose. On oaks, firs, hollies, &c., rare. 1812. sees :-—Lichen acicularis, Sm. E. Bot, 2385. Nyl. Syn. 148. chorellum, Mudd an. $e oR, Bot, 2385. Nyl. Syn ~t5.8 14, Exs :—Zw..19. Leight. ii70. app 328, Nyl. 9. Mudd 252, Geroc. DistRIB :—Europe. Bot, Prov :—2, 3... 16...24. Encanp :—Near Bury. Rev. G. R. Leathes, (1812). Sussex! Mr. W. Borrer. Brentsdale! Newton Wood, and Bousdale Gill! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Esher, Surrey ; Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Sir W. J. Hooker. IRELAND :—Tervoe, near Limerick! Mr. Carroll. “Spores .001 in. diam.” (Mudd. ) 5. (C. trichiale, Ach. flavido-cinerascent or cinereo-glaucescent, minutely granuloso-squamulose ; apothecia black, stipes slender, capitula black, globoso-lenticular, cinereo-suffused beneath, sporal mass umber, convex, or hemispherical ; spores fuscescent, spherical, minute. On trees, timber ,é&c., rare. Syn :—G. trichiale, Ach. L. U. 248. Syn. 62. Nyl. Syn. 149. Mudd Man. 259, Fic :—V. Ak. H. 1816. t. 8. £14, Nyl. Syn, t. 5. £. 16. Exs :—Scher. 10, 11. Rab. 591. Grog. Disrrre :—N. Henropes N. America. Bor. Prov —5...10... Encuanp :--Near Elan: Shropshire. Rev. 7, Salwey, Ingleby, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. ScotLanD :—Binnie Woods, Haddingtonshire. Dr. Maingay. ** Spores .0025—.0045 mm. diam.” (Nyl.) Var. cinereum, (Pers.) cinerascenti-or albido-granulose, stipites and capitula cinereo-suffused. On old pines and oaks. Syn :—Calicium cinereum, Pers. Icon. and Descr. Fung. p. 88, Ach. Syn, 57. Nyl. Syn. 149. ‘Fic :—Pers. Icon. and Descr. Fung. t. 14. Exs :—Scher. 452. Groce. Distrip:—Germany, Helvetia, France, Scandinavia, Finland. Bor. Prov :—20...24. ges :—Deer Park, Castlemartyr, co. Cork ; Tervoe, near Limerick. Mr TTO! Var. stemoneum, Ach. yellow or Jlavido-cinerascent, leproso-granu- late ; apothecia black or fuscous-black, capitula cinereo-pruinose or nearly naked beneath. On trees. one :—C. stemoneum, Ach. L. U. 243. Syn. 62. Nyl. Syn. 150, Mudd Man Fic :—E. Bot, 2502, NyL Syn. t. 5. £. 15. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 4] Exs :—Nyl. 12. M. & N. 956. Scher. 18, 249. Zw, 12. 17, Hepp 158. Rab. 518, Leight, 227. Mudd 248, oe _ Grog. Distrrs :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—2...4...6...10. Eneianp :—Cuckfield, Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Bousdale Gill. Newton Wood, and near Ingleby, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Mr Mudd. near Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Rev. G. R. Leathes. Wats :—Builth ! (on birch). Var. ferrugineum, (Borr.) pale-cinerascent, conglomerato-granulose or leprose ; apothecia large, subsessile ; spores pale-fuscous, large. On oaks, pales, &c. 1839, Syn :—C. ferrugineum, T. & B. Lich. Br. 186, Nyl. Syn, 150, Mudd Man. 260, Fie :—E, Bot. 2473. Nyl. Syn. t. 5. f. 18. Exs :—Mudd 249, Leight. 315. Grog. Distr :—Germany, France. Bor. Prov :—3, 4, 5...10. EneLanp :—Framlingham, near Norwich. Mr. D. Turner, (1839). Moor Park and Hay Park, near Ludlow. Rev. 7. Salwey. Thorndon Hall Park ! Mr. Piggot. Little Malvern. co. Worcester. Mr. Lees. Hoggarts Wood; Ingleby; Green- how, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Rev. G. R. Leathes. Ragley Park, Worcestershire. Mr. Purton. Wonham, near Reigate. Mr. W. Joshua. Shipbourne, Kent. Mr. Jenner. Almond Park! near Shrews- bury ; Caer Caradoc ! Shopshire. ‘* Spores .004—011 mm. diam.” (yl. ) Var. brunneolum, (Ach.) evanescent ; stipes slender, elongate, capitulum small ; spores spherical, minute. On old trees, &. ao met C. brunneolum, Ach. in V. A. H. 1816 p. 279. Nyl. Syn. 151. Mudd an. 260. Fie :—V. Ak. H. 1816. t. 8. fig. 12. Nyl. Syn. t. 5. f. 16. Exs :—M. & N. 1068. Scher. 9. Zw. 17. Leight. 252. Mudd 250, Fellm. 12. Grog. Distrrp :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...10, Encuanp :—Busby Hall; Ingleby Park; Baysdale, Stogdale, Yorkshire ! Mr, Mudd. New Forest, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Redland Woods, Dorking. Mr. W. Joshua. Holton Park! near Oxford. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .0025—.004 mm. diam.” ( Nyl. ) 6. C. elassosporum, Nyu. glaucescent or glauco-virescent, gonidia conglomerate in difformed syngonidia; apothecia black, stipes robust ; spores globulose, small. On putrescent alder wood, rare. 1874. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1875. p. 441. Bor. Prov:—15. Scortanp :—Glen Lochay, Perthshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1874). “Nearly similar to a stronger form of C. brunneolum, but with smaller gonidia and spores diam. .0025 mm. or less.” (Wyl.) 7. C. melanopheum, Ach. whitish, granulose; stipes strong, black, naked, capitula black, turbinate, sporal mass umber ; spores fuscescent, globose, moderate. On firs, &c., rare. Syn:—C. melanopheum, Ach. in Ak. H. 1816. p. 276. Nyl. Syn. 151. Mudd Man. 259, Fie :—V. Ak. H. 1816, t. 8. F.8. Nyl. Syn. t, 5. £17. Exs :—Scher. 638, Zw. 16. Nyl. 11. Anzi It. 8. 38. Anzi Ven. 116. Geog. Distrip :—Scandinavia, Germany, Helvetia, France, N. America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5 ..10, 11...15. ENGLAND :—Eglestone. Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Hoggarts Wood and Lounsdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer, Thorndon Hall Park! Essex. Mr. H. Piggot. Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Oakley Park, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. 42 THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorLanD :—Near Stirling and Aberfeldy. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “ Spores .0025—.008 mm. diam,” (Nyl). Spores .009 mm, diam. C. trichiale var. ferrugineum should be compared with this. Are they not both states of the same plant? 8. O. Kylemoriense, Larb. Parasitical on a whitish thallus, apparently that of Lecanora cinerea, (L.); apothecia excessively minute, shortly stipitate ; capitulum crateriform, nigro-fuscous, somewhat shining; stipes very short, of a paler whitish colour ; paraphyses entangled branched ; spores fuscous or fusco-nigrescent, spherical, with a distinct narrow epispore, variable in size. On shady rocks, rare. 1877. Syn : —Leight. in Linn, Trans. 2d. ser. 1. 242, Fic :—Linn. Trans. 1. c. t, 33. f. 12. 13, & 14, Bort. Prov :—26. IrELAND :—Miderlin ! near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). A very beautiful new species, Spores .006—.008 mm. diam, B. Spores 1-septate. * Corticole. 9. C. hyperellum, Ach. flavo-virescent, granulose or subleprose ; apothecia black, capitulum globoso-lentiform, stipes black, elongate, sporal mass black or umber-black ; spores nigrescent, ellipsoid, l-septate, small. On oak, alder, lime, &c. very common. 1783. Syn :—C. hyperellum, Ach. Meth. p. 93. Nyl. Syn. 152. Mudd Man, 258. Fic :—E. Bot. 1832. Nyl. Syn. t. 5. f. 28. Exs :—M. & N. 1069. Scher. 241. 242. Leight. 23. Hepp 333. Arn. 105, Mudd 245. Reich. and Schub. 122. Groc. Distr1B :—Europe. Scandinavia. N. America, Bor. Prov :—3, 4, 5...7, 8...10...15...19...30. ENGLAND :—Earsham, Norfolk. Sir J. E. Smith. near Bury, Suffolk. Mr. D. Turner, Kildale and Baysdale. and Brantsdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Ashe, Norfolk ; Ditcheling, and Hurstpierpoint, Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Ickworth, Suffolk. Sir 7%. Gage. Pophills, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. Penshurst Park ; Chilstone Park, near Lenham ; Broome Park, near Siberts- wold, Kent, Mr, Holmes. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Pevensey road, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Shropshire! Herefordshire ! Leicestershire. ! ScoTLaNnD :—rarely. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Inetanp :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Killarney. Sir T. Gage. Wats :—Near Bala! Mr. Brittain. Bettws-y-coed! Builth! “Spores .002 to .003 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .009— .016 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 10. C. trachelinum, Ach. cinerascent, thin, granulose or obsolete, apothecia black, capitulum, turbinato-globose, rufescent beneath ; spores nigricant, ellipsoid, 1-septate, constricted, large, On trees, pales, &c., not common. 1778. Syn :—Calicium trachelinum, Ach.-in V, Ak. H. 1816. p. 272. Nyl. . 154, Mudd Man. 258. ve vi, Syn. 104 ie se Bot. os Nyl. Bym. be = Lee xs :—Zw. 15. Hepp 160. . 16. M. & N. 475, d. Scher, i . 15. Leight. 270. Mudd 246. 2 pete Deltas 1h Gxroc. DistRIB :—Europe, N. America, Peru. Bor. Prov :—1, 2. 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11, 12...14, 15...19...22...30, 31. EneLann :—Norfolk. Sir, W. J. Hooker. near Bury, Suffolk. Rev. @..R, Leathes Hexham, near Eglestone. Mr. Winch. Twineham, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. North of Se Lev. John Harriman, Sibsbell House. Dr. G. Johnstone. near Stoke- sley, dale, Baysdale, Ingleby, Oggeray Hill, Newton Wood, Cleveland Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd, Cumberland. Mrs. J. Stanger. Oswestry, Shro shire, Rev. T. Salwey. Pophills, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. Wheatfield I ark | OF GREAT BRITAIN. 43 Oxfordshire. Myr, Larbalestier. Ashton Keynes, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua, Bagtor Wood, Ilsington; Holne Chase, Devon. Messrs. Jones &: Kingston. near Westerham ; Wye; Ashover Wood, near Penshurst, Kent. Mr. Holmes, Hay Park, near Ludlow ! Shropshire. SoornanD :—Rosslyn Woods. Mr. G. Don. Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Powerscourt. Dr. Whitley Stokes. Glenarm. Dr, Moore. Castle- bernard Park, Bandon. Mr. J. Sullivan. ‘ALES :—Edderton ! Montgomeryshire. CHanneL Istanps :—Noirmont Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier, ‘Spores .002 to .0025 in. long, by COL in. Troad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .008— .013 mm. long, .004—7 mm. broad.” (yl. ) Var. hemiplodum, Nyl., stipes rufescent, thickened at the base and upwards gradually into the capitulum, which has a thin whitish margin. New Forest, near Lyndhurst! Mr. Larbalestier. (1873). 11. C. quercinum, Pers. greyish-white, granulose, or nearly smooth, or subleprose or evanescent; apothecia black, moderate, capitulum turbinato-lentiform, cinereo-pruinose beneath ; disk plano- convex, white, pruinose or naked, with grey margin; spores nigri- cant, ellipsoid, 1-septate, slightly constricted, small. On oaks, wood, &e. 1805. Syn :—C. quercinum, Pers. Fung. Suppl. 59. Nyl. Syn. 155. Mudd Man. 257. Fie :—E. Bot. 1465, Nyl. Syn. t. 5, f. 25. Exs :—Nyl. 14. M. & N. 473, Scher. 247, 505, Zw. 98. Mudd 244, Grog. Distris :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov: ~1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...10.. 14. : Eneuanp :—Lakenham, Suffolk. Mr. Borrer. (1805.) Ayton, Stokesley, Baysdale, Newton Wood, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Studley Park, Yorkshire. Mr. Brunton. near Thirsk. Mr. J. G. Baker. Pembridge, Herefordshire. Rev. J. F. Crouch. near Brockenhurst in New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Hexham ; Eglestone. Mr. Winch. Ugbrook Park ; Rora & Perm Woods, Ilsington, Devon, Messrs. Jones &: Kingston. near Penshurst ; Ide Hill, near Sevenoaks; Lympne, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Wates :—Builth ! ScortanD :—Auchindenny. Dr. Greviile. “Spores .0015 to .0025 in, long, by .001 to .00125 in, broad.” (Madd.) Spores .005—9 mm. long, .003—5. mm. broad.” (y/.) 12. C. curtum, Borr. cinerascent, thin or obsolete ; apothecia strong, capitulum turbinato-cylindrical, margin albo-suffused, sporal mass black, protruded ; spores nigricant, ellipsoid, 1-septate. On wood, pales, &c., common. 1813. Syn :—C. curtum, T. & B. Lich. Br. p. 148, Nyl. Syn, 156. Mudd Man. 257. C.. spheerocephalum var. abietinum, Ach. Syn. 58. Fig :—E. Bot. 2503. Exs :—Zw. 186 & 20. Leight. 1383. Hepp 337. Scher. 248. M. and N. 1237, 957. Mudd 243. Fellm. 16. Anzi Langob. 345. Geroc. Distrrp :—Europe, Scandinavia, Kamtschatka, N. America, N. Zealand. Bot. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10.. 15...31. EnGianp :—Stokesley, Ayton, Newton, Stogdale, Cleveland! Mr. Mudd. Gopsall Park, Leicestershire. Rev A. Bloxam. Sussex! Mr. Borver. (1818) ; Hal- low, near Worcester. Mr. E. Lees. Batheaston! Mr. Broome. Oswestry, Salop ! Rev. T, Salwey. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev E. N. Bloomfield. Hythe, near Romney ; near Otford, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Abdon! High Rock, near Bridgnorth! Haughmond Hill! Loppington! Hay Park, near Ludlow! Lilanyblodwel rocks! Raglith! near Church Stretton, Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Falls of Bruar, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TReLAND :—Deer Park, Castle Martyr, co. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Bala! Mr. Brittain. Towyn ! 44 THE LICHEN-FLORA CHANNEL IsLaANDs :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0015 to .002 in. long, by .00L in. broad.” (Mr. Mudd.) ‘‘Spores -007—.014 mm. long, .004—7 mm. broad.” (Wy/.) 13. C. subtile, (Pers.) greyishawhite, thin, filmy ; apothecia minute, stipes short, slender, black, capitula minute, subglobose or turbinato-lentiform, disk slightly convex, brownish-black ; spores fuscescent, oblong, or ellipsoid, 1-septate. On dead trees, timber, &c., rare. 1812. Syn :—C. subtile, Pers. Fung. Suppl. 60. Mudd Man, 259. Fic :—E. Bot. 2462, Exs :—Nyl. 18. Hepp 338. Leight. 314. Mudd 247. Geroc. Distris :—Europe, Germany, France, Scandinavia, N. America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...10...14, ENGLAND :—Blackbeck, Sie Cleveland, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd, Sussex! Mr. Borrer, (1812). Cawsey Wood, Durham. Mr, Winch. Pophills. Mr. Purton. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. between Tunbridge Wells Common and Hurst Wood, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Scortanp :—Auchindenny Woods. Di. Greville. “Spores .0015 in. long, by .0005 broad.” (Mudd). Spores .006—.009 mm, long, .003 mm. broad. 14. C. populneum, (De Brond.) macular, pale or whitish ; apothecia entirely black, slight, somewhat shining, stipes slender, eapitulum turbinate; spores nigrescent, ellipsoid, stmple, large, 1-septate. On poplars, rare. 1813. Syn :—C. populneum, De Brondeau in Dub. B. Gall. 638, Nyl. Syn. 159. Exs :—Hepp 339. Zw. 287. Arn. 60. Anzi Langob. 424, Groc. DistRiB:—W. France, Bor. Prov :—19. IRELAND :—Killarney. Sir 7. Gage. (1818). 15. C. retinens, Nyl. white, opake, thin, subfarinaceous, effuse ; apothecia black, minute, sessile, lecidetform, sporal mass indistinct ; spores nigrescent, oblong, or oblongo-cylindrical, conspicuously l-septate ; hypothecium rubricoso-fuscescent. On oak. 1868. Syn :—C. retinens, Nyl. in Flora 1868, p. 161. Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. (1868). “Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad. (JVyl.) ** Saxicole. 16. C. citrinum, (Leight.) parasitic on thallus of Lecidea lucida ; stipes short and stout or elongated, rusty-brown, flavo-pulverulent, capitulum globose, sporal mass yellowish-brown ; spores minute, linear-oblong, simple, or uniseptate, fuscescent. On the under surface of stones in walls. 1856. Syn:—Coniocybe citrina, Leight. Ann. & Mag. N. H, 4 i tne a oo : ig. nn. ag. N. H. 1857. p. 180. Nyl. Syn. Fie :—Ann. and Mag. N, Hist. t. 8. f. 9, Nyl. Syn. t. 7. £. 1. Exs :—Leight. 269, Zw, 286. Rab. 787, Grog. DistR1B :—Saxony. oor Prov om ee ALES :—Between Corwen and Bala ! (1856). Tygwyn ! ea of Aloe eee i near Tremadoc, ( ne eee eon NGLAND :—Stavely, near Kendal. Westmurel i Cue ry: estmoreland, and Dent, Yorkshire, ScorLanD :—Glen Fender, Blair Athole, Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 45 “Spores .0015 to .002 in. long. by .0005 in. broad.” (AMudd.) “Spores gr a long. .0025—35 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .008 mm. long. .003 min. broad. C. Spores 3-septate, 17. C. septatum, (Leight.) obsolete ; apothecia brownish-black, stipes short, stout and smooth, capitulum clavato-pyriform, truncate, incurved at the margin; disk depressed, dark brown; spores 8, very large, elliptical, 3-septate, wmber-coloured, cells granular. Parasitic on thallus of Thelotrema lepadinum and on holly. 1856. Syn :—Sphinctrina septata, are in Ann. and Mag. N. Hist. 1857. p. 132. C. eusporum, Nyl, Syn. 160. Mudd Man. 256. C. trajectum, Nyl. Fic :—Ann. and Mag. N. Hist. 1857. t. 8. f. 20. 24. Nyl. Syn. t. 5. £. 28. Exs :—Zw. 21. Leight. 228. Arn. 152. Mudd 242. Anzi Ital. S. 47. Rabh. 757. Groce. DistR1B:—Bavaria, France. Bor. Prov :—2...10...19...36 ENGLAND :—Ingleb ‘Park, Brantsdale, Farndale, Bousgale Gill, Hoggarts vo Cleveland, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd, (1859). New Forest, Rev. J. M. a TRELAND :—Near Killarney and Old Deer Park, Castlemartyr, co. Cork ; Glenbower, Killeagh. Mr.Carroll. Lough Inagh! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .008 to .012 in. long, by. 00325 to .004in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .018—36 mm. long, .007—.011 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .044—.052 mm. long, .018 —.019 mm. broad. All the authentic specimens of C. trajectum, Nyl. which I have received from Mr. Crombie and Mr, Larbalastier, are precisely identical with my C. septatum. 18.. C. byssacewm, Fr. obsolete ; apothecia minute, slender, dis- persed ; spores nigrescent, oblongo-fusiform, simple or ultimately 1—3-septate. On dead alder twigs and sloe, rare. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 309. Nyl. Syn. 160."Crombie in Journ. Bot. n, ». 2.133. Fria :—Nyl. Syn. t. 5. f. 27. Exs :—Fellm. 19. Fries Scand. 48. Anzi Langob. 264. Grog. Distris :—Scandinavia, East Lapland, Sweden, Lombardy, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—5...7...15. , EnoGuanp :—Hay Park, Herefordshire ! ScotLAND :—Banks of the Garry, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1873). Wass :—Tan-y-bwlch Wood, Capel fh Mr. W. Phillips. Dolgelley ! “Spores .015—23 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (yl.) III. CONIOCYBE. Ach. Ny. Thallus leprose or powdery, effuse or evanescent. Apothecia yellow or pale (not black), stipitate, excipulum very open. Spores spherical, colourless or flavescent, forming the globoso-pulverulent capitulum. 1. C. furfuracea, Ach. sulphureous or sulphureo-virescent, apo- thecia sulphureo-suffused, or with flavovirescent, naked, elongate stipites, sporal mass yellow or pale umber ; spores colourless or pale fuscescent, spherical, minute. On roots of trees and sandy ground, not common. 1805. Syn :—C. furfuracea, Ach. in V. Ak, H. 1816, p. 288. Mudd Man, 262. Nyl. Syn. 16). Bot, 1589, Ann, & Mag. N. H. 1857, t. 8, f. 14, Nyl. Synet. 5-f. 87 xs: Scheer. 14, M. & N, 1238. Leight, 225. Anzi Ital. 8. 35, Hepp 758. Grog. Disteis :—Europe, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Lapland, N. America. 46 THE LICHEN-FLORA Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11, 12...14, 15...30. Encianp :—Near Bury, Suffolk. Rev. G. R. Leathes. (1805). Dorking and Esher, Surrey ; near Halesworth, Suffolk; Shanklin, Isle of Wight ; Henfield Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Cumberland! Mrs, Stanger. Red Wood, Cotteswold, near Cheltenham. Mr. Lees. Oswestry ; Ludlow, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Brantsdale, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. near Gatehead, Durham. Mr. Robertson. Bartley Lodge, New Forest. Mr. Lyell. Cow Close, near Ravensworth, and Long Acre Wood, Durham ; Felton Wood ; Wansbeck ; Wallington; North- umberland. Mr. Winch. near Stourbridge, Worcestershire. Mr. Scott. Black- water! Hants. Mr. Joshua. Chiselhurst, Kent. Mr. Howse. Huglith! near Church Stretton; High Rock! near Bridgnorth; near Berrington! and Boreton! Broomhall! near Oswestry; Grinshill! Shropshire. ScotLanp :—Edinburgh. Dr Maingay. Cramb’s Wood, near Glammis, For- farshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Aberfeldy, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Largo! Fifeshire. Rev. C. Howie. TRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Watss :—Edderton ! Montgomeryshire ; Betwys-y-Coed ! “Spores .00075 in. diam.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .0025—.003 mm. diam.” (yl. ) Spores .002—.003 mm. diam. Var. sulphurella, Fr. cinerascent, very thin, or obsolete ; apothecia very slender. On old trees, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Fries L. E, p. 382, (1831); Nyl. Scand. 44. Syn. 162. Mudd Man. 262. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 18. f. 154, Exs :—Scher. 639. Hepp 154. Nyl. 7. Arn. 318. Korb. 292. Grog. DistRiB :—Europe, Sweden, Switzerland, France, Bavaris, Germany. Bort. Prov :—2. Eneianp :—New Forest, Hants. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). Var. fulva, (L.) greenish yellow, apothecia more compact and with shorter stipites. On dead stems of Rosa canina, rare. 1870. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 382. Nyl. Syn. 162. Mudd Man. 262, Mucor fulvus, Linn. Sp. 1655. Cal. aciculare, Ach. « Fie: —Wahlob. in V. A. H. 1806. t. 4. f. 7. Exs :—Scher. 296. ScorLanD :—Base of Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870). 2. C. pallida, Fr. albicant, very thin, or obsolete ; apothecia small, stipes hyaline or pale yellow, rarely fuscescent upwards, capitulum globose, sporal mass white or pallescent ; spores colour- less, spheerical, large. On trees, rare. 1805. Syn :—C. pallida, Fr. Sched. Crit. 1, p. 3. Nyl. Syn. 163, Mudd Man. 262. Fra :—E. Bot. 2557. Ann, & Mag. N.H. 1857, ¢. 8, £. 16. Nyl. Syn. t. 5, f, 38. Exs :—Scher. 7. Zw. 101, 102. Tuck. 146. Hepp 44, 155. Reich. & Schub. 146. Smrft. 54. Z Groce. Distrip :—Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Pyrenees, N. America. Bor. Prov :—3...9...11. Eneianp :—Near Eglestone, Durham ; East Common Wood, near Hexham and Felton. Mr. Winch. (1805.) Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman, Clougha, Lancashire. Mr. R. Jacob. Oxford. Mr. Bazter. pies -00125 in. diam.” (Mudd.) “Spores .004A—9 mm. diam.” (Nyi.) Spores .008 mm. diam. 3. C. hyalinella, Nyl. nearly obsolete; apothecia with a slender hyaline stipes, sporal mass globose, white or pallido-rufescent; spores colourless, spherical, very minute. On old wood, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 33. (1861) ; Syn. 164. Crombie En. 14. Fic :—Nyl. Syn. t. 5. £ 40. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 47 Exs :—M. & N, 1162. Arn, 317, Gxoc. DistR1B :—Switzerland, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—10. ENcLanp :—Brantsdale, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (1865) ** Spores .0025—.004 mm. diam.” (Wyl.) Spores .003— 004 mm. diam. IV. TRACHYLIA. fr. pr. p. yl. Thallus thin, granulose, or subleprose, or foreign. Apothecia black, sessile, cupuliform, open, sporal mass black. Spores nigri- cant or fuscous-black, ellipsoid or oblong, 1-septate, rarely pluris- eptate. Spermatia oblong or ellipsoid. l. TZ. tigillaris, Fr. flavo-virescent or citrine, granulose or granu- loso-areolate ; apothecia black, innate or slightly prominent ; spores fusco-nigricant, oblong or ellipsoid, l-septate. (K—) On old posts, pales, &c., rare. 1805. Syn :—Z, tigillaris, Fr. eae p. A ne yl Syn. 165. Mudd Man. 254. Fie :—E. Bot. t, 1530. Nyl. Syn. t. 5 Exs :—M. & N. 1067. Scher. 451, fie sp 169, Rab, 214, Zw. 284. Anzi It. 8. 44, Mudd 240. Smrft. 139. Reich, & Schub. 56 GEroe. saa ee Cae Uojwadand, Italy. Bot. Prov :—3. ENGLAND yeah Chase, Mr. Dickson. (1805). Walthamstow, Loughton, Essex, Mr. E Forster. Southtown, near ean aa Mr. D. Turner. Herring- fleet, Suffolk. Rev G. R. Leathes. Colchester. Rev. . M. Crombie. Felixtow, Suffolk. Mr, Larbalestier. «Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .00175 to .002 in broad,” (Mudd). ‘Spores -015—25 mm, long, .008—.011 mm, broad, spermatia ellipsoid. ”(Nyl.) 2. 2. tympanella, Fr. albicant or cinerascent, granulose or granuloso-concrescent ; apothecia black, prominent, margin of excipulum cinereo-or albo-suffused, sporal mass black, slightly ctinereo-pruinose ; spores fuscous, oblong, l-septate. (K +) On posts, palings, &c., very common. 1800. Syn :—Z. tympanella, Fr. Scand. ft P ay Syn. 166. Mudd Man. 254. Fic :—E. Bot. 810. Nyl. Syn. t 5. Exs :—M. & N. 859, Scher. 438. fone 980. 881. Anzi It. 8. 45. Langob. 211. Leight. 88 Mudd 240. Grog. Distris :—Scandinavia, Switzerland, Italy, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...10...31. a ee: Yarmouth. Mr. D. Turner. (1800). Parton, Gloucestershire. Mr. W. Joshua. Penshurst; Brasted; near Egerton; Dunk’s Green, near Hadlow, Kent. Mr, Holmes. Essex. Mr. Sowerby, ‘Ayton, Rosedale Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Exminster Marshes, Devon. Mr. Parfitt pnehenad Hill! Wrekin! Sutton ! near Shrewsbury ! Aymestrey ! Herefordshir IRELAND :—Curraghmore, near Waterford. Adm. Tigh Cuannex Istanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .0015 to .00175 in broad.” (Mudd). ‘‘ Spores -010—18 mm. long, .007—. 012mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 3. TZ. stigonella, Fr. parasitic on Pertusarie ; apothecia scarcely prominent, entirely black, plane ; spores fusco-nigricant, ellipsoid, T-septate, obtusely rotundate at the apices. On old oaks. In T. stigonella, the reaction K is at first bright yellow, then changing to sanguineous. Syn: —Z, stigonella, By Scand. p. 282, Nyl, Syn. 167, Mudd Man. 254. Fie: aes Syn. t..5, 1.33. Exs :—M. & N. 858. ‘Hepp 332, Scher, 502. Nyl, 17, Zw. 209, Leight, 226. Arn. 905, Crombie 11. 48 THE LIOHEN-FLORA Grog. Distr :—France, Germany, Switzerland, Bavaria, Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7...10...11. ENGLAND :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev, J. Harriman. Easby Wood, and near Ingleby, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Essex! Mr. H, Pigott. Llanforda and Middleton Lane, near Onvenrys Shropshire! Rev. 7. Salwey. Oakwood and Dilston Park, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. near Lyndhurst and Brockenhurst, New Forest. Rev J. M. Crombie. Oakley Park, near Ciren- cester! Mr. W. Joshua. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. Wates :—Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey, ‘Spores .0025 to .003 in. long, by .0015 broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .009— .017 mm. long, .007- .010 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores 016—.018 mm. Jong, .007—.009 mm. broad, Trisze Il. SPHAROPHOREI. Thallus fruticulose, ramose and ramulose, the apices subgloboso- incrassate enclosing the apothecia ; apothecia nucleiform, enclosed, ultimately exposed by the dehiscence of the thalline covering; sporal mass black. I. SPHAZROPHORON. Pers. Thallus ceespitoso-fruticulose, smooth, polished, fragile ; apothe- cia seated on the apices of the thallus, receptacle irregularly and variously dehiscent. Spores nigricant or violaceo-nigricant, spherical or subglobose, covered with a black powder. Spermatia oblong. 1. S. compressum, Ach. pallido-albicant, ramose, plano-compressed,; apothecia obliquely innate on the apices, receptacle lacero-dehiscent or discoid and open ; spores nigricant, spherical. (K—) On rocks, rare. 1799. Syn :—S. compressum, Ach. Meth. p. 185, Nyl. Syn. 170. Mudd Man, 264. Fic: E. Bot 114 Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 1. f. 3. Exs :—Rab. 43. Mudd 254, Anzi Langob. 422. Reich. & Schub. 48. Groc,. Distrip :—France, Switzerland, Germany, N. & S. America, Austra- lasia, Ceylon. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7,8 10, 11 ..14, 15...26...31. ENGLAND :—Tunbridge. Mr. E. Forster. Cromford Moor, near Matlock. Siri J E. Smith. Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Falcon Clints, Teesdale. Mr. Baker, High Green Wood, Heptonstall, Yorkshire. Dr Carrington. Farndale and Hobhole, York- shire! Mr. Mudd. Kielder, Northumberland. Prof, Balfour. Craigforda and Mynydd-y-Myfyr, near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. clestone A Kintsley ; Muggleswick ; Durham ; Shaftoe Crags ; Harbottle Moor; Gunne1- ston Crags; Cheviot ; Hedgehope ; Simonside ; Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills, Worcestershire ; Sugar-loaf, Monmouthshire. Mr. Purton. Ar- dingley rocks, Sussex Mr. W. Joshua. Dartmoor Tors. Messrs Jones and King- ston, ScorLanp :—Dunearn, near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Clova mountains, Mr. G. Don. Killin and Lochaber J ev. J. M. Crombie. IrELAND:—Connemara, Di. Moore. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Killamey Mr. Carroll. Dawross River! Diamond Mountain! co. Galway Mr. Larbalestier. Wass :—Cwm Bychan, near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Aberdovey. Rev. A, Bloxam. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Guernsey Rev. 7. Salwey. ‘*Spores .0015 to 00175 in diam.” (Mudd) ‘‘Spores .007—.011 mm diam.” (ul) Spores -006— 007 mm. diam. 2. iS. coralloides, Pers. pale or whitish or reddish-brown, minutely and copiously branched, round, shining ; apothecia black, terminal, globose, receptacle irregularly dehiscent above, persistent 3 spores violacio-nigricant, spherical. (K—) I medulla blue. On rocks, common. 1794. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 49 Syn :—S. coralloides, Pers. in Ust, N, Ann. 1. p. 23, Ny]. Syn. 171. Mudd Man. 263. Fie :—E. Bot. 115. Leight. Ang. Lich. t.1 f. 1 Exs :—Scher. 453 Hepp 217. M. & N. 262, Mudd 253, Anzi. Langob, 421. Welw. 49. Tuck. 50. Grog. Distr1B :—Europe Madeira, Antarctic America, Australasia. Bor. Prov:—1, 2, 3...5...7, 8...10, 11...14...16,..18, 19. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer Bilsdale, Yorkshire. Mr. Teesdale. (1794). Mynydd-y-Myfyr and Craigforda! Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Derbyshire. Mr Bohler. Cromford Moor, near Matlock. Sir J. E. Smith. Murton Craigs. Penmanshiel. Dr. G. Johnston. near Castle Karn Bre, Cornwall, Messrs Turner & Sowerby. Part’s Crags; Stockdale Gill; Giggles-wick Farm ; near Park, beyond Ingleton, Yorkshire, Dr. Windsor. Teesdale ; Weardale ; Durham. Cheviot; Simonside; Hedgehope; House-steads ; Cunnerton Crags ; near Harbottle and Heddon-on-the-wall, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills, Worcestershire ; Sugar-loaf, Monmouthshire. Mr. Purton. Hungershall Rocks, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Ardingley Rocks, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Stiperstones ! Caer Caradoc ! ScoTLanD :—Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville, Highlands and Lowlands. Sir. W. J. Taber Long Island; Arran; Hebrides, Prof, Balfour. Garrynahine. Dr. Lindsay. IREvaAND :—Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Lough Bray, Adm. Jones, Killarney, Dr. Carrington. Wa es :—Cwm Bychan, Rev. 7. Salwey, Barmouth! Mr, Lees, Holyhead Mountain ! Capel Curig! Aran Mowddy! Cwm Cywion! CuanneEL Istanps :—Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark, Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .00175 in. long, by .001 to ,0015 in, broad.” (Afudd.) ‘Spores .009— ,015 mm, diam.” (Wyl.) Spores .009—,011 mm. diam. 3. &. fragile, Pers. whitish, lurido-cinerascent or brownish, round, sparingly branched, densely ccespitose ; apothecia black, ter- minal, globose, receptacle irregularly dehiscent above, persistent ; spores violaceo-nigricant, spherical or globoso-ellipsoid. (K+) medulla I—. On rocks, common. Syn :—S. fragile, Pers. in Ust. N. Ann. 1. f. 23, Nyl. Syn. 172, Mudd Man, 4, Fia¢ :—E. Bot. 2474. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 1, f. 2. Exs :—M. & N. 263. Anzi It. S 34. Fellm. 21. Hepp 664. Scher. 15. Grog. Distr :—Europe, Arctic Europe, Antarctic America. Bot. Prov:—t, 2...5...8...10...14, 15...18, 19...29. ENGLAND :—St. Cleere, near Liskeard. Messrs. Turner & Sowerby. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire! Rev A Bloxam. Craigforda, near Oswestry! Rev, T. Salwey. Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd, Harrogate, Yorkshire. Mr, Teesdale Cheviot ; Hedgehope; Simonside; Harbottle; Northumberland, Weardale and_Tees- dale, Durham. Mr. Winch, Ardingley rocks, Sussex, Mr. W. Joshua. Sheeps Tor and other Tors on Dartmoor, Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Stiperstones Hill! Shropshire, ScorLanD :—Pentland Hills! Dr, Greville. Hebrides, Prof. Balfour, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Malin Head, co. Donegal. Dr. Dickie. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. “Spores .007—,016 mm, diam.” (Vyl.) Spores .007—.013 mm, diam. Serres If. CLADODEI. Thallus generally erect ; apothecia terminal on podetia (rarely without), biatorine, rarely lecanorine ; spores 8, colourless, gener- ally oblong and simple, sometimes elongate and septate ; para- physes distinct. Tribe. Il]. BASOMYCEL Thallus horizontally expanded, crustaceous. Apothecia pale or rufescent, sessile or podetiiformi-stipitate; spores simple or septate. E 50 THE LICHEN-FLORA I. GOMPHILLUS. (yl. Thallus very thin, consisting of spherical gonidia and irregular filaments conglutinated. Apothecia stipitate, small, corneous. Spores 8, filiform, multiseptate. Paraphyses indistinct. Sterig- mata simple. Spermatia slender, cylindrical, straight. 1. G. calycioides, Nyl. cincrascent or cinereo-virescent, thin, effuse or obsolete ; apothecia small, stipitate, capitulum subtur- binate, nigricant ; spores very long, cylindrical, 60-100-septate. On mosses, &c., rare. Syn :—G. calycioides, Nyl. Prodr. p. 146. Syn. 175, Fic :—Ny)l, Syn. t. 7. f. 3. Exs :—Rab. 736, Mass, 85, Anzi Langob, 17, Grog. DisTRIB :— France, Italy, Bot. Prov :—7...19...26. IRELAND :—Carig Mountain, co. Kerry, Dr. Taylor, Turk Mountain, Killar- ney. Mr Carroll. Letter Hill! 5 miles from Kylemore, Mr. Larbalestier. e Irish plant is the var. microcephala, Nyl. Syn, 175, ‘‘minor, apotheciis minoribus parum stipitatis.” WALES :—Dolgelley! Mr. W. Phillips. ‘* Spores 160—200 mm. long.” (Wyl.) Il. BHOMYCES. Pers. Thallus crustaceous, pulvereous, granulose or squamulose- Apothecia biatorine, sessile or stipitate. Sterigmata articulate. Spermatia cylindrical, straight. 1. B. rufus, DC. albo-virescent or albido-glaucescent, thin, effuse, minutely granulose or squamulose or leprose, granules depressed (K. yellow) ; apothecia carneo-rufescent or carneofuscescent, some- what convex, immarginate, stipes moderate or very short, whitish ; spores 6 or 8, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple, colourless. On earth and stones, not uncommon. Syn :—B. rufus, DC. Fl. Fr. 2. p. 342, Nyl. Syn. 176, Mudd Man. 63. Fic :—E. Bot. 373 Nyl. Se t. 1. f. 12. t. 6. £. 12. 13. 14. Exs :—Tuck. 41. Anzi It. 8, 32, 33. Fellm, 22. Nyl. 27. M. & N. 70. Scher. 32. Mudd 30. Larb. 6. Leight. 178. Stenh. 135. Geroc. Distr1B :—Europe, America, N. Zealand. Bor, Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11...18, 14, 15...20.. 26...31. ENGLAND :—Epping Forest and Hornsey Wood. Sir J. E. Smith. Berwick- on-Tweed. Dr. G. Johnston. Whitsuncliffe ! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. near Ayton! Cleveland, Mr. Mudd. Dartmoor and Lustleigh Cleeve, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Ampthill, Beds. Rev. C. Abbot. Scotswood ; Heaton Denes ; Caervoran ; Twizell Dene, Northumberland. Mr, Winch. Shotover Hill, Oxford. Mr. Baxter. Tip- tree Heath, Warley, Essex. Mr. Varenne, Guestling, Sussex. Rey. E. N. Bloom- field. Rowlands Gill, Durham. Rev. W. Johnson. Brasted ; _Ightham Common; Rusthall Common, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Brampton Brian Park! Herefordshire. Stiperstones! Haughmond Hill! Whitecliffe Woods, near Ludlow! between Hopton and Great Ness! Long Mynd! Shropshire, ScoTLanD :—Glasgow. Sir J. E. Smith. Rosslyn and Auchindenny Woods; Brand Hermitage, near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Baldovan; Sidlaw Hills. Mr’ W. Gardiner. Den of Balthayock, Perthshire! Dr. Ogilvie. Kinfauns, Perth ! a Lindsay. ea Gina Het. J. M. Crombie, RELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Tully! co. Galway. Mr. La i Wates :—Barmouth! Builth! - : se ads oo IsLanDs :—Rozel Manor, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier, Guernsey. Rev. . Salwey. When hydrate of potash is applied, the thallus becomes yellow (K-- ) but i has no effect on the apothecia (K—). The thallus when ae ee OF GREAT BRITAIN, 51 minutely depresso-granular, but when growing on the earth the granules become squamulose, and it then constitutes the variety carncus, Flk. D.L. 8 which occurs in the Channel Islands, and at Glengariff, Tisland. see Larb. 7. “Spores .001 to .00125 in. long, by .0005 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores -006—12 mm. long, °0083—4 mm. oe (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .007—12 mm. long, -0025—.004 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Forma sessilis, Nyl. apothecta small, cinerascenti-carneous, sessile, On rocks, rare, 1876. Syn :—Nyl. Syn. p. 177 (1858) B. rupestris, Pers. in Ust. Ann. 1. p. 19, Exs :—Fellm. 23 Anzi Langob. 423. Geog. Distrip :—E. Lapland. Lombardy. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Galway Road! Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). 2. B. roseus, Pers. whitish, granuloso-crustaceous, (K faint yellow) ; apothecia roseo-carneous or albo-carneous, subglobose, stipitate, (K orange) ; stipes white, roundish, short; spores 6 or 8, fusiformi-oblong or fusiform, simple or obsoletely 1-septate ; iod. faint blue. On the earth, rare. Syw :—Pers. in Ust. N. Ann. 1. p. 19. Nyl. Syn. 179. Mudd Man. 63. Fic :—E. Bot. 374. Nyl. Syn. t. 6. f. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20, 21. Exs :—Nyl. 26. M. & N. 71. Anzi It. S. 31. Mudd 31, Scher. 31. Hepp 119. Mass. 82. Tuck. 40. Leight. 355. Smrf. 156, Reich. and ¢chub. 16. Groc Distrrp :— Europe, America, N. Zealand. Bor. Prov:—1...3, 4, 5...7...10, 11...14, 15...19.,.25, 26. Eneianp :—Kielder, Northumberland. Prof. Balfour. Carlton Beck! and Lounsdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Ampthill, Beds. kev. C. Abbot. Bovey Heathfield Devon. Messrs, Jones & Kingston. Top of West Allen Carrs, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Ightham Common; Toy Hill, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. ScoTLaNnpD :—Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Baldovan, Sidlaw Hills and Clova. Mr. W. Gardiner. Blaeberry Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Near Clonmel ! Mr. Wright. Connemara. Dr. Moore, Killarney. Dr. Carrington. - Wates :—Valley above Borthwnog ; Hendreforion and near Barmouth. Rev. T Salwey. Montgomeryshire. Sir J. Smith. Crib Coch ! Snowdon. “Spores .004 to .006 in. long, by .005 in. broad.” (Afudd.) ‘“‘ Spores .011—26 mm. long, .0025—.003 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .011—26 mm. long, .002—3 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .017—.021 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. 3. B. placophyllus, Ach. whitish or glaucescent, crustaceo- imbricate, adnate, corrugate or squamoso-lobate, plicate and sub- crenulate, (K yellow); apothecia carneo-rufescent or carneo- Fuscescent, stipitate, (K—) stipes apically divided, and bearing several aggregate and confluent apothecia ; spores oblongo-ellipsord, simple. On the earth, very rare. Syn :—B. placophyllus, Ach. Meth. p. 322. Nyl. Syn. 180. Mudd Man. 63, Fig :—Ach. Meth. t. 7. f. 4. Exs :—Tuck. 42, Arn. 448. : Geca Distr :—N. Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov -—5...7...11, 12...15 Encuanp :— Cumberland! Mrs. Stanger. Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Long- mynd! Shropshire. ScoTLaND :—Sidlaw Hills. Mr. W. Gardiner. Foot of Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. Grampians ; Braemar; Morrone. Rev. J. M. Crombie. WALES :—At foot of Cader Idris. Mr. Ralfs. Arran Fowddy. Mr. Borrer. rocks behind Union Workhouse, Corwen; Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. Cwm Cywion ! 52 THE LICHEN-FLORA “Spores .0025 in. long. by .0005 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .010—15 mm. long. .0035—.004 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .010—15 mm. long. .002—4 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 4. B temadophilus, (Ehrh.) glaucescent or whitish, granulato- rugose or subleprose, moderate, (K yellow) ; apothecia pale flesh- coloured, discoid, biatorine, plane, or sub-lecanorine, (K brown) ; spores 6 or 8, fusiform, 1-3 septate ; iod. pale blue. On the earth, not common. Syn :—L. icmadophilus, Ehrh. Phytogr. No. 40. Nyl. Syn. 183, Mudd Man, 64. Fic :—E. Bot. 872. Nyl. Syn. t. 6. f. 7, 8,9, 10, 11. & t. 7. £. 2. Eixs :—M. & N. 173. Tuck. 43. Mass. 5. Anzi It. S. 224. Hepp 137. Mudd 32. Fellm. 24. Scher. 46. Reich. & Schub, 27. Leight. 209. Geroc. DistriIB :—Europe, N. America, E. Indies. Bor. Prov :—2...4...8...10...26. ENGLAND :—Matlock. Sir J. E. Smith. Yorkshire! Mr. Dixon. Guisboro’ Moor! and Oggeray Gill! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbott. Houghton Moor, Yorkshire. Mr. Teesdale. Moughton, near Settle. Dr. Windsor. Ardingley, Sussex. Mr. Larbalastier. Scottanp :—Long Island. Prof. Balfour. Den of Balthayock, Perthshire i Dr. Ogilvie. Grampians. Aev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers ; Ben More; Crain- larich. Dr. Holl, TRELAND :—Pass of Keim-an-Eigh-Wist, co. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Salrock! Kylemore ! Connemara, Mr. Larbalastier. ‘ALES :—Cwm Bychan! Rev. T. Salwey. near Dolgelley! “* Spores .0035 to .0045 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .0183—27 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .013—27 mm. long, .004—6 mum. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .033 mm. long. .008 mm. broad, Trize IV. CLADONIEI. Thallus partly or entirely laciniato-foliolose, or squamoso- foliolose, or fruticulose or ceespitose, with fistulose podetia, often ramose. Apothecia biatorine, or cephalodine, convex, immar- ginate, on the podetia, rarely on the leaflets. Spores simple. I. CLADONIA, Hof'm. Thallus either tubulose or laciniiform, podetia generally dilated at the apex into scyphi ; thallus generally foliolose, or squamulose at the base, sometimes only granuloso-crustaceous, Apothecia variously coloured, but never black, internally hollow. Spores small, oblong. Sus-cenus I. Pycnornenra. Ach. Duf. Nyl. Thallus crustaceous ; podetia clavate, papilleform, simple or branched, glabrous ; apothecia fuscous. * Reaction, (K-+C—). 1. P. papillaria, Duf. pale and yellowish, granuloso-crustaceous; podetia small (4 inch), erect, clavato-cylindrical, simple or branched. Heathy ground, not common. Syn :—Duf. Rev. Clad. 5. (1818). Nyl. Syn. 185. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 907. Dill. t. xvi. f. 28, Bei D.F, t. 22. Exs :—Leight. 208. Gxoc. DistTR1p :—Europe, N, America. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7, 8..,10, 11, 12...15, 16...19, .23, 24...26. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 53 EnciLanp :—Westmoreland! Mrs. Stanger. Yorkshire! Messrs. Dixon & Mudd. Bournemouth, Hants! Rev A Bloxam. Craigforda. Rev. T, Salwey, Ravensworth ;_Butsfield; Woodlands; Eglestone; Durham; Cheviot; Hedgehope; Wallington Moors, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Ardingley Rocks ! Sussex. Mr, Joshua. ScorLanD :—Appin! Capt. Carmichael, Ben Nevis! Sir W. J, Hooker. Loch Callater! Mr. Croall. IRELAND :—South of Ireland Dr. Taylor, Howth. Adm. Jones. Doneraile Mountains; Kilkee. Mr. Carroll. Killarney. Miss Hutchins. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Donghruagh Mountain ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Near Barmouth; Llandrindod Wells, Radnorshire. Rev. 7, Salwey. Llyn Crafnant! Sus-cenus II. Craponta, Hoffm. Nyl. Thallus leafy ; podetia scyphiphorous or branched, more or less pulveraceous and squamose; apothecia terminal, biatorine, pale or red. A. Pheeocarpe, apothecta fuscous or pale. * Reaction, (Kf + C+). 1, C. endivicfolia, Fr. thallus macrophylline, spreading, yellow- green above, whitish beneath, dacinie (1—2 inch) long, multifid, rotundo-crenate at the apex ; podetia rare, small, cylindrical, from upper surface of the lacinie ; apothecia pale or fuscous. Dry heaths and rocks, rare. Distinct from aleicornis, (K—C +) by the different reaction. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 212. (1831). Nyl. Syn. 189. Tic :—E. Bot. t. 2361. Mich. Gen. t. 24. f. 3. Exs :—Scher. 456. Nyl. 106. Larbal. 56. Groce. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Algeria, Canaries. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4...6...15...20...31. EneLanp :—Surrey. Mr. Dickson. (1795). Yarmouth. Mr. D. Turner. New- haven, Sussex; Start Point, Devon; Esher, Surrey. Mr. Borrer, Rackham Common! Sussex. Mr. Jenner. Lustleigh Cleve, near Moreton, Devon. Mr, Parfitt. Hightor ; Bottor Rock, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. ScotLtanp :—Carse of Ardesier! Mr. Croall. IrELAND :—Glengariff. Adm. Jones. Waxes :—Giltar Point, Tenby! Rev. 7, Salwey, Cuasnex Istanps:—Guernsey. Rev, T. Salwey. Jersey ! Mr, Larbalestier. ** Reaction, (K + C +). 2. C. pungens, Flk. thallus squamulose, evanescent ; podetia Fruticose, (1—3in.) erect, much and intricately-branched, attenuato- subulate, and divergenti-furcate at the apex, pale greyish green, glabrous, more or less sub-decorticate, or adnately verrucose, and squamose ; apothecia small, subspherical, pale. . Hilly slopes, common. 1812. Syn :—Flk. Clad. 156, (1828) Nyl. Syn. 107. Fig .—E. Bot. t. 2444. Dill. t xvi. £. 30. Exs :—Leight, 16. 369 374. : Geoc. Distriz :— Europe, Africa, India, Tropical America, S. America, Australasia. Bor, Prov:—2, 3, 4...7...15...26. Tinetanp :—Esher Common! Surrey. Mr. Borrer. (1812) Thetford! Sir W. J. Hooker. Basingstoke! Kent, and Winchfield! Hants. Mr. R. S. Hill. Morant’s Court Hill; Lydd Beach, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Scornanp:—Tay Bank, West Water; White Hill; Baldoran Woods! For- farshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Blaeberry Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. JRELAND :—Near Tully ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. 54 THE LICHEN-FLORA Wa tes :—Barmouth. CHayneEL IsLAnpDs :—Jdersey. Mr. Larbalestier. o 5 ‘A foliaceous form (f. foliosa, Flk = Mudd Brit. Clad. 56 !) in a dense entan- gled depressed mass, occurs in Durham! Kent! and Leicestershire! and Hants! and is identical with nivea, Ach. spec. in hb. Kew! The smooth pale greyish-green cortex is more or less parted by irregular whitish reticulations, and often becomes sub-decorticate, with adnate verruce. which sometimes are developed into scales or leaflets. This is also the case in furcata, but the different chemical reaction will always distinguish them. 3. C. turgida, Hffm. whitish or glauco-cinerascent, basal leaflets laciniiform, variously divided and crenate, more or less ascending, podetia smooth, squamoso-decorticate, turgido-cylindrical, branched, slightly dilated, and open at. the truncate, dentato-radiate apices. In rocky mountain ranges, rare. 1870. : Syn :—Hffm. Fl. Germ. 124. (1795). Nyl. Scand. 55. Crombie En. 20, Beeomyces parecha, Ach! Syn. 350. Exs :—Fellm. 87. Tuck. 24. Fries 147. (fide Nyl). Grog. DrstR1B :—Northern Europe, Asia, Himalayas, N. America, Chili. Bot. Prov :—15. ScoTLanp :—Braemar, Grampians. Rev. J, M, Crombie. (1870). Moffat. Rev, W. Johnson. 4. C. Lamarck, (Del.) according to Nyl. in Flora 1875 p. 447 is represented by Coem. Clad. Belg. 91 & 93, and is distin- guished by K tinging the thallus of a slight yellow which quickly changes to a pale ochraceous tint and by the impervious scyphi. It is said to have been found on the ground, rare, (1875.) at Appin, Argyleshire, by Rev. J. JL. Crombie. *** Reaction, (K + C—). 5. CC. cervicornis, Scher. thallus macrophylline, ccespitose, sub- erect, narrowly laciniato-multyid, crenate, cartilaginous, glaucous- green above, white beneath, purplish-black at the base ; podetia from disk of lacinie, short, slender, smooth or subverrucose, scy- phiferous ; scyphi simple and leafless, or irregularly proliferous, and more or less syuamose. Hills and rocky places, common. 1782. Syn:—Scher. Enum. 195. (1850). Nyl. Syn. 197, in part; a, and b. Mudd Brit. Clad. 4. Cl. gracilis a, Mudd Man. 54. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2574. Exs :—M. & N. 749. Scher. 457. Groc. Distris :—Europe, Anstralasia. Bor. Prov :—1...3...5...7...10, 11...13, 14, 15, 16...18, 19...26...31. EENGLAND :—Dartmoor! Rusthall Common! Kent. Mr. Borrer. Yorkshire ! Mr. Mudd. Butsfield, Durham. Mr. Winch. Rusthall Common, Kent. Mr. Jenner. West Allen, Carrs, Northumberland. Rev. W Johnson. Shropshire ! ScortanD :—Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh. Sir J. E. Smith. (1782). High- lands! Sir W. J. Hooker. Sidlaw Hills! Mr. W. Gardiner. Ben-na-Bourd ! Mr, Croall. Long Island; Hebrides; Arran. Prof. Balfour, Hartfell, Moffat. Dr Nichol, Dunearn. Dr. Greville. Succoth Hill, Arroquhar! Mr. Mc Kinlay, IRELAND :—Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. River Dawros ! Salrock Road! Kylemore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wane :—Barmouth! Llyn Crafnant ! Cwm Cywion! Gwydir Woods! Bettws- y-coed. : CHANNEL ISLANDS :- Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey; Sark. Mr. Larbales- ver, Laciniz frequently more or less thickened, and slightly recurved at the margins, rimoso-reticulate on upper surface, obscurely longitudinally veined beneath, and minutely verrucose at apex, but these characters do not seem cons’ . id OF GREAT BRITAIN. 55 The different reaction keeps this distinct from gracilis, verticillata, and sobolifera. F. stipata, Nyl. (in Flora 1876 p, 239) basal squame elongate, sublinear, crenato-incised, erect, stipate, rarely fertile. On rocks. TRELAND ;~Kylemore, co, Galway, Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) 6. C. cariosa, Flk. thallus ashy-green, scales minute, crenate, more or less investing the base of the podetia; podetia whitish, 4—1 in. high, cylindrical, dilated upwards, carioso-cancellate or eroso-lacunose, granulato-verrucose, scyphi digitato-partite, fastigiate. On the earth, rare. 1832. The re-action separates from pyxiduta, pityrea, decorticata, degenerans, botrytes and mitrula. I have seen small specimens from Ireland, similar to ‘forma ea u en p 541 and 542, and probably referable to symphycarpa, Ach! in hb, Ki es microphyllus, E. Bot. 1782 is referable to leptophylla of C. pyxidata. Syn : -Flk. Clad. 11. a. per Nyl. Syn. 194. Mudd Man. 55, Fic :—E.Bot. Suppl. t. 2761 Exs :—M. & N, 850. Schzer.510. Geog. Distris :—Europe. N. America, Bor. Prov :—2...4...10, 11...18...19. ENGLAND :—Teesdale!’ Mr. Robertson. (1832). Lound Heath, near Yar- ow Mr. D. Turner, Horsmonden ! Sussex; Ecclesbourne, near Hastings, ». Jenner. St. Leonard’s Forest ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. gg ae :—Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Near Bantry ! Miss Hutchins. 7. @. delicata, Flk. thallus cespitose, microphylline, white or brownish-grey, leaflets minute, eroso-laciniate, lacinie narrow, minutely incised or crenate and granular at the margins ; podetia slender, simple or divided, }in., thickened upwards, cartilaginous, glabrous, longitudinally ribbed or fissured, more or less with granular scales. On old rails, not common. The reaction (K + C—) distinguishes this from cwspititia, Flk. (K—C—), from sguamosa, Hffm. (K—C—), from pyxidata, var. pityrea, (K—C_—), and that and the characters of the podetia, would seem to ally this with cariosa. Syn :—Flk. Clad, 7. (1828). Nyl. Syn. 210, in part ; Scyphophorus parasi- ticus, Hook. Brit. 237. Cenomyce parasitica, Mack. Hib. 80. ; Cladonia squamosa v. delicata. Mudd Man. 56, Brit, Clad. 21. Fie :—E, Bot. t. 2052. Exs :—Leight. 382. Grog. DisrrrB:—Europe, Tropical America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4,5... . 16. ENGLAND :—St. Leonard’s Forest ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Stone Wood, near Greenhithe ; Chelsfield, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Barham, Suffolk, and Holt Wood! Sir W. J. Hooker. Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Bagot’s '3 Park ! Staffordshire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Lanchester, Durham ; Dilstone Park, Cheviot, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Herefordshire ! Shropshire ! ScottanD :—Appin. Cupt. Carmichael, TRELAND :—Common. Dr. Taylor. Var. subsquamosa, Nyl. thallus squamulose; podetia whitish, (1—2 in.), partially glabrous, cartilaginous, longitudinally ribbed or fissured, clothed at intervals at the base with spreading incised and crenate scales, granulate in the upper part, branched, radiato-cristate, subcorymbose. Woods and rocks, rare. 56 THE LICHEN-FLORA Different reaction keeps this distinct from pyxidata var. decorticata, and from squamosa. Sry :—Cladonia squamosa, Nyl. Syn. 209 in part; Scyphophorus sparassus, Hook. Brit. 2. 237. in part; Cenomyce sparassa, Mack. Hib. 8 Exs :—Leight. 405. Bohl. 16. Scher. 74. GEOG. DistRIB : :—N. Europe, N. ees S. America, India. Bor. Prov :—3...5...8...10...19... EnGLanD :—Yorkshire! Mr. hea. Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. Bols- ley, near Thirsk! Mr. J. G@. Baker. Ightham Common, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Shropshire! Rev. 7. Salwey TreLanp :—Dunkerron. Br. Taylor, Killarney. Mr. Carroll, Kylemore ! Mr, Larbalestier. **EE Reaction, (K—C + ). 8. C. aleicornis, Flk. thallus macrophylline, foliaceous, spread- ing, yellow-green above, white beneath, lacinie narrow, palmato- multifid, inciso-crenulate at aper, margins with black fibres ; podetia springing from upper surface of lacinia. Dry heaths, not common. Smaller and narrower than, but similar in general appearance to endiviefolia, from which in Hae above characters, aud the different reaction keep it distinct. Sry :— Clad, 23. (1828). Nyl. Syn. 190; Seyphophorus alcicornis, Hook, coe 238 ; snot 62. Cladonia endiviefolia var. alcicornis, Mudd Man. 52. Brit. lad ae :~Dill. t. xiv. £12. A. + Vaill. Paris. t.. 21. £3; Exs :— Leight. 15. Geroc. DistRIs :-—Europe, Africa, America. Bor. Prov :--1...3, 4, 5...10, 11...14, 15...19...31. ENGLAND :—Near Hengrave, Suffolk and Aldborough! Six 7. Gage. York- shire. Wr. Mudd. Worcestershire. Rev. J. H. Thompson. Houghton Moor, Yorkshire. Air. Teesdale. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Mal- vern Hills, Worcestershire ; Morf, Salop. Mr. Purton. Dartmoor. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Lydd Beach, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Shropshire ! ScoTLaNnD :—Pentland Hills and Dunearn, Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Gram- pians, Rev. J. UF. Crombie. Isle of May, Firth of Forth, Mr, Sadler. TRELAND Killarney. Dr. Carrington. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey, Sark. Mr. Larbales- tier. #eEEX Reaction, (K—C—). 9. C. pyxidata, Fr. thallus squamulose, ashy-green ; podetia cartilagineo-corticate, verrucose, or coarsely eranulato-pulver aceous, or scaly downwards; scyphi cy yathiform, more or less proliferous. Heaths, woods, hedge banks, common. Syv:—Fr, L. E, 216. (1831) ; Nyl. Syn. 192. Mudd Man. 53. Brit. Clad. 7. Scyphophorus pyxidatus, Hook. Brit. 238 ; Cenomyce pyxidata, Hook. Scot, 62; Cenomyce coccifera, Mack. Hib. 81. in part. Fic: —Dill. t. xiv. f. 6. A, f. 6. C, f. 6. IM, f. 9, A. E. Bot. t. 1393, Exs :—Leight. 407. Geog. Distrip :—Europe, India, N. & S. America, Australasia. ea :—Generally rerertigtiunt England, Scotland, Hebrides, Ireland, ‘. and 8. Wales, and Channel Islands. It seems only to create perplexity, to attempt to describe or particularize the innumerable modifications of this polymorphous species, which in reality have no definite limit, and arise from local circumstances of climate, humidity, &e. They may be all readily referred to the following varieties, by careful attention to the prominent character. Var. vera pyxidata, podetia continuously corticate, granulato- vErTUcose. Exs :—Leight. 437 ! OF GREAT BRITAIN. 57 Var. pityrea, Ach, podetia pulverulento-granuloso-furfuraceous, ashey-white, smooth and decorticate, and often ribbed or laciniose in the upper part. Geog. DistRip :—Europe, India, N. and §. and Tropical America, Africa, Australasia. In the Hookerian herb. at Kew there are specimens gathered at Killarney, (hb. D. Turner) and Forfarshire, (A. Croall) identical with acuta, Tayl. which appears to be only a subulate form of pityrea. Var. chlorophea, Flk. podetia pulverulent, granules coarser at the base, sulphury-yellow. Exs :—Larbal. 58. ; ae Distrrp :—Europe, Africa, N. and S, and Tropical America, Aus- ralasia, Var. ceespititia, Flk. thallus ccespitose compressed; leaflets laciniato-lobate, margins crenate, or eroso-laciniate ; podetia arising from disk of lacinize, very short, simple or divided, glabrous, sub- costate, sometimes sub-verrucose or scaly ; apothecia conglomerate, apparently sessile, pale flesh-brown. On earth and rocks, not common. Coémans in Clad. Achar. says he has frequently observed the transition from pityrea into cespititia. The different reaction separates it from delicata. Syn :—Flk. Clad. 8, (1828). Nyl. Syn. 1. 210. Scyphophorus ccespititius, Hook. Brit. 236 ; Cladonia squamosa var ceespititia. Mudd Man. 57. Brit. Clad. 21. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 1796. (orig. spec.in hb. Borrer !) Exs :—Leight. 368 ! Mudd Clad. Brit. 44! Bohl. 72! Grog. Distris :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7...11, 12...15,..19...26...31. ENGLAND :—Hampshire! Mr. Lyell. Ardingley ! Sussex. M1. Jenner. Has- socks ! Sussex, and on Hungershall Rocks! Mr. Borrer. Oldbury Hill, Ightham Kent. Mr. Jenner. Craigforda, Rev. T. Salwey. Pamber Forest, Hants. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Heaton Deane, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Shropshire ! ScotiaNnD :—Loch Katrine ; Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Miss Hutchins & Sir T. Gage !! Killarney. Dr, Carrington, near Lough Inagh, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—Hill above Bodowen, Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Gorey ; Rozel ; Jersey. Mr. Larbalesticr. Var. leptophylla, Fik. thallus squamulose, squamules small, dis persed, rounded, nearly entire; podetia short, simple or divided, glabrous or subverrucose, subcostate ; apothecia solitary, capitate, brown. Wet heathy places, rare. Of this I have seen no British specimens, but possess an authentic one from Dr. Nylander, collected in Java, 7000 ft. alt. Coémans (Clad. Achar.) states that the Acharian herbarium at Helsingsfors, contains a specimen of this lichen from England, and that he considers it as a variety of cariosa, which it certainly generally resembles, but the different reaction keeps them quite distinct. Syn :—Flk. Clad. 19. (1828). Nyl. Syn. 193. Scyphophorus microphyllus, Hook. Brit. 237; Cladonia squamosa var. leptophylla, Mudd Man. 57 ; Cladonia cariosa var. leptophylla, Mudd Brit. Clad. 6. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1782. Exs :—Coém, Clad. Belg. 22! Hepp 543! Geog. Distrip :—France, Switzerland. - Bot, Prov :—2. ENGLAND :—Tilgate and St. Leonard’s Forests, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Var. jfimbriata, Hoffm. thallus white, squamulose; podetia membranaceo-corticate, deliquescing into a fine white impalpable pow- der, sometimes scaly from the base upwards, 58 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Hoffm. Fl. Germ. 121 (1795.) a Syn. 194. Fie :—Dill. t. xiv. f 8 f. 16. A. B.D, F. G.—Vaill. Paris. 21. f. 6.—8, E. Bot. t. 2438. Exs :—Leight. 325! 376! 377! Mudd Brit. Clad. 13! 14! 15! Geoc. Distr1B :—Europe, Africa, India, N. & 8. & Tropical America, South Atlantic, Australasia, South Indian Ocean. Bort. Prov :—1, 2...11. Of this common lichen, there are two conspicuous forms or states :—tube- formis in which the podetia are elongated and trumpet-shaped (Scher. L.H. 58 ! and Leight. 377 !): and cornuto-radiata, in which the podetia are very much elongated, simple, cornute, or irregularly scyphiferous and radiato-fimbriate. (Leight. 376! and Mudd Br. Clad. 19 !) ENGLAND :—Bexhill, Eastbourne, Mr. Roper. North Bovey, Hightor Down, &c., Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumber- land. Rev. W. Johnson. jf. costata, Fik. (Clad. 66) podetia granuloso-pulverulent, at length denuded, and discovering their costate substance. Near Kylemore, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). Var. decorticata, Flk. podetia elongated, cylindrical, attenuated, white, decorticate, sguamose at the base, coarsely granulato-pulverulent above. Syw :—Flk. Clad. 10. (1828) Nyl. Syn. 193. Exs :—Coém. Clad. Belg. 95! 99 ! Groce. Distr1B :—Africa, India, N. Tropical and 8. America, Australasia, Bort, Prov :—7, 8...15, 16...20. ENneanp :—lIueicestershire ! Rev. A. Bloxam. ScorLanD :—Killin ; Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Kilmore, near Fermoy ! Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Aberdovey ! Rev. A Bloxam, 10. @. gracilis, Hoffm. thallus pale ashey-green or livid brown, leaflets at the base often evanescent ; podetia elongate, jilifo'm, subulate, or scyphiferous and proliferous, corticate, glabrous ; apothe- cia pedicillate or sessile, fuscous. Mountains and heaths, common. Of the primary robust scyphiferous and proliferous form hybrida, (Ach.) represented by Dill. t. XIV, f. 13. B. and Scher.66; nor of the robust gigan- tic extended form macroceras, (Ach.) represented by Scheer, 68 ; nor of the slender elongated form elongata, Ach. represented by Tuck. 28; nor of the squamulose form, aspera, Flk. represented by Scher. 67. 641; nor of the var. cornuta (C. cornuta, Fr. 225. Nyl. Syn. 198.) podetia stout, elongate, chiefly subuliformi-cornute,a few with narrow irregular subradiate scyphi, glabrous at the base, and subpulverulent above, represented by Anzi Clad, Cisalp. 9 Fellm. Lapp. Or, 31 ; I have seen no British specimens, except a doubtful one of this “latter from Ireland, Miss Hutchins in hb. Hook, Syn :—Hoffm. Fl. Germ. 119. (1795) ee Syn. 196. Mudd Man. 54 in part. Brit. Clad. 16; Scyphophorus gracilis, Hook. Brit, 239 ; Cenomyce gracilis, Hook. Scot. 63; Mack. Hib. 82. Geoa. Distrib :—Europe, N. andS. America, Australasia, India. The forms or varieties which occur in Britain are these :— Var. chordalis, (Ach.) podetia slender, subuliform, with narrow cup-shaped scyphi denteculate on the margins. Syn : —Ach. Syn. 262 (1817). Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1284, Exs :—Scher. 64. Leight. 296, Mudd Br. Clad. 34135! 37! Grog. Distr :—Europe, Arctic and Antarctic America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11, 12...14, 15...19...30, 31. Eneranp :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Aldershot! Hants, Mr. R. S. Hill, Keswick! Mrs. Stanger. Blackstone Rock, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Northumber- land and Durham. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills, Worcestershire. Mr. Purton, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 59 Lydd Beach, Kent, Mr. Holmes, Tuddenham Heath, Suffolk. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. Leith Hill, Surrey. Mr. W. Joshua. Tiptree Heath, Essex. fr, Varenne. Longmynd ! Wrekin! Stiperstones ! Shropshire. ScoTLaNnD :—Glen Callater! Lion’s Face! and Sidlaw Hills! and Morne! Mr. Croall. Ben Lawers ! Mr. D. Turner, Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville, Iretanp :—Derry. Dr, Moore. Bantry ! Miss Hutchins. Wates :—Barmouth ! CuanneL Istanps :—Guernsey, Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey, Sark, &c. Mr.. Larbalestier. Var. abortiva, Scheer. podetia subuliform, recurved or hooked at the apex, sterile. Exs :—Scher. L. H. 69! Mudd Br. Clad. 36! ENGLAND .—Yorkshire! Mr, Mudd. Var. ocrochiora, Flk. Clad. 75. Nyl. Syn. 198. a smaller form of about one inch high of cornuta, represented by Scher. 640! Mudd Br. Clad. 23! 24! 25! 26! Rare, Cleveland, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. ll. C. verticillata, Fik. thallus foliaceo-squamulose, leaflets lacinieeform, crenato-incised ; podetia ashey-grey, corticate, glabrous or subverrucose, scyphiferous, scyphi denticulate at the margins, 2—4 times repeatedly verticillato-proliferous and seyphiferous from centre of scyphi ; apothecia fuscous. Rocks and mountainous districts, rare. Syn :—Flk, Clad. 26. (1828). Nyl. Syn. 1. 197; Cladonia gracilis v. verticil- lata, Mudd Man. 54; Cladonia cervicornis v. verticillata, Mudd Br, Clad. 5. Fig :—Dill t. xiv. f. 6. G. H.—Vaill. Paris. 21. f. 5. Exs :—M. & N. 644! Mudd Brit. Clad. 3! Grog. DistR1B :—Europe, N. America, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—2...7...10...26...31. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Broadwater Forest, Tunbridge Wells! Mr. Jenner, IRELAND :—Kylemore Pass! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth ! CHANNEL Istanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. sobolifera, Del. thallus foliaceous, lacinize narrow, inciso- crenate, glaucous-green above, whitish beneath, podetia }—% in. high, cylindrical, glabrous, subverrucose, sometimes leafy, dilated upwards into a scyphus, whose margins are denticulato-dilated, sub- cymoso-proliferous with leaflets interspersed ; apothecia small, simple, convex or conglomerate, fuscous. Rocky mountains, probably not unfrequent, but confounded with cervicornis, from which the different reaction distinguishes it. Syn :—Del. in Dub. Bot, Gall. 631, (1830) ; Cladonia verticillata b. phyllophora, Fik, Clad. 28! Cladonia cervicornis v. prodiga, Ach. L. U. 532. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1392. looks much more like this than alcicornis. Exs :—Leight. 14. Mudd Brit. Clad. 2. . ; Z Grog. Distrip :—Europe, N. & Tropical America, Africa, India. Bor, Prov :-—4, 5...7...10. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Lound! Mr. D. Turner, Caer Caradoc! Wrekin! Laurence Hill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Ballyedmond, co, Cork. Mr. Wright. Waxes :—Barmouth! Holyhead Mountain ! 12. C. degenerans, Flk. thallus squamulose ; podetia whitish or brown, cartilaginous, glabrous, nzgrescent and albo-guttate at the base, scyphophorous, scyphi proliferous, cristato-ramose. 60 THE LICHEN-FLORA Heaths and mountains, rare. Syn :—Flk. Clad. 41. (1828) Nyl. Syn. 199. Geoac. Distris :—Europe, N. America, Australasia, India. Bor. Prov :—15...31. ScortanpD :—Craig Nick. Mr. W. Gardiner. everywhere common in the Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. CHANNEL Istanps:—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Forma anomea, (Ach.) podetia covered with leafy scales. Syn :—Hook. Brit. 238. Scot. 63. Grey. Edin. 344, Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1867. Bor. Prov :—3, 4...14...23. EncLanp :—Woolwich Barn. Sir J. E. Smith. Lakenham. Mr. Turner. ScorLanD :—Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh. Sir J. EB. Smith. IRELAND :—Kelly’s Glen. Dr. Moore. 13. C. furcata, Hffm. thallus squamulose, evanescent; podetia elongated, pale whitish or brownish green, fruticose, ‘glabrous, branched, branches attenuato-subulate, divergentifurcate ; apothecia small, fuscous. Heaths and mountains, frequent. Reaction distinguishes furcata from pung Syn :—Hffm. Fl. Germ. 115 gos Nyl. a 1. 205 ; Hook. Brit. 236. Scot. 64: Mack. Hib. 80. Mudd Man. 57. Fic :—Dill. t. xvi. f. 27. A & C. Exs :—Leight, 401. Mudd 16. Mudd Br. Clad. 50 ! 51! 53! (small form). ; Geoc. Distris :- Europe, N. and S. and Tropical America, India, Austra- asia. Bor. Prov :—1 . 3, 4, 5...7, 8. 9, 10...14, 15, 16...18, 19...31 Enc ianp :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Kent! Mr. BR. S. Hill. Leicestershire ! Rev. A. Bloxam. Lound Heath! Mr. D. Turner. Suffolk! Sir W. J. Hooker. Whitley Read, Cheshire! Mfr. W. Wilson. Shotover Hill, Oxford. Mr. Bazter. Braxted, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Market Rasen; Lincolnshire. Dr. F. A. Lees. Dartmoor; North Bovey; rFighton Down, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Shropshire ! Moor Park, Herefordshire ! ScoTLanp :—Balmerino! Falls of the Garrawalt! Cairn-a-Drochell! White Hill! Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Morne! Mr. Croall. Hebrides; Arran. Prof. Balfour. Dunearn and Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. TreLanp :—Killarney. Dr. Carrington. CHANNEL Istanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey, Sark, &c. Mr. Larbalestier. WALES :—Moel-y-gest near Tremadoc, Var. racemosa, Flk. podetia like those of the type, leafy or scaly. Fie :—Dill. t. xvi. f. 27. B. Exs:—Mudd Br. Clad. 46! 47 Locaities :—Yorkshire ! M7. Mudd, Ben Cruachan! Mr, Borrer. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Pentland Hills. Rev. J. Lightfoot. North side of Orrock Hil, Dr. Greville. Channel Islands. Mr. Larbalestie7. Var. recurva, Hffm. podetia recurved, leafy. Syn :—Mudd Man. 58, Br, Clad. 22. Fie: —Dill. t. xvi. f. 27D. Exs :—Mudd Br. Clad. 48! 49! 52! Locatities :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. near Beddgelert, N. Wales! Mr. D. Turner. Channel Islands. Mr, Larbalestier. Shropshire! Var. spinosa, Flk. Hook. Brit. 236. Cenomyce racemosa, Hook, Scot. 64 ; Mack. Hib. 80. Fic :—Dill. xvi. f. 25. ScorLanb :— Pentland Hills. Rev. J. Lightfoot. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 6] Var. adspersa Fik. podetia elongate, squamoso-furfuraceous, sparingly branched, branches subsimple. IRELAND :—Tully, Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) 14. C. scabriuseula, Del. podetia ceespitose erect, apices scabrid, turqul, pulverulento-foliose, branched, apices furcate recurved, branches subalternate intricato- divaricate ; apothecia terminal, large, irregularly globose, subfuscous. On mossy rocks, rare. 1875, Syn:—Duby Bot. eae cae (1829.) Nyl. in Flora 1875. p. 447. Fie :—Dill. t. 16. Exs :—Coém. Clad Bele, 173. B. & 175. Groc. DistR1IB :—France, Belgium. Bot. Prov :—16. ScortanD :—Barcaldine, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1875.) 15. C. erispata, (Ach.) whitish, or pallido-cinerascent or subspa- diceous, basal leaflets small, incised and crenate ; podetia glabrous, branched, 3 or 4 times iterato-proliferous, apices and axils in- fundibuliform, open, the apertures denticulato-cristate at the margins. In mountain ranges, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Ach. os 272. (1817). Nyl. Syn. 207, Crombie En. 20. Exs :—Tuck. Grog. aoe —N. Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Ben-a-boord. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869.) 16. C, sywamosa, Hffm. thallus squamulose ; podetia ceespitose, whitish-green, cylindrical, 2in. high, erect, repeatedly branched, proliferously denticulate, or subulate from margins of the minute irregular scyphi, apices rigid subcorymbose radiato-cristate, gla- brous, longitudinally sublacunose, cortex entire, clothed with minute leaflets or scales ; apothecia clustered, fuscous. Mossy woods, not uncommon. Distinguished from delicata var. subsquamosa by different reaction; from p yocidata v. decorticata by the entire cortex_and the podetia throughout clothed with scales; and from furcata f. adspersa, Flk. by different habit. Syn: —Hfim. Fl. Germ. 125. (1795) Nyl. Syn. 209 (in part); a. & b. Mudd Man. 56; a. in part Mudd Br. Clad. 19 ; Scyphophorus sparassus, Hook. Brit. on (in part) ; Cenomyce sparassa, Hook. "Scot. 64 (in part); Mack. Hib. 80. (in art). eee :—E. Bot. t. 2362. xs :—Mudd Br. Lich. 13 ! Brit. Clad. 40! 41! Grog. DistrrB :—Europe, N. and 8. America, Africa, India, Australasia. Bot. Prov :—1...5...7, 8 10, 11...15—19...26...31. ENGLAND :—Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. (=scabrosa Ach! in herb. D, Turner), Yorkshire ! M7 Mudd. Hay Coppice, Herefordshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Bagtor, Rora, and Pen Woods, Ilsington, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. ScorLanp :—Sidlaw Hills and Glen Callater! Mr. W. Gardiner. Doune! Mr. Mc Kinlay. IRELAND :—Killarney ! Mr. Drummond, near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. Wass :— Hafod, Ce dinanchina Sir J. E. Smith. Lake above Llyn Bodlyn ! Mr. Borrer. Cwm Bychan. Rev. T. Salwey. Conway Falls ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Guernsey, Jersey, Sark, &. Mr. Larbalestier. Forma cucullata, Del. thallus minute, foliaceous, Jaciniato- crenulate, cucullate, discoloured, above glauco-virescent, beneath whitish; podetia elongate, curvate, subramose, irregularly scyphiferous or attenuate, pale ; apothecia terminal subfuscous. 62 THE LICHEN-FLORA On the earth, rare. 1876. Syn :—Duby Bot. Gall. 626 (1829). ; IRELAND -_Killery Bay near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876) B. Erythrocarpe, apothecia red. Reaction, (K f + C +). 15. (C. cornucopioides, Fr. thallus squamulose, pale yellow- green, crenate and crenato-incised ; podetia 3—1 inch, granuloso- verrucose, glabrous or minutely squamulose, simple, dilated upwards into cyathiform simple or proliferous scyphi; apothecia sessile or podicellate. On earth, &c., common. In the typical form, the scyphi are short and broadly dilated, on short glabrous granuloso-verrucose podetia. Inthe extensa form, the podetia are much more elongated, and the scyphi proliferous from the margins; and in the phyllophora form, the podetia and scyphi are entirely clothed with minute scales or leaflets. In the pleurota form (which also presents the above 3 states) the cortex of the podetia deliquesces into a fine dust, probably from growing in humid localities. The glabrous verrucose state is analogous to C. pyxidata, and the pleurota or pulverulent state to fimbriata among the phzocarpe. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 236. (1831); Nyl. Syn. 220; Scyphophorus cocciferus, Hook. Brit. 240. Cenomyce coccifera, Hook. Scot. 63; Mack. Hib. 81. in part: Cladonia coccifera var. cornucopioides, A. & B. Mudd Man. 60. Brit. Clad. 28. Fie :- E. Bot. t. 2051. Laur. in Sturm D. Fl. t. 23. a. and 25. (typica.)—t. 23. b. and c. (extensa)—t. 24 e. (phyllophora). Exs :—(typica). Mudd Br. Clad. 65! Anzi Clad. Cisalp. 14. A.--(extensa) M. & N. 752! Mudd Br. Clad. 66!—(phyllophora) Anzi Clad. Cisalp. 14. B!— (pleurota typica). Anzi Clad. Cis, 15! (extensa). Tuck. L. Am. Boot 37 !— (phyllophora). Leight. 375 ! Geog. DistriB :—Europe, N. & S. America, India, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8...10, 11...15.. 18, 19...31. ENGLAND :—Shotover Wood ; Bagley Wood, Berks! Mr. Baxter.“Yorkshire ! Mr. Mudd. Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Basingstoke ! Hants. Mr. R. S. Hill. Rye-loaf Hill, near Settle. Dr. Windsor. Ampthill, Beds. Rev. C. Abbot. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Bromsgrove Lickey ; Ridgway ; Malvern Hills, Worcestershire, Mr. Purton. Tors of Dart- moor; North Bovey, Devon, Messrs. Jones and Kingston. West Allen Carrs, Northumberland, Rev. W. Johnson. Caer Caradoc! Wrekin! Long Mynd! Stiperstones! Shropshire. ScotLanpD :— Ben-na-Bourd and Braemar! Sidlaw Hills and White Hills! Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Cawdor Wood! Nairn. Mr. Croall. Schehallion ! Sir W. J. Hooker. Doune! Mr. Mc Kinlay. Ben Ferrog ! Mr. Borrer. Callernish. Dr, Lindsay. IRELAND :—Mangerton Mountain and Killarney! Sir T. Gage. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. : Wares :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Barmouth ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Portalat Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 16. (. vestita, Ach. thallus foliaceo-squamulose ; podetia 1—23 inches high, /lavescent, cylindrical, simple, corticate, glabrous, cortex breaking into adnate or scabrous portions or verruce, which eventually become crenate squamules; scyphi cylindrical, narrow, simple, or shortly proliferously divided ; apothecia conglomerate. Mountains, rare. No doubt confounded with bellidifora, which it much resembles, but distinet by different reaction. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 541. (1810). Fic :—-Dill._xv. fig. 15. B. as to general form but not colour of apothecia. Exs :—Th. M. Fr. L. Sc. 12. Anzi Clad. Cis. 16. A ! Mass. 173! Scher. 40! Geroc. Distrip :—N. America. Bor. Prov :—15. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 63 ScorLanD :—Ben Ferrog! Mr. Borrer. Aberdeen! Ben-na-Bourd, Braemar! Mr. W. Gardiner. 17. C. deformis, Hffm. thallus foliaceous, leaflets pale green, inciso-crenate, whitish beneath; podetia 1—3 inches, leafless, tubular, sulphureo-pulverulent, turgid, simple, scyphiferous, scyphi regular or deformed, margins erect, crenato-dentate. Shady woods, rare. The podetia are cylindrical, leafless, thickened upwards, or sometimes turgid and narrowed under the seyphus, and are either entirely pulverulent, or corti- cate at the base, pulverulent above. Syn :—Hffm. Fl. Germ. 120 (1795); Nyl. Syn. 222; Scyphophorus deformis, Hook. Brit. 240; Cenomyce deformis, Hook. Scot. 63: Cladonia coccifera v. deformis, Mudd Man. 61. v. deformis a, Mudd Brit. Clad. 30. : Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1874; Dill. t. xv. f. 18. A. Exs:—Bohl. 29. Mudd. 25. Scher. 47. 48. 49. Gxoc. Distris :—Europe, N. and 8. America, India, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...10, 11, 12...14, 15, 16...23. EnGuanpD :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Westmoreland! Mr. Robertson. Amber- ley Wild Brook, Sussex! Mr. Jenner. Hay Coppice, Herefordshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Devon. Messrs Jones and Kingston. ScortanD :—Appin. Capt. Carmichacl. Ben-na-Bourd and Braemar! M7. Croall. Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Ben Ferreg! Mr. Borrer. Glen Callater and Lin of Dee! Aberdeen. Mr. W. Gardner. IRELAND :—Howth. Dr. Moore. ** Reaction, (K + C—). 18. C. digitata, Hffm. thallus foliaceous at base, leaves small, lobato-crenate, pale green above, white beneath ; podetia ochroleuco- pulverulent, cylindrical, 1—2 inches, simple, scyphi narrow, margin digitato-dentate mcurved, or dilated and proliferous. Mossy woods, rare. Podetia sometimes corticate at the base, pulverulent above, sometimes entirely pulverulent, either leafless, or often with a few scattered leaflets, or sometimes leafy at the base, the leaflets diminishing in size upwards, Reaction, colour, and incurved margins of scyphi distinguish this from deformis. ‘ Syn :—Hffm. Fl. Germ. 124 (1795); Nyl. Syn. 222 ; Scyphophorus digitatus (in part). Hook Brit. 240; Cenomyce digitata, Hook. Scot. 63 ; Cladoni«a coccifera e& ¢ digitata, Mudd Man, 61. Br. Clad. 31. Fie :—Laur. in Sturm D. Fl. t. 15, 16, Exs :—Scher. 44! 46! Nyl. 25! Grog. Distris :—N. America, Australasia. Bor. Prov.;~—1...5...8...11...14, 15, 16...23, ENGLAND :—Leicestershire ! Rev. A, Blowam. Wallington! Sir W. C. Trevel- yan. Shropshire ! Rev. 1. Salwey, Oversley Wood. Mr. Purton. North Bovey ; Moreton ; Ilsington ; Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Swinnop Fell, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScoTLaNnD :—Craig Koynoch! Mr. W. Gardiner. Arran. Prof, Balfour. Pent- land Hills. Dr. Greville. ‘ IRELAND :—Kelly’s Glen. Dr. Moore. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Jersey, Mr. Larbalestier. Mudd, in his Manual, cites to his digitata E. Bot. t. 1836, which if it were not described as having scarlet apothecia, I should refer to some form of fur- cata. Certainly it does not represent the typical digitata, nor does E, Bot. t. 2439, which Hooker quotes as illustrative of digitata, but rather represents var. macilenta f. polydactyla. Mudd’s specimens, 68, 69, 70, in his Br. Clad. from the iucano-pulverulent colour approach macilenta, Var.* macilenta, Hffm. thallus foliaceous or squamulose ; podetia incano-granuloso-pulverulent, cylindrical, 4—1 in. high, slender, simple, sometimes shortly divided at the apex, ascyphous ; apothecia terminal, tuberculose. 64 THE LICHEN-FLORA Mountainous turfy heaths, not unfrequent. Syn :—Hffm. Fl Germ. 126. p.p. (1795); Nyl. Syn. 223. Scyphophorus filiformis, Hook. Brit. 239. Cenomyce filiformis, Hook. Scot. 63; Mack. Hib. 82; ae coccifera vy, Mudd Man. 61. Cladonia coccifera ¢ macilent:, Mudd Br. wd Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2028. ; Exs :—Scher. 33! 34! M. & N. 750! Hepp 113! Anzi Clad. Cis. 19 B. C. Mudd L. Br. 29! Geroc. Distrip:—Europe, N. America, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...8 ..10, 11...14, 15...19...26. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Leicestershire! Rev. A. Blocam. New Forest, Hants. Mr. Lyell. Edgefield! Sir W. J. Hooker. Cromford Moor, near Matlock. Sir J. E. Smith. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Braxted Park Wall, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Ardingley Rocks, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. High Tor Down ; Ruddy Brook, Bovey Tracey, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Wrekin ! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Pentland Hills. Sir. J. H. Smith. Campsie! Mr. Me Kinlay. IRELAND :—Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Bantry. Miss Hutchins, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. near Tully! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL IsLanpDs :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. . 9 2 2 m f. clavata, (Ach.) podetia white, subventricoso-cornute, sterile. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 267, (1817). Exs :—Scher. 75, Leight. 275! 297! 403! Geroc. DistR1pB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7, 8. ENGLAND :—Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. Kynance Cove! Cornwall ; Blackland Common, Henfield! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Nesscliffe! Long Mynd! Wrekin ! and Laurence Hills! Shropshire. Wates :—Barmouth! Conway Falls ! Ff. polydactyla, Flk. podetia scyphiferous, scyphi digitato-cristate. Syw :—Mudd Man. 62. (1861). Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2487. Exs :—Scher. 454. Leight. 274. Mudd 27, 28. Br. Clad. 77. 78. Geoc. DistRIB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—2...7, 8...10...12, 13:..15 ..19...31. ENGLAND :—Westmoreland! Mrs. Stanger. Burton Mill Pond! Amberley Wild Nook! Sussex. Mr. Jenner. Kynance Cove, Cornwall! Mr. Borrer. York- shire. M7. Mudd. Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Scortanp :—Carr Hill! Linn of Dee! Mr. W. Gardiner. Loch Minch, Aberdeen! Mr. Croall. Kirkmichael, Dumfriesshire, Mr. Mc Garroch. IRELAND :—Bantry ! Miss Hutchins. Wates :—Moel-y-Golfa! Montgomeryshire. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. f. carcata, Ach. podetia leafy and squamulose. Syw :—Ach. L. U. 568, (1810). Syn. 266. Exs :—Mudd Br. L. 23, Br. Clad. 72, 79. Geroc. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...7 11, 12. 15...19...31. ENGLAND :—Westmoreland! Mrs. Stanger. West Allen Carrs, Northumber- land. Rev. W. Johnson. Lyth Hill! Shropshire. ScorLanp :—Craig-y-Barns, Dunkeld! Dr, Lindsay. IRELAND :—Killarney Hill. br. Moore. Wates :—Moel-y-Golfa ! Montgomeryshire. CuHaNnNEL IsLanps ;—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. J. ostreatiformis, thalline leaves adscending and_ imbricate, rotundate, thickened and pulverulent at the margins, green above, white pulverulent beneath, podetia similar to those of clavata. Fic :—Can E. Bot. t. 2112. be this ? Exs :—Leight. 371. Mudd Br. Clad. 69. Groc. DisTRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 65 Encianp :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Laurence Hill! Shropshire. Passing insensibly into digitata, Similar in general appearance to C. bacillaris but distinct by different reaction. Jf coronata, Ach. podetia cylindrical pulverulent and sub- squamulose, branches digitato-radiate ; apothecia terminal, sub- globose, red. On the earth. 1877. Syn:—Ach. Syn. 267. Fie :—Dill. t. 15. £. 19. C. TRevanp :—Near the Lake, Ballinahinch, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). *** Reaction, (K—C—) 19. C. Florkeana, Fr. thallus squamulose, evanescent ; podetia 1—1} inch, white or brown, cylindrical, slender, cartilaginous, glabrous, continuously corticate, verruculose or sqyuamoso-decorticate, nigrescent at the base, scales and granules innate, apex thickened, obsoletely scyphiferous and shortly divided; apothecia con- glomerate. Mountainous heaths, rare. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 238, (1831). Nyl. Syn. 225. Flk. Clad. 99; Cladonia coccifera v. Florkeana, Mudd Man. 61. (in part). Br. Clad. 33. (in part). Fic :—Laur. in Sturm D. Fl. t. 14. f. a. d. Eixs :—T. M. Fr. Lich. Scand. 13. (in part]. Geroc. Distrrp :—N. America, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—3,...10...15...19, 20. Ene.anpd :—Yorkshire ! Mr. G. Dickson. Leith Hill, Surrey. Mr. W. Joshua. ScortanD :—Ben-a-Bourd. Mr. W. Gardiner. IrELaND :—Doneraile Mountains, co. Cork. Mr, Carroll. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Var.* bacillaris, Ach. similar to Florkeana in general characters, but the cortex deliquesces into a granular ashey-grey or a fine white impalpable powder, or the granules are developed into minute leafy scales, which more or less entirely cover the podetia. Mountainous heaths, not unfrequent. Hitherto confused by external aspect and characters alone with C. macilenta, but separated by different reaction. Analogous to Florkeana, as pleurota to cornucopioides and fimbriata to pyxidata. 7 Syn:—Var.* bacilluris, Ach. and auct. pro. max. p.; Leight, in Ann, and Mag. N. H. Nov. 1866. Exs:—Scher. 36. 37. 56. Mudd Br. L. 24. Br. Clad. 70. 71. 73. . Goa. Disrrip :—Europe, N. Tropical and S. America, India, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—3...5...7, 8...10...15, 16., 19...26...31. . Eneuanp :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Weicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. Basing- stoke! Mr. R. S. Hill. Long Mynd! Stiperstones! Wrekin! Laurence ! Caradoc! Abdon Burf ! Craigforda! Shropshire. ‘ i . ScorLanp :— Aberdeen ! Ben-na-Bourd! Mr. Croall. Sidlaw Hills! and Cairn- a-Drochel! Mr. W. Gardiner. Appin, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND:—lIreland! Miss Hutchins & Sir T. Gage. near Kylemore and Letterfrack. Mr. Larbalestier. WALES :—Barmouth ! CuanneL Istanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 20. C. bellidiflora, Scher. thallus folioso-squamaceous ; podetia flavescent, 1—2 inches, elongated, glabrous, cylindrical, simple, verrucoso-scabrous or foliaceo-squamulose, scypht narrow, sometimes divided ; apothecia conglomerate. Lofty mountains, very rare. 66 THE LICHEN-FLORA Distinct by reaction from vestita (K f + C + ) with which it has been hitherto confounded. ‘ Syn :—Scher. Spicil. 21. (in part) Nyl. Syn. 221. (in part); Scyphophorus bellidiflorus, Hook. Brit. 240; Cenomyce bellidiflora, Hook. Scot. 64; Mack. Hib. 82; Cladonia coccifera B. bellidiflora, Mudd Man. 60. Br. Clad. 29. (in part). Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1894. Exs :—Scher. 42. Anzi Clad. Cis. 16 B! Geroc. Distris :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...7...11...14, 15, 16...23...30. ENGLAND :—Lustleigh Cleve, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Prestwick Carr; Hexham and Dilston Fells ; Cheviot, Northumberland ; Teesdale and Weardale, Durham. Mr. Winch. Swinnop and Top of West Allen Carrs, Northumberland. Rer. W. Johnson. ScorLanD:—Ben Nevis. Messrs. Turner _d& Hooker. Ben Lawers! Ben Lomond! Cairn Gorm! Sir] W. J. Hooker. Craig Chailleach! Mr. D. Turner. Ben Ferrog! Ben Cruachan! Mr. Borrer. Arran. Prof. Balfour. Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Lochnagar! Aberdeen! Cawdor Wood! Nairn! and Braemar! Mr. Croall. TRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr Templeton. Kelly’s Glen, Dublin. Dr. Moore. Wates :—Diffwys, near Barmouth. Rev. T. Saluey. Sup-cexts 3. Craprva. Vy/. Thallus leafless ; podetia without scyphi, repeatedly branched, more or less smooth ; apothecia terminal, biatorine, pale or red. A. Pheocarpe, apothecia pale or fuscous. * Reaction (K f+C +). 1. C. sylvatica, Hffm. podetia 2—6 inches high, white or pale straw-coloured glabrous, branched, terminal branches radvato-cymose, fastigiate, apices subsecund nodding. Hills, mountains, heaths, &c., probably not uncommon. Separated from rangiferina by the above characters and different reaction. Syn :—C. sylvatica, Hffm. Fl. Germ. 114. (1795). Nyl. Syn. 212. C. rangi- ferina B, sylvatica, Mudd Man. 59. Br. Clad. 25. Exs :—Coém. Clad. Belg. 158. 159. Leight. 57. Groce. DisTrrp :—Europe, N. & 8. America, India, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—8...11, 12...14, 15...19...26. EncianD :—Market Rasen! Lincolnshire. Dr. F. A, Lees. West Allen Carrs, Northumberland ; Foreshield Fell, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScortanD :—Pentland Hills! Dr. Greville. Deerhill Wood! Sands of Barrie! Mr. W. Gardiner. Callander! Mr. Me Kinlay. IRELAND :—Killarney. Dr, Carrington. Kylemore! Mr, Larbalestier, J. scabrosa, podetia scabrous, with minute whitish irregular points or verruce. Exs :—Mnudd Br. Clad. 57. 60. ot calles situations with type, but “differences owing probably to age or climate. ENGLAND :—Leicestershire! Rer. A. Bloram, Basingstoke, Kent! Mr. R. S. Hill. Yorkshire! Mr. J. @. Baker, West Allen Oarcks Notianhedacd. ee W. Johnson. Long Mynd! Shomere Moss! Shropshire, f. alpestris, Linn. podetia white or pale straw-coloured, verrucose, intricately and divaricately branched, densely thyrsoid at the apex. Similar habitats with type; rare. Syn :—f. alpestris, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1620. Nyl. Syn. 212; ie iferi v. alpestris, Shedd Man. s Ber Clad. acl aE eae Fic :—Dill. t. xvi. f. 29. E. F. Exs :—M. & N. 1063! OF GREAT BRITAIN. 67 Gxoc. Distr :—N, Tropical and 8. America, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—1...15...23...26. Encianp :—Near Exeter. Mr. Paryfitt. .SootnanD :—Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Inevanp :—Ballytore, Kildare! Mr. Carrcil. Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. J. portentosa, Duf. podetia very thick and turgid, verrucoso-leprous, branches short, éwrgescent, apices denticulato-cristate. Syn :—Duf. Revis, 29, (1818). Nyl, Syn. 212. Exs :—Coém. Clad. Belg. 164. 165, Bot. Prov :—8.,.11, 12. ENGLAND :—Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam, West Allen Carrs, Northumber- land; Foreshield Fell, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Jf. pumila, Ach. densely ceespitoso-pulvinular. Syn :—Ach. L, U. 566. (1810). Syn. 278. Goa. Distris :—N, and S. America, Africa, Polynesia, Australasia. Encianp :—Leicestershire! Rev. A. Blocam. Nesscliffe, Shropshire ! 2. C. amaurocrea, (FIk.) straw-coloured or whitish-straw-coloured, efoliolose ; podetia glabrous or slightly squamoso-decorticate, straight, subulate and slender, much branched, some scyphiferous, seyphi cupuliform, dentato-cristate or subulato-spinose, often proliferous. In sub-alpine regions, very rare. 1869. Syn :—FIlk, Clad. 119. (1828). Nyl. Syn. 216. Crombie En, 22. Exs :—Fellm. 41. Fries 347. ‘ Groc. Distris :—Northernmost parts of Europe, Asia, America, and Aus- tralasia. Bor. Prov :—15...26. Scornanp :—County of Aberdeen, Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). IRELAND :—Road to Recess, in bogs, 5 miles from Kylemore. Mr. Larbalesticr. ** Reaction, (K+C—). 3. C. rangiferina, Hffm. podetia 2—6 inches high, cenerascent, verruculoso-scabrous, subtomentose, branched, terminal branches szb- corymbose, fastigiate, apices subsecund, nodding. Hills, mountains, heaths, common. Distinguished from sylvatica by the above characters and different reaction. Syn :—C. rangiferina, Hoffm. Fl. Germ. 114. (1795). Nyl. Syn. 211; Hook. Brit. 235 ; Mudd Man. a. 58. Br. Clad. a. b. c. 25 ; Cenomyce rangiferina, Hook. Scot. 65. Mack. Hib. 79. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 173. Dill. xvi. f. 29. A. B. Exs :—Scheer. 76. (f. gracilis), 77. (£. grandis,) Coém. Clad. Belg. 140. 146. Grog. Distris :—Europe, N. and 8. America, Asia, Africa, India. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4...10...13, 14, 15, 16...18...31. Eweuanp :—Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Dartmoor. Mr. Parfitt. Peart’s Crags ; near Park House, Settle, Yorkshire. Dr. Windsor. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Tiptree Heath, Essex, Mr. Varenne. near Hastings, Sussex. Rev. EF. N. Bloomfield. Shropshire ! ScottanD :—Sands of Barrie! Summit of Lion’s Face! Mr. W. Gardiner. Glen Callater ! Braemar! Dr. Lindsay. Craig Koynoch! Mr. Croall. Hebrides ; Arran; Long Island. Prof. Balfour, Hartfell, Moffat. Dr. Nichol. Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. IRELAND :—On heaths and mountains, common. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey; Sark; Herm; Jethou, &. Mr. Larbalestier. *** Reaction, (K—C+). 4. C. uncralis, Hffm. podetia greenish-straw-coloured, glabrous, cylindrical, jistulose, dichotomous, branches short, apices subulate denticulate or digitate, 68 THE LICHEN-FLORA Heaths and moors, common. * Syn :—C. uncialis, Hffm. Fl. Germ. 117. (1795). Nyl Syn. 215, Hook. Brit. 235; Mudd Man. 59; Cenomyce uncialis, Hook. Scot. 64. Mack. Hib, 79. Cladonia stellata a. uncialis, Mudd Brit. Clad. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 174. Exs :—Scher. 82. Leight. 58. Groce Distr1B:—Europe, N, America. Bot, Prov :—1...4, 5...7, 8...10, 11...15, 16...18...20...26. EnGLanD :—Yarmouth! Mr. D. Turner. Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam, Dartmoor. Mr. Parfitt. Malham Tarn, near Settle. Dr, Windsor. Ampthill, Beds. Rev, C. Abbot. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Bromsgrove Lickey, Worcestershire. Mr. Purton. Hightor Down ; Woodbury Hill, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. West Allen Carrs, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Shropshire ! ScottanD :—Ben Mc Dhiu, Braemar! Dr. Lindsay. Hartfell, Moffat. Dr. Nichol. Hebrides ; Arran. Prof. Balfour. IRELAND :—Coachford ! co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Llyn-y-Cwm Bychan! near Barmouth. Mr. Borrer. Capel Curig ! Llyn-y-Cwn ! Berwyn Mountains ! near Pistil Rhaiadr. f. turgescens, Fr. podetia thickened and turgid upwards, apices dilated, denticulato-stellate. Heaths and mountains, rare. Syn :—C. turgescens, Fries L. E. 244 (1831). Mudd Man. 59; Cladonia stel- lata b. turgescens, Mudd Man, Clad, 27. Exs :—Scheer, 84. Geroc. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...5...15...26. ENGLAND :—Hants! Mr. R. 8. Hill. ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers; Ben Voirlich, Dr. Greville. Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen! Rev. J. M. Crombie. Inevanp :—Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. WALES :—Cwm Idwal! f. obtusata, Ach. podetia aggregate, short, turgid, ramulose, branches excessively short, subincrassate obtuse and with black denticulations at the apex. Bogs, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 559. (1810). Syn. 265. IrnELAND :—Bogs near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). Ff. adunca, (Ach.) podetia elongated, somewhat turgid, branches hooked. Similar situations with type, not uncommon. Syn :—f. adunca (Ach.) Hook. Scot. 64; Cladonia stellata B. elatior, Mudd Man. 59! Cladonia stellata B. adunca, Mudd Br. Clad. 26! Fie :—Dill. XVI. f. 21. A.B. Exs -—Scher. 518. 514. Mudd L. Br. 21! Br. Clad. 62! Groce. DistRiB :—Europe. Bor. Prov. : -2...10, 11...15...20, Enciann :—Hants! Mr. R. S. Hill. Yorkshire! Mr. Dixon. Cheviot! Tees- ar Mr. Wen ve ; COTLAND :—Ben Nevis! Dr. Lindsay. Summit of Bassier, Cl i Hills! Forfar. Mr. W. Gardiner. . ae nee Dr. Taylor in Mack. Hib. 79. mentions a var. attenuata gathered by Mr. Templeton on the side of Devis Mountains, to which he quotes Dill. xvi. f. 22. H. and thus characterizes ; thallus of minute lobed basal scales ; podetia brown, subdivided at the summits, beset with minute scales. Whatever this may prove on inspection of the specimens, it certainly does not belong to this sub-genus Cladina, : : OF GREAT BRITAIN, 69 II. PILOPHORON. Tuck. Thallus subsquamaceo-granulose. Podetium rigid, cylindrical, simple, or branched upwards, granulate. Apothecia nigro-rufous, capituliform, subglobose, internally solid. Spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, or oblongo-ellipsoid, simple. Sterigmata simple. Sper- matia cylindrical, curved or straight. 1. P. fibula, Tuck. whitish, subsquamaceo-granulate, concres- centi-areolate, appressed ; podetia solid, erect, terete, very short, simple, subsquamaceo-granulate ; apothecia subglobose, depressed ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, or ellipsoideo-fusiform ; cephalodia thalline, fusco-nigricant, minutely tuberculose. On perpendicular wet rocks, rare. Syn :—P. fibula, Tuck. Syn. Lich. N. Amer. p. 46. (1845). Nyl. Syn. 229, Fie :—Th. M. Fries Mon. Ster. & Pil. t. 10. f. 5. Nyl. Syn. t. 7. £. 6. Groce. Distrip :— N. America, Lapland, Norway, Sweden, Finland. Bort. Prov :—5...7...16...26. ScorLaNnD :—Morrone, Ben Cruachan. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Cuchullin Hills, near Sligachan, Isle of Skye! Mr. Piggot. IRELAND :—Kylemore Castle! Salrock Road! co. Galway! Mr. Larbalesticr. Wates:—Llyn Cae! Llyn Aran! and the Giant’s Pebbles! Cader Idris! Arran Mowddy ! Pass of Llanberis! Snowdon! Cwm Cywion! Cwm Ffynnon Lloer ! Cwm Clwyd! Capel Curig ! “‘Spores .017—20 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (yl. ) A single specimen of another species, named by Dr, Nylander in a letter to Rev. J. M. Crombie, 1875, and noted by the latter in Journ. Bot. May, 1875, as P. strumaticum, Nyl. was collected by Mr. Crombie on mi- caceo-schistose rocks at Morrone, Braemar, in 1869. But no diagnosis of this excessively rare species nova has as yet been published, therefore I am ignorant of its peculiar characteristics, particularly as I have seen no specimen. Trine V. STEREOCAULEI. Thallus generally cespitose, formed of podetia with a solid car- tilaginous medullary axis, around which the white exterior fragile granulose portions of the thallus are congregated. Apothecia ter- minal or lateral, lecideine, nigricant or fuscous. J. STEREOCAULON. Sehreb. Podetia covered with fragile granules of various forms. Apo- thecia fuscous or fusco-pallescent, internally solid. Spores cylin- draceo-fusiform, with few or many septa, (3—9). Sterig- mata simple. Spermatia aciculari-bacillar, straight, or slightly curved. 1. 3S. coralloides, Fr. ceespitose, ramose, glabrous, granules cin- erascent, subjibrillose or digitato-divided ; apothecia terminal and lateral ; spores cylindraceo-fusiform, 3-septate ; cephalodia ciner- ascent, verrucose, minutely granulate, sessile. On rocks, common. Syn :—S. coralloides, Fr. Sched. Crit. 4. p. 24. (1824), Nyl. Scand. 63. Syn. 241, Mudd Man. 65, Fic: —Nyl. Syn. t. 7. £. 16. Scher. En. t. 6. f. 5. 70 THE LICHEN-FLORA Exs:—Tuck. 94. Scher. 261. Hepp 114. M. & N. 73. Leight. 148. Mass. 44. Anzi It. S. 28. Rabh. 939. . Groc. Distr :—N. Europe, N. Asia, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...7...10, 11...18, 14, 15, 16...19...26. - ENGLAND :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Baysdale Moor! Cleve- land. Mr. Mudd. Dartmoor. Dr. Holl, West Allen Carrs, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScorLanD :—Caerlaverock Wood! Dumfries; Isle of Skye. Dr. Lindsay. Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Sidlaw Hills ; Balgay ; Clova; Canlochen. Mr. W. Gardiner. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Conner Cliffs, near Dingle ; on Caher McGillicuddy’s Reeks; Blackwater Bridge, Kerry. Mr. Carroll. ‘Mountains of Maam. Mr. Larbalestier. Wares :—Cader Idris. Dr. Holl. Pen-y-gwryd. Mr. W. Joshua, Barmouth ! Capel Curig! Cwm Cywion! Aran Mowddy ! “ Spores .006 to -008 in. long, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd). ‘‘ Spores .020—38 mm. long, .003—5 mm. broad.” (Nyl). ‘‘Spores .022—40 mm. long, -0025—40 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 2. S. paschale, Ach. densely stipate, ascending, nearly glabrous, granules albo-cinerascent or whitish, crenate ; apothecia terminal ; spores fusiformi-cylindrical, 3 (sometimes 5—9)-septate ; cephalodia verrucose, cinerascent, sessile. On rocks, common. 1724. qo paschale, Ach. Meth, 315, (1803). Nyl. Scan. 64. Syn. 242. Mudd Fic :—E, Bot. 282. Nyl. Syn. t. 7. £. 18—28. Exs:—Tuck. 112. Hepp 304. Reich. & Schub, 142. Leight. 148. Gegoc. DistRIB :—Europe, Asia. N. America, Ceylon. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7, 8...10, 11, 12, 18, 14, 15.. 18, 19...26 ENGLAND :—Cumberland! Mrs. "Stanger. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Yorkshire. Mr. Dixon. Teesdale. Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Kielder, Northum- berland. Prof. Balfour. Sussex. Mr. Hemmings. Falcon Clints, Teesdale. Mr. Mudd. between Lostwithiel and St. Austell, Cornwall. Messrs. Turner & Sowerby. near Ambleside. Sir J. E. Smith. Dartmoor, Devon. Mr. Newberry. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Blackstone Rock, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Black Edge, near Buxton. Dr. Holl. Pophills, near Alcester. Mr. Purton. Abdon Burf! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Hill east of Glen Callater! Braemar; Caerlaverock, Dumfries ; and opposite Birnam, Dunkeld. Dr. Lindsay. Tnchnadaff, Berwickshire. Sir W. Cc. Trevelyan. Strathmartin, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Callernish, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. TRELAND :—Connemara! co. Galway. Dr. Moore. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Conner Cliff, Dingle. Mr. Carroll. ywee Bridge! near *Lansh Inagh ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Cader Idris and Snowdon. Dillenivs. Craig Breiddin! Mont- gomeryshire ! Trefriw ! “Spores .005 to .009 in. long, by .C005 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .018—40 mm. long, .0035—.45 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) ‘‘ Spores .024—39 mm. qasie, "003—4 mm. broad.” (ZT. M. Fr.) 3. S. tomentosum, Fr. podetia densely arachnoideo-tomentose, whit- ish, divaricato-ramose, granules albido-cinerascent, crowded, rounded or crenate; apothecia terminal and lateral; spores fusiformi-bacillar, 3,-(rarely 5—7)-septate. On rocks, rare. Syn fh fomentonim Fr. Sched. Crit. 3, p. 20. (1824). Nyl. Scand. 64, Nyl ere: 243, Mudd Man. 65 xs :—Tuck. 23, Scheer. 262. Hee 302. Anzi Ven. 19. Gas Distr :—Europe, Asia, Peru, N. & S. America. Bor. Prov :—10...12...15. g EncLanp :—Yorkshire. Mr. Dixon. Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. ohnson. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 71 ScorLanp :—South Ferry Links, Fifeshire! Dr. Ogilvie. Sands of Barrie ; Head of Canlochen, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Ben Lawers! Dr. Lindsay. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie, . “Spores .006—.008 in. long. by .0005 to 00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “ Spores -023—37 mm. long, .0025—.0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) “Spores .022—37 mm. long, .002—3 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. alpinum, Laur. podetia less tomentose, granules whitish, turgid, verrucoso-conglomerate. On rocks. Srw :—S. alpinum, Laur. Fr. L. E. p. 204, (1831), Nyl. Scand. 64. Syn. 244, Mudd Man. 66,” eee oe Exs: —Scher. 263. Hepp 303. Groce. Distris :—Europe, Asia. Bor. Prov :—12...15...26. Encianp :—Cumberland! Mrs. Stanger. ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Braemar. Adm. Jones. IRELAND :—Connemara. Dr. Moore. near Glencorbol ! Mr. Larbalesticr. Var. botryosum, Nyl. podetia glabrous, granules thyrsoideo-con- glomerate on the extremities of the branches. On rocks. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 64. Exs :—Scher. 264, Geog. Distris :—Switzerland, Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—10. EnGianp :—Teesdale. Mr. Mudd, 4. §. denudatum, Fik. podetia slender, simple or branched, attenuate at the apex, glabrous, granules whitish, or albo-cineras- cent, subpeltate, medio-depressed, the centre virescent, margin white crenulate ; apothecia fuscous, small, plane or convex, terminal or lateral ; spores elongato-fusiform, 3-(rarely 5—7)-septate ; ceph- alodia olivaceo-fuscescent, verrucoso-glomerulose. On rocks, not uncommon, Syn :—S. denudatum, Flk. D. L. 79. (1815). Nyl. Scand. 65. Syn. 247. Mudd Man. 66, Fie :—Nyl. Syn. t. 7. £. 29. Exs = & N. 466. Fr, 346. Anzi Langob. 15. Smrft. 163, Grog. Disrris :—Europe, Asia, America. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...10, 11...15...18, 19, 20...26...30. : ENGLAND :—Dartmoor. Dr. Holl, Battersby Moor! Yorkshire. Mr Mudd. ‘Teesdale, Durham. Mr. Baker. Clee Hill; Mynydd-y-Myfyr, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Seonniwn :~Aumbre! Perthshire; Caerlaverock Wood! Dumfries; Ben Mac Dhiu, Braemar! (4294 ft.); Ben Nevis! Dr. Lindsay. Ben Lawers! (4406. ft.) Dr. ee Sidlaw Hills and Clova. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island. Prof. Balfour. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND ed and co. Antrim ; Killarney. Dr. Moore. Gongaum- barra, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore Castle! Salrock Road! co. Galway. Mr. rbalestier. Oe Benge d. Mr. W. Joshua. Llyn Aran! Llyn Cae! Cader is ! dy! Pass of Llanberis ! Snowdon! Cwm Idwal! - serene Ob t to 008 in. lee. by .0005 to .00075 in, broad.” (Mudd.) ‘ eons .026—46 mm long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Wyl,) ‘“‘Spores .021—40 mm. long, .002—4 mm. broad.” (7, M. Fr.) 5. S. condensatum, Hffm. very small, podetia very short, strong, simple, naked, granules whitish or cinerascent, nodulose, crenulate, condensed into a lax-granulose crust ; apothecia fuscous, sessile ; spores fusiform or cylindraceo-fusiform, 3—7 septate. On the earth and rocks, rare. 72 THE LICHEN-FLORA ‘Syn :—S. condensatum, Hoffm. Fl, Germ. p. 130 (1795). Nyl. Scand. 65. Syn. 249 Mudd Man. 66. Fic :—Nyl. Syn. t. 7. f. 31. Exs :—Scher. 509. Mudd 33, Anzi It. S. 29. Mass, 181. Th. Fr. 64. Reich. and Schub. 68. Grog. DistriB:—Europe, N. America, Java. Bot. Prov:—1...5...7...10, 11...15...19. EncLanp :—Battersby Moor;! Ayton Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Sweeney! Shropshire. Rev. J. Salwey, Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Dr. Dickie. Abdon Burf! Shropshire. ScortanD :—Amubree! Perthshire. Dr. Lindsay. Auchterhouse and Balkern- nock, Forfarshire. Mr. Gardiner. Castleton, Braemar. Adm. Jones. TRELAND :—Mangerton, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. WAteEs :— Moel-y-Golfa ! Montgomeryshire. Cwm Bochlwyd ! Crib Coch ! Snowdon. Cader Idris! CuHanneEL IsLanps :—La Moie, Jersey; Tortavel, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .005 to .007 in. long, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd) ‘‘ Spores .028—36 mm. long, .003—.4 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .020—36 mm. long, -0015—25 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. cereolinum, Ach. thallus closely affixed to the rock ; podetia slender, glabrous, often sorediiferous at the apices; cephalodia verrucoso-glomerulose, darkly cinereo-fuscescent. On rocks, rare. or an cereolinum, Ach. Syn. 285. (1817). Nyl. Scand. 66, Syn. 250. Mudd an. 67. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2667. Exs :—M. & N. 947. Anzi It. S. 30. Korb. 271.7 Geroc. Distr :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—7...11...15...19...26...30. ENGLAND :—near Eglestone, Durham, Rev. J. Harriman. Walltown ; House- steads, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. ScorLanD :—Ben Nevis. Adm. Jones, Ben Lomond. Mr. Cotton. Ben Cruachan; Ben Nevis; Morrone. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl, IRELAND :—Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor. near Giant’s Causeway. Dr. Moore. Kylemore ! co. Galway. Maam! Joyce County; Recess! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es :—Llyn Aran! near Llyn Gwernon ! Cader Idris. **Spores .003 to .004 in, long, by .001 to .00125 in, broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .020—38 mm. long, .004—5. mm. broad.” (Wy/.) Var. condyloidewm, (Ach.) thallus smaller, podetia slender, simple or branched, branches shortly ramuloso-divided at the apices. On rocks, rare. ao :—Ach. Meth. Suppl. 51. (1803). Nyl. Scand. 66. Syn, 251. Crombie En, Exs :—Leight. 295. Gero. DistRIB :—Sweden, Finland. Bor, Prov :—10, 11, 12...15. EncianD :—Housesteads, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. North West, Durham. Mr. Thornhill. Baysdale Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScorLanD :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘* Spores .015—30 mm. long, .0025—35 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) S. evolutum, Greewe. densely cespitose, glabrous, very much branched upwards, granules cinereo-glaucous or whitish, crowded, ram- uloso-divided, plano-compressed ; apothecia terminal, large, mar- gined, at length convexo-difformed ; spores firm, oblong or oblongo- fusiform, obtuse, 3-septate. On granite boulders, rare. 1870. Syn :—Grewe in Bot. Notiser. 1865, p. 181. T. M. Fr. Lich. . 45, Bxs :—Rabh. 858. B Peeed Grog. DistRIB: —Sweden, Finland. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 73 Bor. Prov :—7...16...26. Scorntanp :—Barcaldine, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ire.anp :—Letterfrack, Connemara ! Mr, Larbalestier. Wates :—Nant Gwynant, Snowdon ! (1870.) ‘Spores ,.016—20 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 6. 8. nanwm, Ach. very small, flocculoso-pulverulent ; podetia slender, ceespitoso-congested, simple or branched upwards, branches subfastiguate, obsoletely arachnoid, granules albido-glaucescent or suberuginose, minute, nodulose or powdery ; apothecia unknown. On earth and fissures of rocks, rare. Syn :—S. nanum. Ach. Meth. 315. (1803), Nyl. Scand. 66. Fie :—Micheli Nov. Gen. t. 53. f. 8 Exs :—M. & N. 647. Hepp 547. Th. Fr. 37, Mass. 142. Scher. 588. Grog. Distr1n:—Europe, Algeria, America. Bor, Prov :—1...5...7...10...15...30. ENncLand :—Lamorna! Rev, T. Salwey. Worcestershire Beacon, Malvern Hills! Mr. Lees, Yorkshire! Mr. Lixon. Sweeney, near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Teesdale Forest. Rev. J. Harriman. Cornwall. Adm. Jones. Devonshire. Rev. J. M, Crombie. near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Llanymynech ! Longmynd! Shropshire. Scottanp :—Den of Balthayock! Perthshire. Dr. Ogilvie. West Water ! Forfarshire ; North banks of the Isla, West of the Reeky Lin, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Stenton Crag, Dunkeld. Dr. Lindsay. Grampians, Breadal- bane and Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Glen Lochy, near Killin, Perthshire. Dr, Holt. IRELAND :—Learmont, co. Derry. Adm. Jones, Wa tes :—Gwydir Woods, Bettws-y-coed! Towyn! Aberdovey ! Confer. Nyl. Obs. iu Flora 1876 p. 578. Series III, RAMALODEI. Thallus fruticulose or filamentose, erect or pendulous, terete, or variously compressed or angular, without any leaflets or granular or basal crust, internally tubulose with a hollow medulla, or solid. Apothecia generally lecanorine. Trips VI. ROCCELLEI. Thallus ramose, terete or compressed, whitish, sub-cartilaginous internally with a copious filamentose medulla. Apothecia adnate, nigricant. Spores oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate. I. ROCCELLA. DC. Thallus fruticulose, terete or compressed, albicant, or cinereo- lurid, opake, smooth, internally dense. Apothecia lateral, lecideine, lecanorine or irregular, hypothecium thick, black. Spores oblong or fusiform, 3-septate, straight or curved. Spermatia acicular, arcuate. 1. RB. tinctoria, DC. terete or sub-compressed, whitish, verme- culari-elongate, simple or bifurcate; apothecia lecideine, black, albido-pruinose ; spores oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate (C red.) On rocks by seaside. —R. tinctoria, DC. Fl. Fr. 2. 384. (1805). Nyl. Syn, 258, Mudd Man. 75. ire :—E. Bot. 211. Nyl. Syn. t. 1. f. 2. Tul. Mem. Lich, t. 16 f. 6. 7. Exs :—Scher. 602. Mass, 124, Anzi Etr. 4. Hepp 568 . Grog. Distris :—Europe, Africa, E. Indies, Central America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...31. 74 THE LICHEN-FLORA EncLanD :—Portland Islands. Viscount Lewisham. Lynmouth Tors. Miss Atwood. Devon. Rev. J. M. Crombie. CHANNEL IsLanpDs :—Guernsey. Mr. Gosselin. St. Ouen’s Bay, Jersey. Mr. W. Stevens. Scilly Islands. Sir W. J, Hooker. “Spores .005 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .014—22 mm. long, ,004—6 mm. broad.” (Wy/l.) 2. R. phycopsis, Ach. terete or slightly compressed, whitish, or much branched and densely cespitose ; apothecia lecideine, black, naked or pruinose; spores fustformi-oblong, 3-septate, (C red but soredia—). On maritime rocks. Syn :—R. phycopsis, Ach. L. U. 440. (1810). Nyl. Syn. 259. Mudd Man. 75. Fic Scher. Enum. t. 1. f. 3. NyL Syn, t. 8. f. 3. Tul. Mem. L. t. 16. f. 1. 5. 8. Exs :—Mnudd 48. Larb. 11. Mass. 208. Anzi It. S. 25. Hepp 357. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe, Africa. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...31. EneLanp :—Bembridge ! Isle of Wight; Walls of Godshill Church, Isle of Wight! Mr. A. G. More. Coasts of Devon and Cornwall; Portland Island. a ae Crombie, Scilly Islands. Sir W. J, Hooker. Bolt Head, S. Devon. . Holl. CuannEL Is~anps:—St. Brelade Bay; Noirmont; Jersey! Jervonsey, Guernsey ; Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. Scilly Islands, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. ‘ Spores .012—16 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (yl. ) Forma tenuior, Larb. very slender, branched at the apices, sub- terete. CuanneL IsLanps :—La Moye, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. (1873). 3. RB. fuciformis, Ach. compressed, whitish, albido-glaucescent or glauco-fuscescent, polished, fuciformi-branched, rigid ; apothecia marginal, lecanorine or dirinoid, superficial, pruinose ; spores fusi- form or oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate ; (C—but soredia red. ) On maritime rocks. Syn :—R. fuciformis, Ach. L. U. 440, (1810). NyL Syn. 260. Mudd Man. 76. Fic :—E. Bot. 728. Nyl Syn. t. 8 £. 5. ps oe 277. Larb. 12. Mandon. 23. Hepp 567. Scher. 553. Mass. 286. ight. Geroc. Distr1B :—Europe, Africa, Centra America, pe Prov Se : sca cate tahca NGLAND :—Tintagel, near s Castle. Mr. D. Ti Cc E a J. M. ee ’ a Head, S. oe Holl. Here ee HANNEL IsLANDS :—Guernsey. Mr. Dickson. Beauport Bay ; Noirmont. Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. St. Brelade Bay, Jersey. Mr. W. Stevens. Scilly Island Sir W. J. Hooker, , ee i eae “Spores .005 to .006 in. long, by .001 in. broad,” (Mudd). “S; .020—% mm. long, .00f—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) : } mere . . Trine VII. SIPHULEI. Thallus podetiiform, whitish, opake, fistulose. Apothecia un- known. I. THAMNOLIA. $ dch. Thallus consisting of stipites or podetia which are cylindrical or sub-compressed, cornute, imperforate, simple or branched, apices acute, internally fistulose. Apothecia unknown. Spermatia cylin- drical. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 75 1. Z. vermicularis, Sw. chalky-white, 2-4 inches, prostrate, ascending or erect, subulate or turgid, simple or bifurcate, smooth or longitudinally rugulose, dispersed or stipate. (K +). On mossy earth, rare, 1799. Syn:—Lichen vermicularis, Sw. in Linn. fil. Meth. Muse. 119. (1781). Nyl. Syn. 264. Mudd Man. 68, Fic :—E. Bot. 2029. Hofim. Pl Lich. t. 29. f. 1. 2 3. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. f. 6. Exs :—Scher. 86. Tuck. 118. Hepp 298. Anzi Cisalp. 28. Fellm. 48. Geroc. Distrrp :—Europe, Asia, Central and 8. America, New Holland. Bor. Prov !—7...12...15, 16. Encuanp :--Skiddaw, Cumberland. Mr. Pilkington. ScotLanD :—Scotch Mountains. Mr. Diwon. (1799). Ben I.awers! Ben Nevis. Mr. D. Turner. Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Summit of Lochnagar! Brae- mar. Dr. Lindsay, Peak of Mamsoul, Inverness. Dr. B. White. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Cader Idris. Rev. T. Salwey. : Tre VIII. USNEEI. Thallus whitish or pallido-virescent, fruticulose, ramose and ramulose, tough, terete, erect or pendulous, corticate on all sides, internally with a firm filiform cartilaginous axis, affixed by a more or less spreading point or base. Apothecia lecanorine, peltate, thalline margin ramuloso-ciliate. Spores colourless, small, ellip- soid. Paraphyses indistinct. I. USNEA. Dill. Ach. Thallus fruticulose, filamentose, erect or pendulous, fibrilloso- ramulose, medullary axis solid. Apothecia concolorous orbi- cular, or peltate, terminal or lateral. Spores small, ellipsoid, colourless, simple. Sterigmatasimple. Spermatia straight, cylin- drico-acicular, apically truncate, fusiformi-turgid basally. 1. U. barbata, (L.) Fr. albido-glaucescent or pale cinereo-vir- escent, terete, variously branched, erect or pendulous ; apothecia concolorous, rather large, fibrilloso-radiate ; spores shortly ellipsoid, simple. On trees, pales, &c. common. 1778. f. 1. florida, (L.) Fr. erect, scabrid, divergenti-ramose ; apothecia large, plane, pallido-carneous, pruinose, with long cilize at the margin. Syn:—Fries L. E. 18. Nyl, Scand. 68. Mudd Man. 69. T. M. Fr. Scand. 15. Nyl. Syn. 267. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 1156. (1753). Fie :—E. Bot. 872. Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 30. f. 2. Mudd Man. t. 1. £. 15, Grog. Distrre :—Throughout the Word. Bot. Prov :—1, 2...5...7...10, 11, 12...14, 15 . 26...30. Exs :—Anzi It. S. 12. Mass. 51. M. & N. 260. Scheer. 398. Hepp 826. Bohl, 128. Spruce 48, 54. Mudd 34, Welw. Lus. 115, Reich. & Schub, 92. Gzog. DistRip :—Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6...10, 11...14, 15...80, 31. ENGLAND :—Near Ludlow, Shropshire! Rev. 7. Salwey. Ayton Moor! Cleveland, Mr. Mudd. Gibside Woods, Durham. Mr. Winch, Wetheley ; Ragley Park, Worcestershire Mr. Purton. Haldon, Devon. Mr. Paryitt. New Forest ; near Exeter and Hastings. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland; Swinnop, Hast Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Ryde, Isle of Wight. Rev. A. Bloxwam. : ScotLAND :—Swanston Wood, Edinburgh. Dr. Greville Deerhill Wood, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Kinnoul Wood. Mr. Croall. Kinnaird. Mr. J. Laing. Killin, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 76 THE LICHEN-FLORA IRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mv. Templeton. various places, co. Galway. Mr. Lartalestier. Wates :—Hafod, Cardiganshire. Sir J. E. Smith. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .002 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .006—8 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (7. MI. Fr.) ied The cartilaginous axis consists of longitudinal filaments closely compacted & lies in a loose arachnoid mass of anastomosing filaments, amongst which are the large conglomerations of bright green gonidia. The cortical layer is very thin & fragile, easily ruptured transversally. The medullary axis spreads out more or less at the base & thus fixes the plant to the substratum or matrix on which it grows. Asci narrow, clavate, Paraphyses cohzrent, apices colourless, Gela- tina hymenea I blue. Spores .009—.011 mm. long, .006—007 mm. broad. f. 2. herta, (L.) Fr. erect, minutely and abundantly jidrillose, much branched, often only verrucoso-sorediate. On trees and pales, common. 1724. Syyw :— Linn. Sp. PL ed. 1. p, 1155. (1753). Mudd Man. 69. Nyl. Syn. 267. Fr. L. E. 18. (1831). Fic :—E. Bot. 1354. Hoffm. PL Lich. t. 30. £1. Exs :—Scher. 399, Mudd 35, Anzi It. S. 16. Hepp 828. Leight. 1. Grog. Distrrs :—Northern Europe, N. America, Ceylon. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...10, 11,.12...14, 15...20. ENGLAND :—Stockton Park; Ingleby; Greenhow, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. near Lewes, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Haldon, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘North Bovey; Manaton ; Widdecombe, Devon. Fev. J. P. Jones. Courtwood, Isington ; Berry Pomeroy Castle, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Swinnop, East Allendale, North- umberland; Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Bury Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. HE. N. Bloomfield. Aymestry! Herefordshire ; Wrekin ! Caradoc! Haughmond Hill! Valeswood! near Ludlow! and gene- rally in Shropshire, Scorianp : - Berwickshire. Dr. G. Johnston. near Aviemore in Strathspey. Mr. Brodie. Muchalls and Durris, Kincardineshire ; Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Glenbower Woods! near Youghal, co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Conway Falls ! f. 3. dasypoga, (Ach.) Fr. elongato-pendulous, clothed with numerous short spreading jibrille. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 18. (1831). Nyl. Scand. 69. Syn. 268. Mudd Man. 69. Fic : - Dill. Muse. t. 12. £. 6. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 13. Mass, 84. Groc. DistRIB:—Europe, America, Madagascar, Java, Brazils. Bort. Prov :—11...15...19 ENGLAND :—Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScotLanp :—Kinnoul Hill, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Countesswells, near Aber- deen ; Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IreLanpD :—Muckruss Demesne, Killarney and Castlebarnard Park, Bandon. Mr. Carroll. f. 4. plicata, (L.) Fr. pendulous, entangled, not fibrilloso-ra- mose, smooth. On trees and rocks, frequent. 1696. Syn :—Fr. L. E. p. 13. (1831). Fic :—E. Bot. 257, Dill. Muse. t. 11. f. 1. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. f, 9. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 414. Hepp 829. Fellm. 49, Arn. 573. Groc Distrip :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3. 4...10, 11...13, 14, 15...20...26...31. EneLanD :—Woodcot Wood, Hampshire. Mr. Doody. (1696). Dorsetshire, Dr. P . Broughton Bank! Togiehy Park! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Cor- reysthorpe Banks, Castlehoward, Yorkshire. Mfr. Teesdale. near Bodmin. Messrs. Turner & Sowerby. Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Relhan. Northwin, Herts. Mr. Miller, Waskerley Bourn, near Wolsingham, Durham. Mr. Winch. Haldon, Devon, Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. e OF GREAT BRITAIN. 17 ScorLanp :— Barntimpen Linn, par. Kirkpatrick, Dumfriesshire. Dr, Burgess. Balmuta ; Pentland Hills; Drumshoreland Muir. Dr, Greville, Berwickshire. Dr, G. Johnston. Kinfauns, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Dawros river, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL Istanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. f. 5. articulata, Ach. pendulous, elongato-ramose, smooth, artic- ulato-constricted, more or less inflated. On trees, rare. 1724. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 318. (1803). Nyl. Scand. 69. Fic :—E. Bot. 258, Dill. Muse. t. 11. f. 4. Exs :—Dicks. 24. Scher. 497. Arn. 34. Grog. DistriB :—Europe, Asia, America, Canaries, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1...2...5...7...9...15...23. - _ ENGLAND :—Exmonth Warren, Devon. Sir. W. J. Hooker. Liskeard. Messrs. Turner & Sowerby. near Burnley, Lancashire. Mr. Willisell. (1724). near Stockenchurch, Oxford: Mr. Bobart. Gattley Park, Herefordshire : near Bishop’s Castle, Salop. Mr. L. Brown. Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire. Mr. 7. Cole. Haldon, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. near Exeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Widdecombe, Rev. J. P. Jones. Beckey Fall ; eater Woods; Chagford, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Exmouth Warren! Devon. Mr. Parfitt. ScotLanD :—Deerhill, and other Woods, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. TRELAND :—Malahide. M7. Mackay. Portmarnock, near Dublin. Dr. Taylor. Wates :—Cwm Bychan; Bettws-y-Coed. Rev. £. Salwey. f. 6. ceratina, Scher. thallus erect or ‘pendulous, papilloso- scabrous, variously fibrilloso-ramose. On trees, rare. Syn :—Scher. Spicil. 505. (1840), Nyl, Scand. 69. Fic :—Scher. Enum. t. 1. f. 1. Nyl. t. 8. f. 8. Exs :—Scheer. 400. M. & N. 465, Hepp 567. Spruce Am. 50. Mass. 83. pene :—Europe, Canaries, E. & W. Indies, Polynesia, N. Granada, razils. Bor. Prov :—2 ..6...11...15. ENGLAND :—Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScotianD :—Killin ; Breadalbane, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Kinnoull Hill, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Wats :—Hafod, Cardiganshire. Sir J. E. Smith. f. 7. rubiginea, Ach. rubiginose ; apothecia concolorous. On trees, rare. 1869. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 621. (1810). Crombie in Seem. Journ. Bot. 8. 96. Fic :—Mass, L. Capenses. t. 8. f. 23—26. Exs :—Anzi Lang. 413. Grog. DistRiB :—N. America, Brazils, Cape of Good Hope, Lombardy. Bor. Prov :—2...5, ENGLAND :—St. Leonards Forest, Sussex; New Forest, Hants. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). Hastings. Dr. Holl. Punbury Park, Gloucestershire. Mr. W. Joshua. Tripz IX. RAMALINEI. Thallus terete or compressed, erect or pendulous, internally with a woolly medulla. .Apothecia concolorous or discolorous, lecanorine, thalline margin entire; paraphyses distinct or indis- tinct. Spores various. Spermatia various. J. ALECTORIA, Ach. pr. p. Nyl. Thallus terete or compressed, erect, prostrate or pendulous, filamentose, internally arachnoid or hollow, intricato-ramose, 78 THE LICHEN-FLORA epithallus shining. Apothecia with indistinct paraphyses. Spores ellipsoid. Spermatia slender, acicular, apically fusiformi-in- crassate, 1. A. bicolor, (Ehrh.) black or fusco-nigricant or castaneo- Suscescent, terete, erect, much branched, divaricato-fibrillose, densely intricate, paler at the apices ; apothecia lateral, adnate to an obtuse knot of the thallus, small, nigricant ; spores 8, small, shortly ellipsoid. (K =C= On alpine rocks. 1795. Syn :—Ehrh, Beytr. 3. p. 82. (1788) Nyl. Scand. 71. Syn. 279 Mudd Man. 70. Fic :—E. Bot. 1853. Exs :—M. & N. 167. Scher. 495. Tuck. 2. Mudd 39. Anzi Ven. 17, Arn, 400. Grog. Distr :—Arctic Europe, Switzerland, France, Arctic America, Himalaya. Bor. Prov :—1—7...10...15. EncLanp :—Stansfield Moor, near Halifax. Mr. Baker. Penzance. Mr. Parfitt. Kildare Moor; High Cliff! Cleveland and Farndale! Yorkshire. Mr, Mudd. Dartmoor. Dr. Holl. Cornwall. Dr. Montgomery. ScotnanD :—Ben-y-Gloe. Mr. Dickson. (1795). above Loch Tay. Messrs. Turner & Hooker. Aberfeldy, Perthshire. Mr. Macmillan. Top of ochnagar ! Braemar. Dr. Lindsay. near Top of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. Clova Mountains. Mr. W. Gardiner. Breadalbane and Braemar! Canlochan. Rev, J. M. Crombie. Killin. Dr. Holl. Waters :—Llyn Bodlyn! and Cwm Bychan, near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. North Wales. Rev. Hugh Davtes. Giant's E Pebbles! Cader Idris ; Aran Mowade! Twll Du! Llyn-y-Cwn! “Spores .007—8 mm. long. eg mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .007—8 mm. long, .005- 6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 2. A. divergens, (Ach.) fusco-castaneous or spadiceo-fuscescent, roundish or subangulate, erect or prostrate, rigescent, somewhat shining, very much branched, branches divergenti-dichotomous. (K=C Yea); “apotheciis innato-sessilibus, crenulatis, discocas- taneo.” Fr. On the earth in alpine places ; very rare. 1872. Syn :— Corniculuria, Ach. Meth. 303 (1808). ahr a Lapp. 439. Nyl. Scand. 71 Syn. 278. ee 3 Journ. Bot. n. s, 2. p. 1 Fie: —Ach. Meth. t. 6. f Exs :—Fries 331. Ritherdson 64. Smrf. 154. Th. M. Fries 53. Geroc. Distrip :—Scandinavia, Austria, Arctic America. Bor. Prov :— 15, ScorLanD :—Summit of Cairngorm in Braemar, small state, Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872). 2. A. nigricans, (Ach.) castaneo-nigricant, paler at base, terete, or sub-compressed, erect or ascending, opake, dichotomously branched intricate, axils more or less lacunoso-impressed ; apothecia badio- fuscous, lateral or terminal, adnate ; spores 2-3, colourless, large, ellipsoid. (K yellow C red). On alpine rocks, rare. “ Sys :—Ach. L. U. an Get) Nyl. Scand. 71. Fic :—NyL Syn. t. 8. f. 17. Exs :—Fellm. 54. Korb. 241. Th. Fr. 28. Groce. DistRIB :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Ben Nevis; Braemar; Ben-na-boord; Ben Lawers! Ben-y- gloe! Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Nevis. Adin. Jones, In herbaria it tinges the eee with a reddish colour, ‘‘ Spores .021—35 mm. long, .015—20 mm. broad.” (7. Mf. Fr.) OF GREAT BRITAIN, 79 3. A. ochroleuca, (Ehrh.) ochroleucous, fruticulose, erect, riges- cent, terete or compressed, smooth, lacunoso-impressed, albo-soredi- ate, branched, ramuli attenuate, apically denigrate ; apothecia dark brown, large, receptacle appendiculate ; spores 2 or 4, fuscous, large, ellipsoid. (K f + C +) On the earth in alpine places. Syn :—Ehrh. Beytr. 3. p. 82. (1788). Nyl. Scan. 72. Syn. 281. Mudd.Man. 70. T. M. Fries. Scand. 19. Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 26. f. 2. & t. 68. £. 5.7. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. f. 21. E. Bot. t. 2374. Exs :—M. & N. 853. Scher. 395. Fellm. 52. Zw. 384. Hepp 832. Anzi It. S. 23. Mass. 48. Reich. & Schub. 67. Arn. 135. Groce. Distris :—Alps & Arctic Europe & N. America, Himalaya, Mexico, Japan, New Holland. oT. Prov :—7...11...15, ScortanpD :—Highlands of Scotland. Mr. Macmillan. Cairntoul, Braemar, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Cairngorm, Inverness-shire. Sir W. J. Hooker, WALES :—Cwm Bychan ! near Barmouth, Rev. 7, Salwey, ‘Spores .034—46 mm. long, .020—28 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .028—.42 Ha ene -014—24 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .028 mm. long, 015 mm. road. f. tenuior, Cromb. smaller, erect, branches slenderer, concolorous at the apices. On alpine mountains. 1808. Syn :—Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. 8. 1. p. 232. (1872). Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2040 (smaller figure). ScortanD :—Ben Luighal, Sutherlandshire. Sir W. J. Hooker. (1808). Mor- rone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Var. cincinnata, Fr. prostrate, compressed, thicker, dilated below, lacunose or foveolate, with long slender attenuate entangled branches above. (Kf + C+) medulla K—C reddish. In alpine places, rare. 1808. Syn :—Fr. L. E. 22. ee Nyl. Scand. 73. Fig :—E. Bot. 2040, (larger specimen). Exs :—Fellm. 53. Grog, DistriB :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—15, 16. : ScortanD :—Morrone; Ben-na-boord; Ben Lawers! Rev, J. M. Crombie. Ben-Mac-Dhiu. Mr. Macmillan. Ben Luighal, Sutherland, and Cairngorm, Invernessshire. Measrs. Hooker & Borrer, (1808.) Summits of Morne and Mor- chone, Braemar. Dr. W. L. Lindsay. Var. surmentosa (Ach.) pendulous, elongate, complicate, flaccid, distantly branched, axils compressed, apices attenuate concolorous, Alectoria sarmentosa, Ach. L. U. 595. is a distinct species with chemical re- action (K=C+) and is represented in Th. Fr. 27.M. & N. 755, 464. and in Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 72. Amongst mosses in alpine localities, very rare. Syn :—Ach. Syn, 293. Nyl. Syn. 282. ScoTtLanpD :—near Summit of Cairngorm, Braemar. Mr, W. Wilson, in hb. Brit, Mus. 4, A. capillaris, (Ach.) Nyl. pallido-canescent or pale flavido- rufescent, pendulous, elongate, dichotomously branched, flaccid, densely entangled, sub-compressed, angular and sublacunose below, filiform and capillary above ; apothecia unknown. (K+ C +). On trees, &e. Sry :—Alectoria jubata, var, cana & setacea, Ach. L. U. 593, (1810.) 80 THE LICHEN-FLORA Fic :—Westr. Sv. Lafv. Farg.-Hist. V. 1. n. 14. Fig, B, Exs :—Scher. 496. Anzi It. 8, 18, 19, 20. Th. Fr. 52, Hepp. 831, Grog. DistRrp :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—10. 15, Eneianp :—Yorkshire! Myr, Dixon. ScottanD: Killin, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. . The different chemical reaction appears to separate this as a distinct species from all forms of A. jubata. A. subcana, Nyl. MS. is said to have been gathered on trunks of old firs, on Ben Lawers and Glen Derry, Braemar, by Rev. J. M. Crombie ; but I have seen no specimen, nor am I aware of any published diagnosis. 5. A. jubata, (Linn.) Ny]. fuscous or nigricant, livido-fus- cescent or pallescent, terete, filiform, elongate, slender, ramose, pendulous or prostrate, entangled; apothecia brown, plane or convex, small; spores 8, colourless, small, elliptical, (K—C—) On trees and rocks in mountainous places. Syn :—A. jubata var. prolixa. Ach. L. U. 592. (1810). Nyl. Scand. 72. Syn. 280. Mudd Man. 70. Fie :—E. Bot, 1880. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. f. 18 & 19. Dill. t. 12. f. 7. Exs :—Scher. 396. 397. 496. Mudd 37. Leight. 72. Grog. Disterp :—Europe, N. America, W. Indies, N. Africa, Canaries, Himalaya, Java. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7, 8...10, 11...14, 15...18...22, 23, Encuand :—Tors of Dartmoor ; Hightor Rocks, Devon. Messrs. Jones d: King- ston. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Fev. W. Johnson. Baysdale! Ayton Moor! Kildale Moor; Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Dartmouth. Mr. R. Brown. Lengformacus, Northumberland. Mr. 7. Brown. Rawse Castle ; Long- ridge Dean ; Murton Craigs; Dirrington Law, Northumberland. Dr. G. John- ston. Ludlow and Oswestry !, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Malvern Hills, Worcestershire ; Ragley, near Kingley, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. Gateshead Fell, Durham. Mr. Thornhill. Dartmoor’; near St. Leonard’s, Sussex. Dr. Holl. Charnwood Forest ; Gopsall. Rev. A. Bloxam. Lustleigh Cleve, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Pearts Craigs, near Settle. Dr, Windsor. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Longmynd ! Shropshire. ScorLayp :—Deerhill Woods, Forfarshire! Dr. G. Lawson, Invercauld, Braemar! Craig-y-Barns, Dunkeld! Knock-Hill, Crieff! Dr. Lindsay. Pent- land Hills; Swanston Wood. Dr. Greville. Killin ; Rothiemurchus. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Garrynahine, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Knockcurris, Innishowen. M7, R. Brown, Lough Bray; Killiney Hills. Dr. Taylor, Luggelaw, co, Wicklow. Adm. Jones. Wates :—Diffwys ; Liyn Bodlyn! near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Cader Idris. Dr. Hoil. : “*Spores .006—9 mm. long, .004-—5 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .006—1 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. chalybeiformis, Ach. olivaceo-black, flexuose, decumbent, subfilamentose, wiry and rigid, shortly branched, intricate. (KC) On alpine rocks and boulders. Syw :—Linn. Syst. Nat. (1767). Syn. 280. Mudd Man. 70, Ach. L. U. 593, Fic :—Dill. t. 13. f. 10. Exs :—Mudd 38. Scher. 396. Anzi It. S. 21, Geroc, DistR1B :—Europe. Hat, Prov me i ee NGLAND :—Battersby Bank! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd, Charnb Eglestone, Durham. Mr. Winch. pra Ee ScoTtLanpD :—Loch-na-gar!! Braemar; Birnam Hill! Dunkeld. Dr. Lindsay. Highlands. Messrs. Turner & Hooker. Clova Mountains. Mr. W. Gardiner. 6. A. lanata, (L.) nigricant or fusco-nigricant, jiliform, terete, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 81, slender, decumbent, ramose, entangled, shining ; apothecia lateral, concolorous, margin sub-entire or granulato-unequal ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple; medulla white K—C—, : On alpine rocks. 1724. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. No. 74, (1753) Ach, Syn, 302. Parmelia, Nyl. Syn. 398. Mudd Man. 101. Fic :—E. Bot. 846 (middle fig). Exs :—Fellm. 82. Hepp 588. Anzi Langob. 53. M. & N. 557. Scher. 257. Groc. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...11, 12...15...19...23...26, EnGLanD :—Northern Counties. Sir J, E. Smith. Helvellyn! Mrs, Stanger. Teesdale Moors, Durham; Cheviot, Simonside and Hedgehope, Northumber- land. Mr. Winch. Ragley Park, Warwickshire, Mr. Purton. Cornwall. Mr. Stephens. (1724). Tors of Dartmoor. Rev. Mr. Newberry. COTLAND :—High Mountains. Sir J. EH. Smith. Ben More; Bennaboord ; Massuna, Bramaer! Ben Lawers! Ben-y-gloe. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Macdhui; Lochnagar! Dr, Lindsay. Ben Nevis. Adm. Jones. near Aberfeldy, Perthshire. Mr. H. Macmillan. TRELAND :—Mangerton, co. Kerry. Mr. J. Carroll. near Belfast. Mr. Temple- ton. On the mountains in the South. Dr. Taylor. McGillicuddy’s Reeks. Dr. Moore. Summit of Doughruagh ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, Wa tes :—Borth and Snowdon. Dillenius. Bangor. Mr. Brewer. Cader Idris ! Rev. T, Salwey, “Spores .00225 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd). ‘Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .007—11 mm. long, ,006—8 mm broad,” (7. M. Fr.) F. minuscula, Ny]. filaments entangled, diminutive, scabrous. On alpine rocks. Syn:—Nyl. Lapp. or. 120, Crombie in Journ. Bot. n,s. 1. p.. 233. Lichen scaber, Huds. 562. 661. Fic ;—E. Bot. t. 2318 (small right hand fig). Exs ;—Fellm. 83. Geoe. DistRip :—Scandinavia, Bor. Prov.;—7...15. ScorzanpD :—Ben Lomond, Herb. Sowerby. Watss :—Llanberis. Snowdon. Herb. Sowerby. Var. parmeliordes, Cromb. thallus suborbicular, somewhat closely appressed, black or blackish (not olive-brown), opaque, lacinize shorter, more intricately divided, margin of apothecia granulato- unequal or ciliated. On alpine rocks. Syn :-Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 1. p. 233 i) Lichen pubescens, Lightf. Fl, Scot. p. 893. teste Herb. Pult. &c. in Mus. Brit. Fie —f, Bot. t. 846. (upper and lower fig.) Dill. Muse. t, 17. f. 32. Exs :—Cromb. 20. Grog. Disrris :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD:—Morrone, Braemar; summit of Ben-y-gloe. Rev. J. M. Crombie, F, subciliata, Nyl. margin of apothecia ciliated with spinuli- form papille. On calcareous rocks. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1868 p. 346. Crombie 1, c. ScotLanD :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. II. EVERNIA. Ach. Wyl. Thallus flaccid, erect or ascending or prostrate or pendulous, ap- planate or subterete, laciniose, or very much branched, destitute of rhizinee beneath, internally stuppeous. Apothecia lateral, lecano- G 82 THE LICHEN-FLORA rine. Spores small, ellipsoid, simple. Paraphyses indistinct. Sterigmata pauci-articulate. Spermatia slender, acicular, fusiformi- incrassate and acute at both apices. 1. E. furfuracea, Mann. cinerascent, dichotomously multi-laciniate, upper surfuce isidioso-furfuraceous or fibrillose, under surface canalt- culate black or ce@sio-nigricant ; apothecia sub-marginal, badio- rufous, receptacle smooth ; spores ellipsoid. (K + C +) medulla K—C red. On trees, pales, &c. common. ao aia Lich, Boh. p. 105. (1826). Nyl Scand. 73. Syn. 284. Mudd an. 71. Fic :—E. Bot. 984. Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 9. f. 2. Hepp Sporen. t. 95. £. 834, Exs .—Tuck. 55. M. & N. 63. Scher. 387. AnziIt S, 71. Hepp 834. Mudd 40. Leight. 37. Reich. & Schub. 12. Geroc. Distrrs :—Europe, N. Africa, Canaries, Asia, N. & Central America, Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...10, 11 . 15...23. ENGLAND :—Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Farndale! Ayton Moor! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry! Myndd-y-Myfyr! Shropshire. Rev, T. Salwey. Chillingham Park; Rawse Castle, Northumberland. Dr. G, John- ston. Dartmoor. Mr. Parfitt. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Wrekin! Caer Caradoc! Hay Park! near Ludlow, and other places ! eal Serre ScotLanD :—Balthayeck Woods, Perth! Johnston Hill! Forfar. Dr. Lind- say. Deerhill and Baldovan Woods, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Killin ; Braemar, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers; Crianlarich. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Lough Bray, near Dublin. Dr, Taylor. Rochestown Hill, co. Dublin. Herb. Trin. Coll. Dubl. Wates :—Cwm Bychan, near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. © Spores .00175 in. long. by .001 in. broad (t. 1. f.16).” (Mudd.) _ “‘ Spores .007—.010 mm. Jong, .0035—.055 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘ Spores .007—10 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 2. E. prunastri, (L.) whitish, or albido-pallescent or albido- flavescent, multi-laciniate, lacunosorugose, margins generally albo- sorediate, subcanaliculate and pale beneath ; apothecia lateral or marginal, badio-rufous, receptacle rugose ; spores ellipsoid. (K + C+ medulla K—-C—) On trees, common. Syn :—Linn. Sp. PL 1614. (1753). NylL. Scand. 74, Syn. 285. Mudd Man. 72. Fic :—E. Bot. 859. Hepp Sporen. t. 95. f. 833. Exs :—M., & N. 355. Tuck. 54, Scher. 391. Anzi It, S. 70. Hepp 833, Mudd 41. Leight. 36. Larbal. 59. Geog. Distare :—Europe, N. Africa, Asia, N. America, Peru. Bor. Prov :—1...3...5...7...10, 11, 12...15...19, 20...30, 31. EncLanp :—Thirsk! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Keswick, ! Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger. Lounsdale ! and Kildale ! Cleve- land. Mr, Mudd. Berwick-on-Tweed. Dr. G. Johnston. Gibside Woods, Durham. Mr. Winch. Wallington, Northumberland. Miss Trevelyan. Essex. Mr. Varenne. Holbrig Hall, near Settle. Dr, Windsor. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. More- ton, Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones. Suffolk and Sussex. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. Swin- nop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Nesscliffe ! Bomere Pool! Haughmond Hill! Shrewsbury! Shropshire. Dinmore ! Herefordshire. ScoTLanD :—Kinnoul Hill! Perth; Arniston Woods! Edinburgh; Blae- berry Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Deerhill and other woods on the Sidlaws. Mr. Gardiner. Falls of Moness, Aberfeldy. Dr. Holl. Killin; Braemar ; Durris ; Countesswells. Rev. J. M. Crombie. InELanD :—Castlebernard Park ! Banden ; Blarney ; Castlemary ! near Cork. Mr, Carroll. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. near Killarney. Mr. Gough. aeuisee ne Cwm and Cwm Bychan, near Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. reidden OF GREAT BRITAIN, 83 CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Jersey, Guernsey, Mr, Larbalestier, a -002 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .007—9 mm. long, by .0045—55 mm. broad,” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .007—10 mm. long, .0045—60 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. stictocera, Ach. lacinie scattered over with prominent dark fuscous cephalodia. On trees, not uncommon. il :—Ach. L. U. p. 442. Nyl. Syn. 285. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s, 1. p. Fig :—Ach. 1. ¢. t. 10. £. 3. B. Bor. Prov :—5...15. ENGLAND :—Nesscliffe Hill! Wrekin ! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Firwood above manse at Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Var. gracilis, Ach. thallus with small fuscous or fuscous-black tubercles on the apices (K-+C-+), On sandy banks and shrubs. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 442. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1853 Westring Faergh, t. 11 C. Groce. Distr1s:—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1...31. EneLanD :—Warren opposite Exmouth, Devonshire. M7, Brodie. CuanneL ISLANDS :—Quenvais, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Mr. Parfitt (in litt.) says, ‘‘The habits of this plant in this locality (Ex- mouth), so far as I know, have not been described. The plant grows attached to the stems and branches of Erica tetralix, and nearly all the branches of the Evernia, but more particularly in the largest plants, become decumbent and attach themselves to the branches of the Erica, also and in every instance where this is the case the apices secrete those dark disks. An examination of these dark dots under a high magnifying power shows them to be composed of a number of minute hyaline filaments surmounted with a dark brown grumous mass of cells, which are more or less tenacious or glutinous when moist, and adhere firmly to anything to which they may attach themselves.” TI. RAMALINA. Ach. Fr. Thallus whitish or pale, compressed, somewhat shining, riges- cent, erect or prostrate, laciniate, alike on both sides. Apothecia scattered or marginal, concolorous. Spores colourless, oblong, curved, l-septate. Paraphyses distinct. Sterigmata clongato- pauci-articulate with anastomosing filaments. Spermatia cylindri- cal, or oblongo-cylindrical, straight. 1. R. thrausta, (Ach.). pale straw-colour, jiliform-terete or sub- terete, here and there compressed, somewhat shining, very slenderly divided, and excessively branched, capillari-attenuate and interwoven at the apices ; cortical layer filamentose ; medulla K— ; apothecia unknown. On old firs and sandy soil in subalpine regions, rare. (1860). Syn : —Alectoria thrausta, Ach. L, U. 596, Syn. 294. RB. thrausta, Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 18; Leight. Not. Lich. 35; Crombiein Journ, Bot. n. s. 1. 71. Exs :—Fries L. 8. 267. Arn. 574. a. b. c. d. e. Grog. Disrris :—Europe. Bort.Prov :—17, we :—Bay of Nigg, Coast of Kincardineshire. Rev J. M. Crombve. 2, R. calicaris, (Hffm.). pale glaucous-grey, or albido-flavescent, rigescent, erect, dichotomously branched ; laciniw linear, com- pressed, elongated, attenuated at the apices, longitudinally lacunoso- 84 THE LICHEN-FLORA canuliculate ; cortical layer filamentose ; medulla K— ; apothecia terminal, subtended by the deflexed and elongated extremities of the lacinie ; receptacle rugose beneath ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid; straight, 1-septate ; spermogonia in pale or colourless receptacles. On trees, common. Syn :—Lobaria calicaris, Hffm. Fl. Germ. 139. R. fastigiata, var. calicaris Ach. L. U. 604. Syn, 297.- BR. calicaris var. canaliculata, Fr. L. E, 30. R. eee Nyl. Mon, Ramal. 33; Leight. Not. Lich. 35. Crombie in Journ. ot.n.s. 1. 71, Fie :—Dill. t. 23, f. 62, a, B; Moris. 3, § 15, t. 7. £5; Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 9. £. 1, I. Exs :—M. & N. 452 ; Mudd 44; Welw. Lusit. 42. Geroc. Distr :—Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6, 7...10, 11...13...15. EncLanD :—New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Airyholme woods! Ayton, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry! Shropshire. Rev. 7, Salwey. Culverhouse and Exmouth Warren! Devon. Mr. Parfitt, Moreton, Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Shrop- shire generally ! : Scotianp :—Ayrshire !, M/s. Dobie. Johnstone Hill, Forfar! Dr. Gilchrist. Wates:—Llandrinod ! Radnorshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Trefriw ! «Spores .010—16 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (yl.) Var. subampliata, Nyl. lacinie of thallus broader and more dilated, similarly to R. fraxinea, longitudinally nervoso-rugose, lacunose and canaliculate ; apothecia marginal and terminal ;_re- ceptacle rugose ; spores straight. On trees. Syn :—Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 34 (1870). Leight. Not. Lich. 35. Fic :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 9, f, J. 6G, K. Exs :—Anzi Lich. Ital. Sup. 63; Anzi Langob. 419. Geroc. Distr1B :—France, Portugal, Algeria, East Indies. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...10. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire ! Mr. G. Dixon. Exminster! Devon. Mr Parfitt. near Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Beeding! Suffolk. Rev. A. Bloxam. Llanyblodwel rocks. Var. svbfastigiata, Nyl. similar in general appearance to R. fastigrata ; apothecia terminal ; receptacle rugose ; spores straight. On rocks and trees. Syn :—Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 34 (1870). Leight. Not. Lich. 35. Fic :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 9. £. 1, a. Exs :—Welw, Lusit. 44; Maudon Mad. 24. Groc. DistRIB :—France, Portugal, Madeira, North America. Bort. Prov :—6...12...19, ENGLAND :—Foresheild Wood, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnston. TrELAND :—Rocks near Coachford, 11 miles west of Cork! Mr. Carroll. near Fermoy! Mr. Chandler. Wates :—Llandrindod! Rev. T. Salwey. : Mr. Crombie, 1. c. mentions a somewhat unusual state, with laciniz much attenuated (f. attenuata, Cromb.) in New Forest; and also a singularly cespi- tose condition with very short and crowded lacinie from Swanston W. near Edinburgh. Mr. Sadler. i 3. &. farinacea (L.) whitish, pale straw-coloured or glau- cescent, erect, subrigescent, dichotomously branched ; lacinie linear, elongated, undulato-attenuated at the apices, compressed, plane and polished, sometimes sublacunose, canaliculate with white, oblong, more or less confluent soredia on the edges; cortical layer filamentose ; medulla K— ; “ apothecia testaceopallida vel glau- OF GREAT BRITAIN. 85 cescentia, receptaculo infra levi; spore. ellipsoideo-oblonge vel fusiformi-ellipsoidez, recte’’ (Nyl. Mon. 35); spermogonia in pale or colourless receptacles. On trees and palings, frequent, rare in fructification. Syn :~ Lichen farinaceus, Linn. Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 1089. RB. farinacea, Ach. L. U. 606, Syn. 297; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 34; Leight. Not. Lich. 35. Crom- bie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 1. 71. : Fie .—E. Bot. t. 889; Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 11. f, 1. Exs:—M. & N. 356; Anzi Etr. 6; Anzi Ital. Sup. 67; Scher. 494; Mudd 45, Rabh. 892. : Grog. Distris :—Europe, Asia Africa, North and South America, Poly- nesia, Australia, Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5, 6, 7...10, 11, 12. 13...15. Eneianp :—Norfolk. Rev. H, Bryant. Clapham Park Wood, Bedfordshire ue Rev. C. Abbot. New Forest (fruit), Mr. Lyell. near Newton! and ildale! Cleveland, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd, Oswestry! Shropshire. Rev. 7’. Salwey. Thirsk !, Yorkshire, Mr. Baker. Stoke Wood! Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Chichester! Mr, Cooke. Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland ; Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Moreton, Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones. Suffolk and Sussex. Rev. FE. N. Bloomfield. Shomere Woods! Haughmond Hill! Lyth Hill! Shropshire ; Dinmore Wood, Herefordshire oo :—Balthayock Woods! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Ayrshire! Mrs. jobie. ' Trevann :—Fermoy ! Mr. Chandler. Dunkerron (fruit) Dr. Taylor. Wats :—Carmarthenshire! (fruit). Mr. Forster. Glynn, near Capel Curig ! Bettws-y-Coed! Breidden ! Very variable ; many forms, minute in size, frequently occur, but scarcely worth distinguishing. When the soredia in R. farinacea are touched with K they exhibit no reaction or only sometimes a very faint yellow, which, on the immediate application of C. becomes of a full yellow. ‘‘ Spores .008—,016 mm, long, .004—7 mm. broad.” (MVyi.) 4, R. frawinea, (L.) pale straw or yellowish, or glaucescent, pendulous, straggling, subrigescent ; lacinize compressed, more or less broadly applanato-dilated, lacunose, longitudinally rugose or nervose, elongated and attenuated at the apices ; cortical layer fil- amentose ; medulla K— ; apothecia large, marginal and superficial, brownish-yellow or glaucescent ; receptacle rugose or plicato-rugose ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, curved, l-septate ; spermogonia in pale colourless receptacles. On trees, very common. Syn :—Lichen fraxineus, Linn, Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 1091. R._ frawinea, Ach. L. U. 602. Syn. 296 ; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 36; Leight. Not. Lich. 35; Crom- bie in Journ. Bot. n. 8. 1. 72. : : i ’ Grog. Distaip :—S. and C. Europe, N. America, Algeria, Canaries, Syria, Forma typica teniaformis, Ach. lacinia moderately dilated, very much elongated, attenwate at the base and apex, longitudinally rugose or nervoso-plicate. . Syn —R. frawinea, var. tenicformis, Ach. L. U., 603; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 7. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1781; Westr. Faergh. t. 12. c. Pe Anal Teal, Sup. 60, and 59, a.-B. D. Mass, Ital. 116; M. & N. 158 (two lower specimens) ; Scher. 492; (left-hand specimen). ; Groc. Disrrip :—Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, Poly- nesia, eae pa ah oT, Prov :—1, 2...4... 27.11. Tienes :—Cambridgesbire. Rev. R. Relhan. Moreton, Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones. Swinnop, and Sparta Lea, East Allendale, Nnrthumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Suffolk and Sussex. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. . ~ “Waxes :—Llandrindod! Rev. T. Salwey. Edderton Wood ! Montgomeryshire. * Spores ,0L1—16 mm. long, .005—7 mm, broad.” (yl. ) 86 THE LICHEN-FLORA Forma ampliata, Ach. Lacinie excessively and very broadly applanato-dilated, lacunose, longitudinally coarsely rugose or ner- vose, and transversely subreticulato-ruyose, apices obtuse and de- formed. Syn :—R, fraxinea, var. ampliata, Ach. L. U. 603; Nyl. Mon, Ramal. 37. Fie :—Hoftm. Pl. Lich. t. 18; Dill. t. 22. fig. 59. c. Exs :—Anzi Ital. Sup. 2,9, c; Scher. 492 (right-hand specimen); M. & N. (upper specimen) ; Leight. 38; Mass. 119. 118, a; Mudd 42; Bohl. 21, Geroc. Dista1e :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—1...5...7, 8...10, 11, 12...15. . ENGLAND :—Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Thirsk ! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Oswestry! Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Exminster! Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland; Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. near Shrewsbury ! Dinmore Wood! Herefordshire; Pulley ! Liany- blodwel rocks! Shropshire. ScorLanpD :—Invercald! Braemar. Dr. Lindsay. Wates :—Edderton Wood ! Montgomeryshire. 5. R. fastigiata, (Pers.) pale yellowish straw-colour, small, densely ccespitose, lacinie subcompressed, dilated and inflated up- wards, smooth and somewhat Jacunose and nervoso-rugose ; ‘corti- cal layer filamentose ; medulla K— ; apothecia terminal, peltato- sessile, subfastigiate, subtended by the very short deformed divari- cate extremities of the lacinie ; receptacle plicato-rugose ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo-oblong, straight, curved and gibbous, 1-sep- tate ; spermogonia in pale colourless receptacles. On trees, common. Syn:—Lichen fastigiatus, Pers. in Uster. N. Ann. Bot.1. p. 256. 2B. fastigiata, Ach. L. U. 603, Syn. 296; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 39; Leight. Not. Lich. 35; Crombie. 1 c. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 890 (lower left-hand fig.); Dill t. 23. f. 62, ¢; Ach. in Act. Holm. 1797, t. 9. f. 1, B, E.; Westr. Faergh. t. 12. f. E. Exs :—Bohl. 22; Leight. 39; Larbal. 60; Mudd 43; Welw. Lusit. 41; M. & N. 452; Anzi Etr.5; Anzi Ital. Sup. 64. Geroc. Distrrs :—Europe, Asia, Africa, North America. Bot. Prov :—1...4, 5...7, 8...10, 11, 12...14, 15...19...31. EncuLanpD :—Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. J. Salwey. Ayton! Cleveland. Mr Mudd, Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland; Swinnop, East Allen- dale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson, Lustleigh Cleve; Hightor Rocks; Bagtor Woods, and Devon. Messrs, Jones and Kingston. Pulley ! Haughmond Hill! Lyth Hill! near Shrewsbury! Lianyblodwel Rocks! Shropshire ; Dinmore! Herefordshire. c 2 :—-Kinnoul Hill! Perth; Yester House! Haddington. Dr. ay. IRELAND :—Great Island! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wa tes :—Edderton Wood! Montgomeryshire ; Bettws-y-coed. CHANNEL Istanps :—Jersey! Sark! &. Mr. Lar ter. Of this lichen Dr, Nylander remarks (I. c.) :—‘‘ Vix est nisi varietas R. frax- inee thallo magis contracto et subfastigiato-diviso vel laciniis sub fastigiatis. Spore magis typice curvule quam in R. calicari que certe arctissime affini et for- san he ambe alizque cohabitantes seepe hybridas proferant formas intercedentes quarum determinatio aliquando nonnihil incerta maneat ; typus tamen szpius notis datis sat facile est agnoscendus.” ‘*Spores .002—17 mm. long, .009—7 mm. broad.” (Vyl.) 6. &. polymorpha, Ach. pale straw-colour or glaucescent, rigid, small, robust,densely caespitose, sublineari-laciniate, lacinie dilatato-compressed, coarsely longitudinally striato-rugose and sub- lacunose, subopake, globuloso-granuloso-sorediate ; cortical layer fil- amentose ; medulla K— ; apothecia marginal or subterminal ; re- OF GREAT BRITAIN, 87 ceptacle rugoso-unequal or nearly smooth; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid or oblong, nearly straight or straight, 1-septate ; spermogonia in pale colourless receptacles. On maritime inland rocks, frequent, rare in fruit. Syn :—R, polymorpha, Ach. L. U. 600. Syn. 295; Nyl. Mon, Ramal. 50; Crombie 1. ¢, 72, Fie :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 11. £. 3. Exs :—Fries L. 8. 144. Grog, DistriB :—Europe. Africa. “ Spores .011—16 mm. long, .004—5 mm, broad.” (yl. ) Forma ligulata, Ach. lacinie thick, rigid, cartilaginous, ether plane, and nearly simple or broader and deformed, and covered with ‘sorediate pustules. On maritime rocks. Syn :—R. polymorpha. var. ligulata, Ach, Syn. 295; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 51 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. G. B. 92. Fig :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797. t. 11. £, 3, a, B, E, F. K. Exs :—Mudd 47 ; Leight. 73. Bor. Prov :~1, 2...5, 6...10...15...26, EnGuanp :—Roseberry Topping! Howden Gill! Cleveland. Mr, Mudd, Whit- suncliffe! near ‘Thirsk, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker, Shanklin Church! Isle of Wight. Rev. T. Salwey. Bovisand. Plymouth! Mr. Holmes. Gulsal Carne, Pen- zance! Mr. Curnow, Caer Caradoc !, Shropshire. ScorLanpD :—Coast of Kincardineshire (fruit). Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Letterfrack Bay! River Dawros! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Llanbedrog! PenCow! Forthill! near Fishguard. Pembrokeshire. Forma emplecta, Ach. lacinie attenuate, excessively branched, acuminate and granulate at the apices. On rocks. Syn :—Ach. Syn.295; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 51. Fie :—Ach, Act. Holm. 1797. t. 11. f. 8. 0. P. z. Geoc. Distris :—Sweden and W. France. Bor. Prov :—15...31. 5 Scoruanp :—Morrone and Braemar! Rev, J. Crombie. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—The Warren ! Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Forma depressa, Cromb. ceespitose, lacinize short, stunted, adnate. On maritime rocks. Syn :—Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. 8, 1. 72. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...15—31. | Enauanp—Polperro and Tintagel, Cornwall ; between Brighton and Ports- down (fruit). Mr. Forster. ScorLanD :—Coast of Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie, CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. 7. R. pollinaria, Ach. pale straw-colour or whitish, or albido- glaucescent, densely cespitose, membranaceo-laciniose ; lacinia short, dilated and compressed, somewhat shining, sublacunose or lacunoso- corrugate, flaccid, covered with broad white farinoso-sorediate, con- fluent patches ; cortical layer filamentose ; medulla K—; apothecia marginal and terminal ; receptacle unequal; spores 8, colourless, oblong, straight or gibbous, 1-septate ; spermogonia in pale colour- less receptacles. On trees, palings, rocks, &c., rare in fruit. Syn:—R._ pollinaria, Ach. Syn. 298; Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 52; Leight. Not. Lich. 35; Crombie 1. ¢. 73. Groc. DistR1B :—Europe, Africa, “Spores .010—15 mm. long, .004—6 mm, broad,” (yl. ) L K THE LICHEN-FLORA Forma elatior, Ach. lacinie suberect, elongate, plane, sublinear, attenuate and albo-pulverulento-sorediate at the apices. Fic :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 11. f.2.4,B.0,F. | Exs :—Scher. 393; Hepp. 564. 565; M. & N. 546. Reich. & Schub, 66. Bort Prov :—1, 2...4, 5. ENncLanpD :—Near Hastings (fruit), Rev. J. M. Crombie. Plymouth! Mr. Holmes.. near Ida, Devon. Mr. Jacob. Beeding! Suffolk. Rev. A. Bloxam. Barnsley Park, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Haughmond Hill! Shrop- shire. Forma humilis, Ach. membranaceo-dilated, laciniose, with broad, confluent, powdery white soredia. ~ Fic :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797, t. 11. f. 2, p, Exs :—Mudd 46, in part. Bor. Prov :—1...3...10 ENGLAND :—Ingleby !, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Walthamstow, Essex. Mr. Forster. Tunbridge Wells. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Penzance. Mr. Curnow. : If the soredia of PR. pollinaria be wetted with K it immediately sinks just like water would do, but producing no reaction eitheron them or on the thallus. 8. R. evernioides, Nyl. pale straw-colour or whitish, membra- naceous, dilated and compressed, flaccid, subopake, frequently reti- culato-rugose or reticulato-scrobiculate, or slightly rugulose, or here and there plane, variously laciniate, lacinie difformed with broad white farinoso-sorediate confluent patches or denudations of the cor- tical layer ; cortical layer thin, amorphous ; medulla K— ; “apo- thecia pallido-testacea vel pallido-glaucescentia; receptaculum subtus rugosum”’ ; spermogonia in pale colourless receptacles. On trees, palings, &c., rare in fruit. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. Gall. Alger. 47 3 Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 55; Crombie, L. c. 73. : pace alt Act. Holm. 1797, t, 11, f. 2, £. E. Bot. 1607! Dill. Muse. t. 21, £. 57,0. D. Exs :—Mudd 46in part. Leight, 41. Groc. Distr :—Europe, Asia, Africa, Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...8...10...30. EncGuanpd :—Testwood Park, New Forest (fruit). Mr. Lyell. near Lyndhurst, New Forest! (fruit) Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1866); Gopsall; Leicestershire. (fruit). Beeding! Suffolk. Rev. A. Blozam. The Lizard. Mr. Curnow. Ingleby ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Stoke Wood! Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Isle of Wight. Rev. T. Salwey. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. TrEvanp :—Near Belfast. Dr. Taylor. Probably common in Great Britain but confounded with R. pollinaria. If the soredia of R. evernioides be touched with K they are unaffected, but if im- mediately afterwards they are wetted with C, it sinks immediately just as water would do, but producing no reaction of colour either on them or on the thallus, thus distinguishing it from all states of R. pollinaria. A parasite occasionally on the thallus. “Spores .010—15 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) f. monophylla, Cromb. thallus consisting of a single large rounded lobe. On trees. Syn :—Crombie Lc. 73. EncLanD :—Lyndhurst. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 9. R. scopulorum, (Dicks.) pale straw-colour, rigid, cartilaginous, shining ; lacinice elongate, linear, subtereti-compressed, simple, or branched at the apex, attenuate; cortical layer solid, external rortion amorphous, internal portion filamentose ; medulla K yellow, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 89 then ferruginous-red ; apothecia marginal and subterminal ; recep- tacle nearly smooth ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, straight, 1-septate ; spermogonia in pale colourless receptacles, sometimes nigricant. On maritime rocks, rare, Syn :—Lichen scopulorum, Dicks. Crypt. Brit. 3. 18. RB. scopulorum, Ach, Ee ae Syn. 297; Nyl, Mon. Ramal. 58, Leight. Not. Lich. 35; Crombie, 0. 74, Fie :—E. Bot. 688; Nyl. Syn. t. 8. £. 29. Exs :—Larbal. 13; Bohl. 112, Groc. DistRIB :—Europe, Africa, Bor. Prov :—1, 2 ..6...16...31. _ Encianp :—Lamorna Cove, Cornwall. Mr, Knapp. Land’s End, Messrs, Turner & Sowerby. South Coast of England. Mr. Forster, Leigh Tor, Devon, Dr, Holl. Hightor Rocks, Devon. Msssrs, Jones and Kingston, > ScornanpD :—Mr. Dickson (1. c.). Isle of Arran. Mr. Lyle. Kincardineshire and Orkney. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Isle of May. Firth of Forth. Mr. Sadler, Trevanp :—Ardglass, Down. Mr. Lyle. Wates :—Aberystwith. M7. Forster. Harlech Castle! CHANNEL IsLaNDs ;—Grosnez Common, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .012—19 mm. long, .0045—.0065 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Var. subfarinacea, Nyl. M.S. very similar in general external appearance to &. farinacea, but the soredia and medulla K yellow then ferruginous-red. On subalpine and maritime rocks, not common. Syn :—Crombie l. c. 74. Exs :—Nyl. Pyr, or. 24. Bor. Prov:—l, 2...5...7...10...15...31. ENGLAND :—Lanbraugh, Cleveland, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. Blackingston Rocks! Devon. Mr. Parfitt, Malvern Hills. Dr. Holl. Plymouth ! Mr. Holmes. Ardingley, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. Penzance. Mr. Curnow. Longmynd ! Shrop- shire. Scortanp :—Portlethen, Kincardineshire, Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Kinnoul Hill, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. WALES :—Beddgelert ! Towyn! Harlech Castle! Moel-y-Golfa ! : CHANNEL IsLANDS‘—La Coupe, Jersey! Mr, Larbalestier, Scilly Islands. Mr. Curnow. Var. incrassata, Nyl. thallus thick, rigid, tuberéuloso-diformate, shortly laciniate, sparsingly divided, opake ; external cortical layer amorphous, internally filamentose ; medulla K yellow then red- dish. On maritime rocks, rare. 1873. Syw :—Nyl. Ramal. p. 59. (1870.) : Grog. DistR1s :—West France and Canaries. Bor, Prov :—7...31. Wates :—Harlech Castle ! - CHANNEL ISLANDS :—La Moye! Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey! Mr. Larba- ey appearance like R. polymorpha, Leight. Exs. 73, but smaller, and distinguished by different structure of the cortical layer and chemical reaction of the medulla. 10. R. cuspidata, (Ach.). pale straw-colour, rigid, cartilaginous, shining ; lacinie@ elongate, linear, compressed, more or less longt- tudinally striato-nervose, lacunose and sorediato-tuberculate, simple or dichotomously branched ; cortical layer solid, external portion amorphous, internal portion filamentose ; medulla K—; apothecia marginal and subterminal ; receptacle smooth ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, straight, 1-septate ; spermogonia in pale colourless recep- tacles, . d 90 THE LICHEN-FLORA On maritime rocks, frequent. Dr. Nylander (1. c.) remarks :—“ Forsan non vere specie differat a R. scopu- lorum, tamen presertim ob reactionem kalicam deficientem, seorsim hic est exponenda,” Syn :—R. scopulorum var. cuspidata, Ach. L. U. 605, Syn. 297. R. scopulorum, Leight. Not. Lich. 35; R. cuspidata, Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 60. Crombie. 1. c. 74. Fie :—Ach. Act. Holm. 1797. t. 9. f. 2.8; Dill t. 17, £. 38. zB. Exs :—Th. M. Fries. 1; Anzi Ital. Sup. 69; Scher. 554; Hepp 837; Leight. 2; Rabh. 864. Geroc. DistRIB :—Europe, Asia, Africa, North America. Bor. Prov :—1...6, 7...10...15. Encianp :—Yorkshire!, Mr. Dixon. Blackingstone Rocks! Lustleigh Cove ! Babicombe! Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Membury, Devon, Dr.Holl. Bovisand, Ply- mouth! Mr. Holmes. ScorLanpD :—Kincardineshire! Rev, J. M. Crombie. Wates:—Near Aberystwith. Mr. Forster. Bardsey Island, Carnarvonshire ! Mr. at lag South Stacks! Holyhead. Gimlet Rock! Pwllheli. Manorbeer ! ear Lenby. i The ape rinene from the South Stacks had the lacinie small, subulate, sub- simple, erect, with blackish apices bearing the apothecia. ‘* Spores .010—18 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Var. crassa, Del. thick, rigid, tuberculoso-difformed. CanneEL IsLanps :—Rocks under Vale Castle, Guernsey! Mr. Larbalestier. 11. &. intermedia, Del. very similar generally to R. scopwlorum var. subfarinacea, Nyl. but the apices more attenuated and divided, sore- diate on the edges, cortical layer filamentose ; medulla K—, soredia K yellow then red ; apothecia pale yellow, terminal, subtended by a longish divaricate extremity of the lacinia ; receptacle smooth ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid, straight, 1-septate. On heaths and thorns, rare. 1872. Syn :—Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 68. (1870). Crombie in Journ, Bot, n. s. 1. 133. Bor. Prov :—1...26. IpELanD :—Killery Bar co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL Istanps :—Newlyn Cliff, Penzance, and Annet Island! Scilly. Mr. Curnow. (1872) 12. FR. Curnowii, Cromb. pale straw-colour, rigid, cartilaginous, slender, fruticulose, smooth and shining, (K—C yellow, medulla K—) ; lacinie elongate, roundish or somewhat compressed, spar- ingly dichotomously branched in the lower part, more copiously branched in the finely attenuated apices, slightly dilated at the bifurcations, nigricant at the very base; apothecia pale, conver, geniculato-adnate, subtended by a short divaricate branch; recep- tacle smooth ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, straight, 1-septate ; spermogonia externally black. On maritime rocks, not unfrequent. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1875 p. 44L Bor. Prov :—1L. EncLanD :—Near Penzance and the Lizard, near the Land’s End, Cornwall. Mr. Curnow. Resembling R. cuspidata but more copiously branched. About 8 centimetres high, ‘Spores .011—15 mm, long, ‘046 mm. broad. Spermatia .003 mm. long, .001 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 13. R. genieulata, Tayl. pallid or pale straw-colour, cespitose, sub- fastigiato-ramose, subterete or sub-compressed, smooth or obsoletely longitudinally subnervose, often perforated with minute round holes, internally fistulose, branches attenuate ; apothecia pallido-testa- OF GREAT BRITAIN. 91 ceous or glauco-whitish, terminal or subterminal ; receptacle smooth or rugulose, sessile on a turgid branch, or appendieulate ; spores oblong or fusiformi-oblong, straight or obsoletely curved. On old thorn bushes, rare. 1876. Syy:—Hook, and Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 3. 655, (1854) Nyl. Mon. Ramal. 65 ee DisTRIB :—Australia, New Zealand, S. America, Nova Granada, rica. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Killery Bay, co. Galway. My. Larbalestier. (1876). ‘Spores .009—.015 mm. long, .004—7 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) Triss X. CETRARIEI. Thallus compressed, rarely terete, variously fruticulose, or narrower, or frondose, membranaceous, dilatate or lobate, epi- thallus semewhat shining, internally filled with a white woolly medulla, Apothecia lecanorine, marginal. Spores 8, small, colour- less, simple. Paraphyses indistinct. Spermogonia marginal, in setuliform apiculi, or black papille. I. CETRARIA. Ach. pr. p. Nyl. Thallus spadiceous or spadiceo-pallescent, rigescent, erect or ascending, laciniose, rarely fistulose, somewhat shining. Apothecia dull or bright brown. Spermatia cylindrical. 1. C. islandica, (L.) pale or pale chesnut-brown or fuscescent, lacinie broad, variously divided, frequently subcanaliculate, margins spinuloso-ciliated, with impressed white soredia on the back ; apothecia brown, large, adnate to the upper surface of the apices of the lacinice, receptacle entire or crenulate. On the ground in sub-alpine places, rare. 1794. F. 1. platyna, Ach. lacinize platyphyllous, margins spinuloso- ciliated. Syn :—Ach, Syn. 229, (1817). Nyl. Scand. 79. Syn. 208. Mudd Man. 77. Fic: —E. Bot. 1383. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. f. 32. Exs :—Scher. 22, Mudd 51. Leight. 42. Anzi It. S. 48, Mass. 102. Fellm. 58. Hepp 169. 3 Geog. Distris :—Frigid and Alpine Europe, N. America, Himalaya. Bort. Prov :—4...7, 8...10, 11...13, 14, 15...18, 19, 20. ENGLAND :—Durham, Rev. J. Harriman. Murton le a Belford ; Lam- berton Moor, Berwick-on-Tweed. Dr. G. Johnston. Flarendale and on Seamer Moor, near Scarborough, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Terrington ; Stockton ; Ears- ley Moors, Yorkshire. Mr. Teesdale. (1794). Ingleborough ; Gregareth, York- shire. Dr. Windsor. Gateshead, Whickham, and Muggleswick Fells; Teesdale and Weardale, Durham ; Cheviot ; Hedgehope ; Simonside ; Wallington Moors, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. King’s Lynn! Norfolk. Mr. Plowright. Market Rasen ! Lincolnshire.-Dr. F. A. Lees. ScottanD:—Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh; Ben Lomond. Sir J. E£. Smith. Ben-na-Boord, Aberdeenshire ; King’s Park ; Corstorphine; Dalmahoy. Dr. Greville. Morne near Castleton, Braemar. if Graham, Sidlaw Hills ; Clova Mountains ! Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island. Prof. Balfour. Hartfell, Moffat. Dr. Nichol. Morchone, Braemar. Mr. Croail. Ben Macdhui! Braemar. Mr. Baker. Loch-na-Garr! Rev. T. B. Bell. Muirhall, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. JRELAND :—Summit of Mangerton. Dr. Taylor, Devil’s Ladder, Carrantuel, Mc Gillicuddy’s Reeks. Mr. Hardy. 92 THE LICHEN-FLORA - Wa tes :— Cader Idris.- Rev. 7, Salwey. : ‘Spores .002 to -0025 in. long, by ‘001 in. Aspe ” (Mudd). ‘Spores .007—011 mm. long Es -005—6 mm. eos? (Nyl). ‘Spores .007—11 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) F. 2. crispa, Ach. laciniz stenophyllous, intricate, erect or depressed, canaliculate or with margins connivent or uaerrapeedly tubulose, margins spinuloso-ciliated, Syn :—Ach. ti vy 513, (1810). Fie :—Dill. t. 2: 112. Exs :—Scher. 2% Studd 52, Tuck. 3, Anzi Langob. 21. It. S. 49. Fellm. 59. Hepp 170. Geog. DISTRIB : Norther Europe and Cape Horn. Bor. Prov :—7...9...11...15. EncLanp :—Widdy Bank, Teesdale, Durham, Mr. Mudd. Bidstone Hill! Cheshire, Rev. H. H. Higgins. ScortanD :—Ben Lawers! Ben Mc Dhui; Dr. Lindsay. Top of Ben Nevis! Rev. T. B. Bell. Wates :—Moel Goch, Cwm Cywion! Mr. Plowright has sent me specimens gathered by himself at North Wootton Common, Norfolk, where he states the lichen is abundant, and that North Wootton Church, which is exactly intermediate between tke ‘Common and the Sea, is only 33 feet above the level of the sea. 2. C. Delisei, (Scher.) pale or chesnut-brown, densely czspitose, lacinie narrow, elongate, canaliculate, palmato-multifid, recurved, apices spinulose (K=C+ slightly red) ; apothecia brown, large, subterminal. On alpine rocks, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Scher. Enum. m soe Nyl. Scand. 79. Fic :—Westr. Faergh. t. 16. Exs :—Fellm. 60, Th. M. Fries, 54, Rabh. 919, Geroc. DIsTRIB Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Summit of Lochnagar in Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 3. C. aculeata, Fr. spadiceous, fistulose, terete or compressed or angular, rigid, erect, ramose, ccespitoso-fruticulose, branches divari- cate, more or less nigro-spinulose ; apothecia spadiceous, small, terminal. On moors, heaths, rocks, &c., not uncommon. ‘Spores .00175 to .002 in. long, by .00075 to .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “ Spores .006—9 mm. long, .0035—.004 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .005—9 mm, long, .003—4 mm. broad,” (T.M. Fr.) F. 1. typica, spadiceous, plano-compressed, sublacunose, naked, divaricato-spinulose at the apices. Syw :—Ach. Meth. oe 803), Nyl. Syn. 300. Fic :—Ach. Meth. t. 6 Exs :—Mudd 50. ‘tight pi Reich. & Schub. 21. Psjerce DisTgie :—North and Central Europe, Arctic America, Antarctic erica. Bor. Prov :—3...5...7, 8.. 10, 11...14, 15...19...26...30, 31. ENGLAND : —Dirrington Law, Northumberland. Dr. @. Johnston. Crai forda, near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. High Green Wood, Tod- morden. Mr. Baines. Shipley Common, Yorkshire. Mr. Huilstone, Lyndhurst Moor. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Flazendale. Mr. Baker. Malham. Dr. Carrington. Ayton Moor; Farndale! Burton Head; and other laces in Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd, Simonside ; Prestwick Carr, Northumberlan ; Gateshead and Ravens. worth Fells, Durham. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills, Worcestershire. Mr, Purton. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Tiptree Heath, Essex. Mr. Varenne, Sugar Loaf, Monmouthshire, Mr. Purton Peart’s Crags, near Settle. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 93 Dr. Windsor. Swinnop Fell, Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. 5 oe Long-Mynd! Pontesford Hill! Haughmond Hill! Stiperstones! pshire. . ScorLanp :—Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Glen Nevis! Invernesshire; Blaeberry Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Aberdeen a Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Isle of May, Firth of Forth, Mr. 1. IRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Southern Counties. Dr. Taylor. near Maam! Joyce County. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es :—Cwm Bychan, near Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. Arran Mowddy ! Gwydir Rocks, Bettws-y-coed ! (fruit). CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. F. 2. muricata, Ach. smaller, densely’ intricato-ccespitose, densely ramulose, subterete, or sub-compressed, naked, shortly divaricato- spinulose at the apices. Syn :— Ach. Meth. 302. (1803). Nyl. Scand. 80. Fic :—E. Bot. 452 Exs:—M. & N. 756. Scher. 555..Welw. 8, Mudd 49. Leight. 4. Grog. Distris :—Alpine Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...10...14, 15. : Ls ENncuanp :—Beverley. Mr. Teesdale. Ayton! Yorkshire Mr. Mudd. Craig- forda! near Oswestry, Rev. T. Salwey. Malvern Hills; Stiperstones, Salop ; Sugar Loaf, Monmouthshire. Mr. Purton. Dartmoor Tors, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Stiperstones! Laurence Hill! Shropshire. Long Mynd! Haugh- mond Hill! ScorLanD :—Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Ee aoe Dr. Lindsay. Glen Muick and Glen Dee, Braemar. Rev. J. M. rombie. Watss :—Barmouth ! Cwm Cywion ! F. 3. acanthella, Ach. like typica, but entirely hispido-spinuloso- denticulate. Syn:—Ach. L. U. 612. (1810). Fie :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 5. f. 2. ns :—Scher. 254. pr. p. M. & N. 168. Zw. 222. Welw. 10. Anzi Langob. 416. b, é Grog. Distris :—Switzerland, Germany, Portugal, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...10...15. EnoLanp :—Hambleton! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Muda. Clifton! Bristol. Mr, Joshua. ScoTLAND:—Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Il. PLATYSMA. Hf'm. pr. p. Wyl. Thallus various in colour, nigrescent, fruticulose, generally mem- branaceo-dilated, lobate or laciniate, nearly subterete. Apothecia marginal or sub-marginal. Spermogonia minutely papillate or tuberculate. Spermatia incrassate at both the obtuse apices, or susiformi-incrassate at one apex, or fusiformi-ellipsoid. A. Spermatia incrassate at both the obtuse apices. 1. P. nivale, (L.) ochroleucous or stramineous, sinuato-laciniate, lacinies canaliculato-patulous, reticuldto-lacunose, dentate at the erect apices (K--C +); apothecia flesh-coloured, margin of recep- tacle crenato-rugose ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, small, simple. On the ground in alpine places. Syn :—Tinn. Fl. Suec. 1086. Ny]. Syn. 302. Mudd Man. 78, Fic :—E. Bot. 1994. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. f. 38. Hepp Sporen t. 96. f. 845. _ Exs :—Scher. 19. ‘Tuck. 59, Anzi It. 8, 51. Hepp 845. Mudd 53. Leight. 43. Smrft. 76. Rabh. 865. Grog. Distr1B:—Europe, N. America. ao 94 THE LICHEN-FLORA Bor. Prov :—15. Coe :—Highlands. Dr. Rob. Townson. Cairngorm and Ben Lawers. Sir W. J. Hooker. Basiea¢ Ben Red; Loch Brandy; Clova; Mr. W. Gardiner. Source of the Dee; Lochnagar ; Morchone ; Braemar ; Dr. W. L. Lindsay. Ben-na-Boord! Clova. Rev. T. B. Bell. Ben Mc Dhui. Mr. J. G. Baker. “Spores oe to .002 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) *‘ Spores -007—9 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Vy/i.) oe .006—9 mm. long, -003—5 mm. broek: » (7M. Fr.) Spores .0075 mm. long, .604 mm. broad. 2. P. cucullatum, (Bell.) ochroleucous or stramineous, canalicu- lato-laciniate, lacinie sinuato-divided, margins connivent, undulate, smooth, crenate at the recurved apices (K—C-+); apothecia flesh- coloured, adnate, often dilated, margin of receptacle thin, at length excluded ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple, small. On the ground in alpine localities. Syn :—Bellard Obs. Bot. 54. Ares). Nyl. Syn. 302. Mudd Man. 78. Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. L. t. 66. f. 2. Hepp ie t. 96. £. 844. Exs:—M. & N. 544, Scher. 18. Tuck. 4. Mass. 297. Fs It. S. 50. Hepp 844. Fellm. 6L Gexoc. Distais :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov:—15. ScotLanD :— Cairngorm Mountains. Rev. J. Dalton. Summit of Cairntoul, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie, ‘* Spores .0015 to .002 in. 1o1 bY. 00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .007— -010 mm. long, .004 mm. bro: (Wyl.) ‘Spores .006—9 mm. long, .003—5 mm. broad.” (7, UM. Fr.) Spores -0075 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. 3. P. triste, (Web.) pitch-black, browner below, subfastigiato- Sruticulose, teretiusculo-compressed, rigid, disticho-ramose, branches black, attenuate, (medulla C—) ; apothecia fuscous-black, subter- minal, appendiculate, margin dentate flexuose ; spores 8, colour- less, oblong, simple. On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Weber Spicil. a ar7s). oe Syn. 307. apa Man. 76. Fic :—E. Bot. 720. Web. Sp. t. 5. Hepp Sporen t. 96. f. Exs :—M. &N. 646. Wel, ‘ua 112. Hepp 846, Anzi Tes S, 57. Scher. 256. Grog. DistrrB :—Alps of Europe. Bor, Prov :—1...5...7...10, 11...14, 15...18, 19. EneLanpD :—Summit of Hedgehope, Northumberland. Dr. G. Johnston. York- shire! Mr. Dixon. Eglestone and Cronkley Fell, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Cheviot ; Simonside ; Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills, Worcester- shire ; Sugar Loaf, Monmouthshire, Mr. Purton. Tors of Dartmoor. Mr, New- Scorzanp :—Clova Mountains. Mr. W. Gardiner. Morchone ! and Glen Dee! Braemar and top of Lochnagar! and near Perth. Garrynahine, Lewis. Dr. lah omg Sb dy, Perthshire. Mr. Macmillan. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Ben 1 foam :—Higher Mountains, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Wates :—Cader Idris, Snowdon! Kev. T. Salwey. Moel Siabod. Mr. W. pidiies Arran Mowddy'! (fruit) Cwm Tryfaen ! Giyder Fach ! Cwm Ffynnon oer ‘* Spores .0015 to .00175 in. long, .001 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores -009—.011 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .008—11 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (7. MW. Fr.) 4. P. sepincola, (Ehrh.) castaneo-olivaceous or badio-castaneous or pallido-castaneous, laciniato-lobate, small, lacinie plane, pros- trate or ascending, smooth, or slightly lacunose- rugulose, margin undulato-sinuate or crenate, paler beneath, (K—C—); apothecia badio-fuscescent, receptacle rugulose beneath, margin entire ; spores ellipsoid. On trees and palings, rare. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 95 Syn :—Ehrhart Beitr. 2. p, 95. (1788), Ny}. Syn. 308, Crombie in Journ. n. ». 1 P 234, Mudd Man. 80. 1¢ :—Hffm. Pl. L, t. 14. f£. 1. E. Bot. t. 2386. fig. 1. and 2. and lower right hand figure. Hepp Sporen t. 96. f. 843. Exs :—Scher. 297. Heep 843. Rabh. 741. Fellm. 63. Leight, 45. Smrft. 152. Gxoc. Distris :—N. Europe, N. Asia, Arctic America, Bor. Prov :—1...5...7, 8...10, 11...15...18...81. Encianp :—Yarmouth. Mr. D. Turner, Oteley Park pales, near Ellesmere, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey, Ingleby Park; Baysdale; Kildale; and High Cliff, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. near High Force Inn, Teesdale. Dr. Holl. Bardon Hill; Gopsall, Leicestershire. Rev. A, Bloxam. ScorLanD :—Deerhill Wood; White Hill; Forfarshire, Mr. W. Gardiner. Kinnordy. Mr. Lyell. Morchone! Braemar; Blaeberry Hill, Perth ; Garryna- bine; J Lewis. Dr, Lindsay. Quoich, Braemar ; Killin; Blair Athole, Rev. J. M. ‘rombie. ‘WALES :—Cwm Bychan; Cessel Cwm; Drws Ardudwy. Rev. T. Salwey. Giant’s Pebbles, Cader Idris, Mr. Ralfs. : CuanneL Isuanps :—Guernsey. Rev. 7’. Salwey. ‘Spores .0175 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (MMudd.) ‘Spores .008—.010 mm. long, .0055—.0065 mm. broad.” (Myl.) ‘‘Spores .006—10 mm. long, -004—6 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Var. ulophylla, Ach. paler and larger than sepincola ; laciniate, lacinize variously divided, sub-adpressed, margin undulato-crisped, albo-sorediate, (K-—C—) ; apothecia small. On trees, palings, é&c., frequent, but rare in fruit. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 297. (1803). Nyl. Syn. 309. Crombie. 1. c. Fie :—E. Bot. 2386. fig. 3. and lower left hand figure, Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 54, Rabh. 742. Mudd 56. Bor. Prov :—4, 5...7...10...15. EnatanpD :—Ingleby Park! Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Oteley Park pales !, Ellesmere, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Stiperstones! Shropshire. ScotianpD :—Kinnordy, Forfarshire. Sir. W. J. Hooker, Blaeberry Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Scotch Mountains, Mr. Dickson. Linn of Quoich, Braemar ; Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Watss :—Conway falls! Cwm Bychan ! 5. P. Fahlunense, (L.) fuscous or spadiceo-fuscous or fusco- nigricant, orbicular, smooth, lobato-laciniate, laciniw appressed, plano-subcanaliculate, margins elevated, apices rotundato-crenate, be- neath nigricant, (K medulla yellow) ; apothecia fuscous or fusco- rufous, receptacle plicato-rugose, margin granulose ; spores 8, co- lourless, oblong, simple, small; spermatia slender, elongate, straight incrassate at each apex. On alpine rocks, rare. Attention to the margins of the thallus and spermatia will always distinguish this from P. commixtum, Nyl. Syn :—Linn. FI. Suec. 1078. Nyl. Syn. 309, Mudd Man. 100. Fie :—Hoffm. Pl, L. t. 36. f. 2. Hepp pera t. 67. £. 586, Exs :—Hepp 586. Scher. 373. 374. Fr. L. 8, 836. Anzi It. 8. 55, 56, Grog. Distr1p :—Arctic Europe, N. America, Himalaya. Bor. Prov :—1...7...10, 11...15. EnGuanD :—Yorkshire! Mr. Dixon. Teesdale ; Weardale : Butsfield ; Hors- leyhope, Durham; Cheviot, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Hay Tor, Dart- moor. Dr. Holl. ScortanD :—Clova Mountains. Mr. W. Gardiner. Grampians, Braemar ; Ben More, Bredalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. ‘Wats :—Llyn Cae, Cader Idris, Rev. 7. Salwey. *“ Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) *‘Spores .005—.011 mm. long, .004—6 mm, broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Spores .008 mm. long, .0055 mm, broad, _. 6. BP. diffusum, (Web.) whitish or albido-cinerascent, stellato- orbicular, appressed, lacinie narrow, applanate, multifid, albo- 96. THE LICHEN-FLORA sorediate ; apothecia .spadiceo-fuscous or rufescent, margin crenu- late, sorediate; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo-ovoid, simple, straight ; thallus K + C—, medulla K yellow. On posts, palings, &c. not uncommon. 1793. Syn :—Web. Spic. 250. (1778). P. alewrites, Ach. Prodr. 117. (1798). a ae Ty, Beand. 105. Mudd Man. 98, Parm. placorodia, Ach. Syn. 196. Nyl. cand. 106. Fic :—E. Bot. 858. Dicks. Cr. Br. t. 9. f. 6. Hffm, Pl. t. 65. f. 2. Hepp Sporen t. 98. 859. i ; _ Exs :—Zw. 54, Scher. 489, 376..M. and N. 739. Mudd 71. Hepp 859. Anzi Langob. 50. ‘ . aoe Distrie :—Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Italy, Bavaria, rmany. ; Bor. Prov :—8, 4, 5...8...10...15.- ENGLAND :--Croft Gastle Park, Herefordshire. Mr. Dickson. (1793). Henham, Suffolk. Mr. D. Turner. near Windsor. Dr. G. H. Noehden. Oswestry! Hay Park near Ludlow; Oteley Park near Ellesmere. Rev. 7. Salwey. Rosedale ; Farndale; Bransdale; Baysdale! Kildale; Ingleby Park, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Gop Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire, very fine and abundant. ScotLanD :—Scotch Highlands, Rev. J. Dalton. “Spores .0015 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .01I—12 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .006—9 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) B. Spermatia ellipsoid. 7. P.commixtum, Nyl. pallido-spadiceous or spadiceo-fuscous» effuse, smooth, ¢rregularly lineari-laciniate or divided, lacinie plane ascending and entangled, margins not elevated, apices obliquely trun- cate and furcate, concolorous or ‘paler beneath, (K medulla—) ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-rufous, receptacle plicato-rugose, margin granulose ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple, small ; spermatia short, oblongo-ellipsoid or fusiform-ellipsoid. On alpine rocks. Attention to the form of the apices of the imbricate laciniz of the thallus, and the spermatia, will at once separate this from P. Fahlunense. Syn :—Nyl. Syn. 310. (1858). Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s, 1. p. 234, Fic :—Nyl. Syn. t. 8. £. 43. E. Bot. t. 653, Exs :—Dicks. 23. M. and N. 350, Anzi Langob. 417. Zw. 184. Geog. D1stTRIB :—Central Europe and Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—7...9...15. ENGLAND :—Lancashire. Mr Hudson. ScotLanD :—Scotch Mountains! Mr. Dickson. Ben More; Ben-na-boord ; Ben Lawers; Rev. J. M. Crombie. Loch-na-gar! Braemar. Dr. W. L. Lindsay. Rocks north side of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. Wates :—North Wales. Mr. Griffith. ‘* Spores .009—.011 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .009 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. C. Spermatia acicular cylindrical, incrassate at one apex. 8. P. juniperinum, (L.) citrino-flavescent or pale flavo-virescent or glauco-flavescent, lobato-laciniate, lacinie eroso-crenate, crowded, crisped, smoothish, beneath yellow, rugulose, medulla citrine (K— C+); apothecia badio-rufous or badio-fuscous, margin corrugate or crenulato-denticulate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, -simple. On the earth and trees, in alpine districts. Syn :—Linn. Fl Suec, 1093 Nyl Syn. 312. Mudd'Man. 79, + - OF GREAT BRITAIN. 97 as :—Hoffm. Pl. L. t. 7. f.2, Nyl. Syn. t. 8 f. 34. Hepp Sporen t. 95. £ Exs :—Scher. 20. Anzi It. §. 52. Langob. 871. Smrft. 153. Rabh. 866. Groce, Distrrsp:—N. Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanpD :—Clova. Mr, R. Jacob. near Ben Lawers; Rothiemurchus. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .0015 in. long, by .00075 to .001 in. broad.” (Mudd:) ‘Spores .006— 7 mm. long, .004—.0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores ,006—8 mm. long, .004— 6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. pinastri, (Scop.) like the type, but laciniw lobate, appressed and broader, margins citrino-sorediate ; spores subglobose. On trees. Syn :—Scop. Fl. Carn. 1. 387, (1760). Nyl. Syn. 312. Mudd Man. 79. Fie :—E. Bot. 2111, Hffm. Pl. L. t. 7. f. 1. Hepp. Sporen t. 96. £. 841. 842. Exs :—Scher. 21. Fries 333. Hepp $41, 842, Anzi It. 8. 53. Fellm. 62. M. & N. 451. Arn. 618. Gxog. DistriB :— N. Europe, Scandinavia, Asia, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...4...11...15. Enexanp :—Framlingham, near Norwich, Mr. D. Turner. Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Ravine of St. John, Cornwall. Rev. 7. Salwey. Scor.anD :—North of Scotland ; Aviemore! Kinnordy. Sir W. J. Hooker. The specimen from which E. Bot. t. 211 was drawn was a foreign one from Linn. Herb. The few British specimens seen are either much smaller, or when larger, greenish-yellow, margins less regularly citrino-sorediate. A state of Physcia parietina was often confounded with juniperinum by earlier writers and even by some modern lichenists, see Crombie in Journ. Bot. n.s. 1. p. 234. 9. P. glaucum, (L.) ivory-white or glaucescent or pallescent, membra- naceous, smooth or slightly lacunoso-rugulose, laciniate or laciniato- lobate, lacinize ascending, margins sinuate or crenate, or lacerate, or sorediate, or minutely dissecto-fimbriate, beneath rugose, fusco- migricant or fuscous or pallescent or entirely albicant, (K-+C=) ; apothecia spadiceo-rufous, receptacle rugose beneath, margin thin, presently excluded. On rocks and trees, common. Syn :—Linn. FI. Suec. 1094. Nyl. Syn. 318. Mudd Man. 79. Fic :—E. Bot. 1606. Exs :—Nyl, 28. Bohl. 79. Mudd 54, Arn. 527, Leight. 44. Anzi It. S. 58 in part. . Grog. Distr :—Europe, America, Asia. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7,...10, 11, 12...14, 15, 16...18, 19, 20...31. Enaianp :—Lamberton Moor, Northumberland. Dr. G. Johnston. Craigforda, near Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Kielder and Deadwater Fell, Northumberland. Prof. Balfour. Kildale Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Castle Howard, York- shire, Mr. Teesdale. (1794). Malvern Hills, Worcestershire. Mr. Purton. Dart- moor. Dr. Holl. Charnwood Forest; Gopsall. Rev. A. Bloxam. Lustleigh Cleve, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Peart’s Crags, near Settle. Dr. Windsor. Heddon-on-wall, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills, Mr. Purton. Bottor Rock, Whiddon ; Gidleigh, High Tor; Widdecombe-in-the-Moor, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland; Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson, Aymestrey! Herefordshire ; Stiperstones! Wrekin! Shropshire. ScorLaNnD :—Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Clova Mountains; Deerhill Wood, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island; Arran. Prof. Balfour. Ben Mac Dhui!, Braemar; Blaeberry Hill, Perth; Amulree! Perthshire. Dr. Lindsay. Killin ; Rothiemurchus. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Mangerton, Dr. Taylor. Carrickadrohid. Mr. Carroll. Wares :—Near Barmouth. Rev. T, Salwey. Capel Curig! Aran Mowddy! CuanniEL IsLtanps :—Boulay Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ** Spores .00175in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .006—7 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores .006—9 mm. long, .0035—50 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 5 98 THE LICHEN-FLORA f. sorediosa, margins sorediate, fusco-nigricant and rugose beneath. Exs :—Anzi It. S. 58. Scher. 252. Locatities :—High Cliff, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Blaeberry Hill, Perth! Ben Mac Dhui, Braemar! Dr. W. L. Lindsay. f. fallax, (Web.) margins entire or sorediate, entirely albicant beneath. Fic :—Hffm. PL L. t. 47. £. 1—3. Locatitigs. — Carlisle! Mr. T. C. Heysham. Inverary. Sir W. J, Hooker. Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Blackston Rock, Devon. Mr. Jacob. f. coralloidea, (Wallr.) margins minutely lineari-dissecto-fimbriate, pallescent or albicant beneath. Fic :—E. Bot. 2373. Hffm, Pl, L. t. 46. f£. 1-3. Hepp Sporen t. 66. f. 574: Scheer. 253. Exs :—Th. Fr. 30. M. and N. 156. Anzi Langob. 418. Hepp oF 574. Scher. 253. Loca.ities.—Devonshire. Mr. Slater. Carig Mountain, Ireland. Dr. Taylor. Baldovan Woods; Clova Mountains. Mr. W. Gardiner. 10. P. lacunosum, Nyl, whitish, membranaceous, reticulato- lacunose, broadly laciniate or lobato-laciniate, lacinie crenato-undu- late and incised, -rotundate at the apex, beneath fusco-nigricant or fusco-pallescent or entirely whitish, (K-+C—) ; apothecia spadi- ceous, receptacle rugulous beneath, margin thin entire. On damp rocks, rare. Syn :—Nyl. Syn. 314. Oe. Cetraria, Ach. Meth. 295. Fic :—Ach. Meth. t. 5. Exs:—Tuck. 6. 61. Groce. Distris:—N. America, Norway. Bor. Prov. :—15, 16. ScoTLanD:—Ben Lawers! Craig Cluny, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Fort William, in Lochaber. Adm. Jones, “Spores .006--8 mm, long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Serres IV. PHYLLODEI. Thallus foliaceous, depressed, lobate or variously laciniate or stellate, very rarely cespitoso-intricate, medulla stuppeous. Apo- thecia either peltiform or lecanorine or lecideine and gyrose. Spores various. Paraphyses distinct or indistinct. Spermatia shortly acicular or slenderly cylindrical, straight, narrower in the middle. Trine XI. PELTIGEREI. Thallus frondose, dilatate, cortical layer deficient on the under surface. Apothecia peltiform, rotundate, reniform or oblong, mar- ginal, adnate to the upper or lower surface or scattered on the upper surface of the thallus. Spores 8, colourless and fusiform in the marginal apothecia, fuscous and ellipsoid and bilocular in the scattered apothecia. Paraphyses stout, articulate. Sup-TrinE I. NEPHROMEI. Apothecia adnate to the lower surface of the margin of the thallus. Spores 8, colourless or fuscescent, 3-septate. OF GREAT BRITAIN 99 I. NEPHROMIUM. Wyi. Thallus membranaceous, fragile, lurid, or glaucescent or fusces- cent, cortical layer continuous on the lower surface, and nerveless. Apothecia adnate to the lower surface of margin of thallus. Spores 8, colourless or fuscescent, 3-septate. Granula gonima moniliform, dark ceeruleo-virescent. 1. WV. levigatum, Ach. lurido-fuscescent, orbicular, rotundato- lobate, margins sinuato-crenate, opake, scarcely shining above, beneath pale glabrous and slightly rugulose (medulla white K—); apo- thecia fusco-rufous, margin of receptacle crenulato-unequal, back of receptacle minutely depresso-granulate ; spores 8, fuscescent, fusi- formi-oblong, 3-septate. On trees, rocks, and stones, in shady alpine places. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 242. (1817). Ay Syn. 320. Leight. in Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist. 4. ser. vol. 5. p. 37. Mudd Man. 81. Fic :—Tul. Mem. Lich. t. 9. f. 1823, Exs :—Maudon 31. Smrft. 70. Grog. DistriB ae ie world. Bor. Prov :—1... .12...15...31. ENGLAND: Y Er eawtele | Pearse iC Mrs. Stanger. S. Devon and Cornwall. ae Se Bagley wood, near Oxford. Mr. Baxter. Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. mM ScortanD :—Highlands! Baron Von Wuilfen. Blair Athole! Prof. Dickie. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Killin. Dr. Holl, Wates :—Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. CHANNEL ISLANDS: :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. “* Spores .004 to .0045 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd. ) Var. parile, (Ach.) lurido-fuscescent, paler or fusco-nigricant and glabrous beneath, margins crisped and ccesio-sorediate. (medulla white K—). Neo eee Prodr. 164. (1798). Nyl. Syn. 320. Leight. in Ann. and Mag at. st. 1 Fia :—E. Bot. 2360. Dill. Muse. t. 28. f. 105. B. & C. Exs :—Nyl. Paris. 109. Anzi It. S. 88. Langob. 24. 253. & 254. A.M. & N. 838, Arn. 621, Grog. DistR1B aoe Chili. Bort. Prov :—1...5...7...16...30. ENGLAND Baa near Bovey Tracey, S. Devon! Dr. Holl. Cound Moor, Shropshire. Kev. Edie Williams. Heaviicce, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. ScoTnanD :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TreLaAnp :—Near Glenarm, co. Antrim, Dr. Moore. Watss :—Dolgelley. Mr. Ralfs. near Dolgelley ! Dr. Holl. Drwsynant ! Var. subtomentellum, Nyl. under surface of thallus obsoletely sub-tomentellose ; back of receptacle rugose or coriaceo-rugulose, or slightly areolato-granulose or areolato-rugulose (medulla white K yellow). On old ash trees. Syn :—Nyl. Lapp. or. p. 1 . Exs :—Fellm. 67, Anzi Langob. 252. M. & N. 252 upper specimen. Grog. DISTRIB Et Lapland, Lombardy, Switzerland. Bot. Prov :—7... ScorLanD ead of Loch Awe, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Drwsynant ! 2. MN. tomentosum, Hffm. livid or livido-castaneous or lurido- fuscescent, lobate or laciniato-lobate, glabrous below, tomentose upwards, under surface pale and villose, (medulla white K—); 100 THE LICHEN-FLORA apothecia testaceo-rufous or rufo-fuscescent, margin protruded, annulari-tomentose, crenulate ; back of receptacle villose ; spores 8, colourless or fuscescent, fusiformi-oblong, 3-septate. On trees and rocks, very rare. Syn :—Hffm. Pl. Germ. 2. p. 108. Nyl. Syn. 319. Leight. 1. ¢. Fic :—Dill. Muse. t. 28. f. 105. A. Exs :—Scher. 259, Zw. 179. in part M. & N. in part 252. Tuck. 13. Smrft. 69. Groc. Distr1B :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...15...26. ScornanD :—Invercauld! Mr. R. Brown. (1792). Craig Cluny, in Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ENGLAND :—Llsington ; North Bovey ; Manaton ; Chagford ; Whiddon Park; Bottor Rock, &c., Devon. Messrs. Jones &: Kingston. IRELAND :—Derryclare Island, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalastier. Var. rameum, Scheer. glaucescent, broadly lobate, under surface pale and villose, albido-papillate, pseudo-cyphellate. On trees. Syn :—Scher. Enum. 18. (1850). Nyl. Syn. 319. Leight. 1. c. Exs ao she oir a - Geroc. DistRIB :—Switzerl > Italy, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—15. ee ys ScottanD :—Forfarshire! Mr, Dickson. 3. WV. lusitanicum, Scher. livido-castaneo-fuscescent, rotundato- lobate, margins crenate, not unfrequently minutely crenulate, crisped and undulate, smooth and somewhat shining above, beneath pale, glabrous and somewhat rugulose, (medulla flavescent, K red); apothecia fusco-rufous, margin of receptacle crenato-laciniate in- curved, back of receptacle minutely depresso-areolate ; spores 8, fuscescent, fusiformi-oblong, 3-septate. On mossy rocks, trees, and stones, frequent. Syn :—Scher. Enum. (1850). Leight. 1. c. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 305. Exs: —Mudd 57. Arn. 479. Leight. 107. Nyl. Pyr. or. 26. Groc. DisTRIB :—Switzerland, Pyrenees, Portugal, Italy, Canaries, Java, Bor. Prov :—1...3...5, 6, 7...10, 11, 12...15, 16...22. ENGLAND :—Baysdale! Oggeray Gill! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Cumberland ! Mrs. Stanger. Pentregaer! near coe Rev. T. Salwey. Torquay ! Devon. Dr, Deakin. near Launceston! Cornwall; Ashburton! near Totness, Devon. Dr.' Holl. Bickley! Devon; Liskeard! Cornwall; Mr. D. Turner. Shipley Wood, Eglestone, Durham. Mr. Robertson. near Hastings, Sussex. Rev. E. WV. Bloomfield. Sussex coast, Dillenius. ScoTLanD :—Carse of Ardessier, 3m. east from Fort George! near Cawdor! Reeky Linn! Craig Koynoch! Mr. W. Gardiner. Crinan! Argyleshire. Dr, Lindsay. Falls of Moness, Aberfeldy! Dr. Holl. Braemar! Mr. Croall. Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Dumbarton Castle. Sir J. EB. Smith. IRELAND :—Shore of Lough Tay; Luggelaw! Adm. Jones. Glenarm, co. Antrim. Prof. Dickie. Wates :—Garthewin. Mr. Griffith. Dolgelley! Barmouth! Drwsynant! Glyn ! near Capel Curig. Gwydir woods! Bettws-y-coed. Trefriw ! Manorowen! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Tremadec! Var. Hibernicum, Nyl. medulla white, K red ; back of receptacle smooth. On rocks rare. Exs :—Anzi Etr. 8. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Mr. Larbalestier. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 101 Sus-trise II. PELTIDEL : Stratum gonidiale formed of granula gonima, not gonidia. Apothecia marginal on the upper surface of thallus. Spores 8, colourless or slightly fuscescent, fusiform. II. PELTIGERA. (Hym.) Ach. Thallus membranaceo-lobate, fragile, cortical layer not con- tinuous on the under surface and there generally nerved and rhizinose. Apothecia marginal on upper surface of thallus. Spores 8, colourless or slightly fuscescent, fusiform, 3-5-7-septate, Stratum gonidiale of granula gonima not gonidia, A. Apothecia adnate. 1. P. aphthosa, (L.) glauco-virescent or livido-glaucescent, broadly membranaceous, smooth, with pale brown patelliform or verrucose depressed cephalodia, beneath either reticulato-nigricanti-nervose, or continuously fusco-nigricant, with broad whitish margin ; apo- thecia fusco-rufescent, rotundate, adnate to a narrow ascending thalline lobe ; spores 8, colourless or fuscescent, fusiform, 3-7- septate. On shady alpine rocks. Syn :—Linn. FI. Suec. 1098, Nyl. Syn. 322. Mudd Man. 81. Fig :—E. Bot. 1119, Nyl. Syn. t. 8. £. 38. Hepp Sporen t. 19. f. 173, Exs :—Tuck. 9, 102. M. & N. 251. Mudd 58, Mass. 12. Anzi It. 8. 90, Hepp 173. Scher. 29. Grog. Distrip :—N. Europe, N. Asia, N. America. Bor. Prov :—5...7, 8...10, 11...14, 15...26...30. Encuanp :—Craigforda; and Downton Castle, Herefordshire. Rev. 7’, Salwey. Cheviots, above Langley Ford ; Gunnerton Crags ; Shewing Shields, Northum- berland; Hagerag Wood in Teesdale Forest, Durham. Mr. Winch. Holwick. Rev. J. Harriman. near Buxton. Dr. Holl. Ilsington; Lustleigh, &c. Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Swinnop, Allendale, Northumberland ; Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScorLanD :—Foot of Pentland Hills. Mr. Yaldon. near the Falls of the Clyde, in fruit. Messrs. Turner d: Hooker. near Habbie’s How, in the Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Abbey St. Bathans! Dr. G. Johnstone. Sands of Barrie and west side of the White Hill, Forfarshire, in fruit. Mr. W, Gardiner. Banks of the Garry. Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates -—L1 Bpodta ; Breidden. Rev. T. Salwey. Eglwyseg Rocks ! TRELAND :—Nallagh Braes, near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. co. of Derry. Mr. D. Moore. Twelve Pins! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .009 to .012 in. long, by .00075in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .060— 92 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 2. P. canina, (L.) canescent or cinereo-pallescent, opake, more or less longitudinally lacunoso-impressed, adpresso-tomentellose, rotun- dato-lobate, under surface longitudinally appresso-albo-tomentose with prominent pale anastomosing villoso-tomentose nerves extending to the very margin and clothed with tufts of pale rhizine ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-rufous, adnate, margin nearly entire, Lack of recep- tacle uniformly tomentose, almost subfurfuraceous ; spores 8, colour- less, elongato-fusiform, 3-5-septate. On mossy earth, stones, &c. very common. Syn :—Linn. Fl. Suec. 1109, Nyl. Syn. 324, Mudd Man. £2. Grevillea 3. 168, Fia ;—E, Bot, 2299. Dill, t. 27. fig. 102. E. Hepp Sporen t.9 6, f. 575, 102 THE LICHEN-FLORA Exs-—M. and N. 154. Welw. 15. Scher. 28. Hepp 575. Anzilt. S. 91. Mau- don 18. Bohl. 30. Reich. and Schub. 114, Wagn. 19. Mudd 59. Leight. 141, Geoc. Distr1B :—Europe, Asia, Africa, N. and Central America. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...7.. 10, i, 42, 13. 15, 16...(19—30). 31. EncLaxnpD -—Berwick-upon-Tweed ! Dr. @. Johnston. Worcester! Dr. Holl. Northumberland and Durham. M?. Winch. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Devonshire. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. near Ayton. Mr, Mudd. Guestling, Sussex. Rev. H. N. Bloomfield. Swin- nop, East Allendale, Northumberland ; Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnston. Shropshire ! ScoTtLanD :—Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island; Arran. Prof. Bajos Ben Lawers! Dr. Holl. Caerlaverock Road, Dumfries. Dr. Lindsay. TreELaND :—Common. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Dolgelley! Dr. Holl. CHANNEL IsLaNDs :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier, “Spores. .009 to .012 in. long, by .00075 in. broad. t 1. f. 22. ” (Mudd. ) “Spores .066 —-70 mm, long, .0045 mm. broad.” (WNyl.) f. crispa, (Whlnb.) margins sorediate. Syn :—Whlnb. Lapp. 446. (1812.) Mudd Man. 83. Exs :—Leight. 262. EneianD +-Ayton ! ! Lanbraugh rigg! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. IRELAND :—Glendalough ! Kylemore ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Near Dolgelley ! 3. P. malacea, (Ach.) cinereo-glaucescent or glauco-fuscescent, upper surface smooth but minutely punctato-tomentellose upwards immediately below the apothecia ; under surface tomentose, with broad flattened confluent, brown, tomentose spongiose nerves terminat- ing below the paler brown uniformly tomentose margin, densely nigri- canti-spongiose towards the centre and base ; apothecia fusco-rufous, margin crenato-incised, connivent or incurved ; back of receptacle coarsely furfuraceous ; spores 3-5-septate. On mossy earth, 1873. Syn :—Ach. Syn. p. 240. (1817.) Nyl. Syn. 323. Grevillea 3. 168. Fic : —Sturm D. FL t. 17. Hepp Sporen t. 7. f. 50. Exs :—M. and N. 1048. Zw. 223. AnziIt. S. 89. Rabh. 765. Reich. and Schub. 116. Hepp 50. Leight. 361. Grog. Distrrp :—Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Bavaria, Hungary, Himalaya, N. America, “Kerguelen’s Land. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7... ENGLAND :—Swinnop, e "{tlendale, Northumberland. Rey. W. Johnson. Raglith! and Huglith! near Church Stretton ; High Rock, near Bridgnorth ! Sharpstones Hill! Craigforda ! ScoTLanD :—Inverary, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1878). Wates :—Manorowen! near Pienguard, Pembrokeshire! Benarth! near Conway ; between Corwen and Bala! ig Breidden ! “ Spores .058—74 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (yl.) 4. P. rufescens, (Hffm.) pale cervine or cinereo-rufescent, rotun- dato-lobate, smooth, glabrous, under surface floccose or reticulato- tomentose, with permanent dark nigro-fuscous nerves, terminating in appressed flattened confluent pale brown smaller nerves at the margin and bearing scattered tufts of dark rhizine towards the centre ; apothecia fuscous or rufo-fuscous, margin crenulate, back of recep- tacle verrucoso-furfuraceous. On mossy earth, &c., not common. Syn :—Hffm. FL Germ. 2. 107. Nyl. Syn. 324. Grevillea 3. 168. Fie :—E. Bot. 2300. Dill. t. 27. f. 108. Hepp Sporen t. 7. f. 51. Exs :—Mudd 60. Hepp 51. Reich. and Schub. 115. Spruce 57. Arn. 620. ¢, Geog. Distrip :—Europe, Asia, N. America, N. Zealand. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 103 Bor. Prov :—1 ..5, 6, 7...10, 11...18, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18...20, 21...31. ENGLAND :—Berwick-upon-T'weed! D7. G. Johnston. near Worcester! Dr. Holl. Gunnerton Crags, near Barwesford ; Shewing Shields, Northumberland ; Teesdale and Healey Field, Durham. Mr. Winch. Lustleigh Cleve, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. North Bovey ! Manaton; Ilsing- ton; Milborn Down, near Newton Abbott, Messrs. Jones & Kingston. near Easby! Mr. Mudd. Graigforda ! Llanymynech Hill! Grinshill ! Shropshire. SoottanD :—Common. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Rosscarbery, Cork; Ballynagarde, Limerick. Mr.Carroll. Wass :—Barmouth ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Dolgelley! Manorowen! near Fish- guard. Moel-y-gest ! near Tremadoc. Cuannet Istanps :—Guernsey. Rev. ZT’. Salwey. Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .042—62 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (yl. } 5. P. spuria, (Ach.) cinereo-virescent, small, digitato-lobate, lobes ascending, smooth, glabrous in the lower part,-adpresso-tomen- tellose upwards towards the apothecia, under surface whitish with thick coarse spongioso-tomentose nerves and interstitial longitu- dinal whitish lacune ; apothecia fuscous or rufo-fuscous, roundish, margin irregularly crenulate or denticulate, back of receptacle densely irregularly spongtoso-tomentose ; spores 8, aciculari-fusiform, 3-7- septate. On the earth, rare. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 159. (1798.) Nyl. Syn. 325. Mudd Man. 83. Fie :—E. Bot. 1542. Exs :—Hepp 576. Spruce Amaz. 56. Fellm. 70. M. and N. 837. Arn. 321. Gxoc. Distris :—Europe, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...11...15...31. EneianpD :—Sussex and Suffolk. Sir W. J. Hooker. near Berwick-upon-T weed. Dr. G, Johnston. Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Sulwey. near Totness ; Shank- lin Downs, Isle of Wight! Dr Holl. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Exwick, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Wall under Haywood! Raglith! Hopton Hill! Sutton Lane! Loppington ! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Trossachs! Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. WALES :—Ynysfaig, Rev. T. Salwey. CuanneEL Is_anps :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. “Spores .056—75 mm. long, .0035—45 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 6. P. polydactyla, Hffm. glauco-pallescent or pallido-fuscescent, digitato-lobate, lobes ascending, glabrous and shining, smooth or obso- letely impressed, beneath with thick coarse spongtoso-tomentose fusco- nigricant anastomosing more or less flattened nerves, and interstitial longtitudinal whitish lacune ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-rufescent, longitudinal revolute margin irregularly crenulate, back of recep- tacle sub-verrucoso-tomentose ; spores 8, colourless, attenuato-fusi- form, 3-7-septate. On mossy earth, &c., rare. Syn :—Hffm. Fl. Germ. 2. 106. (1795). Nyl. Syn. 326. Mudd Man. 83. Fic :—Hfim. Pl. L. t. 4. f.1. Exs :—Bohl. 56. and 71. Tuck 10. Scher. 30. Mass. 260. M. and N. 633. Anzi It. 8. 94. Mudd 61. Leight 172. ; Geog. DistriB :—Europe, Asia Africa, Polynesia, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1...5...10, 11, 12...14, 15, 16—(19—30), 31. Eneianp :—Kildale Moor ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry and Ludlow Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. near Eglestone, and on banks of the Derwent near Gibside, Durham. Mr. Winch. Alphington ; Stoke Wood, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Ilsington ; Beckey Fall; between Moreton and Exeter, Devon. Messrs, Jones & Kingston, Middle! Shropshire. . ScorLanD :—Wall at Craighouse near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island; Arran. Prof. Balfour. near Aberdeen ; Brae- mar; Blair Athole ; Killin; Lorne. Rev. J. M. Crombie, 104 THE LICHEN-FLORA IRELAND :—Not unfrequent. Mr. Carroll. Glendalough, Mr. Larbalestier. CuanneL Isuanps :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. hymenina, Ach. glabrous, somewhat shining, under surface nearly without veins, fusco-fibrillose. Amongst mosses on the ground, sparingly. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 238. Exs :—Hepp 851. Groc. DistRrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Glen Lochay, Perthshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Var. collina, Ach. lobes crisped, margins sorediate. On the ground, rare, 1875. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 237. Nyl. Syn. 327. Bor. Prov :—26. TrELAND :—Killery Bay and Kylemore, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. 7. P. scutata, (Dicks.) virescenti-cinereous, spreading, oblongo- lobate, upper surface glabrous below, minutely depresso-granulate up- wards, margins undulato-crenate crisped and cesio-sorediate, under side with pale brown spongiosd-tomentose flattened anastomosing nerves and interstitial white lacunz ; apothecia fuscous or fusco- rufescent, adnate, suborbicular, margin trregularly crenulate, back of receptacle spongioso-tomentose ; spores 6-8, colourless, acicular or elongato-fusiform, 3-septate. On mossy earth and trees, rare. Syn —Dicks. Crypt. fasc. 3. 18. (excl. syn.) (1793.) Nyl. Syn. 327. Mudd Man. 83. Fic :—E. Bot. 1834. Exs .—Anzi Langob. 25. Spruce Amaz. 416, M. and N. 541. Rabh. 914. Grog. Distris :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7.. 11, 12...15. ENGLAND :—Westmoreland. Sir J. EH. Smith. Pentregaer near Oswestry, Shropshire ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Kielder and Dead Water Fell, Northumberland. Prof. Balfour. South Brent, Devon! Ivy Bridge, 8. Devon! Dr. Holl, Lust- leigh Cleve, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. near Symonds Yatt. Mr. W. Joshua. ScoTLAND :—Scotland. Mr. Dickson. Inverary. Messrs. D. Turner & Hooker. oe a ¥ ge orange ee near the Rae Hills. Sir . Jardine 7. Greville. Rumbling Bridge. Prof. Balfour, Killi - shire! Dr. Holl. Trossachs. Rev. J. M. i Cecrnite. p “as aaa Reig eee Say sera ae i ze Smith. Corsygedol and Llyn yn. Rev. T. Salwey. Nannau, near Dolgelley! Dr. Holl. Glanartro ! n- bedr. Gwydir woods! Bettws-y-coed. aca a B. Apothecia horizontal. 8. P. horizontalis, (L.) pale or pallido-fuscescent or glauco- pallescent, rotundato-lobate, glabrous, smooth or slightly impressed, shining, margins sinuato-crenate and slightly undulate; under surface with pale brown and fuscous black coarse flattened anato- mosing or confluent nerves and interstitial white lacune ; apo- thecia fuscous or fuscous-black, rotundate or elliptical, plane, hort- zontal ; margins irregularly crenulate, often inflexed, back of recep- tacle verrucoso-tomentose ; spores 6-8, colourless, or pale fuscescent, fusiform, 3-septate. On mossy rocks, trees, and walls, not common. Syn :—Linn. Mant. 132. (1771.) Nyl. Syn. 327. Mudd Man. 84. Fig :—E. Bot, 888, Tul, Mem. t, 8. f, 4—14. Nyl. Syn. ¢. 8 £, 39. t. 97. f. 852, yi. Syn. epp Sporen OF GREAT BRITAIN. 105 Exs :—Bohl. 37. Scher. 27. Breutel 118. Nyl. 110. Tuck. 11. 12. M. and N. 345. Mudd 62. Maud. 27. Mass. 214. Leight. 108, AnziIt. S. 93. Hepp 852. Geog. Distrip :—Europe, N. America. Bor, Prov :—1 . 2.,.5, 6, 7, 8...10, 11, 12...14, 15, 16...19, 20 26...30. Enetanp :—Bardon Hill, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Keswick, Cumber- land. Mrs. Stanger. Yorkshire! Mr. G. Diwon. Stogdale! and Oggeray Gill! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Craigforda, Oswestry, Shropshire; Wickcliff Rocks, Ludlow. Rev. T. Salwey. Gunnerton Crags; Cheviots above Langley Ford, Northumberland ; Hagerag Wood in Teesdale Forest and Healey Field, Durham. Mr. Winch. St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Dunsford Hill, near Exeter ; Tsington, &c., Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Bucknell churchyard wall! Lilleshall Abbey ! Shropshire, ScoTtanD :—Loch Tay, Perthshire! and Aberfeldy road. Dr. Lindsay. Ber- wickshire! Dr. G. Johnston. Forfarshire. Mr. Gardiner. Arran. Prof. Balfour. Breadalbane, Appin and Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Lota Wood, Cork. Mr. J. Carroll. near Killarney. Dr. Taylor. Derry and Antrim. Dr. Moore. Glandalough! Doughruagh! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. . ‘Wa es :—Aber. Rev. A. Davies. valley above Halfway House, between Bar- mouth and Dolgelley. Rev. TZ. Salwey. Gwydir woods! Bettws-y-coed. River Gwaine! Manorowen! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Bontnewydd! near Dolgelley. ee Spores .005 to .006 in. long, by .001 to .00125 in. broad.” (AZudd.) ‘‘Spores .030—42 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (My/.) Var. muscorum, Scher. smaller in every part. Amongst mosses on walls, very rare. Syn :—Scher. Spic. 264. Enum. 21. Groc. DistRiB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15...26. : Scotianp :—Glen Lochay. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND : -Kylemore, and near Delphi, Connemara. Mr, Larbalestier. 9. P. venosa, (L.) pale or pallido-cinereous or glauco-cinera- scent, small, simple, sub-ascending or sub-erect, flabelliformi-lobate, smooth and glabrous, albo-tomentose beneath, with strong black or fuscous-black nerves ramifying from the base ; apothecia fuscous- black, rotundate, plane, horizontal, disk rough and granular, margin striato-crenulate ; back of receptacle nigro-tomentose ; spores 6-8, colourless or pale fuscescent, fusiform, 3-septate. On the earth, rare. Syn —Linn. Fl. Suec. 1097. (1755.) Nyl. Syn. 328. Mudd Man, 84, rie 3, Bat, 887. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 6.f. 2. Hepp Sporen t. f, 172. . Exs :- Hepp 172. Scher. 27. M. and N. 153. Mass. 17. Anzi It. 8. 95. Reich. and Schub. 40. Rabh. 814. : ; Geroc. Distrip :—N. europe. Asia, N. America, . Prov.:—) . 18, 14, 15...30. ; Padi :—Whitecliff Rocks, near Ludlow, Shropshire ! ScotLaAND :—¥Foot of Ben Lawers! and Birks of Aberfeldy. Mr. Hugh Mac- millan. near Killin, Perthshire! Dr. Gilchrist. Ben Lawers! Mr. J. Carroll, Pass of Killiecrankie, Perthshire. Rev. J. Dalton. Glen Kill T.inn and Burn, Dumfriesshire. Dr. Burgess. Blair in Athole. Messrs. Borrer & Hooker. Habbies How in the Pentland Hills. V7. Greville. Reeky Linn; Foot of the White Hill above Auchterhouse, Hostertire. Mr. W. Gardiner. West Water, near Old f Edgell. Mr. H. Croall. : Cas Ruookagle Hills, co. Antrim. Mr, D. Moore. cf “ Spores .005 to .007 in. long, by .001 to -00125 in. broad. t. 1. £. 23.” (Afudd.) “Spores .030—45 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Sup-Trize III. SOLORINEI. Thallus membranaceous, opake, stratum gonidiale consisting of granula gonima, not gonidia. Apothecia innate, scattered on the upper surface of thallus. Spores fuscous, bilocular. 106 THE LICHEN-FLORA TI. SOLORINA. Ach. Thallus fragile, cortical layer not continued over the under surface, which is obsoletely nervose. Apothecia rotundate or oblong, spadiceo-rufescent or fuscous-black, innate, scattered on upper surface of thallus. Spores fuscous, 1-septate. Stratum goni- diale of granula gonima not gonidia, bright green. 1. 8S. crocea, (L.) coriaceous, cinnamomeo-or rufescenti-cinera- scent, (dark-green when moist) orbicular, laciniato-lobate, lobes ro- tundo-obovate, margin undulate, appresso-furfuraceous below, smooth upwards, under surface deep orange-coloured, appresso-tomentose, sub- palmato-nervose ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-rufescent, roundish, adnate, plane, subtumid, immarginate ; spores 8, pallido-rufescent, Susiformeellipscid, 1-septate. On the ground in alpine localities, rare. Syy :—Linn. Fl. Suec. 1101. (1755.) Nyl. Syn. 329. Mudd Man. 85. Fic :—E. Bot. 498. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 41. f. 2-4, and t. 42. f. 4. 5. Nyl. Syn. ¢. 8. f. 40. Hepp Sporen t. 66. f. 577. : Exs :—Hepp 577. Th. Fr. 5. Scher. 24, Rabh. 767. Anzi It. S. 86. Fellm, 72. Geoc. DistRip :—Europe, Asia. Bor. Prov :—14, 15...19, ScorLanp :—Forfarshire. Mr. Don. Edinburgh. Mr. Mackay. top of Ben Lawers! Dr. Burchell and Dr. Lindsay. on all the Breadalbane Mountains at 3000 ft. as Ben More, Ben Challum, Craig Challeach, back of Craig na Gour, Mael Ghyrdy, &c. Mr. A. McKinlay. summits of the Highland Mountains, Ben Lomond, &c. Sir W. J. Hooker. summits of Bassies, White Bent, &c., Clova. Mr. W. Gardiner, Peak of Mamsoul, Invernessshire. Dr. B. White. Ben Lomond; Morrone. Rer. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—On Brandon, Kerry. Dr. Moore. “Spores .007 to .008 in. long, by .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .034— 53 mm. long, .010—13 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 2. SS. saccata, (L.) membranaceopapyraceous, pallido-fuscescent (bright green when moist), orbicular, rotundo-lobate, margins broadly and shallowly crenate, smooth below, albo-granulato-pruinose up- wards ; under surface paler, appresso-spongioso-tomentose, rhizinose ; apothecia fuscous or nigro-fuscous, wreeolato-appressed ; spores 4, rufo-fuscescent, ellipsoid. 1-septate. On the ground in moist shady alpine localities, not common. Syy :—Linn. Fl. Suec. 1102. (1755 ) Nyl, Syn. 330. Mudd Man. 85. Fic :—E. Bot. 288. Scher. En. t. 2. f..5. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9. t. 2. £ 8 Hepp Sporen t. 19. f. 171. x8 :—Nyl. 29. Hepp 171. Scher. 25. Mudd 63. M. and N. 61. Mass. 126, Anzi It. 8. 85. Bohl. 4. Dicks. 25. Rabh. 855. Grog. Distrre :—Europe, N America. Bor. Prov :—3, 4, 5...7, 8...10, 11, 12...15, 16...19...27...30. ENGLAND :—N. W. Yorkshire ; near Matlock, Derbyshire; Sir J. E. Smith. Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Relhan. Falcon Clints and White Force, Teesdale, Durham! Kildale, Cleveland! Mr. Mudd. Studley Park, Yorkshire. Mr. W. Brunton. St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol! Miss M. Atwood. Ingleborough. Mr. J. G. Baker. Weardale! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Cheddar and St. Vincent’s Rocks. Messrs. Turner and Sowerby, Middleton-in-Teesdale, Durham. Mr. Winch. near Buxton. Dr. Holl, Via Gellie, Verbyshire. Apes Tor, Staffordshire, Rev. A. Bloxam. Headington, Oxford. Mr. Baxter. Foreshield Wood, Alston, Cumber- land. Rev. W. Johnson. White-cliff Rocks! near Ludlow, Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Ben Lawers. Mr. H. Macmillan. Highlands of Scotland. Sir W. J. Hooker. Inchnadamff! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Glen Dole, Canlochan ; Glen Prosen; Reeky Linn, Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. near Killin. Dr. Holl, Morrone ; Craig Tulloch ; Finlarig, Killin! Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 107 Watrs :— Anglesea, Rev. H. Davies. Glyn, near Capel Curig ! IeLayp :—On Brandon Hill, Kerry ; Ben Bulben, Sligo. Mr. J. 7. Mackay. Cushendall, Antrim. Dr. Moore. ‘*Spores ,008 in. long, by .0035 in. broad. t. 1. f. 24,” (Mudd.) ‘* Spores -032—60 mm. long, .018—27 mm. broad.” (MNyl.) Spores .05 miu. long, .02 mm. broad. 3. 8. limbata, (Sommf.) subcoriaceous, fuscescent, dark-green and gelatinous when moist, granulato-plicato-squamulose, albo- pruinose ; apothecia fuscous or nigro-fuscous, large, urceolate, bordered by a plane expanded crenate albo-furfuraceous granulate margm ; spores 4, rufo-fuscescent, broadly and obtusely oblong, 1-septate. On the earth among wet mossy rocks, rare. Syn :—Sommf. Fl, Lapp. 105. (1826.) Nyl. Syn. 331. Mudd Man. 85. Fic :—E. Bot. 1374. Sommf. Fl. Lapp. t. 3. f. 1...9. Journ. Lian. Soc. Bot, 9. t. 2. £. 9. & 10. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 46. Smrft. 149. Grog. DistriB ;—Scandinavia, Europe, N. America, Bor. Prov :—4...10, 11...15...80. Encianp :—Durham. Rev, J. Harriman. Ayton, Cleveland! Mr. J. @. Baker. Cambridge! Mr. G. Bentham. Ingleborough, Dr. Carrington. Guisbro’ Moor, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. ScortanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. TRELAND :—Head of Glenarriff, co. Antrim. Dr. Holl. “Spores .008 to .009 in. long, by .003 to .0035in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .030—50 mm. long, ,018—23 mm. broad.” (Myl.) Spores .032—,033 mm. long, .014—.015 mm. broad. 4, WS. bispora, Nyl. albo-pruinose, slightly developed, lobes small ; almost entirely occupied by the crowded, moderate, deeply wrceo- late apothecia, or changed into isidiose or granulose thalline limbs ; spores 2, rufo-fuscous, oblong, 1-septate ; stratum gonimon bright green. On earth in alpine localities, rare. 1871. Syw :—Nyl. Syn. 3381 (1860.) Stirton in Grevillea, 2. 60. Fie :—Nyl. 1. c. 6. 8 f. 42. Exs :—Arn. 486. Groce. Distris :—Pyrenees, Tyrol, North Italy. Bot. Prov :—15. Scotianp :—Ben Lawers. Dr Stirton. Possibly S. limbata and 8. bispora may be states of S. saccata. ‘Spores -065—88 mm. long, .033—42 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) Trine XII. PARMELIEI. Thallus frondoso-dilatate or lobate or lobato-laciniate or stellato laciniate, sometimes somewhat terete, and fruticuloso-imbricate. Apothecia lecanorine or in a cupuliform receptacle. Sterigmata pluri-articulate or with arthrosterigmata. Sup-trise I. STICTEI. Thallus membranaceo-lobate, the under surface rhizinose, and with pulverulent pseudo-cyphelle or true urceolate cyphelle. Apothecia with distinct paraphyses. Spores fusiform, 1—3 rarely pluri-septate. : : 108 THE LICHEN-FLORA I. STICTINA. Wy. Thallus variously lobed or laciniato-lobate. Rhizinee simple. Stratum gonidiale consisting of granula gonima of a dark blue- green colour. A. Pseudo-cyphelle white. 1. S. intricata, (Del.) the typical species figured in Delise’s Sticte, t. 7. f. 33. has not been observed in Great Britain. Var. Thouarsit, (Del.) coriaceous, pallido-fuscescent, sinwato- lobate, lobes short and broad, with ccesious-white soredia scattered over the surface, aud especially on the margins, under surface tomen- tose nigro-fuscescent, paler brown towards circumference ; apo- thecia not found. On trees and rocks, rare. Syn :—Del. St. p. 90. (1822), Nyl. Syn. 335. Mudd Man. 90. Fic :—Del. St. t. 8. f. 29. Exs :—Crombie 33. Geroc. Distris :—Africa, Central America, Java. Bor. Prov :—1...7...15...12...21...26...30. EncuanD :—Near Hay Tor, Dartmoor. Dr. Holl. ScorLanD :—Inverary. Adm. Jones. Ben Lawers! Barcaldine, Lorne, Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Brandon Mountains; Glenarm. Dr, Moore. Cromaglown. Mr. Carroll. Fenagh, co. Carlow, Adm. Jones. Mountains of Maam, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. : N. Wates :— Arthog, near Dolgelley. Rev. T. Salwey. B. Pseudo-cyphelle yellow. 2. SS. crocata, (L.) lurido-fuscescent, shining, broadly rotundo- lobate, crenate, reticulato-lacunose, reticulations and margins bearing citrine soredia, under side fusco-nigricant, tomentose ; apothecia scattered, blackish, margins crenate, at length excluded; spores 6—8, fuscescent, oblongo-fusiform, 1-septate. On trees, mosses, &c. very rare. Syn :—Linn. Mant. 310. (1771). Nyl. Syn. 338, Mudd Man. 89. Fie .—E. Bot. 2110, Exs :—Tuck. 65. Geoc. DistRIB :—Spain, W. and Central Africa, America, Java, N. Holland, N. Zealand. Bor. Prov :—1...14, 15...19...30. ENGLAND :—Dartmoor. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ScorLanD :—Highland Mountains. Mr. Dickson. Glen Morriston, Inverness- shire, Messrs. Turner, Hooker, & Greville. Inverary! Messrs. Borrer d: Hooker. Ben Lawers! Birks of Aberfeldy. Mr. Macmillan. rocks east of Dalmahoy Hill, near Edinburgh. Dr. Muingay. Glen Falloch. Dr. Holl, Glencroe! Lr. Macmillan. IRELAND :—Fairbread co. Antrim. Mr. Templeton. Pigeon Island im the River Kenmare. Dr. Taylor. near Cushendall, co, Antrim. Dr. Moore. ‘ Retteerland, Italy, Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—7... ae —! ichiands, frequently. Dr. Holl. ‘ALES :—Dolge ey. Dr. Holl. Var. recurva, Leight. like the type, but apices of lacinize recurved and albo-sorediate. On trees and rocks, common, Fic :—E, Bot. 126, upper fig. 1 Exs :—Nyl. 113. Mudd 70. Reich, and Schub, 65, Grog. DistRrB:—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...12...15. EN@Lanp :—Hay Park, Herefordshire (fruit)! Rev. 7, Salwey. High Cliff ! and Lounsdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Keswick, Cumberland (fruit) Mrs. er Nesscliffe Hill! Wrekin Hill! Long Mynd! Stiperstones! Shrop- 8 Scorzanp :—Loch-na-Gat stream, Ben Lawers (fruit)! Mr. A. McKinlay. NortH Wates :—Barmouth ! Var. labrosa, Ach. apices of lacinis sub-cylindrical, turgescent, tuberculoso-albo-sorediate. On trees, &c., common. Syn :—Ach. L, U. 492. (1810). Nyl. Byrn ae Mudd Maa. 97, Eis —Hfim. Enum. t. 15. f. 2, E. Bot. 126. fig. 5, Exs :—Arn. 297. Mass. 278. Bohl. 13. Leight 48. (right hand spec). Hepp 856. Rabh. 793. Goa, Distrre :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—5...7...(13—18). ENncLanD :—Malvern Hills, Worcestershire. Six J. EB. Smith, Pentre-noon, ane Dr, Holl. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Wrekin Hill, Shrop- shire! Scornanp :—frequent, Rev, J. M. Crom Wats :—Gwydir Woods! oe ek (fruit). Var. platyphylla, Ach. orbicular, lacinie smooth, glabrous, broader, turgid and undulate, and spermogoniferous towards the centre, appressed, rounded and crenate at the circumference. On rocks, not common. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 251. (1803) Syn. 219. Nyl. Syn. 400, Exs :—Scher. 366. M. & N. 159, Grog. Distrip :—Europe Bor. Prov :—5.. 7...10, AL. 15...20. ENGLAND :—Snailesworth! Mr. J. @. Baker. Yorkshire! Mr, G, Dickson, Waskerley Bourn and Wolsingham Park, Durham. Mr, Winch. ScorLanD :—Blaeberry Hill, Perth ! Dr. Lindsay. Treranp :—Near Cork! M7, J. Carroll. NortH WaALEgs : —Pentregaer near Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Llyn Geirionydd ! Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! Var. encausta, (Sm.) albido-cinerascent, nearly fuscescent, nar- rowly laciniate, unequal, lacinie multifid, convex, or terete, imbricato- 118 THE LICHEN-FLORA decumbent or depressed, under surface nigricant, opake ; apothecia badio-rufous, margin crenulate ; medulla white K—C—. On alpine rocks, rare. 1791. Syn :—Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 1. p. 83. (1791). Ach. Syn. 206. Nyl. Syn. ah Fre :—Trans, Linn. Soc. 1. t. 4. £. 6. Hffm. PLL. t, 32. £, 2, Hepp Sporen t. 7. £. 52, Exs :—Scher. 368. Fr. 338, Anzi It.S. 106. Zw. 183, Hepp 52. M. and N. 353. Gzoc. DisTRIB :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Cairntoul; Ben Lawers; Ben More; Morrone. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .007—.010 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) “Spores .007— .010 mm. long, .005—7 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. obscurata, Ach. fusco-nigricant but fusco-olivaceous at the cir- cumference, shining, rugoso-plicate, lacinice broad, subinflated, nigro- fuscous at the margins. On old pales in maritime districts. 1875. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 218. Exs :—Hepp 585, Anzi Langob. 257 B. Geoc. Distris :—Arctic America, Switzerland, Italy. Bor. Prov :—3...17. EncuLanD :—Lydd, Kent. Rev. J. M, Crombie. (1875). ScorLanD :—Near Nigg, Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 5. P. alpicola, Th. Fr. nigro-olivaceous, crustaceo-cartilaginous, orbicular or expanded, sub-opake, lacinie convex, rugoso-plicate, imbricate and complicate, narrow, toruloso-intricate, apices in- curved, under surface very black, sparsely fibrillose ; medulla white K—C— ; apothecia nigricant, concave, margin entire; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or sub-globose, simple. On alpine rocks. Syn :-- Parmelia alpicola, Th, Fr. Lich. aa 57. (1860), Lich. Scand. 125, Parmelia encausta, var, stygioides, Linds, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edin. 22. p. 224. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 2049, Geroc. DISTRIB :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Ben Nevis. Dr. Stuart. Cairngorm, Braemar. Dr. Lindsay. (1856). Morrone, Ben-na-boord; Ben More; Breadalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie. «Spores .007—12 mm. long, "005—9 mm. broad,” (T. M. Fr.) 6. P. ambigua, (Wulf.) stramineous, stellato-orbicular, appressed, lacini@ narrow, applanate, multifid, flavo-sorediate, under surface fuscous-black ; apothecia rufo-badious or badio-fuscescent, margin sub-entire ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ovoideo-oblong, curved, simple ; thallus K—C-+, medulla white K—C—. On fir trees, posts, &c. 1808, Syv :—Wulf, in Jacq. Coll. 4. 239. (1790) Ach. Syn. 208. NyL Lich. Scand. 105. Mudd Man. 103. Fic :—E. B. Suppl. 2796. fhe yellow figures) Hffm. Pl. L. t. 40. f.2. 3, 4. t. 42. f. 2. 3. Hepp Sporen t. 98. f. 858. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 52. Fellm. 84, Hepp 858. Scher, 375. M. and N. 449. Mudd 75. Leight. $1 373. Stenh. 124, . Geog. DistTrip :—Europe, N. America, Bor. Prov :—5...7, 8, 9, 10...15. ENGLAND :—Gopsall "Par hes Leicestershire ! Rev. A. Blocam. Pentregaer near Oswestry ! Hay Park near Ludlow. Rev. T Salwey. Ingleby Greenhow! Hog- garts Wood, Cleveland. Mfr Mudd. Clougha, Lancashire. Mr. R. Jacob. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 119 ScotLanp :—Larig Crue under Cairngorm. Mr. Borrer. (1808). Marr Forest. Mr, G. Don. Northern Forest of the Highlands; Kinnordy, Forfarshire. Sir ee eee Cairngorm. Messrs. Borrer and Hooker. Glen Derry, Rev. J. M. ‘omore. ig Lee :—Cwmbychan near Barmouth, and Powis Castle Park. Rev. 7. ‘alwey. “Spores .006 —11 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 7. P. cetrartoides, Del. glauco-albescent, subcoriaceous, orbicular, lobes rotundate, maryin rotundo-crenate, elevated, crisped ; medulla K—C— ; apothecia badio-rufous, margin entire ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple. On trees and stones, frequent. 1869. Syn :—P. perlata var, cetrarioides, Delise in Duby Bot. Gall. 601. (1829). Ny in Flora 1869. p. 290. Crombie En. 34. x8 :—Arn,. 582. Hepp. 578, Geog. Distris :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—2...5...7...18...15...31. eu eEND :—New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Cotteswold Hills. Mr. W. oshua. Scor.anp :—Loch Lomond! Dr. Stirton. New Galloway! Mr. W. Andrew, Wates :—Dolgelley ! Barmouth ! Dr. Holl. (1869). Capel Curig ! Drwsynant ! CuanneL Isnanps :—Near Rozel, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. 8. P. hyperopta, (Ach. ) albido-cinerous, membranaceous, closely adherent, laciniato-lobate, central lubes somewhat convex, rugoso- plicate ; soredia roundish, elevated, albo-pulverulent ; lobes of the circumference linear, plane, naked; medulla K—C— ; apothecia scattered, brown and shining, margin crenulate ; spores 8, colour- less, linear-oblong, simple, curved, lunulate or falcate, minute, On pine trees, rare. 1808. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 208. Korb. Syst. L, Germ. 73. Fie :—Nyl. Scand. t. 1. f. 1. E. B. Suppl. 2796. (white figures). Exs -—Anzi Langob. 51. Fellm. 85. Grog. DistR1B :—Sweden, Austria, Italy, France, Hast Lapland. Bor. Prov :—15 Scor.anD :—Forest of Rothiemurchus. Mr. Borrer. (1808). Glen Dee, Brae- mar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Well distinguished from P. aleurites, with which it has been heretofore con- founded, by the round separated soredia, and the curved spores, and different reaction, the entire central portion of the thallus in P. aleurites being sorediate. ‘* Spores .011—12 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (yl.) 9. P.reddenda, Stirt., precisely similar externally both in colour and albo-soredioid points to P. Borrert, Turn. but the medulla K—C— ; under surface black, spadiceous at the circumference, rugulose ; rhizinz black, nigricant, or even sometimes pallid. On rocks and trees, probably not uncommon but overlooked, sterile. 1871. Syn: -Stirton in Scottish Naturalist, July, 1878. p. 298. Bor. Prov :—7...13. ScorLanD :—Near New Galloway! Mr. J. M. Andrew. Wates :— Glyn, near Capel Curig! (1871). B. medulla of thallus K yellow C—. 10. P. perlata, (L.) albo-glaucescent or whitish, dilated, lobate, lobes rotundate, subimbricate, often albo-sorediate on the margins, under surface fuscous-black or black, and pale towards margins ; K+C+, medulla K yellow C—; apothecia badio-rufous, margin entire ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, 120 THE LICHEN-FLORA On trees (rare in fruit.) 1741. Syn :—Linn. Syst. Nat, ed. 12. p. 712. (1767). Ach. Syn. 197. Nyl. Syn. 379. Mudd Man, 92. Fic :—E. Bot. 341. : Exs :—Hepp 579. 580. Zw. 185. Fr. 335. M. and N. 253, Leight. 76. 392. Anzi Langob, 48. Rabh, 912. Geoc. Distare :—Througheut the World. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7...10...13...15...19, 20...26...31. ENGLAND :—Penzance, Cornwall; Stoke Wood, Devonshire; Mr. Parfitt. near Lewes, Sussex. Mr. W. Unwin. near Ilfracombe. Miss M. Atwood. Helks Wood, Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. Bousdale Gill, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. between Camelford and Bodmin ; near Lfracombe. Messrs. Turner & Sowerby. Kelvedon; Inworth; Easthorpe, Essex, Mr. Varenne. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Oxford. Dillenius. (1741). Cam- bridge. Rev. R Relhan, Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. Haugh- mond Hill! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Kinnoul Hill, Perth; Caerlaveroch Road, Dumfries; Quiraing, Skye. Dr. Lindsay. S.W. of Scotland. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Fermoy! Mr. T. Chandler. near Cork! and near Knockmore. near Carregaline, Cork. Afr. Carroll. near Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. near Lough Corrib, Galway. Dr. Moore. Killery Bay! Letterfrack ! co. Galway. Mr, Lar- balestier. WaLeEs :—Hafod, Cardiganshire. Sir. J. E. Smith. Barmouth (in fruit). Rev. T. Salwey. Glyn near Capel Curig! Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed. Trefriw ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. “* Spores .0025 to .003 in. long, by .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .011—17 mm. long .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Var. ciliata, DC. thallus nearly naked beneath, and nigro-ciliate at the margins, (medulla K yellow C—.) ° On trees and rocks. 1812. Syn :—DC, Fl. Fr. 2. p. 403. (1805.) Nyl. Syn. 380. Fie :—E. Bot, 2423 Exs :—Welw. Lusit, 75. 77. 81. Zw. 56. Anzi It. S. 100. 101. Arn. 136, Larb. 17. Bot, Prov :—1, 2...7 ..16...19...26...31, ae :—Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Bolt Head and Dartmoor, S. Devon. Dr. oll. ScortanpD :—Crinan Canal, Argyleshire ! Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Castlebernard Park. Bandon! Mr. Carroll. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor, Ballinahinch ! near Kylemore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. a wae :—Barmouth ! Rev. T. Salwey. Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Glyn, near Capel urig ! CuanneEL Isianps :—E, coast of Jersey! and Guernsey. Afr. Larbalestier. Forma dissectula, Nyl. margins of thallus minutely multifido- dissected Killery. Bay. Mr. Larbalestier. 1876. 11. P. pertusa, (Schrank.) whitish, orbicular, plano-appressed, glab- rous, lacinize narrow, multifid, sinuate, convex, somewhat shining, minutely perforated, apices dilated, crenato incised, sometimes sorediate, under surface black and rugose ; apothecia rufo-fusces- cént, margin entire, inflexed; spores colourless, 2—4, broadly elliptical, simple, large. (medulla white K yellow C—.) On rocks and trees, rare in fruit. 1800. eon cae Bayer Fl, 2, No, 1513. (1789.) Ach. Syn. 219, Nyl. Syn. 402. Fic :—E. Bot. 1248. Hepp Sporen t. 97. £. 857. Exs :—Zw. 252. Leight. 264. Hepp 857. Anzi 105, Tuck. 16. Scher. 365. Nyl. 82. M. & N. 65. Larbal. 66. Groc. DistrrB :—Eurepe, Asia, America, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1...7...16...19...26...30, 31. Encianp :—Lynton, Devon. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Bovey village, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 121 _ SOOTLAND :-—Ballacheulish in Appin (in fruit) Messrs. Turner and Hooker. Glencroe! Dr. Macmillan. IrevanD :—Dunkerron Mountains, Dr, Taylor. Pass of Keirn-na-Kigh, co. Cork; Glenmore Lake, Kerry ; Eagle’s Nest, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Cushen- dun, co. Antrim. Dr. Moore, near Letterfrack ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es :—Beddgelert, Mr. D. Turner. (1800). Cwmbychan ; rocks above Hen- dremynach ; and on alder trees at Nannau. Rev. 7’, Salwey. Garth near Dolgelley. Dr, Holl. Barmouth! CuannzeL IsLanps :—Bonne Nuit, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0045—60 mm, long, .022—28. broad.” (WVyl.) (7. M. Fr.) C. medulla of thallus white, tinged red by C alone. 12. P. olivetorum, (Ach.) externally similar to the sorediate states of P. perlata, but distinguished by chemical reaction of the white medulla, which is tinged red by C alone, On rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 217. ee) Syn. 198. Nyl. Lapp. Or. 180, Fic :—Dill, t. 20. f. 39. B. Hepp Sporen t. 66, £, 578. Exs :—Tuck. 15. AnziIt. S. 99. Fries. 335. Hepp 578, Zw. 185. Geog. Distrip :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—2. EncLanp :—Danny, Sussex, in herb. Hooker, determined by Dr. Nylander. ‘* Spores .014—18 mm, long, .007—.012 mm. long.” (Wyl.) 13, P. taliacea, (Ach.) glaucescent, swb-orbicular, laciniato-lobate, lacinie rotundate, smooth, margins sinwato-crenate ; apothecia badio- rufescent, chiefly in the centre of the thallus, receptacle smooth, margin nearly entire ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; medulla white C red. : On trees &c. 1791. Syn :—Ach. Meth, 215. Nyl. Syn 382. Mudd Man. 93, Fic :—E. Bot. 700. Hepp Sporen t. 97. f. 855. Exs :—Mass. 326. 327. Anzi It. S. 102. Langob. 26. Larb. 18. Rabh. 929, Grog. Distrip :— Europe, Asia, Africa, N. America, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7...31. EneLanp :—Dunster, Somersetshire. Messrs. Turner and Sowerby. Lynton, N. Devon! Mr. Mudd. near Torquay! Dr. Deakin. New Forest ! St. Leonard’s Forest ! Mr. Borrer. near Cornworthy, 8. Devon; Dartmoor! Dr. Holl, Bud- leigh Salterton! Mr Carter. Holne Chase. Buckland Woods; Spitchwick, Devon. Messrs Jones aud Kingston. Foss Bridge near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Wares :—Anglesea and Carnarvonshire. Rev Hugh Davies. Abergwynant, near Dolgelley ! Dr. Holl. Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—L’Etacq, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. ff Spore .002 to ,0025 in long, by .00lin. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .007— .011 mm. long, .005—7 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .007—11 mm, long, .005 —7 mm. broad.” (7. M Fr.) Var. rugosula, Leight. orbicular, centre of thallus and base of rotundate lacinie singularly transversely wrinkled ; medulla white C red. On trees. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 97. f. 855. Exs :—Scher. 358. Zw. 53. Hepp 855. ' Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...19. EnceianpD :—Near Esher Bridge! Mr, Borrer, Chart Park, Dorking! Mr. Jenner. TRELAND :—Banks of Blackwater river, co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor, 122 THE LICHEN-FLORA Var. scortea, (Ach.) orbicular, sinuato-lobate, lobes short, rotund, undulate, margin inciso-crenate, centre of the thallus isidiiferous and pulverulent ; medulla white C red. - On trees, palings, &c. 1809. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 119. Nyl. Syn. 383. Mudd Man, 93. Fig :—E. Bot. 2065, Exs .—Anzi It. S. 103. Hepp 855. b. and 581. M. & N. 445. Mass. 328, Leight. 87. Scher. 359. z Groe. Distris :—Europe, 8, America, Ceylon. Africa, Mauritius. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6, 7...11...13...19...20...26...31. EneLaNnD :—Henfield! Sussex; Portnalls and on Farthing Down! Stone- henge! Livermere! Rev. G. R. Leathes. (1809). Little Stretton, Shropshire ! Rev, T, Salwey. Staveley, Kendal! Mr. J. A. Martindale. Twycross, Leicester- shire! Harbro’? Magna! Warwickshire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Bolt Head, S. Devon! Dr. Holl. Foggerforth near Eglestone, Durham! Rev. J. Harriman. Haldon, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Church Stretton ! co. Salop. ScotLaND :—Caerlaverack, Dumfries! Dr. Lindsay. TRELAND :—Ballymartle, co. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Askew Wood, co. Kerry! Dr. Taylor. Tully! Galway, Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Holyland! and Barmouth, Rev. T. Salwey. near Dolgelley. Dr. Aoll. Pen-y-rhu! near Fishguard. Forden ! Montgomeryshire. CHANNEL IsLanps :—L’Etacq, Jersey! Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. sublevigata, Nyl. pinnatifido-divaricate, lacinize appressed, linear, narrow, distinct, sinuato-cncised, apices truncatofurcate, very atro-rhizinose beneath ; medulla white C red. : On trees, &c. Syy :—Nyl. Syn. 383. (1860). Exs :—Spruce Amaz. 156. Groc. DistRiB :—Europe, Central America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...19. ENGLAND :—Bournemouth! Rev. A. Bloxam. near Exeter! Prof. Dickie. IRELAND :—Dunkerron ! Dr. Taylor. Var. concentrica, Leight. sphcerico-conglomerate, growing in in- volved concentric layers ; medulla white C red. On exposed downs, rare. Syn :—Leight. Exs. 232. Fie :—Gard. Chron. 1856. p. 84. and 172. Exs :—Leight. 232. Geog. DIsTRIB ee et EneLtanD:—Melbury Hill near Shaftesbury, Dorsetshire! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Dr. Holl in litt. says, ‘from Bolt Head I have a variety which approaches your concentrica but is isidiiferous.” 14. P. Borrert, (Turn.) cinereo-glaucescent, becoming pale brown when dry, appressed, imbricate, rugulose, albo-punctate or albo-sorediate, lobes broad and rotundate, under surface fuscous or pallescent ; apothecia badio-rufous, margin elevated, inflexed ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple ; medulla white C red. On trees and rocks. 1807. Syn :—Turn. in Linn. Trans. 9, 148. (1808.) Ach. Syn. 197. Ny]. Syn. 389. Mudd Man. 94. Fic :—E, Bot. 1780. Linn. Tr. 9. t. 13. £. 2. Mudd Man. t. 2. f. 29, Exs :---Hepp 582. Scher. 361. Leight. 231, Larb. 20. Anzi Langob. 374. Zw. 251. M. and N, 634. Mass. 107. Wagner 13. Geog. Distr1p :—Europe, Africa, Asia, America. Lot. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8...19, 20...22...26...31. ENGLAND :—Sussex. Mr. Borrer. (1807.) Norwich and Coltishall. Mr. D. Turner. Twycross, Leicestershire ! and near Braunston! Rev. A, Bloxam. Pen- OF GREAT BRITAIN. 123 zance! Woodhill and Porkington near Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. Stanstead Park, Essex. Mr. R. Jacob. near Worcester ; near Brighton; Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Tetsworth ! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier, Hastings. Mr. W. Joshua, North Bovey, Dsington, and Tor Abbey, Devon, Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Penzance! Mr. Curnow. Treveneth! Bomere Pool! Meole Brook! Stiper- stones ! Haughmond Hill! Nesscliff Hill! near Shrewsbury ! IRELAND :—Ballymartle, co. Cork! and Glanmire, Cork, Mr. Carroll. near Wicklow. Dr. Maingay. Dunkerron ; Roughty, co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Kyle- more. Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—Pembrokeshire ! Lane between Glanmawddach and Bodowen near Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. Glyn! Capel Curig ! CHaAnnEL Isuanps:—Rozel, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. “Spores .003 to .004 in. long, by .0015 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores -015—19 mm. long, .009—11 mm. broad.” (Myl.) Spores .017—.019 mm. long. -011—.012 mm. broad. 15. P. fuliginosa, (Dub.) badio-umbrine, orbicular, laciniato- lobate, lobes appressed, plane, crenate, fuliginosofurfuraceous or tsi- diose ; apothecia brown, margin thick crenulate ; medulla C red. On rocks frequent, and on trees less frequent. Syy :—Dub. Bot. Gall. 602 (1829). Nyl. Syn. 397. Flora 1868, p. 346, Groce. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—4...5...7...12...15...20...26. EneLanpD :—Burnside Lane near Bhavelay ba Kendal, Westmoreland ! Mr. J. A. Martindale. Norfclk! Mr. D. Turner. W. Hill, Malvern. Mr. W. Joshua. Long Mynd! Stiperstones! Pontesford Hill! Haughmond Hill! Lyth Hill! Shropshire, ScorLanpD :—Birnam Hill, Dunkeld! Dr. Lindsay. Park near Aberdeen ; Kincardineshire Coast, Castleton, Braemar! Mr. Croall. Forfarshire! M7. Drummond. Tretanp :—Near Cork! Mr. Carroll. Dawros River! and near Leonane! co. Galway. Mr Larbalestier. ‘Wates :—Between Corwen and Bala! Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed ; Trefriw ! (corticole in fruit.) Capel Arthog ! Forma olivacea, Leight. olevaceo-virescent, like P. olivacea, (L) but coraloideo-isidiiferous, and with different reaction (medulla white C red), On trees, very frequent, but sterile, rare on rocks. Syn :—P. Borreri, f. olivacea, Leight. L. Fl. 2d. ed. p. 479. Exs :—M. & N. 161 (upper specimen) Anzi It. 8, 114. Rabh. 928. Anzi. 114. Groce. Distris :—Switzerland, France. Bor. Prov :—5, 6. EeuanpD :—Throughout Shropshire ! Wats :—Bettws-y-coed! Glyn! near Capel Curig and throughout Mont- gomeryshire ! Denbighshire! and Carnarvonshire ! Spores .016 mm. long, .011 mm, broad. D. medulla of thallus K yellow then red. 16. P. perforata, Wulf. whitish or glaucous-white, lobate or lobato-sinuate or sinuato-divided, smooth, minutely reticulatorimu- lose, margin often albo-sorediate, under surface fuscous-black or black ; apothecia badio-rufescent or fusco-rufous, often medio-per- forate, margin entire; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple ; medulla white K yellow then red. On rocks and trees. 1836. Syn :—Wulf, in Jacq. Coll. 1. 116, (1786). Ach. Syn, 198, Nyl. Syn. 37. P. reticulata, Tayl! in Mack. Fl. Hib. 148. Fic :—Dill. Muse. t. 20. f. 44. Exs ;—M. & N, 253. Hepp 580. Scher. 360. in pt. Welw, Lusit. 75, 124 THE LICHEN-FLORA Gzoc. DistRis :—Europe, Australasia, Ceylon, Mauritius, Jamaica. Bor. Prov :—1...7...16...19...31. Eneuanp :—Devonshire, Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Trercife Rookery ! near Penzance. M7. Curnow. ‘ Scortanp :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Near Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor, Wates :—Dolgelley ! Mr, J. Ralfs. Cuannex Istanps :—Near Fort Hssex, Alderney ! Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. ‘‘Spores .011—18 mm. long, .007—.011 mm. broad.” (yl.) Spores .016 mm, long, .010 mm, broad. Forma ciliata, Nyl. margins of thallus fimbriate with black clic. On rocks, rare. Syn :—Nyl. Syn, 378. Fie :—Jacq. Coll, 1. t. 3. Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 18, Grog. DistRIB :—New Zealand, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—26...31. TrELAND :—Road to Recess ! near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. CuanneL IsLanps :—Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. 17, P. conspersa, (Ehrh.) pale, ochroleucous, orbicular, laciniato- divided, laciniz appressed, contiguous or imbricate, margins sin- uato-incised or crenate, undulate, under surface fuscous-black or fuscescent, nigro-fibrillose ; apothecia spadiceous or fuscous, mar- gin thin, inflexed ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K f+ C+, medulla K yellow then red. On rocks, &c., not uncommon. 1741. Syw :—Ach. Prodr. 118. (1798.) Nyl. Syn. 391. Mudd Man. 102, Fic :—E. Bot, 2097. Hfim. Pl. L. t. 16. f. 2. Exs :—M. & N. 160. Scher. 379. Bohl. 110. Wright 77. Maudon 11. in part. Stenh. 122 in part. Anzi It. 5. 108, Leight. 78. Larbal. 65, Grog. Distr :—Throughout the World. pet Prov poe ae Th lB 1D 31, NGLAND :— Oswestry opshire! Rev, 7. Salwey. Battersby Bank, Cleve- land! Mr. Mudd. Charnwoo Forest, Udeosieratlee Rev, A. Blowan. near Dunsford, Devonshire. Mr. E. Parfitt. Wensleydale. Mr. J. W. Watson. Tees- dale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Middleton-in-Teesdale, Durham! North Tyne near Warden Mill, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Dartmoor; North we and Lisingion i Gpaord bridge on Drewsteignton road ; Bottor rock ; iddercombe-in-the-Moor, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Ki i ane Church See ! Wrekin ! Corndon ! ciate etude Lag COTLAND :—Bield an offat. Sir J. E£. Smith. Moffat, i ire! Blaeberry Hill, Perth; Garrynahine, Lewis; Dr. Dindsap, my Vanieehites a 5 in oe ees ne eee Mr. Carroll, ALES :—Dolgelley ; nberis. Dillenius. (1741.) Conway M. in ! Francon ! Bettws-y-coed ! between Towyn and Gre Reel en ee CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Jersey and Sark! and other Telande. Mr. Larbalestier, “Spores .00175 in. long, 001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .008—12 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (yl.) ‘Spores .001—12 i .005— broad,” (7. M. Fr.) # eae TOBE ie =9 al, f. stenophylla, (Ach.) lacinize of thallus narrower, much more divided and imbricate. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 206. (1803.) Nyl. Syn. 391. Mudd Man. 102, Exs: —M. and N, 940. Mass, 313. Anzi It. S, 109, Fellm. 79, Leight. 79 Geog. Distris :—Europe. vr Eon Prov tae mae Solel NGLAND :—Craigforda near Oswestry, Shropshire! Rev, 7. fe Rev. A, Bloxam. Dunsford, Devon. Mr, Parfitt. Wrelin's a shire ! ScortanD :—Common, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, Moel-y-Golfa ! OF GREAT BRITAIN. 125 f. ¢sidiata, Anzi. centre of thallus densely istdiose. Syn :—Anzi Cat. p. 28, (1860.) Exs :—Mass. 314. Anzi It. 8. 110. Leight. 79. Wright 77. Grog. Distr1B :—Europe, New Zealand, Cuba. Eo Prov a NGLAND :—Keswick, Cumberland! M1s Stanger. Wrekin, Shropshire ! ScorianpD :—Caerlaverock Wood, Dumfries ! ‘Dr. Lindsay. pes TRELAND :—Dawros River! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Wates :—Barmouth! Llyn Geirionydd ! f£. Mougeoti, Scher. laciniz of the thallus very narrow multifid, somewhat convex, closely adnate, sulphureo-sorediate, dark and sub-difract in the centre, paler and yellower in the radiate circum- ference. Syn :—Scher. En. 46. (1850.) Nyl. Syn. 392. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 1875. Exs :—M. and N. 1234. Scheer. 548. Leight. 143. Mudd 74. Grog. Distr1B :—Europe, America. Le Prov ae BAD eselde el, 20...26. NGLAND :—Ingleby Moor! Battersby Moor! and Hobhole, Cleveland. Af. Mudd. near Thirsk. Mr. J. G. Baker. near Stavely. Mr. Mitaice hee wood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Grassmere, Westmoreland. Rev. ee = mp tud fh COTLAND :—Near erdeen. Prof. Dickie. near Dunkeld. , . ue in Eee Rev. z M, Crombie. Rene dee ere al RELAND :—Kerry. Messrs. Taylor and Moore. near Dunk . Dr, T 3 Puen: Waterford. Adm. Jones. near Lough Inagh, Gonsewiars. ti ag ae ters WaLes :-—Wall between Bodowen and Glan Mawddach in 1. bi " pike road near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Bettws-y-coed ! Fistytead. ! Siecle 18. P. sinuosa, (Sm.) flavescent, divaricato-lobate, lacinie narrow, sinuato-pinnatifid, sinuses circular, apices dilated, cloven, often sorediate, under surface nigro-fibrillose ; apothecia fuscous, margin entire ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, simple; medulla white K yellow then red. On rocks, walls, &c. 1784. Syn :—Sm. E. Bot. 2050. (1809.) Ach. Syn. 207. Nyl. Syn. 384. ¥Fia :—E. Bot. 2050. Geroa. Distr :—Throughout the world. Hor. Prov ae ee NGLAND :—Bournemou evon. Rev. A. Bloxram. Rossthwaite, B ‘ ee, if iotertson aie waite, Borrowdale ScottanD :—Dumfriesshire. Mr. Burgess. (1784). Ballacheulish ; . Turner and Hooker. Badick Castle, Arran! Sir ” a. Hooker, Glen esr ! Mr. Borrer. Glencroe! Dr. Macmillan. IRELAND :—Near Kildorrery. co. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Dunkerron! Dr, Taylor. Killarney ! Sir 7. Gage. Glencar. Mr. J. Taylor. Dawros River! Lough Muck ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wass :—Barmouth! Rev. T. Salwey. Ty G , near Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. CHANNEL IsLanps ;—Common in Jersey and Guernsey, Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .014—17 mm. long. .008—9 mm. broad.” (yi. ) 19. P. acetabulum, (Neck.) glauco-olivaceous or lurido-olivaceous, coriaceo-membranaceous, sub-opake, orbicular, unequal or rugulose, lobate, lobes rounded, flexuose or imbricate, under surface castaneo- fuscous or nigricant ; apothecia badio-rufous, receptacle corrugate, margin rugoso-crenulate and sorediate ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; medulla white K yellow then red. On trees. 1799. 126 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn.—Neck. Delic, Gallobelg. 506. (1768.) Ach. Syn. 199. Nyl. Syn. 395. Mudd Man. 99. Fic :—E. Bot. 1652. Hepp Sporen t. 98 f. 865. Exs:—M. and N. 256. Scher 547. Zw. 55. Hepp 865. Anzi It, 8. 112. Leight. 362. Mass. 25. Geog. DistRIB :— Europe, Africa, N. America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...8...10. Eneuanp :—Saham Wood, Norfolk. Sir J. E. Smith. (1799.) Ickworth Park near Bury. Rev. G. R. Leathes. Skutterskelf, Cleveland! Mr. Mudd. near Bilston, Staffordshire; Beeding Priory, Sussex! Rev. A. Bloxam. Stanstead Park, Essex. Mr. R. Jacob. near Ripon, Yorkshire. Mr. W. Brunton. Bramber Castle, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Felix Hall Park! Kelvedon; Rivenhall ; Lyston, Essex. Mr. Varenne. near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Chilston Park, near Lenham. Broome Park, near Sibertswold, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Harborough Magna, near Rugby! Rev. A. Bloxam. near Fairford. Mr. W. Joshua. “Spores .00275 to .003 in. long, by .001 to .0015 broad.” (Méudd.) ‘Spores .012—16 mm. long, ,008—.010 mm. broad.” (Nyl. & 7. M. Fr.) 20. P. saxatilis, (L.) cinerascent or albido-cinerascent, mem- branaceous, orbiculari-expanded, laciniose, reticulato-rugulose, isid- zoso-scabrous, lacinie sinuato-multifid or sinuato-incised or lobate, apices retuse, black and fibrillose beneath; apothecia spadiceo- badious, or fuscous, margin entire, or crenulate ; spores 8, colour- less, elliptical, simple ; medulla K yellow then red. On rocks, trees, &. common. 1724. on forms of saxatilis are readily distinguished by the reticulato- ose allus. i Syn :—Linn. Fl, Suec. 1075. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 203. Nyl. Syn. 388. Mudd Man. 94. Fic :—E. Bot. 603. Dill. t. 24, f. 83. Hepp Sporen t. 98. f£. 860. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 104 a. Leight. 203. right spec. Fellm. 78. Hepp 860. pt. Scheer. 362. Mudd 66 ~ Grog. Distr :—Europe, Asia, Africa, N. America, Bort. Prov :—1...3, 4. 5, 6, 7...10, 11...13, 14, 15, 16...18, 19...31. EncLuanp:—Ingleby Park, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Berwick-on-Tweed. Dr. G. Johnston. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Dunsford, Devon. Mr. Paryitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Shot- over Hill, Oxford. Mr. Baxter. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford. Dr, Sibthorp. Bedford. Rev. C. Abbot. ScorLaND :—Stennis, Orkney ; Ayrshire! Dr. Lindsay. Braid Hermitage and Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Forfarshire. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island; ran, £70l- Balfour. Glencroe! Dr. Macmillan. Isle of May, Firth of Forth. Mr. S is JreLaNnD :—Killarney. Dr. Carrington. trees and rocks, common. Mr. Carroll. Waes :—Aber. Rev. Hugh Davies. Cwm Cywion ! (fruit) Bwlch mountain near Aberystwith. Miss Atwood. Capel Arthog! (corticole in fruit) Snowdon ! Aran Mowddwy ! : CHANNEL IsLanps :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey, common on all the Islands, Mr. Larbalestver. “Spores .0035 in. long, by .002 to .00225 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .015—19 mm. long, .009—12 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .014—19 mm. long, .009—12 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) f. glomulifera, Cromb. thallus bearing blackish glomerules, simi- lar to those of Ricasolia amplissima. On alpine boulders. 1872. Syn :—Crombie in Journ. Bot. ms. 1. p. 307. ScorLanD :—Morrone, Braemar, Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) Var. sulcata, Tayl. whitish or albido-glaucescent, reticulato-sore- diate, soredia whitish, margined by the ruptured thallus, sulciform, never isidiiferous ; medulla K yellow then red. On trees and walls. 1836. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 127 Syn :—Tayl. in Mack. Fl, Hib. 145. (1836.) Nyl. Syn. 389, Fic :—Mich. Ord. 22. t. 49, C.D. Exs :—Anzi It. S. 104. b. Leight. 203. left hand spec. Groc. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10, 11...15...19—-81. EncLanp :—Ayton Moor, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry and Moor Park near Ludlow! Rev. J. Salwey. near Thirsk! Mr. J. G. Baker. Kemble near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Swinnop East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Walls of the Cemetery! Shrewsbury! Lyth Hill, Shropshire ! ScoTLanD :—Top of Ben Lawers, Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND:—Co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. (1836). CHANNEL Isuanps :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. forma hirsuta, Cromb. densely black, rhizineo-fibrillose beneath. On old firs. Syw :—Crombie in Journ. Bot. May, 1875. Scortanp :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Var. furfuracea, (Scher.) thallus densely isidiose ; medulla K yellow then red. On rocks, stones and trees. Syn :—P. horrescens, Tayl. belongs to this form. Scher. Enum. 45. Mudd an. 95. Exs :—Leight. 46. Scher. 363. Hepp 862. 863, M. & N. 349. Bohl, 11. Fellm. 77. Breut. 116, Grog. DistRIB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—1...3...5 ..7...10, 11,..12...15...19...26. ENGLAND :—Oswestry! Rev. J. Salwey. Yorkshire! My. G, Dixon. Dart- moor and neighbouring Tors. Messrs Jones & Kingston. Sraueley rocks, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland; Swinno: ast Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Wrekin Hill! Nesscliffe Hill! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire: Scor.anD :—Birnam Hill, Dunkeld. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Near Kildorrery, co. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Dawros Bridge! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es :—Sychnant near Conway! Barmouth! Rev. 7. Salwey. Gwydir Woods ! Bettws-y-coed. Var. omphalodes, (L.) fuscous or nigricant, shining, smoother, reticulato-rugulose ; medulla K yellow then red. On alpine rocks. 1724. oe :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 203, Nyl. Syn. 388. Mudd Man. Fie :—E. Bot. 604. Exs :—Scher. 488. Zw. 182. Maudon 29. Leight. 7. Bohl, 18. M. & N. 348. Mudd 67. Larbal. 19. Smrft, 150. Grog. DistriB :—Europe, Asia. Bot. Prov :—1...5...7, 8...10...12...15, 16...18...22...31. EneLanp :—Cromford Moor near Matlock, Derbyshire. Sir J. E. Smith. Cumberland ! Mrs. Stanger. near Torquay. Dr. Deakin. Howden Gill. Cleve- land! Kildale Moor! Mr Mudd. Craigforda near Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. Berwick-on-Tweed! Dr. G. Johnston. Hornby and Helmsley, Yorkshire. Mr. Teesdale. near Penzance and Redruth. Messrs. Turner and Sowerby. Northumber- land and Durham. Mr. Winch. Tors of Dartmoor. Mr. Parfitt. Malvern Hills. Rev. W.S. Rufford. Moreton ; North Bovey and Ilsington, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Stiperstones Hill! See . : Scornanp :—Amulree, Perthshire ! Clova, Forfarshire! Garrynahine, Lewis ! Dr, Lindsay. Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Sidlaw Hills and Clova Mountains. Mr. W. Gardiner. Long Island. Prof. Balfour. IreLanp :—Lough Bray, co. Wicklow. Dr. Taylor. Watss :—Aber. Rev. Hugh Davies. near Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Bloxam. Conway Mountain! Barmouth! Aran Mowddwy ! Cwm Idwal! (fine fruit) Bettws-y- coed ! Cuannex Isranps :—Beauport Bay, Jersey, and all the other Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. 9 128 THE LICHEN-FLORA Var. panniformis, Ach. cinerascent, narrowly laciniato-dissected, imbricato-crustaceous ; medulla K yellow then red. On rocks. Syn :—Ach. Meth, 204. pen) Sym 203. Nyl. Syn. 388. Fic :—Westr. Farg. t. 7. f. 6. Exs :—Scher. 364, Anzi Langob. 294. Hepp 861. 864. Korb. 243.M. & N. 738. Arn. 339. Groce. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Baas 5 cTo a “18.) Encuanp :—Stiperstones Hill, Shropshire ! ScorLanD :—Grampians pl entiful, ey. fertile. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wares :—Llyn Geirionydd! Trefriw f. subconcentrica, Cromb. spherico-conglomerate. On alpine boulders. 1872. Syn :—Crombie.in Journ. Bot. n. s. 1. 306. ScorLanp :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) E. medulla K—C red. (C alone—). 21. P. levigata, (Sm.) albo-glaucescent or whitish, narrowly laciniato-lobate, lacinie divaricate, sinuato-multifid or sinuato-inct- sed, often subimbricate and tuberculato-sorediate at the apices, laxly affixed, under surface black and atro-fibrilloso-rhizinose ; apothecia badio-rufous or fuscescent, margin entire or obsoletely crenate or sorediate; spores 6—8, colourless, elliptical, simple ; medulla white K—C red. On rocks, walls, and trees. 1808. ee :—Sm. E. Bot. 1852. (1808.) Ach. Syn. 212. Nyl. Syn.- 384. Mudd Man. Fie :—E. Bot. 1852. Hepp ae ren t. 67. f. 581. Exs :—Mudd 68. Hepp 581. Leight. 202. Groce. DistRrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...6, 7. -15...17...19, 20...26...31. ENGLAND :—Lynton, N. Devon! Miss Attwood. Two Bridges, Dartmoor ! above the Plym by the Dewer Stone, Dartmoor ! St. Leonard’s Forest! Eridge pe ks! Mr. Borrer. Bolt Head, S. Devon! Dr. Holl. Bournemouth! Rev. A, Bi MN. ScorLanD :—Ballachoulish! Rossshire! Mr. Borrer. Glencroe! Dr. Macmil- lan. IRELAND :—Southern Counties! Miss Hutchins. Dunkerron! Askew Wood, bee sort | Dr. Taylor. Tully! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. near Ballinahinch, an ALES :—Anglesea and Carnarvonshire! Rev. H. Davies. (1808.) Mountains above Barmouth ! Mr. Borrer. Dolgelley! near Llanberis ! Dr. Holl, near Aber- dovey. Rev. A. Bloxam. Pen-y-rhiw! near a i Moel-y- gest! near Tremadoc. Drwsynant! Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed. a Istanps :—N.E. coast Tenet Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey, Rev. T. a0 Spo res .0025 to .003 in long. by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .017— 23am. long, .010—14 mm. broad.” (yl.) Var. rugosa, Tayl. white, very uneven, lobes broadly linear, imbricated, margins sinuato-crenate, rugose at the base on upper surface, sometimes sorediate, margin of apothecia rugose ; medulla white K—C red. On rocks, rare. 1836. Syn:—TaylL in. Mack. Fl. Hib. 2. 145. (1836.) Exs :—Leight. 357. in part. Zw. 181. Geroc. DisTE1s :—Europe Bor. Prov :—1...7...15. Pao... i, EncLanp :— Lizard! Cornwall. Mr. Curnow. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 129 Scorianp :—Ballacheulish ! Mr. Borrer. IRELAND :—Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor. Wates :—Dolbadarn, Caernarvonshire! road-side between T'yn-y-groes and Dol-y-mellyn Bridge, Merionethshire! Mr. Borrer. Ty Gwyn near Dolgelley ! Rev. T. Salwey. Aberdovey! Dolgelley ! CHANNEL Igsnanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T'. Salwey. Var, revoluta, (Flk.) sinuato-lobate, lobes cucullato-revolute and tuberculoso-sorediate at the apices and often at the margins ; medulla white K—C red, On trees. Syn :-Flk. Deut. Lich. 15 (1815) Nyl. Syn. 385. (excl. syn.) Exs :—Scheer. 612. Leight. 357. Nyl. 112. Mudd 69, Zw. 181. bis B. Larb. 64. Rabh. 860. Anzi Langob. 256. Mass. 325. Groce. DistRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5.. 7. 15...19...26...31. ENGLAND :—Penzance! Rev. H. Penneck. St. Leonard's Forest! Mr. Borrer. Oswestry ! and Ludlow, Shropshire! Rev. 7. Salwey. Scorvand :—Gleneroe ! Dr. Macmillan. TRELAND :—Blackwater Bridge, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Kerry. Dr. Moore. near Letterfrack! Mr. Larbalestier. WALES :—Tygwyn near Dolgelley! Rev. T. Salwey. Aberdovey. Rev. A. Bloxam. Moel-y-gest ! CHanneL Isuanps :—Rozel! Gorey, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .011—14 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (2Vyi.) Var. subsinuosa, (Leight.) lacinice narrow, sinuato-pinnatifid, apices attenuate, sub-truncate, cloven, under surface atro-fibrillose ; medulla white K—C red. On trees and rocks. 1871. Exs :—Scher. ah aoe 132. 176. Arn, 137. Bor, Prov :—7... TRELAND :—Near Ballinahinch ! Mr. Larbalestier. Watezs :—Cwm Owyion ! (1871). 22. P. Delisei, (Dub.) Nyl. pale olive, lobes interwoven, eleva- ted, narrow ; medulla K—C reddish. On rocks. 1872. Syn :—P. olivacea, var. Deliset, Dub. Bot. Gall. 602. (1829). P. prolixa var. Delisei, Nyl. Scand. 102. Flora 1872 p. 426. Crombie in Journ. Bot. ns. 2. 133, Ex’ :—Nyl. Pyr. Or. 4, Grog. DISTRIB :~Europe. Bor. Prov :—l. ; : EncLanpD :—Kynnal Cliff, near Penzance. In this locality isidiiferous and panniform conditions also occur. Mr. Curnow. 23. P. incurva, (Pers.) ochroleucous or flavido-cinerascent, sub-opake, orbicular, stellato-laciniose, appressed, lacinie narrow, multifid, somewhat convex, crowded, apices incurved and imbricate,. soredia albo-flavescent, verrucoso- tuberculose, under surface concolor- ous, rhizine nigricant ; apothecia spadiceo-fuscous or dark rufes- cent, small, margin sub-entire ; medulla K—C faint red. On rocks, rare. 1793. Syn :—Pers. in Ust. any 7. p. 24, (1794). Nyl. Syn. 394. Fic :—Dicks. Cr. Br. t. 9. f. 7. Exs:—Tuck. 76. Fr. 259. ‘Reich. and Schub. 88. Stenh. 123. Geoa. DistriB :—Europe, N. omens Bor. Prov:—8...11.. "1b. 19,".23...30. ENGLAND :—Beamish Moor a “Eglestone Fell, Durham; Hedgehope and Cheviot, Northumberland. Mr, Winch. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev, A. Blowam. K 130 THE LICHEN-FLORA ScotLanD :—Braemar; Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Dunkerron co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Howth; Killarney; and Knocklayd, co. Antrim. Dr. Moore. “Spores .009—.013 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .008— 12 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 24. P. xanthomyela, (Nyl.) similar to P. levigata, but medulla yellow, K—C red. On rocks. 1876. Syn :—NylL. in Flora 1874 p. 306. IRELAND :—Road to Recess near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). E. medulla of thallus yellow, K yellowish-brown. 25. P. endochlora, (Leight.) like laevigata, whitish, very uneven, lacini@ sinuato-lobate, retuse, tuberculoso-nigricanti-sorediate ; medulla yellow, K yellowish-brown ; apothecia rufous-brown, receptacle ver- rucose, reticulato-lacunose, margin verrucose incurved ; spores as in levigata. On rocks. Groc. DistrrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15...19 TRELAND :—Dunkerron !; Askew Wood, co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Glencroe! Dr. Macmillan Much resembling P. tiliacea var. rugosa, Tayl. It may be P. aurulenta, Tuck. Suppl. 1. 424 but I have seen no authentic specimen. Sus-tripe. II]. PHYSCIEI Thallus laciniate, variously divided, generally stellato-orbicular. Apothecia orange or yellow or nigricant, lecanorine. Paraphyses distinct. Spores colourless or fuscous, bilocular or 1-septate. Sterigmata pluri-articulate. Spermatia oblongo-cylindrical, incras- sate at the apices. V. PHYSCIA, Wy. Characters as above. A. Thallus flavescent (K purple.) 1. P. flavicans, (Sw.) yellow or orange-yellow, cespitose, sub- terete, slender, entangled, much branched, branches attenuate, Furcellate at the apices ; apothecia orange or rufous, margin thin, sub-entire ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, polari-bilocular. On trees, rocks, &c. 1724. Syn :—Swartz Prodr. Fl. Ind. 147. (1788.) Ach. Syn. 224. Nyl. Syn. 406. Fic : ~E. Bot. 2113. Hepp Sporen t. 65. f. 570. Exs :—Hepp 570. Scher. 552, Welw. Lusit. 11. Spruce Amaz. 171. Larb. 21. Mudd 8. Leight. 169. Mass. 17. Reich. & Schub. 39. Geroc. Disrrip :—W. Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 6, 7...10...18, 19, 20...31. EncLanD :—Near Lewes, Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Devonshire. Sir J. E. Smith. Penzance. Rev. T. Salwey. Lands End, Cornwall. Waldershare Park, Kent. Mr, Holmes. near Hastings; Isle of Wight; S. Devon and Cornwall generally; South Brent, Devonshire. Dr. Holl. Dunsford ; Budleigh Salter- ton, Devon. Mr. Paryitt. Brockenhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Tren- gwainton! near Penzance. Mr. Curnow. on the Lanyon Coit. Rev. J. P. Jones. Dartmoor ; Bottor rocks ; Inwardleigh ; Lustleigh Cleve, Devon, Messrs, Jones and Kingston. OF GREAT BRITAIN: 131 Scotianp :—Craig of Ailsa. Rev. J. Lightfoot. IRELAND :—Ardglass. Dr. Maingay. near Waterford. Dr. Barker. Dublin Mountains and Killiney Hill. Dr Taylor. Lambay Island near Dublin; Ard- more, Waterford, Castlemartyr, Lisquinlan, Castlebernard, and Cape Clear Tans 0) Cork ; Western Blasquet Island, Kerry. Mr. Carroll, Kinsale. Mr. . Cooke. WaLeEs :—Moel-y-Golfa near Welshpool, and Picton, Pembrokeshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Aberdovey. Rev. A. Bloxam. Angle, Pembrokeshire. Mr. Lees, Rocks N. of Barmouth! CHANNEL Istanps :—Rozel; L’Etacq; St. Lawrence! La Moye, Jersey! Island of Sark! Jerbourg, Guernsey ; Brechou. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .0025 in. long, by .001 to .00125 broad. t. 2. £. 33.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .012—18 mm. long, .007—.011 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) 2. P. chrysophthalma, (L.) yellow or flavo-albicant or flavo- cinerascent, rigescent, narrowly laciniate, laciniee ascending, divari- cato-multifid, apices fibrilloso-ramulose or spinose, whitish beneath ; apothecia orange, margin fibrilloso-ciliate, sometimes naked ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, polari-bilocular. On trees. 1801. Syw :—Linn. Mant. 2, 311. (1771.) Ach. Syn. 224. Nyl. Syn. 410. meee aa Bot. 1088. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 36. £. 1. and t. 31, f. 1. Hepp Sporen t. Exs :—Hepp 569. M. & N. 254. Mass. 55, 56. Larb. 22. Welw. Lusit. 64, 69. Scher. 389. Bohl. 322. Leight, 394. Nyl. Pyr. or. 2 Grog. Distrrs :—Europe, Africa, America, Polynesia, Australasia. Bot. Prov :—J6...19. 20...30, 31, EncLanbD :—Devonshire. Mfr. Sowerby. (1801.) Lancing ! and Brighton ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. near Lewes, Sussex. Mr. Unwin. near Torquay. Sir W. J, Hooker. ScottanD :—Ben Brecht, Argyleshire. Mr. Paterson. IRELAND :—Balluirea, Carrigalim ; near Cork ; near Newcastle, co. Down. Mr. Carroll. Cave Hill, near Belfast. Prof. Dickie, Killrittain. Mr. Alexander, Vernonmount and Blarney, Cork, and Castlebernard Park, Bandon. Mr. J. Sul- livan. Berborough, Cork. Mr. Cooke. Muckrone! Mr. Hardy. CuanneL ISLANDS :—Guernsey ; St. Brelade’s, Jersey! and Sark! Mr. Lar- balestier. orchard at Sark. Rev. 7’. Salwey. The forma Dickieana (Linds. Mem. Sperm. 254.) seems only a paler coloured state with entire margin to the apothecia. It has occurred at Cave Hill, Belfast, and Newcastle, co. Down. Dr. Dickie. and Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .003 to ,0035 in, long, by .00125 in. broad. t. 2. f. 34.” (Mudd.) “Spores .011—17 mm. long, .006—.010 mm. broad.” (Wy/l.) 3. P. parietina, (L.) yellow, sub-orbicular, membranaceous, rotundo-lobato-inctsed, lobes sub-imbricate, appressed, plane or sub- concave, smooth, margins crenate, thickened and upturned, under surface paler or whitish ; apothecia concolorous or waxy-orange- coloured, margin entire; spores 8, colourless, oblong, polari- bilocular. On trees, pales, rocks, &c. common. 1690. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. No. 25. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 290, Nyl. Syn. 410. Mudd Man. 113. Fie :—E. Bot. 194. Tul. Mem. t. 1. f. 1—7. Hepp Sporen t. 99. f. 870. Exs :—Scher, 380. Mass. 31. 32. Welw. Lusit. 82. Bohl. 12. M. and N. 66. Maudon 34. Anzi It. S. 130. Mudd 85. Leight. 10. Hepp 870. Larbal. 67. Groc. Disrris :—Europe, Asia, Africa, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8...10, 11...15, 16.. 18. 19—30.) 26...31. ; EncuanD :—Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blocam. Yorkshire ! Mr. Dixon. Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Baggypoint, N. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr, Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland; Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson, Market Rasen! Lincolnshire. Dr. F, A. Lees. Shropshire ! Scornanp :—Long Island; Arran. Prof. Balfour. Forfarshire. Mr. Gardiner. Hebrides and Orkneys, Dr, Lindsay. Isle of May, Firth of Forth, Mr. Sadley, 132 THE LICHEN-FLORA IRELAND :—On trees, rocks, &c., common. Mr. Carvoll. River Dawros, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Waxes :—Aberayron, Cardiganshire. Miss Attwood. Y Fegle fawr, near Bar- mouth! St. David’s! Mumbles ! Pembrokeshire. Drwsynant ! CuanneL Istanps ;—Jersey ! Sark. Herm. Jethou. Crévichou. Mr. Larba- lestier. Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. “Spores .0025 in. long, by .001 to .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .010—16 mm. long, .007—9 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) “‘ Spores .012—16 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. aureola, (Ach.) more intense yellow or orange, rotundo-lobate, sinuato-incised, crenate, thickened and upturned at the margins, under a lens very minutely granulate on the surface, margin of apothecia crenulate. On rocks and stones. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 487. 1810.) Syn. 210. Nyl. Syn. 411. Mudd Man. 113, Exs :—Mass. 34. Rabh. 773. Arn. 65. Nyl. Pyr. or. 55. Groce. Distrrp ;—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5...11...15. ENGLAND :—Exeter. Ji. Parfitt. East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Lianymynech Hill ! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Kincardineshire. Rev. J. If. Crombie. Var. ectanea, (Ach.) yellowish-orange, multifido-laciniate, laciniz narrow, imbricated, sub-conver, sub-lacunose, thickened at the margins, slightly granulated on the surface; margin of apothecia crenulate. On rocks. coe :—Ach. L. U. 464. (1810.) ruti/ans, Syn. 210. Nyl. Syn. 411. Mudd Man. Exs :—Anzi Ven. 167. Zw. 57. Welw. Lusit. 72... Groc. DistR1B :—Europe, Africa, N. America, Chili, Australasia, Bort. Prov :—6, 7. 2 ENGLAND :—Crumbles, Eastbourne. Mr, Roper. WaLEs :—Tenby ! Mr. Lees. Borth! Y Fegle fawr! near Barmouth. Manor- beer ! Holyhead ! Var. laciniosa, (Duf.) orange-coloured, stenophyllous, Jacero-or pinnatifido-dissected, stellato-appressed, more or less ascending. On trees, rocks, &ce. Sry :—Fr. L. E. Ref. 73. Mudd Man. 113. Fic ;—E. Bot. 1794. Hepp Sporen t. 72. f. 633. Exs :—Scher. 381. Anzi Langob. 296, 255. (eft sp.) Mass. 36. Hepp 872. 633. Leight. 11. Geroc. DistRis : —Europe. por PRov ae ne le NGLAND :—Yeldham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Swinnop, East Allen - umberland. Rev, W. Johnson. near Shrewsbury ! - ee ee ScorLanD :—Blackford Hill, near Edinburgh. Sir J. E. Smith, Var. lychnea, (Ach. orange-coloured, pulvinate, crowded, rotundo- - squamulose, ascendenti-imbricate, margins granuloso-pulverulent or lacero-dissected ; margin of apothecia entire, pulverulent. On trees and old railings. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 187. 1803.) Syn. 210. Nyl. Syn, 411. Mudd Man, 114 a ee See Soe 871. XS: zr. 382. 549. Anzi Langob. 58. He _ a eae oes ; ig pp 871. 872. 873, Fellm. 86. Geroc. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov. :—1...3...5...7...15...19...29...30. Encuanp :--Shropshire! Rev. T. Salwey. Hay Tor, Dartm Hills, Dr, Holl, Wheatfield Park! Oxfordchire. itr, aa 1 OF GREAT BRITAIN. 133 ScotLtanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr, Holl. Braemar and Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie ; RELAND :—North of Ireland; and Castlebernard Park, Bandon. Adm. Ji Wates :— Llyn Geirionydd ! ‘Criccieth Castle ! Sees Var. polycarpa, (Ehrh.) greenish-yellow, granulato-conglomerate, margins granulato-crenate ; apothecia numerous, crowded, margin turgid, entire. On trees, palings, and rocks. 1807. Syn :—Ehrhart Crypt. 136. 1785.) Ach. Syn. 192. Nyl, 411. Mudd Man. 113. Fic :—E. Bot. 1795. Hepp Sporen t. 7. f. Ba . gee :—Hepp 54. 595. Mass. 35, Mudd 86. Anzi Langob. 295. Leight. 265. Arn. Grog. Disrris :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...10, 11...15. Eneanp :—Near Yarmouth. Mr. Turner, (1807.) Stokesley! Redcar! Cleve- land. Mr. Mudd. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Dr. Dickie. Midland Counties; Christ} Church Meadow, Oxford. Mr. Purton. Bradley Green, Worcestershire. Rev. W. S. Rufford. Stiperstones ! Long Mynd! near Shrewsbury ! Shropshire. ScornanD :—Durris, Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Forma tumida, (Wedd.) verrucoso-bullate. On walls, rocks and trees. 1871. Syn :—Weddell Lich. Prom. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 198, (1869.) Gzoc. DisrRip :—France. Bor. Prov :—3...5. : ENGLAND :—Tetsworth ! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. (1871.) Forma cinerascens, Leight. thallus and margins of apothecia cinereo-albicant. On elms and palings. 1878. Bot. Prov :—3. ENGLAND :—Wheatfield Park ! Oxford. Mr. Larbalestier. (1878.) B. Thallus cinerascent. § medulla K—C—. ~ 4. P.intricata, (Desf.) cinereous or cinerascent, cespitose, nar- rowly tereti-compressed, laciniate, densely puberulo-villose, lacinize divaricato-ramose, entangled, obsoletely canaliculate beneath ; apo- thecia lateral, sessile, fuscous-black, plane, margin entire downy ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, 1-septate. On trees and rocks, rare. 1804. Syn :—Desfontaines FL Atlant. 2. 419, (1800.) atlantica, Nyl. Syn. 408. Ach. Syn. 223. Mudd Man. 104. Fig :—E. Bot. 1715. Nyl. Syn. t. 8. £. 50. Exs :—Mudd 76. Bourgeau 610. Welw. Lusit. 14. Gzoc. Distrip :—W. Europe, Africa. Bor. Prov :—1, 2. 7 ENGLAND :—Cliffs near Hastings, Sussex! Bracklesham in Selsey Island ; Mr, Borrer. (1804.) Bolt Head, Devon. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “ Spores .0045 to .005 in. long, by .0025 to .003 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘ Spores .018—26 mm. long, .011—15 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) . . 5. BP. ciliaris, (L.) albido-cinerascent or cinerascenti-fuscescent, lineari-laciniate, lacinie sub-ascending, multifid, imbricato-intricate, tomentose, canaliculate, whitish beneath, margins Jfibrilloso-ciliate ; 134 THE LICHEN-FLORA apothecia pedicellate, fuscous-black, cxsio-pruinose, rarely naked, margin sub-entire, inflexed ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate ; (medulla K—-C—). On trees and rocks. 1785. Syn:—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. No. 28. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 220. Nyl. Syn. 414. Mudd Man, 105. Fic :—Hffm. Pl. L. t. 3, £. 4. Hepp Sporen t. 19. f. 168. Exs :—Hepp 168. Scher. 388. M. & N. 64. Larbal, 68. Reich. and Schub. 38. Leight. 364, Groc. Distr ;—Europe, Africa, N. America. Bor Prov :—1. 2, 3, 4, 5...8...14, 15...21...31. ENGLAND :—Leicestershire ! Rev. A. Bloxam. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. common in Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford. Dr. Sibthorp. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Guestling, Sussex. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. Shropshire ! Moor Park ! Herefordshire. ScotLaND :—Balthayock! Perth. Dr, Lindsay. Baldovan; Mains; Auldbar ; Foulis. Mr. Gardiner. Castle of Melgund ; between Forfar and Kirrimuir. Mr. Cou Auchindenny and Rosslyn Woods; Dalkeith; about Kirkliston. Dr. eville. IRELAND :— Oakpark, near Carlow. Dr Moore. ; CuanneL IsLanDs :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. Jersey and Sark! Mr. Larba- estier. “Spores .007 to .0075 in. long, by .0035 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .036— 50 mm. long, .018—24 in. broad.” (Nyl.) *‘ Spores .0830—50 mm. long, .018—24 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Forma actinota, (Ach.) margin of apothecia proliferous, laciniole sub-sfimbriate. On trees. 1724. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 497. (1810). Nyl. Lich. Scand. 108. Fic :—E. Bot. 1352. Exs :—-Rabh. 309. Mudd 77. Mass. 39. Breut. 309, Groce Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov ;—4...10, 11...15. Enetanp :—Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. near Ayton. Cleveland! Mr. Mudd. Yorkshire! Mr. Dixon. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. ScorLanD :—Old Castle of Melgund, Forfarshire. Dr. Lindsay. Forma verrucosa, (Ach.) lacinie broader, verrucoso-papillate, sper- mogoniferous. On trees. Syn ;—Ach, L. U. 497. 1810.) Nyl. Lich. Scand. 109. Exs :—Bohl, 38. Anzi Langob. 258, A. Gzoe. DistRip ;—Europe. Bort. Prov :—3...5...7...10...15. Encuanp :—Llanforda near Oswestry! Rev. 7, Salwey. near Datchet! Afiss Attwood. near Thirsk! Mr. Baker. between South Littleton and Badsey, Wor- cestershire. Mr. Purton. ScoTLanD :—Balthayock, Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Forma samicola, (Nyl.) dark-cervine or fuscescent, appressed, margins and extremities of the narrow lacinie with long brownish- black cilia. On maritime rocks. “Syn +—Nyl. Syn. 414. Mudd Man. 105. Geroc. DistRIB ;—Europe, Canaries. Bort. Prov :—1...7, 8...10...15.,.19...31. Encuanp ;—Near Langbraugh, Cleveland. My. Mudd. near Buxton. Dr, Holl. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. ScoTLAND :—Morrone in Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie, IRELAND :— ee Head, co, Kerry. Mr. Carroll. Wates ;—Holyhead Mountain ! CHANNEL ISLANDS ;—Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalastier. OF GREAT BRITAIN 135 6. LP. pulverulenta, (Schreb.) pallido-cinerascent or pale cinereo- rufescent or pale olivaceo-cervine, opake, suborbiculato-stellate, ap- pressed, firm, laciniw plane, multifid, minutely albo-granuloso- pruinose towards the obtuse crenato-incised apices, under surface nigricanti-fibrillose ; apothecia fuscous, ceesio-pruinose, margin tumid, oe es spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate; (medulla On trees, common. ia :—Schreb. Spicil. 128. 771.) Ach. Syn. 214. Nyl. Syn. 419. Mudd Man’ Fic :—Hffm. Pl. L. t. 8. f. 2. Hepp Sporen t. 99. f. 874. Exs :—M. & N. 162. (in part) Anzi It. S, 122. Scher. 356. Hepp 874. (in part), Grog. DistriB :—Europe, Africa, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10, 11...14, 15...(19—80.)...31. ENneuanp:—Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Devon, Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Guestling, Sussex ; Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. H. N. Bloomfield. Bourton-on the-Water. Mr. Joshua. Bovey Tracey ; Bagtor Wood, Ilsington, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Rings: near Shrewsbury ! and Shropshire ! generally. Moor Park! Hereford- shire. ScortanpD :—Common on trees Sir W. J. Hooker. Forfarshire. Mr. W, Gar- diner. Braid Hermitage ; Blackford House ; Swanston-Wood near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. TRELAND :—On trees, common. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Bettws-y-coed churchyard ! CHANNEL IsLaNDs :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. common on all the Islands. Mr, Larbalestier. ‘* Spores .006 to .007 in. long, by .003 to .0035 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores -020—36 mm. long, .012—20 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .020—36 mm. long, -010—12 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) f. pityrea, (Ach.) thallus thinner, sub-cinerascent, sub-effuse, lacini@ shortish, sorediate at the margins, margin of apothecta crenu- late or sorediato-lacerate ; (medulla K— C—). On trees and walls. 1783. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 123. (1798.) Syn. 201. Nyl. Syn. 420. Mudd Man. 111. Fie :—E. Bot. 2064. Exs:—M. & N. 352. (in part) Scher. 487. (in part) Mudd 83. Zw. 186. Arn. 256. Hepp 876. Reich. & Schub. 87. Groce, Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...10...13...15. Enetanp :—Strumpshaw ; Norfolk and Suffolk. Six J. E. Smith. Bury: Rev. G. R. Leathes. Oswestry ! Castle Walks! Ludlow! Rev. T. Salwey. Cambridge. Mr. Larbalestier. Countess Weir, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Pophills, Warwickshire. Rev. W. S. Rufford. near Oxford. Mr. Baxter. Oversley, Warwickshire. M7. Purton. Thame Park! Tetsworth! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. . A Scornanp :—Glasgow. Dr. Scouler, Marten’s Den, Forfarshire. Mr. Croall. “Spores .024—28 mm. long, .015—18 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) f. angustata, (Hffm.) smaller, pallido-cinereo-rufescent, lacinie nar- rower, linear, dichotomous. On moss. 1861. Syn :—Hffm. Enum. 77. (1784.) Ach. Syn. 214. Nyl. Syn. 420. Mudd Man. 11 0. Fic :—Hfim. Enum. t. 11. f. 2. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 54. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10. : ENGLAND :—Yorkshire. M7, Mudd. Bentham, near Cricklade. Mr. W. Joshua. 136 THE LICHEN-FLORA f. muscigents, (Whinb.) darker, cervino-fuscescent, generally albo- coesio-pruinose, lacinie shorter, more distinct, ascending. Onmoss. 1861. ‘eon :—Whinb. Fl. Lapp. 422. (1812) Ach. Syn. 212. Nyl. Syn. 420. Mudd an. Exs: en 486. Arn, 64, Anzi Langob, 54, B. Venet. 21. Hepp 875. Grog. D1stR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Cromb ‘* Spores ,024—30 mm. long, ,011—15 mm. cL ” (Myl.) f. venusta, (Ach.) cervine, epruinose, margin of apothecia crowned with laciniole or horizontal thalline lobule. On trees. 1724. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 211. pee Grn. ae Nyl. Syn. 420. Fic :—Ach. Meth. t. 8. f, 5. E. Bot. 2063. Exs :—M. & N. 162. (in part) Scher. a (in part) Maudon 33 Hepp 874. (in part). Anzi It. 8. 123. Bohl. 69. Mudd 82 Geroc. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...7...10...11...15...19. EncLanp :—Yorkshire! Mr. G. Dixon. near Ayton! Cleveland. M1. Mudd. Wrenbury, S. Devon. Dr. Holl. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford, Dr. Sib- thorp. East Allendale and Haydon Bridge, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Haughmond Hill! Ensdon, near Shrewsbury ! ScorLanD :—Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Blarney! and near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Bettws-y-coed churchyard ! All the various forms or states of P. pulverulenta are readily recognized by the thallus generally or the apices of the lacinie being clothed with minute albo-granulose pruina and thet chemical reaction of medulla K—C—. “Spores .026—36 mm. long, .012—20 mm. broad.” (Vyl.) 7. P. obscura, (Ehrh.) olivaceo-virescent or fuscescent, sub-orbicu- lari-stellate, appressed, lacinie narrow, inciso-lobate, plane, smooth, margins often sorediate, under surface nigro-fibrilloso-ciliate ; apo- thecia nigro-fuscous, naked, margin pale entire ; spores 8, fuscous, elliptico-oblong, 1-septate ; spermatia very minute, oblong; (me- dulla white K— C—). On trees, &. 1808. Syn :—Ehrhart Crypt. 177. (1785.) Nyl. Syn. 427. P. cycloselis, Ach. Syn, 216. Mudd Man. 109. « ‘ oe Fic :—E. Bot. 1942. Hepp Sporen t. 68. f. 596. ia :—Nyl. 33. Hepp 597. Scher. 355. Anzi It. S. 125. Mudd 80. Leight. 80. t. 6 GEOG. —— eee, ei Africa, Australasia. Bor. Prov:—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7, 8...10, 11...14 ..16.. (19—-30.).. 31 ENGLAND :—Lakenham ; "Seething, Norfolk ; Gisleham, Suffolk. Sir J. BE. Smith. 808.) Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Yarmouth. Mr. Turner, near Ayton! and Easby! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Gopsall Park, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. See Dr. Holl. Upton Magna! and other places near Shrewsbury; Llany- mynec So Appin Argyleshire. Capt. Carmichael. near Colinton. Dr. Grevi IRELAND :—Common on rocks and trees. Mr. Carroll. Wa tes :—Edderton! Montgomeryshire. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Guernsey. Rev. 7, Salwey. common on all the Islands. i oe -005 in. 1 -00175 in. broad.” (. “Spores to in. long in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .018— 25 mm. long, .009—.011 mm. ‘proad.” (yl) ‘* Spores Abe long, .009—12 mm. broad. * (7. M. Fr.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 137 Var. chloantha, (Ach.) glaucous-green or ctnereous, lacinice broader and more approximate, apothecia very numerots. On trees &e. Syw :—Ach. Syn. 217, 1814.) Nyl. Lich. Scand. 112. Mudd Man. 110. Exs :—Scher. 353. 354. Hepp 596, Anzi Langob. 293 Venet. 22. It. 8. 124. Mudd 81. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10. EneLanp :—Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Llanforda ! Shropshire. f. lithotea, (Ach.) glauco-fuscescent, orbicular, lacinie multifid, linear, very narrow, margins atro-ciliate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1877. Syn:—Ach. Meth, 199 (1803), Bor. Prov :—7. ‘Wates :—Great Orme’s Head! (1877.) Var. virella, (Ach.) glauco-virescent or cinereous, stellate, lacinia abbreviated, laciniato-lobate, obtuse, sorediate. K—C—. On trees, &. 1807. Syw ;—Ach. Prod. 108. (1798.) Syn. 191.‘Nyl. Syn. 427. Mudd Man. 110. Fic :—E. Bot. 1696. (2 upper fig.) Exs :—Hepp 599. Anzilt. 8.126. Bohl. 104. Grog. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5, 6...26. ENGLAND :—Sussex. Mr. Borrer, 1807.) near Oxford. Mr, Baxter. South of England. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Park, Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. near Shrews- bury! Worfield! and Llanymynech! and on rocks on Haughmond Hill! and Lianymynech Hill! IRELAND :—Lord Sligo’s Demesne, Westport, co. Mayo. Mr. Larbalestier. WatEs :—South Wales. Dr. Holt. Var. ulothrix, (Ach.) base of receptacle of apothecia nigro-fibril- lose. On trees, &c. 1807. Syn :—Ach. Prod. 113. (1798.) Syn. 217. Nyl. Syn. 428. Mudd Man. 110. Fic :—E. Bot. 1696. (lower fig). Exs :—M. & N. 448, Fellm. 88, Anzi It. 8. 127. Geoc. DistRip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...15...19...26...30, 31. EneLanp :—Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Tetsworth ! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. ScorLanp :—Glen Fendor, Blair Athole, Rev. J. M.Crombie. TrELanp :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Road to Recess. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. 8. P. adglutinata, (Flk.) olivaceo-virescent, dark, orbicular, im- bricato-stellate, lacinte narrow, closely appressed, multifid, sur- rounding the leprose sorediate centre ; (medulla K—C—.) ; spermatia long acicular. On trees, walls, &. 1810. Syn :—Fik. in Moug. St. Vog. 543. (1818). Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 7. f. 55, E, Bot. t. 2158. Exs :—Reich. & Schub. 84. Nyl. 34. Mass. 246. Anzi Langob, 373. It. S, 129, Hepp 55. Scher. 609. Wright 90. M. & N. 548, ; Groq. DistR1B:—Europe, Cuba. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4...(19...26...30)...31, ENGLAND :—Norwich. Sir J. E. Smith. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. near Exeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. . TRELAND :—On trees frequent. Mr. Carroll. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Kyle- more. Df. Larbalestier. : ; CHANNEL ISLANDS :—St. Ouen’s, Noirmont, Jersey. Mr, Larbalestier, 138 THE LICHEN-FLORA f. sorediata, (Nyl.) albido-glaucescent, closely appressed, lacinre broader, dilated at the extremities, margins and centre sorediate. On walls and trees, uncommon. 1875. TRELAND :—Base of Letter Hill! near Letterfrack, co. Galway. Mr. Lar- balestier. (1875.) 9. P. retrogressa, (Strtn.) like P. stellaris, medulla K— and spores somewhat smaller .003—.018 mm. long, .007—.009 mm. broad. On trees. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 85. (1875.) ScorLanD :—Near Altnaharra, co. Sutherland. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) $8 thallus and medulla K+-C+. - 10. P. leucomela, (L.) whitish or albido-glaucescent, subcespitose, lineari-laciniate, lacing lax, diffuse, sub-ascending, margin nigro- fibrilloso-ciliate, under surface subcanaliculate or plane, albo-granu- lose ; apothecia cesio-pruinose, margin radiato-coronate ; spores 8, fuscous, elongato-oblong, 1-septate ; (thallus and medulla Ky Cy.) Amongst grass, &c. 1813. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. 1613. (1764.) Ach. Syn. 222. Nyl. Syn. 414. Mudd Man. 104. Fie :—E. Bot. 2548. Hepp Sporen t. 66, f. 573. Exs :—Hepp 573. M. & N, 941. Bourgeau 298. Welw. Lusit. 79. Leight. 168. Larbal. 69. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—1...16...31. Encuanp:—Babbicombe, Devonshire. Sir W. J. Hooker. Torquay! Dr. Deakin. Cornwall! Mr. Borrer. Bolt Head, S. Devon. Dr. Holl. TRELAND :—Ballycotton ! near Cork and on Cape Clear Island. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jerbourg and 8. W. point of Rocquaine Bay. Mr. Lukis. Grosnez Castle, Quenvais, Jersey ! Bruchere. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .035—.060 mm. long, .018—.025 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) . ll. P. speciosa, (Wulf.) white or albo-cinerascent, stellato-lact- niate, lacinie narrow, multifid, plane, sub-imbricate, somewhat ascending at the apices, wrder surface plane albo-flocculose, rhizine and marginal ciliz whitish ; apothecia fuscous, margin sub-entire or crenulate, incurved ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate ; (medulla K yellow C yellow). On trees and rocks. 1809. Syn :—Wulfen in Jacq. Coll 3. 119. (1789.) Ach. Syn. 211. Nyl. Syn. 416. Mudd Man. 107. Fic :—E. Bot. 1979. Exs :—M. & N. 635, Scher. 357. Tuck. 81. Spruce Amaz. 154. Anzi Langob. 56. ‘: 7 Groce. Distris :—Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Polynesia, Australasia. Bor. Prov :—1...15, 16 . 19...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Poldesco, Cornwall. Mr. Borrer. Bolt Head, S. Devon. Dr. Holl. ScorLanD :—Ballacheulish, near Fort William. Messrs. Turner and Hooker. Glen Falloch. Dr. Holl. Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Glenarm, co. Antrim. Dr, Moore. CHANNEL IstanDs :—Jerbourg, Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. . “Spores .004 to .0045 in. long, by .00175 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .025—36 mm. long, .012—17 mm. broad.” (Nyl. d 7. M. Fr.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 139 Var. hypoleuca, (Ach.) under surface of thallus white, rhzine and marginal cilte black. On rocks. 1875. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 211. (1817.) Nyl. Syn. 417. Fic :—Fée Ess. oak t. 38. f. 2. Exs :—Wright 80. Spruce 152. 153. Grog. Distrip :—North and Central America, Cape of Good Hope, Island of Bourbon, East Indies, Java, Cuba, Ceylon, Mauritius. Bort. Prov :—15...26, ScorLanp :—Glencroe! Dr. Macmillan. (1875.) IrngLanp :—Dawros River! Mr. Larbalestier. 12. P. erosa, (Borr.) greyish or glaucous-white, crowded, imbre- cate, rotundo-abbreviato-laciniate, minutely-albo-granulate, margins of lacinie minutely jagged or crenulate, frequently ascending and granulate ; apothecia fuscous-black, margin sub-entire ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate ; (thallus Ky Cy). On trees, walls, &c. 1837. rare, The surface of the thallus is minutely albo-granulate not subcortically albo- maculate as in P. stellaris and its varieties. me :-E. Bot. Suppl. 2807. (1837.) tribacia (in part), Ach. Syn. 191. Nyl. Syn. Fig :—E, Bot. Suppl. 2807. Exs :—Larb. 24, Arn. 272. 248. Leight. 266. Gesoa. DistriB:—Europe. Bor, Prov :—1, 2...5...7...10...15, 16...19...31. ENGLAND rg ia wag ae Sussex. Mr. Borrer. near Ayton, Cleveland. A/?. Mudd. Ludlow Castle, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Plymouth! Mr. Holmes. Treveneth, near Penzance. Mr. Curnow. ‘ScoTLAND :—Connel Ferry, Argyleshire. Mr. Borrer. Will’s Braes ; Auldbar. Mr. Gardiner. TRELAND :—Dargle. Dr. Taylor. Wats :—Llanaber! near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Aberdovey ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Quenvais; St. Ouen’s Bay! Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. ~ . 18. P. astroidea, (Clem.) greyish-white, orbicular, thin, closely appressed, almost entirely granulose or leprose, laciniato-effigurate at the circumference ; apothecia fuscous-black, naked or pruinose ; spores 8, fuscous, elliptico-oblong, 1-septate, cells nucleolate ; (me- dulla Ky Cy). On trees, rare. 1807. Syn :—Clem. Ens. (add.) 302. (1807.) P, Clementiana, Ach. Syn. 204. Nyl. Syn. 426. Mudd Man. 108. ; Fia :—E. Bot. 1779. Linn. Trans. t. 13. f, 1. Hepp Sporen t. 69. f. 601. Exs :—Hepp 601. Scher. 610. M. & N. 737. Welw. Lusit. 104, Anzi Langob. 9. Gxocg. DistR1B :—Europe, America, Bort. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4...7, 8...10...19...24 ..31. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! Tunbridge Wells and Southampton. My. Borrer. Pen- zance ! Rey. T. Salwey. near Settle. Dr. Windsor. near Stokesley, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Twycross, Leicestershire ! West Haddon, Northamptonshire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Plymouth! Broom Park, near Sibertswold ! Kent. Mr. Holmes. ace TRELAND :—Tervoe near Limerick! and Dinis, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Dun- kerron ; Blackwater Bridge, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Waxes :—Barmouth! Rev. 7. Salwey. . CuanneEL Istanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. : “Spores .0045 in. long, by .0015 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .017— 26 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (yl. ) Var. elegans, (Nyl.) albo-glaucescent, margins of lacinie delicately istdioso-fimbriate, IRELAND :—South side of Kylemore Lake, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) 140 THE LICHEN-FLORA 14. P. tribacoides, (Nyl.) nearly similar to P. tribacia, (Ach.) Nyl. but the white soredia arranged as those of P. c@sia, and the thalline and medulline reaction with K-+ ; apothecia insufficiently developed. On young trees. 1874. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874, p. 307. Geroc. Distr :—Western France. Bor. Prov :—2. ENGLAND :—Near Ryde, Isle of Wight. Rev. J. M. Crombie, 1874. S$ medulla Ky C—. 15. P. stellaris, (L.) white or albo-glaucescent, orbicular, stellari- appressed, laciniz multifid, contiguous, subcortically albo-maculate, under surface whitish with concolorous or, fuscescent or nigricant fibrille ; apothecia fuscous-black or black, naked or ceesio-pruinose, margin entire or obsdletely crenulate ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, I-septate ; cells nucleolate. All the varieties or forms of P. stellaris may be recognized by the sub-cortically albo-maculate thallus. On trees. 1724. Syn: —Linn. Sp. PL 1. ed. feet 27. (1753.) Ach. ee 215. Nyl. Syn. Fie :—Reich. and Schub. 86. Hffm. En. t. 13. 2. Tul. Mem. a it f, 8—16. Exs :—M. & N. 163. Scher. 350. 351. Mudd 78. Mesa 318. Fellm. 87. Hepp 877. Bohl. 108. Anzi It. S. 117. Leight. 6. Geroc. Distr :—Europe, Asia, Africa, N. America, Australasia, Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5, 6, 7...10, 11...14, 15...19...31. ENGLAND :—Near ‘Ayton ! Mr. Mudd. Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Yorkshire ! Mr. Dixon. Essex. Mr. Pigott. Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods! West Dipton near Hexham and Oak Wood near Wylam, Northaraberland, Mr. Winch. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford. Dr. Sibthorp. Guestling, Sussex, Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. Tetsworth ! Oxfordshire ! ee Leabileetior Malvern. Mr. Lees. Sutton! Berwick! Ensdon! Pulley! ‘opshire. ScortanD :—Glen Nevis. Dr. Lindsay. Forfarshire. Mr. Gardiner. Swanston Wood, near Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. IRELAND :—Great sland, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Barmouth! Aberystwith. Miss Atwood. Llanbedrog! Edderton! Forden, Montgomeryshire. near Tremadoc ! “ Spores -004 in. long, by .00175 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores -016—23 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores ,016—24 mm. long, .008—11 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Var. leptalea, (Ach.) narrowly laciniate, lacinice appressed, sub- cortically albo-maculate, margins albo- or fuscescenti-fibrilloso-ciliate. On trees and stones. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 198, eee ) Syn. 221. Nyl. Syn, 425, Fic :—Jacq. Coll. 4. t. 6 Exs :—Scher. 562. 349, “Welw. Lusit. 73. Anzi It. S. 118, M. & N. 450 b. (in part). Reich. & Schub. 37. Geroc. Distr :— Europe Bor, Prov :8..5.7.,10, Ada eg ENGLAND :—Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey. Ulting near Maldon! Mr. Piggott. Yorkshire ! Mr. Dixon, near Gainford, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Pontesford Hill! Shropshire. oe :—Grampians, common. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—On trees and stones, frequent. M7, Carroll. WaA_Es :—Edderton ! Montgomerys! OF GREAT BRITAIN, 141 Var. tenella, (Scop.) narrowly laciniate, subcortically albo-maculate, effuse, crowded, ascending, tubuloso-injlated or fornicate at the apices, margins albo-fibrilloso-ciliate. On trees and stones. 1724. Syn :—Scop. Carn. 1406. (1760.) Ach. Syn. 221. Nyl. Syn. 426. Fie :—E. Bot. 1351. Exs :—Scher. 352. Mudd 78. M. & N. 450a. Hepp 879. AnziIt. S. 119. Bohl. 20. Gxroc. Distais :—EKurope. Bort. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8...10, 11...14...19, 20...26...31. ENGLAND :—Ulting near Maldon! Mr. Piggott, Twycross! Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. near Ayton! and Stokesley! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Holy Island, Northumberland. Mr, Winch. Ide, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton, Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford. Dr. Sibthorp. Swinnop, East Allen- dale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson, Guestling, Sussex. Rev. EZ. N. Bloom- field. Haughmond Hill! #Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScorLaNnD :—On branches of trees. Sir W. J. Hooker. Swanston Wood ; Pent- land Hills. Dr. Greville. TRELAND :—Great Island, Cork! Ballynagarde, Limerick. Mr. Carroll. S. side Kylemore Lake. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llandrindod! Rev. T. Salwey. Borth! Cardiganshire! Y Figle- fawr! near Barmouth. Castell Diganwy ! CHaAnneEL Istanps :—Guernsey ! Rev. T. Salwey. Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. cesia, (Hffm.) whitish or albo-glaucescent, or albo-ceesious, stellato-orbicular, multifido-laciniate, lacinize narrow, convex, con- tiguous, subcortically albo-maculate, aspersed with ccesious or aibo- ceestous pulvinate soredia. On trees, &e. 1793. aa :-—Hfim. Enum. 65. (1784.)Ach. Syn. 216. Nyl. Syn. 426. Mudd Man. Fic :—E. Bot. 1052, Hffm. En. t, 12.2.1. Pl. L.t. 8 £1. Exs :—Anzi It. S. 121. Scher. 348. 347. M. & N. 447. Anzi Langob. 312, Leight. 323. Rabh. 930. Groc. Distris :—Europe, N. America. Bort. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...7...11...14, 15, 16...(19—30)...31. ENGLAND :—Burgh and Bradwell, Suffolk ; and Acle, Norfolk. Mr. Turner. Richmond House, Richmond Park, Mr. Sowerby. Penzance! Rev. 7. Salwey. Gainford ; Fawdon Slate, Durham; West Dipton near Hexham, Northumber- land. Mr. Winch. Malvern Hills. Dr. Holl. Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Pophills-War- wickshire. Rev. W. S. Rujfford. Swinnop, East Allendale, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Church Stretton ! Shropshire. Scortanp :—King’s Park, Edinburgh. Dr. Greville. Craig Tulloch; Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—On rocks frequent. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Blozxam. between Towyn and Craig Aderyn ! Barmouth ! CHANNEL Istanps :—Guernsey! Rev. 7. Salwey. Jersey, &e. Mr, Larbalestier. Var. sub-obscura, (Nyl.) cinerascent, similar to cesta, but without soredia. Locatit1Es :—On granite rocks, La Moye! Jersey. Leanane! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Var. fimbriatula, (Strtn.) Similar to P. tenella, but with longer narrower laciniz and generally albo-sorediate extremities, fibrilloso- ciliate on the margin, the cilize long and most frequently digitato- divided at their extremities. On rocks. 1875. Syn :—Stirtonin Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 85. (1875.) Scorianp :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton, (1875). 142 THE LICHEN-FLORA SSS medulla K purple. 16, P. endococcina, (Kbr.) glaucescent, medulla yellow-red, K purple, subcartilaginous, stellate, appressed, multifido-laciniate, epruinose, laciniz narrow, plane, linear, under surface black, sparsely fibrillose ; apothecia fuscous, black, naked, margin entire ; spores 8, griseo-fuscous, oblong, 1-septate. On rocks, rare. Syn :—Kbr. Par. 36. (1865.) Mudd Herb. Brit. Mus. see Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 1, 359. Exs :—Arn, 533. Lojka 1519. Grog. Disrrrs :— Transylvania, Bor. Prov :—10. EncGLanp :—Yorkshire, Mr. Mudd, C. thallus fuscescent, K—C—. 17. P. aquila, (Ach.) castaneofuscescent, opake, sub-orbicular, appressed, narrowly laciniate, lacinice lineari-multipartite, plane or sub-convex, stellate, umbricato-congested, under surface pale, ni- gricanti-fibrillose ; apothecia adnate, fuscous-black, margin sub- entire or crenulate ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate; medulla K—C—. On maritime rocks chiefly. 1741. Syn .— Ach. Prod. 109. (1798). Syn. 205. Nyl. Syn. 422. Mudd Man. 111. Fic :—E. Bot. 982. Hepp Sporen t. 69. f. 602. Exs :—Scher. 565. Hepp 602. M. and N. 1049. Larb. 23. Anzi Langob. 10. Welw. Lusit. 70. Mass. 87. Bohl]. 111. Leight. 144. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 28. Geroc. DistrIB :—Europe, Asia, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1.. 5, 6, 7...14, 15...18...26...30, 31. EncGianp :—Cornwall. Messrs. Turner and Sowerby. Mynydd-y-Myfyr, near Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey. Torquay. Dr. Deakin. Devon and Cornwall. Sir W. J. Hooker. Heugh, Holy Island and on Fern Islands, Northumberland. M7. Winch. Hartley Bates. Mr. Thornhill. Hudshead, Northumberland. Dr. G. Johnston. Lustleigh Cove, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. North Bovey, Hightor Downs; Blackstone rock ; Doddiscombes leigh, Devon. Messrs, Jones and Kingston. ScoTLanD :—Moncrieff Hill, near Perth. Dr. Lindsay. near Montrose. Dr. Maingay. Aberfeldy. Rev. H. Macmillan. King’s Park, Edinburgh. Rev. J. Lightfoot. Hermitage and Pentland Hills. Mr. Maughan. Twin Hill; Lundie Craigs. Mr. Gardiner. Stennis, Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. coast of Fife between Burntisland and Kirkaldy; near Granton; Cramond Island. Dr. Greville. Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Isle of May, Firth of Forth. Mr. Sadler. IRELAND :—Near Ardglass co. Down. Dr. Maingay. on maritime rocks, common. Mr. Carroll. Dawros River ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Anglesea. Rev. H. Davies. Aberdovey and near Beaumaris. Rev. A. Bloxam._ Bangor! Barmouth! Moel-y-Golfa! Cromlech, Manorbeer! Gimlet oN ida 3; Goodwick Bay! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire ; Criccieth astle + CuHanneEL Is~anbs :—Petit Port, Jersey! and all the Islands. M7. Larbales- tier. Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. ‘Spores .007 in long, by .0035 in. broad.” (Mudd). ‘Spores .0832—44 mm. long, .018—26 mm. broad.” (Nyl) ‘Spores .030- 44 mm. long, .018—25 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Trine XIII. GYROPHOREI. Characters the same as those of the only genus Umbilicaria. I. UMBILICARIA, Hofm. Thallus membranaceous, monophyllous, umbilically affixed. Apothecia simply lecideine or patellaroid, complicato-compound OF GREAT BRITAIN. 143 or gyrose. Paraphyses distinct. Sterigmata articulate, Sper- matia slender, shortly cylindrical, obtuse at both apices. 1. JU. pustulata, (Hoffm.) thallus thin, torn and lobed, papillose and naked on both sides ; upper side pale olive-green, blistered and sprinkled with fibrous glomeruli ; under side brownish, deeply fov- eolate; spores one or two, very large, oblong, pale, wrinkled or reticulated on the surface ; medulla K—C red. On rocks and stones in mountainous districts, not uncommon, 1741, Syn :—Hfim., Pl. 1. 13. (1794.) Gyrophora, Ach. Syn, 66. Nyl. Lich. Scand. 113. Leight. Brit. Umbil. 22. Mudd Man. 115. Fic :—Hffm. Pl. L. t. 28. f. 1. 2. E. Bot. 1283. Leight. Brit. Umbil. Fig. 1. Hepp Sporen t. 14. f. 118. : X8 :—Bohl. 125. Scher. 156. Hepp 118. Breutel 201. Larbal. 25. Maudon 22, Anzi Langob. 297. M. & N. 60. Welw. Lusit, 21. 32, 107. Rabh. 838. Reich. and Schub. 29. Leight. 166, Groce. Distris :—Europe, Africa, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10...12...16...19...22...31. EncGLanp :—Malvern Hills. Mr. Stokes. near Biddiston Lighthouse, Cheshire. Mr. Bradbury. near Halifax. Mr. Bolton. Dartmvor! Devonshire. (fruit). Sir W. J. Hooker. Hay Tor! on rocks in river near Two Bridges public house, Devon! Dartmoor! Mr. Borrer. Blackstone Rock, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Shaftoe Crags! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Sugar Loaf Mountain, Monmouth. Mr. Jacob. Westmoreland. Mr. Martindale. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Hightor rocks ; Scobitor rocks, near Widdecombe ; Bottor rock, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Nescliffe ! Caer Caradoc! Grinshill ! Shropshire. Scornanp :—Highland Mountains. Rev. J. Lightfoot. Loch Slichagan ! Isle of Skye. Mr, Borrer. IRELAND :—Glengariff near Bantry, (fruit). Miss Hutchins. Ireland. Dr. Taylor. Migen Head. Mr. Wright. Lough Dan co. Wicklow. Adm. Jones. WALES :—By the road from Penmorfa to Dolbenmaen, and under Keven Lees Casile, Dillenius. Old Wall, about half way between Caernarvon and Beddgel- ert. Rev. H. Davies. Nant Gwynant Vale near Snowdon. Messrs. Turner & Borrer. Moel Hebog! Mr. Borrer. Cwm Bychan near Barmouth. Rev. TZ. Salwey. Drwsycoed near Nantlle, Cardiganshire. Miss Atwood. Trefriw! Black Rock! near Criccieth. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Gorey and La Moye, Jersey; Mr. Larbalestier. near Petit Bo, Guernsey. Mr. Lukis. Consult Flora 1875 p. 303. ‘‘Spores .007 to .01 in. long, by .005 to .007 in. broad, t. 2. f. 35.” (Mudd.) “Spores .028—70 mm. long, .018—-28 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .040—70 mm. long, .018—34 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .037 mm. long, .018 mm. broad. 2. U. polyphylla, (L.) dark greenish-copper colour, thin, un- equally lubed, naked and smooth on both surfaces, under surface black ; apothecia slightly complicate ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid, simple; medulla K—C faint red. On mountainous rocks, not uncommon. 1741. wo :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. No, 55. (1753.) Nyl. Scand, 119. Leight. Br. mbil. 6. Fic :—E. Bot. 1282. Hffm. t. 59. f. 2. Leight. Br. Umbil. f. 2, Grog. DistriB :—Europe, Asia, America, Bor, Prov :--1...5...7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12...14, 15...17...19. Forma monophylla, T. & B. thallus of a single peltate leaf. Syn :—T. & B. Lich. Brit. 214. (1818.) Leight. Br. Umbil. 6. Mudd Man, 116. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 83. f, 717. Exs :—Hepp 717. M. & N. 342. (in part) Scher. 149, Leight, 65. Mudd 87. ENGLAND :—Cheshire and Cornwall. 7. & B. Lich. Brit. Yorkshire! Mr. Dixon. Ingleby and Howden Gill! Cleveland. Mv. Mudd. near Todmorden and on Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. near Newcastle. Mr. Thornhill. ney: Myfyr, near Oswestry. Rev. 7. Salwey, Abbey St. Bathans ! Weardale! Blanch- 144 THE LICHEN-FLORA land and near Hunt Hall, Teesdale. Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Cheviot ; Hedgehope ; Shaftoe and Roadley Crags near Wallington, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Eglestone, Healey Field, and Conset Park, Huntersley Peak between Wasterley Park and Hishope, Durham. Mr. Thornhill. Westmoreland; Cronkley, York- shire. My. Martindale. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Blackstone Rock, Devon. Dr._Dickie. Bidstone Hill, Cheshire. Rev. H. H. Higgins. West Alien Carrs, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Wrekin ! Arcoll! Stiperstones Hills! Caer Caradoc! Long Mynd! Shropshire. Scornanp :—Clova! Craig Koynoch! Mr. Gardiner. Ben Mac Dhui, Braemar ! Birnam Hill; Craig-y-Barns ; Dunkeld; Glen Dee. Dr. Lindsay. Aviemore ; Ben Nevis. Adm. Jones. Inchnadarnf! Sutherland. Six W, ©. Trevelyan. Braemar and Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Luggelaw. Adm Jones. Wates :—Cellfawr near Barmouth! Rev. 7. Salwey. Llyn Llydaw; Llyn Cwm y Ffynnon las; Cwm Brwynog near Llanberis. Dillenius. Glyder Vach ! Cwm Tryfaen! Cwm Bochllwyd! Pass of Llanberis! Arran Mowddwy! “Spores .003 to .0085 in. long, by .001 to .0015 in. broad, t. 2. £. 36.” (Mudd.) “Spores .013—18 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .012--18 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Forma congregata, (T. & B.) thallus small, clustered, much curled, edges erect or reflexed. Syn :—T. and B. Lich. Brit. 214. (1813). Leight. Br. Umbil. 7. Exs :—Anzi. It. 8. 79. Leight. 313. Reich. and Schub. 128. Bot. Prov:—5...7...10...12. Encianp :—Mynydd-y-Myfyr near Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. Battersby Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Ramshaw Rocks! near Warslow, Staffordshire, Rev. A. Bloxam. Maze Beck! Westmoreland. Mr. Robertson. Wrekin! Arcoll Hills ! Shropshire. Wares :—Cwm Tryfaen! Pass of Llanberis! Aran Mowddwy ! Cwm Boch- Uwyd! Glyder Vach ! The states monophylla and congregata grow together in some abundance on the Wrekin and adjoining hills, and may be seen passing into each other by every degree of gradation. Forma sulcata, (T. & B.) upper surface of thallus marked with superficial cracks. Syw :—T. and B. Lich. Brit. 214. (1813). Leight. Br. Umbil. 7. ScotLtanD :—On Ben Ferg! by Loch Ericht, Invernessshire. Mr. Borrer. Clova! Mr. G. Lawson. “ Thallus somewhat thicker than in f. monophylla, simple or more or less com- pound ; upper surface marked with a few superficial undulating indented lines, the edges of which occasionally separate so as to leave a smooth black interstice, under surface asin monophylla but more commonly blotched with the paler colour of the upper side.”—Lich. Brit. This state seems apparently a transition to hyperborea. Forma lacera, (Leight.) thallus very deeply divided, divisions lacero-lobate. Syn :—Leight. Br. Umbil. 8. Mudd Man. 116. Exs :—Hepp 718. Scornanp :—Craig Koynoch! Mr. Gardiner. Scotland! Mr. G. Lawson. Grampians. Rev. J. M, Crombie. WALES :—Bettws-y-coed ! : The mode of division of the margins of this state is different from that of the preceding ones, and assimilates to that observable in anthracina. 3. U. floceulosa, (Wulf.) greenish copper-colour, simple or clustered or squamigerous, thin, unequally lobed, edges sometimes ragged and erose, upper surface dotted and rough with sooty gran- ulations, under surface black naked pitted ; apothecia slightly com- plicate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple; medulla K—C red. , OF GREAT BRITAIN. 145 On mountainous rocks, not uncommon. ‘1785, Syn :—Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. 3. 99. ae & B. Lich. Brit. 217. Leight. Br. Umbil. 8. Nyl. Scand.119. Mudd Man. 1 Fic :—E. Bot. 2483. Hffm. Pl. L. t.. 68. a 1. Leight, Br. Umbil. fig. 4 Exs:—Anzi Langob. 60. Tt S. 81. Scher. 152. Hepp 115. M. & N. 443, Leight. 219. Grog. DISTRIB | :—Europe Bor. Prov :—1...5...8.. HO, 11...14, 15, 16. ENGLAND +—Northern Counties ! Eglestone, Durham. Rey. J. Harriman. Whitwick Rocks! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Yorkshire. Mr. Diwon. Dartmoor. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Highlands. Mr. Dickson. Corstophine and Graiglockart Hills. Dr. Greville. Ben Nevis! Ben Cruachan J) Mr. Borrer. Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ** Spores .018—27 mm. long, .007—9 . me. a » (Nyl.) Spores .015— 21 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad. > (T. M. 4. U. hyperborea, (Ach.) dark even: brown; thin, jagged, and somewhat lobed, ee perforated, naked’ on both: sides, upper surface rugoso-pustulate, under surface blackish-brown, nearly smooth, slightly lacunose ; apothecia complicate ; spores: 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks, very rare.” 1790. Syn :—Ach.. ae Vet. ‘Abad: NH. 15. p. 0. 798.) Syn. 66. Nyl. Lich. Scand. 118. are r. ne 10. Mudd Man. 1 : oe nee Leight. Br. Umbil, 7 5. aiid 5. i a. Hepp Sporen’ t. Exs Pre a 151. Hepp 116. Fellm. 90. am, = N, 1047. Anzi It. 'S. 78. Fr. 126. Rabh, Gos. Diee: © aeundips; ‘America. Bor. Prov ;—9...15...19: ENGLAND -Clougha, Laneashire., Mr. Jacob. . ScotLanp :—Scotch Mountains! Mr. Dickson in herb. Bo res By the Truim, near Dalwhinnie, Invernessshire. Mr. Brodie. Invercauld. Adm. Jones. Ben Nevis ; Tiochaber ; Morchone ; Ben Mac Dhui, Braemar: Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Brandon Mountains, Kerry. Dr. ” Moore. ‘Mr. Borrer sought for the platit’ in vain in the patticular | station specified by Mr. Brodie. “ Spores’ 008 in. long, by 20025 in. beck ” (Mudd.)''“ Spores .018—16 mth. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Ww.)' ** Spores .010~16 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Spores .009 mm. long, -0045 mm. ‘broad. ° 5. U. areticd, - (Ach,) dark greenish- -brown, thickish, slightly lobed, ¢renate, naked, upper surface granulato-corrugate, under sur- face pallescent, minutely depresso-granulate > apothecia.. complicate ; 3 spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; medulla K—C'red. | On alpine rocks, very rare. 1798. Syn :—Ach. Meth. ie (1803.) Syxi. 65, Nyl. Lich, Scand. 116. Leight. Brit, . Umbil. 11. Mudd Man. 117. t Fic ;—E. Bot. 2485. Ach. Meth. t. 2. f. 6, Leight. Br. Umb. f. 6. Exs :—Scher. 556. Th. M. Fr. . Fellm, 91. Biguyel 12. Rabh. 878. Soneft. 0. : Grog. DistRIB! Herod, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...11... . ' Ene. D: :—Rocks in a Durham ! M7; Robepn' in | herd. _Biyer! : ScottAND :-Lochnagar. Dr, Lindsay. Ben Moret in | Breadalbane 3 : ‘Morrone ‘fn Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 6. U. erosa, (Web.) greenish- -brown, “aeiaitahe “splitting akon old into two or threé lamince, jagged and somewhat lobed, perfora-. ted, upper surface naked, divided by flexuose anastomosing black or te 4 uy 146 THE LICHEN-FLORA indented lines, with convex areole, under side paler, coarsely papil- lose, separately perforated, laciniato-jibrillose ; apothecia complicate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks, frequent. 1741. Syn :— Web. Spicil. 259. (1778.) Ach. Syn. 65. Nyl. Lich. Scand. 118. Leight. Br. Umbil. 12. Mudd Man. 117. Fie :—E. Bot. 2066. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 70. Leight. Br. Umbil. fig. 7. Exs :— Tuck. 48. M. & N. 250. Scher. 153. Bohl. 19. Reich. and Schub. 129. Geog. DistRiB :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...10, 11 ..15...19...23...26. ENGLAND :--St. Vincents Rocks near Bristol. Mr. Hudson. Durham ; York- shire. Sir J. E. Smith. Birkdale, Westmoreland! Mr. Robertson. Dartmoor! Mr. Borrer. Swinhope Fell, Durham! Mr. Mudd. Stansfield Moor near Halifax. Mr. Brunton. Huntersley Peak, north west of Waskerley Park; Blackburn near Eglestone, Durham; Cronkley Fell; Cheviot and Hedgehope, Northum- berland, Mr. Winch. Tors about Dartmoor. Rev. Mr. Newberry. ScotLanD :—Highlands. Rev. J. Lightfoot. Vitrified forts in the Highlands. Sir J. E. Smith. Corry Leese, Ben Nevis! Mr. Borrer. Ben Beek! Craig Koynoc! Mr, Gardiner. Clova! Mr. Lawson. Aviemore, Adm. Jones. Loch- nagar. Dr. Lindsay. Ben Lawers. Dr. Maingay. Inchnadamff! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TrELAND :—Mangerton and other Mountains. Dr. Taylor. Slieveleor, Mayo. Dr. Moore. Luggelaw. Adm. Jones. summit of Doughruagh! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llanberis. Rev. Hugh Davies. North Wales. Sir J. E. Smith. Capel Curig! Mr. H. Piggot. Cellfawr near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Cwm Tryfaen ! Cwm Bochlwyd ! Cwm Ffynnon lloer! and Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! “* Spores .003 in. long, by .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd) ‘‘ Spores .011—12 mm. long, .007 mm. broad,” (Vyl.) 7. U. polyrhiza, (L) greenish-copper colour, smooth, thin, un- equally lobed and crenate, under surface black, papilloso-granulate, reticulated, fibrilloso-pannose ; apothecia gyroso-complicate ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, simple ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl, ed. 1. No. 56. 1753). Nyl. Scand. 120. @ pellita, Ach. Syn. 67. Leight. Br. Umbil. 14. Mudd Man. 119. Fra :—E. Bot. 931. Hffm, Pl. L. t. 26. f. 3. Leight, Br. Umbil. fig. 11. Exs :—M. and N. 343. Mudd 89. Rabh. 811. Grog. DIstRIB:—Europe, Asia. Bot. Prov :—1...7...9, 10, 11, 12...15...17.. 22. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire. Mr. Brunton. Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Cheshire. Messrs. Turner and Borrer. Cronkley. Mr. Robertson. near Lake Tumanel ! Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger. Baysdale Moor ; Highcliff ; Ayton Moor ! Cleveland. Mr Mudd. Shaftoe Crags, Hedgehope, Cheviot, and Hexham Fell, Northum- perland; Mugglewick Fell, Cronkley Fell, Durham. Mr. Winch. Dartmoor. Dr. Hoil. Blackstone rock ; Hightor Downs, Devon. Messrs. Jones and King- ston. ScorLanD :—Highlands and Lowlands. Rev. J. Lightfoot. Clarlis Park and Paradise near Moneymusk, Aberdeenshire. Withering. Loch Phadrick! Craig Koynoch: Clova. Mr, Gardiner. Ben Ferrog! Llyn Canvay! Mr, Borrer. Clova! Mr. Lawson. Callernish, Lewis ; Birnham Hill, Dunkeld ; Lochnagar ; between Persie and Spittal of Glenshee ; Amulree. Dr. Lindsay. Penmanshiel ! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. Glen Callater and Glen Dee in Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Teagh! Rosshire. Mr. Howie. JRELAND :—Tonlagee, co. Wicklow. Dr. Taylor. Wass :—Llyn Llydaw, Snowdon; Llyn Cwm y Ffynnon las ; Cwm B: og towards Arddu near Llanberis. Dillenius. Carnedd Llewelyn ; Moel Siabod; Mr. Griffith, Cwm Bychan, Barmouth ! Rev. T. Salwey. Cwm Ffynnon Loer! Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy! “Spores .0035 in. long, by .001 to .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘* Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .008—11 mm. long, 004—5 mm. broad.” (2. M. Fr.) OF GREAT BRITAIN, 147 Var. luxurians, Ach. polyphyllous, complicate, deeply incised & laciniate. On alpine rocks. Sry :—Gyrophora pellita var. lucurians, Ach. L. U. p. 228, Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 1p. 359. ScorLanp :-—Highlands. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 8. U. grisea, (Sw.) ashy-grey or mouse-coloured, thin, somewhat lobed, crenate, minutely areolato-papillate, under surface blackish, naked, minutely granulato-areolate or scabrid, granules pale as if rubbed ; apothecia gyrose ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; medulla K—C red. On maritime rocks, very rare. 1866. Syy:—Swartz in Westr. Forsch. &c. 52. (1723.) Leight. Br. Umbil. 16. G. murina, Ach. Syn, 69. Nyl. Scand. 116. Mudd Man. 120. Fic :—E. Bot. 2486. Chev. Paris. t. 14. f. 11. c. Leight. Br. Umbil. f. 14. Exs: —M. & N. 736. Nyl. 130. Groc. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IstAnps :—Beauport! East Coast of Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, My -001—.015 mm. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .014—18 mm. long .008—.010 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 9. U. proboscidea, (L) cinereo-nigrescent, thin, crenate, slightly lobed, pale pruinose, grey in the centre where it is marked with elevated, reticulated veins, the other portion rugose, under surface smooth, cinereo-pallescent ; apothecia gyroso-plicate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks, frequent. 1741. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1150. Ach. Prod. 147. (1798.) Syn. 64. Nyl. Scand. 116. deusta, Leight. Br. Umbil. 17. 18.19. Mudd Man. 118. Fic :—E. Bot. 2484. Leight. Br. Umbil. fig. 15. Exs :—Scher. 148. Anzi It. 8. 77. Fr. 128. Tuck. 49. Grog. Distr1B:—Europe, Asia, America. Bot. Prov :—1.. 5...7...11...15...19...22, ENGLAND :—St. Vincents Rocks. Mr. Dare. North of England. Sir J. E. Smith. summit of Hedgehope! Northumberland! Dr. G Johnston. Cheviot ; Shaftoe Craigs, near Wallington, Northumberland; High Force and Cronkley Fell, Teesdale, Harewood, Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout, Durham. Mr. Winch. Blackstone Rock, Devon. Mr. Ralfs. Swinhope Fell, Durham. Mr.Mudd. Tors of Dartmoor. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Scotianp :—Highland Rocks. Rev. J. Lightfoot. Ben Lawers! Mr. Borrer. Lochnagar! Hills east of Glen Callater! Ben Nevis! Dr. Lindsay. Irexanp :—Brandon, co. Kerry. Miss Hutchins. Wats :—Rocks. Sir J. £. Smith. Cwm Tryfaen! “ Spores ,0085 to .004 in. long, by .015 to .00175 in. broad.” (Mudd. ) “ Spores .012—18 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (Myl.) ‘‘Spores .011—18 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (2. M. Fr.) forma fimbriata, (T. & B.) thallus edged with a few black branched tooth-like fibres ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks. Syn :—Turn. and Borr. Lich. Brit. 222. (1839.) Leight. Br. Umbil. 18. Mudd Man. 118. Exs :—M. & N. 249. ENGLAND :—Swinhope Fell! Durham. Mr. Mudd. ScotLanD :—Highlands ; Mr. Borrer. between Glen Callater and Lochnagar ! Mr. Tatham, Clova! Loch Phadrick! Mr. Gardiner. Inchnadamff! Sir W. C. Trevelyan. 148 THE LICHEN-FLORA TRELAND :—Glenmalure! co. Wicklow. Mr. Carroll. 3 : Similar in substance, colour, and every other respect except in having the edges of the thallus here and there toothed and fringed with a few scattered black branching fibres. There are also occasionally a few fibres sprinkled over the underside. forma corrugata, (Hoffm.) thallus thin, rough with elevated reti- culations ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks. Syn—Hoffm. ‘Pl. Lich. 65. (1794.) T. & B. Lich. Brit. 222. Leight. Br. Unmbil, 18. Mudd Man. 118, Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. L. t. 43. f. 4. 7. ‘ScorLanp :—Highlands! Mr. Borrer. Similar in all respects, except in its upper surface having extremely promi- nent reticulations, rising to nearly a line in height, and looking like a series of erect curled squame. forma mesenteriformis, (Wulf.) thallus thickish, upper surface rough with elevated reticulations and somewhat papillose ; medulla K—C red. On alpine rocks Syn :—Wulfen in Jacq. Misc. 2. 85. (1781.) T. and B. Lich. Brit. 222. Leight. Br. Umbil. 19. Mudd Man. 118. Fie :—Jacq. Mise. t. 9. f. 5. Exs :—Scher. 147. ScoTLAND ee Mr. Borver. : Upper surface of the thallus singularly rugose, almost papillose. The reticu- lations nearly as prominent as in f. corrugata, and sometimes growing out into Jeaves : substance considerably thicker than in the other state. 10. U. cylindrica, (L.) dull greenish-brown, or cinerascent, thickish, unequally lobed, margins nigro-jfibrilloso-ciliate, upper surface rugulose, under surface paillescent, more or less fibrillose ; apothecia concentrico-gyrose, podicellate ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid, simple ; medulla K—C—. On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1144. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 65. Nyl. Scand. 117. pro- boscidea, Leight. Br. Umbil. 19. Mudd Man. 118. Pel Fic :—E. Bot. 522. (two upper fig.). Hffm. Pl. L, t. 44. f. 1-6. Leight. Br. Umbil. fig. 16. 17. 18. : Exs :—Scher, 143. 146. Mudd 88. Zw. 206. Hepp 719. in part. Anzi It. S. 74. M. and N. 59. Breutel 113. Leight. 95. Groc. DistriB:—Europe, America, N. Holland. Bor. Prov :—1...7...10, 11, 12...15, 16...18, 19...25, 26. ENGLAND :—Dartmoor. Mr. Newberry. North of England. Sir J. E, Smith. Cheviots. Mr. Winch. summit of Hedgehope, Northumberland. Dr. G. John- ston. Birkdale! Westmoreland. Mfr. Robertson. Scawfell! Mrs Stanger. York- shire. Mr. Dixon. Falcon Clints! Teesdale. Mr. Mudd. Fairfield, Westmore- land. Mr. Martindale. Crockern Tor, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. ScotLanD :—Goatfield, Isle of Arran; Breadalbane; Ben Nevis. Rev. J. Lightfoot. Loch Phadrick! Stroine-dhu ! Summit of Carlowrie! Mr. Gardiner. Clova! Mr. Lawson. Morchone! Ben Mac Dhui! Dr. Lindsay. Long Island. Prof, Balfour. j IRELAND :—Connavalla. Dr. Whitley Stokes. Mangerton. Dr. 7: . OD mountain rocks, frequent. Mr. Carroll. summit of Doughruagh ! és, Galway: eee ie Liane eG fynn rwyn ALES :—Llyn Llydaw! Llyn Cwm y F: on las; Cwm B og, ne; Lianberis ; Berwyns. Dillenius. Carned Llewelyn. Mr. Griffith. Asean ila lrg ne TO ee aa aye. Snowdon Lian bers ascent ! Cwm aen! Cwm Bochlwyd! on Hoer!. Cwm non Llugwy ! Arran Mowddwy! Crib Coch ! , : pre “Spores .003 in. long, by.0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .010—14 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) *‘Spores .012—16 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 149 ' forma dentéicilata, (Ach.) margins of thallus coarsely fringed and toothed ; medula K—C—., On alpine rocks. Syw :—Ach. Meth. 107. (1803:) Leight, Br. Umbil. 21. Mudd Man. 119, ° yc :—E. Bot. cov {two lower fig.) Dill. t. 29. f. 116. B. . Exs :—Scher. 1 . ScotLanD Loch Phadrick ! Ben-na-Bourd! Mr. Gardiner. Clova! Mr. Laaws¢ Teens Balance 1 co. ‘Tipperary. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Arran Mowddwy! Mr. Borrer. In all respects similar, except that.the marginal fibres are coarser and larger, and more evidently a prolongation.of the thallus. forma, denudata, (T. & B.) margins of thallus almost naked; medulla K—C—. On alpine rocks. ue and Borr. Lich. Brit. 219. (1813.) Leight. Br. Umbil. 21. Muda an. pee ee = t. 44. £. 7. Exs.:—Scher. 1 ENGLAND races Clints | Westmoreland Mountains ! Mr. Hoag Scotuanp :—Highlands. Messrs. Turner & Borrer. Wates :—Summit of Glyders! Mr. Borrer. forma exasper ata, (T. & B.} thallus polyphyllous, ragged, upper surface rugose, margins undulate and crisped, medulla K—C—. On alpine rocks. Syv:—Turn, & Borr, Lich. Brit, 219. (1813.) Leight. Br. Umbil. 22. Mudd Man. 119. ENne@LanpD :—Durham. M7. Robson. ScotLanD :—Clova! Mr. G. Lawson. Remarkably curled and undulated, and divided into numerous small irregular lacinie ; upper surface remarkably rough. SERIES V. PLACODEI. Thallus crustaceous, squamose, radiate, granulose, powdery or evanescent. Apothecia lecanorine or lecideine, or biatorine or lirelliform. ‘Tring XIV. LECANOREI. Thallus various. Apothecia lecanorine or sub-lecanorine or pseudo -biatorine, Suzs-trizz I. PSOROMEI. Thallus variously squamulose, in texture conspicuously cellulose, gonidia distinct large. Apothecia lecanorine. Spores 8, colourless, large and simple. Paraphyses distinct. Spermogonia with. arthro- sterigmata. I. PSOROMA, #7. pr. p. Nyl. Thallus variously squamulose, cellulose, gonidia distinct, large. Apothecia lecanorine, margin crenate. Spores 8, colourless, large, ellipsoid, simple. Paraphyses distinct. Sterigmata pluri-articulate. 1. P.,hypnorum, (Vahl.) flavido-fuscescent or brownish-yellow, ‘squamaloso-granilate, squamulz crenate or sub-granulose; apo 150 THE LICHEN-FLORA thecia rufous or fuscescent, moderately large, margin elevated granuloso-crenate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, apices rather acute, sub-crenulate. , On mosses or earth, not common. 1793. Syn :—Vahl. in Fl. Dan. 6. ¢. 956. (1787.) Ach. Syn. 193, Nyl. Scand, 121. Mudd Man. 124. Fic :—E. Bot. 740. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 63. f. 4—7. Exs :—Scher. 546. Tuck. 20. Fr. 162. 339. Anzi Langob, 64. and 65, Larbal. 70. Fellm. 94. Reich. and Schub. 103. Groce. DistrB :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...11, 12, 18, 14, 15...19...30, 31. EncianD:—Ludlow, Shropshire. Dr. Babington. Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. Castleton ! Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger. Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. near Brighton, Sussex. Mr. Hemmings. Hay Crag Wood; Eglestone and Middleton ; Teesdale Forest, Durham; Gun- nerston Crags near Barwesford ; Shewing Shields; Cheviot, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Shoreham, Sussex. Mr, Larbalestier. Malvern. Dr. Holl. Cowley Bridge road, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. ScornanD :—Rosslyn Wood. Mr. Maughan, Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Glen Dole, Clova. Mr. Gardiner. Beld Craig, Moffatt. Dr. Nichol. Killin ; Ben Lawers, Dr. Holl. Var. deaurata, Ach. (thallo magis flavescente et apo- theciis majoribus) near Corriemulzie in Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TreLanp :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. near Killarney. Dr. Taylor. near Carnlough, co. Antrim. Adm. Jones. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Grosnez, Jersey ; Eperquerie, Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .004 to .006 in long, by .00175 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .016—21 mm. long, .008—.011 mm, broad.” (2y/.). Sup-trise I]. PANNARIEI. Thallus laciniato-radiate or squamulose or granulose, cellulose, with granula gonima. Apothecia lecanorine or biatorine. Spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple or l-septate. Sterigmata pluri- articulate. II, PANNARIA. Del. Characters as above. A. Spores simple. 1. P. rubiginosa, (Thunb.) livido-glaucescent or pale, laciniate, laciniee appressed, nearly plane, inciso-lobulate and crenate, upper surface very minutely areolato-granulate, edges somewhat thickened, stlvery-whitish and upturned, under surface tomentose, ceruleo- fuscescent ; apothecia rufous, margin crenulate ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, apices rather acute, simple. On mossy rocks and trees. 1801. won ap naar Fl. Cap. 176. (1794.) Ach. Syn. 202, NyL. Scand. 122. Mudd an, 122. Fic :—E. Bot. 983. Hepp Sporen t. 69 f. 606. Exs :—Scher. 563. Hepp 606. Welw. Lusit. 78. 123. Maudon 15. Leight. 234. Groc. Distr :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2.. 5...7...10, 11, 12, 18...15...19 26...31. ENGLAND —Keswick, Cumberland. Afis. Stanger. Teesdale. Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. near Settle. Yorkshire. Dr. Windsor. Hay Coppice, Herefordshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Charnberry and Eglestone Woods, Durham. Afr. Winch. 8. Devon. Dr. Holl. Appuldercombe, Isle of Wight. Rev. A. Bloxam. BoarnayD ee oe Dr. staingay, ae Janrig Wood, Dumfries. Mr. Stevens. Glen Dole, Clova. Mr. Gardiner. Killin. Dr. Holl. S. W. i head of Loch Awe. Rev. J. M. Crombie. erat, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 151 TreLanp :—Killarney. Dr, Carrington. frequent in the mountainous districts. Mr. Carroll. Glendalough ! Derryclare Island! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. Waters : -Barmouth! Valley above Halfway House; and above Borthwnog, Rev. T. Salwey. Cuanneu IsLanps :—Jerbourg, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0035 to .004 in. long, by .0015 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .017—25 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad,” (yl) Var. cceruleo-badia, (Schleich.) centre of thallus and margins cesio-pulverulento-sorediose. On trees. Syn :—Schleicher Cent. 2. 71. (1805.) P, conoplea, Ach. Syn. 43, Nyl. Scand. 122. Mudd Man. 122. Fie :—Mass. Ric. fig. 219. Hepp Sporen t. 69 f. 607. Exs :—Scher. 369. Hepp 607. Zw. 253. Anzi It. 8. 151. M. and N. 347, Grog. Distr1B :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—5...7...12...15...(19—26—30)...31. EncLanp :—Keswick, Cumberland. dfs. Stanger. Oswestry, Shropshire ! Rev. T. Salwey. ScortanD :—Tressachs. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TrELAND :—On rocks not unfrequent. Mr. Carroll. Derryclare Island! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Valley above Halfway House; and above Borthwnog near Bar- mouth, Rev. T. Salwey, Dolgelley! Glyn, near Capel Curig! Drwsynant! Capel Arthog! Llyn Gwernan ! CHANNEL IsLANDs ;—Jerbourg, Guernsey; Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 3. BP. leucolepis, (WhInb.) albo or Livido-cinerascent, squamulose, squamule imbricate verrucoso-areolate in the centre, those towards the circumference appressed, radiato-lobate, dilated, sub-crenate, slightly longitudinally striated, apothecia black, plane, margin tumid, crenwlate , spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On micaceous rocks, rare. 1811. oe et FL Lapp. 420. Ach. Syn. 194. Nyl. Scand. 128. Mudd Man. Fie :—E. Bot. 2283. Exs :—Leight. 267. Anzi Langob. 27, Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—~15...26. Scotnanp :—Ben Lawers! and Mael Greadha. Mr. Borrer. Messrs. Mac- millan ! Carroll! and Jones. Breadalbane Mountains. Messrs. Borrer & Hooker. IRELAND :—Dawros river! co. Galway. IM. Larbalestier. “ Spores .003 to .004 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .015 —17 mm. long, .009—.010—mm. broad.” (WNyl.) 4. P. pezizoides, (Web.) brown, cervine or cinereo-fuscescent, granulato-squamulose, densely imbricate, squamule small crenate ; apothecia testaceo-rufous or rufo-fuscescent, margin crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On the earth amongst moss and on rocks, frequent. Syn —Web. Spicil. 200. (1778.) brunnea, Ach. Syn, 193, Nyl. Scand. 123. Mudd Man, 123. Fic :— E. Bot, Suppl. 2801. : Exs :—Fellm. 96. Scher. 160, M. and N. 639, Mass. 315. Mudd 90. Anzi It, S, 152. Fries 256. Grog. DisTRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov:—2, 3...7...10...12...15...19...26...31. EncLanp :- Holwick Scar, Yorkshire. Mr. Robertson. Cumberland! Mrs. Stanger. near Battersby ! Baysdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Heavitree, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. near Bonchurch, Isle of Wight. Rev. A. Bloxam. 152 “THE LICHEN:FLORA ScotLanD :—Kenmore; Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. abundant in the Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. -TRELAND :—Bantry. Miss’ Hutchins. -Cromaglan: ‘Dr. Carrington.’ ‘Lough Inagh, Connemara (on decayed holly). Mr. Larbatestier. (1875,) ALES -—~-Cwm B Bychan near Barmouth ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Tygwyn, Dolgelley. Dr. Holl, Cwm Cywion ! CHANNEL IsLanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. ‘* Spores ,005 to .006 in. long, by 002 to .00225 in. broad.” (Mudd). gree 016—27 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” -¥¢. = ) Spores .023—~.0235 mm long, .011 mm. broad, ‘Var. coronata, (Ach.) wabillen ein’, minutely gramaloso- ibe pulverulent ; apothecia small, reddish- brown, margin granulose.. _On-the earth in mossy shady places, frequent. . 1796, ‘Sry »— Ach, Syn. 194. (1817.) Nyl. Scand: 2. Mudd Mam, 124. Fic ;—E. Bot. 1246. est ith we fxs. —Ladbak 26. Leitht. 935. ‘Anni Tt. 153.. ae i Grog. DistRrs : :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—1...5...7.. TL 12,.18, 14, 15...19:..31.. Eneranp Near High: Hesket, Cumberland: Mrs: Stanger. Shropshire: Rev. E. Williams. South bank of the Derwent above Blanchland, Northumberland; Howns Wood near Lanchester and in Teesdale Forest, Durham. Mr. Winch, Malvern; S. Devon and Cornwall. Dr. Holl. Budleigh *Salterton, Devon, Dr. Dickie. ~ SCOTLAND ;-~Dumftiesshire. Dr. Burgess. near Stirling, Dr. Buchannan, Pent- land Hills. Mr. Maughan. Colinton. Dr. Greville. Killin. Dr. Holl. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Par aa ie Dr. Carrington. fequent 4 in subalpine sitvations, Mr. arrol WALES :—Bangor. Mr. Turner. Barmouth! Gwydir! , CuanneL Isuanps :—Guernsey. Rev. T.Salwey. Jersey.. Mr. Larbalestier. : “ Spores .004 in. long, by “0018 in. broad.” (Mudd.)~ Spores .019—.020 mm. long, .008—.009 mm. ‘broad. 2 5. P. microphylla, (Sw.) cervine or livido-cinerascent, squamu- loso-crustaceous, areolato-difract, squamule minute, crenate, closely imbricate, whitish at the edges, under surface nigricant ; apothecia fuscous or rufescent, ‘convex, pale within, margin ultimately oblite- rated ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees and rocks, very rare. 1799. Syn :—Swartz in V. Ac. H. 301. (1791.) Ach. Syn. 53, Nyl. Scand. 124. Mudd Man. 123, Fic :—E. Bot. 1247. Hep pp Sporen §. 69. £. 608, Jexs :—Zw. 388, Anzi It. 8.150. Scher. 161. Hepp 608. Larbal. 71. Geroe. Dist. a pe Africa, N. America. Bot. Prov :— 26... ENGLAND : Goad: "Yarnouth, Mr, Turner. ERELAND :—Killarney. "Dr. Moore. Dawros river ! co, Galway. Mr. ‘Larbales- tier. CuanneL Istanps :—Jerbourg, Guernsey ; Rozel Tower, Jersey ; L’Eper- querie, Sark! Mr. Larbalestier, “Spores .008 to .0035 in. long, by .001 to .0015 in broad.” (Mudd.) ‘ Spores -010—17 mm. long, .005—1 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .015—.016 mm. long, -007—009 mm. broad. 6. P. triptophylla, (Ach.) fusco-cinerascent, squamulose, orbicular or irregular, squamule membranaceous, laciniato- lobate, crenate, appressed or microlepideo-granulose or corallordeo-squamulose, com- pact, areolato-diffract, hypothallus ceruleo-nigricant ; apothecia fuscous or rufo fuscescent, hypothecium fusco-nigricant, margin pale, persistent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea blue with iodine, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 153 On trees, rare. 1799. Bee, poe Syw :—Ach. L. U. 215. (1810.) Syn, 53. Nyl. Scand. 125. Mudd Man; 123. Fig :—E. Bot. 2128, Schrad. t. 1. f. 4. Hepp Sporen t. 69 f, 610. -: Exs .—Fellm. 98. 99. Scher. 159, Hepp 610. M. &N, 552. Grog. DistrrB :—Europe, N. America. Bort, Prov :—1, 2...5...7...15, 16, 17...19...80. EneLanpD :—Bodmin. Mr. Turner. Sussex. Mr. Hemmings. Pentregaer near Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey, near Lidford, 8, Devon. Dr. Holl. Scornanp :—Loch Katrine. Mr. Turner. Inverary ! and Glen Ach-na-shilloch,, Rosshire, Messrs. Borrer & Hooker. Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Iretanp :—County of Antrim. Dr. Taylor. Curraghmore, Waterford, and Glengariff, Cork ; Cromaglown, Killarney. 4dm. Jones: Turk Mountains; and Dinis Island ; Glenbower Wood, Killeagh, Mr, Carroil., ae Peer re eee ALES,:—Barmouth ! Rev. T. Salwey. Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Gwydir ‘Woods! Bettws-y-coed. ; : er Redes “ Spores .003 to .004 in. long, by .00125 to .0015in.' broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores -012—19 mm, long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spotes .017—.020 mm. long, -007—.008 mm. broad. forma nigricans, (Leight.) thalius intensely black ; apothecia rufo- fuscescent, margin pale persistent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. ~ On ash trees, rare. 1876. Bor, Prov :—7. _Wates :—Llyn Gwernan ! (1876.) Spores .0235 mm long, .0095 mm. broad. 7. P. lasiella, (Stirt.) dark or nigricanti-virescent, microlepideo- squamulose or minutely coralloideo-yranulose, thickish ; hypothallus black, thick, spongioso-context, with radicles ; apothecia black, leci- deine or sometimes darkly rufous, round or flexwose, innato-sessile, plane, acutely margined; spores colourless, ellipsoid or fusiformi- ellipsoid, simple, epispores somewhat crenulate ; paraphyses distinct, articulate, the black apices conglutinate ; hypotheciwm fuscescent or in a thickish section fuscous or fuscous-black. On Hepatice (Frullanie), rare. 1877. iy Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 164, (1877.) ' : i bey Bor. Prov :—17. : Scotian :—Near Garve. Dr. Stirton. (1877.) ‘ “Spores .014—,018 mm, long, .007—.009 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue, then vinous-red or vinous-fulvescent. Intermediate between P. tripto- phylla and P. nigra, but nearer the former. ” (Stirt.) 8. P. nebulosa, (Hffm.) cinereous or darkly ca@sio-cinerascent, granulato-crustose, granules thin, imbricato-congested, crenate, forming a thin crust ; apothecia, biatorine, rufous or rufo-fuscescent, small, plane or slightly convex and crowned with the thallus ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, simple. - On the earth, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Hffm. Fl. Germ. 166. (1795.) Nyl. Scand. 125. Exs :—Nyl. 114. Groce. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15...31. ; Scottanp :—Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. | ; CHANNEL ISLANDS :— Trinity and Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .015—24 mm. long, .006—9 mm. broad.” (yl. ) f. coronata, (Flk.) apothecia lecanoroid, crowned with a granu- lose thalline margin, spores ellipsoid. On the earth, rare. 1876. , 154 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 125, Exs :—Flk. D. L, 151. Grog. Distr1B :— Europe. Bor. Prov :—26, JTRELAND :—South side Killery Bay! Lettermore! Galway. M7. Larbalestier. (1876. ) Spores .027. mm. long, .011 mm. broad. 9. P. plumbea, (Lightf.) livido-cinerascent, submonophyllous, orbicular, adnate, frequently granuloso-rugose in the centre, radiato- incised, lacinia longtitudinally radiato-plicato-rugose or striated, con- centrically arcuato-rugulose towards the margins, which are broadly expanded and crenate, hypothallus dark, plumbeo-ccerulescent, tomen- toso-filamentose ; apothecia reddish-brown, plane, margin paler, entire ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees, rare. 1777. Syn: -Ligbtfoot Fl, Scot. 2. 826. (1777.) Ach. Syn. 202. Coccocarpia, Nyl. Scand. 128. Mudd Man. 121. Fic :—Lightfoot Fl. Scot. t. 26. Exs :—M. & N. 939. Maudon 14. Scher. 564. Larbal. 72. Leight. 233, Geroc. Distrip :—Europe, N. Africa. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...6, 7...11, 12, 13...15...19, 20...26...31. ENGLAND :—Keswick ! Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger. near Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Sussex. Mr. J. Hemmings. near Bodmin and Liskeard. Messrs. Turner and Sowerby. Healey-field and Middleton-in-Teesdale, Durham. Mr, Winch. S. Devon and Cornwall. Dr, Holl, Appuldercombe, Isle of Wight. Rev. A. Bloxam. ScorLanD :—Fall of Foyers, Caledonian Canal; Glen Nevis, Lochaber ; Loch- Lomond between Tarbet and Arrochar! Dr. Lindsay. Drumlanrig ; Barntim- erm Linn, Moffatt. Dr. Burgess. Birks of Aberfeldy. Mr. Macmillan. Glen Patloch ; Killin. Dr. Holl. Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TrELAND :—Killarney; Gougaunebarra; Cork; &c. Mr. Carroll. Mucross; Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Derryclare Island! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wars :—Near Beaumaris! Rev. A. Blocam. Cardiganshire. Sir J. EF. Smith. Gwydir Woods ! Bettws-y-coed ! CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Guernsey. Rev. 7. Salwey. Alderney ; La Coupe, Jersey ; Crévichou! Mr. Larbalestier. ‘* Spores .003 to .004in. long, by .001 to .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .014—22 mm, long, .007—9 .mm broad. (Wzl.) f. myriocarpa, (Del.) centre of thallus granuloso-rugose or micro- phylline. On trees, frequent. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 128. Exs :—Crombie 57, Desmaz. Cr. Fr. ed. 1. 1938, ed. 2. 1588, Larb. 72. Maud. 14. Anzi Etr. 11. Bor. Prov :—7...31. Wates :—Beaumaris! Rev. A. Bloxam. CHANNEL IsLanps :— Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. B. Spores 1-septate. 10. P. nigra, (Huds.) dark cinereo-nigricant or fuscous-black or black, minutely and densely coralloideo-granuloso-crustaceous, diffracto- areolate, bounded by an expanded distinct bluish-black byssoid hypothallus ; apothecia black, plane or slightly convex, margin entire, concolorous, hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, 1-septate, cells nucleolate. On calcareous rocks. 1778. Syw :—Hudson Fl, Angl. ed. 2. 524. (1778) Nyl. Scand. 126. Collema, Ach. Syn. 308, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 155 Fia :—E. Bot, 1161. Nyl. Scand. fig. 2. b. Exs :—Scheer.. 226. Mass, 354. Mudd 144. Anzi It. S. 9. Hepp 9. Gtoc. Dista1e :—Europe, Africa, N. America, New Zealand. Bor. Prov :—1, 2.. 5...7, 8...10, 11...15...26 ..28.. 30, 31. Enevanp ;—St. Ives, Cornwall. Mr. Hudson. Kirkby Lensdale, Westmore- land. Sir J. #. Smith. Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Worthing, Sussex ; Oswes- try! Rev. T. Salwey. Bridge near Upton on-Severn. Mr. E. Lees. Bilsdale ! Rivaulx; near Yarm; near Stanhope, Durham. Mr. Mudd. Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. Hudshead; Old Castle, Berwick-on-Tweed. Dr. Johnston. Cleadon and Boldon Hills; Gateshead Fell and near Eglestone, Durham. Scotswood and Heaton Denes, and Heddon-on-Walls, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Malvern; 8. Devon; Derbyshire. Dr. Holl. Exmouth, Torquay. Mr. Piggott. Edgock, Worcestershire ; Oversley Bridge, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. Guestling, Sussex ; Bury, Suffolk. Rev. E. NW. Bloomfield. Old Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Lianyblodwel rocks! Norton Camp! High Rock near Bridgnorth ! Shropshire ; Breedon Hill! Leicestershire ; Llanymynech Hill! ScortLanpD :—Ben Lawers, Dr. Holl. Crombie En. 43. mentions a var. trisep- tat1, Nyl. sporis 3-septatis, as occurring in Appin. IRELAND :—Armagh. Adm. Jones. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. common on limestone rocks. Mr. Carroll. Glamorbol! Mr. Larbalesticr, Wats :—Denbighshire. Mr. Griffith. Eglwyseg rocks! CHANNEL TSLANDs ‘:—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spe os .011--16 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores ,0125 -.0155 nun. lony, .00.3—.006 mm. broad. 11. 2°. cheile+, (Nyl.) greyish or olive-brown, squanvulose, squamulee corti yinods, toinute, rounded and turgid, dilated, Hepp | poren t. 21. f, 192, Exs: —Fellm. 133, Hepp 192. Grog. Distr1B :—East Lapland, Bor. Prov :—15. Scottanp :—(f. obscurior, Nyl.) Killin & Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ae .007—.010 mm. long, .0030—.0035 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 23. L. atra, (Huds.) whitish or albido-cinerascent, granulose, or granulato-unequal ; apothecia black, internally nigricant, thalline margin entire, flexuose or sub-crenulate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; section of apothecium K black, thallus K yellow C yellow. On rocks and trees, frequent. 1762. Syn :—Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 1. 445. (1762.) Ach. Syn. 146. Nyl. Scand. 170. Mudd Man. 145, Fig :—E, Bot. 949. Hepp Sporen t. 20, f. 182. and t. 70. f. 613. Exs :—Hepp 613. 182. Breutel 401, Fellm. 140. Zw. 63. Anzi It. 5. 168. 189, Grog. Distrre :—Europe generally, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, E. Lap- land, Sweden, Tyrol Alps, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...10, 11...15...18...(19—30.)—31. ENGLAND :—Airyholme Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Croyde Bay, N. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Oxford. Dr. Sibthorp. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Moreton and North Bovey. Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones. Guestling, Sussex. Rev. E. M. Bloomfield. Edenbridge, Bexley, Hythe, Conterhury, Kent. Mr. Holmes, Pontesford Hill! Abdon! Shropshire! Stannor Hill! Herefordshire. : ; . Scortanp :—Kinnoul Hill! Birnam Hill, Callernish and Garynahine, Lewis ; Stennis, Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. Isle of May, Firth of Forth. Mr, Sadler. TRELAND:—Common. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore Castle! Mr. Larbalestier. WaLes :—Between Corwen and Bala! Borth! Llyn Cwlyd! Glyn! near Capel Curig ; Eglwyseg rocks ! Craigforda ! Moet ree ‘a! Goodwick Bay ! near Fichguard. Castel Dinas Bran! Tenby! Crib Coch ! N 178 THE LICHEN-FLORA CHANNEL ISLANDS :— Jersey ! and all the other Islands. M7. Larbalestier. Attention to the internal nigricant colour of the apothecium and its chemical reaction with K will prevent confusion with Z. subfusca var. coilocarpa which it externally resembles, but in which the internal colour of the apothecium is pale and has chemical reaction K reddish, and also with ZL. argopholis in which the thallus has a yellowish tinge, and is squamuloso-granulose and the apothecia are fusco-nigrescent. How far ZL. argopholis is really distinct !rom L. subfusca may be questioned. ‘*Spores ,003 to .004 in. long, by .00175 in. broad.” (Mudd. ) “‘ Spores .010—015 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .010—.014 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad. Spermatia very long, slender, straightish.” (7. MZ. Fr.) Var. subbyssoidea, (Strtn.) nigro-cinereous or almost black, granu- lose, effigurate, hypothallus white, subbyssoid. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 85. (1875.) Bort. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Near Blair Athole. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) 24. L. leucophea, (Flk.) pallido-cinereous, tartareous, disperso- verrucoso-areolate, areole tumid, hypothallus black ; apothecia ap- pressed or sub-innate, /ivido-fuscous, plane, frequently congregated, margin thin, fuscescent, ultimately excluded ; hypothecium pale ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K faint yellow, C faint yellow. On sub-alpine rocks, not common. 1866. Syn :—Korb. 8. L. G. 194. (1855.) Leight. Not. Lich. No. xv. (1866.) Crombie Enum. 51. Exs :—Crombie 68. Gxroc. Distr1B :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—5...7...15.° ENGLAND :—Spout Valley ! Long Mynd, Shropshire. ScoTLaNnD :—Kincardine, Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Near Kylemore and Doughruagh Mountain! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llyn Aran! Mynydd-y-Gader! and generally and abundantly on north enscarpment! and also in Llyn-y-Cae ! on the south side of Cader Idris! (1866). Crib Goch! Snowdon! Pass of Llanberis! Aran Mowddwy! Cwm Cwlyd! Nant Gwynant! - Spores .014—.015 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. Var. conglobata, (Flot.) apothecia convex, difformed and tubercu- late, margin obliterated. On quartzose boulders in alpine places. 1872. Syw :— Flot. in Flora 1828. p. 564. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 1. 134. Groc. DIstR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortayD :—Summits of Ben-y-gloe and Cairn Gowar, Blair Atbole very sparingly. Rev. J. M.Crombie. (1872.) 25. L. leucopheiza, (Nyl.) similar to L. leucophea, with biato- rine apothecia and scarcely any gonidia present within the peri- thecium, but the gelatina hymenea not blueish with I or only the thecz thus coloured ; thallus K f. yellowish. On micaceo-schistose boulders. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 308. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Morrone, Braemar and Hill of Ard . M. One) is io near Aberdeen. Rev. J. M. ‘Spores .010—13 mm. long, .006—8 mm broad.” (Nyl.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 179 26. LD. nigro-glomerata, Leight. albido-glaucescent, sub-areolate, squamulose, squamules very small, confluent around the glomerations of apothecia, otherwise dispersed, adnato-appressed, plano-convex or depressed, smooth and shining, crenulate, (K yellow C yellow) ; hypothallus black, appearing only on the margins of the squa- mules ; apothecta black, large, numerously conglomerate,” deformed by close proximity, skening, convex, internally colourless, margin thickish, slightly paler, prominent, flexuose ; hypotheciwm colourless,’ with only a small dusky-blackish lateral excipulum, which is often continuous under the colourless hypothecium as a thin dusky line ; paraphyses crowded, distinct ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, moderate. On alpine quartzose rocks, rare. 1870. Grog. Disrris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. 7 ScoTtLaND :—Ben-y-Gloe, summit of Cairn Gowar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) Approaching L. rusticula, Nyl. in general habit and appearance, but that itis a much more minute lichen, with a granular thallus and fuscous hypothecium. Externally with a general resemblance to D. diducens, Nyl., but distinct by the character of the squamulose thallus, the colourless hypothecium, the larger spores, and the apothecia being internally colourless. Gelatina hymenea I pies then dirty lutescent. Spores .0115—.013 mm. long, .006—007 mm. road. 27. L. circinata, (Pers.) cinerascent or cinerous-white, orbicular, adnate, verrucoso-areolato-difract in the centre, radzoso-laciniate at the circumference, lacinie narrow, plano-convex, contiguous, incised and crenate at the apices, upper surface minutely albo-depresso- granulate ; apothecia innate, sub-urceolate or plane, fuscous-black, margin entire; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K yellow C yellow. On limestone rocks, rare. 1783. Syn:—Persoon in Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 7. p. 25. (1794.) Ach. Syn, 184. Nyl. Scand. 152, Mudd Man. 130. Fic :—E. Bot. 1941. Hepp Sporen t. 89 f. 777. Relh. Fl. Cantab. 427. t. 6. Exs :—Nyl. 118. M. & N: 457, Zw. 189. Scher. 328. Hepp 777. Anzi It. S. 163. Reich. & Schub. 75. Gsoc. Disrris :—Europe, Asia, Africa, Bor. Prov :—4, 5...8...11, 12...15...31. : EncGuanD :—On Clare Hall Bridge, Cambridge; Grantchester Churchyard Wall. Rev. R. Relhan. (1783.) Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland. Sir J. E. Smith. Bury. Rev. G. R. Leathes. Hale End! Malvern. Dr. Holl. Barnard Castle, Durham. Rev, J. Harriman. Canal Bridge near Congerstone, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Pophills; Oversley Bridge, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. Per- shore Bridge, Worcestershire. Mr. W. Joshua. ScotLanp :—Uathkin. Mr. Hopkirk. Clova. Mr. Don. CuanneL Istanps :—Guernsey. Rev. ZT. Salwey. ** Spores .0025 to .008 in. long, .00125 in. broad. Spermatia short, cylindrical, straight.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .011—15 mm. long, .0065—.0085 mm. broad. Paraphyses thick, generally distinctly articulate.” (Myl.) ‘‘ Spores .011—15 mm. long, .006—8 broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 28. L. frustulosa, (Dicks.) albedo-flavescent, thick, tartareous, verrucoso-areolate or disperso-glebulose, glebule sub-radiato-lobate, smooth ; apothecia numerous, sessile, fuscous-black, plane or sub- convex, thalline margin thick, entire or sub-crenate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K yellow C yellow. On alpine rocks, rare. 1793. 180 THE LICHEN-FLORA Sry :—Dicks. Crypt. 3. 13. 1793.) Nyl. Scand. 166. Mudd Man. 145. Fic :—E. Bot, 2273. Exs :—Leight. 293. Geroc. Distrrs :—Norway, Sweden, Silesia. Bor. Prov :—7...15. ScoTLAND :—Breadalbane ! Mr, Borrer. Yorkshire. Mi. Dickson. Ben Lawers! Rev. H. Macguillan. WaLEs :—Arthur’s Table, Anglesea, Rev. A. Bloxam. ite “Spores .0025 in. long, by .001 in. broad. Spermatia cylindrical, elegantly curved or flexuose.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .010—12 mm. long, .006 mm. broad.” (yl. & T. M. Fr.) 29. L. argopholis, (Whinb.) whitish or albido-stramineous, ver- rucoso-yranulose, firm, granules imbricate, rotundato-lobate ; apo- thecia fusco-nigrescent, thalline margin entire or crenate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K yellow C yellow. On alpine rocks, rare. Syn :—Wahlenberg in Ach. Meth. Suppl. 32. (1803.) Ach. Syn. 147. Nyl. Scand. 166, Fic :—Hepp Pore t. 20, f. 178. Exs :—Fellm. 131. Geroc. Distr :—E. paper, Norway, E. Finland, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...14, 15...26. Scornanp :—Near Edinburgh. Mr. Maughan. Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ITREvAND :—Letter Hill! Dawros Bridge! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llyney-Cae ! Cader Idris ; Moel-y-Golfa ! Montgomeryshire. Glyn! near Capel Curig; Cwm Cywion! Trefriw! Fort Hill! Fishouard. “Spores .011—18 mm, long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .011—18 mm. long, .006—9 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 30. L. polytropa, (Ehrh.) pallido-sulphureous, tartareous, gra- nulato-areolate, diffract, often diffuse and sub-evanescent ; apothecia pale-yellowish-flesh-coloured, plane or convex, innato-sessile, margin concolorous, thickish, flexuose, eventually obliterated; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; thallus K pale yellow C deeper yellow. On alpine rocks, &c, frequent. 1782. ee oo Crypt. No. 294. (1793.) Ach. Syn. 47. Nyl. Scand. 164. Mudd an. . ae a Bot. 1264. two lower fig. Hoffm. Pl. Lich, t. 58. f. 2, Hepp Sporen t. 8. f. 67. Exs :—M. & N. 748. Schar. 321. Hep Gr. Anzi It. S. 200. Leight. 179. Geoa. Distrtp :—Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Norway. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6...10, 11...13...15...18, 19...26...31. EncGianp :—Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Lonsdale! Cleveland. Mr Mudd. Eridge! Ashington Common! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Torquay! Dr, Deakin. Nesscliffe Hill ! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Mountains of Breadalbane. Rev. M. Stuart. (1782,) Moors of Dumfriesshire. Mr. Burgess. Garrynahine, Lewis; Stennis, Orkney, Dr. Lind- say. Breadalbane, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie RELAND :—Blackwater Hill! co. Kerry, Dr. Taylor. near Lough Muck! co. Galway. Mr, Larbalestier. Wa es :— Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. ‘ Sree aaa Istanps ;—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. T. wey Y. : “Spores .0025 to .003 in. long, by .001 in. broad. Spermatia cylindrical, elegantly curved or flexuose.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .010—13 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr. ) Spores .012 ~.0135 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. forma conglobata, (Smrf.) thallus granulato-rugulose, rimose, greenish-yellow ; apothecia very numerous, crowded yet distinct, jlavido-ochraceous, convex, deformed and tuberculate, margin oblite- rated. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 181 On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Sommerfelt Fl. Lapp. 83. (1826.) Nyl. Syn, 164. Mudd Man, 152, Exs :—Mudd 120. Grog. DistR1B Lapland, Switzerland, Bor, Prov :—5..,7..,10 ENGLAND :--Guisbro’ rae Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Yorkshire ! ! Mr, Dizon. Mynydd-y-Myfyr! near Oswestry. Rev. 7’. Salwey. SootnanD :—Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wats :—Barmouth! Rev, 7, Salwey. Llyn Geirionydd ! forma alpigena, (Ach.) pallido-lutescent, tartareous, rimoso-areo- late, smooth ; apothecta concolorous, large, appressed, plane, thalline margin paler, elevated, persistent, flexuose, On alpine rocks, frequent, 1861, Syn :—Ach. L. U. 379. (ial. ) Gym 170. Mudd Man, 152, Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 103. f. Exs :—Hepp 902. 903. Anzi it ‘3 201, 202. Scheer. 322, Grog. DistRIB :—Switzerland, Italy. Bor, Prov :—10..,15. EneLanD :—Baysdale Moor, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. ScorLanp :—Ben Nevis. Adm. Jones. Ben Lawers. Dr, Holl. forma tlusoria, Ach. thallus evanescent ; apothecta dispersed, large, plano-converx, pale yellow, margin almost obliterated, On alpine rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. L. ve 380. (1810.) Nyl. Scand. 164, Crombie En. 52, Exs :—Scheer. 3 Bor. Prov = ote. -26, Guoc, Distris :—Switzerland, Norway. ScotLanpD :—Mountains frequent. Rev J. M, Crombie. JRevaxp :—Doughruagh Mountain ! (west side) co, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :-—Y Wyddfa, Snowdon! Mr. Baker, 31. LZ, intricata, (Schrad.) sulphureo-virescent, . squamos)-areo- late, diffract, opake, areola manutely rugose, subcrenulate ; apoth- ecia adnate, plano-convex, nigrofuscous, thalline margin pale, entire, generally obliterated ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K faint yellow C bright yellow, On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Schrader Journ. Bot, 1801. st. 1. p. 72. Ach. Syn. 154, Nyl. Scand. 164. Mudd Man. 152. Exs :—Leight. 153, Arn. 56, Mudd 119. Geog. DistTRIB : ea ee Jape, Westphalia, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7... el Di: EneLanp :—Ayton Niort ‘Kiidate Moor! ! Battershy! Cleveland. Afr. Mudd. Babbicombe, Devon. Mr. Paryitt. Bodbury Ring! near Church Stretton. Cp SOtEAND: +-Breadalbane and Portlethen, Kincardineshire. Rev. J. WM. rombie. Tretanp :—Kilceanagh, co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Letter Hill! Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es :—Sychnant! near Conway. Barmouth! Cwm Bochlwyd! Cwm Cywion ! liga Cwlyd! Llyn Geirionydd ! ‘Spores .010—13 mm, long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 32. L. phaeops, Nyl. whitish-cream-coloured or : dirty-whitish- brown, tartareous, thin, determinate, continuous, smooth, rimulose (medulla I—, thallus K yellow C yellow) ; hypothallus white ; apothecta fuscous, small, scattered, innate, plane, immarginate, zn- ternally fuscescent ; hypothecitwm darkly rufescent ; spores 8, colour- less, narrowly ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct, epithecium colourless ; gelatina hymenea I intense persistent blue. 182 THE LICHEN-FLORA On wet alpine rocks, not common. 1844. Syn :—Lecanora, Th. Fr. L. Scand. 287. Lecidea, Nyl. Scand. (1861,) p. 196. Salwey in Trans. Bot, Soc. Edin. 7. 554, Exs :—Arn. 403. Geog. Distars :—Europe. ’ Bor. Prov :—7...15...19...26. : Scornanp :—Ben Cruachan ; Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. InELanD :—Brandon Mount and Connor Cliffs ; Mangerton, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. near Dunkerron ! Cappamore Hill! co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Connemara. Dr. Moore. Kylemore Castle! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Plinlimmon. Rev. 7. Salwey. (1844.) Llyn Aran ! ye ! Cade Idris; Crib Coch! Snowdon; Capel Curig! Cwm Idwal! Cwm Bochlwyd! Cwm Tryfan! Cwm Cywion! Glyder Vach! Llyn Cwlyd! Aran Mowddwy! Mz. Crombie in litt. mentions a form major in which the thallus is thicker and the apothecia larger (twice as large.) “Spores .009—.015 mm. long, .004 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .012—17 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .014—.015 mm. long, 20055—.006 mm broad. 33. L. chlarotera, Nyl. white, subtartareous, subdeterminate, areolato-diffract, areole subturgid, minutely verrucoso-granulate ‘(K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia pallido-testaceous, large, scattered, sessile, plane or plano-convex, smooth, slightly pruinose, thalline margin flexuose, thickish, somewhat pulverulent; spores 8, colourless, rvtundato or elliptico-oblong ; simple, paraphyses dis- tinct, thick. On trees. 1876, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1872, p. 550. & 1875. p. 15. Groce. Distris :—Central Europe. Bov. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! and Ballinahinch! near Letterfrack ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) A most beautiful species, resembling a good deal in external appearance L. tartarea, (L.) but with different reaction and with spores with 2 nucleoli like those of L. subfusca, Spores .018—.015 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. *4** Thallus K yellow C orange. 34. L. sulphurea, (Hoftin.) sulphureo-virescent, thickish, tartar- eous, rimoso-areolate, smooth ; apothecia livido-nigricant, biatorine, convex, deformed, subpruinose, margin obliterated; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K yellow C orange yellow. On sub-alpine rocks, walls, tiling, &c., frequent. Syw :—Hoffm. En. 32, (1784) Ach. Syn. 37. Nyl. Scand. 165. Mudd Man. 152, Fic :—E. Bot. 1186. Hoffm. Pl. L. t. 11. f. 3. Hepp Sporen t. 21. f. 189, Exs :— Zw. 3. Scher. 324. Hepp 189. Arn. 188. Mudd 121. Bohl. 117, Groce. Distrie :—Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...7...10...15...18, 19...28, 24...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Cliffrigg! Lounsdale! Roseberry! Mr. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer, Malvern Hills; Black Mountain, Monmouthshire, Dr. Holl. Coughton Church, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. Bury, Suffolk. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, Faw: gate Cliff, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Stannor Hill! Herefordshire ; Bodbury Ring! near Church Stretton, Caer Caradoc ! Stiperstones Hill ! Shropshire, ScorLanD :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Garrynahine, Lewis 3 Stennis, Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. IRELanD :—Pigeon Island near Kinmare. Dr. Taylor. near Belfast, Mr. Templeton. Glenarm. Dr. Moore. Killiney near Dublin. Adm. Jones, Glengariff, Cork, Kilkee and Ross, Clare, Mangerton, Kerry. Mr. Carroll, ‘Wates :—Diganwy ! near Conway. Bettws y-coed ! CuannEL IsLanDs :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 183 “Spores .00% in, long, by .001 in. broad.” (Jfuld.) “Spores .010—16 long, .005—6 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .010 -15 mm. es 005—6 ae broad. Spermatia acicular, arcuate.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores OLI5 mm, long, .0045 mm. broad. 35. L. symmicta, (Ach.) flavo-albicant, thin ; apothecia pale or pale-testaceous or pale-yellow, béatorine ; spores 8, colourless, elon- gato-oblong, simple. On trees and palings, frequent. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 379. (1810.) Syn. 36. Nyl, Scand. 163. Mudd Man, 150, Exs :—Fellm, 182. Anzi It. 8. 174. Zw. 341, Mudd 117. Fries 45. Leight, 176, Smrft. 65. Geo. Distrip :— Scandinavia, New Zealand, Arctic America, Algeria, Sweden, Switzerland, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5 ..7, 8...10...31, ENGLAND —Giopsall ! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Ayton! Oleveland. Mr Mudd. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Moreton! Thame Park ! Oxford! Mr. Larbalestier. Shoreham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Lope ! Montford Bridge ! Middletown ! Haughmond Hill! Tug- ford ! Shropshir Wa es :—Tremadoc! CuanneEL IsLanps ;—Beauport ! St. John’s, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores ,010—13 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .013—.014 mm. long, .005—0055 mm. broad. Var. aitema, (Ach.) yellow, leprose ; apothecia black, lecideine, convex, small, whitish within; spores oblong, simple. On trees, not common. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 178. 0) Sat: 24. Nyl. Scand. 163, Mudd Man, 150, Fic.:—Hepp Sporen t. 9. f. 6! Exs :—Hepp 69. Anzi It. S. oer. Crombie 66. Gsoc. Distrip :—Sweden, Switzerland, Italy. Bort, Prov :—1...3...19. EnceLaNnD:—Exminster Marshes, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. IrELaND :—Glanmire and Great Island, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Var.. sepincola, (Ach.) yellow, granulose or granuloso-unequal ; apothecia dark-rufescent or black, more or less immersed, convex, biatorino-lecideine ; spores oblong, simple or slightly 1-septate. On old palings &c. frequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 35. (sie) Nl. Scand, 164, Mudd Man. 151, Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 21. f. 1 Exs :—Mudd 118. Hep a a Langob. 303. Groc. Distrrs :—-Sweden, E. Lapland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Lom- bardy. ‘Bor. Prov :—1...5...10. ENGLAND :—Near Battersby ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Exeter, Devon, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Stiperstones ! Sutton ! near Shrewsbury ; Haughmond Hill ! 36. L. orosthea, (Ach.) flavicanti-sulphureous, thin, areolato- rimulose, unequal, subpulverulent ; apothecia subconcolorous, flavido- carneous, convex, or tuberculoso-deformed, subpruinose; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, simple; thallus K yellow C orange yellow. On sub-alpine rocks. Syw :—Ach. Prodr. 38. (1798.) Syn. 37. Nyl. Scand. 165. Geoc. DIstRIB + Saitierane, ermany, Sweden, Scandinavia, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...15 Eneuanp :—Bolt Head, e cone Dr. Holl. Long Mynd! near Church Stretton, Shropshire, 1st THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorLanD :—Braemar. Rev, J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—River Dawros! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Waes :—Cwm Bychan! Rev. 7. Salwey. Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Glyn near Capel Curig. Liyn Cwlyd! . “ Spores .003 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mfudd.) ‘* Spores .009—.016 mm. long, .006—7 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .011 mm, long, .004 mm, broad. 37. L. expallens, Ach. pallido-sulphureous, tartareous, granulate, diffract, often pulverulent, or furfuraceous ; apothecia pallido-carneous, innate, plano-convex, deformed, thalline margin concolorous, thin, sub-entire, eventually obliterated ; apothecia 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K yellow C reddish orange. On old trees and palings, not common, Syn :—a. Ach. L, U. 374, (1810.) Syn. 171. Geroc. Distrr :—France. Ror. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5, 6, 7. EncGLanp :—Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Wood opposite the Lodge near Ludlow, Herefordshire! Rev. 7. Salwey. Lewknor ! 'Tetsworth! Oxfordshire. M7. Lar- balestier. Weston-super-Mare. Mr. W. Joshua. Old Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Shere ! Surrey. Dr. Capron. Sharpstones Hill! Shropshire. Wazes :—Trees base of Craig Breidden! Montgomeryshire. Gwydir Woods ! Bettws-y-coed. Trefriv! Towyn! Glyn! near Capel Curig. 38. L. chlorophwodes, Nyl. flavido-glaucescent, verrucoso-granulate, (K yellow C orange red) ; hypothallus very thin, black ; apothecia fusco-rufescent or testaceo-rufescent, moderate, somewhat convex, margin thickish, crenate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On rocks, rare, 1873. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 290, Groc. Distr1s :—Finland, Bort. Prov :—26...31. TRELAND :—River Dawros, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Vale Castle! Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. (1873,) “Spores .009—.011 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad. Paraphyses indistinct. Gelatina hymenea I blue then lutescent, thece fulvescent.” (Wyl.) Spores .010—.011 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 39. L. lutescens, (D.C.) albido-flavescent, finely granulato-pulveru- lent ; apothecia pale or carneo-pallid, thalline margin pulverulent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On old palings and trees, not common. 1790. Syn :—D. C. Fl. France, 354, (1805.) conizea, Leight. L, Fl, 2, ed. 193, Fie :—E. Bot. 1549, Exs :—Leight. 378. Geog. Distr :—Scandinavia, France, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2...4, 5...8...10...15...19...30...31 Eneiann :—Norfolk. Mr. Turner. Ripon, Yorkshire. Mr. Brunton. near Twycross. Leicestershire. Rev. 4. Blocam. Orpeth Valley and Rowland’s Gill. Durham. Kev. W. Johnson. Buxton, Dr. Holl. Worthing. Rev. T. Salwey. Caer Caradoc! Wrekin! Pontesford, Stableford! near Bridgnorth, Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Killin, Durris. Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. IRELAND :—Derryquin. Dr. Taylor. Glenarm. Dr. Moore, CHANNEL IsLAnDs :—Beauport, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. 40. L. fugiens, Nyl. pale-whitish-yellow, granulate, granules minute, scattered and diffuse, scarcely concrescent, (K yellow C orange yellow) ; apothecia very minute, scattered, sessile, pale- yellowish-green, thalline margin prominent, whitish-yellow, entire, sometimes crenulate or flexuose ; hypothecium colourless ; sub- hymeneal gonidia numerous and very large ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 185 On rocks, rare. 1873. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora (1873.) p, 289, Bor. Prov :—26...31. TRELAND :—Dawros River! co. Galway, Mr. Larbalestier. CuannEL IsLanps :—On hard dry rocks under the shade of ivy near Archi- rondel Tower, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. (1873.) “Spores .009—013 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Extremely minute, and easily overlooked. Much resembling externally some state of Z. varia or polytropa. Spores .010—.011 mm. long, .005—.006 mm. broad. *EXKK Thallus K yellow C—. 41. L. subfusca, (L.) whitish or cinerascent, more or less deter- minate, thin, smooth, rimulose, granulate, verrucose, rugose or difract, hypothallus white ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-pallescent or nearly black, often pruinose, plano-convex, margin persistent, entire or crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K yellow C—. Forma allophana, Ach. whitish or albido-cinerascent, determin- ate or sub-determinate, thin, unequal, rugose, or granulato-corru- gate; apothecia plane or convex, rufo-fuscous, sub-rubricoso- fuscous, fuscous-black or black, thalline margin at first entire, then crenate and flexuose ; paraphyses slender, not distinct. On trees. . Syn :—Ach. L. U. 395. (1810.) Syn. 158. Nyl. Scand. 160. Stizenberg in Bot. Zeit. 1868. p, 892. Fig :—E. Bot. 219. Hepp Sporen t. 20. f. 183. Exs :—Leight. 115. Anzi It. 8. 184. Scheer, 308, Spruce Amaz. 190. Bohl, 35. Maudon 53, Hepp 183. Stenh. 129. Smrft. 63. Groce. Distris :—Throughout the world. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3,4, 5 7...10, 11...15...17...(19—30)...31. EneLanp :—Airyholme Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelve- don, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Guestling, Sussex. Rev. EZ, N. Bloomfield, Wrekin! Haughmond Hill ! Nesscliff ! Shropshire ! ScotLanD :—Balthayock Woods! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Long Island, Prof. Balfour.. TRELAND :—Kylemore Lake! co, Galway. Mr, Larbalestier. UHANNEL IsLANDS :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier, Watss :—Glyn! near Capel Curig. Gwydir Woods ! Bettws-y-coed, “Spores .0025 to .003 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .013 —22 mm long, .008—.012 mm. broad.” (2yl.) Forma Parisiensis, Nyl. cinereous, rugose or rugoso-granulate or sub-verrucose, determinate, hypothallus not visible; apothecia black or fuscous-black or rarely fuscous, naked, sometimes slightly cxsio-pruinose, moderate, nearly plane, thalline margin rugose or sub-crenate ; spores 8, ellipsoid ; paraphyses distinctly articulate, slightly incrassate and broadly fuscescent at the apices ; gelatina hymenea blue with iodine. On trees, rare. Srn :—Nyl. Luxemb, Lich. in Bull, Soc. Bot, Franc, 13. p. 368. (18€6.) Exs :—Rabh. 802. Groc. D1stRIB :—Europe. ene mee Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Maidstone, Chelsfield, Shoreham, Kent, Buckingham. M7. Holmes. Spores .010—.018 mm. long, .006—.008 mm, broad.” (WVyi.) 186 THE LICHEN-FLORA Forma rugosa, (Pers.) whitish, thickish, determinate, often limited, granulato-rugose ; apothecia pale or fuscescent, plane, margin elevated, thick, rugose or rugoso-crenate ; paraphyses crowded. On trees. eeu oe , Ach, L, U. 394. p. p. 1810.) Syn. 157. Nyl. Scand. 160, tiznb. 1. c. Exs :—Anzi Ven. 38. Anzi It. S, 188. 189. Mudd 112, Geog. DisrriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10...15.. 19—30.) ENGLAND :—Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey, Cliffrigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Aymestrey ! Herefordshire. ScoTLaAND :—Balthayock Woods! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Common. Mr. Carroll. ‘* Spores .010—18 mm. long, .007—.010 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) Forma argentata, Ach. whitish, thin, sublevigate or slightly rugoso-unequal (on rocks granuloso or areolato-verrucose) ; apoth- ecia plane or convex, fuscous or fusco-pallescent, margin entire ; paraphyses free. On trees and rocks. 1793. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 393. (1810.) Syn. 157. glabrata, Ach. 1. c, on rocks campes- tris, Scher. En. 75. Nyl. Scan. 160, Stiznb. 1. c. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 8. f. 63. E. Bot. 450. Exs :—Maudon 3. 54. Anzi It. S. 185. Fellman 125, 126. M. & N. 740. Scher, ne 154, Anzi It. 8.191. 192, Anzi Ven, 36, 40. Hepp 63, Nyl. Pyr. rT. be Grog. DistR1B ;—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1 _ 3...5, 6,...10...15...19...26...30. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire, common. Mr. Mudd. Ludlow, Shropshire. Dr. Ba- binyton Chudleigh Woods; Dartmouth; Stoke Wood, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. ies and Totham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Grove Lane, Cirencester. Mr. W. oshua, ScorLanD :—On rocks. M7. Dickson. 1793.) IRELAND :—Ardglass co. Down. Dr. Maingay. near Cork Harbour. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore Mountains! and near Ballinahinch. Mr, Larbalestier, Wates :—Capel Curig! Fishguard Harbour ! Pembrokeshire. “Spores .011—16 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Vyl.) Forma intumescens, (Rebent.) whitish, sublimitate, very thin, smooth, at length rimoso-areolate ; apothecia convex, fuscous or nigro-fuscous, sometimes livido-pruinose, margin thick, snow-white, inflexed, sometimes crenulate ; paraphyses crowded, thick. On trees. Syn :—Rebent. Fl. Neomarch 301, 1804.) Stiznb. 1. ¢. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 70 f. 614, Exs :—Anzi Langob. 102. Arn, 273, 497. Hepp 614, Rabh, 916. Gero. DistriB :—Europe, Bor. Pxov :—5. EneLanp :—Stannor Hill! Herefordshire, (1864.) Forma coilocarpa, Ach. whitish, sublimitate or limitate, thin, unequal or granulato-rugose (on rocks thicker, verrucoso-diftract) ; apothecia small when young, concave, fuscous-black or nearly black, margin entire or sub-entire ; paraphyses free, slender. On trees and rocks. Syn :—Ach. L, U. 393. (1810.) Syn. 157, Nyl. Scand. 161. Sti sph i eae Ep 7. a is ae y. Stiznb. 1. c. pinastri, Exs :—Scher. . Hepp ‘i i It. S. 186, i indi Leight, 52. Larbal. 77. Weight 107. Tandy, 160. Grog. DistTRrB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—2, 3...5, 6, 7.,.10..,15...23.,,31, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 187 Encuanp :—Yorkshire, common. Mr. Mudd. Topsham, Exeter, Mr. Parfitt. eT rocks, Sussex, Mr. W. Joshua. Nescliffe Hill! Loppington ! Haugh- mond Hill! Sharpstones Hill! Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Blaeberry Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. IreELanp :—Lambay Island. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Aberdovey ! Rev, A. Bloxam. Aber! Cader Idris ! between Corwen and Bala! Cwm Cywion! Castle Dinas Bran! Llanbedrog! Capel Arthog ! Goodwick Bay! Pembrokeshire. Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! Caannet Istanps :—Boulay Bay, Rozel, La Coupe, Jersey; Eperquerie, Sark; Herm and Jethou! Afr, Larbalestier. ‘Spores .012—18 mm. long, .00S—J0 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) Spores .017 mm. long, .009 mm. broad. Forma gangalea, Ach. albo-cinerascent, determinate, radiate, thick, glabrous, rimose or rimoso-areolate ; apothecia frequent, sessile, at first concave then convex, black, margin entire or sub-crenulate ; paraphyses sub-conglutinate. On rocks. Syw :—Ach, Syn. 152, (1817.) Nyl. Scand, 161. Stiznb, 1. Exs :—Mandon 55, Geroc. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...31. Encuanp :—Oswestry! Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Airyholme Wood ! peat. Mr. Mudd. Abdon! Craigforda! Shropshire; Aymestrey ! Here- ordshire. Wats :—Festiniog Road near Dolgelley ! Penmaenmawr! CuanneL IsLanps :—Bordeaux Harbour, Guernsey. Mrs. Collings. Spores .014—.015 mm, long. .007 mm. broad. Forma atrynea, Ach. granulate or verrucoso-areolate, sometimes nigricanti-limitate ; apothecia moderate, plane, rarely convex, fuscous or fusco-pallescent or corneo-fuscescent, margin subcrenute, rarely entire; paraphyses thick, subconglutinate. On rocks and posts. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 395. (1810.) Syn. 158. Nyl. Scand. 161. Stiznb. 1. c. Exs :—Fellm. 126. Rabb. 831. Grog. DistR1B :— Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...3...15...19...31. ENGLAND :—Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. ScorLanD :—Cove, Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Dinis, Killamey. Mr. Carroll. Cuawne. Isianps :—Beauport, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. ‘* Spores .011—18 mm. long, .006—9 mm. broad.” (JVyl.) Forma melacarpa, Nyl. whitish, smooth, thin, limitate ; apothecia black, plane, prominent, margin white enture. On micaceous stone walls, rare. 1870. Exs :—Anzi Langob, 105 Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—High up on Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) Forma epibrya, Ach. whitish, granuloso-or verruculoso-cinerascent ; apothecta fuscous or fusco-rufescent, plane, margin entire, often flexuose ; paraphyses subconglutinate. On mosses, &c. Syn :—Ach. Prod, 79. (1798.) Syn. 155. Nyl. Scand. 161. Stiznb. 1. ce. Mudd Man. 147. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. f. 185. : Exs :—Hepp 185. Scher. 311, Fellm. 124. Anzi It. 8. 193. Arn. 107. Th, M. Fries 8. Gxoc. DistriB :—Europe. Boz. Prov :—10,.,30.,,31. 1s oa THE LICHEN-FLORA Encianp :—Guisbro’ Moor, Cleveland. Mr, Mudd. TRELAND:—Belfast. Prof. Dickie. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .014—18 mm, long, .008—.011 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) Forma chlarona, Ach. whitish or cinerascent, determinate, thin, sublevigate or subrugose ; apothecia plane, or somewhat convex, margin sub-entire or crenulate; paraphyses slender, sub-conglutinate. On trees and rocks. Syn :—distans, Ach. Meth. 168, (1803.) chlarona, L. U. 397, Syn. 158, Stinzb. L ec. Exs :—Anzi It. S. 187. 190. Hepp 778. Rabh. 803, 727. Anzi Ven. 37. Leight. 116. Mudd 113. Maudon 2. Mass, 42. Arn. 586, Grog. Distrps :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...10...23. Encianp :—Near Stokesley! Cliffrigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Tilgate! Mr. Larbalestier. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Partitt, Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Redland Woods, near Dorking. Mr. W. Joshua. Upperton, East- bourne. Mr. Roper. Toy’s Hill, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Ley Grange near Shrews- bury ! Haughmond Hill! Shelton Rough! Shropshire ! ScotLanD :—Not uncommon. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRfLAND :—Barclay’s Rock. Adm. Jones. Forma spodophcoides, Nyl. in Flora 1872. On micaceous stone walls, rare. 1870. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLAND :—Base of Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) 42, L. leucophyma, Leight. greyish-pink, verrucoso-syuamose, squamules scattered and distinct, plano-convex, or hemispherico- tuberculose, minutely innato-granulate, (K y C—) ; apothecia ses- sile, nigro-fuscous, convex, thalline margin entire, tumid ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, simple ; paraphyses filiform, branched above and jointed; hymenea gelatina cerulescent with iodine. On micaceo-schistose alpine rocks, very rare. 1864. Grog. DistrrB:—Europe, Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Over Loch-na-Cat, Ben Lawers ! Messrs. Jones d: Carroll, (1864). Of this fine lichen only one fertile specimen has been found, The curious isidioideo-tuberculose thallus has often a pinkish tinge, 43, ZL. tenera, Nyl. cinereo-virescent, thin, unequal or sub-gran- ulato-unequal, indeterminate, rimulose, (K yellow C—); apoth- ecia pale, minute, plane, margin paler, nearly white ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or sub-bacillar, simple (or obsoletely and spu- riously l-septate); paraphyses few, rather thick, apex incrassate, or clavate; epithecium and hypotheciwm colourless; gelatina hy- menea blue with iodine. On wet maritime granitic rocks, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p, 83, Crombie En. 70, Linn, Journ, 11, p, 483, Geroc, Distr1s :—Europe, Bor. Prov :—15...31. Scor.anp :—S. of the Bay of Nigg, Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1868). CHANNEL Istanps :—Boulay Bay! La Moye! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ae fe UGE tae’ bond fee mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘ Spores -0115 mm. long, .002.—. mim, broad,” Spermatiaoblong. Allied to, though distinct from, Z. globulosa, Flk. ia a ia forma explanatula, Nyl. granules of thallus depressed or flat- tened and more or less dispersed, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 189 On damp walls, very rare. 1877. Bor. Prov :—26. TrELaND :—Letterbeg! Connemara. Ir. Larbalestier, (1877). 44. LZ. gangaleoides, Nyl. albido-cinereous, verrucoso-areolate, (K deep yellow C—); apothecia black, moderate, crowded, plane, sessile, thalline margin white, entire. On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1872. p. 358. and 1873. p. 69. Exs =a Mention 55. Bort. Prov :—26, IRELAND :—Letter Hill! Galway. Mv, Larbalestier, (1876), HERKEK Thallus K—C—. 45. ZL. epanora, Ach. greenish-yellow, sqyuamuloso-glebulose, glebula small, contiguous and conglomerate or dispersed, sub-ra- diato-lobate, smooth or citrino-sorediate ; apothecia luteo-fulvous, plane, thalline margin thick, flexuose or sub-crenate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K—-C—, On rocks, rare. 1836. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 39. 1798.) Syn. 161. Nyl. Scand. 167, LZ. albo-flavida, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2. 260. Mudd Man. 154. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 89. f. 775. Exs :—Leight. 397. Hepp 775. Th. M. Fries. 35. Anzi Langob. 43. Arn, 539. Gxog. Distris :—Sweden, Norway, Scandinavia, Walamo, (Africa). Bor. Prov :—7...15...19. IRELAND :—Dunkerron. Dr, Taylor. (1836). Wates :—Barmouth ! Rev. J. Salwey. near Portmadoc ! SoorLanp :—Glen Fender. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .009— .012 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 46. L. medians, Nyl. vitellinous-yellow or citrine, opake, plicato-radiate at the circumference, lacinie narrow, convex, in- curved and subcrenate at the apices, minutely granuloso-scabrous on the upper surface, in the centre broadly albido-cinerascent, or with scattered citrine granules, and minutely granulose or le- proso-granulose, (K—); apothecia dirty-flavescent or flavo-fus- cescent, plane, thalline margin. citrine, entire or crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple, On calcerous rocks, rare. 1871. Syw :—Nyl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 9. p, 262. (1862.) and 13 p. 367. (1866). Exs :—Arn. 222. Rabh. 796, Gzoc. DistR1B :—France. Bor. Prov :—5. 2 Ene.anp :—Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. (1871). **Spores ,011—17 mm. long, .0045—.0065 mm. broad.” (ZVyl.) 47. L. galactina, (Ach.) whitish, rugulose, appressed, sub-pulveru- lent, lobato-crenate in the circumference ; apothecia crowded towards the centre, livido-carneo-fuscescent, more or less albo-pruinose, margin elevated, persistent, eventually crenulate and flexuose ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K—C—. On plastered walls, rocks, &c. frequent. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 190, (1803.) Syn. 187. Nyl. Scand. 134, Nyl. in Bull. Soc, Bot. Fr. 13. p. 367. ¥Fia :—Hepp Sporen t. 20. f. 180, 190 THE LICHEN-FLORA Exs :—Nyl. 122. Hepp 180. Mudd 116, Groce. Distrrs :—Sweden, Germany, Helvetia, France. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5, 6...8...10...15...(19—30). Eneianp :—Near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Guestling, Sussex. Rev. FE. N. Bloomfield. Maidstone, Shoreham, Wrotham, Folkestone, Seven Oaks, Kent. Mr Holmes. Walls of Tong Priory ! Shropshire. ScoTLanD :—Near Aberdeen. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELanp :—Common. Mr. Carroll. WateEs :—Fishguard Harbour! Pembrokeshire. “ Spores .003 in. long, by .00125 in. broad. Spermatia cylindrical, elegantly Siren or flexuose.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .009—.010 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Zyl.) Forma dispersa, (Pers.) sub-crustaceous; apothecia dispersed) livido-pallescent or subcarneous or nigrescent, pruinose, margin white, crenulate ; thallus K—C—. On lime-rocks, frequent. Syw :—Persoon in Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 7. p, 27. (1794.) Ach. Syn. 187, Nyl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Franc. 13. p. 378. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 8. f. 61. Exs :—Hepp 61. Zw. 261. Geroc. Distr :—Northern Europe, France, Germany, Switzerland. Bot. Prov :—1...5, 6...10...26...31. ENe@LanD :—Battersby Bank and Carlton Bank, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Chance’s Pitch, Malvern. Dr. Holl. Starcross, Devon, Mr. Parfitt. Grove Lane, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. IRELAND :—Killery Bay and Lettermore, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL IsLANDs :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Oaswell Bay ! Mumbles. Fishguard Harbour! Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL IsLanps ;—Rozel, Jersey. Mr Larbalestier. Spores .009—.011 mm, long, .005—6 mm. broad. Forma lwida, (Ach.) whitish, *moso-areolate, glabrous, areole crenulate at the margins; apothecia minute, crowded, immersed, disk plane, devido-carneous, thalline margin entire. On rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 375. 1810.) Syn. 170. Crombie Enum. 50. Gxroc. DistR1B :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—16. ScoTLaND :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Forma verrucosa, Leight. thallus in white dispersed, convex, verru- cose masses, in which the apothecia are imbedded. Bort. Prov :—6. WALES :—Bracelet Bay! Mumbles, near Swansea. 48. L. subluta, Nyl. whitish, thin, minutely granulate, indeter- minate (K—C—) ; apothecia pale yellow or luteo-sublivid, crowded, diformed by mutual pressure, thalline margin subcrenate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid; paraphyses not very distinct; gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. On dry calcareous rocks, rare. 1876. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 232. Bor. Prov :—26. Tretanp :—Near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. 1876.) A distinct species of the stirps of L. galactina. Spores .010—12 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Var. perspersa, Nyl. thallus deficient; apothecia distantly dispersed. On calcareous rocks, very rare. 1876, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 191 Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 233. Bor, Prov:—26. IRELAND : —Near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) 49. L. umbrina, (Ehrh.) thallus nearly obliterated, hypothallus olivaceo-fuscescent, diffuse ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-nigricant, small, ccesio-suffused, thalline margin white sub-crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses articulate; thallus K—C—. On rocks, old wood, &c. Syw :—Ehrhart Crypt. No. 245. (1793.) Ach. L. U. 368. Nyl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 13. p. 369. Exs :—Rabh. 747. 799. Anzi Langob. 318. 392. Arn. 21. Anzi It. 8. 182. mee DisTRIB :—Sweden, Germany, France, Italy, Lombardy, Hungary avaria, Bor. Prov. :—5...7...15, 16...24...30, 31. Eneuanp :— Llanym: aymech Hill! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Cumbrae! Buteshire. Mr, W. Galt. TRELAND :- Co. Down Ait Jones. Cliffs of Moher, co. Clare. Mr. Carroll. Wats :—Between Llangollen and Corwen! Eglwyseg Rocks ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—La Moye ! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .013 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. forma crenulata, (Dicks.} cinereous, very thin, nearly evanescent ; apothecta minute, dispersed, plane, fuscous-grey, margin white, persistent, crenulate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thallus K—C—. On limestone rocks, &c. not uncommon. 1793. ip ses :—Dicks. Crypt. 3. 14. (1793.) Ach. Syn. 168. Nyl. in Bull, Soc. Bot. Fr. p. 36 Exs a, Bot. 930. Dicks. 1. c. t. 9. f£. 1, Hepp Sporen t. 8. £. 65. Fie :;—Hepp 65. Nyl. 125. Grog. Distrip :—Sweden, Fiuland, Switzerland, France. Bor. Prov :—2...5, 6, 7...10, 11.. (19—30). Enotanp :—Yorkshire. ‘Mr. Dickson, (1793.) Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Castle Eden ; Fulwell; Boldon; and Cleadon ; Middleton Beck ; and Barnard Castle. Durham ; Carham_ and Wark, Northumberland. Mr. yee Shingles, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. High Rock ! near Bridgnorth, Shrop- shire ScotLanD :—Frequent. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Not uncommon. Mr. Carroll. Wats :—Eglwyseg Rocks! Giltar Point! Tenby. forma prosechoides, Nyl. dirty-yellowish-white, tartareous, thin, sub-determinate, vimoso-areolate, areole flat or slightly tumid and smooth; apothecia scattered, sessile, plane, brownish-black ; thalline margin entire ; thallus K—C—. On maritime rocks, rare. 1856. Syy :—Ny]. in Crombie En, 51. (1870.) Exs:—Crombie 67. Grog. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...15. ScoTLaND :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. WALES :—Southerndown ! Glamorganshire. Dr. Holl. Barmouth! (1856.) Manorbeer near Tenby! Y Fegle fawr ! near Barmouth. Black Rock ! near Criccieth. Spores .012 mm. long. .006 mm. broad. forma zoster, Ach. glaucous, effuse, very thin, almost evanes- cent ; apothecta minute, scattered or aggregate, plane, rufescent, 192 THE LICHEN-FLORA thalline margin thin, white, pulverulent; spores much smaller ; paraphyses very delicate and slender. On dry grass, &c. in maritime places. 1873. Syw :—Ach. Syn. 158. Nyl. Scand. 160, Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL Istanps :—La Moye! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestie. (1873) «Spores .011— 14 mm. long, .006— 7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 50. LZ. Hageni, (Ach.) albo-cinerascent, thin, indeterminate, nearly evanescent ; apothecia small, crowded, plane, at length tumid, paler or darker brown, more ‘or less pruinose ; margin white, per- sistent, crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; thallus K—C—. On trees and old wood. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 57. (1798.)Syn. 167. Crombie En. 51. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 8. f, 64. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 181. Zw. 65. Hepp 64. M. & N. 1053. Geog. DistrRis :—Italy, Westphalia, Germany, Helvetia, Hungary, Prussia. Bor. Prov :—3...10, 11...15 . 24...31. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Veesdale, Durham. Mr. Winch. Kelve- don, Essex. Mr. Varenne. IRELAND :—Near Limerick. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—St. Clement’s Bay! and near St. Aubins! Jersey, Mr. Larbalestier. Mr. Crombie finds a state designated by Dr. Nylander in litt, sub-distans on maritime granitic rocks at Nigg, Portlethen, Kincardineshire; and also var. conferta, Dub. (Bot. Gall. 654) Woodside near Aberdeen. ‘thallus thin, greenish or evanescent, paraphyses scarcely discrete.” forma caleigena, Nyl. cinerascent, thickish, crustaceous, areolato- diffract ; apothecia livid, subpruinose, margin white, entire. On rocks, very rare. 1876. Bor. Prov :—26. Ire.anp :—Lettermore, Galway. Mr Larbalestier. (1876). 51. LZ. calcarea, (Linn.) white or cretaceous or farinose, conti- guous, or 7imoso-areolate, effigurate at the circumference, hypo- thallus pale ; apothecia immersed, plane, casio-pruinose ; spores 2, 3, 5, 6, rarely 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; hypothecium colour- less ; paraphyses gelatinoso-concrete ; medulla I—, thallus K—C—; gelatina hymenea at first pale blue then dirty yellow with I; spermatia acicular straight. On calcareous rocks, frequent. forma concreta, Scher. white or cretaceous, rimoso-areolate or contiguous ; apothecia immersed. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. No. 6. (1753.) Ach, Syn. 143, Nyl. Scand. 154, Th. M. Fries Lich. Scand. 274. Fic :—Ach. Meth. t. 4. f. 1. Hepp Sporen t. 71. f, 627. Exs :—Mudd 133. Leight. 13. Kabh. 323. 842. Mass. 266 A. & B. Hepp 627 Nyt earls. 126. Fishes 476. ae It. Sup, ee e EOG. DistriB :—German: witzerland, Ita enees, France, Hungary. Bor. Prov -—5..7..10..15” 20...96. saevaee dane, orn EnexanD :—Bilsdale! Yorkshire. Mr. Mfudd. Hythe, Sandgate, Penshurst ; Brastead, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Llanymynech Rock ! Shropshire. ScoTLanD :—Killin ; ae Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie, IRELAND :—Blarney, Cork. M7. Carroll. Bridge at Maam ! Joyce country. Mr. Larbalestier, Wa es :—Great Orme’s Head! Eglwyseg Rocks! Cader Idris! Beaumaris! Spores .029—.031 mm. long, .015—.020 mm. broad. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 193 forma contorta, Hoffm. white or cinerascent, arcole dispersed, centrally elevated, depressed at the edges ; apothecia immersed. On calcareous rocks, frequent. Syn :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. 1. 97. (1790.) Th. M. Fries Lich. Scand. 275. Fie ;—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 22. £. 3. Exs :—Mudd 134. Leight. 322. Anzi It. S. 210. Grog. Distr :—Italy, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...26. EncLanD :—Roseberry! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. High Rock! Bridgnorth, Shropshire. IneLanpD :—Twelve Pins! Doughruagh ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Wass :—Great Orme’s Head ! forma Hoffmanni, (Ach.) glaucescent, areole sub-contiguous, apo- thecia larger and more elevated. On granite and other hard rocks, frequent. Syw :—Ach. Meth. 145. (1803.) Syn. 143. Nyl. Scand. 154. Th. M. Fries L- Scand. 275. Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. L. t. 22. f. 1. 2. 3. Hoffm. En. t. 6, f. 3. Mass. Ric. f. 75, E. Bot. t. 1940. Be 629. Scher. 131. Anzi Langob. 324. Anzi Venet. 46. 47. Nyl. ‘yr. Or, 59, Gxoa. Distrre :—Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, Sweden, Hungary. Bot. Prov :—8, 4, 5...7...10 ..26. EnGLanp :—Oswestry ! Rev. 7’, Salwey. Malvern Hills! Mr, Lees. Kenilworth Castle! Mr. Larbalestier. Yorkshire; Sussex and Norfolk. Sir J. E. Smith. King’s Weston Down! Bristol. Mr. Perceval. Aymestry! Herefordshire. Llanymynech Hill! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. IgzLanp :—Top of Kylemore Mountains ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Bryn Maelgwyn! Llanyblodwel Rocks ! forma ochracea, (Scher.) cinereo-ochraceous, areolato-diffract ; apothecia immersed. On slaty rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Schar. Spic. 72. Exs :—Scher. 128, Anzi Langob. 69. Gzoa. Distr :—Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Bor. Prov :—7. ‘Wats :—Moel-y-gest! near Tremadoc (1877). 52. LL. lactea, (Mass.) milk-awhite, tartareo-farinose, contiguous, effuse ; apothecia pallido-testaceous, at length fuscescent, most minute, at first immersed, then sessile and sub-concave; spores 8, colourless, elliptical or elliptico-oblong, simple. On walls, rare. Syn :—Aspicilia, Mass. Symm. p. 26. (1855). Grog. Disrrt1s :—Italy. Bor. Prov:—5. ENGLAND :—Near Cirencester. Mr. Joshua, ‘Spores .009—.0122 mm. long, .00244—.00366 mm. broad.” (Mass.) 53. LL. gibbosa, (Ach.) cimereous or virescenti-fuscous, angulart- areolato-verrucose, fertile ones elevated in the centre ; hypothallus pale ; apothecta areolate, immersed, urceolate, or emersed, concave or plane, naked, thalline margin slightly crenulate; spores 8, colourless, ‘ellipsoid, simple, large ; hypothecium colourless; . paraphyses gelatinoso-concrete ; gelatina hymenea at first slightly blue then vinoso-fulvescent with I; medulla I—; thallus K— C— ; spermatia acicular, straight. On granitic and hard rocks, frequent. 194 THE LICHEN-FLORA forma vulgaris, (Th. Fr.) dirty-whitish or cinereous, thick, tar- tareous, areolato-verrucose ; apothecia more or less emersed, concave or plane, ocellate. oe :—Ach. Prod. 30. (1798.) Syn. 139. Nyl. Scand. 154. Th. Fr. L. Scand. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t, 71. f. 624. Exs :—Zw. 60. Hepp 624. Scher. 125. Groce. Distris :—Norway, Hungary, Switzerland, Pyrenees, Italy, Germany. Bor. Prov :—5, 6...26, ENGLAND :—Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey. Lydd Beach, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Stannor Hill! Herefordshire. JRELAND :—River Dawros! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Wates :—Between Llangollen and Corwen! Aber! Carnarvonshire. Bar- mouth ! Criccieth Castle rock ! “Spores .021—30 mm. long, .014--18 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Spores .024 mm. long, .017 mm. broad. forma porinoidea, Flot. dark-virescenti-fuscous, opake, smooth, areolato-verrucose, areolee very convex, subhemispherical ; apothecia immersed, thalline margin coarctate, sometimes crenulate, often paler. Syn :—Flot. L. Siles. 128, (1849.) Korb. Syst. 163. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1732. Exs :—Mudd 135. Leight. 175. Geroc. Distr1B:—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...10. ; EncLanp :—Cliffrigg, Yorkshire! Mr. Mudd. South Downs, Sussex. Mr. Le Haughmond Hill! Lyth Hill! Caer Caradoc! Long Mynd! Abdon ! Wates :—Craig Breiddin ! Montgomeryshire. Aber ! Carnarvonshire. Forma sguamata, Flot. dark-virescentifuscous, opake, smooth, areolato-verrucose, closely appressed, radiato-efigurate at the circum- ference ; areole convex or subhemispherical ; apothecia immersed, thalline margin coarctate, often crenulate. eee —Flotow L. S. Siles. 128. (1849,) Kerb. Syst. 163, Th, Fries L. Scand. Exs :—Leight, 175. (in some copies.) Bort. Prov :—5. ENGLAND :—Caer Caradoc ! Probably only a state of f porinoidea in which the circumference is developed. forma depressa, Ach. ce@sio-cinerascent, areolate, areole small, de- pressed, plane ; apothecia immersed, areolato-impressed, sub-leci- deine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1870. Syn :—Ach. Syn, 144. (1817.) Nyl. Scand, 153, Crombie En. 55, Geog. Distrrs :—Sweden, Lapland, Norway. Bor. Prov :—15...19. ScorLanD :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M, Crombie. IRELAND :—Dunkerron. Dr Taylor. 54. L. coesto-cinerea, Nyl. albido-cinereous, ccesio-cinereous, thickish, areolato-verrucoso-diffract (medulla I—thallus K dirty-fuscescent) ; apothecia immersed in the areolz, concave, surrounded with a white thalline margin, at length emerged and more or less prominent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On mountain rocks, not common. 1876. Exs :~Anzi Langob, 323. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 195 Bor. Prov :—7...26. Tre.anp :—Borders of Lake east side of Doughruagh Mountain, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier aiid WALES :—Moel-y-gest ! forma obscurata, Fr. olivaceo-cinerascent. (med. I—thallus K dirty fuscescent. ) On rocks, frequent. 1854. Syn:—Nyl, in Flora 1872. F 364. ; Exs:—Fries L. Sc. 343. Fellm. 118. Anzi It. S, 208, Anzi Langob. 72. Krbr, 246. Leight. 204. Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10. : cae :—Cliffrigg! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (1854.) Longmynd! Shrop- shire. 55. L. pelobotrya, (Whinb.) whitish or livid-grey, very thick, tartareous, continuous, rimose, smooth, unequally raised up into large plano-convex masses or pulvinuli, (medulla I— ; thallus K— C—) on which are the apothecia which are at first minute and im- mersed, then superficial, sub-urceolate, sub-immerso-sessile, solitary or congregate, blackish-brown, thalline margin very thick, somewhat polished, flewuose ; hypothecium dark-brown ; paraphyses crowded, distinct, slender ; spores 4-8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellip- soid, simple ; gelatina hymenea I blue. On alpine micaceo-schistose rocks, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Urceolaria, Whinb. in Ach. Meth. Suppl. 31, (1803.) Ach. L. U. 333, oye. 188. Lichen, Whilnb. Fl. Lapp. 413, Lecanora, Smrf. Lapp. 99. Nyl. Scand. Gzoa. Disrris :—Finmark, Norway, Bot. Prov :—15. Scortanp :—Ben Lawers! Messrs. Jones & Crombie. Th. Fries L. Scand. 279. ranks this in the Aspicilia section of Lecanora on account of the thick thalline margin of the aoottrecis, being filled with gonidia. He states also that scabrous rufescent cephalodia are mingled with the areole of the thallus as in Lecidea paneola, which this lichen resembles in habit. “Spores .023—35 mm. long, .012—16 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores ,024—35 mm. long, .012—16 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 56. L. flavida, Hepp. pallido-ochraceous or cinerascent, suble- prose, effuse, very thin, rimoso-areolate; apothecia excessively minute, numerous, innate, black, concave or plane, thalline mar- gin thin entire ; hypothecium colourless; paraphyses gelatinoso- concrete, cerulescent towards the apices; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea I of an intense persistent blue, spores and contents of asci fulvescent; (medulla I—, thallus K—C—.) On moist mountain rocks, not common. Syn ;—Hepp Exs. 630. (1860.) Th. Fr. L. Scand. 286, Aspicilia micrantha, Korb, Par. 102. A. ochracea, Mudd Brit. Lich. 163. Fia :—Hepp Sporen t. 71. £. 630. Exs :—Hepp 630. Leight. 292. Mudd 136, Arn. 322, 322b. and 454, God. Distais :—Scandinavia, Germany. Bor. Prov :—5...10. _ Enetanp ;—Cockshaw Bank! Broughton Bank, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Wenlock ! Shropshire. “Spores .012—18 mm. long, .007—11 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .017 mm. long, .009 mm. broad. 57. LZ. lacustris, With. pale or testaceous or ochraceous, thin, 196 THE LICHEN-FLORA subdeterminate, plane, smooth, slightly rimoso-areolate ; apothecta minute, pallido-rufescent, urceolato-innate ; hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses conglutinate ; gelatina hymenea I blue, then dark vinous-red or fulvescent ; (medulla I—, thallus K—C—.) On moist rocks over which water has flowed, not common. 1796. Syn :—With. Arr. 4. p. 21. (1796.) Nyl. Scand, 155. Th. Fries Scand. 287. DL. Acharii, Westr. in Ach. Prodr. p. 38. Ach. Syn. 137. Fic :—With. 1. c. t. 81. fig. 4. Ach. Prod. f. in tit. Hepp Sporen t. 71. f, 626. Exs :—Zw. 114. Hepp 626. Arn. 590. Anzi Langob. 326. Grog. Distris :—Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, France. Bor. Prov :—7...15...9—30.) Scortanp :—Loch na Cat! Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Grampians, common. Rev. J. M. Crombie. : TreLanp :—Not rare. Mr. Carroll. Ballynakill ! Galway; Mullacghglass! near Tully! Mr. Larbalestier. - Wates:—Llyn Aled. Mr. Grifith. (1796.) Tyn-y-groes. Mr, Holmes. Cwm Ffynnon-lloer ! Llyn-y-Cae! Cwm Cwlyd! Harlech Castle! Trefriw Falls! Conway Falls ! Llyn Gwernan! Aber Waterfall! ; “Spores .014—.018 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (yl) ‘‘ Spores .018—018 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .0183—015 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. forma punctata, (Dicks.) greyish-white, thin, rimulose, nigro- limitate ; apothecia minuie, numerous, subsessile, black, plane, ceesio-pruinose, thalline margin white, entire. On rocks and walls, rare. 1793. Syn :—Dicks. Crypt. 3. 15. (1793.) Crombie En 55, Z. cyrtaspis, Ach. L. U. 397. Syn. 137. Fie :—E. Bot. 450. Groc. Distris :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—2...5...15 ..29, 30. Eneianp :—Ludlow, Shropshire. D7. Joseph Babington. Coast of Sussex. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ScottanpD :—On rocks. Mr. Dickson. (1798). IRELAND :—Northern Counties. Adm. Jones. 58. LZ. Dicksonii, (Ach.) achraceoferruginous, thin, smooth, opake, rimose or areolato-rimose, nigro-determinate ; apothecia small, innate, concave, with thick black proper margin, nigricant within ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (thallus K—C—.) On rocks, frequent. 1781. pe sAch. Prodr. 76. (1798.) Nyl. Scand. 155. Z. Oederi, Sm. L. melano- phea, . Fic :—E. Bot. 1117. Maas. Ric. fig. 67. Exs :—Fellm. 120. Anzi It. 8. 218, Zw. 25. Scher. 123, Arn. 142. Leight. 127, Grog. Distrip:—Sweden, E. Lapland, Germany, Norway, Tyrol Alps, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10, 11.,.14, 15...19...26. EneLanp :—Middleton! Teesdale. Mr. Robertson. Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. Lounsdale, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Wrekin! Brown Clee Hill! Long Mynd ! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Near Edinburgh. Sir J. E. Smith. (1781.) Alpine rocks! Mr, Dickson. Kincardine ; Morrone; Rev. J. M. Crombie. IgzLaND :—Crogham, Killarney. Mr. Carroll, Mountains of Delphi! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Wates :—Anglesea. Rev. Hugh Davies. Barmouth! Moel Siabod! Crib Coch! Llyn Cwlyd! Snowdon! Bettws-y-coed ! Moel-y-gest ! ‘Spores .011—14 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (iyl.) Spores .013 mm. long, .006 mm. broad, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 197 59. L. cinereo-rufescens, (Ach.) darkly-cinereous, whiter towards the circumference, areolato-verrucose, rimose, hypothallus nigricant; apothecia immersed, at first concave, eventually discoid, dark-rufous, thalline margin entire; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (thallus K—C—, medulla I blue.) On sub-alpine rocks and walls, rare. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 677. (1810.) Syn. 141. Nyl. Scand, 154, Th, Fr, Scand, 284 Fie :—Mass. Ric. fig. 62. = Exs :—Hepp 625. Arn. 115, 436, Groce. DistR1B :—Lapland. Rot. Prov :—6, 7...15. ScotLanD :—Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. . Wats :—Barmouth. Rev. 7. Salwey. Aberystwith. Miss Atwood. “Spores .016—24 mm. long, .009—.010 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores .012 —24 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) forma diamarta, Ach. ochrey-red, rimoso-areolate, sub-determin- ate ; apothecia immersed, plane or slightly concave, black, thal- line margin fleauose, elevated. On alpine rocks, rare. 1870. Syn :~—Ach. Meth. 151. (1803.) Syn. 137. Nyl. Scand. 153, Crombie En. 55, Exs :—Anzi Langob, 74. -GEoa. Disrrip :—Norway, Russia, E, Pyrenees, Lombardy, Bort. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Breadalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie 60. LZ. subcinerea, Nyl. cinereous, thick, subverrucoso-unequal, rimoso-difract, (K—C—) ; apothecia fuscous-black, innate, plane, surrounded by a not very prominent thalline margin, internally colourless ; spores 8, colourless, subglobose or ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; epithecium fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea I slightly blue then vinous-red. On Gneissic rocks, rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 82. Bor. Prov :—10. Ena ann :;—Holwick Scar, Yorkshire. Mr, Harriman in herb. Sowerby. : aed to L, cinereo-rufescens. Spores 0.009—0.014 mm. long, 0.007—9 mm. road, 61. L. epulotica, (Ach.) pale or pallido-ochraceous or whitish, thin, rimulose or sub-continuous ; apothecia urceolate or innate, moderate, carneous or carneo-rufescent, margin thickish, concol- orous, circwmcised from the thallus; spores 8, colourless, ellip- tico-oblong, simple ; (thallus K—C—.) On calcareous rocks, not common. Syw :—Ach, L. U. 151. (1810.) Syn. 9. Lecidea, Nyl. Scand. 189, Exs :—Arn. 41, 164. Zw. 281. Anzi Langob. 77. Grog. Disters :—Switzerland, Hungary, Lombardy, Germany. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...7...11...15...26. EncLanD :—Middleton-in-Teesdale. Rev. J. Harriman. Boltshope Bourn, Durham, Mr, Winch, Torquay and near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. near Ashburton, 8. Devon. Dr. Holl. : ScottanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Trossachs; Killin; Ben Lawers; Craig Tulloch; The Khoil. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Irevanp :—Kylemore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—Llyn Gwernan, Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Nant Gwynant! Snowdon. _ ‘Spores .018—20 mm. long, .010—-11 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Apotheciis rosellis”—not to be confounded with LZ, lacustris, With. Spores .0165 mm, long, .011 mm, broad, 198 THE LICHEN-FLORA 62. L. Prevostii, (Fr.) white, cinerascent or fleshy-white, con- tiguous, often crustaceous; apothecia minute, immersed in foveolz, subrotund or variously difformed, concave, roseo-ancarnate at length obscurate, proper margin connivent, distinct from the thalline margin ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses gelatinoso- concrete; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; gelatina hy- menea I blue then subvinous. (K—C—). On calcareous rocks, not common. Syn :—Fries L. E. 197. (1831.) Nyl. Scand. 189. T. Fr. Scand. 289. Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 15 f. 1. Exs :—M. & N. 848. Mass. 330. Geroc. Distris :—Sweden, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, France. Bor. Prov :—8...15. ENncGLanp :—Cheddar! Mr. Borrer. ScorLaNnD :—Craig Guie. Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. The minute gonidia, as well as other characters, separate this from L. epulotica which has enormous concatenate gonidia, four times larger, and which with L. chrysophana, Korb. rhodopis, Smrft. odora, Ach. suaveolens, Ach. and others. Th. Fries Scand. p. 273 includes in a distinct genus Ionaspis, Th. Fr. Spores .012—-.013 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. ‘‘Spores .014—22 mm. long, .009—11 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 63. LZ. badia, Ach. olivaceo-fuscous or badio-fuscescent or fusco- cinerascent, shining, granulato-areolate ; apothecia appressed, nu- merous, often crowded, badio-fuscous or fuscous-black, shining, thalline margin entire or crenulate; spores 8, colourless, fusi- formi-ellipsoid, simple ; (thallus K—C—.) On mountain rocks, frequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 154, (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 170. Mudd Man, 144. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 20. f. 181. Exs :—Nyl. 42. Hepp 181. Fellm. 136, Anzi It. S. 167. Groce. DistRB :—Europe, generally. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7, 8...10, 11...15...18...26...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. Battersby Moor, Ayton Moor; Kildale Moor! Mr. Mudd. Charnwood Forest! Bardon Hill! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. near Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Torquay, Devon, Mr. Parfitt. Stannor Hill! Herefordshire; Devil’s Mouth ! ‘Long Mad 3 Caer aa Bodbury Ring! near Church Stretton ; Abdon Burf ! Stiperstones ! ropshire. Scor.anpD :—Garrynahine, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. Ben Lawers; Coast of Kin- cardine ; Cairn Turk, Braemar, Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Lurgedon Mountain, co. Antrim. Dr. Moore. Mount Leinster, Carlow, and near Caratough, co. Antrim, Adm. Jones. Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates:—Snowdon, Llanberis ascent! Barmouth! Cader Idris! Cwm Bochlwyd ! Cwm Cywion ! Llyn Cwlyd! Llyn Geirionydd! Craig Aderyn! CuannEL IsLanps :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .00225 in. long, by .0005 in. broad, t.2. f. 50.” (Mudd.) “Spores :009—.015 mm. long, .004--6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .016—16 mm, long, .004—6 mm broad. Spermatia acicular, straight.” (7. M. Fr.) forma cinerascens, Nyl. paler, cinerascent, On mountain rocks, frequent. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 170. (1861.) Exs :—Anzi Etr. 18. Grog. DistrrB :—Norway. Bot. Prov :—7...15. ScorLanD :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘Wats :—Cader Idris! Crib Coch! Snowdon ; Aran Mowddwy! Var. atriseda, Fr. brunneo-fuscous, granulato-areolate, granules OF GREAT BRITAIN. 199 more or less dispersed, tumid and convex; hypothallus thin, black ; apothecia pallido-fuscescent, innato-sessile in the granules, thalline margin thickish; spores ellipsoid, simple; (thallus K—C—.) On mountain rocks, not common. 1869, Syn :—Fr. L. E. 149. (1831.) Nyl. Scand. 170. T. M. Fries Scand. 267. Grog. DistRp :—Sweden, Finland. Bor. Prov :—7. Watss :—Dolgelley ! Dr. Holl. “ Spores .008—12 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores -008—13 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. Spermatia acicular, arcuato-curvate.” (T. M. Fr.) forma picea, Dicks. pttch-black ; apothecia black. On alpine rocks, rare. 1801. Syn :—Dicks. Crypt. 4. 12. (1801.) Fie —Dicks. 1, ok 12, f. 5. Exs :—Mudd 110. Grog. DisTRIB jo a. Bor. Prov :—5...10... ,eeouanas :—Top of ae kenge Cleveland. Mr. Mudd, Abdon Burf ! Shrop- snire. ao :—Grampians; Morrone! Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers, Dr. Olt. 64. LL. austera, Nyl. cervine or cervine-badious, unequal, rim- ose, thin; apothecia badious-brown, somewhat large, thalline mar- gin. badious, somewhat shining, jlexuose, often subcrenate and proliferous; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid ; paraphyses moderate, articulated ; gelatina hymenea I scarcely tinged but thece bluish. On weathered quartzose stones in gravelly places, very rare. 1874, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 309. Bor. Prov :—16. ScornanD:— Near summit of Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie, (1874.) ‘*Spores_0.009 mm. long, 0. a mm, broad. Spermatia 0.004—5 mm. long, not 0,001 mm broad.” (yl. ) 65. L. rhypariza, Nyl. pale or Ilurido-cinerascent, granulose or granuloso-squamulose, squamule sublobulato-concrescent or sub-dispersed ; apothecia fuscous, plane; spores 8, colourless, oblong or cylindraceo-oblong, simple, .021—27 mm. long, .006 —7 mm. broad. Forma curvescens, Mudd. fuscous-black, minutely granuloso- syuamulose ; apothecia elevato-sessile, margin paler, smooth, in- flexed ; spores 6-8, obtusely fusiform, curved, simple ; (thallus K—C—.) On alpine mosses and rocks, rare, 1858. Syn :—Nyl. in ne V. Ak. Forh. 1860. p. 296, Scand, 169, Mudd Man 125. Crombie En. 5: Fig :—Mudd Mon. t. 2. £. 38, Geog. Distr :—Norway. at Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones. pan .) ** Spores ,008 to .01 in. long, by ,001 in. broad, t. 2. 38.” (Mudd.) 200 THE LICHEN-FLORA 66. L. poliophea, (Whinb.) cinerascent or cinereo-fuscescent, granulato-papillate, diffract, or papillato-verrucose, fibrillose-byssine and albido-radiate at the circumference; apothecia dark-reddish- brown, plane, thalline margin crenulate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On maritime rocks, rare. 1821. Syn :—Wahlenberg F1. Lapp. 410. (1812.) Ach. Syn. 169, Nyl. Scand. 158, Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2662. f. 3, Wahl. 1. c, t, 27. f, 3. Exs :—Crombie 62. Gero. DistrB :—Norway, Finmark, Ireland. Bor. Prov —1...11...15...30, 31. Encianp :—Bamburgh and Staples Islands, Northumberland, Afr, Robertson. (1821.) Tol Peden Penwith, Cornwall! Mr. Borr ScotLanD :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Barclay’s rock, co. Down. Adm. Jones, CHANNEL Istanps :—Near Le Fret, Noirmont, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. «Spores .007—.013 mm. long, .035—.006 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .008 —.013 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad,” (7. M. Fr.) 67. LZ. verrucosa, Ach. white, glaucescent, verrucose, smooth or slightly pulverulent ; apothecia at jirst immersed in the thal- lodal verruce, (externally like a Pertusaria,) ultimately urceolate, rather large, black, slightly pruinose, thalline margin thick, entire, infleced ; proper margin: more or less conspicuous, nigri- cant; hypothecium slightly fuscescent ; paraphyses gelatinoso- concrete ; gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large; (medulla I—, thallus K— o—. on mosses in alpine localities, rare. 1861. Syn:—Ach. L, U. 339, (1810.) Nyl. Scand, 156, Mudd Man. 164, Th, Fr. Scand. 273. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 71. f. 193. Exs :—Hepp 193. Tuck. 22. Anzi It 8, 211. Th. M, Fr. 36, Scher, 133, Richardson 160. Crombie 73. Groc. Distris:—E. Finmark, Bavaria, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Sweden, Norway, Mackenzie River, and White Mountain, North erica. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Craig Calliach and Ben Lawers. Dr. Maingay. (1861.) Ben Laer: Sir W. J. Hooker. Craig Tulloch; above Loch-na-Cat. Rev. J, M. 'rombie. ‘Spores .008 to .01 in. long, by .005 to .007 in. broad. t. 3. f. 56.” (Mudd. ) “Spores .030—49 mm. long, .020—30 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .030—48 mm. long, .016—32 mm. broad.” (7%. M. Fr.) 68. L. symmictera, Nyl. Similar to Z. symmicta but dis- tinguished from L. symmicta (K—C orange) by different re-ac- tion K—C—. On trees and old pales, rare. 1872, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1872. p. 248. Crombie in Journ. Bot. u. 3. 2, 183. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 9. f. 68, Exs :—Hepp 68, 69. L. torquata, (Fr.) pale-mouse-colour, smooth, tartareous, rimoso-diffract, areole plane, nigricanti-limitate ; apothecia fuscous, black, sessile, margin pale, persistent, entire or flexuose ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple. On rocks, rare 1865. Syn :—Parmelia, Fr.8, V. O. 284 (1825.) Lecanora, Nyl. Prodr, 92, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 201 Fic :—Mass. Ric. f. 38. Exs :—Schar. 308. Anzi Langob. 44, Groce. Distris :— Pyrenees. Bor. Prov ;—5...31. Eneuanp :—Leigh Wood, Clifton. Mr. Larbalestier. (1865), Cuannut IstanDs :—La Moye, Jersey! Alderney. Mr. Larbalestier. Questionable if distinguishable from Lecidea rivulosa. Spores .011—.012 mm, long, .0045—,0055 mm, broad. 70. L. fuscescens, (Smrft.) whitish or cinereous, slightly gran- ulose ; hypothallus thin, fusco-nigrescent ; apothecia fuscous, mode- rate, plane, margined, internally whitish; spores 8, colourless, globular or subglobular, simple; paraphyses distinct; gelatina hymenea I intensely blue. On birch. / Syn :—Smrft. Lapp. p. 161. Nyl. Scand. 212. Bor. Prov :—15. gr ? ScorLtanD :—Base of Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Spores diam. 0.006—7 mm. 71. ZL. mammillifera, Strtn. darkly-cinereous or fusco-cinereous, -minutely areolato-diffract, areole plane, (K—C—); apothecia black or fuscous-black, small, prominent, convex, internally pallido- cinerascent, margin obtuse, at length depressed ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses few, distinct, somewhat thick, apices crasso-clavate, conglutinate, fuscous; hypothecium colourless; gelatina hymenea I czrulescent then fulvescent, especially the theo. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 85. (1875,) Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Ben-y-gloe. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) Spores .008—.01 mm, long, .007—.0085 mm. broad, 72, L. melanaspis, (Ach.) cinereo-glaucescent, suborbicular, ad- nate, areolate, verrucoso-rugose in the centre, radiato-laciniate in the circumference, lacinie convex, linear, multifid (K—C—) ; apothecia adpressed, fuscous-black or rufofuscous, margin entire ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On alpine rocks, rare, 1874. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 196. (1803.) Syn. 185. Nyl. Scand. 152, Exs :—T. M. Fries 56. Arn. 659. Geog. Distr :—Norway, Sweden, Finland, Lapland, Alps, Bor. Prov :—16. ScotLanD :—Ben Brecht, Argyleshire. Mr. Paterson (1874.) “ Spores .011—14 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .010—-14 mm. long, .006—10 mm, broad,” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .012—,013 mm, long, -006 -.007 mm. broad, FKAKKKE Disk of apothecia K and C red. 73. L. parella, (L.) whitish or albido-cinerascent, granulato- rugose or verrucoso-granulate or rimoso diffract; apothecia numerous, crowded, anguloso-difformed, disk plane, dusky-tes- taceous, coarsely albo-granulate, often verrucose ; margin thick, often radiato-crenulate ; spores 6-8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large ; (thallus K yellow OC yellow, the disk of apothecia alone becoming red.) 202 THE LICHEN-FLORA On rocks, frequent. Syn :—Linn. Mantissa, 1 p. 182. (1767.) Ach. Syn. 152. Nyl Scand. 156. Mudd Man. 155. Fic :—E. Bot. 727. Hepp Sporen. t. 71. f. 622. Exs :—Maudon 56, Anzi It. 8. 164. M. & N. 1145. Zw. 66. Larbal. 75. Grog. Distrrs :—Europe. Bort. Prov .—1, 2...4, 5, 6, 7...10, 11...15...18...(19—380.) 31. Encianp :—Ayton. Mr. Mudd. Whitestone Cliff! near Thirsk. Mr. Baker. Beachy Head! Dr. Hooker. Durham; Fern Islands, Northumberland. M7. Winch. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. Studley Castle, Warwickshire ; Malvern Hills. Mr. Purton. Ightham, Brastead, Chittingstone, Maidstone, Lydd Beach, Shoreham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. West Allen Carrs, Northumberland, Rev. W. Johnson. Guestling, Sussex ; and Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. EZ. N. Bloomfield. Moreton, North Bovey ; Lsing- ton; Inwardleigh ; Bottor Rock, Doddiscombesleigh. Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Nesscliff Hill! Bodbury Ring near Church Stretton ! Haughmond Hill! Llanymynech Hill! Caer Caradoc! Craigforda ! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Stennis, Orkney. Dr Lindsay. Long Island. Prof. Balfour. coast of Kincardine; Morrone; Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Isle of May, Firth of Forth. Mr. Sadler. IrELAND :—Common. Mr. Carroll. River Dawros! co, Galway. Mr. Larba- lestier. Wates :—Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Bloxam. Barmouth ! Diganwy near Conway ! Drwsynant! Trefriw! Towyn! Fishguard! Beaumaris ! Criccieth! Aber ! . CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Jersey ! and all the other Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .012 to .014 in. long, by .005 to .007 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .048—88 mm. long, .025—46 mm. broad.” (Nyl. & T. M.Fr.) forma pallescens, (L.) white, disk of apothecia albo-pruinose, margin thick, entire, smooth. On rocks and trees, frequent. Syw :—Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. No, 15. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 169, Nyl. Scand. 1857. Exs :—Maud. 3. Scher. 570. Nyl. 38. Anzi Etr. 16. Larbal. 76. Leight. 8. Geog. DisTrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...7. .15...25...31, EncianD :—Countess Weir Bridge, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. near Kingsbridge, S. Devon; Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C, Abbot. Llanyblodwel rocks ! ScorLanD :—Aberfeldy! Dr. Holl, Long Island. Prof. Balfour. Coast of Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killaloe and Mucruss. Mr. Carroll, ‘Wates :—Befween Bala and Dolgelley! Glyn! near Capel Curig. Llanbe- drog ! i IsLANDs :—St. Lawrence, Jersey! and all the other Islands, Mr. Larbalestier. forma tumidula, (Pers.) whitish, disk of apothecia carneo-tes- taceous, coarsely albo-granulate, margin thick, entire or crenate, smooth. On trees, not common. 1861. Syw :—Persoon in Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 11. p. 18. Ach. Syn. 170. Mudd Man. 155, : Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 21. f. 188. Exs :—Hepp 188. 784. Mudd 126. Korb. 275. Anzi Langob. 100. Arn. 140. Maudon 9. Anzi It. S. 165. Scher. 317. 318. Welw. Lusit. 88, Bohl. 60, M. & N. 1146. Geroc. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...7...10, 11, 12...15. Eneianp :—Near Easby! near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Haldon; Exmouth, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. near Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Lympne, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland; West Allen Cars, Northumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. ScoTLanD :—Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘Wates :—Trefriw ! (on sycamore) Llanbedr churchyard ! Lianyblodwel! OF GREAT BRITAIN, 203 forma Turnerit, (Sm.) albo-sorediate; margin of apothecia thick, entire, albo-gulverulent or sorediose. On trees, not common. 1801. Syn :—Smith i dn E. Bot, 857. (1801.) Ach. Syn. 170, Mudd Man. 155. Fie :—E. Bot. 857. Exs :—Mudd 127. Leight. 237. Gzoe, DistrrsB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3.. "10, 11...15...19...25. ENGLAND :—Near Ayton ! Newton Wood; Airyholme! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. near Shanklin; near Totness. Dr. Holl. near Exeter. Rev. J, M. Crombie. West Allen Carrs, Northumberland, Rev. W. Johnson. Hawkhurst, Tunbridge Wells, M7. Jenner, Halstead, Kent. Mr. Holmes. ScorLaNnp :—Castleton of Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IrEtanp :—Muckruss demesne. Adm. Jones. Deer Park, Castlemartyr; Kil- larney. Mr. Carroll. 74, DL. poriniformis, Nyl. cinereous or pallido-cinereous, firm, thin, rimoso-diffract ; apothecia 1-3-4, innate im conven verruce, (externally like a Pertusaria) disk pale, punctiformi-contracted ; spores 6-8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (K yellow C the verrucee and disk brownish- -red.) On micaceous-schistose mountain-rocks, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 353. Crombie En, 56. Exs :--Crombie 74. Geroa. DistRrB :—Europe, Bor. Prov :—15. Scorzanp :—Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones. (1865.) Portlethen ! Kincardine, Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .070-80 mm. long, .034—50 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 75. L. rupestris, (Scop.) whitish or dark-cinereous, thin and effuse, or tartareous, furfuraceous, rimuloso-areolate ; apothecta dull-orange, immersed, plane and margined, or emersed, convex, immarginate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo-oblong, simple ; (apothecia K red.) ‘ ; On calcareous rocks, common. forma. incrustans, (DC.) white, thin, effuse; apothecia small, immersed, plane, margined. Syn :—De Candolle Fl. Fr. 2. 361. (1805.) Scheer. En. 146. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t.31. f. 274. Exs :—M. & N. 944. upper spec. Scher. 220. Mass. 320. Grog. Distrip :—Europe, N. Zealand, Bot. Prov :—1...5...10. Ewetanp :—Vorkshire! Mr, G. Dixon. Chudleigh Rocks; Ansteys Cove, Torquay. Mr. Parfitt. Whitecliffe Rocks! Ludlow. forma calva, (Dicks.) white, thin, effuse; apothecia large, emersed, convex, immarginate. : On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1790, Syn :—Dickson Crypt. 2. 18, (1790.) Ach. Syn. 39, Nyl. Scand. 147. Mudd Man. 194. Fic :—E. Bot. 948. Dicks. Cr. t. 6. f. 4. Hepp Sporen t. 16, f, 134. Fixs :—Scher. 221. Hepp 134. Mass. 321. M. & N. 944. lower central spec. Grog. DisTris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—3...5 ..7.. 115. .19...26. ENGLAND :—Craig- y-Rhiw, Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Shotover Hill, Oxford. Mr. Baxter. Oversley. Green Bridge; Coughton Court, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton, Whitecliffe Rocks! Ludlow! Lianymynech Hill! Downton Castle woods! Shropshire, 204 THE LICHEN-FLORA Scornann :— Highlands. Mr. Dickson. (1790.) IRELAND :—Cork ! Mr. Carroll. Ballynakill! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. WALES :— Great Orme’s Head! Eglwyseg rocks! . forma rufescens, (Hffm.) nigricanti-cinereous, tartareous, furfur- aceous, rimuloso-areolate ; apothecia large, convex, immarginate. On calcareous rocks. Syn :—Hoffm. PL. Lich. 1. 80. 1790.) Scher. En. 146. Eexs :—Hepp 7. Mass 322. Mudd 161, M. & N. 944, right and left spec. Gzoc. Distris :—Europe. Bor, Prov :—3...5...10...26. EneLanp:—Carlton! Newton Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Holywell, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Wenlock! Steeraway lime rocks! Shropshire. IRELAND ;—Old bridge near Kylemore ! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. forma viridi-flavescens, (Wulf.) aldido-cinereous, tartareous, rimuloso-areolate ; apothecia large or small, yellowish or orange, sub-innate or emersed, immarginate. Syn :—Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. 3. 101. (1789.) Scher. En, 146. Mudd Man. 194, Fie :—Jacq. Coll. 3. t. 2, f. 1. Hepp Sporen t. 31, £. 275, Exs :—Leight. 119. Geog. Distris :— Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...10...19. EncLanp :—Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Shoreham, Folkestone, Kent, Mr. Holmes. Whitecliff rocks near Ludlow ! InxLaND :—Whitepoint, Cork. Mr. Carroll, KREKEKEE Disk of apothecium C yellow. 76. L. glaucoma, (Hffm.) whitish or glaucous-white, rimoso- areolate; apotheciu livid or livido-nigricant, innate or subsessile, plane or convex, ce@sio-pruinose, thalline margin thin or tumid, entire, flexuose, or obliterated; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; disk of apothecium C yellow, thallus K yellow. On rocks, frequent. Syn :—Hoffm. Fl, G. 172. (1795.) Ach. Syn. 165, Nyl. Scand. 159, Mudd Man. 153. Fia :—E. Bot, 2156. : Exs :—Schen 304. Mudd 122. Dicks. 22. Zw. 72. Korb. 217. Anzi It. 8. 196, A.C. M. &N. 547. Leight. 53, Geroa. Distris :—Pyrenees ! Switzerland! Italy! S. W. Germany ! Silesia ! Vosges! Tyrol Alps! Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...10, 11...15...(19—30)...31. ENGLAND i Clitiries, ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd, Bolt Head! &. Devon. Dr. Holl, Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Dunsford ; Goodrington ; Chud- leigh, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Whiddon Park; Penwood near Ilsington ! Widde- combe-in-the-Moor, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Haughmond Hill! Bod- bury Ring! near Church Stretton. ScorLanD :—Portlethen, Kincardineshire, Rev, J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Not rare. Mr. Carroll, ‘Watss :—Anglesea. Rev. Hugh Davies. Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Blowam. Moel-y- Golfa! Montgomeryshire ; Borth! Cardiganshire; between Fishguard and Llanachar! Pen Cow! Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL IstnDs :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. ** Spores .003 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .010--13 mm. long, .006 - 7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .011—14 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fv.) Forma cerulata, (Flot.) apotheciaceruleo-nigricant, ceesio-pruinose, plano-convex, thalline margin obliterated, proper margin thin, black, flexuose. On rocks. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 205 Syn :—Flot. L. Siles. 1850.) Ach. S 166. lecideina, N: Fie :oHotim PL Lick: 55.5 Sn een eens a eat 73. 74, re Se Anal oe 67. £0c. Distris :—Tyro lps! Switzerland! Madeira! Ni ! bardy ! Arctic America ! a A Dia Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Highlands! Mr. Borrer. Forma cinereo-pruinosa, apothecia hemispherical, disk convex, carneous, granulate, cinereo-pruinose, margin. obliterated. On rocks, Fic s—Tieop Gperen, 6. f. 60. and t. 103. f. 904. Exs :—Hepp 60. Grog. DistErs :—Sweden ! Italy ! Germany ! Bor. Prov :—10...23, Ene.anp :—Lanbranghrigg ! er Mr, Mudd. IRELAND :—Near Kinsale. Mr. Carroll. Forma Swartzii, (Ach.} diffuse, verrucoso-granulato-areolate, “ambitu radioso-fimbriato ” ; apothecia aggregato-conglomerate, deformed, cinereo-glaucous, pruinose, margin thick, subtumid, undulate. On alpine rocks, rare. 1801. Syn :—Ach. Prod. 55. (1798.) Syn. 166. Nyl. Scand, 159, Dicks. Br. Crypt. 4, 28. Fic :—Ach. N. Act. Se. oo 15. 6. f. 3, Exs :—Arn. 249, Reich. & Schub. 74. Geoc. Distr :—Hungary ! Bavaria! Bor. Prov :—15. SootLanp :—Highlands! Mr. Dickson. near Invercauld co, Aberdeen. Mr. Brown. (1810.) Morrone in Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Forma complanata, Leight. thallus and apothecia smoothed down to one uniform plane, apothecia innate, nigricant. On slaty rocks, rare. 1875. Wai ai bone yaya Towyn (1875.) between Fishguard and Llana- ‘ALES :—Pont near Towyn een an char! Pembrokeshire. 77. L. angulosa, (Ach.) cinerascent, membranaceous, smooth, at length unequal or rugoso-sub-rimose ; apothecia crowded in the centre, subangulose, plane or slightly convex, pale-rufous or pale, slightly cesio-pruinose, margin sub-entire or sub-crenulate; para- physes slender, sub-distinct. On trees. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 54. (1793.) Eva. 166. Nyl. Scand. 161. Stiznb. 1. c. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 89. f. 7 Exs :—Scher. 540. Hep; e780. at imane 929) Smrft. 64. Mudd 114. 115, NyL Pyr. Or. 19. Anzi It. S. TP. 179, Anzi Langob. 193. Geroa. DistR1B : —Europe. Bor. Prov :—3...5...10...24. ENGLAND :—Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Totham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Hurst Wood, Kent. Mr, Holmes. Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. West- bi ! Shropshire. Mr. W. Phillips. Loppington ! Nesscliff Hill! Haughmond Hill! Kingsland! near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. KKEREKEKE Dash of apothecium a, 78. L. sub-carnea, (Ach.) yellowish-white, tartareous, gran- ulato-areolato-rimose, sub-radiate at the circumference ; 3 apothecia carneous, plane or convex, smooth, pruinose, frequently conglom- 206 THE LICHEN-FLORA erato-deformed, margin thick, subtumid, undulate, in age thinner and subobliterate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (disk of apothecium C—. thallus K yellow then orange red.) On alpine rocks, rare. — . Meth. 59. (1803.) Syn. 45. Nyl. Scand. 159. fre ie NN. Ack Ber 1 t. 6. f. 4. Hepp Sporen t. 103. £. 905. Exs -_Nyl. 41. Zw. 75. Hepp 905. Lindig 164. Anzi Etr. 19. Mass. 309. Gzoc. Distrrs :—Fontainebleau! Ardennes! [ozere! France! Germany ! Heidelberg! Algeria! Lapland! Bogota! N. Granada, Italy ! Bor. Prov :—2...7...15...26...31, Scotianp :—Morrone! Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Dawros Bridge! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. WaALes :—Barmouth ! Craig Dhu! near Criccieth. CHANNEL IsLaNDS :—Near Boulay Bay, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. 79. L. albella, (Pers.) white; silvery, determinate, thin, mem- branaceous, smooth ; apothecia scattered, concave or plane, pale or flesh-coloured, ceesio-pruinose or naked, margin entire; para- physes thick, free; (thallus K yellow.) On trees, not common. Syn :—Persoon in Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 11. p. 13. (1794.) Ach. Syn. 168. Ny]. Soe Te Seen Le wlees 17a. peas, ee "i Fie :—E. Bot. 2154. Hepp Sporen t. 21. f. 187. Exs :—M. & N. 1054. Scher. 315. Fellm. 127. Anzi It. S. 178. Bohl. 77. Geroc. DistR1B :—Sweden, Germany, France, Helvetia, America, California, Isle Bourbon, Vosges, Hungary, Arctic America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...10...15...31, ENGLAND :—Stanstead Park, Essex. Mr. Jacob. Ayton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Hay Park, Herefordshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Ide near Exeter ; Exmouth! Chudleigh, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Pophills, Warwickshire. Rev. W. S. Rufford. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Ightham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Lop- pington ! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. ScoTLaNnD :—Aviemore. Adm. Jones. not uncommon. Rev. J. M. Crombie. CHANNEL Isnanps :—St. Ouen’s Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘*Gelatina hymenea I blue then nearly colourless or sometimes lutescent and the thecze vinoso-fulvescent, their apices persistent blue. Spores .0U9—.011 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl,) 80. LZ. peralbella, Nyl. Similar to ZL. albelia, but differs in the gelatina hymenea becoming I vinous-red. On trees, thorns, &c., rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1872. p. 365. Fic :—E. Bot. 1651. ex herb. Sowerby in Brit. Mus. Exs :—Scher. 315. Groce. Distr1B :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—2...(13—18)...26. EncLianp :—New Forest, Hants, Miss Biddulph, ScotLanD :—Mr. Turner. TRELAND :—Killery Bay, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. C. Spores polari-bilocular. 81. LZ. aurantiaca, (Lightf.) flavescent or pale-lemon-colour, granulate, rugose or unequal, rimose ; apothecia orange-coloured, biatorine, thalline margin obtuse, pale-yellow, undulate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, polari-bilocular; (thallus and apothecia K crimson.) var. salicina, (Schrad.) On ash trees. 1782. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 207 Syn :—Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 2. 810. (1777.) Ach. Syn. 50. Sir eae ( ) Ac yn. 50. 175. Nyl. Scand. 142. ac cg eae oe Pl. L. t. 61. f. 3—9, x8 :—M. . Scher. 537. Fellm. 107, Welw. Lusit. 67. Mudd 99. Anzi Venet. 27. Bohl. 118, Fries. 41. Leight. 212. Grog. Distris :—Europe, Africa, America, Australasia. Bor. Prov:—I, 2, 3, 4, 5...8...11...14...(19—30)...31. Eneuanp :—Kennington. Mr, Sowerby. Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Haddiscoe, Suffolk. Mr. Turner. Cocken ; Castle Eden and Dalton Denes; Gibside, Ham- sterley 3 Teesdale Durham ; near Hexham and Chollerford, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. near Berwick. Dr. G. Johnston. Exminster Marshes, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Gopsall Park, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Goldhanger, Essex. Mr. Varenne. ame Park! Oxfordshire. Mr. ZLarbalestier. Malvern. Mr. W. Joshua. Beechborough Park, near Sandgate, Halstead, Kent. Mr. Holmes. ScorLanD :—Edinburgh. Sir. J. E. Smith. (1782.) IrELAND:—Frequent. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘* Spores .0025 to .003 in. long, by .001 to .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores :012—.018 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .013—18 mm. _ long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Spores .016—.019 mm. long, .009— .010 mm. broad. Var. erythrella, Ach. yellowish, thin, areolato-diffract, or rugose and rimose; apothecia dark-orange, margin thin, obliterated ; (thallus and apothecia K crimson.) On rocks and earth, frequent. _ Syn :—Ach. Meth. 174. (1803.) Syn. 175. Nyl. Scand. 142. Fie :—Hffm. Pl. L. t. 20. f. 1. E. Bot. 1993, Hepp Sporen t. 22 f. 198. ga ee 198. Anzi It. S. 136. Mudd 100. Scher, 223, Mass, 238. 239, iw. 94, Geroe. Distris :—Europe, America. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6...10...15...18, 19...26. Enetanp :—Bath! Mr. Broome. Craig-y-Rhiw near Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. Kildale! Roseberry ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Devonshire. Mr. Parfitt, Llanymynech Hill! Red Hill! Llanyblodwel rocks ! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Glen Oreby about Loch Tay and elsewhere in the Highlands. Messrs. Hooker & Borrer. Garrynahine, Lewis; Stennis, Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Blackrock! near Cork. Mr. Carroll. S. side Kylemore lake! Glencorbol! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watts :—Bishopton Glen ! Glamorganshire. Spores .014—.015 mm. long, .008—.009 mm. broad. Var. inalpina, Ach. pale-yellowish or greenish, very thin, minutely areolato-rimose, unequal, furfuraceous ; apothecia orange, margin paler, flavescent ; (K crimson.) On rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 388, (1810.) Syn. 179. Nyl. Scand. 142. Mudd Man. 137. Exs :—Mudd 101. Grog, Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—3...5...7, 8...10...15, 16.,.19. EncLanD :—Lanbraugh Rigg! Darlington; Yarm; Easby! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Kelvedon; Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Bredon Hill! Leicestershire ; Middle ! Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ; ScortLanp :—Western parts. Rev. J. M.Crombie. TRELAND :—Whitepoint! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Watues :— Harlech Castle ! Var. rubescens, (Scher.) yellow or greyish-brown, leproso-tartare- ous, thin, rimoso-diffract, often evanescent ; apothecia small, dark- orange-red, margin concolorous ; (K crimson.) On rocks, rare. Srw :—Scher. Spic. 185. Ach. Syn. 176. Nyl. Scand. 142. Mudd Man. 138. q@ :—He oren t. 72. f. 636, ay eae 6, 687. Mass. 249, Anzi It. S. 135. Scher. 224. 208 THE LICHEN-FLORA Geroc. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...10...19. ENGLAND :—Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. IRELAND :—Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Wates :—Near Llangollen! Spores .021 mm. long, .007—.009 mm. broad. 82. L. ochracea, (Scher.) pale-ochrey-yellow, thin, continuous or obsoletely rimoso-areolate ; apothecia croceo-fulvous or orange, plane, margin entire, paler ; spores 8, colourless, polari-bilocular ; (thallus and apothecia K crimson.) On limestone rocks, not common. Syn :—Lecidea, Scher. in Nat. Anz. 1810. p. 11. Z. aurantiaca var. Nyl. Prodr. 76. L. icterica, Tayl! Exs :—Scher. 222. Zw. 268, Arn. 224, Anzi It. S. 138. Mass. 114. Grog, Distrrp :—Europe. . Prov :—1...3...6...8...10...19.,.24...28, : Encuanp :--Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Malham Tarn, Yorkshire. Mr, Hailstone. Buxton, Derbyshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Hope near Kingsbridge, 8. Devon. Dr. Holl. Heavitree, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. TrREvanD :—Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Carrigoginmel, Limerick; Kenmare. Mr. Carroll. Sheep Walk, Armagh. Adm. Jones. Wass :—Giltar Point! Tenby. ** Spores .002 to .0025 in. long. by .00125 to .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores -014—.0195 mm. long, .006—.008 mm, broad. 83, L. ferruginea, (Huds.) albo-cinerascent or plumbeo-cineras- cent, or ceesious, thin, smoothish, contiguous or furfuraceous, or crustaceous, granuloso or verruculoso-areolate, or evanescent ; apoth- ecia ferruginous-red, biatorine, plane, proper margin flexuose or undulate, paler; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, polari-bilocular. On trees and rocks, not uncommon. 1778. forma corticola, albo-cinerascent, smoothtsh, contiguous or fur- furaceous. we :~Huds, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 526. 1778.) Nyl. Scand. 148, Mudd Man. Fia :—E. Bot. 1650. (in part) Hffm. Pl. L. t. 12, f. 1. Exs :—Zw. 95. A. Scher. 583, Mass. 221, Anzi It. S.145. Bohl.108. M. & N. 1055. Stenh, 187. Geroc. Distr1B :—Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...10.,.18...26...31. EneLanD :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Ardingly, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. Bovey Tracey, Devon. Mr. Puddicombe. Halfpenny Hill! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Airyholme Wood ! Cleveland. Mr, Mudd. Salcombe Hill, Sidmouth; Berry Hea Torbay ; Lustleigh Cleve; Whitstorie Hill, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Ply- mouth. Mr. Holmes. Kelvedon ; Feering; Rivenh Essex. Mr. Varenne. Malvern Hills. Mr. Purton, Salford Bridge, Warwickshire, Rev. W. S. Rufford. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Ayrshire. Mrs. Dobie. IreLanp :—Glenarm Park! Blarney. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore lake! Mr. Larbalestier. UHANNEL IsLANDs :—Jersey ; Guernsey ; Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .014—.015 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. forma saxicola, plumbeo-cinerascent, or cesious, thickish, crus- taceous, granuloso or verrucoso-areolate. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 143, Fia :—E. Bot. 1650. (in part). Exs :—Zw. 95. B. Mass. 225, 224. 228. Scher. 448. Mudd 102, Anzi It. 8, 144. Langob. 28. Maudon 60. Fellm. 109. Leight. 85. Grog. Distr :—Europe. - Bor. Prov :—2...5, 6, 7.,.10...13...18...(19—26—30), OF GREAT BRITAIN. 209 ENGLAND : — Cliffrigg! Roseberry! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Oswestry ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Hastings, Mr. W. Joshua. Bodbury Ring! pent foun Stretton ; Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. Stannor Hill! Here- ordshire. Scortanp :—Glasgow. Mr. Galt. Stennis. Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—Common on rocks! Mr. Carroll. River Dawros! co. Galway; Miderlin near Kylemore ; Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Aberdovey. Rev. A. Bloxam. between Bala and Dolgelley! St. David’s ! Pembrokeshire. forma festiva, (Ach.) thallus evanescent, apothecia numerous. On rocks. Syn ;—Ach. Syn. 44. (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 143. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 22. f. 201. : Exs :—Korb. 276. Hepp 201. Scher. 449. Anzi Langob. 272. Leight. 85. Grog. Distr1p :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...12...15...19.,.26...30, 31. ENnGuanp :— Oswestry ! Rev. 7’. Salwey. Starcross, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. IRFLAND :—Larne, co. Antrim. Dr. Moore, Miderlin near Kylemore and Lettermore! Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Gimlet Rock ! Pwlhelli. Y Fegle fawr! near Barmouth. Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. South Stacks! Holyhead. HANNEL ISLANDS ;—Jersey ; Guernsey; Sark. Mr Larbalestier. Mr. Crombie finds on maritime rocks in Kincardineshire a var. concilians, Nyl. Scan. 143. Lojka 1148. ‘‘thallo cinerascente, granuloso-areolato, apotheciis ferrugineo-fuscis vel fusco-nigris, lecanorinis vel demum biatorinis.” And also at Cove, Kincardineshire, and coast of Isle of Man north of Douglas! Mr. Martindale. another var. fuscoatra, (Zw. 96.) in which the apothecia have a distinct thalline margin. Mr. Carroll has also observed another state or variety olypeena, Ach. (Nyl. Scand. 143) ‘‘apotheciis fuscescentibus” at the upper Te, Killarney. forma scotoplaca, Nyl. umbrino-nigricant, smooth, thin, con- tinuous, rimoso-diffract, apothecia ochraceo-ferruginous, biatoroid. Spores .009—.0011 mm. long, -005—6 mm. broad. On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 232. Grog. Distr1B :—France. Bor. Prov :—26. TrEtanp :—Kylemore, Connemara. M7. Larbalestier. (1876.) 84. L. Turneriana, Ach. nigrofuscous, thickish, areolato-rimose or diffract, areole verrucose, rugose and unequal ; apothecia flavo- rufescent, plane or subconvex, margin thick, entire, persistent, of a paler-yellow ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, polari-bilocular. On rocks, not common. 1876. Syn :—Lecidea, Ach. L. U. p. 206 (1810.) Syn. 49, Bor. Prov :—6...26, IRELAND :—Killery Bay !| Dawros river! Connemara. My. Larbalestier. (1876.) ‘WateEs :—St. David’s ! Pembrokeshire, 85. LZ. cerina, (Ehrh.) cinereous, thin, unequal or granulate, hypothallus nigricanti-cerulescent ; apothecia pale-waxy-yellow, lecanorine, plane, thalline margin distinct, entire, thin; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, polari-bilocular, with longitudinal channel ; (K crimson.) On trees, &c., frequent. 1793. Syn :—Ehrhart Crypt. No. 216. (1785.) Ach. Syn. 173, Nyl. Scand, 144. Mudd Man. 135. Fia :—E. Bot. 627. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 33. £. 1. b. eve Sporen t. 22 f. 203. Exs :—M. & N. 460. Scher. 219. Hepp 203. Mudd 97, Leight. 83. Rabh. 932; Groc. Distr1B :—Europe, Africa, N. America, : : P 210 THE LICHEN-FLORA Bor. Prov :—l, 2, 3, 4, 5...10, 11...(19—380)...31. Encianb :—Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. 7’, Salwey. Ayton! Bilsdale! Cleve- land. Mr. Mudd. Coltishall, Norfolk. Mr. Turner. Lambeth. M7. Sowerby. Woods on the Derwent ! near Healeyfield and about Gainford, Durham. Mr. Winch. Countess Weir, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. Colchester ; Hasthorpe ; Kelvedon; Osey Island, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton, near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Wrotham, Brastead, Hythe, Sibertswold, Shoreham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Sutton ! near Shrewsbury. TRELAND :—Common. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Common on all the larger Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0025 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .012—18 mm. long, .006—9 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) Spores ‘‘.012—18 mm. long, .006—10 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .0145 mm. long, .007—.008 mm. broad. Var, cyanolepra, (DC ) cinereo-ceerulescent, hypothallus predo- minating over the thin thallus. On smooth-barked trees. Syn :—De Candolle Fl. Franc. 2. 560. (1805.) Nyl. Scand. 144. Fie :—Hfftm. Pl. L. ¢. 33. f. 1. a. Exs :—Fellm. 105. Mass. 226. Anzi Langob. 300. coe Distrip :—E. Lapland, France, Italy, Switzerland, Lombardy, Scan- navia. Bot. Prov:—5. Encuanp :—New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Near Shrewsbury ! Var. chlorina, Fw. verdigris-green, granulato-areolate, compact? thallus and hypothallus intermingled. On rocks, rare. 1861. Syn :—Flotow FI. Siles. 126. 1849.) Mudd Man. 186. Exs: —Anzi Langob. 33. Korb. 128, Groce. Distris :-—Germany, Silesia. Bot. Prov :—10. .26. - Ene Lanp :—On rocks near Newton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1861.) IRELAND :—Corig, Lough Corrib! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. stillicidiorum, (Hornem.) albo-cinerascent, effuse, thin, granulate or leprose; apothecia paler or darker, waxy-yellow, margin pallido-cinerascent. On mosses, not common. 1799. i Syn —Hornemann in FI. Dan. t. 1063. f. 2. (1792.) Ach. Syn. 173. Nyl. Scand. 44, Fie :—E. Bot. 1373, _ Exs :—Bohl. 94. Anzi Langob, 92. Mass, 229, Groc..D1sTRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...3...7, 8...11...15. , EnGLanp :—Eglestone, Durham. Rev, J. Harriman. (1799.) Teesdale. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Buxton, Derbyshire. Dr. Holl. Moreton Hampstead, Dart- moor, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Goldhanger, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Scortanp :—Castleton, Braemar. Adm. Jones. Morrone; Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. WALES :—Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. ‘* Spores .OL6—.0165 mm, long, .008—.009 mm. broad. Var. fusca, Mass. fuscous ; apothecia luteo-fuscous, thalline margin cinereous. On trees and pales, rare. 1874. Syn :—Mass. Sched. 130, Exs :—Mass. 227. Mudd 97. Gxoc. Disrris :—Italy. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...10 ENGLAND :—Bilsdale ! Yorkshire! Mr Mudd. Wats :—Towyn ! (1874.) Aberdovey ! Spores .0122 mm. long, .0061 mm. Toad” ‘ (Mass.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 211 forma cyanopolia, Nyl. darkly-cinereous, sometimes ccesio-ccerulescent, subleprose or depresso-granulate and rimoso-diffract ; apothecia pale-yellow-orange, subconcave with an elevated czsio-cerulescent margin, at length biatorine. .On wet stones, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. Lapp. Or. p. 128 (1866). Bot. Prov ;—26. IRELAND :—Between Lough Feagh and Lough Muck ! Mv, Larbalestier. (1877.) 86. L. pyracea, (Ach.) whitish or obsolete and evanescent ; apothecia red-orange, small, biatorine, pale, margined, at length convex, (K crimson) ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, l-septate or polari-bilocular with longitudinal tube. On trees and walls. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 176. (1803.) Syn, 49. ‘Nye Scand. 145. Mudd Man. 136, Fic :—E. Bot. 2245. Hepp aoe 58. Exs :—Fellm. 106. Nyl. 120. M. & w “T150. forbs specimen) Mudd 98, Hepp 500. Zw. 328. Boni. 76. Arn, 281. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 73. Leight. 84, Grog. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7, $. .10, 11...13, 14...26. EncLanp ;—Near Masham ! Tneleby ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Twycross! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Beamish, Durham. Mr. Winch. Torquay ! Devon, Dr. Deakin. ScorLanp :—Southern parts. Rev. J. M. Cromb: IRELAND :—Westport! co. Mayo. Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Llyn Aran, Cader Idris ! *‘ Spores .002 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” ( Mudd.) ‘Spores .011—16 mm, long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) “Spores .011—15 mm. long, .006—8 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Var. ulmicola, (DC.) apothecia orange-yellow, margin paler- yellow. , , On trees, beech, not common. 1805. Syn :—De Candolle Fl. Franc. oi 358. (1805.) Hook. Br. Fl, 2. 186. Z, luteo- alba, Ach. Syn. 49. Nyl. Scand. ‘Fra :—E. Bot, 1426. Tiopp Sporn 22, £. 2 Exs :~—Mass. 234. 232 zr. 475. Anzi It. s "139. 140. Hepp 202. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Puov:—1,2,3,4,5. -10...24, ENGLanp :—Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Easby Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. near Stoke House, Chichester! Mr. Cooke. itstone, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Kelve- don; Coggeshall; Braxted! Witham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Pophills, War- wickshire, Rev. W. 8. Rufford. Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. EZ. N. Bloomfield. Holton Park, Oxfordshire. My. Larbalestier. Barnsley Park, near Cirencester. ‘Mr. W. Joshua, Boxhill, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Wrotham, Hothfield, Eyns- ford, Shoreham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. ja BEUAND :—Castleconnel! near Limerick. Mr. Carroll. Curraghmore, Adm, Oa .012—.014 mm. long, .0065 —.007 mm, broad. Var. holocarpa, (Ehrh.) greyish-black, thin, entire or scattered and. furfuraceous, granulate ; apothecia crowded, angular, waxy- yellow-orange, sub-concave or plane, margin entire, paler. On flints and palings, not frequent. | sed ao Crypt. No, 284. (1793.) Ach, Syn. 49. Nyl. Scand, 145, Mudd an. Fie :—E. Bot. 2009. Hepp Sporen t. 9. £. 73. Exs :—Hepp 73. Mass. 233. 235. Anzi Langob. 96. Grog. DistRr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...10. 3 ENGLAND :—Sussex Downs. Mr. Borrer. Bury. Rev. G, R. Leathes; Ingleby ! = THE LICHEN-FLORA Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Bath. Mr. Broome. Penzance, Rev. 7. Salwey. Anstey's Cove, Torquay. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedoa : Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Grat- ton, Warwickshire. Rev. W. S. Rujford. Grinshill! Longmynd ! Shropshire. e Spores .010—14 mm. long, .006—.110 mm. broad.” (Wy) Var. pyrithroma, (Ach.) brownish-grey, continuous, rugulose ; apothecia minute, sub-immersed, concave, pale-greenish-dun colour with a bright-yellow pruina, margin very tumid, inflexed, bright yellow. On siliceous slate. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 206. 1810.) Syn. 39. Crombie Enum. 47. picta, Tayl. FI. Hib. 2. 130. Geoa. DIsTRIB ee Sweden. Bor. Prov :—11...19...26. ENGLAND :—Dutham. Rev. J. Harriman. IRELAND :—Dunkerron and elsewhere in co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. near Lough Inagh and Cleghan, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. 87. L. hematites, Chaub. cinereous, contiguous, verruculose, sublimitate, hypothallus ceerulescent ; apothecia dusky-ferruginous-red, plane, sessile, margin somewhat. thick, cwruleo-cinerascent, persis- tent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, polari-bilocular. On trees, rare. Syn :—Chaub. in St. Arn. Fl. Ag. 492. (1821.) Nyl. Prod. ua ae Par. 64 Exs :—Coém. 321. Zw. 263. Mass. 170. Korb. 244. Anzi Etr. Groce. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor, Prov :—5. ENGLAND :—Alderminster! Worcestershire. M7. Lees. 88. L. arenaria, (Pers.) albo-cinerascent, thin, yranulato-pul- wverulent at the centre, rotundato-lobate, and crenate at the ci- cumference ; apothecia sessile, plane, dark-tawny-red, margin pale- orange-red, thalline margin white, crenate, undulate ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, polari-bilocular. On rocks and walls, not frequent. 1783. Syn :—Pers. in Ust. Ann. 7. p. 27. (1794 ) Ach. Syn. 162. Placodium tzicholy- tum, Nyl. Prodr. 73. Callopisma arenarium, Mudd Man. 138. Fic :—E. Bot. 1040. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 58. f.1. Hepp Sporen t. 22. fig. 199. Exs :—Zw. 97. Fries 348, Hepp 199. Scher. 632, Bor. Prov. :—2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7. Geoc. Distr :—Europe. © ENGLAND Stranmpehagr, Norfolk. Sir J. FE. Smith. (1783.) Wisbeach, Nor- ‘folk. Mr. Skrimshire. Maidstone, Kent Adm. Jones. near Shanklin, Isle of ‘Wight. Mr. Hyndman. Fairlight near Hastings. Dr. Holl. Cog; eshall, Essex. Mr, Varenne. Pophills, Warwickshire. Rev. W.S. Rufford. near ereford. Mr. W. Joshua. Wa es :—Conway ! Fishguard Harbour ! Pembrokeshire. ‘« Spores .003 to .004 in. long, by .001 to .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .015 mm. long, .009—.0J0 mm. broad. 89. ZL. Lallavei, (Clem.) white, tartareous, smooth, rimoso- areolate, sub-lobate at the circumference ; apothecia sub-cmmersed, plane, intensely-red, scarcely margined ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- tico-oblong, polari-bilocular. On calcareous rocks, rare. Sy~ :—Clem. Ess, 295. Sere ) Ach. Syn. 45. Mudd Man. 139, Fic :—Mudd1.c. t. 2. f. 4 Exs :—Anzi Etr. 15. Scheer 584. Mass. 45, Geoc. Distr1B :—Europe, Bor, Provi—19 QF GREAT BRITAIN. 213 Trsvanp :—Uower Glanmire road, Cork. Mr. Carroll. ‘* Spores ,003 to .0035 in. lOnr, by -0015 to .002 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores -015—.017 mm. long, .0085—.01 90. ZL. epixantha, a iene -yellow or grecnish-grey, effuse, thin, granulose (K—-C—) ; apothecia crowded, pale-tawny-orange, plane or sub-convex ; thalline margin sub-crenulate; spores 8, colourless, oblong, polari-bilocular. On rocks, pales, posts, and trees, not common, 1861, Srn Sree oo U, 208, (1810.) Nyl. Scand, 141, Lapp. Or, 127. vitellinella, Mudd Man. 1 Exs ata 298. 491. Rabh. 798. Gxoc. Distais :—Europe, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—2...5...19...31. ENGLAND :—Near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Langley, Eastbourne! Mr. Roper, Inevanp :—Rocks and Walls near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Cuannex IsLanps :—Vale Castle, Jersey ! Mr. Larbatestier “Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd. 91. L. phlogina, (Ach.) citrine, effuse, geciilows: granules dispersed, globular, leprose, (K—) ; apothecia yellow-orange, waxy, somewhat convex, biatori me; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, polari-bilocular. On trees, rare, 1870. Syn ;—Ach, Meth, 180, ae igh Scand. 141. Fre :—Hepp Sporen t. 44. f. 3! Exs :—Nyl. 121. Hepp 395, Bor. Prov :— 2. ENGLAND :—Near Hastings, Sussex. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) ‘Spores .011—15 mm. long, .006—9 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 92. L. diphyodes, Nyl. mouse-colowred or cinerascent, thin, rimoso-diffract, determinate; apothecia fusco-nigricant, somewhat plane, prominent, imposed on the stratum gonidicum, zeorine (i, e, with a more or less visible double margin, proper and thal- line entire) internally whitish ; spores 8, colourless, placodine, but without any axial tube ; paraphyses moderate ; epithecium fusces- cent, (K violet-purple) ; spermatia oblong, affixed to shortish arth- rosterigmata, On granitic maritime rocks, very rare. 1872. Syn :—Ny]l. in Flora 1872. p. 353. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s, 2. 133, Exs :—Arn. 616, Grog. Disrrre :—France. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp :—Near Portlethen, coast of Httoadatnadhiiew: Rev, J. M. Crombie. (1872.) ae .012—18 mm. long, .006—8 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) 93. L. refellens Nyl. cinerascent, thin, continuous, unequal, everywhere clothed with minute virescent soredia (K—C—) ; apoth- ecia pallido-rufescent, plane, thalline margin thin subpulverulent or at length evanescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, polari- bilocular, with longitudinal tube; epithecium lutescent ; paraphyses thickish ; gelatina hymenea I intensely blue, especially the theca, On poplar, very rare. 1876. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 458. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Near Kylemore and Cleghan, Galway. Mr, Larbalestier. (1876.) ‘¢ A peculiar species, externally like Zecanora Sambuci. Apothecia sub- 214 THE LICHEN-FLORA biatorine, epithecium untinged with K which is the best characteristic. Spores -009—.011 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .0115 mm. long, .007 mm, broad. D. Spores 1-septate. 94, L, 2stdioides, (Borr.) greenish-grey or whitish, sywamaceous, stellate, sywamule cylindrical, slightly compressed, isidioid, decum- bent or ascending, simple or divided, here and there constricted ; apothecia dull-purplish or brownish-black, margin tumid, crenulate, often laciniolate ; spores 8, fuscescent, oblong, 1-septate. On trees, very rare. 1835. Syw :—Borrer in E. Bot, Suppl. 2808, (1837.) Mudd Man. 106, Fic :—E, Bot. Sw 2808, Grog. DIstTRIp :— cee Bor. Prov :—7. Watzs :—Cwm Bychan 2 m. ee Llanbedr near Barmouth; Crafnant! Rhaiadr Mawddack. Rev. T. Sal: _ “Spores . 005 to .006 in. long, ta 6025 to .003 in. broad. (Mudd. ) 95. LL. sophodes, (Ach.) grey or cinereo-fuscescent, granulate or granulato-areolate, thin, sub-determinate, (K yellow C yellow) hy- pothallus nigricant 3 apothecia fuscous-black, plane, small, often crowded and angulose, thalline margin entire ; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid, 1-septate. On trees and rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 67. (1798.) Syn. 153. Nyl. Scand. 148. Fic :—E. Bot. 1791. Hepp Sporen t. 9. f. 77." Exs :—Scher. 314. Hepp77. 78, 883. 884. Arn. 3. 109. Mudd 109, Korb. 245. “Anzi Langob. 304. Stenh. 132. Grog. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...4, 5...11...15...(19—30). Encianp :—Sussex. Mr, Borrer. Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. Newton-Cap Wood near Bishop Auckland, Durham; Felton Woods. Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Midland Counties, Mfr. Purton. Pophills, Warwickshire. Rev. W.S. Rufford. New Forest, Hampshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScoTLaND. :—(saxicole) Coast of Kincardineshire. mies J, M. Crombie. IRELAND :—On rocks and trees, common, Mr. Carr “Spores .011—22 mm. long, .007—.011 a broad, » "yl. ) “Spores .012— - 20 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) forma exigua, (Ach.) whitish or pallido-cinerascent, thin, un- equal or sub-granulose, sub-effuse; apothecia crowded, black, small, thalline margin crenulate. On trees and railings. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 69, (1798.) Syn. 151. Nyl. Scand. 150. Fic :—E. Bot. 1849. Exs:—Hepp 207. 882, Zw. 257. Mass. 216. Welw. Lusit. 103, Groc. DistRre :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—1, 2, 8, 4, 5...11...15...20...31. ENGLAND :—Sussex. Mr, Borrer. Yarmouth, Mr. Turner. Gainford, Durham, Rev. J. Harriman. Haldon, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon ; ea eshall Essex, Mr. Varenne. Epping Forest, Rev. J. Af. Crombie. Chelsfi d, Wye, Lenham, Kent. Mr Holmes, Weston, near Tetsworth, Cede Se OF tater Polegate, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Brampton Brian Park ! Herefordshire, ScoTLanD :—Coast of Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Blarney near Cork. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanDs:—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .011—18-mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .014—20 mm. long, .007—11 mm, broad.” (7.40, Fr.) OF GREAT BRITAIN, 215 forma, lecideoides, Nyl. ecrustaceous, albido-cinerascent, macular : apothecia lecideine, black, margin brown or obliterated. On trees.and palings. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 149. Fia :—Hepp Sporen t. 10. f. 79. aa 80. Exs :—Hepp 79. 80. Mass. 237. Anzi Langob. 378, Rabh. 737, M. & N. 1331. ee Drs7a1s :— Scandinavia, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Lombardy osges. Bor. Prov :—5...10. Encuanp :—Near Stokesley! Cleveland, Mr Mudd. Cirencester. Joshua. Middleton ! near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. forma levigata, Ach. cinereo-fuscescent, smooth, with minut. dispersed verructe ; apothecia scattered, nearly plane, at lengtk papillate. On rocks, very rare. 1877. Syw :—Ach. L. U. 857. Syn. 153. Grog, Disrris :—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—5...15...26. Encianp :—Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. ScortanpD : —Craig Guie, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Trevanp :—Lettermore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) forma metabolica, Ach. whztish or albido-cinerascent, disperso- areolate, sometimes granulate; apothecia black, plane or convex, thalline margin sub-entire. On trees and stone walls. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 351. (1810.) Syn. 153. Nyl. Prod. 93. Exs :—Nyl. 128. Zw. 62. A. B. Fries 341. Anzi Langob. 377. 107. Mudd 107, Grog. DistR1B :—France, Lees Hungary, Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—2...5, 6, 7...10...26. ENGLAND :—Newton ! Gorkshive. Myr. Mudd, Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl, Lianforda ! Sa IRELAND :—Letter Hill! co. Galway ; Kylemore Lake! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Festiniog Road near Dolgelley ! Goodwick Bay ! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, Rbyddlan Castle ! forma roboris, (Duf.) whitish, continuous, effuse, more or less granulose ; apothecia large, black, plane, sessile or sub-immersed, thalline margin lobulato-crenate. On trees, yew, &c. ae ae ag 93, (1857.) Scand, 149. audon 3 ta DIstRIB ae Madeira, Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7 ..31, ENGLAND :-—Danny ! ‘Sussex. Herb. Hook. Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Leigh Woods, Clifton. Mr. Larbalestier. Llanyblodwel, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. WALES :--Llanrhychwyn churchyard ! near Trefriw. Cuannex Istanps :—St. John’s, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma malangica, (Norm.) dark viridi-olivaceous or nigricant, rimuloso-diffract, effuse, furfuraceous. On trees, rare. 1871. Syn:—Norm. Spec. loc. 103. (1868.) T. M. Fr. Scand. 200. Grog. DistR1p :—Norway. Bort. Prov :—5._ . ‘Encianp :—Haughmond Hill! Pontesford Hill! eee ie “ Spores .010—18 mm. long, .006—8 mm, broad,” (7. M. 216 THE LICHEN-FLORA - 96. LZ. milvina, (Whinb.) wmbrinofuscous or fuscous-black, thickish, granulato-areolate or areolato-diffract, verrucoso-unequal, effuse, (K y C red) ; apothecia black, plane, crowded, margin de- pressed, entire ; spores 8, fuscous, broadly oblong, 1-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1830. Syn :—Whinb, in Ach. Meth. Suppl. p. 34. (1803.) Nyl. Scand. p. 150. Mudd an. 144. Fic :—E, Bot. Suppl. 2662. f. 1. Groc. DistR1B :—Sweden, Finland, Lapland, Bor. Prov :—1...19...26...31, Encianp :—Near Penzance. Mr. Curnow. near Sennen, Cornwall. Mr. Borrer, (1830.) IRELAND ;—Carig Mountains, co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor, Maam Turk Moun- tains; River Dawros! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL IsLaNnDs :—Vale Castle, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘“ Spores .0035 to .004 in. long, by .00125 to .00175 in. broad. Spermatia short, cylindrical, straight.” (Mudd.) “Spores .015—23 mm, long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .014—20 mm. long, .007—12 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .030 mm. long, .017 broad. 97. L. atrocinerea, (Dicks.) atro-cinerascent, granulato-or ver- rucoso-areolate, smooth, hypothallus black ; apothecta at first innate then sessile, plane, black, thalline margin sub-entire, eventually obliterated, spores 8, fuscous, oblong, l-septate, cells nucleolate ; (thallus K yellow C red.) On rocks. 1793. Syn :—Dicks. Br. Crypt. 3. 14. (1793.) Nyl. Prodr. 93. Mudd Man. 144, Fic :—Dicks. 1. c. t. 9. f£. 2. E. Bot. 2096. Hepp Sporent. 73. f, 646. Exs :—NylL 43. Zw. 68. A. B. 190. A. B. Hepp 646, 208, Leight. 146. Anzi Langob. 321. 45. Arn. 161. Mudd 108. Larbal. 28. Geoc. Distrip ;—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...10...15...19, 20...30, 31. Eneuaxp :—On rocks. Mr, Dickson. (1793.) near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Crown Hill, Plympton, 8. Devon. Dr. Holl. Sharpstones! Lyth Hill! Shropshire ; Pembridge Churchyard ! Herefordshire. ScotLanp :—Near Aberdeen. Prof. Dickie. IRELAND :—Lough-na-Cat. Adm. Jones, Ardglass co. Down. Dr. Maingay, Pass of Kein-an-Eigh, co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. near Bantry. Miss Hutchins, Dun- kerron. Dr. Taylor. Wa es :—Stormy Down, Glamorgan. Dr. Holl. Diganwy! near Conway. Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, Criccieth Castle Hill! Moel-y- gest ! CHANNEL Istanps :—Ninmont Hill! Beaufort Bay; La Coupe! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .004 in. long, by .00175 to .00225 in. broad. t. 2. f. 49." (Mudd,) 98, L. coniopta, Nyl. dark-greyish-brown, indeterminate, moderate, unequal, rimoso-diffract, areole plane; (thallus and white medulla K—C red), apothecia black, innate, at first slightly margined, at length somewhat convex and immarginate, white within ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, brownish-black, ellip- soid, l-septate, slightly constricted ; epithecium brown ; paraphy- ses moderate, subarticulated, distinct but very compact ; gelatina hymenea bluish with iodine. On gneissic maritime rocks. 1872. Srx :—NyL in Flora 1873 p. 19. Bor. Prov :—1...15...31. EncianD :—Rosemodrie Cliff near Penzance! Mr. Curnow. ScotLaND :—Portlethen! coast of Kincardinzshire, Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 217 CuHanner Istanps:—Near Fort Essex, Alderney! L2 Moye, Jersey! Ar, Larbalestier. “Not unlike ZLecidea coniops in external appearance, but a true Lecanora. Spermogonia black, punctate, with arthrosteriemata and slightly bacillar sper- matia. “‘Spores .015—20 mm. long, .008—10 mm. broad.” (Wyi.) Nearly allied to L, atrocinerea, Dicks., but differing in the flat plane areole of the differently coloured thallus, Spores .021 mm. long, .012 mm. broad. 99. L. nivalis, (Kérb.) whitish or albido-cinerascent, very thin or slightly granulate ; apothecia crowded, ochraceous or aurantiaco- ochraceous, biatorine, plane, small, proper margin somewhat darker, thalline margin obsolete ; spores 8, cylindraceo-oblong, or cylindrical, simple or faintly 1-septate ; apothecia K dark crimson. On decaying moss among alpine rocks, rare. 1864, Externally like Z. fulvolutea, Nyl. Syn :—Callopisma, Korb. 8. L. G, 127. (1855.) Lecanora fusco-luteolina, Mudd Man. 153. Lecanora nivalis, Nyl. Lapp. Or. 129. Grog. DistriB :—Eastern Topland. Greenland. Bor. Prov :—15. Soornanp :—Ben Lawers! and Maelgrae! Adm. Jones. Bon Cruachan, Rev, J. M. Crombie. Externally like L. fulvolutea, Nyl. ‘‘ Spores .005 to .006 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .028—38 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .024—38 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 100. ZL. Hutchinsice, Nyl. pallido-cinerascent or flavido-cineras” cent, thin, rémose or rimuloso-difract (K—C—) ; apothecia rufo™ testaceous, convex, biatorine ; spores 8, colourless, Fusiform, 1-sep" tate; paraphyses thick, somewhat articulate ; hypothecium colour” less ; gelatina hymenea ceerulescent with iod. On maritime schistose rocks, rare. Syn :—Nylander in Flora 1867. p. 326. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov: -1...6...19...26...31. ENGLAND :—Penzance. Mr Curnow. . IrELanD :—South of Ireland. Miss Hutchins. Kinvyle! co. Galway ; Dawros Salrock ! Mr, Larbalestier. WatEs :—Goodwick Bay !_ Pembrokeshire. Caannew Istanps :—La Moye, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .010—12 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad. Spermatia arcuate.” (Nyl.) Spores .013—.014 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. broad. forma bellissima, Leight. apothecia pallido-rosaceous, slightly pruinose. On ruined walls, very rare. 1877. Bor. Prov :—26. Tretand :—Ruin at Cleghan! near Kylemore: Mr. Larbalestier, (1877.) 101. L. holophea, (Mnt.) cervino-castaneous or fuscous, cart- ilagineo-membranaceous, sqywamulose, squamule concave, plicato-un- dulate, rotundato-ncised, ascending, flexuose, pale beneath ; apoth- ecu erumpent, appressed, fuscous-black, plane, thalline margin naked, very entire; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-fusiform, 1-sep- tate. In the fissures of maritime rocks, rare. Syn :—Montagne Lich. Canar. 113. (1840.) Sylloge 332. Crombie Enum, 48, Lecidea sublurida, Nyl. En, Sup. 337, Exs :—Leight. 380, Grog. Distr1B :—Canaries. Bot. Prov :—1..,5,.,19, 20..,24..,30, 31, 218 THE LICHEN-FLORA ENcLanpD :—Bradstone Churchyard Wall, S. Devon. Dr. Holl. Start Point, Devon. Bray Hill, St. Minver, Cornwall. Mr. Holmes. Pulborough. Jf. Davies. on red san tone, St. James, near Bridgnorth, Mytton Bach! Stiperstones, Shropshire, IRELAND :—Ardglass, co. Down. Dr. Maingay. South of Ireland. Miss Hut- chins, Island Bleue: and near Belfast! Brandon Mountain! Dr, Moore, Glen- gariff, Adm. Jones. Ballycotton! Cork; Sybil Head, Kerry! Kilkee and Ross, Clare, Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—St. Martin’s Point, Sey: Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .011—.014 mm. long, .004mm. broad. Var. glaucopsora, Nyl. squamuloso-crenate, or granulato-squamu- lose, or sub leprose; apothecia livido-fuscous, thalline margin sub- entire ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 1-septate; (thallus K very faint yellow.) Damp sides of old turf pits, rare. 1867. ~ Syn :—Nylander in Flora 1868, p. 164. Exs :—Larbal. 79. Geog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—3l. Cuannet Istanps :—Sark ; Grosnez Common! Saint’s Bay ; Jersey ; Alder- ney. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .012—18 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (yl.) 102. LZ. lewcospeirea, Nyl. white, opake, sywamulose, sqyuamulee sub-crenate, thin, adnate, dispersed, often granuliform ; apothecia fuscous, sub-opake, plane, thalline margin white, entire ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ovoideo-oblong, 1-septate. On sandy earth, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nylander ia Flora 1868. p. 473. Crombie Enum. 48. Grog. DISTRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—81. CuanneEL Istanps ;—La Moye; Boulay Bay; Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Allied to L. holophea and its var. glaucopsora. ‘Spores .011—13 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 103. LL. erysibe, (Ach.) olivaceo-cinereous or virescenti-oliva- ceous, or darkly cinereous, leproso-granulose, thin, diffract ; apothecta fusco-rufous or livido-testaceous, znnate, plane or convex, thalline margin rather indistinct ; spores 8, colourless, linear-oblong, 1-septate. On rocks, walls, &c. not common. 1861. Syn:—Ach. Prod. 50. (e8.1 Sy. 41, Nyl. Scand. 167. Mudd Man. 141. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 9. f. 7: Exs :—Mudd 104. 105. 106. Mass. 148, 145. 144. 146. Zw. 269, Hepp 75. Geroc. DisTRIB:—Sweden, Italy, Germany, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5, 6...10...15...19, 20...23...26...31. ENGLAND :—Coatham ! near Ayton! Redcar, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Bath ! Mr. Broome. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Rottingdean, near Brighton. Mr. W. Joshua. Abdon! Shropshire; Aymestrey ! Hesterd shire. ‘ScorLanp :—Coast of Kincardine ; Craig Guie. Rev. J. M. Crombie. -TRELAND :—Near Dublin. Dr Taylor. Co. Down. Adm. Jones. near Cork and near Castlemary ! Turk Cascade, Killarney; Kilkee. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore, Galway. Wates :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Jerbourg, Guernsey ; Noirmont! Jersey. Mr. Larba- lestier Spores .002 to .00275 in. long, by .00075 to .001in. broad, t. 2. f. 47.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .010— 14 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad. Gelatina ee Iblue.” (Nyl.) Spores .010—.011 mm, long, .004 mm. broad, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 219 forma sincerior, Nyl. cinerascenti-pallid or subochraceo-whitish, subgranulate, areolato-rimose; apothecia pallido-fuscescent, le- canorine, On maritime rocks, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 577. Gxroc. DistriB :—Hastern Pyrenees, Bort. Prov :—6...26...31. . TrELAND :—Lettermore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire, Cuannet Istanps ;—Guernsey and La Coupe, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 104.. LZ. atpopsila, (WhInb.) fuscows or fusco-cinereous, sub- ramoso-papillato-granulate or tuberculose, continuous or radiato- sulcate or crenulate towards the circumference ; apothecia on the papille, fuscous or fuscous-black or nigricant, plane or sub-convex, thalline margin entire, eventually excluded ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, 1-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1808, Syn :—Wahlenberg in Ach. Meth. Suppl. 36. (1803.) Ach. Syn. 155, Nyl. Scand. 157. Mudd Man. 141. i ia e Fig :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2662. f. 2, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. t. 27. f. 2, Exs:—Th. M. Fries 60. Gzoa. Distrip :—Finmark, E. Lapland. Bor. Prov :—1...11...15...18...20. Encianp :~Bamburgh and Staples Island co. Northumberland. (1831.) 4, Robertson. Holy Island, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Tolpednapenwith! near the Land’s End; Penzance ; near Mousehole Cave, Penzance! Mr. Curnow. ScotLanD :—Orkney Islands. (1808.) Mr. Borrer, Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. , IRELAND :—Kinsale. Mr. Carroll. ** Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I intense blue then dark-violet.” (Wyl.) forma maritima, (Smmrf.) grey or griseo-nigricant, thin, granu- lato-rugose, shortly radiose or sub-crenate at the circumference. On maritime rocks, rare. Syy :—Sommerfelt in Act. Ac, Holm, 1832, p. 116. Nyl. Scand, 158, Exs :—Fellm. 122. Groc. Distr :—E, Lapland, Norway. Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jerbourg, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. 105. LZ. helicopis, (Whinb.) albido-cinereous, thin, unequal, rimuloso-areolate, albo-limitate ; apothecia livido-fuscescent or fuscous, plane, sub-convex, thalline margin entire, ultimately excluded ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple or obsoletely 1-septate ; (thallus K faint yellow, but not disk of apothecium.) On maritime rocks, rare. Syn :—Wahlenberg FI. ae 414, (1812.) Ach. Syn. 149, Nyl. Scand, 159! Geog. Disrr1s ;—Lapland, Finmark, Aland. Bor. Prov :—6...30. IRELAND :—On chalk, Glenarm co. Antrim. Adm. Jones. Wates :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. The chemical reaction shows affinity with subfusca and not with glaucoma, .“ Spores .009—.015 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (yl. d 7. M. Fr.) Spores .012 mm, long, .006 mm. broad, Paraphyses distinct. 106. L. albariella, Nyl. dirty-creamy-whitish, tartareous, thin, areolato-diffract, areole plane, smoothish ; apothecia fuscous or 220 THE LICHEN-FLORA fuscous-black, small; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, 1-septate ; para- physes distinct ; gelatina hymenea czerulescent, then violaceo-ru- bescent with iodine solution. On maritime chalky rocks, rare. 1864. Syn :—Nylander Lich, Aigypt. p. 5, in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux vol. 23. (1864.) Groc, DistrRiB :—gypt. Bort. Prov :—2...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Beachy Head, Sussex, Mr, Larbalestier. (1864.) IRELAND :—On chalk at Glenarm and at Garron Point co, Antrim. Adm. Jones, CHANNEL Istanps :—Island of Bréchou near Sark. Mr. Larbalestier, 107. L. spodopheiza, Nyl. greyish, moderate, granuloso-verru- cose, thinly white-fimbriated at the extreme circumference, (K— C—) ; apothecia badio-reddish, somewhat plane, with subentire scarcely prominent thalline margin ; epithecium faintly brownish ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or fusiform-oblong, simple, or often subspuriously 1-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1878. Syy:—Nyl. in Flora 1873, p. 290. Bor, Prov :—31. Cuanner. Istanps :—Mont Orgueal Castle, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. (1873.) ‘Spores .009—18 mm. long. .004—6 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I slightly blue then vinous-red.. Similar externally to L. poliopheea or spodophea but really belonging to the section of L. erysibe. Spermatia arcuate.” (Nyl.) Paraphyses distinct but compact. Spores .0155 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 108. L: Ralfsii, Salw. MS. olive-green, cartilagineo-tartareous, smooth, szb-colliculoso-areolate, sub-determinate ; apothecia pale- brown or reddish-brown, minute, numerous, scattered, innato- sessile, plane, margin very thin, smooth, eventually evanescent ; hypothecium thin, pale-brown ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical-oblong or ovate, 1-septate ; paraphyses lax, slender. On maritime rocks, rare. 1860. Syn :—Biatorina Muddii (Salw.), Mudd Man. 178, Lecanora actcea, Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 290. Groce. Distr1B :—England, Bor. Prov :—1...31. EneLanpD :—Near Mousehole Cave, Cornwall. Mr. Curnow, near Newlyn, Cornwall. Rev. 7. Salwey, (1860.) CHANNEL IsLanDs :—St. Aubin’s Fort! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .003 to .0035 in long. by .001 to .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores a mm. long. .00045 mm. broad.” (Wyl,) Spores .012 mm. long, .006 mm. road, 109. Lecanora subexigua, Ny). similar to LZ. exigua, but the thallus pale-greenish, sub-smooth, unequal, rimose; spores 8, 0,012—15 mm. long, 0.006—7 mm. broad. On maritime rocks, rare. 1874. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 308. Bor. Prov :—1. Enciann :—Near Penzance, Cornwall. Mr, Curnow. (1874.) 110. L. Bischnffii, (Hepp) albido-cinerascent or fuscescent, leprosy-farinose, thin, effuse, indeterminate, (K—C—) ; apothecia nigro-fuscous, sessile, p'ane or slightly convex, margin thin, cinerascent or fuscescent ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses OF GREAT BRITAIN. 921 distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, fuscous, broadly-oblong, larye, with a broad darker central transverse band or septum. On calcareous rocks, probably not unfrequent. 1875. Syn :—Hepp Exs. 81. (1853.) Korb. Par. p 75. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 10. fig. 81. Exs :—Hepp 81. Anzi Ital. $. 222. Grog. Distris :— Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1...15. ENeLanp :--Yatton ! Somersetshire. Mr. Joshua, (1875.) ScorLtayD :—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Spores :022—.024 mm. long, .016—.017 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I dirty-blue. Well distinguished by the broad septum of the spores, _ Var. immersa, (Krbr.) apothecta immersed in the rock, plane, margin fuscescent, involute. On limestone rocks & walls. 1875. Syn :—Korb. Par. p. 75. (1865.) Exs :—Maass. Ital. 113, Rabh. 873. Geroc. Distris : -Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1 : ' EncLanp :—Yatton and Weston-super-Mare. Mr, Joshua, (1875.) There is an ochraceous state of this variety (see Mull. Arg. in Flora 1867, p. 435.) which may be probably found on our limestone rocks. Ill. LZ. beomma, Nyl. albido-lutescent, opake, thin, unequal (K yellow) ; apothecita pallido-rufescent, scattered, thalline margin white, thickish, subanguloso-difformed ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, l-septate, cells nucleolate; paraphyses slender, distinct, apices pale ; gelatina hymenea I blue then vinoso-fulvescent or vinous- red. : On micaceo-schistose rocks by the sea. 1876. Sra :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 233. Flora 1877. p. 562. LZ. rupicola, Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 228, : - Bor: Prov :—26. IreLanp :—Letterfrack! Lettermore! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier, “Spores .012—18 mm. long .004—6 mm. broad. similar to those of Ver- rucaria epidermidis.” (Nyl.) Spores .014 mm, long, .004—5 mm. broad. 112. L. glaucocarnea, Nyl. glauco-virescent, rugulose or altogether subleprose, rimoso-dif'ract, determinate (K yellow); apothecia pallido- carneous or lurid, biatorine, margin obtuse, somewhat paler and at length evanescent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate. On shady micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1877. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 459. Flora 1877. p. 562. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Near Glendalough! and near Lough Muek ! Galway. My. Lar- balestier. (1877.) “Probably a subspecies of L. beomma, Nyl. which is rather a Biatora than a _Lecanore.” (Nyl.) Spores .011—.0135 mm, long, .005 mm, broad. 113. LZ. spadomela, Nyl. cinereo-fuscous, thin, opake, subleprose, rimoso-diffract ; apothecia nigricant, plane, thalline margin nearly entire ; paraphyses distinct, sometimes branched at the apex, apices clavate, fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, 1-septate, On sandstone rocks, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 572, Bor. Prov :—26. : mar :—Killery Bay! near Gleucorbol! Connemara. Mr. Lav'balestier. (1876. ; 3322 THE LICHEN-FLORA ‘Externally resembling L. sophodes. Spores .011—16 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then violet.” (Myl.) Spores .014 mm. long, .007 mm. als 114. L. confragosa, Ach. whitish or albido-cinerascent, granulose or verrucoso-areolate, scattered or contiguous, (K y Cy); apothecia fusco-nigricant or black, sessile, margin white, entire; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate. On rocks, frequent, Syn :—Ach. Meth. Suppl. p. 33. (1803.) Syn. 146. Nyl. Scand. 149. Exs :—Lojka 2635. Rabh, 873. Groc. DisTriB :—Europe. . Bor. Prov :—7...26...31. IreLanp,:—Near Lettermore and Doughruagh, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth ! CHANNEL IsLAanps :—Jerbourg, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .015—22 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) E. Spores 3-septate. 115. L. pyreniospora, Nyl. grey or cinereo-fuscescent, granulose, thin, sub-effuse ; apothecia fuscous-black or black, opake, thalline margin rugulose or obsoletely crenulate ; spores 8, fuscous, ellip- soid, 4celled, cells nucleolate, (spuriously 1-3-septate.) On old wood, turfy earth, and grass, rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Ofvers. V. Ak. Forh. 1860. p. 257, note ; Scand. 151. Fie :—Nyl. Scand, t. 1 f. 6. Exs :—Larbal. 78, Geog. Distr1s :—Sweden, Scandinavia. Bort. Prov :—7—31. CuannEL IsLanps :—La Moye, Grosnez, Jersey ! Coast of Jethou! Mr. Lar- ‘Wass :—Gimlet Rock! Pwlhelli. ‘Spores .026—32 mm. long, .010—11 mm. broad.” (2yi.) 116. LZ. diplinthia, Nyl. pallido-cinerascent, or pale-whitish, thin, unequal or sub-granulose, indeterminate ; apothecia fuscous, small, plane, thalline margin entire, internally pallescent ; spores fuscous, ellipsoid, large, 4-locular, the two apical cells simple, the central cells either simple or with 2 or 3 transverse cellules ; para- physes scarcely distinct. On the earth, very rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl Nov. Gran. p. 31. (1863.) Geog. DisTRIB :—Nova Gran: Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IsLanpDs :—Slopes of L’Eperquérie, coast of Sark! Afrs. Collings. “= res .023—34 mm, long, .012—16 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .028—.029 mm, long. .013—.014 mm. broad. 117. L. rubra, (Hoffm.) white or glaucous-white, thin, effuse; apothecia rosy or fleshy-red, sub-pruinose, concave, numerous, mod- erate, thalline margin. rugoso-crenulate ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo-ellipsoid, 3 septate. On trees and mossy walls, rare. oo oo Pl. Lich. 1. 81. (1793.) Ach. Syn. 177. Nyl. Scand. 171. Mudd Fic:—E, Bot. 2218. Hoffm. Lv. t. 17. £2. Leight. Ang, Lich. t. 14. £. 1 Has Sporen t. 23. f. 205 xs :—Hepp 205. Nyl. 44, M, & N. 459, Mudd 138, Zw. 67. bis, Leight, 236. Scher, 319, Mass, 26, Reich. & Schub. 73. Rabh, 868. ae OF ‘GREAT BRITAIN. 223 Groce. Distrre :—Switzerland, France, Vosges; Sweden, Bavaria, Prussia, Hungary, Germany, Italy. Bot. PRov :—1...3...10...15...16...20, EncuanD :—Bilsdale ; near Rievaulx! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Craig-y- Rhiw ! near Oswestry ; Wigmore Castle ! Herefordsbire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Greta Bridge ! Yorkshire. Mr. Borrer. Haldon, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. ScortanD :—Morrone; Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Brecht, Ar- gyleshire. Mr. Paterson. IRELAND: —Fermoy. Mr, Carroll. ‘Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .00125 to .0015 in. broad. t. 3. f. 58.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .016—23 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Myl.) Spores .018—.019 mm. long, .007—.009 mm. broad. 118. LZ. elatina, Ach. whitish or lutescent, leprose,’ granulato- pulverulent, thin, effuse ; apothecia testaceo-fuscescent, sessile, plane or convex, ccesio-pruinose or naked, thalline margin thin, entire, eventually obliterated ; spores 8, colourless, acicular or fusiform, 3-septate, curved or flexuose ; (thallus K yellow C—.) On pine trees and holly, rare. 1869, Sr -—Ach. L, U. 387, (1810.) Syn, 168. Nyl. Scand. 172. Fie :—Sturm Deutsch. Fl. t. 20. Hepp Sporen t. 104. f. 911. * [ixs :—Th. M. Fries 33. Arn. 66, Hepp 911. Anzi Ven. 42. Groce. DisTRis :—Austria, Norway, Switzerland, Silesia, Germany. Bor. Prov :—19. Irmianp :—On aged Holly in Wood near Derrycuintry, Killarney. (Se 1869.) Mr. Carroll. eee a “Spores .035—.060 mm, long, .006—7 mm. broad.” ( Wyl. ) 119. LZ. athroocarpa, Dub. albido-cinereous, rimoso-diffract, unequal, granulose ; apothecia densely aggregate, deformed, fuscous- black, ccesio-pruinose, thalline margin entire ; spores 8-16, colour- less,. ‘elliptico-oblong, obtuse at the apices, 3-septate; (thallus K—C—.) On trees. Syy :—Duby Bot, Gall. 2. 669. (1829.) Nyl. Scand. 168. Crombie En. 53. Exs :—Nyl. 39. Gxog. DistrIB :—Scandinavia, France. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5. Encianp:—New Forest near Lyndhurst, Rev. J. M. Crombie, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. near Park Corner, Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. ‘Spores .012—17 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I intense blue then vinous or violet.” (Myl.) Spores .0155 mm. long, .004 mm, broad. forma corulescens, Mudd. leaden-grey, granuloso-verrucose, rugu- loses rimoso-areolate ; apothecta pale-brown, plane, densely cceruleo- “pruinose, thalline margin thick, undulate, angulose ; spores 8. On walls, &c., rare. 1861. Suv :~Mudd Man, 140, (1861,) Crombie En. 53. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 72. f. 6 Exs :—Mudd 103. Korb. 220. Ftopp 638. Mass. 276. Arn. 173, .Gxoc. Distris :—Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—10, ENGLAND :—Marsk ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1861.) “Spores ,004 to .005 in. Jong, by .001 to .00125 in. broad t. 2. f. 46.” (AZudd.) Var. fuscella, (Scheer.) albido-cinereous, very thin, effuse, nearly evanescent ; apothecia minute, crowded, fuscescent, tumid, or biatorine, slightly pruinose, thalline margin entire, eventually nearly ob- literated ; spores 8—12, colourless, rer 3-septate. On trees, frequent. 2v4 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syw :—Schzrer Spicil. 397. (1823.) Crombie En. 58. Mudd Man. 140. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 9. f. 76. Exs :—Nyl. 40. Zw. 87. Hepp 76. Anzi It. S, 223. 315. Fellm. 179. Grog. Dista1p : —France, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, E. Lapland. Bor. Prov :—2, 3. EnGLanD :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Essex! Mr. Piggott. New Forest near Lyndhurst. Rev. J. M. Crombie. * Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .001 in. broad. t. 2. f. 45.” (Mudd. ) Spores .0115—.015 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Var. metabolica, (Ach.) albido-cinerascent, thin, unequal, dij- fracto-sub-rimose ; apothecia minute, black, plane, thalline margin thin, white, eventually fuscescent and concolorous with the disk. On trees. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 351. (1810.) Syn. 153. Nyl. Scand. 168. Crombie En. 53. Grog. DistRrs :—France, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—#l. ENGLAND :—‘ In Anglia forte vulgaris.” Rev. J. M. Crombie. 1. v. Essex. Mr. IsLanps :—Trinity ! and Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .020—.021 mm, long, .006 mm. broad. 120. ZL. prosecha, Ach. pale-straw-colour, thin, contiguous, smooth, minutely rimulose, sublobate in the circumference (K—C—); apothecia nigro-fuscous, adnate or subimmersed, minute, plane, scattered, thalline margin thin, pale, entire; paraphyses indis- tinct ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-ellipsoid, 1-2-3-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1874. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 346. Syn. 152. Geroc. DisTR1s :—West Indies. Bor. Prov :—7...26. IRELAND :—Rynvyle! Kylemore Mountains! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wares :—Gimlet Rock ! Pwllheli. Spores .013—.0155 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 121. JL. tetrasticha. Nyl. vitellinous, deplanate, thin, areolato- rimose ; apothecia ochraceo-aurantiaceous, biatorine, plane, mar- ginate or at length sub-immarginate, (K red); spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, 4-locular or 3-septate. On limestone rocks, rare. Syy :—NylL. in Flora 1874. p. 307. Exs :—Anzi Lich. var. 252. (‘‘ B. rupestris var. rufescens.”) Groc. DistTRrs :—Italy. Bort. Prov :—16. ScotLanD :—Island of Lismore, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1875.) Somewhat similar to Lecanora aurantiaca var. erythrella, (Ach.) “‘ Belongs to the stirps of Lecanora Brebissonii, (Fée.) Varies with a flavo-albicant thallus. Spores .014—18 mm. long, .006—8mm. broad.” (2yl.) Spores .015 mm. long, -008 mm. broad. F. Spores multiseptate. 122. L. hematomma, (Ehrh.) sulphureous or albido-flavescent, pulverulent, tartareofarinose, effuse ; apothecia scarlet, innate or sub-sessile, moderate, thalline margin thick, flexuose, pulverulent ; spores 8, colourless, acicular or fusiform, 3-7-septate, curved or flexuose ; (thallus K yellow C yellow). On rocks, not frequent. 1785. Syn:—Ehrhart Hanov. Mag. 285. (1783.) Ach. Syn. 178. Nyl. Scand. 172. Mudd Man. 157. Fic :—E. Bot. 223, 486. Hepp Sporen t. 73. f. 641. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 225 Exs :—Zw. 70. Nyl. 45. Scher. 543. M. & N. 638. Mudd 130. Hepp 641. Anzi It. S. 226. Leight. 214. = Gus Distr1s :—France, Norway, Germany, Apennines, Italy, Scandinavia, weden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7...10, 11...14, 15...19...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Stonehenge. Mr. Dickson. (1785.) Tunbridge. Mr. Forster. Gorle- stone near Yarmouth. Messrs. Stone & Turner. Ayton Moor! Battersby Bank ! Mr. Mudd. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. Z Salwey. Hord’s Park near Bridgnorth, Salop. Mr. Purton. Airyholme Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Baker. Gunnerton Crags near Bawesford ; Heddon-on-Wall; Harlow Hill, Northumberland; Mug- gleswick Park; High Force ; and Winch Bridge in Teesdale and near Eglestone, Durham. Mr. Winch. Coggeshall, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Penshurt Park, Kent; Shiere, Surrey. Mr. Holmes, Ardingley Rocks, Sussex ; Malvern near Symonds Yatt. Mr. W. Joshua. Dartmoor ; Whidden Park; Moreton, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Pontesford Hill! Nesscliffe Hill! Shropshire. Scotian :—Salisbury Craigs near Edinburgh. Sir J. E. Smith. Blaeberry Hill! Perth ; Garrynahine, Lewis ; Stennis, Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. Morrone; Braemar ; Killin; Portlethen, Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Glenarm. Dr. Moore. Fairhead, Antrim ; Castlebernard Park and Glengariff. Adm. Jones. Western Blasquet Island, Kerry. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Barmouth ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Harlech. Mr, Holmes. Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! Capel Arthog! Craig Breidden ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—L’etacq, Jersey! Jerbourg, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .009 to .013 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mfudd.) ‘‘ Spores .035— -060 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .028—60 mm. long, .005—7 mom. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 123. ZL. ventosa, (L.) sulphwreo-virescent or flavescent, or some- times whitish or fusco-virescent, tartarcous, verrucoso or plicato- rugose, sub-areolato-diffract, determinate, firm; apotheca red, plano-convex, large, thalline margin thin, entire, often obliterated ; spores 8, colourless, acicular or fusiform, 5-7-septate, curved or flexuose ; (thallus K yellow C yellow.) On lofty granitic and schistose mountain rocks, not common. 1741. oh re Sp. PL No. 9. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 159. Nyl. Scand, 173. Mudd an. 157. Fie :—E. Bot. 906. Hepp Sporen t. 73. f. 643. t. 73. £. 644. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 225. M. & N. 258. Scher. 320. Hepp 648. Tuck, 21. Bohl. 36. Zw. 69. Mudd 129. Leight. 9. ; Gzoa. DistriB :—Hungary, Italy, Austria, Norway, Tyrol Alps, Pyrenees, Sweden, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7—10, 11, 12...15...18...23...29...31. ENGLAND :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Casterton Fell near Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland, Sir J. E. Smith. Yorkshire. Mr. Dizon, Clee Hills! Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Ayton Moor ! Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Weardale, Durham. Shewing-Shields ; Cheviot and Hedgehope, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Dartmoor; Hightor Rocks; Whiddon Park ; Easton Down; North Bovey, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. COTLAND :—Morchone! Amulree! Callernish, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. Mor- rone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Long Island. Prof. Balfour. IRELAND :—Near Dublin. Dr. Stokes. Slieve Croob. Mr. Templeton. Croghan co. Donegal; Luggelaw. Adm. Jones. Waxzs :—Pentre 3 m. from Glyder. Mr. Brewer. (1741). Moel Siabod. Mr. W. Phillips. Barmouth! Penmaenmawr! Moel-y-Golfa! Cader Idris! Cwm Tryfaen ! Bettws-y-coed ! CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0075 to .01lin. long, by .00075 to .001 in. broad. t. 2. £. 52.” (Mudd. ) ‘Spores .040—55 mm. long, .004—5 nm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .040—55 mm. long, .003—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) forma lepadolemma, (Ach.) cinerascent, subvirescent. On mountain rocks, not common. 226 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Ach. he ue (1803.) Univ. 399. Fie :—Dill. t. 1 Geoc. Diane Oe aiiaris Bor. Prov ;—5, 6. ENGLAND :—Corndon Hill! Shropshire. Wa tes :—Cader Idris ! VII. DIRINA, Fr. Ny. Apothecia tuberculoso-lecanorine, hypothecium thick and black beneath. Spores fusiform, 3-septate. Spermatia slender, arcuate. 1. D. repanda, (Fr.) white, tartareo-farinose, thick, contin- uous or rimulose, tuberculoso-unequal, sub-lobate in the circum- ference (C red); apothecia at first closed, eventually expanded and dilated, tuberculoso-elevated, plano-depressed, black, cesio- or albo-pruinose, rarely naked, margin thick, obtuse, cartilaginous, more or less inflexed and flexuose ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1867. Syn :—Fries 8. O. V. 285. (1825.) Nyl. see 813. Prod. 97. Exs :—Scher. 574. Anzi Venet. 41. Rabh. 788. Groc, Distr1B :—France, Pyrenees, Austria, Sardinia, Algeria, Corsica. Bor. Prov :—7...31. CHANNEL IsLanps :—La Coupe! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘WA LEs :—Great Orme’s Head! Mr. Holmes. Sus-tripe VII. PERTUSARIEI. Characters as in Pertusaria, below. VIII. PERTUSARIA. DC. Thallus crustaceous, continuous, verrucoso-unequal or smooth. Apothecia enclosed in thalline verruce, endocarpoid or lecanoroid, or variolarioid. Spores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large, the external paries thick. Spermatia acicular. A. Thallus K yellow, then orange-red. 1. P. multipunctata, (Turn.) cinereous, tartareous, verrucoso- rugose, thin, with a fibrous border ; apothecia 1-2 in hemispherical verruce ; ostiola albo-sorediate ; spores 1 (rarely 2), colourless, linear-oblong or elliptico-oblong, simple. On trees, beech, birch. 1808. Syn :—Turn. Linn. Trans, 137, O58 Ach. Syn. 129. Nyl. Scand. 179, Variolaria, Turn. and Borr! L. B. 73. Mudd Man. 274. ees :—Linn. Trans. 9. t. 10. f. 1. E. Bet. 2061. Hepp Sporen t. 76, f. 672. 673. Exs :—Mudd 262. Hepp 672. 673. Zw. 288. Grog. Distrre :—Sweden, Italy, France, Bavaria, Germany, Philippine Islands, S. Africa. Bor. PRov :—2, 3.. .5, 6, 7, 8...10, 11...19. Exenanp :—Sussex ! ‘Mr. Turner. (1808.) Brantsdale, Yorkshire. Gar- rington. New Forest. Mr. Lyell & Adm. Jones, Malham, Yorkshire Dr. Carrington. Durham. Messrs. Robson and Thornhill. St. Leonard's Forest, Messrs. Turner d&: Borrer, Haldon, Exeter. Mfr. Parfitt. near Cirencester, Mr. W. Joshua, Canterbury, Toy’s Hill, Mr. Holmes, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 227 IreLanp :—Killarney. Sir 7. Gage. Watezs:—Cardiganshire! Mr. Knight. Nannau ; Pistyll-y-cain. Mr. Holmes. Conway falls ! ‘Spores .106--.140 mm. long, .028—68 mm. broad.” (Myl.) ‘Spores .060— 210 mm. long, .026—58 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) | 2. 2. concreta, Nyl. white or whitish, continuous, thickish, rimose, unequal (K yellow then orange-red) ; apothecia immersed, endo- carpoid, colourless ; ostiolum dark, punctiform ; spores 2, colourless, oblong, simple, very large; gelatina hymenea I—, but theca in- tensely blue. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 234. P. Westringii, Nyl. Obs. Pyr. or. p. 35. Grog. Distris :—North and Arctic America, Eastern Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...26. IRELAND :—By the sea, Letterfrack, Salrock! near Kylemore, Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. (1876. ) Wates :—Yr Eifl! Mr. Holmes. Dolgelley ! An American species forming the typical state of P. Westringii, (Ach.) Spores .115—.250 mm. long, .052—.080 mm. broad. (Wyl.) Spores .140 mm. long, .07 mm. broad. 3. P. Westringii, (Ach.) greyish or creamy-white, tartareous, thickish, rtmoso-areolate, areole plane; verruce scattered, flat, contorted and difformed ; ostiola brownish-black, flat, irregular, thalline margin abraded ; spores 2, colourless, elliptical, simple ; (thallus K yellow, then orange-red.) On rocks, old walls, &. 1861. Syn :—Ach. Act, Stockh. 15. 179. (1794.) Syn. 282. P. lactescens, Mudd Man. 272. (1861.) Crombie Enum, 59. Isidiwm, Turn. and Borr. Lich, Brit. 93. Fia :—Westring Faergh. t. 4. Exs :—Mudd 260. M. & N. 1066. Mass. 86. Geog. Distrip :—Italy, Vosges, Sweden, France, Switzerland, E. Falkland. Bor. Prov :—2...7...10, 11,..15..,23...31. Eneianp :—Ayton Moor! Airyholme Bridge, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Arken- dale! Thornthwaite; near Keswick; Teesdale Forest. Rev. J. Harriman. Tunbridge Wells! Mr. Jenner. ScotianD :—OCraig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Lough Bray near Dublin. Mr. Turner. Watezs :—Barmouth ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Anglesea. Rev. Hugh Davies. Crib Coch! Snowdon. Gimlet Rock ! Pwllheli. CHANNEL IsLanpDs :—Noirmont Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. The chemical reaction and general aspect show that Isidiwm Westringii, Ach. is identical and therefore the original name is restored. 4, P. glomerata, (Schleich.) yellowish-cream-colour, effuse, ver- rucoso-conglomerate, verruce globulose, smooth ; apothecia 1 : ostiola dark-brown, punctiform, depressed or sub-papillate ; spores 4, col- ourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (thallus K yellow, then orange-red.) On mosses in alpine localities, rare. 1864. Syn :—Schleicher Cent. 3. 77. (1805—1807.) Ach. Syn. 111. Nyl. Scand. 182, Mudd Man. 277. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 77. f. 681. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 11, f. 2. Exs:—Hepp 681. Scher. 120. Arn, 132. Anzi Langob. 227. Grog. Distrrp :—Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Chili, N. Zealand, Mel- ville Island. Bor. Prov :—15, ScorLanp :—Ben Lawers. Mr. Carroll. (1864.) Craig-na-Calliach, Perthshire, Dr. Maingay. Moel Gurdy, Breadalbane. Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. ‘‘Spores .021 to .025 in. long, by .007 to .009 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘“‘ Spores .072—.125 mm. long, .028—44 mm. broad.” (Nyl. & 7. M. Fr.) Spores 085 mm. long, .040 mm. broad. 228 THE LICHEN-FLORA 5. P. ceuthocarpa, (Sm.) brownish-cream-colour, tartareous, areolato-diffract, areole convex, undulato-rugose ; verruce sub-glo- bose, conglomerate ; ostiola minute, punctiform, depressed, sub-pap- illate, brownish-black ; spores 2, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (thallus K deep yellow, then orange-red.) On rocks, not common. 1804, Srv :—Smith in E. Bot. t. 2372. (1812.) Turn, and Borr. Lich. Brit. 200. Isidium microsticticum / T. & B. L c. 94. Mudd Man. 271. Fic :—E. Bot. 2372. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 9, f. 4. & t. 10, £1. E. Bot, 2243. Exs :—Leight. 284. 341. 342. Geog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7...11...19...23...26...31. EncGLaNnD :—Pentregaer! near Oswestry. Rev. 7. Salwey. Gunnerton ! North- umberland. Afr. F. Scott. IRELAND :—Connemara. Mr. Mackay. near Bantry! Miss Hutchins. South coasts. Sir 7. Gage. Lough Bray near Dublin. Messrs. Turner d: Borrer. Carig Mountain! Dr. Yaylor. Dawros river! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth. Countess of Aylesford. (1804.) Abertygwyn! Rev. T. Salwey. Hafod, Cardiganshire. Sir J. E. Smith. Anglesea! Rev. Hugh Davies. Holyhead Mountain! Manorbeer! near Tenby, Pen-y-rhiw! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Harlech Castle ! CHANNEL IsLanDs :—St. Brelade’s, Jersey. Mr. Larbalesti ter. ‘* Spores .029 to .035 in. long, by .011 to .015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .170 mm. long, .065 mm. broad. 6. P. urceolaria, Nyl. albido-cinereous or very pale-yellow, thickish, crustaceous, rugose or isidivse, rimoso-diffract, (K yellow then orange-red) ; apothecia scattered, rugoso-difformed, innate in depressed thalline areole ; ostiola disciform, plane, black, margin prominent and thick; spores 1 (rarely 2) very large, ellipsoid, nigrescent (K violet) ; paraphyses thick, much branched. On rocks and stone walls, very rare. 1873. oar spilomantha, Nyl. in Obs. Lich. Pyren. Orient. 3. in Flora. 1873. p. 70. Groc. Distr1p :—Eastern Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—31. % aaAaaD IsLanpDs :—Old wall on the coast, La Moye, Jersey! Mr. Larbales- ier. s The epispore in this species has a very peculiar granulato-papillate appear- ance and is easily detached from the enclosed spore or miele An one eras I saw 2spores. Spores .90mm. long, 51mm. broad. ‘Spores .150—.215 mm. Jong, .065—90 mm. broad.” (Ny/.) 7. P. dealbata, (Ach.) whitish or albido-cinerascent, tartareous, granulose or papilato-unequal, rimoso-difract ; apothecia in glo- bose pulverulent scattered or aggregated verruce ; ostiola sub-dis- ciform, pale-brown, thalline margin irregularly lacerate ; spores 2, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; (thallus K yellow, then orange-red.) On rocks and trees, frequent. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 29. (1798.) Nyl. Scand. 180. Zsidium paradoxum / and corallinum/ and coccodes! a & B Turn. & Borr! Lich. Brit. 97. 100, 89. Variolaria chlorothecia, Tayl! Fl. Hib. P. syncarpa, Mudd! Man. 273. Fie :—E. Bot. 1541. 1511, Exs :—Arn. 204, Zw. 289. M, & N. 467.74. Scher, 236, 287. Hepp 673, 678. Mndd 261. Leight. 320. Geroc, DisTRIB :—France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...9, 10, 11, 12,..14, 15...19...26. ENGLAND ;—Kildale Moor! Ayton Moor! Bandale, Cleveland. M7. Afudd. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 229 Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger, Norwich. Sir W. J. Hooker. Maresfield and Uckfield, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Forncet Church Yard and Burgh Church, Suffolk. Messrs. Turner & Borrer. Selby, Yorkshire. Mr. Tees- dale, Teesdale Forest, and Cronkley Fell, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Cheshire. Mr. Bradbury. Flixton Park, Suffolk. Mr. Turner. Epping Forest! Rev. J. M. Crombie, Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Devonshire. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Caer Caradoc ! Shropshire. : SootnanD :—Blackford near Edinburgh. Sir J. E. Smith. Glen Callater ! Mr. Gardiner. TrELAND :—Carig Mountain; Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor. Killarney. Sir 7. Gage. Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Lough Finnehy ! Dr, Taylor. near Letterfrack ! Mr. Larbalestier. Waters :—Moel Siabod. Snowdon. Mr. Holmes. Cwm Bochlwyd ! Crib Coch ! Snowdon ; Aran Mowddy ! “ Spores .024 to .031 in. long, by .011 to.013 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .080—.150 mm, long, .050—82 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .067—.150 mm. long, .046—82 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fv.) 8. P. reducta, Strtn. cinerascent or cinereo-fuscescent, thin, rimuloso-areolate, (K yellow then intense red) ; apothecta sessile, inclosed in monocarpous thalline verruce, fuscous or rufo-fuscous. lecanorine, ccesio-pruinose ; spores 1, colourless or somewhat fus- cescent when old, oblong; paraphyses crowded, distinct, some- what anastomosing, On trees, rare. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Scott. Naturalist 4, p. 28, (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. ScotLanD :—Ben Brecht, Argyleshire. Mr. Paterson. (1874.) “Closely allied to P. multipunctata, (Turn.) younger spores with broadish epispore, mature ones with coarsely granular contents. Spores .09—.014 mm. ens ‘aa mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue especially the thece,” Strin. B. Thallus K yellow, C yellow. 9. P. communis, DC. albdido-cinerascent, membranaceo-cartila- ginous, smoothish or rugose, verrucoso-areolate, verruce sub-glo- boso-deformed ; apothecia 1 or more; ostiola minute, punctiform, depressed, nigricant; spores 2 (sometimes 1 or 3), colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees, common. & at oe C. Flor. Fr. 2, 320. (1805.) Nyl. Scan. 178. Porina pertusa, Ach. Rie :—E. Bot. 677. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 9. f. 3. Exs :—M. & N. 171. (in part) Scher. 118 (in part) Zw. 290. Mass. 16. Mudd 264. Hepp 222. 676, Bohl. 54. Stenh. 139. Reich. & Schub. 32. Groa. Diora :—Europe generally, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—I, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11...15...19...30, 31. Eneuanp :—Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Sus- sex! Mr. Borrer. Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Forest! Messrs. Turner and Lyell. Northumberland and Durham, Mr. Winch. Haldon, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Oversley and Pophills, Warwickshire; Shotover Hill, Oxford, Hord’s Park, Salop. Mr. Purton. Great Glenham, Suf- folk. Rev. E. N. Bloomfield. North Bovey, Devon. Rev. J. P. Jones, Seven Oaks, Postling, Wye, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Haughmond Hill! Bomere Pool! Shrewsbury ; Aymestry ! Herefordshire. Arkoll Hill ! Shropshire. ScortanD :—Huntet’s Hill; Glammis! Mr. Gardiner. Aberfeldy, Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Blarney ! near Cork. Mr. Carroll. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton, Askew Wood co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Waters :—Glyn! near Cape) Curig; Bettws-y-coed! Trefriw! Edderton ! near Forden. — CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Jersey, Guernsey, Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. 230 THE LICHEN-FLORA “ Spores .039 to .045 in. long, by .017 to .018 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .130—-.160 mm. long, .048—60 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores .130—205 mm. fone .042--65 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .170mm. long, .060—.080 mm. TO forma rupestris, DC. verrucee aggregato-deformed, verrucoso- areolate. On rocks, common. Syn :—D.C. 1. ec. Ach. Syn. 109. Nyl. Scand. 178, Mudd Man. 272. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 76. f. 670. Exs :—Nyl. 48. Mudd 259. Anzi Ven. 164, Hepp 670. Anzi It. S. 348. Zw. 244. Scher. 648, Grog. DIstRIB + Seniizeriand, stay Germany, France, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...15...19...31. Encianp :—Ingleby ates Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Bristol, Miss Attwood. ScotLanD :—Birnam ! Dr Lindsay. IRELAND :—Glenarm. Dr. Moore. Wates :—Barmouth ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :—St. Brelade’s, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. «Spores ,039 to .049 in. long, by .012 to 017 in. broad.” (Mudd.) 10. P. dactylina, (Ach.) white, thin, unequal, papillato-dacty- loid, stipitate ; apothecia in the apices of the papille; spores 1, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On moss in alpine districts, rare. 1870. Age Syn 383, Prodr. 89. (1798.) Nyl. Lapp. or. 140. Crombie En. 60, Isidium, Yias :—Ach. Meth. t. 3. f. 6, Exs :—Fellm, 144. Geog. Distrie :—E. Lapland, Norway. Bor. Prov :—7...15 ScoTLAND :—Morrone ; Cairn Turc, in Glen Dee and Glen Candlie, Braemar. Messrs. Brown & Crombie. Wates :—Cwm Cywion ! Nyl. Lapp. Or, 141, says this species has no reaction with K. but Fellm. 144! and also a specimen from Norway give decided reaction K yellow C yellow. © Spores .125—220 mm. long, .065—85 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) C. Thallus K yellow, C reddish-orange. ll. P. bryontha, (Ach.) white or whitish, thin, effuse, sub- granuato-unequal ; apothecia dark-livid, liver-colour or fusces- cent, opake, lecanoroid, thalline margin ultimately depressed and excluded ; spores 1, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On moss in alpine places, rare. Syn :—Ach, Meth. 167, (1803.) ee ee re Scand. 178, Crombie En. 59, Exs :—Th. M. Fr. 9. Fellm. 142. A Groce. Distrip :—Norway, E. Laplowd, Civtdaniy, Bor. Prov :—15. ScotianD :—Cairngorm and Bennaboord, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie, “Spores .150—.220 mm. long, .050—70 mm, broad.” (Nyl,) *‘ Spores .112 —230 mm. long, .040—70 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 12, P. melaleuca, (Sm.) yellowish-cream-colour, thin, mem- branaceous, sub-determinate, smoothish ; verruce scattered, hemi- spharico-depressed, irregular ; ostiola brownish-black, pseudo- -disciform, depressed, thalline margin lacerate ; spores 2, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees, not common. 1812. Syw :—Smith in E, Bot. 2461. (1812.) T. & B, Lich. Brit. 183. Mudd Man. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 231 Fic :—E. Bot, 2461. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 10. f, 3. Exs :—Hepp 935. Anzi It, S. 351. 350. 352. Langob, 223. Zw. 359. Arn, 149. Welw. Lusit. 99. Korb, 268, Geog. Distris :—Germany, Italy, Portugal. Bot. Prov :—2, 3...7, 8...24...26. Enauanp :—St. Leonards Forest! Henfield! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. 1812.) Teyeross ! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Mile-end near Colchester, Essex. Mr, arenne, f IRELAND :—Curraghmore. Adm. Jones. WALES :—Dolgelley ! : ‘Spores .015 to .019 in. long, by ,007 to 008 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .07 —.075 mm. long, .035 mm. broad. 13. P. fallax, (Pers.) albidoflavescent or cinereo-flavescent, sub- effuse, cartilagineo-membranaceous, smooth, plicato-rugose; verrucce aggregato-deformed ; ostiola brownish-black or nigticant, dilated, de- formed, sub-lecanoroid, thalline margin thick, undulato-sub-crenate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees and rocks, not common. 1801. Syn :—Persoon fide Ach. Syn. 110. (1817.) Thelotrema hymeneum, Turn. and Borr, L. Br. 185. Isidium lutescens, Turn. and Borr. 1. c. 87, Mudd Man. 276, P, Wulfenii, D.C. Fic :—E., Bot. 1731 & 1529. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 10. f. 2. Exs :—Hepp 679. Anzi Htr. 40. Nyl. 49. Mudd 266. Zw. 292. Leight. 71. Variolose and Isidioid forms :—Aunzi Htr. 41. 43. Scher, 238, Hepp 680. Zw. 297. Stenh. 143, 144. Gxoc. Distris :—Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, France, Madeira, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11, 12...19...30. Encouanp:—Ingleby Park! Airyholme Wood! Cleveland, Mr. Mudd. Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. St. Leonards Forest! Danny! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. New Forest. Mr. Lyell. Hevingham Parsonage, Norfolk. Rev. J. Alderson, Epping Forest. Mr. Forster. Ockham, Surrey; Hurstpierpoint and Henfield! Sussex ; Ickworth Park and near Bramfield, Suffolk. Mr. Borrer. Acle Wood, Norfolk. Mr. Turner. Westmoreland! Mr, Winch. near Eglestone; near Gibside ; Horsleyhope Bourne, Durham; East Common Wood and Felton Wood on the Coquet, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Frankling, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Dr. Dickie. Braxted; Messing; Yeldham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Pophills and Oversley Hill, Warwickshire. Mr. Purton. between Polegate and Priesthawe. near Eastbourne, Sussex. Mr. Roper. Eden- bridge, Hothfield, Chiselhurst, Seven Oaks, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Caer Caradoc ! Haughmond Hill! Sharpstones Hill! Llanyblodwel rocks! Shropshire. TRELAND :—Blarney! co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Glenarm. Dr. Moore. near Bel- fast, Mr. Templeton. Askew Wood, co. Kerry; Dunkerron Mountain. Dr. Taylor. Wates :—Barmouth ! Rev. 7. Salwey. Bettws-y-coed ! Llanbedrog! Trefriw ! ‘Spores .017 to .021 in. long, by .007 to .011 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .058—85 mm. long, .028—38 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .07—.08 mm. long, .035—.04 mm, broad. forma sulphurea, (Scher.) sulphury-yellow, tartareous, effuse ; verruce diformed, crowded into an areolato-verrucose crust ; apothecia many ; ostiola punctiform, nigricant, depressed ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple. On rocks, frequent, but generally sterile, Syn :—Var. rupicola, Scher. Fin. 229, (1850.) Mudd Man. 276. Fic :—Mass. Ric. f. 383. Exs :—Scher. 594, 595, Anzi Ven. 165, Etr, 42, Geroc. DistriB :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—5...7...26. Ewauanp :—Bodbury Ring ! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Sir. T, Gage in hb. Borr! River Dawros! Galway. Mr, Larba- lestier. : Wates :—Crib Coch! Cwm Clwyd! Llanbedrog! near Pwllheli. “Spores ,021 to .025 in. long, by .008 to.011 in. broad.” (Mudd. ) 232 THE LICHEN-FLORA forma sparsilis, Ny]. verruce scattered and dispersed (K yellow C reddish orange.) On rocks, rare. 1876. IRELaNnD :—Near Lough Feagh! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) D. Thallus K yellow, C crimson. 14. P. gyrocheila, Nyl. cinerascent, sub-granuloso-unequal, rimoso-diffract ; apothecia in thelotremoid tubercules, simple or ulti- mately sub-gyrose, thalline margin thick, sub-gyrose ; epithecium glypholecine, hymenium pale; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid ; gela- tina hymenea and thecz blue with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1864. Syw:—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 354. Groc. DistRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers! df. Carroll. “* Spores .068—70 mm. long, .036—50mm. broad.” (Vy/l.) E. Thallus K—, C crimson. 15. P. velata, (Turn.) milk-white or whitish, smoothish or rugoso- unequal, rimulose, determinate, radiato-rugose or plicate towards the circumference, verruce small, depressed, concolorous ; apothecia pale, plane, lecanoroid ; spores 1, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, very large. On trees and rocks, rare. 1808. Syw :—Turner in Linn. Trans. 9, 143. ete } Variolaria lactea, Turn. & Borr! L. Br. 69. Variolaria aspergilla, T. & B.! 1. c. 67. Variolaria conspurcata, T. & B.! 1c, 55. Isidium coccodes, B. T. & B.! 1. c. 89, Fic :—Linn. Trans. 9. t. 12. f. 1. E. Bot. 2062. V. aspergilla, E. Bot. 2401. V. lactea, E. Bot. 2410. Ach. Meth. t. 1. f. 6. V. conspurcata! E. Bot. 964. Mudd Man. t. 5. f. 114. Exs:—Maudon 7. Welw. Lusit. 98. Zw. 296. Hepp 677. Bohl. 26. Schaer, 596. Geoc, Distr :—Madeira, Ceylon, Italy, Norway, Martinique, St. Vincent, 0. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7, 8...11, 12...15, 16...19...30. EncGLanD :—St. Leonard’s Forest ; Henfield; Itchenor, Sussex. Mr. Borrer, New Forest ! Adm. Jones. Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey. Northern Counties. Rev. J. Harriman. Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Henham; Wrentham ; Ickworth; Herringfleet, Suffolk. Mr. Borrer. Horsley- hope Bourn. Messrs, Thornhill & Robertson. Burgh Castle, Suffolk ; Scole Inn, Norfolk. Mr. Turner. Cawston Church. Sir. J. E Smith. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Braxtead, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Moreton, Devon. Rev. v. P. Jones. Challock Wood, near Wye, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Mr, Holmes. Haughmond Hill! Shomere Moss ! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Invercauld ; Sidlaw Hills! Mr. Gardiner. Ben Brecht, Argyle- shire. Mr. Paterson. TreLanD :—Near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Ballygally Head, Antrim. Dr. Moore. Kenmare River. Dr. Taylor. Glengariff. Adm. Jones. Dromore, co, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Wates :—Anglesea. Rev. Hugh Davies. Holyhead! Cader Idris. Mr. Holmes. Cwm Cywion! Aran Mowddy! Twll Du! Crib Coch! Spore -051 to .061 in. long, by .014 to .016 in, broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .214—.310 mm. long, .067—.090 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .490 mm. long, .14 mm. broad. F. Thallus K—, C' rose-colour. 16. P. faginea, (L.) glaucous-white, thickish, tartareous, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 233 effuse or sub-determinate, brown and zonate at the circumference, smooth, rugose; verrucce convex, confluent, sorediate, margin narrow, obscure, eventually excluded ; spores not seen. On trees and rocks, common. Syw :—Linn. Sp. Pl. No. 10. (1753.) Turn. & Borr. ! Lich. Brit, 64. V. ilicea! Lyell! MS. in herb. Borrer. 1G :—H. Bot. 1713. Exs :—M. & N, 264. Mudd 263, Grog. Distris :—Arctic America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...10...15...80. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr, Borrer, near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Forest! Mr. Lyell. Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. EH. N. Bloomfield. Bexley, Penshurst, Postling, Shoreham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Hunter’s Hill, Glammis! Mr. Gardiner. IRELAND :—Near Belfast and Devis Mountain. Mr. Templeton. Although I have been unable to detect spores, yet the different chemical reaction indicates this to be distinct. G. Thallus K—C-. 17. P. ophthalmiza, Nyl. greyish, thin, smoothish, or slightly rugoso-unequal, verruccee crowded, small, albo-sorediate ; apothecia 1 rarely 2 or three in each verruca, lecanoroid, nigricant, thalline margin rugose, or sub-leprose ; spores 1, colourless, ellipsoid. On aged pine trees, rare. 1864, Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 180, (1861,) Flora 1865. p. 354. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—15. Scotianp :—Glenfalloch ! Messrs. Jones & Carroll. (1864.) “Spores .160—.205 mm. long, .080—.100 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) 18. P. globulifera, (Turn.) greyish, cartilagineo-membranaceous, verrucoso-rugose, albo-sorediate, smooth, zonate and brown at the circumference ; verruce large, globular, closed, slightly depressed, lycoperdoid, eventually lacerato-dehiscent, and pseudo-scutelliform, albo-sorediate , spores 1 or 2, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large. On trees, rare. 1802. Syn : —Variolaria, Turner in Linn. Trans. 9. 139. (1808.) Nyl. Scand. 180. Turn. & Borr. L. Br. 59, Ach. Syn. 180. V. discoidea, T. & B.! 1c, 61. Fie :—Linn. Tr. 9. t. 10. f. 2. E. Bot. 2008. and 1714. Exs :—Scher. 597. Bohl. 96. Anzi It. 8. 346. 347, Geog, DistriB :—Europe, Ohio, ‘l'asmania. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7.-.10,..19...26. EnGuanp :—Yarmouth ; and St. Leonard’s and Danny ! Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. 1802.) Craig-y-Rhiw! and Llanforda! near Oswestry. Rev. ZT. Salwey. New Forest! Adm. Jones. Malham, Yorkshire. Dr. Carrington. Brantsdale ; Kildale, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Bagtor Wood ; Ilsing- ton, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. Paradise, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. near Cirencester, Mr. W. Joshua. Coxwall Knoll! near Bucknell, Chudleigh ! Pens- hurst, Ightham, Postling, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Llanyblodwel rocks ! Shropshire. IrnELAND :—Castlemartyr Deer Park co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Ashley Park ! near Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Bala, Dolmelynon. Mr. Holmes. 19. P. Hutchinsie, (Turn. & Borr.) white or cream-colour, thin, effuse, minutely rugoso-unequal ; verrucee small, crowded, deformed, pseudo-disciform; ostiola large, brownish-black, cesio-pruinose, depressed, margin lacerate ; spores 1, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large. 234 THE LICHEN-FLORA On moss in alpine districts, rare. 1812. Syn :—Thelotrema, Turn. & Borr. L. Br. 178. (1818). Mudd Man. 277. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl 2652. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 11. f. 1. Grog. Distrrp :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—19. TRELAND :—Near Bantry! Miss Hutchins. (1812.) “ Spores .042 to .052 in. long, by .014 to .016 in. bread.” (Jfudd.) Spores .095 mm. long, .055 mm. broad. 20. P. glomulifera, (Borr.) whitish, thin, effuse, verrucce globoso- obovate, smooth ; apothecia 1; ostiola small, punctiform or papillate, depressed, nigricant ; spores 4, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On moss in alpine places, rare. Syn :—Leight. Ang. Lich. 30. (1851.) Mudd Man. 277. Fie :—Leight. 1. c. $. 11. f. 2. Grog. Distrrp :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. Scornanp :—Highlands! Mr. Borrer and Dr. Maingay. 21. P. pustulata, (Ach.) grey or greyzsh-olive, smooth, thin, effuse, contiguous or rimose; verruce scattered, hemispherical, convex, small; apothecia many ; ostiola dark-brown, punctiform, slightly depressed ; spores 2, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 309. 1810.) Syn, 110. Ny]. Prodr. 195. Leight. Ang. Lich. 30, Mudd Man. 275. Fic :—Leight. 1. c. t. 10. f. 4. Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3 ..5...7...(19-- 30)...31. EncLanpD :—Shanklin ! Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Dr. Dickie. Braxted; Messing; Yeldham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. near Ciren- cester. Mr. W. Joshua. TRELAND :—Frequent. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Near Dolgelley ! Tanybwlch! near Capel Curig. ‘ ees IsLanps :—Guernsey! Rev. T. Salwey, Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Lar- estier. ‘Spores .016 to .021in. long, by .007 to .009 in. broad.” (Mudd. 22. P. leioplaca, (Ach.) glaucous-white or pale-yellowish-brown, membranaceous, smooth, verruce scattered, depresso-hemispherical, large ; apothecia 1; ostiola brownish-black, punctiform, slightly depressed ; spores 4, (sometimes 5 or 6 or 8), colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On trees, not uncommon. oe oa L. U. 309. excl. var. (1810.) Syn, 110, Nyl. Scand. 181. Mudd an. 276. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 77. f. 675. Exs :—Hepp 675. Mudd 267. M. & N. 847. Scher. 119. Zw. 291. A. Stenh. 141. Smrft. 57. Geog. DistRIB :—Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7...10 ..15...19...24...26...31. Encuanp ; — Sowerdale! Hoggatts Wood; Airyholme; Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Yoxall Lodge! Staffordshire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Shanklin ! Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Woolwich Wood; Sibertswold, Dover, Wye, Ightham, Seven Oaks, Canterbury, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Old Town Fields, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. Nesscliffe Hill! Weir Coppice ! near Shrewsbury. Llanyblodwel rocks ! ScotLanD :—Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Castleton, Adm, Jones. TreLanp :—Killarney. Mr. Carroll. a Adm. Jones. Castle Taylor, ia Dr. Moore. Renvyle Wood ! near Kylemore co. Galway, Mr. Larba- estier. Waxes :—Craig Breidden ! Drwsynant! Bettws-y-coed! Trefriw! Edder- ton Wood! near Forden. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 235 CuanneL IsLANps :—Quenvais, Jersey, Mr, Larbalestier. ‘Spores .014 to .021 in. long, by .005 to .009in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘ Spores .042—75 mm. long, .020—38 mm, broad.” (yl. 1 “Spores .042—90 mm. ee mm. broad, Spores 8=.034—60 mm. long, ,016—30 mm, broad,”’ . MM, Fr. 23. P. nolens, Nyl. cinereous, smooth, areolato-rimose, determi- nate ; apothecia innate, without thalline prominence ; ostiola black, plane, rotundate, oblong or deformed, 2 or more approximate, colourless within; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; theca cylindrical, intensely blue with iodine. Externally much like Lecanora cinerea. On maritime basaltic rocks, rare. T864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1864. p, 489. Grog. Distr :—Europe, Bor. Prov :—30. IreLanp :—Glenarm, co. Antrim! Adm. Jones. Lough Feagh! Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .026—.027 mm. long, .013—.014 mm. broad, 24. P. wanthostoma, (Smmrf.) milk-white, smooth, thin, verruce subglobose, somewhat depressed above, 2 or 3 concrescent ; apothecia 1 or 2 in each thalline verruca ; ostiola depressed, pale or pallido- lutescent ; spores 4, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, On Erica tetralix. Very rare. Syn :—Porina xanthostoma, Smmrf. in V. Ak. H, 1823. p, 115. Endocarpon, Smurf. Lapp, 136. Ny]. Scand. 182. Exs :—Smumrf. Norveg. 142. T. M. Fr. 74. Groce. Distrip :—Norway. Bor. Prov :—1L5. ScortanD :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘* Spores .060—76 mm. long, .034—40 mm. broad” (MNyl.) ‘Spores .055— 76 mm. long, .0032—40 mm. broad. (7. M. Fr.) 25. P. inquinata, (Ach.) cinerascent, areolato- or verrucoso- rimose ; apothecia innate, one or more in each areola; ostiola black, nearly plane, variously flexwoso-deformed and rotundate, margin thin, irregular, persistent, paler; spores 8, colourless, rotundo- ellipsoid, simple. On rocks, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 353, (1810.) T. M, Fr. L, Scand. 311. Grog. Distrrp :—Sweden, Norway. Bot. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lettermore! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) “Spores .025—30 mm. long, .014—18 mm. broad. Thecex alone I blue,” (7, M. Fr.) Spores .034 mm. long, .021mm. broad. Paraphyses distinct. 26. P. incarnata, Leight. creamy-white, thin, tartareous, effuse, smooth, plane, minutely rimuloso-diffract. (K —C—.); apothecia single, of a waxy appearance, pater than the thallus, pro- minent, sessile, depresso-globose, variable in size according to age, in maturity large ; ostiolum yellowish-flesh-coluur, lecanoroid, at first small and round, poriform, eventually dilated and urceolate, sur- rounded by a broad, thick, pale, waxy, thalline margin ; hymenium in section ceraceo-gelatinose, flesh-coloured ; paraphyses slender, 236 THE LICHEN-FLORA more or less branched and entangled, apices colourless ; spores 2, colourless, very large, linsari-oblong or ellipsoid, simple, with a very narrow limb or epispore. @ On granite rocks, very rare. 1875. Syn :—Leight. in Linn. Trans. 2d ser, 1, 241. (1877.) Fic :—Linn. Trans, 1. c. t, 38. f.1. 2 & 3. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) Pas -062—.067 mm. long. .033—.035 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I violet. This beautiful lichen is excessively rare, and apparently quite new to science, It has occurred only once to Mr. Larbalestier, whose indefatigable and skilful lichenological researches in the West of Ireland have added so many and such rare novelties to our lichen-flora. In general external aspect it a good deal resembles Lecanora epulotica, Ach., for which it might cursorily be readily mistaken ; but the number, size, and shape of the spores and other characters keep them abundantly apart. It seems allied to Pertusaria rhodoleuca, Th. Fries ; but that species is at once distinguished by its 8 smallerspores. Pertu- saria rhodocarpa of Garovaglio’s ‘Comment. de Pertusariis Europ. Med.’ p. 8, t. iv. £. 4, is like it in the large size and narrowly limbed two spores, but differs in growing on mosses, and having a verrucoso-granulose thallus and coacervate aggregate numerous apothecia. Garovaglio’s plant, which he refers doubtfully to P. rhodocarpa, Krbr. (Syst. p. 384), cannot be identical with that German lichen, inasmuch as Th. Fries, who has examined an original specimen from Korber, ‘in Lich. Scand.’ p, 322, refers Koérber’s lichen to Varicellaria rhodo- carpa, Th. Fr., which has an immense single 1-septate spore, and is represented in Th. Fr. L. Scand. Exs, 73! and has reaction K—, C crimson, and is altogether different in its sorediate thallus. H. Thallus K brownish, C—. 27. P. fastigiata, (Twn. & Borr.) albido-cinereous, tartareous, thick, consisting of erect closely juxta-posed simple columns, their apices fastzgiate, forming an areolate surface, areola convex, rough, papillato-sorediate or pulverulent ; apothecia 2, 3, 4 or 5; spores not seen. On siliceous rocks, rare. 1813. Dr. Taylor Fl. Hib, 2. 114. well describes this lichen his Variolaria polythecia as forming large pees on the rocks, ‘‘ eee by the crowded and stalked apothecia, placed in contact, like certain basaltic columns.” His specimens in the Hook. Herb. at Kew are perfectly identical with the authentic speci- mens of Isidium oculatum, B fastigiatum of T. & B. Lich. Brit, 103. in the Borrer Herb. A vertical section shewed sufficient to enable us to regard this a Pertusaria, although the microscope failed to discover the spores. Syn :—Isidium oculatum B fastigiatum, Turn. & Borr.! Lich. Brit. 103, (1818.) Variolaria polythecia, Tayl.! Fl Hib. 2. 114, Bor. Prov :—19...26. IRELAND :—Connemara. Mr. Mackay. near Bantry! Miss Hutchins, Dun- kerron! Dr. Taylor. Boar’s Head Rocks! Afr. Borrer. 28, P. sublactea, (Leight.) creamy-yellow, tartareous, thin, undulato-rugose, very slightly rimose ; apothecia scattered, distinct, elevated, depresso-convex, albo-sorediate ; spores unknown. On siliceous rocks, rare. 1813. This oocurs as a single specimen in Borrer Herb. at Kew, under the name of Variolaria lactea. V. lactea and its var. arenaria, T. & B.! Lich, Brit. 69. have reaction K—C crimson and are referable as states of P. velata, Turn. The present lichen has a totally different reaction K pale-brownish-yellow C— and is no doubt the plant spoken of in the Lich. Brit. p. 72, Syy :—Turn, & Borr. Lich. Brit. 72. (1813.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 237 Groc. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19. IRELAND :—Miss Hutchins & Sir Thos. Gage. IX. PHLYCTIS, Wadir. Thallus slightly crustaceous, continuous or pulverulent. Apo- thecia erumpent, rotundato-difformed, thalline margin indistinct. Spores 1-2, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, murali-divided, large. Spermatia short, slender, straight. 1. P. agelea, (Ach.) whitish or albo-canescent, thin, subdeter- minate or effuse, rugose or sub-leprose or sub-levigate, rimoso- diffract ; apothecia irregular, depressed, scattered or crowded, nigricant, albido-or cesio-suffused, thalline margin leprose, inflexed, irregularly crenate ; spores 2, luteo-fuscescent, ellipsoid, murali- divided, apically mucronate ; (thallus K yellow, then orange.) On trees, frequent. 1807. Syn :—Ach, Prod. 30. (1798.) Syn. 117. Nyl. Scand. 184, Mudd Man. 279. Variolaria, Turn. & Borr! Lich. Brit. 78. Fie :—E. Bot. 1730. Hepp Sporen. t. 80. f. 703, Exs :—Nyl, 54. Hepp 703. Mudd 269, Anzilt. S. 345. Rabh. 807. Mass. 206. Zw, 298, Leight. 282. Grog. Distrre :—Italy, Germany, Bavaria, France, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...7...10...19...24...26...31. ENGLAND :—Yarmouth ! Mr. Turner. (1807.) Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Hoggarts Woods! Ingleby; Airyholme Wood! Kildale; Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Hat- field Broad Oak ; Braxted, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Pophills, Warwickshire. Rev. W. S. Rufford. Epping Forest ; New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Penshurst, Edenbridge, Hythe, Lympne, Sandgate, Newington, Beechborough, Bidden- den, Frittenden, Charing, Lenham, Sibertswold, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Haugh- mond Hill! Shropshire. Huglith! near Church Stretton. IRELAND :—Castlebernard Park, Bandon. Adm. Jones, Castle Taylor, Galway. Dr. Moore. Kitsboro’ ; and Riverstone, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wats :—Edderton Wood ! Forden, Montgomeryshire. CHanneL IsLANDs :—Jersey, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .012 to .017 in. long, by .004 to .007 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .045—70 mm. long, .014—27 mm. broad.” (Wyl,) ‘‘ Spores .045—72 mm. long, .014—32 mm. broad.” (Z. UM. Fr.) 2. P. argena, (Ach.) silvery-grey or cream-colour, thin, effuse, rugose or sublevigate, pulverulent ; apothecia orbicular, scattered or crowded, depressed, pulverulent, brown, ceesio-pruinose, thal- line margin rugose, inflexed ; spores 1, luteo-fuscescent, narrow- oblong or cylindraceo-oblong, 5-septate, murali-divided, very large ; (thallus K yellow, then red.) On trees, frequent. 1808. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 8. (1798.) Meth. 74. Syn. 47. Nyl. Scand. 184. Mudd Man. 280. Variolaria, Turn. and Borr.! L, Br. 75, Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 80 f. 705. Exs :—Hepp 705. Zw. 299. Rabh. 806. Geog. DistrRis :—Switzerland, Germany. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...7, 8...10. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Kildale, Cleveland, Mr. Mudd. Charnwood Forest! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blocam. New Forest and near Exeter. Rev. J. M., Crombie. Selling, Hythe, Tunbridge, Biddenden and Beechborough, Kent ; Shere, Surrey. Mr. Holmes. Wates :—Dolgelley. Mr. Holmes. Bettws-y-coed ! “ Spores .025 to .032 in. long, by .007 to .009 in. broad.” (Mudd,) ‘Spores .100--,140 mm, long, .027—50 mm. broad.” (Wyl. & 7. M, Fr.) 238 THE LICHEN-FLORA Sup-rrise VII. THELOTREMEI. Apothecia verruceform, open. Spores 8, murali-divided. X. THELOTREMA. Ack. Thallus slightly crustaceous, continuous. Apothecia verruce- form, at first closed, then open ; ostiolum rotundo-poriform, margin double, external or thalline one thin, even, internal or proper one membranaceous, lacero-dehiscent, disk urceolate, depressed ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, murali-divided. 1. TZ. lepadinum, Ach. whitish or yellow-cream-colour, sub-effuse, smooth or slightly ruguloso-unequal ; apothecia hemispherical, scattered, ostiolum round, open, margin even ; disk urceolato-scutel- liform, dark-brown, cesio-pruinose or naked, proper margin lace- rate, inflexed; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-fusiform, murali- divided. On trees, holly, frequent, rarely on rocks. 1800. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 30, (1798.) Syn. 115. Nyl. Scand. 185. Turn. & Borr, ! Ach. Brit. 180. Mudd Man. 278. Fic :—E. Bot. 678. Laight. ‘Ang. Lich. t. 12. f. 1 Exs :—Schar. 121. Bohl. 29, Mudd 268. M. & N. 257. Zw. 352. Nyl 50. Hepp 948. Leight. 121. Geroc. Distr :—Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, France, Germany, Spain, Guyana, N. Zealand. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7...10, 11...15...(19—30)...26 ENGLAND :—Eglestone and Teesdale - Forest, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. (1800.) Sussex! Mr. Borrer. King’s Wood, Roche Abbey! Yorkshire. Mr. Bohler. near Old Ryland! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Baysdale ! Airyholme ! Hob Hole! Cleveland. Mr, Mudd. near Beverley. Mr. Teesdale. Studley Woods, Yorkshire. Mr. Brunton. New Forest. Mr. Lyell. Costesey near Norwich. Sir. W. J. Hooker. St. Leonard's Forest and near Tunbridge Wells. Messrs. Turner and Borrer. Gibside ; Ravensworth and Cawsey Woods, Durham ; Bearl Wood; Fast Common Wood and Felton Woods, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. Ightham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Haughmond Hill! Holly Park! near Stokesay. Shropshire. ScotLanp :—Loch Katrine, Breadalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Common on trees, rare on rocks. Mr. Carroll. Lough Muck! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Hafod, Cardiganshire. Sir. J. E. Smith. Cors-y-gedol! Rev. 7, Salwey,. Dolgelley ! Bettws-y-coed ! ‘* Spores .012 to .018 in long, by .003 to .0045 in. broad. t.5.f. 116.” (Mudd. ) “Spores .035—70 mm. long, .011—16 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores -080—.090 mm. long, .015—.020 mm. broad. forma rupestre, T. & B. deep-yellow or ochrey, tartareous, dis- persed ; apothecia deformed, crowded, ostiolum dilated, thalline margin tumid, disk darker-brown ; spores 1-2. On rocks, not common. 1813. Syn :—Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. 180. eed ee Ang. Lich. 32, Mudd Man. 278. var. scutelliforme, Ach. L. ys 313. Syn. 11 Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 12. f. 2. Gzoc. Distrre :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...7...11...26. ENGLAND :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Sussex. Mr. Borrer. IRELAND :—Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor. Kylemore Castle! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier.. Wates :—Llyn Bodlyn! Rev. 7. Salwey. Spores .070 mm. long, .015 mm. broad. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 239 2. 7. subtile, Tuck. whitish or milky-white, macular, somewhat shining ; apothecia erumpent, small, white, thalline margin slightly prominent, proper margin albo-pulverulent ; spores 8, colourless, ob- long, 10-13-celled. On young oaks and birch, very rare. 1864. Syv :—Tuck. Suppl. 1. 426, (1858.) Nyl. in Flora 1854, p. 491. Grog. Distr :—Europe, N. America. Bov. Prov :—19...26...29. TRELAND :—Lough Inchiquin co. Kerry; Croghane, Turk Mountain, and Cromaglown, Killarney; near Derrycundry and at the Eagles Nest. Mr. Carroll. (1864.) Glengariff. Adm. Jones. Glenveigh co. Donegal, Dr. Moore. Doreen Island! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .040—56 long, .009—.010 mm. broad.” (yl. ) XI. URCEOLARIA, Ach. pr. p. Nyl. Thallus crustaceous. Apothecia urceolate. Spores 8, fuscous, septato-murali-divided. Spermatia cylindrical. 1. U. scruposa, (L.) albido-cinerascent, tartareous, verrucoso- rugose or granulose, areolato-diffract, areole verrucoso-rugose ; apothecia immersed, urceolate, black, more or less cinereo-pruinose, proper margin nigricant, thalline margin thick, rugose or crenulate on the inner side ; spores 8, virescenti-fuscescent, ellipsoid, 5-sep- tate, murali-divided ; (thallus C red.) On rocks, walls, &., frequent. 1741. oe rr ae Mant. 2. 131. (1771) Ach. Syn. 142. Nyl. Scand. 176. Mudd an. 165. Fig :—E. Bot. 266. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 11, f. 3. Exs :—M. & N. 169, Scher. 182. 289. Anzi It. S. 227, 229. Leight. 54. 379. Hepp 915. Fellm. 141. Nyl. 46. Mudd 137. Mass. 359. Grog. Distrrp :—Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Pyrenees, France, E. Lap- land, New Zealand, Ceylon. ; Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4. 5...7, 8...10, 11, 12...19...22, 23, 24...26...31. Eneianp :—Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire. Sir J. E. Smith. Darking- ham, Surrey. Dillenius (1741.) Gogmagog Hills; Newmarket Heath. Rev. R. Relhan. Lonsdale! Lanbraughrigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. near Kglestone ; Harewood Forest, between Widdy Bank and Cauldron Snout, Durham. Mr, Winch. Duryard, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blocam. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. My. Purton. Bedfordshire. Rev. C. Abbot. near Wooton-under-Edge. Mr. W. Joshua. Guest- ling, Sussex. Rev. EZ. NW. Bloomfield. Foreshield, Alston, Cumberland. Rev. W. Johnson. Hayes Common, Penshurst, Ightham, Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Holmes. High Rock ! near Bridgnorth ; Haughmond Hill! Bayston Hill! Lyth Hill! near Shrewsb' ! Cold Hatton Heath! Loppington! Grinshill! Shropshire. Stannor Hill! Herefordshire. IRELAND :—Dunkerron, Kerry; Portmarnock, Dublin. Dr. Taylor. Glenda- lough, Wicklow. Adm. Jones. Loughcooter, Galway. Mr. Carroll. Killarney. Mr. Hardy. Wates :—Dolgelley, Cader Idris. Mr. Holmes. Barmouth! Aran Mowddy ! CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jersey ; Guernsey ; Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .005 to .007 in. long, by .002 to .00275 in. broad. t. 3. f. 57.” (Mudd. ) “Spores .026—88 mm. long, .012—15 mm. broad.” (Nyl. & 7. M. Fr.) Spores .025 mm. long, .012 mm. broad. forma gypsacea, (Ach.) creamy-white, thick, soft, rugoso-unequals sub-pulverulent, sub-areolate; apothecia wurceolate, black, cesio” pruinose ; thalline margin tumid, inflexed ; (thallus C red.) On calcareous rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 338, (1810.) Syn. 142, 240 THE LICHEN-FLORA Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 104. f. 916. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 327. 333, Zw. 76. Mass. 139. Arn. 95. Hepp 916. Geroc. Distrrs :—Portugal, Switzerland, Spain, Finland, Tyrol, Italy. Bort. Prov :—5...7...10...12...15...26. ENGLAND :—Cumberland! Mrs. Stanger. Kildale! Cleveland. ir. Mudd. Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Moffat. Rev. W. Johnson. IRELAND :—Glancorbol. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris. Moel-y-gest ! near Tremadoc. forma bryophila, Ach. greyish-white or white, granulato-rugose, efuse ; apothecia urceolate, immersed, nigro-cesious, margin tumid, inflexed and crenulate ; (C red.) On mosses and Cladoniz, rare. Syn :— Ach. Meth. 148. (1804,) Syn 10. Nyl. Scand. 177. Mudd Man. 165. is som PLL. t. 21. f. 1. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 11. f. 4. Hepp Sporen t. 28. f. 5 Exs :—Mass. 150. Anzi It. S. 228. 230. Hepp 210. Scher. 290. M. & N. 170. Nyl. 129. Leight. 359. 360. Ps DistR1s :—Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, France, Italy, Hungary, USsla. Bor. Prov :—3...5...7...15...19...28...31. ENncLanD :—Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr, Varenne. High Rock! near Bridgnorth; Church Stretton! Shrop- shire ; Bredon Hills! Leicestershire. ScoTLanD :—Glen Lochy, Breadalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IrELanp :—Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Armagh. Adm. Jones. Kilcully near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wa tes :—Llyn Gwernan ! Cxannet Isianps :—Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .026 mm. long, .013 mm. broad. Tre XV. LECIDEINEIL. I. LECIDEA. Ach. yl. Thallus crustaceous, various, squamose, granulose, areolate, powdery or evanescent. Apothecia patellulate, discoloured (not black) and biatorine, or black and lecideine, with proper margin, often obliterated, or urceolate and gyalectine. Apothecia inter- nally without gonidia. Spermatia acicular, straight or crenate, or shortly cylindrical. A. Spores simple. * Thallus sguamulose or verrucoso-squamulose. t Hypothecium pale or colourless. 1. LZ. decipiens, Ehrh. reddish-flesh-coloured, squamose, squa- mules appressed, rotundo-lobate or crenate, flattish, smooth, scat- tered, margins sub-jlexuose, upturned, white as well as the under sur- face, (K—C—) ; apothecia marginal, adnate, plano-convex, black, margin thin, paler, entire, soon obliterated ; hypothecium pale ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, about 24 longer than broad ; I blue. On the earth among calcareous rocks, not common, Syn :—Ebrhart in Hedw, Stirp. Crypt. 2.7. (1789.) Ach. Syn. 52. Nyl, Scand, 214. Mudd Man. 171. Fic :—E. Bot. 870, Hepp Sporen t. 14, f. 120, Exs :—Anzi It. S. 240. Ven, 56. Welw. Lusit. 95. Mass. 70. M. & N. 58. Scher, 164,.Leight. 334. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 241 Grog. DistR1B :—Italy, Switzerland, Pyrenees, Sweden, Norway, Bavaria, Portugal, Algeria, Texas. Bor. Prov :—4...7...11...15. ENGLAND :—Gogmagog Hills, Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. ScortanD :— Highlands. Messrs. Stuart & Don. Ben Lawers. Dr. Maingay. Killin and Clova. Rev. J. M. Crombie. WALES :—Gogarth ! Great Orme’s Head. The hye othecium which is very pale-fuscous rests on a white upraised promi- nence of the thallus. Paraphyses. concrete, apices fuscous. Spermatia straight, minute, sterigmata sub-simple. ‘‘Spores 13—15 mm. long, 3 times as long as broad.” (Hepp.) ‘0.012—16 mm. long & 0.005—7 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) ** 003 in. long, by ,00125 in, broad.” (Mudd.) Medulla I—. 2. L. globifera, (Ach.) fusco-rufous or castaneo-rufescent, squa- mose, syuamules reniform, imbricated, rigid, somewhat shining, rumoso-inculpted, lobate, flexuose, subhorizontal, thickened at the margins, concolorous or paler beneath (K— C—) ; apothecia fus- cous or black, elevated, convex and globose, immarginate, pale within, solitary or aggregate; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On earth in sub-alpine calcareous localities, rare. Syn ;—Ach. L. U. 213. (1810.) Syn. 51. Nyl. pene a Fic :—Hepp 2 Sparen 57. £. 489. Sturm D, Fi. t. 2 so as :—Zw. epp 489. Scher. 158. Th. M. fives 40. Anzi Langob. 263. mor: eee Peni: —Scandinavia, Norway, Sweden, Bavaria, Switzerland, Lombardy. Bor. Prov :—7...14. Scottanp :—Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh ; Pentland Hills. Dr, Maingay. Wats :—Great Orme’s Head ! The hypothecium is thin and fuscescent and rests on a white globose upraised prominence of the thallus. Hymenium pale-brownish, paraphyses coherent, rufo-fuscescent at the incrassate apices; gelatina hymenea I violet deep-blue then rufo-fuscescent. ‘‘Spores 0.012—15 mm. long, 0.005 mm. broad.” (NWyl.) ; ‘918 mikrom long, 2—24 longer than broad.” (Hepp.); ‘‘0.012—15 mm. long, 0.005—6 mm. broad.” (2. M. Fr.); ‘0015 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) .010—.013 mm. long, .005—006 mm. broad. forma rubiformis, (Whlnb.) squamules pale brown, imbricate, erect, margins and under surface whitish. On the earth in alpine places, rare. 1864. Syn :—Whinb. Fl. Lapp. 479. (1812.) Ach. Syn. 42. Nyl. Scand. 193. Exs :—Th. M. Fries 39. Anzi Langob. 137. Gxroc. Distris :—Norway, Sweden, Lombardy. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. Thallus K—C— ; medulla I—. Thestructure of the apothecium is precisely similar to that of Z. globifera, but the hymenium and hypothecium are more darkly fuscescent, and the spores are about one-fourth larger. Paraphyses cohcerent ; chemical reaction nearly similar, ‘‘Spores 0.012—17 mm. long, — . 005-7 mm. broad.” (7. M, Fr.) Spores .016 mm. long, .007 mm, roa 3. L. Salwen, Borr. whitish or creamy-white, tartareous, effuse or continuous, sguamulose, squamules depressed, tumid or granulose, bluntly lobed, appressed, unpolished, minutely innato-granulate, (K yellow C red) ; apothecta sessile, solitary or clustered, plane, lurid umber-brown, pruinose, margin paler, thin, elevated, flexuose; hypo- thecium pale ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large, twice as long as broad. On éarth amorg rocks, frequent. 1825. 242 THE LICHEN-FLORA Sry :—Borrer! in E. Bot. Suppl. 2861. (1841.) T, M, Fries Scand. 449. Biatora Wallrothii, Korb, Syst. 193. Mudd 154. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2861. Exs :—Zw. 78. Anzi Langob. 171. Larbal. 32. : Geroc. DistRip :—Germany, Switzerland, Lombardy, Arctic America, Nor- way. Bor. Prov :—1, 2,...6, 7...19...31. 7 Encianp : ~Near Sennen, Cornwall, Mr. Ralfs. Valley of Rocks at Linton, N, Devon! Mr. Borrer. Trevithal Moor! near Penzance. Mr. Curnow. Ply- mouth. Mr. Holmes. IRELAND :—Priest Leap Mountain near Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. ; WALES :—Craig Breidden, Montgomeryshire. (1825.) ; near Drws y Nant Isaf ; Road from Bala to Dolgelley ; Gelli-rhtdd near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Twll-da. Mr. Borrer. Crib Coch! Snowdon. Pen Cow! near Fishguard, Pem- brokeshire, CHANNEL IsLanps:—Saints Bay Guernsey! Rev. 7. Salwey. Beauport Bay, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Medulla of thallus I—; paraphyses distinct, slender and entangled. Disk of apothecium K—C red. Gelatina hymenea I brownish. Spores .021 mm. long, -011 mm. broad. 4. L. atro-rufa, (Dicks.) lurido-cinerascent or brownish, adnato- sguamulose, squamules depressed, or sub-verrucose or sub-imbricate, (K—C—); apothecia fuscous or nigricant, adnate, plano-convex, margin thin, soon obliterated; hypotheciwm colourless, the sides externally dark-brown; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea I bright-blue. On earth among sub-alpine rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :—Dicks. Br. Crypt. 4. 22. (1810.) Ach. Syn. 51. Nyl, Scand. 198. Mudd Fic :—E. Bot. 1102. Hepp Sporen t. 15. f. 122. Dicks, Lc. t. 12. f. 4. Exs :—Hepp 122. Th. M. Fries. 41. Scher. 171. Fellm. 151. Anzi It. S. 238. Groc. Distrin:— Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, E. Lapland, Hungary, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7...10, 11, 12...19...22...31. Enceianp:— Penrith Fell, Cumberland. Mr. Dickson. 1801.) Eglestone ! Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Farndale Moor, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Caer Caradoc ! Shropshire. ScoTLaND :—Ben Lawers ; Lochnagar; Ben Macdhui; Bennaboord. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers; Crainlarich. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Mount Douce, Wicklow. Adm. Jones. oe :—Cwm Glas! Snowdon. Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembroke- shire. CHANNEL IsLaNDs :—Guernsey. Rev. T. Salwey. Paraphyses compact, incrassate and fuscous at the apices. ‘‘Spores 0.010— 17 long, 0.006—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘9—13 mickrm. long, 2—23 as long as broad.” (Hepp.) ‘'0.012—17 mm. long, 0.005—8 mm. broad.” (Z7.M. Fr.) “© 002—.0025 in. long, by .001 in broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .014—.015 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. 5. L. rhizbola, (Nyl.) castaneofuscous or lurido-fuscescent, squa- mose, sguamules rigid, rotundate or rotundato-deformed, crenate at the margin, under surface pale or whitish, unequal, with long central radicles ; apothecia nigricant, moderate, pale within ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On the earth among rocks in alpine districts, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p, 4. Crombie En, 64. Gzog, Disrris :—Europe, Bor, Prov:—7, ScorLanp :—Ben Lawers, Adm. Jones. iin? to Z. globifera. “Spores .012—16 mm. long, ,006—7 mm.! broad.” yb. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 243 6. L. glaucolepidea, (Nyl.) glauco-virescent, membranaceous, squamulose, syuamules scattered, ascending, rounded, margins inciso- lobate and crenate, soreditferous ; apothecia large, adnate, solitary, reddish-black, convex, or cephaloid, depressed in the centre, margin obliterated ; hypothecium thick, pale-brown ; spores 8, colourless, ovate or elliptical, simple. On mountain turfy ground, rare. 1812. Syn :—Nyl. Enum. Gen. Suppl. 337. (1857.) Carroll in Nat. Hist. Rev. 1859. p. 326. Mudd Man. 171. Fig :—Nat. Hist. Rev. 1859. t. 32. f. 2. 3. a,b. v. Mudd t.3. f. 62. Groa. DISTRIB oe Bor. Prov :—19.. TRELAND :—Near. Bante Miss Hutchins. ue Sookh side of Crochan Mountain! 4 m. from Ballintoy co. Antrim. Dr. Moo: Thallus like a Cladonia. ‘‘Spores .0015 in. long, es 005—.00075 in. broad.” Mudd.) 7. L. armemaca, (DC.) pale-ochraceo-lutescent, areolato-diffract, areolee sub-sywamoso-verrucose, plane or subconvex, smooth, hypo- thallus bluish-black ; apothecia innate, nearly plane, immarginate, moderate ; hypothecium dusky or colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, simple ; (thallus K orange yellow, C red.) On rocks, rare. Syn :—L. armeniaca var. agleoides, Nyl. Delp. in Bull. Soc, Bot. Fr. vol. 10: p. 265, (1863.) Crombie Enum. 83. Groc. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Craig Calliach, East Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Paraphyses Lae short, distinct, but compact. Gelatina hymenea I intense blue. ‘‘Spores 0. .009—0.013 mm. long, 0.005—0.006 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) **0,009—0.013 mm. “long, 0.004—5 mm. broad.” (T. M. Fr.) 8. L. confertula, (Strtn. ) pallido-cinereous, squamuloso-crustaceous, squamules small, contiguous or dispersed (K—C—) ; apothecia fuscous, nearly plane, minute, very numerous, often contiguous, obtusely margined, enternally pale ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses not very distinct, almost conglutinate, fusco- clavate ; hypothecium colourless ; gelatina hymenea I blue then vinoso-violet especially the thece. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 86. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Near Killiecrankie. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) ** Spores .01—.013 mm, long, .0055—.007 mm. broad.” (Stirt.) 9. L. endocyanea, (Stirt.) cinereous or cinereous-black, or even black, squamuloso-diffract, squamule plane or somewhat convex, appressed (K—O—) ; apothecia fuscous-black, at first small and urceolate, then expanded plane or convex and immarginate, sessile, internally nearly all but especially upwards of a violet-colour ; hypo- thecium slightly fuscescent or nearly colourless ; paraphyses distinct, filiform, closely intertwined at the apices; asci cylindrical, at- tenuate at the base; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellip- soid, simple. On rocks, rare. 1877. 244 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 165. (1877.) Bot. Prov :—16. ScotLanD :—MulL Dr, Stirton. (1877.) “Spores .011—.014 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. Gelatine hymenea I blue then flavescent and the asci fulvescent. The epithecium is overlaid with a dense granular darker layer.” (Stirt.) 10. JL. sporeta, (Stirt.) whitish, disperso-squamulose, squamules small, appressed, plane or somewhat convex and sometimes crenu- late (K—C—) ; apothecia fuscous or fuscous-black, very crowded, adnate, plane, obtusely margined, somewhat shining, small ; hypo- thecium colourless ; paraphyses not well discrete, apices fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 166. (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. Scottanp :—Island of Mull. Dr. Stirton. (1877.) Spores .011—.015 mm. long, .005—.006 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then fulvescent.” (Stirt.) ll. L. pissodes, (Stirt.) fusco-badious or fuscous-black, syuamu- loso-diffract, squamules small, somewhat concave or plane, (K— C—); apothecia black, crowded, innate, small, plane, slightly margined ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses indistinct, irregular, slender, apices black or darkly-blue-black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On rocks, rare. 1877, Sux :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 166. (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. ScotLanp :—Island of Mull. Dr. Stirton. (1877.) “Spores .C07—.01 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad, Gelatina hymenea I blue then fulvescent.” (Stirt.) tt Hypothectum dark. 12. L. lurida, (Swartz.) lurido-fuscescent, imbricato-squamose, squamules rigescent, sub-horizontal, sub-orbicular, smooth, sinuato- lobate, under surface white, (K—C—) ; apothecia nigro-fuscous, adnate, plane or convex, margin thin, flexuose, soon obliterated ; hypothecium thick, dark-brown; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On earth among calcareous rocks. 1793. Syn :—Swartz Nov. Act. Upsal. 4. 247. (1784.) Ach. Syn. 51. Nyl. Scand. 192. Mudd Man. 170, Fic :—E. Bot. 1329. Sturm D. Fl. t. 27, Hepp eporet t. 14. £. 121. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 239. Dicks. 25. Mass. 67. 68. Nyl. 131. M. & N. 643, Hepp 121. Scher. 157. Larbal. 31. Crombie 79. Reich. & Schub. 47. Geoc, Disrrre :—Sweden, Norway, Italy, Pyrenees, Hungary, France Switzerland, Bavaria, Algeria. 2 Bor. Prov :—1...7...12...15...23...26...31. Encianp :—Cumberland. Mr, Dickson. (1793.) Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Middleton! Teesdale. Mr. Robertson. Babbteatibe ! Mr. Borrer. Buxton; Malham. Dr. Carrington. Bathford Hill, Bath. Dr. Holl. oe rae Laas aa Jone. rae Guie, Rev. J. M. Crombie. ALES :—Cellfawr, Barmout! y. T. Salwey. Eglwyseg rocks! oo ee SM e excipulum is -brown, and horny in texture, inclosing a thick dark- brown medullary mass upon which the bymenium rests. Parphe: densely coherent, apices rufescent. I brown with greenish hue, but Nyl. and T. M. Fr. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 245 say I pale-blue then vinous-red. ‘Spores 0.013—15 mm. long, 0.006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.)‘* 0.012—16 mm. long, 0.005—7 mm. broad.” (T. M. Fr.) ‘002 to .0025 in. long, by .001 to .00125 in. broad.” ( Mudd.) ‘9—15 mikrm long, twice as long as broad.” (Hepp.) .010—011 mm. long. .006—.007 mm. broad, ‘‘Spermatia ellipsoid or sub-cylindrical.” (Mudd.) The margins of the thalline squamules are generally thickened and sometimes slightly upturned. There is a paler state of the thallus, forma pallescens, Th. M. Fries Scand. 414, 13. LZ. Friesit, Ach. brownish-olive, cartilaginous, diffuse, glebuloso-sguamose, sguamules scattered or crowded, convexo-gibbous, smooth and polished ; apothecia black, prominently sessile on the squamules, margin thickish, flexuose and incurved ; hypothecium dark-brown; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, minute ; (thallus K—C—.) On trees and palings, rare. 1854. Syn :—Ach. in Liljebl. Sv. Fl. p. 610. (1816.) Nyl. Scand. 213. Z. myrmecina, Fr, L. Ref. 344. Z. Caradocensis, Mudd (non Leight.) Man. 169. Fig :—Ann. and Mag. N. Hist. ser. 3. 14. t. 9. £. 8. 9. 11. Exs :—Mudd 142. Fries 28. Gro. DistR1B :—Sweden, Norway. Bor. Prov :—10. EncLanp :—Farndale! Stogdale! Kildale! Baysdale! Cleveland; York- shire. Mr. Mudd. Paraphyses coherent, apices fuscescent. ‘‘Spores 0.007—8 long, 0.003—4 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘0.006—8 mm. long, 0.003—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) 0015 in. long, by .3075 in. broad. Spermogonia prominent, verru- eeform, black, scattered or confluent. Spermatia ellipsoid or subcylindrical, straight.” (Mudd.) Spores .007 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 14. L. ostreata, (Hffm.) pale-olive, squamulose, squamules tmbri- cate, ascending or sub-erect, reniform, smooth, crenate, margins and under surface albo-granulato-pulverulent ; apothecia black, opake, plane, adnate, slightly glauco-pruinose, margin flexuose; hypo- thecium fuscous; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, minute ; (thallus K—C crimson.) On trees and palings, frequent. 1805. Sry :—Hoffm. D. FI. 2. 163, (1795.) Nyl. Scand. 242. Z. scalaris, Ach, Syn. 52, Mudd Man. 169. Fie :—E. Bot. 1501. Mass. Ric. f. 195. Exs :—Zw. 77. Mudd 141. Anzi It. S. 236. M. & N. 1326. Scher. 467. Leight, 50. Smrft. 134. Geog. DistRiB :— Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Bavaria, E. Lap- land, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—3, 4, 5...10. ENGLAND :--Near Halesworth, Suffolk. Mr. Turner. Eton. Mr. Gotobed. Henham, Suffolk. Mr. Turner. Oggeray Gill! Westerdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Thorndon Hall Park! Essex. Mr. Piggott. Hay Park ! Herefordshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Ursenby! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Hendon; Finchley ; Hampstead; Epping; Totteridge; near Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Keston Common, Penshurst, Sevenoaks, Kent. ni Holmes. Caer Caradoc ! Eastern base of Wrekin ! Haughmond Hill! Shrop- shire. Medulla I—. Excipulum externally dark, internally pale. Paraphyses coherent. ‘Spores 0.011—12 mm. long, 0.0025—0.0035 mm. broad.” (yl. ) **0.010—12 mm. long, 0.0020—35 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘001in. long, by ee (Mudd.) ‘Gel. hym. I blue. Spermatia cylindrical, straight.” . M. Fr. 15. L. mamillaris, (Gouan) white, thick, tartareous, verrucoso- or areolato-sguamulose, areole sub-lobato-plicate, turgid and convex, 246 THE LICHEN-FLORA cancellato-insculpted or rimose; apothecta on the margins of the areole, sessile, black, plane, naked, margin thin, eventually obliterated ; hypothecium nearly black, thick ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-ellipsoid, simple or obscurely bilocular ; (thallus K—C—.) On calcareous rocks, rare. 1791. Syn :—Gouan Montp. 88. (1796.) Nyl. Prodr. 120. Mudd Man. 173. Fic :—Linn. Trans. 1. t. 4. f. 3. _ Exs :—Scher. 575. Mass, 29. Anzi It. S. 245. Geog. DistRiB :—France, Algeria, Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1...8, EncuLanD :—Babbicombe, Devon. Adm. Jones. Upton ! near Torquay, Devon. Dr. Deakin. Dovedale. Mr. Holmes. “Spores .0025 to .003 in long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘4 to 5 times longer than broad.” (Kérb.) ‘‘Spermatia straight, minute, sterigmata nearly simple.” (Wyl.) Spores .011—.014 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 16. LZ. zntumescens, (Flot.) fusco-cinereous or cervino-fuscescent, determinate, sub-sguamoso-plicato-verruculose, areolato-diffract ; apo- thecia black, numerous, crowded, minute, zxnato-appressed, plane, margin thin, prominent, flexuose; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. In insulated patches between the thallus of Lecanora glaucoma on rocks, frequent. 1854. Syn :—L. badia v. intumescens, Flot. Lich. Siles. No. 175. (1829.) NyL Scand, 231. L. insularis, NyL Bot. Not. 1852. p. 177. Mudd Man, 205. Fic ;—Mudd Man. t. 3. f. 76. Exs :—Ny]l. 58. Leight. 161. Mudd174. Rabh. 749. Anzi Langob, 330. ca Distrip :—France, Sweden, Denmark, Lombardy, Austria, West- phalia. Bor, Prov :—5, 6, 7...10...15. Enc Lanp :—Cliffrigg ! Lounsdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Oakham Dingle! near Church Stretton ; Pontesferd Hill! Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. ScoTLaNnD :—Portlethen, Coast of Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Gimlet Rock! Pwlkelli. Fort Hill! near Fishguard. St. David’s! Pembrokeshire. : Paraphyses indistinct with dark-fuscous apices, I pale-blue then dirty-violet. “Spores 0.010—12 mm. long, 0.005—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘*0.010—13 mm. long, 0.005—6 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) ‘.0025—.003 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) .012 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 17. L. lugubris, Smurf. fusco-cinereous, cartilaginous, thickish, squamuloso-areolate, granuloso-concrete, glebuloso-diffract ; apothecia black, opake, superficial, plane, margin thick, entire, hymenium cinerascent ; hypothecium nigro-fuscous; spores 8, colourless, spherical, simple, minutely multi-nucleolate. On sub-alpine rocks, rare. 1856. Syn :—Sommerfelt Suppl. Fl. Lapp. 143. pr. p. (1826.) Nyl.! Obs. Holm. 176. Scand. 232. 293. Lindsay in Micr. Journ. 5.177. Mudd Man. 213. Fie :—Micr. Journ. 5. t. 11, Exs :—Fries L. 8. 351. Mudd 183. Th. M. Fries 19. Crombie 91. Groc. Distr1B :—Sweden, Norway, Finland, Bavaria, Prussia. Bort. Prov :—10...15. ENGLAND :—Old wall, East of Cook’s Monument! Ayton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Cronkley Scar, Yorkshire. Mr. Martindale. ScoTLanD :—West of village of Braemar, co. Aberdeen. Dr. Lindsay. (1856.) Ben Lawers! Mr. Hugh Macmillan. Castleton! Braemar. Adm. Jones. Foot of Ben-y-gloe; Glen Fender; Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Paraphyses slender, distinct, slightly incrassate at the apices, I dirty-yellow. Spores uniseriate in the ascus, “diam. 0.008—9 mm.” (Wzl.) ‘ diam 0.008—9 mm.” (Z. M. Fr.) “00175 in, diam.” (Mudd.) diam. .008—,011 mm, “‘Sper- ‘ OF GREAT BRITAIN. 247 mogonia very minute, pod or subverruceform, slightly prominent, black, sparingly scattered. Spermatia straight, cylindrical, .00075 to .001 in. long by -00012 in. broad.” (Mudd.) 18. JZ. fuliginosa. Tayl. dark-brown or fusco-rufescent, glebuloso- squamulose, pulvinulo-conglomerate ; (K—C—.) hypothallus nigro- fuscous, subbyssoid ; apothecia black, small, solitary or aggregate, plano-convex, margin thin, soon obliterated, internally blackish ; hypothecium brownish-black, thick ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, minute. On rocks, frequent. 1836. Syn :—Tayl.! Fl. Hib. 2, 131. (1836.) Z. confusa, Nyl. Scand. 216, Mudd an, 208. Exs :—Leight, 305. Groc. DistriB :—Sweden, Norway. Bor. Prov :—5...7...15...19...26. EneLanp :—Caer Uaradoc! High Rock ! near Bridgnorth, Shropshire. Scorntanp :—Crianlarich. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Dunkerron; Carig Mountains! co, Kerry. Dr Taylor. (1836.) Glengariff ; Dunmanway! Mr. Carroll. near Kylemore ! Lettermore ! Dough- ruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Between 4 & 5 milestone between Barmouth and Dolgelley ! Rev. T. Salwey, Barmouth ! Cader Idris ! Llyn Geirionydd! Glyder Vach ! Paraphyses pale-yellowish-brown, coherent, apices brownish-black. ‘Spores 0.008—0.010 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘0.007—10 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘‘.002 to .00275 in. long by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) .007 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. AsciI blue. ‘‘Spermatia filiform, arcuate.” (WVyl.) 19. LZ. botryiza, Nyl. cinereo-virescent, squamuloso-pulverulents thin, (K—C—) ; apothecia pale-brown to dark-brown, small, simple, or aggregate, prominent, almost spherical ; hypotheciwm thick, dense brownish-black ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple ; hymencum colourless, pellucid ; paraphyses not discrete, apices colourless ; gelatina hymenea I cerulescent then vinous-red. On alpine rocks, rare. 1871. Syy :—Stirton in Grevillea 2. p. 71. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Ben Voirlich. Dr. Stirton. (1871.) “Spores .008mm. long, .004 mm. broad.” (Stirt.) 20. L. endomelena, Leight. pale cinereo-virescent, opake, gle- bulose, glebule scattered or areolato-diffract, thick, convex, composed of minute, conglomerate, convex, roundish or sub-lobate, subfurfura- ceous sguamules (K pale-yellow C pale-yellow) ; apothecia violet- black, rather large, innato-sessile, at first plane with a thickish mar- gin, afterwards very convex, and immarginate, slightly pruznose, concolorous within ; hypothecium very thick, nigro-fuscous, with a paler-brown enclosed intermediate stratum; spores 8, colourless, small, elongato-ellipsoid, simple. On stone walls, rare. 1874. Syn :—Leight. in Linn. Trans. ser. 2. 1. p. 239. , Fie :—Linn. Trans. l. c. t. 82. f. 18 & 14. Bor. Prov :—7. ; Wates :—Trefriw! near Llanrwst. (1874.) Moel-y-gest near Tremadoc ! A very distinct species. Hymenium palish-blue. I dense-violet. Para- physes coherent, apices fuscescent, Spores ,0115—,0125 mm, long, .0045—.005 mm, broad, 248 THE LICHEN-FLORA * * Thallus scurfy. 1 Hypothectum dark. Sie, dispansa, Nyl. black, thin, furfuraceous, rimulose ; apo- thecia numerous, minute, scattered, sessile, black, plane, margin thin, smooth ; hypothecium thin, nigro-fuscous ; epithecium nigro-fuscous ; hymenium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On water-washed sandstone boulders, in sub-alpine localities, rare. 1854. Syn:—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 86. Nyl. Lapp. or. 186. LZ. expansa, Nyl. in Leight; Exs. 186, Mudd Man. 208. 5 Exs :—Leight. 186. Mudd176. Zw. 426, Geog. DistRr :— Europe. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...19...26...3L EncLanp :—Near Battersby! and near Roseberry! Cleveland, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. near Bewdley, Worcestershire. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Near Cork! Mr. Carroll. Glencorbot ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Cwm Idwal! Glyn Ceiriog ! near Chirk. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Rozel, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Paraphyses distinct, but coherent, apices nigro-fuscous. ‘‘Spores 0.007 — —0.010 long, 0.0035—0.0040 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) ‘.00175 in. long, by .0005 in. broad. Spermatia minute, cylindrical or sub-ellipsoid.” (Jfudd.) Spores .010— .012 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. L. dispansa and L. sylvicola and its varieties approach each other closely, but attention to the characteristic features of their diagnoses will enable an easy and certain recognition. 22, L. demarginata, Nyl. whitish or cinerascent, very thin, subleprose ; apothecia convex, similar in analysis to those of L. ‘dispansa, Nyl. of which it may be a subspecies. On rocks, rare. 1877. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1878. p. 245. Groce. Distr :—Europe, Finland. Bor. Prov :—26. InELAND :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 23. L. sylvicola, (Flot.) cinereous or pale-yellowish-tawny, thin, furfuraceous, rimulose, effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, small, convex, immarginate, solitary or 2-3-connate, colourless within ; hypothecium violaceo-nigricant ; hymenium ceruleo-cinerascent ; epithecitum pale ; paraphyses indistinct ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid, simple ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine, On maritime rocks, rare. Syn :—Flot. Lich. Siles. No. 171. (1829.) Nyl. Lapp. or. 185, Crombie Enum. 9, Exs :—Larbal. 84. Arn. 409. b. Geroc. Distr :—Germany, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Lapland Orient. Bor. Prov :—1...7...26...31. TRELAND ;—Salrock Road! and Kylemore, Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :—St. Peter’s Valley, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Apices of paraphyses pale. ‘‘ Spores 0.007—9 mm. long, 0.0035—0.0045 mm. broad. Spermatia slender, straight.” (Nyl.) ‘‘0.006—8 mm. long, 0.0025—35 mm. broad.” (Z'.M. Fr.)> Spores .010 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Var. infidula, Nyl. whitish or pale-yellowish-tawny ; apothecia nigricant, cinerascent within; hypothecium fuscous ; paraphyses, spores and other characters as in type. On maritime rocks, rare. 6! OF GREAT BRITAIN. 249 Syn:—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 475. Crombie Enum. 69. Grog. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...7...26...31. Encianp :—Buckfastleigh, Devon. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Twelve Pius, Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Abertygwyn Dolgelley! Dr. Holl. near Builth ! CuanneL IsLanDs:—The Warren ! Jersey ; St. Peter’s Valley! J. ersey. Mr, Larbalestier. Var. Hellbomit, Lahm. dark-cinereo-fuscescent ; apothecia black, turgescent, globose, immarginate, scattered colliculose, in con- glomerations resembling the minute fruit of a bramble. On rocks, not common. Syn :—Lahm in Flora 1870, p, 177. Exs :—Arn. 409 a. Grog. Disrris:—Norway, Sweden, Germany. Bor. Prov :—7...10. EneLanD :—Lanbraugh-rigg ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Wares :—Cwm Cywion! ‘Nant Gwynant! Snowdon. Y-Feele-fawr ! near Barmouth. 24. L. paucula, Nyl. albido-cinerascent, thin, furfuraceous, effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecia very black, minute, scattered, convex, immarginate ; hymenium dusky, cinerascent, paraphyses indistinct, apices colourless ; hypothecium thick, fusco-nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple, small. On stones in streams, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 573. Bor. Prov :—26. IpELanD :—Near Kylemore! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier.. (1876.) ‘*Spores .006—7 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinoso- fulvescent.” (Wyl.) Spores .0145 mm. long, .004mm. broad. 25. L.sympathetica, Tayl. pale-brown, sub-determinate, tartareous, thickish, plane, rimuloso-areolate, furfuraceous, (K yellow C yellow); apothecia black, numerous, distinct, small, sub-nnate, ruyose, margin indistinct, rugose; hypothecium thick, black or brownish-black ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct, epithec- ium fuscous. : om On sandstone blocks in maritime localities, rare. 1831. Syn:—Tayl. MS. in herb. Borrer! L. prominuta 8. Borr! E. B. Suppl. 2687. . Hook. Br. Fi. 2. 176. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2687. fig. 1. (2 left hand figs), Hepp Sporen t, 15. f, 130. Exs :—Hepp 130. Arn. 23 & 45. Groce. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...19. ; ENGLAND :—Rye! Mr. Borrer. Wenlock ! Shropshire, Trevanp :—Dunkerron ! Dr, Faylor in herb. Borrer. Wates :—Llandudno! Spores .011 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 26. L. crustulata, (Ach.) pale-brownish or greyish, very thin, tartareous, effuse, slightly rimuloso-areolate, furfuraceous, (K— C—); apothecia very numerous, scattered, sessile, plane, black, margin thin, entire; hypothecium thick, brownish-black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; paraphyses indistinct, apices fuscous. On sandstone rocks, rare. 250 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Lecidea parasema var. crustulata, Ach. Syn. 18, (1817.) L. crustulata, Mudd Man. 209. (1861). Exs :—Mudd 177. Leight. 333. Grog. Distrip ;—Hungary, Germany, Sweden. Bort. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...10...19. ENcLanp :—Larch Bank ! near Ayton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Exeter. Mr. Parfitt, Kelvedon, Essex, Mr, Varenne. Wenlock! Shropshire. (lignicole) Oaksey, Wilts. Mr. Joshua. : TRELAND :—Killcully ! Cork. Mr. Carroll. O’Donoghue’s Prison! Killarney. Dr. Taylor. “Spores 0.014—15 long, 0.007—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores 0.012—18 mm. long, 0.006—7 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘.003—004 in. long, by .00125 —0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) I blue, asci-brown. Spores .0165 mm. long, -008 mm. broad. 27. L. trochodes, Tayl. rust-brown thin, leproso-tartareous, slightly rimose, indeterminate; apothecia black, small, adnate, roundish, uneven, centrally umbonate or tuberculate, margin tumid, uneven; hypothecium thick, black; spores 8, fuscous, elliptico-ob- long, simple, darge ; paraphyses indistinct. On calcareous mountain rocks, rare. 1836. PE ae Fl, Hib. 2. 259, (1836.) Leight. Brit. Graph. p. 13, (1854.) Gre- illea 4. 25. Fie :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. £. 8. Grevillea 4. t. 52. fige. f. g. Grog. D1stRrB :—Europe, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Bor. Prov :—19. IRELAND :—Carig Mountain ! co. Kerry, Dr. Taylor in herb. Borrer, “Spores 0.018—30 mm. long, 0.011—16 'mm. broad. I blue then intensely ® vinous-red. Spermatia cylindrical, straight.” (7. M. Fries Lich." Scand. p. 581.) The large fuscous spores, double the size of those of L. subgyratula, Nyl. keep these plants distinct, .028 mm. long, .016 mm. broad. 28. L. subgyratula, Nyl. blackish, opaque, very thin, subrimose ; apothecia black, gyroso-rugose, minute ; hypothecium blackish ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple, (half the size of those of L. trochodes, Tayl.) ; epithecium brownish ; paraphyses slender, not discrete ; gelatina hymenea I pale-bluish and then tawny-vinous-red. On stones in alpine districts, rare. 1872. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289—300. Grevillea 4. 25, Fie :—Grevillea 4, t. 52. fig. a. b. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp :—Near Summit of Morrone! Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) Looks like Lecanora simplex, but is allied to Lecidea umbonatula, Nyl, “Spores .012—16 mm. long, .008—10 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .016 mm, ‘long, .009—0095 mm. broad. 29. L. subfurva, Nyl. brownish-black or greyish-brown, above minutely furfuraceous and opake, areolato-difract, indeterminate (K—C—) ; apothecia black, sessile, plane, ruguloso-opake, margined, often angulose, brownish within ; epithecium brownish ; hypothe- cium fusco-nigricant, thickish; spores 8, colourless. swbgloboso- ellopsoid, simple ; paraphyses slender, irregular, indistinct, thick- ened, branched and articulate upwards; gelatina hymenea in- tensely-blue with iodine. On micaceous stone-walls. 1870. Syn :_Nyl. in Flora 1872. p. 360. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 2, p. 360, ane Prov var send SCOTLAND :—Glen Fender and Craig Tulloch! Blair Athole, Rev, J. Crombie, (1870.) moran eae OF GREAT BRITAIN. 251 ‘* Externally somewhat resembling L. furvella. but belonging to the section of L. petrosa. Spores .011—12 mm. long, .009 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) Spores -012 -.013 mm, long, .0055—.007 mm. broad. 30. L. ochracea, (Hepp.) ochraceo-fuscescent, thin, furfuraceous, (K—C—) ; apotheciablack or fuscous black, plane, sessile, with a thinner darker polished margin ; hypothecium fulvo-fuscescent, paler upwards ; paraphyses indistinct, apices colourless; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple. On rocks, not common. 1876. Syn :—Hepp Europ. 263. Fic :—Hepp t. 29. f. 263. Exs :—-Hepp 263. Lojka Transylv. 2344. Geog. DistR18:—Germany, Transylvania. Bot. Prov :—26. Irnzvanp :—Near Kylemore and Mweelan! Ballinahinch! Twelve Pins! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Spores .014 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. f. ecrustaca. Ravine near Lough Feagh, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 81. L. pungens, Korb. whitish, furfuraceous, thin, effuse, almost evanescent ; apothecia black, plane, crowded, with a black obtuse mar- gin ; excipulum black, thin ; hypothecium pale-brownish ; paraphyses distinct, apices blackish ; spores 8, colourless, broadly-oblong, simple. On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Korb. Par. 161. (1865, Gxroc. Distris :—Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Coast near Kylemore! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876, ) Spores .016—017 mm. long, .0095 mm. broad. 32. L. picila, (Mass.) dirty-yellowish-white, thin, effuse, furfura- ceous, farinose ; apothecia black, sessile, plane or hemispherical- marginate, eventually obliterate; when wetted transparent-pale- brown ; hypothecium black; paraphyses distinct, coherent, apices pale ; hymenium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-ellipsoid, simple. ‘ On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn:—Mass. Misc. 38. (1856.) Exs :—Arn. 73. Groce. DistR1B :—Germany. Bor. Prov :—26 IRELAND :—Twelve Pins, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Spores .013—.0155 mm. long, .004—005 mm. broad. tt Hypothecium fuscescent. 33. L. advertens, Nyl. olwaceo-nigricant, indeterminate, thin, Surfuraceous, byssoid ; apothecia black, minute, at length sub-convex and immarginate, concolorous within ; hypothecium black or fus- cous-black ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, small; para- physes indistinct ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent with iodine. On calcareous alpine rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 419, Geog. Disrris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...26, 252 THE LICHEN-FLORA WALES ae Aran! Cader Idris. (1866.) Cwm Idwal! Cwm Bochlwyd! Giltar Point! Tenby. IrELanp :—Bridge near Westport ! co. Mayo. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores 0.011—0.014 mm. long, 0.007—0.009 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores -007 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. broad. 34. L. antrophila, Larbal. ochraceo-virescent, thin, effuse, pul- verulento-furfuraceous, (K—C—); apothecia fulvo-rufescent, small, scattered, excessively conver and prominent, sessile, immarginate, a very pale narrow margin only appearing when wetted ; hypothecvum darkly-fulvo-rufescent, thick ; hymenium colourless : paraphyses in- distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, linear, or lineari- oblong, simple, very minute. On the interior of caves, rare. 1877. Syn :—Leight. in Linn. Trans. 2d. ser. 1. 242. Fic :—Linn. Trans. 1. c. t. 33. f. 10 & 11, Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Mweelan ! near Kylemore, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, (1877.) A very remarkable and apparently distinct species. Gelatina hymenea I very- pale-blue. Spores .009 mm. long, .0025 mm, broad. 35. L. polyantha, Tayl. pale-brown, tartareous, thinnish, plane, rimuloso-areolate, furfuraceous, (K yellow C orange-yellow) ; ano- thecia black, small, subinnate or innato-sessile, margin thick and very prominent, entire; hypothecium pale-rufescent ; paraphyses dis- tinct, apices pale, I blue but asci brown ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid or oblong, simple. On sandstone blocks, rare. Syn :—Tayl. MS. in herb, Borrer ! Exs :—Anzi Lich. Ital. Sup. 268. 269, Geog. DistR1s :—Italy. Bor. Prov :—2...7. ENGLAND :—Hurstpierpoint ! Mr. Borrer. Watss :—Festiniog road, Dolgelley ! Very similar generally to L. sympathetica and L. crustulata, but recognizable by different diagnoses. Spores .011—.012 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. 36. L. rusticella, Nyl. ochraceo-whitish, thin, subleprose ; apo- thecia black, opake, conver, immarginate, internally dark ; paraphyses indistinct ; epithecium and hypothecium fuscous or fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, sub-oblong, simple. On micaceo-schistose ferruginous rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1878. p, 246. Bor. Prov :—26. Trevanp :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). ‘Spores .006—9 mm long, .0025—35 mm, broad. Gelatina hymenes I blue then vinoso-fulvescent or vinoso-subrufescent. To be compared with L. rusti- cula, Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 371. from which it differs in the different thallus and smaller spores. It varies with a paler hypothecium.” (Wyl.) ttt Hypothectum colourless. 37. L. limosa, Ach. albido-cinerascent, subleprose, thin, or furfuraceous, effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, scattered or crowded and conglomerate ; opake, naked, convex, subglobose, internally cinerascent, adnate ; hypothectum colourless or slightly-fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, or fusiformi-ellipsoid, simple. On the earth in mountain ranges, rare. 1870. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 253 Syn :—Ach. Syn. 26. (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 221. Crombie En. 75. Fic :—Hepp. t. 57. £. 488. Exs ;—Scher. 195. Hepp 488. Anzi Langob. 183. Arn. 467. Crombie 90. Geog. Distrip :—Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Lapland. Bor. Prov:—15. Scorntanp :-—Ben Lawers; Ben Macdhui; Summit of Cairn Gowar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Paraphyses thickish, numerous, distinct, but coherent, bluish, apices pale. I bluish then dirty-fulvescent. The thallus generally of a loose furfuraceous character, the pale-fulvescent hypothecium, the distinct paraphyses with pale apices, distinguish it from its allies L. assimilata, Nyl. (Fellm. 164. 165. & 166.) and L. alpestris, Smrft. both of which have a distinct granular thallus, and the former has a dark-fuscescent hypothecium, turned nearly black by K, with few indistinct paraphyses, fuliginous at the apices, whilst the latter has a pale-fulvescent hypothecium with distinct paraphyses, fuliginous at the apices, and spores double in length. ‘‘Spores 0.011—18 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.); ‘£0.009—18 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .012—.013 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. 38. L. lutulata, Nyl. yellow-ochraceous, thin, leprose or indis- tinct ; apothecia greenish-black, convex, immarginate, pale within ; hypothecium colourless ; epithecium bluish ; paraphyses not dis- crete ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oviform, simple ; gelatina hymenea bluish and then tawny-wine-red with iodine. On maritime rocks, very rare. 1873. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 297. Bor. Prov :—31. CxanneL Istanps :—Rozel meadow, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. (1873.) The specimen communicated by Mr. Larbalestier does not agree with Dr. _Nylander’s description in Flora, and has gonidia in the pale hypothecium. Spores .009—.010 mm. long, .004—005 mm. broad. 39. L. phyllodisca, Strtn. black, minutely yranulose or scurfy, thin, often scarcely visible ; apothecia black, moderate, often 2-3-aggre- gate, and then undulate, sometimes conglomerate, margin shining, thin, flexuose or sinuose, internally pallido-cinerascent or czeruleo- cinerascent (K purpurascent or rosy); spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid, simple; paraphyses distinct, nigro-clavate or czruleo- nigro-clavate ; hypothectum concolorous vr sometimes darkly (1—4) zonate ; gelatina hymenea I slightly-blue then vinoso-fulvescent or sometimes vinoso-violet ; hymenium and hypothecium purpurascent with nitric acid. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 86. 1875. Scorianp :—Near Killicrankie. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) “Spores .007—.009 mm. long, .0045—.0055 mm. broad. Allied to L. phyllis- cocarpa, Nyl. Beneath the apothecia are often seen curious cushions composed of yellowish granular matter.” (Stirt.) 40. L. chondrodes, Mass. white, thick, amylaceo-tartareous, plicato-rugose, nigrescent, furfuraceaus, (K—C—) ; apothecia wigro- fuscous when dry, subsanguineous and transparent with a dark circumferential ring when wet, foveolato-innate, or adnato-sessile, plane, with a thin nigrescent margin ; hypothecium colourless or slightly-fuscescent, with a narrow fuscous excipulum ; paraphyses conglutinate, apices fuscous; spores 8, colourless, narrowly-ellip- soid, simple, larye, oleoso-guttate. On calcareous rocks, not common, 1876. 254 THE LICHEN-FLORA Sys :—Biatora, Mass. Symm. 39. (1855.) Korb. Par. 8. Exs :—Anzi 246, Arn. 186. 196 b. Grog. DistR1B :—Germany, Italy, Sweden, Norway. Bor. Prov :—1. ENGLAND :—Yatton, Somerset. M7. Joshua. (1876) Gelatina hymenea I pale-blue then reddish-brown. Spores .017—.022 mm. long, .007—.009 mm. broad. Spores double the size of those of L. immersa. 41. L. dilutiuscula, Nyl. similar to LZ. infidula, Nyl. but the apothecia are livid or livid-pale and entirely pale within ; epithecium and hypothecium colourless; paraphyses distinct; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On maritime schistose rocks. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876, p. 308. Bort. Prov :—1...26. ENGLAND :—Devonshire. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Near Renvyle House! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .007—.010 mm. long, .004- 6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .008 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 42. L. chloroticula, Nyl. virescent, very thin, subleprose or scurfy ; apothecia whitish-flesh-colour, plane, very minute, with a whitish mar- gin ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses not well discrete ; spores 8, colourless, acicular, slender, simple. On micaceo-schistose stones in astream, veryrare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 564. Bort. Prov :—26. IreLanp ;—Kylemore! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) Gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. Spores .020—35 mm. long, .001 mm. broad. Spermatia arcuate, .030—40 mm. long, .0008 mm. broad.” (Vyl.) 43. L. orphneilla, Stirt. black, opake, minutely granuloso-fur- Suraceous, continuous ; apothecia black, sessile, plane or somewhat convex, opake, margin somewhat shining, often flecuese or irregularly- lobate, or even lobato-incised, internally pellucid ; hypothecitum colourless ; paraphyses rather thick, not well distinct, generally conglutinate ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or fusiformi-oblong, simple. On rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 166. (1877). ScoTLanD :—Mull. Dr. Stirton. (1877.) ‘Spores ,013—.018 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I ago oon black. Epithecium thick, black, NOs darkly violascent, —.” tint. **% Thallus powdery. 44. L. lucida, Ach. citrine-yellow or virescent, thin, effuse, leproso-pulverulent (K yellow C—); apothecta minute, pale-waxry-yellow, plane or convex, immarginate ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ovoid or narrowly obovate, simple, minute ; gelatina hymenea cerules- cent, then vinous-red with iodine. On shady rocks, and stone walls, common. 1803. Syw : -Ach. Prodr. 39. (1798.) Syn. 48. ae Scand. 195. Mudd Man. 193. Fic :—E. Bot. 1550. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. Feb. 1857. t. 8. f. 10, 11. 12. 13. Mass. Ric. f. 249. Exs :—Zw. 92. Scher. 225. Larbal. 36. Anzi Langob. 123. Geos. Disrris :—Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Silesia, Switzerland, Germany, Lombardy, Russia. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 255 Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7...9...15...19...31. Eneanp :—Woolton, Allerton, &c. near Liverpool. Sir. J. E. Smith. (1803.) Cuckfield, Sussex ; Tunbridge Wells, Mr. Borrer, Oswestry! Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey, Cavley Bridge road, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. near Knightsford Bridge, ‘Worcestershire ; Croesfaen near Monmouth. Dr. Holl. Minehead, Porlock, Ightham, Kent. M7. Holmes. Haughmond Hill! Nesscliffe Hill! Llanymynech ill! Shropshire. ScotnanD :—Blair Athole; Falls of Tummel, Glen Fender, Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Castlebernard Park. Mr. Carroll. Wass :—Garth near Dolgelley. Dr. Holl.4 between Bala and Dolgelley ! Talyllyn Pass! Cader Idris. oo Isuanbs ;—Rozel Manor! Jersey ; Guernsey; Sark. Mr. Larba- tier. ‘Spores .004—7 mm. long, .0015—25 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘Spores -0015 in. long, .0005 in. broad.” (Mfudd.) ‘‘Spores .004—6 mm. long, .0025— -003 mm. broad.” forma theiotea, (Ach.) a state differing from the type merely in its different habitat on earth, mosses, sticks and bark. Syn :—Ach, Syn. 48. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 56. f. 464. Exs :—Zw. 92 B. Hepp 464. Leight. 385. Grog. DisTRis :—Germany. Bort. Prov :—5...7...15. ENGLAND :—High Rock ! Bridgnorth, Shropshire, Scortnanp :—On a putrid trunk near the Falls of 'ummel. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1871.) Wates :—Cader Idris! 45. L. clavulifera, Nyl. cinereo-virescent or subflavovirescent, thin, subdisperso-granulate or subleprose ; apothecia dirty-ochra- ceo-rufous or dirty-testaceo-rufescent or nigricant or black, convex; epithecium and hypothecium pale ; paraphyses indistinct; spores 8, colourtess, oblong or clavate, simple, most minute, .004—6 mm. long, .001 mm. broad; gelatina hymenea I blue then vinoso-ful- vescent. On roots of trees, rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 294, forma subviridans, Nyl. subvirescent ; gonidia small, glomeruloso- connate. On rocks, rare. 1869. Syn :—Ny]l. in Flora 1877. p. 463. Bor. Prov :—26. IrneLanp:—Kylemore, Glencorbot, Doughruagh, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1869. ) «eke Thallus granulate. t Hypothecium colourless. 46. LZ. prominula, Bory. pale-tawny-brown, determinate, some- what tartareous, thin, minutely granulate, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia black, numerous, crowded but distinct, small, sessile, plane, opake, margin obtuse, entire, slightly flexuose and polished, internally grey or pale-brownish ; excipulum nigro-fuscous, lateral only ; hypothectum colourless ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, sumple. ‘ On flints, not common, 256 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syw :—a. Borrer! in E. Bot. Suppl. 2687. (1831.) Hook. Br. Fl. 2, 175. Mudd Man. 203. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2687. fig. 1. (2 right hand figs). Exs :—Arn. 4116. Richardson 150. Groce. Distrre :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, Pie aes :—Sussex Downs! Mr. Borrer. Exmouth; Haldon, Devon. Af. arfitt. “Spores .00275—.008 in. long, by .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .0115— -014 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. Paraphyses pale, distinct, thickish, apices nigro-fuscous. I pale-vinous-red. 47. L. parissima, Nyl. cinereo-virescent, thin, granulose, effuse ; apothecia black, innato-sessile, numerous, minute, scattered, simple or congregate, plano-convex, internally pale, margin obliterated ; hypothecium pale or merely a thin brown line; paraphyses distinct ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or fusiformi-oblong, simple, minute ; gelatina hymenea vinous-yellow with iodine. On old palings, rare. 1870. Syn :—Nyl. in litt. 1870. Cromb, in Linn. Journ. 11, 484, Grog. DistrrB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—3...5. ENGLAND :—Golder’s Green, Hendon ! Middlesex. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (May, 1870.) Boreatton ! Shropshire. Mr. W. Phillips. Sutton ! Whitchurch ! ** Allied to LZ. denigrata, Fr. but differing in reaction. Spermatia oblongo- cylindrical. Spores .007—.011 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad.” (Cromb.) Spores .011 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. An indistinct or obsolete septum is often visible and the hymenium is slightly cinerascent with K. 48. L. jlearwosa, (Fries.) virescent or viridi-cinerascent, yranulose, effuse, thin (Ky or—C red); apothecia black, plane, scattered, sessile, margin thin, flexuose, hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple, minute ; gelatina hymenea dilutely cerules- -cent, then slightly fulvo-rubescent. On old pines, wood, rails, &c., frequent. Syn :—Fries L. E. 268. Nyl. Scand. 197, Mudd Man. 197. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 56. f. 486. Exs :—Nyl. 53. Hepp 486. Anzi Langob. 63. Crombie 80. Groce. DistR1B :—France, Switzerland, Bavaria, Lombardy, Sweden, Scandi- navia, Central Lapland. Bor. Prov :—7...10...15. Encianp :—Lounsdale; Kildale, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Hendon, Middle- sex. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ScotLanD :—Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wats :—Chirk Castle Park ! Denbighshire. ‘‘Spermatia very slender, cylindrical, straight. Spores .0015 to .002 in. long, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores0.007—8 mm. long, 0.0035—45 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores 0.007—9 mm. long, 0.0030—45 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Paraphyses indistinct, apices brownish. forma eruginosa, (Borr.) granules of thallus dissolved into dark-verdigris-green powder, and forming a rimoso-diffract crust (K yellow Cred). On decaying rails and trees, notcommon. 1831. Syn :—Borrerin E. Bot Suppl. 2682. (1831.) Mudd Man. 197. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2682, Exs :—Leight. 406. Geroc. DistR1B :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—1, 2...5...8...10 ..20. ExGuLanp :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. (1831.) Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Ayton Moor! Stogdale! Baysdale! Cleveland. M7. Mudd. near Treflach Hall ! OF GREAT BRITAIN. 257 Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. J, Salway. Dunsferd, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Broms-” grove Lickey, Warwickshire ; near Shrewsbury! Worfield ! Shropshire. ' Inenanp :—Glanmire! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Spores .0095 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 49. L. conglomerata, Fr. pale-green or greyish-green, granulose, thin, effuse, (K—C—); apothecia minute, very numerous, solitary or conglomerate, convex, pale-brown or reddish-brown, immarginate ; hypothecium colourless, only slightly yellowish- brown in the. lower.portion; spores 8, colourless, narrow, cylindrical or oblongo-cylindrical, simple. On trees, not common. Syn :—Fries 8. V. 8. p. 112. (1846.) Mudd Man. 194. Exs :—Leight, 151. Groce. DistR1s :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...8. ENGLAND :—Gopsall ! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blowam. Shanklin! Isle of Wight, Rev. TZ. Salwey. “Spores .003 in, long, by .0075 in. broad. Spermogonia of same colour as, and immersed in thallodal granules, Spermatia cylindrico-acicular, curved.” (Mudd) Paraphyses distinct, but conglutinate, apices colourless. Spores -016 mm. long, .0025 mm. broad. I turns the apices of the paraphyses yel- lowish-brown, but has no effect on the hymenium. * 50. LZ. ochrococca, Nyl. lutescenti-ochraceous, granulose, effuse, granules small, contiguous or sub-dispersed, firm, (K—C—) ; apothecta rufous or rufescent, plane, margin obtuse or indistinct, whitish within; hypothecium pale; spores 8, colourless, oblongo- fusiform, simple, small ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea I cerulescent then vinous-red, especially] the asci and apices of the paraphyses. On pine trees, rare. 1861. ‘ce :—Nyl. in Ofvers. V. Ak. Fork. 1860. p. 297 ; Scand. 206. Mudd Man. Gzoc, Distrrp :-—Norway. Bor. Prov :—15. Scorianp :—Glenfalloch ! Mr. Carroll. Inverouran, Adm. Jones. (1861). ‘Spores 0.007—9 mm. long, 0.003—0.0035 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores -0015—.002 in. long, .0005 in. broad.” (Mudd) Spores very variable in size :006—.011 mm. long, 0025.—004 mm. broad. 51. L. spododes, Nyl. greenish-yellow, thin, granulate, some what evanescent, (K—C—); apothecia cinerous or sordid-pale, small, convex, immarginate ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, oblong, simple; gelatina hymenea blue then vinous-red with iodine, On old pales, rare. 1869. Syn :—Crombie in Seem. Journ, Bot. 7. p. 233. (1869.) Enum. 70. Linn. Journ. 11. p. 484. Groc. Distrrp :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—2, 3...5. ENGLAND :—Near Lyndhurst! in New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869.) Shere! Surrey. Dr. Capron. Gaer Ditches ! : Watss :—Near Dolgelley ! Closely allied to ZL. denigrata, Fr. and probably a sub-species, though exter- nally distinct. ‘‘ Spores .010—.014. mm. long, ,0025—.0040 mm. broad, with K slightly or spuriously 3-septate.” (Crombie l. c.) 52. L. micrococca, Korb. dark-briyht-green, effuse, minutely granu- lose, (K—C—) ; apothecia ‘minute, ‘carneo-lutescent, innato-sessile, Ss 258 THE LICHEN-FLORA “convex, immarginate ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses indis- tinct, conglutinate, apices pale; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, minute; gelatina hymenea I vinous or fulvescent. On old holly stumps, rare. 1875. Syw :—Korber Par. 155. (1865.) Exs :—Zw. 416. Korb. 250. Rabh. 733. Arn. 279. Grog. DistrrB :—Germany. Bor. Prov :—26: TreLanp :—Lough Inagh! Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) Spores .012 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad. 53. ZL. decolorans, Flk. whitish or glauco-cinerascent, thin, incrusting, effuse, minutely granulose and leprose or pulverulent, or more largely granuloso-verrucose and smooth (K yellow C red); apothecia very variable in colour, form and size, brick-reddish, cinereo-carneous, livido-fuscous, pallido-fuscescent, nigricant or fuscous-black, scattered or conglomerate, appressed, plane, and with a flecuose entire margin, or convex and immarginate, whitish within ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct. On the earth in hilly and sub-alpine localities, common. 1793. The size of the thalline granules, and the colour of the apothecia are very variable, apparently resulting from locality and climatal influence. The chemi- cal reaction (K yellow C red) might lead us to connect this with Z. coarctata, ee, &c., and perhaps they are all forms or states of one and the same chen. . Syn :—Flk. in Berl. Mag. 1809. p. 193. Ach. Syn. 37. Nyl. Scand. 197. L. quadricolor, Dicks. Br. Cr. 3, p. 15. Mudd Man. 197. Fig :—E. Bot. 1185. Exs :—Leight. 352. Scher. 213. Mudd 165. Geog. Distr :—Hungary, Switzerland, Brazils, Sweden, Russia. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11...15...19, 20...22, 23...26...30. EneuanD :---Lound near Yarmouth. Mr. Turner, Eggleston, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Cliffrigg! Baysdale! Stogdale! Guisbro’ Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. near Penzance. Mr. Curnow. St. Paul’s Cray, Ightham, Kent. Mr. Howse. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Epping Forest ; near Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Dartmoor. Mr. Holmes. Stiperstones Hill! Ness- cliffe Hill ! Shropshire. a Mountains. Mr. Dickson. (1798.) Braemar. Rev. J. M. rombie. IneLanp :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. co. Wicklow. Dr. Moore. Doneraile Mountains, co. Cork. Afr. Carroll. Dublin Mountains. Adm. Jones. Delphi! Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. WaA_Es :—Llyn Gwernan ! ‘Spores 0.009—0.016 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad. Gel. hym. I slightly blue then slightly red.” (Wzul.) ‘‘Spores 0.008—16 mm. long, 0.004—7 mm. broad. Gel. hym. pale-blue then violet or slightly fulvo-rubescent.” (7. M. Fr.) “Spores .003—.0035 in. long, .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .0115—.013 mm. long, .005—.006 mm. broad. forma escharoides, (Ehrh.) granulose, (K y C red); apothecia confluent, difformed, convex, immarginate, fuscous or nigricant. On peaty earth, frequent. Syn :—Ehrh. Exs. 313. Ach. Prod. 77. L.U. 167. Mudd Man. 197. Fic :—E. Bot. 1247. mo eee 730. Anzi Langob. 170. Anzi Ital. Sup. 247. M. & N. 531, eight. 59, Grog. DisTR :—Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Sweden, Germany. Bor. Prov :-—5, . ENGLAND :—Stiperstones Hill! Arcoll Hill! Lawrence Hill! Shropshire. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 259 forma aporetica, Kbr. granules of thallus delequescing into a leproso-pulverulent, condition, (K y C red); apothecia varying in colour as in the type, margined or immarginate. On peaty earth, frequent. Not to be confounded with L. gelatinosa, (Flk.) which it externally resembles. Syn :—Korber Syst. 193. (1855.) Exs :—Mudd 166. Tuck. 45. Scher. 214. Crombie 81. Grog. DistR1B :—Switzerland. N. America. Bor. Prov :—2...5...10. Encianp :—Cliffrigg! Mr. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Craigforda! near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7’. Salwey. Arcoll Hill! Long Mynd! Shropshire. forma saxatilis, Larbal. W. side of Lough Much, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 54. L. vernalis, (L.) Ach. whitish or albido-cinerascent, very thin, unequal or sub-granuloso-unequal or evanescent, (K —C—); apothecia rufous or palliedo-rufous, adnate, moderate, scattered or crowded, convex, immarginate, palish within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoideo-oblong, simple; paraphyses indistinct; epithecium colourless. On mosses, frequent. Syn :—Linn. Syst. Nat. 3. p. 284. (1768.) Ach. Meth. 68. Syn. 36. Nyl. Scand. 200. Lapp. Or. 145. Exs :—Fellm. 153. Tuck. 44. M. & N. 845. Geoa. Distrip :—Scandinavia, Sweden, E, Lapland, Hungary, North America, N. Zealand, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...15...31. ENGLAND :—Berrow! Malvern. Mr. Lees. Common in Shropshire ! ScoTLaND :—Ben Lawers; Bennaboord. Rev. J. M. Crombie. CHANNEL IsLaNDs ;—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores 0.0183—25 mm. long, 0.005—7 mm. broad. Spores 0.011-- 23 mm. long, 0.005—7 mm. broad. Gelatinea hymena I pale-blue then vinous-red.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores 0.010—20 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .014—.0145 mm. long. .0045—.005 mm. broad. forma minor, Nyl. apothecia much less in size (about one- fourth) than those of the type. On trees, probably common. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. Not. Sallsk. p. F. et Fl. F. Forh. xiii p. 335. Lapp. Or. 145 T. M. Fr. Lich. Scand. 428. Exs :—Fellm. (sine num.) Arn. 417. Geog. Distrip :—H. Lapland, N, Zealand, Switzerland. Bor. PRov :—5..7. Ene Lanp :—Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire (1871.) Wates :—Near Dolgelley ! (1866.) ‘Spores 0.009—15 mm. long, 0.004—5 mm. broad.” (Myl.) forma subduplex, Nyl. similar to the type, but with a few uni- septate spores mixed with the more numerous simple ones. On mosses, &c. 1870. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 201. (1861.) Lapp. Or. 145. Crombie En. 68. Gzoc. DistriB :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15...26. Scortanp :—Central Counties. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) IrELAND :—Opposite Leenane, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘© Spores 0.011—17 mm. long, 0.0045—0.0055 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 55. L. atrofusca, (Hepp) whitish or glauco-cinercous, leproso-granu- lose, indeterminate ; apothecia luteo-fuscous or black, adnate, plane or concave, margin thickish, prominent, darker, shining, eventually 260 THE LICHEN-FLORA convex, sub-immarginate ; hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, minute, ellipsoid, simple. On moss, possibly frequent. 1877. Syn :—Hepp Eur. 268. Biatora vernalis, Korb. 8. L. 202. Par. 148. Fie :—Hepp Sporen. t. 30 f. 268. Exs :—Arn. 546. Anzi Langob. 180. Zw. 384 Hepp 268. Geog. DistRis :—Switzerland, Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—South side of Kylemore Lake. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 56. L. accesitans, Nyl. whitish, nearly smooth, dispersed or evane- scent ; apothecia testaceous or testaceo-brownish, convex, immarginate, whitish within ; epithecium and hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea I bluish, then vinous-reddish. On micaceous schist, rare. 1876. Srv :—Nyl. in Flora 1876 p. 306, Flora 1877 p. 463. Bot. Prov :—26, ase :—Renvyle; Doughruagh, Connemara, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .009—-.012 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Spermogonia with arcuate thin spermatia .014—19 mm. long, .0005 mm. broad. Apparently belonging to the section of L. vernalis.” (Nyl, ) 57. L. cestivalis, Ohl. yellowish-green, granular, evanescent, in- crusting mosses; apothecia brown, small, immarginate, with light- grey pruina ; hymenium and hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple, ,015—16 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad ; gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. On mosses, &c. 1876. Syn :—Ohlert Lich. Preussen p. 16. (1870.) Gxoc, DisTRB :—Prussia. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Killery Bay, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Allied to LZ. metamorphea, Nyl. but differing in the simple spores and the firm (not soft peziza-like consistence) structure of the apothecia. Consociated with and somewhat resembling L. vernalis (L.) 58. LZ. dubia, Borr. pallido-virescent, thin, effuse, minutely granuloso-pulverulent, rimulose, (K yellow C orange red) ; apothecia black, moderate, scattered, or confluent, sub-immersed or sub-ses- sile, plano-convex, margin soon obliterated, carulescent within ; hypothecium nearly colourless, or very slightly fuscescent in the lower part, lateral excipulum bluish-black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; paraphyses distinct, apices bluish-black ; gelatina hymenea intense-blue with iodine. On old palings, not common. 1813, Syn :—Borrer in E. Bot. 2547, (1813.) Fic :—E. Bot. 2547, Geog, Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5. EncGLanD :—Norfolk and around London. Mr. Borrer, 1813.) Overton ! near Ludlow, Shropshire. Rev, T. Salwey. Essex! Mr, Piggott. Pophills, Warwick- shire. Rev. W. S. Rufford. Shere! Dr. Capron. Pevensey road, Eastbourne, Mr. Roper. Pembridge! Herefordshire. Pontesbury! Haughmond Hill! Shrop- shire. Spores .0135 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. 59. LL. turgidula, Fr. whitish, very thin, effuse, minutely granu- OF GREAT BRITAIN. 261 loso- or leproso-pulverulent, often evanescent ; apothecia fusco-nigricant or fusco-rufescent, slightly ccesiopruinose, small, plane, or convex, immarginate, solitary or congregate, sub-innato-sessile ; hypothectum yellowtsh-pale-brown ; paraphyses indistinct, apices brownish ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or ellipsoideo-oblong, simple, small ; gelatina hymenea intense blue then violet with iodine. On pine trees and old wood, not common. Syn ;—Fr. Sched. Crit. 1. p. 10, (1824.) Nyl. Scand. 201. Mudd Man. 201. Exs:—Fries 25. Nyl. 142. Mudd 171. Anzi Venet. 74, It. S, 273. Crombie 83. Rabh. 809. Arn. 277. itd Distr :—Sweden, France, Italy, Arctic America, Scandinavia, E. apland. oT. Prov :—2...5, 6...10...15. ENGLAND :—Baysdale ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie, Shropshire ! ScotLanp :—Killin and Lochaber. Pass of Killiecrankie, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wats :—Builth ! ‘Spores .0015—.002 in. long, 0.005—.00075 in. broad.” (Mudd). ‘Spores 0.006—12 mm. long, 0.003—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘‘Spores 0,007—0.012 mm. long, 0.0035—0.0055 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .007—.008 mm. long, -0035—.004 mm. broad. Var. pithyophila, (Smrft.) cinerascent, very thin, or evanescent ; apothecia crowded minute, convex, rugulose, immarginate, inter- nally fuscous. On old fir pales. 1872. Syn :—Smrft. Lapp. 154 (1826.) Crombie in Journ. Bot. u. s, 2. 134, Grog. Distris :—E. Lapland. Bor. Prov :—15. ie :—Glen Fender, Blair Athole and Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 72. “ From this L. endopella, Leight. Lich. Fl. 301 differs chiefly in the hymeneal gelatine being of a beautiful blue colour with iodine.” (Crombie J. c.) Var. endopella, (Leight.) evanescent ; apothecia black, numerous, crowded, plano-depressed, margin obliterated, internally pallido- fuscous ; hypothecitum pallido-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, very minute, ellipsoid, simple, with 2 rather large nucled. On old fir palings, rare. 1870. Exs :—Crombie 84. ScotuanD :—Blair Athole! Rev. J. M. Crombie. This comes very near to Scher. 529, but in that the spores are larger, and linear-oblong, without nuclei; nevertheless both may be only states of the same lichen. Spores .009—.0095 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad. 60. L. prasina, (Fries) dull-green or yellowish-green, minutely granuloso-pulverulent, effuse; apothecia minute, hemispherical, livid-brown or nigricant, immarginate ; hypothecium pale-yellowish- brown ; paraphyses conglutinate, apices pale ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On trees towards the bases, not uncommon. Syn :—Micarea prasina, Fr. S. O. V, 257. (1825.) Mudd Man. 196. Exs :—Mudd 164. Zw. 9, Geog. DistR1B :—Switzerland, Germany, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—5...10. Encianp :—Hoggarts Wood ! Ingleby, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. Castle Hill Plantation ! near Acton Scott, Shropshire. “Spores .002—,0025 in, long, .001 in, broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores 0.007—10 262 THE LICHEN-FLORA mm. long, 0.003—5 mm. broad. Gel. hym. I blue then vinous-red. Spermatia shortly acicular, straight, 0.008—10 mm. long.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .01 mm. long, 004 mm. broad. ; 61. LZ. quernea, (Dicks.) yellowish or pale-fusco-flavescent, minutely granuloso-pulverulent, effuse, thin, (K yellow C orange- red) ; apothecia fuscous or fusco-rubescent, moderate, scattered, swb- immersed, plano-convex, immarginate, concolorous within ; hypothe- cium pale-yellow; paraphyses slender, fulvescent, apices reddish- brown ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent with iodine. On aged oaks and sycamore, not unfrequent. 1785. oo oe Br. Crypt. 19. (1785.) Ach. Syn. 36. Nyl. Scand. 196. Mudd an. 192. Fic :—E. Bot. 485. Dicks. Br. Cr. t. 2. f. 3. Mudd Man, t. 3. fig. 75. Exs :—Hepp 494. Scher. 582. Nyl. 134. Welw. Lusit. 53. Anzi Etr. 49. Leight. 61. Larbal. 37. Mass. 311. Bohl. 84. Grog. Distris :—France, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Denmark. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...9, 10, 11...19...31. EncLanp :—Norfolk. Mr. Dickson, (1785.) Easby Wood! Guisbro’ Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. between Thirsk and Woodend! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Middleton! near Oswestry, Shropshire ; Wood opposite the Lodge, Hereford- shire! Rev. 7. Salwey. Newcastle, Northumberland. Newton Cap Wood near Bishop Auckland, Durham. Jr. Winch. Haldon and Stoke Wood, Devon. Air. Parfitt. near Worcester ; near Malvern ; Fairlight near Hastings ; Kings Kers- well, S. Devon. Dr. Holl. Kelvedon ! Easthorpe, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Pophills, Warwickshire. Rev. W. S. Rufford. Rosall near Exhall. Mr. Purton. Bedford- shire. Rev. C. Abbot. Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Relhan. New Forest, very abun- dant. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Guestling, Sussex. Rev. E. WN. Bloomsield. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Edenbridge, Wrotham, Wye, Bogey, Seven Oaks. Kent. Mr. Holmes. (on sycamore) Parkgate ! Cheshire, Nesscliffe Hill! Haugh- a Hill! Bayston Hill! Sutton! near Shrewsbury, Wrekin! Llanyblodwel rocks ! IRELAND :—Butler’s town river! Castlebernard. Bandon, and in Lord Kin- mare’s Deer Park, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Rozel ; St, John’s ; Jersey! Afr. Larbalestier. Guernsey. Rev. T. Saluey. “Spores .0025 in. long, by .00125—.0015 in. broad.” (Mudd). ‘Spores 0.007—11 mm. long, 0.005—7 mm. broad. Gel. hym. and especially the asci I blue, then vinoso-fulvescent.” (7. Mf. Fr.) ‘Spores 0.008—0.012 mm. long, 0.005 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .01 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. 62. L. viridescens, (Schrad.) pallido-virescent, thin, diffuse, minutely granuloso-pulverulent, (K yellow C crimson red); apothecia fuscous-black, moderate, scattered, or confluent, sessile or sub-im- mersed, more or less convex, margined when young, subsequently sub- immarginate, obscure or palish-brown within; hypothecium pale-brown ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea ceerulescent with iodine. On old stumps and pales, not common. Syw :—Schrad. Spicil. 88. (1794.) Ach. Syn. 36. Nyl. Scand. 206, Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 84. f. 731. Exs :—Hepp 731. Anzi Langob. 176. Geoc. DistRIB :—Germany, Hungary, Lombardy, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5. ENGLAND :—New Forest; and near Exeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. near Shrewsbury ! Spores .011 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 63. L. sanguinaria, (L.) whitish or cinerascent, moderate or thickish, sub-tartareous, granuloso-unequal or granuloso-concrescent, (K yellow ('—) ; apothecia black, conver, immarginate, greyish OF GREAT BRITAIN. 263 within, medulla of thallus underneath vermillion-red ; hypothecium thin, pale-yellowish ; spores 1, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, very large, minutely granulose, epispore broad ; paraphyses indistinct, apices thick, bluish-black ; asci and epispore blue with iodine, On trees and rocks, frequent. Pug ao Sp. Plant. No. 4. (1753,) Ach, Syn. 19. Nyl, Scand, 246. Mudd an, 213. Fic :—E. Bot, 155. Hffm. Pl. L. t. 41. f. 1. Hepp Sporen t. 56. £. 483, Exs :—Fellm, 204. Hepp 483. M. & N. 842. Boies. 231. Mudd 184. Anzi It, S, 263. Leight. 307. Crombie 94, Reich. & Schub. 52. see Distris ;—Scandinavia, E, Lapland, Sweden, Switzerland, Pyrenees, Ly. Bor, Prov :—2...5...7, 8...10, 11, 12...14, 15...19...23. ENGLAND :—Cromford Moor near Matlock. Sir J. E. Smith. Carlton Bank ; Baysdale; Kildale, Ingleby Park! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Hay Park ! Here- fordshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Cumberland! Mrs. Stanger. Brimham Rocks near Ripon. Mr, Brunton. Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harri- man. Hedgehope and Cheviot, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Murton Crags, Northumberland. Dr. G. Johnston, Black Edge near Buxton. Dr, Holl. Craig- forda ! Shropshire. Soortand ee Vinean ! eye Dunkeld! Dr. Lindsay, Bal- muto, Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. Killin; Crianlarich. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Lough Bay near Dublin. Mr. Templeton. Turk Mountain, Kil- larney. Mr, Carroll. Wates:—Cader Idris. Dr, Holl. Llyn Bodlyn. Mr. Holmes, Barmouth ! Cwm Bochlwyd! ‘Spores .015—.018 in. long, .007—.008 in. broad. Spermogonia very minute, black, punctiform, immersed. Spermatia cylindrical, straight.” (Mudd.) * Spores 0.070—100 mm. long, 0.028—40 mm. broad. Spermatia shortly acicu- lar, straight, 0.008—10 mm. long.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘Spores 0.070—0.0100 mm. long, 0.028—38 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .021—.0235 mm. long, .01—.011 mm broad. Epispore .002 mm. broad. Spermatia .006 mm. long, .001 mm. broad. There is frequently an uniform sanguineous stratum below the gonidia in the thallus, which state is f. plethorica, Norm. Spec. loc. nat, 117, polyerythrina, Nyl. in hb. Fenn, Var. afinis, (Scher.) differs from the type chiefly in the absence of the sanguineous stratum and in having only one large colour- less spore. On mosses, in alpine localities, rare. Syn :—Scher. Enum. 132. Nyl. Scand. 246. Exs :—Scher. 629. Zw. 336 A. Geog. Distr :—Scandinavia. Bot. Prov :—15. ScoTttanp :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Spores .06 mm. long, .038 mm. broad. Epispore .003 mm. Var. melina (Krphb.) differs from the type in the absence of the sanguineous stratum, but has two colourless spores. On bark, rare. 1871. Syn :—Kremplb. in Nyl. Nov. Gran. 2. p. 72. (1864.) Nyl. Lapp. Or. 166. Z, didymospora, Stirton in Trans. Glasg. Nat. and in Grevillea 2.60, T. M. Fr, Lich. Scand. 480. ; , Geoc. DistRip :—Nova Granada, Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLaND :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton. (1871.) _ . “ Spores 0.057—77 mm. long, 0,034—48 mm. broad. Spores 0.052—64 mm. long, 0.034—44 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores 0.051—68 mm. long, 0.028—44 mm. broad. (7. M. Fr.) ~ 64. ZL. enteroleuca, Ach. albido-virescent, crustaceous, granulose, areolato-rimulose, sub-furfuraceous, or evanescent, (K yellow C—) ; 264 THE LICHEN-FLORA apothecia black, numerous, crowded, small, sessile, plane or plano- convex, margin thin, smooth, paler, ‘eventually obliterated ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, broadly-oblong, sim- ple, with 2 nuclei. On rocks and stone walls, frequent. : Syn :—Ach. L. U. 177. 810.) Syn. 19. NyL Scand. 217, Mudd Man. 201. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 3. f. 6, Exs :—Leight. 330. Zw. ie "14. Scher. 531. Mudd 172. Hepp 6. 129. Anzi Venet. 76. Nyl. 57. Grog. DISTRIB: Pee Gemianys Italy, France, Pyrenees, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10 3L EneLanp:—Near Battersby ! in ‘Mudd. Lianforda! near Oswestry ; Pen- zance! Rev. T. Salwey. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon ; Copford, Essex. Mr. Varenne. St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. Tong Priory Walls ! Leebotwood ! Haughmond Hill! Brown Clee Hill! Llanforda! Grinshill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Loughcooter, Galway. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Bloxam. Barmouth! Holyhead ! Moel-y-gest ! CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier “Spores 0.010—15 long, 0.006—9 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores (0135—.015 mm. long, .0085—.01 mm. broad. Paraphyses distinct, apices fuscous or blackish, I blue. Excipulum externally laterally slightly nigricant. 65. L. minuta, (Scheer.) greenish-whitish or cream-coloured, very thin, granulate, indeterminate or obsolete, (K—-C—); apothecia minute, numerous, scattered, adnate, plane, pallido-testaceous, red- dish or nearly black when old, and then convex and immarginate ; -hypothecium pale ; paraphyses indistinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical or oblong, simple, minute; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. On trees, not common. 1854. Syy :—Scher. Spicil. 170. ae sna pee Mudd Man. 195, Nyl. Lapp. Or. 145. Biatora sylvana, Korb. 8. L. G. 2 Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 4. f. 17. £. and t. oe. 487. Exs :—Hepp 17. 487. 733. Arn. 47. 416. Mudd 163. Leight. 298. Geroc. Distr ae Sweden, Norway, Bavaria, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5... 10. ENGLAND :—Airy mie Wood! Hoggarts Wood, Ingleby, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1854.) New Forest; Isle of Wight. Rev. J. M. Crombie, near Malvern. Dr. Holl. Braxted, Essex. ‘Mr. Varenne. ScoTLanp :—(f. saxicola) Kincardine. Rev. J. M, Crombie. «Spores .0025—.003 in. long, .U0075 in. broad.” (Mudd). ‘Spores 0.009— 15 mm. long, 0.003—4 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) ‘‘ Spores 0.007— 0.011 mm. na mm. broad.” (WVyl.) Spores .011—.0135 mm. long, .004—5 mm. road, Var. sarcopsioides, (Mass.) dirty-white or sub-virescent, granu- lose, effuse ; apothecia dark-violet, globulose, ccesto-pruinose, On old posts, &c., rate. Syn :—Mass. Ric. 128, (1852.) Arn. in Flora 1863. p. 330, Crombie En, 69. Fic :—Mass. Ric. fig. 252. Exs :—Anzi Venet. 61. 62. Geog. Distrip :—Italy. Bor. Prov :—2...10. gon :_Shanklin ; Lyndhurst; Rev. J. M. Crombie. Cleveland. Mr. Us . «Spores .0061 mm. long, .00122 mm. broad.” (Mass.) Spores .008—.01 mm. long, .003—,0035 mm. broad. 66. L. tenebricosa, (Ach.) greenish-white or cream-coloured, very thin, granulate, indeterminate or obsolete, (K—C—) ; apothe- cia fuscous or rufo-fuscous, minute, scattered, plane, margined ; OF GREAT BRITAIN. 265 hypothecium pale; paraphyses distinct, thickish, apices incrassate, fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical or oblong, simple, minute ; gelatina hymenea I blue. On trees, not common. Syn:—Ach. L. U. 382. Nyl, Scand. 201. Lapp. Or. 145. Exs :—Leight. 326. Anzi Ven. 27. Grog. Distris :—Scandinavia, E. Lapland. Bor. Prov :—10. EneianD :—Cleveland! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. “Spores 0.010—18 mm. long, 0.004—5 mm. broad—or spores 0.008—0.015 mm. long, 0.0040—0.0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 67. L. aphana, Nyl. grey, thin, swb-verrucoso or subgranuloso- unequal, indeterminate ; apothecia black, rather small, slightly convex, immarginate, albicant within ; hypothectum colourless or sometimes slightly violaceo-fuscescent in the lower portion ; epithecium violaceo-fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, simple, minute ; thalamium vaguely violaceo-fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent with iodine. On maritime rocks, rare. 1865. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1867. p. 327. Crombie En. 84. Grog. Distris:—Europe. Bor. Prov :—24, IrELAND :—Near Kilkee! co. Ciare. Mr. Carroll. (1865.) Externally comparable with L. sylvicola, but quite distinct. ‘‘ Spores 0.008— 0.011 mm. long, 0.0035—0.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 68. ZL. aphanoides, Nyl. darkly-olivaceo-cinerascent, thin, sub- verrucoso or sub-granuloso-unequal, indeterminate or sub-evanescent ; apothecia black, smallish, slightly convex, immarginate, naked, whitish within ; hypothectwm colourless or slightly-rubricoso-rufes- cent in lower portion ; epithecium cceerulescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thalamiwm ccerulescent ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea czerulescent, then violaceo-rubescent with iodine. On calcareous mountain rocks, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl, in Flora 1868.) p. 476. Crombie En. 84. Grog. DistRrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Craig Guie,! Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1868.) Approaching L. aphana, Nyl. but with a differently colored thalamium and smaller spores, &c. ‘‘ Spores 0.009 - 0.013 mm. long, 0.045—0.0055 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 69. ZL. miésella, Nyl. luteo-virescent, thin, effuse, minutely unequally granulose, almost furfuraceous ; apothecia livido-fuscous, fuscous or nigrofuscous, somewhat greenish when wet, minute, scat- tered or numerous, subinnato-sessile, convex, immarginate ; hypo- thecium colourless ; hymenium pallido-nigrescent, or pale-violet, like pale ink; spores 8, colourless, minute, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct, epithecium colourless; I pale-blue then slightly-vinous. On putrid fir pales, rare. 1870. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. p. 202 1861.) Nyl. Lapp. Or. p. 177 (1866.) Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 2. p. 134. ZL. melanochroza, Leight. Lich. Fl. 2d. ed. p. 267. Crombie in Seem, Journ. 11. 178. (1871.) Geroc. Distrip :— Finland, Bor. Prov :—15, 266 THE LICHEN-FLORA Scornanp :—Near Loch Tummel, Perthshire! Rev. J. HM. Crombie. (1870.) ‘*Spores 0,007—9 mm. long, 0.0030—0.0035 broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .01— 012 mm. long, .004—.0045 broad. . 70. L. confusula, Nyl. olive-grey or bright-brownish-grey, thin- nish, granulate, or granulato-conglomerate, glomerules dispersed ; apothecia black, adnate, convex, immarginate, white within ; epithecium yellowish-brown ; Aypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, somewhat small; paraphyses slender, indistinct, but distinct with K. On micaceous old stone walls. 1871. Syn :—Nylander in Flora 1872. p. 360. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Craig Tulloch. Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie, (1871.) ** Spores 0.007—11 mm. long, 0.0040—45 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) 71. ZL. sporadiza, Strn. yellow or greenish-yellow, granulose, or granuloso-verrucose, granules often conglomerate and pulverulent, (K yellow C orange-red) ; apothecia black, sessile, small or moderate, plane, rugose, margined, internally cinerascent; hhypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indis- tinct, few ; gelatina hymenea I untinged. On old wood. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 33. (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Near Grantown, Inverness. Dy. Stirton. (1874.) Allied to L. neglecta. (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores .006—7 mm. long, .004—45 mm. broad.” (Strn.) 72. L. epimarta, Nyl. whitish, minutely-depresso-granulate, scat- tered, (K yellow) ; apothecia fuscous, subobconical, somewhat plane on upper part, immarginate, generally suffused with a ferruginous- ochraceous colour, internally dusky-pale-ochrey ; spores 8, colour- less, oblong, minute ; thalamium somewhat ochrey; paraphyses slender, few ; hypothecium thick, solid, nearly colourless or dilutely-ochraceous, On the earth in alpine mountains, (1876.) Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 226. ScorLanD :—Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “A small but singular species approaching Lecidea uliginosa. Spores .006—9 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad. Thecze clavate, thick and solid in the upper part. Gelatina hymenea I blue then luteo-fulvescent, especially the thece. Apothecia somewhat crowded, prominent, tuberculiform, or plane above, narrow below, their lamina thin, somewhat ochraceous, but ochraceo- fuscescent in the upper pone The epithecial granulations on the addition of K are changed into raphides, a peculiar characteristic of this species.” (yl.) 73. L. callicarpa, Larbal. pale-albido-sulphureous, pulverulento- granulate, effuse, (K—C—reddish) ; apothecia pallido-carneous, minute, clustered or scattered, convex, somewhat pruinose, immargi- nate, (K—C reddish), hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses co- herent, apices colourless ; spores not seen. On damp perpendicular rocks, very rare. 1877. Bor. Prov :—26. TrELAND :—Glencorbot near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 74. L. rufofusea, Anzi. albo-lutescent or albo-fuscescent, thickish, crowded into a verruculoso-granulose crust; hypothallus white , apothecia rufofuscous or atro-purpureous, plane, sessile, with an —— OF GREAT BRITAIN. 267 elevated concolorous margin, at length convex and immarginate ; hymenium fuscous upwards ; paraphyses conglutinate ; hypothecium yellowish ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo-oblong, simple, On trees, rare. 1877. Syn :—Anzi Catal. Sondr. p. 76. (1860.) Geog, Distr1B :—Italy. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Twelve Pins, Kylemore, Galway, Mr. Larbalestier, (1877.) tt Hypothecium dark, 75. L. sangwineo-atra, (Ach. pr. p.) cinerascent or virescenti- cinerascent, granulose, thin or sub-continuous or obsolete ‘ apothecia sanguineous-black, or fuscous-black or fusco-rufescent, moderate, convex, immarginate, fusco-nigricant within ; hymenium paler or pallescent ; hypothecium thick, fuscous ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid or oblong, simple. On mosses, trees and earth, in sub-alpine localities, not frequent, Syn :—Ach. Meth. 50. (1803.) Nyl. Prodr. 106. Scand. 199. Mudd Man. 198, Exs :—Nyl. 52. Arn. 229. Anzi Langob. 181. Grog. Disrris :—Scandinavia, Sweden, France, Pyrenees, Switzerland, Bavaria, Lombardy, Algeria, Arctic America, Great Bear Lake, Bort. Prov :—5...7...10...15...19...30. Eneianp :—Broughton Bank and Hoggarts Wood, Ingleby, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Downton Castle Woods. Shropshire ! ScorLanbD :—Ben Lawers! Rev. Churchill Babington. Glen Falloch. Dr. Holl. InetanD :— Deer Park, Belfast. Dr. Dickie. near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. WaALtEs :—Cader Idris. Dr. Holl. Drwsynant ! “ Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red or violet. Spores 0.010—19 long, 0.005—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) “ Gelatina hymenea I commonly distinctly and intensely red, but sometimes at first blue then dark-violet. Spores 0.010 -31 mm. long, and 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) “Spores .0025 to .003 in. long by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) T, M. Fries (Lich. Scand. .436) says this lichen and its varieties are notably distinguished by czrulescent or violet granules amongst the paraphyses, not found in any other lichen not even in its allies, Z. Berengaria and L. albofuscescens, but these do not occur in the specimens above cited. Can our British plant then be referable to ZL. albo- fuscescens since the thallus is thickish’granulose and with K gives a pale dirty yellow ? 76. L. valentior, Nyl. cinereous or subvirescent, thin, continuous, rimose ; apothecia fuscous, immarginate, somewhat plane or convex, often obtusely submarginate, and margin pallescent ; hypothecium dark-fuscous; hymenium pale-fuscescent ; paraphyses distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large. On decomposed rocks, rare. 1876, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 229. . Bor. Prov :—26. TretanpD :—Lough Inagh! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) ; “Probably a subspecies of L. sangwineo-atra, from which it scarcely differs except in the constantly larger spores .012—17 mm. long, .006—8 mm’ broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .0155 mm. long, .0065 mm. broad. 77. L. fusca, (Scher.) viridulo-cinerascent, disperso-granulate, thin, evanescent ; apothecra fuscescent or nigricant, opake, adnate, at first plane with a thin elevated margin, then convex and im- marginate ; hypothecium luteo-fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ob- long or fusiformi-oblong, simple ; paraphyses distinct, filiform, On dead mosses, in mountainous regions, rare. 268 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Scher. Enum. 140, (1850.) Fr. Arct, 195. Nyl Lapp. Or. 143. Geoc. DrsTRIB :—France, Switzerland, E. Lapland, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—7...15. ScotLtanD :—Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones and Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Near Dolgelley ! “Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. Spores 0.010—14 mm. long, 0.0045—0.0055 broad.” (Wyl.) ‘0.010—15 mm. long, 0.004 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Dark-coloured granules irregular in form are intermixed with the paraphyses, in all the specimens in my herbarium cited as above. Spores .014—.016 mm. long, .005 mm, broad. 78. L. mestula, Nyl. darkly-cinerascent, thin, depresso-subgranu- late or eyanescent (K—-C—) ; apothecia black, minute, crowded, plane or convex, immarginate, colourless within; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses indistinct; epitheciwm colourless ; hypothecium entirely fusco-obscurate ; gelatina hymenea slightly-blue then vinous-red with iodine. On palings &c. rare. 1868. ‘Sry :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 344. Crombie En. 69, Exs :—Crombie 85. Geog. DistTRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2. ENGLAND :—Near Lyndhurst in New Forest ! Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1868.) Approaching LZ. myriocorpoides, Nyl. ; L.dispansa, Nyl.; and L. turgidula, Fr. ‘‘ Spores 0.007—8 mm. long, 0.0025--0.0035 mm. broad. Spermatia oblong 0.0040—0.0045 mm. long, 0.0015 mm. broad. Sterigmata short.” (WVy/l.) 79. L. submestula, Nyl. cinerascent, minutely subverrucos:- granulose or subdispersed ; apothecia black, conver, immarginate, often 2 or more connate, internally concolorous; hypothecium thick, nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses indistinct, apices subsmaragdulo- nigrescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, gelatina hymenea I blue then vinoso-fulvescent. On dry sand-rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 235. Bot. Prov :—26. sey :—Road to Westport five miles from Kylemore! Mr. Larhalestier. se Spores -006—.010 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .011 mm. long. .0045 mm. broad. 80. L. parasema, (Ach.) whitish or cinerous or greenish-yellow, sub-determinate, often nigro-limitate, thin, smooth or granulose or verrucoso-granulose, (K yellow C orange-reddish) ; apothecia black, small, plane or sub-convex, margin thin, smooth, at length obliterated ; hypothecium fuscescent, lateral excipulum pale or bluish ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, with one or two nuclei. On various trees, old palings, occasionally on rocks and walls, frequent. Syy :—Ach. L. U. 275. in part (1810.) Nyl. Scand. 216. Fic :—E. Bot. 1450. in part. Groce. Distr1B :—Europe, Sweden, France, Switzerland, Hungary, Italy, Germany, Pyrenees, Portugal. ENGLAND :—Common. ScoTLanD :—Common. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Common. Mr. Carroll, Wates :—Common, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 269 CuanneL IsLAnps :— Common on all the Islands, Mr. Larbalestier. This species, growing on trees, varies greatly in the characters of its thallus, being continuous and smooth (Smrft. 48, Leight. 328. Anzi It. Sup. 279. Hepp 127.) Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Shropshire ! Barmouth !; minutely granulate (Mudd 169. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 43) near Ayton! Mr. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer ; minutely horizontally corrugate (Anzi It, Sup. 276. b. 277c. Leight. 327) Ulting and Hatfield! Mr. Piggott. Barmouth!; continuous, but breaking up into detaching flakes (Hepp 3. Zw. 350. Anzi Langob. 187. Ital. Sup. 275. 278.) Fermoy ! Castlebernard! Cork! Mr. Carroll. Sharpstones!; Shelton! Weir Coppice! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire! convexo-areolate, subfurfuraceous, (Hepp 725. Smrft, 46. 47. 129. Anzi Venet. 75. Ital. Sup. 281) Glen Nevis! Dr. Lindsay. Sharpstones! Montford Bridge! Shropshire ; Leprose, (Reich. and Schub. 53. ane tr. 30.) Cork! Mr. Carroll. Alberbury! Abdon! Sutton Spa! Shrop- shire, The characteristics in all forms are the chemical reactions (K yellow C orange-reddish); the fuscescent hypothecium with a pale or bluish lateral excipulum ; and the nucleolate spores. Var. tabescens, (Kérb.) cinereo-virescent or yellowish-green, thin, effuse, somewhat shining, subrimulose (K yellow C orange- red); apothecia livdo-fuscous, adnate or subinnate, tumid and convex, difformed, margin obscure, soon obliterated. On beech. not common. 1856. Syn :—Korb. Syst, 203. (1855.) Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 61. £. 525, Exs :—Hepp 525. Leight. 329. Grog. DistRiB :—Switzerland, Germany. Bort. Prov :—7. Wates :—Barmouth ! (1856.) Var. flavens, Nyl. simular to the type, but with a yellowish thal- lus and apothecia internally whitish, and hypotheotum nearly colourless, (K yellow C orange-red). On trees, rare. 1869. ‘¢Latet sub el@ochroma, Ach. (ex. hb. Ach.) aqua etiam parum diversa.” (Wyl.) Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 217. (1861.) Crombie En. 77. Grog. Disrris :—Scandinavia. Bot. Prov :—5...7...15. Ene@.anp :—Brampton Brian Park! Stannor Hill! Herefordshire. Sharp- stones ! Shropshire. ScorLaNp :—On spruce fir near Abergeldie Castle! Braemar and in Breadal- bane. Rev. J. M. Crombie. WALES :—Dolgelley ! Var. elceochroma, Ach. greenish-yellow or yellow or dirty and dark-greytsh-green, effuse or nigro-limitate, granulose or granuloso- furfuraceous and cracked, (K yellow C orange-reddish) ; apothecia black, small, numerous, plane or convex, margin thin, afterwards obliterated. On trees, frequent. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 275. 1810.) Syn. 18. Nyl. Scand. 217. Fie :—E. Bot. 1450, in part. Exs :—Leight. 126. Mudd 170. Nyl. 140. Zw. 128. Bohl. 45. Maudon 4. M, & N. 746. Anzi It. Sup, 274. Arn. 230 Hepp 128. Gzog. Disrris :—France, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Germany. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7, 8...10...15, 16...19, 20...31. EncLianD :—Ayton. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Twycross! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blocam. near Worcester! M7. Lees. Tetsworth! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Lyston 3 Witham! Feering; Baddow, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Red Hill! Alberbury ! Shelton ! Sharpstones Hill! Llanymynech ! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Glen Nevis! Dr. Lindsay. Long Island, Prof. Balfour. 9 270 THE LICHEN-FLORA IRELAND :—Fermoy! My. Chandler, Castlebernard! Bandon; Blarney! Glanmire! Cork! Mr. Carroll. WALEs :—Woods! common. Llanbedrog! Capel Curig! Barmouth ! CHANNEL IsLANDs :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. ecrustacea, thallus nearly or quite evanescent. On old palings, probably frequent. 1858. Exs :—Leight. 308. Geog. DistR1B :—Hungary, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...7. ENcuanD :—Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. ‘Wates :—Aberdovey ! Var. latypea, Ach. whitish or sub-cinereous or almost evanescent, effuse, unequal, granulato-arreolate, (K yellow C orange-red) ; apothecia black, sessile. On rocks, not common. Syn :—Ach. Meth. Suppl 10. (1803.) Syn. 14. Nyl. Scand. 217. Grog. Distris :—Norway, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—15...19...26...30. ScorLanD :—Ben. Lawers. Adm. Jones. Coast of Kincardine. Rev. J. J. TrELanp :—Brandon Mountain. Mr. Carroll. co. Down. Adm. Jones. Letter- frack. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. monticola, (Ach.) similar to the type, but with evanescent thallus, apothecia and spores smaller. On stones, rare. 1864. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 670. 1810.) Z. parasema var. nitidula, Nyl. Scand. 217. Grog, Distarp :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Ben. Lawers. Messrs. Carroll (1864.) and Holl. forma latypiza, Nyl. subcinereous, effuse, granulose ; apothecia black, sessile. On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. Pyr. or. p. 201. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Kylemore. co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) 81. ZL. protrusa, Fr. pale-sulphur-colour, effuse, thickish, crusta- ceous, verrucoso-granulose, rugulose, areolato-rimose, (K yellow C orange-red) ; apothecia black, numerous, moderate, congregated, confluent, innato-sessile, plane, at length convex, margin thin, smooth, entire, often flexuose, eventually obliterated ; hypothectum rufo-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, simple. On alpine and subalpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Fries L. Ref. 324. (1831.) Mudd Man. 207, L. scabra, Tayl! Fl. Hib. 2,121. L. glomerulosa, Nyl. Fic :—Mass. Rie. fig. 150. Exs :—Scher. 578. Zw. 12. Groce. Distrip : Switzerland, Germany, Italy, France. Bor. Prov :—1...6, 7...15, 16...26...31. ENGLAND :—Near Torquay ! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Lanorma Cave! Cornwall. Mr. Borrer. ScotLanD :—Isle of Skye! Mr. Borrer. TreLanp :—Glengariff! Mr. Carroll. Dawros river! near Rynvyle, Conne- mara! Glencorbot! Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es :—Barmouth and Dolgelley. Mr. Holmes. South Stacks! Holyhead. Trefriw! Manorbeer! near Tenby. Gimlet Rock! Pwllheli. Maenorowen! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 271 CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Fort Essex! Alderney. Mr. Larbalestier. «Spores .0025—.003 in. long, by .00125 to .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd). Spores -0115—,014 mm. long, .007—.008 mm. broad, 82. L. viridans, Fw. pale-sulphur-colour, effuse, thin, minutely granulose, (K yellow C orange-red) ; apothecia black, moderate, tinnato-sessile, more or less’ duskely-vrido-pruinose, plane, at length convex, margin thin, smooth, entire; hypothectum pale-fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, simple. On subalpine rocks, frequent. 1875. Syn :—Flotow in Flora 1828. p. 697. Krbr. 8. L. G. 242. Par. 213. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 84. f. 726. Exs :—Zw, 203. Hepp 726. and 133. left hand specimen. Anzi Langob. 155. Leight. 331. Grog. Distris :—Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...7. EncianpD ;—Lyth Hill! Shropshire. Wats :—Y Fegle Fawr near Barmouth ! (1875.) The apothecia, when moistened, apDeaT paler and transparent, owing to the pale Benoa surrounded by a dark ring, “‘ humectatis disco liyalino.” Flot. l.c. Spores 14—2 longer than broad. forma nigrita, Leight. similar to the type, but dark and nigri- cant, from the predominating black hypothallus. On subalpine rocks, frequent. 1856. Bor. Prov :—5. EneLanp :—Cowcombe! Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire (1856.) 83. LZ. enterochlora, Tayl. pale-sulphur-colour, effuse, thin, closely appressed, smooth, rimulose, eventually breaking up into a sorediate state, (K yellow C orange-red) ; apothecia black, moderate, innato-sessile, plane, at length convex, margin thin, smooth, entire, often flexuose, eventually obliterated ; hypothectum rufo-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, simple. On subalpine and maritime rocks, frequent, Syn :—Tayl! in herb. Borrer. L. subviridans, Nyl. Exs :—Leight. 299. Zw. 238. Grog. Distr1B :—Sweden, Germany, Italy. Bot. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...10, 11...19, 20 ..26. Encuanp :—Cliffrig! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Durham! Mr. Robertson. Stony Valley, Torquay, Devon! Dr. Deakin. Grinshill! Shropshire. A IReLanp :—Derriquin! Dr. Taylor. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Ruins at Cleghan near Kylemore, Lettermore! and Lough Teagh! Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Barmouth! Y Fegle Fawr! near Barmouth. between Fishguard and Llanachar ! Pembrokeshire. This and the two preceding species may be possibly only states of one and the same lichen. Spores .013—.014 mm. long, .0075 mm. broad. 84. L. sublatypea, Leight. whitish or albido-cinerascent, tartareous, sub-areolato-granulose, or unequally granulose, more or less dis- persed, (K—C) ; apothecia migro-fuscous, numerous, scattered, sessile, concave, margin thickish, prominent, elevated, somewhat polished ; hypotheciwm mgro-fuscous; hymenium and epithecium dark-bluish-black ; paraphyses crowded, indistinct ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple, small. On alpine rocks, rare. 1870. Exs ;—Crombie 88. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe. 272 THE LICHEN-FLORA Bor. Prov :—15. aoeee :—Craig Tulloch! and Glen Fender! Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. i Externally somewhat resembling some state of Z. parasema var. latypea, (K yellow C orange-reddish) but differing in chemical reaction and other characters. Certainly not identical with L. vorticosa, (Flk.) as stated by T. M. Fries L. Scand. p. 515. if that species be correctly represented by Anzi Langob. 353 and Rabh. 771. Spores .011—.0125 mm. long, .0045—.005 mm. broad. 85. L. rusticula, Nyl. albido-glaucescent, granulate, granules sub-conglomerate, depresso-convex, sub-crenate, smooth, (K yellow, C yellow) ; apothecia minute, somewhat concave, black, margin obtuse, entire, eventually obliterated ; hypothecitum fuscous; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses indistinct; gelatina hymenea deep-blue, afterwards dirty-lutescent with iodine. On quartzose rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—NylL in Flora 1866. p. 371. Leight. Not. Lich. No. xv. Grog. DisTRIB :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—7...26. Wates :—Giant’s Pebbles! Cader Idris. TRELAND :—Salrock Road! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. **Spores 0.010—15 mm. long, 0.005—8 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) Spores .014. mm. long, .0065 mm. broad. 86. L. furvella, Nyl. nigro-fuscous, effuse, obliterato-syuamu- lose, granuloso-furfuraceous, diffracto-areolate, (K—C red) ; apothecia small, scattered, appressed; plane, black, rugulose, margin thin, smooth, flexuose ; epithecium nigricant ; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses indistinct, conglutinate, spores 8, colourless, oblong or ovate, simple. On micaceous-schistose alpine rocks, rare. 1861. Syn :—Mudd Man. 207. (1861.) Crombie Enum. 84. Ny]. Flora 1866 p. 418. Grog. DistRIB :—Sweden, Norway, Finland. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones. near base of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. Glen Calleter ; foot of Ben-y-gloe ; Glen Fender! Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘*Spores .009—011 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .003 in, long, by .001—.00125 in. broad.” (Mudd). The thallus has a good deal the appearance of that of Pannaria nigra and is composed of minute spherical brown granules containing gonidia, on a thickish-brown hypothallus. Gel. hym. IT lutescent, Spores .016 mm. long, .009 mm. broad. 87. L. furvula, Nyl. nigro-fuscous, effuse, obliterato-squamulose, granuloso-furfuraceous, continuous, (K—C red) ; apothecia scattered, sessile, plane, black, margin thin, sub-flexwose ; epithecium coerulescent ; hypothecium black; paraphyses indistinct; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On schistose alpine rocks, very rare. 1864. Syw :— Nylander in Flora (1866.) p. 418. Crombie Enum. 84. Grog, Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers! Messrs. Carroll (1864.) and Holl. «Spores 0.012—17 mm. long, 0.006—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Thallus similar in structure to the preceding: Are not this and the preceding states only uf one and the same lichen? 1, hym. I lutescent. Spores .012—.014 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 88. L. alpestris (Sramrf.) cinerascent, thin, granulate or granu- lato-sub-areolate or sub-evanescent, hypothallus whitish, (K faint yellow or —C —) ; apothecia black, convex, moderate, immarginate, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 273 subconglomerate, concolorous within ; epithecium and thalamium sordidly cerulescent ; hypothecium fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-ellipsoid or oblong, simple; paraphyses scarcely distinct ; gelatina hymenea ceerulescent, then fulvescent with iodine. On the earth in alpine places, rare. 1864. Srw :—Sommerfelt Lapp. 155. (1826.) Nyl. Lapp. Or. 158, Crombie Enum. 79. Exs :—Fellm. 164. Gzoc. Distrrs :—E. Lapland, Norway, Sweden, Finland. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Summit of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. (1864.) Ben Macdhui; Braedalbane and Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. : “Spores 0.011—16 mm. long, 0.004—5 mm, vat » (Nyl.) ‘Spores 0.014- 25 mm. long, 0.003—4 mm. broad.” (Z. M. 8.) 89. ZL. cuprea, Smrft. white, fee eee diffract, granules sublobate, contiguous, (K— or slightly yellow C—); apothecia rufo-ochraceous, or fusco-rufous, hemispherical, tmmar- ginate, often botryoso-conglomerate ; hAypothecuum pale-luteo- Suscescent ; paraphyses distinct, fulvescent ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-oblong, simple; gelatina hymeneaI slightly cerulescent, then vinous-red. On the earth in alpine regions, rare. Syn :—Smmrf. Lapp. 165. (1826.) Nyl. Scand. 199. Lapp. Or. 144. T. M. Fr. Scand. 426. Exs: —Fellm. 152. Groce. Distrrs —Sweden, HE. Lapland, Norway. Bor. Prov :—15. Pik raids :-Summit of Ben Lawers and above Loch-na-Cat. Rev. J. M. porn “Spores 0.009—0.016 mm. long, 0.004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores 0.010—22 mm. long, 0.003—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .016 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Var. cupreiformis, EH. Nyl. thin, egranulose; apothecia rufo- fuscous. On the earth in alpine regions, rare. 1868. Syn :—LZ. vernalis var. cupreiformis, E. Nyl. Al. Lafv. p, 90. Nyl. Lapp. Or. 144. Crombie En, 68. Grog. Distrip :—E. Lapland. Bor. Prov :—15. ScornanD :—Loch-na-Cat. Adm. Jones. (1868.) Var. lecanodes Nyl. apothecia spuria lecanoroidea, Ben Lawers (1871). Dr. Stirton. Grenvillea 2.71. 90. ZL. Berengertana, (Mass.) white, squamuloso-granulate, squamules lobulate, concrescent into a continuous crust, (K— or slightly yellow C—) ; apothecia thin fusco-nigricant, at first plane with a thin obtuse margin, then plano or depresso-convex, and timmar- ginate ; hypothecium thick, fuscous; paraphyses conglutinate, in- distinct ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoideo-oblong, simple ; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. On the earth in alpine regions, rare. oe :—Biatora, Mass, Ric. 128, (1852.) Nyl. Lapp. Or, 144, T. M. Fr. Scand. Fra :—Mass. Ric. tig. 254. Exs :—Fellm. 162. Arn. 439. Grog. Distris :—E. Lapland, Norway, Sweden, Finland. Bot. Prov :—15. 274 THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorLanpD :—Ben. Lawers. Mr. Carroll. s ‘is “Spores 0.010—0.018 mm. long, 0.0045—0.0065 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores 0.009—16 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .012—.015 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 91. L. arctica, Smrf. albido- or fuscescenti-cinerascent, effuse, granulose or granuloso-verrucose, granules small, papilloso-sub- globose, (K faint-yellow C orange-red); apothecia small, black, slightly ccesio-pruinose, convex, immarginate, within obscurely cinerascent ; hypothecium fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid or oblong, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea slightly ceerulescent with iodine. On alpine mosses, rare. 1860. BT :_Smmrf. Lapp. 156. 1826.) Nyl. Scand. 220. Mudd 200. T. M. Fries Scand. 540. Exs :—Zw. 11. Th. M. Fries 20. Fellm. 163. Rabh. 734. 881. Smrft. 49. Groc. Disrrip:—Greenland, Finmark, E. Lapland, Finland, Russia, Sweden, Norway. Bor. Prov :—15. Scottanp :—Ben Lawers Messrs. Jones & Carroll, (1860.) Braedalbane and Braemar; summits of Lochnagar and Ben Macdhui, Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores 0.018—18 mm. long, 0.0065—0.0075 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘ Spores 0.013—18 mm. long, 0.006—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) “Spores .003— 004 in. long, .001—.0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .015—0175 mm. long, -0065—.0075 mm. broad. 92. L. uliginosa, (Schrad.) fuscous or fusco-nigricant, minutely granulose, sub-leprose, effuse, (K—- C—) ; apothecia fuscous-black or black, plane or sub-convex, scattered or confluent, darkish within, margin entire evanescent ; hypothecium fuscous ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea reddish-brown with iodine. On moist or turfy earth, common. 1799. Syn :—Schrad. Spicil. 88. (1794.) Ach. Syn. 25. NyL Scand. 198. Mudd 197. Fic :—E. Bot. 1466. Hepp Sporen t. 16. f. 132. Exs :—Hepp 132. Mudd 167. M. & N. 747. Scher. 162. 163. Fellm. 150. Anzi It. S. 249. Leight. 120. Crombie 82. i oon DistErs ;—Sweden, E. Lapland, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, ly. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5—10, 11...15, 16...9—30)...3L Enctanp :—Near Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. 1799.) Surrey. Mr. Borrer. Kil- dale Moor ! Baysdale Moor! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Prestwick Carr; Cheviot, Northumberland; Redbeugh and Eglestone, Durham. Mr. Winch. near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Warley Common; Mile-end near Colchester, Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest; Epping Forest; Hampstead Heath. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Reigate Heath. Mr. W. Joshua. Dartford, Brent, Ightham, Joydens wood, Bexley, Canterbury, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Mynydd-y-Myfyr! Caer Caradoc ! Pontesford Hill! Wrekin Hill ! Laurence Hilt Skcloshce ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers! Sir W. J. Hooker. Hill of Ardo; Trossachs; Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Not uncommon. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores 0.008—0.017 mm. long, 0.004—8 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores 0.008—17 mm. long, 0.004—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) ‘Spores 10—14 i long, twice as long as broad.” (Hepp.) ‘‘Spores .003 in. long, by ne in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .014—.015 mm. long, . road. forma fuliginea, (Ach.) only differs in the habitat on old stumps and wood, and is rarer. 007—.008 mm. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 275 Syn :—Ach. Syn. 35. Mudd Man. 198. Exs :—M. & N. 1149. Anzi Langob. 175. Arn. 649. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...8...10. Encianp :—Sussex. Adm. Jones. Bilsdale; Kildale and near Ayton, York- shire. Mr. Mudd. Gopsall ! Leicestershire. Rev. 4. Bloxam. Kelvedon ; Bocking, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Cabalin Lodge, Reigate. Mr. W. Joshua. Wrekin! Shropshire. Tretanp :—Near Letterfrack. Mr. Larbalestier. Cuannet Istanps :—Near St. Aubins, Jersey! Mv. Larbalestier. Var. humosa, Leight. cervino-lutescent, sub-squamuloso-granulate, granules convex, coarse, more or less dispersed, (K— C—) ; apo- thecia concave, margined, at length convex, immarginate. On earth and peat walls, rare. 1869. Syw :—Crombie En. 67. Ach. Syn. 26. Exs :—Reich. & Schub. 28. Leight. 354. Groce. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...15. EneLanp :—New Forest, Hants. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Stiperstones Hill! Shropshire. Scoruanp :—Kincardine ! Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen, Rev. J. M. Crombie. WALES :—Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. (1869.) 93, L. Mooreana, Carr. greyish-white or cream-coloured, thin, tartareous, granuloso-verruculose, rugulose, effuse, (K yellow then reddish) ; apothecia black, large, solitary or congregated, sessile, plane, somewhat scabrous, margin thin, entire, flexuose ; hypotheciwm thin, dark-brown ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong or ovate, simple. On sub-alpine trap rocks, rare. 1859. Syn :—Carroll Lich. Hib. 7. (1859,) Mudd Man, 207. Gzod. Disrrrp :—Ireland. Bor. Prov :—80. IRELAND :—Crowglen ! near Belfast. Dr. Moore. “‘Paraphyses very slender, flexuose, mixed with much mucoso-gelatinous inatter. Spores .0035—.004 in. long by .0015 in. broad.” (Afudd.) 94. L. mesotropiza, Nyl. white, verrucose, moderate, (K yellow) ; apothecia black, sometimes slightly pruinose, convex, immarginate, bluish-grey within ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; epithe- cium dark-greenish-blue; paraphyses not well discrete ; gelatina hymenea bluish, thecz violet-coloured with iodine. On schistose stones. 1872. Sy :—Nylander in Flora 1873. p. 17—23. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLaNnD :—Old wall on the hill of Ardo near Aberdeen, very sparingly. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) 4 “From ZL. mesotropoides, Nyl. its nearest ally, it differs amongst other characters by the verrucose thallus and bluish epithecium. Spores 0.011—12 mm. long, 0.007 mm, broad.” (Vy) 95. DL. asema, Nyl. white, thin, unequal, sub-dispersed ; apothecia Wack or livid-black, margined, often subplicate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; epithecium glaucescent; hypothectwm reddish ; gelatina hymenea bluish, then tawny-wine-coloured with iodine. On sandstone rocks. 1871. Syn :—Nylander in Flora 1872, p. 356. Bor. Prov :—8l. 276 THE LICHEN-FLORA CHANNEL IsLANDs :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. (1871.) 3 “ Allied to L. sublatypea, Leight. which differs in having black apothecia, a darker hypothecium and smaller spores, Spores 0.013—16 mm. long, 0.006—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 96. L. callista, Strn. fuscous-black, granulose, granules dis- persed or conglomerate; apothecia black, ca@sio-pruinose, small, sessile, crowded, often contiguous, margin prominent — im- fleced ; hypothecium fuscous-black, thin; spores 8, colourless, elongato-ellipsoid or cylindrical, simple, small ; paraphyses rather indistinct, thickish, apices clavate, fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea I intensely-blue, almost black. On alpine granitic rocks, rare. 1874. Syn :—-Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 34. (1874.) ScoTLanp :—Near Grantown, Inverness. Dr. Stirton. (1874.) “Spores 0.012—014 mm. long, .003 mm. broad.” (Stirton.) 97. L. neglecta, Nyl. albido-cinereous, thin, granulose, granules subconfluent, subdeterminate ; apothecia black, minute, super- ficial, opake, somewhat plane, margin obtuse or at length evanes- cent, internally almost concolorous or cinereo-nigrescent ; spores 8, colourless, fusiformi-oblong or oblong; paraphyses moderate ; hypothectum fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea I— or lutescent. Amongst mosses in alpine places, rare. . Syn:—Nyl. in Sallsk. pro F. et Fl. F. Notis. 4. (n. ser. 1.) p. 233, Lich. Scand. p. 244. - Exs :—Arn. 601. Groce. Distr1IB :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. Scottanp :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 98. L. pedatula, Nyl. whitish, granulose, thin, (K yellow) ; apothecia black, minute, somewhat convex, immarginate, stpitate ; hypothecium stipitiform, rufescent ; hymenium cerulescent, epithe- cium darker ; gelatina hymenea I slightly blue ; spores not seen. On rocks, veryrare. 1876. Syn :—NylL in Flora 1876. p. 236. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) “The attenuate stipes of the apothecium often exceeds the capitulum in height. Probably near DL. neglecta.” (Nyl.) 99. L. livescens, Leight. white, granulose or granulato-verrucose ; granules scattered and dispersed, (K— C pale-reddish) ; hypothallus very black and predominating ; apothecia scattered, arising from the hypothallus, subinnate or innato-sessile, round or angulari-dif- formed, concave, the disk or epithecium of a pale-grey-livid ap- pearance, surrounded with a thick, prominent, black, entire or flexuose margin; bypothecium nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses thick, apices brown; spores 8, colourless, linear-oblong, simple, very minute. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn : -Leighton in Grevillea 4, p. 78. Bor. Prov :—26, TreLanp :—Doughruagh Mountain ! Galway, Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) Spores .007 mm. long, .003 mm, broad. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 277 100. ZL. aniptiza, Strtn. nigro-cinereous or nigro-virescent, graniulose, thin ; apothecia black, small, prominent, convex, immar- ginate, papillose (as wt were glomerate}, internally entirely cinerascent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo-cylindrical, simple ; paraphyses irregular indistinct ; gelatina hymenea I bright- blue; thalamium K slightly but distinctly purpurascent. On decorticated wood, rare. 1875. Syy :—Stirton in Trans, Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 86. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—15. SoornanD :—Near Killiecrankie. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) “ Spores .0075—.011 mm. long, .0025—.003 mm. broad. The paraphyses are rendered distinct by K when “they are seen, as slender, irregular, and occa- sionally branching filaments. Gonidia often conglomerate.” (Strtn.) 101. ZL. relicta, Strtn. negro-cinereous, rugose, almost granulose ; apothecia black, small, adnate, plane, obtusely marginate, at length convex immarginate and rugose; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; paraphyses few, slender, distinct, pellucid, apices clavate, fuscous ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; gelatina hymenea I slightly blue then vinous-red. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syw :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 89. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Blair Athole. Dr, Stirton. (1875.) “Spores .009—.013 mm. long, .005—.006 mm. broad.” (Sértn.) 102. LZ. metococca, Nyl. pale-yellowish-sulphur-colour, coarsely granulate, areolato-diffract, thickish, (K yellow C—); apothecia browntsh-black, moderate, at first somewhat concave and with a thinnish margin, then plano-convex and depressed and immarginate, adnato-sessile ; hypothecium thickish, bright-fuscous, subtended by a pale cartilaginous excipulum, slightly tinged with brown ; hymenium pale, paraphyses distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. In deep recesses of maritime rocks, rare. 1876. Srw :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 578, Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lettermore ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Externally very similar in appearance to Lecidea protrusa, Fr. but with diffe- rent reaction, as well as different nature of the hypothecium. Spores .0155 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I dark-vinous-fuscescent, espe- cially the asci. 103. LZ. humosa, Ehrh. oltwvaceo-virescent, minutely disperso- granulate; apothecta fuscous-black or black, innato-sessile, plane, with a slightly prominent pale margin; hypothectum brownish ; hymenium pale-brown, paraphyses coherent; spores 8, colour- less, oblong, simple. On shady rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Ehrh. Pl. Cr. Dee. 14. n. 135. Goa, Distrizp :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lough Inagh! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Spores .014 mm. long, .0085 mm. broad. 104. LZ. continuior, Nyl. similar to LZ. latypea, Ach. but dif- fering only in the nearly plane, rimoso-areslate thallus (C orange). 278 THE LICHEN-FLORA On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1877. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 463. Bor. Prov :—26. IreLanp:—Kylemore. Mr, Larbalestier. (1877.) Var. subviridans, Nyl. yellow, plane, thin, areolato-diffract, sorediate, (C orange) ; excipulum nigricant ; hypothecium fuscous. On walls, rare. (1877). Syy :—Nyl. Lc. IgELAND :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 105. L. uliginascens, Stirt. fuscous or fusco-nigricant, minutely granulose, effuse ; apothecia black, plane or subconvex, internally K violet ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; paraphyses few, irregular, slender ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On turfy earth, rare. 1877. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. p, 164. (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. ScoTLaNnD :—Near Garve. Dr. Stirton. (1877.) ‘¢Gelatina hymenea I very pale-blue then dark-vinous-red. Spores .01—.013 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad.” (Stirt.) ¥*k* Thallus areolate, areole convex or granular. {+ Hypothecium pale or colourless. 106. L. aglea, Smmrf. flavescent or ochroleucous and virescenti- cinereous, crustaceous, thickish, areolato-diffract, rimose, areole tumid, conver, generally minutely diffracto-insculpt or unequally rugose or smoothesh, (K yellow C yellow)’; hypothallus black ; apo- thecia black, innate in the areole, moderately large, plano-convez, somewhat shining, immarginate, darkly cinerascent within ; hypo- thecium pale, slightly rufescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; thalamium czruleo-cinerascent, epithecium czruleo-nigri- cant ; paraphyses indistinct, apices fuliginous ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1808. Syn :—Smumrf. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. 144. Ase.) Ny Scand. 228. L. Crombiei, Jones! Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 345. Crombie Enum. 82! L. viridiatra, Borr ! Br. Fl. 2. 177. Fic :—E. Bot. 1831. Exs :—Zw. 23. Anzi Langob. 150. a a :—Norway, Finland, Sweden, Lapland, Switzerland, Hun- gary, Italy. kot. Prov :—7...11...15...19...26. EncGLanD :—Near Winch Bridge ; near Whey-Syke, Teesdale Forest, Dur- ham. Rev. J. Harriman. (1808.) ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers! Dr. Holl. Glen Callater; Ben Cruachan! Khoil, Braemar. N.E. brow of Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Mangerton. Mr. Carroll. summit of Diamond Mountain! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates ;—Mynydd-y-Gader ! ! near Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Cader Idris north escarpment! Llyn Cwlyd! Aran Mowddwy! Llanbedrog! Llyn Geirionydd ! Sychnant ! near Conway. Twll Du! Glyder Vach! Cwm Ffynnon loer! ‘*Spores .010—16 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad. I blue then dirty-violet, Spermatia sub-cylindrico-elongate 0.006—8 mm. long and 0.0010—15 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘‘Spores .010—15 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .014—.0145 mm. long, .007—8 mm broad. Medulla I—. A remarkable species, readily recognised by the tumid convex areole of the thallus and the innate deep-black and shining apothecia, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 279 107. JZ. areolata, Scheer. pallido-jflavescent, crustaceous, thickish, areolate or areolato-diffract, rimose, areole plano-convex, smooth, (K yellow C yellow) ; hypothallus black ; apothecia black, adnate to the areole, naked, opake,. moderate, plano-convex, immarginate, cinerascent within ; hypotheciwm colourless, very slightly rufescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses crowded but distinct, On schistose rocks in mountain ranges, rare. 1864. Syw :—Scher, Spicil. 127. (1828.) Enum. 114, Crombie En, 82. Grog. Distris :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—15, ScortanD :—Summit of Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones & Mr. Carroll. (1864.) The above description was drawn up from examination of the original speci- men in Mr. Carroll’s Herbarium, which was externally similar to L. aglea and L. Crombieit and internally differedin no respect. I cannot but regard it as a state or variety of Z. aglea. Can our Scotch lichen be identical with Scherer’s, which is described as having the areole of the thallus ‘‘candide” and the apothecia ‘‘ intus alba!” 108. LZ. tessellata, (Flk.) creamy or whitish, tartareous, sub- determinate, areolato-rimoso-diffract, areole angular, plano-convex, smooth, opake, (K yellow then red) ; apothecia scattered or confluent, sessile, adnate, black, slightly pruinose, plane or sub-convex, internally white, margin thin, acute, elevated, flexuose ; hypothecium colour- less, the margin only with a thin black line ; epithecium nigricant ; thalamium pale-yellowish ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, moderate, granular. On alpine rocks, not common. 1870. Syn :—Flk. D. Lich. 64. (1821.) Smmrf. Lapp. 144. Nyl. Scand. 227. Crombie Euum. 82. LZ. spilota, Fr. L. E. 297. pr. p. Geog. DistTRIB :—Scandinavia, Lapland, Sweden, France, Germany, Hun- gary, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...15...23. EwcuLanp : —Caer Caradoc ! Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers. Messrs. Jones and Carroll. IRgLAND :—Lough Bray near Dublin. Messrs. Jones &: Carroll. “Spores 0.011—17 mm. long, 0.007—0.010 mm. broad.” (WNyl.) Spores -011—16 mm, long, .006—.008 mm. broad, Medulla I—. 109. JZ. spilota, Fr. similar externally and internally to L. tessellata, Flk. but with a different chemical reaction K—C—. On alpine rocks, not common. I have never seen British specimens of the typical form, but the ferruginous state, forma ochracea, (Ach. L. U. 166) frequently occurs. Syw :—Fries L. Eur. p. 297. (1831.) in part (specimen from Dr. Th. M. Fries. Exs :—Arn. 260. Hepp 723. Anzi Langob. 124. 125. 126. Grog. Distris :— Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Sweden. Medulla I—. forma ochracea, (Ach.) thallus ferruginous ; apothecia white within. On alpine rocks, not common. 1856. Syw :—Ach. L, U. 166. (1810.) Crombie Enum. 82. Exs :—Spruce Lich, Pyren. Anzi It. 8. 272. Arn. 468. Scher. 188, Grog. Disrris :—France, Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...15. Encuanp :—Batheaston! Mr. Broome. Mynydd-y-Myfyr! near Oswestry, Shropshire. ; ’ WALES :—Between Bala and Dolgelley ! (1856.) Pen-y-gwryd ! Snowdon. Medulla I—, 280 THE LICHEN-FLORA 110. Z. mollis, (Whinb.) cinereous or pallido-fusco-cinerascent, rimuloso-areolato-diffract, areole minutely albo-verrucose, convex, nigro-limitate, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia fuscous-black or black, superyicial, plane, margined, whitish within ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct. On mountain rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :—Whinb. Lapp. 172. (1812.) Nyl. Scand. 223. Exs :—Fellm. 180. Mudd 168. Arn. 262. Leight. 302. Groc. DisTRiB :—E. Lapland, Norway, Germany. Bor. Prov :—5.,.7...10...15. Encianp :—Kildale Moor! Battersby! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Nesscliffe Hill ! Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. : ScorLanD :—Braemar ; Breadalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Barmouth ! “Spores .007—8 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I slightly blue, then vinous-violet, especially the solid apices of the thece.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .007—9 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) 111. ZL. mesotropa, Nyl. cinerascent, verrucoso-areolato-diffract, areole plano-convex, sub-sguamose around the apothecia, indeter- minate, (K—C reddish) ; apothecia fuscous-black or nigricant, opake, somewhat plane, adnate to the areol, margin obtuse or evanescent, whitish within; hypothecium colourless ; epithecium fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses slender, indis- tinct. On mountain schistose rocks, rare. 1867. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1867. p. 328. Crombie En. 81. Geroc. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Ben Lomond! Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1867.) “Spores 0.009—0.013 mm. long, 0.005—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .012 mui. long, .006 mm. broad. 112. L. inserena, Nyl. darkly cinereous, rimoso-areolate or areolato-granulose, areolz often scattered, hypothallus black, very cunspicuous ; apothecia black, plane; Aypothecium with an opake white stratum in the lower portion; epithecium cerulescenti- fuscescent; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo-oblong, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea ceerulescent, then violet, especially the thecee, with iodine. On quartzose mountain rocks, rare. Resembling L. tenebrosa * tumidior, Nyl. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 84. En. 85. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—15. Scortanp :—Craig Guie, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869.) “Spores .014—17 mm. long, .006—8 broad.” (Wy/.) 118. JZ. coarctata, (Sm.) whitish or cinerascent, thin, rimulose or areolato-granular or sub-continuous or leprose, (K faint yellow or—-C red) ; apothecia fuscous, fusco-rufescent or blackish, small, scattered, innate or sessile, often with a white pulverulent, coarctate, spurious thalline margin ; hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large. A very variable lichen, the principal forms of which are detailed below. “Spores .014—26 mm. long, .007—12 mm. broad.” (7. Af. Fries.) “‘Spores 014— 20 mm. long, .€07—11 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .0035—.00425 in. 1 .00175 in, broad.” (Afudd.) in. long, by OF GREAT BRITAIN. 281 forma elacista, (Ach.) greyish-white, very thin, effuse, leprose ; apothecia innate or sessile, concave or plane, with a conspicuous white coarctate margin. On walls and stones, frequent. 1798, Syn :—Ach. Meth. 159. (1803.) Syn. 149. Nyl. Prodr. 112. Mudd Man, 154. Fic :—E. Bot, t. 534. (1798.) Ach, Meth. t. 4. £. 4. Hepp Sporen t. 21. f. 186, Exs :—Nyl. L. P. 54, Scheer. 312. Leight. 177. Grog. DistRip :—France, Switzerland, Hungary, Italy, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11...15...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Yarmouth. Mr. Turner, (1798.) Yorkshire! My. Dickson. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Newton Wood! near Ayton! Cleve- land. Mr. Mudd. Gateshead Fell ; Eglestone and Gainford, Durham ; Heaton Dene and near Gosforth, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Valley of Rocks, Linton, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Braxted, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Plymouth, Mr. Holmes. Leith Hill, Surrey ; Hastings. Mr. W. Joshua. Seven Oaks, Kent. M7. Holmes. Wickliff Rocks! Ludlow; Hopton! near Nesscliffe; Nordy Bank, Abdon ! Long Mynd ! near Church Stretton, Shropshire. Scornayp :—Killin! My. Piggot. Birnam Hill! Dunkeld. Dr. Lindsay. Craig Tulloch. Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. . Wavss :—Moel-y-Golfa! Montgomeryshire. Pentregaer! near Oswestry ! Cader Idris! Trefriw Falls ! Eglwseg rocks ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier, forma involuta, (Tayl.) greyish-white, tartareous, verrucose or areolato-granulose, verrucee often scattered, convex or flattish ; apothecia fusco-rufescent, concave or more or less convex, sessile, margin obliterated. On siliceous rocks, not unfrequent. 1836. Syn :—Lecanora, Tayl. ! in Mack. Fl. Hib. 2. 134. (1836.) Nyl. Scand. 196, Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 13. f. 4. Exs :—Mudd 124. Hepp 186. Mass. 323. Grog. Distrip :—Germany, Hanover, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7...10...19...26. - Encianp :—Newton Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Haughmond Hill! Caer Caradoc ! Sharpstones! Lyth Hill! near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. TrRELAND :—Carig ! and Dunkerron Mountains. Dr. Taylor. (1836.) Mweerlan ! Rynvyle! Dawros river! near summit of Doughruagh Mountain! Twelve Pins! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wares :—Yr Bifl! Mr Holmes. Cwm Glas! Snowdon. Trefriw falls! fon Cywion ! Drwsynant ! Pass of Llanberis! Aran Mowddwy: Eglwyseg rocks ! Spores .0195 mm. long, .015 mm, broad. forma glebulosa, (Sm.) whitish, tartareous, verrucoso-glebulose or sub-squamalose, verruce tumid, scattered or crowded ; apothecia minute, rufo-fuscescent, plane, margin thin, evanescent. On shady rocks, not unfrequent. 1808. Syn :-—Sm. E. Bet. 1955. (1808.) Fig :—E. Bot. 1955. Exs :—Leight. 149. Geog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...3...5...7, 8...10...15. ENGLAND :—Great Ayton! Carlton Bank. Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Penzance, Mr. Curnow. Tunbridge Wells, Mr. Holmes. Caer Carodoc ! Stableford ! near Bridgnorth, Shropshire. ScotLanD :—Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Aberdovey ! forma ornata, (Smmrf.) greyish-white, verruculose or areolato- squamulose, squamules flat or more or less irregularly convex, margins more or less crenate. 282 THE LICHEN-FLORA On alpine rocks, rare. Syw :—Smumrf. 5 Gane 92, (1826.) Exs :—Mudd 123, Grog. DistRiB :—Norway, he ee Bor. Prov :—3...5...7...10...15 ..26. ENGLAND :—Guisbro’ Moos! Cond. Mr. Mudd. Malvern Hills. Dr, Holl. Bergholt ; Copford, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Church Stretton! Lyth Hill! ScortaNp :—Kinnoull Hill! Perth. Dr. Lindsay. Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Glen Nevis ; Loch Callater. Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘Waxes :—Cader Idris ! Cwm Cwlyd! Tretanp :—Doughruagh Monatatrt Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .022 mm. long, .011 mm. broad. forma dispersa, Leight. convex verruce of thallus scattered and dispersed ; hypothallus black, predominating ; apothecia prominent, almost tubercular, spurious thalline margin conspicuous, minutely crenulato-laciniate. On rocks, rare. 1875. Bort. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Near Rynvyle! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. forma variolosa, Fw. thalline margin white and leprose or powdery, connivent over and concealing the epithecium. On rocks. This state is frequently observable in conjunction with f. elacista. Syn :—Flotow Lich. Siles. 120. (1850.) Geoc. Disrris :—Silesia, Hungary, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5. ENGLAND :—Nordy Bank ! Shropshire. forma depauperata, Leight. thallus entirely obliterated, apothecia naked and prominent. On rocks and stones washed by water. 1866. Mate Cader dia (1866.) Drwsynant ! Aran Mowdd ALES :— er nw. Sera ant ! owddwy ! Pass of Llanberis! Cwm Cywi * Spores .0225 mm. long, “0105 + ist, broad. forma terrestris, growing on the earth in crevices of rocks and walls. Wates :—Moel-y-gest ! 114. ZL. prerimata, Nyl. white or whitish, continuous, rimose, rime subareolate or everywhere subparallelo-radiant, with convex or confluent soredia, (K—C red) ; apothecia fuscous, biatorine, super- ficial, but imperfect and without spores. On felspathic maritime rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 235. Bor. Prov :—sl. CHANNEL ISLANDS: :-—Jersey. Mr, Larbalestier. (1876.) # Possibly a subspecies of L. coarctata, with which it agrees in reaction of thallus, 115. LZ. mesotropoides, Nyl. cinerascent, verrucoso-areolato- diffract, areole conver, (K yellow, medulla I—) ; apothecia fuscous- black or nigricant, at first plane, margined, at length convex, prominent, immarginate, lamina thin, excipulum circumeingent ; ; hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, short, simple. On old limestone walls, 1871, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 283 Syn :—Nylander in Flora 1872. p. 359, Bor. Prov :—15. Soottanp :— Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1871.) “Externally similar to LZ. mesotropa, but with different reaction, thinner lamina and shorter spores. Spores 0.009—11 mm. long, 0.006—7 mm. broad. Spermatia 0.007—10 mm. long, scarcely 0.001 mm, broad.” (Iyi.) 116. LZ. caligans, Nyl. fuliginous-black, thin, rugose, diffract, indeterminate ; apothecia blackish, plane, obtusely margined, within pale; spores 8, colourless, thinly acicular ; epithecium colourless ; paraphyses not distinct; hypothecium colourless, (excipnlum somewhat brownish above) ; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. On maritime rocks, rare. (1873). Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 10. Bor. Prov :—31. Cuannex Istanps :—Alderney, Mr. Larbalestier. (1873,) Allied to L. egenula, but a very distinct species, ‘‘ Spores .030—35 mm, long, .0015 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 117. ZL. pammicta, Strn. whitish or cinereo-albescent, thick, areolato-difract, areolee smooth, minutely papillose, (K yellow then orange-red) ; apothecia black, sessile, plane or somewhat convex, margin undulate, sometimes paler, internally pale; hypothecium colourless ; epithectum almost constantly gyroso-plicate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, rather small; paraphyses thick, in- distinct, apices clavate, nigricant ; gelatina hymenea I blue then violet. On alpine rocks, rare, 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 34, (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—Ben Arthur, Dr. Stirton. (1874.) ** Somewhat similar to ZL. mollis, (Whlnb.) and L. tesselata, (Flk.) Spores .008—.01 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Stirt.) 118. L. tenebrosa, (Flot.) cinereo-nigricant or darkly-cimereous tartareous, rimoso-areolato-granulose, often smooth, opake, areole more or less ¢tumid, (K dirty yellow C dirty yellow) ; hypothallus black ; apothecia small, sub-innate in the areole, black, plane, margin thickish, eventually obliterated ; hypothectum colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct, except a dark discoloured line; gelatina hymenea blue with iodine. On alpine rocks, not common. Syn :—Flotow in Herb. Nyl. Prodr. 127. Scand. 231. T. M. Fr. Scand. 540. Exs:—Anzi Langob. 154, Rabh. 746. Anzi It. 8. 212. Leight. 188. Grog. Disrris :—Sweden, Pyrenees, Bavaria, Germany, Lombardy, Italy. Bor, Prov :—5...7...15...22, 23...31. ENGLAND :—Malvern Hills. Dr. Holl. Abdon Burf! Devil’s Chair! Stiper- stones; Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Braemar ; near Portlethen ; Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killarney and Lough Bray, Dublin; Luggelaw, Wicklow. Adm. Jones, Wats :—Cwm Ffynnon lloer ! CHANNEL IsLanps :—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier, “Spores .011—17 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl. & T. M. Fr.) Spores .0125—.014 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. Medulla I reddish. 119. LL. asperella, Strtn. black, thickish, granuloso-furfuraceous, diffracto-areolate, determinate ; apothecia black, small, adnate, shin- ing, plane, margin thin shining ; hymenium seen in a thin section 284 THE LICHEN-FLORA entirely coeruleo-virescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo- ellipsoid, simple; paraphyses not very distinct, apices clavate cerulescent, (violet-purple with nitric acid); hypotheciwm colour- less, subtended by a fuscous-black excipulum ; gelatina hymenea 1 intensely and persistently blue. On rocks. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 87. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Ben-y-gloe. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) : “Spores .0075—.01 mm. long, .004—~.005 mm. broad. Very closely allied to L. furvella, Nyl. The stratum beneath the hypothecium is composed of large cells intermingled with branching fibres (which, however, prevail more in the lower portion) and is accordingly, quite unlike the usual exciple.” (Stirtn.) ti Hypothecium dark. 120. L.panceola, Ach. allido-cinereous or creamy or pale-tawny, areolato-granulose, areola large, tumid, rimoso-diffract, flattish or sub-convex, smooth, more or less polished, (K faint yellow C red) with tuberculose reddish cephalodia intermixed, hypothallus dark brown ; apothecia black or nigro-fuscous, appressed or immersed, plane or sub-concave, more or less pruinose, margin thin, prominent, smooth ; hypothecitum thick, dark-brown; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, very large, with broad epispore; paraphyses slender, apices fuscous ; gelatina hymenea intense-blue with iodine. On granitic rocks in alpine localities, not uncommon. 1807. forma vera, Leight. apothecia prominent, adnate or appressed, margin prominent, often paler than the epithecium. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 201 (1810) Syn. 33. Nyl. Scand. 225. Aspicilia athroo- carpa, Mudd Man. 164. L. cechumena, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2. 117. : Fie :—E. Bot. 1829. Exs :—Scher. 469. Fellm. 182. Smrft. 51, Anzi Langob, 83. Geroc. DistR1B :—E, Lapland, Sweden, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...7...11...15...19...25, 26...30. EneianpD :—Cronkley and Egleston, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. (1807.) Teesdale! Mr. Robertson. Abdon Burf! Shropshire. ScotLanp :—Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. Ben Cruachan ; Craig Guie ; Khoil. ae J. M. ae oe . RELAND :—Carig Mountain! Dr. Taylor, Tollymore Park. Dr. Maingay. Connor Cliff; summit of Brandon co. Kerry; Galtiners, Tipperary, tr. Carroll. near Belfast. Dr. Moore. co. Antrim. Adin. Jones. Kylemore Castle ! ee end j Housheweh aoe Tantareey, ALES :— Rocks above Corwen ! . T. Salwey. Liyn Bodlyn. Mr. Ho 2 Cwm Glas! Snowdon; Llyn Aran! Llyn y Cae! Cader Tans} Cwm Back i Cwm Cywion ! Cwm Tryfaen! Cwm Bochlwyd! Llyn Cwlyd! Glyder Vach ! Aran Mowddwy ! Cwm Clwyd! Bettws-y-coed! Trefriw! Moel-y-gest ! ‘Spores .017—27 mm. long, .008—12 mm, broad.” (2. M. Fr.) “Spores -018—34 mm. long, .010— 16 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores .006 -.008 in. long, by A haa in. broad.” (BMudd.) Spores ‘0295—.032 mm. long, .016 mm. TO forma subconsentiens, Leight. apothecta concave, immersed in the areole, immarginate, but with a spurious thalline margin. On alpine granitic rocks, not common. 1871. Bor. Prov :—7. Wates :—Cwm Cywion! Cwm Ffynnon Llu !¢c : _Glyder Vach! Aran Mowddwy ! eu lewis Siynnon Ulcer OF GREAT BRITAIN. 285 A conspicuous form, but intermediate states may be observed between this and f. vera. Paraphyses distinct, apices fuscous, lateral excipulum colourless, hypothecium central, dark fuscous. Spores with very thick epispore, double the size of those of Z. consentiens, which this form externally assimilates. Spores —.033 mm. long, .0175--.019 mm. broad. forma obliterata, Leight. thallus smooth, creamy, thin, effuse, nearly denuded, probably by water, with cephalodia; apothecia prominent, with conspicuous proper margin. On alpine rocks, rare. 1871. Bort. Prov :—7. Watss :—Cwm Cywion! Hypothecium nigro-fuscous, thick ; paraphyses distinct ; spores 8, colourless, with narrow epispore, .038 mm. long, .018 mm. broad. 121. L. fusco-cinerea, Nyl. cinerascent or cinereo-fuscous, effuse ; rimoso-areolate, areole often verrucceeform or tuberculate ; hypothallus biack ; apothecia closely appressed or adnate, plane, margin thin prominent ; hypothecitum nigro-fuscous; paraphyses concrescent, apices fuliginous very obtuse and thickly clavate; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoid, simple; gel. hym. I slightly blue, then vinous-red. On alpine rocks. Syn :—Nyl. Bot. Not. 1852 p. 177. T. M. Fr. Scand. 527. Fie :—Nyl. Obs. Lich, Holm, fig. 9. Exs :—Arn. 114. 227. Fr. L. Suec. 406 C. Grog. Distrrp :—Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany. Bot. Prov :—7. Wates :—Cwm Idwal! Llyn Geirionydd ! Externally like L. tenebrosa, but internally different. ‘Spores .009—14 mm. long, .006—10 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘‘Spores .014—20 mm, long, .007 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spermatia shortly acicular, straight. Spores .012— .015 mm. long, .006mm. broad. Medulla I reddish. Thallus K dirty-yellow C reddish. 122. L. Bruyeriana, (Scher.) pale-yellow, verrucoso-glebulose, verruce tumid, scattered or concrete, often evanescent, (K yellow, C apothecia red but thallus yellow) ; apothecia large, sessile, concave, fuscous or black, margin thick, incurved, entire or flexuose ; hypothe- cium black ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, large, simple, granular ; paraphyses distinct ; gelatina hymenea yellow with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Scher. Enum. 77. (1850). ¥ic :—Hepp Sporen t. 70. f£. 615. Exs :—Scher. 539. Hepp. 615. Gzoc. Distr1B :—Switzerland. Bort. Prov :—7...11. EncGLanpD :—Force Garth, Teesdale, Dr. Holl. Watzs :—Craig-y-llam near Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Cader Idris! (1866). Aran Mowddwy ! Moel-y-Golfa! Bor. Prov :-7...10...15. ; f£. ochrodes, Nyl. found in Glen Callater 1872 by Dr. Sterton. Spores, .0195 mm, long, .009 mm. broad. The large apothecia have much the appearance of a Peziza. 123. L. Kochiana, Hepp. mouse-colour or pale-cinereofuscescent, rimoso-areolato-diffract, areole plano-convex, nigro-limitate, (K— C—) ; apothecia black, innate, immarginate, flexuoso- or anguloso- 286 THE LICHEN-FLORA deformed, disk plane, somewhat shining and smooth, internally dusky ; hypothecium a thin nigro-fuscous line resting on the hypothallus ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple; paraphyses distinct. On alpine rocks, not unfrequent. Syv :—Hepp Wurtz. 61. (1824.) Nyl. Scand. 322. Exs :—Scher. 181. M. & N. 549. Zw. 6, Anzi It. 8. 251. Gxoc. Distr :—Switzerland, Pyrenees, Spain, Germany, Norway. Bor. Prov :—7...15...31. Scottanp :—Kincardine ! Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. 7 ne :—Pen-y-gwryd. Mr. W. Joshua. Barmouth ! Snowdon ! Cader Idris ! ef riw ! : CHANNEL IsLanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. TRELAND :—near Letterfrack! Myr. Larbalestier. “Spores .008—11 mm. long, .006—8 mm, broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .01—011 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad. Medulla I—. Var. lygca, Ach. umber-coloured, effuse, continuous, smooth, slightly rimulose, (K—O—); apothecia minute, adpresso-sessile, plano-convex, smooth, immarginate, nigro-fuscous, internally dusky. On rocks, rare. 1865. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 34. excl. var. (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 223. Groce. Distris :—Switzerland, Pyrenees, Lombardy, Italy. Bor. Prov :—7...26...31. Wa tes :—Cwm Glas ! Snowdon. (1865.) Nant Gwynant ! Snowdon. CHanNnEL IsLANDS:—Boulay Bay ! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. IRELAND :—Delphi Mountains, Connemara ; Lough Muck. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .008—11 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Medulla I. 124. L. segregans, Nyl. whitish or albido-cinerascent, verrucoso- granulose, granules various, somewhat convex, more or less segregate or verrucoso-confluent, laxly adnate ; hypothallus nigricant, scarcely visible ; apothecia black, somewhat plane, immarginate, at length convex, and often aggregato-confluent, small, concolorous within ; hypothecium fuscous ; epithecium scarcely obscurate ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; hymenium dusky ; paraphyses moderate, scarcely distinct; gelatina hymenea dilutely-cerulescent then vinoso-fulvescent with iodine. On alpine micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 372. Crombie En. 92. Exs :—Rabh. 768. Anzi Langob. 121. Scher. 626. Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Ben. Lawers. Adin. Jones. Systematically probably near L. melancheima, Tuck. ‘‘Spores .010—13 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 125. L. symphorella, Nyl. whitish or albido-cinerascent, areolate, areolee convex more or less scattered and dispersed, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia black, minute, somewhat convex, immarginate, aggregato-acervulate, acervuli composed of many connate apothecia, internally concolorous, sessile upon and nearly obliterating the areole ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple, the contents having a tendency to separate into 3 nuclei or cells ; paraphyses moderate, indistinct ; epithecium darkly-fuscescent ; hypothecium OF GREAT BRITAIN, 287 brunneo-infuscate ; gelatina hymenea and asci at first blue, then red or vinous-violet with iodine. On weathered quartzose stones, rare. 1869, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1870. p. 35. Crombie in Seem. Journ. Bot. 8. 99. Exs :—Crombie 89. Groce. DistrrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. : Scortanp :—Summit of Morrone; Braemar! Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869.) Apparently very near to L. segregans. ‘‘Spores .010—18 mm. long, .004—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl) Spores .019—.02 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. 126. L. commaculans, Nyl. fuscous-black or nigricant, thin, opake, sub-areolate, areolee depressed, generally dispersed, indeter- minate ; apothecia black, somewhat convex, with scarcely any margin, concolorous within ; hypothecium thickish, rubricoso-fuscous, this colour passing upwards into the thalamium; epithecium nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, or linear-oblong, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent with iodine. On felspathic boulders, rare. 1868. ‘* Approaching Z. Kajanita, in which the spores are different and the thala- mium not tinged with red, but more allied to LD. dispansa, Nyl. Spermatia cylindrical straight. Spores 0.008—0.011 mm. long, 0.0083—4 mm. broad.” Nyl. Fiypotheaiam has the same reddish tinge which is produced by K on the hypothecium of Lecanora subfusca var. coilocarpa, and this colour passes without distinguishable tint into the thalamium, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 476. Crombie En. 93. Guog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—Morrone! Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Spores .01—.011 mm. long, .008—4 mm. broad. 127. L. amphotera, Leight. white, tartareous, areolato-diffract, areole of compound clustered convex granules, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia fuscous, clustered or conglomerate, innate, prominent, large, immarginate ; hypothecium fuscous, thickish ; paraphyses crowded, but distinct ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, simple. On alpine rocks, rare. 1870. Bor. Prov :—7...15. ScorLanp :—Hill of Ardo near Aberdeen. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) Wates :—Conway ! The thallus of this has the Eee appearance of that of Pilophoron fibula with its fuscous cephalodia, and the spores resemble those of Lecidea lapicida, from which the nature of the thallus and the different hypothecium distinguish it. Spores .0175 mm. long, .005 mm, broad. 128. L. dealbatula, Nyl. whete, thin, rimose or scatteredly con- vexo-subareolate, unequal, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, small, pro- minent, margined, wmbonate or at length subgyrose in the centre, concolorous within ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, minute ; eptthecoum and hypothecium nigrofuscous ; paraphyses moderate, distinct but coherent ; gelatina hymenea I intensely-bluish, On schistose and hard-grained rocks, rare. 1874, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p, 315. Bor. Prov :—7...15...26. Scortanp ;—Stronaclachan, Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1877.) IRELAND :—Kylemore Castle ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. 288 THE LICHEN-FLORA Wates :—Trefriw ! near Llanrwst, ca deparcula, Nyl. Spores 0.010—12 mm. long, 0.006—8 mm. broad.” ue, 129. JL. silacea, Ach. brightferruginous-red, areolate, areole verrucoso-yranulate, convex, tumid, smooth, (K— C—); apcthecia dark-bluish or violet-black, numerous, scattered or crowded, various in size, closely adnate on or between the areole, plane or convex, margin entire or flexuose ; hypothectum dark-fuscescent, subtended by a darker-excipulum ; hymenium bluish, paraphyses distinct, apices violet-black ; spores 8, colourless, roundish-oblong, simple, small ; I intense-blue. On alpine rocks, probably not uncommon. 1870. a :—Ach. Prodr. p. 66 (1794) Syn. 22. Nyl. Scand. 225. T. M. Fr. Scand. 7 Fie :—Mass. Ric. fig. 123. Exs :—Scher. 190, 191. Anzi Langob. 159. Grog. Disrrre :—Sweden, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, Italy. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp:—Glen Fender! Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie (1870.) ‘* Spores ,008—11 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .01 mm. Jong, .005— .0055 mm. broad. 130. LZ. calpodes, Strtn. darkly-cinereous, areolato-diffract, areole somewhat convex, contiguous or dispersed ; apothecia black, minute, very numerous, zxnato-sessile, concave, suburceolate, acutely margined, at length somewhat explanate, internally pale or pallido-fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, almost spherical, simple ; paraphyses irregular, indistinct, apices fuscescent; hypothecium fuscous or pallidofuscescent, thin; gelatina hymenea I slightly blue then vinous-red. * On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 88 (1875.) Bort. Prov :—15. ScottanpD :—Killiecrankie. Dr. Stirton (1875.) ‘*Spores .007—.0085 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. K renders the para- pbyses as distinct, filiform, irregular, branching fibres.” (Strtn.) 131. L. Mullensis, Stirt. cinereous or nigro-cinereous, areolato- verrucose, diffract, (K yellow, internally yellow then ferruginous-red ) formed of erect columelle, which are either connate or segregate and dispersed ; apothecia black, subinnate, small, plane, acutely margined, margin often flexuose or undulate ; hypothecium thickish, fuscous or fuscous-black ; paraphyses very irregular and indistinct ; nigro-apiculate ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist. 4, 166 (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. ScoTLanD :—Mull. Dr. Stirton. (1877.) -_ Spores .006—.009 mm, long, .004—006 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I bluish, then vinous-red. Hymenium K yellow, then‘with stellate groups of reddish acicular crystals. Asci with thick pellucid walls upwards.” (Stirt.) **x**** Thallus areolate, areole flat or plane, + Hypothecium pale. 133. L. polycarpa, Fik. cin-rascent, very thin, tartareous, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 289 minutely rimuloso-areolate, areolee plane or plano-convex, smooth, somewhat evanescent, (K yellow then red); hypothallus black ; apothecta numerous, scattered or aggregate, adnate, plane, opake, black, soft, velvety, margin very thick, subtumid, prominent, flexuose ; hypothecium pale or more on less rufescent, with short lateral black excipulum ; epithecium nigricant ; thalamium pale; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple, binucleolate. On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Fik, in Smmrf, Suppl. Lapp. 149. (1826.) Nyl. Scand. 226, Exs :—Fellm. 189. Grog. Distrrs :—E. Lapland, Scandinavia, Hungary, Sweden, France. Bor. Prov :—5...7...15...19. Eneianp :—Devil’s Chair! Stiperstones, Shropshire. Scornanp :—Morrone ; Ben-na-boord; Ben Cruachan; Ben Lawers; Ben Nevis; Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Mangerton. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Cader Idris, north escarpment ! Craig Breidden! Nevin! Eglwyseg rocks ! Llyn Geirionydd! Barmouth ! **Spores .009—.014 mm. long, .004—7 mm. broad.” Wyl. ‘Spores .009— 12 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. I blue then discoloured, asci violet-red or fulvescent. Spermatia shortly acicular, straight or slightly curved .009—12 pore tone (2. M. Fries.) MedullaI blue. Spores .015 mm. long, .005 mm. road. Var. declinans, Nyl. nearly ecrustaceous ; hypothectum fuscous or fusco-rufescent, (K yellow then red). Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 226. (1861.) Crombie Enum. 81. Leight. in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. June, 1867. Exs:—Fellm. 187. 188, Rabh. 844. Grog, Distr1B :—E. Lapland, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—7...15...23. ScorLanD ;—Castleton, Braemar. Adm. Jones. IRELAND :—Killiney Hill. Dr Moore. Wates :—Cader Idris, north escarpment ! Pass of Llanberis ! je 133. LZ. marginata, Scher. pale-apricot-colour, tartareous, ma- cular, diffuse, rimuloso-areolato-difract, areole plane, unequal, (K yellow) ; apothecia black, sessile, plane or tumid, margin thick, prominent, sometimes flexuose, at length obliterated ; hypothecium pale ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple, I blue. On alpine rocks, rare. 1868. Syn :—Scher. Enum. 115. (1850.) Crombie Enum. 83. Exs :—Scher. 189. Grog. Distr :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2...15. Encianp :—Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Scoruanp :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1868.) Spores .015—.0115 mm. long, .0065—.0075 mm. broad. 1384. LZ. lapicida, Fr. cinerascent, tartareous, thin, areolato- vimoso-difract, areole flat or plane, (K—C—) ; hypothallus black ; apothecia numerous, small, scattered or aggregate, plane, opake, raven-black, soft, velvety, margin thin, obtuse, slightly prominent, flexuose ; hypothecium pale, with a thin blackish wavy line subten- ding the sides -and base ; epithecium nigricant ; thalamium pale and yellowish ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly oblong, simple, often with 2 nuclei ; paraphyses distinct, apices nigricant. On alpine rocks, frequent. 290 THE LICHEN-FLORA. . Syn :—Fries. L. E. 306. (1831.) Nyl. Scand. 225, Nyl. ! Obs. Holm. 2. (1853.} Mudd Man. 209. Exs :—Zw. 180. Leight. 157. Grog. Distrrp :—Scandinavia, Germany. _ Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...15...28, 29, 30. Eneanp :—Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Mynydd-y-Myfyr near Oswestry ! Bod- bury Ring near Church Stretton ! Abdon Burf ! all in Shropshire. a, . ScorLanD :—Breadalbane ; Blair Athole; Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TrELAND :—North. Dr. Moore. Wa tes :—Nant Gwynant! Crib Coch! Snowdon. Cwm Bochlwyd! ‘* Spores .003 in. long by -OOLin. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .008--.012 mm. long, .004—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .009—13 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .011—.0125 mm, long, .003—4 mm. broad. MedullaI—. Var. ochracea, ferruginous-red. On alpine rocks, not common. Groce. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov. :—7...15...30. Scortanp :—Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Clogan Mountains co. Antrim. Dr. Moore, Wats :—Nant Gwynant! Snowdon ; Cwm Clyd! 135. LZ. lithophila, Ach. cinerascent, tartareous, thin, rimulo- so-areolate, areole plane, (K—-C—) ; hypothallus black ; apothecia numerous, small, scattered or aggregate, plane, opake, black, or ni- gro-rufescent, soft, velvety, innate or sessile, margin thin, prominent, flexuose ; hypothectum pale, slightly obscurate; epithecium rufes- cent when moistened; thalamium pale; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct. On alpine rocks, frequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 14, (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 226. Exs :—Fellm. 190. Geoc. Distrre :—E. Lapland, Scandinavia, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—1...6, 7...12...15...20.. 26. ENcLAND :—Stavely near Kendal. Mr. Martindale. Cornwall. Dr, Holl. Scortanp :—Ben Lawers; Morrone; Glen Fender; Blair Athole. Rev. J. -M. Crombie. Wates :—Cader Idris, north escarpment! Nant Gwynant! Snowdon ; Drwsynant ! Llyn Geirionydd! Gimlet Rock! Pwhhelli. road between Fish- guard! and Newport, Pembrokeshire. IRELAND :—Blackrock. Mr. Carroll. Killery Bay. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘* Spores .009—12 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. IJ intense-blue. Spermatia acicular, nearly straight, .012—15 mm. long.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘‘Spores .011—15 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .01—013 mm. long, .0045—006 mm. broad. 136. JZ. plana, Lahm. cinereous, or glaucescenti-whitish, rimoso- areolate, areole plane, (K—-C—) ; apothecia black, opake, small, adnate, variously angulose by confluence or compression, plane, margin thin, entire or flexuose ; hypothecium colourless, with a brown lateral excipulum extending about half way under the hy- pothecium ; paraphyses distinct, but coherent, apices fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, narrow-oblong or lineari-oblong, simple ; I intense deep-violet-blue. On sub-alpine rocks, rare. Syn :—Korb. Par. 211, (1861.) Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 552, T. M. Fries Scand. 497. L. lapicida var. lithophilo des, Nyl. Leight. Lich. Fl. 285, Exs :—Nyl Pyren. Or. Geog. DisTR1B :—Sweden, Norway, Germany, Eastern Pyrenees, Bor. Prov ;—15, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 291 ScoruanpD :—Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .011—15 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .009—12 mm. long, .0025—40 mm. broad. I intense-blue.” (7. M. Fries. Spores .013 mm. long, .004mm. broad, 137. ZL. rivulosa, Ach. mouse-coloured or pallido-fusco-cineras- cent, rimuloso-areolato-deffract, areole plane, nigricanti-limitate, (K— C—) ; apothecia fuscous-black, moderate, sessile, margin thin, paler, flecuose, disk plane, opake, minutely granuloso-papillate, inter- nally entirely whitish ; hypothecium pale; spores 8, colourless, oblong, slightly curved, simple ;. paraphyses distinct, apices fuscous. On mountain rocks, common. 1807. Syw :—Ach. Meth. 38. (1803.) Syn. 28. Nyt Scand. 222, Mudd Man. 199, ’ Fic :—E. Bot. 1737. Hepp Sporen t. 57. f. 4 Exs :—Zw. 7. 93. Hepp 491. Nyl. 59. Fries 104. Grog. DistR1B :—Sweden, France, ermany, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 5...7...10, 11...18, 19. ENGLAND ;—Kildale ! Ayton Moor! Vorkekine, Mr. Mudd. Horsleyhope Bourn, Durham. Wooler Water foot of Cheviot, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Sheepstor, Devon. Ightham, Sharpitor, Kent. Mr, Holmes. Mynydd-y-Mytyc! Oswestry, Shropshire. Scornanp :—Garrynahine, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie, ‘ ae :#Near Glengariff! Mf. Carroll. Delphi, Connemara. Mr. Lar- balestier. Wates :—Holyhead ! Barmouth ! Cuanner Istanps :—Le Fret ! Jersey ; Jerbourg ! Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .009—12 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad. I blue then vinous-red, ‘especially apices of asci. Spermatia cylindrical, slender, straightish or curved, .004 mm. long, .001 mm. broad.” (7. Mf. Fries.) ‘‘Spores .009—.012 mm. long, -0045—.0055 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .0025 in. long by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .012 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. I deep-blue. The excipulum is laterally and externally fuscous, and may be frequently traced under the entire pale hypothecium. The internal contents of the spores have a tendency to constriction and division in the middle. In the typical form the thallus is thicker and more crustaceous, and verrucoso-areolate. forma depressa, Leight. minuiely areolato-rimose, areole de- pressed, flat, plane, sometimes slightly concave ; apothecia sessile. On mountain rocks, frequent. Exs :—Rabh. 775. Anzi Ital. S. 250. Langob. 162. Geroc. Distrip :—Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—7...20. IRELAND :—West Cork! Mr. Carroll. Waters :—Pass of Llanberis! Holyhead! Crib Coch! Snowdon. Llyn Cwlyd! Tanybwlch Wood! Capel Curig. forma obscurior, Crombie. thallus areolato-rimose, of a dark dusky colour caused by the intersection and predominance of the serpentine lines of the brownish-black hypothallus; apothecia sessile. On mountain rocks, not common. 1865. Bor. Prov :—7. . Wats :—Glyder Vach! Aran Mowddwy! Llyn y Ddinas, near Beddgelert ! forma depauperata, Leight. thallus evanescent, leaving only the dusky hypothallus ; apothecia sessile. On quartzose rocks and boulders, rare. 1871. Bor. Prov :—7. Wa es :—Cwm Cywion! Nant Francon (1871.) There is a corticolar form represented by fs 730. Rabh. 808. T. M. Fries 43. Zw. 267. growing on Beech and Birch in Scandinavia and Germany, but not yet detected in Great Britain, ‘ be Beh 3 292 THE LICHEN-FLORA 138. L. atrofuscescens, Nyl. cinereo-nigricant or fusco-nigrescent, deplanate, areolato-diffract, sub-opake, areole plane or flat; hypo- thallus black, here and there visible; apothecia black, adnate, plane, at length somewhat convex, margined, moderate, often sub-angulose, nearly colourless within; hypothecium colourless ; epithecium fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses slender, sub-irregular ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent, then partly vinoso-rubescent with iodine. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1864. Syn :—NyL in Flora 1866. p. 371. Crombie En, 83, Grog. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. Scortanp :—Lower slopes of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. (1864). Intermediate between ZL. fuscoatra and tenebrosa, but distinguished by the larger spores and other characters, ‘‘Spores .018—20 mm. long, .009—.011 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) 139. L. lithophiliza, Nyl. cinerascent, firm, unequally deplanate, areolato-diffract or areolato-rimose, thin, rhagadiose, (K yellow) ; apothecia brown-black, innate, plane or convex, ynmarginate, white internally, bounded beneath with a thin black line ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; paraphyses moderate, lurido-fuscescent at the apices; hypothecium with the middle stratum chalky- white, opake (not hyaline), the lower conceptacular stratum thin black; gelatina hymenea cerulescent with iodine. On micaceo-schistose maritime rocks, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868, p, 473, Crombie En. 66, Groce. DistRre :—Europe. Bor. Prov:—7...15. ScotLanD :—Portlethen, Kincardine. Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. WALES :—Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Distinct from L. lithophila and systematically near L. pheops., ‘‘Spores .009—.017 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) T. M. Fries Lich. Scand. 497. considers this to be a form of L, lithophila. (Ach.) 140. L. interludens, Nyl. whitish or cinereous-white, thin, rimu- loso-areolate, areolce plane, minutely wrinkled, nigro-limitate, (K pale tawny C—); apothecia black, superficial, sessile, rather large, somewhat plano-conver, immarginate or with a very thin white thalline margin, internally colourless ; paraphyses slender, distinct, clavate and fuscous at the apices ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple; gelatina hymenea blue, afterwards the entire thece vinous or violet-red. On calcareous alpine rocks, rare, 1869. Syy :—NylL in Flora 1870. p. 33. Crombie in Seem. Journ. Bot. 8. 98. Groce. Distrrp :—Europe, Bot. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Morrone! Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869.) Externally similar to Z. mollis, which however has the areolz minutely albo- verrucose ; and differs from L. Kochiana, which has a mouse-coloured thallus and innate apothecia. ‘Spores .010—12 mm. long, .006—8mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 141. L. nigrificans, Nyl. blackish, opake, thin, rugulose, areolato- rimose, areole flat ; apothecia black, plane, subprominent, marginate, whitish within ; hypothecium olourless ; epithecium greenish- OF GREAT BRITAIN, 293 black ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct, moderate ; gelatina hymenea I vinous-reddish. On dry argillaceous schistose maritime rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 307. Bor. Prov :—26. Irevanp :—South side of Killery Bay, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) ‘*Spores .011—12 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad. Belongs probably to the section of ZL. confusula, Nyl. The thallus entirely green within, margin of apothecia sometimes cesio-suffused.” (Wyl.) 142. L.luteo-atra, Nyl. dirty-yellowish, minutely areolato-dif'ract, the dark hypothallus appearing between the areola, areole dirty- yellowish, plane, more or less dispersed, (K— C pale-yellow) ; apo- thecta black, one or two innate in each areola, plane, immarginate ; hypothecium colourless; hymenium pale, paraphyses distinct, cohzrent, apices brownish-nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, lineari- oblong, simple. On alpine rocks, rare. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—Morrone! Braemar. Rev, J. M. Crombie. Spores .012—.013 mm, long, .0055 mm. broad. tt Hypothecium dark. 143. L. fusco-atra, Ach. fuscous or chestnut-coloured or fusco- nigricant or lurido-cinerascent, areolate, areolce gibboso-conver or plane, smooth and shining (K yellow C red); apothecia appressed, plane or convex, scattered or confluent, black, naked or sometimes pruinose, margin thin ; hypothecium thick, black; thalamium thin ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, small. “Spores .010—16 long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .010—15 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. Spermatia cylindrical, straight, I blue then violet or red.” (7. M, Fries.) Spores .011—.013 long, .0055—006 mm. broad. forma gzbba, Wahl. chestnut-coloured, areole gibboso-convex, smooth and shining. On alpine and mountain rocks, not common. Syn :—Whlnb. Fl. Lapp. 473. 1812.) Ach. Syn, 12, Fic :—Hffm. Pl. Lich. t. 54. f. 1. a. Exs :—Leight. 215. 239. Anzi Langob. 280. Grog. Distris :—Sweden, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...7...15...19...30. ENGLAND :;—Haughmond Hill! Long Mynd! Abdon Burf! Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. . ScorLaND :—Ben Lawers; Morrone; Craig Tulloch; Hill of Ardo. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IneLanD :—Near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. South of Treland. Miss Hutchins. Wass :—Craig Aderyn ! near Towyn. forma fumosa, Ach. pallidofuscescent, areolato-diffract, areole flat, or slightly concave, angular, the edges raised up into a very thin sharp margin, smooth and shining, (K yellow C red) ; apothecia appresso-innate, plane, scattered or confluent, margined. On mountain rocks and stones, common, Syn :—Ach. Syn. 12. (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 230. Exs :—Leight. 216, 304, Zw. 136. Schar- 470, M. & N. 461. Arm. 191, Anzi Venet. 173. 294 THE LICHEN-FLORA Groc. Distrre :—Hungary, Switzerland, Bavaria, Italy, Norway. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7...10, 11...15...31. Enchanp-:—Near Newcastle! Teesdale! Mr. Robertson. Craigforda! near Oswestry, Sunset Hee T. Salwey. Cliffrig! Ayton Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Long Mynd! Bodbury Ring! near Church Stretton; Uffington! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. H ScoTLanD :—Portlethen, Kincardineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Corsygedol! near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. Capel Curig! M7. Borrer. Moel Siabod! Mr. Holmes. Anglesea! Rev. Hugh Davies. Pen-maen- mawr! Cader Idris! Barmouth! Crib Coch! Snowdon. Glyn! near Capel Curig; Drwsynant! Pen-y-rhiw! Newport Road! Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL Istanps :—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma Mosigii, Ach. areole pallido-fuscescent, and like those of f. fumosa, (K yellow C red), but apothecia innate, plane, cwsio- pruinose. On maritime rocks, rare. Syn :—L. fumosa var. Mosigii, Ach, Syn. 12. (1817.) NyL Scand. 230. Exs :—Zw. 137. Groc. DistrrB :—Sweden, Italy. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...26.- - IRELAND :—River Dawros! Doughruagh Mountain! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, . Wates :—Barmouth ! Builth! forma grisella, Flk. lurido-cinerascent or lurido-whitish, areole plane or rugoso-tumid, (K yellow C red); apothecia appresso- innate, margined, often pruinose. On mountain rocks, rare. Syn :—Scher. Enum. 110. (1850.) Nyl. Scand. 230. L. diacapsis! Sm. E. Bot. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 287. Anzi Langob. 110. Scher. 625. Korb. 282. Mudd 182. arene DistR1B :—Sweden, Italy, Switzerland, Lombardy, Bavaria, Pyrenees, adeira. Bor. Prov :—5...7...9...11...15...26...31. ENGLAND :— Yew How, Coniston Water, Lancashire. Mr. Hailstone. Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Lyth Hill! Middle! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. ScoTLAND :—Grampians, Kincardine, Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Lough eagh ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Trefriw ! and Llyn Geirionydd! Cwm Bochlwyd! CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma metosporiza, Nyl. whitish or albido-cinerascent, rimoso- diffract ; apothecia plane or convex, czsio-pruinose. On rocks and boulders, not unfrequent. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876, p. 239. Geroc. DisTR1B :—France. Bor. Prov :—15...26. ScorLaNnD :—Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier, forma deusta, Stenh. fusco-nigricant, areolato-diffract, (K yellow C red.) : On alpine rocks, rare. Syw :—Fr. Sched. Crit. 14. 9. (1833.) Nyl. Scand. 229. Exs :—Fries 405. Leight. 240, Zw. 228, Groc. DIsTRIB :—Sweden. Bor. Prov. :—5...7...15. EncGianD :-- Haughmond Hill! Wrekin Hill! Long Mynd! Shropshire. ScoTLaNnD Eee Rev. J. M. Crombie. ; Wares :—Moel-y Golfa! Montgomeryshire. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 395 144, LZ. lactea, (Flk.) yellow-whitish or cinerascent, thin, smooth, rimoso-areolato-diffract, areole plane, (K yellow then deep orange- red) ; apothecia black, numerous, scattered or aggregate, plane, innate, naked or pruinose, internally-cinerascent, margin thin, entire or flexuose ; hypothectum dark-nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct. On mountain granitic rocks, rare. Syn :—Flk. in Scher. Spicil. 127. (1812.) Nyl. Scand. 230. LZ. ambigua, Fr. L.S. Exs. 407, Mudd Man. 206. Exs ;—Scher. 176. Zw. 20. Anzi Langob. 157. Leight. 301. Anzi Ital. 8. 271. 270. Arn. 470. Grog. Distrrp :—Switzerland, Pyrenees, Sweden, Tyrol. Bor. Prov :—5B...7...10...15...24 : EneLanp :—Thirsk, Yorkshire. Mr, Baker. Mytton Bach! Stiperstones, Shropshire. Scottanp :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. Morrone and Glen Dee, Braemar; Falls of Tummell, Blair Athole, Rev. J. M. Crombie. Irevanp ;—Limerick. Adm. Jones. Watss :—Capel Curig! Mr. Borrer. Barmouth! Glyder Vach ! Llanberis ascent of Snowdon! Conway! Pen-maen-mawr! Crib Coch! Snowdon ; Llyn Cwlyd! ere: Vach! Cwm Cywion! Cwm Bochlwyd! Pass of Lianberis! Trefriw! Llyn Geirionydd! Craig Aderyn! Moel Siabod! Cwm Ffynnon Lloer ! Cwm Glas ! k ‘ “Spores .012—15 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. I blue.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores -0025 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .01—.0125- mm. long, -0055 mm. broad. The apothecia by excessive confluence appear often as gyrose. The most general colour of the thallus is yellow-whitish or yellowish cream-colour, the grey cinerascent thallus is less frequent, and the cesio- pruinose state of the apothecia rather rare. The chemical reaction is the confirmatory character in all the states. 145. LZ. nitida, (Scher.) olivaceo-fuscous, crustaceous, nigro- limitate, areolato-diffract, areole shining, flat and dispersed in some states, concave, margins upturned, whitish and sub-pulverulent, (K— C—) ; hypothallus black, often predominatiug ; apothecia black; at first innate in the areole, eventually superficial and sessile, plane, solitary or confluent, margin thin, prominent, entire or flexuose ; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. On alpine and maritime rocks, not unfrequent. 1856. Syn :—L. fumosa var. nitida, Scher. Enum, 110. (1850.) Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. L. t. 49. fig. 2, a. 6. Hepp Sporen t. 15. £. 131. ‘ Exs :—Hepp 131. Anzi Langob. 84, A. 85, Leight. 278. (status hypothallo predominante). Geoc, Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...26. , ; WaAtes :—Barmouth ! (1856.) Glyder Vach! Pass of Llanberis! Snowdon ; Cwm Tryfaen !-Llyn Cwlyd! Crib Coch, Snowdon! Cwm Ffynnon Lloer ! Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! L ; IRELAND :—Summit of Doughruagh Mountain ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, Approaching L. fusco-atra var. deusta in external appearance but with diffe- rent reaction. 146. L. sub-Kochiana, Nyl. cinereous, crustaceous, thin, nigro- limitate, areolato-diffract, areole plain, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, numerous, scattered, innate, or imnato-sessile, plane, margin thickish, sometimes slightly paler ; hypothecium thick, nigro-fuscous; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, (size of those of L. fuscoatra. ) "On sub-alpine rocks, not common. 1864, 296 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—L, tessellata f. sub-Kochiana, Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 85. Scand. p. 227. Groc. Distr :—Sweden, Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—7...15...26. ScorLanp :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Moel-y-Golfa ! Slonteeme neryahie "(1864.) Pen-maen-Mawr ! Car- narvonshire. Cwm Cywion! Cwm B IRELAND :—Kylemore Castle! Mr. “Forbotestien Like L. fusco-atra var. grisella, but distinguished by different reaction, which also separates it from L. tessellata, in which also the areole are convex. "Spores 2012 mm. long, .0065 mm. broad. 147. L.contiguella, Nyl. whitish, thin, areolato-rimose, surrounded at the circumference by a black hypothallus, (K—) ; apothecia black, adnate, plane, margined, concolorous within ; hypothecium brown ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; epithectwm dark-bluish ; para- ‘physes moderate; gelatina hymenea I. bluish, then vinous- reddish. On quartzose boulders, rare. 1872. Syy:—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289—300. Bor. Prov :—15. SooTLanD :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) “Differs as above from L. lactea, Flk. Spores .011—15 mm. long, .0045—55 mm. broad.” (Jyi.) 148. JL. scutulata, Strn. pale-cervino-rufescent, thinnish, areolato- diffract, areole plane or somewhat convex, (K—C—) ; apothecia fusco-nigricant or black, rather large, innate, or sometimes slightly emersed and elevate, margin thin; hypothectum thick, fuscous- black ; epithecitum concave ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large ; paraphyses slender, apices fuscescent; gelatina hymenea I. coorulescent, then the middle of the hymenium vinoso-fulvescent, the upper portion remaining cerulescent. On alpine rocks, rare. 1874. Syw :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 34. (1874.) SooTLanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. K virton. (1874.) “Closely allied to ZL. ape (Ach.), but with different reaction and without the characteristic reddish cephalodia. Spores .024—.032 mm. long, .012—.015 -mm. broad.” (Strtn.) : 149. Z. oraliaie Strtn. pale or pallido-cinereous, somewhat thick, diffracto-areolate, somewhat plane, (K yellow then red) ; 3 apothecia black, adnate, large, plane, rugose, sometimes ccesio-pruinose, margin obtuse, Jlexuose or sinuose ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses pellucid, indistinct, apices fuscescent ; hypothe- cium thick, fuscous-black ; gelatina hymenea I intense-blue. On rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans, Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 88. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—17. ScorLanD :—Thurso, Caithness. Dr. Stirton. (1875). “Spores .015—.02 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad. Beautiful acicular crystals .018—.024 mm. long, .002 mm. broad, are formed by the action of K on the thallus and subh aes spaces. At first a clear solution of a yellow colour appears and thereafter stellate groups of these reddish crystals, Perhaps a form of Z. Mooreana.” (Strtn.) lal a - HERRER ee continuous, rimulose, plane. + Hypothecium pale. 150. JL. Taylori, (Salw.) creamy or brownish-white, tartareous, thickish, effuse, smooth, rimuloso-diffract, (K deep yellow C—); OF GREAT BRITAIN. 297 apothecia fusco-rufescent, immersed or superficeal, numerous, scat- tered, plane or plano-convex, margin thin, entire or immarginate ; hypothectum pale-yellowish-brown, prolonged downwards into the thallus ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, or elongato-elliptical, large, simple, granulate ; paraphyses distinct, somewhat conglutinate, apices fuscescent. On mountain rocks, not common. 1814. Syn :—Biatora Taylori, Salw. in Trans. Penzance Nat. Hist. Soc. 1853. p. 144. Lecidea, Mudd Man. 199. Beomyces anomalus, Tayl. Fl, Hib, 2. 79. Lecidea levigata, Nyl. Enum. 143, Crombie Enum. 65. Fic :—E. Bot. 2580. Exs :—Leight. 283. Anzi. Etr. 28. Anzi Venet. 60. Gxoc. Distr1B :—France, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...19...26. ENGLAND :—Ilfracombe. Miss Attwood. Torquay. Dr. Deakin. Gulval Cairn ! Penzance. Rev. T. Salwey. Bolt Head, Devon. Dr. Holl. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. Spout Valley! Long Mynd near Church Stretton, Craigforda! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Blackwater co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Glena and Glen Flesk near ‘Killarney. Six 7. Gage. (1814.) near Tully ! Dawros river! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth. Rev. JT. Salwey. Cwm Bychan. Mr. Borrer. Cader Idris! Great Orme’s Head! River Gwaine! Goodwick Bay! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. “Spores .0025—.003 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “ Spores .018— 22 mm. long, .008—.010 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .015—.019 mm. long, ,0065—.007 mm. broad, frequently filled with spherical globules or granules, Spermogonia numerous, scattered, brownish, immersed. Spermatia cylindrical, exceedingly slender and delicate, variously curved. Gelatina hymenea I bluish, then fulvescent. Excipulum lateral, brown externally. 151. ZL. leiotea, Nyl. fuscous or griseo-nigricant, thin, varnished, smooth, determinate, continuous, obsoletely rimulose; apothecia black, plane, obtusely margined or margin indistinct, adnate ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo-oblong, simple ; paraphyses moderate, thicker at the fuscescent apices and there generally septato-articulate; gelatina hymenea slightly cerulescent. On sub-alpine basaltic rocks, rare. 1867. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1867. p. 328. Crombie En, 85. Geog. DistRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...19. IRELAND :—Crogham! Killarney. Mr. Carroll. (1867.) Wares :—Trefriw falls ! “Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .006--7 mm. broad. Spermatia ellipsoideo- oblong, .004 mm. long, .0015 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .012 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. Asci linear, spores in single series. 152. L. cnea, (Duf.) cervino-fuscescent, somewhat shining, rimoso-areolate or verrucoso-areolate, (K yellow C—); apothecia fuscous-black, adnate, internally whitish, often rimulose ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; hypothecium colourless; para- physes coherent, apices fuscescent or fuliginous. On quartzose boulders, rare. 1872. YN :—Nyl. Prodr. 134. (1857.) Crombie in Journ, Bot. n.s, 2.135. Parmelia, S ¥Frs. L. E. 108. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 111. Geog. Distr :—Pyrenees, Sweden, Norway. Bor. Prov ;—15. ScorLAND :—Near summit of Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie, (1872.) \ 298 THE LICHEN-FLORA ‘Spores .015—18 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. Somewhat like D. badia.” (Wyl.) “Spores .010—15 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Spermatia long, acicular, curved.” (Z. M. Fries.) 153. L. semipallens, Nyl. dirty-whitish, or albido-glaucous, thin, rimulose ; apothecia livid or in part pallescent, convex, immarginate, internally colourless; epithecium and hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, shortly ellipsoid, minute, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea I vinoso-fulvo-rubescent. On quartzose rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 234. Bor. Prov :—26. ( oh :—Lough Inagh, Kylemore river, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. 1876. “Spores .006—9 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Zyl) 154. LZ. vonfusior, Nyl. dark-greyish, rimoso-areolate, inde- terminate ; apothecia black, conver, immarginate, when young plane, -obsoletely margined, white within ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, simple; paraphyses thickish, not very well discrete, -blackish at the apices ; hypothecium colourless ; gelatina hymenea I intensely bluish and then vinous-red. On micaceous rocks, in alpine places. 1874. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. pp. 305—318. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanpD :—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1874.) * Allied to L. confusula, Nyl. but differing in character of thallus and spores. ‘Spores 0.010—17 mm. long, 0.004—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 155. DL. restricta, Strtn. nigro-cinereous, rugose, thin; apo- _thecia black, adnate, small, plane, obtusely margined ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, binucleate, simple ; thecze saccate ; paraphyses ‘distinct, filiform, thick ; epithecium fuscescent, rosy-purple with nitric acid; hypothecium colourless ; gelatina hymenea I blue then fulvescent, especially the thece. On rocks, rare. 1875, Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 88. (1875.) Bot. Prov :—15. ScoTLaNnD :—Blair Athole. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) ‘Spores .013—.017 mm. long, .008—.01 mm. broad.” (Strtn.) 156. L. Breadalbanensis, Strtn. black or fuscous-black, thin, somewhat rugulose ; apothecia black or fuscous-black, small, convex, rugose, immarginate, often conglomerate, internally pale or rather _ pallido-rufescent ; spores 4—8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, with a double. epispore ; paraphyses indistinct, conglutinate, apices rufo- _fuscescent ; hypothecium pale, or in a thin section under a lens rufous ; gelatina hymenea I intense-blue. On mosses and jungermanniz, rare. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 87. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—15. : ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) “Spores .016—,022 (rarely .025) mm. long, .011—.014 mm. broad. Allied to L. Tornéensis, Nyl. K reveals the paraphyses as slender, somewhat irregular threads.” (Strtn.) me é . 157. L. Henrica, Larbal. white, tartareous, thin, continuous smooth, slightly rimulose, (K yellow C yellow); apothecia pale OF GREAT BRITAIN. 299 yellow-carneous, scattered, sessile, somewhat plane, with obtuse or obsolete margin, or convex, subimmarginate, (K—) ; hypothecium colourless, lateral excipulum pale, slightly dusky externally ; paya- physes distinct, thick, apices colourless ; spores 4—6 or 8, colour- less, oblong or ellipsoid or fusiformi-ellipsoid, sémple, small; gela- tina hymenea I blue then fulvescent. On rocks in mountain streams, very rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 563, Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Near Kylemore ! o. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) ‘* Spores .015—20 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad. Spermatia arcuate .018— a long, .0005 mm. broad. ” (Nyl.) Spores .01—.011 mm. long, .005 mm. roa tt Hypothecium dark. 158. L. contigua, Fr. greyish-white or even creamy, tartareous or thin, contiguous or areolate, areole plane, smooth or rugose, hypothallus black ; apothecia arising from the thallus, sessile, plane or conver, roughish, margin thick, prominent and obtuse ; hypothe- cium thick, blackish-brown ; thalamium white ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, lar ge, simple. forma limitata, Leight. bluish-grey, thin, contiguous, smooth, Limited by black hypothallus ; apothecia moderate, sessile, planet or plano-convex, with pale or blackish-brown pruina. On rocks, common. Syn :—L. contigua, a, a, Fries L. Eur. 298. in part (1881,) excl. syn. Exs :—Leight. 155. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 44. Groce. Distris :—Europe, Eastern Pyrenees, Bor. Prov: -1, 2, 3...5...7...10...18, 19...31. EncLanp :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Fairlight, Hastings; Leith Hill; Mon- mouth. Mr. W. Joshua. Lanbrough-rigg ! Cockshaw near Ayton ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Tors of Dartmoor; Exeter; Dartmouth, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Tiptree Heath, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Plymouth.’ Mr. "Holmes. Abdon Burt ! Haughmond Hill! Soudley Quarries ! near Hope Bowdler! Shropshire ; . Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. ScorLanD :—Garrynahine, Lewis ; Stennis, Orkney. Dr. Lindsay. TRELAND :—Near Cork! Mr, Carroll. Wates :—Penmaen-Mawr! Carnarvonshire ; between Corwen and Bala! Llyn-y-Cae! Cader Idris. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Common on all the Islands, Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .016—25 long, .008—.012 mm. broad.” (Myl.) “Spores .004— -00425 in, long, by .0015—.002 in. broad. Spermatia straight, cylindrical. ae (Mudd.) Spores .022—.U235 mm. long, .011—.012 mm. broad. forma platycarpa, Fr. greyish-white, diffuse, thin, at length evanescent ; apothecia very large, flat and expanded ; margin paler. On rocks, common. Syn :—Fries L. Eur. Pose (1831.) ek Peau 224, Fie :—Massal. Ric. 125. Ach. L. U. t. 2. £. 5. Exs :—Zw. 18. 424. New 141, Fellm. is) ‘186. Gzoc. Distris :—Germany, Pyrenees, Switzerland, E. Lapland, Italy, Hangar, France, N. Zealand. Bor. Prov :—5:..7...10...15...(19—30)...26. Enerann :—Ludlow. Mr. Joshua. Haughmond Hill! Abdon Burf! Long Mynd! Shropshire. Trevanp :—On Mountains. Mr. Carroll. Doughruagh Mountain ! co. mane Mr, Larbalestier 300 THE LICHEN-FLORA Wass :—Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Blozam. Pen-y-gwyrd! Snowdon; Eglwyseg rocks! near Llangollen; Crib Coch! NantGeynaat! Snowdon; Barmouth! Moel-y-Golfa! Drwsynant! Aran Mowddy! Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy! Geu Craig ! Cader Idris. Moel-y-gest ! “Spores .018—25 mm. long, .008—.012 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .016— .024 mm. long, .010—.013 mm. broad. forma steriza, Ach. similar generally to platycarpa but with convex apothecia. On rocks, common. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 174. Nyl. Scand. 224, Exs :—Anzi It. S. 288. Scher. 628. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 45. Mudd 179. Grog. Distrisp :—Sweden, E. Pyrenees, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—7...10...15...26. EncLanD :—Ayton ! Mr. Mudd. ScornanD :—Amulree! Perthshire. Dr. Lindsay. TrevanD :—Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth ! Aran Mowddy ! Eglwyseg rocks ! “© Spores .020—22 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .019 mm, Jong, .0105 mm. broad. forma hydrophila, Fr. milky or einerascent, very thin, smooth, continuous or rimose or dispersed ; apothecia tumid and convex, naked. On water-washed rocks, frequent. Syn :—Fries L. Eur. 301. (1831.) Grog. DistRiB :—Sweden, Bor. Prov :—7...19...26. TRELAND :—Near Cork. Jf. Carroll. Doughruagh Mountain ! co. Galway ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Nant Gwynant! Aran Mowddwy! Moel-y-gest! Spores .0195—.025 mm. long, .008—0095 mm. broad. forma leprosa, Leight. dirty-pale-brown, scurfy or leprose, in round patches, thin, minutely verrucose ; apothecia small, sub-concentric, sub-immersed, plane or convex, margin paler. On crumbly soft rocks and stones, common. Exs :—Leight. 156. Grog. DistTR1B :—France, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...8...10...19. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Penzance! Cornwall. Rev. 7. Salwey. Lanbraughrigg ! Guisbro’ Moor! Mr, Mudd. Chelmsford! Essex! Mr. Piggott. Congerstone ! Leicestershire. Rev. 4. Bloxam. Whitecliff Rocks, Ludlow. Mr. W. Joshua. Haughmond Hill! Steeraway Lime Rocks! Lyth Hill! Shropshire. TRELAND :—Ballinhassig ! Mc Gillicuddy’s Rocks ! Kerry ! Musheragh Mount, co. Cork! Mr. Carroll. Spores .0165—.019 mm. long, .0085 mm. broad. forma calcarea, Fr. creamy-white, tartareous, contiguous, smooth or rimulose or areolate, areole slightly convex ; apothecia rather small, appressed, plane or plano-convex. On rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :—Fries L. Eur. 302. (1831.) excl. syn. Exs :—Anzi Venet. 170. Scher. 471. Anzi It. S. 285. Anzi Langob, 158. Fellm. 183. Maudon 58. Arn. 410. Geog. Dtstris :—Switzerland, Pyrenees, Italy, E. Lapland, Lombardy, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—7...10...19. ENGLAND :—Banks of Tees near Middleton. Mr. Robertson. TRELAND oe Wood, Fermoy! near Cork! Mr. Carroll. WaALeEs :—Cwm Idwal ! Aran Mowddwy ! Manorbeer! Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! Llyn Aran! Cwm Clyd! Cwm Cywion! Crib Coch! Cwm Glas! pores .02 mm, long, .01 mm. broad. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 301 forma nobis. Fr.% pale-ashy-bluish-grey, very thick and tartareous, areolate, areole turgid and convex ; apothecia large, more or less convex and hemispherical, slightly pruinose, margin frequently paler. On mountain rocks, frequent. Syn :—Fries L. Eur. 301. (1831.) Exs :—Mudd 180. Arn, 192. Fellm. 185, Leight. 337. Grog. Distr1p :—Pyrenees, Italy, E. Lapland, Norway. Bor, Prov :—5...7...10...14. Encianp :—Cliffrigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Caer Caradoc! Laurence Hill! Wrekin! Pontesford Hill! Long Mynd and Bodbury Ring! near Church Stretton ! Shropshire. SoorLanD :—Pentland Hills! Dr. Greville. ‘Watzs ;—Aber! Diganwy ! Carnarvonshire ; Craig Breidden! Montgomery- shire ; between Llangollen and Corwen! Moel Siabod! Snowdon! Barmouth ! Aran Mowddwy! Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! Cader Idris ! Spores .019 mm, long, .015 mm. broad. forma Hofmanni, Leight. dirty-cream-colour , thick, tartareous, rimuloso-areolato-diffract, areole flattish ; apothecia large, sub- innate or sessile, flat or convex. On rocks rare. Syn :—Verrucaria contigua, Hoffm. Fl. Germ, 2, 184, (1798.) Fic :-—Hofim. PL Lich. t. 62. Grog. DistRiB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...7...19. ENneLanp :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. TRELAND :—Musheragh Mount! co. Cork, Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Cwm Idwal! Spores .02 mm. long, .011 mm. broad. forma flavicunda, Ach. rusty-red, thick, tartareous, areolate, areole flat ; apothecia large, appressed, black, flat or plano-convex, more or less albo-pruinose. On rocks, frequent. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 166. (1810.) Syn. 22. Nyl. Scand. 224. Fic :—Mass. Ric. fig. 143, Exs :—Zw. 16. 17. achen 186, Anzi Venet. 174. Gzoc. Drstr1B :—Italy, Pyrenees, Tyrol, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland. Bor. Prov :—5...7...15...26. Eno anp :—Titterstone Clee Hill! Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Brown Clee Hill! Shropshire. ScorLaND :—Loch-na-gar, ! Braemar; Amulree! Perthshire. Dr. Lindsay. WatEs :—Moel Eilio! Moel Hebog! Mr. Borrer. Liyn-y-Cae! Cader Idris! Barmouth! very summit of Snowdon! Moel Siabod! Penygwryd! Crib Coch! Nant Gwynant! Snowdon, Cwm Tryfaen! Cwm Bochlwyd! Cwm Ffynnon lloer! Llyn Cwlyd! ‘ Lenuaee :—Doughruagh Mountain! co. Galway. Erriff River! Mr. Lar- a rer. “ Spores .015—21 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (Wyi.) Spores .0215— .023 mm. long, .0115—.012 mm. broad. forma aggerata, Mudd. greyish-brown or grey, effuse, thin, sub- tartareous, granuloso-rimoso-areolate ; apothecia minute, numerous, aggregated, convex, immarginate ; hypothecium black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple. On rocks and walls, rare. Syn :—Maudd Man. 208. (1861.) Exs :—Mudd 175. Gxroc. Distris :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—3...7. .10. 302 THE LICHEN-FLORA - ENGLAND :—Lanbraugh-rigg and near Battersby!. Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1861,) Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. : Wa es :— Cwm Glas ! Snowdon, forma notabilis. Nyl. white or whitish, unequally minutely granu- lose or nearly leprose, sometimes dispersed, sometimes acervulate and then with an aspect almost of Stereocaulon condensatum ; apothecia somewhat prominent, plane (trachyloid ), opake, the margin scarcely distinct. : On rocks, rare. Syn :—Crombie in Seem. Journ. Bot. 8, 98. Nyl. Scand. 225. Bot. Prov :—15. Scornanp :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J, M. Crombie. ‘Spores .018—21 mm. long, .008—.010 mm broad.” (yl.) forma umbonata, Leight. cinerascent, thin, effuse; apothecia large and prominent as in /. platycarpa, plane or convex, centrally umbonate, margin thin, prominent, flexuose. On subalpine rocks, frequent. 1854. Bor. Prov :—5...7. ENGLAND :—Brown Clee Hill! Shropshire. (1854.) Wats :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Moel Siabod ! Moel-y-Golfa ! Spores .0215 mm. long, .011 mm. broad. forma metospora. Nyl. cinerascent, thin, areolato-rimulose ; apo- thecia black, moderate, plane, marginate, sligh'ly glauco-pruinose ; hypothecium smaller ; spores smaller. On subalpine rocks, not common. 1870. Syw :—Nyl. L. Scand. 225, Bor. Prov :--7...26. Geroc. Distrrp :—Finland, Bavaria, Pyrenees, N. Zealand. IRELAND :—Delphi, Killery Bay, Connemara. Mr. Lurbalestier. Wates :—Crib Coch ! Snowdon. (1870.) “ Spores .011—16 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (Myl.) Spores .015—17 mm. long, .001 mm. broad. forma pustulata, Leight. yellowish-grey,- areolato-rimulose’ nigricanti-limitate, areole plane with a central sorediate protuber- ance, some of which are enlarged into orbicular hemispherical subdepressed tubercules in which are imbedded a conglomeration of minute marginate black apothecia. On subalpine rocks, rare. 1866. Bor, Prov :—7. Wa es :—Cader Idris ! (1866.) Spores .02 mm. long, .01 mm. broad. 159. ZL. alumnula, Nyl. white, thin, in sublobatulate insular _ patches (K—); apothecia black, subinnate, plane, marginate, and often umbonate in the centre, internally concolorous ; paraphyses indistinct, apices fusco-nigricant ; hypothecium and excipulum fusco- nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple. Best developed on the thallus of Lecidea contiyua on rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876, p. 574. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND ;—Near Letterfrack, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) “ Spores .009—.012 mm, long, .005—6 mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then the thece subvinous.” (yl.) ’ OF GREAT BRITAIN. 303 160. LZ. tenebrans, Nyl. leaden-greyish or dark-leaden-coloured, smoothish, continuous, rimulose (medulla I partly bluish) ; apothecia black, large, scattered or aggregate, plane or subconvex, margin thin, prominent, eventually obliterated ; hypothecium thick, black ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large ; gelatina hymenea and thece I persistently intense-blue. On subalpine micaceous schistose rocks, rare. 1876, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 309, ae Prov iat . RELAND :—Genevebol! and summit of Doughruagh Mountain (180 Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) eae ee etl 161. L. albo-cerulescens, (Wulf.) glaucous or creamy-white, opake, continuous, smooth, (K— C—) ; apothecia closely appressed, plane, ccesio-pruinose, margin thinnish, entire, more or less flexuose 7 hypothecium thickish, dark-brown-black; spores 8, colourless, narrowly oblongo-elliptical, simple, large. On rocks in mountainous districts, not common. Syn :—Wulf. ap. Jacq. Coll. 2. 184. (1788,) Ach, Syn. 29. excl, ~ dy - tigua var. albo-cwrulescens, Nyl. Scand. 224. " ne Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 14. f. 2. Exs e 129. a ones It. a oe Gero. DistRip :—Germany, Italy, Pyrenees, Hungary, Austria, Swit; Bor. PROV :—1...3...7...10..96. ee EncuanD :—Gardrington, Torbay. Mr. Parfitt. Leith Hill, Surrey. Mr. W. Joshua. North Bovey, Devon. Messrs. Jones &: Kingston. IRELAND :—Kylemore ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Tanybwlch wood, Capel Curig ! Not to be confounded with L. cyanea, (Flk.) which is similar in external appearance, but has the apothecia white within and the epithecium when wetted becomes pallido-rufescent. The hypothecium is sometimes interrupted. sometimes continuous and variable in thickness. The size of the spores incline one to consider that it may be a variety of L. contigua. “Spores .022—28 mm. long, .010—12 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) .“ Spores .016— 25 mm. long, .007—10 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fries.) Spores .02—.0245 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad. Var. alpina, Scher. apothecia large, elevated, sessile, plane or tumid, ceesio-pruinose, margin thick, prominent, flexuose ; spores as in the type. On rocks, rare. Syn :—Scher. Enum. 119. (1850.) Spic. 143. Mudd Man. 211. Exs :—Zw, 129. A. Scher. 185. Anzi It. S. 283. Gzog. DistRrpB :—Switzerland, Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—31. CuHanneEL Isnanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. -. 162. LZ. confluens, (Webr.) dull-smoky-grey, tartareous, con- tinuous or areolato-rimulose, smooth or slightly rugulose, effuse or sub-determinate, (K— C—) ; hypothallus black ; apothecta nume- rous, crowded or scattered, large, confluent, appressed or adnate, margin thin, slightly prominent, flewuose ; disk plane, in _age convex, of full-opake-black, very smooth, soft and velvety ; hypo- ‘thecium dense, nigro-fuscous ; thalamium pale ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, small, half the size of those of LZ. contigua. , On mountain rocks, not frequent. Syn :—Web. Spicil. 180. (178.) Ach, Syn. 16. pro, p, Nyl. Scand, 225 304 THE LICHEN-FLORA “Spores .007—9 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. Spermogonia commonly ellipsoid, oblong or variously lirelleform, with a narrow nigricant rima. Sper- matia bacilliform, straight or slightly curved .007—12 mm. long. ” (7. M. Fries.) ‘* Spores .009—.015 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) forma levigata, Leight. thallus smooth, continuous, rimulose ; apothecia large, appressed, almost innate, simple, confluent by juxta- position, margin thin, prominent, entire or flexuose, paler than the epithecium. On mountains or subalpine rocks, not frequent. Fic ee Spic. t. 2. Hepp. Sporen t. 15. f. 125 ‘ i See . 463. lower specimen. Scher. 446, Hepp 125. Zw. 131, Anzi t. Geroc. Distr1B:—Switzerland, Hungary, Pyrenees, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...15. ENGLAND :—-Chudleigh Rocks, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. ScottanD :—Grampians. Rev. J. M, Crombie. Spores .01—.0115 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad. forma rimoso-areolata, Leight. thallus coarsely-imoso-areolate ; apothecia and spores as in f. lewgata. On subalpine rocks, not frequent. 1871. Fic :—Hoffm. PI. Lich. t. xix. f. 1. (excel. a. b. ¢. d.) Geroc. DistRIB :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—4, 7. Wates :—Cwm Tryfaen! Cwm Cywion! (1871.) Pen-y-rhiw! near Fish- guard, Pembrokeshire, forma complicata, Leight. thallus minutely rimulose ; apothecia very large, adnate, complicate or compound by excessive lateral pres- sure or confluence of many apothecia so as to render the epithecium reticulate by the prominent thin margins. On subalpine rocks, not frequent. 1871. Fic :—Hoffm, PL. Lich. t. xix. f. 1. a. b. ¢. Exs :—M. & N. 463. upper specimen. Bor. Prov :—7. Wates :—Glyder Vach! Cwm Idwal! Cwm Cywion ! (1871.) *: Spores .0115 mm. long, .0055 mm, broad. forma steriza, Leight. thallus evanescent, apothecia sessile. On subalpine rocks, not frequent. 1851. Exs :-— Scher. 228. Bor. Prov :—7. ann :-Craig Breidden ! Crib Coch! Snowdon. Diganwy! near Conway. Spores -0115 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. forma minor, Hoffm. thallus rimulose ; apothecia half the size of the type, plane or convex, more or less confluent. On subalpine rocks, not frequent. 1871. Syw :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. vol. a 88. (1790.) Fic :—Hoffm. 1 ec, t. xix. f. 1. d. Bor. Prov :—7. Wates :—Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Bloram. Aran Mowddwy! Cwm Bochlwyd! 871. e Bao .011—.012 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad. forma oxydata, Leight. thallus ferrugineo-ochraceous. On subalpine rocks, rare. 1875. * OF GREAT BRITAIN. 305 Gxoc, DistRIB :—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—26. TreLanp :—Banks of river Dawros! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) 163. LZ. sorediza, Nyl. cinerascent, smooth, areolato-rimulose, sprinkled with small rotundate plane soredic, nigricanti-limitate, (K—O—) ; hypothallus nigricant ; apothecia black, plane, margined ; epithecium cwsto-pruinase ; spores 8, large, colourless, fusiformi- ellipsoid ; epithecium fuscescent ; paraphyses moderate or thickish ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; gelatina hymenea I blue, even the thece. On rocks not common. Syn :—Nyl. Pyr. Or. B 38. DL. subconfluens, T. M. Fr. Lich. Scand. p. 487. L. albocerulescens, Mudd Man. p. 211. Fic :—Mass. Ric. p. 140. . Exs :—Mudd 181. Grog. Distrris :—Sweden, Norway, Finland, E. Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—10...26. ENGLAND :—Lanbraughrigg, ! Cleveland, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. IRELAND :—Glencorbot ! near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .016—22 mm. long, .007—-9 mm. broad ; in Mudd’s specimen .016—23 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad. Like Z. contigua, but differing in the sorediate thallus, thicker paraphyses, and different reaction with I.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores -014—21 mm. long, .006—12 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) ‘‘Spores .0035 in. long, .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd,) Spores .018 mm. long, .011 mm. broad. 164. ZL. consentiens, Nyl. whitish, continuous, moderate, smooth- ish, rémoso-diffract, (K—-C—) ; cephalodia pale ; apothecia black, in- nato-impressed, plane, obtusely margined ; hypothecium thin, blackish ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, large; paraphyses slender ; epithecium fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent then fulves- cent with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1866. Not unlike some state of Lecanora cinerea, (L). Sry aa ae in Flora 1866. p. 371. Leighton in Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. ee 1869. Crombie En. 80. ,Gzo¢. Distrip :—Hurope. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7...15. Enatanp :—Spout Valley ! Longmynd near Church Stretton, Shropshire. Scortanp :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. Wates :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris, Aran Mowddwy ! Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokesbire. “Spores ,026—38 mm. long, .015—22 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) ‘Spores .027—38 mm. long, .016—22 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .025 mm. long, .016 mm. broad. 165. L.umbonella, Nyl. whitish or pale-yellow, thin, determinate, in orbicular irregular patches, rimoso-deffract, smooth, (K yellow then red); apothecia black, small, innate, marginate, generally subgyrose or umbonate in the centre ; hypotheciwm fuscous or fusces- cent (the umbo and perithecium fusco-nigricant, as seen in a thin section) ; epithecium nearly colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellip- soid, simple ; paraphyses moderate ; gelatina hymenea bright-blue with iodine. On micaceo-schistose alpine rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1866, p. 372, Crombie En, 85, Grog, DistR1B :—Europe, Bot, Prov :—7...15. 306° THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorLanpD :—Morrone, Braemar ! Adm. Jones. Cairn Turc, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wa tes :—Twll Dt, Cwm Idwal! Cwm Ffynnon Lloer! ‘Systematically near L. gyrizans, Nyl. spermatia cylindrical straight. Spores -011—14 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .014 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. 166. L. melaphana, Nyl. nigricant, thin, opake, diffracto-un- equal; apothecia black, smallish, convex, immarginate, dusky within ; hypothecium slightly infuscate in lower portion; epithecium cerulescent ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple; thalamium cerulescent upwards ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent, then partly violet with iodine. On calcareous mountain rocks, rare. 1869. Sry :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 83. Crombie En. 84. Groce. DistrrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15, ScortanpD :—Craig Guie, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). “Naturally near L. aphanoides, but distinct by the black thallus, the infus- cate hypothecium, &c. approaching L. paraphana, Nyl. Spores .01i—13 mm. long, .0045—.0055 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) 167. JL. interjecta, Nyl. whitish or cinerascent, unequal, thin» rimoso-diffract, indeterminate (C red); apothecia black, moderate, plane, margined, dusky within; hypothecium fuscous ; epithecium nearly colourless or slightly lutescenti-fuscescent or dusky ; paraphyses slender, not well distinct ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent, then vinous-red with iodine. On sandstone rocks in sub-alpine places, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 418 ; Lapp. Or. 177. Crombie En. 81. Geroc. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5. EncLanD :—Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7’. Salwey. 1866. ‘Spores .010—12 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (yl) 168. LZ. nitescens, Leight. white, thin, continuous, minutely and irregularly rimulose, effuse, indeterminate, (K yellow, C yellow), often overspread, more or less, with a dark-brown alga ; apothecia numerous, small, planoconver, polished and shining, immarginate ; hypothecium very thick, black; paraphyses distinct, but conglu- tinate, apices pale ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or lineari-oblong, simple, moderate in size; gelatina hymenea I. fulvescent. On rocks. 1875. . Syn :—Leight. in Grevillea 4. 79. (1875). Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Salrock Road! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875). Spores .017 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. 169. L. subumbonata, Nyl. white, subopake, thin, unequal, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, opake, somewhat plane, wmbonate in. the centre, margined, internally concolorous ; hypothecium thick, nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct, apices fuscous; gelatina hymenea I blue, afterwards the thece vinoso-fulvo-rubescent. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1876. Syy :—NylL in Flora 1876. p. 236. Bor. Prov :—26. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 307 IRELAND :—Near Letterfrack ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). “* Belongs to the section of L. jurana, Scher. Spores .016—22 mm. long, .007 —9 mm. broad. C aeeagin cylindrical or obsoletely fusiformi-cylindrical .004 —7 mm. long, .0008 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .0175 mm. long, .009 mm broad. 170. ZL. contortula, Stirt. pale-cinerascent, or somewhat plumbeo- emerascent, thickish, rugosulose, rimoso-areolate, (K—C—) ; apo- thecia black, adnate, rather large, plane or somewhat convex, with a thick margin, umbonate or gyroso-plicate ; hypothecitum fuscous- black, fuscous upwards ; paraphyses moderate, distinct, fusco-api- culate ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or fusiformi-oblong, simple. On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 167. (1877). Bor. Prov :—16. Scortanp :—Near Salen, in Mull. Dr. Stirton. (1876). “Nearly allied, if not identical with LD. subumbonata, Nyl. Flora 1876, p, 236. Spores .015—.021 mm. long, .006—.0075 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red, especially the asci.” (Stirt.) 171. L. spodoplaca, Nyl. cinereous or ochraceous-brown or leaden-ochraceous, thin, smooth, rimulose or rimoso-diffract ; apothecia black, plane, prominent, margined, concolorous within ; epithecitum and hypothecitum brown ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea I bluish, then vinous-red. On siliceous rocks in a stream with JL. lacustris, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 567. L, baliola, Nyl. in Flora 1876, p. 308, Bor. Prov :—26. TreLanp :—Killery Bay, and Kylemore Lake, Connemara, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, “Spores .008—9 mm. long, .002—3 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) 172. L. mdigula, Nyl. white, thin, continuous, rugulose, (K— C—); apothecia nigricant, somewhat prominent, plane, margined, internally concolorous ; hypothecium thick, nigro-fuscous, ex- cipulum thin, colourless; paraphyses slender, distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, simple. On micaceo-schistose stone walls; very rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 563. Bor. Prov:—26. : TRELAND :—Glencorbot ! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). ‘I describe the hypothecium as I saw it in the only specimen, but Nylander Lc. says ‘‘ hypothecium rufescens parte supera ag Graton crassé nigrescente. latina hymenea I pale-blue then vinous-red. Spores .013—16 mm. long, eee sae bead” {yh,) Spores .017 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. : HHERKERS Thallus evanescent. + Hypothecium pale. 173. L. mutabdilis, Fee. evanescent ; apothecia rufo-fuscescent, small, scattered, sessile, plane, margin thin, entire ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, rotundo-oblong, simple, large. On trees, Myrica Gale,-rare. 1851. 308 .. THE LICHEN-FLORA Syn :—Fée Suppl. 105. (1837). Crombie Enum. 120. Mudd Man. 195. Fic :—Fée Suppl. t. 42. f. 16. Groc. DistrrB :—Central America, Mexico, Europe. Bor. Prov :—19...24...26...31. IRELAND :—Glencar, Kerry! Mount Shannon, Limerick; Lough Cooter, Galway; Killaloe, Clare, Blackwater Bridge, and Old Dromore, Kerry ; Castlebernard Park, Bandon; Mangerton. Mr. Carroll. CuanneL IsLanps :—Rosel, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. (1851). Wates :—Llyn Gwernan ! ‘Spores .003—.004 in. long by .002 in. broad. Spermatia acicular, more or less curved.” (Afudd.) Spores .0145—.016 mm. long, .01—.011 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue. 174. LZ. gelatinosa, (Flk.) eruginose, leproso-gelatinous, evanes cent; apothecia black, appressed, plane, immarginate, scattered, moderate, pale-brown within; hypothecium concolorous with the hymenium, lutescent; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea not coloured by iodine. On earth in sub-alpine places, not common. Syn :—Florke in Berl. Mag. 1809. p, 201: Scher. Enum. 187. Ach. Syn. 26. Nyl. Prod. 110. Mudd Man. 196. iia :—Hepp Sporen t. 57. f. 493. -Exs :—Scher. 205. Hepp 493. Zw. 82. M. & N. 843. Leight. 353. Groc. Distrie :—Switzerland, Germany, France. Bor. Prov :—2...5...10...19...23...26...30. ENGLAND :—Cliffrigg ! Guisbro’ Moor ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Blexhill! Mr. er, Stiperstones Hill! Shropshire. RELAND :—Kelley’s Glen and near Dublin ; Slemish Mountain co. Antrim. a A selon near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Lough Muck! Lough Feagh! Mr. roalestier. ' ; “Spores .0025 in. long by .00Lin. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .012—17 mm. long, .0045—.006 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) ‘‘ Spores .007—9 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fries.) Spores .014—.0145 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. _ 175. L. perobscura, Nyl. black, subopake,thin, or very th in, effuse; apothecia concolorous, or brownish-black, slightly convex, immarginate, greyish within ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, small ; paraphyses not discrete ; epithecium brownish-inspersed ; hypothe- cium colourless; gelatina hymenea I bluish. On old fir pales, rare. 1873. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 9. Bor. Prov ;—15, ScotLanD : —Near Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1873.) Allied to Z. uliginosa, but sufficiently separated by the above characters. Spores .006—8 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 176. L. subvernalis, Str. white, hypophleodal, very thin; apothecia pale-yellow, then bluish-black, ultimately fusco-nigricant, small and convex, pellucid within ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple, moderate ; paraphyses conglutinate ; gelatina hymenea I cerulescent, then violet or vinoso-violet. On old putrid woods, rare. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 33. (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. penedinasis, Germany, Switzerland, Italy. Bort. Prov :—2...5, EneLtanD ree tens ae Faleeworth | Mr. D. Turner. Stokesley ! York- shire. Mr. Mudd. Church Stretton! Lyth Hill! Shrewsbury! Worfield! Shropshire. WALES :~Knighton ! Radnorshire. CHANNEL IsLaAnDS :—Beauport! Mr. Larbalestier. forma pinicola, Ach, thin, brownish-grey, effuse, pulverulento- granulose. On pines, yew, mille frequent. . Syn :—Ach. Meth. ‘p. 66, Hook. Br. Fl. 176. Fic :—E. Bot. t. 1851. Hepp Sporen t. 6. f. 41. and 42. Exs aig 41. 42, Scher. 200. Mass, 265. Anzi Ital. Sup. 298. Zw. 194. 194 B. Nyl. Be 61. Mudd 190, Bohl. 124. Goce. DistRrs : :—Switzerland, Italy, Germany, France. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7, 8.. .10...20. Ee Lanp:—Sussex ! Mr. Borer. ‘Stokesley ! Yorkshire, Mr. Mudd. Twy- cross! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blowam. near Lewknor! Wheatfield Park! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Copthorn ! Loppington ! Shrewsbury ! IneLanp :—Carrigaloe! Great Island and Blarney ! Cork. Mr. Carroll. - Waes .—Bettws-y-coed ! forma quercicola, Rabh. thin, white efuse, slightly pulverulento- granulose, or evanescent, On oaks, rare. 1857. Syn :—Rabenhorst L. Europ. Exs. 832. Exs :~Rabh. 832. Grog. DISTRIB ae Bor. Prov :—5...7...31 Enaianp :—Worfield ! "Shropshire. Waxes :—Bettws-y-Coed ! between Corwen and Bala! (1857.) CHANNEL IsLANDS:—Maufant ! St. Saviour, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma saprophila, Ach. ecrustaceous, evanescent ; apothecia larger, plane, margined, scattered or aggregate, numerous. 326 THE LICHEN-FLORA 1 On subputrescent wood and stumps, probably not uncommon. 856. Syn :—Ach, L. Univ. p. 177. (1810.) Fie :—Mass. Ric. 165. Hepp Sporen t. 17. f. 150. Exs :—M. & N. 1328. Rabh. 729. Anzi It. S. 296. 300. 301. Hepp 150. Scher. 198. Richardson 144. 149. Grog. DisTRr1p :—Switzerland, Germany, N. America. Bor. Prov :—10...31. ENGLAND :—Farndale ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (1856.) CHANNEL ISLANDS :—St. Clement’s Bay! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. B. Saxicolar forms. forma areolata, Leight. cinerascent, thin, effuse, minutely rimoso- areolate, areole plane ; apothecia black, numerous, crowded, adnato- sessile, plane; margin slightly prominent, thickish and paler, eventually obliterated ; excipulum lateral, nigro-fuscous, short ; hypothecium central nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses distinct, coherent, apices very large, nigro-fuscous or nigricant ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate, small; gelatina hymenea I violet. Syn :—Leighton in Grevillea 5. p. 81. (1876.) Exs :—Scher. 447. Grog. Distrrs :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5, 6...26. ENeLanD :—Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. (1856.) IRELAND :—Ballinahinch ! base of onghreagh (east side)! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Goodwick Bay ! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Spores .012—.014 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. The thallus has no re- action with K or C, but when C is applied after being wet with K, a singular whitish effervescence ensues. forma leprosa, Leight. albido-cinerascent, areole dissolved into a leprose, pulverulent, effuse condition. Sry :—Leighton in Grevillea 5. p. 10. (1876,) Exs: —Fellm. 197. Zw. 127. Leight. 181. Mudd 189, Groc. Distr ;—E. Lapland, Germany. Bor. Prov :—5, 6 ..10...26. . EnGLanD :—Cliffrigg ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd, Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Kylemore Mountains! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Goodwick Bay ! Newport Road! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. forma ecrustacea, Leight. thallus nearly or quite evanescent and obliterated, leaving the numerous minute apothecia naked and prominent. Syn :—Leighton in Grevillea 5. p. 10. (1876.) Bor. Prov :—2...5, 6...10...20...26. EncLanp :—Ashington Common ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Cliffrigg ! Yorkshire. ee Mudd, Haughmond Hill! Sharpstones Hill! Lyth Hill! Longmynd! Iretanp :—Near Kilcully, Cork! Mr. Carroll. near village of Glencorbot! Doughruagh Mountain ! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. WALES :—Goodwick Bay! St. David’s! Pembrokeshire. Chapel Lawn! near Gaer Ditches, Radnorshire, . Intermediate states were often observable connecting the above forms. Externally f. ecrustacea resembles L. dispansa, Nyl., but the different spores prevent confusion. According to specimens received years ago from Mr. Borrer, as occurring with his true L. prominula, on flints on the Sussex Downs, this form would appear to be the lichen mentioned by him in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2687, as probably ‘‘true LZ. lygea, Ach.” It should be remembered that Mr. Borrer determined his lichens by external characters alone, the confirmatory character of the spores being at that time scarcely thought of. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 321 forma opegraphina, Leight. thallus obliterated : apothecta coacer- vate into gyrocarpous or opegraphine minute clusters. Syw :--Leighton in Grevillea 5. p. 10. (1876.) Leight. Br, Graph, p. 12. Fie :—Leight. Br. Graph, t. 5, f. 6. a. b. Bor. Prov :—6, 7. Wates :—Anglesea! Rev. Hugh Davies. North Cliff, Tenby! (1872.) Cwm Ffynnon Lloer! Nant Francon. 907. L. vernicoma, Tuck. viridi-stramincous, crustaceous, effuse, subtartareous, composed of minute granules, at length conglo- merated into a subrimose crust; apothecta black, rather small, appressed, nearly plane, with a thin erect evanescent margin. On stones and rocks. Syn :—Tuck. Enum. Lich. N. Amer. Suppl. 1. p. 429. (1858.) Geog. Distris :—N. America. Bor. Prov :—3l. : 2 Cuannet Istanps :—Fliquet Bay! and La Moye! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Specimens from the above localities, which I have seen, are evidently saxi- colar forms of L. myriocarpa. 208. L. nigritula, Nyl. cinerascent, minutely granulose, or pul- vereo-granulose, thin, indeterminate or evanescent, (K— C—) ; apo- thecia minute, opake, plane or sub-convex, black, margin thin, soon obliterated ; hypothectum fuscous or fuscescent, exctpulum late- ral, ngro-fuscous ; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid or oblong, 1-septate, minute; epispore thin. On trees, oak, pine, and wood, rare. 1861. Syn:—Nyl. in Bot. Notis. 1853. p. 99. Scand. 238. Mudd Man. 217, Fie :— opp Sporen t. 6. f. 43. Exs :—Nyl. 62. Zw. 126. Hepp 43. Anzi It. S. 293. Gsoa. Distris :—Paris, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...7...10. Encrianp:—New Forest, Hants. Adm. Jones. Farndale, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1861.) Seven Oaks, he Hill, Hythe, Kent! Mr. Holmes. Wates :—Trefriw ! Gimlet Rock! Pwlhelli (on grass), Dolgelley ! “Spores .007—11 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .006—10 mm. long, .002—4 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) “Spores .00175—.00225 i es .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Speres .006—9 mm. long, .002—3 mm. road. 209. L. coracina, Ach. nigricant or cinereo-nigricant, areolato- rimoso-diffract, areole small, plane or convex, smooth, (K yellow then red); hypothallus very black; apothecia produced from the hypothallus, small, innate or adpressed, very black, plane or convex, margin thin, entire; hypotheciwm: thick, black ; thalamium pellucid ; paraphyses coherent, apices nigricant; spores 8, - fusco-nigricant, ellipsoid, l-septate; gelatina hymenea intense- blue with iodine. On alpine rocks, rare. 1808. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 11. po. p. (1817.) Smmrf. Lapp. 142, Nyl.. Scand. 232, Z. atrata, Sm. E. Bot. 2335. Mudd Man. 215. Fie :—E. Bot. 2335. Mudd t. 4 p. 80. Exs :—M. & N. 462. Fellm. 193. Crombie 92, Arn. 633. Groa. Distris :—Norway, Lapland. Bot. Prov :—7...10...15. Encnanp :—Near Haseby, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Staveley. Mr. Martindale. ScoTLAND :—Head of Lochlee in Glen Esk, Angus. Mi. G. Don. (1808.) Cairngorm ! herb. Borrer. Morrone, Adm. Jones. Ww 322 THE LICHEN-FLORA Waters :—Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey. “Spores .012—17 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .011 —17 mm. long, .006—10 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) ‘‘Spores .003 to .0035 in. long by .0015 to .002 in. broad.” (Mfudd.) Spores .014—.0165 mm. long, -009 mm. broad. 210. L. sub-disciformis, Leight. dirty-yellowish-white, thin, minutely areolato-rimulose, plane, nigro-limitate, (K yellow then red); apothecia scattered, sessile, plane, blackish, more or less pruinose, margin thick, entire, paler; hypothecium black ; hymenium pale-brown ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate. On rocks, not common. 1851. Geroc. DistRiB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...7...26...31. EncianD :—Torquay ! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Lamorna! Cornwall. Rev. T. Salwey. IRELAND :—Salrack ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Sychnant! near Conway; Diganwy! near Conway! Conway Mountain ! Holyhead Mountain ! Crib Coch ! Snowdon. CHANNEL Istanps :—South side of Jerbourg! Mr. Larbalestier. Not to be confounded with LZ. saxorum, Mass, or L. disciformis, Fr. which have a different chemical reaction and other characteristics. Paraphyses dis- tinct. Spores .012—.019 mm. long, .007—.008 mm. broad. Var. metosperma, Nyl. similar to the type, but with apothecia often cesio-pruinose, and smaller spores. (K yellow then red.) On rocks, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 478. Crombie. En. 88. Groce, Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jerbourg, Guernsey; Coast of Sark; Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “* Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .01—.011 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. 211. L. succedens, Nyl. whitish, thin, granulate, unequal or sub-areolate ; apothecia fuscous-black, moderate, margined, colour- less within ; hypothecium fuscous or rubricoso-fuscous; spores 8, nigrescent, ellipsoid, simple or l-septate, epispore thin ; paraphyses moderate, articulate, apex thickened, fuscous or fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea cerulescent, then vinous-red with iodine. On alpine micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—NyL in Flora 1866. p, 372. Crombie En. 89. Geroc. DisTars :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanp :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. 1866. Compare L. secedens, Nyl. Systematically near L. nigritula, Nyl. Spores -011—14 mm. long, .0045—.0055 mm. broad. 212. LZ. Hookerti, (Borr.) white or pale-yellow, consisting of appressed or plicato-rugose squame, somewhat farinose, effigurate at the circumference, (K faint yellow C faint yellow) ; apothecia small, black, plane ; hypothecium black ; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid, 1-septate. On earth on alpine rocks, rare. 1808. Srv :—Nyl. Prodr. 139. Geroc. DisTRIB :—Italy, Helvetia, Pyrenees, Bor. Prov :—15. ScotTLayD :—Ben Lawers! Messrs. Hooker &: Borrer. (1808) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 323 Imbedded in the thallusis a minute Spheria Hookerii, Ny]. (Dacampia, Mass.) with ellipsoid 3-5-septate fuscous spores; see Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 27. £. 5, Verrucaria, Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. 2622. f, 2. 213. L. precavenda, Nyl. thallus obscure, thin, scarcely visible ; apothecia black, plane or somewhat concave, margined, small ; hypothectum somewhat reddish-brown, above more intense in colour ; epithecium obscurely amber-brown ; spores 8, faintly blackish, elliptical, 1-septate; paraphyses slender; gelatina hymenea blue then vinous-red with iodine. On decaying holly, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Crombie in Seeman Journ. Bot. 7. 232. (1869.) Enum. 88. Gxocg. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2. EncuLanpD :—Near Lyndhurst in New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). Distinct from L.myriocarpa, DC. by the form of the paraphyses and reaction with iodine, and from L. adpressa, Hepp, by the paraphyses and colour of spores and hypothecium. 214. L. deludens, Nyl. whitish, firm, thin, rimose, (K pale- yellowish), surrounded by a very thin, black hypothallus; apothecsia black, innate, circumcised, plane, obtusely margined, concolorous within; hypothecium brown, spores 8, fuscous, l-septate ; paraphyses discrete, regular, moderate, clavate, brownish ; gelatina hymenea I intensely-blue. On weathered quartzose stones in alpine regions. 1871. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289—300. Bor. Prov :—15. wa :—Summit of Cairn Gowar, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Allied to L. colludens, Nyl. Spores .022—27 mm. long, .008—13 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 215. ZL. hyperiza, Strn. cinerascent or plumbeo-cinerascent, thin, smooth, continuous, obscurely limited, (K—-C—) ; apothecia black, sessile, plane or somewhat convex, rather large, margin obtuse, internally cinerascent ; hypothecium fuscescent, grumous ; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid, 1-septate, very often with 3 or 4 nuclei, rather large; paraphyses distinct, slender, often articulate, apices branched, interspersed with numerous granules; gelatina hymenea I intensely-blue, almost black. On smooth bark of trees. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 35 (1874). Bor. Prov :—15: ScorLanD :—near Killin, Perth. Dr. Stirton. (1874). Spores .016—.022 mm. long, .009—.012 mm. broad. (Strtn.) 216. LZ. excelsa, Leight. white, thin, effuse, areolato-rimose, areole plane and flat, somewhat shining, (K yellow C' yellow) ; apothecia black, or violet-black, small, innate or innato-sessile, plane or somewhat concave, margin thickish, prominent ; hypo- thecium nigro-fuscous; paraphyses indistinct, apices nigro- fuscous, incrassate, I dirty-blue; spores 8, fuiigineo-fuscous, oblong, 1-septate, small. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1875. Syn :—Leighton in Grevillea 4. p. 78. (1876). Bor. Prov :—26. 324 ‘THE LICHEN-FLORA RELAND :—Summit of Kylemore Mountains! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875). Spores .0155—.0165 mm. long, .C07 mm. broad. 217. ZL. impressula, Leight. albido-cinerascent, thin, filmy, rimulose, nigro-limitate, (K yellow then red); apothecia black, minute, punctiform, numerous, crowded into small groupes of 3 or 4 or more, impressed or sunken in the thallus, each sunken apothecium circumscissed so as to appear surrounded by a thin thalline margin; hypothecium thin, nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses indistinct, apices colourless; hymenium tinged with brown ; spores 8, fuscous, rotundo-oblong, 1-septate, more or less constricted in the middle. On bluish-grey slates, rare. 1876. Syw :—Linnean Trans. 2d ser. vol. 1. p. 237. ¥ic :—Linn. Trans. 1. c. tab. 32. f. 1 and 2. Bot. Prov :—6, 7. Waters :—Llanachar Bridge! and Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire (1876). Festiniog Road near Dolgelley ! near Tremadoc! Gelatina hymenea I dirty-blue. Spores .014—.0145 mm. long, .009 mm. broad. Several plants grow on the same stone, and by the union of their dark hypothallus map out the surface as in L. geographica. Allied to L. stellulata, Tayl. but distinct by the thin filmy nigro-limitate thallus, larger spores, 1-3rd larger, and the singularly impressed apothecia. 218. LZ. ryssolea, Leight. albido-cinerascent, thick, tartareous, diffracto-areolate, areole plane or subplano-convex, irregularly wrinkled, nigro-limitate, (K yellow then red); apothecia nigro- fuscous, opake, rusty, large, prominent, and sessile, numerous, margin thick, paler, entire or fle ose ; hypothecium very thick, Fusco-nigricant ; hymenium thin, brownish, paraphyses indistinct, apices thickened, nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate, small. On Cambrian rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Linnean Trans, 2nd ser. vol, 1. p. 237. Fic :—Linn. Trans. 1. c, t. 32. f. 5 and 6. Bor. Prov :—6. Wa tes :—Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire (Sept. 1876.) Spores .016—.017 mm. long, .007—.008 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I pale-dirty-blue. Medulla I—. ** Hynothecium colourless. 919. JL. atroalbella, Nyl. griseo-pallescent or fusco-griseous or cinereo-fuscescent, areolato-rimoso-diffract, areole small, plane, smooth, (K yellow then red) ; hypothallus nigro-fuscous ; apothecia innate in the areole, plane, margined ; hypothecium colourless ; spores &, fuscous, ellipsoid, 1-septate. On quartzose and schistose rocks, frequent. Syn :—Nyl. Obs. Holm. 2. 11. (1853.) Mudd Man. 214. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 5. f. 31. t. 61. f. 529. Exs : —Hepp 31. 529. Mudd. 185. Leight. 184. Geroc. Distrip :—Germany, Pyrenees, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—5...10...19. Encianp :—Near Easby! Battersea Bank! Lanbraugh Rigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Haughmond Hill! Lyth Hill! Bodbury Ring! near Church Stret- ton, Shropshire. Inevanp :—Kilcurry ! near Cork. Mr. Carroll. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 325 ‘Spores .012—13 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad. Spores .010—18 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (yl.) “Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, .00125 to .00175 in. broad.” (Afudd.) Spores .013 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. 220. L. alocizoides, Leight. cinereo-albescent, tartareo-pulveru- lent, almost evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia scattered, at first punctiform, immersed, then emerso-adnate, plane, fuscous-black, when moistened paler badio-fuscous, margin paler; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, fuscous, rotundo-oblong, 1-septate. On calcareous rocks, 1851. Sry -—L. alociza, Leight. Lich. Fl. 2d. ed. 310. Exs :—Arn. 263. 264, Grog. Distris :—Italy, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...20. EncLanD :—Buxton! Derbyshire. Dr. Holl. Torquay! Dr, Deakin. Weston- super-mare! My. Joshua. Llanymynech Hill! IRELAND :—Carigaloe, Goat Island! Mr. Carroll. Wates :—~Eglwyseg rocks ! Craig Breidden! Diganwy near Conway ! (1851.) Llandudno ! Not Z. alociza, Mass. Synm. 42, which is there described as having ‘¢ diaphanous” or colourless spores. Paraphyses distinct, apices dark-brown. Spores .015—.016 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad. Epispore narrow. 221. DL. leucoclinella, Nyl. white, cream-coloured or cinereous, tartareous, dif'racto-areolato-verrucose, (K yellow C red); apothecia appressed to the areole, or subinnato-sessile, black, plane, sub- immarginate ; hypothecuum colourless; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, l-septate. On quartzose and schistose rocks, not common. Syw :—Nyl. in litt. 1870. Eixs :—Leight. 217 (in part). Geoc. Distrip :—Italy, Germany. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...26. EveianD :—Shanklin! Isle of Wight. Rev. 7. Salwey. Lyth Hill! Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Clifden! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. Watess :—Diganwy ! near Conway. ‘ Sot often nucleolate, epispore distinct, .013—.0145 mm. long, .008—9 mm, road. 222. LZ. occulta, (Korb.) padlido-lutescent, effuse, adnate, thin, minutely areolate, areole somewhat conven or ruguloso-glebulose ; hypothallus dark ; apothecia nigro-fuscous, very minute, adnate, at first margined by the thallus, eventually free and somewhat convex, proper margin more or less visible ; epithecium fuscous ; hypothecrum lutescent ; paraphyses indistinct ; spores 8,. fuscous, small, oblong, 1-septate; thallus tinged yellow with K and on immediate subsequent application of C still yellow, but soon obliterated (K y C—). On rocks, sparingly. 1872. Syn :—Korb. Par. 186, (1865.) Leight. in Grevillea 1. p. 58, (1872.) Fic :—Grevillea t. 4. f. 6. Exs :—Leight. 217. (in part). Gsoe. Disrris :—Germany, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—5...7. Eweanp :—Lyth Hill! Shropshire. Wates :—Diganwy near Conway! Bettws-y-coed ! (1872.) Moel-y-gest ! Spores .015—.0155 mm. long, .0975—.008 mm. broad. 223. L, discolor, (Hepp.) pale-cinereo-brownish, thin, tar- 326 THE LICHEN-FLORA tareous, minutely areolato-rimuluse or almost continuous, areole plane, subverruculose, limited by a more or less conspicuous darkish-brown hypothallus (K y C y); apothecta blackish-brown, minute, numerous, adnate or subinnato-sessile, plane, margin thickish, persistent, more or less flexuose ; hypothecium colour- less; paraphyses distinct, apices fuscous; spores 8, fuscous, 1-septate-oblong, cell, nucleolate, epispore distinct. On rocks, chalks, flints, &c., not uncommon. 1842. Syn :—Hepp Eas. 319. 320. Lecanora discolorans, Nyl. in Flora 1868 p. 347. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 35 f. 319. 320. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 193. 195. Geoc. Distr :—Italy, Hungary. Bort. Prov :—1, 2...12...20. ENGLAND :—Sussex Downs! Mr. Borrer, (1842). Penzance! Rev. J. Salwey, Torquay! Dr. Deakin. between Inge and Staveley! Mr. Martindale, East- bourne! Mv. Roper. IRELAND :—Whitepoint ! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Spores .019—.021 mm. long, .01—,.011 mm. broad. 224. JL. interpolata, Stirt. fuscous or nigro-fuscous or black, minutely squamuloso-areolate, areole appressed, contiguous or dis- persed, determinate ; hypothallus black ; apothecia black, small, adnate, plane, margined; hypothectum colourless; paraphyses slender, not well discrete, apices fuscous-black, clavate, con- glutinate; asci saccate ; spores 8, wirescent or fuscuus, ellipsoid, l-septate, binucleate, nuclei rather large, generally virescent and sometimes conjoined by a tube. On rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist 4. 165. (1877). Bor. Prov :—16. ScotLanD :—Near Garve. Dr. Stirton. (1877). a hymenea I blue then dark-violet, the asci vinoso-fulvescent.” tint. D. Spores 1-septate, colourless. * Hypothecium dark. 225. L. lutosa, (Mont.) dirty-ochraceous, tartareous, rimoso- areolate, areole plane, sometimes lobulate, (K—C—); apo:hecia black within and without, at first innate and immarginate, then appressed, plane, margin thin, prominent, entire; hypothecium black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate, small. On mountuin rocks, rare. Syw :—Montagne M.S. in Scher. En. 116. (1850). Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 59. f. 506. Exs :—Scher. 579, Zw. 348. Anzi Langob. 360. Hep 506. Groce. Distr :—Pyrenees, Germany, Switzerland. br Bor. Prov :—1...5.. 710, : - pm UREN RATA: Eycianp:—Thirsk, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Starcross! Di hire ! Parfitt. Lianymynech Hill! Shropshire. eee Wates :—Cader Idris! north-west. Spores .01—.012 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Paraph distinct, api incrassate, nigricant. Excipulum black, hypothecium hewabe saan 226. L. chalybeia, Borr. cinereo-fuscescent or leaden-black, thin, slightly tartareous, minutely cracked, (K—C—); apothecia OF GREAT BRITAIN, , 3827 minute, superficial, scattered, black, plane, margin entire, slightly elevated; hypothecium nigro-fuscous, thickish ; lateral excipulum bluish-black ; paraphyses distinct, apices nigricant; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, 1-septate, small. On rocks, tiles, flints, &c., not uncommon. 1881. Syy :—Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. 2687. Nyl. Prodr. 136. Mudd Man. 180. Fie :—E, Bot. Suppl 2687 £. 2. Hepp Sporen t. 4. £. 18. & t, 58. f. 498. Exs :—Nyl. 139. Hepp 13. 498. Anzi Langob. 448, Groce. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6, 7...10...19...26...31. EncGuanp ;—Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. 1831.) Ayton ! Cleveland ; near Rievaulx, Bilsdale, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. near Brighton ; Laneast Down, Cornwall. Dr. Holl, Wrekin! Pontesford Hill! Haughmond Till! Shropshire, ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers and Craig Guie. Rev. J, M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor. Whitepoint! near Cork ; Blackwater ; Blackstone Bridge; Mr. Carroll. Kylemore! Dawros Bridge! Glencorbot ; Lettermore, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Waters :—Abergwynant! Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. Trefriw falls! CuanwEL Istanps :—Bonne Nuit; Rozel Valley! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘*Spermogonia minute, punctiform, semi-immersed. Spermatia ellipsoid, short .0005 in. long, by .0001 in. broad. Spores .002 to, 0025 in. long, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .007—-.010 mm. long, .0025—.003 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .007—.012 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad. forma ecrustacea, Leight. thallus evanescent and obliterated. Wates :— Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. (1876). 227. L. umbrinella, Nyl. uwmbrine-brown, thin, subrugulose, rimulose ; apothecia black, somewhat prominent, plane, submargined, whitish within; epithectum and hypothecitum brown; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, simple or 1-septate; paraphyses with brown clavate apices; gelatina hymenea I bluish then vinous-reddish. On micaceous rocks, rare. 1876. Srv :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 309. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Dawros river, Connemara. M1. Larbalestier. (1876). ‘* Spores .008—.014 mm. long, .002—3 mm, broad. Nearest to L. prominula Borr. but with thinner thallus and different reaction with iodine.” (yl. ) 228. L. applanata, (Fr.) griseo-pallescent, thin, disperso- areolate, areole plano-convex, depressed, (K brownish C brownish) ; hypothallus nigricant predominating ; apothecia black, plane, innato-sessile, margin thick; hypothecium black; paraphyses conglutinate, apices clavate, fusco-nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate. On quartzose and schistose rocks, not common. 1856, Syn :—Fr. 8. V. Sc. p. 116. (1846). Z. atroalba var. chlorospora, Nyl. Lich. Holm. 1. in Bot. Notis, 1853. p. 6. Scand. 233. L. colludens, Nyl. in Flora 1870, p. 38. Leight. L. Fl. 2d ed. 314. . Exs :—lr. L. Su. 382 C. (fide T. M. Fries, L. Scand. 618). Arn. 232, Grog. DisTRrB :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...15...26. ScorLanD :—Killin ! Breadalbane. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ben Lawers! Dr. Stirton. Wats :—Barmouth ! Cwm Glas ! Snowdon ; Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris ; Pen Cow! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire ; Towyn! Holyhead! IRELAND :—Kylemore ! Salrock Road ! co. eevee Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .018—27 mm. long. .009--.014 mm. broad.” (Myl.) ‘*Spores .016 —29 mm, long, .006—13 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Gelatina hymenea I dark- blue, Spores .026 mm. long, .011 mm, broad, colourless, sometimes fuscescent, 328 THE LICHEN-FLORA _ 229. L. atroalbicans, Nyl. whitish, granulato-areolate, thin, tar- _tareous, effuse, areole minute, more or less scattered, convex or plane, (K—C—); apothecia black, small, innato-sessile, plane, margined; hypothecium nigro-fuscous; paraphyses distinct, coherent, apices nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, broadly-oblony, 1-septate, epispore distinct. On. rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1875. p. 363. Exs:—Arn. 559. ¢, Bor. Prov :—26. 5 ( a :—Ruins at Cleghan! Lettermore! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier, 1876), r Gelatina hymenea I pale-blue then darkly-fuscescent. Spores .021—.0245 mm. long, .01—.012 mm, broad, 230. LL. alpicola, (Scher.) like L. geographica, but with spores colourless, 1-septate. On alpine whinstone rocks, very rare. 1869. Syn :—L. geographica_var. alpicola, Scher. Spic. 124. (1833.) Nyl. Prodr. 143. Crombie in Seem. Journ. Bot. 8. 99. Exs :—Scher. 173. Hepp 151. Groc, DistR1B :—Switzerland, France, Pyrenees, Sweden, Asia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanpD :—Summit of Ben Nevis. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869). 231. L. grossa, (Pers.) cinerascent or cinereo-virescent or cinereo-albicant, thin, continuous or rimose, unequal, indeter- ‘minate, (K—-C—); apothecia large, scattered, sessile, plane, black, disk minutely papillate, margin thickish, more or less flexuose and polished; excipulum lateral, thick, internally and externally bluish-black ‘with a central paler stratum, hypothecium black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoid, 1-septate, very large. On trees, elm, ash, oak, not uncommon. Syn:—Persoon in Herb. Mougeot fide Nyl. Prodr. 189. Nyl. Scand. 239. Lecidea premnea, Fr. L. 8. Exs. 26. Lecidea leucoplaca, Chev. F'l. Paris. 1. 572. Mudd Man. 181. * Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 73. f. 647. Exs :—Fries L. 8. 26. fide Nyl. Hepp 647. Mudd 147. Leight. 125. Rabh. 869. Zw. 423. Nyl. 66. Arn. 436. Geoc. DisTrip :—Europe, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Germany, America, Australia. : Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5, 6, 7...10, 11...13...15...19, 20...24...26...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Airyholme Wood! Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Afudd. Torquay ! Devon. Dr. Deakin. The Lodge! near Ludlow, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Durham! Rev. J, Harriman. near Malvern ; near Newton Bushell ; near Shanklin. Dr. Holl. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Paryitt. Rivenhall, Essex. Afr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. South Cerney near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua, Abdon ! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Invercauld! Braemar. Dr. Lindsay. Glencoe! Mr. Borrer. Crummach! Ayrshire. M7s, Dobie. Kenmore, Perthshire. Dr, Holl. Braemar ! Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ~~ IRELAND :—Derriquin! co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Blarney, Cork; Killarney, Kerry ; and Dromoland, Clare ; Loughcooter, Galway. fr. Carroll, near Bel- ‘fast. Mr. Templeton. Castletaylor, Galway. Dr. Moore. Curraghmore, Water- ford. Adm. Jones. Lord Sligo’s demesne, Westport ! co. Mayo. Mr. Larbalestier. Waters :—Hendreforion! near Barmouth. Rev. T. Salwey, Fronfraith Aberystwith. Miss Attwood. Llanbedrog ! . CuanneL Istanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .024—.03 mm. long, .012—19 mm. broad, Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. Spermatia oblongo-ellipsoid .002—3 mm, long, ,001 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .02--.03 mm. long, .008—18 mm. broad.” (T. a, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 329 Fries.) ‘Spores .006—7 in. long by .003 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Paraphyses slender, conglutinate, apices fuliginous. Spores .022—.027 mm. long, ,013— -0145 mm. broad ; epispore thick. 232. L. Laureri, (Hepp) whitish, very thin, smooth, contiguous or rimulose, (K yellow C—); apothecia violet-black, moderate, numerous, solitary or confluent, plane or plano-convex, sessile, margin thin, pale, soon obliterated, internally dusky ; hymenium violet-black ; hypothecium reddish-violet-black ; excipulum pale, not black or black-purple ; paraphyses coherent, apices fuligineo- nigricant; gel. hym. I blue then darkly discoloured ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoid, 1-septate. On trees, rare. 1869. Syn :—Catillaria Laureri, Hepp in Arn. Exs. 353. (1867). T. M. Fries L, Scand, 582. Lecidea intermixta, Nyl. Scand. 194. (exel. var.) Leight. L. Fl. 2nd ed, 314. Crombie En. 64. Exs :—Arn. 353. Rabh. 804. Zw. 397. Grog. DistTRIB :—Sweden, Denmark. Bor. Prov :—2...31. ENGLAND :—New Forest ! near Lyndhurst, and Ringwood, Hants. Rev. J. M, Crombie. (1869). ~ © Spores .012—17 mm. long, .006—.0075 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .016 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. Apothecia when moistened dark, from the dark hypothecium, which, as well as other characters, distinguish it from L. atropurpurea, Scher., with which it is apt to be confounded. 233. L. contristans, Nyl. fuscous or fusco-nigricant, thin, granu- lose ; apothecia black, somewhat convex, immarginate, dusky within ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblong, 1-septate ; paraphyses indistinct ; epithecium nigricant ; hypothecium dusky, gelatina hymenea cerulescent, then dusky-yellow with iodine, On mosses in alpine localities, rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 354. Crombie En, 72. Gzoc. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScornanpD :—Near summit of Ben Lawers. Mr. Carroll. (1864.) ‘Systematically near L. melena, Nyl. Spores ,010—14 mm. long, .0045— .0065 mm. broad.” (Myi.) 234. L. Templetont, Tayl. greyish-white, thin, effuse, granulose, (K—C—) ; apothecia moderate, more or less crowded, sessile, black, slightly polished, plane, with a thin entire or flexuose margin ; hypothecicum thick, brownish-black ; paraphyses conglutinate, rich- yellow-brown, apices darker ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ob- tusely fusiformi-oblong, 1-septate. On mosses, rare. 1836. Syn :—Tayl. Fl Hib. 2. 123, (1836.) Mudd Man. 189, Grog. DistRiB :—Europ e. Bor. Prov :—5...7.-.11...15...19...29, 30. Enceuanp :—Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. 7’. Salwey. Teesdale ! Rev. J. Harri- man. ScotLaND :—Ben Lawers, Adm. Jones. TRELAND :—Near Belfast! Mr. Templeton. near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. North of Ireland. Adm. Jones. Lisburn. Dr. Dickie. Wats :—Twll Dt, Cwm Idwal! Cwm Tryfaen! Cwm Bochlwyd! Glyder Vach! “Spores .003—.004 in. long by .001 in. broad.” (Afudd.) Spores .013— .025 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. : 285. L. anomaloides, Nyl. whitish, thin, granulose or evanescent ; 330 THE LICHEN-FLORA apothecia fusco-nigricant or fusco-pallescent or black, small, sub-con- vex, immarginate ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate. On schistose earth in mountainous districts, rare. 186C. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1862. p. 464. Crombie En, 70. Geroc. DistRIB :— France, Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—(forma denigrans, Ny]. in. litt.) Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1860). 236. L. candida, (Web.) white, squamalose, squame szwollen, lobato-plicate, congested and imbricate in the centre, lobed at the circumference, densely albo-granulato-farinose,(K—C—) ; apothecia appressed, black, ccesio-pruznose, plane or somewhat convex, margin thickish, entire, flexuose ; hypothecium reddish-brown ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, obtuse, 1-septate. On the earth among alpine rocks, rare. = :—Weber Spicil. 193. (1778.) Ach. Syn. 50. NyL Scand. 215. Mudd Man, Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t, 38. £. 2, Hepp Sporen t. 15. £. 124, Oa :—Hepp 124. Zw. 347. Anzi It. 8S. 244. M. & N. 642. Mass, 308, Scher. 167 Groce. DisTR1B :—Europe, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, Hungary, Africa, America. Bor. Prov :—1...7...15. ENGLAND :—Anstey’s Cove, Torquay. Mr. Holmes. ScoTLanp :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones d&: Crombie. WaAteEs :—Great Orme’s Head! Carnarvonshire, A section of the apothecium shows the hymenium to rest on a pale-reddish- brown dense hypothecium, which is subtended by a horny striated paler exci- ulum, externally marked with a thin dark-brown line. By this and the ifferent chemical reaction at all times distinguishable from L. ceruleonigricans. ‘Spores .004—.005 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .016 —23 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘‘Spores .016—24 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue, especially the apices of ihe acl, then vinous-red.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .022 mm. long, .004 mm, road, 237. L. cceruleonigricans, (Lightf.) glaucous or ceeruleo-nigri- cant or pallido-olivaceo-fuscescent, squamulose, squame bullate or bullato-plicate in the centre, rotundato-lobate at the circumference, smooth, cesio-pruinose, (K dirty-brown) ; apothecia elevated, sessile, bluish-black, naked or cesto-pruinose, plane, margin thick, obtuse, entire or flexuose ; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, acute, 1-septate. On the earth among maritime calcareous rocks, frequent. 1772. Syn :—Lightf. Scot. 805. (1777). L. vesicularis, Hffm. Pl. Lich. 2. 30. Ach. Syn. 51. Nyl. Scand. 214. Mudd Man. 173. Leight. Lich. FL 2nd ed. 313. Fic :—Hffm. Pl. Lich. t. 32. f. 3. E. Bot. 1189. Exs :—Anzi It. S. 241. (in part) 242. Larbal, 34, Mass, 274. 275. Mudd 143. M. & N. 172. Scher. 168. Bohl. 67. Groce. Distris :—Portugal, Algeria, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, Pyrenees, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Arctic America, Cape Horn, Asia. oT. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...7, 8...10, 11, 12...15...19 . 23...29, 30, 3L. ENGLAND :—Near Buxton; near Torquay ; Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Westleigh! Devon. Mr. Paryitt. Cambridgeshire. Rev. Mr. Hemsted. Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Westmoreland. Mr, Brunton. near Bristol. Miss Attwood. Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire. Afr. Hailstone. Malham. Dr. Car- rington. near Babbicombe. Adm. Jones. Hurstpierpoint. Mr. Hemmings. Oswestry ! Se Rev. T. Salwey. Bray Hill, St. Minver near Padstow! Mr. Tellam. Folkestone, near Sibertswold, near Waldershare Park, Dover. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 331 Mr. Holmes. South Cerney near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Yewbarrow Hill Grange, Lancashire. Miss Attwood. Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Highlands. Rev. J. Lightfoot, (1772.) Ben Lawers. Dr. Hoil. Craig Guie! Appin! Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—North Wall, Dublin. Mr. Brown. near Baldoyle. Dr. Taylor. near Cork and Middleton. Mx. Carroll. North of Ireland. Dr. Moore. Wates :—Puffin Island, Anglesea. Rev. A. Bloxam. Great Orme’s Head! Eglwyseg rocks ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Quenvais! Jersey! Cobo, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0083—,0035 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .018 —30 mm. long, .002—4 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .014—25 mm. long, .002—4 mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. Spermatia filiform, arcuate.” (7. M. Fries.) A section of the apothecium shows the hymenium to rest on a nigro-fuscous hypothecium, subtended by a pale mass, with aa external thickish nigro-fuscous excipulum. Spores .0145 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. ** Hypothecium colourless. t Apothecia black. 238. L. sub-nigrata, Nyl. cinereo-nigricant, furfuraceo-diffract, granulose, (K--C—) ; apothecia fuscous-black, convex, immarginate, generally conglomerate, internally colourless ; hypothecium colour- less ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, l-septate, small ; paraphyses indistinct. On alpine rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 370. Gxoc. Distr1B :— Europe. Bor, Prov .—5...7...11...15, EneianD :—Force Garth, Teesdale. Dr. Holl. Bathampton! Afr. Joshua. Abdon Burf! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Ben Lawers; Crainlarick. Dr, Holl. Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—North side of Cader Idris! (1866.) Crib Coch! Snowdon! Aran Mowddwy! ; “Vix separanda a L. denigrata,” Nyl. ‘Spores .009—.011 mm. long,.004—5 mm. broad, Epithecium darkly lutescent.” (Nyl,} Spores .010—.013 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 239. L. subviridis, Nyl. greenish or dusky-dark-green, thin, continuous, granulato-rugulose, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, minute, scattered, sessile, distinctly marguned ; hypothecium colourless, lateral excipulum brownish ; epithecium plane, brown ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oviform, 1-septate ; paraphyses moderate, apices rather large, roundish, dark-brown ; gelatina hymenea bluish, then tawny- red with iodine. On siliceous stones. 1878. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289. 300. Bor. Prov :—3l. CHANNEL IsLanpDs :—Noirmont Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier, ‘Belongs probably to the section of ZL. arthoniza, Spores .011—16 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) Spores .009—.010 mm. long, .003—4 mm, broad. 240. L. melastigma, Tayl. reddish-black, thin, continuous, minu- tely granulato-areolate, hypothallus predominating, areole greenish when wet, (K—C—); apothecia black, minute, scattered, sessile, plane, with a thickish margin, at length convex and immarginate ; hypothecium pale-yellow, lateral excipulum nigro-fuscous ; hymenium pale-blue in the lower part, paler or nearly colourless above, para- 332 THE LICHEN-FLORA physes distinct, apices nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, lineari- oblong, 1-septate. On siliceous rocks. Syn :—Tayl. in Mack, Fl. Hib. pt, 2. p. 115. (1836.) Mudd Man. p. 180. Bor. Prov :—19. IRELAND :—Near Dunkerron! co, Kerry. Dr. Taylor in herb. Borrer, Gelatina hymenea I blue. Spores .015—.016 mm. long, .0045—.005 mm. broad. With a general external resemblance to Z. subviridis, NyL 241. LL. scotinodes, Nyl. dark-greyish, thin, unequal, areolato- rimose, sub-determinate ; apothecia black, convex, immarginate, whitish within ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple or 1-septate ; paraphyses moderate, incrassate at the apices, dark-bluish-black ; epithecium K—, faintly violet; gelatina hymenea I bluish and then vinous-red. On micaceous rocks, rare. 1871. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289. 300. Bor. Prov :—15. ScottanD :—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie 1871.) ‘* Allied to Z. scotina, (Krbr.) but differs as above. Spores .014—18 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Ny/l.) 242. LL. sub-confusa, Nyl. darkly virescent, slightly granulato- concrescent, areolato-diffract ; apothecia black, opake, innate, convex, internally concolorous ; paraphyses thickish, somewhat indistinct, apices cerulescenti-infuscate ; Aypothectwm colourless; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate. On rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 307. Grog, DistRiB :—Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—26. oa Bridge! Kylemore, Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. 6. ‘* Spores .007-—-8 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. Gelatina hymeneaTI blue then vinous-red. Spermatia oblong, straight. Somewhat resembling L. fuliginosa, Tayl. but with a thallus darkly-cinerascent above and smaller spores.” (Nyl.) Ene .012—.0135 mm. long, .L05-6 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I dark- ue. 243. L. columnatula, Nyl. darkly-virescent, granulato-concrescent, areolato-diffract ; apothecia black, innato-sessile, plane or plano-con- vex, slightly margined, soon obliterated, somewhat shining ; hypo- thecium colourless, opake, subtended by a pale-brownish horny excipu- lum ; hymenium cinerascent, paraphyses coherent, apices nigres- cent ; spores 8, colourless, lineart-oblona, slenderly 1-septate ; gelatina hymenea I dark-dirty-blue. On rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 228. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) ‘“ Spores .012—16 mm. long, .004mm. broad. Spermatia oblong .0080—.00385 mm. long, .0006 mm. broad. Sterigmata articulate and branched.” (Wyl.) Spores .012—.0145 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 244. L. beformigera, Leight. dirty-whitish-subvirescent, thick, tartareous, verrucoso-areolate, rimoso-difract, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia very variable in size, black or bluish-black, either small, conglomerate, plane and slightly margined, or large, simple, sessile, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 333 prominent and with a thickish flexuose margin; Aypothecium colourless ; hymenium pale-bluish upwards, paraphyses distinct, apices nigrescent ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly oblong, 1-septate, cells binucleolate. On alpine and maritime rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Leight. in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867. Groce. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...26. Wa es :—North escarpment of Cader Idris ! 1866.) Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris ; rocks near Llyn Aran! Cader Idris; Manorbeer! near Tenby. Llanbedrog! Barmouth ! Pen-y-rhiw! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Moel-y-gest ! UHANNEL ISLANDS :—Coast of Alderney ! Mr. Larbalestier. The spores are similar in shape and size to those of Verrucaria biformis, Borr. .014—.015 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue. forma subbiformata, Nyl. thallus areolato-diffract, areole plane. On alpine rocks, not unfrequent. 1866. Bor. Prov :—7...26. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Kylemore! near Tully; co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Llyn-y-Cae! Cader Idris. (1866.) 245. L. holomeloides, Nyl. dusky or nigricant, thin, effuse, sub- granulate ; apothecia black, somewhat convex, immarginate, dusky within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or sub-bacillar, 1-septate, variable in size; paraphyses indistinct; epithecium nigricant ; hypothectum nearly colourless or very slightly fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea slightly blue, then yellowish, with iodine. On micaceo-schistose earth in alpine places, rare. 1866. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 369. Crombie En. 70. Geog. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. i ScorLanp :—Near summit of Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. “ Approaching LZ. globulosa, Flk. but with the aspect of D. melena, Nyl. Spores .010—17 mm. long, .0030—.0035 mm. broad.” (yl) 246. ZL. Lnghtfootit, (Sm.) greenish-white, tartareous, effuse, granuloso-verrucose, (K—C—) ; apothecia sub-innato-sessile, plane, polished, black, margin thin, smooth, paler, fleauose; hypothecium pale-grey ; excipulum pale-brown ; hymenium brownish, paraphyses conglutinate, apices fuscous; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, l-septate, cells rounded and slightly dilated at the apices, small. On trees, birch, rare. 1784. Syn :—Sm. E, Bot. 1451. (1805.) Ach. Syn, 34. Nyl. Prod. 105. Mudd Man, 179. Fia :—E. Bot. 1451. Hepp Sporen t. 58. fig. 503. }ixs:—Hepp 503, Scher. 581. (in part), M. & N. 839. Groc. DistR1B :—France, Germany. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...13...31. ENGLAND :— Rev. J. Lightfoot. (1784.) Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Essex. Mr. Piggott. Oswestry! Shropshire. Rev. 2. Salwey. Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Ardingley! Sussex. Duntisburne Abbots! near Cirencester. Reigate Hill, Surrey. Mr. W. Joshua. Lewknor ! Tetsworth ! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. . ScorLanpD ;—Caerlaverock road! Dumfries. Dr. Lindsay. IRELAND :—North of Ireland. Dr. Scott. CHANNEL IsLaANDS :—Patrimoine, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .002 in. long by .00075 in. broad. Spermogonia minute, punctiform, immersed in the thallodal verruce, brown. Spermatia sub-cylindrical or ellip- soid .0005—.00075 in. long by .00012 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .009-—.010 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 334 THE LICHEN-FLORA forma commutata, (Ach.) thallus dissolved and pulverulent. On trees, beech, and birch, rare. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 352? Mass. Ric. 186. Mudd Man. 179. Fic :—Mass. Ric. f. 269. Exs :—Zw. 373. Hepp 744. Scher. 581 (in part). Grog. DistRip :—Germany. Bor. Prov :—2...19...24...28. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. IRELAND :—Cahirlognue; Ardrum near Cork; Killaloe, Clare. Mr. Carroll. Armagh near the Obelisk. Adm. Jones. Spores as in the type. 247. L. globulosa, Flk. greyish-white, thin, effuse, granuloso- leprose, (K—-C—-) ; apothecia minute, numerous, scattered, adnate, black, tuberculate or semiglobose, convex, immarginate, internally nigricant ; hypothecium very pale, dirty-clouded ; hymenium of pale bluish nigrescence, paraphyses distinct, apices nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-fusiform, 1-septate, small. On trees, not unfrequent. Syn :—Flk. Deut. Lich. 181. (1821.) Nyl. Lapp. Or. 149. Crombie Enum. 69. T. M. Fries Scand. 575. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 4. f. 16. Exs :—M. & N. 1830. Fries 350. Zw. 89 and 89 C. Anzi It. S. 258. Hepp 16. Fellm. 155. Geog. Distaip :—E. Lapland, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—15...19. ScotLanD :—Loch Katrine! Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Glencar co. Kerry. Mr. Carroll. Readily distinguished from L. .cyrtella and L. anomala by careful observation and comparison of the above characters and the size and form of the spores .010—.012 mm, long, .003 mm. broad. ‘‘Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .002— .003 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .009—.015 mm. long .002—.0035 mm. broad. Spermatia slender, straightish or slightly curved .004—5 mm. long.” (7. M. Fries.) 248. L. denigrata, Fr. fusco-nigricant, somewhat virescent, thin, effuse, minutely granulose, (K—-C—) ; apothecia minute, conglo- merate, sessile, livid-black, convex, sub-immarginate ; hypothecium colourless, pale-yellowish; paraphyses distinct, darker, somewhat virescent, apices yellowish-fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico- oblong or ovate, strarght or slightly curved, 1-septate, small. On old pales, posts, &c., not unfrequent. 1831. Syn :—Fr. L. Eur. 270. (1831.) Nyl. Scand. 202. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2711. Hepp Sporen t. 4. f. 14. Exs :—Hepp 14. Anzi It. S. 256. Zw. 394, Geroc. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...10. Encianp :—Esher, Surrey; Henfield and Boxgrove, Sussex. My. Borrer. (1851.) Farndale! near Marskee, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Shermanbury ! Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Oaksey near Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. Wheatfield Park! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. near Treflach Hall! Shropshire, and Penzance! Rev. T. Salwey. Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. Norton Camp! Berwick ! near Shrewsbury. “*Gelatina hymenea I blue. Spores .009—.013 mm. long, .0025—.004 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .01—.011 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. 249. L. pulverea, Borr. pale-greyish-green, minutely granuloso- pulverulent or mealy, soft, effuse, indeterminate, moderately thick, (K yellow C—) ; apothecia rather large, scattered or conglomerate, adnato-sessile, black, internally pale, plane, with a paler lind slightly OF GREAT BRITAIN. 335 raised margin, eventually convex and immarginate ; hypothecium colourless ; hymenium narrow, seated on a pale-yellow thin stratum which rests on a white opake stratum, subtended by a lateral yellow excipulum ; paraphyses distinct,apices nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or elliptico-oblong, 1-septate, large. On trees, mountain-ash, alder, rare. 1807. Syn :—Borrer in E. Bot. Suppl. 2726, (1831,) Mudd Man. 180. Fic :—E. Bot. Buppl 2726, Grog. DistRis :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...7...12.. Mb. .19...26. Encuanp :—New Forest. Mr. Lyell. Keswick, ! Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger. near Danny, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Ardingley, Sussex. Mr. W. Joshua. ScorLanD :—Aberfeldy! Glen Falloch near Inverarnan. Dr. Holl. Loch Lomond. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IrELAND :—Glengariff. Adm. Jones. Old Dromore. Dr Taylor. Cromaglown, Killarney. Dr. Moore. near Killarney. Mr, Carroll. Letterfrack ! Lough Muck ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Capel Cwm, Barmouth! Rev. 7. Salwey & Mr. Borrer, Llanbedr Valley. Mr. Holmes. Glyn! near Capel Curig. Trefriw! Capel Arthog! Gaer Ditches ! Not unlike the commutata form of L. Lightfootii, but differs in size and shape of the spores and chemical reaction. ‘‘ Spores .003—.0035 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .016—.018 mm. long, .0075—.0085 mm. broad. ++ Apothecia livido-fuscous to black. 250. L. lenticularis, Ach. brownish or nigricant or cinereo- Suscescent, thin, indeterminate or evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia livido-fuscous, rufo-fuscous, black or fuscous-black, small, plane, marginate ; hypothectum colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or lineari-oblong, 1-septate, small. On mountain and maritime rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 28. (1814.) Nyl. Scand. 242. Groce. Distris :—Switzerland, Germany, Italy, N. Africa, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland Bot. Prov :—7...(19—30)...31. “Spores .007—.011 mm. long, ,003—4 mm. ied: » (Nyl.) ‘Spores .006— .011 mm. long, .002—4 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) forma vulgaris, (Korb.) ahead or cimerascent, sub- pulverulent, scarcely granulose, thin, indeterminate; apothecia rufo-fuscous or fuscous-black. On rocks, frequent. Syn :—Korb. Par. 144. T. M. Fries Lich. Scand. 568. Exs :—Zw. 272. Anzi Ven. 67. Ital. S. 254. Langob. 120. Bor. Prov :—2...7...15...26. ENGLAND :—Beachy Head! Mr. Holmes. Scotnanp :— Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Lough Corrib! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Eglwyseg rocks! Nant Gwynant ! forma pulicaris, (Mass.) pallido-fuscescent, smooth, thin, continuous, indeterminate ; apothecia nigrofuscous or rufescent, srnall. On rocks, not unfrequent. Syn :— Maas. Ric. 136. ee) Fic :—Mass. Ric. fig. 267. Exs :—Anzi Ven. 68. Bor. Prov :—7...26. IRELAND = ae a Westport ! Doughruagh ! near Lettermore! Con- nemara. Mr. Larbal Wates :—Trefriw! Wclyhead Mountain ! 336 THE LICHEN-FLORA forma rimoso-areolata, Leight. darkly-cinereous, tartareous, thickish, rimoso-areolate or diffract, areole large, plane or flattish, uneven, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, small, subinnato-sessile or sessile, margin thin soon obliterated ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses distinct but coherent, apices blackish; spores 8, colourless, oblong or lineari-oblong, sometimes subacute at each apex, l-septate; gel. hym. I vinous. On rocks, rare. 1875. Bort. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lettermore ! near Rinvyle, co. Galway ! Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) forma chloropoliza, Nyl. cinereo-virescent, thin, unequal or rugu- lose ; apothecia large. On maritime rocks, not common. Syn :—Nyl. Armor. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 8. p. 758. (1861.) Groc. DistRIB :—France. Bot. Prov :—15...24...31. ScotLanD :—Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IreLanp :—Kilkee co. Clare. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Boulay Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma nigricans, Arn. nigricant, thin, furfuraceous, diffract ; apothecia large, black. On rocks and mortar, rare. 1875. Syn :—Arnold in Flora 1860. p. 74. Exs :—Anzi Venet. 175. Grog. DisTrr :—Sweden, Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—7 WALES :—On the mortar of Pont Dysynni near Towyn! ae ) ‘Spores 0.009—-11 mm. long, 0.003 mm. broad.” ( Arnold.) forma rhyparocarpa, Nyl. said to be found on rocks in Craig Tulloch, Scotland, by Rev. J. M. Crombie (1870), but I have seen neither diagnosis nor specimen. forma acrustacea, Hepp. thallus evanescent or altogether oblite- rated ; apothecia black, variable in size, moderate. On rocks, Syn :—Arnold in Flora 1858. p. 502. Exs :—Arn. 471. Bor. Prov :—7...26. IRELAND :—Rinvyle ! Doughruagh! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Crib Coch ! Snowdon. forma oxydata, Leight. ferrugineo-ochraceous ; apothecia black, minute. On rocks. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Near Letterfrack ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. forma nigro-clavata, Nyl. evanescent ; apothecia small, super- ficial, convex or plane, internally cinerascent in the middle ; spores 8, pale-yellow, oblongo-cylindrical, simple. On trees, cherry, elm. Syn :—Nyl. in Bot. Not. 1853. p. 160. Scand. 242. Crombie Enum. 91. Groc. DistRIs :—France, Germany, Russia, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—2...24. ENGLAND :—Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Rostellan co. Cork ; near Limerick. Mr. Carroll. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 337 ‘Spores .010—9 mm. long, .004—2 mm. broad. Paraphyses thick, exces- sively nigro-clavate at the apices. Hypothecium excipulare fuscum.” (Vyl.) forma minor, Cromb. smaller. Syn :—Crombie En. 91. Bor, Prov :—19. Irenanp :—Turk Mountain, Killarney. 251. L. rupicola, Nyl. glaucous, thin, opake, subrimulose ; apothecia lind or livido-fuscous, pallescent, plane, marginate, gene- rally with a spurtous thalline margin; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or sublineari-oblong, 1-septate ; paraphyses distinct, coherent, apices colourless; epithecium sublutescenti-granulose. On moist micaceo-schistose rocks. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 228. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Dawros Cliffs! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) ‘Spores .010 -11 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. Scarcely specifically different from ZL. cyrtella, with which it agrees in the spermatia. May be regarded as a Lecanora, but far removed from Z, erysibe.” (Wyl.) Spores .012—.015 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. 252. L. anomala, (Fr.) albo-cinerascent, sub-granuloso-pulveru- lent, thin, sometimes evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia livido-rufous or blackish, adnate, plane, margin thin, at length convex and margin obliterated, internally colourless ; hypothecium colourless ; hymenium colourless ; paraphyses concrete, apices pale ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or elliptical, 1-septate, large. On trees, ash, holly, not common. Grog. DistRiB :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—3...10...26. Eneianp :—Near Ayton; Airyholme! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Hickmore, Fen Wood; Mile End near Colchester ; Felix Hall Park; Kelvedon, Pod’s Wood, Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. IRELAND :—Near Lough Muck, co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Form and size of spores distinguish it from Z. tricolor and ZL. globulosa. The apothecia moistened with K and C remain dark and do not become trans- parent as in L. cyrtella. Spores .011 -.014 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 253. LL. tricolor, (With.) whitish, very thin, unequal or obso- lete or sub-granuloso-rugose, effuse,(K yellow C orange) ; apothecia carneo-fuscous or lividy-fuscescent or nigricant, plane, margin thin, paler ; hypothecium colourless, lateral excipulum very pale-brownish ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid or oblongo-fusiform, 1-septate. On oak and pine, ash, hawthorn, sycamore, trees, common. 1796. Syn :—With. Arr. 4. 23, (1716.) Nyl. Scand, 207. Lichen Griffithii, Sm. Biatora mixta, Fr. L. E. 268. Mudd Man, 176. Fia :—E. Bot. 1735. Hepp Sporen t, 85. f. 738, Exs :—Bohl. 119. Zw. 82. Arn. 216. Hepp 738. Korb. 278. Leight. 70. Geroa. Disrris :—Sweden, Italy, Germany. Bor, Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...7, 8, 9, 10, 11...15...19...25...30, 31. EncianD :—Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Lodge near Ludlow! Woodhill! Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. Prof, Churchill Babington. Cliffrigg ! Oggery Hill! Airyholme Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Forest and Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Malvern; Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. Stoke ood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. near Twycross, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloram. near Colchester, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Ragley Wood, Warwickshire. Rev. W. xX 338 THE LICHEN-FLORA S. Rufford. Joyden’s Wood, Halstead, Ightham, Hythe, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Park, Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Parkgate! Cheshire ; Nesscliffe Hill! Haughmond Hill! High Rock near Bridgnorth! between Hopton and Great Ness! Lianforda! Downton Castle Woods ! Shropshire. ScottaypD :—Loch Lomond. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Glen Falloch. Dr. Holl. InELAND :—Near Cork and Glenstal, co. Tipperary. fr. Carroll. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. near Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Fe Wates :—Garn near Denbigh. Mr. Griffith. (1796.) Drwsynant! Builth! Tremadoc ! CHANNEL Istanps :—St. Peter’s Wood! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0025—.003 in. long, by .0075 in. broad. Spermatia cylindrico- arcuate, more or less attenuated towards the extremities.” (Mudd.) ‘“‘Spores -010—20 long, .035—.045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .008—16 mm. long, oe mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fries.) Spores .011—.013 mm. long, .003—4 mm. TO 254. LD. prasiniza, Nyl. dirty-virescent, subgranulato-furfura- ceous, scattered, indeterminate ; apothecia livido-fuscous or blackish, minute, innato-sessile ; hypothecvum colourless ; hymenium violaceo- blackish ; paraphyses scarcely distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid or lineari-oblong, simple, or 1-septate, minute. On semiputrid trunks, rare. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 312. Geog. Disrris :—Fiuland. Bor. Prov :—16. ScotLanp :—Barcaldine! Lorn, Argyleshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .011—.012 mm. long, .004 mm. broad.” (IVyl.) 255. LD. atropurpurea, Scher, greenish-grey, granuloso-leprose; effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecia livido-carneous or livido-rufous, at length fusco-nigricant, (reddish-brown when moist,) minute, scattered, ses- sile, plane or convex, margin thin, entire, darker than the epithecium ; hypothecium pale, colourless or pale yellowish ; excipulum externally . fuscous ; paraphyses coherent, apices fuscescent ; spores 8, colour- ess, elliptical or ovate, 1-septate. On trees, not common. Syn :—Scher. Spicil. 165. 1833.) Enum. 140. Crombie Enum. 64. T. M. Fries L. Scand. 565. Korb. Par. 142. Mudd Man. 178. Fic :—Mass. Ric. f. 265. Exs :—Hepp. 277. (fide T. M. Fries.) Scher. 206. (in part). Zw. 343. 371. Arn. 76. 595. aes DistR1s :—Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Fin- Bor. Prov :—2...7...19...31. Eneianb :—New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Hurstpierpoint ! near Tun- bridge Wells! Mr. Borrer. IRELAND :—Killarney and Glengariff. Adm. Jones. Turk Dinis Island and Cromaglown, Killarney ; Glenbower Wood, Killeagh. Mr. Carroll, Wats :—Capel Arthog! Gwydir woods! Bettws-y-coed. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Rozel, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .010—14 mm. long, .005—7 mm, broad. Spermatia short, sub-cylin- drical or slightly incrassate at both ends, straightish or slightly curved.” (Z. M. Fries.) Gel. hym. I blue then deep-vinous-red or brown. Spores .011—.015 mm. long, .005—.007 mm. broad. The apothecia when moistened become reddish-brown and transparent from the pale hypothecium, with the margin dark-fuscous, thus distinguishing it from LZ. Laureri, Hepp. 256. L. atropurpurascens, Nyl. ‘‘Somewhat similar to LZ. atropurpurea, Scher., but differing amongst other characters in having gel. hym. I intensely and persistently bluish.” (WVy/.) On aged oaks. 1868. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 339 Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289—300. Bor. Prov :—2 ENGLAND :—Near Ministeed in New Forest, ‘Hants. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1868. ) No specimen has been seen by me. 257. L. spodiza, Nyl. dark-greyish, thin, subopake, minutely granulated, or inspersed with greyish-green minute granules (K—C tawny red) ; apothecia livid-grey or livid-pale, slightly convex, im- marginate, colourless within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, frequently subcurved, and sometimes obsoletely or spuriously 1-septate ; epithe- cium sordid; pavaphyses not very well discrete; hypothectwm colourless ; gelatina hymenea I bluish. On old fir pales, rare. 1873. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 9. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortLanD :—About Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1873.) “ Allied to ZL. denigrata, but distinct. Spores .011—17 mm. long, .0025— -0085 mm. broad.” (Myl.) 258. L. hemipoliella, Nyl. ‘‘Forsitan sub-species LZ. dent- grate, thallo vix ullo visibili; apotheciis parvis lividis vel pro parte pallidis ; spore vulgo 1-septatz, long, .008—.011 mm. crass. .008 mm. ; epithecium K leviter violaceo-dissolutum.” Nyl. in Flora, 1875, p. 11. No specimen has been seen by me. var. semialbula, Nyl. whitish or livid-whitish, thin, slightly rimuloso-areolate ; spores 2—4—nucleated, septa discernible by K. On decorticated wood, rare. 1875. Sry :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 89. (1875.) Bor. Prov :—17. Scortanp :—Near Altnaharra co. Sutherland. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) ttt Apothecta yellow. 259. L. luteella, Nyl. white, very thin or albo-macular ; apo- thecia pale-yellow, small, margined (or submarginate, young ones gyalectoid), colourless within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, or oblongo-fusiform, 1-septate ; thece often thick and solid at the apices ; paraphyses slender. On calcareous rocks, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 6. Crombie En. 73. Grog. Distrip :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—2...28. Enauanp :—Upperton, Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. IneLanp :—Sheepwalk, Armagh. Adm. Jones. “Systematically after L. erysiboides, Nyl. Spores .016—23 mm. long, .006 ~—7 mm. broad.” (yl.) 260. LZ. littorella, Nyl. glauco-virescent, very thin, rimulose ; dpothecia pale-yellow, biatorine, small, plane, submarginate ; hypo- thecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate ; paraphyses slender, apices colourless. On shady rocks, rare. 1876, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 229. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lough Inagh ! Galway. M7. Larbalestier, (1876.) 340 THE LICHEN-FLORA “Like L. polytropa. Spores .008—.012 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red.” (MWyl.) Spores .016 mm. long, -007 mm. broad. 261. L. Arnoldi, (Krmphbr.) whitish, effuse, tartareo-farinose, (K—C—) ; apothecia croceo-ferruginous, minute, sessile, somewhat concave with a thick paler margin, afterwards plano-convex and immarginate; hymenium yellowish-brown, paraphyses distinct but coherent, apices colourless ; hypotheciwm grumous, pale-yellowish- brown ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly elliptical, 1-septate. On calcareous rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Krmphbr, in Flora 1855. p. 72. Biatorina minuta, Mass. Ric. p. 187. Fie: —Hepp Sporen t. 59. f. 507. Exs :—Zw. 236. Hepp 507. Arn. 75. Grog. Distr1B :—Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Twelve Pins! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Gelatina hymenea I violet. Spores .015—.017 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 262. L. albocarnea, Nyl. whitish, thin, at length rimuloso-dif- fract, (K—C—): apothecia pale-yellowish-jlesh colour, convex, im- marginate, internally colourless ; hypothecium colourless ; para- physes slender, not fully distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, oblong, simple, or obsoletely 1-septate, minute. On rocks and stone walls, rare. 1876. Syn: -Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 234. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Mwerlan; Lettermore; Ballinahinch, Lough Inagh, Dough- ruagh ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) “Spores .009—.014 mm. long, .003—.0035 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I bright-blue then vinous-red.” (Wyl.) Resembling Z, albidocarnea, but with different spores. f. umbrosa, Nyl. thallus thicker, tartareous, coarsely areolato- diffract. IRELAND :—Mwerlan! near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 263. L. luteorosella, Nyl. dirty-yellowish, tartareous, thin, rimulose, furfuraceous; apothecta reddish-flesh-colour, scattered, convex, immarginate; spores 8, colourless, lineari-subfusiform, 1-septate. On rocks, very rare. 1877. Exs :—Lojka Transyl. 3210 and 3261. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Twelve Pins! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 264. L. subdiluta, Leight. dark-dirty-sea-green, thin, effuse, continuous, very slightly rimulose ; apothecia pale, waxy, minute, elevato-sessile y eptthecium pale-brown, plane or concave, surrounded by a thickish, pale, waxy, elevated margin ; hypothecium colour- less ; paraphyses indistinct, conglutinate, apices brown ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate, minute, somewhat constricted in the middle. On rocks, rare. 1872. Syn :—Leight. in litt. 1872. May. Linn. Trans. 2d. ser. 1. p. 145. Fic :—Linn, Trans. 1. c. tab. 22, fig. 18—16, Bor. Prov :—8al. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 341 CuanneL Istanps:—Boulay Bay! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. (May 1872.) Spores .0185—,.02 mm. long, .0085 mm, broad. 265. JL. lutea, (Dicks.) albescent, effuse, very thin, granuloso- leprose or evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia bright-carneofulves- cent, rather large, scattered, more or less concave, then plano-convex, margin entire, thin, smooth, paler, flexuose ; hypothecium thick, colourless, carnose ; spores 8, colourless, fusiformi-oblong, 1-septate. On mosses and trees, not common. 1785. Syn :—Dicks. Br. Crypt, 1. 11. (1785.) Nyl. Scand. 192. Mudd 177. Fia :—E. Bot. 1263. Leight. Br. Ang. Lich. t. 14. £. 3. eo :—Hepp 501. Larbal. 29. Zw. 331. Wright Cuba. 177. Korb. 277. Arn, Gxoa. Disrais ;—France, Germany, Austria, Bavaria, Cuba, Ceylon, Lap- land, Norway, America, Sandwich Islands. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7...19...28...30, 31. ENGLAND :— . Mr, Dickson. (1785.) Penzance! Llanforda! near Oswestry. Rev. J’. Salwey. Woodmancote! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Laun- ceston ; near Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Danny, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier, Ditcham Cross, §. Devon; Camelford, Cornwall. Dr. Hoil. Countess Weir Topsham, Devon. Mr, Parfitt. Lydford, Devon. Mr. Holmes. IRELAND :—Ardrum ! Castlemary! near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Killarney. Mr. Hardy. Luggelaw and Glengarriff. Adm. Jones. near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Askew Wood and Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Glen- arm. Dr. Moore. Wates :—Near Bangor. Mr. Turner. near Cwm Bychan. Mr. Holmes. Llyn Gwernan ! Cader Idris ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Quenvais ; Rozel! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “* Paraphyses conglutinate. Spores .0025 in. long by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” (AMudd.) Spores .0145—.016 mm. long, .0035 mm. brvad. 266. L. cyrtella, Ach. pale or whitish or cream-coloured, very thin, unequal or evanescent, (K—C—); apothecia pale-tawny- yellow or livido-rufescent or rufescent, plane or convex, small, gene- rally with more or less of a pseudothalline white margin, internally colourless ; hypothecium colourless ; hymeniwm colourless, paraphyses concrete, apices pale; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, 1-septate, rather large, On trees, not unfrequent ; on rocks, rarer. 1810. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 67. (1805.) Syn. 39. Nyl. Scand. 206. Fic :—E. Bot. 2155. Exs:—fcher. 473. Arn. 48. 501. Anzi Langob. 336. Rabh. 174. Hepp 18. Fellm. 161. Zw. 275. Mass. 132. _Gzog. Distris :—Switzerland, Bavaria, Lombardy, Hungary, Germany, Italy, E. Lapland. Bor. Prov :—2...4, 5, 6...8...10...24...26...31. EncLanD :—Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. 1810. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Airyholme Wood! Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Gopsall! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Beechborough, Sibertswold, Sandgate, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Ciren- cester! Mr. Joshua. IRELAND :—Ballynagarda ; Mountshannon, Limerick. Mr. Carroll. Rinvyle! co. Galway. (saxicole) Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire (saxicole). CHANNEL ISLANDS :—(saxicole) Ann Port, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. The apothecia when moistened with K and subsequently with C become pale and transparent in the disk with a very thin greenish line around the circum- ao Spores .0115—.015 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I ue. 267. L. pilularis, Korb. pale-glauco-virescent, minutely-granu- lato-leprose, effuse (K—-C—) ; aposhecia yellowish-flesh-colour, ses- 342 THE LICHEN-FLORA sile, conver, subimmarginate : hypothecium colourless or very pale- yellowish ; paraphyses coherent, apices colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, 1-septate : On old ivy, rare. 1877. Syn :—Korb, Par. 136. (1865.) Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 85. f. 739. Exs :—Hepp 739. Arn. 323, Zw. 369. 377. Korb. 187. Wright 198. Spruce 211, Groc. DistRIB :—Germany, Hungary, Cuba, Amazons. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Glendalough ! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) K has no effect in tinging the apothecia. Spores .012—.013 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad. 268. L. fallax, (Hepp.) cinereo-virescent, thin, subleprose, effuse ; apothecia jlesh-colour-yellow, somewhat convex or convex, immar- ginate (young apothecia with an obtuse margin), colourless within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo-fusiform, i-septate ; para- physes slender or indistinct ; epithecium, hymenium, and hypothe- cium colourless ; gelatina hymenea blue, then violet, with iodine. (K turns apothecia reddish.) On elms, rare. 1865. Sry :—Hepp Flecht. Europ. 505. (1860.) Z. chlorotiza, Nyl. in Flora 1866. p, 85, Crombie En. 70. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 58. f. 505. Exs :—Hepp 505. Wright Cuba 197. Scher. 207. Zw. 277. Arn. 74. Grog. Distrrs —Germany, Switzerland, Pyrenees, Italy, Bavaria, Cuba. Bort. Prov :—1, 2. EnGLanD :—Leigh Woods! Clifton, co, Somerset. Mr. Larbalestier. (1865. ) near Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl. ‘Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .002—.003 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .012— 013 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. 269. L. Ehrhartiana, (Ach.) albido-flavescent, effuse, granulato- rugose or evanescent; apothecia pale-yellow, small, numerous, adnate, plane, margin thin, afterwards convex and immarginate ; hypothectum colourless ; spores 8, colourless, lineari- or fusiformi- oblong, 1-septate, small. On exposed old timber, barns, &c., not common. 1803. Cliostomum corrugatum, Fr. (Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 69. t. 30. f. 1.) consti- tutes the spermogonia of this lichen. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 39. (1798.) Syn. 47. Ny]. Scand. 195. Mudd Man. 176. Fic :—E. Bot. 1136. Leight. Angioc. Lich. t. 30. f. 2. Exs :—Hepp 497. Zw. 91. Reich. and Schub. 97. Stenh. 134. Scher, 326. 192. Leight. 410. Grog, Disrris :—Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Encianp :—Acle, Norfolk, Mr. Turner. (1803.) Livermere! Suffolk 3 near Cotteshall! Mr. Borrer. Tilgate Forest, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Great Alne, Warwickshire. Rev, W. S. Rufford. Cambridge. Rev. R. Relhan. near Colchester, Essex. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Little Malvern. Mr. Lees. Pembridge! Herefordshire. “Spores .002—.003 in. long by .00075 in. broad. Spermatia lineari-oblong or ellipsoid, .0005—.00075 in. long by .0002 in. broad.” (Afudd.) “Spores .008— -011 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad.” (Wuyl.) ‘‘Spores.007—11 mm. long, -0025—35 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .007—.01 mm. long, .0015— -0025 mm. broad. 270. L. Bouterllei, (Desmaz.) albido-subvirescent, filmy, thin, effuse, minutely granulose, (K—C—) ; apothecia pale-yellow-flesh- colour, minute, scattered, adnato-sessile, plane, margin thin, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 343 paler, entire or crenato-flexuose, (K—); hAypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, 1-septate, minute. On leaves of box, fir and elm bark, rare. 1868. one :—Lecanora Bouteillei, Desmaz. Cr. Fr. ed. 2. 1195. (1847.) Nyl. Lapp. r, Exs :—Arn, 331, Rabh, 856, Groc. Distrip :—France, Germany. Bor. Prov :—2, Enceianp :—Danny Sandfield! Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .008—.010 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Paraphyses slender, irregular ; gelatina ae I blue then dirty-lutescent, the apices of the asci remaining blue.” (Wyl.) 271. L. erysiboides, Ny]. green, leprose, thin, nearly indeter- minate, almost evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia testaceo-rufous, small, sub-convex, immarginate, opake; Aypothectum colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, apically obtuse, 1-septate ; paraphyses indistinct. On old trunks and wood in moist shady places, rare. 1870. Syn :—Nyl. in Sallsk. pro. F. & Fl. F. Notis. 4. (n. ser. 1.) p. 232, (1859.) Scand. 208. Exs :—Fellm. 156. Arn. 280. Grog. DistRrip :—Sweden. Bot. Prov :—1, 2..,15. ENGLAND :—Devon; Isle of a 1870.) (forma sordidescens, Nyl.) New Forest near Lyndhurst ! Rev. J. M. Crombie. ScotLanD :—(f. pallida, Nyl.) Lake Katrine! Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘* Spores .007—.010 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then dirty-vinous-red.” “ Nyl.) ‘Spores .007—.010 mm. long, .0083—.005 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) 272. L. subspheeroides, Nyl. whitish, thin, areolato-rimose, rugu- lose ; apothecia pale-reddish, margined, at length convex, margin excluded, moderate ; hypothectum colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid, 1-septate ; paraphyses not discrete ; gelatina hymenea I bluish, and thecze violet. On young beech trees, rare. 1873. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 289—300. Bor. Prov:—2. Encuanp :—Near Lyndhurst in New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1873.) “Spores .014—17 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 273. L. diluta, (Pers.) virescent, leprose, very thin, or evanescent, (K—C= )3 apothecia pale-rufous-yellow or whitish-flesh-colour, minute, numerous, scattered, concave, almost urceolate, margin paler, smooth, thickish, waxy ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-oblong, 1-septate. On bases of pine trees, frequent. 1808. Syn :—Peziza diluta, Pers. Syn. 668. (1801); Lichen pineti, Schrad. in Ach. Meth. 68; Biatorina ‘pineti, Mass. Ric. 135.; Korb. Syst. 189; Par. 136; Mudd Man. 176, Biatorina diluta, Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. 185 ; Deciden Binet, Ach. Syn. 41, Nyl. Scand. 191. Mudd Man. Leight. Lich. Fl. G.B Fic :—E. Bot. 1863. two lower fig. Exs :-—Zw. 83. Mudd 145. Hepp 536. Nyl. 56. Scher. 218, Leight. 89. Rabh. 906. Reich. and Sheub. 126. Gxoa. Disrris :—Germany, Bavaria, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland; America, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—2.. 4, 5...8...10...19...22...24, 25...28...30, 31. ENGLAND ; —Cossey near Norwich, Sir W. J. Hoover, (1808,) Wood east end 344 THE LICHEN-FLORA of Llanforda Pool! Oswestry. Rev. T. Salwey. Twycross! Gopsall! Leicester- shire. Rev. A. Bloxum. Cliffrigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd, near Brighton, Sussex. le See Wapley Hill! Herefordshire; Round Hill1 near Shrewsbury. lanforda ! IneLanp :— Near Larne and Belfast. Dr. Moore. Armagh. Adm. Jones, near Cork ; near Limerick co. Clare ; Baltinglass, Wicklow ; Glenville, Cork ; Glen- stalk, Tipperary. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .U02 in. long by .0005 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .009—.010 mm, long, .0083—4 mm. broad.” (MVyl.) Spores .009—.012 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I very pale-blue. forma leucostigma, Leight, apothecia quite pale, white and waxy, numerous, scattered or conjugate, very minute. On elm (Ulmus montana), Rallt Hill! near Buttington and Welshpool, Montgomeryshire. (1875.) D. Spores 1-3-septate (sometimes simple.) 274. LL. subviridescens, Nyl. virescent, very thin, opake, or ob- solete ; apothecia fuscous, opake or fusco-livescent, convex, immargi- nate, dusky within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple or 1-3- septate ; paraphyses indistinct ; epithecium and hypothecium dusky ; gelatina hymenea blue, then vinous-red with iodine. On the earth in maritime localities, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 474. Crombie En, 71, Groce, Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—3l. CHANNEL IsLaNDs:—Boulay Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Like D. viridescens, Ach. Spores .011—.018 mm, long, .004—.006 mm. broad.” (Vyl.) 275. L. subturgidula, Nyl. whitish or virescent, very thin, effuse ; apothecia livid or pale-dusky-livid, opake, convex, immarginate, in section hypothecium fuscous with a superior albicant stratum ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, simple or 1-3-septate ; paraphyses indistinct ; epithecium white ; hypothecium fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea blue, then often fulvescent with iodine. On holly, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 343. Crombie En. 72. Groc. DistRiB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...7...26. Eneianb :—Near Lyndhurst in the New Forest! Rev. J. Af. Crombie. (1868.) InELAND :—Tully wee Bridge! co. Galway. Mi. Larbalestier. Waters :—Trefriw ! “ Approaches LZ. aprochrce:la, Nyl. Spores .008—.014 mm. long, .003— “A oa broad.” (Wy!.) Spores .0125—.018 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. road. 276. L, Caradocensis, Leight. dull-grey-greenish-olive, cartila- ginous, effuse, rimoso-areolate, granulato-verrucose, scales minute, adnate, roundish, convex, crimped or wrinkled, more or less minutely crenulate, (K yellow C orange-yellow) ; apothecia dull- black, Sessile on the areole, more or less imbedded, scattered or confluent, margin thin, flexuose ; hypothecium rufo-fuscous or dark- brown ; excipulum thin, lateral, nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses congluti- nate, brown, apices fuscous; spores 8, colourless, elliptico-fusi- form, 3-septate, (sometimes 1 or 2-septate,) minute, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 345 On fir trees, old palings, é&c., frequent. 1854. oe :—Leight. Lich. Brit. Exs. 160. (1854.) Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Dec. 1864. Fic :—Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hist. Dec. 1864. t. 9. £. 6. 7. 10. Exs :—Leight, 160. Geroc, Distris ;—Europe, Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...8, Eneuanp:—Aymestry! Herefordshire. Rev. J. F. Crouch. north side Gopsall Wood near Twycross, Leicestershire! Rev. A. Bloxam. Ombersley! near Worcester; Whippets near North Malvern! Dr. Holl. Kelvedon, Mark’s Hall, Essex. Ur. Varenne. Hendon; Finchley ; and Totteridge, Middlesex ; New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Totterton, Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Chal- ford! Gloucestershire. Wonham, Surrey. Mr. Joshua. Westerham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. 8. & W. bases of Caer Caradoc! (1854); Meole Brace near Sbrews- bury! Eastern base of Wrekin! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. Spores .0115—.0155 mm. long, .004—.0045 mm. broad. 277. L. incompta, Borr. cinereo-virescent, thin, crustaceous, un- equal, sub-granuloso-furfuraceous ; apothecia dull-black, numerous, adnate, plane, margin thin, flexuose; hypotheciwm thick, black ; spores 8, colourless, shortly lineari-cylindrical, 1-2-3-septate. On trees, frequent, 1831. Syn:—Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. 2699, (1831.) Nyl. Scand. 210. Mudd Man. 184, Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2699. Exs :—Leight. 162. Scher. 212, Fellm. 175. 176. Anzi It. S. 260. Bohl. 102. Mass. 317. Zw. 335. Korb. 283. % BEDS, DistRrp :—Switzerland, Italy, Germany, E. Lapland, Denmark, weden. Bot. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...10...24...31. EneLanp :—Shermanbury and Hurstpierpoint! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. 1831.) Kildale! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. The Lodge near Ludlow! Rev. J. Salwey. Danny, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. near Worcester ; Notter Bridge near Saltash, Cornwall. Dr. Holl. Whitstone Hill; Stoke Wood; Dunsford, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Braxted, Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev, J. M. Crombie. Barnsley Park near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. TRELAND :—Adare near Limerick! Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—St. Martin’s, Jersey, Mr. Larbalestier, Spores .021—.025 mm. long, .002—.003 mm. broad. 278. L. prasinoides, Nyl. green, thin, sub-granulate or very thin, subleprose, indeterminate ; apothecia pale-flesh-colour, minute, somewhat plane, obtusely or obsoletely margined {in dry state without margin, but in moist corneo-hyaline), colourless within ; spores 8, colourless, bacdllar or fusiformi-bacillar, 1-3-septate ; para- physes slender, colourless at the apices; hypotheciwm colourless ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On calcareous and sandstone rocks, rare. 1865, Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 146. Crombie En. 74, Grog. DistRiB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—19..,.28. IRELAND :—Sheepwalk, Armagh. Adm. Jones. Dinis in Killarney. Mr. Hardy. “ Resembling LZ, luteola var. chlorotica, Ach. but with spores even shorter than in the common L. bacillifera, Ny]. Spores .012—.021 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 279. L. Neegelii, (Hepp.) albido-cinerascent, thin, filmy or slightly granulose, (K—C—) ; apothecia livido-carneous, sometimes livido-fuscescent, adnate, plane or slightly concave, margin thin, afterwards subconvex and immarginate, small ; hypothecium colour- 346 THE LICHEN-FLORA less ; paraphyses distinct but cohcerent, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-or subfusiformi-oblong, apices obtuse, simple or 1-2 or 3-septate. On trees. 1876. Syn :—Biatora, Hepp Exs. 19. (1853.) T. a _ nes Lich. Scand. 379. Z, spheroides f. vacillans, Leight. L. Fl, 2d. ed. p. 3 Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 4. f. 19. Exs :—Hepp 19. Anzi Venet. 58, Anzi Langob. 379. Arn. 600 and 600 b. Groc. DistRrB:—Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, Lom- bardy, Italy, Scandinavia, Cuba. Bor. Prov :—3...26...28. ENGLAND : :—Shiere, Surrey. Dr. Capron. TRELAND :—Banks of Erriff River! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. 1876.) Armagh Demesne. Adm. Jones. The. apothecia when wetted with water display a pale transparent disk, surrounded by a dark circumferential ring. Gelatina hymenea I dark-blue then dirty-darkly-fulvescent. Spores .0145—.0165 mm. long, .004—.0045 mm. broad, generally straight sometimes curved. ‘Spores .015—22 mm. long, .004 —6 mm. broad.” (.. M. Fries.) 280. L. albidocarnea, Nyl. whitish, thin, irregular, rimuloso- diffract, (K—O—) ; apothecia pale-yellowish-flesh-colour, convex, im- marginate, large, internally colourless ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses slender, distinct, apices clavato-incrassate, colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo-fusiform, 1-2 or 3 septate. On micaceo-schistose rocks and stone walls, rare. 1876. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 459. TRELAND :—Ballinahinch ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). ‘Similar to LZ. albocarnea, Nyl. but of the stirps of L. spheroides. Spores .010—18 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I slightly blue then vinous-red.” (Wyl.) Spores .013—.022 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 281. L. chlorotropoides, Nyl. ‘‘ similis L. albowirelle, Nyl.” but apothecia testaceo-rufescent with a dark margin ; hypothecium pale- violet; excipulum bright-violet ; spores 8, colourless, bacillar, simple or 1-3-septate. On calcareous rocks, rare. 1877 Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 567. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). ‘* Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red. Spores .014—20 mm. long, .C02 — 3mm. broad.” (N7l.) E. Spores 3-septate, brown. * Hypothecium dark. 282. L. alboatra, (Hoffm.) white or albicant, unequal, sub- Ffarinose, effuse, sometimes sub-evanescent, (K—C—); apothecia black, albo-suffused or naked, small, adnate, sometimes spuriously lecanoroid ; hypothecium fuscous; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid, 3-septate, sometimes irregularly muriform. On various trees and pales, common. 1808. Syy :—Hoffm. ine 30. (1784.) Nyl. Scand. 285. Mudd Man. 218, Lecidea corticola, Ach. Syn. Fie :—E. Bot. Teen, “Hepp Bee t. 17. f. . 148. Exs :—Scher. 445. Hepp 29. 148, Zw. 193, Mudd 191. Nyl. 63, Leight. 64. Anzi Ven. 79, 312. Reich. and Schub. 80. 81. > OF GREAT BRITAIN, 347 Groce. Distr1p :—Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Bavaria, France, Africa, N. America, Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7...10...15...(19...26...30)...31. ENGLAND :—Seething, "Norfolk. Sir J. H. Smith. (1808.) Masham ! Yorkshire, Mr. Mudd, Lewes! Mr. D. Turner, Sussex! M7. Borrer. Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Relhan. near Exeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Eynsford, Brastead, Ightham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Tets- worth! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Sapperton, Gloucestershire, Mr. W. Joshua. Burton Court! Herefordshire. Rev. J. F. Crouch. Montford Bridge ! Nobold! Shelton ! near Shrewsbury ; Worfield ! Llanforda ! Shropshire. | Sorntanp :—Killin. Dr. Holl. IRELAND :—Not unfrequent. Mr. Carroll. Letterfrack ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Near Dinas Bran, Llangollen! Builth ! CHANNEL IsLaNnDs :—Jersey, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .016—20 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores .003— .004 in. long, .00125—.002 in. broad. Spermatia straight, cylindrical.” (Mudd.) “Spores .015—22 mm. long, .007—10 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fries.) Spores -0165—.0185 mm. long, .0085—.0095 mm. broad. forma populorum, Mass. greyish-white, sub-orbicular, determinate, unequal or areolato-verrucose, (K—-C—) ; apothecia constantly naked. On poplar, not common. 1860. Syy :—Diplotomma populorum, Mass. Ric. 99. Mudd Man. 218. f. lewcoplaca, Leight. L. Fl. 2d. ed. Be, ae (non D.C.) Fie :—Mass. Ric. f. 2 Exs :—Nyl. 65. ‘Mase. 939, Zw. 230. Anzi Etr. 33. Mudd 192. Groc, Distris :—France, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Bort. Prov :—10. Eneann :—Near Easby and Carlton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd (1860.) forma epipolia (Ach.) white, tartareous, rimoso-areolate, areolce unequal or swelling ; apothecia black, ccesio-pruinose, plane, at length convex or hemispheerical, always sessile, proper margin per- sistent. On calcareous rocks and walls, frequent. 1803. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 58. (1798.) Syn. 32. Nyl. Scand. 235. Somrft. Suppl. 147. Mudd Man. 219. Fie :—E. Bot. 1137. Hepp Sporen t. 17. f. 146. Exs :—Mudd 193. Zw. 229. Mass. 358. Grog. DistRiB ere Rorwers, peruADy Italy. Bot. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10.. ENGLAND :—Near tea Glove. Mr. Mudd. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Oswestry ! Rev. 7’. Salwey. Market Dereham Church, Norfolk (1803.) Suffolk. Mr. Turner. Malvern Hills. Dr. Holl. Ide near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, ‘oggeshall, Essex. Mr Varenne. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. Sandown Castle near Deal; Plaxtol, Kent. Mr. Howse. Kingsland ! Shrewsbury. WALES :—Fishguard ! Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma margaritacea, (Ach.) glaucous-white or pearly, subpulveru- lent, tartareous, unequal, contiguous, subrimose ; apothecta black, albo-pruinose, minute, immersed, at first plane with a very thin margin, then hemispherico-convex, immarginate, with a spurious thallodal margin. On calcareous rocks and walls, frequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 32. ier0 Soar Suppl. 148. Mudd Man. 219. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 17. f. 1 Exs :—Hepp 146. Nyl. 64. Soeete 50. Grog. DistR1B :—Hungary, Norway, France, Germany, Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...10...20...26, 348 THE LICHEN-FLORA ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Pinchingthorp Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Tong Priory ! Shropshire. Oe oa :—-Near Cork! Mr. Carroll, near Kylemore! Connemara. Mr. Lar- tier Wa es :—Dolbadarn Castle ! forma ambigua, (Ach.) cinereo-fuscescent, thin, rimose ; apothecia subtmmersed, plane, when young with thin thallodal margin which at length vanishes, when adult with proper margin, naked. On rocks, not unfrequent. 1871. : eet :—Ach. Univ. 161. (1810.) Syn. 14. a. Nyl. Scand. 236. T. M. Fries cand. 608. Exs :—Arn. 634. Rabh. 900. Hepp 530. Zw. 351. Lojka 2812. Groc. DistRIB eye Transylvania, Switzerland, Sweden. Bort. Prov :—5, 6...23...26...31. ENGLAND a en Hill, Shropshire. (1871.) TRELAND :—Lettermore ! Mr. Larbalestier. Portmarnock ! Dublin. Dr. Taylor. WALES :—St. David’s ! Pembrokeshire. co IsLanps :—Green Island! St. Clement’s Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larba- tier. forma murorum, (Naeg.) pale-yellowish-white, thin, effuse, con- tinuous, smooth, plane, rimose ; apothecia black, very minute, deeply immersed, plane, with a very thin scarcely perceptible proper margin, naked. On subalpine rocks, rare. 1877. Syw :—Naeg. MS. in Hepp a 30. Fic :—Hepp Boren t. 5. £. 3 Exs :—Hepp 30. Grog. Disrars :—Switzerland. Bort. Prov :—26. ( aa :—Base of the Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. 1877. 283. L. calearea, (Weis.) white, orbicular, determinate, tar- tareo-farinose, rimuloso-areolate in the centre, sub-effigurate at the circumference, (K—-C—) ; apothecia largish, black, innate, plane, cesio-pruinose, when old convex, with whate thallodal margin, proper margin black, thin, persistent ; hypothecoum fuscous-black ; spores 8, fuscous, narrowly oblong or lineari-oblong, 3-septate. On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1808. Syn :—Weis. e nes 40. (1772.) L. speirea, E,. Bot! Fic :—E. Bot. 1 Exs :—M. &N. 8. Scher. 230. Anzi It. 8. 314. Geoc. Distris :—Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...7, 8...15, 16. ENGLAND :—Near Newhaven! Sussex. M7. Borrer. (1808.) The Frith, near Buxton. Dr. Holl, Ide near Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Morrone, Craig Guie, Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Llandudno, Great Orme’s Head! Eglwyseg rocks ! Spores .018—.02 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 284. JL. chlorophea, Hepp. MS. tawny or creamy-white, verru- cose or areolato-rimulose, unequal, scattered or sub-determinate, (K yellow then red) ; apothecta numerous, small, subinnato-sessile, black, slightly pruinose, plane or convex ; hypothecium dark-brown ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 3-septate, irregularly muriform, On maritime rocks, rare. 1868, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 349 Syn :—Hepp MS. in herb. Arnold! Grog. Distr1B :—Germany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—6, 7. Wates :—Aberdovey! North Wales. Rev. A. Bloxam. (1868.) North Cliff! Tenby ; Manorbeer ! 285. L. deducta, Nyl. greenish, effuse, obscurely sub-gelatinous ; apothecia blackish, small, usually margined, reddish in a thin sec- tion ; hypothecium more obscure in the middle; spores 8, colowr- less ot faintly blackish, elliptical or oblong, 8-septate ; paraphyses indistinct ; gelatina hymenea blue, then vinous-red, with iodine. On old felled holly stumps, very rare. 1869. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 410. Crombie in Seem, Journ, Bot. 7. 233, (1869.) Enum. 72, Gezoc. DistriB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—2. aa :—Near to Brockenhurst in New Forest! Rev. J. M. Crombie. se Perhaps only a var. of L. subturgidula, Nyl. but differing chiefly in the black and marginate apothecia. Spores .010—.013 mm, long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Myl.) 286. L postuma, Nyl. cimerascent, evanescent ; apothecia black, rather minute, somewhat plane, marginate, concolorous within ; hypo- thecium and epithecium fuscescent ; spores 6-8, colourless or fus- cescent, ellipsoideo-oblong, 3-septate, generally with a few oblique or longitudinal septule. On calcareous stones in gravelly mountain localities, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 345. Crombie En. 87. Gexoe. Distris :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—15. ScottanD :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1868. Possibly a starved variety of L. petraa. ‘‘ Spores .015—.016 mm. long, .006— .007 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 287. L.triphragmia, Nyl. similar to L. disciformis in the thallus (Ky then red) and general habit, but with spores 3-septate. On shady rocks and trees in sub-alpine districts, rare. 1870. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 141. (1857.) Scand, 236. Crombie in Seem. Journ. 9, 179. Exs Wright 239. Geog. Distris :—Norway, Sweden, Finland, Cuba, Calcutta. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) * Spores .025—,034 mm. long, .009—.0011 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .022 mm, long, .009 mm. broad. F. Spores 3-septate, colourless. * Hypothecium dark. 288. L. Gederi, (Web.) ochraceo-ferruginous, thin, areolate or areolato-granulose, (K—C—) ; apothecta small, umbonate or gene- rally plicate or sub-gyrose, black, plane, margin thin, flexuose ; hypothecium black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 3-septate, nucleolate. On mountain and maritime rocks, frequent. Syn :—Web. Spicil. 182. 1778.) Ach. Prod. 66. Syn. 22, Nyl. Scand. 234, Mudd Man. 220. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 59. f. 508. ; Exs :—Fries L, S. 384. Hepp 508, Leight. 187. Zw. 28. Korb. 285. Anzi Langob. 200. 350 THE LICHEN-FLORA Geoc. Distrrs :—Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, Nor- way, Finland. Bot. Prov :—1...7,..10...15...19...26...30. ENGLAND :—Lounsdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Launceston, Cornwall. Dr. Holl. Cranbrook Castle ; Islington, Devon. Messrs. Jones and Kingston. ScortanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Castleton of Braemar; Blair Athole ; Coast of Kincardine. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘ IRELAND :—Mangerton. Dr. Taylor. co. Antrim. Adm. Jones. Ballynakill ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watess :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Cader Idris. Dr. Holl. Dolgelley ! Barmouth ! Glyder Vach! Llyn Cwlyd! Trefriw! Moel-y-gest! Crib Coch! “‘ Spermatia fine and delicate, cylindrical or subacicular.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores -018—.024 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .012—.022 mm. long, .006—.010 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .0155—.018 mm. long, -007—.008 mm. broad. 289. L. mesoidea, Nyl cinerascent, thin, sub-opake, unequal, sub-areolato-rimulose, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, moderate, younger ones margined, then sub-convex and the margin evanescent, con- colorous within ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 38-septate; para- physes moderate, apices nigricant; hypothecium black with a yellowish-red or cerasino-rufescent middle stratum ; gelatina hymenea ezrulescent, then violet, with iodine. On maritime micaceo-schistose rocks and old walls, rare. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 475. Crombie En. 78. Grog. DistRrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—26...31. Inetanp :—Killery Bay! Connemara. Mr, Larbalestier. Watss :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire, CHANNEL IsLanps :—Sark. Fliquet Bay ! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Approaching LD. acclinis, (Flot.) but differs in the hypothecium, as also from L. squamulosa, Deak. by the distinct upper stratum of the hypothecium. The section of the hypothecium approaches most closely to that of LD. syuamulosa, but tbat species has a different thallus with different reaction, and larger spores of a different shape. ‘‘Spores .014—.017 mm. long, .006 mm. broad.” (yl.) Spores .016—.018 mm. long, .0065—.007 mm. broad. 290. L. premneoides, Nyl. pallido-virescent or cinereo-virescent, slightly Jeprose, effuse, (K—C—); apothecia black, moderate, margined, plane, epithecitum sometimes sub-virescenti-suffused ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, obsoletely 3-septate; paraphyses slender ; hypothecium black ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On walls in maritime localities, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 147. Crombie En. 79. Geroc. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—26...31. UHANNEL IsLanps :—Noirmont ! Jersey. Mfr. Larbalestier. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Allied to L. aromatica, Ach. and granosa, ck. and with the aspect of L. premnea, Ach. “Spores .019—25 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Myl.) 291. OL. subimbricata, Nyl. darkly-cinerascent, squamulose, squamules firm, subimbricate, subcrenate, everywhere concrescent ; apothecia black, plane, marginate, internally concolorous; hypo- thecium and excipulum rubricose ; epithecium nigricant; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 3-septate ; paraphyses distinct, moderate. On calcareous rocks. 1876. Syn :—Ny]l. in Flora 1877. p. 460. Bort. Prov :—26. freLaAnD:—Near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 351 “ Allied to L. syuamulosa, Deak. but distinct by the thallus externally like that of Pannaria microphylla. Spores .013—16 mm. long, .0035—.0040 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue.” (yl.) 292. L. trachona, (Ach.) virescent, thin, leprose, minutely areolate, (K—-C—) ; apothecta minute, sessile, black, scattered or confluent, convex, margin obliterated ; hypothectum black ; para- physes indistinct ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, 3-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1868. cee :—Verrucaria, Ach, Syn. 96. Nyl. in Flora 1864. p. 620. Crombie Enum. Exs: —Zw. 117. 104, Rabh. 846. Larbal. 80. Grog. Distrr1p :—Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—31. Cuanne Istanps :—Warren, Noirmont! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .014 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. Spermatia long, slender, cylindrical, straight or curved. 298. L. carbonacea, (Anzi.) fuscous-black, sub-orbicular, thick, glebuloso-diffract, squamules small, rugoso-convex, entire or inciso- erenate, (K—C—); apothecia small, black, sessile, solitary or aggregate, plane, margined, eventually convex and immarginate ; hypothecium thick, reddish-black ; paraphyses distinct, apices black ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, straight or curved, 3-septate. On calcareous rocks, rare. 1870. Syn :—Toninia, Anzi Cat. Sondr. 68. (1860.) Crombie Enum. 78. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 115. Groce. Distris :—Lombardy. Bor. Prov :—15...26. ScoTtLanp :—Craig Guie, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) IRELAND :—Recess Road five miles from Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0153—.0220 mm. long, .004 mm. broad.” (Anzi.) Spores .015— mm. long, .0045 mm. broad. 294. L, delumis, Nyl. dark-greyish, verrucoso-granulate or rugose, moderate, (K yellow C red), hypothallus subfimbriate, infuscate, limiting the thallus ; apothecia black, at length convex, immarginate greyish-suffused, concolorous within; hypothecium thick, black or black-brown ; epithecitum conspicuously coarsely granulate; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong or lineari-subfusiform, 3-septate; para- physes distinct; gelatina hymenea tawny-wine-coloured or some- what reddish with iodine On granitic rocks, rare. 1873. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. pp. 289—300. Bor. Prov :—31. . CuanneL IsLanps :—On east side of Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey! Mr. Lar balestier. (1873.) “Belongs to section of L. premnea. Spores .015—18 mm. long, .004—,5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .21—23 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad. 295. L. leucoblephara, Nyl. cinereo-virescent or cinerascent, subde- terminate or indeterminate, thin, opake, (K y C—); apothecia fuscous-black or black, small, plane or somewhat plane, with a white lecanorine margin, internally nigricant; hypothecium thick, nigro- fuscous ; hymenium dusky-brown, paraphyses coherent ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-septate. On quartz rocks, very rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. Nov. Gran. p. 52. (1863, & 1864.) 352 THE LICHEN-FLORA Geoc. Distr :—Carolina, Nova Granada, Armorica. Bor. Prov :—26. IreLanp :—Near Kylemore ! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). “Spores ,010—19 mm. long, .003—.5 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinoso-obscurate.” (Wyl.) 296. LL. chloroscotina, Nyl. virescent, thin, subtartareous, con- tinuous, rimulose ; apothecia black, scattered or congregate, adnate, plane with a thin margin ; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; hymenium bluish, paraphyses coherent, apices colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, lineari-oblong, 3-septate. On wet stones, rare. 1877. Syy :—NylL in Flora 1877. p. 565. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—On stepping-stones between Lough Feagh and Lough Muck! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) ‘*Spores oblongo-fusiform, simple, .008—.014 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Spermatia ellipsoid .002 mm. long, .001 mm. broad.” (Nyi.) I describe the spores as I saw them in Mr. Larbalestier’s communicated specimen. 297. L, Dilleniana, (Ach.) albo-cinerascent or cinereo-nigres- cent, granulose or diffract, sub-gyroso-verrucose, (K yellow C orange) ; apothecia black, naked or albo-pruinose, appresso-sessile, scattered or aggregate ; hypothecium sigro-fuscous, almost nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, aciculari-fusiform, 8-septate, large. On maritime and subalpine rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. Prod. 57. (1798.) Syn. 30. Nyl. Scand. 240. Mudd Man. 223. Fic :—Ach. Prodr. t.1. f, 1. Grevillea 2. t. 26. £. 1. Exs :—Leight. 336. Mudd 199. Groce, DistRiB :—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—3...7...10...12...15, ENGLAND :—Cleveland ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Brightlingsea! Mr. Varenne. Staveley near Kendal. Mr. Martindale. : ScotLanD :—Trossachs; Aviemore; and Achallater, Brazmar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Aberdovey ! Rev. A. Blozam. Moel-y-gest! near Tremadoc. ‘Spores .023—-.030 mm. long, .005—.006 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .026— 2034 mm. long, .005—.007 mm. broad. 298. ZL. aromatica, (Sm.) greyish-white, tartareous, rugose, granulato-congested, (K faintly yellow) ; apothecia small, solitary or aggregated, sub-sessile, plane, black, with a thin sub-flexuose margin, or plano-convex and immarginate ; hypothecium and exci- pulum, thick, nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-cylindrical, 3-septate. On the earth, old walls, rocks, &c. frequent. 1807. ; Sxy:—Sm E. Bot. 1777. (1807.) Ach, Syn. 19. Nyl. Prod. 123. Mudd Man, 74. Fic :—E. Bot. 1777. Hepp Sporen t. 32. f. 283. Exs:—Leight. 154. Zw. 280. Larbal. 85. nee Distr :—France, Algeria, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Fin- nd. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...7...11...16...19...26...28.,.30, 31. EnGLanD :—Yarmouth. Mr, Turner. (1807.) Sussex Downs! Mr. Borrer. Torquay! Dr. Deakin. near Eglestone, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. near Exeter. Mr. Hemmings. Whittington near Worcester; Bolt Head; Fairlight near Hastings; Isle of Wight. Dr. Hotl. Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Dr. Dickie. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. Penzance. Mr. Curnow. Ightham, Barming, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScoTLanD :—Appin, Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. VR Qo OF GREAT BRITAIN. 353 Irevanp :—Near Blarney! Upper Glanmire! near Cork. Mr. Carroll. Lettermore! Mr. Larbalestier. Ardglass co. Down. Dr. Maingay. Armagh. Adm. Jones. Wates :—Barmouth ! Dolgelley! Dolbadarn Castle ! Snowdon. CranneL Istanps :—St. Aubin’s Harbour, Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey ! and on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. A var. hypnophiia, Nyl. has been found on mosses on Ben Lawers by Adm. Jones. (Crombie En. 78), and also at Caswell Bay! Mumbles, by myself. “Spores .004 to .005 in. long by .001in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .013—.025 mm. long, .0025—.0045 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .016—24 mm. long, ac mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fries.) Spores .02—.0245 mm. long, .00¢4—5 mm. road, 299. L. squamulosa, Deak. MS. pale-brown, thin, crustaceo- cartilaginous, sguamulose, squamule sub-imbricated or flattish, ap- pressed and rimulose, crenate, (K yellow, then turning dusky); apothecia small, solitary or aggregated, appressed or sub-sessile, plane, or convex and deformed, black, margin thickish ; hypothectwm darkish-reddish-brown thick, excipulum thin nigro-or rufo-fuscous; spores 8, colourless, lineari-cylindrical, 3-septate, cells nucleolate, half the size of those of L. aromatica. On rocks and walls, not frequent. 1853, " Syn :—Salwey in Penzance Nat. Hist. Soc. Trans. 1853. p. 144. Mudd Man. 74, Grog. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :-—1, 2...7, 8...15...19...28...31, ENGLAND :—Trengwainton! Penzance. Rev. 7. Salwey. (1853.) Torquay ! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Matlock! Mr. Wilson. Madron Workhouse ! near Penzance. Mr. W. Curnow, Lianymynech Hill! Shropshire. ScottanD :—Slaghead Kirk, Coast of Kincardine; near Stonehaven, Kincar- dineshire. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IreLanp :—Blackrock! Mr. Carroll. Armagh. Adm. Jones. Wates :—Barmouth. Mr. Holmes. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Herm. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .003 in. long by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .015—.018 mm, long, ,004—.005 mm. broad. 300. L. Turneri, Leight. glaucous-white, thick, tartareo-farinose, areolato-verrucose, turgid, sublobate, (K—C—) ; apothecia solitary or confluent, appresso-sessile, black, plane or convex, margined ; hypothecium black, thick ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-cylindrical or lineari-fusiform, 3-septate, (occasionally 2-or 4-septate,) small. On mortar, in walls, &c., rare. Syn :—L. candida, E. Bot. 1188. (1803.) Fig :—K. Bot. 1138. ~ Geog. Disrrrp :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...4, 5, 6...26. / ENGuanp :—Trigby Church! near Yarmouth. Mr. Turner. Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. High Rock ! Bridgnorth, Shropshire. ‘Waxes :—Bishopston Churchyard! Glamorganshire. TRELAND :—Near Dawros Bridge! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, Similar in general appearance to ZL. mamillaris, but distinct by the spores and reaction, both from that and ZL. Dilleniana. Spores ,015—.016 mm, long, .0035 mm. broad. 301. L. melena, Nyl. fusco-nigricant, leproso-granulose, thin, effuse, (K—-C —) ; apothecita minute, convex, black, internally con- colorous, immarginate ; hypothectwm black; hymenium darkish- Y 304, THE LICHEN-FLORA blue, paraphyses distinct, apices nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, 3-septate. On the earth and old wood, rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Bot, Notis. 1853. p. 182. Scand. 205. Mudd Man. 1 188. sae :—Fries L. 8. Exs. 212 B. iffde Nyl.) M. & N. 1829, Fellm. 159. Mudd 159 Gro. DistrIp :—Scandinavia, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...15...19...28. EncLanD :—New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Leigh Wood, Bristol. If. Joshua. Chelsfield, Oxford, Shoreham, Wrotham, Kent. Mr. Holmes. ScorLanD :—Grampians ; Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Howth. Adm. Jones. Crogham, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Wates :— Trefriw ! (on fir). “Spores .0025 to .004 in. long, by .0005 to .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .014—.22 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Hymenium bluish. Gela- tina hymenea I blue then dark-violet.” (Wyl.) Aopen -012—22 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .015 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 302. L. abietina, Ach. white or whitish, thin, leprose, effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecta moderate or large, numerous, scattered, ses- sile, black, theckly suffused with a whitish or pale-yellowish pruina, rarely naked, plane or sub-convex, margin thickish, prominent, flexuose ; hypothecium black; spores 8, colourless, aciculari-fusi- form or sub-bacilliform, 3-septate. On old trees in mountainous regions, not unfrequent. 1830. Verrucaria leucocephala, E. Bot. Suppl. 2642. f. 2. and Pyrenothea leucocephala, Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 28. f. 1. Exs. 164. Scher. 533. Anzi Ven. 84. M. & N. 757. are the spermogonia. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 188, (1810.) Syn. 30. Nyl. Scand. 241. Mudd Man. 223. Fic :—E, Bot. Suppl. 2642. fig. 2. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 28. fig, 2. Exs :—Scher. 534. Hepp. 517. 767, Arn. 88. Leight. 163. Mudd 200. Zw. 421, Geroc. Distrrp :-—Sweden, Germany, eS eeriand, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...8...10...19...29.. EnGLanp :—_New Forest! Mr. Lyell. i880.) Westerdale ! Stogdale! Hob- hole! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Bradgate Park, Leicester- shire. Rev. A. Bloxam, Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Jenner. IRELAND : Piet a and Carig Mountain, Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Donegal. Dr. Moore. Crogham and le’s Nest, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Jersey ! Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .007 to .008 in. long by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .03— -045 mm. long, .0045—.006 mm. broad. Paraphysesslender. Gelatina hymenea T pale-blue then vinous-red.” (Wyl.) Spores .035—.04 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. broad. Spermatia very large, oblongo-cylindrical, somewhat ta asia at one Bi both ends, straight or curved, .012—.016 mm. long, .003—. "004. tH 303. LZ. thiopsora, Nyl. sulphury-whitish, granulato-conglome- rate, consisting of sub-pulvinato-concrescent granules, pulvinuli somewhat plane or variously confluent (K yellow) ; apothecia black, convex, often 2-4-connate, internally concolorous ; paraphyses slender, not well discrete, hypothecium fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, bacillar or subacicular, straight or straightish, 3-septate. On Jungermanniz, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876, p, 573, Bor. Prov :—26. IrnELanD :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier, Je) ‘Spores .022—30 mm. long, .0025—.0035 mm. broad. Gelatin enea mm.” T_, thecee, especially their apices, cerulescent. Gonidia diam. . (yl) OF GREAT BRITAIN, 355 304. L. rhexoblephara, Nyl. albido-cinerascent, very thin or evanescent ; apothecia black, moderate, plane, margin thick, rhaga- dioso-diffract or crenate, internally concolorous; hymenium whitish ; hypothecium dark-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, oblor.go-ellipsoid or fusiformi-ellipsoid, 3-septate. On decaying mosses in alpine localities, rare. 1861. Syn :—Nyl. in Ofvers. V. Ak. Fork. 1860. p. 297. Scand. 240. and 293. Grevillea 1. 134, Grog. Distris :—Norway, Behrings’ Straits, Finland, Greenland. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1861.) **Spores .017—21 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. Paraphyses slender, apices fuscescent, somewhat incrassate, 3-articulate, adglutinate. Gelatina hymenea I pale-blue.” (yl.) Spores .017—.02 mm. long, .0045—.005 mm, broad. ** Hypothecium colourless. 305. L. exanthematica, (Sm.) cinerascent, very thin or evanes- cent, (K—C—); apothecia pale-yellow, small, margin connivent, radiato-fissured, at length exposing the epithecium ; hypothecium pale-yellow ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong or cylindrical, 3-septate, large. On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1791. Syn :—Sm. Linn. Soc. Tr. 1. 81. 791.) Thelotrema, Leight. Ang. Lich, 32. Ach, Syn. 116. Lecidea, Nyl. Scand. 188. Mudd Man. 278. Fic :—E. Bot. 1184. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 12. f. 3. Pa :—Anzi It. 8. 235. Zw. 211. Hepp 206. M. & N. 846. Scher. 122. Leight. 6. Grog. Distris :—Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...10, 11...19...26...28...30. ENGLAND :—Banks of Tees, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Sussex Downs! Mr. Borrer. Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. Durdham Down near Bristol. Miss Attwood. Rokeley and Barnardcastle, Durham. Mr. Winch. near Cirencester ! Mr. Joshua. Lamplugh! Cockermouth. Mr. J. Bowman. IRELAND :—Killarney ! Dr. Taylor. near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. Sheepwalk ; Armagh. Adm. Jones. near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—Eglwyseg rocks! near Llangollen. ‘© Spores .005 to .006 in. long, by .0015 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .015R— 20 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad. Paraphyses slender.” (Nyl.) Spores .023— .026 mm. long, .006—.008 mm. broad. 306. L. violacea, Crouan. albido-cinerascent, very thin, almost evanescent ; apothecia pallido-livid, small, sub-convex ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, obtuse, 3-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1860. Syn :—Crouan Fl. Finistere p. 93. (1867.) Nyl. in Flora 1862. p. 464. Crombie En. 71. Grog. Distris :—France, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—18. ScortanpD :—Lerwick, Shetland. Adm. Jones. (1860.) : Spores .012—18 mm. long, .003—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) 307. L. metamorphea, Nyl. green, thin, effuse; apothecta whitish or pale-flesh-coloured or sordid, small or moderate, innate, somewhat plane, sometimes difformed or two confluent, internally concolorous ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or oblongo-fusiform, simple or 3-septate ; paraphyses none ; thece oblong, crowded, blue with iodine then vinous-red. On stones, rare. 1872. Syn :—Nyl. Prod, 113, (1857.) Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 2, 134 Bor. Prov :—15. 356 THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorLanp :—Glen Fender, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie (1872). ** Spores .019—32 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) _ Yar. septenaria, Nyl. Fissures of rocks, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 239, Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Recess Road! near Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876). ‘* Spores 7-septate .030—34 mm. long, .007—8 mm, broad.” (Wul.) 308. L. albovirella, Nyl. virescent, thin, effuse, subpulverulento- granular ; apothecia pale-white-flesh-coloured, very minute, numerous, scattered, adnato-sessile, immarginate; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses coherent, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo- cylindrical, obsoletely or indistinctly 3-septate. On shady rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 567. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Lough Feagh! Mr, Larbalestier. (1877). ‘© Spores .019 mm. long, .0085 mm. broad.” ‘‘ Allied to Z. chlorotropa, Nyl. Gelatina hymenea I blue then the asci violet-red.” (Wyl.) forma depauperata, Leight. thallus subevanescent. IRELAND :—Killery Bay! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. 309. L. hemipolioides, Nyl. pale-dirty-yellow, furfurdceous, very thin, effuse, almost evanescent ; apothecia moderate, livido-virescent, convex, immarginate, scattered or confluent, when moist one half appearing darker in colour than the other half, sessile ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, somewhat ellipsoid, 3-septate, minute ; paraphyses remarkably much branched, apices colourless ; gelatina hymenea and especially the thecz bluish with iodine. On rocks, very rare. 1873. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 294. Bort. Prov :—3l. CHANNEL Istanps ;—Near Archirondel Tower, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .012—18 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .0125—.014 mm, long, .004 mm. broad. The apothecia have a semi-transparent hyaline appearance on one side, whilst on the other they are dark, reminding one slightly of the i agony of the moon during a partial eclipse. The dark colour inclines in the same direction on all the apothecia. 310. L. hyalinescens, Nyl. albido-cinerascent, very thin, effuse, subfurfuraceous ; apotheeia pale-dirty-rosy, hyalino-corneous or waxy, large, appressed, crowded, somewhat concave, with a whitish, very thick, slightly albo-pulverulent, persistent horny margin ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses very slender ; spores 8,° colourless, lineari- oblong or oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate. On river banks, very rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. p. 109. (1857). Groce. DistRrp :—France. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Twelve Pins! Kylemore! Connemara. Mfr. Larbalestier. (1876). “Gelatina hymenea I—, thece vinoso-fulvescent. Spermatia slender, straight, .004 mm. long, on short simple’sterigmata. Spores .016 mm. long, 005 mm. broad.” (Myl.) Spores .021 mm, long, .005 mm, broad. . OF GREAT BRITAIN, 357 311. LZ. herbidula, Nyl. pale-yellow, thickish, areolato-diffract, pulverulento-granulate ; apothecia rufo-fuscous, minute, subinnate, scattered, plane, with a thin darker margin ; hypothecium colour- less ; spores 8, colourless, lineart-oblong, 3-septate, small. On damp cliffs, very rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 563. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Glencorbot ! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877). Spores .0115 mm. long, .0025 mm. broad. Nylander 1. c. describes the spores as “‘fusiformes, 1-3-septate, .011—18 mm. long, .0025 mm. broad,” and gelatina hymenea I blue. Of the thallus he says, ‘“‘ Thallus omnino est peculiaris et facile proprium genus cunformans (si proprius), nam sistit Gongrosiram, Ktz. et format stratum e filamentis intricatis Me vinaetlie articulatis subchroolepoideis, articulis pariete incolore crassulo strata nonnulla offerente et contento e granulis flavoviridibus rotundatis numerosis constituto, articulis his rotundis aut oblongis (latit. .015—35 mm.), majoribus facile discretis, divisione transversa sese multi- plicantibus ; sed adsunt simul gonidia parva sparsa inter filamenta gongrosirea et cellulas discretas gongrosireas, cur subincertum manet quinam verus thallus sit hujus Lecidex.” 312. L. spheroides, (Dicks.) albo-virescent, granulose, sub-pul- verulent ; apothecta pale-whitish or pale-yellow-flesh-colour, congre- gate, convex, sub-globose ; hypothecium pale ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate. On trees and mosses, not common. 1785. Syn :—Dicks. Crypt. Brit. 1. p, 9. (1785). Smrfit. Lapp. 164, Nyl. Scand. 204. Crombie En. 70. : Fie :—Dicks. 1. c. t. 2. f. 2. Exs :—Fellm. 158. Anzi Langob. 261. Grog. DistRIB :—Scandinavia, Italy, Switzerland, Germany. Bor. Proy :—1, 2, 3...15...26...28. Eneianp :—Lustleigh Cleeve; Barrack wall, Topsham road, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Feering, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Toy’s Hill, Seven Oaks, Kent. Mr. Howse, Scorianp :—Midland parts. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Aberfeldy. Dr. Holl. IreLanp :—(f. rediens, Nyl.) Florence court, Fermanagh. Adm. Jones. (f. vacillans, ‘‘ apotheciis rufescentibus, sporis 1-3-septatis.”) Armagh demesne, Adm. Jones. near Letterfrack! Mr. Larbalestier. “ Gelatina hymenea I slightly blue then vinous-red, Spores .015—23 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 313. L. carneo-lutea, (Turn.) whitish, glaucescent, thin, smooth? effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecia numerous, minute, innato-emergent at first veiled by the pale hypothecium, which afterwards is irregularly stellato-dehiscent, disclosing the plane yellow-flesh-coloured disk, margin albicant, lacerate or crenate ; spores 8, colourless, lineari- oblong, 3-septate. On trees, especially elm, rarely on ash. 1808. Syn :—Turn. Trans. Linn. Soc. 9, 145. (1808.) Nyl. Prodr. 101. Mudd Man. 140. Fic :—Trans, Linn. Soc. t. 12. f. 2, E. Bot. 2010, Leight. Brit, Ang. Lich. t. 14, f. 2. Exs :—Fries 342, Larbal. 30. Leight. 363. Groce. DistRiB :—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4...31. EncLanD :—Sussex! and Isle of Wight. Mr. Borrer. (1808.) Torquay ! Devon, Dr. Deakin. Shoreham, Sussex. Mr, Larbalestier. near Ventnor, Isle of Wight ; Ilsam, Torquay. Dr. Holl. Cawick fields, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Beeding Priory, Sussex! Rev. A. Bloxam. Penzance. Mr. Curnow. Eastbourne ! Suffolk. Mr. Roper. Lewes, Sussex ; Brading and St. Lawrence, Isle of Wight. Mr. Holmes, we ; , oN 358 THE LICHEN-FLORA CHANNEL Istanps :—Quenvais; St. Brelade’s! Jersey; Saint’s Bay, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .00275 to .0035 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .011—13 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .013—.014 mm. long, -004—.0045 mm. broad. 314. L. ternaria, Nyl. albido-cinerascent, minutely granulate, sub-pulverulent, thin, effuse ; apothecia black, shining, small, con- gregate, plane with an indistinct margin, then convex and immar- ginate ; hypothecium colourless ; paraphyses distinct, apices colour- less ; spores 8, colourless, obtusely fusiform, 3-septate, cells nucleo- late. On moss and stones, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. Lapp. Or. 151. (1866.) Flora 1877. p, 232. Groce. DistRip :—Eastern Lapland. Bor. Prov :—5...26...31. ENGLAND :—Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. aa :—Lough Feagh! opposite Leenane, Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. 1877). ¢ CHANNEL IsLanDs :—The Warren, Noirmont! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .014—22 mm. long, .0045—.0055 mm. broad. Epithecium nigricanti- cerulescent. Gelatina hymenea I blue, then (especially thecz), vinous-red.”” (Nyl.) Spores .018—.022 mm, long, .005—.006 mm. broad. 815. L. squalida, Ach. cervino-fuscescent, cartilaginous, squa- mose, concrescent, rugoso-plicate, often diffract into pulvinuli, squame sublobate ; apothecia black, adnate, plane, margined, at length convex irregular and confluent, internally whitish ; para- physes coherent, apices nigricant ; hypothecium colourless ; excipu- lum externally violaceo-nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, cylindrical or fusiformi-cylindrical, obtuse and broadish at one apex, attenuate at the other, simple or 3-septate, straight or curvate. On the earth, rare. 1872. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 169. (1810.) Nyl. Scand. 216. Crombie in Journ. Bot, n. s. 2. 134, Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 15. f. 123. Exs :—Scher. 170. Hepp 123. Anzi Langob. 138. Groce. DisTRiB :—Scandinavia, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Craig Guie, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) “Spores .018—36 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores -026—46 mm. long, .002—4 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue (especially apices of thece) then vinous-red. Spermatia acicular, very slender, variously curvate.” (Z. M. Fries.) Spores .0255—.0275 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 316. L. circumpallens, Nyl. pallido-cinerascent, thin, rimose ; apothecia fuscous-black or fusco-rufescent, plane or sub-convex, margin pale ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, fustform or fusiformi-acicular, straight, 3-septate. On argillaceous earth, rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1866. p. 370. Groce. Distr1p :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—24. IRELAND :—Kilkee and Ross co. Clare. Mr. Carroll, ‘* Vix nisi varietas L. bacillifere.” ‘Spores .018—25 mm. long, .0020—.0035 mm. broad. Epithecium somewhat nigrescent or nearly colourless. Para- physes thickish, not well discrete. Gelatina hymenea I pale-blue then vinous- red.” (Nyl.) 317. L. cupreo-rosella, Nyl. bright-copper-colour, somewhat OF GREAT BRITAIN, 359 virescent, leprose, pulveraceo-granulose, at length areolate ; apothecia black, minute, at first punctiform, then patellulate, castaneo-fuscous and pale-red, marginate ; hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, lineari-elliptical, subacicular, 3-septate. On peaty earth, rare. 1869, Syn :—Nyl. Enum. 122. (1858.) Bilimbia cuprea, Mass. Sert. 77. (1856.) Grog, DistrR1B :—Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—10. Encianp :—Bilsdale, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (1869.) “Spores .0183 mm, long, .00150 mm. broad.” (Mass. ) 318. L. foveolaris, (Ach.) whitish, crustaceous, thick, coarsely verrucoso-granulate, effuse, (K—-C—) ; apothecia immersed, foveolate, large, pale-yellowflesh-coloured, proper margin entire, elevated, paler, entirely covered by irregular crenulate thallodal one ; hypo- thecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoid, 3-septate. On moist turfy earth in alpine places, rare. Syn :—Urceolaria, Ach. Meth. 149. (1803.) Gyalecta Wahlenbergiana, Ach, Syn. 9. Lecidea, Nyl. Scan. 190. Fic :—Mass. Ric. f. 284. Exs :—Th. M. Fries 10. Fellm. 146, Somrft. 52. Grog. DistrrB :—Finmark, E, Lapland, Germany, Italy. Bot. Prov :—8...10, 11...15. Encuanp :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. near Boltby, Thirsk, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. near Newton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. ScortanD:—Ben Lawers; Morrone. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Finlarig near Killin, Dr. Holl. “Spores .018—21 mm. long, .007 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .016—18 mm, long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (7. Mf. Fries.) Iodine turns the thick, horny excipulum, hymenium, and paraphyses poe eG asci dull-blue. Spores .017—.019 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. 819. L. geoica, (WhInb.) cinerascent, thin, sub-pulverulent, sub- evanescent ; apothecia minute, immersed, cupular, waxy, pale-yellow- flesh, margin entire, persistent, waxy, naked or nearly so, white ; hypothecium pale; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoid, 3-septate. On the ground among mosses, on calcareous rocks, not common, 1870. Syn :—Whlnb. Vet. Ak. H. 1806. p. 142. Ach. Syn. 9, Nyl. Scand. 190, Fic :—Vet. Ak. H. 1806. t. 4. £. 5. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 13, f. 2. Exs :—Leight. 123, Arn. 38, 459. Gsoc. Distris :—Gothland, Finland, Hungary, Germany. Bor. Prov :—6...15. ENGLAND :— Wickliffe rocks near Ludlow! Rev. T. Salwey. ScorLanpD :—Ben Lawers! Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1870.) “Spores .016—21 mm. long, .006—7 mum. broad.” (Nyl.) “Spores .012—15 mm. long, .006 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .016—.0175 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. G. Spores vermiform, spirally contorted, 320. L. umbrina, Ach. nigricant or nigro-virescent, granuloso- leprose, thin, effuse, often evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, plane or convex, small ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, vermiformi-cylindrical, spirally contorted, 3-5-multiseptate. 360 THE LICHEN-FLORA On rocks and stones, frequent. 1854. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 183. (1810.) Nyl. Scand. 209. ZL. vermifera, Nyl. olim L. holomelena, Flk. Mudd Man. ae L. pelidna, Leight. L. Fl. 2d. ed. 344. Fic :—Mudd. Man. t. 3. f. 6 Exs :—Leight. 158. Mudd 158, Zw. 29, Gzoc. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2.57.10. .15, 16...(19...26...30)...31. ENGLAND :—Broughton, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Shermanbury, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Hales End, Malvern; near Launceston, Cornwall. Dr. Holl. Wrekin! Haughmond Hill! Llanymynech Hill! Sutton! Mytton Bach! Stiperstones, Shropshire. Scortanp :—Glen Fender, Blair Athole ! Coast of Kincardine ; Braemar ; Appin; Craig Guie; The Khoil. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—On rocks and stones frequent. Mr. Carroll. near Rinvyle! near Kylemore! near Dawros Bridge! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ao :—Pass of Llanberis! Snowdon; Cader Idris! Drwsynant! Crib och ! CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Noirmont! Le Fret Point! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .005 in. ne by .00025 in. broad. Spermatia short, cylindrical, straight.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .020—.040 mm. long, .0025—. 0035 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .02—.04 mm. long, .002—3 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .026—.034 mm, long, .003—4 mm, broad. ‘ forma compacta, (Korb.) fuliginous, thickish, granuloso-leprose, or rimuloso-difract ; apothecia very black, minute, adnate, convex. On rocks and walls, not unfrequent. Syn :—Korb. Syst. 268. (1855.) Exs :—Leight. 158. (in part). Bot. Prov :—5...7...9, 10...26, ENGLAND :—Kildale! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Long Mynd! Preston-on- Lies dmeors ! Lyth Hill! Shropshire. Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. Parkgate ! heshire. IRELAND :—Doughruagh! and Tullywhee Bridge, Kylemore. Mr. Larba- lestier. ; WALES : :—Craig Breidden! Pen-maen-mawr! Nant Gwynant! Cwm Try- ‘aen ! forma leptomerea, Smrft. ochraceous, furfuraceo-granulate, very thin ; apothecia nigro-fuscous, minute, scattered. On rocks, rare. 1874. Syn:—Smrft. Lapp. 161. (1826.) Bort. Prov :—7. Wates :—Trefriw ! (1874.) forma pelidniza, Nyl. umbrino-virescent, crustaceous, thin, effuse, minutely granulato-rimulose or sub-diffract; apothecia livido-sub- JSuscous, small, numerous, scattered, sessile. On rocks, not common. 1876. Syy :—Nyl, in Flora 1874. p. 318. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...26. Eneianp :-—Penzance! Rev. 7 Salwey. Hiaestmond Hill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Lough Feagh! Twelve Pins! Lettermore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier (1876.) Wates :—Moel-y-gest ! near Tremadoc. Fishguard ! forma turgida, (Korb.) ctnereo-virescent, granuloso-leprose, thickish ; apothecia flesh-coloured, then fuscous-black, cephaloid, turgid. On rocks, rare. 1865. Syn :—Scoliosporum turgidum, Korb. Par. 241. (1865.) Groce. Distr :— Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...24. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 361 IRELAND :—Near Kilkee! co. Clare. Mr. Carroll. (1865.) Wates :—Near Dolgelley ! forma corticola, Zw. virescent or cinereo-virescent, minutely fur- Juraceo-granulate, thin, effuse ; apothecia pale-rufous or fuscous, blackish, small, sessile. On Myrica Gale, rare. 1877. Exs :~Zw. 417. Nyl. Paris. 136. Lojka Transylv, 2208, Bort. Prov :—7. ‘Wates :—Llyn Gwernan! (1877.) H. Spores multiseptate. 321. L. pachycarpa, (Duf.) creamy-yellow, sub-tartareous, thickish, effuse, pulverulentofurfuraceous ; apothecia large, scattered, adnate, reddish-brown, plane or tumid, margin paler, obtuse ; hypothecoum pale-yellowish-brown ; spores 1, very large, colourless, elongato-oblong or cylindrical, 10-septate. On trees, rare. 1806. Syn :—Dufour in Fries L. Eur. 259. (1831.) Nyl. Prod. 118. Mudd Man. 189. Fic :—E. Bot. 1683. Hepp Sporen t. 27. f. 234. Exs :—Zw. 80. Geroe. Distrip :—Switzerland, Bavaria, France. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7, 8...19. Eneianp :—New Forest! Mr. Lyell. 1806.) Sussex. Mr. Turner. Tilgate Forest and St. Leonard’s Forest ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Charnwood Forest. Rev. A, Bloxam. Stoke Wood, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. near Hastings. Rev. J, M. Crombie. Old Woods in Sussex. Mr. Sowerby. IRELAND :—Cromaglawn,, Killarney! Dr. Moore. Castlebernard co. Cork; Dinis, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. WateEs :—Cwm Bychan ! Rev. T. Salwey. ** Spores .018—.025 in. long by .007 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .070—140 . mm. long, .025—35 mm. broad. Spermatia straight .003—.0035 mm. long, .001 mm. broad, fixed on shortish simple sterigmata.” (Nyl.) Hypothecium very thin, pale-yellowish-brown, resting on a white thickish medullary stratum, the whole being enclosed in a thicker browner horny excipulum. Spore immense -160 mm. long, .036 mm. broad. 322. LL. homalotropa, Nyl. white, glabrous, very thin or albo” macular, sub-determinate ; apothecia black, moderate, plane, mar- gined ; hypothecium thin, niyricant ; epithecium sub-rugose, dusky ; spores 8, colourless, cylindrical, closely multiseptate; paraphyses slender, anastomosing ; gelatina hymenea untinged with iodine, On old ash trees in sub-alpine regions, rare. 1867. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1867. p. 329. Crombie En. 90. Grog. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19. IrevanD :—Near Derrycunihy, and Eagle’s Nest, and between Killarney and Kenmare, (1867.); and on Mc Carthy Island in upper lake of Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Near to Z. urceolata, Ach. Doubtful if not both referable to Melaspilea. ‘* Spores .130--.140 mm. long, .0045—.0050 mm. broad.” (iVyl.) 323. L. urceolata, Ach. glaucous-white or sub-cinerascent, smooth, rugoso-rimose, cartilaginous, nigro-limitate ; apothecia black, urceo- late, sessile, prominent, externally albo-pruiose, margin thick, ele- vated ; lhypothecium horny, livid; spores colourless, elongato- cylindrical, maggot-like, 13-septate, constricted at the septa, arcuate. On trees, rare. 362 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syw :—Ach. Lich. p. 671. 810.) Syn. p. 27. Conotrema urceolatum, Tuck. Syn. Lich. N. Am. 86, Fic :—Hals. Lich, N. Y.t. 1. £1 Exs :—Zw. 300. Crombie 95. Geoa. Distrip :—Europe, N. America. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanp :—Airds, Appin! Rev. J. M. Crombie. Spores .055 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 324. L. milliaria, Fr. cinereo-nigrescent, coarsely granulose, effuse; (K yellow C orange red); hypothallus migro-fuscous ; apothecia black, crowded, sessile, convex, almost spherical, immar- ginate ; hypothectum nigrescent ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly fusiformi-cylindrical, obtuse at the apices, almost sub-cylindrical, multiseptate. forma terrestris, Fr. On the earth, common. Syn :—Fr. L. Eur. 342. (1831) NyL Scand. 205, Mudd Man. 188. Exs :—Leight. 238. Grog. Distr :—Scandinavia, Germany, Africa, America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10...12, 13...15...(19...26...30)...31. ENGLAND :—Guisbro’ Moor! Cleveland. fr. Mudd. Cumberland. Mrs. Stanger. Starcross, near Torquay. Mr. Parfitt. Tiptree Heath, Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Toy’s Hill, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Caer Caradoc! Long Mynd! Shropshire. ScorLanp :—Ayrshire! Mfrs. Dobie. Ben Lawers; Blair Athole ; Banchory near Aberdeen. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Not uncommon. Mr, Carroll. Kylemore Castle! Dawros river ! Letter Hill! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Aber! Corwen! Pass of Llanberis! near Dolgelley! Cader Idris! CHANNEL IsLanpDs :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. montana, Nyl. cinerascent or whitish, slightly granulose ; apothecia black, nigricant within ; spores narrowly fusiform, obtuse at the apices, almost sub-cylindrical, multiseptate. On mosses in mountain ranges, frequent. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 205. (1861.) Exs :—Leight. 386. 388. Zw. 121. Mudd 156. Bohl. 85. Geoc. Distr :—Scandinavia. Bor, Prov :—5...7...10...12, 13...22, ENGLAND :—Guisbro’ Moor! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Cumberland! Afrs. Stanger. Caer Caradoc! Long Mynd ! Shropshire. ScotLanp :—Ayrshire ! Mrs. Dobie. IrELaND;—Co. Wicklow. Dr. Moore. between Letterfrack and Dawros Bridge! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Cader Idris! Pass of Llanberis! Var. syncomista, Flk. thallus granuloso-squamulose, squamules concrescent, crenato-lobate ; apothecia black ; hypothecium nigri- cant ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly fusiformi-cylindrical, obtuse at the apices, multiseptate. On sandy earth, rare. Syw :—Flk. in Berl. Mag. 3. 310. es Nyl. Scand. 205. Exs :—Anzi Langob, 148. Larbal. Geroc. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—8...15...31. EneLanD :—Deep Dale, Buxton. Dr. Holl. ScorianD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Quenvais! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma ligniaria, (Ach.) greyish-green, granulate, subleprose ; apothecia black, crowded, and confluent, immarginate. On dead wood and trees. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 363 Syn :—Ach, Univ. 169, Syn. 26. Mudd Man. 188, Exs :—Zw. 122. 276. Mudd. 158, Anzi Ital. 259, Arn, 348, 167 b. Grog. Distrrs :—Europe. Bor. Prov:—10, ENGLAND :—Baysdale ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. forma saxigena, Leight. greyish-green or greyish-brown, granu- late, often evanescent. On sandstone rocks, frequent. Syn :—Leight. Exs. 210, Mudd Man. 188, Exs :—Leight. 210. Mudd 157, Hepp 510. Arn. 167. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—3...5...7...10...26. Encuanp :—Lounsdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Leith Hill! Surrey. Mr. Joshua. Nesscliffe! Hopton ! Stableford ! Grinshill! ‘ Ue ona :—Lough Muck! Letter Hill! Dawros Bridge! Galway. Mr. Lar- aLestier. Wates :—Cader Idris ! Var. endoleuca, Leight. albido-cinerascent, minutely and scatter- edly granuloso-syuamulose ; apothecia black, convex, immargi- nate ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly fusi- formi-cylindrical, obtuse at the apices, 3-5-septate. On mosses in bogs. 1875. Bor. Prov :—26. TrReLanp :—Bogs near Kylemore! Doughruagh Mountain ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) Spores .016—.018 mm. long, .004 mm. broad, 325. L. phacodes, (Kérb.) glaucescent, scattered, granulose, effuse ; apothecia pale-yellow-jlesh-coloured, minute, numerous, scattered, sessile, convex, immarginate ; hypothecium colourless; spores 8, colourless, cylindrical or aciculari-cylindrical, multiseptate (7-septate). On trees, rare. Syn :—Bacidia, Korber Par. 130. (1865.) Crombie En. 73, Exs :—Aunzi Etr. 25. Zw. 340. 339. : Gro«. Distr1B :—Germany, Italy, Bavaria, Sweden. Spores .027—.034 mm. long, .003—.005 mm. broad. K and C when applied consecutively, manifest 2 marginal thin dark line around the apothecia. forma chlorotica, Ach. pulverulento-granulose, wrescent ; apo- thecia pale-yellow. On trees, Thymus Serpyllum, Ulex Huropceus, Calluna vulgaris, Elm, rare. 1851. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 196. (1810,) Crombie En. 73. Grog. Distrie ;—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...7...10...19...24...26...31. Ewcanp :—Thirsk ! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. (1851.) New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Thame Park Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. TRELAND :—Dunscombe’s Wood, Cork; Muckruss demesne and Island in Upper Lake, Killarney ; Castleconnel and Tervoe, Limerick ; Killaloe, Clare. Mr. Carroll. Killery Bay. Mr. Larbalestier. (saxicole) Lough Feagh. Wates :—Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Cuannet Istanps :—Noirmont! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 326. L. saxigena, Uloth. greyish-green granuloso-pulverulent ; apothecia black, hemispherical, prominent, sessile ; hypothecium colourless : paraphyses distinct, coherent, spores 8, colourless, fust- form, 3-5-septate. 364 THE LICHEN-FLORA On rocks, rare. 1876. Bor. Prov :—7...26. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Mr, Larbalestier. Wates :—Dolgelley ! 327. LL, leucopheopsis, Nyl. white, squamulose, sguamules small, rotundato-difformed, adnate, depressed in the centre, dispersed or contiguous, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia brownish-black, opake, convex, concolorous within; hymeneal stratum dark-greyish ; spores 6 or 8, colourless, fusiform, generally 3-septate but some- times 4-5-6-septate ; paraphyses slender, distinct, entangled ; epithe- cium and hypothecium yellowish-brown ; gelatina hymenea bluish and thece vinous-red with iodine. ; On quartzose stones, rare. 1872. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 20. Crombie in Grevillea 1. 141. Bor. Prov :—15. . ( a :—Plentiful, but rare in fruit on Ben Lawers! Rev. J. M. Crombie. 1872. “ Spores .024—34 mm. long, .005—8 mm. broad.” (WVyl.) Spores .027—.036 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 328. L. sabuletorum, Flk. albido-cinerascent, thin, granuloso- squamulose, effuse ; apothecia pallido-fuscescent or fuscous or fusco- nigricant, convex ; hypothecium slightly brown upwards, otherwise pale ; spores 8, colourless, broadly. fusiform, acute at the apices, 5-septate. On decayed mosses on walls, frequent. Syn :—Flk., in Berl. Mag. 1808. e: 809. Nyl. Scand. 204. Fic :—Mass. Ric. f. 234. Hepp Sporen t. 16. f. 138. Exs :—Larbal. 81. Hepp 138. Groc. DistR1B :—Sweden, Germany, France. Bort. Prov :—3...5, 6, 7...15...19...26...31. EncLanp :—Oswestry! Rev. 7. Salwey. Shoreham Churchyard; Tilgate Forest, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Maidstone, Kent. Mf7. Holmes. near Oxford. Mr. Larbalestier. near Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Sundorne! Holly Park! near Stokesay. Llanymynech Hill! Stiperstones ! Shifnal! Shropshire. ScoTLanpD ;—Near Aberdeen. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Middle Road! near Blackpool! co. Cork. Mr. Carroll. Salrock! Ballynakill Churchyard walls! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa es —Near Dolgelley ! Caswell Bay ! Mumbles, CHANNEL IsLAnps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores ,020—38 mm. long, .006--8 mm. broad. Spores .018—34 mm. long, ae mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .028—.033 mm, long, .006—.007 mm. road. Var. Dufourei, (Ach.) spores l-septate, Nyl. in Flora 1867, p- 373. f. simplicior, Nyl. Scand. 205. has occurred on Cader Idris ! 1866, on moss and earth. Crib Coch! Snowdon. Spores .016 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. (K—C—) Hypothecium colourless, And also another var. monophragmia, Nyl. in litt. is mentioned as collected at Morrone, Braemar in Crombie En. 71. 329. L. premnea, Ach. cinerascent or cinereo-virescent, very thin, effuse, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, opake, naked or virescenti- pruinose, moderate, plane, margin thin, prominent, Slexuose ; hypothecium black ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-or broadly-fusi- form, apices acute, 5-septate. On old trees, frequent. 1785. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 365 Syn :—Ach, L. U. 173. (et var. taxicola, 671.) (1810.) Syn. 17. Nyl. Scand. 241. Mudd Man. 222. Fic :—E. Bot. 1682. Leight. Ang. Lich, t. 28. f. 3. Exs :—Bohl. 101. Mudd 197. Leight. 124. Hepp 514. Geog, Distris :—Switzerland, Germany, France, Java, Bot. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7...10, 11, 12...19...24 ..26 31. ENGLAND :—Epping Forest. Afzelius. Plymouth. Myr. Holmes. Hill Beck, Westmoreland. Rev. J. Harriman. Suffolk. Rev. Mr. Leathes. North of England. Dr. Dickson. (1785.) near Bristol. Miss Attwood. Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd, Middleton lane! Oswestry. Rev. 7. Salwey. near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Red Hills, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Rivenhall; Kelvedon! Mark’s Hall, Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev. J. M.Crombie. Tunbridge Wells. M7. Jenner. Penshurst ! Porlock, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Brampton Brian Park ! Here- fordshire ; Downton Castle Woods! Stableford ! Shropshire. TrEwanD :—Curraghmore. Adm. Jones. Castlebernard Park and Kilbrittain near Bandon; Adare Abbey, Limerick. M1. Carroll. Wates :—Nannau. Mr Holmes. CHANNEL IsLaNps :—Guernsey ; La Moye, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘* Spores .0045 to .005 in. long, by .001in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .018— 25 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I pale-vinoso-fulvescent orrubescent.” (Nyl.) Spores .019—.026 mm. long, .0055—.006 mm. broad. forma saxicola, Leight. greyish-green, thin, granuloso-leprose, effuse ; apothecia black, sessile, numerous, virescenti-pruinose. On sandstone rocks, not uncommon. 1837, Syn :—Leight. Exs, 185. Mudd Man. 222. Exs :—Leight. 185. Zw. 15. 301. Nyl. 67. Mudd 198, Hepp 515. Arn, 292. Rabh. 895. Groce. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5 ..7...10...26. ae :—Airyholme Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Nesscliffe ! Shrop- 8 e. IrELaNnD :—Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Waters :—Between Arddog and Yynysfaig! Rev. T. Salwey. (1887.) forma. teichogena, Nyl. sub-ecrustaceous , apothecia black, plane, naked, margined. On brick walls. Enetanp :—Lele Monachorum! Devon. Mr, Larbalestier. forma crenatula, Nyl. evanescent ; apothecia black, plane, naked, margin flexuose, somewhat crenulate. On sandstone rocks, rare. 1867. CHannex Istanps :—La Moye! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. (1867.) 330. L. farinosa, (Ach.) white, powdery, unequal, thin, some- times sub-granulose, (K—C—); apothecia black, albo-pruinose, plane or sub-convex, small; hypothecium nigricant; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-5-septate. On old trees, not common. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 187. (1810.) Syn. 32. Nyl. Scand, 240. Lecanactis illecebrosa, Fr. L. E, 376. Lichen amylaceus, Ehrh. Schismatomma amylaceum, Mudd Man. 222. (in part). Exs :—Scher. 627. Zw. 124. Hepp 533. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 62. f. 533. Goa. Distris :—Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Hungary. ‘Spores .016—21 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinoso- fulvo-rufescent.” (MNyl.) Spores .018—.021 mm. long, .002—.003 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then reddish-brown. 331. ZL. carneo-albens, Nyl. glauco-virescent, thin, granulose, in- determinate, (K yellow C red); apothecia fleshy-white, somewhat 366 THE LICHEN-FLORA conver, tmmarginate, internally colourless; hypothecium colour- less ; paraphyses distinct, branched towards the colourless apices ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-fusiform, 7-septate. On inundated rocks, very scarce. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 307. Bor. Prov :—26. IrELanD :—Killery Bay! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Spores .0295 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. ‘‘Spore bacillares subrecte 3-5-septate .023—27 mm. Jong, .0025—.0035 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I fulvorubescent especially the thecze whose apices are at first blue.” (Vyl.) 332. L. lubens, Nyl. greyish-glaucous, granulose, effuse ; apothecia pale-jlesh-coloured or livid-brownish, small, numerous, crowded, at length convex; hypothecium fuscescent ; paraphyses coherent, apices colourless; spores 8 or very variable in number, colourless, fusiform, 5-9-septate ; gelatina hymenea I deep-bluish. On trees, near the roots, rare. 1874. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 311. Bor. Prov :—3. EncianpD :—Shere! Surrey. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1874.) ‘Spores 0.028—50 mm. long, 0.007—0.011 mm. broad. Allied to LZ. sabule- torum, var, amena, Ohl. but differing in character of spores.” (Wyl.) Spores ,039—.042 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. 333. L. subretusa, Strn. whitish or evanescent; apothecia black, moderate, convex, immarginate ; hypothecium fuscous-black or fusco- rufous ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-9- (generally 7-) septate ; paraphyses not well discrete, almost conglutinate, cewulescent at the apices. On Weissta compacta, rare. 1871. Syw :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 24. (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. : ScottanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton. (1871.) “Spores .045—.06 mm. long, .01—.012 mm. broad. Allied to L. sabuletorum.” (Stirt.) ‘Possibly this may be Lecidea accedens, Arn. or an old state o: Lecidea sabuletorum,” (Crombie in Grevillea 3, 143.) 384. L. carneo-glauca, Nyl. glaucous-green, thin, opake, sub- leprose, whitish, limitate, (K—-C—) ; apothecia sordid, or pale-flesh- coloured, convex, immarginate, whitish within ; hypothectum colour- less ; paraphyses slender, not very well discrete ; spores 8, colour- less, attenuato-fusiform, 1-5-septate. On siliceous maritime rocks, very rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1873. p. 295, Bor. Prov :—81. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .025—40 mm. long, .0030—35 mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I bluish then tawny. Spermogonia pale, urceolate, spermatia oblong.” (2yl.) 335. JL. citrinella, Ach. citrine or bright-jlavo-virescent, granu- lose, pulverulent, effuse ; apothecia black, appressed, solitary or con- glomerate, margin thick, obtuse; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, slender, elongato-acicular, multiseptate, cells containing oily globules. On earth and mosses amongst mountains, frequent. 1793. Syrw :—Ach. Kongl. Vet. Acad. N. H. 16. 135. (1795.) Syn, 25. Nyl. Scand, 248, Mudd Man. 186. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 367 Fic :—E. Bot. 1877. Sturm Fl. Germ. t. 31. Mudd Man. t. 3. £. 70. Exs :—Leight. 303. Groce. Distris :—Sweden, Bavaria, Transylvania. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...11, 12, 18...15...19...22...26, Eneianp :—Cumberland! Mrs, Stanger. Oswestry ! Rev. T. Salwey. Teesdale! Mr. Robertson. Hay Tor, Dartmoor. Dr. Holl, Cox Tor! Devon. Mr. Curnow. SoorLanpD :—Ayrshire! Mrs. Dobie. Ben Lawers. Dr. Maingay. Glen Fender ; Craig Tulloch; Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IrgLanp :—Bonane! and Kilceanagh co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. co. Wicklow. Dr. Moore. Doughruagh Mountain ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Cader Idris. Dr. Holl. Bettws-y-coed, Mr. Holmes. Llangollen ! Builth! Trefriw! Craig Dhu! near Criccieth. “Spores .014 to .019 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .036— -100 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” Gelatina hymenea I—.” '(Wyl.) Spores -056—.061 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. broad. 336. L. carneola, Ach. whitish or granuloso-pulverulent, evan- escent ; apothecia rufous or carneo-fuscescent, small, adnate, some- what concave or sub-urceolate, margin thick, elevated, pale; hypo- thecium pale, excipulum lateral, pale-brown ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-acicular, multiseptate, (13-septate) large. On trees, oak, beech, rare. 1794. Syn :—Ach, L. U. 194. (1810.) Syn. 42. Nyl. Scand. 191. Mudd Man. 182. Fic :—With. 4, t. 31. f. 3. E. Bot. 965. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 14. f. 4. Exs :—Leight. 117. Anzi It. S. 261. Zw. 192. Nyl. 182. Hepp 521, Mass. 269. Groce. Distr :—Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Sweden, N. America, Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5 . 7, 8...10, 11...19...31. ENGLAND :—Eggleston, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Studley Wood near Ripon. Mr. Brunton. Twycross! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Sussex! Mr, Borrer. Tilgate Forest ! Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Bolton. Dr. Carrington. near Lyndhurst in New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Blackstone rock, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Ugbrooke Park, Rova and Penn Woods near Ilsington, Devon. Messrs. ae & Kingston. Park, Cirencester. Mr. W. Joshua. Haughmond Hill! Shrop- shire. IRELAND :—Dinis, Killarney. Mr. Carvoil. Watezs :—Garn near Denbigh. Mr. Griffith. (1794.) Bettws-y-coed ! Trefriw ! CuanneL Istanps ;—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .008 to .012 in. long, by .00075 to .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘* Spores .058—.080 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I pale blue.” (WVyl.) Spores .0645—.067 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 337. L. endoleuca, Nyl. greyish-white or pale-tawny, thin, effuse, smooth or granulose ; apothecia black, scattered, sessile, plane or plano-convex, margin thick, smooth; hypothecium colourless ; and excipulum dusky externally ; paraphyses distinct, apices nigricant ; hymenium bluish in section; spores 8, colourless, elongato- acicular, multiseptate, (7-septate.) On trees, ash, Ulex Europeus, alder, mountain-ash, Calluna vulgaris, frequent. Syn :—Nyl. Obs. Holm. 2. 7. (1853.) Prodr. 114. Mudd Man. 183, Exs :—Leight. 90. Bohl. 90. Grog. DistR1B :—France, Sweden, Switzerland. Bor. Prov: —1, 2, 3...5, 6, 7, 8...10...19...26...31, EneLanp ;—Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Oswestry! Rev. T. Salwey. Twycross! Rev. A. Bloxam. eee Wood! Hoggarts Wood, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Hilk’s Wood, Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. near Thirsk. M7. Baker. Essex! Mr. Piggott. near Lewes, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Haldon and Budleigh Salterton. Mr. Paryitt. near Bath ; Churchill near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Kelvedon; Mark’s Hall; Braxted; Sible Headingham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wrekin near Shrewsbury ! Shropshire. TrELAnp :—Lord Sligo’s demesne, Westport ! co, Mayo; Dawros river ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, 368 THE LICHEN-FLORA Wass :—Barmouth! Builth! Capel Arthog! Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Llanbedrog ! Pembrokeshire ; Gaer Ditches ! CHANNEL IsLtanps :—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .052—68 mm. long, .004mm. broad.” (yl.) Spores .05 mm. long, -003 mm. broad, forma muscicola, Nyl. On mosses, rare. IRELAND :—Dinis Island, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Banks of Lough Muck ! co. Galway. Mr, Larbalestier. Watess :—Dolgelley ! 388. L. intermedia, Hepp. whitish, thin, unequal; apothecia rosy-flesh-colour, moderate, somewhat plane, obtusely margined (when moist corneo-hyaline) ; epithecium and hypothecium colour- less ; paraphyses slender ; spores 8, colourless, acicular, 5-7-septate. _On elm, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. Tare. Or. 184. (1866.) Fic :—Stizenb. Nadelf. Sp. p. 42, t. 2. £. 17. Grog, Distr :—E. Lopiadd: Bor. Prov :—26. ogy :—Lord Sligo’s demesne, Westport, co. Mayo. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .042—52 mm. long, ,0020—.0025 mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red.” (Nyl.) 339. L. Leightoniana, Larbal. virescent, thin, tartareous, effuse, granulato-furfuraceous, somewhat rimulose ; apothecia livido-rufous, moderate, scattered, sessile, plane, with a thickish pale persistent margin; hypothecium pale-dusky-brown, subtended by a colourless horny excipulum ; parapbyses distinct, apices colourless ; spores 8, colourless, excessively slender, elongato-acicular, T-9-septate, arcuate. On damp rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Larbalestier in litt. 1877. Bor. Prov :—26. Trevanp :—Near Lough Feagh ! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) Spores .054 mm. long, .002 mm. broad. 340. L. scopulicola, Nyl. greyish-grey, verrucoso-unequal, thin- nish, effuse; apothecia brownishflesh-coloured, at first obtusely margined, when old convex ; spores 8, colourless, acicular, thinly or obsoletely 3-5-septate ; paraphyses slender; epithecium colourless ; hypothecium colourless, (but tawny brown in the sub-hymeneal stratum) ; gelatina hymenea I bluish and then tawny-vinous-red. On maritime rocks. 1874. Syn :—NylL. in Flora 1874, 312. Bor. Prov :—1. EncianD :—Near Penzance, Cornwall. Mr. Curnow. (1874.) “Spores 0.032—44 mm. long, 0.002 mm. broad.” (WVy/l.) 341. ZL. polysita, Stirtn. cinereous or pale-cinereo-fuscescent, thickish, sywamulose or squamuloso-concrete, squamule crenulate or sometimes somewhat concave, (K—C—) ; apothecia fuscous or fuscous-black, sessile, somewhat plane, immarginate, at length con- vex and prominent ; hypothecium luteo-rufescent, thick, or in a thick lamina fuscous or nigrofuscous, K purple and also the inferior portion of the hymenium; paraphyses distinct, apices colourless, not clavate ; spores 8, colourless, acicular or somewhat bacillar, straight, 3-11-septate. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 369 On old dead bark, rare. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Scott. Naturalist 4 p. 28. (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. ScornanD :—Near Ben Brecht, Argyleshire. Mr. Paterson. (1874.) 342. L. rosella, (Pers.) cinerascent, thin, unequal or granulose ; apothecia rose-coloured or flesh-coloured, subpruinose, moderate, numerous, scattered, sessile, plane, margin thick, obtuse, pale ; hypothecium and excipulum colourless or pale-yellow ; spores 8, colourless, bacilliform, multiseptate. On trees, rare. 1806. Syn :—Persoon in Ust, Ann. 7. 25. (1794.) Ach. Meth. 57. Nyl. Scand. 208, Mudd Man. 181. Fic :—E. Bot. 1651. Hepp Sporen t. 60. f. 522. Exs :—Scher. 217. Hepp 522. Zw. 231. Stenh. 136. Reich. & Schub. 55. Gzog. Distr :—Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Bavaria, Austria, Bor. Prov :—2...5...10...15. ENGLAND :—New Forest. Miss Biddulph. (1806.) near Ripon, Yorkshire. Mr. Brunton, near Hastings, Worcester, and Malvern. Dr. Holl, Chelsfield, Kent. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ScotLanpD :—Highlands, Mr Turner. Spores .015 to .018 in. long by .00075 to .001in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .068—98 mm. long, .0045—.005 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .060—100 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Paraphyses slender, coherent, apices pale-yellow-brown. Gelatina hymenea I blue. Spores .059 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. Thallus and apothecia K yellow C yellow. 343. L. rubella, (Ehrh.) yellowish or greyish-green, thin, effuse, minutely sguamuloso-granulate ; apothecia luteo-rufescent or reddish- jlesh-coloured, moderate, numerous, scattered, or congregate, sessile, plane or convex, margin thin, smooth, obtuse ; hypothectum pale- yellow ; spores 8, colourless, bacilliform, multiseptate. On trees, especially elm, frequent. 1801. Syn :—Ehrhart Pl. Crypt. 196. (1785,) Mudd Man. 182. Lecidea luteola, var. a, Ach, Syn. 41. Nyl. Scand. 209. ZL. porriginosus, Turn! Linn. Trans. 7. 94. Fic :—H. Bot. 845. Hepp Sporen t. 16. f. 141. Exs :—M. & N. 641. Scher. 210. Nyl. 55. Leight. 92. Fries L. 8. 197, (fide Nyl.) Anzi Etr. 23. Hepp 141. Bohl. 91, Geog. Distris :—Switzerland, France, Hungary, Austria, Italy, Germany Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland. Bor. Prov :—1...3...5...10...15...19, 20...24 ..28 ..30, 31. ENGLAND :—Ingleby ! Kildale! Ayton! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Essex! Mr. Piggott. Torquay. Dr. Deakin. near Malvern, and Kempsey near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Haldon, Exeter. Mr. Paryitt. Kelvedon; Aldham, Essex, Mr. Varenne. - Chelsfield, Selling, Chilstone Park, Kent, Mr. Holmes. Holton Park! Tets+ worth ! Thame, Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Cadgwith near the Lizard, Corn- wall. Mr. Curnow, Bourton on the Water. Mr. W. Joshua, Shelton Rough ! near Shrewsbury ; Worfield! Shropshire. ScotianD :—Aberfeldy. Dr. Holl. . feels IRELAND :—Oastlemartyr co: Cork; Carrigogunnel and Adare, Limerick. Mr. Carroll, Curraghmore, Waterford. Adm. Jones. Glenarm. Dr. Moore. Shanis Castle, co. Antrim, Mr. Wright. Lord Sligo’s demesnes, Westport ! Mayo. Dawros river! co, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL ISLANDS :—Sark ! Rev. ZT. Salwey. “ Spores .014 to .018 in. long, by .00075 in. broad. Spermatia very fine and delicate, cylindrical, curved or undulate.” (Mudd.) “Spores .058—100 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then violet or vinous-red.” (T. M. Fries.) ‘Spores .045—.075 mm. long, .003—.0045 mm. broad.” (yl. ) Thallus K slightly yellow C yellow, but does not affect the apothecia except by manifesting a dark circumferential very thin line, Z 370 THE LICHEN-FLORA 344. L. bacillifera, Nyl. evanescent ; apothecia black, small, scattered, plane, margin thickish ; hypothecium thick, horny, slightly brown ; spores 8, colourless, biscillsfornes 6-septate. On trees, rare. 1866. Syn :—Nyl. in Mus. Fenn. 82. (1861.) Scand. 210. Exs :—Fellm. 172. 173. Groc. Distris :—E. Lapland, Sweden, Finland. Bor. Prov :—7...24. IRELAND :—Kilkee and Ross co. Clare. Mr. paras Wags :—Penmaen pool! near Dolgelley. (1866.) “ Spores .015—23 mm. long, .002—3 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .042 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. Var. alpina, (Hepp.) grey, granuloso-concrescent, diffract ; apothecia black, internally white or whitish ; hypothecium colour- less ; spores 3-7-septate, straight. On mosses and earth among alpine rocks, rare. Srw :—Hepp fide Stizb. Lecid. nadelf. p. 15. (1863.) Nyl. Lapp. Or. 156. Fic :—Stizb. L c. t. 1. f. 2. Groc. Distr :—E. Lapland. Bort. Prov :—15...31. ScoTLanD :—Morrone; Craig Guie, Braemar, Rev. J. M. Crombie. CHANNEL IsLanDs—Herm. Mr. Larbalestier. 345. L. muscorum, (Sw.) cinerascent, very thin, albido-granu- lose, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, small, numerous, crowded, plane or sub-convex, margin obliterated ; hypothecium dark-/uscous ; spores 8, colourless, bacilliform, 3-7- multiseptate. On mosses and earth, rare. 1785. Syn erate N. Act. Ups. 4 245. (1776.) Nyl. Scand. 210. Lapp. Or. 155. Mudd Man. 1) Fic :—E. Be 626, Relh. Fl. Cantab. 424. Nyl. in Bot. Notis. 1852. f. 4. Exs :—Leight. 190. Mudd 152. Arn. 295, Geog, DisTRIB ;—Sweden, Germany. Bor. Prov :—4, 5, 6, 7, 8...10...15.. Yo. 23.081, ENGLAND :—Gogmag: ‘og Hills, Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. Relhan. (1785.) Mat- lock Bath. Sir J. EZ. Smith. Buxton, Norfolk. Mr. Turner. Redcar! Cleveland. Mr, Mudd. near Bristol. Miss Attwood. Malvern Hills; Bath Hampton Downs. Dr. Holl. Yatton, Somerset. Mr. Joshua. ScoTLanD :—Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :——Middle road near Cork! Mfr. Carroll, Malahide. Dr. Carrington. WALES :—Tenby ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :— Quenvais, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .006—.007 in. long, by .0005 in. broad.” (Jfudd.) ‘Spores .027— .040 mm. long, .0025—.0030 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I pale-blue then vinous-red” (Nyl.) Spores .0355—.040 mm. long, .0025—.003 mm. broad. 346. L. effusa, (Sm.) yellowish-green, thin, crustaceous, rimose, scurfy ; apothecia pale-yellow flesh-coloured, sessile, small, plane and with thickish margin or plano-convex and immarginate ; hypothe- cium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, bacilliform, 7-septate. On trees, Ulex Europeus, not common. 1808. Syn :—Smith ! in E. Bot. 1863. (1808.) Fic :—E. Bot. 1863. (in part.) Exs :—Arn. 231. Zw. 370. Geroc. DisTRIB :—Bavaria, are eet: Germany, Normandy. Bort. Prov :—2, 3...7...19... ENGLAND :—New Forest ! fae “Mr. Lyell & Mr. Borrer. 1808.) Kelvedon ; Braxted, Essex. Mr. Varenne. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 371 IRELAND :—Sunday’s Well Weirs, Cork. Mfr. Carroll. near Letterfrack } tanh He Feagh ! Mr. Larbalestier. :—Pen-maen-mawr! Gloddaeth ! Carnarvonshire. cana IsLanps :—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .035 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. K and C applied consecutively to the apothecia manifest a thin marginal line around the disk. Var. fuscella, Fr. apothecia minute, numerous, sessile, convex and conglomerate, fuscescent. On trees, ash, oak, Rese: common. Syy :—Fr. 8. V. 8. p 1846). Exs :—Leight. 211. Bg Nyi. 135. Zw. 88. 372, Mudd 148. Hepp 24. Geroa. Distrip :—Sweden, Germany, Bavaria, France. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7, 8...10...24...28...31. EncLanp :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Gopsall ! Leicestershire. Rey. A. Bloxum. Airyholme Wood! Cockshaw ! Stokesley ! Stogdale! Cliffrigg! Ingleby Park; Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Felix Hall Park! Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. near Northleach, Gloucestershire. Mr. W. Joshua. Wrekin! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Tervoe near Limerick. Mr. Carroll. Armagh. Adm. Jones. WatEs :—Bryn-y-Maelgwyn ! Conway. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. Var. cesio-pruinosa, Mudd. apothecia pale-bluish-green colour. On oaks, elder, rare. oo Man. 183. (1861.) Bacidia cerulea, Korb. Biatora Friesiana B. e Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 32. f. 288. OF :—Leight. 150. Mudd 150. Zw. 88. bis, Arn. 291. Hepp 746. Anzi Ven. Grog. DISTRIB : So Hungary, Italy. Bor. Prov :—3...5...8...10. ENGLAND Seeteet Yorkshire. Mr, Mudd. (1861.) Pirton, near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Chelmsford! Mr. Piggott. Gopsal! Rev. A. Blocam. Sibertswold near Dover. Beechborough, Newington, Kent. Mr. Holmes. near Dursley, Gloucester- shire. Mr. Joshua. Shere! Surrey. Dr. Capron. Sutton near Shrewsbury ! Lop- pington ! Shropshire. Var. inundata, (Fries.) tawny-virescent, thin, crustaceous, rimoso- areolate, scurfy ; apothecia pale-brown, minute, numerous, sub-in- nato-sessile, plano-convex, margin thin ; hypothecium pale ; spores 8, colourless, bacilliform, 7-septate. On rocks in streams, rare. Syn :—Fries L. Eur. 261. (1831.) Mudd Man. 183, Exs :—Mudd 149. Zw. 235. Grog. DistRrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—5, 6...10...19 ..26...31. ENGLAND :—Airyholme Wood! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Abdon ! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Sunday’s Well Weirs, Cork. Mr. Carroll. near Kylemore Castle ! Letterfrack! Mullaghglass! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Waxes :—Fishguard Harbour! Pembrokeshire. UBANNEL IsLanDS :—Noirmont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. K and C applied consecutively manifest a thickish marginal ring around the disk of the apothecia. Var. delicata, Larbal. apothecia pale-rose, albo-pruinose. Lough Feagh. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 347. L. caligans, Nyl. fuligineo-nigricant, thin, rugose, diffract, indeterminate ; apothecia nigricant, plane, with an obtuse margin, internally pallescent ; hypothecium colourless, excipulum fuscescent 372 THE LICHEN-FLORA upwards ; paraphyses indistinct, apices colourless; spores 8, colourless, slenderly acicular ; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. On maritime rocks, very rare. 1873. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1874, p. 10. Bort. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—On a single block of stone near Fort Essex, Alderney. Mr. Larbalestier. (1873.) 348. L. pulvinata, (Tayl.) pale-greentsh-brown or cream-coloured, thickish, pulvinate, granuloso-squamulose, squamules very minute, congregate and pulvinate ; apothecia black, small, concave or plane, margin thick, obtuse, eventually convex and immarginate ; hypo- thecium thick, dark-brownish-black ; spores 8, colourless, acicular or sub-clavate, curved, multiseptate ; paraphyses conglutinate. On mosses in alpine places, rare. 1836 Sry :—Tayl. FL Hib. 2. 123. (1836.) Geroc. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...19...26. EncuianpD :—Falcon Cliff, Teesdale. Rev. T. Salwey. IRELAND :—Mangerton; Dereenafinchy Mountain, co. Kerry. Dr Taylor. (1836.) Brandon Mountain. Dr. Moore. west slope of Doughruagh Mountain ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Drws Ardudwy. Rev. T. Salwey. Llyn-y-Cae. Mr. Holmes. Bar- mouth! Aran Mowddwy ‘ie Cacao 349. L. oribata, Nyl. greyish-brown, thinly sub-granuloso- verruculose, spores 3-5-septate. On the ground, in alpine regions, rare. 1873. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1874. p. 16. Scotian :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton. (1873.) “Subspecies sit subincompte. Spores .028—40 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (2yl.) 350. L. herbarum, (Hepp) ecrustaceous; apothecia rufescent, moderate, plane, margined, or somewhat plane and margin evanes« cent; hypothecium luteo-rufescent or lutescent, darker under the hymenium ; paraphyses slender, apices somewhat clavate, colour- less ; spores 8, colourless, bacilliform, straight or sometimes flexuose, 5-7-septate. On the ground amongst rocks, rare. 1873. Syn :—Stizb. Nadelf. p. 46. (1863.) Nyl. Lapp. Or. 155. Fic :—Stizb. lc. t. 2. f. 20. Exs :—Arn. 290. Bor. Prov :—31. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Sark. Mr. Larbalestier. (1873.) “* Gelatina hymenea I blue then dirty-vinous-red. Spores .038—48 mm. long, .0020—.0025 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .039 mm. long, .0025 mm. broad. I. Spores muralilocular. * Hypothecium dark. 351. LL. geographica, (L.) citrine or bright-yellow, tartareous, continuous, areolato-rimulose, determinate, nigro-tlimitate, areole plane or convex and tumid ; apothecia black, plane, small, scattered or confluent, innate between or on the areole ; hypothecium black ; spores 8, nigrescenti-fuscous, oblong, irregularly muralilocular. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 373 On mountain rocks, common. 1795; rk oo Sp, Pl. No. 2. (1753.) Ach. Syn. 21. Nyl. Scand. 248, Mudd an. 221. ‘ a :—E, Bot. 245, Scher. En. t. 5. f. 3. Hoffm. Pl. Lich, t, 54. f. 2, excl, . &C. Geog. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, Norway, Scandinavia, Great Bear Lake. Bor. Prov :—1...5...7...11...14...18...19...30)...31. EneLanD :—On rocks. Sir J. E, Smith. (Ea) Norte of England, Mr. Hud- son. Northumberland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Dartmoor. Mr. Parfitt. Malvern Hills sx supers Shropshire, Mr. Purton. Devon. Mr. Holmes. Lustleigh Cleve and Blackstone Rock, Devon. Rev. J. P, Jones. Haughmond Hill! Wrekin ! Caer Caradoc! SoottanD :—Garrynahine, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. Long Island, Prof. Balfour. TRELAND :—Mountainous districts. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Common, CHANNEL IstanDs :—Common on all the Islands, Mr. Larbalestier. af ps -005 to .007 in. long, by .0025 to .003in. broad. Spermatia straight, cylindrical,” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .027—40 mm. long, .011—13 mm. broad.’ (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .022—36 mm. long, .011—18 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fries.) Spores .027 mm. long, .012 mm. broad. A most protean species, of which the following are the principal British forms :— forma contigua, Scher. citrine-yellow, tartareous, contiguous, areolato-rimulose, plane ; apothecia black, scattered or chiefly con- fluent, and angulato-difformed, arising between the areole from the black hypothallus, plane, level with the areola, with a very thin sharp margin. On rocks, common, Syn :—Scher. En. 106. Mudd Man. 221, Fie :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 53. f. 6. and t. 54. f, 2. and d. Scher, En. t. 5. f, 3. Exs :—Scher. 172. Anzi Ital. S. 302. A. Hepp 152. M. & N. 640. b. Grog. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...7. i Ewe uanpD :—Caer Caradoc ! Shropshire. ‘Wates :—Cader Idris! Cwm Bochlwyd! Cwm Idwal! Aran Mowddwy ! Capel Curig! Llyn Cwlyd! forma atrovirens, (L.) citrine-yellow, areole’ scattered, more or less distinct and dispersed, tumid, convex ; apothecia black, plane or tumid, with a thin margin, arising from the black predominating hypothallus or from the areola. On rocks, not frequent. Syn :—Linn. Sp. Pl. 1607. (1753.) Scher. En, 106, Nyl, Scand, 248, Fic :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 17. £. 4. Exs :—Hepp. 153. Arn. 512. ¢. : Grog, DistTRIB eet Germany, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—7...26. . TRELAND :—Dawros river! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Waves :—Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy! Moel-y-gest! near Tremadoc, forma sphoerica, Scher. greenish-yellow, verrucoso-areolate, areolee distinct or crowded, twmid, smooth ; apothecia black or brownish- black, round, protuberant, elevated above the level of the areolee, convex, rough, immarginate, arising from the black hypothallus or the areola. On rocks, frequent. 374 THE LICHEN-FLORA rue :—Scher. En. 106. (1850.) Mudd Man, 221. viridiatra, Leight. L. FL 2d. e Exs : :—Leight. 93. Lindig 163. Anzi Ital. S. 305. Zw. 139. Grog. DIstRIB :—Scandinavia, Italy, Germany, Nova Granada. Bor, Prov :—5...7...10. Eneianp:—Burton Head ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Haughmond Hill ! Pontes- ford Hill! Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. Stannor Hill! Herefordshire. WALES :—Moel Siabod! Barmouth ! Moel-y-Golfa! forma urceolata, Scher. citrine-yellow or greenish-yellow, areolate or areolato-rimulose, areole plane or tumid, smooth ; apothecia black, round, more or less urceolate, margin thick, smooth, prominent, entire or flecuose, arising either from the black hypothallus or from the areole. On rocks, common. Syn :—Scher. En. 106. (1850.) Mudd Man, 221. Fie :—Hoffm. Pl. Lich. t. 54, f. 2. a. Exs :—Anzi Ital. S. 302. B. 303. Hepp ig Fellm. 203. Scher. 623. Mass. 169. Mudd 196. M. & N. 640. c. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 47. Grog. DistTRIB :—Vosges, Pyrenees, Tialy, Germany, Arctic America, E. Lapland, Norway. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...15. Encianp :—Kildare Moor ! Battersley! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Oswestry ! mee T. Salwey. Stannor Hill, Herefordshire! Wrekin! Long Mynd! Shrop- shire. ScorLanp :—Ben Lawers! Amulree! Birnam Hill! Dr. Lindsay, Wates :—Llyn-y-Cae! Barmouth! Moel Siabod! Cwm Cywion! Moel-y- Golfa! Moel-y-Gest! Cwm Tryfaen! Conway! Capel Curig! forma cyclopica, Nyl. citrine-yellow, areolee more or less scattered, elevato-convex, each ocellate with an apothectum ; apothecia blackish- brown, more or less concave and sunken, with a very thin margin, and with a prominent thick thalline margin. On slate rocks, rare. Syn :—Nyl. Scand, 248, (1861.) Fic :—Hoffm., Pl. Lich. t. 54. f. 2. bo. Grog. Ce ee ‘Switzerland. Bot. Prov :—7... ScorLanp :—Ben Lawers, Perthshire, Dr. Lindsay, Wates :—Moel-y-Gest ! Barmouth! Aberdovey ! forma gerontica, (Ach.) areole albo-sub-pulverulent, plane or tumid, scattered or rimuloso-areolate ; apothecia black, plane. On mountain rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 45. (1803.) Nyl. Scand. 248, pulverulenta, Scher. En, 106. Exs :—Scher. 624, Groc. DIstRiB ee Norway, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...7...15, 16, 17. Eneuanp :—Long Niygdt Shropshire, ScorLanD :—‘‘ In Scotize medie alpinis.” Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Aran Mowddwy ! 352. L. fecunda, (Th. M. Fr.) cinereo-virescent, thickish, effuse, Surfuraceo-concrescent, apothecia black, sessile, appressed, concave or plane, naked, margin thickish, flexuose ; hypothecium nigro- fuscous ; spores 8, fuscescent, oblong or ellipsoid, muralilocular. On old posts, &e., rare. 1865. Syn :—Lopadium fecundum, Th, M. Fr. Lich, Arct. 202. (1860.) Grog, DISTRIB :—Finmark, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 375 Bor, Prov :—5. _ EnGuanp :—Maddox Hill! near Wrekin, Shropshire, (1865.) 353. L. pesizoidea, Ach. cinereo-fuscescent, thin, subsquamuloso- concrescent ; apothecia fuscous-black, elevated, somewhat concave, margin thin, inflexed, entire, paler ; Aypothectum brownish-black ; spores 1, fuscescent, ellipsoid, murali-divided, large. On mosses in alpine regions, rare. 1861. Syn :—Ach, L. U. 182. (1810.) Syn. 26. Ny]. Scand. 212, Lapp, Or. 156, Mudd Man, 190. a ee Fic :—Hepp Sporen t, 56. f. 482, ae :—Zw, 342, Anzi Langob. 142. Hepp 482, Fellm. 167. Smrft, 43, Arn, Grog. Distris :—Germany, Lombardy, Hungary, Bavaria, E., Lapland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLaNnD :—Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones. (1861.) “Spores .019 to .022 in. long, .006 to .009 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .048—120 mm. long, .020—46 mm. broad.” (Th. M. Fr.) “Spores .056—80 mm. long, .020—27 mm. broad. Spores .082—98 mm, long, .030—.038 mm. broad.” (Wy/.) 354. LL. soreumidia, Stirtn. pale or pallido-cinereous, thickish, rugose or altogether verrucoso-congested, fusco-limitate, (K—C—) ; apothecia internally cineruscent, crowded, sessile, small, at first plane, rugose, margined and ce@sio-pruinose, at length convex, rugose, immarginate, and often connato-congested ; hypothecium fuscous or fuscescent ; paraphyses indistinct, somewhat irregular, apices fuscous, granuloso-inspersed ; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid, 3-septate and generally muralilocular. On dead wood, rare. 1874. Syn: -Stirton in Scott. Naturalist 4 p. 29. (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. Scoruanp :—Ben Brecht, Argyleshire, Mr. Paterson. (1874.) “Spores .013 -.02 mm. long, and .008—.0095 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I intense-blue. Intermediate between Z. fecunda, (T. M. Fr.)and L. plicatilis, Leight.” (Stirt.) 355. L. petreea, (Wulf.), griseo-pallescent or cinereo-fuscescent or albido-cinerascent, areolate or granuloso-areolate, areolc contiguous or dispersed, conve or depressed, hypothallus black, (K brownish C pale-tawny) ; apothecia black, small, innato-sessile, plane, margi- nate ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; spores 8, colourless or fuscous, ellipsoid or oblong, murali-locular. On granitic and schistose rocks, frequent. 1811. Syn :—Wulfen in Jacq. Coll. 3. 116. (1789.) Nyl. Scand. 233. Fic :—E. Bot. 2336. Hepp Sporen t. 6. f. 36. 37. 38. Exs :—Leight. 159. Mudd 195. Hepp 36. 37. 38. Zw. 132. T. M. Fries 45, Goa. DistRip :—Switzerland, Germany, France, Hungary, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6, 7...10, 11,..15, 16...18, 19...31. ENGLAND :—North of England. Mr. Robertson. (1811.) Sussex ! Beechy Head! Mr. Borrer. Hampshire! Mr. Lyell. Lounsdale! Lanbraughrigg ! Cliffrigg ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Craigforda! near Oswestry. Rev. Z'. Salwey. Northum- berland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Sidmouth; Haldon, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Lyndhurst Common ; Highbeech ; Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Bod- bury Ring! near Church Stretton; Abdon Burf! Caer Caradoc! Bayston Hill! Lyth Hill! Haughmond Hill! Long Mynd! Laurence Hill! Shrop- shire; Wapley Hill! Herefordshire, 376 THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorianpD :—Garrynahine, Lewis. Dr. Lindsay. Callander ; Coast of Kincar- dine; near Aberdeen; Braemar; Blair Athole; Breadalbane; Appin, &c. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Glengariff ! Mr, Carroll. : Wates :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Barmouth! Moel-y-Golfa! Cader Idris ! Pen-maen-mawr ! Cwm Cywion! Glyn, Capel Curig! Drwsynant! Pass of Llanberis! Pen Cow! Goodwick Bay! Newport Road! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. .. CuanneL IsLanpDs:—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. forma albicans, Fw. whitish, subtartareous, effuse, areolate, areole crowded, nearly or quite concealing the dark hypothallus. On rocks, not common. 1854, Syn :—Korb. Syst. 260. (1855.) Grog. Distr :—Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10. ENGLAND :—Lanbraughrige ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (1854,) Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. Wates :—Criccieth ! Mr. Calcott. Cader Idris! forma cinerea, Fw. hypothallus black, dendritically effigurate, predominating ; areole cinerascent. On quartz, chert and hard rocks, frequent. 1800. Syn :—Korb. Syst. p. 260. (1855.) Exs :—Leight. 159, (in part). Grog. DistR1B ;—Germany. Bor. Prov :—2...5, 6, 7...19. Encuanp :—Beechy Head! Mr, Borrer, (1800.) Caer Caradoc ! Shropshire. TrREeLAND :—Glengariff ! Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Drwsynant! Barmouth! Pen Cow! near Fishguard. forma fuscescens, Leight. hypothallus black, predominating; thallus contiguous or areolate, pale-brown. Ou hard rocks, common. 1800. Exs :—Scher. 177. Zw. 133, Anzi Ven. 80. Mudd 195. Geroc. DistRiB :—Switzerland, Germany, Italy. Bort. Prov :—2...5, 6, 7...10...20. Encianp :—Beechy Head! Mr. Borrer. (1800.) Lanbraughrigg ! Lounsdale ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. near Brighton! Mr. Larbalestier. Haughmond Hill! Caer Caradoc! Mr. Phillips. TRELAND Fol a Carroll. Wates :—Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. Goodwick Bay! Fishguard! Pembrokeshire. Cader Idris! Trefriw ! Moel-y-gest ! = a forma coracina, Fw. areole diffuse, nigrescent, confused with the black predominating hypothallus. On subalpine rocks, frequent. Syw :—Korb. Syst. 260. (1855.) Exs :—Fellm.. 196, Geoc. Disrris :—E. Lapland, Germany. pe Prov Pee es NGLAND :~Beechy Head! Mr. Borrer. (1800.) Cliffrigg ! Li dale ! York- shire. Mr. Mudd. Abdon Burf! Bayston Hill! ik | ill i Eases Hill! Haughmond Hill! Caradoc! Long Mynd! Sbropshire. WALES :—Moel-y-Golfa ! forma dispersa, Leight. areole pale or whitish-brown, more or less tumid and scattered over the dark predominating hypothallus ; apothecia sessile on or arising from the areola, On hard rocks, not uncommon. 1800, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 377 Exs: —Lindig. 159, Grog. Distr :—Nova Granada. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7...20, Eneuanp :—Beechy Head! Mr. Borrer. (1800.) Craigforda! Rev. 7. Salwey. Irg.LanD :—Kilcully ! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wats :—Drwsynant ! Cwm Cywion! Moel-y-gest ! 356. L. geminata, (Fw.) Th. Fr. griseo-rufescent or albido- cinereous, areolate, areole more or less angular, plane or slightly tumid ; hypothallus black ; apothecia black, arising from the hypo- thallus, larger than the areole, subsessile, plane, naked with a thin persistent margin, at length obliterated ; hypothecium thick, nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses slender, apices fuliginous ; spores 1 or 2, at first colourless, then green, ultimately fusco-nigricant, mural- locular. On alpine rocks, rare. (1871). Syw :—Flot. in Korb, Syst. 259. (1855.) Nyl. Scand. 234. Rhizocarpon, Th. Fries L. Scand. 623. Lecidea Montagnei, Flot. in Korb, Syst, 258. Nyl. Scand. 235. Mudd Man, 219. Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 5. and 6, f. 28, and 37. Exs :—Scher. 443. Hepp 28. 37. Zw. 201. Anzi Ital. 8. 306. Groc. Distrisn:—Sweden, Norway, Finland, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Germany. Bor. Prov :—7...15. ScotLanp :— Craig Guie, Braemar! Rev. J. M. Crombie. WaLes :—Cwm Ffynnon Llugwy ! (1871.) ‘Spores .040—57 mm. long, .025—32 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘ Spores .040— 72 ae long, .025—34 mm. broad.” (Zh. Fries.) Spores .053 mm, long, .023 mm. broad, 357. LZ. obscwrata, (Ach.) (Korb.) pallido-fuscescent or rufo- Fuscescent, thin, subcontiguous, minutely areolate, areole nearly plane, (K pale-yellow C—); apothecia black, moderate, plane, naked, innato-sessile or adnate, with an obtuse, thick, prominent, paler margin ; hypothecium thick, fuscous-black ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid or ellipsoideo-oblong, murali-locular. On subalpine rocks, frequent. 1866. Syn :—Rhizocarpon obscuratum, Korb, Syst. 261. (1855.) T. M. Fries L. Scand. 628. Lecidea obscurata, Scher. Spicil. 130, Lecidea concreta, Leight. L. G. B. ed. 2. 351. Exs :—Scher. 180. Hepp 756. Anzi Ital. S. 307. 309. Grog. Distr :—Sweden, Norway, Finland, Italy, Austria, Switzerland. Bort. Prov :—6, 7. ; Wates :—Dolgelley ! Moel-y-gest! M7. Calcott. Cader Idris! (1866.) Glyn! near Capel Curig, between Fishguard and Llanachar ! Pembrokeshire. Trefriw Falls! “Spores .024—50 mm. long, .010—50 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I in- tense-blue. Paraphyses gelatinoso-conglutinate, apices subfuliginous or darkly fuscescent.” (Z. M, Fries.) Spores .033—.034 mm, long, .014—.015 mm, broad. : forma ferrata, Nyl. ferruginous ; apothecia slightly ferrugineo- suffused, sometimes slightly umbilicate in the middle ; spores 4—8, generally colourless, murali-locular. On rocks. 1872. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 234, (1861.) Crombie in Journ, Bot. n. s. 2. 135. Groce. Distr :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLAND :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) “Spores .032—48 mm. long, .015—18 mm. broad,” (Nyt. ) 378 THE LICHEN-FLORA 358. JL. lavata, Fr. greyish-brown or dirty-subtestaceous, contigu- ous, smooth, slightly and coarsely rimulose ; apothecia black, or blackish-brown, very large, elevato-adnate, plane, roughish, and fre- quently umbonate, with an excessively thick, obtuse, prominent, somewhat paler margin ; hypothecium thick, black ; spores 8, colour- less, oblong, or oblongo-ellipsoid, murali-locular. On water-washed mountain rocks, frequent. 1814. Syw :—Lecidea atroalba var. lavata, Fr. L. E. 313. Rhizocarpon petreum var. lavatum, Mudd Man. 220. Korb. 8S. L. 260. Rh. obscuratum, f. lavata, T. M, Fries L. Scand. 629. Obs. 2. DL. concreta, state, Leight. L. G. B. 2d. ed. 351. Exs :—Fr, L. S. 383. (teste Fr. Lc.) Groc. Distrip :—Sweden, Germany. Bor. Prov :—5...7...10...15...20...26. ENGLAND :—Teesdale ; Mr. Robertson. (1814.) Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. Bodbury Ring! Long Mynd! near Church Stretton, Shropshire, ScotLanD :—Ben Nevis, Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Musheragh Mount! Cork. Afr. Carroll, Kilmurry ! Fermoy. Mr. Chandler, near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris, Pen-maen-mawr! Nant Gwynant ! Snowdon. Paraphyses indistinct. Gelatina hymenea I deep-blue or violet. Spores .031 mm. long, .016 mm. broad. 359. L. concentrica, (Dav.) white or greyish-white, very thin, orbicular, determinate, tartareofarinose, continuous or rimulose, (K—C—) ; apothecia concentrically arranged, small, appressed or innate, black, plane or depressed, margin albo-suffused ; hypothe- cium central, nigro-fuscous, small; spores 8, colourless, oblong, murali-locular. On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1794. Syn :—Davies in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2. 284. (1794.) L. petre@a, Ach, Syn. 15, Nyl. Scand. 234. Fic :—E. Bot. 246. Hepp Sporen t. 17. f£. 149. Gezoa. Distrip :—Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, France, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10...14, 15, 16...19...31. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Br. Borrer. Kildale! Cleveland. Afr, Afudd. Malvern. Dr. Holl. Uxeter. Mr. Parfitt. Plymouth. Brastead, Kent. Mr. Holmes. White- cliff rocks! Ludlow, Shropshire. ScoTLanD :—Pentland Hills ; Blair Drummond; Appin; Dumblane, Forfar- shire ; Stonehaven. Rev, J. M. Crombie. . IRELAND :—Kilcully! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Whitford co. Flint. Rev. Hugh Davies. (1794.) Llangollen ! Denbighshire ; Crib Coch! Snowdon. Capel Curig ! CuaNNEL IsLanDs :—Jersey ; Guernsey. Ur. Larbalestier. Different chemical reaction distinguishes this from L. petrea. Spores .0832— ei mm. long, .016—.019 mm. broad. Very variable, varying in the following ‘orms :— forma typica, white or dirty-greyish-whitish, thin, orbicular, contiguous and smooth, or very slightly rimulose, hypothallus black, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, concentrically arranged, appressed or adnate, plane or slightly concave, with a thick tumid permanent prominent margin, slightly albo-suffused. On calcareous rocks, common. Fie :—Hoffm. PL Lich. t. 50. f. 2. a. b. c. Exs -—M. & N. 744, (in part.) Scher. 183. Hepp 149. Anzi It. 310 A, Geog. Distais :—Scandinavia, Switzerland, Geimany, Italy. Bor. Prov :—5...7. ENGLAND :—Whitecliff Rocks! Ludlow. Wates : -Capel Curig! Mr. Phillips. Llangollen! Diganwy ! near Conway. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 379 forma impressula, Leight. orbicular ; apothecia concentrically arranged, concave, innate, almost urceolate, circumscissed, with an albo-suffused, persistent, very prominent, margin. On calcareous rocks, common. Exs :—Reich. and Schub. 148, Leight, 17. Grog. Disrris :—Germany, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7. EncLanp :—Sussex ! Mr. Borrer, Whitecliff Rocks! Ludlow. Wares :—Llangollen ! forma coarctata, Leight, diffuse, scattered, or very slightly imper- fectly orbicular ; apothecia scattered, innate, concave, circumscissed, with a thin, upturned, white, coarctate margin. On calcareous rocks, common. Exs :—Anzi Ven. 81. Guroc. DistRis :—Italy. Bor. Prov :—2...5, 6, 7...10...20...26. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Kildale! Yorkshire. Mr, Mudd. Moor Park ! Herefordshire. Wrekin ! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, Kilcully ! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wats :—Builth! Llyn Aran ! Cader Idris. 360, JL. excentrica, Ach. dirty-white or greyish-white, thin, opake, rimulose, (K-—-C—) ; apothecia black, sessile, plane, with a thickish obtuse naked margin, scattered ; spores colourless. On calcareous rocks, not common. 1800. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 37. (1803.) Nyl. Scand. 234. Fic :—Hoffm. Pl, Lich. t. 50. f. 1. Exs :—Arn. 684. Grog. DistRiB :—Sweden, Germany, Italy, Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—2...6, 7...10...15, 16...19...26...30, 31. yw :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. (1800.) Carlton Bank! Cleveland. Mr. udd. : ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. Durris and Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TreLaND :—Island Magee, Antrim. Dr. Moore. Killarney. Adm. Jones. Kylemore ! Doughruagh Mountain ! Salrock road ! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ALES :—Conway; Crib Coch! Drwsynant! Pen Cow! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire ; Llargollen! Mr. Calcott. CHawnnex Istanps :—St. Aubin’s Fort! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 861. L. rimosa, (Dicks.) white or blutsh-whate, tartareous, orbs- cular, determinate, anguloso-rimose in the centre, radiato-rimose towards the circumference, which is appressed and minutely crenate, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, more or less cesio-pruinose, rather large, plane, tnnato-sessile, margin thick, albo-suffused ; hypothe- cium thickish, nigro-fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, muralt- locular. On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1785. Syn :—Dicks. Br. Crypt. 1. 12. (1785.) LZ. calcarius, Weis. Gott. 40, (1772). L. umbilicata, Ram. Act. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1827. p. 434. L. petreea var. umbili- cata, Nyl. Prod. 128. Fic :—E. Bot. 1736! Hepp Sporen t. 17. f. 147. Exs :—Dicks. 24!!! Hepp 147. Arn. 215. Anzi Ital. S. 311. Mass. 15. Geroe. Distr :—Switzerland, France, Pyrenees, Sweden, Hungary. Bot. Prov :—5 . 7...10. 11. 12.. 15. EncLanD :—Yorkshire ! Myr, Dickson (1785.) Heartside Fell between Penrith and Alston, Cumberland. Rev. J. Holme. Craig-y-Rhiw, Oswestry. Rev. T. Salwey. Bed of Wear! Durham! Banks of Tees near Middleton. Mr. Robertson. Carlton, Cleveland, Mr, Mudd, Brown Clee Hill! Shropshire, 380 THE LICHEN-FLORA ScorLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers! Mr. Carroll. Wa es :—Anglesea! Rev, Hugh Davies. Eglwyseg Rocks! Llangollen. Crib Coch ! Snowdon. The L. calcarius, Weis, would seem to be a composite species, and as Dick- son’s name has priority in time over Ramond’s umbilicata, I have adopted it. Spores .02—.021 mm. long, .01—.011 mm. broad. 362. L. plicatilis, Leight. dirty-white, minutely plicato-verru- coso-granulose, areolato-diftract, (K yellow C yellow) ; hypothallus fuscous ; apothecia nigro-fuscous, large, closely adnate, connato-de- formed, undulato-plane, margin obtuse, undulate, more or less attenuate or obliterated in age ; hypothecium thick, nigro-fuscous ; spores 48, colourless, elongato-ellipsoid, 3-4-5-septate, constricted, murali-divided. On alpine rocks, rare. 1869. Syn :—Leight. in Ann. and Mag. N. H., Sept, 1869. Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...15. ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. St Wa es :—Lilyn-y-Cae! Cader Tie _(1869.) Moely- -gest ! Spores .027 mm. long, .009 mm. broad. 363. LZ. perluta, Nyl. albido-glaucescent or ochraceo-glaucescent, thin, continuous, rimose, (K—C—) ; apothecia ferrugineo-rufescent or ferrugineo-fuscescent, plane, with a paler margin, internally sub- concolorous ; paraphyses slender, cohzrent, apices luteo-rufescent ; hypothecium central, darkly-rufescent, with a lateral luteo-rufescent paler excipulum ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo-oblong, muraliform, sometimes 3-septate, occasionally 1-septate and not muraliform, On quartzose rocks. 1876. Syw :—NyL in Flora 1876. p. 575. Bor. Prov :— 26. IRELAND :—Kylemore Lake! Banks of River Erriff! Connemara, Mr. Lar- balestier. 1876.) ‘Spores .03—.042 mm. long, .013—16 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then thece darkly-vinoso-fulvescent.” (Nyl.) Spores .025—.0325 mm. long, -011—.012 mm, broad. Gelatina hymenea I deep-blue. ** Hypothecium colourless. 364. L. fuscolutea, (Dicks.) white or cream-coloured, granuloso- verrucose, effuse, (K yellow, apothecia crimson) ; apothecia dull- yellow, rather large, elevato-sessile, plane, ochraceo-granuloso-prut- nose, margin thick, inflexed, paler, flexuose; hypothecium pale- yellow ; spores 1, colourless, oblong or elliptico-oblong, muralz- reticulate. On mosses &c., in alpine districts, rare. 1782. Syn :—Dicks. Br. pape 2. 18. Pe eet: Syn. 42, Mudd Man. 190, Fic :—E. Bot. 1007. Dicks. 1. c. t. 6. Exs :—Dicks. 25. Spruce Amaz. 180. cen Langob. 94. Groc. DistR1B :—Lombardy, Amazons, Brazils, Mauritius, Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—11...19. Encianp :—Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Cheviot and Hedgehope, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. ScotLanpD :—Ben Een '! a Dickson. Breadalbane. Rev. Mr. Stuart. (1782.) Ben Cruachan. Rev. J. M. Crombie.. “« Spores (t, 3. f. 73) ol ‘ons to .021 in, long, by .006 to .008 in, broad, Sper- OF GREAT BRITAIN, 381 matia ellipsoid, excessively minute.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .048—100 mm. long, -024—55 mm. broad. Asci I dirty-blue then intensely-red or fulvescent.” (Th. M. Fries.) Excipulum externally and apices of slender laxly coherent paraphyses fulvescent. Spores .049 mm. long, .017 mm. broad. 365. LZ. cupularis, (Ehrh.) whitish or cinerascent, very thins continuous ; apothecia flesh-coloured or yellowish-reddish, superficial, prominent, concave, margin thickish, albescent, entire or radiato- striate ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, moultiseptate, murali-locular. On calcareous rocks, frequent. 1800. me ie Beitr. 4. p. 45. (1789.) Ach. Syn. 46. Nyl. Scand. 189. Mudd an. 166. Fic :—E. Bot. 739. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 13. f. 1. Exs :—M. & N. 1153. Scher. 135. Rabh. 750. Anzi Etr. 22, Anzi It. 8. 233. Mudd 139, Leight. 122. Hepp 142. Zw. 282. Rabh. 750. Grog. Distris :—Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy, Bavaria, Pyrenees, Sweden, Austria, Hungary. Bor. Prov :-1, 2, 3. 4, 5...7, 8...10...15, 16...19...27...81. ENGLAND :—Corpusty Church. Rev. Mr. Bryant. (1800.) Norfolk. Sir J. E. Smith. Penzance. Mr. Curnow. Sussex Downs! Mr. Borrer. Craig-y-Rhiw ! near Oswestry. Rev, J. Salwey. Calke Park! Derbyshire. Rev. A. Bloram. Broughton Park! Bilsdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. on elm and ash, rare, Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Fawdon Slate; Bolyhope Bourn; Middleton in Tees- dale! Durham. Mr. Winch. Midland Counties. Mr. Purton. North Leigh and Shotover Hill, Oxford. Mr. Bazxter. Bisley Common! Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. Aymestry ! Herefordshire. Whitecliff Rocks! Ludlow; High Rock ! Bridgnorth, Shropshire. Scottanp :—Morrone; Appin; on moss, Ben Lawers and Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Balaghbeama Gap, Kerry. Mr. Carroll. South of Ireland. Miss Hutchins. Killarney. Dr. Carrington. Ben Bulben, Sligo. Prof. Dickie. Glenda- lough ! and Twelve Pins Mountains! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. Wats :—Great Orme’s Head! Bryn Maelgwyn! near Conway. Cuannet Isuanps :—L’etacquerel; Gorey Castle; L’Etary! Jersey ; Jer- bourg, Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. Shares 004 to .0045 in. long, by .002 in. broad. Spermatia short, cylin- drical, straight.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .015—16 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous-red.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .017—19 mm. long, .006-—9 mm. broad. Paraphyses capillar, laxly coherent.” (Th. M, Fries.) Excipulum thickish, fleshy, colourless, enclosed laterally by a thalline receptacle. Spores .018—.022 mm. iong, -008—.009. mm. broad. 366. L. truncigena, (Ach.) cinerascent, very thin, sub-leprose or evanescent ; apothecia pale-reddish-flesh-coloured, small, urceolate, margin albescent, thickish, entire ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-fusiform or oblong, 5-7-septate, irregularly longitudinally septate, On trees, elms, beech, frequent. Syn:—Ach. L. U. 152. (1810.) Syn. 9. Nyl. Scand. 190, 191, Mudd Man. 167. Exs :—Zw. 90. A. B. Leight. 147. Arn. 37. Gxoa. DistR1B :—France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...10...19...24...31. Ewatanp :—Ingleby! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Castle Morton Common, Malvern. Dr. Holl. Tilgate Forest, Sussex, Mr. Larbalestier. Penzance. Mr. Curnow. near Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. TRELAND :—Dunkerron; Derriquin co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Curraghmore. Waterford. Adm. Jones. Gastlemary and Kitsboro’, Cork; Adare!; Tervoe an Castleconnel, Limerick ; Dromoland, Clare; Dinis Island, Killarney (on holly), Mr. Carroll. . CHANNEL IsLaNDs:—St. John’s Road, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. 382 THE LICHEN-FLORA “Spores .004 to .00475 in. long, by .0015 to .00175 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .017—30 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .019—.021 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. 367. L. Flotovii, (Kérb.) cinerascent, very thin, sub-leprose or evanescent ; apothecia paleflesh-coloured, small, urceolate, margin albescent, thick, entire ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colour- less, ellipsoid, irregularly sub-murali-divided, small. On trees, elms, ash, rare. 1800. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 191. (1861.) Fic :—Leight, Ang. Lich. t. 13. f. 3. Hepp Sporen t. 86. f. 749. Exs :--Mudd 140. Hepp 749. Zw. 393. Arn. 94. Groce. DistR1B :—France, Bavaria, Germany. Bor. Prov—1, 2...5...10 . 24...26. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. (1800.) Bilsdale! Ingleby ! Yorkshire. Afr. ve Leigh Woods, Clifton! Mr. Larbalestier. near Exeter. Rev. J. M. nvrombie. pean :—Curraghmore. Adm. Jones. Castleconnel co. Limerick. Mr. ‘arroll, “Spores .011—13 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad.” (yl.) Excipulum pale, fleshy, thin, subtended laterally by a thalline receptacle. Spores .013—.0145 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. K. Species polyspore. 368. ZL. morio, (Ram.) yellowish-copper-coloured or fusco-ciner- ascent, areolate, areole plane, somewhat shining, angular, radiato- plicate at the circumference, (K yellow C red) ; hypothallus black ; apothecia black, small, innate, plane, often umbonate, margin thin, black, flexuose ; hypothecium brown ; spores innumerable, very minute, colourless, spherical or shortly ellipsoid, simple. On alpine rocks, rare. Syn :—Ramond in DC. Fl. France. 2. 366. 805.) Nyl. Scand. 290. Mudd Man. 192. (in part). Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 69. f. 603. Exs :—Scher. 227. Anzi Langob, 164. Hepp 603. Nyl. Pyr. Or. 21. Arn. 604. Geoc. DistRis :—Switzerland, Lombardy, Pyrenees, Norway, Finmark, Austria. Bor. Prov :—7...10...15. EncuanD :—Thirsk, Yorkshire. A/r. Baker. ScortanD :—Morrone, Braemar. Rev. J. M.Crombie. WaAtss :—Near Dolgelley. Dr. Holl. ‘* Spores .00075 in. long, by .00025 to .0005 in. broad.” (Afudd.) ‘‘Spores -0035—.005 mm. diam.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .003—4 mm. long, .002—3 mm. broad.” (Th. M. Fries.) 369, L. tantilla, Nyl. cinereo-virescent, tartareous, scurfy ; apothecia fuscous or nigro-fuscous, small, scattered, sessile, convex, iummarginate ; hypothecium colourless ; spores innumerable, colour- less, spherical, simple. On old palings, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 117. (1857.) B. resine var. rubicundula, Mudd Man. 191. Exs :—Leight. inedit. 408. 441. Groc. DisTRrB :—France, Bavaria. “Bor. Prov :—38...5, 6...10. EnGLanD :—Redcar, Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Hendon! Middlesex, Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Worcester. Dr. Holl. Catalba Lodge, Reigate. Mr. W. Joshua. Moreton! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier, Stableford ! near Bridgnorth, (1865.) Brace Meole! Bomere Pool! near Shrewsbury; Wilcot ! Sutton! near Shrewsbury. Nobold! Whitchurch! Shropshire. Brampton Brian Park! Herefordshire. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 383 Wates :—Towyn! Swansea ! Spores .004 mm. diam. 370. L. resinw, Fr. cinereo-virescent, thin, effuse, scurfy, or granulose ; apothecia pale-yellowish-brown, small, numerous, ennato- sessile, convex, margin thin, pale ; hypothecium pale; spores in- numerable, colourless, spheerical, simple. On old trees, rare. 1854, Syn :—Fries Syst. Mycol. 2. 149, (1822.) Nyl. Scand. 213. Mudd Man. 191+ Grevillea 1. 58. Fic :—Grevillea t. 4. £.9. a. b.f. d. i. h. Exs :—Leight. 277. Grog, DistRip :—Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—7...10. ENneLanD :—Cliffrigg ! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (1854.) Wates :—Dolgelley. Mr. Holmes. Gwydir Woods ! Bettws-y-coed. Glanartro! near Lianbedr. Trefriw ! Wrekin! Spores .0025—3 mm. diam. Paraphyses distinct, slender. Spermogonia tubercular, pale-yellowish-brown; spermatia small, spherical. forma cicatricicola, Leight. brownish, greenish-brown or purplish ; apothecia and spermogonia black ; apothecia much more concave, sometimes substipitate ; epithecium dark, shining ; hypothecium nigro-fuscous ; spores slightly smaller. On pine trees, rare. 1872. Syn :—Leight. in Grevillea 1. 59. Fic :—Grevillea l. c. t. 4. £.9. c g. ek. Exs :—Anzi Langob. 267. Rabh. 786. Grog. Distris :—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—7. Waxes :—Gwydir woods! Bettws-y-coed. Glanartro! near Llanbedr. 871. L, ochrophora, Nyl. obsolete ; apothecia ochraceo-suffused, pulverulent, small, convex or at length sub-globose, immarginate, dusky-pallescent within ; spores numerous, colourless, spherical ; paraphyses slender or indistinct, a thin lamina of the apothecia entirely amber-colour ; gelatina hymenea czrulescent with iodine. On trees in sub-alpine woods, rare. 1865. Syn :—Ny]l. in Flora 1865. p. 355, Crombie En, 75. Grog. Distrip :—France. Bot. Prov :—19...31. IrgLaNnp :—Dinis in Killarney. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .0035—45 mm. diam.” (Wyl.) 872. L.ascaridiella, Nyl. whitish, thin, opake, rimulose, deter- minate ; apothecia nigricant, innate, most minute, colourless within, margin pseudo-thallodal, crenulate ; spores 16-32, colourless, vermt- form, apically acute, once or twice torto-curvate, simple ; para- physes very slender, large; epithecium slightly fuscescent ; hypothecium colourless ; gelatina hymenea untinged with iodine. On sandstone rocks in sub-alpine regions, rare. 1868. Syn :—Ny]l. in Flora 1868. p. 163, Crombie En. 75. Grog. DistRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19. TRELAND :—Mangerton and adjacent Mountains in Kerry, Mr. Carroll, “Belonging to the Gyalecte, near DL. leucaspis, (Kphb.) Spores .025—.080 mm. long.” (Nyl.) - 373. L. fossarum, Duf. very thin, obscure or evanescent ; 384 THE LICHEN-FLORA apothecia bright-croceo-rufous, somewhat plane, appressed, immar- ginate, moderate; hypothecium colourless ; thecee poiysporous ; spores colourless, oblong or oblongo-cylindrical, simple. On mossy rocks. 1868. Syn :—Nyl. Prod. 116. (1857). Fic :—DR. and Mont. Alger. t. 19. f. 4. Exs :—Arn. 12. Zw. 367 Grog. DIstRIB fa les Germany, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—Ken Lawers! Messrs. Stirton and Galt. (1868.) “Spores .007—.011 mm. long, .003 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .006—7 mm. long, ,003 mm. broad. 374. L. strepsodina, Ach. cinerascent or albo-cinerascent, very thin, almost evanescent, smooth ; apothecia black, crowded, sub- rotundo-difformed, oblong or subrotund, rugose, margin plicate ; excipulum carbonaceous, hypothecium pale-nigro-fuscous ; para- physes distinct, coherent, apices fuscous ; spores innumerable, very minute. On rocks, rare. 1866. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 247. Syn. 71. Bort. Prov :—1...7...26. ENGLAND :—Penzance! Rev. T. Salwey. TRELAND :—Glencorbot ! Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Wats :—Festiniog road, Dolgelley ! (1866.) L. Parasitical Spectes. 375. LL. vitellinaria, Nyl. no proper thallus ; apothecia parasitic, black, very minute, scattered, sessile, concave, margin elevated, polished ; hypothecium brownish; spores 8, colourless, elliptical or oblong, simple, with 1 or 2 nuclei (in size and form exactly like those of Lecidea parasema.) Parasitic on Lecanora vitellina, not common. 1851. Syn :—Nyl. in Bot Not. 1852. p. 177. Scand. 218, Mudd Man. 212. Exs :—Leight. 182. Arn. 193, Grog. Distrip :—Sweden, Austria, Germany. Bor. Prov :—5...10...15. ENGLAND :—-Near Newton ! Lanbraughrigg and Battersby, Yorkshire. Mr, Mudd. Black Mountain, Monmouthshire. Dr. Holl. Haughmond Hill! Long ae nd! Shropshire. (1851.) COTLAND :—Breadalbane ; Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘Spores .00175 to .002 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .010 —12 mm. long, .006 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .011—.012 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 376. ZL. oxyspora, (Tul.) no proper thallus ; apothecia parasitic, black or fuscous-black, minute, plane or sub-conver, immarginate ; hypothecium fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple, with 2 nuclei. Parasitic on various Parmeliei in sub-alpine regions, rare. 1856 Syn :—Tul. Mem. 116. -(1852,) Nyl. Scand. 246, Mudd Man. 225, Fie :— Tul. 1. c. t. 16. f. 27. Microscop. Journ. 5. t. 4. fig. 15. 16. Exs :—Leight. 281. Grog. DISTRIB + poandinaria, Bor. Prov:—5...7...15. ENGLAND Pai mote thins Beacon ! Malvern. Mr. Lees. Scortanp :—Glen Shee ! (1856.) Moncrieff Hill! Perth ; Strathbran ! Dun- keld; Corramulzie, Braemar. Dr. Lindsay. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 385 IrELAND :—Ballynakill! Letterfrack! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Wates :—Barmouth ! Cwm Idwall ! ‘*Spores .00325 to .004 in. long, by .001 to .00125 broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .013—.019 mm. long, .045—.065 mm. broad.” (7Zul.) ‘Spores .014 —20 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .011 mm. long, .0025 mm. broad. 377. L. leptostigna, Nyl. parasitic on a whitish rimulose thallus, apothecia fusco-nigricant, plane, innate, small, gregarious ; spores 8, colourless, globose, or globoso-ellipsoid ; paraphyses mode- rate, thickened upwards and dirty-yellow at the apices ; hypothe- cium scarcely lutescent; gelatina hymenea not tinged with iodine. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1868. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 344. Crombie En. 76. Groce. DistrrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .005—9 mm. diam.” (Vyl.) 378. L. imponens, Leight. thallus obsolete ; apothecta black, minute, numerous, scattered, sessile, plane or subconcave, margin thin, eventually obliterated, pale-bluish-cinerascent within; hy- menium and hypothecium hyaline, pale-bluish-cinerascent ; excipulum horny bluish-cinerascent, externally darker ; paraphyses thick, co- herent, apices nigricant ; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, simple ; gelatina hymenea I dirty-fuscescent. Parasitic on Lecanora polytropa, (Ehrh.) rare. 1876. Syn :—Linn. Trans, 2d. ser. 1. 238. (1876.) Fie :—Linn. Trans, 1. c. t. 32. £. 7. 8 Bort. Prov :—6. . Wats :—Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. (1876.) Spores .014—.015 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad. 379. L. episema, Nyl. no proper thallus ; apothecia parasitic, black, aggregate, minute, margin obtuse, entire; hypothecium fuscous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid or elongato-oblong, 1-sep- tate ; paraphyses short and thick, with large globose fuliginous apices ; I lutescent. Parasitic on Lecanora calcarea, not common. 1851. Syn :—Nyl. Coll. Gall. m. Pyr. p. 12. (1853.) Prodr. 125. Grog. Disrris :—France, Italy, Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—1...7...19...26. ENGLAND :—Near Yatton ! Somerset. Mr. Joshua. TRELAND :—Kenmare Bay near Dunkerron. Dr. Taylor. Lough Corrib! Mr, Larbalestier. Bs Wates :—Great Orme’s Head ! (1851.) “Spores .010—18 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .013 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 380. L. cristata, Leight. no proper thallus ; apothecia parasitic, black, very minute, solitary or more generally clustered, or in narrow flecuose lines like a hypothallus, concave, margin thick and obtuse ; hypothecium black, carbonaceous; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, faintly 1-septate, very minute. Parasitic on the thallus of Lecanora sub-carnea, rare. 1856. Grog. DistriB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7. AA 386 THE LICHEN-FLORA WaALeEs :—Barmouth ! (1856.) Spores .0065—.008 mm. long, .002—.003 mm. broad. 381. LZ. arenicola, Nyl. thallus none ; apothecia parasitic on thallus of Beomyces rufus and roseus, minute, black, sessile, solitary, concave or plain, margin thick, obtuse, slightly inflexed and polished ; hypothecium dark-brown ; spores 4, colourless, slender, elongato- acicular, multiseptate, cells containing oily globules. Parasitic as above, rare. 1854. Syn :—NylL in litt. 1853. Mudd Man. 186. (1861.) Exs :—Leight. 372. Gexoc, Distris :—France. Bor. Prov :—5...7, 8...10...15...26, ENGLAND :—Guisbro’ Moor ! Lounsdale; Ingleby Moor, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1854.) Goit Lane, Buxton. Dr. Holl. Wapley Hill! Herefordshire ; Stiperstones ! Shropshire. Scorianp :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. {RELAND :—Near Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) Wates :—Cader Idris. Dr. Holl. “Spores .014 to .018 in. long by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .075 mm. long, ,004 mm. broad. 382. L. Parmeliarum, Surf. thallus none; apothecia parasitic, black or greenish, pruinose or naked, sub-innato-sessile, conver, im- marginate ; hypothecium greenish-brown ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, l-septate. Parasitic on the thallus of various Parmeliei in sub-alpine regions, frequent. Syn :—Smrf. Lapp. 176. 128) a brates Smithii & Welwitzschii, Tul. Mem. Lich. 113. 115. Mudd Man. Fic-:—E. Bot. 1866. Micnweop: ek 5. t. 4. fig. 1—14. an :—Arn. 319. Anzi Langob. 230. Mudd 201. Zw. 321. Leight. 191. 309. Grog. DisTRIB :—Germany, Amery ie Austria, Sweden, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...10...13. ENGLAND :—Meadfort ! a ys a in, Ingleby Park! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Pembridge! Herefordshire. Rev. J. F. Crouch, Dartmoor ; Malvern Hill; Meadfoot, Torquay, and near Bovey Tracy, S. Devon. Dr. Holl. Scortaxp :—Ben Nevis. Messrs. Turner & Hooker. Craigie Hill! Perth ; Craig-y-Barnes ; Strathbraan Road, Dunkeld; between Dumfries and Caer. laverock ! Dr. Lindsay. Aberdeenshire ! Prof, * Dickie. Crianlarich. Dr. _ Holl. Countess Wells ; Braemar ; ee ees ee Rev. J. M. IRELAND :—Mangerton co. Kerry. Dr. Wa es :—North Wales. Mr. Griffith. ™ (00 .) Cribbath Hill near Ystrad Gynlais, S. Wales. Mr. Sowerby. Liyn Aran! Cader Idris; Moel-y-Golfa! Barmouth! between Bala and Dolgelley! near Capel Curig’! Llyn Cwlyd! Eglwyseg rocks! Llyn Gerionydd! Pistyll Rhaiadr ! CuannEL Isanps :—Jerbourg Cliffs! Guernsey. Mr Larbalestier. “Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, aby, -00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘* Spores .0128—.016 mm. long, .0065 broad.” (Z'ul.) 383. L. particularis, Nyl. no proper thallus; apothecia black, plane, marginate, internally sub-concolorous ; hypothecium and exci- pulum nigricant; spores 8, fusco-nigrescent, ellipsoid, 1-septate ; paraphyses slender, not well distinct. Parasitic on thallus of Beomyces rufus. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in loss 1877. p. 461, Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND : :—Near Kylemore, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, (1876.) ‘«Thalamium in a thin section lutescent and with K somewhat purpurascent. Spores .008—.010 mm. long, .0035—.0045 mm. broad. Gelatina bhymenea I intense ble: » (Nyl.) .OF GREAT BRITAIN. 387 384. L. parasitica, (Flk.) no proper thallus ; apothecia parasitic, black, scattered: or aggregate, concave or plane, sessile, margin thin, elevated, entire, polished ; hypothecium dark-reddish-brown ; spores 8, fuscous, lineari-oblong, 3-septate, small. Parasitic on the thallus of Pertusarta communis and Lecanora. parella, frequent. Syn :—Flérke D. L. 101. (1821.) Nyl. Prodr. 144. Lecidex inspersa, Tul. Mem. 118. Mudd Man. 224. Fic :—Mudd Man. t. 4. £. 85. Exs :—Leight. 183. Nyl. 68. Gog. Distris :—France, Switzerland, ag Zealand, Great Bear Lake. Bot. Prov:—1, 2...5...7, 8...10...19 A .2 Ol, Encranp :—Randiddles ! Hants. Mr. pen Cliffrig! Easeby Wood, Cleve- land. Mr. Mudd. near Exeter, Devonshire. Mr. Parfitt. New Forest. Rev. 3 M. Crombie. near Twycross, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam, Hale’s tad, ‘ Malvern ; 3. Devon and Cornwall ; Fairlight near..Hastings.. Dr. Holl. Ply: mouth. Mr. Holmes. Wapley Hill! Herefordshire. IneLanp :—Blarney and Riverstown, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Curraghmore. Adm. Jones. Wats :—Barmouth! Rev. T. Salwey. Aber! Mr. W. Phillips. : Soria Istanps :—La Moye and St. Peter’s Barracks! Jersey. Mr. Lar- alestier. “ Spores .013 ae long, .0035 mm. bread.” (Zul.) ‘Spores .009—.015 mm. long, .0035—.0 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I intense-blue.” (Ny ) “Spores .003 a Sia, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .01—.011 long, .0035 mm. broad. 385. L. parellaria, Nyl. thallus none ; apothecia black, opake, small, scattered, single or 2 or 3 together, sessile in or near the cracks of the thallus, plane, margin thickish, prominent, more or less pruinose ; hypothecium nigrofuscous, thin; paraphyges indistinct, conglutinate, apices clavate, nigricant ; spores 8, fuscous, lineari- oblong, or oblong, generally 1-septate, sometimes 2-septate, and some- times 3-septate in the same apothecium ; gelatina hymenea I bluish then fuscescent. Parasitic on Lecanora parella, (L.) not common, 1876. Syy :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 239. Leight. in Linn. Trans, 2d. ser. 1. 238. Fic :—Linn. cea: le, t. 32. 11. 12. Exs :—Larb. 8 Geoa. rere France, New Zealand. Bor. Prov :—6, 7... IRELAND :—Lough) Feagh ! Doughruagh Mountains! Connemara, Mr. Lar- balestier. (1876.) Watrs :—Manoerowen! Road between Fishguard and Llanachar ! Pem- brokeshire. Diganwy near Conway ! Spores .011—.014 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 386. L. scapanaria, Carringt. thallus none ; apothecia parasitic, minute, sparingly scattered, coarctate when young, explanate when mature or old, dull-reddish-black, plane, margin elevated, somewhat tumid ; hypothecium thin, dark-yellowish-brown ; spores 6-8, fuscous, obtusely fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 3-septate. Parasitic on Scapanaria undulata, rave. 1861. Syn :—Carrington Irish Crypt. 2. in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 7. pt. 2. p. 382. and pt, 3. 411. (1861.) L. persimilis, ae pont 236. Grevillea 2. rR Fie :—Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 7. t. 10. f. 4. Geog. DistR1B :—Europe. - Bor.-Prov :—19...26. ScorTLanD :—Ben Lawers er ) Carlochan rede Stirton. 388 z 9 THE LICHEN-FLORA IRELAND :—Cromaglown, Killarney. Dr. Carrington. (1861.) N. side of Dough- ruagh Mountain. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .004—.005 in. long by .00L to .00125 in. broad.” (Mudd.) 887. LZ. Cladoniarum, Nyl. thallus none; apothecia black, minute, opake, slightly prominent, rugulose, internally dark or con- colorous ; spores 8, colourless, (or sometimes normally fuscous) oblong, simple; hypothecium somewhat nigricant in the lower portion ; paraphyses moderate. Parasitic on Cladonia uncialis and bellidiflora, rare. 1861. Syn :—Nyl. Enum. Sup. 339. (1857.) Crombie En. 94, Geoc. DISTRIB es Bot. Prov :—2. TRELAND: Y ceity’s eg near Dublin. Dr. Moore. (1861.) “Spores .010 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then dirty.” (y/.) 388, L. advenula, Leight. thallus obsolete ; apothecia nigro- fuscous, minute, round, plane, or sub-convex, with a thin margin soon obliterated, brownish within ; paraphyses indistinct, congluti- nate, apices large, nigro-fuscous 3 Aypothectum thickish, nigro- fuscous ; spores 8, nigro-fuscous, oblong, 1-septate. Parasitic on Pertusaria sulphurea (K y C orange-red.) Syn :—Leight. in Linn. Trans. Bot. ser. 2. veh 1. p. 146. (1876.) Fic :—Winn. Trans. 1. c. t. 22. f. 17. 18, 19. 2 Bot. Prov :—7...26. InELAND :—Mweelan ! Twelve Pins! Rocks base of Letter Hill! Connemara, Mr. Larbalestier. Wares :—Llanbedrog ! (Sept. 1874.) Spores .024 mm. long, .013 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I—. 389. ZL. epiphorbia, Strn. “ apothecia resemble, externally and internally, those of Z, Parmeliarum, except that the paraphyses are neither thickened nor darker-coloured at their apices, the spores are colourless, or present, in a few instances, a faint tinge of yel- low, and the reaction on the gelatina hymenea I deep vinous-red without any preceding cerulescent tint, instead of being negative, as in L. Parmeliarum. This lichen bears the same relationship to L. Parmeliarum that L. Solorinaria does to L. oxyspora.” (Stirt.) Parasitic on Solorina limbata. 1873. Sry :—Stirton in Grevillea 2. p. 108. Bor. Prov :—16, ScorLanp :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Stirton. (1873.) 390. LZ. Walrothit, (Tul.) thallus obsolete ; apothecia pale or denigrate, plane or somewhat convex, small, adnate ; hypothecium pale-dirty-tinge ; paraphyses conglutinate, apices pale; spores 6-8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple or 1-septate. Parasitic on Solorina saccata and Peltigera canina. Sry :—Scutula, Tul. Mem. 119. _ (1852.) Nyl Scand, 203. Fic :—Tul. Mem. t. 14, f. 14— Exs :—Scher. 630. Hepp 135. NyL 100. Geog. DistRiB :—Switzerland, France. Bor. Prov :—15. ScotLanD :—Glen Lyon, Perthshire! Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .009—.011 mm _ long, .0065 mm. broad.” eat “Spores .007—.011 i ong, .003—5 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I blue then vinous- (Wyl.) Spores .011—.012 mm. long, .005 mm. broad, OF GREAT BRILAIN ‘389 391. L. persimilis, Nyl. whitish or whitish-grey, thin, minutely granuloso-areolate ; apothecia black, moderate, appressed, plane or slightly convex, naked, slightly margined, internally nigricant, hypothecium fuscous-black ; hymenium cinerascent ; spores fusco- nigrescent, oblongo-or fusiformi-ellipsoid, 3-septate. Parasitical on Jungermannia, rare. Syn :—Nyl. in Sallsk. pro. F. et Fl, F. Not. n. s. 1, 237, Scand. 236. Groce. Distris :—Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—15. ScoruanD :—Ben Lawers and Canlochan, Forfarshire. Dr. Stirton. “Gelatina hymenea I intense-blue. Spores .019—23 mm. long, .008 mm, broad.” (yl. L) 392. L. glaucomaria, Nyl. thallus obsolete; merely a small irregular deformed pale nigro-fuscous patch or discoloration on which are the apothecia ; apothecia fusco-nigrous, opake, clustered, sub-innato-sessile, plane, margin thickish, paler, entire, often sub- Jlexuose ; hymenium fuscescent, paraphyses indistinct, coherent, apices incrassate, fusco-nigricant ; hypothectwm nigro-fuscous, thin ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ovord, 3-septate. Parasitic on Lecanora glaucoma, (Hoffm.) rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. Obs. Holm. p. 177. (1852.) Scand. 245, Leight. in Linn. Trans, 2d. ser. 1. 239. Fig :—Nyl. Obs. fig. 10. Linn. Trans. 1, c, t. 32. f. 9. 10. Grog. Disrare :—Stockholm, France. Bor, Prov :—6. Waters :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. (Sept. 1876.) ‘*Gelatina hymenea I pale-blue then vinous-red. Spores .021—.025 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) The apothecia sometimes form warty agglomerations, Spores .U235 mm. long, .009 min. broad. Not to be con- founded with Arthonia glaucomaria, Nyl. (A. varians, Dav.) which grows on the apothecia (not on the thallus) of L. glaucoma, 393. ZL. supernula, Nyl. apothecia black, 3-6-aggregate, plane, slightly margined or at length convex immarginate, internally con- colorous ; paraphyses moderate or somewhat thick, apices clavate cerulescenti-nigricant ; hypothecitum and excipulum ccerulescentt- nigricant, rubricoso-rufescent above ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ovot- form, 1-septate. Parasitic on Lecanora calcarea f. Hoffmanni, Ach. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 574. Bor. Prov :—16. ScottanD:--Island of Lismore. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .009—.014 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad, Gelatina hymenea I vinous-red.” (MNyl.) II. ODONTOTREMA. Wy. Thallus indistinct. Apothecia black, thelotremoideo-lecideine or gymnotremoid, naked, at first closed, then dehiscing with denticulato-ruptured proper margin. 1. O. longius, Nyl. thallus whitish or albido-cinerascent, effuse ; apothecia black, scattered, small, rotundate or oblong, margin thin, flecuose or unequal, eventually obliterated; hypothecium thin, nigro-fuscous ; paraphyses distinct ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoideo- fusiform, obtuse at the apices, 3-septate. 390 THR LICHEN-FLORA On old rails, rare. 1867. Syn :—Ny]. in litt. 1867. Crombie En. 95, Fic :—Linn. Trans, ser. 2. 1. t. 32. f. 17. Exs :—Leight. 409. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...5... EncLanD Braydon’ Forest ! Wilts. Mr. Joshua. Brace Meole! (1867.) Radbrook! Haughmond Hill! Shelton! Wenlock! Whitchurch! Pulley! near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. WaAtgsEs :—Towyn! Spores .0195—.021 mm. long, .005—.007 mm. broad. 2, O. majus, Leight. whitish or evanescent ; apothecia brownish, prominent, scattered, rotundate, suburceolate, margin thickish, pro- aminent, persistent, nearly entire ; hypothecium colourless or slightly fulvescent ; paraphyses distinct, slender; spores 8, colourless, broadly lineari-oblong, 3-septate; I renders the linear asci and spores lutescent. On drift wood and decorticated willow stumps, rare. 1876. Syw :—Leight, in Linn. Trans. 2d. om 1, 239. Fie :—Linn. Trans. 1. c. t. 32. f. 1 Grog. Distr :—Great Slave Tacs, Bot. Prov :—5...6. __ EneLanp :—Hencote Pool! near Shrewsbury. My. W. Phillips. 1876.) Oakley Park ! Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. Wates :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. Spores double the size of those of O. minus, Nyl. (.0115—.014 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Linn, Trans. 2d. ser. 1. t. 32. f. 15), .019—.021 mm. long, .0075— .0085 mm. broad. Spermogonia brownish, oblong, minute ; spermatia oblong or lineari-oblong .0095 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. II]. SCHIZOXYLON, Pers. Thallus evanescent. Apothecia lecideine, elevated, naked, black. Spores numerous. 1. Schizoxylon corticola, (Frs.) Nyl. whitish or yellowish-white, thin, continuous, tartareous, smoothish ; apothecia black, very numerous, round, plano-convex, sub-pulverulent or minutely granu- lose, immarginate ; hypothecium thin, dark-brown ; paraphyses slender, distinct ; spores innumerable, colourless, very minute, ob- long, simple. On old oaks, rare. 1870. Syy :—Nyl. leet 2. p. 197. (1855.) Enum. gen. 127. Scand. 249 Coniangium, Fr. 8. V. Se. 1 Exs :—Fr. m3, “(fide Nyl). Groc. Distrirp :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2. ENGLAND :—Near Lyndburst i in New Forest! Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. Trine XVI. GRAPHIDEI. Thallus thin, scarcely visible or hypophleodal. Apothecia lirelline. I. XYLOGRAPHA, Fr. pr. p. Nyl. _ Apothecia linear, epithecium plane or concave or sulciform, longitudinally plicate. Spores colourless, Paraphyses distinct or indistinct, slender, ; OF GREAT BRITAIN, 391 1. X. parallela, (Ach.) thallus an. elongated whitish spot ; apothecia black, narrowly lanceolato-linear, erumpent, innate, plane or somewhat concave, parallel, internally cinerascent ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses distinct, slender. On old wooden posts, &u. rare. oe Se tsi. Scand. 250. (1861.) Crombie En. 95. Opegrapha parallela, Ach. Exs :—M. uN. 656, Fellm. 205. Korb. 257, Anzi Langob. 346. Arn, 244. Grog. Distat :—Belgium, Switzerland, Bavaria, Austria, Hungary, tly E, Lapland Bor. Prov :—15. 7 ScoTLanD :—Glenfalloch! Dr. Holl. Pass of Killiecrankie; Glen Dee, Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Brechin! Mr. Cooke. ‘* Spores ,011—16 mm. long, .005—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .011—17 mm, jones: .005—7 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .012—.014 mm. long, .006 mm, broad, var. pallens, Nyl. apothecia pallescent. On old pales. 1872. _Syn :—Nyl. Scand. p. 250. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. x. 2. 135. Grog. Distrrp :—Scandinavia, But. Prov :—15. ScornanD :—Ben Lawers. Pass of Killiecrankie, Blair Athole, Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872.) f. elliptica, Nyl. apothecia shorter, oblong, or difformed. Syn :—Nyl. in litt. Crombie 1. c. Bor. Prov :—15. ScornanD :—Pass of Killiecrankie, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1872. 2. A. laricicola, Nyl. greyish-white, very thin, effuse, or evan- escent ; apothecia black, minute, superficial, oblong or slightly flexu- ose, irregularly scattered, at length somewhat explanate, with an evanescent margin, internally whitish ; hyputhecium brown ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; paraphyses none ; gelatina hymenea I tawny vinous-red. On larch trees near the base, rare. 1874. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1875. p. 13. Exs :—Crombie 97. Bor. Prov :—15. ScornanD :—On a single tree in Lawers’ Glen! Ben Lawers. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1874.) “© Spores .0012—15 mm, long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .013 mm. long,. 006 mm. broad. 3. X. scaphoidea, Strn. albo-macular or obsolete ; apothecia fuscous, prominent, oblong, roundish, or even flexuose, small ; epi- thecium rimeform, margin prominent, rounded; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple, moderate ; para- physes indistinct ; gelatina hymenea I obsoletely cerulescent, then fulvescent ; gonidia large, green, interspersed amongst the fibres of the wood. On decorticated alder. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 35. (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. Scorianp :—Near Dalwhinnie and Grantown. Dr. Stirton. (1874.) “Spores .012—.016 mm. long, .006—.008 mm. broad.” (Séirt.) 392 THE LICHEN-KLORA 4. X. flexella, (Ach.) whitish ; apothecia black, minute, superfi- cial, oblong ; epithecium rimeform or irregularly dilated ; hypo- thecium fuscescent ; spores 8, colourless, globoso-ellipsoid, ovoid or ellipsoid, simple, most minute. On decorticated stumps, not common, 1875. Syn :—Limboria, Ach. Vet. Ak, Handl. 1815, p. 258. and 1817. p. 222. Xylo- grapha, Nyl. Scand. 250. xS:—Arn,. 525. M. & N. 1094. Geoc. DistRis :—Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Lapland, Arctic America. Bor. Prov :—5. EnGLanpD :—Oakley Park, near Cirencester! Mr Joshua. (1875.) “Spores .004—5 mm, long, .002—3 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .004—6 ae long, .002—3 mm, broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .004 mm. long, .002 mm. road, Il. PTYCHOGRAPHA, Ny. Thallus effuse, macular. Apothecia prominent, parallel, with 2 or 4 longitudinal hymenia in each. Spores 8, colourless, simple. Gelatina hymenea I vinose-red. 1. P. a«ylographoides, Nyl. greyish-white, macular, or nearly obsolete, internally with the gonidia sub-glomerated ; apothecia black, lanceolate, somewhat prominent, above plane; epithectum usually longitudinally 1-or 3-plicated, margined, within concolorous ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, simple ; epithecium nearly colour- less; Aypothectum and perithecitum black; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. On decorticated mountain-ash. 1874, Syn :—NylL in. Flora 1874. p. 315. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 3. 257. Fie :—Journ. Bot. 1. c. t. 150. Bort. Prov: —15. ScortanD :—Craig Calliach, Killin. Rev. J. If. Crombie. (1874.) “ Spores .011—14 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad,” (Crombie.) III. AGYRIUM. Fr. in part, Wyi. Thallus scarcely visible. Apothecia oblong or rotundate, epithe- cium plane or convex. Paraphyses distinct. 1. A. rufum, (Pers.) thallus indicated by a whitish spot ; apothecia bright-red, rotundate or oblong, pale or convex, prominent, sub-tuberculose ; hypothecium fale ; spores 8, colourless or rufescent, ellipsoid, simple. On old posts, &c., rare. Syn :—Stictis rufa, Pers. Obs, Myc. 2. p. 74. (1799.) Agyrium, Fr. S. M. 2. 232. Nyl. Scand. 250. Fic :—Pers. Obs. Mye. t. 6. f. 6. Exs :—Fellm. 206. M. & N. 1096, Geroc. DistTRIB :—Scandinavia, Switzerland, France. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...16...19. ScorLtanD :—Achrosagan, Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Irevanp :—Crogham! Killarney. Messrs. Wright & Carroll. Dinis, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Gaer Ditches! near Knighton, Radnorshire, Dolgelley ! “*Spores .011—14 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” ( Myl.) Spores .012 mm, long, .C08 mm, broad. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 393 IV. LITHOGRAPHA, Wy. Thallus crustaceous or evanescent ; apothecia lirelleeform, black, tumid, epithecium rimiform, margins thick, convex ; hypothecium black, thick, entire ; spores 8 or numerous, simple or 1-septate. 1. L. tesserata, (DC.) pale-brownish-grey, crustaceous, tessellato- areolate, areole plano-convex, (K yellow then red) ; apothecia Suscous-black, lirelleform, slightly prominent, short, obtuse, simple or slightly divided, solitary or clustered, straight or curved ; epithe- cium rimeform, margin thick, wnjlexed ; hypothecium thick, black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong or ellipsoid, simple, minute. On alpine rocks, rare. Syn :—Opegrapha tesselata, DC. FI. Fr. 2, 313. (1805.) Leight. Br. Graphid. p. 8. Opegrapha petrea, Ach. Syn. 72. Lithographa tesserata, Nyl. Scand. 290, Mudd Man. 225. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2632. fig. 2. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 1, Exs :—Leight. 396. Anzi Langob. 203. Th. M. Fries 46. Korb, 256. Grog. Distr1B :—Sweden, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1...7...10, 11, 12...15. Ene Land :—Holwick Scar, on the Tees, Yorkshire. Mr. Robertson. Valley of Rocks, Linton, N. Devon. Mr. Borrer. Middleton in Teesdale, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman, near Staveley. Mr. Martindale. ScotLtanD :—Morrone ; Ben Lawers; Cairn Gowar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wa ezs :—Snowdon. Mr. Holmes. Cader Idris, north west side! Llyn Aran ! Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris ; Aran Mowddy! Cwm Cywion! Glyder Vach! Pass of Llanberis ! Cwm Cwlyd! Cwm Clyd! Moel-y-gest! near Tremadoc, “Spores .002 in, long, by .001 in. broad, t. 4. f. 87.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .0045—.0065 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) ‘‘Spores .010—15 mm. jong, .005—8 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores .011 mm. long, .005 mm, road. 2. L. petreea, (Durieu.) evanescent ; apothecia black, lirelleeform, thick, linear, simple, somewhat shining, clustered and congregated, flexuose; epithecium rimeform ; margin very thick, tumid, inflexed ; hypothecium thick, black ; spores numerous, colourless, oblongo- cylindrical, simple. On rocks, rare. Syn :—Mont. & Dur. Expl, Sc. Alger. 278, (1846.) Nyl. Prodr. 147, Exs :—Larbal. 40. Groce. Distr1B :—Algeria, Bort, Prov :—26...31. TRELAND :—Lettermore and near Kylemore! M7. Larbalestier. CHANNEL Isnanps :—Le Fret Common! Noirmont! Jersey, Mr. Larba- lestier. “Spores .008—4 mm. long, .001 mm. broad.” (yl.) 3. L. dendrographa, Nyl. cinerascent, effuse or evanescent, (K—C—) ; apothecia black, linear or oblong or elliptical, simple or slightly furcato-divided, erumpent ; epithectwm black, opake, narrow, at length applanate, margin prominent, thin, shining, more or less flexuose ; hypothecium fuscous-black ; spores numerous, colour- less, ellipsoid, minute, simple ; paraphyses indistinct. On trees, rare. 1869. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1864, p. 488. Crombie Enum. 95, Gxoc. Distris :—France. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...31. Encianp :—Near Totnes, 8. Devon. Dr. Holl. (1869.) Budleigh Salterton, Prof. Dickie. River Dart! Cornwall, Mr. Curnow, Stoney Cross, New Forest, Whitefield, Isle of Wight. Mr. Holmes. 394 THE LICHEN-FLORA “Spores .005—8 mm, long, .0083—4 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .0085 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 4. L. Larbalestierti, Leight. pallido-stramineous, minutely and irregularly granulate, slightly pulverulent, thin, effuse, indetermi- nate, (K yellow C—) ; apothecia black, slightly shining, very nume- rous and minute, rounded, variously angular or sublirelleform by compression, stipitate, coacervate and aggregate and difformed, in’ trregular scattered very prominent groups or clusters about the size of mustard-seed ; epithecium plane or often compressed and ope- graphane or rimeform, with an elevated thickish incurved margin ; hypothecium pale-brownish, somewhat nigricant ; hymenium dusky, paraphyses distinct, slender, apices colourless; spores 8, colour- less, oblong or ellipsoid, simple. On quartzose rocks, very rare. 1877. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Banks of Kylemore Lake! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) Spores .016—.017 mm. Jong, .008—.009 mm. broad. Iodine tinges thecz blue then fulvescent. A most remarkable and striking lichen. 5. L. Andrewii, Stirt. white or whitish or when rubbed cineras- cent, (K—-C—) thickish ; apothecia black, small, at first albovelate, at length erwmpent, crowded, sessile or tnnato-sessile, rotundate, oblong, simple or rarely divided ; epithecium rimeform, at length explanate, fulvescent ; proper margin prominent, generally inflexed ; paraphyses distinct, colourless at the apices; hypothecium colour- less ; spores 8, colourless, simple, shortly ellipsoid or often globose, nucleolate. On granite rocks, rare. 1878. Syn :—Stirton in Scottish Naturalist July 1878. p. 300, Bor. Prov :—13. ScotLanD :—New Galloway. Mr. J. M’ Andrew, (1878.) “Spores .0065—.011 mm. long, .0Uj—.007 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I—.” (Stirt.) 6. L. cerebrina, Scher.. chalky-white, tartareous, contiguous, (K—C—) ; apothecia scattered or congregate, sessile, variously plicato-deformed, black; hypothecium black, thick; spores 8, fuliginous or nigricant, lineari-oblong, 1-septate. On calcareous rocks, rare. Syn :—Scher. Spic. 136. 196. (1823 -1836.) Nyl. Prodr. 140, Opegrapha, DC. Leight. Br. Graph. 8. Mudd Man. 226. ¥ ie :—E. Bot. Suppl. 2682. tig. 1. (1830.) Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 2. . Exs :—Arn. 133. Anzi Langob. 202. one Grog. Distris :—Bavaria, Italy, Pyrenees, France. Bor. Prov :—1...8...10, 11, 12. ‘fEncianp :—Northern Counties. Mr. Dickson. Teesdale! Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Ingleborough. Dr. Carrington. Penhill. My. Baker. Matlock co. Derby. Dr. Holl. Dartmouth. Mr. Paryitt. “Spores .0035 to .004 in. long, by .00125 to .0015 in. broad, t. 4. f. 88.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .015—21 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (Wul.) Spores .023 mm. long, ,012 mm. broad. 7. L. interjecta, Leight. albido-subvirescent, tartareous, thin, furfuraceous, almost evanescent ; aputhecta black, lirelleform, sume- what shining, linear, simple or sometimes branched, solitary or OF GREAT BRITAIN, 395 clustered, fleruose ; epithecium very narrow, rimeform ; margin tumid, inflexed ; hypothecium black ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, l-septate. On slaty maritime rocks, very rare. 1856. Bor. Prov :—7. Wats :—Barmouth ! (1856,) Cwm Cywion ! Spores .021—.023 mm. long, .009 mm. broad, V. OPEGRAPHA, Ach. Ny. Thallus very thin or scarcely any. Apothecia (lirellw) black, superficial, lineari-lanceolate or sub-rotundate or linear, elongate or flexuose or ramoso-divided, with a proper margin ; perithecium entire ; epithecium plane or rimeformi-angustate ; spores 8, colour- less or fuscescent, lineari-oblong, sub-clavato-fusiform, fusiform or acicular, 1-multi-septate. * Spores 1-septate. 1. O. lentiginosa, Lyell. cream-coloured, thin, tartareous, smooth, nigro-fusco-limitate ; lirelle excessively prominent and sessile, very minute, punctiform, oblong or linear, straight, simple ; perithecitum entire ; epithecium rimezform ; proper margin tumid and incurved ; spores 8, fuscescent, irregularly obovate, 1-septate, constricted. On beech and holly and oak, rare. Syn :—Leight. Br, Graph. a ee) yh Prod. 158. Mudd Man. 226, Fie :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 6. Exs :—Crombie 98. Grog, Disrris :—France, Normandy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2... Enetanp :—New Forest! Hants. Mr. Lyell_in herb. Borrer. St. Leonard’s Forest ! Sussex. Mfr. Borrer. near Lyndhurst, New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Tilgate Forest, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Ivybridge. Mr. Holmes. IRELAND :—Currazhmore. Adm, Jones. Old Deer Park, Castlemartyr, Cork ; Glenbower, Killeagh. Mr: Carroll. “Spores .0025 to .003 in. long, by .001 to .00125 in. broad, t. 89.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .011—16 mm. long, .006—7 mm, broad.” (wi) Acres ,015—.016 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad. 2. O. lentiginosula, Nyl.: thallus evanescent ; lirelle excessively prominent and sessile, very minute, ellipsoid, straight, simple, rarely divided ; perithectum colourless or deficient at the base ; 5 epithecium rimeform ; proper margin tumid and incurved ; spores 8, fuscous, obovate, 1-septate, constricted, larger than in lentiginosa ; paraphyses indistinct. On pines in sub-alpine regions, rare. 1864. Sy :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p, 355, , Grog. DistR1s :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—15. ScorLanD :—Glenfalloch! Mr. Carroll. (1864.) “Spores .020—23 mm. long, .010—11 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 3. 0. diplasiospora, Nyl. albido-glaucescent, thin, smooth, mem- branaceous, effuse; Jlirelle oblong or. lanceolato-oblong, small, innato-erumpent, black; epithecium expanded, plane; proper margin thin, elevated, inflexed ; perithecium. nigro-fuscous, entire at the base ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, fusco-nigrescent, obovate, 1-septate, constricted, double the size of those of O. lentiginosa.. 4 396 THE LICHEN-FLORA On holly in mountain ranges, rare. 1867. Srv :—Nyl. N. Granada ed. 1. 62; (1863,) ed. 2. 92. Fic :—Nyl. N. Gran. ed. 1. t. 2. f. Exs :—Lindig 2787, & 846. Grog, Distt :—N. Granada, Europe. Bor. Prov:—19. TReLanp :—Turk {Mountain ! Cromaglown, Killarney. Afr. Carroll. (1867.) “Spores .027—32 mm. long, .012—16 mm. broad.” (Wy2.) Spores .026—.029 mm. long, .009—.010 mm. broad. 4. 0. constrictella, Stirtn. whitish or palish, thin ; apothecia in- ternally pallidofuscescent, black, simple, sometimes aggregate ; epithecium broad, concave, or also explanate ; perithecium lateral ; paraphyses crowded, irregular, not well distinct, apices fuscous (K dirty-blue) ; hypothecium colourless ; spores 8, colourless, obovate, l-septate, constricted: On old bark. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Scott. Naturalist 4. p. 29. (1877.) Bor. Prov :—16. ScortanD :—Ben Brecht, Argyleshire. Mr. Paterson. (1874.) Spores .012—.017 mm. long, .0045—.0065 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I~. ** Spores 3-septate. 5. O. herpetica, Ach. dusky-olive, thin, sub-tartareous, more or less cracked or slightly rugged, fusco-limitate, (K reddish) ; lirellce small, innate, round, oval, oblong or lineari-oblong, obtuse, simple and divided, straight or curved ; disk rimeform, expanded in age ; proper margin thick, rounded and inflexed; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-septate. On trees, oak, ash, beech, frequent. forma vera, Leight. thallus tuberculate, pulverulent ; lirelle imbedded, small, simple, naked. aan :—Leight. Br. Graph. 19. (1854.) Ach. Syn. 72. Nyl. Scand. 255, Mudd aD Fic aod Bot. 1789. Leight, Br. Graph. t. 5, f, 12. Exs :—Nyl. 81. Mudd 213. Hepp 555, Geroc. Distrrp :—Europe, France, Switzerland, Sweden, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1...3, 4, 5...8...11.. "15. el Pci tOae EncLanp :—Bradwell ! Suffolk. Afr. Borrer. essai Charnwood Forest ! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloram. Epping Eorest and Exeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Oxfordshire! M7. Bazter. Chelmsford! Essex. Mr. Piggott. near Newcastle, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Haldon Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Ivybridge. Mr. Davies. Shere! Dr. Capron. Wye, Brastead, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Haugh- mond Hill! Weir Coppice near Shrewsbury ScotLanb :—Lasswade! and near Dundes! Dr, Greville. near Stirling. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Armagh. Adm. Jones. Turk Mountain and McCarthy’s Island, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. CuanneEL Istanps :—St. Peter’s Valley! Perey Mr. Larbalestier, ‘‘Spores .0035 to .004 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” Mudd.) ‘Spores -016—23 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad.” (Wyi.) Spores .018—.024 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. forma sub-ocellata, Ach. thallus tuberculate, pulverulent, (K reddish) ; dérelle imbedded, small, simple or sub-stellate, adbo- ocellate, On trees, frequent. Syn :—Leight. Br. Graph. 21. Mudd Man. 234, Fic ;—Chevall. Hist, Graph. t. 19, f. 4. & f, 3, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 397 Exs :—Hepp 556. Leight. 222. M. & N. 555. Scher. 281. Nyl. 82. Anzi 338, Zw. 355, Rabh. 781. Groc. Distrip :—Switzerland, Italy, Germany, France, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...7...10...31. Encuanp :—Hurst ! Cuckfield! and Ardingley ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Bovin- gar! Essex. Mr, Lyell. near Thirsk! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Cliffrigg! Airy- holme Wood! Kildale ! Easby Wood! Yorkshire. Af. Mudd. Watss :—Edderton Wood ! Montgomeryshire. CuHaAnneEL IsLanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma elegans, Borr. thallus pulverulent, (K reddish) ; Jirellee larger, simple and divided, prominent, wavy. On trees, rare. Syn :—Leight. Br. Graph. 21. (1854.) Mudd Man. 235, Exs :—Leight. 286. Geog. Distr1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...10...15. Eneianp :—Ardingley ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Easby Wood! Ingleby! Yorks shire. Mr. Mudd. Epping Forest and Exeter. Rev. J. M.Crombie. Scotnanp :—Near Stirling. Rev. J. M. Crombie. forma rubella, Pers. thallus smooth, (K reddish) ; lirelle pro- minent, simple, immersed only at the base. On trees, birch, common. Syn :—Pers. Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 7. t. 1. £. 2. A. a. (1794.) Leight. Br. Graph. p. - Mudd Man, 235. Opeg. herpetica var. disparata. Ach. Syn. 73. Nyl. Scand. 255. Fic :—Cheval. Hist. Graphid. t. 17, f. 1. a. f. 2. Exs :—Scher. 95. Leight. 221. Anzi 339. Bohl. 74. Hepp 557. Groce. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, France, Germany, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—2...3...5...7...10...31. ENGLAND :—St. Leonard’s Forest ! and Charlton Forest ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer, Berrow, S. end of Malvern Hills! Worcestershire. Mr. Lees. Yorkshire. Mr. Dixon.. Airyholme Wood! Cliffrigg! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. EZ. N. Bloomfield. Tetsworth ! Oxfordshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Watss :—Llanbedrog ! CuanneL Istanps :—Grouville, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma rufescens, Pers. dark-dingy-olive, (K reddish); lirelle prominent, immersed only at the base, flexuose, swb-stellato-ramose ; epithecium plane, more or less canaliculate. “On ash, birch, and holly trees, not common. Syn :—0. rufescens, Pers. Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 7. p. 29. t. 2, f. 3. A. a, (1794.) Nyl. Scand. 256. Mudd Man, 235. 0. siderella, Ach. Syn. 79. O. herpetica var. rubella f. divisa, Leight. Br. Graph. 22. Fia :—Cheval. Hist. Graph. t. 18. f. 1. a. f. 26. f. 3. ¢. Exs ;—Mudd 214. t Grog. Disrris :—Normandy, Italy, Sweden, Belgium. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5...7, 8...10. 7 : EncLanp:—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Gopsall Wood! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Weir Coppice ! near Shrewsbury. Wates :—Trefriw ! ; . Nylander in Flora 1873. p. 299. says that rufescens differs specifically from herpetica according to the spermogonia. forma arthonoidea, Scher. lirelle suborbicular, innate, im marginate, plane. On ash trees, not common. Syn :—Scher. Spic. 328, (1823.) En. 156. Fic :—Hepp t. f. 47. 398 THE LICHEN-FLORA Exs :—Nyl. 80. Hepp 47. Zw. 7. Scher. 633. Gzoc. Distr :—France, Switzerland, Germany. Bort. Prov :—5, Enecianp :—Red Hill! Weir Coppice! near Shrewsbury. (1870.) 6. O. atra, Pers. thallus very thin, forming smooth, pale-yellow or whitish ocellate patches ; lirelle densely crowded towards the centre of the thallodal spot, sessile, depressed, lying in all directions or sub-parallel, linear, generally simple or confluent, flexuose ; epi- fhecium narrow, uniform, rimeeform, more or less open and canali- culate ; proper margin thick, elevated, wavy ; spores 8, colourless, obovato-fusiform, somewhat pointed at the extremities, 3-septate, very minute. On trees, common. Syn :—Pers. in Ust. Ann. Bot. st. 7. p. 30. (1794.) Nyl. Scand. 254, Leight. Br. Graph: p. 18. Mudd Man. 232. Fic :—Hoffm. En. t. 3. f. 2. c. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 11. Exs :—Anzi It. 8. 335. Groc. DistR1B :—France, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Asia, Africa, America. Bot. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7, 8...14, 15...19...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Gopsall! Leicestershire, Rev. A, Bloxam. Budleigh Salterton. Dr. Dickie, Fordham, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Plymouth and Edenbridge, Kent. Mr Holmes. St. Leonard’s Forest; New Forest; Epping Forest. Rev. J, M. Crombie. Weir Coppice ! near Shrewsbury, Shropshire. ~ ScotLanpD :—Near Edinburgh! Dr. Greville. near Stirling ; Callander ; Blair Athole; Lochaber. Rev. J. M. Crombie. InELanpD :—Dunkettle! Cork. Mr. Carroll. Knocknagoney! Colin Glen! Belfast ; Massareene Park! co. Antrim. Mr. Thompson. Wates :—Craig Breidden! Montgomeryshire; Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y coed, Trefriw ! CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Jersey and Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “‘Spores .008 to .0085 in. long, .00075 ih. broad.” (Mudd.) “Spores .015— 17 ag Jong, -004—6 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) Spores .0145—.020 mm. long, .004 mim. broad. forma denigrata, (Ach.) lirelle more or less crowded and numer- ous, trregularly scattered, simple or branched. On ash and sycamore trees, common. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 27. 1803.) Syn. 75. Mudd Man. 232. Fie :—E. Bot. 1753. (in part). Exs :—Nyl. 143. Scher. 461. Mudd 208. M. & N. 469, Grog. DistR1p :—France, Switzerland, Sweden, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...6, 7...10...15...19—30)...31, Eneianp :—Near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Marks Hall, Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Nesscliffe Hill! Shropshire. Scoruanp :—Near Stirling. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IreLanp :—Frequent. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Craig Breidden ! Dee nes Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y- coed. Trefriw! Builth! Fishguard! Pembrokeshire. CHANNEL IsLANDS :—Jersey and Guernsey. M7. Larbalestier. forma nigrita, Leight. lirelle densely crowded and confluent into irregular black central masses. On ivy, yew, ash, sycamore, frequent. Syn :—Leight. Br. Graph. 18. in part. (1853.) Mudd Man. 232. Fic :—Chev. Hist. Graph. t. 3. f. 6. d. Exs :—Leight. 193. Mudd 210. Groce. DistR1B :—Belgium. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10...15...16. ENGLAND :—Netley Abbey! Hants. Mr. Lyell. Sussex! Mr. Borrer, East- OF GREAT BRITAIN, 399 bourne. My, Roper. Shropshire! Rev. T. Salwey. Essex! Mr, Pigott. York- shire! Mr, Dixon. Airyholme Wood! near Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Tong Priory ! Shelton ! near Shrewebury Llanymynech Hill! Shropshire. Scorianp :—Callander ; Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wates :—Conway ! Bettws-y-coed! Trefriw! Llanrochwyn Churchyard ! forma parallela, Leight. lirelle lineari-elongate, horizontally parallel. On cherry, hazel, &c., not unfrequent. Zo :—Opegrapha Cerasi & Coryli, Chev. Fl. Par. 1. 521. (1836.) Mudd Man. Fia :—Chev. Hist. Graph. t. 1. f. 3. & 4.6.2. £1. & 2. Exs :—Mudd 209. Leight. 245. Grog. DistRip :—France, Belgium, Normandy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10...19...26...31. ENGuanp :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Yorkshire! Mr. Dizon. Cockshaw Bank ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Woodham Walter, Essex. Mr. Varenne. near Compton place, East- bourne. Mr. Roper. Abdon! Loppington! Shropshire. ScotLanp :—Near Stirling. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Inevanp :—Castlebernard. Prof. Hincks. Fermoy! Mr. Carroll. Delphi, Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. WateEs :—Gwydir woods ! Bettws-y-coed. CuanneL IsLanps :—Jersey and Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma herbarum, Mont. yellowish or whitish ; lérell# erumpenti- innate, flexuose, simple, /ineari-elongate, longitudinally sub-parallel ; epithectum rimeform. On stems of various flowering plants (Teucrium Scorodonia) and ferns, rare. Syn :—Mont. Arch. de Bot. 1833..p. 302. Syllog. 350. Scher, En. 153. Fie :—Arch. Bot. t. 15. f. 1. , Grog. Distr1B :—France. Bot. Prov :—19. IRELAND :—Muckruss, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. forma hapalea, Ach. lirellz confluent, epitheciwm deplanate. On various trees, elder, not frequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 79. (1817.) Nyl. Prodr. 158. Fic :—Chev. Hist. Graph. t. 6. fig. 1. a. Exs :—M. & N. 649. Scher. 586. Anzi It. S. 336. 387. Geroc. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy, Pyrenees, Hungary. Bot. Prov :—2...5, 6...19. ENGLanD :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Holly Bush Hill! Malvern range. Mr. Lees. Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Carrigaloe, Cork. Mr. Carroll. ‘Waxes :~Fishguard ! Pembrokeshire. forma arthonoidea, Leight. lirelle difformed, confluent in irregu- lar sub-stellate scattered deplanate spots. On various trees, ash, holly, poplar, not common. Syn :—Mudd Man. 282. (1861.) Exs :—Leight. 338. Scher. 463. 634. Gzog. Distris :—Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Pyrenees. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5, 6,7. 2 ENGLAND :—Devon. Dr. Dickie. Marks Hall, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Llanymynech! Holly Park near Stokesay ! Shrop- shire. _. WaLEs:—Conway ! Gwydir woods! Bettws-y-coed. Builth! Dolgelley! .Edderton ! Montgomeryshire. 400 THE LICHEN-FLORA forma ochrocheila, Nyl. margins of lirellee ochraceous ; epithecium expanded, plane. On ivy, elm, and grass, rare. Syn :—NylL in Flora 1865. p. 212. Geoc. DisTRrB :—France. Bor. Prov :—5, 6...19...31. Ene LanD :—Arkoll Hill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—(Saxicole.) Dinish ! Killarney. Mr. Hardy. WaALEs :—Builth ! Radnorshire. CuanneEL Istanps :—L’Ancresse Common, Guernsey!; St. Peter’s Valley! Meadow Bank, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .014—15 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .016 mm. Jong, .003—.004 mm. broad, forma tenwior, Nyl. lirelle very slender and narrow, simple or slightly branched, elongate, straight and curved. On ivy, rare. 1876. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Killery Bay, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. 7. O. atrula, Nyl. scarcely any thallus; lirelle black, oblong, short, simple, linearly arranged ; epithecium rimeform ; spores 8, colourless, fusiformi-oblong, 3-septate. On dry micaceo-schistose stones in shady places, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 565. Bor. Prov :—26. TreLanp :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) “Spores .016 mm. long, .0035 mm. broad.” (yl. ) 8. O. atricolor, Strtn. whitish, very thin, tndeterminate ; lirellee black, wnnato-sessile, narrow, generally simple, somewhat acute, internally cinerascent or pallido-fuscescent ; epithecium at first rimeform then somewhat concave or even explanate, rugulose ; spores 4-8, colourless, oblongo-ovoid, 3-septate ; paraphyses indis- tinct, irregular, apices fuscous ; hypothecium fuscous-black. On decorticated wood. 1875. Syn :—Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. p. 89. (1875.) Bot. Prov :—17. ScotLanp :—Near Altnaharra co. Sutherland. Dr. Stirton. (1875.) ‘Spores .015—.021 mm. long, .004—.0055 mm. broad. Hymenium and espe- cially the subhymeneal stratum K purple. Upper part of hymenium I persis- tently blue, lower part yellow and vinoso-rubescent then virous-red. Allied to O. atra.” 9. O. Turneri, Leight. pale-dirty-yellow, fuscv-limitate ; lirelle very prominent, sessile, mostly simple, slender and linear ; epithe- cium very narrow, uniform ; proper margin plump, rounded and incurved ; spores colourless, léneari-obovate, 3-septate. On trees, sycamore, poplar, hazel, ash, elder, birch, frequent. Quite distinct from O. varia f. rimalis. Syn :—Leight. Br. Graph. 17. (1853.) O. atrorimalis, Nyl. in Flora 1864, p. 488. Mudd » 231. Fic :—E. Bot, 2281. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 10. Geroc. DisTR1B :—Europe, Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...7...10...15...19...29, 30. ENGLAND :—Hurstpierpoint ! Sussex; Bradwell! Burgh! Suffolk! M7. Borrer. New Forest ! Hants. Mr. Lyell. near Worcester! Mr. Lees. Clifirigg ! Ingleby Park. Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Essex! Mr. Piggott. euenheeehy Epping Forest! Rev. J. M. Crombie. Colne, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Hulton Park! near OF GREAT BRITAIN. 401 Geen, Mr. Larbalestier.“Loppington ! Haughmond Hill! Dorrington ! Shrop- shire, Scornanp :—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole! Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—North of Ireland! Miss Hutchins. Colin Glen! Brett’s Glen ! a Mr. Thompson. Browne’s demesne, Riverstown near Cork! Mr. ‘arroll. Watess :—Capel Curig! Edderton ! Montgomeryshire; Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed. Trefriw ! Craig Breidden ! Spores .0L9 mm. long, .005 mm, broad. 10. O. conjluens, (Ach.) greyish-green, effuse, very thin, often obsolete ; lirelle sessile, simple, black, opake, thick, cylindrical, straight, or oftener curvate and contorted, very rarely solitary, scattered, generally crowded or conglobate; epithecium narrow, rimeeform, sub-dilatate in age; margin at first rotundate, inflexed, presently acute ; paraphyses septate, branched ; spores 8, colour- less, elongato-oval or soleeform, 3-septate. On sub-alpine rocks, rare. Pi :—0. lithyrga, var. confluens, Ach. L. U. p. 247. (1810.) Stizb. Stein. Opeg. Fra :—Stizb. Stein. Opeg. t. 2. f. 1. a—m, Exs :—Nyl. 144. Anzi Etr. 36, Rabh. 339. Groce. Distrip :—Switzerland. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...6...15...19...26. EncLanp :—St. Michael’s Mount, Penzance, and near Hastings. My. Holmes. ScotLanp :—Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Southern Counties. Mr. Carroll. Lettermore ! My. Larbalestier. Watss :—Goodwick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. 11. O. saxicola, Ach. dirty-white or rusty-brown ; lirelle oblong or ovate, deformed, short, obtuse, variously branched, rownded or triquetrous, wider at one extremity ; epithecium rimeeform more or less expanded ; proper margin tumid, round and incurved ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong or lineari-clavate, rounded at each extremity, 3-septate. On rocks, frequent. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 71. (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 254. Stizb. Stein. Opeg. 23. 0. rupestris, Pers. Ust. Ann. xi. 20. Leight. Br. Graph. 11. Mudd Man. 228. Fic :—E. Bot. 2345. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 5. Exs :—Scher. 94. Leight. 243. Zw. 145. A. Arn. 104. Grog. DistriB :—Normandy, Italy, Germany, Pyrenees, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5, 6, 7...10...19...26...29, 30, 31. ENGLAND :—Netley Abbey! Mr. Lyell. Newton Wood! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Nent Force! Cumberland. M7. Robertson. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. Nesscliff Hill! Downton Castle Woods! Llanyblodwel Rocks! Craigforda! Shropshire. IRELAND :—North of Ireland! Miss Hutchins, Larne! co. Antrim. Mr. Thompson. Muckruss! Rostellan! Cork Harbour. Mr. Carroll. Doughruagh Mountain! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Barmouth! Rev. JZ. Salwey. Great Orme’s Head! Castle Dinas Bran ! Pwll Dhu Head! Caswell Bay, Mumbles. Fishguard Harbour ! Good- wick Bay ! Pembrokeshire. CuHanneEL Istanps :—Near Ann Port; Boulay Bay; Rozel Meadow; Noir- mont, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .003 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .017—.019 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Var. De Candollet, Stizb. whitish or dirty-rusty-brown ; lirelle linear, lineari-oblong, oblong or ovate, expanded, obtuse at the extremities, chiefly simple and straight, dark-brown; spores 8, colourless, narrow, lineari-oblong, round at each extremity, 3-septate. BB 402 THE LICHEN-FLORA On rocks, rare. Syn :—Stizb. Stein. Opeg. 29. (1865.) Op. saxigena, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2. 259. peat Br. Graph. 13. 0. saxatilis, DC. Fl. Fr. 2. 312. Verrucaria umbrosa, ‘ayl. ie :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 7. Exs :—Leight. 311, Anzi Langob. 406, Anzi Venet. 104. Groc. DistR1B :—France, Italy, Hungary. Bor. Prov :—1...7...19...24...26...31, EncuLanbD :—Torquay. Mr. Parfitt.. TRELAND :—Dunkerron ! Dr. Taylor. Kerry. Dr. Moore. Croghain ! Killarney ; Kilkee, co. Clare. Mr. Carroll. Doughruagh Mountain! Delphi near Tully, Twelve Pins! Kylemore Castle, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Nant Gwynant! Mr. Holmes. Trefriw ! Llyn Geirionedd ! CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Boulay Bay, Jersey. Mr, Larbalestier. Spores .021—.022 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. Var. Chevalliert, Leight. white or pale-yellow ; lirelle simple, linear, elongated, curved or bent back, flecuose and wavy, black, crowded or conglomerate, shining, obtuse at the extremities ; para- physes distinct, slender; spores 8, colourless, broadly clavate, rounded at each extremity, 3-septate. On rocks, frequent. 1807. uo Br. Graph. 10. (1853.) Opeg. calcarea, Turn. in E. Bot. 1790. Fic :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 4. E. Bot. t. 1790. Stizb. Opeg. t. 1. f. 5. Exs :—Leight. 67. Larbal. 44. Anzi Etr. 37. Mudd 203. Geroe. DistR1B :—Belgium, Italy, Normandy. Bor, Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7...10...12...14...28, 24...30, 31. ENGLAND :—Netley ‘Abbey ! Mr. Lyell. North of England! Rev. J. Harr- man, Craigforda ! near Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Tantallon Castle ! Dr. Lindsay. Roseberry! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Suffolk! Sir Thos. Gage. Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Kingsbridge ! S. Devon. Dr. Holl. Old Eastbourne. Mr. Roper. ScotLanD :—Caroline Park, Edinburgh. Dr. Burchell. IRELAND :—Killarney ! Miss Hutchins. near Dublin! Derriquin! co. Kerry. Dr Taylor. Colin Glen, Belfast. Mr. Thompson. Ross! co. Clare; near Light- house, Cork Harbour! Mr. Carroll. near Letterfrack ! Lough Corrib ! Salrock ! Ballynakill! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—North Wales! Rev. Hugh Davies. Llanaber! Barmouth! Pem brokeshire! Rev. 7. Salwey. Cape St. Vincent Rock, between Aberdovey and Towyn! Rev. A. Bloxam. Great Orme’s Head! South Stacks! Holyhead! eee Goodwick Bay! Pembrokesbire. Giltar Point! and Manorbeer! near enby. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Guernsey ; Noirmont Warren; St. Ouen’s and St. Saviour’s, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. Spermatia straight or slightly curved, cylindrical. Spores .017 ~.019 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. forma heteromorpha, Hepp. athalline ; lirelle very long and broad, acuminate at the extremities. On maritime rocks. 1875. Syn :—Stizenb. Opeg. p. 21. (1865.) Fic :—Stizenb. J. c. tab. 5. a—& Bor. Prov :—23...26, TRELAND :—Killery Bay ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875.) Dublin. Dr. Moore. forma gyrocarpa, (Zw.) greyish; apothevia sessile, rotundato- deformed ; epithecium gyroso-plicate. Syn :—Flotow in Flora 1825, p. 345. Korb. Syst. 280, Fic :—Stizb Stein. Opeg. t. 2. f. 2«. A. p—o. Geog. DistR1B :—Hungary, Germany. Bor, Prov:—2, 3...7...15..,19...23. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 403° goo :—Shanklin, Isle of Wight. Dr. Holl, Maidstone, Kent. Mr. olmes. ScorLtanp :—Craig Guie, Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie.. i ap elue —Mangerton, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore Castle! Mr. Lar- alestier. Wates :—Bettws-y-coed ! Llyn Geirionydd! Trefriw! Llyn Gwernan ! CHANNEL IsLanps:— Boulay Bay! Jersey. Mr, Larbalestier. Var. Persoonti, Ach. white or albicant, thin, opake, sub-leprose, unequal ; lirelle oblong, small ; epithecium pliceeform or at length subdehiscent, often rugose and deformed ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-septate. On calcareous rocks, rare. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 17. Lichen Persoonii, Ach. Prodr. 19. Nyl. Scand. 254. (excl. Syn. Leight. Br. Graph.) Grog. DistrrB :—Sweden. Bor. Prov :—24. IRELAND :—Kilkee, co. Clare. Mr. Carroll. “Spores .021—25 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) 12. O. grumulosa, Duf. white, farinaceous, thick, (K faint yel- low, C red); apothecia cesio-pruinose, lanceolate or deformed, normally marginate, internally black ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo- fusiform, 3-septate. On rocks, rare. : Syn :—Duf. Journ. Phys. 1848. vol. 87, p. 214. Nyl. Prodr. 152. Fic :—Grevillea 2. t. 26. fig. 2. Exs :—Zw, 9. 142. 144. Anzi Langob. 404. Anzi Venet. 82. 83. Scher. 580. Grog. DistriB :—France, Germany, Italy, Algeria. Bor. Prov :—1...31. EncLanD:—South Devon! Prof. Dickie. Valley of Rocks, Mr. Holmes. CHANNEL IsLanps :—La Coupe; Rozel, Jersey. Walls of Old Nunnery, Alderney. Mi. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .011—17 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .018 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 13. 0. contexta, Strn. rufo-cervine, thin, limited by the brown hypothallus ; apothecia black, small, generally aggregate, gyroso- plicate, almost lecidetform, internally cinereo-fuscous ; hypothe- cium fuscous-black ; epithecium rimeform ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, apices blunt, 3-septate, moderate ; paraphyses very in- distinct ; lower half of hymenium I cerulescent then vinous-red. On elm, rare. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 35. (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScotitanpD :—Near Grantown, Inverness. Dr. Stirton. (1874.) ‘Spores .017—.025 mm. long, .0045 mm. broad.” (Stir. ) 14. 0. prosiliens, Strn. white or whitish, very thin, chrysogo- nidic ; apothecia black, prominent, ovate or oblong ; epithecium rimeform, margins prominent, rounded; spores 8, colourless, fusiformi-ellipsoid, 3-septate, generally 4-nucleate, surrounded by a gelatinous halo, rather large ; paraphyses distinct, branched, apices fuscescent ; gelatina hymenea I slightly-blue then vinous-red. On dead decorticated trees, rare. 1874. Syn :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p, 36. (1874.) Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Near Grantown, Inverness. Dr. Stirton. (1874.) “Spores .02—.028 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad.” (Stirt.) 404 THE LICHEN-FLORA 15. 0. nanthodes, Nyl. yellow or flavo-cinerascent, thin, some- what smooth, rimose ; lirelle black, oblong ; epithecium rimeform ; spores 8, colourless, Fusiformi-oblong, 3-septate ; hypothecium and perithecium nigricant. On quartzose rocks, rare. 1877. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1878. p. 245. Bort. Prov :—26. IgELAND :—Kylemore. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) ‘Spores .015—18 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinous feted: Spermatia straight, .004 mm. long, scarcely .0UL mm. broad.” yl. *** Snores 5-septate, 16. O. varia, Pers. thallus white, pulverulent ; lirelle promi- nent, sessile, round, oblong, elliptical, elongate, attenuated at each end; epithecium canaliculate or dilated in the middle, or plane and convex; proper margin prominent, inflexed, sometimes sub- evanescent ; spores 8, colourless, irregularly obovate or obovato- fusiform, 5-septate. Spores .024—.026 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. The following are the principal states of this very variable species. forma pulicaris, Lightf. lirelle oval, oblong or elliptical, minute, simple ; epithecium concave, dilated in the middle proper margin persistent, inflexed. On various trees, common. Syw :—Lightf. ay Scot. 2. 801. 1777.) Ny]. Scand. 253. Leight. Br. Graph. 14, Mudd Man. 230. a oe Meth. t. 1. f. 9. Chev. Graph. t. 14. f. 3. & 4. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. Exs :—Scher. 97. 518. 520. Zw. 5. A. C. Nyl. 73. 74. Anzi It. S. 329. 330. 331. bs dea 166. M. & N. 954. Gzoc. Disrrip :—Sweden, Switzerland, France, Italy, Hungary, Normandy, Germany, Belgium, Eyreneess sigets Bor. ROV sl, 2, 3...5...15...19...24...31. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! Mfr. Traer New Forest! Hants. Mr. Lyell. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Stoke Wood, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. Plymouth, Wye, Maid stone, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Epping Forest! near Exeter. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Abdon! Bickley Copnc } near Shrewsbury, Llanyblodwel rocks ! Shropshire. Scortanp :—Near Stirling; Killin; Banchory in Aberdeen, Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Castleconnel near Limerick! co. Clare; Rostellan, Cork. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanps :—Common on all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. forma notha, Ach. lirelle round or oblong, deformed, large ; epithecium plane or convex, obliterating the proper margin. On oak, common. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 19, (1798.) Syn. 76. Nyl. Scand. 253. Leight. Br.Graph. 15. Mudd Man. 230. Fie :—E. Bot, 1890. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 9. Exs :—M. & N. 857. Scher. 282. Leight. 66. Hepp 165. Nyl. 75. Anzi It. 8. 327. Larbal. 91. tase DistR1B :—France, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Normandy, Austria, rman) aor PRov: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5...10, 11...15...26.,,31. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 405 Enouanp :—Yarmouth, Mr. Turner. (1808.) Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. High Vawr Lane, Oswestry, Shropshire. Rev. T. Salwey. Ingleby ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Teesdale ; Cawsey Wood, Durham ; Hexham and Corbridge, Northumberland. Mr. Winch, Berwick. Dr. G. John- ston. Red Hills, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Rora and Penn Wood, Devon. Messrs, Jones & Kingston. Fiynsford, Kent. Mr. Holmes. The Bartons, Ledbury! (saxicole), Dr. Holl, Montford Bridge! near Shrewsbury; Haughmond Hill! base of Caer Caradoc! Heywood Forest near Ludlow ! Downton Castle Woods! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Near Stirling. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Cleghan ! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL IsLaNDs ;—(Saxicole) La Coupe, Jersey! Mr, Larbalestier. forma diaphora, Ach. lirelle elongate, attenuate at both extremt- ties ; epithecium plane ; proper margin persistent, flexuose. On oak, ash, sycamore, frequent. Syn :—Ach. Prodr. 20, (1798.) Syn. 77. Nyl. Scand. 253. Leight. Br. Graph. 15. Mudd Man, 231. Fig :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 9. Exs :—Scher, 98. 519. M. & N. 468, 556. Leight. 220. Anzi It. S. 328. 332, Zw. 4. Mudd 206. Nyl. 76. 77. Grog. DistRiB :—Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Belgium, Pyrenees France, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3..,6...10, 11...15...(19—30)...31. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! Mr. Borrer. Kildale! Kasby Wood! Airyholme Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Mill Hill, Middlesex; Lyndhurst; New Forest; Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Weardale; Teesdale; Ravensworth and Caswey Woods, Durham. Mr. Winch. Whitstone Hill, Exeter. fr. Parfitt. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Penn and Rora Woods, Devon. Messrs. Jones & Kingston. ScortanD :—Near Stirling ; Killin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IreLanp :—Frequent. Mr. Carroll. Watss :—Builth ! Radnorshire. CHANNEL ISLANDS ;—Jersey and Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma tigrina, Ach. lirelle linear-oblong, obtuse at the extremities ; epithecium canaliculate, nearly uniform; proper margin persis- tent, rounded and inflexed. On various trees, elm, oak, beech, not unfrequent. Syn :—Ach, L. U. 262. (1810.) Leight. Br. Graph. 16, Mudd Man, 230. Fie :—E, Bot. 2280. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 9. Exs :—Bohl. 52. Leight. 287. Mudd 205. Geog. Disrris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3, 4, 5...10...26...31. Encianp :—New Forest! Hants. Mr. Lyell. Hon iplerpenty, Sussex ! Had- disco, Norfolk! Coulsdon, Surrey! Mr. Borrer. Kildale! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Thame Park! Oxfordshire. Mr. Lar- balestier. Nesscliff ! Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Glendalough ! Connemara. ifr. Larbalestier. CHANNEL IsLanDs :—Jersey and Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier, forma tridens, Ach. lirellce elongate, stellate ; epithecium canali- culate ; proper margin persistent, rounded and inflexed. On various trees, beech, elm, rare. Syn :—Ach. L. U. 263, (1810.) Syn. 79. Leight. Br. Graph. 16. Mudd Man. 9: Fie :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 9. Geog. D1stTRIB :--Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...31. ENGLAND :—New Forest ! Hants. dav. Lyell. Sussex !~Mr. Borrer. Kelvedon Essex. Mr. Vurenne. CHANNEL IsLanps ;—Jersey and Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. 406 THE LICHEN-FLORA forma rimalis, (Fr.) lirelle linear-elongate, acuminate, sessile, prominent, minute ; epithecium canaliculate, margin elevated and inflexed. On trees, ash, oak, hazel, elder, frequent. Not to be confounded with O. Turneri. Syn :—Fries L. Ref. 365. (1831.) Nyl Scan. 253, Mudd Man. 231. Exs :—Leight. 192. Mudd 207. Groc. DistRIB :—Sweden, France. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...8...10...15...(19—30)...31. EncLanp :—Kildale! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. (saxicole) Fulking Roadside ! Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. Gopsall, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Blozam. Lyndhurst ! New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Red Hills, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. ScortanD :—Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Frequent. Mr. Carroll. CHANNEL IsLanbs :—Noirmont; Belcroute Bay, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma herbicola, Nyl. lirelle very slender, spores somewhat smaller. On dead stems of Osmunda regalis and Calluna vulgaris, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 463. Bor. Prov :—6...26. TRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Waxes :—Llyn Gwernan! near Cader Idris. forma ochrocheila, Leight. margins of lirelle viridi-ochraceous. On brambles, rare. 1877. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) 17. 0. Ceesareensis, Nyl. white, thin, rimulose, indeterminate ; lirelle black, cylindrical, prominent, simple, sub-flecuose ; epithectum rimeeformi-constricted ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 5-septate. On quartzose rocks, rare. Syn :—Ny]l. in Flora 1868. p. 477. Crombie En. 99. Geog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...31. po oe eat ae Mr. gai HHANNEL ISLANDS :—Noirmont, Jersey! E. tt of Ji ee y coast of Jersey very near Rozel ! “Spores .016—22 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .017—.021 mm. long, 004 mm. broad. 18. 0. areniseda, Nyl. thallus scarcely any or most obsoletely -externally visible ; lirelle black, linear, subgyrosely conglomerate in difformed pulvinate heaps, epithecium narrow ; spores 8, colour- less, fusiform, 3-5-septate ; hypothecium black ; gelatina hymenea I vinoso-rubescent. In crevices of walls, rare. 1873. Syn :—NyL in Flora 1875. p. 446. Bor. Prov :—3L CuannEL Isianps :—St. John’s, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. (1873.) ios aa neal vee in a black glomerules ; spermatia straight, Z —45 mm. long, . mm. broad. ores .014—16 : J broad.” (Nyl.) g F MED, Tong) s008 Tam, 19. O wulgata, Ach. greenish-white, cartilagineo-membrana- ceous, cracked and scaly, effuse ; lirelle prominent and sessile, variable in size, shorter ones roundish or oblong, longer ones slender OF GREAT BRITAIN, 407 and liuear, simple, wavy and shining or greasy ; epithecium rime. form, uniform; proper margin thick, very round and inflexed ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 5-septate. forma vulgata, Ach. liredlee small, numerous, but regularly scat- tered ; epithecium rimeeform, more or less expanded. On various trees, apple, ash, willow, birch, yew, fir, holly, com- mon. 1807. Syrw :—Ach. Prodr. 21. (1798.) Syn. 73, Nyl. Scand. 255. Leight. Br. Graph. 23. Mudd Man. 232. Fic :—E. Bot. 1811. Leight. Br. Graph. i 5. f. 13. a. b. Exs :—Bohl. 127. Scher. 516. Fries L. S, 280. (fide Nyl.) Leight. 194. Anzi Tt. $. 333, Mudd 211, Rabh, 820. Zw. 407. Grog. Distr1B :—Sweden, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Normandy, Belgium, Calcutta, Amazons, N. America. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7...10, 11...14, 15...19...26...31. ENGLAND :—Hurst and St. Leonard's Forest; Sussex! Mr. Borrer. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Malvern Hills ! Worcestershire. Mr. Lees. Berwick- on-Tweed, Dr. G. Johnston. Easby Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Northum- berland and Durham. Mr. Winch. Haldon, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Woodham Walter; Braxted; Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. Haughmond Hill! Weir Coppice ! Red Hill! near Shrewsbury, Castle Hill Plantation! near Acton Scott, Shropshire. ScorLanp :—Lasswade! and near Edinburgh! Dr. Greville, Killin. Rev, J. M. Crombie. IReLanD :—Near Derrycrimlry ! Mr. Carroll. Lough Derryclare ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Bryn Maelgwyn ! near Conway, Carnarvonshire ; Penmaen-mawr ! Torrent Walk, Dolgelley! Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y- -coed. Trefriw ! Rallt ! near Welshpool. Edderton ! Montgomeryshire. Craig Breidden ! CHANNEL ISLANDS :—St. Peter’s Valley, Jersey, and on all the Islands. Afr. Larbalestier. “Spores .005 to .006 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Spores .015 —20 mm. long, .003—4 mm. ‘proad.” (Wyl.) Spores .021 mm, long, .003 mu. broad. forma stenocurpa, Ach. lirellee long, slender and wavy, densely crowded ; epithecium rimeform, very narrow, closed. On various trees, oak, beech, elm, ash, fir, common. Syn :—Ach, L. U. 257. (1810.) Syn. 75. Leight. Br, Graph. 24. Mudd Man. 232. ae :—Chev. Graph. t. 7. f. 5. cu. t. 9. £. 1. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. £. 13. a. 1, b. 1 Exs :—Zw. 6. 147. Scher. 93. Geog. Distris :—Sweden, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...5...7, 8...10.. 19...31, Enoianp :—Sussex ! fr, Borrer. New Forest! Hants, Mr. Lyell. Twycross ! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Torquay! Devon. Dr. Deakin. Airyholme Wood! Newton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Weir Coppice! Shrewsbury ! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Near Cork! Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Pen-maen-mawr ! Trefriw ! CHANNEL IsLANDs :—St. Peter’s Valley, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. forma subsiderella, Nyl. lirelle radiato-ramose. On trees, rare. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 255. Fic :—Cheyv. Graph. t. 7. f. 3. a. Exs :—Nyl. 78. Mudd 212. Geog, DistRIB ty Belgian, Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5 ..7...10...19. ENGLAND :—Near the iam Clayton! Mr. Borrer. Easby! Brantsdale! Yorkshire. Mr. Mudd. Kelvedon, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Water lane, East- bourne. Mr. Roper, Red Hill! near Shrewsbury ! Shropshire, 408 THE LICHEN-FLORA TRELAND :—Rockgrove! Cork. Mr. Carvoll. WALES :—Dolgelley ! forma lithyrga, Ach. thallus thin, white or whitish, continuous, subfarinaceous, subdeterminate. On rocks, not common, 1849, Syn:—Ach. L. U. 247. (1810.) Syn. 72. Nyl. Scand. 255. Exs :—Zw. 3.1. A. & B. Larbal. 43. Groc. Distr :—Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bort. Prov :—5...26...31. EncianD :—Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. (1849.) TRELAND :—Dawros River ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. UHANNEL IsLanps :—L’Etacq Point ; Noirmont, Jersey. Mr, Larbalestier. forma steriza, Ach. pallido-ochraceous, very thin or evanescent ; lirellz simple, elongated, flexuose. On rocks, not common. 1865. Syn :—Ach. Syn. 72, (1817.) Nyl. Scand. 255. Exs :—Zw. 30. 354. Rabh. 795. Larbal. 42. Grog. Distr :—France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy. po PRov ae sie RELAND :—Croghan, Killarney. Mfr. Carroll, Doughruach in! B way. Mr. Larbalestier. oe eee C ALES Se a HANNEL IsLanps :—Noirmont! Rozel, Jersey; E ie! Larbatester. 1865.) : needs Mpeeratst “See Me: Opegrapha cinerea, Chev. near Trinity Church, Jersey! Mr. Larb y 1873, appears to be only a sparse or scattered state of 0. clnde the spore spermatia being alike in both. 2 20. O. hapaleoides, Nyl. cinereo-virescent or olivaceo-virescent thin, rimulose, subdeterminate ; lirelle black, somewhat shining, slender, stellato-ramose, apices obtuse; epithecium rimeform, narrow, margins thick, inflexed ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly fusiform, 5-septate. : On trees, oak. 1869. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1869. p. 296. Crombie in Journ. Bot. n. s. 2. 135. Bor. Prov :—1...26. i Eneanp :—Clifton, Somersetshire. Mr. Larbalestier. 1869.) emi tie 7 Mr. ieee pores .016 mm. long, .003 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) § long, .003 mm. broad. : Poh OES Es 21. 0. zonata, Kbr. rufous or rufoferruginous, thin, sub-tar- tareous, smoothish, with numerous dirty pale-whitish-yellow soredia limited by conspicuous elevated thickish nigro-fuscous lines resulting from the confluence of the hypothallus of many adjacent thalli : lirelle migrofuscous or black, scattered, few, sessile ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly or attenuato-fusiform, 5-septate. ; On shaded shaly mountain rocks, not common. 1871. Syn :—Korb. 8. L. G. 279. Par. 251, Verrucaria istica, i : L. Fi. 451. horistica, in part, Leight, Exs :—Anzi It. §. 326, Arn. 183. ‘ Grog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...10.. 31. EneLaND poeemeele eee pe piuda. (1858.) WALES :—Wood opposite Tan-y-bwlc otel, C aot Trefriw ! Bettws-y-coed ! . » Capel Curig! Llyn Cwlyd! CuanneL Istanps—Boulay Bay! Jersey. Mfr. Larbalestier. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 409 wee Snores T-septate. 22. O. Leightonit, Crombie in litt. chalky-white, pulverulent ; lirelle prominent, rigid, straight or stellato-divergent, tapering towards each extremity ; epithecium at first rimeform, then dilated ; proper margin thin, elevated; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 7-septate (sometimes 5 and 6.) On calcareous and sandstone rocks, frequent. 1807. Mr. Crombie has found in Sowerby’s Herb. in Brit. Mus. the identical specimen of Opegrapha calcarea from Mr. D. Turner, duly named, localized and marked as drawn in Eng. Bot. On examination and comparison, it proves to be identical with O. Chevallieri, (Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 4.) having spores broadly clavate, rounded at each extremity, 3-septate. He proposes therefore to name the Opeg. saxatilis, Leight. Br. Graph. Opegrapha Leightonii, Crombie. Syn :—0. sawatilis, Leight. Br. Graph. 9. excl. syn. O, rimalis septennaria, Nyl.! Fie :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 5. f. 3. Gzoc. Distr ;—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1, 2...4, 5...7...10, 11...19...31. EneLanpD :—Netley Abbey! Mr. Lyell. Stone Farm rocks, Ardingley ! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Norfolk and Suffolk. Sir J. E. Smith. Newton Wood ! Cleveland. Mr. Baker. Great Ayton! Yorkshire. Mfr. Dixon. Ilsham! Tor- quay, Devon. Dr. Deakin. near Whitburn, Sunderland and Castle Eden, Dur- ham ; Wycliffe Church. Mr. Winch. Castle Barnard, Durham! Rev. W. Johnson. Aymestry ! Herefordshire. {RELAND :—Killarney! Mr. Hardy. Wates :—Great Orme’s Head ! CHANNEL Isuanps :—La Coupe, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .027—.031 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 23. O. lyncea, (Sm.) white, tartareous, pulverulent ; lirelle black, immersed, oblong or lineari-oblong, rounded at each end, simple, curved ; epithecium plane, dilated, ccesto-pruinose ; proper margin stout, elevated, wavy; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 7-septate. On old oaks, not common. 1795. Syn :—Smith in E. Bot. 809. (1800.) Leight. Br. Graph, 47. Nyl. Prodr. 151. Mudd Man. 229. Fie :—E. Bot. 809. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 7. f. 25. Exs :—M. & N. 1158, Bohl. 93. Zw. 422. Nyl. 71. Mudd 204. Leight. 195. Grog. Distris :—Switzerland, France, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Brazils. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3, 4, 5...7, 8...10, 11...31. é ENGLAND :—Hainault Forest, Essex. Mr. Sowerby. (1795.) near Windsor. Mr. Turner. Sussex! Mr. Borrer. New Forest! Hants. Mr. Lyell. Oswestry ! Shropshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. on the Bear’s Oak! at Penshurst, Kent. Mr. Thompson. Northamptonshire. Prof. Churchill Babington. Hartshill Wood ! near Atherstone; Donnington Park! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Thorndon Hall Park! Essex. Mr. Piggott. Great Malvern! Worcestershire. Mr. Lees, Hoggarts Wood! Cliffrigg ! Cleveland. Mfr. Mudd. near Bishop Auckland, Durham. Rev. J. Harriman, near Thirsk, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. Topsham and Haldon, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Rivenhall; Kelvedon; Braxted, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Haughmond Hill ! Shropshire, Wates :—Edderton Wood! Montgomeryshire. : CHANNEL IsLaNDs :—Jersey and Guernsey. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .006 to .007 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Jfudd.) ‘‘ Spores .023 —31 mm. long, -.003—.0045 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .023—.025 mm. long, .004—.0045 mm. broad, 24. O. lithyrgodes, Nyl. reddish-brown, thin, continuous ; lirellee black and shining, minute, scattered, sessile, oblong or lineari-oblong, obtuse at the apices; epithecium riméeform, margin thickish, round, inflexed ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 7-septate, 410 THE LICHEN-FLORA Under surface of rocks, rare. 1876. Syw :—Nyl, in Flora 1875. p. 106. Exs :—Arn, 418. (fide Nyl.) Bor. Prov :—26. Tretanp ;—Lough Muck! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier, (1876.) Spores .032 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. ¥EEE* Spores multi-septate. 25. O. amphotera, Nyl. pale-dusky-yellow or tawny, thin, sub- tartareous, slightly rimose, somewhat pulverulent ; lirelle black, very variable in size and shape, numerous and crowded, round, oblong, lineari-oblong and lineari-elongate, simple, acuminate ; epithecium broad, plane ; proper margin thin, elevated, prominent, flexuose ; spores 8, colourless, acicular, 6-9-septate ; paraphyses few, slender, distinct; spermatia shortly cylindrical, slightly curved, different from O. vulgata. On Scotch fir, rare. 1866. Syn:—NyL in Flora 1866. p. 374. Leight. in Ann. and Mag. N. Hist. June 1867. O. dubia, Leight. Exs. 312. Exs :—Leight. 381. 312. Geog. DistR1e :—Europe. Bor Prov :—1...7. ENGLAND :—Selant Wood! near Hayle, Penzance. Mr. Curnow. ‘WALES :—Side of the Bala turnpike road, about ? mile from Dolgelley! (July 1866). Spores .029 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 26. O. prosodea, Ach. dirty-pallido-fuscescent, cartilagineo- membranaceous, effuse ; lirellee sessile, thick, sub-cylindrical, some- whut shining, straight ; epithecitum rimeform ; proper margin conni- vent, elevated, subcarinate; spores colourless, elongato-fusiform, 11-13 septate; paraphyses distinct, stout ; perithecium carbona- ceous, thick, entire. On oaks and beech, rare. Syn :—Ach. Meth. 22. (1803.) Syn. 74. Nyl. Addit. N. Gran. 568. Exs :—Spruce L. Amaz. 67. Larbal. 92. Geog. Distars :—Amazons, Brazils. Bor. Prov :—3...31. EncLanp :—Shiere! Surrey. Dr. Capron. CuanneEL IstanDs :—Ann Port; St. Peter’s Valley, Fliquet Bay; Belcroute Bay, Jersey! Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .045—.057 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .056 mm. long, .006 mm. broad. 27. O. viridis, Pers. pale-dusky-yellow, thin, sub-tartareous, rimose, limitate ; lirelle small, innate, rounded, oblong, or linear, straight or curved, chiefly simple ; epithecium rimeform, uniform ; proper margin rounded. inflexed ; spores 8, colourless, elongato- Susiformi-acicular, 13-septate. On trees, beech, holly, rare. Syw: —Pers. in Ach. Meth. 22. (1803.) Nyl. Scand. 256. 0. siderella, Leight. Br. Graph. 24. Mudd Man. 233. Fic :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 6. f. 14. Exs :—M. & N. 648. Scher. 96. Hepp 164. Groc. Distaip :—France, Germany, Sweden, Ceylon. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...7...10...19...31. EncLanp :—New Forest! Hants. Mr. Lyell. Hoggarts Wood; Ingleby OF GREAT BRITAIN, 411 Park, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Dunsford, Exeter. Mr. Parfitt, Eynsford, Bras- tead, Otford, Maidstone, Beechborough, Kent. M7. Holmes. TRELAND :—Castlebernard Park, Bandon. Adm. Jones. Castlemartyr ; Turk, Dinis, and Cromaglown, Killarney ; Eagle’s Nest. Mr. Carroll. Wa tes :—Trefriw! N. Wales.. CuanneEx Istanps:—St. Peter’s Valley, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .009 to .011 in. long, by .001 in. broad. t. 4. f. 90.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .0835—55 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (yl.) .049 mm. loug, .005 mm. broad, forma taxicola, Leight. pale-yellowish-grey, pulverulent, effuse ; lirelle large, excesswely prominent and sessile, oblongo-linear or lineari-elongate, straight or curved, chiefly simple, scattered or congregated ; epithecium broadly rimeform ; proper margin rounded, inflexed, rugged ; spores 8, colourless, elongato-fusiformi-acicular, 13-septate. On yew, rare. 1853. Syn :—Leight. Br. Graph. 25. Mudd Man, 234, Fic :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 6, f. 15. Groce. DistRrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...7, 8...31. Eneianp :—Funtington church yard !; Hunston church yard ! Aldingbourne church yard! Sussex. Mr. Borrer. (1853.) Twycross, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Church yard, Hayling Island, Hants. Mr. Larbalestier. Wa tes :—Llanrhochwyn church yard ! CHANNEL Istanps :—Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .049 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. _ 28. O. involuta (Wallr.) viridi-fuscescent, thin, continuous ; lirellee black, opake, abbreviated, emerged, irregularly lirelleform, or rotundato-difformed ; epithecium more or less applanate ; margins thickish, involute ; spores 4-6, colourless, fusiform, multiseptate. On holly, rare. 1874. Syn :—Graphis, Wallr. Fl. Germ. Crypt. p. 329, (1831.) Zwackia, Korb. Syst. p. 286. Opegrapha, Nyl. Prodr. 154. Gxroc. Distris :—Germany, France. Bort. Prov :—1...7. ENGLAND :—Ivy Bridge! Devon. Mr. Holmes. Wates :—Trefriw ! (1874.) VI. PLATYGRAPHA, Wy. Thallus thin or obsolete. Apothecia black, plane, simple, im- marginate or surrounded with a shining thalline margin. Spores 8, colourless, fusiform, septate. Spermatia shortly cylindrical, straight or slightly curved. 1. Pl. rimata, (Fw.) white, tartareous, thin, rimose, verruculose ; apothecia lirelleform, fuscous-black, impressed in the verruce, simple or branched, straight or wavy, either acute at the extremities or obtuse or rounded, broad and expanded, plano-convex, shining, surrounded with a spurious narrow whitish thalline margin ; hypo- thecium nigro-fuscous, thick; paraphyses distinct; spores 8, colourless, aciculari-fusiform, curved, 3-septate. On ash and wych-elm, rare. Syw :—Flot. L. Exs. 438. B. (1829.)"Nyl. Prodr. 162, Mudd Man, 244, Chiodecton graphidioides, Leight. Br. Graph. 51, Fie :—Leight. Br. Graph. t. 7. f. 29. Exs ;—Welw, Lusit. 89, (in part), 412 THE LICHEN-FLORA Gzog. Distrre :—France, Portugal, N. Granada, Canaries. Bor. Prov :—5...7...23. Ene anv :—Near Sharpstones Hill! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Loughlinstown ! Herb. Borrer. Wates :—Chirk Castle Park ! Denbighshire. “Spores .007 in. long, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad. t. 4. f. 95.” (Mudd.) “Spores .024—34 mm, long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .024—.034 mm, long, .003—.0035 mm. broad, VII. STIGMATIDIUM, Mey. Thallus distinct, crustaceous, thick. Apothecia punctiform or elongated, slender, aggregate or single, immersed, internally en- tirely whitish ; hypothecium colourless. Spores elongato-fusiform. Spermatia straight, shortish. 1. St. crassum, Dub. greyish-white, olive or brownish-olive, determinate, decussate with blackish lines, crustaceous, thickish and turgid, smooth and polished, contiguous or rimulose ; apothecia brownish-black, numerous, very minute, punctiform, slightly convex, immarginate, solitary or confluent in flecuose radiate lines, deeply immersed ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 5-septate. On trees, ash, holly, oak, not uncommon. 1807. Syn :—Duby Bot. Gall. p. 643. (1830.) Nyl. Prodr. 163, Mudd Man. 243. Sagedia aggregata, Leight. Ang. Lich. p. 24. Fie :—E. Bot. 1752. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 8. f. 1. Exs :—M. & N. 955. Scher. 587, Leight. 69. Mudd 224. Bohl. 116. Larbal. 45, 46. Welw. Lusit. 89. (in part). Grog. DistRrrp :—France, Germany, Algeria. Bot. Prov :—1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10...(19...26...30)...31. Encianp :—New Forest, Hants. Mr. Lyell. (1807.) Sussex. Mr. Borrer. Bery Castle! Totness, Devon. Dr. Deakin. Westerdale! Newton Wood! Cleveland. Bfr. Mudd. near Thirsk, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. near Exeter, Devon. Mr. Parfitt. New Forest and Epping Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Malvern. Worcester ; S. Devon and Cornwall. Dr. Holl. Stoke Wood, Exeter. Af. Par- Jftt. near Twycross, Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloram. Plymouth. Mr. Holmes. Great Glenham, Suffolk. Rev. EZ. N. Bloomfield. Wrotham, Ightham, Canter- bury, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Parkgate! Cheshire. Sharpstones ! Shropshire. IRELAND :—On old trees, common. Afr. Carroll. Lough Inagh! Mr. Larba- lestier. Wates :—Cherriton Church-yard ! Pembrokeshire. Rev. 7. Salwey. Glodd- aeth ! near Conway. Llanbedrog! Fishguard ! CHANNEL IstanpDs :—Ann Port! Jersey. (saxicole) Rozel! and La Coupe! and all the Islands. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .006 to .008 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (MudJ.) Spores .03i— .032 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 2. St. circumscriptum, (Tayl.) glaucous-white, thick, tartareous, sub-determinate or effuse, even, sub-pulverulent, rimulose ; apothecia brownish-black, very minute, punctiform, innate, obovate or clavate, crowded and congregated, solitary, distinct or lineari-confluent, plane or slightly convex, pruinose or naked, immarginate, inter- nally pale ; spores 8, fuscous, narrowly obovate or clavate, 5-septate. On shaded rocks, very rare. 1836. Syn :—Verrucaria, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2. 96. 1836.) Sagedia, Leight. Angioc. Lich. 24. Mudd Man. 253. Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 8. f. 3, Exs :—Mudd 239. Geog. DistRIB :—France. Bor, Prov :—1...10...19...30, 31, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 413 Eneranp :—Airyholme Wood, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Mouth of Tamar, Devonport! East Lyn, Kent. Mr. Holmes. Iretanp :—Kerry ! Dr. Taylor. co. Antrim. Dr. Moore. CHANNEL IsLaANDS :—La Coupe; Rozel Valley! Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .005 in. long, by .0015 in. broad at apex and by .00075 in. at base, t. 4. £100.” (Afudd.)” Spores .02—.025 mm. long, .005 mm. broad. 8. St. dendriticum, Leight. whitish or cream-coloured, thin, tar- tareous, smooth, effuse, (K yellow C yellow) ; apothecia lirella-form, black, innate, irregularly and variously branched in a dendritic or radiate manner, plane, naked, immarginate, internally pale ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly obovate or clavate, 3 or 4-septate, upper cell larger. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1875. Syw :—Leighton in Journ. Bot. Sept. 1875. Fic :—Journ. Bot. 1. c. tab. 166. Bot. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Near Rinvyle! and on the Doughruagh Mountain (alt. 1800 ft.) wer Salrock! co. Galway. Maam! Joyce country. Mr. Larbalestier. 1875. Thallus sometimes slightly rimulose, consisting internally of innumerable colourless very minute, rounded granular bodies amid which are round or oblong nucleolate gonidia. Paraphyses flocculose, closely packed and en- tangled. The septa confined to the lower portion of the spore. Medulla white I yellowish. Gelatina hymenea I—. Analagous to St. circumscriptum (Tayl.) just as St. venosum (Ach.) is to St. crassum, Dub. Spores .019—.022 mm. long, -006—.007 mm. broad. 4, St. Hutchinsice, Leight. dull-pale-yellow, thin, crustaceous, nigro-limitate, continuous, minutely rimulose ; apothecia lirelleform, dark-brown, each innate in an elevated thalline verruca which forms a spurious narrow paler margin, variable, round and minute, oblong, linear, more or less branched, straight or curved and flexuose, plane, dilated, immarginate ; excipulum lateral, brown ; spores 8, colour- less, fusiform, 5-7-or pluri-septate. On shaded rocks, not common. 1853. Syn :—Nyl. Enum. 132. (1858.) Mudd Man. 243. Platygramma Hutchinsie, Leight. Br. Graph. 49. (1854.) Fic :—Leight. br. Graph. t. 7. f. 28. Exs :—Leight. 130. Mudd 225. 226. Zw. 392. B. Arn. 293, Gnoc. Disrrie :—Europe, Germany. Bor. Prov :—1...7...10...12...19...26...31. Eneianp :—Keswick ! Cumberland. Herb. Borrer. Newton rocks ; Pinching- thorp Wood! Airyholme Wood ; Beech Bank, Kildale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Whitesand, Cornwall. Rev. J. M. Crombie. near Derwentwater! Mrs. Stanger. Ayton! Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. near St. German’s, Cornwall. Dr, Holl. Ply- mouth. Mr. Holmes, . ; : IRELAND :—Near Bantry! Miss Hutchins. Carig Mountain, Kerry. Dr, Taylor. Blackwater Bridge, Kerry. Adm. Jones. Dunscombe’s Wood, Cork ; Dinis Island (and also f. corticole), Muckruss Demesne ; Island in Upper Lake, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Dawros River ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. Waters :—Edderton Wood! Montgomeryshire; Bettws-y-coed! Conway falls! Moel-y-gest ! eae CHANNEL IsLANDS :—St. Peter’s Valley; Gargate Mill Valley! Jersey. Mfr. Larbalestier. 7 “Spores .006 to .007 in. long, by .001 in. broad, t. 4. f. 94.” (Mudd.) * Spores .023—28 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .025—.030 mm. long, .004 mm. broad. 5. St. venosum, (Ach.) dirty-cream-colour, tartareous, nigro- fusco-limitate, smooth, continuous, in turgescent patches ; apothecia lirelleform, dark-reddish-brown, innate, slender, variously branched. 414 THE LICHEN-FLORA Jlexuose, plano-convex, dilated, naked, immarginate, with a pale spurious narrow thalline margin, internally pale ; spores 8, colour- less, elongato-acicular, 13-septate. On old trees, rare. Syn :—Mudd Man. 244. Opegrapha, Sm. E. Bot. 2454. ee eee elaborata, (Lyell Mss. in herb. Borrer.) Leight. Br. Graph. 50. Fie :—E. Bot. t. 2454, Leight. Br. Graph. t. 7. f. 27. Geroc. DistRIB ene Bor. Prov :—2...2! ENGLAND :—New a Hants. Mr. Lyell. Quarr Abbey Wood! near Byde, ales a Wight. Rev. A. Bloxam. near Brockenhurst in New Forest. Rev. J. IRgLAND :—Glenstall co, Tipperary. Mr. Carroll. ‘ono .007 to .009 in. long, by .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .038— mm. long, .003 mm. broad. VIII. ARTHONIA, Ach. Thallus thin or hypophleodal and evanescent. Apothecia (ardelle) roundish or difformed, plane or tumid, innately sessile, immarginate ; thalamium sub-gelatinous, without paraphyses ; asci pyriform thickened at the apices ; spores 4-8, colourless, rarely brown, obovate, septate, upper cell larger. Spermatia cylindrical, straight or curved. * Spores 1-septate. 1. A, lurida, Ach. pale-dirty-brown or lead-colour, indeterminate, effuse, smooth, obsolete ; ardelle reddish-black, sessile, appressed, irregularly roundish, slightly convex, dull, internally concolorous ; spores 8, colourless, broadly-obovate, 1-septate, small. On trees, fir, holly, oak, not common. 1837. Syn :-—Ach. L. U. 148. (1810.) Syn. 7. Nyl. Scand. 258. Leight. Br. Graph. 57. Mudd Man. 250. Fic :—E. Bot. one 2692. f. 2. Leight. Br. Graph. t. 8. f. 3: Exs :—Scher. 17. Mudd 236. Zw. 86. M. & N. 1825. Th. M. "ries 47, Hepp 161. Leight. 17. Groc. DistR1B :—France, preeane Germany, Russia, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—2...5...7, 8...10...19... EncGLanpD :—Black Down, say ur. Borrer. (1837.) New Forest ! Hants. Mr. Lyell. Orton Wood! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. holme Wood ! Cliffrigg ! Newton Wood! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Leigh Woods, Clifton. If. Larbalestier. Chedworth Woods, Gloucestershire. Mr Joshua. Pontesbury ! Bomere Pool! eae Shropshire. IRELAND :— Bla Sir T. Gane Ardtully co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Wa tes :—Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed. Trefriw ! Edderton ! Montgomery- shire. CuanneL Istanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .0015 to .00175 in. leng, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” ( Mudd.) «Spores .011—15 mm. long, .004—5 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinous- red. ct (Nyl.) Spores 009”. 015 mm. long, .004—.006 mm. broad. 2. A. vinosa, Leight. bright-pale-brown, thin, membranaceous, smooth, sub-determinate ; ardelle deep-vinous-red, minute, trre- gularly roundish, variable in size, single or confluent, sessile, con- vex, dull, internally concolorous ; spores 8, colourless, obovate, l-septate, double the size of those of A. lurida. On oak. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 415 Syn :—leight. in Ann. and Mag. N. Hist. Oct, 1856. Mudd Man. 250, Fic :—Leight. 1. c. t. 11. f. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Exs :—Leight. 224. Mudd 235. Groc. Distr1B :—France. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5, 6, 7...10.,.19. Eneianp:—Newton Wood ! Stogdale! Oggeray Gill! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1856.) Hickmore Fen Wood; Pod’s Wood, Messing. Essex. Mr. Varenne. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Nesscliffe Hill ! Shropshire. IRELAND :—Castlebernard! Mr. Carroll, Wa tes :—Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed, Trefriw ! Beddgelert ! Knighton! Radnorshire. ‘*Spores .003 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .014—.015 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. Var. pineti, Korb. glauco-rufescent, very slightly leprose, unequal ; ardelle reddash-black or black, minute, crowded, difformed, angular or sub-stellate, plane ; spores 4-6, colourless, at length fuscescent, obovate, 1-septate, as in vinosa. On trees, holly, in sub-alpine localities, rare Syn :—Korb. S. L. G. 292. (1855.) Nyl. Scand. 261. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t, 64. f. 558. Grevillea 1. t. 4. f. 5. Exs :—Hepp 558. Arn. 248. Zw. 309. Grog. Distr :—Germany, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—6, 7...19...22...24, 25, 26. Inexanp :—Glencar, Kerry ; Loughcooter, Galway; Luggela co. Wicklow; Eagle’s Nest, Killarney; co. Cork; MM. Carroll. Clonmel. Mr. Wright. Kyle- more! Doughruagh ! co. Galway, Mr. Larbalestier. Wass :—Gwydir Woods! Bettws-y-coed. Trefriw! Beddgelert! Builth! Capel Arthog ! Dolgelley ! “Spores .016—20 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinous-red.” (Wyl.) Spores .013—.0165 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. This Arthonia may be readily distinguished from its congeners by a section of the ardella turning vinous-red or purple in K. 3. A. atrofuscella, Nyl. ‘‘ Similar to A. pineti, Krb. but with smaller spores. Spores .012—16 mm. long, .005—6 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) Spores .015 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. K_ renders hy- menium dusky atro-fuscescent. On trees. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1875. p. 363. Bort. Prov :—26. TrevanD :—Doughruagh Mountain! Kylemore! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) 4. A. aspersella, Leight. pale-yellowish, maculari-effuse ; ardelle black or nigro-fuscius, very minute, scattered, punctiform, linear or angulari-confluent ; hymenium untinged by K ; spores 8, colour. less, obovate, 1-septate. On holly. 1872. Syn :—Leight. in Grevillea 1. 60. (1872.) Fic :—Grevillea 1. c. t. 4. f. 4. a. and b. Bor. Prov :—7. ; Wats :—Gwydir Woods, Bettws-y-coed ! (1872.) Trefriw! Capel Arthog Dolgelley ! is ihen assimilates in general aspect with A. vinosa var. pineti, but in that the ardelle are roundish and the hymenium is tinged red-purple with K ; whilst in aspersella the ardelle are remarkable for a peculiar sharp angularity, and the hymenium is untinged by K. Spores .014 mm. long, .0055 mm. broad 5. 276. (1810.) Syn. 89. V. ozyspora, Nyl. Pyr. 61. Mudd Man. 306. Exs :—Nyl. 149. Mudd 299, Fellm. 223. Scher. 107. 108. : Cae: Distrip :—Sweden, Austria, Hungary, France, Switzerland. E. Lap- and. Bor. Prov :—3...5...7...10...19...26. Encianp :—Hoggarts Wood! Ingleby; Baysdale ; and near Ayton ; Cleve- land. Mr. Mudd. Pods Wood, Messing, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Alberbury ! Shropshire. (1850). Scortann :—Castleton of Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killarney; Little Island, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Kylemore Castle ! Mr. Larbalestier, ‘WALES :—Dolgelley ! “Spores .005 to .006 in. long, by .0005 in. broad. t. 5. f. 127.” (Mudd.) “Spores .020—34 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .028 mm. long, .003 mm. broad. 98. V. platypyrenia, Nyl. effuse ; apothecia plane, at first hypo- phieodal, opake ; paraphyses soft, irregular or indistinct ; spores colourless or in age fuscescent, oblong, 3-5-septate. On trees, rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 358. Carroll in Seem. Journ, Bot, 4, 25. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19. ; IRELAND :—Ballyedmond co. Cork; Old Dromore, Kerry; Glenbower, Kil- leagh. Mr. Carroll. (1865. ) “Spcres .023—30 mm. long, .009—.011 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) ** Perithecium entire. 99. V. furvescens, Nyl. fuscescent or olivaceo-fuscescent, granu- lato-unequal, thin, opake, effuse, not continuous ; apothecia innate, moderate, the conical apex emersed ; perithecium entire, black ; para- pkyses slender, crowded; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-5-sep- tate. . On minute mosses on schistose earth in alpine localities, very rare. 1864, Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1864. p. 256, Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 293. Goa. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1864). ‘Spores .031—33 mm. ‘long. .006 mm, broad.” (IVyl.) 100. V. desistens, Nyl. evanescent ; apothecia minute ; perithe- cium entire, upper portion convex, fusiform, prominent ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 3-5-septate, straight ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On old trees, very rare. 1867. AG 482 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1867. p. 180. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 5. 260. Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19. Trenanp :—Turk Mountain, Killarney. Mfr. Carroll. (1867.) «Spores .011—16 mm. long, .003—4 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) E. Spores 5-septate. 101. V. perminuta, Deak. dark-olive-green, thin, continuous, uneven, rugose and warty, indeterminate ; apothecia brownish-black, scattered or confluent, minute, prominent, hemispherico-globose, internally pale ; perithecium dimidiate, incurved at the base ; inner tunic thin, black ; epithecium a minute pore ; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, 5-septate. On maritime rocks, rare. 1854. Closely allied to V. eee var. trachona, Tayl. Syn :—Deakin in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. 18, p. 32. Fic :—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. Lc. t. 2. f. 6. Geog. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1. EncLanD :—Torquay ! Devon. Dr. Deakin. (1854.) Penzance, Cornwall. Rev. T. Salwey. 102. V. horistica, Leight. rufous or rufo-ferruginous, thin, sub- tartareous, smoothish, with numerous dirty pale-whitish-yellow soredia, Limited by conspicuous elevated thickish nigro-fuscuus lines resulting from the confluence of the hypothalus of many adjacent thalli; apothecia nigro-fuscous or black, scattered, few, hemis- pherical, depressed, umbilicate, sessile ; perithecium nigro-fuscous, dimidiate ; paraphyses distinct ; spores 8, colourless, narrowly or attenuato-fusiform, 5-septate. On shaded shaly mountain rocks, not common. 1871. Fic :—Grevillea 1. t. 4. f. 1. Gero. DistRis :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7. WALES :—Wood opposite Tanybwich ‘Hotel, Capel Curig! Llyn Cwlyd! (1871.) Bettws-y-coed! Trefriw ! si " Spores .029 mm, long, .004 mm. broad, F. Spores 7-septate. * Perithectum dimidiate. 108. V. lucens, Tayl. olivaceo-fuscescent or cinereo-fuscescent, thin, tartareous, minutely rimulose or continuous, nigro-limitate ; apothecia black, prominent, shining, conico-hemispherical, solitary or clustered, internally pale ; perithecitum dimidiate, black, thick, inner tunic pale-brown ; epithecium depressed, umbilicate ; para- physes very slender, filiform, numerous; spores 8, colourless, broadly elongato-fusiform, 7-septate, at least 4 times the size of those of V. chlorotica. On siliceous slate and basalt, rare. 1886. oe 257. o oe ae an EA a ee ) Leight. Ang. Lich. 55. Mudd Man, 299. Geroc. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—7...19...26. TRELAND : :—Lough Finnehy ; Blackwater Bridge! co. Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Croghane ; Killarney. Mr. Carroll. Doughruagh ! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 483 Wass :—(Spores 3-5-7-septate.) Trefriw falls ! Conway falls! Spores .038—.045 mm. long, .0085—,010 mm. broad. 104. V. lactea, (Korb.) cream-coloured, thin, effuse ; apothecia black, minute, swb-innato-sessile, hemispherical ; perithecium dimi- diate, incurved at the base, black ; epithecium poriform ; paraphy- ses distinct ; spores 8, colourless, broadly lanceolato-fusiform, 5-7- septate ; gelatina hymenea brownish or yellow with iodine. ' On trees, very rare. Syn :—Sagedia lactea, Korb. Syst, Lich. 366. (1855.) Exs :—Zw. 44, Grog. Distris :—Germany, Hungary, Switzerland. Bort. Prov :—2. . ENGLAND :—Sussex! Herb. Hooker. Spores .0235—.0335 mm. long, .005—.007 mm. broad. 105. V. oltvacea, Borr. nigrescenti-olivaceo-virescent, sub-tartar- eous, continuous or rimose, indeterminate; apothecia dull-black, opake, rugose, envested by the thallus, hemispherico-globose, inter- nally pale; perithecium dimidiate, black; epithecium a minute pore; spores 8, colourless, singularly elongato-clavato-fusiform, 7-septate, large. : * On trees, sycamore, ash, rare. 1829. “on ia in E. Bot, Suppl. 2597. (1829.) Leight. Ang. Lich. 42, Mudd an. 301. : ‘ Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2597. fig. 1. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 18. f. 1, Exs :—Leight. 199. Mudd 290. --- Geog. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2, 3...5, 6...8...10, 11...19...24...26, 27. ENGLAND :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. (1829.) Gopsal! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Airyholme! Easby Wood! Skutterskelf! Ayton! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. New Forest. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Northumberland and Durham. Mr, Winch. Sibertswold and Penshurst, Kent. M1. Holmes. Shere, Surrey. Dr. Capron. Haughmond Hill! Alberbury ! Shropshire. : : Irevanp:—Kerry. Dr. Taylor. Bantry. Miss Hutchins. Killaloe, co. Clare ! Loughcooter, Galway ; Muckruss, Killarney ; Tullagreen and Ballyedmond, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Lord Sligo’s demesne, Westport! co. Mayo. Mr. Larbales- tier, WALES :—River Gwaine! Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. “Spores .006 to .008 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd. ). Spores .030—.040 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 106. JV. succina, Leight. thallus fuscescent, thin, effuse, scarcely, if at all, surrounding the base of the apothecia ; apothecia numer- ous, large, amber-colour, hemispherico-conical, papillate ; perithecium amber-colour throughout, dimidiate, spreading, at the base ; epithe- cium minute, poriform ; paraphyses very delicate and slender ; asci lineari-clavate ; spores 8; colourless, broadly fusiform, T-septate, large. On rocks, very rare. 1875. Syn :—Leight. in Grevillea 4. p. 78. Linn, Trans, 2nd:ser. 1. 145, Fie :—Linn. Trans. 1. c. t. 22. f. 8. 9.10. 11. 12. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Near the lake, Kylemore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, (1875.) The apothecia when wet become of a beautiful transparent amber-colour. Jodine has very slight, if any, reaction on the asci and spores. Its nearest ally would seem to be V, illinita, Nyl., but that species differs in having a whitish thallus, nigricant apothecia, the. perithecium colourless in lower part and fuscous in the upper part, and iodine turning the asci and spores of a dirty deep-brown,-and is also a corticolar lichen. Our lichen differs also in the size 484 THE LICHEN-FLORA and colour of the apothecia from V. chlorotica, (Ach.) which is associated on the same rock, and which has also smaller 3-septate fusiform spores. Spores :046 mm. long, .008 mm. broad. No spermogonia detected. 107. V. insiliens, Larbal. dirty-pale-whity-brown, tartareous, thickish, subareolato-difract, areole plane, subfurfuraceous, (K—C—) ; apothecia large, imbedded in rather large, hemisp thalline tubercles, which either entirely or partially cover the black papillate ostiolum ; epithecium a minute pore ; perithedium dimi- diate, nigro-fuscous ; inner tunic pale-brown ; paraphyses slender, distinct ; spores 8, colourless, broadly fusiform, obtuse at the apices, 5-7-septate ; gelatina hymenea I colourless. Damp recesses of caves, very rare. 1877. Sry :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 566. Bor. Prov :—26. “TRELAND :—Twelve Pins! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) “Spores .050—67 mm. long, .011—14 mm. broad. Gonidia chroolepoid.” (Nyl.) Spores .057 mm. long, .011 mm. broad. ** Perithecium entire. 108. V. leptospora, Nyl. fuscescent, very thin or obsolete ; perithecium entire, black; spores 8, colourless, fusiform, elongate, 7-septate. On holly, very rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1864. p. 487. Crombie En. 117. Grog. DisTRiB :—Portugal. Bor. Prov :—19. TrRELAND :—Dinis Island, Killarney. Mr, Carroll. (1864.) **Spores .0045—55 mm. long, .003—.004 mm. broad.” (Wy/.) : 109. VV. chlorococca, Leight. green, thickish, granulate, somewhat areolato-diffract ; apothecia black, innate, minute ; ostiolum black, convex or depressed; epithecium poriform; perithecium entire, black ; paraphyses none ; asci short, rotundate ; spores 8, colourless, broadly cylindrico-fusiform, obtuse at the apices, T-septate. On ash, rare. 1878, Bor. Prov :—3. ENGLAND :—Near Stokenchurch ! highest point of Chiltern Hills, Bucking- hamshire. Mr. Larbalestier. Spores .031—.034 mm. long, .009 mm. broad. G. Spores murali-locular. * Perithecitum dimidiate. § Spores fuscous. 110. 1. wmbrina, Whinb. fuscescent or fuscous-black, thin, opake, smoothish or granuloso-unequal, rimulose or sub-areolato- rimulose, diffuse ; apothecia innate in prominent mastoid thalline tubercles; perithecium dimidiate, black; inner tunic pale-brown ; paraphyses nove ; spores 2, dull-green or fuscous, lineari-oblong, rounded at each extremity, murali-locular, large. On rocks in rivers and sub-alpine lakes, not common. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 485 Syn :—Whlnb. Fl. Suec. 871. pr. p. (1824.) Nyl. Scand. 269. Endocarpon qe and jissum, Leight. Ang. 19. & 20. Verrucaria jissa, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2. Fig :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 6. f. 1. 2. 3. Exs :—Leight. 98. Zw. 105. 27. bis. Hepp 103. Anzi Langob. 234. Grog. Distris ;—Germany, Italy, Hungary, Europe, Pyrenees, Scandi- navia, Himalaya, N. America, Bot. Prov :—7...11...15...19...30. ENGLAND :—High Force, Teesdale! Durham. Rev. J. Harriman. Scor.anp :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. Ben-y-gloe ; Craig Tulloch, Rev. J. M. Crombie. TRELAND :—Near eee co. Down. Dr .Maingay. Carig! Kerry. Dr. Taylor, Sunday’s Well Weirs, Cork. Mr. Carroll. ne :—Rocky bed of river Dee at Llangollen! Denbighshire. Trefriw ‘Spores .045—55 mm. long, .018—22 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .033—.048 mm. long, .014—-.018 mm, broad. — Lill. V. clopima, Whinb. olivaceo-fuscescent, tartareous, thickish, verrucoso-areolate, areolcee tumid, diffuse ; apothecia immersed in the thalline verruce ; perithecium dimidiate, black; epithecium um- bilicato-depressed ; paraphyses none; spores 2, fuscous, lineari- oblong, murali-locular, large. - On rocks in rivers, not common. 1875. Syn :—Whinb. Suppl. 19. (1803.) Nyl. Scand. 269. Fic :—Hepp Sporen t. 12. f. 101. wa :-Zw. 318. 27. Hepp 101. Anzi It. S. 397, Rabh. 938, Fries 415. fide yl. Grog. Distris :—Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden. Bor. Prov :—26. s IRELAND :—Dawros river! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. (1875. “Spores .032—48 mm. long, .012—23 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .041—.053 mm, long, .018—.021 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I reddish-blue. 112. V. subumbrina, Nyl. pale-dusky-brown, thin, subfurfura- “ceous, effuse ; apothecia scattered, surrounded at the base by the encircling thallus ; ostiolum black, convex ; epithecium a conspicuous pore; perithecium dimidiate, black, inner tunic pale-brownish ; paraphyses none, filamenta ostiolaria slender ; spores 6, fuscous, broadly-oblong, muratilocular, very large; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. fps On stones in mountain torrents, very rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. Scand. 269, Grog. DistriB :—Norway. Bor. Prov :—15 ..22...26. ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers. Adm, Jones. (1864.) Gorchlochan, shores of Perth or Inverness. Mr. Larbalestier. Tretanp :—Near Kylemore co. Galway! Mr. Larbalestier. Tonlagee, co, Wicklow. Mr, Archer. “Spores .046—55 mm. long, .023—24 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .052 mm. long, .029 mm. broad. This approaches V. hymenea, Wallr. (Anzi Catal. p, 111, Anzi Langob. 243!) in general characters, size and colour of the spores, but differs in the number of the spores. 113. V. scotinospora, Nyl. whitish, scarcely any, or evanescent ; apothecta large, prominent, sessile, convexo-conical, black ; epithe- cium large, conspicuous, umbilicato-depressed ; perithecium dimidiate, very thick, nearly entire, inner tunic black ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, murali-locular, cells irregular, moderate ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On alpine micaceo-schistose rocks, very rare. 1860. - 486 THE LICHEN-FLORA Syw :—Nyl. Scand. 270. (1861.) Mudd Man, 282.. Grog. Distr :—Europe. 2 . Bor. Prov :—7...15...26. ae ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers ! Head of Loch-na-Cat. Adm. Jones. (1860.) Summit of Craig-na-Calliach, Dr. Maingay. IRELAND .:—Kylemore Castle! co, Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. ; WateEs :—Snowdon. Mr. Holmes, Cwm Cywion, ! Glyder fach ! Crib Coch ! oe .030—34 mm, long, .013—16 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ‘Spores .026—40 mm. long, .013—21 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘Spores .007 to .008 in. long, by .004 to 0045 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .035 mm. long, .020 mm. broad 114. -V: tsidioides, Borr. yellowish-brown, crustaceous, rimoso- areolate, areole verrucose, convex, protuberant, crowded and dif- formed, smooth, opake ; apothecia dark-brown, immersed in. the depressed apex of the thallodal verruce ; ostiolum plano-convex, denuded, dark-brown; epithecium a simple pore; perithecium dimidiate, dark-brown, inner tunic pale-brown; paraphyses con- glutinate ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, tapering towards each obtuse apex, 7-septate when young, ultimately fuscous and murali-locular, large ; gelatina hymenea untinged with iodine. On subalpine rocks, very rare. 1830. Syn :—Borr. ! in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2622. (1830.) Leight. Ang. Lich. 20, Mudd Max. 270. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2622. f. 1. Leight. Ang. Lich, t. 6, f. 4. Geroc. DistR1B :—Kurope. Bor. Prov :—19. IrnEtanp :—Glengariff ! near Bantry. Miss Hutchins. (1880.) “* Spores .007 to .009 in. long, by .003 to .004 in broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .046 mm. Jong, .016 mm. broad. 115. V. subpyrenophora, Leight. tawny-cinereous, crustaceous, thin, rimulose, minutely granulato-areolate, (K—-C—) ; apothecia large and conspicuous, black, conical or conico-hemispherical, the. base only enveloped by the thallus, papillate or with a small pore ; _perithecium dimidiate, black ; paraphyses very slender, distinct’; spores 8, at first colourless, ultimately fuscous, elliptico-oblong, murali-locular, large. On subalpine rocks, rare. 1871. Groc. Distr :—Europe. Bot. Prov :—7. - : . 34 ScortanpD :—Ben Lawers. Dr. Holl. InELAND :—Kylemore Castle! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier, WaLes :—Snowdon ! Jfr. Holmes. Cwm Cywion, ! Glyder fach. (1871.) Somewhat externally like V. verrucoso-areolata, but distinct in having para- ‘physes and in the spores being two-thirds less in size. Spores .066 mm. long, Cs mm. broad, ‘Spores .048—57 mm. long, .028—39 mm. broad,” (7. M 116. 7. peltophora, Strn. syuamulose, squamule green, thin, smooth, approximate or ‘scattered, recurved at the margins ; apothecia black, large, prominent ; perithecium dimidiate ; spores 8, - fuscous, ellipsoid, muraliform, rather large; paraphyses few, slender, interspersed with oily globules ; filamenta ostiolaria numer- ous ; gelatina hymenea I vinous-red. : On the earth. 1874. Syw :—Stirton in Grevillea 3. p. 37. (1874. Bor. Prov :—15. : Scortanp :—Ben Lawers.-Dr..Stirton,. (1874.) . . . . ‘Spores .045—.038 mm. long, -02—,03 mm. broad.” (Stirt.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 487 .. §§ Spores colourless, 117. V. intercedens, Nyl. cinerascent or cinereo-fuscescent, tar- tareous, thin, contiguous or rimulose ; apothecia large, convexo- conical, prominent, basally immersed, black ; epithecium large, conspicuous, umbilicato-depressed ;° perithecium dimidiate ; para- physes none; spores 8, colourless, elliptical, murali-locular, cells irregular, moderate; gelatina hymenea ‘vinous-red with iodine: On alpine schistose rocks, rare. 1864. -- - a Os :—Nyl. Pyren. 33. (1858.) Scand. 276. Carroll in Seem, Journ, Bot, 3. Fia.:—Hepp Sporen t. 51. f. 445. central spore. Exs :—‘ Hepp 445.” Arn. 146. id rae ies ge ee Grog. DistriB :—Sweden, Switzerland, Pyrenees, Germany, © Bor. Prov :-—2...15. EnGLanD :—Downs, Sussex. Mr. Larbalestier. ScotLanD :—Ben Lawers. Messrs. Jones & Carroll. (1864.) ‘Spores .024—42 mm. long, .015—21 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) ‘Spores .018 -23 mm, long, .011—13 mm. broad.” (WNyl.) Spores .034 mm, long, *,016—.017 mm. broad. ° ‘ 118. V. fusco-argillacea, (Anzi.) fusco-cinerascent or albido- ‘cinerascent, thin, effuse, minutely rimulose or verrucoso-subareolate, anequal,: at- length -fariuaceous; apothecia black, moderate, numerous and crowded, sessile, innate at the base, hemispherical ; perithecium dimidiate, thickish, black, inner tunic very thin, black ; epithecium poriform, depressed or umbilicate ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, colourless, rotunduto ellipsoid, murali-locular, rather small ; gelatina hymenea reddish with iodine. On calcareous rocks, rare. 1870. Syn :—Polyblastia, Anzi Symbola 26. (1864.) Exs :—Anzi Langob. 368. Groce. DistR1B :—Italy, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—5...15...26. : Enetanp :—Hyde, Gloucestershire. Mr. W. Joshua. - Soornanpd :—Craig. Tulloch, ! and at base of Ben-y-gloe, Blair Athole. Rev, . M. Crombie. (1870.) ; ? fRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain ! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. “ Spores .018—28 mm. long, .011—16 mm. broad.” (Z. M. Fr.) Spores .026 —.029 mm. long, .015—.018 mm. broad. 119. V. Carrollii, (Mudd.) greyish-white or cream-colour, thin, determinate, membranaceo-cartilaginous, smooth, contiguous, or slightly rimulose ; apothecia minute, innate in elevated thalline protuberances, solitary, hemispherico-subdepressed ; ostiolum some- ‘what rugulose, rounded or slightly depressed ; epithecium obsolete ; perithecium dimidiate, brownish-black, inner tunic pale ; paraphyses distinct, capillary, flecose ; spores. 6-8, pale-yellow, elliptico-ob- long or obovate, irregularly murali-locular, very variable in size. On young ash trees, and sandstone, very rare, 1861.. Syw :—Spheeromphale, Mudd Man.. 283 (1861.) : ¥ie :—Mudd Man. t. 5, £. 115. Grog. Distrip :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19.,.24...28. Cre. IRELAND :—Rostellav, Cork Harbour ; and Castleconnel, Limerick ; Ballagh- beama Gap, Kerry; Dinis, Killarney, fr. Carroll. (1861.) Armagh Demesne, Adm Jones. : Uae ” cone : : a. “Spores 0035 to .007 in. long, by .0015 to .003 in broad.” (Mudd, \> 488 THE LICHEN-FLORA 120. V. subytridicans, Nyl. albido-virescent, thin, ruguloso-con- tinuous ; apothecia black, imbedded in large hemispherical thalline tubercles ; ostiolum black, small, depressed ; epithecium a minute depressed pore ; perithecium black, thin, papillate, dimidiate ; paraphyses none ; spores 2 or 4, colourless, oblong, large, murali- locular. On stones in torrents, very rare. 1877. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1877. p. 566. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Near Kylemore! Mr. Larbalestier. (1877.) “Like V. inumbrata, Nyl. of which it may be a subspecies. Thallus gonimiose. Spores .046—70 mm. long, .024—30 mm. broad,” (Wyl.) Spores 066 mm, long, .027 mm. broad, ** Perithecium entire. § Spores fuscous. 121. V. tristicula, Nyl. fuscous, slightly granulose, effuse ; apothecia black ; perithecium ellipsoid, entire, black, firm, rugulose, subconically prominent ; epithecium punctiformi-impressed ; para- physes none ; spores 1, fuscous, oblong, murali-locular ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On mosses, very rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 356, Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4. 24, Groc. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—19. ScoTLaND :—Aviemore in Strathspey. Adm. Jones. (1864.) “Spores .070—.0120 mm. long, .023—36 mm, broad.” (Wyl.) ‘Spores ,060—132 mm. long, .021—51 mm. broad.” (TZ. M. Fr.) 122. V. terebrata, (Mudd.) dirty-white or smoky-brown, tar- tareous, thin, contiguous or evanescent ; apothecia deeply immersed in the rock, small, plane or sub-convex ; perithectum entire, black, inner tunic dark-brown ; paraphyses none ; spores 4-8, fuscescent or fuscous, oblong or ovate, murali-locular. On calcareous mountain rocks, rare. Syn :—Spheromphale, Mudd Man, 281. [(1861.) Verr, umbrina var. calcarea, Nyl. Pyren. 21. in part. GeEoc. DistRiB :—France. Bor. Prov :—10...15...26...30. Ene anD :—Penhill, Yorkshire. Mr. Baker. ScoTLanD :—Near Castleton ; Morrone, Braemar. Adm. Jones. TreLanp :—Glenarm, Antrim. Adm. Jones. Ballynakill Bridge! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. “Spores .008 to .012 in. long, by .004 to .005 broad.” (MMudd.) 123. V. rupifraga, (Mass.) darkly-cinereo-albescent, tartareo- farinose, pulverulent, effuse ; apothecia black, entirely immersed in the rock, .spherical ; perithecium entire, black ; ostiolum plane or plano-convex ; epithecium a minute pore ; paraphyses none ; spores 4 (—6—8 Mass.) fuscous, ovoid or ellipsoid, murali-locular, large ; gelatina hymenea vinous with iodine. On calcareous rocks, rare. 1869. Syy :—Mass. Symm. p. 100. (1855.) Crombie En. 102, Exs :—Arn, 199, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 489 Groa. Drstrrp :—Italy, Bavaria. Bor. Prov :—15. ScortanD :—Craig Guie, Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1869.) Spores .050 mm. long, .021 mm. broad. 124. V. nigrata, Nyl. fuscous-black, thin, areolato-unequal, sub- granulose, effuse ; apothecia black, immersed, small ; ostiolum black, somewhat prominent, plano-convex ; epithecium impressed ; pert- thectum entire ; paraphyses distinct, short, dissolving; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid, irregularly murali-locular, small; gelatina hymenea dull-blue-green, then vinous-red-yellow with iodine. On: mossy earth in alpine places, very rare. (1860.) Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 184. (1857.) Spheromphale, Mudd Man. 283, Grog. Distris :—Pyrenees, Bor. Prov :—15. SootLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1860.) ‘Spores .008 to .011 in. long, by .0035 to .005 in. broad. (Mudd.) ‘Spores 029—.049 mm. long, .020—.027 mm. broad.” (yl.)- Spores .083 mm. long, ,016 mm. broad. 125. V. Henscheliana, (Korb.) cinereo-fuscous or nigro-fuscous, effuse, thin, tartareous, unequal ; apothecia black, large, swb-globoso- tuberculiform, somewhat conical, sessile ; epithectum papillate with a simple conspicuous pore ; perithectum entire, nigro-fuscous ; para- physes slender, diffluent ; filamenta ostiolaria distinct; spores 8, large, oblongo-ellipsoid, irregularly murali-locular, at first colour- less or fuscescént, ultimately fuscous; gelatina hymenea pale- vinous with iodine. On micaceo-schistose alpine rocks, not unfrequent. 1869. a :—-Spheromphale, Korb, S. L. G. 336, (1855.) Sporodictyon, Korb. Parerg. Gxoc. Disrrrs :—Germany, Scandinavia. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Ben Voirloch ! Dr. Stirton. (1869.) Craig Tulloch ! Blair Athole, Rev. J. M. Crombie. ‘Spores .046—56 mm. long, .023—33 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) Spores -061 mm. long, .029 mm. broad. 126. V. theleodes, Smrft. creamy-white, thick, tartareous, ruguloso-areolate, with large, scattered, rugose, prominent verruce ; apothecia very large, inclosed in the thalline verrucce ; ostiolum black, more or less denuded, depresso-convex ; epithecium perforate, simple ; perithectwm entire, black, very thick ; paraphyses none ; filamenta ostiolaria very large and distinct ; spores 8, dark-brown, broadly-ellipsoid, murali-locular, very large; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On micaceo-schistose alpine rocks, rare. 1860. Syn :—Smrft, Lapp. 140. (1826,) Scher. Enum, 215, Carroll in Seem, Journ. Bot, 3. 292. Groc. Distrip :—Norway. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Summit of Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1860.) Craig Guie. Rev. J. M. Crombie. “Spores .060—84 mm. long, .024—45 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) forma verrucoso-areolata, (Schzr.) similar to the type, but with a dimidiate perithecium and spores so dark in an old state as to make the muriform divisions almost invisible. 490 THE LICHEN-FLORA On micaceo-schistose alpine rocks, rare. 1860. Syn :—Lecanora atra var. verrucoso-areolata, Scher. Enum. 37. (1850) Verrucaria, Nyl. Pyren. 34, Scand. 270. Sphecromphale, Mudd Man. 282, Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 292. Fic :—Mudd Man. t. 5. f. 119. Exs :—Scher. 538. Anzi Langob. 236. Grog. Distr :—Switzerland, Hungary. Bort. Prov :—7...15...26. Scortanp :—Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones. (1860.) IRELAND :—Doughruagh Mountain ! co. Galway. Mr, Larbalestier. * Wates :—Cwm Clyd! ; «Spores .015 to ‘017 j in. long, by .008 to .009 in. broad. t. 5, f. 119.” (Mudd.) ‘“*Spores .064—82 mm. long, -038—45 mm. broad.” (Wyi.) Spores .080 mm. long, .041 mm. broad. A forma inundata, Nyl. in Cromb. L. Brit. p. 110, with an obsolete crust, occurs on sandstone rocks, rare, at Ballaghbeama. Gap, Kerry. Mr. Carroll. and in a stream at Cromaglown, Killarney. Adm. Jones. 127. V. gothica, (T. M. Fr.) evanescent ; apothecia black, moderate, scattered, hemispherico-conoid, sessile, prominent ; pert- thecium entire, black ; paraphyses indistinct; spores 8, fuscous; elliptico-oblong, 5-septate, murali-locular; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On larch poles, rare. 1861. Syn :—Polyblastia, T. M. Fr. Bot. ree 1865. p. 112. Spitz. p. 48. Polybl. Scand. 26. Verrucaria pituphloia, Leight. L. Fl. ed. 2, p. 458. Grog. Distrib :—Europe. Bor, Prov :—5. ENGLanp aoe Shropshire. (1861.) “Spores .018—28 mm. long, .007—9 mm. broad.” (7. M. am) Spores .025—,026 mm. long, .008—.010 mm. broad. . 128.. V. pyrenuloides, (Mnt.) var. Hibernica, Nyl. similar. to V. nitida, but with aggregate apothecia and multilocular fuscous spores 4-8, cells in 12 or more plurilocular series ; gelatina hymenea and asci slightly vinous-red with iodine. On hazel, very rare. 1867. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1868. p. 163. Crombie En. 118. Geroc. DistR1B :— Europe. Bort. Prov :—19. - Tretanpd :—Turk Mountain and Eagle’s Nest, Haley Mr. Carroll, (1867. ) ee a .070—.110 mm. long, .025—.038 mm. broad. ” (Nyl.) 129. V. Sendtneri, (Kphbr.) albido-cinereous, cartilaginous, incrusting, contiguous, sguamuloso-effigurate, smooth and unequal ; apothecia black, minute, globose, immersed, then emergent ; epithecium umbilicate ; perithectum black, entire; spores 8, pallido-fuscescent, ovoid, murali-locular ; paraphyses none ; gela- tiua hymenea vinous- red with iodine. On mossy earth in alpine regions, rare. 1865. Syn :—Polyblastia, Kphbr. in Flora 1855. p. 67. Verru Nyl. P Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 292. ney NST. Ese Be Fie :—Hepp Sporen t. 51. f. 447. Exs :—Hepp 447. Arn. 130. Anzi Langob. 220. Geoc. DistR1B :—Switzerland, Bavaria, Italy, Scandinavia, Bor. Prov :—15. Scotianp :— Summit of Ben Lawers. Messrs. Jones & ae see ) ‘Spores .015—30.mm. long, .009—14 mm. broad.” (7. M. Fr.) “Spores oe a long, .012—13 mm. broad.” (yl) Spores '028 mm. long, 013 mm. pro. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 491 130, V. pallida, (Ach.) pallido-rufescent or fuscescent, sguamu- lose, squames imbricate, flexuose, lobate, sub-crenate ; apothecia minute, immersed ; ostiolum protruded, prominent, brownish-black ; epithecium a simple pore ; peritheciwm entire, dark-brown ; spores 2, pale-yellow, lineari-oblong, 1-septate, naurali-locular, large. On earth-covered rocks, very rare, 1813. Syn :—Endocarpon, Ach. L. U. 301. (1810.) Syn. 100, Leight. Ang. Lich. 19. Verrucaria, Nyl. Prodr. 178. Pyren. 20. Scand. 268, Mudd Man. 269, Fie :—E. Bot. t. 2541. Leight Ang, Lich, t. 5. f. 3; : Groa. Distr :— Europe, Sweden, Algeria, N. America. Bor. Prov :—19. : Tretanp :—Southern portion ! Sir 7. Gage. (1818.) ‘Spores .008 to .009 in. long, by .0025 to .003 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘ Sporés -034—50 mm. long, .014—19 mm, broad.” (Myl.) Spores .054 mm. long, .016 mm. broad. "hy : 131. V. Garovagli, Mut. fuscescent, crustaceo-concrescent, squamulose, squamules small, closely adnate, slightly elevated, lobed ‘and crenate at the circumference; apothecta minute, immersed ; ostiolum prominent, naked, black; epithecium a simple pore ; perithecium entire, black ; paraphyses none; filamenta ostiolaria minute, slender, crowded ; spores 2, green or pale-yellowish-brown, lineari-oblong, 1-septate, murali-locular, large. On earth-covered maritime rocks, very rare. 1809. Syn :—Mnt. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser, 3. vol. 11. p. 59, (1849.) Nyl. Pyren, 20, V. sorediata, Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. 2612. Leight. Ang. Lich. 18. - Fie :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2612. f. 2. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 5. f. 2. Exs :—Nyl. 90. Hepp 100, Zw. 210. Arn, 99. Th. M. Fr, 22. _ Grog. Distris :—France, Switzerland, Germany, Bavaria, Sweden, Hun- eon, Prov :—2...4. Eneann :—Thetford. Mr. Turner. (1809.) Rottingdean Cliffs! Sussex. Mr. on .008 to .011 in. long, by .00275 to .0085 in. broad. t. 5. f, 111.” (Mudd.) Spores .049—.050 mm, long, .018—.019 mm. broad. 132. V. diminuta, Arn. cinereo-albescent, thin, tartareous ; apothecia black, entirely unmersed, very minute ; ostiolum slightly prominent; epithecium minutely poriform; perithectum entire, globose; paraphyses none; spores 8, colourless, then fuscous, ellipsoid, or broadly oblong, murali-locular. Ow moist rocks, rare. 1876. 7 Syn :—Arn. in Flora 1861. p. 264, Kplhbr. Lich, Bay. 294, Exs :—Arn. 200. & 200. b. : Geog. DistRIB :—-Germany. Bor. Prov :—26. TRELAND :—Recess Road! Connemara. Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) “ Spores .022—26 mm. long, .012 mm. broad.” (Kplhbr.) Spores .0245—.030 mm. long, .018—.015 mm. broad. : : §$ Sores colourless. 133. V. hymenogonia, Nyl. whitish or pale-grey, very thin, leproso-tartareous or evanescent ; apothecia moderate, prominent, semi-immersed, convex ; perithecium entire, black ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, colourless, lineari-oblong, murali-locular, often 1-septate ; - gonidia hymenea oblong, green ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with . iodine, 5 492 THE LICHEN-FLORA On mortar and calcareous rocks, not common, 1830. Syn :—Nyl. Prodr. 184. (1857.) Pyren. 32. Mudd Man. 282. Verr. muralis, Leight. Ang. Lich. 46. Fic :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2647. £. 2. Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 20. f. 1. Geroc. Distris :—France, Belgium, Italy. Bor. Prov :—1, 2, 3...5...7..15...19. : EncGLanp :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. (1830.) Exeter. Mr. Parfitt. Messing, Kelvedon; Mistley, Essex. Mr. Varenne. Wenlock ! Shropshire. ScorLanD :—Morrone. Adm. Jones. Craig Guie, Braemar. Rev. J. Mf. Crombie. TRewanp :—Glanmuir ! near Riverstown, Cork. Mr. Carroll. Wates :—Bridge below Llyn Bodlyn! Merionethshire. Rev. J. Salwey. Aberdovey! Rev. A. Bloxam. “Spores .005 to .007 in. long, by .002 to .0035 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .018—34 mm. long, .011—17 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .03—.033 mm. long, .011 mm. broad. 134. V. inumbrata, Nyl. fuscescent or darkly-cinereo-fuscescent or dark-tawny, thin, effuse, unequal, often dispersed ; apothecia moderate, covered with the thallus ; ostiolum naked; epithecium most minute, generally impressed; perithecium entire, black ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, murali-divided ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. On alpine micaceo-schistose rocks, very rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1864. p. 255. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 292. Groce. DistRIB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScoTLanD :—Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. (1864.) ** Spores .033—50 mm. long, .017—25 mm. broad.” (yl.) 135. V. subinumbrata, Nyl. cinerascent, very thin or sub- evanescent ; apothecia in fuscescent, thalline verrucule ; similar to V. inumbrata, Nyl. in Flora 1864. p. 355, but differs (perhaps only as a subspecies) in the smaller spores .022—30 mm. long, -015—18 mm. broad. On micaceo-schistose rocks, rare. 1877. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora, 1878. p. 246. Bor. Prov :—26. IRELAND :—Kylemore. M1, Larbalestier. (1877.) 136. V. modesta, Nyl. whitish, thin, continuous or rimose, unequal, with small protuberances, in which are included the apothecia ; perithecium colourless, fuscescent upwards , ostiolum a fuscous point ; spores 8, colourless, ellipsoid, murali-divided. On trees, poplar, birch, &., rare, 1876. Syn :—Nyl. Coll. Gall. mer. Pyr, 16. (1853); P; . 63. Exs :—Nyl. Par. 97. ney ee een ones Grog. DistRip :—France. Bor. Prov :—5. EneLanp :—Barnsley Park! Gloucestershire. Mr. Joshua. (1876.) “Spores .019—38 mm, long, .011—18 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) H. Parasitic species. * Perithecium dimidiate. § Spores colourless. 137. V. allogena, Nyl. apothecia black, at. length prominent i perithecium black, dimidiate, the immersed or lower portion nearly OF GREAT BRITAIN. 493 colourless or slightly fuscescent; paraphyses distinct ; spores 8, colourless, oblong, 1-septate, in form and size like those of V. epidermidis. Parasitic on thallus of Lecidea excentrica, on micaceo-schistose alpine rocks, very rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 357. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. vol. 4. p. 25. Grog. DistrrB :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15...26. ScornanpD :—Near summit of Ben Lawers. Mr. Carroll. (1864.) IRELAND :—Near Kylemore Castle ! co. Galway. Mv. Larbalestier. Spores .0023—27 mm. long, .008—9 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) ; 138. V. endococeoidea, Nyl. apothecia black, minute, endococcoid ; ummersed portion of the perithecium thin and fuscous, upper visible portion somewhat convex ; paraphyses none; spores 8, colourless, oblongo-ellipsoid, 3-septate, pale-blue with iodine ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. Parasitic on thallys of Lecidea eacentrica, (Ach.) in alpine loca- lities, very rare. 1865. Syw :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 356. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4. 25. Groce. Distr :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Near summit of Ben Lawers. Mf. Carroll. (1865.) ** Spores .016—18 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Myl.) §§ Spores fuscous. 139. V. microstictica, (Leight.) apothecia black, very minutes immersed or semi-immersed; ostiolum black, plano-convex ; epithecium a minute pore; perithecuum dimidiate, brown ; para- physes distinct, flocculose, branched, entangled ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate, minute. Parasitic on thallus of Lecanora cervina, rare. 1856. Possibly only a fungillus. Syn :—Zndocarpon, Leight. Exs, 317. (1858.) Exs :—Leight. Exs. 317. * Gxroc. DistriB :—Europe. Bort. Prov :—7. Waxes :—Borthwen ! Barmouth. (1856.) 140. V. hetatrizans, Leight. apothecia black, minute; immersed ; perithecium black, dimidiate ; ostiolum minute, denuded, black ; epithecium minute, impressed ; paraphyses indistinct ; spores 8, Fuscous, linear, rounded at each extremity, 3-septate, constricted. Parasitic on thallus of Verrucaria submersa, Borr. E. Bot. Suppl. 2768, rare. 1851. Syn :—TV. margacea, Leight. Ang. Lich. p. 62. excl. syn. (1851.) Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 26. fig. 3. E. Goce, Disrrip :—Hurope. Bort. Prov :—2. ENGLAND :—Sussex ! My. Borrer. In my Ang. Lich. I must have taken this for the mature state of the spores of V. submersa, which are as represented in E. Bot. Suppl. 1.c. Recent re- examination shews me that there are two lichens consociated on the same thallus. Possibly the present one may be only a fungillus. Spores ,019—.025 mm. long, .006—.008 mm. broad. 141. V. fumosaria, Leight. apothecta black, minute, hemi- 494 ‘THE LICHEN-FLORA spherico-depressed, semi-immersed ; epithecium poriform ; peritheciwm dimidiate, much incurved at the base ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, JSuscous, oblong, 1-septate. Parasitic on the thallus of Lecidea fusceatra jf. fumosa, Ach., rare. 1876. Syn :—Leight. in Linn. Trans. 2d. ser. 1. 239. Fie :—Linn. Trans, 1. c. t, 32, f. 19. Bot. Prov :—6. : Waters :—Pen Cow! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. (Sept. 1876.) Spores .0155—.016 mm. long, .007 mm. broad. ** Perithecium entire. § Spores colourless. 142. V. superposita, Nyl. apothecia black, turgid ; perithecium entire, black ; epithecium impressed ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, 1-septate ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. Parasitic on Verrucaria theleodes, Smrft. very rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 357. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4. 25. Grog. Distr :—Europe. Bor Prov :—15. . : ; Scortayp :—Near the summit of Ben Lawers. Mr. Carroll. (1865.) ‘Not unlike V. Borreri, in miniature. Spores .017—19 mm. long, .007—8 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 143. V. innata, Nyl. apothecia innate, minute ; perithecium entire, black ; paraphyses few, irregular or scarcely any ; spores 8, colourless, ovoid, 1-septate ; gelatina hymenea untinged or lute- scent with iodine. ; Parasitic on thallus of Lecidea Hookerit, Scher. in alpine locali- ties, very rare. 1865. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 358. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4. 26. Grog. DistRIB :—Europe. * Bot. Prov :—15. ScorLanp :—Summit of Ben Lawers. Adm. Jones. “Spores .018—23 mm. long, .008—.011 mm. broad.” (Nyl.) 144. V. epipolytropa, (Mudd.) apothecia black, very minute, numerous, irregularly scattered, immersed or semi-immersed, glo- bose, internally pale; ostiolum denuded, plano-convex, slightly shining ; epithecium minutely poriform ; perithecium entire, of a bluish-green hue ; paraphyses distinct, slender, branched ; spores 4, 6 or 8, colourless, oblongo-subclavate, 1-septate, constricted, minute, very similar in form to those of V. epidermidis ; gelatina hymenea rubescent with iodine. Parasitic on Lecanora polytropa and intricata and Squamaria saxicola, rare. 1861. Syn :—Thelidium, Mudd Man. 298, (1861.) Exs :—Mudd 287. Bor. Prov :—7...10...15. Ewe.anp :—Cliffrigg ! Ayton Moor, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. (1861.) Scottanp :—Highlands. Adm. Jones. Craig Tulloch. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Wa tes :—Cwm Glas! Snowdon. Moel-y-Golfa! in “Spores .003 to .0035 in. long, by .00075 to -001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 495 §§ Spores fuscous. 145. V. haplotella, (Nyl.) apothecia minute, convex, prominent, ageregate, black ; perithecium entire ; spores numerous, pallido- nigrescent, ellipsoid or oblong, simple. Parasitic on Opegrapha varia f. diaphora, very rare. Syw :—Endococcus, Nyl. in Flora 1867. p. 180. Crombie En. 122. Grog. Distrip :—Denmark, Madeira. Bor. Prov :—19. TrELAND :—Muckruss Demesne, Killarney. Mr. Carroll. “Spores .004—7 mm. long, .0029—.0030 mm. broad. Paraphyses indistinct. Gelatina hymenea and thece I vinous-red.” (Wyl.) 146. V. ventosicola, (Mudd.) apothecia minute, semi-immersed in minute thallodal verruce, globose, black ; perithecium entire ; spores 30-50, fuscous, elliptical or oblong, 1-septate. . Parasitic on Lecanora ventosa, very rare, 1861. Syn :—Microthelia, Mudd Man. 307. (1861.) Exs :—Mudd 300. on Leight. 9. Grog. Distris :— Europe. Bor. Prov.—1...7...10. , ENGLAND :—Kildale Moor, Cleveland. M7. Mudd. Dartmoor. Mr. W. Joshua. ‘Wates :—Penmaenmawr ! Carnarvonshire. : “Spores .0015 in. long, by .0005 to .00075 in. broad.” (Mudd.) Spores .008—.009 mm, long, .005 mm. broad. 147. V. calcaricola, (Mudd.) apothecra of medium size, sessile or slightly immersed, globose, black ; perithecium entire ; spores 8, fuscescent, elliptico-oblong, 1-septate, large. Parasitic on Lecanora cinerea, calcarea and gibbosa, rare. Syn :— Microthelia, Mudd Man. 306. (1861.) Fie :—Mudd Man. t. 5. f. 128. Grog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...5...15.,..23. ENGLAND :—Near Lewes, Sussex. Mr. Unwin. Spout Valley, Long Mynd! Shropshire. ~ Scortanp :—Near Ben Lawers and Morrone. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Killiney. Adm. Jones. “Spores .003 to .004 in. long, by .001 in. broad. t. 5. £. 128.” (Mudd. ) po -019--.020 mm.‘long, .006 mm. broad. Paraphyses gelatinose, I vinous- rown, 148. V. gemmifera, Tayl. apothecia minute, semt-immersed, sub-hemispherico-globose, black; perithecium entire; epithecium depressed ; spores 8, fuscous, broadly oblong, l-septate, minute. Parasitic on Lecidea contigua, frequent. 1836. Syn :—Verrucaria, Tayl. Fl. Hib. 2. 95. (1836.) Leight. Ang Lich. 47. Endococcus. Nyl. Pyr. 64. Microthelia, Mudd Man. 307. Fic :—Leight. Ang, Lich. t. 29. f. 3. Uxs :—Leight. 187. Grog. Distris :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—1...5, 6, 7...10...15...19. : Encianp :—Craigforda! near Oswestry, Shropshire; Penzance, Cornwall. Rev. T. Salwey. Guisbro’ Moor, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Haughmond Hill! Shropshire. ScorLanp :—Grampians. Rev. J. M. Crombie. Portree. Rev. Prof. Ch. Bab- ington. Ge oions :—Dunkerron! Dr. Taylor. (1836.) Wats :—Barmouth ! Rev, T. Salwey. Glyder Vach ! Snowdonia. Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris. Trefriw ! Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. “Spores .002 in. long, by .001 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘‘Spores .008—.011 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Myl.) Spores .010—.012 mm. long, .006—.007 mm. broad. 496 THE LICHEN-FLORA 149. V. perpusilla, (Nyl.) apothecia very minute, immersed, globoso-depressed, black; epithecium large ; perithecium entire ; spores 8, fuscous, oblong, 1-septate. Parasitic on Lecanora cinerea, rare. 1869. Syn :—Endococcus, Nyl. Prodr. 193. (1861.) Crombie En, 123, Geroc, Distr :—France. Bort. Prov :—5...7...15...26. Encianp :—Bisley, Gloucestershire. Mv. Joshua. Scornayp :—Ben Cruachan. Rev. J. M. Crombie. : TRELAND :—Summit of Kylemore Mountain, co. Galway ! Mr. Larbalestier. Wates :—Llyn-y-Cae ! Cader Idris. (1869.) Craig Aderyn! | F “Spores .014—19 mm. long, .006—7 mm, broad. Spermatia oblongo-cylin- drical.” (Nyl.) 150. V. erratica, (Mass.) apothecia minute, semi-tmmersed or sub-emersed, globose, black ; perithecium entire; spores numerous, fuscous, broadly-elliptical, half the size of those of V. gemmifera. © Parasitic on Lecanora calcarea, Lecidea lapicida, Lecanora poly- tropa, Lecidea geographica, &c., not unfrequent. 1851. Syw :—Tichothecium, Mass.! Neag. p. 9. (1854.) Endococcus, Ny]. Scand. 283. Verrucaria gemmifera var. Leight. Ang. Lich. 47. Microthelia pygmxa, Kbr. Mudd Man. 307. Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 20. f. 4. Exs :—Arn. 247, Anzi tones: 289. Anzi Venet. 161. Geroc. Distr1B :—France, Italy, Pyrenees, Germany, Bavaria, Asia Minor. Bor. Prov :—5, 6, 7...10, 11...15...18, 19...26...28. EncLanp :—Durham! Rev. J. Harriman. (1851.) near Battersby, Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Cowcombe Wood, Gloucestershire. Mfr. Joshua. Long Mynd! near Church Stretton ; Caer Caradoc! Shropshire. Scornanp :—Loch Coriskin! Skye. Rev. Prof. Churchill Babington. Head of Loch-na-Cat ; Braemar. Adm. Jones. Grampians, Breadalbane, and Braemar. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Sheep walk, Armagh; Killiney; Dublin; Cusquniny; Cork Harbour. Adm. Jones. Mangerton. Mr. Carroll. Twelve Pins! Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. A Wates :—Crib Coch! Snowdon; Corwen! very summit of Snowdon! Barmouth! Cader Idris north side! Trefriw falls! Llanbedrog! Fort Hill! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. Great Orme’s Head ! ; “Spores .001 in. long, by .005 in. broad.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .007—.010 mm. long, .004—6 mm. broad.” (Wyl.) Spores .007—.008 mm. long, .004—.005 mm. broad. 151. V. rimosicola, Leight. thallus none; apothecia black, minute, sessile, hemispherical, somewhat shining; perithecium entire, black ; epithecium a very minute pore; paraphyses none ; filamenta ostiolaria none; spores 8, fuscous, oblong or lineari-ob- long, 3-septate, constricted, minute ; gelatina hymenea vinous-red with iodine. Parasitic on Lecidea excentrica, frequent. 1856. Syw :—Leight. Exs. 253. (1856.) Mudd Man. 308. V. advenula, Nyl. in Flora 1865. p. 606. Fie :—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. 13. . 3. . 10. Exs :—Leight. 253. Mudd 301. Anzi Langob. 370. Arn. 379. Hepp 947. Grog. DisTRIB :—German , Italy. Bor. Prov B10. 15, 16.19.35, Zi. GLAND :—Carlton ! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Penhill, Yorkshire. Mr, Baker. Wrekin Hill! Shropshire. (1856.) Bs ca ScornanpD :—Ben Lawers! Adm. Jones. Appin. Rev. J. M. Crombie. InELanD :—Killarney. Adm, Jones. Loughcooter, Galway. Mr. Carroll. “Spores .0035 to .004 in. long, by .00125 to .0015 in. broad. t. 5. f, 129.” (Mudd.) ‘Spores .015—20 mm. long, .006—8 mm. broad.” (JWyl.) OF GREAT BRITAIN. 497 152. V. nigritella, -Nyl. black, magmoid (probably not the proper thallus but only alge); apothecia black, small ; perithecium entire, black, somewhat prominent; epithecium scarcely impressed ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, fuscous, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid, variously or murali-locular, small, (like those of Urceolaria scruposa.) On the thalline squame of Verrucaria tephroides, very rare. 1864. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1865, p. 357. Carroll in Seem. Journ. Bot. 4, 25. Fie :—Leight. Ang. Lich. t. 11. f. 3. B. Gzoa. Distris :—Kurope. Bor. Prov :—16. ScortanD :—Summit of Ben Lawers. Mr. Carroll. (1864.) ‘Spores .021—36 mm. long, .009—.014 mm. broad. Gelatina hymenea I vinous-red or fulvescent.” (IVyl.) 153. V. triphractoides, (Nyl.) apothecia black, minute, hemi- spherical; peritheciumentire ; spores 8, colourless or pale-brownish, oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate. Parasitical on dealbated portions of thallus of Lecidea Scotinodes, Nyl. 1874. Syn :—Crombie in Grevillea 3. p. 24. (1874.) Bort. Prov :— ScoTLanD :—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. Rev. J. M. Crombie. (1874.) - “Spores .014—18 mm. long, .006—7 mm. broad.” (Cromb.) 154. V. neottizans, Leight. apothecia black, minute, clustered, hemispherico-conical ; perithecium carbonaceous, entzre; paraphyses distinct, slender ; spores 4, fuscous, lineari-oblong, 3-septate, con- stricted. Parasitic on Beomyces rufus, D.C. very rare. 1876. Syn :—Leight. in Linn. Trans. 2d. ser. 1,£239. ¥ie :—Linn. Trans. 1. c, t. 32. f. 19. Bort. Prov :—6. Wats :—Llanachar Bridge! near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. (1876.) Gelatina hymenea I—. Spores .0245—.025 mm. long, .0085 —.009 mm. broad. 155. V. corniculata, (Wallr.) apothecia very minute, immersed, tuberculate, endocarpoid, scattered ; paraphyses none ; spores 8, colourless, shortly fusiform, corniculate at each apex, obsoletely 7-septate. Parasitic on thallus of Leptogiwm microscopicum. Syn :—Obryzum, Wallr. Fl. Cr. Germ. 2. p. 296. Nyl. Flora 1875. p. 106. Fig :—Nyl. Syn. t. 2. f. 9. ‘Exs :—Maass. 138. Groa, Distris :—France. Bor. Prov :—5. : ENGLAND :—Weston-super-Mare. Mr. Joshua. 156. V. dolichotera, \Nyl.) Similar to V. corniculata, but with spores longer, 3-5-septate, cylindrico-oblong. Parasitic on lobes of Collema auriculatum, var. pinguescens, Nyl. 1870. Syw :—Nylander in Flora 1872. p. 853. Bot, Prov :—15. Scottanp ;—Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole. (1870.) Rev. J. M. Crombie, AH 498 THE LICHEN-FLORA V. STRIGULA, Fries. Thallus hypophleodal. Apothecia solitary, sub-innate ; perl thecium sub-globose, collapsing, at length dehiscent by an irre- gular fissure or pore; nucleus gelatinous when moist, black and rigid when dry ; paraphyses indistinct. Spores colourless, 3-sep- tate. 1. 8&8. Babingtonii, Berk. greyish, thin, filmy ; apothecia dark- brown or nearly black, minute, scattered, depressed ; spores 8, colourless, sub-cymbiform, 3-septate. Parasitic on coriaceous perennial leaves, as laurel, box, arbutus, rare, Syn :—Berk. E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2957. (1849.) Leight. Ang. ] ich. 70, Mudd Man. 809. Fig :—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2957. Exs :---Ceight. 35, Geog. DistR1B :—Europe. Bor. Prov :—2...4, 5...7, 8...10, 11. EneLanD :—Cambridge! Rev. Prof. Ch. Babington. Gopsal! Leicestershire. Rev. A. Bloxam. Hurstpierpoint ! Mr. Mitten. Ormsby ! Cleveland; Rokeby, Durham. Mr, Mudd. Cirencester. Mr. Joshua. Wates :—Downing ! Flintshire. Rev. Prof. Ch. Babington. © Spores .0035 to .004 in. long, by .001 in. broad. t. 5. f. 180.” (Mfudd.) Spores .018—.023 mm. long, .005—.007 mm. broad. VI. MELANOTHECA, Fée. Thallus scarcely any. Apothecia verrucaroid, not simple but numerous, 3-10 or more confluent, hymenia scarcely distinct ; perithecium black. Spores 8, variously internally divided. 1. BIL. gelatinosa, (Chev.) pallescent, macular, determinate ; apothecia round or oblong, opake, depressed, unequal, internally white ; perithecia numerous, minute ; spores 8, colourless, oblongo- ovoid, 3-septate, small ; paraphyses none ; hypothecium colourless. On young trees, frequent. Syn :—Arthonia, Chev. Journ. Phys. 1822. p. 54. Nyl, Pyren. 70, Exs :—Leight. 223. 358, Mudd 232. Rabb. 780. Grog. Distr1B :—Switzerland, France. Bot. Prov :—1, 2...5...7...10...15...(19—26—80)...31. EncLanpD :—Sussex! Mr. Borrer. Baysdale! Cleveland. Mr. Mudd. Tor- quay! Dr. Deakin. Stableford ! Raglith! Downton Castle woods ! Shropshire. ScoTLanD :—Glen Cluny, Braemar; Glen Lochay, Breadalbane. By side of the Garry. Rev. J. M. Crombie. IRELAND :—Not frequent. My. Carroll. Lough Derryclare! Kylemore! co. Galway. Mr. Larbalestier. WaLEs :—Woods at Glyn! and opposite Tanybwlch Hotel, Capel Curig! Dolgelley ! CHANNEL IsLanps :—Rozel, Jersey. Mr. Larbalestier. ‘Spores .023—27 mm. long, .007—.010 mm. broad.” (My/l.) 2. MM. diffusa, Leight. pallido-glaucescent or pallido-cinerascent, diffuso-macular, indeterminate ; apothecia large, irregularly round, or lineari-oblong, numerous, diffuse and sub-confluent, opake, de- pressed, unequal, internally colourless ; perithecia numerous, pro- minent and large ; spores 8, fuscous, lineari-oblong, 1-septate, con- stricted in the middle, large. On young trees, rare, 1865. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 499 Groc. DIstrrs :...Europe, Bor. Prov:—7. Wares :—Nant-Gwynant! Snowdon. (1865.) wood opposite Tanybwlch Hotel, Capel Curig ! Spores .022—.026 mm. long, .005 mm, broad. 83. I. ischnobela, Nyl. glaucescent, whitish; apothecia black, some- what convex, rotundate or suboblong ; perithecium black, dimidiate ; hymenea 2-4 in each apothecium, contiguous, oblique, and confluent at the apex; ostiolum scarcely any; spores 8, colourless, exces- sively slender and acicular, oleoso-spuriously multiseptate ; gelatina hymenea I—. On holly, rare. 1876. Syn :—Nyl. in Flora 1876. p. 238, Verrucaria myriospora, Linn, Trans. 2, » 1, 145. Fie :—Linn. Trans, 1. c. t. 22. f. 1. 2. 3. excl, f. 4, 5. which are erroneous, Bor. Prov :—26. ’ IreLanD :—Doughruagh Mountain! Mr. Larbalestier. (1876.) Dolgelley ! ‘“Gonidia subcbroolepoideo-concatenate. Thece cylindrical, elongate, Paraphyses very slender, crowded. Spores .060—.115 mm. long, .001 mm, broad,” (Wyl.) VII. ASTROTHELIUM, Zschw. Perithecia several, stellato-congregate, their ostiola converging into one common central poriform epithecium. 1. A. parmularia, (Berk.) pale-yellow, thin, membranous, continuous, smoothish and shining ; apothecia enclosed in upraised prominent thallodal verrucze ; perithecium entire, black; para- physes indistinct ; spores 8, fuscous, broadly lineari-oblong, 1- septate, large. On young oaks, very rare. 1851. Sry :—Spheria parmularia, Berk. in Hook. Journ. 1851. p, 19. Gzog. DistriB :—South of France. Bort. Prov :—2. Enetanp :—New Forest, Hants. Rev. M. J. Berkeley, (1851.) Spores .037 mm, long, .015—.016 mm. broad. “Quanquam multas observaverim plantas et sedulo quidem, tamen non confido me semper veritatem invenisse.” Linn. 500 THE LICHEN-FLORA AUTHORS CITED. Ach, Prod. Acharius, Lichenographize Suecicz Prodromus, 1798. Ach. Meth. Acharius, Méthodus Lichenum, 1803. Ach, L.U, Acharius, Lichenographia Universalis, 1810. Ach. Syn. 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Massalongo, Richerche sull’autonomia dei Lichenum, 1852, Mass. Gen. Massalongo, Geneacena Lichenum, 1854, Mass. Symm. Massolongo, Symmicta Lichenum, 1855, Mass. Sert. Massalongo, Sertum, 1856. Mudd Man. Mudd, Manual of British Lichens, 1861. Mont. Lich. Canar.Montagne, Lichenes Canarienses, 1840, Mont. Syill. Montagne, Sylloge, 1856. Mont. & Dur. Monee and Durieu, Exploration scientifique de l’Algerie, Mont. Arch. Montagne, in Archives de Botanique, 1833. Nov. Act. Upsal. Nova Acta Academiz Upsaliz, 1782. Nyl. Coll. Nylander, Collectanea Gallie Meridionalis et Pyreneis, 1853. Nyl. Luxemb. Nylander, Luxembourg Lichens in Bulletin Soc. Scient. rance, 1866. Nal. in Ofvers. Nylander, in Ofvers, V. Ak. Forh. 1860. Nyl. En. Nylander, Enumeration generale des Lichens, 1858. i Nyl. Lich. Zigypt.Nylander, Lichenes inAigypto a cel. Ehrenberg collecti, 1864, Nyl. Nov. Gran. Nylander, Prodromus Flore Nove Granatensis, 1863—1864, Nyl. Alger. Nylander, Etudes sur les Lichens de l’ Algerie, 1857. Nyl. Delp. Nylander, circa lichenes alpium Delphinatus obs, 1863, Nyl. Bot. Not. Nylander, in Botaniska Notiser, 1852-1854. Nyl. Obs. Holm. Nylander, Observationes ad Synopsin Lichenum Holmien- sium, 1852. Nyl. Animad. yee Animadversiones Scand. in Botaniska Notiser, Nyl. Addit. Chil.Nylander, Additamentum in Floram Cryptogamicam Chilen- sem, ; Nyl, Armor. Nylander, Lichenes in Armorica, in Bulletin Societe Botanique de France, 1861, ; 502 THE LICHEN-FLORA Wy. in Sallsk. Nylander in Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fordhandlingar, 1859, “ Nyl. Prody. Nylander, Prodromus Lichenographie Gallice et Algeriz, 1857. Nyl. Syn. ac Synopsis methodica lichenum omnium, tom. 1. 58. Nyl. Scand. Nylander, Lichenes Scandinavie, 1861. Nyl. Lapp. Or. Nylander, Lichenes Lapponie orientalis, 1866. Nyl. in Flora, Nylander, in Flora, various years. Nyl. Calie. Nylander, Monographia Caliciorum, 1857. Nyl. in Mus. Fenn.Nylander, Herbarium Musei Fennici, 1859. . Nyl, Classif. Tyfendeny eset d’une nouvelle Classification des Lichens, 18! 854—1855. Nyl, Addit. N. Gran.Nylander, Additamenta ad Floram Nove Granatensis, 864. 1 Nyl. Chil. Nylander, Chilensis Flor, Cryptog. 1855. Nyl. Pyren. Nylander, Expositio synoptica Pyrenocarpeorum, 1858. Nyl. Arth. Nylander ,Synopsis du genre Arthonia, 1856. Neck. Delic. Necker, Delicize Gallobelgice, 1768. Pers. Obs. Myc. Persoon, Observationes Mycologice, 1799. Pers, Ust. Ann. Persoon, in Usteri Annales, 1794—95, Pers. Syn. Persoon, Synopsis Fungorum, 1801. Pers. Icon. Persoon, Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum, 1799. Pers, Fung.Suppl.Persoon, Tentamen Dispositionis Fungorum Supplementum, 1797 Poll. Pal. El. Pollich, Historia Plantarum in Palatinatu Electorali, 1777. Rebent. Fi. Rebent, Flora Neomarchia, 1804. Ram. Act. Ramond, in Acta Societe Linneene de Paris, 1827. Ran. Fl. Fr. Ramond, in Decandolle Flore Francaise. Scher. Spic. Scherer, Lichenum Helveticorum Spicilegium, 1823 -1846. Scher, En. Scherer, Enumeratio critica, 1850, Scher. in Nat. Scherer, in Nat. Anz, 1810-1821. 5 Sw. Swartz, in Linnei filii Methodo Muscorum, 1805. Swartz, in Nova Acta Upsalie, 1776. Swartz, Flora Indie orientalis, 1806. Scop. Carniol. Scopoli, Flora Carniolica, 1760-1772. Sm. in Tr. L. 8. Smith in Transactions Linnean Society, 1791. Schrank Bay. Schrank, Bayer Flora, 1789. Schreb. Spic. Schreber, Spicilegium Flore Lipsiensis, 1771. Schleich. Cent. Schleicher, Centuriw, 1805—7. Stizb. Ste‘n. Opey.Stizenberger, Conspectus specierum saxicolarum generis Opegraphe, 1865. Stizb. Flecht, Stizenberger, Beitrag zur Flechten Systematik, 1862. Smrf. Lapp. Sommerfeldt, Supplementum Florz Lapponiz, 1826. Schrad. Spic. Schrader, Spicilegium Flore Germanice, 1794. Schrad. Crypt. Schrader, Cryptogame Exsiccatez, 1797. Schrad. Schrader, in Journal Botanique, 1801. Sturm D. Fl, Sturm Deutsche Flora, 1833. Salw, Penz. Ber in Transactions Penzance Natural History Society, Salw. Ed. Salwey, in Transactions Edinburgh Botanical Society, 1846 et seq. Tuck. Syn. Tuckermann, Synopsis Lichens North America, 1845. Tuck, Suppl. ek Supplement to North American Lichens, 1858 Tul. Mem. Lich. Tulasne memoire pour servir a l’histoire des lichens, 1852. Tayl. Fl. Hib. ‘Taylor, in Mackay Flora Hihernica, 1836. T. & B. Lich. Br.Turner and Borrer, Lichenographia Britannic., 1839. Thunb. Fl. Cap. Thunberg, Flora Capensis, 1794. Vaill. Paris. Vaillant, Botanicum Parisiense, 1727. Vahl Vahl, in Flora Danica, 1769—1808, Ust. N. Ann. Usteri, Nove Annales, 1794, With. Arr, Withering, Arangement, 1796. Weis. Cr. Weis, Plante Cryptogamice Flore Gottingensis, 1772. Whinbg. Wahlenberg, in Vet. Ak Holm, 1806. Wahlenberg, Flora Suecica, 1826. Wabhlenberg, Flora Lapponica, 1812. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 503 Wallr. Crypt. Wallroth, Compendium Flore Germanice, 1831. Weig. Obs. Weigel, Observationes Botanice, 1772. Westr. Faery. Westring, Sevenska Lafvarnes Farghistoria, 1805. Web. Spic. Weber, Spicilegium Flore Gottingensis, 1778. Wulf. Wulfen, in Jacquin’s Collectanea, 1786—1796. Weddell Weddell, in Bulletin Suciete Botanique de France, 1869. LICHENES EXSICCATI QUOTED. Anzi It. §. Anzi, Lichenes Italie Superioris. Anzi Venet. Anzi, Lichenes rariores Veneti. Anzi Langob. Anzi, Lichenes rariores Langobardi. Anz Etr. Anzi, Lichenes rariores Etrurie. Anzi Clad. Cisalp. Anzi, Cladonie Cisalpine. Arn. Arnold, Lichenes Exsiccati Jure et al. Bohl. Bohler, Lichenes Britannici Exsiccati. Bourg. Bourgeau, Plante Canarienses, Breutel. Breutel, Flora Germanica Exsiccata. Coem. Clad. Bely.Coeman, Cladoniz Belgice. Desmaz. Desmazieres, Cryptogames de France. Dicks. Dickson, Exsiccati. Fellm. Fellman, Lichenes Lapponie orientalis, Fries Fries (E.) Lichenes exsiccati Sueciz. Th. M, Fr. Th. M. Fries, Lichenes Scandinavie. Hepp Hepp, Die Flechten Europas. Hampe Hampe, Lichenes Exsiccati. Korb. Koerber, Lichenes Exsiccati, Larbal. Larbalestier, Lichenes Ceesarienses et Sargienses. Leight. Leighton, Lichenes Britannici Exsiccati. Lindig. Lindig, Lichenes Nove Granade. Lojka. Transylvanian Lichens. M.d& N. Mougeot et Nestler, Stirpes Cryptozamz Vogeso-Rhenane. Mudd Mudd, Lichenes Britannici Exsiccati. Mudd Clad. Brit,Mudd, Cladonie Britannice Exsiccate. Maudon, Maudon, Madere. Mass. Massalongo, Lichenes Italici. Nyl. Nylander, Herbarium Lichenum Parisiensium. Rabh. Rabenborst, Lichenes Europei. Reich. & Schub. el et Schubert, Lichenes Exsiccati, 150 nds. 1823— Scher. Scherer, Lichenes Helvetici Exsiccati. Somft. Sommerfelt, Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Norvegicarum centurie II. 1826-1830. Spruce Amaz. Spruce Lichenes Amazonici et Andini. Stenh, Stenhammar, Lichenes exsiccati Suecie. Tuck. Tuckerman, Lichenes Americe Septentrionalis. Wright Wright, Lichenes Cube. Welw. Lus. Welwitszch, Lichenes Lusitanici. Zw. Zwackh, Lichenes Germanici Exsiccati. 504 THE LICHEN-FLORA GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN LICHENOLOGY. Abbreviated, suddenly shortened. Abraded, rougbly rubbed off. Acervuli, little heaps or clusters. Acicular, needle-shaped. Aciculari-bacilliform, needle-like and somewhat club-shaped. Aciculari-cylindrical, a needle-like cylinder-shape. R Aciculari-fusiform, of an acicular or very slender spindle-shape. Acuminate, coming gradually to a point. Adnate, adhering to anything. Adnato-appressed, adnate and closely pressed to a surface. Adnato-squamulose, with adnate scales. Adpresso-tomentellose, with appressed close down. Adscendenti-congested, crowded together and ascending. Gruginose, verdigris-green. Affixed, fixed to. Agglomerated, clustered. Aggregate, crowded together. Aggregato-acervulate, in crowded heaps. : Aggregato-confluent, flowing together in crowded portions. Aggregato-conglomerate, in crowded clusters. Aggregato-deformed, deformed by being crowded together. Albescent, growing white. Albicant, growing whitish. Albido-appresso-tomentellose, with whitish appressed down. Albido-bullate, whitely bullate. Albido-cinereous, whitish-ashy-grey. Albido-cinerascent, whitish becoming ashy. Albido-flavescent, whitish-yellow. Albido-glaucescent, whitish glaucous. Albido-granulose, with whitish-granules. Albido-pallescent, pale and whitish. Albido papillate, with whitish papille. Albido-pruinose, with white pruina, Albido-radiate, in whitish radiations. Albido-stramineous, whitish-straw-coloured. Albido-tomentellose, covered with whitish down. Albo-cesio-pruinose, with white bluish-grey pruins. Albo-canescent, with a white hoariness. Albo-carneous, pale-flesh-colour. Albo-cinereous, white-ashy-grey. Albo-depresso-granulate, covered with white flattened granules, Albo-fibrilloso-ciliate, ciliate with white fibrille. Albo-flavescent, pale-yellow. Albo-flocculose, with white woolly down. Albo-furfuraceous, with white scurf. Albo-fuscescent, white-brownish hue. Albo-granulato-pulverulent, with white granular powder. Albo-granvlato-pruinose, with pruina consisting of white granules. Albo-guttate, spotted with white. Albo-limitate, bounded by a white hypothallus. Alto-maculate, having white spots or duts. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 505 Albo-macular, consisting of a white spot or patch. Albo-ocellate, surrounded with a white thalline margin, giving an eye-like appearance. Albo-pruinose, with white pruina. Alboepulverulent, having white powder. Albo-sorediate, with white soredia, Albo-suffused, covered with white powder or pruina. Albo-tomentose, with white tomentum, Albo-verrucose, having white warts. Albo-virescent, whitish-green. Alectorioid, filiform or filamentose, like the thallus of the genus Alectoria. Anastomosing, uniting in a network. Angular, with many sharp-cut straight sides. Angulari-areolato-verrucose, consisting of augular warty areole. Angulari-nucleolate, with angular shaped nuclei, Anguloso-difformed, angular and deformed by crowding. Anguloso-rimose, broken into angular portions by chinks, Angustissimo-divided, divided into the very narrowest laciniz. Annulari-tomentose, having a ring of down, Apex, the end or point. Apically, at the apex, Apiculate, terminating abruptly in a little point. Apiculi, minute points. Apothecium, the entire female fructification of a lichen. ‘ Appendiculate, an apothecium subtended by the apex of a branch or lacinia extending beyond it. Applanate, flattened out or horizontally expanded, Applanato-dilated, broad and flattened out. Appressed, pressed closely to anything. Appresso-furfuraceous, having appressed scurf. Appresso-innate, closely pressed to, and partially innate or sunken. Appresso-spongioso-tomentose, having a close-pressed spongy tomentum. Appresso-tomentose, with appressed tomentum. Approximate, approaching, Arachnoid, cobwebbed. sc el aac having a loose tomentum or down hanging about like a cobweb. : Arcuate, curved like a bow. Arcuato-rugulose, wrinkled in an arcuate or curved manner. Ardelle, the peculiar apothecia in the genus Arthonia resembling burnt or cauterised spots. Areolato-imbricato-crustaceous, with overlapping areole almost crusty. Arcolato-impressed, impressed in the areole. Areolato-papillate, divided into papillate areole. Areolato-rimose, divided into areole by chinks, Areolato-squamulose, consisting of flattened scaly areole. Areolato-verrucose, consisting of wart-like areolx. Arthondid, of the form and consistence of the apothecia in the genus Arthonia. Articulate, jointed. Articulato-constricted, having contracted joints. Arthrosterigmata, jointed sterigmata. Ascending, bending upwards in an upward direction. Ascendenti-imbricate, ascending and overlapping. Asci, small hyaline bladders containing the spores. Ascyphous, without scyphi or cups. Atro-cinerascent, black or dark-ashy-grey. Atro-rhizinose, having black rhizine. Atro-rufous, dark and blackish-red. Attenuate, tapering upwards and becoming thin. Attenuato-fusiform, slenderly spindle-shaped. Attenuato-subulate, tapering upwards into an awlshape form, Aurantiaco-ochraceous, of an orange-ochrey colour. Axil, the fork of a branch, Bacillar, Bacilliform, \ club-shaped. Badious, dull-brown. Badio-castaneous, dull-dark-chestnut. Al 506 THE LICHEN-FLORA Badio-fuscescent, dull-dark-brownish colour. Badio-fuscous, dull-dark-brown. Badio-pallescent, dull pale-brown. Badio-rufescent, dull-reddish-brown. Badio rufous, dull-dark-red-brown. : Badio-umbrine, of a dull-dark-umber colour. | Biatorine, from Fries’s genus Biatora, in which the apothecium had a proper margin of a different colour from the epithecium or was convex without visible margin, and internally with a pale or colourless hypothecium., | Biatorino-lecideine, an. apothecium becoming convex and destitute of margin either proper or thalline. Bifurcate, twice forked. ° Pe Hae at Bilocular, having two cells cut as it were out of a solid spore in contradistinction to 1-septate. Binucleolate, with two nuclei. Branched, in contradistinction to simple or unbranched Brunneo-fuscous, dull-brown. Brunneo-infuscate, dull-darkish-brown. ? Bullate, with unequal convex projections on the under surface of a scrobiculate thallus, corresponding to the concave scrobiculations on the upper surface. Bullato-plicate, plaited into swollen masses. : Bullato-reticulato-tomentose, bullate in a reticulate manner, the reticulations being downy. Byssoid, of a finely filamentous structure like the genus Byssus. Cerulescent, of a blue colour, variable in intensity. Cerulescenti-fuscescent, bluish-browa. Ceruleo-cinerascent, blue-ashy.grey. Ceruleo-fuscescent, bluish-brown. Ceruleo-nigricant, of a bluish-black colour. Ceruleo-pruinose, with blue pruina. Ceeruleo-virescent, bluish-green. Cesious, bluish-grey. Cesio-cinerascent, blue-grey passing into ashy-grey. Cesio-nigricant, greyish-black. Cesio-pruinose, having bluish-grey pruina. 2 Cesio-pulverulento-sorediose, having greyish powdery soredia. Cesio-sorediate, with greyish soredia. Ceesio-suffused, covered with grey pruina. Cesious-white, greyish-white. Ceespitellose, of 2 minute clustered branched conglomerate form. Cespitose, in clustered branched agglomerations. Ceespitoso-congested, in crowded tufts. Cespitoso-fruticulose, in shrub-like tufts. Cespitoso-pulvinular, in dense tufted cushion-like masses. Calcivorous, eating into the lime rock. Canaliculate, longitudinally channelled or furrowed. Canaliculato-laciniate, channelled and laciniate. Canaliculato-patulous, channelled but still EDreeeine cbwenast Cancellato-insculpted, sculptured in a kind of reticulation. Canescent, hoary. Capillary, delicately filiform or like hairs. Capitate, formed into a head. a Capitulum, the portion of the apotheeium in the genus Calicium which is on the top of the stipes. - Capituliform, having a capitulum or head, Carbonaceous, black like charcoal, Carioso-cancellate, decayed in a network manner. Carneo-cinerascent, greyish-flesh-coloured. Carneo-fulvescent, tawny-flesh-coloured. Carneo-fuscescent, brownish-flesh-colour. Carneo-pallid, pale-flesh-coloured. Carneo-rufescent, pale-reddish-flesh-colour. Carneo-rufous, reddish-fiesh-coloured. Carneo-testaceous, yellowish-brown-flesh-coloured; Cartilaginous, hard or tough like a cartilage or sinew. Cartilagineo-corticate, having the cortical layer of a cartilaginous consistence, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 507, Cartilagineo-membranaceous, of a consistence intermediate between cartilagin- ous and membranous. Cartilagineo-squamose, the squame of a thallus being of a tough cartilaginous consistence. Castaneo-fuscescent, pale chestnut-brown. Castaneo-fuscous, of a dark-chestnut-brown. Castaneo-olivaceous, of a chestnut-brown-olive-colour. Castaneo-nigricant, chestuut-black. Castaneo-rufescent, chestnut-brown with a reddish tinge. Cellulose, consisting of cellules. Cephalodia, granular concretions of an orbicular form occurring on the thallus composed internally of granula gonima. Cephaloid, having a globose or hemispherical head. Cephalodine, forming a head. Ceraceo-gelatinose, waxy and gelatinous, Ceraceo-membranaceous, consisting of a waxy membrane. Cerasino-rufescent, cherry-red, Cervine, dark-tawny. Cervino-castanecous, dark-tawny-chestnut-brown. Cervino-fuscescent, tawny-brownish, Cervino-lutescent, tawny-yellowish. Cervino-rufescent, tawny-reddish. Chroolepoid, consisting of minute yellow scales. Ciliato-dentate, toothed with ciliz or hairs. Ciliato-dissected, cut into ciliz or hair-like lacinie. Cinerascent, approaching an ashy-grey colour. Cinerascenti-fuscescent, of an ashy-grey-brownish hue. Cinereous, ashy-grey. Cinereo-albescent, ashy-grey becoming whitish. Cinereo-carneous, of an ashy-grey-flesh-colour. Cinereo-ceerulescent, ashy-grey. verging towards blue. Cinereo-ferruginous, ashy-rust colour, Cinereo-flavescent, ashy-grey yellow. Cinereo-fuscescent, ashy-brown. Cinereo-glaucescent, glaucous-ashy-grey. Cinereo-glaucous, ashy-grey-glaucous hue, Cinereo-lurid, of a dull-ashy hue. Cinereo-nigrescent, ashy-blackish. Cinereo-nigricant, ashy-black. Cinereo-pallescent, pale-ashy. Cinereo-pruinose, with ashy-grey pruina, | Cinereo-rufescent, ashy-reddish. Cinereo-suffused, covered with ashy-grey powder or pruina, Cinereo-virescent, ashy-green. Cinnamoneo-cinerascent, cinnamon-greyish. Circumcised, applied to an apothecium which is separated from the thallus by a distinct rima or chink. Circumference, the exterior edge or margin of a thallus. Circumseribed, defined. Citrine, yellow-green. Citrino-flavescent, yellow like a lemon. _ | Citrino-pulverulent, having powder of a citrine colour. Citrino-sorediate, having citrine soredia. Citrino-suffused, covered with citrine powder. Citrino-virescent, yellow-green as in a lemon. Claveeform, club-shaped. Clavate, club-shaped. Clavato-capitate, with a head or apex of a club-shaped or wedge-shaped form, Clavato-cylindrical, elongated club-shaped. Clavato-pyriform, of club-shaped or elongate pear-shape. Coarctate, closely pressed. Colliculoso-verrucose, in hilly or elevated verruce. Colourless, without colour, pale and hyaline, in contradistinction to brown. Compact, closely united together. Complicate, folded or plaited together. Complicato-compownd, apothecia becoming compound by close confluence or by complications of the margin, 508 JHE LICHEN-FLORA Compressed, laterally flattened. Concatenate, united in a chain-like manner. Concave, with a more or less depressed or sunken rounded surface. Concentric, ring within ring having a common centre. Concentrically-gyrose, whirled or gyrose, ring within ring. Conceptacle, receptacle. Concolorous, similar in colour. i 7 Concrescenti-areolate, the areola growing together in a somewhat clustered form, Concrete, growing together. Confluent, merging into each other. _ pa Confluento-effuse, spread out in a conjoined or confused condition. Congested, heaped together. Conglobate, in rounded clusters. Conglomerate, clustered. Conglomerations, clusters. 5 : Conglomerato-deformed, becoming deformed by being clustered or crowded. Conglomerato-granulose, of clustered granules, Conglutinated, glued together. Connate, arranged together. oo Connato-deformed, deformed by growing in close contact. Connivent, arching over as if to meet. Conoid, conelike. Conoideo-subtruncate, like a truncate or flattened cone, Constricted, contracted. Contiguous, a continuous surface. Continuous, having an unbroken surface. Contorted, twisted together. Converging, tending towards one common centre or point. Convex, with a more or less elevated rounded surface. Convexo-conical, convex with a conical apex. Convexo-gibbous, convex and enlarged on one side. Convexo-unegual, of unequal convexity. Coralloid, coral-like, Coralloideo-granuloso-crustaceous, of a crustaceous consistence formed of coral- like granules. Coralloideo-squamulose, squame of a coralloid form, Coriaceous, of a leathery consistence. Coriaceo-membranaceous, like a leathery membrane, Corniculato-convolute, rolled together inwards like a little horn. Corneous, of horny consistence. Corneo-hyaline, transparent like horn. Cornute, shaped like a horn. Corrugate, roughened with wrinkles. Cortex, the cortical layer. Cortical layer, the epidermis of a thallus, Corticate, covered with a cortical layer. Crenate, having shallow rounded divisions on the margin. Crenato-dentate, with crenate teeth, Creneio arestane, having shallow rounded marginal divisions composed of granules, Crenato-incised, deeply cut in a crenate form, Crenato-lobulate, with minute crenate lobes, Crenato-rugose, crenate and wrinkled. Crenato-undulate, crenate and wavy. Crenulate, having very minute shallow rounded marginal divisions, Crenulato-denticulate, with minute crenulate teeth. Crenulato-granulate, having minute shallow rounded marginal divisions com- posed of granules. Crenulato-lobate, lobed in minute rounded marginal divisions, Cretaceous, chalky-white. Crispate, crisped. Crisped, irregularly curled and twisted. Cristato-ramose, crested and branched. Croceo-fulvous, tawny saffron-coloured. Crowded, clustered, or many together, Crustaecous, hard, thin, and brittle. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 509 Crustaceous, applied to a thallus which is closely appressed to the substance on which it grows in contradistinction to membranaceous. Crustaceo-cartilaginous, between crustaceous and cartilaginous, Crustaceo-concrescent, growing together into a crust. . Crustaceo-granulose, a crustaceous thallus composed of distinct granules. Crustaceo-umbricate, squamee of a crustaceous consistence overlapping each other. Crustose, forming a crust. Cucullato-revolute, rolled back into a cowl shape. Cupular, cup-shaped. Cupuliform, like a little cup. Cuspidate, abruptly pointed. Cyathiform, cup-shaped like a reversed cone. Cyathoid, like a cup-or a reversed cone. Cylindrical, having a true cylindrical figure like a pipe. Cylindrico-acicular, cylindrically needle-shaped. Cylindraceo-fusiform, a cylindrical form tapering to a point at both ends. Cylindraceo-oblong, narrow oblong. Cyphellate, minute sunken roundish cup-like spots on the under surface of the thallus of the Stictet. Cyphelle, minute urceolate excavations on the under surface of the thallus, Dactylino-papillate, consisting of papillz which are divided like fingers, Decorticate, deprived of the cortical layer, Decumbent, reclining on the earth and rising again from it at the apex. Decussate, alternately crossing each other. Dehiscent, ruptured or split open. Dehiscing, rupturing. Deliquescing, resi Dendritical, branched like a tree. Denigrate, blackened. Dentate, toothed. Dentato-radiate, with minute teeth spreading in a ray-like manner, Denticulate, with minute teeth. Denticulato-cristate, crested with minute teeth. Denticulato-dilated, expanded at the toothed margin, Denticulato-laciniate, laciniate or cut into minute teeth. Denticulato-ruptured, ruptured in tooth-like fashion. Denticulato-stellate, minute teeth spreading in a star-like manner, Deplanate, flattened or expanded. Depressed, pressed down or flattened. Depresso-adnate, depressed and closely adhering. Depresso-areolate, divided into flattened areole. Depresso-concave, depressed into a concave hollow. Depresso-convex, flattened convex. Depresso-granulate, covered with flattish granules. Depresso-hemispherical, hemispherical and depressed or flattened on the apex. Depresso-implexed, entangled in a depressed or flattened manner, Depresso-pulvinar, composed of depressed or flattened cushion-like masses. Depresso-verrucarioid, like depressed warts. Determinate, definite in contradistinction to effuse. Dichotomous, having the division always in pairs, Diffluent, dissolving. : Difformed, deformed. Difformi-lobate, lobed in an irregular or deformed manner, Diffract, broken into distinct areole separated by chinks, Diffracto-insculpt, a surface broken up and sculptured. Diffracto-unequal, unequally broken up. Diffuse, spreading in an indeterminate way. Diffuso-macular, consisting of a diffuse or expanded irregular spot or patch. Digitate, divided like the fingers of the human hand. . Digitato-dentate, with finger-like teeth, Digitato-lobate, in finger-like lobes. Digitaot-m sltifid, cut into numerous finger-shaped lacinia. Digitato-partite, divided into finger-like divisions. Dilated, expanded or spread out horizontally. Dilatato-compressed, dilated and compressed. Ditluto-nigrescent, pale-washy-bkackish, 510 THE LICHEN-FLORA -Dimidiate, applied to a perithecium which covers only the upper half of the apothecium as in some species of Verrucaria, . Dirinoid, like the apothecium in the genus Dirina ; see tuberculoso-lecanorine. Disciformi-dilated, dilated or expanded into a disk-like form, Discoid, disk-like. Discolorous, of a different colour, Discrete, separate and distinct, Dispersed, scattered. Disperso-areolate, consisting of scattered areole. Disperso-glebulose, in dispersed portions like crumbs, Disperso-granulate, with scattered granules, Disperso-verrucoso-areolate, consisting of scattered verrucose areole. Dissected, cut. Dissecto-fimbriate, cut into a fringed margin. Disticho-ramose, branched on opposite sides or margins. Distinct, easily discernible as applied to the paraphyses. Divaricate spreading in opposite directions. Teen Ta, cut into two parts and each of those parts spreading in opposite irections, Divaricato-fibrillose, fibres spreading divaricately. Divaricato-lobate, lobes spreading in a divaricate manner. Divaricato-multifid, cut into many divaricating lacinic. Divaricato-ramose, branched in a divaricate manner. Divaricato-spinulose, minutely spiny, the spines spreading in opposite directions. Divergent, spreading outwards from a common centre. Divergenti-furcate, forked, the parts being divergent. Ecrustaceous, destitute of thallus. Ecyphellate, without cyphelle. Effigurate, having a distinct form or figure. Effigurato-dendritic, in tree-like branchlets or forms. Effuse, spread out in an indeterminate way. Efoliolose, without leaflike scales or squame. Egranulose, without granules, Electrino-fuscescent, amber-coloured-brownish., Elevated, raised above a surface. Elevato-convex, convex and uplifted. Elevato-sessile, upraised and sessile. Ellipsoid, approaching the form of an ellipsis. Elongate, lengthened in a longitudinal direction. Elongato-acicular, lengthened needle-shaped. Elongato-cylindrical, like a lengthened cylinder. Elongato-fusiform, lengthened spindle-shape. Elongato-granulate, composed of elongate granules. Elongato-laciniate, with very long lacinie. Hlongato-lobate, having lengthened lobes. Elongato-pendulous, hanging downwards in a lengthened state. Elongato-ramose, with lengthened branches. Emergent, protruded through the cortical layer. Emersed, protruded upwards. Emerso-adnate, protraded upwards and closely pressed to. Endocarpoid, applied to apothecia which are sunk or innate in the substance of the thallus, similar to those in the genus Endocarpon. Endococcoid, internal contents becoming red with iodine ; or from the minute globular apothecia like those of the genus Endococcus, Nyl. Entire, as applied to an apothecium in which the perithecium or hypothecium wholly subtends the hymenium, or to the margin of an apothecium which is continuous and unbroken. Epiphleodal, existing superficially on the epidermis of bark, Episporium, the outer coat of the spores, Epithallus, cortical layer. Epithecium, the expanded coloured disk of the apothecium in most genera, or the terminal pore in the perithecium of the genera Verrucaria, Thelotrema, and Astrothelium. Epruinose, without pruina, Eroso-crenate, crenate as if gnawed. Eroso-laciniate, as it were gnawed into lacinia&, £roso-lacunose, with lacunz formed as it were by gnawing. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 511 Erumpent, bursting upwards from beneath the cortical layer. Erumpenti-innate, sunken in and bursting forth. Evanescent, deficient or disappearing. Even, smooth, Evernioid, of similar substance and form to the thallus in the genus*Hvernia. Excipulum, receptacle. Excluded, obliterated. Expanded, spread out. Explanate, spread out in the same plane. Farinaceous, chaffy. Farinose, mealy, ‘Fasciculate, collected into small bundles. Fasciculato-ramose, branched in bundles. Fastigiate, rising upwards together to the same plane or level. Ferruginous, rust-colour. Ferruginovs-red, rust-coloured-red. Fertile, bearing fructification. Fibrille, minute fibre-like branches. Fibrillose, consisting of small fibres. Fibrilloso-byssine, of a fibrous or filamentose nature. Fibrilloso-ciliate, ciliated with minute fibres. Fibrilloso-ramulose, with small slender fibrous-like branches. Fibrilloso-ramosule, with small fibrous branchlets. Filamenta ostiolaria, delicate colourless filaments which line the internal portion of the perithecium of Verrucaria immediately around the pore-like epithecium. Filamentose, consisting of thin thread-like filaments or divisions. Filiform, thread-like or filamentous. Filiformi-terete, very slender or thread-like and rounded in a longitudinal direction. Fimbriate, fringed. Firm, almost rigid. Fissure, a crack or ruptured opening, Fisswred, split. Fistulose, hollow like a pipe. Flabelliformi-lobate, lobed in a fan-shaped mode. Flaccid, flabby. Flavescent, growing yellow, Flavicant, yellow. Flavicanti-sulphureous, yellowish passing into sulphur-colour. Flavido-cinerascent, yellowish-ashy-grey. Flavido-fuscescent, yellowish-brown. Flavido-ochraceous, ochrey-yellow. Flavido-rufescent, yellowish-red. Flavo-albicant, yellowish-white. Flavo-cinerascent, yellow-ashy-green. Flavo-fuscescent, yellow growing brown. Flavo-pallescent, palish-yellow. Flavo-pulverulent, covered with yellow powder. Flavo-sorediate, with yellow soredia, Flavo-virescent, yellow-green. - Flavo-viridi-pruinose, covered with a yellowish-green pruina. Flavo-viridi-suffused, covered with a yellow-green powder. Flexuose, wavy. Flocculose, like wool. Flocculoso-pulverulent, covered with powdery wool-like tufts. Foliaceous, like an expanded leaf or membrane. Foliaceo-squamutlose, with leafy squamules. Foliicolous, growing on the leaves of a tree. Foliolose, consisting of minute leaf-like squame or scales. Foreign, applied to a lichen growing parasitically on another (or foreign) thallus not its own. Fornicate, arched. Foveolaute, having deep pits or depressions. Foveolato-immersed, in sunken pits or small depressions, Fragile, easily broken off. : : 512 THE LICHEN-FLORA Frondose, foliaceous or in leaf-like expansions, Frondoso-dilatate, dilated foliaceous. fase Biel bs a the apothecium and its contents, viz., asci containing spores and paraphyses. Fruticose, shrub-like. Fruticulose, minutely shrub-like. Fruticuloso-erect, growing erect like a little shrub. Fruticuloso-imbricate, shrub-like, the branches overlapping. Fruticuloso-ramose, branched like a little shrub. Fuciformi-branched, with flattened branches like a fucus or sea-weed. Fucoid, of the nature or similitude of a fucus or sea-weed. Fuliginous, sooty or brown verging on black, Fuliginoso-furfuraceous, having chaff of a dark-smoke-black hue, Fuligineo-fuscous, blackish-brown. Fulvescent, tawny. Fulvo-testaceous, tawny-yellow-brown. Furcate, forked. Furcato-divided, divided in a fork-like way. Furcellate, minutely forked. Furfuraceous, chaffy. Furfuraceo-concrescent, growing together in a scurfy manner. Furfuraceo-difract, broken up into scurf. Furfuraceo-granulose, like acurfy granules. Fuscescent, tending to become fuscous or brown. Fuscous, of a dark-brown colour. Fuscous-black, dark-brown-black. Fusco-cellulose, consisting of brown cellules. Fusco-cinerascent, brown-greyish. Fusco-cinereous, brown-ashy-grey. Fusco-glaucescent, glaucous dark-brown. Fusco-griseous, brownish-grey Fusco-livescent, brown becoming clouded or paler. Fusco-nigrescent, brown growing black. Fusco-nigricant, brownish-black. Fusco-obscurate, clouded with fuscous colour. Fusco-olivaceous, brown-olive. Fusco-pallescent, brown growing paler. Fusco-rufescent, dark-brownish-red. Fusco-rufous, dark-red-brown. Fusco-virescent, brownish-green. Fusiform, spindle-shaped. : Fusiformi-bacillar, fusiform at one end, club-shaped at the other. Fusiformi-cylindrical, a cylindrical form tapering to and more or less pointed at each end. Fusiformi-ellipsoid, broadly fusiform. Fusiformi-incrassate, thickened into a spindle-shape. Fusiformi-oblong, very broadly fusiform. Fusiformi-turgid, swollen into a spindle-shaped form. Gelatina hymenea, a gelatinous substance surrounding the asci and paraphyses, which becomes tinged blue or vinous-red or without reaction on the appli- cation of an aqueous solution of iodine. ‘ Gelatinoso-conglutinate, glued together by gelatine. Gibboso-convex, unequally tumid or convex. ’ Gonidia, simple spherical cells containing green granular matter, situate im- a miscieusly ander the cortical layer of the thallus. onidial stratum, the stratum consisting of gonidia or granula gonima, imme- diately underneath the cortical levee of on iheltus . ; ° Glabrous, smooth. Glaucescent, greyish-blue or glaucous-green. Glaucous-green, green like the sea or like a carnation leaf, Glauco-albescent, glaucous growing white. © Glauco-cerulescent, glaucous-blue. Glaaco-cinerascent, glaucous-ashy-grey, Glauco-flavescent, glaucous-yellow Glauco-fuscescent, glaucous-brown Glauco-olivaceous, of a glaucous-olive colour. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 513 Glauco-pallescent, pale-glaucous. Glauco-pruinose, having glaucous pruina, Glauco-rufescent, glaucous-reddish. Glauco-virescent, bluish-green. Glebule, crumb-like masses. Glebuloso-diffract, broken up into crumb-like portions. Glebuloso-squamose, having scales of. a crumb-like appearance. Globose, round or globular. ; Globoso-lenticular or lentiform, globular lens-shaped. Globoso-obovate, of a roundish obovate form. Globoso-ovoid, of a broad rounded egg-shape. Globoso-pulverulent, a globe covered with powder. Globoso-truncate, a globe depressed above. Globoso-turbinate, of a rounded top-shaped form. Globoso-verrucose, consisting of globose verruce or warts. Glomerato-deformed, deformed by being crowded in clusters. Glomerules, clusters. Glomeruli, clusters. Glomuliferous, bearing clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. Glomerulose, minutely clustered. A Glypholecine, impressed or canaliculate in an elongate wavy and labyrinthine mode like the genus Glyphis. Graniform, like granules, Granoso-crenate, having granular crénations. Granula gonima, clusters of 2, 3, or more spherical] naked (or without outer membrane) cells, filled with green granular matter situate immediately under the cortical layer of the thallus. Granulate, same as granulose. Granulato-areolate, applied to a thallus divided into areole or spaces of a _ granular form, Granulato-areolato-rimose, separated by chinks into granular areole. Granulato-conglomerate, granular and clustered. Granulato-corrugate, corrugate or roughened with granules. Granulato-crenate, with granular crenutions. Granuloso-crispate, crisped and granulose. Granulato-crustose, having a granular crust. Granulato-dispersed, consisting of scattered granules. Granulato-furfuraceous, having granular scurf. Granuloso-lobulate, minute lobes formed of granules. Granulato-papillate, having papillate granules. : Granulato-plicato -sgyuamulose, consisting of minute granular plaited squamules. Granul ato-pulveraceous, powdery with minute granules. Granulato-rugose, wrinkled with granules. é Granulato-rugulose, minutely wrinkled with granules. Granulato-scabrous, rough with granules. . Granulato-squamulose, composed of granular squamules. Granulato-subareolate, granular, the granules becoming areolate. Granulato-sub-pulverulent, granular and somewhat, powdery. Granulato-unequal, unlevel with granules, — Granulato-verrucose, granulate with warts. Granulose, consisting of minute granules. Granuloso-concrescent, granules growing together in a conglomerate manner. Granuloso-concrete, granules closely growing together. Granuloso-congested, having granules heaped together. -Granuloso-crustaceous, a crustaceous thallus arranged in granules. Granuloso-diffract, granules broken up into areole or clusters. Granuloso-leprose, with granular scurf. Granuloso-pulverulent, powdery with minute granules. Granuloso-squamiform, granules assuming the form of squame. Granuloso-unequal, surface made-unlevel by granules. Granuloso-verruceform, wartlike granules, Gregarious, clustered or crowded, Griseo-nigricant, greyish-black. Griseo-pallescent, pale-grey. ~ Gyalectiform, urceolate like a Gyalecta. : Gyalectine, applied to urceolate apothecia which are of a waxy or marmoreous appearance and consistence as in the old genius Gyalecta, now incorporated in Leciden, AK 514 THE LICHEN-FLORA Gyalectoid, see Gyalectine. Gymnotremoid, a naked open spot or space. Gyrose, concentrically twisted or plaited. a inof Gyrose, as applied to the peculiar and complicated flexuosities of the margin o the apothecia in the genus Umbilicaria. Gyroso-complicate, plaited in a gyrose way. Gyroso-plicate, plaited in a gyrose manner. : Hemispherico-conoid, hemispherical with a conical apex. Hemispherico-tuberculose, consisting of hemispherical minute tubercles. Hispido-spinuloso-denticulate, bristled with very minute spine-like teeth. Horizontal, in contradistinction to erect. Horny, of a horn-like consistence. Hyaline, transparent like glass. . ac Hymenium, the whole internal portion of the apothecium, consisting of para- physes, asci and spores and gelatina hymenea. Hymenicolar, inhabiting the hymenium. Hypophieodal, existing beneath the epidermis of bark. Hypothallus, the coloured mycelium-like stratum immediately underneath and upon which the thallus grows. . Hypothecium, the internal portion of the apothecium immediately under the hymenium. Imbedded, sunk somewhat in the thallus. Imbricate, overlapping each other. Imbricato-congested, crowded together and overlapping. Imbricato-crustaceous, so closely imbricated as to become crustaceous. Imbricato-decumbent, decumbent and overlapping. Imbricato-intricate, overlapping and entangled. Imbricato-lobate, lobes overlapping each other. Imbricato-squamose, having overlapping scales. Immarginate, applied to apothecia in which the proper margin is obliterated. Immersed, sunk or plunged in the thallus, Imperforate, entire without perforation. Implexo-ramose, branches interwoven. Impressed, pressed into. Incano-granuloso-pulverulent, having a hoary granular powder. Incano-tomentellose, with a hoary down. Incavato-immersed, sunk in excavations of the rock. Incised, cut into. Inciso-crenate, having deeply-cut crenations. Inciso-crenulate, deeply cut into minute crenate lobes. Inciso-lobate, with deeply cut lobes. Incrassate, thickened. Incrusting, forming a crust over a thing. Incurved, curved inwards. Indeterminate, unlimited or indefinite. Indistinct, as applied to paraphyses not separated or easily discernible. Inflated, puffed out. Inflexed, bent inwards. Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped. Infuscate, of a brown colour. Innate, sunk or imbedded in the thallus. Innato-appressed, innate and closely pressed to. Innato-emergent, innate and re upwards. Innato-erumpent, innate and bursting forth. deme gums, a surface minutely sunken or impressed so as to produce granules, Innato-impressed, pressed and sunken in. Innato sessile, sessile and partially innate. Innately-sessile, partially imbedded. Inner tunic, a membrane more or less coloured which surrounds the nucleus or hymenium in the genus Verrucaria situated immediately beneath the perithecium. Isidviferous, bearing isidiose excrescences. Isidiose, having powdery coral-like excrescences. Isidioso-furfuraceous, covered thickly with chaffy isidia or papilate excrescences. Isidioso-scabrous, roughened with isidiose excrescences. Insculpt, imbedded in the rock. OF GREAT BRITAIN, 515 Interstitial, intervening. Intricate, entangled together. Intricato-ccespitose, in entangled tufts. Intricato-flexuose, wavy like a labyrinth, Intricato-ramose, branched in an entangled fashion. Iterato-proliferous, repeatedly proliferous, Lacerate, torn. Lacero-dehiscent, gaping or opening in a torn or lacerate manner. Lacero-dissected, cut in a torn manner. Lacero-laciniate, lacinie irregularly divided or torn. Lacer'o-lobate, torn into lobes, Lacune, depressions. Laciniate, cut into narrow linear portions. Laciniato-efigurate, arranged in conspicuous laciniz, Laciniato-fibrillose, consisting of fibre-like lacinie. Laciniato-foliolose, leaf-like lacinie. Laciniato-lobate, thallus divided into deeply-cut narrow lacinie or lobes. Laciniato-multifid, cut into numerous lacinia. Laciniato-ramose, branched in a laciniate manner. Laciniiform, of the form of laciniz. Laciniolate, consisting of very minute laciniz. Laciniole, very minute laciniz. Laciniose, split into lacinie. Lacunose, having shallow depressions or excavations. Lacunoso-canaliculate, channelled in interrupted depressions. Lacunoso-corrugate, wrinkled and lacunose. Lacunoso-impressed, impressed with sunken depressions. Lacunoso-rugose, wrinkled into lacune. Levte-virescent, bright-green. Lamine, membranous strata. Lanceolate, narrowly elliptical, tapering to each end. Lanceolato-linear, narrowly and parallelly lance-shaped. Lateral, on the side or margin of a thallus or apothecium. Lecanorine, resembling the apothecium of the genus Lecanora which has a paler margin composed of or arising from the thallus, Lecideiform, like the apothecium of a Lecidea, same as lecideine. Lecideine, resembling the apothecium of the genus Lecidea, which has a proper margin of the same colour with the disk or epithecium. Lenticular, like a small lens, Leprose, scurf-like. Leproso-gelatinous, scurfy and gelatinous. Leproso-granulate, granules of a scurf-like nature. Leproso-granulose, with scurfy granules. Leproso-pulverulent, having scurfy powder. Leproso-tartareous, scurfy, rough and crumbling. Ligulate, strap-shaped, narrow with the two opposite margins parallel. Limitate, limited or bounded by a distinct line of hypothallus. Linear, narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. Lineart-confiuent, becoming cones in linear shapes, or running into con- tinuous lines. Lineari-dissecto-fimbriate, cut into a linear fringed margin. LTineari-elongate, an extended linear form. Lineari-laciniose, cut into linear lacinie. Lineari-multipartite, divided into numerous linear segments. Lineari-oblong, an elongated oblong with the opposite sides nearly parallel. Lineari-radiate, with ray-like linear lacinie or lobes. Lirelleform, shaped like a lirella. Lirelline, oblong apothecia elongated into a furrow-like form, simple or branched, sessile or immersed in the thallus, termed a lirella, from its shape. Livid, pale and clouded. Livido-carneo-fuscescent, clouded-flesh-coloured growing brown, Livido-castaneous, of a livid-chestnut hue. Livido-cinerascent, of a pale-ashy-grey. Livido-fuscescent, clouded-brownish. Livido-fuscous, of a pale or livid-brown. Livido-glaucescent, of a coloured glaucous hue, Livido-nigricant, clouded-blackish, 516: THE LICHEN-FLORA Livido-pruinose, clouded with pruina. Livido-rufous, clouded-red. Livido-testaceous, clouded-brownish-yellow. Livido-virescent, clouded-green. bot Lobate, consisting of many lobes or divisions, in contradistinction to simple. Lobato-crenate, having crenate lobes. Lobato-deformed, having deformed lobes. Lobato-dilated, with broad expanded lobes, Lobato-divided, divided into lobes. Lobato-incised, deeply cut into lobes. Lobato-laciniate, lobed in a laciniate manner. - Lobato-partite, parted into lobes. Lobe, a division of the thallus, various in size and shape, Lobed, consisting of many lobes or divisions. Lobule, very minute lobes.’ Lobulato-granulose, minute granular lobes. Longitudinal, parallel to the longer axis of a figure, Lurid, dull. Lurido-cinerascent, dull-ashy-grey. Lurido-olivaceous, a dull-olive-hue, Lurido-rufescent, dull-reddish. Lnteo-fulvous, yellow-tawny. Luteo-fuscescent, of a yellow-brownish colour. Luteo-ochraceous, yellow-ochrey colour. Luteo-rufescent, yellow-reddish. Luteo-virescent, yellow-greenish. Lutescenti-fuscescent, yellowish-brown. Lutescenti-ochraceous, of a yellowish-ochrey colour. Lycoperdoid, like a tubercular fungus called Lycoperdon. Macrophylline, consisting of elongated extended leaflets, Macular, spot-like or patchy. Maculari-determinate, a limited or defined spot or patch. Magmoid, like an alga, consisting of spherical green cellules, Marginal, situate on a margin or edge. Marginate, having a margin. Margined, an apothecium surrounded with a distinct border or elevated margin. Mastoid, teat-like. Mastoideo-prominent, in teat-like prominences. Medio-depressed, depressed or sunken in the centre, Medio-perforate, perforated in the centre. é M nae axis, the same as medullary layer, the innermost stratum of the us. Membranaceous, thin, and spread out like a membrane in contradistinction to crustaceous. Membranaceo-corticate, having a cortical layer thin like a membrane. eS Ea a membranaceous thallus, horizontally dilated or spread out.’ Membranaceo-laciniose, a membrane cut into lacinie. Membranaceo-lobate, lobes of a thin membrane-like texture. Membranaceo-papyraceous, of a membrane-like consistence like paper. Microlepideo-granulose, composed of minute scaly granules, Microphylline, composed of minute leaflets or scales, Miniato-fulvescent, vermilion colour growing tawny. Moderate, of a size intermediate between large and small. Moniliform, spherical granules arranged together in a necklace-like form. Monophyllous, of one leaf or membrane. Monophyllo-lobate, a lobed one-leafed thallus, Mucoso-gelatinous, of a gelatinous mucous consistence. Mucronate, with a mucro or point. Multifid, cat into many lacinie. Multifido-laciniate, cut into many lacinie, Multi-laciniate, divided into many laciniz, Multilocular, many-celled. : Aulti-nucleolate, having many nuclei. Multiseptate, as applied to spores having numerous septa or divisions. Murali-divided, spores whose internal contents are arranged or divided like the Masonry of a stone wall, pute ee : : OF GREAT BRITAIN, 517 Murali-locular, see murali-divided. Murali-reticulate, marked with muriform reticulations, Muriformi-locular, same as murali-locular, Naked, without covering or mark, Nerveless, destitute of nerves, Nigrescent, approaching a black colour. Nigrescenti-olivaceo-virescent, blackish-olive-green. Nigricant, black. Nigricanti-cerulescent, of a blackish-blue colour. Nigricanti-cinereous, blackish-ashy-grey. Nigricanti-clavate, black club-shaped. Nigricanti-fibrillose, with blackish fibres. Nigricanti-furfuraceous, covered with a blackish scurf, Nigricanti-limitate, thallus defined or limited by a blackish line of hypothallus, Nigricanti-macular, forming a black spot or patch. Nigro-cesious, blackish-blue-grey. Nigro-ciliate, with black ciliz or hairs. Nigro-determinate, defined by a black line of hypothallus. Nigro-fibrillose, with black fibres. : Nigro-fibrilloso-ciliate, ciliated with black fibres, Nigro-fuscescent, black-brown,. Nigro-fuscous, of a dark or blackish-brown célour. Nigro-marginate, having black margins, Nigro-olivaceous, black-olive. , Nigro-piceous, pitch-black. Nigro-rhizinose, having black rhizine. Nigro-rufous, black-red. Nigro-tomentose, having black tomentum. Nigro-virescent, black or dark-green. Nodules, knot-like bodies, Noduliform, like a knot. Noduloso-confluent, knot-like tubercles flowing together or conjoined. Noduloso-pulvinate, in knot-like cushiony patches. Normal, of the ordinary structure or form or size. Nucleus, an internal knot-like substance or contents. Nucleiform, a knot-like tubercle containing a nucleus, Nucleolate, having nuclei. Obconico-turbinate, inversely conical and topshaped. Oblique, slanting. Obliterated, evanescent. Obliterato-squamulose, having scales somewhat obliterated or change'l. Oblong, elliptical, obtuse at each end. Oblonyo-cylindrical, a wide cylindrical form. Oblongo-ellipsoid, broadly and obtusely elliptical. Oblongo-fusiform, broadly fusiform, Oblongo-lobate, in oblong lobes. Oblongo-ovoid, shape between oblung and eggshape. Obovate, reversely ovate, the broad end uppermost. Obscurate, darkened. Obscured, darkened. Obsolete, evanescent, Obtuse, not pointed, with a rounded or blunt termination. Ocellate, imbedded in and margined like a little eye. Ochraceo-ferruginous, of an ochrey-rust-colour. Ochraceo-granuloso-pruinose, with an ochrey granular pruina. Ochraceo-lutescent, ochrey-yellow. A Ochroleuco-pulverulent, with white or pale-ochrey powder. Ochraceo-suffused, covered with ochrey pruina. Ochroleucous, pale-ochrey-colour. Oleoso-locular, spores with cells like drops of oil. Olivaceo-cervine, olive-tawny. ° : Olivaceo-cinereous, of an olive-ashy-grey. Olivaceo-fuscescent, olive-brownish. Olivaceo-fuscous, dark-olive-brown. Olivaceo-virescent, olive-green, | Opake, dull, not polished or shining. 518 THE LICHEN-FLORA Orbicular, of an expanded circular form. Orbiculari-radiose, passing from an orbicular form into a radiate one. Orbiculari-squamose, squamz spreading in an orbicular space, Orbiculate, same as orbicular. Ostiolum, the portion of the perithecium of a Verrucaria, or that portion of the thalline verruca in Pertusaria, protruded above the surface of the thallus. Oval, broadly elliptical obtuse at each end. Oviformi-oblong, an oblong slightly broader at one end and so approaching to the shape of an egg. Ovato-oblong, oblong broader at one end. Ovato-subpyriform, an ovate form verging towards a pear-shape. Ovoid, shaped like an egg. Ovoideo-ellipsoid, an ellipsis somewhat broader at one end. Pallescent, growing pale. Pallescenti-livid, pale-clouded. Pallido-albicant, pale or whitish. Pallido-canescent, pale-hoary. Pullido-castaneous, pale-chestnut-brown, Pallido-cervine, pale-tawny. Pallido-cinerascent, pale-ashy-grey. Pallido-cinereous, pale-ashy-grey. Pallido-cinereo-rufescent, pale-ashy-reddish, Pallido-fuscescent, pale-brown. Pallido-fusco-cinerascent, pale-brown-ashy-grey. Pallido-glaucescent, pale-glaucous, Pallido-livid, pale-clouded. Pallido-lutescent, palish-yellow. Pallido-ochraceous, pale-ochrey. Pallido-rufescent, pale-red. Pallido-rufous, pale-red. Pallido-spadiceous, pale-light-brown. Pallido-sulphureous, pale-sulphur-coloured. Pallido-sulphureo-virescent, pale-sulphury-green. Pallido-testaceous, pale-brownish-yellow. Pallido-virescent, pale-greenish. Palmatifid, cut or divided in a palmate manner. Palmato-multifid, cut into many laciniz resembling the human hand. Papille, small nipple-like projections. Papilleform, like small nipple-like prominences, Papillato-dactyloid, in finger-shaped papillz. Papiltato-exasperate, roughened with minute papille or points. Papillato-sorediate, with sorediate papille. Papillato-unequal, uneven with papille. Papillato-verrucose, consisting of papillate warts. Papilloso-granulate, having grauular papille. Papilloso-scabrous, roughened with minute nipple-like prominences. Papilloso-subglobose, of a somewhat globular papillate aspect, Parallel, lines maintaining an equal distance from each other. Paraphyses, minute hyaline thread-like filaments accompanying the asci, having rounded or clavate coloured apices which by their juxta-position give the peculiar colour to the epithecium. Parasitic, growing on some other lichen. Paries, wall. Patellaroid, like a little dish. Patelliform, dish-shaped. Patellulate, like a little dish. . Pauci-articulate, with few joints. Plano-convex, of flattened convexity. Pedato-radiate, radiate like the foot of a bird. Pedicillate, stalked. Pellucid, transparent. Peltate, placed like a pelta or shield horizontally on the apex of a division of the thallus or on a stipes. Peltiform, shield-like. Pendulous, hanging downwards. Perforated, having round holes, OF GREAT BRITAIN. 519 Parvdivm, a naalat pag eis several hymenia,. ectum, the outer case, either entire or dimidi: i i che Remi 5 diate, enclosing the hymenium Persistent, permanent or not falling off. Piloso-ciliate, fringed or ciliated with hairs. Pinnatifido-dissected, cut in a pinnatifid mode. Pinnatifido-divaricate, divided into lateral segments which spread out in a divaricate manner. Plane, flattened. Plano-appressed, flattened and closely pressed to a thing. Plano-canaliculate, a plane surface channelled. Plano-compressed, laterally pressed into a flat surface. Plano-depressed, pressed downwards and flat on the upper surface. Platyphyllous, broad-leaved. Plicate, plaited. Llicato-deformed, deformed by being plaited. Plicato-laciniate, lacinie arranged in a plaited manner. Plicato-rugose, wrinkled in a plaited manner. Plicato-undulate, plaited and wavy. Plicato-verrucoso-granulose, having plaited warty granules. Plicatulate, minutely plaited. Pliciform, plait-like. Plumbeo-albicant, lead-colour becoming whitish. Plumbeo-ceerulescent, leaden-blue. Plumbeo-cinerascent, leaden-ashy-grey. Plumbeo-fuscescent, of a brownish-lead-colour. Plumbeo-glaucescent, of a glaucous-lead-colour. Plumbeo-virescent, of a lead-coloured-green. Pluri-articulate, with many articulations or joints. Plurilocular, many-celled. Pluriseptate, having many septa. Podetiiform, resembling a podetium. Podetiiformi-stipitate, having a stipes like a podetium. Podetium, the stem-like portion of the thallus in the genus Cladonia, which bears on its apex the apothecium. Podicellate, stalked. Polari-bilocular, a spore with the cells placed at the opposite apices. Polari-nucleolate, having nuclei in the opposite apices of a spore. Polygonal, of many angles. Polymorphous, of many forms. Polyphyllous, many-leaved. Polysporous, having asci containing numerous spores or more than the usual number of 8. Poriform, like a pore. Predominant, very conspicuous and in excess. Proliferous, bearing marginal buds or lobes. Proliferously-denticulate, the marginal teeth becoming proliferous. Prominent, projecting or elevated, Proper margin, the margin of the apothecium formed from the apothecium itself and not from the thallus. Prostrate, lying flat on a surface. Protoplasm, elementary matter. Protruded, thrust out or forwards. Pseudo-biatorine, falsely biatorine, or having an apothecium without a conspi- cuous thalline margin, but at the same time without any observable proper margin or convex and immarginate. Pseudo-cyphelice, minute excavations on the under surface of the thallus filled with white or yellow powder. Pseudo-cyphellate, having false or imperfect cyphelle. Pseudo-disciform, falsely disk-like. Pscudo-scutelliform, falsely shield-like. Pseudo-thallodal, apparently formed of the thallus. Puberulo-villose, with pubescent hairs. | Pulpy, formed of pulp, springy and elastic. Pulveraceous, powdery. Pulvereous, powdery. | Pulvereo-granulose, with powdery granules, 520 THE LICHEN-FLORA Pulverulent, powdery. Pul verulento-furfuraceous, powdery and scurfy. ee ‘furaceous, powdery, granulose, and chaffy or. sc Pulvinate, cushion-like. Pulvinuli, cushion-like masses or concretions. Pulvinulo-conglomerate, in cushion-like clusters. Punctato-scabrid, rough with minute elevated points. Punctellato-impressed, with minute sunken or impressed points or dots. Punctiform, like dots or points. Punctiformi-contracted, contracted into a mere point or dot. Punctiformi-impressed, impressed like minute points or dots. Pyrenocarpous, having fructification like that of a Verrucaria. Pyrenodeous, wart-like. Pyrenodine, globular and nuclear. Pyriform, pear-shaped. Radiate, spreading outwards on all sides from a centre. Radiato-congregate, in radiate clusters. Radiato-coronate, with a ray-like corona or margin of minute lobes. Radiato-crenulate, with radiating crenulations. Radiato-cristate, with crest-like projections spreading in a radiate way. Radiato-cymose, a cyme spreading ray-like. Radiato-fimbriate, radiately fringed. Radiato-fissured, fissured in a radiate manner. Radiuto-incised, deeply cut and radiate. Radiato-lobate, Tebed. the lobes spreading in a ray-like way. Radiato-plicato-lobate, lobes spreading in a plaited ray- Tike fashion. Radiato-plicato-rugose, radiate, plaited and wrinkled. Radiato-rimose, having chinks * spreading outwards in a radiate manner. Radiato-rugose, wrinkled in a eink direction. Radiato-rugoso-plicatulate, wrinkled and plaited i in a radiated direction. Radiato-sulcate, furrowed in rays. Radioso- -fimbriate, having a radiate panes: : ee niate, the separate lacinie of a thallus spreading in a ray-like mode. Radioso-rimose, with ray-like chinks. Ramose, branch Ramoso-divided, branched in many divisions. Ramoso-fimbriate, branched in a fringed manner. Ramoso-incised, branched and inciued, Ramuli, branchlets or secondary branches. Ramulose, with secondary branches. Ramuloso-ciliate, fringed with branching ciliz. Ramuloso- -spinulose, having minute spine-like branches, Henepiels, ihe portions of the thallus in which the apothecia are imbedded or inclosed. Recurved, curved backwards. Reniform, kidney-shaped. Repando-crenate, sinuously crenate. Repando-lobulate, with repand or sinuous lobes. Reticulate, like petwork. Reticulato-foveolate, having deep depressions separated by raised reticulations or network. Reticulato-lacunose, depressions separated by network or elevated reticulations. Reticulato-nigricanti-nervose, reticulated with blackish nerves. Reticulato-rimulose, having very minute rime or chinks arranged in a reticulate manner. Reticulato-rugose, wrinkled in a net-like manner. Reticulato-rugulose, minutely wrinkled with elevated reticulations. Reticulato-sorediate, having sorediate elevated reticulations. Reticulato-tomentose, having downy reticulations. Retuse, having the centre depressed. Retuso-truncate, cut off abruptly and having the centre depressed. Rhagadioso-diffract, broken up in a deeply cleft mode. Ehizine, root-like filaments, Bhicinoae, having rhizine or root-like filaments on the under surface of the us. OF GREAT BRITAIN. 521 Rigescent, approaching a rigid or stiff consistence. Rigid, stiff. Rimiform, having a longitudinal chink or furrow. Rimiformi-angustatc, having a narrow chink or furrow Rimtformi-constricted, having a contracted chink or furrow. Rimoso-areolate, divided into areole by chinks, Rimoso-diffract, broken into areola by widish chinks, Rimoso-insculpted, having rime or chinks sculptured out or cut out of a surface. Rimoso-squamulose, with squamules separated by chinks, Rimulose, broken by minute rime or chinks. Rimuloso-dehiscent, ruptured in an irregular radiate chinky manner, Rotundate, rounded. Rotundato-difformed, of a deformed round shape, Rotundato-lobate, with round lobes. Rotundato-pulvinular, in round cushion-like masses. Rotundato-undulato-crenate, rounded, wavy and crenate, Rotundo-abbreviato-laciniate, cut into short rounded lacinie, Rotundo-crenate, rounded and crenate. Rotundo-dilated, rounded and spread out. Rotundo-obovate, of a roundish obovate form. Rotundo-poriform, with a round pore. Rotundo-squamulose, with minute rounded squamules, Roseo-earncous, of a rosy-flesh-colour, Rosulate, rose-like. Rosulato-lobulate, minutely lobed and spreading in a rose-like or stellate manner, Rubiginose, of a reddish-hue. Rubricoso-fuscescent, of a brick-red-dark-brown, Rubricoso-fuscous, reddish-dark-brown. Rubricoso-nigricant, of a brick-red-black colour, Rubricoso-rufescent, of a brick-red-reddish-brown, Rufo-badious, reddish-dull-brown,. Rufo-fuscescent, reddish-brown. Rufo-testaceous, red-yellow-brown, Rufous, full-red-brown. Rufescent, reddish-brown. Rufescenti-cinerascent, reddish-ashy-grey, Rugose, wrinkled. Rugoso-convex, wrinkled and convex. Rugoso-crenate, wrinkled into crenations. Rugoso-crenulate, with wrinkled minute crenations, Rugoso-granulate, wrinkled and granular, Rugoso nodulose, wrinkled and knotty. Rugoso-plicate, wrinkled and plaited. Rugoso-pustulate, wrinkled and pustuled, Rugoso-subrimose, wrinkled and somewhat chinky, Rugoso-unequal, with an uneven wrinkled surface, Rugulose, slightly wrinkled. Ruguloso-areolate, with wrinkled areole, Sanguineo-black, blood-red-black. Scabrid, scabrous or rough. ' Scabrous, rough with minute elevations, Scattered, dispersed. ; Scobiformi-granulate, granules like fine saw-dust. _ . Scrobiculate, having numerous small shallow depressions or excavations. Scurfy, peeling off in small detached flakes, Scutelliform, shield-like, Scyphi, open cups. Scyphiform, cup-like. : Scyphiphorous, bearing scyphi. ; Scyphose, bearing thalline cups as in Cladonia. Segregate, separate, : Semi-immersed, partially immersed. Septate, having divisions. Septato-articulate, jointed and septate, : Septato-murali-divided, septate and with muriform cellules. Septule, minute septa, ' 3 A Septum, the partition dividing the spores internally into two or more portions, 7 AL 22 THE LICHEN-FLORA | Sessile, without any stipes or stalk. sie Setuliform, thread-like. hits Simple, as applied to spores having no septum or division. Sekar Sinuate, margin uneven with alternate concavities and convexities. Sinuato-incised, deeply cut into in a sinuate or wavy manner. Sinuato-flexuose, sinuate and wavy. |_| Sinuato-laciniate, cut into sinuate lacinie. Sinuato-lobate, lobed in a sinuate manner. : Sinuato-muitifid, divided into many sinuate lacinie, Sinuato-pinnatifid, deeply cut into lateral segments which have sinuate margins Sinus, the concavity in a sinuate lobe or lacinia. oo - Soleform, slipper-shaped. ~ Soredia, heaps of powdery granules, __ Sorediato-lacerate, torn and sorediate. : * Sorediato-tuberculose, having tubercles more or less sorediate, Sorediiferous, bearing soredia. Spadiceous, bright-clear-brown. : Spadiceo-fuscous, bright-dark-brown. __ Spadiceo-pallescent, a bright-brown growing paler. Spadiceo-rufescent, reddish-brown. | Spadiceo-rufous, bright-brownish-red. Spherical, globose. ee Spheroideo-cellulose, formed of globular cellules. Spermatia, minute cylindrical or rod-shaped bodies contained in the spermo- gonia and conjectured to be the male fertilizing organs. Spermogonia, minute tubercles of the thallus various in colour, and conjectured to contain the male organs of fertilization. Spermogoniferous, bearing spermogonia, Spinose, spiny. Spinulose, having minute spines. Spinuloso-ciliated, fringed with minute spine-like cilia, Spongioso-tomentose, spongy and downy. Spores, bodies various in shape and size, either simple or septate or locular contained in the asci. Spreading, expanding. Spurious, apparently but not really. Squameform, scale-like. Syuamigerous, bearing squam2 or scales. Squamose, consisting of scale-like leaflets or squame. Squamoso-decorticate, the cortical layer peeling off in scales, Squamoso-foliolose, leaf-like squame. | Squamoso-lobate, with lobe-like squame. Squama, a leaf-like scale, Squamaceous, scaly. Squamule, very minute scales or squame. Squamulose, consisting of very minute leaflike scales or squame, Squamuloso-areolate, with areolate minute scales. Squamuloso-crenate, having minute crenate scales. Squamuloso-efigurate, fashioned into scales. — __ Squamuloso-glebulose, consisting of small scaly crumb-like masses, Squamuloso-granulate, consisting of granular squamules, Squamoso-imbricate, with overlapping squame. Stellato-appressed, closely pressed in a stellate manner, Stellato-congregate, clustered in a stellate arrangement, Stellato-dehiscent, dehiscing in a stellate manner, Stellato-divided, divided in a stellate or star-like form. __ Stellato-laciniate, lacinie spreading in a stellate manner, Stellato-orbicular, as applied to a thallus whose laciniz or_ lobes radiate from a centre in a star-like manner within a rounded space, Stellato-radiate, radiating in a star-like form, Stenophyllous, narrow-leaved. Sterigmata, minute filaments either simple or articulate, within the spermogonia. which bear the spermatia, 4 Stipate, crowded. Stipes, a stalk or elevated support. Stipitate, having a stipes or stalk, Stramineous, straw-coloured,. 1... a a OF GREAT BRITAIN. 523 Stratum-gonidiale, the layer immediately beneath the cortical layer containing the gonidia, Striated, marked by longitudinal lines or furrows. Striato-crenulate, striated and crenulate. Striato-nervous, striated with prominent nerves. Striato-rugose, wrinkled with striz. Stuppeous, woolly, : Suberuginose, somewhat of a verdigris-green, Subampulleform, somewhat flask-like shape. Subangulose, somewhat angular. Subareolate, nearly areolate. Subbiatorine, nearly biatorine. Subbyssoid, of a somewhat byssoid or fibrous nature. Subcarinate, somewhat keel-shaped. Subciliate,- somewhat ciliate. Subclavato-fusiform, of a somewhat club-shaped spindle-shape. Subcolliculoso-areolate, having areole of somewhat hilly projections. Subcompressed, slightly compressed. Subconcentric, arranged in a somewhat concentric manner. Subconcolorous, nearly of the same colour. Subconglomerate, somewhat clustered. Subconglutinate, somewhat glued together. Subcontinuous, having a nearly unbroken surface. Subcoriaceous, somewhat leathery: Subcortical, beneath the cortical layer. Subcostate, somewhat ribbed. Subcorymbose, with the lower branches elevated to nearly the same level as the upper ones like a corymb. Subcrenulate, somewhat crenulate. Subcrustaceo-leproso-granulate, somewhat crustaceous, leprous and granular. Subcylindrical, nearly cylindrical. Subcymbiform, somewhat of a boat-shape. Subcymoso-proliferous, proliferous from the centre like a cyme. Subdecorticate, nearly destitute of the cortical layer, Subdeterminate, somewhat limited or defined. Subdiffract, somewhat broken up into areole. Subdisciform, somewhat of a disk-like appearance. Subefigurate, somewhat of a defined form. Subeffuso-areolate, having areolz scattered or dispersed in an indefinite manner, Subfarinaceous, somewhat chaff-like. Subfastigiate, approaching the same level. a cea eos Fesrstontons like a little shrub whose branches all rise to nearly the same level. Subjibrillose, somewhat minutely fibrous. Subfilamentose, somewhat filamentose. Subjimbriate, somewhat fringed. Subfoliaceous, becoming leafy. . Subfusiform, nearly ‘fusiform. Subgelatinous, somewhat gelatinous. Subglobose, almost globose. - Subgloboso-deformed, globose bodies deformed by close contact or crowding. Subgloboso-incrassate, thickened into a somewhat globose form. Subgloboso-tuberculiform, like globular tubercles. Subgranulato-unequal, approaching an uneven somewhat granulose surface. Subgranulose, nearly granulose. : Subgranuloso-rugose, somewhat wrinkled with granules. Subgyrose, somewhat gyrose. : Subgyroso-verrucose, having somewhat whirled verruce or warts, Subhymeniale, under the hymenium. Subimbricate, nearly overlapping each other. Subimmersed, somewhat immersed. Subincumbent, somewhat bending downwards. : Subinnato-sessile, superficial but somewhat immersed in the thallus. Sublacunose, somewhat lacunose. Sublevigate, somewhat smoothed. Sublecanorine, nearly lecanorine. — Sublecideine, apothecia nearly like those of the genus Lecided. 524. THE LICGHEN-FLORA Subleprose, somewhat scurfy.. Sublimitate, somewhat limited or with a definite boundary. Sublobato-plicate, somewhat lobed and_plaited. Sublobulate, somewhat lobed, Sublobulato-concrescent, growing together in minute lobes. Submembranaceous, almost membranaceous. Submonophyllus, almost formed of one leaf. Submurali-divided, nearly murali-divided. “ Suborbiculari-determinate, having a limited or defined somewhat orbicular form. Suborbiculari-stellate, radiating in a somewhat orbicular space. Subpalmato-nervose, having nerves spreading in a palmate manner. Subpeltate, somewhat peltate. Subplicato-contiguous, lying close together in somewhat plaitel manner. Subpodicellate, somewhat stalked or stipitate. Subpyrenoid, nearly like a Verrucaria. Subpyrenodeo-lecanorine, an apothecium nearly like the fructification of a Verrucaria but surrounded with a thalline margin. Subradiate, approaching a radiate shape. Subradiato-lobate, consisting of somewhat ray-like lobes. Subramoso-papillato-granulate, with branched papillate granules. Subrubricoso-fuscous, somewhat brick-red-brown. Subrugose, somewhat wrinkled. Subrugulose, somewhat minutely wrinkled. Subsecund, somewhat turned towards one side. Subsessile, nearly or almost sessile. Subspadiceous, of a somewhat bright-brown. Subspherical, nearly spherical. Subspongiose, nearly spongy. Subsquamose, somewhat scaly. Subsquamaceo-granulose, granules becoming nearly like squame, Subsquamoso-plicato-verruculose, with plaited warty scales. Subsquamulose, almost squamulose. : Subsquamuloso-concrescent, growing together in a somewhat scaly manner. Subsquamuloso-granulate, the granules merging into scales. Substellato-deformed, deformed in a somewhat stellate manner. Substellato-radiate, nearly stellato-radiate. Substipitate, with a slight stipes or stalk. Substramineous, somewhat straw-coloured. Subtartareous, nearly tartareous. Subtomentose, somewhat tomentose or downy. Subulate, awl-shaped. Subulato-spinose, with awl-shaped spines. Subuliform, awl-shaped. Suburceolate, somewhat urceolate. Subventricoso-cornute, having a swollen horn-shaped form. Subverrucose, somewhat warty. Subverrucoso-tomentose, somewhat warty and downy. Subvirescenti-suffused, covered with a greenish hue or pruina Sulciform, furrowed or channelled. Sulphureous, sulphur or brimstone-coloured. Sulphureo-pulverulent, covered with sulphury powder. Sulphureo-sorediate, with sulphur-coloured soredia. Sulphureo-suffused, coloured with sulphury powder or pruina. Sulphureo-virescent, sulphury-green. Superficial, lying on the surface. Tartareous, having a rough crumbling surface. Tartareo-farinose, with crumbly powder. Terete, longitudinally rounded. Tereti-compressed, terete and compressed. Teretiusculo-compressed, somewhat terete or compressed. Terminal, on the apex or summit of a branch or stipes. Terricole, growing on the earth. Tessellato-areolate, having areole resembling a tesselated pavement. Testaceo-fuscescent, yellowish-brown passing into dark-brown. Testaceo-rufescent, yellowish-brown passing into reddish-brown. Testacco-rufous, Browulele-rellomsrel, Thalamium, the same as hymenium. OF GREAT BRITAIN- 525 Thalline, composed of, or of the same substance as the thallus. Thalline-margin, the margin of an apothecium formed of the thallus, Thallodal, composed of the thallus. Thallus, the foliaceous or crustaceous portion of a lichen which bears the fructification. Thece, see Asci. Theciferous, bearing thece or asci. Thelotremoid, having tubercular apothecia like those of Thelotrema. Thelotremoideo-lecideine, having an open wart-like or disk-like aspect. Thyrsoid, like a thyrsus, the branches compact, the lower ones shorter than the middle ones. Thyrsoideo-conglomerate, clustered together in a thyrsus-like manner. Tomentose, covered with tomentum or down-like hairs, Tomentoso-filamentose, tomentum composed of filaments, Torto-curvate, curved and twisted. Toruloso-intricate, knotted and entangled. Transverse, at right angles to the longitudinal direction. Tremulous, shaky. Tripartite, divided into three portions, Triquetrous, three-edged or sided. Triseptate, having 3-septa or divisions. Truncate, with an abrupt termination as if cut off. Truncato-conical, of a truncate or flattened cone-shape. Truncato-crenate, abruptly cut off and crenate. Truncato-furcate, truncate and forked. Tuberculate, consisting of tubercles. Tuberculose, covered with little excresences or warts. Tuberculoso-albo-sorediate, having white sorediate tubercles, Tuberculoso-elevated, raised upon a tubercle. Tuberculoso-glomerate, in clustered tubercles and conglomerations. Tuberculoso-lecanorine, alecanorine apothecium elevated on a tubercle. Tuberculoso-nigricanti-sorediate, having blackish sorediate tubercles. Tuberculoso-spherical, consisting of round tubercles, Tuberculoso-unequal, uneven with tubercles. Tubulose, hollow like a tube. Tubuloso-inflated, having an inflated tube-like form, Tumid, swollen, Turbinate, shaped like a top. Turbinato-cylindrical, of an elongated top-like form. Turbinato-lentiform, top-shaped, flattened on the summit, Turgescent, swollen. Turgid, swollen. Turgido-cylindrical, of a swollen cylindrical shape. Umber, dull-brown. Umbilically, as applied to a thallus fixed to the matrix by the centre; as applied to an epithecium, navel-like. Umbonate, with a projecting point or boss in the centre. mbrino-olivaceous, umber-coloured-olive, Undulate, wavy. Undulato-attenuate, tapering upwards in a wavy mode. Undulato-crispate, wavy avd crisped or curled. Undulato-crisped, wavy and crisped. Undulato-lobate, with wavy lobes. Undulato-plane, a flattened wavy surface. Undulato-plicate, wavy and plaited. Undulato-rugose, wrinkled in a wavy mode. Undulato-sinuate, waved in a sinuate mode, : Undulato-sulcato-rugose, with wavy furrowed wrinkles, Uniform, of the same size, thickness or substance throughout. Uniseptate, spores with one septum or division. ae Unstratified, applied to a thallus in which the normal layers cannot be distinctly seen but are confused. — Urceolate, of a sunken cup-like shape. : Urceolariform, sunk in the thallus like a cup as the apothecia of the genus Urceolaria. 3 : Urceolato-appressed, having an urceolate apothecium closely pressed to the thallus. 526 THE LICHEN-FLORA Urceolato-concave, concave like a cup. : Urceolato-innate, applied to apothecia of a cup-like shape sunken in the thallus. Urceolato-scutelliform, urceolate and shield-like. Variolarioid, an abortive apothecium developed into a powdery or granulose tubercle, like the supposed fructification of the old pseudo-genus Variolaria. Villose, hairy. Vinous-red, red like port wine. Violaceo-fuscescent, violet with a brown hue. Violaceo-rubescent, violet with a red tinge. Virescent, approaching a green hue. Virescenti-cinerascent, greenish-ashy-greyish. Virescenti-cinereous, greenish-ashy-grey. Virescenti-fuscescent, greenish-brown. Virescenti-fuscous, greenish-dark-brown. Virescenti-olicaceous, greenish-olive. Viridi-glaucescent, glaucous-green. Viridulo-cinerascent, greenish-grey. Vitellinous-yellow, yellow like the yolk of an egg. Vermiculari-elongate, lengthened out like a worm. Vermiform, worm-like. Vermiformi-cylindrical, cylindrical and twisted like a worm. Ventricoso-fusiform, of a swollen or inflated spindle-shape. Verrucarovd, having fruit like the verruce or apothecia of a Verrucaria. Verruce, small wart-like tubercles or elevations of the thallus. Verruceform, of a wart-like tubercular form. Verrucose, wart-like. ; Verrucoso-areolate, composed of wart-like areolz. Verrucoso-areolato-diffract, broken up into verrucose areole. Verrucoso-confluent, with warts growing together. x Verrucoso-conglomerate, in clustered verrucose portions. Verrucoso-difiract, divided by chinks into wart-like areolz. Verrucoso-glebulose, having crumb-like warts. Verrucoso-glomerulose, conglomerated into wart-like heaps. Verrucoso-granulate, a thallus composed of verruce and granules. Verrucoso-leprose, with warty scurf. Verrucoso-papillate, having papille-like warts. Verrucoso-rugose, with wrinkled warts. Verrucoso-scabrous, roughened with warts. Verrucoso-sorediate, having wart-like soredia. Verrucoso-syuamose, consisting of scaly warts. Verrucoso-tomentose, warty and tomentose. Verrucoso-tuberculose, having wart-like tubercles. Verrucoso-unequal, unevenly wart-like. 2 Verruculoso-cinerascent, consisting of ashy-grey small warts. Verruculoso-scabrous, roughened with very minute warts. Verticillato-proliferous, becoming proliferous, whorl above whorl. Waxy, of a wax-like consistenee or aspect. Zonate, marked with concentric wavy undulations. GRBAP BRITAIN. 524 INDEX... abietina, Ach,, Lecid. seve soeeseee 804 ] alboflavida, Tayl., Lecan........... 189 abietinum, Ach., Cal..... 43 | albomarginata, Nyl., Squam....... 159 abortiva, Scher., Clad. 58 | sleicorn’s, Fi, Gad-r-n58 86 acanthella, Ach., Cet. aaa’ - 93 | Alectoria wo... wee OE accesitans, Nyl., Lecid....... « 260 | aleurites, Ach., Plat. 96 acetabulum, Neck. Parm... .. 125 | allogena, Nyl., Verv.... 492 Acharii, Westr., Leca7...... . 196 | allophana, Ach., Lecan. 185 aciculare, Sm., Cal. ....... 40 | alociza, Leight., Lecid...... . 325 acicularis, Sm., Lich. . « 40 ! alocizoides, Leight., Lecid. wee 825 acrotella, Ach., Verr. .... .. 448 | alpestris, L., Clad......... .. 66 acrustacea, Hepp., Lecid. .. 8386 | alpestris, Smrf., Lecid. 272 actzea, Nyl., Lecan. ....... .. 220 | alpicola, Scher., Lecid... 328 actinellum, Nyl., Pyr...- .. 87 | alpicola, T. Fr., Parm .. 118 actinota, Ach., Phys. .... .. 184 | alpigena, Ach., Lecan. . ... 181 aculeata, Fr., Cet........++ .. 92 | alpina, Scber., Lecid. .. 303 acuta, Leight., Graph.... ... 431 | alpina, Hepp., Lecid. ... . 370 adglutinata, Flk., Phys.. ... 137 | alpinum, Laur., Ster. 71 admissa, Nyl., Lecan. .... . 171 | alumnula, Nyl., Lecid. 302 adspersa, Flk., Clad. 61 | amaurocrea, Flk., Clad 67 adunea, Ach., Clad.. 68 | ambigua, Fr., Lecid 295 advenula, Nyl, Verr. . 496 | ambigua, Ach., Lecid. 348 advenula, Leight., Lect advertens, Nyl., Lecid. znea, Duf., Lecid.... enea, Anz., Saged.... ... 888 | ambigua, Wulf., Parm. ... 251 | amota, Nyl., Mel... cco 436 .. 297 | Amphiloma. ..................6. 156. 161 . 464 | amphineum, Ach., Lept............ 26 zeruginosa, Borr., Lecid. ... 256 | amphotera, Leight., Lecid....... .. 287 estivalir, Ohl, Lecid. ... ... 260 | amphotera, Nyl., Opeg. ... ........ 410 zthiobola, Whl., Ver. «.. 447 ampliata, Ach., Ram. ...... . 86 affinis, Scheer., Lecid. ... 263 | amplissima, Scop. Ric... a+ EL: affinis, Mass., Verr. ......... 6 .. 472 | amptiza, Stirt,, Lecid.... .. 277 Agardhianum, Ach., Plac.......... 165 amylaceus, Ehrh. Lich. ........ ... 365 agelea, Ach., Phlyc............ ... 237 | amylaceum, Mndd, Schism. 365 agelea, T. & B., Variol.... acs DOL analepta, Ach., Verr. ...... 463 aggerata, Mudd., Lecvd.... .. 801 | analeptella, Nyl., Verr, . 464 ageregatum, Ach., Coil. ... 25 | analeptiza, Nyl., Verr...... . 464 ageregata, Leight. , Saged.. . 412 | anastomozans, Ach., Arth. . 425 aglea, Smrf., Lecid. ... . 278 | analeptica, Nyl., Verr...... vee 464 agleoides, Nyl., Lecid... ... 243 | analeptoides, Nyl., Verr... 464 Agyrium ....0-.c60 cece ff .8. 392 | Andrewii, Stirt., Lithog. 394 _aipopsila, Whinb., Lecan............ 219 anglica, Nyl., Sphin...... 38 aitema, Ach., Lecan.....- .... 183 | anguloso, Ach., Lecan... 205 albariella, Nyl., Lecan... ... 219 | angustata, Hffm., Phys. 135 albella, Pers., Lecan... ... 206 | anomala, Leight. Opeg. .. vies 883 albicans, Fw., Lecid... .... 876 | anomala, Fr., Lecid...........4... 837 albida, Tayl., Syne. ... .... 485 | anomaloides, Nyl., Lecid...... .. 329 albidocarnea, Nyl., Lec ... 346 | anomalus, Tayl., Bwom............ 297 albidum, Tayl., Chiod, . 435 anomea, Ach., Clad. ..... . 60 albissima, Ach., Verr. . 481 | antecellens, Nyl., Verr, .. .. 465 alboatra, Hfim., Lecid.. . 346 | antiloga, Stirt., Lecid..... . 309 albocarnea, Nyl., Lecid...... 340 | antrophila, Larb., Lecid., . 252 alboczerulescens, Wulf., Lec 303 | anerythrea, Nyl., Avth. .. . 423 albocerulescens, Mudd, Lecid. ... 305 aphana, Nyl., Lecid. .. . 265 albovirells, Nyl., Lecéd, ....... 356 | aphanoides, Nyl. Lecid. .. . 265 528 THE LICHEN- aphthosa, L,, Pelt........00..00. 101 | aurantiaca, Lights 2 Lecan... - 467 aurata, Ach., Si aporetica, Kbr., Lecid. -. 259 aurella, Ach., pe .. 167 applanata, Fr., Lecid. . 327 aureola, Ach., PHYS... 11000 .. 132 aquilella, Nyl., Verr. . 451 auriculatum, Hfm., Coll... wwe 27 aquatilis, Mudd, Verr . 445 | austera, NyL, Lean eee. w. 199 aquila, Ach., Phys. . « 142 Behmgeopt Berk, ans. ... 480 aractina, Dey Ver. . .. 450 | bacillifera, N- |, Lecid, . .-- 370 arctica, Smrf., Lecid. . .. 274 | bacillaris, A ” Clad. . 65 arctica, Ach., "Tmb.\... .. 145 | badia, ‘Ach., Lecan. . . 198 212 | badioatra, NyL? Lecid - 318 arenaria, Mudd, Callop.. ; arenicola, Leight,, Verr.. areniseda, N’ yl., Opeg..... areolata, Teight., Lecid.. areolata, Scher., Lecid, . argena, Ach,, Phiyc pears oo Ly! .. 406 | barbata, L., ‘Ten. - .. 820 | badia, Flot., Lecid. . - 246 .. 279 | bellidiflora, ‘Scher. Clad. 62.65. 66 .. 287 | bellissima, Leight., Lecan... . 217 argena, T, & B., Variol.. 237 Berengariana, Mass., Lecid. . 270 argentata, Ach., Lecan... 186 | biatorinum, Pyle i, Lent 25 argopholis, Whinb., Lecai 180 | bicolor, Ebrh., 78 armeniaca, D.C., Lecid,* 243 pbieiicars Lee 332 Arnoldiana, Nyl., Co ot 36 biformis, Borr., Verr. . . 468 Arnoldi, Kphr., ... 3840 | Bischoffii, Hepp., Leea .. 220 aromatica, Sm., tan ... 852 | bispora, Nyl, ‘Solor. . 107 arridens, Nyl., Lecid. . ... 808 | Borreri, Turn., Parm.. . 122 Arthonia vescisascces secesses . ald Borreri, Leight., Verr. . 459 arthonoidea, Scher., Opeg.......... 897 | botryiza, Nyl, Lecid. . 247 arthonoidea, Leight. , Opeg.. .. 899 | botryosum, Nyl., Clad, 71 articulata, Ach., Usn... .. 77 | botrytes, Clad. 0.0.0.0... en OD) ascaridiella, Nyl., Lecid.. ... 883 | Bouteillei, Desm., Lecid. ......... 342 asema, Nyl., Lecid, ... .. 275 Breadalbanensis, Stirt., Lecid. ... 298 aspera, Flk., Clad....... .. 58 | brunnea, Ach., Parm...........006 151 asperella, Strt., Lecid. ... 283 | brunneolum, Ach., Cal. ... . 41 aspersa, Leight., Arth ... ... 418 Bruyeriana, Scher., Lecid cw BOS aspersella, Leight., Arth. . .. 415 | bryospila, Nyl., Verr. ...... ... 470 asperseJum, Ach., ” Per... .. 13 | bryontha, Ach., Lecan. ... 230 aspergilla, T. & B., Variol.......... 232 | bryophila, Ach., Ure. ...... .. 240 astroidea, Ach., Arth... .. 419 | Burgessii, Lightf., Lept, .. 383 astroidea, Leight., Arth.. w. 423 Byssacei bnabeicd btn aae Al," 39) astroidea, Lem., Phys..... ... 139 | byssaceum, Fr., Cal... wae 45 astroidestera, Nyl, Arth........... 424 | caerulea, Kbr., Bacid. 2.0.0.0... 371 Astrothelium .. 2 . 499 | cxerulescens, Mudd., Lecan. ... 223 athroocarpa, Mudd, “Aspic. .. 284 | ceerulata, Flot. Lecan................ 204 ... 223 | cewruleobadia, Schleich, Parm. ... 151 ... 183 | ceruleo-nigricans, Lightf., Lecid 330 ... 467 | Cesariensis, Nyl., Opeg. ......... 406 .. 898 | cesia, Hffm., Phys. ...... 177 | cesiocinerea, NyL, Leca: 321 | cesiopruinosa, Mudd, Leci athroocarpa, Dub., Lecan. Atlantica, Ach., Physe. Ae atomaria, D.C., Verr.. atra, Pers., Opeg. ... atra, Huds., Lecan atrata, Sm., Lecid. atricolor, Strt., Op 400 | cespititia, Flk., Clad. .. i. Oe atriseda, Fr., Lecan... ... 198 | calcarea, Turn., ae .. 402 atroalba, Ach., Lecid.... . 817 | calcarea, L., Lecan, « 192 atroalbicans, Nyl., Lecid... ... 328 | calcarea, Fr. , Lecid....... «.. 800 atroalbella, Nyl., Lecid.... +» 3824 | calcarea, Weis, Lecid. vere 348 atrobadia, Nyl., Lecid. ... «.. 318 | calcearea, Nyl., Vorw...... weve 488 atrocinerea, icks.. Lecan. ax 216 calcarius, eis., Lich. iene OLD attofusca, Heep: Leeid.. ... 259 | calcaricola, Mudd, Verr. .. 495 atrofuscella, yl., Arth.. ... 415 | calciseda, D.C., Verr. ... -. 458 atrofuscescens, Nol. Lecid....... 292 | calcigena, Nyl., Lecan. hook 92 atropurpurea, Scher., Lecid...... 338 | calcivora, Ehrh., TRC» ssesrassavs 310 atropurpurascens, Nyl., Lecid.... 338 .. 83. atrorufa, Dicks., Lecid..........00... 242 atrorimalis, Nyl., Cpe « “ atrovirens, nue Lecia « atrula, NyL, Opeg .. Hee atrynea, Ach., Lecan. .. sspsecasspseisy LOU OF GREAT BRITAIN, callopismum, Ach., Plac. ......... 162 calpodes, Strt., Zecid. .. 288 calva, Dicks., Lecan ....... 203 ealycioides, Nyl., Gomph. 50 campestris, Scher., Lecan. . 186 cana, Ach., Alect... 79 eanaliculata, Fr., Ram. .. 84 candelaria, Ach., Lecan. 167 eandicans, Dicks., Plac. 164 candida, Web., Lecid. ..... candida, E.B., Lecid. ..... canescens, Dicks., Lecid.. “ canina, L., Pelt........... .. 101 caperata, L., Parm... capillaris, Ach., Alect. capnodes, Nyl., Verr. .. Caradocensis, Mudd, Lecid. Caradocensis, Leight., Lecid...... 344 carbonacea, Anz., Lecid..... . 851 carbonacea, Anz., Zon. .. 2 carcata, Ach., Clad. cariosa, Flk., Clad. ... 55 carneo-albens, Nyl., eee B65 carneo-glauca, Nyl., Lecid. ...... 366 carneo-lutea, Turn., Lecid. ...... earneola, Ach., Lecid......... .. 867 carnosa, Dicks., Pari.. si carpinea, Scher., Verv.. Carrollii, Mudd, Spher Carrollii, Mudd, Verv.. cartilaginea, Nyl., Verr. ..... 2 cartilaginea, Westr., Sguam...... Cascarille, Fée, Arth.... 418 cataractarum, Mudd, Verr. : cechumena, Tayl., Lecid. ceraniscum, Nyl., Coll... ceranoides, Mudd, Coll. ceranoides, Borr., Coll.. 18 Cerasi, Ach., Verr. ... . 471 Cerasi, Chev., Opeg. . 399 ceratina, Scher., Usn 17 cerebrina, D.C., Opey... . 394 cerebrina, Scher., Lith. 394 cereolinum, Ach., Ster. 72 cerina, Ehrh., Lecan. ... 209 eervina, Pers., Lecan. ...... 169 cervicornis, Scher., Clad Vesatii, Mass., Plac... Cetraria cetrarioides, Del., Parm.. ceuthocarpa, Sm., Pert. ... chalazanum, Ach., Coll. .. chalazanodes, NyL, Coll... chalybeum, Duf., Plac. .. chalybeia, Borr., Lecid. ..... chalybeiformis, Ach., Alect. cheilea, Nyl., Parm........... cheileum, Ach., Coll. ... Chevallieri, Leight., Opeg. Chiodecton ................5 chlarona, Ach., Lecan. chlarotera, Nyl., Leca: chloantha, Ach., Phys chlorina, Fw., Lecan. ... chlorellum, Mudd, Cal. ... ' chlorococea, Leight., Verr........- chloromelum, Sw., Lept.. chlorophea, Flk., Clad. . chlorophea, Hepp., Lecid.. chloropheodes, Nyl., Lecan.. chloropolia, Fr., Lecid. .... chloropoliza, Nyl., Lecid.. chloroscotina, Nyl., Lecid. chlorospora, Nyl., Lecid.... chlorothecia, Tayl., Variol.. chlorotica, Ach., Verr........ chlorotica, Ach., Lecid. .. chloroticula, Nyl., Lecid.. chlorotiza, ‘Nyl., Lecid. .. chlorotropoides, Nyl., Lect chondrodes, Mass. Lecid. .. chordalis, Ach., Clad......... chrysocephalum, Ach., Cal. chrysoleuca, Sm., Squam. .. chrysophthalma, L., Phys.. cicatricicola, Leight., Lecid ciliaris, L., Phys. ciliata, D.C., Parm. ciliata, Tayl., Stict. ... cincinnata, Fr., Alect....... cinnabarina, Wallr., Arth... cinnabarina, T. & B., Arth. cinerascens, Leight., Phys.. cinerascens, Nyl., Lecan.. cinerea, Leight., Sag. ... cinerea, F'w., Lecid.... cinerea, Chev., Opeg... cinerea, Pers., Very... cinerella, Flot., Verr. cinereum, Pers., Cal. . cinereo-pruinosa, Lecan. cinereo-pruinosa, Scher., * cinereo-rufescens, Ach., Lecan.., 197 circinata, Pers., Lecan. ............ Ly circumpallens, Nyl., Lecid......... circumscriptum, Tayl., Stigm. ... 412 circumscripta, Tayl., Verv......... 412 circumscripta, Leight., Saged. ... 412 cirrhochroum, Ach., Plac, ......... 161 citrinella, Ach., Lecid... wo. 866 citrinum, Leight., Cal... 44 citrinum, Ach., Plac. ... 163 Cladina ..csssceressesseee 66 Cladodei . 49 Cladonia 53 Cladoniei. 52 Cladoniarum, a . 388 clavata, Ach., Clad....... 64 clavulifera, Nyl., Lecid.... 255 Clementiana, Acb., Phys. . 139 clopima, Whinb., Verr. ............ 485 eoacervata, Leight., Graph. . 427 coarctata, Leight., Lecid............ 879 coarctata, Sm., Lecid.............06 280 coccifera, Cenom....56. 62. 64. 65.. 66 Coccocarpia 154 coccodes, T. & B.. Isid. .. codonoidea, Leight., Verr. coilocarpa, Ach., Lecan.... columnatula, Nyl., Lecid. Collema i Collemacei Collemei... 530 THE LICHEN-FLORA Collemopsis........0..0..:0:::00ceee 4, 35 | cornucopioides, Fr., Clad. ...62. 65 colleta, Strt., Ver. .. 468 | cornuta, Fr., Clad. ......... eee collina, Ach., Pelt. .. .. 104 | coronata, Ach., Clad. .. colludens, Nyl., Lecid.... . 327 | coronata, Ach., Parm.. commaculans, Nyl., Lecid.. coronata, Flk., Parm... commixtum, Nyl., Plat... corrugata, Hffm., Umb. communis, D.C., Pert... corrugatum, Fr., Cliost. compacta, Kbr., Lecid. coruscans, Ach., Lecan. .. compactum, Ach., Coll... " corticola, Fr., Coniang. complanata, Leight., Lecan....... 205 corticola, Zw., Lecid. .. complicata, Leight., *Lecid......... 304 corticola, Ach., Lecid. complicatum, Sw., End. .. 442 | corticola, Fr., Schiz... complicatum, Schi., Coll.. 21 | Coryli, Chev., Opeg... complicatus, Mudd, Synech. 23 | costata, Flk., Clad. .. compressum, -Ach., Spheer.. 48 | crassa, Del., Ram..... concentrica, Dav., "Lecid. ......... 378 crassa, Huds., Sguam. 157 concentrica, Leight., Parm. ...... 123 | crassum, Dub., Stigm... . 412 concinna, Borr., Vert cee. .. 446 | crenata, Nyl., Lecan. .. . 166 concolor, T. & B., Arth.. concreta, Scher., Lecan. concreta, Leight., Lecid.. concreta, Nyl., Pert....... condensatum, Hffm., Ster.. condyloideum, Ach., Ster. . confcederans, Nyl., Lecid. . confertum, Ach., Coll... confertula, Strt., Lecid. . confinis, Ach., Lich.. confluens, Leight., Lecid. confluens, Web., Lecid. confluens, Ach., Opeg... conformis, Nyl., Verr .. confragosa, Ach., Lecan. confusa, Ny]., Lecid. .. confusior, Nyl., Lecid.. confusula, Nyl., Lecid.. conglobata, Flot., Lecan,. conglobata, Smrf, Tecan, . conglomerata, Fr., Lecid. . eonulomrenatay Hem, Coil. .. 422 crenatula, Nyl, Lecid... .. 192 | crenatula, Dicks., Lecan.. .. 377 crenulata, Wabl., * Lecan.. .. 227 | crenulatum, Nyl., Coll. .. 71 | cretaceum, Sm., Lept... .. 72 | crispa, Ach., Cetr...... .. 812 | crispa, Whlnb., Pelt. .. .. 16 | crispata, Ach., Clad. | 243 | crispum, Huds., Coll. 12 | cristata, Leight., Lecid. ww O16 cristatulum, Nyl., Coll. .. 303 | cristatum, Hees Coll.. . 401 | crocata, L., Sticti . .. 463 | crocea, L., ‘Sol. ...... .. 222 Crombiei, Jones, Lecid. .. .. 247 | crustulata, Ach., Lecid. . .. 298 | cucullata, Del., Clad. .. .. 266 cucullatum, Bell., Plat. .. 178 | cuprea, Mass,, Bil. ..... .. 180 | cuprea, Smrf., Lecid. ..... . 257 | cupreiformis, Nyl., Lecid. 24 | cupreo-rosella, N- yl. , Lecid.. congregata, T. & B. Umb.. “144 cupularis, Ebrh., eta 381 Coniocybe_........ 45 | Curnowii, Cromb., Ram. 90 conoidea, Fr., Verr. .. 460 curtum, Borr., Cal......... coniops, Whinb., Lec .. 818 | curvescens, Mudd, Lecan .. 199 coniopta, Nyl., Lecan.... .. 216 | cuspidans, Nyl., Arth......0..0...... 423 consentiens, Nyl., Lecid. .. 8305 | cuspidata, Ach., Ram. .........89. 90 conspersa, Ehrh., Parm............ 124 | cyanolepra, D.C., Lecan. ......... 210 conspurcata, T. & B., Variol. ... 282 | cyanopolia, Nyl., Lecan.. oe BLE. constrictella, o OP 38 cyclopica, Nyl., Lecid..... .. 374 contexta, Strt., eycloselis, Ach., Parm. .. 136 contigua, Fr., Tend ree cylindrica, L., Umb..... .. 148 contigua, Scher., Lecid.. contiguella, Nyl., Lecid.. continuior, Nyl., Lecid.. contorta, Hffm., Lecan. .... contorticula, Strt., Lecid. contristans, Nyl., Lecid. coracina, Fw., Lecid. .... coracina, Ach., Lecid..... corallinum, T, & B., Jsid.. corallidia, Strt., Lecid. .... coralloidea, Wallr., Plat. coralloides, Pers., Spher. coralloides, Fr., Ster. .... cyrtaspis, ‘Ach., Lecan. be cyrtella, Ach.. ~Tecid. siteaiei .. 341 o dactylina, Ach., Pert. 307 | dactylina, Ach., Jsid. 329 | damecornis, Sw., Stict. .. 876 | dasypoga, Ach., Usn. .. w. 821 dealbata, Acb., Pert. |. .. 228 dealhatula, Nyl., Lecid. . De Candollei, Stiz. » Opeg.. decipiens, Ehrh., Lecid. . 48 | decipiens, Arn., Plac.. 1 : 69 declinans, Nyl., Lecid.. Cornicularia ................ .. 78% | decolorans, Fike. Lecid.. os corniculata, Wallr., Verr.......... 497 decorticata. Flk., Clad. 58. 61 corniculatum, Wallr., Obryz....... 497 | deducta, Nyl., Lecid. Basactar eet 349 bo o a OF GREAT BRITAIN. deformis, Hffm,, Clad............... 63 degenerans, Fik., Clad. ............ 59 delicata, Flk., Clad. ... 55. 61 delicata, Larbal., Lecid............. 371 delimis, Nyl., Lecid.. . 851 Delisei, Scher., Cetr. 92 Delisei, Dub., Parm. .. 129 deludens, Nyl., Lecid... . 823 demarginata, Nyl., Lecid. . 248 dendographa, Nyl., Lith. . 393 dendriscum, Nyl., Leptog. . 13 dendritica, Pers., Parm..... 115 dendritica, Ach., Graph. ds dendriticoides, Leight., Graph... 435 dendriticum, Leight., Hym......... 431 dendriticum, Leight., Stigm.. 413 denigrata, Ach., Opeg.... . 898 denigrata, Fr., Lecid. .. . 834 denticulata, Ach., Umb denudatum, Flk., Ster.. denudata, T. & B., Umb.. deparcula, Nyl., Lecid..... a depauperata, Leight., Lecid.282. 356 depauperata, Kphb., Lecan. ...... 169 depauperata, Leight., Lecid....... 291 depressa, Ach., Lecan........ .. 194 depressa, Cromb., Ram... oe depressa, Leight., Lecid..... dermatinum, Borr., Leptog. . dermatinum, Borr., Coll..... dermatodes, Borr., Verr.. desistens, Nyl., Verr. ..... determinata, Nyl., Parm. detrita, T. & B., Arth.. deusta, Umbil. .. deusta, Stenh., Lecid... devergescens, Nyl., Verr. diamarta, Ach., Lecan..... diaphora, Ach., Opeg... Dicksonii, Ach., Lecan. . 196 diducens, Nyl., Lecid... . 209 difformis, Nyl., Arth. ..... . 425 diffracta, Leight., Graph. diffracta, Ach., Squam. .. ‘diffundens, Nyl., Collemo. diffusa, Leight., Graph. . diffusa, Leizht., Afelan. diffusum, Web., Plat... digitata, Hffm., Clad Dilleniana, Ach., Lec diluta, T. Fr., Biat..... diluta, Pers., Lecid... dilutiuscula, Nyl., Lecid.. diminuta, Arn., Very... diminutula, Nyl., Verr... diphyodes, Nyl., Lecan... ‘diplasiospora, Nyl., Opeg. diplinthia, Nyl., Lecan. .. diploellum, Nyl., Cai... 39 TINA: sent aSaiianovetvotsaes's 226 disciformis, Fr., Lecid.... 317 discoidea, T. & B., Variol.. 233 discolor, Hepp., Lecid. discolorans, Ny yl., Lecid.. discolorella, Nyl., Lecan. discreta, Ach., Lecan. .... dispansa, Nyl., Lecid.........10 248 disparata, Ach., Opeg....cccces 397 dispersa, Leight., Lecid. .. . 282 dispersa, Cromb., Squam. 160 dispersa, Leight., Lecid. 316 dispersa, Pers., Lecan 190 dispersa, Leight., Lec 376 dispersa, Leight., Sguam. .. dispersum, Mudd, Adroth... dissectula, Nyl., Parm. .. dissepta, Nyl., Verr..... dissidens, Nyl., Plac. .. distans, Ach., Lecan. ........060066 divaricata, Leight., Graph.. 429. divergens, Ach., Alect............... 78 divergens, Ach., Cornic id divisa, Leight., Opeg. .. dolichotera, Nyl., Verr, dubia, T. & B., Arth. ... dubia, Borr., Lecid. 260 dubia, Leight., Opeg . 410 dubiella, Nyl., Verr... ATT Dufourei, Del., Sticti. 110 Dufourei, Ach., Lecid 364 Dufourei, D.C., Verr.... ve 446 Duriei, M. & B., Myr. ..0..00..... 37 ecrustacea, Leight., ZLecid. 270. 320. 327 ectanea, Ach., Phys...........0...045 182 effusa, Sm., Lecid...... 2 or Ehbrhartiana, Ach., Lecid. . 342 elaborata, Lyell, Platyg...... . 414 elachistophora, Nyl., Verr......... 454 elacista, Ach., Lecid. .. 281 eleina, Borr., Ver. . 462 elzochroma, Ach. LZ: .. 269 eleodes, Leight., Verv.. .. 479 elassosporum, Nyl., Cal.. . 41 elatina, Ach., Lecan..... .. 228 elatior, Ach., Ram. ... . 88 elegans, Leight., Aulac. . 427 elegans, Sm., Graph. ... . 427 elegans, Nyl., Phys.... .. 189 elegans, Link., Plac... . 163 selegans, Borr., Opeg... « BUF elegans, Deak., Stict. 110 elliptica, Xyl., Wyi.... 391 elongata, Ach., Clad. ... 58 elongata, Leight., Graph. 432 elongatula, Nyl., Verr. emplecta, Ach., Ram. encausta, Sm., Parm. .. enclitica, Nyl., Lecid. .. endiviefolia. Fr., Clad. Endocarpon .........cceceeeeeeeeees 8. 441 endochlora, Leight., Parm. .. 130 entococcina, Kbr., Phys..... 142 endococcoidea, Nyl., Verr.. . 493 endocyanea, Strt., Lecid.. . 243 endoleuca, Leight., Lecid. . 863 endoleuca, Nyl., Lecid. .. . 367 endomelena, Leight., Lccid . 247 endopella, Leight., Lecid. .. . 261 enterochlora, Tayl., Lecid.. . 271 enteroleuca, Ach., Lecid.. . 263 epanora, Ach., Lecan... 189 Hphebe.........ee 4, 10 532 THE LICHEN-FLORA cpieye, 2 Ach., Lecan. Piconiodei................ epidermidis, Ach., Veiv.. epigeea, Ach., Lecan, .... .. 164 epigea, Pers., Vern.. Se epigea, Pers., Spheer. epigea, Ach., Verv...... sens 446 epigzoides, Nyl., Verr. .. 477 epimarta, Nyl., Lecid.. . 266 epipasta, Ach., Arth. .. . 420 epipasta, Ach., Opeg. ...sesseceeee 420 epipastoides, Nyl., Arthas. 423 epiphorbia, Strt., Tevid.......-- 388 epipolea, Leight, Vern. i epipolia, Ach., Lecid. ....... epipolytropa, Mudd, Ver... epipolytropum, Mudd, Theli...... episema, Nyl., Lecid. . weve 885 epithallinum, Leight, ‘Theloc. we. 439 epixantha, Nyl., Lecans oss “ epulotica, ‘Ach., Lecan. ... .. 197 erosa, Borr., Phys.......... é erosa, Web., Umb....... erratica, Mass., Ver'r..... erraticum, Mass., Ticho. erraticus, Nyl,, Endo..... erysibe, Ach., Lecan. .... erysiboda, Tayl., Very. erysiboides, Nyl., Lecid erythrella, Ach. , Lecan.. escharoides, Ebrh. .» Lecid. eucarpa, Nyl., Lecan. . Eulecanorei ..... euplocum, Ach., End. eusporum, Nyl., COL. seve eutypa, Ach., Graph. . a GVORMIA i...ccccaicensssosees » 81 evernioides, Nyl., Ram. . 88 evolutum, Grew., Ster. 72 exanthematica, Sm., Lecid. 355 exanthematica, Leight., Thel. ... 355 exasperata, Ach., Par tteccccees 115 exasperata, T. &B., Oimby... cee excelsa, Leight., Lecid. excentrica, Ach’, Lecid.. excipienda, Nyl., Arth. . * exiguum, Nyl., End.... exilis, Lightf., Lich... 10 expallens, Ach., Lecan. . .. 184 expansa, Nyl., Lecid. .... .. 248 explanatula, Nyl., Lecan. 188 extensa, Clad...i........605 1. 62 faginea, L., Pert. esi " fahlunense, L., Plat. . 96 fallax, Hepp, ‘Lecid.. .. 342 fallax, Pers., Pert... ». 231 fallax, Web., Plat. ~ 98 fallax, Nyl., Terr... + 464 farinacea, L., Ram. . 85 farinosa, “Ach., Lecid. . 865 fasciculare, L., Coll. 24 fascicularis, L Lich, .. . 24 fastigiata, T. & B., Pert .. 236 fastigiata, Pers., Ram... ox 86 fastigiatum, T. & B., Tsid. 236 fecunda, T. M. Fr., ‘Levi. 374 fecundum, T. M. Fr., Lopad. ... 374 ferrata, Nyl., Lecid....... .. 377 ferruginea, Huds., Lecan. ferrugineum, Borr., Cal.. festiva, Ach., Lecan.. fibula, Tuck., Pilo. ......+ filiformis, Hook., Cenom. fimbriata, Hffm., Clad... fimbriata, T.& 8B., Umb.... fimbriatula, Strt. , Physe.... fimbriatum, Hffm., a » firmum, Nyl., Lept... fissa, Tayl., Vern. fissum, eight., End. flaccidum, “Ach. ‘ Coll. flavens, Nyl., Lecid.... flavicans, Sw., Physe. . flavicunda, Ach., Lecid. . flavida, Hepp, Ei flexella, Ach. oe flexuosa, Fr., abi. ie said flexuosa, Leig ‘ht., Graph flocculosa, ulf., Umd.. Florkeana, Fr., Clad. . florida, L., Ueno Flotoviana, Hepp., Collem Flotoviana, Hepp, Ver...... Flotovii, Korb., Lecid. ... fluctigena, Nyl. Verv.. fluviatile, Tayl., Coll. 31 fluviatile, Huds., Lept 32 fluviatile, D.C., End. 442 fossarum, Duf., Lecid. 383 foveolaris, Ach., Lecid. . 359 foveolaris, Ach., Ure. . . 359 fragile, Tayl., Lept..... 27 fragile, Pers., Spher. . we 49 fragrans, Sm., Lept.....c00e... 30 fraxinea, L., Ram. 85. 86. Friesiana, Hepp, Biat... . 371 Friesii, Ach., Lecvd. .. 245 frigida, Ach, Lecan. ...... .. 175 frustulosa, Dicks., Lecan, . 179 fuciformis, Ach., Roce. ... fugiens, Nyl., Lecan. ... fulgens, Sw., "Pla. .... fuliginea, Ach., Lecid. fuliginosa, Tayl., Lecid. . fuliginosa, Dicks., Sticti .. fuliginosa, Dub., Pann, ... fulva, L., Conioc. ......... fumago, Wallr., Verr.... fumosa. Ach., Lecid. fumosaria, Leight, Vern. furcata, Hffm. eat furfuracea, role Conioc. furfuracea, Mann., Ever. furfuracea, Scheer., Pann furfurea, Nyl., Py "Nd. 14 furfurella, N. yl, Collem 35- furvella, Nyl., Lecid. a ig furvescens, Nyl., Verv. . 481 furvula, Nyl., Lecid... ie DIS. furvum, ‘Ach., Coll. ... wa fusca, Mass., Lecan. 210 fusca, Mass., Arth. ... 416. fusca, Scher., Lecid... 267 fuscala, Schrad., Lecan.......... 171 OF GREAT BRITAIN. fuscatula, Nyl., Pyren. oo... 14 fuscella, Schzer., Lecan. . wie fuscella, Fr., Lecid. .... fuscella, Turn., Vern. .... fuscescens, Smrft., Lecan. . fuscescens, Leight., Lecid.... fuscoargillacea, Anz., Polybd. fuscoargillacea, Anz., Verr. ...... fusco-atra, Ach., Lecid. ......s00.0 fusco-cinerascens, Nyl., Verr. fusco-cinerea, Nyl., Lecid.. fusco-lutea, Dicks,, Lecid, . fuscoluteolina, Mudd, Lecan. fuscorubens, Nyl., Lecid. ... fusiformis, Leight., Verr. .... galactina, Ach., Arth..... galactina, Ach., Lecan. .... galactinaria, Leight., Arth. . gangalea, Ach., Lecan. gangaleoides, Nyl., Lecan.. arovaglii, Mnt., Verr. .. gelatinosa, Chev., Mela. gelatinosa, Chev., Avth... gelatinosa, Flk., Lecid. gelida, L., Squaim........ geminata, Fw., Lecid. geminatum, T. Fr., Rhiz. gemmata, Ach., Verr...... gemmifera, ‘Tayl., Verr gemmifera, Nyl., Endoc.. gemmifera, Mudd, Jicroth . 495 geniculata, Tayl., Ram. .. 90 geographica, L., Lecid. .. on Ole geoica, Whinb., Lecid..... ax Boe gerontica, Ach., Lecid.. .. 874 gibba, Wahl., Lecid..... . 293 gibbosa, Ach., Lecan. .. .. 193 glabrata, Ach., Lecan.. . 186 glabrata, Ach., Verr. AT9 glaucina, Ach., Very. .. .. 453 glaucocarnea, Nyl., Lecan...... .. 221 glaucocarpa, Whinb., Lecan...... 168 glaucolepidea, Nyl., Lecid.. . 243 glaucoma, Hffm., Lecan..... . 204 glaucomaria, Nyl., Lecid. ......... 389 glaucomaria, Nyl., Arth..... -- 426 glaucopsora, Nyl., Lecan. . 218 glaucum, L., Plat........... 97 glebulosa, Sm., Lecid. . 281 globifera, Ach., Lecid... 241 globulifera, Turn., Pert. 233 globulosa, Flk., Lecid.. 334 glomerata, Schl., Pert..... » 22T glomerulosa, Nyl., Lecid. .. . 270 glomerulosum, Tayl., Coil.. 37 glomulifera; Berr., Pert... 234 glomulifera, Lightf., Ricas. 112 glomulifera, Cromb., Parm 126 Glyphis «8. 436 gonatodes, Ach,, Lecan. .. 176 Gonionema 3 9 Gomphillus 5. 50 gothica, T, M. Fr., Verr. .-. 490 gothica, T. M. Fr., Polyd. . 490 gracilis, Hffm., Clad. ... duow Oe gracilis, Mudd, Clad.. . 54. 59 gracilis, Ach., Evern..........- wee 83 granatiua, Smrft., Pyren. ........ 15 grandinosa, Ach., Lecan. granulatus, Sm., Lich.. granulatum, Sw., Coll.. granuliterum, Nyl., Coll.. granuliforme, Nyl., Coll.. granulosa, Leight., Lecan. Graphidei .............04. graphidioides, Li Graphis ............+ Griffithii, Sm., Lich. grisea, Sw., Umb....... : 147 grisella, Flk., Lecid 294 grossa, Pers., Lecid...... . 828 grumosa, Leight., Lecid.. grumulosa, Duf., Opeg. .. gypsacea, Ach., Ure..... gyrocarpa, Zw., Opeg. gyrocheila, Nyl., Pert . 232 Gyrophorei .............. 6 gyrosum, Ach., Coll... 21 ageni, Ach., Lecan. . 192 hemalea, Smrft., Pyren.. 15. hemaleum, Smrft., Coll..... . 1b hematites, Chaub., Lecan... ..... 212 hematomma, Ehrh., Lecan. . 224 hematopis, Smrft., Pyren.. . 14 halizoa, Leight., Verr...... we 461 halophila, Nyl., Verr. weve 445 hapalea, Ach., Opeg... .. 899 hapaleoides, Nyl., Opeg. .. 408: haplotella, Nyl., Verv... . 495 Harrimanii, Korb., Very. .. 476 Hedwigii, Leight., Ena... .. 444 helicopis, Whlnb., Lecan. ......... 219 Hellbomii, Lahm., Lecid. 249 hemiplodum, Nyl., Cal. ... 43 hemipoliella, Nyl., Lecid. ieee COD hemipolioides, Nyl., Lecid......... 356 Henrica, Larb., Lecid... . ......... 298 Henschelianum, Korb,, Sphero. 489 Henschelianum, Korb., Sporo... 489 Henscheliana, Korb., Ver. ...... 489 hepaticum, Ach., End...... weve 443 Heppii, Naeg., Lecan. det aD herbacea, Huds., Ricas. 113 herbarum, Hepp., Lecid. 372 herbarum, Mont., Opeg. 399 herbicola. Nyl., Opeg.... 406 herbidula, Nyl., Lecid. 357 herpetica, Ach., Opeg....... 396 hetairizans, Leight., Verr. 493. heteromorpha, Hepp., Opeg. 402 Hibernicum, Nyl., Weph. . 100 Hibernica, Nyl., Arth...... . 418 hirsuta, Cromb., Parm. ee 127 hirta, L., Usn. ........0 16 Hoffmanni, Ach., Lecan... 193 Hoffmanni, Leight., Lecid 301 holocarpa, Ehrh., Lecan... 211 holochrodes, Nyl., Ver. 476 holomelena, Flk., Lecid 360 holomeloides, Nyl., Lecid. 333 holophea, Mnt., Lecan. 217 homeopsis, Nyl., Pyren... at homalotropa, Nyl., Lecid. homopis, Nyl., Lecan........ee 174 534 Hookerii, Borr., Lecid. ...........- 322 horistica, Leight., Verr. ......408. 482 horiza, Ach., TeeCU Nie eine owes: 186 horizontalis, ‘Teight., fame Savas 428 horizontalis, L., = horrescens, Tayl., ae humicolor, Nyl., Verr.. humilis, Ach., Ram.. humosa, Ehrh,, Lecid... humosa, Leight. , Leecid. ... Hutchinsie, Nyi., Lecan. ... Hutchinsie, T. & B., Pert. Hutchinsiz, Leight., Stigm. Hutchinsia, T. & B., Thelot...... 234 Hutchinsie, Leight., Platyg. ... 413 hyalinella, Nyl., Conioc....... a hyalinescens, Nol. Lecid. 356 hydrela, Ach., aa hydrocharum, hh Coll. hydrophila, Fr., Lecid... hymeneum, ‘I’. &B., Thelot....... hymenina, Ach., Pelt 0... ... 104 hymenogonia, Nyl, Vern. i hypnorum, Vahl., Psor....... hypnophila, Nyl., Lecid. hyperborea, Ach., Umb. hyperellum, Ach., Cal. 42 hypergenum, Nyt, Coll. 21 hyperiza, Strt., Lecid. 323 hyperopta, Ach., Parm. 119 ee Ach., Parm. 139 ophea, Nyl., * Lecan....... . 172 ae ophilus, Ehrh., Beom. 52 icterica, Tayl., Lecan....... wv 208 ilicina, Tayl., "arth... es ilicinella, Nyl., ‘Arth. . illecebrosa, Fr., Lecana.. illusoria, Ach., "Tecan. Imbricariei ............... 6 immersa, Kbr., Zecan.... 221 immersa, Leight., Verr.. 460 impolita, Leight., Arth..... ., 494 imponens, Leight., Lecid. . a ressula, Leight., Lecid...324, 379 pina, Ach., “Lecan....... . 207 incarnate, Leight., 2 Pert. .. 235 incavata, Nyl., 476 incompta, Borr., fe incrassata, Nyl., Ram... 89 incrustans, D.C., Lecan. .. 203 picury a, Pers., Parm..... ... 129 indigula, NyL, Lecid. . . 307 infidula, Nyl. meee 5 .. 248 innata, Nyl., sia .. 494 inquinata, Beh Pert, wee 285 inserena, Nyl., Tecid.... .. 280 insiliens, Larb., Verr... .. 484 insignis, Naeg., Lecid.... .. 314 insinuata, Stirt., Arth .. 423 inspersa, Tul., Lecid, .. 387 insularis, NyL, Lecid.. .. 246 integra, Nyl., Verr........ 457 intercedens, NyL, Verr.. 487 interjecta, Nyl., Lecid. . 306 interjecta, Leight., Lith. 394 interludens, NylL, Lecid 292 intermedia, Hepp. i Lecid. . .. 368 THE LICHEN-FLORA intermediellum, Nyl., Theloc. ... 439 intermedium, Arn., Lepé. ......... 23 intermedia, Del., Ram. .. 90 intermixta, NyL, Lecid.. 329 interpolata, Sirt., Lecid... 326 intricata, Desf., Parm. 133 intricata, Del., Stict. ... 108 intumescens, Reb., Lecan. 186 intumescens, Flot., Lecid. inumbrata, NylL., Verr. ... inundata, Nyl, Verr. . inundata, Fr., Lecid. . inusta, Ach., ‘Graph ee inustula, NyL., Graph...... involuta, Wallr., la involuta, Kbr., Zw.. involuta, Nyl., Opeg. ee involuta, Wallr., Opeg. involuta, Tayl , *Lecid... irrigua, Tayl., Verv..... isidioides, orr., Lecan. isidioides, Borr., Verr... islandica, L., ischnobela, NyL, Melan...... jacobeifolium, Schr., Coll. Jubata, L., Alect. juniperinum, L., Plat. jurana, Scher., "Lecid. Kaleida, Tayl., Lecid kermesina, NylL, Arth. Kylemoriense, Larb., Cal. Kochiana, Hepp., Lecid... labrosa, Ach., Parm. .... laburni, Leight., Ver... labyrinthica, Ach., Clap lacera, Leight., LoS lacerum, Ach. lachneum, eS Pra. laciniosa, Duf., Phys... lactea, Flk., Lecid. .... lactea, Korb., Sag. .... lactea, Mass., Lecan. .... lactea, T. & B., Variol. . lactea, Korb., Verr..... lactea, Mass., Aspic. . lactescens, Mudd, Pert. . lacunosum, Nyl., Plat. . lacustris, Wi ; Lecan. | letevirens, Lightf., RIC. seaves letevirens, T& B, Norm. letevirens, T. & B., Verr.. letevirens, Leight., ” End. levata, Ach., Vert... levigata, Sm, Parm .... levigata, Leight., Lecid. .. 297 .. 212 . of 80 156 .. 289 .. £16 lapidicola, Tayl., Lecid... ... 416 Larbalastierii, Leight., Verr, 471 Larbalastierii, Leight., Lith,...... 394 laricicola, Nyl., Xyl. wo... *391 OF GREAT BRITAIN, 535 lasiella, Stirt., Parm. . 153 [{ limosa, Acb., Lecid. ow... 252 latebrosa, Kbr., Verr . 448 | limosum, Ach,, Coil... ae 19 latiusculum, Nyl., Ze; . 29 linearis, Leight., Verv............... 475 latypea, Ach., Lecid.. . 270 | Lismorense, Cromb. Pteryg....... 12 latypiza, Nyl., Lecid. . 270 | lithinum, Leight., nd........ we 485 Laureri, Hepp., Lecid. ... 329 | Lithographa...........4... 393 Laureri, Hepp., Catill. ... ... 829 | lithophila, Ach., Lecid..... 290 Lavreri, Flot., Theloc. ... 439 | lithophiliza, Nyl., Lecid... 292 lavata, Fr., Lecid. ...... ae lithophilodes, Nyl., Lecid, ... 290 lecanodes, Nyl., Lecid lithotea, Ach., Physe... ..........65 137 Lecanora lithyrga, Acb., Opeg...... ‘J 401 Lecanorei . lithyrgodes, Nyl., (0), 409 Lecidea ... litoralis, Tayl., Verr..... ... 470 Lecideinei .................. littorella, Nyl., Lecid.... . 339 lecideoides, Nyl., Lecan. ne livescens, Leight., Lecid. gn OAD lectissima, Fr., Verr. ......... ee 478 livida, Ach., Zecan.......... ... 190 Leightoniana, Larb., Lecid. ...... 368 | lobulatum, Smrf., Plac. . 161 Leightonii, Cromb., Opeg.......... 409 | longius, Nyl., Odont...... 389 leioplaca, Ach., Pert. .... .. 234 denen Ach., Lept. 1. 29 leiotea, Nyl., Lecid........ lubens, Nyl., Lecia.:... + 866 lenticularis, Ach., Lecid. lucens, Tayl., Verr.. «.. 482 lentigera, Web., Sguam.. lucida, Ach., Lecid.. . 254 lentiginosa, Lyell., Opeg... lugubris, Smrf., Zecid. .. 246 lentiginosula, Nyl., Opeg. . lurida, Sw., Lecid.... .. 244 lepadinum, Ach., Thel. .... lurida, Ach., Arth........... . 414 lepadolemma, Ach., Lecan. lusitanicum, Scher., Weph... 100 leprosa, Leight., Lecid.... leprosa, Leight., Lecid. . leprosa, Nyl., Lecan. .... a lutea, Dicks, Lecid.......... “341 ... 320 | luteella, Nyl., Lecid.-. ais . luteola, Ach., Zecid... leptacina, Smrft., Lecan. os luteoalba, Ach., Lecan 211 leptalea, Ach., Physe..... Ses luteo-atra, Nyl., Lecid... 293 leptalea, D.R., Verr. . ie luteorosella, Nyl., Lecid. . 340 leptaleella, Nyl., Ver lutescens, T, & B., Isid.. 231 Leptogidium................. lutescens, D. C., Lecan.. 184 leptogiella, Nyl., Collem. ......... lutosa, Mnt., Lecid...,. . 826 Leptogium wed, lutulata, Nyl., Lecid... leptomerea, Smrft., Lecid. ...... 360 | lychnea, Ach., Physc.. leptophylla, Flk., Clad......... 55. 57 yellii, Sm., Graph. Jeptophyllum, Ach., End. ... 442 | Lyellii, Sm., Opeg. leptospora, Ny .. Verr.. 484 | Lyellii, Leight., C, leptostigma, Nyl., Lecid. . 385 | lygea, Ach., Lecid. leucoblephara, Nyl., Lecid. 351 | lyncea, Sm., Opeg....... Jeucocephala, E. B. S., Verr...... 354 | macilenta, Hffm,, Clad. . . 638 leucocephala, Leight., Pyven. ... 354 | macrostoma, Duf., Verr. . .. 454 leucoclinella, Nyl., Lecid.......... 325 macularis, Leight., Graph. «- 4382 leucolepis, Inb., Parm. ...... 151 | mestula, Nyl., Lecid. .... .. 268 leucomela, L., Phys. .........00006 138 | majus, Leight., Odont. 390 Jeucophza, Fik., Lecan. ... 178 | malacea, Ach., Pelt.... 102 leucophziza, Nyl., Lecan.......... 178 | malangica, Nom., Leca; we 215 leucophzopsis, Nyl., Lecid. ...... 364 | mamillaris, Gou., Lecid...... wee 245 leucophyma, Leight., Lecan...... 188 mamillifera, Strtn., Lecan......... 201 Jeucoplaca, Chev., Lecid............ 328 | margacea, Wh)., Verr.........446. 493 leucoplaca, Leight., Lecid. ...... 347 | margaceum, Whl., Thel.......... 447 leucospeirea, Nyl., Lecan.......... 218 | margaritacea, Ach., Lecid we 847 leucostigma, Leight., Lecid. ...... 344 | marginale, Huds., Col... . 21 Lichenacei, ......ccccseeceeee 1,2. 37 | marginalis, Huds., Lich... . 20 Lichina ........ . 4 11 | marginata, T. & B., Arth.......... 422 Lichinei ...............05 1, 3 | marginata, Scher, Lecid........... 289 lichinodeum, Nyl., Coll. .. 15 | marina, Deak, Verv........ 477 Lightfootii, Sm., Lecid.... . 333 | marina, Deak, Sag. ......... . 477 ligniaria, Ach., id. . 362 | maritima, Smrf., Lecan... .. 219 ‘lignyota, Fr., Patel... . 416 | maura, Whinb., Verr...... 1» 449 Heniata, Ach,, Ram.... . 87 mauroides, Scher, Verv.... . 450 limbata, Smri., Sol. : 107 | medians, Nyl., Lecan... 189 limbata, Sm., Sticti. ...- 108 | megaspora, Nyl., Verr.. 466 limborina, Nyl., Rim. .... 438 | meiococca, Nyl., Lecid.. . 277 limitata, Leight., LC ecvswerncacess 299 } meiosperma, Nyl., Lecid...,....... 322 536 meiospora, Nyl., meiosporiza, Nyl., Lecid... a eg tes hss melacarpa, Ny n melenum, Ach., Coll... melaleuca, Sm., Pert .. . melanocephalum, Nyl., “Cal... melanochroza, Leight., Lecid..... 265 melanophea, Fr., “Le és melanopheum, Ach., Cal.. . 41 melantera, Ach., Arth... .. 419 melaphana, Nyl., Lecid.. .. 306 melanaspis, ch., Lecan. . 201 Melanotheca......... . 490 melaspermella, N: 416 Melaspilea ........ 436 melena, Nyl., Le .. 853 melastigma, Tayl., Lec . 331 melathelia, Nyl., Vern... .. 478 melathelia, Nyl.; te . 478 melina, Kmphr., Lecid...... . 263 mesenteriformis, Walt Une .. 148 mesoidea, ay Lecid... .. 350 mesotropa, Nyl., Lecid. . .. 280 mesotropa, N 1 Verr. .... .. 459 mesotropiza, yh Lecid. .. 275 mesotropoides, Ny. ‘L, Lecid. 282 metabolica, Ach., Teen iene metamorphea, Nyl., Lecid. Metzleri, Korb., 88 micrantha, Kbr., eres : micro By Dav. 5 VERT 08 ‘ microcephala, Nyl., Pees . 38 microcephalum, te. ‘al. . 38 . microcoeca, Korb., pe) .. 257 microlobum, Nyl., Coll. . 1 22 microphylla, Sw., Parm.. . 152 microphyllum, Ach., Coll. . 26 microscopicum, N: yi. 3 Lept. . « 34 microsporoides, Nyl., Verr. ...... 445 microstictica, Leight., Verr....... 492 microsticticum, T. & B., Isid. ... 228 microstigma, T.& B., Arth ...... 422 micula, Flot., Verr.. Se aria, Fr., *Lecid...., .. 362 milvina, b., Lecan .. 216 miniatum, L., End... 441 miniatum, Hitm., Plac. miniatum, L., Lich.. minor, Cromb., Coll. 22 minor, Hffm., Lecid. 304 minor, Nyl., Tecid. . 259 minor, Cromb., Lept. 31 minuscula, Nyi., Alect. . 81 minuta, Scher., Lecid... .. 264 minuta, Mass., "Bat Scgane .. 340 minuta, Leight., Graph. . 428 minutula, epp, Buel... .. 316 misella, Nyl., Lecid...... . 265 miserrimum, Nyl., Mue. -. 438 mixta, Fr., Biat. ......... .. 837 modesta, Nyl., Verr. 1, 492 mollis, Whinb. , Lecid. .. 280 monocarpon, Duf., GOs ceseines 20 Monophragmia, Nyl, Lecid...... 364 monophylla, Cromb., Ram. ...... 88 Montagnei, Flot., Lecid, 2. 377 THE LICHEN-FLORA montana, Nyl., Lecid.........000 monticola, Nyl., Lecid.. ai Mooreana, Carr., Lecid. Moorei, Leight., Let. : morio, Lecid. .... Mosigii, ‘Ach., Lesid........ Mougeotii, Scheer., Parm.. mucosa, Whl., Vern. Mnuddii, Salw., Biat. Mullensis, Strt., Lecid. | multifida, ’ Schzer., Parm. . multifidum, Scher., Coll. multipartitum, Sm., Coll.” multipunctata, Taorn., Perte civics multipunctata, Turn., Variol.... 236 muralis, Ach., Verr. 45 . 491. 470 muralis, Leight., Verr. murina, Ach., murina, Leight., Verr muricata, Ach., Cetr. . 93. meurorum, N: aes. a 348 murorum, Hffm., Plac. ... 160 muscicola, NylL, Lecid. .. 368 muscicolum, w., Lept. ...... . 34 muscigena, Whlnb., sche . 186 muscorum, Sw., Lecid. «........... 370 muscorum, Ach., Pann... «x 2B5 muscorum, Schzr., Pelt. . .. 105 mutabilis, Fee., Lecid .. vex OOF mutabilis, Borr., Verr,. .. 448 Mycoporum... we 8. 4387 Myriangei..... wile Myriangiacei . 1 64 Myriangiun ....... we OF Myrini, Fr., Lecan. . . 173 myriocarpa, D.C; 9 Lecid. .. 319 myriocarpa, Del., Pann. . . 154 myriocarpa, Hey D, Verr... . 456 myriocarpella, Nyl., Arth. . 418 myriococcum, Ach., Coll. . . 16 myriospora, Leight., Verr. .. 499 myrmecina, Fr., Lecid. . .. 245. Negelii, Hepp, Lecid. .. 845 nanum, Ach., Ster. . x nebulosa, Hffm., «, Pann.. .. 153 neglecta, Ave .. 276 neottizans, Leight., Perr... 497 Nephromei cabtnaeeepanaennieauiaa 2.6. 98 Nephromium.......... 6. 99 nigra, Huds., Pann. 154 nigra, Ach., Coll. .... 154 nigrata, Leight., Ve 449- nigrata, NyL, Verr.. 489 nigrata, Mudd, Sphero. 3 .. 489 nigrescens, Huds., Coll. . 24 nigrescens, Pers., "Vern... . 450 nigricans, Ach., "Alect... . 78 nigricans, Arn., * Lecid... . 336 nigricans, Leight., Pann. . . 153 nigrificans, Nyl., Lecid. ... «22 nigrita, Leight., Opeg....... ... 893 nigrita, Lei ht., Lecid. ... w. 271 nigritella, Nyl., Verr.... .. 497 nigritula, Nyl., Lecid. . 821 nigro-clavata, Nyl., Lecid.......... 336 nigroglomerata, Leight., Lecan.. ve nitescens, Salw., Verr.......ccccc00 OF GREAT BRITAIN, nitescens, Leight., Lecid. nitida, Weig., Ver. nitida, Scher, Lecid. nitidella, Flk., Verr. . nitidula, Nyl., Lecid. nivale, L., Plat.......... 93 nivalis, Kbr., Callop. . 217 nivalis, Nyl., Lecan.... 217 nivalis, Korb., Lecan.. 27 nobilis, Fr., Lecid . 801 nolens, Nyl., Pert. 235 Normandina .......... 440 notabilis, Nyl., Lecid. . 802 notha, Ach., Opeg. .. . 404 nudum, Scher, Coll..... 20 obliterata, Leight., Lecid . 285 obliteratum, Pers., Plac.. . 162 oblongans, Nyl., Collem 36 obscura, Ehrh., Physe. . 186 obscurata, Ach., Lecid. .. . 377 obscurata, Scher., Lecid. . 877 obscurata, Ach., Parm. .. . 118 obscuratum, Kbr., Rhiz... . 377 obscurior, Cromb., Lecid. . 291 obsoleta, Nyl., Lecid...... . 809 obtusa, Leight, Graph. . 431 obtusata, Ach., Clad... 68 ocellata, Lecid. ......... . 815 occulta, Korb., Lecid. . 825 ochracea, Duf., Arth. ... . 418 ochracea, Mudd, Aspic. . 195 ochracea, Scher, Lecan. 193 ochracea, Scher, Lecan. . 208 ochracea, Ach., Lecid.... . 279 ochracea, Hepp., Lecid. . 251 ochracea, Leight., Lecid... 290 ochrocheila, Nyl., Opeg.... 400 ochrocheila, Leight., Opeg 406 ochrococca, Nyl., Lecid.... 257 ochroleuca, Ehrh., Alect. 79 ochrophora, Nyl., Lecid... 383 ochrostoma, Leight., Sag. . 455 ochrostoma, Borr., Ver... 454 ochrostoma, Korb., Lecan... 174 ochrothalamia, Nyl., Mel. 436 oculata, Dicks., Lecan... 173 oculatum, T. & B., Isid 236 Odontotrema ............... 389 deri, Sm., Lecan. . 196 Cideri, Web., Lecid. 349 olivacea, Borr., Verr . 483 olivacea, L., Parm. .... 129 olivacea, Leight., Parm............ 123 olivetorum, Ach., Parm. 121 omphalodes, L., Parm. . 127 Opegrapha .........cccceeceeee 895 opegraphina, Ach., Arth. ... 423 opegraphina, Leight., Lecid. 321 ophthalmiza, Nyl., Pert. ......... 238 oribata, Nyl., Lecid. 372 ornata, Smrf., Lecid. . 281 orosthea, Ach., Lecan.... 183 orphneilla, Stirt., Lecid. aie ostreata, Hffm., Lecid wa 24 ostreatiformis, Leight., Clad. ... 64 oxydata, Leight., Lecid. ...304. 336 oxyspora, Tul., Lecid. 384 oxyspora, Nyl., Verr..... 481 pachycarpa, Duf., Lecid. . . 361 pallens, Nyl., Xyl. ....... 391 pallescens, L., Lecan. 202 pallida, Fr., Conio. .. 46. pallida, Ach, Vern... pallidum, Ach., End. .. palmatum, Huds., Lept aL pammicta, Strt., Lecid. . 283. anzola, Ach., Lecid... 284 ANNALS csisseissntsDeaicddeninns spew sx ese 150 Pannariei..............6000 150 pannariellum, Nyl., Fter. .. 12 panniformis, Ach., Parm. ~ 128 papillaria, Duf. Pycn. .. . 52 papillosa, Ach., Verv.... . 447 paradoxum, Borr., Spil. 10 paradoxum, T. & B., Is . 228 paralia,; Nyl., Avth.... 421 parallela, Leight., Graph. . 427 parallela, Ach., Opeg...... . 891 parallela, Leight., Opeg. 399 parallela, Ach., Xyi..... . 891 parasema, Ach., Lecid. ... 268 parasemoides, Nyl., Arth. 426 parasitica, Mach., Ceno. 55 parasitica, Flk., Lecid. ... 387 parasiticus, Hook., Scyph. 55: parecha, Ach., Baom....... 54 parella, L., Decan....... 201 parellaria, Nyl., Lecid. 387 parietina, L., Hhyse. a ded arile, Ach., Weph.. 99 arisiensis, Nyl., Le . 185. arissima, Nyl., Lecid. 256. i 16, 114 Parmeliarum, Smrf., Lecid....... 386 Parmeliei. ...........ccececeeeees 2. 6. 107 parmelioides, Cromb., Alect....... 81 parmularia, Berk., Astro.... ...... 499 parmularia, Berk., Sph.. 499 particularis, Nyl., Lecid. . 386 paschale, Ach., Ster....... 70 patellulata, Nyl., Arth 416 Patersoni, Sirt., Mel... . 437 paucula, Nyl., Lecid. . 249 pedatula, Nyl., Leci 277 pelidna, Ach:, Lecid. 360 pelidniza, Nyl., Lecid.. 360 peliscypha, Whln,, Lec . 172 pellita, Ach., Gyr... 146 pelobotrya, Whlinb., Lecan. 195 pelobotrya, Whinb., Ure. ......... eee, NYyliy Vers: ccgetocs easiness eltided. 0... peltophora, Strt., Verr. . peralbella, Nyl., Lecan. . 206 percena, Mudd., Lecan.. 168 erforata, Wulf., Parm.. 125 eridiei. peripherica, Tayl., Verr. perlata, L., Parm. .: perluta, Nyl., Lecid. . perminuta, Deak., Verr. perobscura, Nyl., Lecid.... 538 THE LICHEN-FLORA perpusilla, Rahs VOY siccseavnesiees 495 | poliophea, WhlInb., Lecan. ...... 200 perpusilla, Nyl., Endo. ............ 496 | pollinaria, Ach., Ram. ..... . 87 ersimilis, Nyl., Lecid.. .387. 389 | polospora, Leight., Lecid. 7 ersoonii, Ach., Opeg .. ..... £03 | polyantha, Tay i ‘Tecid... perspersa, Nyl., *Lecan..... «.. 190 polydactyla, Flk., Clad... pertenuis, Leight., Verr.. . 476 polydactyla, Hfm., Pelt. ertusa, Schr., Parm.. 2 120 polymorpha, Ach., "Ram.. . 86 : rtusa, Ach., Por. . 229 | polyphylla, L., Umb ..... ‘ es ‘7, 226 | polyphyllum, Nyl., Lept. . 226 | polyrhiza, L., Umb. ...... see 146 .... 375 | polysita, Sirt., Lecid... wa. 368 ‘ . 878 | polysticta, Borr., Verr. . we $53 7 . 393 polythecia, Tayl., Variol PS sardesas( OO: petra, Ach., Opeg... . 893 | polytropa, Ehrh., . 180 petrina, Nyl., Graph.. inte ... 427 | populneum, D.B., atte 4b pezizoidea, Ach., Lecid.... 375 populorum, Mass., Cod descecais, OEE pezizoides, Web., Pann.. .. 151 | populorum, Mass., Dipl. ......... 347 phacodes, Korb., Lecid...,... .. 863 | porriginosus, Turn., Lecid. ...... 369 pheocephalum, Borr., Cal......... 89 | porinifurmis. Nyl., "Tecan .. .. 203 pheops, Nyl., Lecaa........... ... 181 | porinoidea, Flot., Lecan... 194 phlogina, Ach., Lecan. ... 213 | portentosa, Duf., Clad..... 67 PALY Chis: ceiseasseanaes wes . 237 | postuma, NyL, Lecid. 349 phycopsis, Ach., Roce. .. 74 | precavenda, Nyl., Lecid. 323 eee Nyl., Pyr..... .. 14 | preponens, yl Lecid. 316 ylliscocarpa, NyL, Tati estas 312 | prepostera, ae Lecan 173 Phyllodei... oe 2.6. 98 | prerimata, Ny: _ Lecid. 282 ... 253 | prasina, Fr., - 261 » 130 prasina, Fr. Micare ag BOL . 6. 130 prasiniza, NyL, Lecid... .. 338 ... 116 | prasinoides, Nol. Lecid. . B45 ... 199 | premnea, Ach., Lecid... . 864 ~ sol premnea, Fr., Tecid . 328 . 69 premneoides, NyL, Lecid. .. 341 | Prevostii, Fr., Lecaw .... pinastri, Scop., Plat.. a OU privigna, Ach. » Lecan. pinastri, Scher., Lecan.. ... 186 proboscides, L, Omb. pineti, Korb., Arth. sittin ... 415 | prolixa, Ach., Par..... pineti, Senrad nal .. 343 | prominula, Borr., Lecid . pineti, Mass., . 343 prominula, Nyl., Verr. pineti, Ach., on .. 343 | prosecha, Ach., Lecan....... pinguescens, Nyl., Coll. oe UE prosechoides, Nyl., Lecan. .. 191 Pinicola, Ach. , Lecid. ee .. 819 | prosiliens, Strt., Opeg Pv aernt .. 403 piniperda, Kbr., Lecan... .. 174 | prosodea, Ach., Opeg..... .. 410 pissodes, Stirt., Lecid........ . 244 | protrusa, Fr., ‘Lecid. nhs eushaciiaali 270 pithyophila, Smrf., Lecid.......... 261 | proximella NyL, Aiths ocoek 417 pituphloia, Leight., Verr.......... 490 | pruinata, Del, BIS cnsssorariacters 422 pityrea, Ach., Clad........ .55. 57 | pruinosa, ‘Ach., AYth. voce 424 pityres, Ach., ERE 135 | pruinosa, Sm. , Lecan. ei ciiasleaisenieeis 168 lacodei.............. 2. 3. 6. 7. 149. 160 prunastri, L., "Ever 82 Placodinmn. ..c.ceccsacvessiescs cas vane 7. 160 | psorellam, Coll... ccccccerssscsnonce 26 placophyllus, Ach., Beom. Psoroma. ....... ...6. 149 plana, Lahm. , Lecid... a Psoroméi.............. 149 Pletyeamps, Fr. Msc asnewatecsite psotina, Ach., Pann. 156 latygrapha......... 8. ptelzodes, Nyl. Myc.. 438 platyna, Ach., Cetr. : Pterygium .. . 12 platyphylla. Ptychograp h ...8. 382 platypyrenia, NyL, Verr x pabeserne | BY. ED sessaroonetuatoce 10 i pubescens, Lighti., Lich... ae plicata, L., Usr. = pulchellum, Leight., End.. .. 440 plicatum, Wedd., Plac = pulchella, Borr., Norm..... .. 440 plicatile, Ach. anes o pulchella, Borr. Verr..... .. 440 plicatilis, Leight., * .. 380 pulicaris, Mass., Lecid... .. 325 plumbea, Lightf., Pann.. .. 154 | pulicaris, Light#., Opeg..... .. 404 polycarpa, Fik., os .. 288 | pulmonaria, Ach., Stict..... . 11 polycarpa, Ehrh., Physe aves .. 183 | pulposa, Leight., Verr. .... .. 437 polycarpon. Schzer., mae we + 22 | pulposulum, Nyl., Coll...