BISON DoD 1348.33-M LOCKWOOD LIBRARY AT BUFFALO AUG 2 2 1997 UMENTS DEPOSITORY LIBRARY 0433 MANUAL OF MILITARY DECORATIONS & AWARDS · · Septe10ber 1996 Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management Policy) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301 l 2 StP 1996 FOREWORD This Manual is reissued under the authority of DoD Instruction 1348.33, "Military AwardsProgram," August 26, 1985. DoD 1348.33-M, "Manual of Military Decorations and Awards," June 1993, is hereby canceled. This Manual applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments,the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, DoD Field Activities supported by the OSD orChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (hereafter referred to collectively as "the DoDComponents"), the Unified Combatant Commands, and the Defense Agencies. This Manual is effective immediately and is mandatory for use in managing the DoD MilitaryAwards Program. Any regulatory document issued by a DoD Component that conflicts with thisManual shall be rescinded. Send recommended changes to this Manual through channels to: Deputy Assistant Secretary ofDefense, Military Personnel Policy (MPP) Office of the Assistant Secretary ofDefense, Force Management Policy (FMP) Room 3E767, The Pentagon Washington, DC 20301-4000 The DoD Components may obtain copies ofthis Manual through their own publications system.Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Authorized registered users may obtaincopies of this publication from the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J. Kingman Rd., STE 0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6218. Other Federal Agencies and the public may obtaincopies from the U.S. Department ofCommerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. -4 - Lieutenant General, USA Deputy Assistant Secretary (Military Personnel Policy) II i I Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M TABLE OF CONTENTS Pag~ Foreword 1 Table Contents 11 Figures v References vi CHAPTER 1 -GENERAL INFORMATION A. Purpose 1-1 B. Definitions 1-1 C. Policy 1-2 D. Responsibilities 1-2 CHAPTER 2-MEDAL OF HONOR (MOH) RECOMMENDATIONS A. Purpose 2-1 B. Procedures Involving Recommendations for the MOH 2-1 C. Presentation of the MOH 2-2 D. Courtesies cmd Privileges Afforded MOH Recipients 2-2 CHAPTER 3 -DoD DECORATIONS A. Introduction 3-1 B. General Provisions 3-l C. General Procedures 3-4 D. Specific Provisions 3-6 CHAPTER 4 -THE JOINT MERITORIOUS UNIT AWARD A. Introduction 4-1 B. Eligibility Requirements 4-1 C. Preparation of Recommendations 4-2 D. Submission of Recommendations 4-2 E. Approval Authority 4-3 F. Eligible Activities 4-3 G. Manner of Wear 4-3 · H. Exceptions to Policy 4-3 ii Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348. 33-M CHAPTER 5-U.S. NONMILITARY DECORATIONS A. Purpose 5-1 B. Policy 5-1 CHAPTER 6 -DoD SERVICE MEDALS A. Introduction 6-1 B. POW Medal 6-2 C. National Defense Service Medal 6-4 D. Antarctica Service Medal 6-5 E. Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal 6-6 F. Vietnam Service Medal 6-9 G. Southwest Asia Service Medal 6-10 H. Armed Forces Service Medal 6-11 I. Humanitariah Service Medal 6-14 1. Military Out~tanding Volunteer Service Medal 6-18 CHAPTER 7 -FOREIGN DECORATIONS AND SERVICE AWARDS A. Introduction 7-1 B. General Provisions 7-1 C. -Specific Provisions 7-3 D. Procedures 7-4 E. Foreign Service Awards and Decorations 7-5 CHAPTER 8 -ARMED FORCES DECORATIONS FOR FOREIGN MILITARY PERSONNEL A. Introduction 8-1 B. Decorations to Foreign Nationals 8-1 C. Responsibilities 8-3 D. Procedures 8-4 CHAPTER 9 -OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION BADGE A. Introduction 9-1 B. Policy 9-1 C. Eligibility 9-1 D. Issuance of Certificate of Eligibility 9-2 E. Procedures 9-3 Ill Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTER tO-APPURTENANCES 10-1 A. Service Devices B. Gold Star Lapel Button 10-2 C. Service Flag and Lapel Button 10-2 APPENDICES A. U.S. Military Decorations A-1 B. U.S. Unit Awards B-1 C. DoD Activities Awarded the JMUA C-1 D. U.S. Service Medals, Campaign Medals, and Service Ribbons D-1 E. Operations Approved for Award of the AFEM E-1 F. Vietnam Campaigns and/or Southwest Asia Campaigns F-1 G. Approveld Operations for Award of the Humanitarian G-1 Service Medal H. Sample Citations H-1 I. U.N. Operations for which Members of the U.S. Armed Forces May Accept and Wear the United Nations Medal 1-1 iv Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M FIGURES Figure Title Page 3-1 4-1 4-2 6-1 Sample Format for Award Recommendation Sample Format for JMUA Recommendation Sample Citation-JMUA Sample Format -MOVSM Nomination 3-13 4-S 4-6 6-19 v Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M REFERENCES (a) Section 1130 of title 10, United States Code, "Consideration of Proposals for Decorationsnot Previously Submitted in Timely Fashion," February 10, 1996. (b) DoD 5025.1-M, "DoD Directives System Procedures," August 1994, authorized by DoDDirective 5025.1, June 24, 1994. (c) Executive Order 3524, "Designing of Medals, Insignia, Coins, Statues, Fountains, Monuments, Parks and Public Buildings," July 28, 1921 (d) Section 4594 of title 10, United States Code, "Furnishing of heraldic services," March 1995 (e) Section 1130 of title 10, United States Code, "Consideration of proposals for decorationsnot previously submitted in timely fashion: procedures for review and recommendation,"March 1995, Section 3744 of title 10, United States-Code, "Medal of honor;distinguished-service cross; distinguished service-medal: limitations on award,"March 1995 and Section 8744 of title 10, United States Code, "Medal of honor; AirForce cross; distinguished-service medal: limitations on award," March 1995 (f) Section 6248 of title 10, United States Code, "Limitations of time," March 1995 (g) Section 668 oftitle 10, United States Code, "Definitions," March 1995 (h) Office of the Secretary ofDefense (OEPM) Memorandum, "Manufacture and Sale of Military Decorations," December 2, 1993 (i) Executive Order 11545, "Establishing the Defense Distinguished Service Medal," July 9, 1970 G) Executive Order 11904, "Establishing the Defense Superior Service Medal," February 6, 1976 (k) Executive Order 12019, "Establishing the Defense Meritorious Service Medal," November 3, 1977 (l) "The United States Government Manual1987/88," June 2, 1987 (m) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (P&R) Memorandum, Proposed Delegation ofAwards Authority, March 7, 1994 and Office of Secretary of Defense (DA&M)Memorandum, Delegation ofAwards Authority, March 10, 1994. (n) Section 1123 of title 10, United States Code, "Right to wear badges of military societies," March 1995 (o) Section 1128 oftitle 10, United States Code, "Prisoner-of-war medal: issue,"March 1995 (p) DoD Directive 1000.20, "Determination of Active Military Service and Discharge:Civilian or Contractual Personnel," September 11, 1989 (q) Secretary ofDefense Memorandum, "DoD Policy for Issue of the Prisoner ofWarMedal," March 3, 1988 (r) Executive Order 10448, "Establishing the National Defense Service Medal," as amendedby Executive Order 11265, January 11, 1966 (s) Secretary ofDefense Memorandum "Reinstatement of the National Defense ServiceMedal", February 20, 1991 (t) DoD Instruction 1348.9, "Antarctica Service Medal," March 2, 1973 vi Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M (u) Executive Order 10977, "Establishing the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal," December 4, 1961 (v) Under Secretary of Defense Personnel and Readiness Memorandum "Policy for Wear of the Southwest Asia Service Medal and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal," February 7, 1996 (w) Executive Order 11231, "Establishing the Vietnam Service Medal," July 8, 1965 (x) Executive Order 12754, "Establishing the Southwest Asia Service Medal," March 12, 1991 (y) Executive Order 12985, "Establishing the Armed Forces Service Medal," January 11, 1996 (z) Executive Order 11965, "Establishing the Humanitarian Service Medal," January 19, 1977 (aa) Executive Order 12830, "Establishing the Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal," January 9, 1993 (bb) Assistant Secretary of Defense (FMP) Memorandum, Approval Authority for Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal (MOVSM), May 7, 1996 (cc) Section 7342 of title 5, United States Code, "Receipt and disposition of foreign gifts and decorations," 1980 (dd) DoD Directive 1005.13, "Gifts from Foreign Governments/' October 13, 1988 (ee) Public Law 80-134, "World War II," May 15, 1947 (ff) Public Law 81-503, "Berlin Airlift," January 13, 1950 (gg) Public Law 83-354, "Korean Conflict," May 8, 1954 (hh) Public Law 89-257, "Vietnam Era," October 19, 1965 (ii) Section 152 of title 26 United States Code, "Dependent Defined," 1988 (jj) Executive Order 11446, "Authorizing the Acceptance of Service Medals and Ribbons from Multilateral Organizations Other than the United Nations," January 16, 1969 (kk) Executive Order 11139, "Authorizing Acceptance of the United Nations Medal and Service Ribbon," January 7, 1964 (11) Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, "Acceptance and Wear of the Inter-American Defense Board Medal and Ribbon," May 12, 1981 (mm) Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, "Multinational Force and Observers Medal," July 26, 1982 (nn) Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum "Acceptance ofForeign Awards in the Recognition of Active Service in Time of Combat Operations," (Kuwait Liberation Medal-SA) October 7, 1991 ( oo) Secretary of Defense Memorandum "Acceptance of Foreign A ward in Recognition of Active Field Service in Time of Combat Operations," (Kuwait Liberation Medal-K) March 16, 1995 (pp) DoD Directive 5120.15, "Authority for Approval of Cash Honorary Awards for DoD Personnel," August 13, 1985 (qq) Executive Order 9260, "Legion of Merit," October 29, 1942, as amended by Executive Order 10600, March 15, 1955 (rr) Executive Order 11448, "Establishing the Meritorious Service Medal," January 16, 1949, as amended by Executive Order 12312, July 2, 1981 VII Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348. 33-M (ss) Presidential Memorandum, "Award of Military Department Commendation Medals," June 1, 1962 (tt) Section 1125 of title 10 United States Code, "Recognition for accomplishments: award of trophies," March 1995 _ (uu) Section 1126 of title 10, United States Code, "Gold star lapel button: eligibility and distribution," March 1995 (vv) Section 176 of title 36, United States Code, "Respect for flag," 1988 (ww) Section 181 of title 36, United States Code, "Approval of design by Secretary of Defense; license to manufacture and sell; penalties," 1988 (xx) Section 6241 of title 10, United States Code, "Medal of Honor," March 1995 (yy) Section 491 of title 14, United States Code, "Medal of Honor," 1990 (zz) Section 3741 of title 10, United States Code, "Medal of Honor: award," March 1995 (aaa) . Section 8741 oftitle 10, United States Code, "Medal of Honor: award," March 1995 (bbb) Section 3742 oftitle 10, United States Code, "Distinguished-service cross: award," March 1995 (ccc) Section 6242 of title 10, United States Code, "Navy Cross," March 1995 (ddd) Section 87 42 of title 10, United States Code, "Air Force cross: award," March 1995 (eee) Section 6243 of title 10, United States Code, "Distinguished service medal," March 1995 (fft) Section 492 of title 14, United States Code, "Distinguished service medal," 1990 (ggg) Section 3743 of title 10, United States Code, "Distinguished-service medal: award," March 1995 (hhh) Section 8743 of title 10, United States Code, "Distinguished-service medal: award," ·March 1995 (iii) Executive Order 12824, "Establishing the Transportation Distinguished Service Medal," December 7, 1992 (jij) Section 3746 of title 10, United States-Code, ~'Silver Star: award," March 1995 (kkk) Section 8746 of title 10, United States Code, "Silver Star: award," March 1995 (Ill) Section 6244 of title 10, United States Code, "Silver Star," March 1995 (mmm) Section II2I of title 10, United States Code, "Legion of Merit: award," March 1995 . (nnn) Sections 3749-6245-8749 of title I 0, United States Code, "Distinguished flying cross: award; limitations," March 1995 and Section 492a of title 14, United States Code, "Distinguished flying cross," 1990 (ooo) Section 3750 of title I 0, United States Code, "Soldier's Medal: award; limitations," March 1995 (ppp) Section 6246 of title 10, United States Code, "Navy and Marine Corps Medal," March I995 (qqq) Section 8750 of title 10, United States Code, "Airman's Medal: award; limitations," March 1995 (rrr) Section 493 of title 14, United States Code, "Coast Guard Medal," 1990 (sss) Executive Order II 046, "Bronze Star Medal," August 24, 1962 Vlll Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M (ttt) War Department General Orders No.3, "The Purple Heart," February 22, 1932; as amended by Executive Order 9277, December 3, 1942; Executive Order 10409, November 12, 1952; Executive Order 11016, April25, 1962; Executive Order 12464, February 23, 1984; and Public Law 98-525, October 19, 1984 (uuu) Section 1129 of title 10 U.S.C., "Purple Heart: members killed or wounded in action by friendly fire," March 1995 (vvv) DoD Authorization Act for FY 1996, Section 521, "Award of the Purple Heart To Persons Wounded While Held As Prisoners of War Before April25, 1962," February 10, 1996 (www) Executive Order 9158, "Air Medal," May 11, 1942; as amended by Executive Order 9242-A, September 11, 1942 (xxx) Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, "Joint Service Commendation Medal," June 25, 1963 (yyy) Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, "Combat Distinguishing Device for the Joint Service Commendation Medal," November 29, 1965 (zzz) DoD Directive 1348.28, "Joint Service Achievement Medal," March 29, 1984 (aaaa) Executive Order 9057, "Army Distinguished Unit Citation," February 26, 1942; as superseded by Executive Order 10694, January 10, 1957 (bbbb) DoD Directive 1348.27, "Joint Meritorious Unit Award," July 22, 1982 (ecce) President Woodrow Wilson's Letter, "Authority For Nicaraguan Campaign Badges," September 22, 1913 (dddd) Executive Order 8808, "American Defense Service Medal," June 28, 1941 (eeee) Executive Order 8809, "Good Conduct Medal," June 28, 1941 ; as amended by Executive Order9323, March 31, 1943; and Executive Order 10444, April10, 1953 (ffff) Public Law, "An Act to Establish the Army of Occupation Medal Germany," November 21, 1941 (gggg) Executive Order 9265, "Establishing the American, European-African-Middle Eastern and Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medals," November 6, 1942; as amended by Executive Order 9706, March 15, 1947 (hhhh) Executive Order 9365, "Establishing the Women's Army Corps Service Medal," July 29, 1943 (iiii) Public Law 79-135, "An Act to Establish the World War Two Victory Medal," July 6, 1945, 59 Stat. 461 (jjjj) "An Act to Establish the U.S. Antarctica Expedition Medal," September 24, 1945 (kkkk) "An Act to Establish the Medal for Humane Action," July 20, 1949,65 Stat. 477 (llll) Executive Order 12776, "Extending the National Defense Service Medal to Members of the Reserve Components of the Armed Forces of the United States During the Period of the Persian Gulf Crisis," October 18, 1991 (mmmm) Executive Order 10163, "Armed Forces Reserve Medal," September 25, 1950; as amended by Executive Order 10439, March 19, 1953 and Executive Order 13013 (nnnn) Section 101 of title 10, United States Code, "Definitions," March 1995 (oooo) Executive Order 10179, "Korean Service Medal," November 8, 1950; as amended by Executive Order 10429, January 17, 1953 IX Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTER· I GENERAL INFORMATION A. PURPOSE This Manual explains DoD policies and procedures on awarding Defense decorations andService awards; nonmilitary decorations; the acceptance of foreign military decorations bymembers of the Armed Forces ofthe United States; and the Office of Secretary of DefenseIdentification Badge (hereafter referred to as the "OSD Badge"). It describes the various Defenseawards; the basis and eligibility requirements for the award; and who is eligible to receive andwho is eligible to authorize the award. It tells how to prepare, submit, and processrecommendations for Defense decorations and the Joint Meritorious Unit Award (JMUA). B. DEFINITIONS 1. Joint Activity. For the purpose of this Manual and the eligibility for Defense decorations, the term "joint" connotes activities, operations or organizations in which elements of more than one Service ofthe United States, as reflected in joint manpower documents, perform joint missions under the auspices of the OSD; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff; or the commander of a Unified or Combined Command. A joint task force (JTF) commander, the staff,and other Service members assigned and/or attached to a JTF as individuals (not as members of aService unit) may also be eligible for Defense decorations and the JMUA to recognizeexceptional service or achievement. Members of Service-unique units assigned and/or attachedto a JTF retain eligibility for award of personal decorations and unit awards from their parentServices. They may not be awarded Defense decorations nor included in the award of theJMUA. The Director, Joint Staff, provides a list of units awarded the JMUA (Appendix C). 2. Meritorious Service. Individual performance must exceed that expected by virtue ofgradeand experience, based on accomplishments during an entire tour ofduty. Awards given forservice must cover the period of the controlled duty tour, plus any extensions and are normallyawarded for a period ofservice greater than 12 months. 3. Outstanding Achievement. An outstanding achievement decoration, also known as an "impact award," is rare, and is intended to recognize a single specific act or accomplishment,separate and distinct from regularly assigned duties, such as a special project. It is not intendedto provide a means to authorize additional decorations or a decoration when the conditions for acompleted period ofservice have not been fulfilled nor is it intended as an automatic award formembers assigned to joint activities on temporary duty (TDY) orders. An outstandingachievement covers a short period of time with definite beginning and ending dates. Arecommendation for an outstanding achievement award should be submitted only when theachievement is of such magnitude that it cannot be recognized in any other way than by award of 1-1 a decoration, and to delay such recognition until completion of the individual's period of service would diminish the significance of the accomplishment. 4. Joint Task Force (JTF). A JTF is a force composed of assigned or attached elements of two or more Military Departments, that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, or by the commander of a Unified Combatant Command. 5. Principal Staff Assistants. The principal staff assistants are the Under Secretaries of Defense (USDs); the Comptroller of the Department of Defense (C, DoD); the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E); the Assistant Secretaries of Defense (ASDs); the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E); the General Counsel of the Department of Defense (GC, DoD); the Inspector General of the Department of Defense (IG, DoD); the Assistants to the Secretary of Defense (ATSDs); the OSD Directors or equivalents who report directly to the Deputy Secretary of Defense. 6. Secretary Concerned. The Secretaries of the Military Departments. C. POLICY It is DoD policy that members of the Armed Forces of the United States shall, through the DoD Military Awards Program, receive tangible recognition for acts of valor, exceptional service or achievement, and acts of heroism. Awards and decorations must be placed into official channels as stated by DoD guidance for that particular award. However, a Member of Congress can request consideration of a proposal for the award or presentation of a decoration not previously submitted in a timely fashion. Upon request of a Member of Congress, the Secretary concerned shall review a proposal for the award or presentation of decoration (or the upgrading of a decoration), either for an individual or unit, that is not otherwise authorized to be presented or awarded due to limitations established by law or policy. Based upon such review, the Secretary shall make a determination as to the merits of approving the award or presentation of the decoration and other determinations necessary to comply with congressional reporting under 10 U.S.C. 1130 (reference (a)). D. RESPONSIBILITIES Specific responsibilities involving individual Defense decorations or Service awards are outlined in the applicable chapters of this Manual. The general responsibilities involving the management of the DoD Military Awards Program are as follows: 1. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy shall: a. Develop, publish, and maintain a single DoD Manual governing the DoD Military Awards Program, consistent with DoD 5025.1-M (reference (b)). 1-2 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M b. Ensure that implementing documents by the Military Departments and the DoD Components conform to pertinent laws, Executive orders, regulations, and DoD policy. c. Provide the policies and procedures necessary to manage the DoD Military Awards Program. d. Adjudicate individual exceptions to policy. 2. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffshall: a. Designate U.S. military operations that qualify for award of the Armed ForcesExpeditionary Medal and the Armed Forces Service Medal. b. Establish campaign medal criteria and dates of eligibility commencement andtermination. c. Ensure that the Director. Joint Staff shall: (1) Establish procedures for his staff to ensure compliance with the policies andprocedures outlined in this Manual. (2) Adjudicate individual Defense awards exceptions to policies for Service memberspermanently assigned to joint commands or organizations reporting to or through the Chairmanof the Joint Chiefs of Staff: 3. The Director of Administration and Management. Office of the Secretary of Defense shall: a. Provide the policies governing the issuance ofthe OSD Badge. b. Administer the following: ( l) The procurement and issuance ofthe OSD Badge. (2) The entrance date of Service members proposed for authorization to wear the OSDBadge. (3) The procurement, stocking, and issuance of certificates and citations for theDefense Distinguished Service Medal (DDSM) and the Defense Superior Service Medal(DSSM). (4) The processing of all individual Defense decoration nominations not handled by theChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. That includes all the DDSMs, and all the DSSMs and below from the OSD, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities. 1-3 4. The Director, Defense Logistics Agency shall: a. Procure, stock, and issue Defense decorations and awards for the OSD and the DoD Field Activities, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands; the joint activities, the Defense Agencies, and the Military Departments. b. Procure, stock, and issue certificates for the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), the Joint Service Commendation Medal (JSCM), and the Joint Service Achievement Medal (JSAM), as authorized by the ASD(FM&P), for the OSD and DoD Field Activities, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the joint activities, the Defense Agencies, and the Military Departments. 5. The Secretaries of the Military Departments shall: a. Establish procedures in their respective Departments to ensure compliance with the policies and procedures outlined in this Manual. b. Administer the Military Service awards program for non-Defense decorations or awards in their Department. c. Comply with the provisions of E.O. 3524 (reference (c)), as they pertain to the designing of medals and insignia. 6. The Secretary of the Army shall: a. Provide for the furnishing of heraldic services under regulations prescribed by him or her and based on the authority in 10 U.S.C. 4594 (reference (d)), an authority designated by him or her may, on the request of, and subject to approval by, the Secretary of another Military Department or the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, design flags, insignia, badges; medals, seals, decorations, guidons, streamers, final pieces for flagstaffs, buttons, buckles, awards, trophies, marks, emblems, rosettes, scrolls, braids, ribbons, knots, tabs, cords, and similar items for the requesting Department. b. Advise other Federal Agencies on matters of heraldry. c. Prescribe regulations providing for reimbursement for services furnished. 1-4 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTER2 MEDAL OF HONOR (MOH) RECOMMENDATIONS A. PURPOSE The purpose ofthis Chapter is to furnish guidance to the Military Departments in the . processing of recommendations for the MOH. B. PROCEDURES INVOLVING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MOH 1. The Secretary concerned shall establish procedures for processing recommendations for the award of the MOH in his or her Military Department. Minimally, those recommendations shall contain the endorsement of the subordinate Unified CombatantCommander or the JTF Commander, if involved; the Unified Combatant Commander concerned; and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. After endorsement by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the recommendation shall be referred to the Secretary con~rned for appropriate action. 2. The Army and Air Force MOH recommendations must be entered formally into official channels in two years of the act warranting the recommendation, and awarded in three years (except as provided in title 10 U.S.C. 3744 or 8744 (reference (e) and Section 1130 of title 10, U.S.C. (reference (a)). The Navy-Marine Corps MOH recommendations must be formally entered into official channels in three years of the act warranting the recommendation, and awarded in five years (except as provided in Section 6248 of reference (f) and Section 1130 of reference (a). However, a Member of Congress can request consideration of a proposal for the award or presentation of a decoration not previously submitted in a timely fashion under reference (a). 3. Recommendations for award of the MOH disapproved by a Secretary of a Military Department, or the Secretary of Defense, may only be resubmitted if new, substantive and material information is provided in the time limits in 10 U.S.C. 3744, 6248, and 8744 (references (e and f)). The information forming the basis must have been previously unknown and not considered by recommending and disapproving officials. The determination of the existence of new material and substantive information being a basis for reconsideration may not be delegated below the Secretary of a Military Department. a. The remaining bases for reconsideration are instances in which a Secretary of a Military Department or the Secretary of Defense determines there is evidence of material error or impropriety in the original processing or decision on a recommendation for award of the MOH. Examples of such instances might be loss of accompanying and/or substantiating documents to the recommendation or proven gender or racial discrimination. Determination of the existence of material error or impropriety in the original processing and decision shall not be delegated below 2-1 the Secretary of a Military Department. In such cases, the Secretary of Defense shall determine the need for legislation. b. All other instances of reconsideration shall be limited to those in which the formal recommendation was submitted in statutory time limits, the recommendation was lost or inadvertently not acted on, and when those facts are conclusively established by the respective Secretary of a Military Department or other official delegated appropriate authority. Those provisions are to protect the integrity and purity of purpose of the MOH by ensuring that all relevant information is submitted and considered while the actions are fresh in the minds of the witnesses. C. PRESENTATION OF THE MOH When practical, presentation of the MOH shall be made by the President of the United States, as the Commander in Chief (CINC), in a formal ceremony in Washington, DC. As such, premature public disclosure of information concerning recommendations, processing and approval or disapproval actions is a potential source of embarrassment to those recommended and the Government. Additionally, in the case of approved recommendations, it could diminish the impact of ceremonies at which the presentation is made. Therefore, to prevent premature disclosure, the policy of the Department of Defense is not to comment on any MOH case under consideration. Accordingly, the processing of MOH recommendations shall be handled on a "FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY" basis until the awards are announced officially or are presented. D. COURTESIES AND PRIVILEGES AFFORDED MOH RECIPIENTS 1. Each recipient receives a monthly 400 dollar pension from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). 2. Enlisted recipients who retire with 20 or more years of Military Service receive a 10percent increase in retired pay, not to exceed the 75 percent maximum. 3. Recipients are issued a special MOH Travel and Identification Card signed by the Secretary of a Military Department. That entitles recipients who are not on active duty and not military retirees to use space available military air transportation. 4. Unlike military personnel and retirees, MOH recipients may wear their uniforms at any time or place they choose. 5. Recipients who are not on active duty and not military retirees are issued a DoD Identification Card, as are their family members. It authorizes them military commissary, post exchange. and theater privileges. All of the Services, consistent with DoD policy, authorize use of morale, welfare, and recreation activities, including honorary club membership without dues. 2-2 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M 6. Children of MOH recipients are not subject to quotas if they are qualified and desire to attend one of the U.S. military academies. 7. MOH recipients receive invitations to attend Presidential inaugurations and accompanying festivities. Military recipients and those who are civil servants have traditionally been authorized administrative absence instead of chargeable leave to attend. 8. The VA provides a special engraved headstone for deceased recipients of the MOH. 9. MOH recipients should be accorded on-base billeting commensurate with the prestige a&sociated with the MOH. 2-3 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTER3 DOD DECORATIONS A. INTRODUCTION 1. Military decorations are awarded in recognition of individual heroism, meritorious achievement, or meritorious service. In the United States, the tradition of military decorations can be traced back to the American Revolution. The first medals were not part of an organized, systematic plan of awards, but were intended to recognize certain individuals for special occasions. Initially, there were six medals awarded by the Continental Congress. 2. The MOH was the first decoration to be designed and authorized for U.S. Service memberssince General Washington's Badge of Military Merit. On December 21, 1861, PresidentAbraham Lincoln approved the establishment of a MOH for enlisted men of the Navy andMarine Corps. Within 7 months (July 12, 1862), the President authorized a similar decorationfor enlisted members of the U.S. Army. 3. Throughout the history of the Armed Forces of the United States, nearly 60 differentdecorations have evolved. Changes in eligibility criteria have been made over the years and, insome cases, decorations have fallen into disuse; however, the basic hierarchy remainsunchanged. The MOH remains the highest military decoration that this Nation can bestow on aService member and lesser degrees ofrecognition are acknowledged by other decorations indescending order from the MOH. 4. Although a formal system for recognition was established, not until 1963 were steps takento resolve the one major deficiency in the system. No means existed by which Service membersassigned to joint activities could be recognized by any decoration other than a Servicedecoration. Sixteen years after the formation of the Department of Defense, the first Defensedecoration--the Joint Service Commendation Medal--was authorized by the Secretary of Defense for award to Service members assigned to joint activities. As with Service decorations, Defensedecorations have evolved to where today there are a total of five Defense decorations thatcomplement noncombat Service decorations. 5. Sections B. through D., below, outline the specific policies and procedures that apply tothose five Defense decorations and to those Service members eligible for consideration. B. GENERAL PROVISIONS I. Unless otherwise stated, only those members ofthe Armed Forces of the United Stateswho have rendered superior meritorious service while permanently assigned to a joint activity orassigned to a JTF Headquarters shall be eligible for consideration of a Defense decoration. 3-1 2. While Service members permanently assigned to staff or faculty positions of joint-Service schools are eligible for Defense awards, students of such schools are not. 3. Individuals permanently assigned to joint duty organizations are eligible for Defense awards consideration. However, eligibility for joint awards does not constitute eligibility for JDA credit, as governed by 10 U.S.C. 668 (reference (g)). 4. Individual mobilization augmentees (IMAs) permanently assigned to joint activities are also eligible for Defense awards consideration. 5. Being under operational control of a joint activity does not constitute Defense award eligibility. Personnel who are assigned to Military Department components that are subsequently attached to a joint activity for administrative or exercise purposes shall not be eligible for a Defense decoration. (Individual Service members performing as part of a unit whose mission is Service-specific (e.g., mobile training teams) are not eligible for Defense awards.) 6. DoD decorations will be awarded for recognition of outstanding achievement. In recognition of outstanding achievement (as defined in Chapter 1, subsection B. 3., above). Defense decorations may be awarded to Service members on temporary duty (TDY) to a joint activity. The achievement must be of a truly outstanding nature. Only under the most unusual circumstances will the Defense Distinguished Service Medal (DDSM), Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM) or Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM) be awarded as an impact award for outstanding TDY ACHIEVEMENT. The DDSM and the DSSM are specifically intended to recognize exceptionally distinguished service and exceptionally superior service, respectively, and to honor an individual's accomplishments over a sustained period~ Likewise, the DMSM recognizes exceptionally meritorious service performed at levels up to but which do not merit recognition through the DSSM. For awards purposes, the word "service" is defined as "a period of time greater than 12 months and encompassing an individual's entire joint assignment." 7. No Defense decoration shall be awarded or presented to any Service member whose entire service during or after the time of the distinguished act, achievement, or service has not been honorable. 8. Any Defense decoration for a distinguished act, achievement, or service may be revoked if facts, later determined, would have prevented original approval of the decoration. Commanders or staff directors becoming aware of any such instances must immediately report the circumstances and make recommendations, through channels, to the awarding authority for review and determination of appropriate action. Awarding authorities must seek advice from their legal staff in all cases where there is doubt as to the appropriateness of the award action. A decoration also should be revoked if the basis for which it was awarded no longer exists (e.g., the Service member's permanent change of station (PCS) assignment was canceled). When the awarding authority has determined that a Defense decoration should be revoked, the original orders should be revoked and the Service member notified by the parent Military Service. 3-2 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M 9. The number of decorations that may be awarded to a Service member is not limited; however, only one decoration is awarded for the same act, achievement, or period of service. Additionally, Defense decorations may not be awarded to any Service member for an act, achievement, or period of service for which a Service decoration has been awarded. 10. Multiple decorations shall be denoted by an oak-leaf cluster worn on the suspension and Service ribbon of the medal. 11. Service members who may retire from active duty from a joint assignment shall not be used to request or justify a higher level award than the actual service, achievement, or tenure in the joint assignment supports. In other words, Defense award recommendations must be based purely on the tour ofjoint service and not the Service member's entire career. In those instances where length of the joint terminal assignment, or degree of responsibility, would not qualify a Service member for an appropriate level Defense award on retirement, recommending officials may consider recommending the Service member for a Service award. Any Defense decoration may be awarded on retirement or separation of an eligible Service member. That award recommendation must stand on its own and not take into account the Service member's previous assignments. 12. Defense decorations may be awarded posthumously. When so awarded, they may be presented to an appropriate representative of the deceased, as determined by the awarding authority. 13. Military miniature and full size medals can be manufactured and sold by certified manufacturers with the exception of the Medal of Honor under the OSD Memorandum (reference (h). The Institute of Heraldry, U.S. Army, is designated to act in behalf of the Department of Defense in establishing regulations governing control in manufacture and quality of decorations. 14. Replacement of Defense Decorations a. The Service member to whom a Defense decoration has been awarded or the representative of a Service member to whom a Defense decoration was posthumously awarded · may receive a replacement decoration without cost, if the previously issued medal, ribbon, or other device for wear with or in place of an individual decoration has been lost, destroyed, or rendered unfit for use, without fault or neglect on the part of the recipient or the representative. All other replacement decorations are replaced at cost. Miniature decorations are not replaced by the Department of Defense. Such miniatures must be purchased from commercial sources at the Service member's expense. b. Requests for replacement decorations shall be submitted in accordance with the procedures established by the Military Service concerned. For those Defense decorations that the Military Services are unable to obtain through normal supply channels, the Military Service 3-3 concerned should obtain the decoration from the Chief, Military Personnel Division; Personnel and Security Directorate; Washington Headquarters Services, Washington, DC 20301-1155. 15. Requests for exceptions to any policy or procedure pertaining to Defense decorations shall be forwarded to the ASD(FM&P), or to the Director, Joint Staff for Service members permanently assigned to joint organizations or activities that report to or through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Disapproval of such requests may be made at any level of command. C. GENERALPROCEDURES 1. Each recommendation for a Defense decoration is evaluated on the merits of the justification submitted. The justification must be specific, factual and provide concrete examples of exactly what the person did, how well he or she did it, and what the impact or benefits were and how they significantly exceeded expected performance of duty. 2. All recommendations for Defense decorations shall be submitted by official memorandum or letter (original plus 3 copies) through command or staff channels to the appropriate approval authority using the format shown in figure 3-1. The JTF and special program offices must process award recommendations through the Executive Agent and, where applicable, the appropriate Principal Staff Assistant. The narrative justification for either the DDSM or the DSSM shall not exceed two single-spaced typewritten pages, and for lesser Defense decorations it shall not exceed one single-spaced typewritten page. Supporting documentation only should be included when such documentation is essential to the recommendation. 3. All recommendations placed in official channels must be forwarded to the designated authority for approval or disapproval. Where appropriate, intermediate endorsing officials or commanders may recommend disapproval or comment on the propriety of lesser or higher awards if they do not favor the requested decoration. Placement in official channels is defined as "signed by the initiating official and endorsed by a higher official in the chain of command." 4. Each recommendation for a Defense decoration must be entered administratively into command or staff channels within one year of the act, achievement, or service to be recognized. 5. Authorities shall administratively review recommendations and prepare the appropriate certificates for approved decorations: a. In preparing certificates, the name of the issuing agency, command, or office shall be typed or lettered above the "Command or Office" line on the left. The signature block of the approval authority shall be typed on the lower right above the "Secretary of Defense" line. (The overprinting or typing of the word "For" on the approval line is unnecessary.) b. Guidance for preparation of citations is outlined at Appendix H. The awarding authority will no longer prepare the citations for Defense decorations (DDSM, and below). Recommending commands will prepare citations as outlined in Appendix H and include a copy 3-4 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M of the citation with the award recommendation. The awarding authority will continue providing the certificate, medal set and folder· 6. Lost Recommendations. Recommendations officially placed into command or staff channels in the prescribed time limitations, but which were not acted on through loss or inadvertence, may be resubmitted at any time within the 2 years after the distinguished act, achievement, or service for consideration to the appropriate awarding authority. Lost recommendations must be forwarded through the same official channels and are contingent upon the requirements described in paragraphs C.6.a. through c., below. Recommendations not so documented shall be returned without action. The resubmission must include the following: a. A copy of the original recommendation or its substantive equivalent. Minimally, the recommendations should be accompanied by statements, certificates, and affidavits corroborating the events or services involved. The person signing a reconstructed award recommendation must be identified clearly in terms of his or her official relationship to the intended recipient at the time of the act or during the period of service to be recognized. b. Conclusive evidence that the recommendation ·was officially placed in command or staff channels in the prescribed time limit (subsection C. 4., above). c. Conclusive evidence of the loss of the recommendation or the failure to act on the recommendation through inadvertence. 7. Reconsideration of Disapproved Recommendations. a. A request for reconsideration of a disapproved or downgraded recommendation must be placed in official channels within 1 year from the date of the awarding authority's decision. One time reconsideration by the award authority shall be conclusive. However, a Member of Congress can request a review of a proposal for the award or presentation of a decoration (or the upgrading of a decoration) that is not authorized to be presented or awarded due to limitations established by law or policy for timely submission of a recommendation (reference (e)). b. Recommendations are submitted for reconsideration only if new, substantive and material information is furnished and the time limits specified in paragraph C.7.a. above do not prevent such action. Requests for reconsideration must be forwarded through the same official channels as the original recommendation. The additional justification for reconsideration must be in letter format, not to exceed two single-spaced typewritten pages. A copy of the original recommendation, with all endorsements, and the citation must be attached. c. Ifthe reconsideration is approved and when a lesser decoration has already been approved, action is taken by the awarding authority to revoke the lesser awarded Defense decoration. 3-5 D. SPECIFIC PROVISIONS 1. Defense Distinguished Service Medal (DDSM) a. Authorized by E.O. 11545 (reference (i)). b. The DDSM shall only be awarded to officers ofthe Armed Forces of the United Stateswhose exceptional performance of duty and contributions to national security or defense havebeen at the highest levels. Such officers have direct and ultimate responsibility for a majoractivity or program that significantly influences the policies ofthe U.S. Government. Only underthe most unusual circumstances will the DDSM be awarded as an impact award for outstanding TDY achievement. The DDSM is specifically intended to recognize exceptionally distinguishedservice and to honor an individual's accomplishments over a sustained period. (1) Normally, such broad responsibilities shall be held by only the most senior officerswhose duties bring them into direct and frequent contact with the Secretary of Defense and theother senior officials within the Government. Examples of such positions are the Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Chiefs and the Vice Chiefs of the Military Services, including theCommandant and the Assistant Commandant ofthe Marine Corps; and the CINCs and theDeputy CINCs ofthe Unified Combatant Commands. (2) The DDSM also may be awarded to other senior officers who serve in positions of great responsibility, or to an officer whose direct and individual contributions to national securityor defense are recognized as being so exceptional in scope and value as to be equivalent tocontributions normally associated with positions encompassing broader responsibilities. c. The DDSM, as the highest Defense decoration, may only be awarded by the SecretaryofDefense. Under no circumstances may the awarding authority be delegated. d. The DDSM shall be placed in precedence after the MOH and the Distinguished ServiceCrosses of the Armed Forces, but before the Distinguished Service Medals of the Armed Forces. e. All recommendations for award ofthe DDSM to members ofthe Chairman of the JointChiefs of Staff, or the Unified Combatant Command Headquarters or activities reporting to orthrough the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff, shall be processed through the Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff, for recommendation. These recommendations shall not be boarded atthe Joint Staff level. The Director, Joint Staff, for the Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff, shallforward his recommendations to the'Chief, Military Personnel Division, Personnel and SecurityDirectorate, WHS, for boarding and processing. Recommendations should be submitted to arriveat the Joint Staff no later than 90 days before the desired presentation date. I : l f. All other recommendations for award of the DDSM shall be submitted to the Chief, Military Personnel Division, Personnel and Security Directorate, Wa5hington Headquarters 3-6 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M Services (WHS), for boarding and processing. Recommendations should be submitted to the WHS no later than 90 days before the desired presentation date. 2. Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM) a. Authorized by E.O. 11904 (reference G)). b. The DSSM shall be awarded only to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after February 6, 1976, rendered superior meritorious service in a position of significant responsibility. Only under the most unusual circumstances will DSSM be awarded as an impact award for outstanding TDY achievement. The DSSM is specifically intended to recognize exceptionally superior service, and to honor an individual's accomplishments over a sustained period. c. The DSSM shall be awarded only by the Secretary of Defense. (1) The Director, Joint Staff, for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has been delegated approval or disapproval authority for Service members assigned to the Joint Staff, and those Service members assigned to Joint organizations. That authority may not be delegated further. (2) Approval or disapproval authority for all other qualifying Service members is delegated to the DA&M, OSD, for the ASD(FMP). That authority may not be further delegated. d. The DSSM shall be placed in precedence after the MOH, the Distinguished Service Crosses of the Services, the DDSM, the Distinguished Service Medals of the Services, and the Silver Star, but before the Legion of Merit. e. Recommendations approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall be processed entirely by the Joint Staff. All other recommendations shall be forwarded to the Chief, Military Personnel Division, Personnel and Security Directorate, WHS, for processing. Recommendations should be submitted no later than 90 days before the desired presentation date. 3. Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM) a. Authorized by E.O. 12019 (reference (k)). b. The DMSM shall only be awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after November 3, 1977, distinguished themselves by noncombat meritorious achievement or service. Only under the most unusual circumstances will the DMSM be awarded as an impact award for outstanding TDY achievement. The DMSM is specifically intended to recognize exceptionally meritorious service performance and to honor an individual's accomplishments over a sustained period. 3-7 c. The DMSM shall be awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense. (I) Authority to award the DMSM is hereby delegated to the following: (a) The DA&M for Service members assigned to the OSD; the DoD Field Activities; the joint DoD activities that report directly to an OSD Principal Staff Assistant or for which the Secretary of a Military Department has been designated as an "Executive Agent"; the multilateral and bilateral organizations; and the other offices in the Executive Branch, the Executive Agencies and Departments, or the independent establishments and Government corporations. (See "United States Government Manual1987/88," (reference (1)).) (b) The Director, Joint Staff for Service members assigned to the Joint Staff and those Agencies and activities reporting directly to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that are not delegated approval authority for that decoration. (c) The Commanders in Chief of the Unified or Combined Commands, for Service members assigned to their respective Headquarters or joint activities directly under their operational control. They also may approve that award for the commander, his or her staff, and other Service members attached to a JTF as individuals (not as members of an assigned and/or attached unit). (d) The Supreme Allied Commander, Europe; the Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic; the U.S. Representative to the Military Committee, NATO; the Defense Advisor, U.S. Mission NATO; and the CINC, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), for Service members assigned in their respective headquarters or associated Agencies. (e) The Directors of Defense Agencies (except the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA)), for Service members assigned to their respective Agencies. (f) The Commander, U.S. Forces Korea, for U.S. Service members assigned to their headquarters or joint activities reporting directly to that command. (g) The President, National Defense University (NDU), for Service members assigned to the University, the National War College, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. (h) The Commandant, Armed Forces Staff College, for Service members assigned to that College. (2) That authority may be delegated further at the discretion of the awarding authority to general or flag officers of the Armed Forces of t~e United States in the grade of 0-7 or civilian equivalents when they occupy established command or staff positions. Such authority must be 3-8 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M delegated in writing and documentation maintained indefinitely by the organization receiving the authority. d. The DMSM shall take precedence after the DSSM, the Legion of Merit, and the Bronze Star Medal, but before the Military Services' Meritorious Service Medal. e. Recommendations for the DMSM shall be submitted to the appropriate approval authority for processing. In those instances where the approval authority rests with the DA&M, OSD, or the Director, Joint Staff, the recommendation shall be submitted for processing to the Chief, Military Personnel Division, Personnel and Security Directorate, WHS, or the DJS no later than 90 days before the desired presentation date. 4. Joint Service Commendation Medal (JSCM) a. Authorized by the Secretary of Defense, June 25, 1963. b. The JSCM shall be awarded only to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after January 1, 1963, distinguished themselves by meritorious achievement or service. c. The JSCM shall be awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense. (1) Authority to award the JSCM is hereby delegated to the following: (a) The DA&M, OSD, or designee, for awards to Service members assigned to the OSD; the DoD Field Activities; the joint-DoD activities that report directly to an OSD Principal Staff Assistant or for which the Secretary of a Military Department has been designated as an "Executive Agent"; the multilateral and bilateral organizations; and the other offices in the Executive Branch, Executive Agencies and Departments, or independent establishments and Government corporations. (See "The United States Government Manuall987/88" (reference (1)).) (b) The Director, Joint Staff, for Service members assigned to the Joint Staffand to those joint activities reporting directly to or through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, or the Joint Staff, that are not delegated approval authority. (c) The CINCs of the Unified or Combined Commands for Service members assigned to their respective Headquarters or joint activities directly under their operational control. They also may approve that award for the commander, his or her staff, and other Service members attached to a JTF as individuals (not as members of an assigned and/or attached unit). (d) The Supreme Allied Commander, Europe; the Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic; the U.S. Representative to the Military Committee, NATO; the Defense Advisor, U.S. Mission NATO; and the CINC, NORAD, for Service members assigned their respective commands or associated Agencies. 3-9 (e) The Directors of Defense Agencies (except the DARPA and the DSAA), for Service members assigned to their respective Agencies. (f) The Commander, U.S. Forces Korea, for Service members assigned to their headquarters and to those joint activities reporting directly to that command. (g) The President, NDU, for Service members assigned to the University, National War College,·Industrial College of the Armed Forces, and Armed Forces Staff College. (h) The Commandant, Armed Forces Staff College, for Service members assigned to the College. (i) The Executive Director, Military Postal Service Agency, for Service members assigned to his or her Agency. G) The Commander, Military Entrance Processing Command. (2) That authority may be delegated further at the discretion of the awarding authority to general or flag officers of the Armed Forces of the United States in the grade of 0-7 or civilian equivalent, when they occupy established command or staff positions. Such authority must be delegated in writing. d. The JSCM shall take precedence with, but before, the Service Commendation Medals. A bronze "V" is authorized if the citation is for an act or service involving direct participation in combat operations during the period June 25, 1963 to March 31, 1976. Effective Aprill, 1976, the "V" device is authorized if the citation is approved for valor (heroism) in a designated combat area. e. Recommendations for the JSCM shall be submitted to the appropriate approval authority for processing. In those instances where the approval authority rests with the DA&M, OSD, or the Director, Joint Staff, the recommendation shall be submitted for processing to the Chief, Military Personnel Division, Personnel and Security Directorate, WHS, or the Joint Staff no later than 90 days before the desired presentation date. 5. Joint Service Achievement Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of Defense, August 3, 1983. b. The JSAM shall be awarded only to members of the Armed Forces of the United States below the grade of 0-6 who, after {\ugust 3, 1983, distinguished themselves by outstanding performance of duty and meritorious achievement. c. The JSAM shall be awarded in the name of.the Secretary of Defense. 3-10 Sep 12~ 96 DoD 1348.33-M (1) Authority to award the JSAM is hereby delegated to the following: (a) The Secretary of Defense or the OSD Principal Staff Assistants for Service members assigned to either the OSD, the DoD Field Activities, or the joint DoD activities for which a Principal Staff Assistant has been designated "Executive Agent for the Secretary of Defense." (b) The DA&M, OSD, or designee for Service members assigned to multilateral and bilateral organizations; and other offices with the Executive Branch, Executive Agencies and Departments, or independent establishments and Government corporations. (See "The United States Government Manual1987/88" (reference (1)). (c) The DJS, for Service members assigned to the Joint Staff and to the joint activities reporting directly to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that are not delegated approval authority for that decoration. (d) The CINCs of Unified or Combined Commands for Service members assigned to their respective Headquarters or joint activities directly under their operational ·control. They also may approve that award for the commander, his or her staff, and other Service members attached to a JTF as individuals (not as members of an assigned and/or attached unit). (e) The Supreme Allied Commander, Europe; the Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic; the U.S. Representative to the NATO Military Committee; the Defense Advisor, U.S. Mission NATO; the CINC, NORAD; and the Commander, U.S. Forces Korea, for Service members assigned to their respective commands or Agencies, as reflected in joint manpower documents. (t) The Directors of Defense Agencies (except the DARPA and the DSAA) for Service members assigned to their respective Agencies. (g) The President, NDU, for Service members assigned to the University, the National War College, the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, and the Armed Forces Staff College. (h) The Executive Director, Military Postal Service Agency, for Service members assigned to that activity. · (i) The Secretary of a Military Department who has been designated previously as the "Executive Agent for a joint function" by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, or the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (j) The Commander, Military Entrance Processing Command. 3-11 <1) That authority may be delegated further in writing to an officer in the grade of 0-6 in the Armed Forces of the United States or to a civilian of equivalent rank who is occupying an established command or staff position. (3) The authority to disapprove recommendations is given to officers with award authority. d. The JSAM shall take precedence with, but before, the Achievement Medals of the Armed Forces. e. Recommendations for the JSAM shall be submitted to the appropriate approval authority for processing. In those instances where the approval authority rests with the individuals specitied in subparagraphs 0.5.c.( 1 )(a) and 0.5.c.(l)(b), above, recommendations shall be submitted after approval to the Chief. Military Personnel Division, Personnel and Security Directorate. WHS. for processing. 3-1:! Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M MEMORANDUM FOR (approval authority) THROUGH: (if applicable) SUBJECT: Recommendation for Award of the (as applicable) Under the provisions of DoD 1348.33-M, (date), the following Service member is recommended for award of the (as applicable): a. (Grade, name, Service, and social security number.) b. (Organization of assignment.) c. (Title and duty assignment at the time of act or service. Include Service, Joint Manpower Program paragraph, and/or line number or Joint Duty Authorization List, number, as applicable). d. (Inclusive dates for which recommended.) e. Service member to be (reassigned permanent change of station on ), (relieved from active duty on . (If presentation is desired at gaining activity provide forwarding address of the servicing military personnel office.) f. (If presentation is desired before departure, state required presentation date and provide complete mailing address. Ifthe decoration, citation, and certificate are to be hand carried by a representative of the unit, provide name and telephone number of contact.) g. (Previous Defense awards and inclusive dates.) .h. No other award for this Service member for this action is pending, and no previous award has been made for the act or service described herein. (It is the responsibility ofthe recommending official to ensure compliance with this policy.) Attached is a narrative description of (achievement performed or service rendered): (Instructions: The narrative should be type written and should provide specific, factual, and concrete examples of exactly what the Service member did, how it was done, what benefits or results were realized, and why or how such benefits or results significantly exceeded superior performance of duty.) (Signature of Recommending Official) Attachments 1. Narrative 2. Citation 3. Supporting documentation (if appropriate) Figure 3-1. Sample Format for Award Recommendation. 3-13 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTER4 THE JOINT MERITORIOUS UNIT AWARD A. INTRODUCTION 1. Unit awards recognize entire organizations for outstanding heroism or achievement performed during periods of war, international tension, national emergencies, or extraordinary situations that involve national interests. They are not intended to recognize single, individual actions, or the actions of a sub-element of a unit or organization, but instead to acknowledge the combined efforts of every · member of a unit or organization. 2. Appendix B describes the U.S. unit awards that have been authorized for the Armed Forces of the United States. Until1981, the accomplishments ofjoint activities could only be recognized by Service unit awards. Due to the very nature of those activities and the varying criteria among the Services, it became necessary to establish a means by which joint activities could be recognized. With the JMUA, the Department of Defense provides a consistent means forrecognizing such activities. 3. The JMUA, awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense, is intended to recognize joint units and activities for meritorious achievement or service, superior to that which.is normally expected. The policies and procedures pertaining to that unique award are outlined in sections B. through H, below. B. ELIGffill..ITY REQUIREMENTS l. All joint units and activities (as defined in Chapter 1, paragraph B. 1.) are eligible for award of the JMUA in recognition of exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service. However, a unit's or activity's outstanding accomplishment of its normally assigned and expected mission is·not in and of itself sufficient justification for award approval. Instead, qualifying achievements must be superior to that which is expected under one of the following conditions and should be operational in nature. a. During action in combat with an armed enemy of the United States. b. In a declared national emergency situation. c. Under extraordinary circumstances that involve national interests. 2. The JMUA shall not be awarded to any DoD activity that has received any other unit award for the same achievement or period of service. 3. Only those members of the Armed Forces of the United States who were present at the time and . directly participated in the service or achievement for 30 days or more, or for the period cited if less than 30 days, shall be authorized to wear the JMUA ribbon. Members must be permanently assigned or attached by official orders to the joint unit receiving the JMUA. Local commanders may waive, on an 4-1 individual basis, the 30-day minimum time requirement for individuals (e.g., Reserve personnel on active duty and TOY and/or TAD personnel), who, in the opinion of the commander contributed directly to the achievement cited, and were assigned on official orders to the awarded unit during the approved time frames. 4. A JTF headquarters may be awarded the JMUA. If a JTF headquarters is awarded the JMUA, every member permanently assigned or attached TDY or TAD to the JTF headquarters is eligible to wear the JMUA ribbon. Assigned and/or attached (including TOY and/or TAD) status is determined by official orders that specify the JTF headquarters as the duty unit. 5. Service units or individuals deployed in support of a JTF, but not assigned and/or attached to the JTF by official orders, are not eligible for the JMUA, even if they are under the operational control of the JTF. The Services may award appropriate Service unit awards to their units assigned and/or attached to aJTF. C. PREPARATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Recommendation for the JMUA must be in narrative form (see figure 4-1, below). Minimally, the recommendation must include the following: a. Name and location of unit, activity or organization. b. Inclusive dates for the award. c. Citation. d. A narrative justification containing specific and factual data about what the activity accomplished, how it was done, what the benefits or results were, and why or how the achievement or service significantly exceeded normal unit duty performance. The narrative justification shall not exceed three single-spaced typewritten pages. Supporting documents, as' 'appropriate, may be attached. e. A listing of qualifying Service members attached but not permanently assigned, detailing full name, rank and/or rate, social security number, branch of Service, and permanent unit at the time of the award period. That list must be sorted or grouped by branch of Service. 2. Award recommendations shall be endorsed by commanders at all levels. D. SUBMISSION OF RECOM.MENDA TIONS Recommendations for the JMUA shall be submitted through command channels, as follows: 1. Recommendations for joint activities that report directly to an OSD Principal Staff Assistant or to the Secretary of a Military Department, for which he or she has been designated the "Executive Agent for the Secretary of Defense," shall be forwarded through those channels and to the Chief, Military 4-2 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M Personnel Division, WHS. DA&M will forward a copy ofthe approval letter to the Deputy Assistant Secretary ofDefense (Military Manpower and Personnel Policy) (DASD(MPP)), Office ofthe ASD(FMP). 2. Recommendations for joint activities that report directly to or through the Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff shall be forwarded to the Director, Joint Staff. E. APPROVAL AUTHORITY The JMUA is awarded in the name ofthe Secretary ofDefense; however, authority to award is delegated to the following: 1. The ASD(FMP), or designee, for activities thatreport directly to an OSD Principal Staff Assistantor for which the Secretary ofa Military Department has been designated the "Executive Agent for theSecretary ofDefense." ASD (FMP) delegated authority to Director, Administration and Management, toapprove or disapprove JMUA and grant exceptions to policy for award recommendations under theDeputy Under Secretary ofDefense for Personnel and Readiness Memorandum (reference (m)). 2. The Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs ofStaff, or designee, for activities that report directly to or through the Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff. F. RECONSIDERATION A Member ofCongress can request a review of a proposal for the award or presentation of adecoration (or the upgrading of a decoration) that is not authorized to be presented or awarded due tolimitations established by law or policy for timely submission ofa recommendation (reference (a)). G.MANNEROFWEAR 1. The JMUA shall have precedence after the Presidential Unit Citation, but before theMilitary Service unit awards. 2. An oak-leafcluster is authorized for wear for each additional award ofthe JMUA. 3. Civilians within an organization awarded the JMUA will be awarded a civilianJMUA lapel pin. 4. Streamers shall be obtained by the unit through normal supply channels. Eligible units ofa JTFawarded the JMUA are authorized streamers in accordance with their Service's policies. H. EXCEPTIONS TO POLICY . Requests for exceptions to policies or determinations about eligibility for the JMUA shall beforwarded through appropriate command channels to the Chief, Military Personnel Division, Personnel 4-3 and Security Directorate, WHS. WHS is authorized to approve, disapprove, and grant exceptions to policy for JMUA under the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Memorandum (reference (m)). The DJS has authority to grant exceptions for those units who report directly to, or through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Disapproval of requests may be made at any level having an established command or staff position authorized in the grade of 0-8. 4-4 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M (Letterhead ofInitiating Joint Activity) MEMORANDUM FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL DIVISION, PERSONNEL AND SECURITY DIRECTORATE, WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES, OR THE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF SUBJECT: Recommendation for Award ofthe Joint Meritorious Unit Award (JMUA) Under the provisions ofDoD 1348.33-M, the following DoD activity is recommended for award oftheJMUA: a. Unit, activity, or organization. b. Location, such as installation, city, state, and country. c. Inclusive dates (YYMMDD) for which recommended. d. Previous JMUAs awarded to this DoD activity (inclusive dates (YYMMDD)). No other unit award is pending for this DoD activity regarding this action, and no unit award has beenmade previously for the achievement or service described herein. Attached is a narrative description ofthe achievement performed or service rendered: (InstrUctions: The narrative should be specific and factual, providing concrete examples ofexactlywhat the recommended unit did, how it was done, what benefits or results were realized, and why orhow the achievement or service significantly exceeded normal unit duty performance.) Signature of RecommendingOfficial Attachments-5 1. Narrative 2. Citation 3. Supporting Documentation (if required) 4. Service member listing (lAW paragraph C.l.e., above) 5. Eligible ships and/or subordinate units (if required) Figure 4-1. Sample Format for JMUA Recommendation 4-5 SAMPLE CITATION DoD Seal CITATION To Accompany the Award of the JOINT l\1ERITORIOUS UNIT AWARD to the (unit, activity, or organization) The (unit, activity, or organization) distinguished itself by exceptionally meritorious (achievement or service) from (inclusive dates (YYMMDD)). During this period ... (Instructions: Prepare in smooth form, limiting the body of the citation to 16 double-spaced typewritten lines. Ifit is necessary to extend the citation beyond 16 lines, single spacing shall be acceptable. Leave a 1/2-inch space above the seal line so that the seal can be affixed to the citation. The body of the citation shall be straightforward in style, with short, simple, direct, and accurate facts. The narrative. must be unclassified.) ' · ., . . By their exemplary performance of duty, th~ members of the (unit, activity, or organization) have brought great credit to themselves and to the Department of Defense. Figure 4-2. Sample Citation -JMUA. 4-6 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTERS U.S. NONMILITARY DECORATIONS A. PURPOSE The purpose of this Chapter is to furnish policy guidance to the Military Departments about the recognition and wearing of U.S. nonmilitary decorations. B. POLICY 1. Members of civilian groups recognized under Section 1123, title 10, U.S.C. (reference (n)) shall not receive military decorations if the recognized group had a civilian system of decorations. Such civilian decorations are considered by the Department of Defense as equivalent to military awards that would have been issued to military members for similar acts, achievements, or periods of service. That policy conforms to DoD guidance that prevents multiple awards for the same acts, achievements, or periods of service. (See Chapter 3, subsection B.IO., above.) 2. Members of the Armed Forces of the United States who are authorized to accept and wear. U.S. nonmilitary decorations shall observe the following when wearing such decorations or the ribbons symbolic, thereof: a. U.S. nonmilitary decorations shall be worn immediately following U.S. military decorations and preceding service medals. b. Normally, when a Service member has been awarded and is authorized to wear more than one U.S. nonmilitary decoration, such decorations shall be worn in the order of date of acceptance. However, there are two exceptions to that policy. For members of the Military Services, when two or more decorations from the same Agency are worn, the order shall be in accordance with the precedence established by the awarding Agency regardless of date of acceptance. For members of the U.S. Coast Guard, precedence for all U.S. nonmilitary decorations shall be determined by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard. c. No U.S. nonmilitary decoration shall be worn on the Service member's uniform, unless at least one U.S. military decoration or Service medal is worn at the same time. 5-1 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M CHAPTER6 DoD SERVICE MEDALS A. INTRODUCTION 1. Service medals, campaign medals, and service ribbons denote participation by a Servicemember in a campaign, war, national emergency, expedition, or the fulfillment ofspecifiedService requirements in a creditable manner. Those awards take precedence immediately afternonmilitary decorations and are normally worn in the order earned. However, actual precedencevaries depending on the Service member's branch ofMilitary Service. Appendix D describes allthe U.S. service medals, campaign medals, and service ribbons that have been authorized for the· Armed Forces ofthe United States. 2. Since World War II, there have been over 100 service medals, campaign medals, and service ribbons authorized. In most instances, the Military Services control the policies as they pertain to their Service members. However, there are· nine service medals that are considered Defense service awards and, as such, the policies fall under the purview ofthe ASD(FMP). Those service awards are as follows: a. Prisoner ofWar Medal. b. National Defense Service Medal. c. Antarctica Service Medal. d. Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal. e. Vietnam·Service Medal. f. Southwest Asia Service Medal. g. Armed Forces Service Medal. h. Humanitarian Service Medal. i. Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal. 3. Policies and procedures for non-Defense service awards and their appurtenances aredetermined by the Secretary concerned and, as such, appropriate Military Service reguiationsshould be consulted in determining a Service member's entitlement to a particular award. 6-1 B. PRISONER OF WAR (POW) MEDAL 1. Eligibility Requirements a. Authorized by Section 1128, title 10, U.S.C. reference (o)). b. Authorized for any person who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S. Armed Forces, was taken prisoner and held captive after AprilS, 1917. (1) Civilians and Foreign Nationals. The POW Medal shall be issued only to U.S. and foreign civilians who have received credit for U.S. military service, as determined by the DoD Civilian and/or Military Service Review Board and Advisory Board under DoD Directive 1000.20 (reference (p)). The period of creditable military service must include the period of captivity from date of capture through date of release. While no minimum time period of captivity exists as eligibility criteria for the POW Medal, the Services should determine each case on its merits using the language in 10 U.S.C. and the Secretary of Defense Memorandum (references (e), (f) and (q)). The Secretary of Defense authorized on January 27, 1990, the POW Medal for the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Recognized Guerrilla Unit Veterans who were held captive between December 7, 1941, and September 26, 1945. (2) Missing in Action. The POW Medal only shall be issued to the legal next-of-kin (NOK) of military personnel or civilians who have received credit for U.S. military service and whose POW status officially has been confirmed and recognized as such by the Military Departments. The NOK of persons listed as "missing, but for whom there is no evidence of having been a POW" shall not be issued the POW Medal. Return of remains, in and of itself, does not constitute evidence of POW status. The NOK of the POWs who die in captivity may be issued the POW Medal irrespective of the length of the captivity period. (3) Hostages. Detainees. and Internees. The POW Medal :shall be issued only to those taken prisoner by foreign armed forces that are hostile to the United States, under circumstances which the Secretary concerned finds to have been comparable to thdse under which persons have generally been held captive by enemy armed forces during periods of armed conflict. For that medal, armed conflicts are defined as "World War I, World War II, Korean Conflict, Vietnam Era and Southwest Asia Conflict." c. Character of Service. Any person convicted by a U.S. military tribunal of misconduct or a criminal charge or whose discharge is less than honorable based on actions while a POW is ineligible for the medal. The POWs whose conduct was not in accord with the Code of Conduct and whose actions are documented by U.S. military records, are ineligible for the medal. Resolution of questionable cases shall be the responsibility of the Secretaries concerned. 2. Subsequent Awards. No more than one POW Medal shall be :awarded. For subsequent acts justifying award of the medal, service stars shall be awarded and worn on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal. A period of captivity terminates on return to U.S. military control. 6-2 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M Escapees who do not return to U.S. military control and are recaptured by an enemy do not begina new period of captivity for subsequent award of the POW Medal. 3. Presentation. While service medals (unlike decorations for valor, meritorious achievement, and service) are not normally presented in formal military ceremonies, military representatives of the Active and Reserve components may participate in POW Medal presentation ceremonies, ifrequested, under guidance and procedures issued by the Secretaries ofthe Military Departments. Additionally, veterans organizations, former POW associations, public officials, etc., may receive and present the medal to former POWs or their NOK. Engraving ofthe POW Medal, ifdesired, shall be at the expense ofthe recipient. 4. Manner ofWearing. Section 1128 of title 10, U.S.C., "Prisoner-of-war medal: issue,"(reference (o)) establishing the POW Medal specifies that it shall be displayed immediatelyfollowing decorations awarded for individual heroism, meritorious achievement, or meritoriousservice, and before any other service medal, campaign medal, or service ribbon authorized to bedisplayed. To ensure consistency among the Services, the POW Medal shall be placed ahead ofthe Good Conduct Medal in the order ofprecedence. 5. Posthumous Awards. The POW Medal may be awarded posthumously and, when so directed, may be presented to such representatives ofthe deceased as the Secretary concerned considers appropriate. 6. Procedures for Issuing the POW Medal. The Military Departments shall receive requests for, and issue, the POW Medal to eligible individuals or their NOK, as follows: a. All requests for the POW Medal will be initiated by eligible former POWs, or theirNOK, using a personal letter addressed to the appropriate Service Records Center located at 9700Page Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63132-5199. b. Veterans organizations, former POW associations, public officials, etc., may receiverequests for the medal from former POWs, or their NOK; and forward them to the appropriateService Records Center. Such organizations and/or individuals would agree to receive themedals and subsequently present, or forward, them to the requester. c. After verification of POW status and character ofservice ofthe former POW, the medalshall be forwarded through mail in accordance with the desires ofthe requester (directly to the·requester or to a third party for presentation). A cover letter explaining the background andsymbolism of the medal shall accompany the medal. d. The Services shall issue the medal to eligible active duty former POWs and reflect theaward in appropriate records. 6-3 C. NATIONAL DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL (NDSM) 1. Eligibility Requirements a. Authorized by E.O. 10448 and the Secretary of Defense Memorandum, (references (r) and (s)). ( 1) Honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States for any period between June 27, 1950 and July 27, 1954, or between January 1, 1961 and August 14, 1974. During those periods, Service members in the following categories shall NOT be eligible for the NDSM: (a) Members of the Guard and Reserve Forces on short tours of active duty to fulflll training obligations under an inactive duty training program. (b) Any Service member on TDY or TAD to serve on boards, courts, commissions, and similar organizations. (c) Any Service member on active duty for the sole purpose of undergoing a physical examination. (2) Honorable service as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States for any period between August 2, 1990, and November 30, 1995. Service members on active duty, members of the Selected Reserve in good standing, and members of other than the Selected Reserve who were called to active duty shall also be eligible. During that period, Service members in the following categories shall NOT be considered eligible: (a) Any Service member on active duty for the sole purpose of undergoing a physical examination. (b) Any member of the Individual Ready Reserve, the Inactive National Guard or the Standby or Retired Reserve whose active duty service was for training only, or to serve on boards, courts, commissions, and similar organizations. b. Exceptions to policy criteria in subparagraphs C.I.a. (1) and (2), above, may be granted by the Military Departments. c. Notwithstanding these limitations, any member of the United States Coast Guard or the Reserve or Guard Forces of the Armed Forces who, between January 1, 1961 and August 14, 1974, became eligible for award of either the AFEM or the Vietnam Service Medal or between August 2, 1990 and November 30, 1995, became eligible for award of the Southwest Asia Service Medal shall be eligible for award of the NDSM. 6-4 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M 2. Subseguent Award. A bronze service star shall be worn on the suspension and service ribbon of the NDSM by Service members who earned the medal during two different periods of eligibility (e.g., during the period 1961 through 1974, and-during the period 1990 through 1995). 3. Posthumous Awards. The NDSM may be awarded posthumously. D. ANTARCTICA SERVICE MEDAL 1. Eligibility Requirements a. Any person who, from January 2, 1946, to a date to be announced, meets any of the following qualifications shall be eligible to receive the Antarctica Service Medal: (For that award, Antarctica is defined as the "area south of latitude 60S." The Antarctica Service Medal is ·authorized by DoD Instruction 1348.9, "Antarctica Service Medal," (reference (t)).) (1) Any member ofthe Armed Forces of the United States, U.S. citizen, or resident alien of the United States, who as a member of a U.S. expedition, participates in or has participated in scientific, direct support, or exploratory operations in Antarctica. (2) Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States, U.S. citizen, or resident alien of the United States, who participates in or has participated in a foreign Antarctic expedition in Antarctica in coordination with a U.S. expedition and who is or was under the sponsorship and approval of competent U.S. Government authority. (3) Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States who participates in, or has participated in, flights as a member of the crew of an aircraft flying to or from the Antarctic continent in support of operations in Antarctica. (4) Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States, U.S. citizen, or resident alien of the United States who serves or has served in a U.S. ship operating south of latitude 60S ~n support of U.S. programs in Antarctica. (5) Any person, including citizens of foreign nations, not fulfilling the qualifications under subparagraphs D.1.a.(1) through D.1.a.(4), above, or paragraph D.1.b., below, but who participates in or has participated in a U.S. Antarctic expedition in Antarctica at the invitation of a participating U.S. Agency may be given the award by the Secretary of the Department under whose cognizance the expedition falls, provided the commander of the military support force, as senior U.S. representative in Antarctica, considers that the member has performed outstanding and exceptional service and shared the hardships. and hazards of the expedition. b. Subsequent to June 1, 1973, minimum time limit for award is 30 days under competent orders to duty at sea or ashore, south of latitude 60S. Individuals assigned to duty at an outlying station on the Antarctic continent may qualify for the award after 15 days. Effective July 1, 1987, flight crews of aircraft providing logistics support from outside the Antarctic area may 6-5 qualify for the award after 15 missions (one flight in and out during any 24-hour period equals one mission). The days do not have to be consecutive. 2. Subsequent Awards. No Service member shall be authorized to receive more than one Antarctica Service Medal. Subsequent awards shall be denoted by wearing of appropriate devices on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal. 3. Devices a. Clasps. Personnel who stay on the Antarctic continent during the winter months shall be eligible to wear a bronze clasp with the words "Wintered Over" on the suspension ribbon of the medal. A gold clasp is authorized for the second wintering-over period, and a silver clasp is worn to denote the third or subsequent wintering-over period. Not more than one clasp shall be worn on the suspension ribbon of the medal. b. Disk. The first wintering-over eligibility shall be denoted by a bronze disk worn on the service ribbon of the medal. A gold disk shall represent the second wintering-over period. A silver disk shall represent the third or subsequent wintering-over period. No inore than one disk may be worn on the service ribbon. 4. Manner of Wearing. The Antarctica Service Medal shall take precedence immediately aft~r the Korean Service Medal. 5. Posthumous Awards. The Antarctica Service Medal may be awarded posthumously. E. ARMED FORCES EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL (AFEM) I. Eligibility Requirements a. Personnel Eligible. The AFEM, authorized by E.O. 10977 (reference(~)), may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who after July 1, 1958: (1) Participate, or have participated, as members of U.S. military units in a U.S. military operation in which Service members of any Military Department participate, in the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in significant numbers. (2) Encounter during such particip~tion foreign armed opposition, or are otherwise placed, or have been placed, in such position that, in the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, hostile action by foreign armed forces was imminent even though it did not materialize. b. Categories of Operations. The AFEM may be authorized for,the following three categories of operations: 6-6 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M (1) U.S. military operations. (2) U.S. operations in direct support ofthe United Nations (U.N.). (3) U.S. operations ofassistance for friendly foreign nations. c. Definitions (1) The "area ofoperations" is defmed as follows: (a) The foreign 'territory on which troops have actually landed or are present and specifically deployed for the direct support of the designated military operation. (b) Adjacent water areas in which ships are operating, patrolling, or providing direct support ofoperations. (c) The air space above and adjacent to the area in which operations are being conducted. (2) "Direct support" is defined as services being supplied to the combat forces in the area ofoperations by ground units, ships, and aircraft provided it involves actually entering the designated area. That includes ships and aircraft providing fire, patrol, guard, reconnaissance, or other military support. d. Degree of Participation. Service members must be bona fide members ofa unit engaged in the operation or meet one or more ofthe following criteria: (1) Be engaged in direct support for 30 consecutive days in the area of operations (orfor the full period when an operation is less than 30 days duration) or for 60 nonconsecutive daysprovided this support involves entering the area ofoperations. (2) Be engaged in actual combat, or duty that isequally as hazardous as combat duty,during the operation with armed opposition, regardless of time in the area. (3) Participate as a regularly assigned crew member ofan aircraft flying into, out of,within, or over the area in support ofthe military operations. e. Limitations on Awarding Medals. The medal shall be awarded only for operations forwhich no other U.S. campaign medal is approved•. However, this does not prevent awardeligibility for subsequent on-going operations if the associated campaign medal has beeriterminated. No individual shall be eligible for both the AFEM and a campaign medal awardedduring a single tour in the desigt_J.ated operation. For operations in which personnel ofonly oneMilitary Department participate, the medal shall be awarded only ifthere is no other suitable 6-7 award available to that Department. The Military Service of the Service member on which qualification for the award of the AFEM is based shall have been honorable. f. Election of the AFEM or Vietnam Service Medal. Service members who earned the AFEM for service in Vietnam between July 1, 1958 and July 3, 1965, may elect to receive the Vietnam Service Medal instead of the AFEM. However, no Service member may be issued both medals for service in Vietnam. g. Wear of the Armed Forces Expeditionaty Medal (AFEM) and Southwest Asia Service Medal (SW ASM). Service members who earned the SW ASM and subsequently become eligible at any time for the Operation SOUTHERN WATCH AFEM may wear both awards, with the exception of those who become eligible for both awards during one tour in Southwest Asia (SWA). Service members who become eligible for both awards during their initial tour in SWA may elect to receive either the SWASM or the AFEM, but may not be issued both medals for a single tour in SWA. Service members who become eligible for both awards during their initial tour in SW A and elect to receive the SWASM may be awarded the AFEM for participation in Operation SOUTHERN WATCH during a subsequent tour in SWA under the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Memorandum (reference (v)). 2. Approval of Operations. Subsequent to July 1, 1958, the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall designate U.S. military operations that qualify for the AFEM, and they shall specify the degree of participation in designated operations warranting award of the medal. Appendix E identifies those operations that have been approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff for award of the AFEM. 3. Subsequent Awards. No more thah one medal shall be awarded to any one Service member. For each succeeding operation justifying such awards, a service star shall be awarded and worn on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal. 4. Manner of Wearing. The AFEM shall take precedence immediately after the Antarctica Service Medal. 5. Posthumous Awards. The AFEM may be awarded posthumously and, when so awarded, may be presented to such representative of the deceased, as may be deemed appropriate by the Secretary concerned. F. VIETNAM SERVICE MEDAL 1. Eligibility Requirements a. General ( l) Authorized by E.O. 11231 (reference (w)). 6-8 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M (2) Awarded to all members of the Armed Forces of the United States serving at any time between July 4, 1965 and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam, its contiguous waters, or airspace, thereover. (3) Awarded to all members of the Armed Forces of the United States serving at any time between July 4, 1965 and March 28, 1973, in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia, or the airspaces, thereover, and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. (4) Service members qualified for the AFEM by reasons of service between July 1, 1958, and July 3, 1965, in an area for which the Vietnam Service Medal was authorized subsequently shall remain qualified for that medal. Upon application, any such Service member may be awarded the Vietnam Service Medal instead of the AFEM for such service. However, no Service member shall be entitled to both awards. · (5) For that award, Vietnam and the contiguous waters are defined as "from a point on the east coast of Vietnam at the juncture of Vietnam with China southeastward to 21 degrees N. latitude, 108 degrees, 15 minutes E. longitude; thence, southward to 18 degrees N. latitude, 108 degrees, 15 minutes E. longitude; thence southeastward to 17 degrees, 30 minutes N.1atitude, 111 degrees E. longitude; thence, southward to 11 degrees N. latitude, 111 degrees E. longitude; thence, southwestward to 7 degrees N. latitude, 105 degrees E. longitude; thence, westward to 7 degrees N. latitude, 103 degrees E. longitude; thence, northward to 9 degrees, 30 minutes N. latitude, 103 degrees E. longitude; thence, northeastward to 10 degrees, 15 minutes N.latitude, l04 degrees, 27 minutes E. longitude; thence, northward to a point on the west coast of Vietnam at the juncture of Vietnam with Cambodia. " b. Specific (l) Personnel Eligible. To be eligible a SerVice member must be as follows: (a) Attached to or regularly serving for one, or more, days with an organization participating in or directly supporting ground (military) operations. (b) Attached to or regularly serving for one, or more, days aboard a naval vessel directly supporting military operations. (c) Actually participate as a crew member in one or more aerial flights directly supporting military operations. (d) Serve on temporary duty for 30 consecutive days or 60 nonconsecutive days. Those time limitations may be waived for personnel participatingin actual combat operations. (2) Limitation on Medal. The medal shall be awarded only for operations for which no other U.S. campaign medal is approved. No Service member may be issued both the Vietnam 6-9 Service Medal and the AFEM for service in Vietnam, and furthermore they shall be entitled to nomore than one award ofthe Vietnam Service Medal. 2. Stars. A bronze service star shall be worn on the suspension and service ribbon ofthe . Vietnam Service Medal for the ~ervice member's participation during the approved campaign periods. Appendix F identifies those campaigns that have been approved. 3. Posthumous Awards. The Vietnam Service Medal may be awarded posthumously. G. SOUTHWEST ASIA SERVICE MEDAL (SWASM) 1. Eligibility Requirements a. General (1) Authorized by E.O. 12754 (reference (x)). (2) Individuals authorized that award must have served in support of Operation DESERT SHIELD or DESERT STORM in one or more ofthe foliowing areas from August 2,1990 through November 30, 1995: the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Gulf ofAden, that portion of the Arabian Sea that lies north of 100 N latitude and west 680 E longitude, as well asthe total land areas of Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United ArabEmirates. (3) Individuals serving in Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Syria, and Jordan (including theairspace and territorial waters) directly supporting combat operations from January 17, 1991,through November 30, 1995, shall also be eligible for award of the medal. b. Specific. To be eligible, a Service member must be: (I) Attached to or regularly serving for one or more days with an organization participating in ground and/or shore (military) operations. (2) Attached to or regularly serving for one or more days aboard a naval vessel directlysupporting military operations. (3) Actually participating as a crew member in one or more aerial flights directlysupporting military operations in the areas designated in paragraph 6.l.a., above. (4) Serving on temporary duty for 30 consecutive days or 60 nonconsecutive days.Those time limitations may be waived for people participating in actual combat operations. 6-10 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M 2. Awarding a. The Southwest Asia Service Medal may be awarded posthumously. b. Each Military Department may grant exceptions to the eligibility criteria outlined in subparagraph H.l.b., below, and shall prescribe appropriate regulations for administrative processing, awarding and wearing of the Southwest Asia Service Medal, ribbon, and appurtenances. 3. Stars. One bronze service star shall be worn on the suspension and service ribbon of theSouthwest Asia Service Medal for participation in each campaign period (i.e., an individual whoparticipated in one campaign would wear the medal and/or service ribbon with one star). The first campaign period is designated as the "Defense of Saudi Arabia" with corresponding dates of August 2, 1990 through January 16, 1991. The second campaign is designated "Liberation and Defense of Kuwait" from January 17, 1991 to April 11, 1991. The third and final campaign, is designated the "Southwest Asia Cease Fire Campaign," and extends from April12, 1991, through November 30, 1995. Service members eligible for the SWASM based on participation in Operation PROVIDE COMFORT will wear the medal and service ribbon with star. H. ARMED FORCES SERVICE MEDAL (AFSM) 1. Eligibility Reguirements a. General. The Armed Forces Service Medal (AFSM) authorized by E.O. 12985(reference (y)) may be awarded to members ofthe Armed Forces ofthe United States who, afterJune 1, 1992: (1) Participate, or have participated, as members of United States military units, in aUnited States military operation that is deemed to be a significant activity; and (2) Encounter no foreign armed opposition or imminent threat ofhostile action. b. Specific. Service members must be members ofa unit participating for 1 or more daysin the operation within the designated area ofeligibility, or meet one or more ofthefollowingcriteria: (I) Be engaged in direct support for 30 consecutive days in the area ofeligibility (orfor the full period when an operation is ofless than 30 days duration) or for 60 nonconsecutivedays provided this support involves entering the area ofeligibility. (2) Participate as a regularly assigned crew member of an aircraft flying into, out of,within, or over the area ofeligibility in support ofthe operation. 6-11 c. Qualifying Operations (1) The AFSM may be authorized for significant United States military activities for which no other United States campaign or service medal is appropriate, such as: (a) Peacekeeping operations. (b) Prolonged humanitarian operations. (2) The AFSM may be awarded for United States military operations in direct support of the United, Nations (UN) or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and for operations of assistance to friendly foreign nations. d. Guidelines ( 1) The AFSM provides recognition to participants who deploy to the designated area of eligibility for the qualifying operation. Outstanding or meritorious performance of nondeployed or remotely located support units and individuals is not justification for award of the AFSM. Such performance may be recognized by appropriate unit and/or individual decorations. (2) Because the AFSM may be awarded for a prolonged humanitarian operation, distinction between the AFSM and the Humanitarian Service Medal (HSM) must be maintained. (a) The HSM is an individual award, presented to individuals who are physically present at the site of immediate relief and who directly contribute to and influence the humanitarian action. The HSM is only awarded for service during the identified "period of immediate relief'; eligibility for the HSM terminates once (if) the humanitarian action evolves into an "established ongoing operation beyond the--initial emergency condition." (b) The AFSM is a theater award, authorized for presentation to all participants who meet eligibility requirements established for a designated operation. (c) For operations in which all deployed participants are awarded the HSM and for which the "period of immediate relief' coincides with the duration of significant deployed operations, award of the AFSM is not authorized. (d) Humanitarian operations for which some (or all) participants are awarded the HSM, which continue beyond the "period of immediate relief." e. Definitions (1) "Significant activity" is defined as a Uni~ed States military operation considered to be of such a high degree of scope, impact, and national or international significance as to warrant 6-12 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M the permanent commemoration and recognition afforded by award of a campaign or service medal. (2) "Area of eligibility" is defined as follows: (a) The foreign territory on which troops have actually landed or are present and specifically deployed for the operation. (b) Adjacent water areas in which ships are operating, patrolling, or providing direct support of the operation. (c) The air space above and adjacent to the area in which operations are being conducted. (3) "Direct support" is defined as services being supplied to participating forces in the area of eligibility by ground units, ships, and aircraft provided it involves actually entering the designated area of eligibility. This includes units, ships, and aircraft providing logistic, patrol, guard, reconnaissance, or other military support within the designated area of eligibility. f. Limitations on A warding Medals (1) AFSM shall be awarded only for operations for which no other United States campaign or service medal is approved. (2) For operations in which personnel of only one Military Department participate, the AFSM shall be awarded only if there is no other suitable award available to that Department. (3) The military service of the Service member on which qualification for the award of the AFSM is based shall have been honorable. ( 4) Award of the AFSM is not authorized for participation in national or international exercises. (5) The AFSM shall not be awarded for NATO or UN operations not involving significant, concurrent United States military support operations. 2. Approval and Designation of Area of Eligibility. The Joint Chiefs of Staff shall designate United States military operations subsequent to 1 June 1992 that qualify for the AFSM. 3. Subsequent Awards. No more than one medal shall be awarded to any one Service member. Second and subsequent awards will be denoted by 3116-inch bronze service stars. A 3/16-inch silver star will be worn instead of 5 bronze stars. 6-13 4. Manner of Wearing. The AFSM shall take precedence immediately before the Humanitarian Service Medal. 5. Posthumous Awards. The AFSM may be awarded posthumously and, when so awarded, may be presented to such representative of the deceased as may be deemed appropriate by the Secretary concerned. I. HUMANITARIAN SERVICE MED~L(HSM) l. Eligibility Requirements a. General. The Humanitarian Service Medal, authorized by E.O. 11965, (reference (z)), may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States and their Reserve components who, subsequent to April 1, 1975, distinguished themselves as individuals or as members of U.S. military units or ships by meritorious, direct participation in a significant military act, or operation of a humanitarian nature. Direct participation is defined as being physically present at the designated location, having directly contributed to and influenced the action. Designated location is the immediate site(s) of the humanitarian operations as defined by the Presidential request for assistance in the United States or the Department of State (DoS) for overseas areas. When appropriate, the local commander in his or her recommendation may propose specific clarification of designated boundaries based on the intent of the Presidential or Department of State request. Specifically excluded from eligibility are Service members or elements remaining at geographically separated locations or who were assigned to the location but did not make a direct contribution to nor influenced the action. Award of the Humanitarian Service Medal does not prevent 'or conflict with other medals or ribbons awarded on the basis of unit achievement, or of individual valor, achievement, or meritorious service. No Service member shall be entitled to more than one award of the Humanitarian Service Medal for participation in the same military act or operation of a humanitarian nature. b. Specific. The following types of military acts or operations may qualify for award of the Humanitarian Service Medal: ( l) Significant assistance in the event of national or international disasters, natural or man-made, such as, but not limited to, earthquakes; floods, hurricanes, typhoons, or conflagrations. (2) Relief to a starvation area. (3) Evacuation of personnel from an area threatened by a hostile force. ( 4) Support or resettlement of refugees or evacuees. (5) Other significant military activities·, directly related to humanitarian service, as designated in Military Service regulations. These must be above and beyond routine actions. 6-14 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M For example, normal Search and Rescue (SAR) operations conducted by specially trained SARunits would not be eligible for HSM consideration. Similarly, in accordance with the laws andtraditions ofthe seas, the rescue ofstricken vessels by naval units would not normally beeligible. ( 6) Acts or operations ofa similar nature, as determined by the award approval / authority. c. Guidelines. Services rendered in the act or operation being considered must meet the following criteria: (1) Be ofa major significance. (2) Provide immediate relief, relieve human suffering, and should save lives (property may be a factor). (3) Must have affected the outcome ofthe situation (nonaction could produce definite consequences). · (4) Must have specific dates and must be restricted to the period of"immediate relief."Periods beyond immediate relief are considered established ongoing operations beyond the initialemergency conditions and these periods are no longer eligible for the Humanitarian ServiceMedal. (5) Must have evidence that the emergency assistance was: (a) Requested by the President ofthe United States for assistance in the United States (such as, Presidential Emergency Declaration or established contingency plans issued under Presidential authority). (b) Requested by the DoS for overseas areas. d. Exclusions. The Humanitarian Service Medal may not be awarded for services rendered in domestic disturbances involving law enforcement, equal rights demonstrations, or .protection ofproperties. 2. Submission ofRecommendations a. Recommendations for the Humanitarian Service Medal originating within a DefenseAgency shall be forwarded through appropriate command and staff channels, to include theresponsible OSD Principal Staff Assistant, to DASD(MPP). b. Recommendations for the Humanitarian Service Medal originating within a Military Service shall be forwarded to the Secretary ofthe Military Department concerned. 6-15 c. Recommendations for Humanitarian Service Medal involving the Unified Combatant Commands shall be submitted to the DJS. d. Recommendations for the Humanitarian Service Medal involving U.S. Coast Guard units or personnel shall be submitted to the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard. e. When multi-Service participation is involved, an information copy of the recommendation shall be sent to the Secretary of the Military Department of the Service members involved. f. Recommendations must be entered into command channels in two years of the military act or operation to be recognized. g. Upon approval of the recommendation, the award authority shall direct the command authority, who is an officer in the grade of 0-6 or a civilian of equivalent rank, to ensure the action of a Service Record entry and award of the medal to the participating individuals. In the case of multi-Service participation, commanders must ensure the personnel servicing centers of all Service members who participated are informed of action required~ 3. Recommendations. Recommendations for the Humanitarian Service Medal must include the following: a. A written justification fully explaining and attesting to the humanitarian aspects of the services rendered by Service members in the act or operation being recommended. The Humanitarian Service Medal is an INDIVIDUAL award. As such, only those individuals who meet the specific requirements and guidelines in subsection F.l., above, shall be eligible for award of the Humanitarian Service Medal. b. Forwarding endorsements that make specific recommendations for approval or disapproval. c. Endorsement of the CINC having authority and/or responsibility for the affected area of responsibility outside the Continental United States. d. Documentation of the Presidential or the DoS for assistance. 4. Award Approval Authority a. Award of the Humanitarian Service Medal for the DoD Components shall be authorized by the Military Service Secretaries, DASD(MPP), and the DJS (for organizations reporting to or through Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff) for the Secretary of Defense, and that authority may be further delegated. The Secretary of Transportation h~ delegated.approval authority to the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, and that authority may not be further delegated. 6-16 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M b. Once the recommendation of. an operation or action has been authorized, determination of individual eligibility may be delegated to such level of the operational or administrative chain of command as deemed appropriate by the approval authority. Such authority shall not be delegated below the level of 0-6 command or civilian equivalent. It is the prerogative of the service centers to determine the need for recordkeeping, such as name lists. Commanders receiving the eligibility delegation must ensure the personnel servicing centers of all participating Service members are informed of the required action. This is true particularly when multi-Service participation occurs. c. Authority to disapprove recommendations for award of the Humanitarian Service Medal for noncompliance with established criteria contained in this Manual is hereby delegated to the CINCs. 5. Eligible Operations. See Appendix G for those acts or operations that have been approved by the Department of Defense for award of the Humanitarian Service Medal. 6. Subseguent Awards. No more than one Humanitarian Service Medal shall be awarded to · any Service member. For subsequent acts or operations justifying award of the medal, service stars shall be awarded and worn on the suspension and service ribbon of the medal. 7. Manner of Wearing. The Humanitarian Service Medal shall be worn immediately after the Armed Forces Service Medal. 8. Posthumous Awards. The Humanitarian Service Medal may be awarded posthumously and, when so directed, may be presented to such representatives of the deceased as the Secretary concerned or the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, considers appropriate. J. MILITARY OUTSTANDING VOLUNTEER SERVICE MEDAL .fa peacekeeping force. (8) A Service member who' is killed or wounded in action as the result of action by friendly weapon ftre while directly engaged in armed conflict, other than as a result of an act of an enemy of the U.S., unless (in the case of a wound) the wound is' the result of willful misconduct of the member under Section 1129, title 10, U.S.C. (reference (uuu)). A-8 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M (9) Before April 25, 1962, while held as a prisoner of war (or whil~ being taken captive) in the same manner as a former prisoner of war who is wounded on or after that date while held as a prisoner of war (or wlule being taken captive under Section 521, DoD Authorization Act for 1996 (reference (vvv)). 22. Defense Meritorious Service Medal a. Authorized by Executive Order 12019 (reference (k)). b. Awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to any active duty member of the Armed Forces of the United States who, while serving in a joint activity, distinguishes himself or herself by noncombat meritorious achievement or service. The required achievement or service, while of lesser degree than that required for award of the DSSM, nevertheless must have been accomplished with distinction. 23. Meritorious Service Medal a. Authorized by Executive Order 11448, as amended (reference (rr)). b. Awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who distinguish themselves by outstanding noncombat meritorious achievement or service to the United States. Normally, the acts or services rendered must be comparable to that required for the Legion of Merit, but in a duty of lesser though considerable responsibility. 24. Air Medal · a. Authorized by Executive Order 9158, as amended (reference (www)). b. Awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces of the United States, subsequent to September 8, 1939, distinguishes himself or herself by heroic or meritorious achievement while participating in an aerial flight. c. Subsequent to April1974 the letter "V" may be authorized by the Navy and Marine Corps. 25. Aerial Achievement Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force, February 5, 1988. b. Awarded for sustained meritorious achievement while participating in aerial flight. A-9 26. Joint Service Commendation Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of Defense Memorandum, June 25, 1963 (reference (xxx)). b. Awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members ofthe Armed Forces of the United States who, while assigned to a joint activity after January 1, 1963, distinguish themselves by meritorious achievement or service. c. Letter "V" is authorized for wear by all the Services (reference (yyy)). 27. Army Commendation Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of War, December 18, 1945, as the Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant. Redesignated the Army Commendation Medal by DA General Order 10, March 31, 1960. b. Awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S. Army after December 6, 1941, distinguish themselves by heroism, meritorious achievement, or meritorious service. The award may also be made to members of the armed forces of a friendly foreign nation who, after June 1, 1962, distinguish themselves under similar circumstances of mutual benefit to the friendly nation and the United States. c. The Army authorizes wear of the Letter "V" device. 28. Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, January 11, 1944--originally known as the "Navy Commendation Ribbon." On March 22, 1950, the Secretary of the Navy established the metal pendant for that award. On August 11, 1960, the Secretary of the Navy changed the name of the award to the "Navy Commendation Medal" and on August 19, 1994, he changed the name of the award to the "Navy and Marlmf Corps Commendation Medal.~~· b. Awarded to persons who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S. Navy or U.S .. , ,11 Marine Corps (including foreign military personnel and members ofU.S. Reserve components on active or in inactive duty), distingoish themselves after Decembe1t6, 1941, by heroic or meritorious achievement or serviCe. ~ ' I • c. The Navy and the Maripe Corps authorize the letter "V" .device. 29. Air Force Commendation Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force, March 28, 1958. A-10 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M b. Awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States, below the grade of 0-7 and foreign military personnel, who, while serving in any capacity with the Department of the Air Force, distinguish themselves by outstanding achievement or meritorious service. 30. Coast Guard Commendation Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury, August 26, 1947--originally known as "Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant." Redesignated as the "Coast Guard Commendation Medal" by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, October 2, 1959. b. Awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States, serving in any capacity with the U.S. Coast Guard, for meritorious service resulting in unusual and outstanding achievement rendered while the U.S. Coast Guard is serving under Department of Transportation jurisdiction. c. The Coast Guard authorizes letter the "V" device. 31. Joint Service Achievement Medal a. Authorized by DoD Directive 1348.28, March 29, 1984 (reference (zzz)). b. Awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to members of the Armed Forces of the United States, below the grade of 0-6, who, while assigned to a joint activity after August 3, 1983, distinguish themselves by meritorious achievement or service. The required achievement or service, while of lesser degree than that required for award of the JSCM, must have been accomplished with distinction. 32. ·Army Achievement Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Army, April10, 1981. b. Awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States or foreign military personnel, who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S. Army in a noncombat area on or after August 1, 1981, distinguish themselves by meritorious service or achievement. The required achievement or service, while of lesser degree than that required for award of the Army Commendation Medal, must have been accomplished with distinction. The Army Achievement Medal shall not be awarded to general or flag officers. 33. Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, May I, 1961 --the award was originally known as the "Secretary of the Navy Commendation for Achievement." Redesignated the "Navy Achievement Medal" by the Secretary of the Navy July 17, 1967; on August 19, 1994, the award was again redesignated the "Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal." A-ll Achievement Medal" by the Secretary of the Navy July 17, 1967; on August 19, 1994, the award was again redesignated the "Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal." b. Awarded to members of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps in the rank of0-4 and below, for service performed on or after May 1, 1961. The Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal shall be awarded for professional and/or leadership achievement in a combat or noncombat situation based on sustained performance or specific achievement of a superlative nature. c. The Navy and Marine Corps authorized the letter "V" during Vietnam and subsequent to August 2, 1990. 34. Air Force Achievement Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force, October 12, 1980. b. Awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States and foreign military personnel, below the rank of 0-6, after September 30, 1981, who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S. Air Force, distinguish themselves by meritorious serviee or achievement. 35. Coast Guard Achievement Medal a. Authorized by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, June4, 1968. b. Awarded to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States for service performed on or after April 1, 1967, while serving with U.S. Coast Guard units. Specifically, the award shall be given for professional and/or leadership achievement in a combat or noncombat situation based on sustained performance or specific achievement of a supedative nature. c. Coast Guard authorizes the letter "V" device. 36. Commandant's Letter of Commendation Ribbon (U.S. Coast Guard) a. The Commandant's Letter of Commendation .is among the oldest of the awards presented to members of the U.S. Coast Guard. The ribbon was .established on March 17, 1979. b. Awarded to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States serving in any capacity with the U.S. Coast Guard for a~ act or service resulting in unusual or outstanding achievement, whose performance is lesser than that required for the Coast Guard Achievement Medal. 37. Combat Action Ribbon a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, February 17, 1969. A-12 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M b. Awarded to members ofthe U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Coast Guard, operating under the control of the U.S. Navy, in the grade of 0-6, or below, who have actively participated in ground or surface combat. Personnel who earned the Combat Infantryman Badge while members of the U.S. Army may be authorized to wear the Combat Action Ribbon instead. The principal eligibility criterion is that the Service members must have participated in a ground or surface combat fire fight or action during which they were under enemy fire and their performance while under fire must have been satisfactory. c. A Service member, whose eligibility has been established in combat in any of the following listed operations, is authorized the award of the Combat Action Ribbon. Only one award per operation is authorized, as follows: ( 1) Southeast Asia 1 Mar 61 -15 Aug 73 (2) Dominican Republic 28 Apr 65 -21 Sep 66 (3) USS LffiERTY (AGTR 5) 8-9 Jun 67 (4) USS PUEBLO (AGER 2) 23 Jan 68 (5) Operation FREQUENT WIND 28-30 Apr75 (6) Operation Mayaquez 15 May 75 (7) Grenada 24 Oct 83 -2 Nov 83 (8) Lebanon 20 Aug 82 -1 Aug 84 (9) Persian Gulf-Specific Units designated by SECNAV. (1 0) Operation Just Cause 20 Pee 89-31 Jan 90 (11) Operation Desert Storm 17 Jan 91-28 Feb 91 (12) Operation Restore Hope 5 Dec 92 -31 Mar 95 d. Ribbon bars are issued to personnel certified eligible; however, a medal is not authorized and a citation or certificate shall not be issued. For Service members who qualify in two or more operations, subsequent awards shall be indicated by the use of a Gold Star on the ribbon. A-13 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M APPENDIXB U.S. UNIT AWARDS A. Unit awards recognize entire organizations for outstanding heroism or achievement performed during periods of war, international tension, national emergencies, or extraordinary situations that involve national interests. They are not intended to recognize individual actions, but to acknowledge the combined efforts of the organization. With exception of the JMUA, the Secretaries concerned are responsible for the policies and procedures involving their Service unit awards. Specifics are outlined in Service Directives or, in the case of the JMUA, in Chapter 4 of this Manual and should be consulted for further information. B. Thefollowing subsections, B.l. through B.13., below, provide a brief description ofthe various unit awards authorized for the Armed Forces of the United States: 1. Presidential Unit Citation a. The Navy Presidential Unit Citation was authorized by Executive Order 9050 (reference (aa)). The equivalent award for Army units was known as the Distinguished Unit Citation and was authorized by Executive Order 9057, as superseded by Executive Order 10694 (reference (aaaa)). Both awards were subsequently redesignated the "Presidential Unit Citation." b. Awarded in the name of the President of the United States to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and cobelligerent nations for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy occurring on, or after, October 16, 1941, for U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps units, and on or after December 7, 1941, for U.S. Army units. The unit must have displayed such gallantry, determination, and esprit de corps in accomplishing its mission under extremely difficult and hazardous conditions to have set it apart and above other units participating in the same campaign. The degree of heroism required is the same as that which would be required for award of a Distinguished Service Cross to an individuaL c. Army and Air Force Service members, when authorized, shall wear an oak-leaf cluster for each additional award of the President Unit Citation. Navy and Marine Corps Service members shall wear the 3/16-inch bronze and silver star to denote subsequent unit awards. In addition to oak-leaf clusters and bronze and silver stars, the following devices are authorized specifically for wear on the service ribbon of the Presidential Unit Citation: (1) Gold "N" for the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to the U.S.S. NAUTILUS (SSN 571) for the period July 22, 1958 to August 5, 1958. (2) Bronze Globe for the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to the U.S.S. TRITON (SSR(N) 586) for the period February 16, 1960 to May 10, 1960. B-1 2. Joint Meritorious Unit Award a. Authorized by DoD Directive 1348.27, July 22, 1982(reference (bbbb)). b. Awarded in the name of the Secretary of Defense to joint activities for meritorious achievement or service, superior to that which is normally expected, under any of the following conditions: (1) During action in combat with an armed enemy ofthe United States. (2) In a declared national emergency situation. (3) Under extraordinary circumstances that involve national interests. c. Service members, when authorized, shall wear an oak-leaf cluster for each additional award of the JMUA. 3. Valorous Unit Award (Army) a. Awarded by the Department of the Army to units of the Armed Forces of the United States for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed .enemy of the United States under any of the following conditions: ( 1) When engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force. (2) While serving with friendly forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party for actions occurring on or after August 3, 1963. b. The Valorous Unit Award requires a lesser degree of gallantry, determination, and esprit de corps than that required of the Presidential Unit Citation. I 'i. c. Service members, when authorized, shall wear a bronze oak~Ieaf cluster for each additional award of the Valorous' Unit Award they receive. i.· 4. Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) a. Awarded by the Departmenf of the Army to units for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding services for at least six continuous m~nths during the period of military operations against an armed enemy occurring on or after January 1, 1944. Service in the : !! , I combat zone is not required; however, it must be directly related to the combat effort. B-2 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M b. Service members, when authorized, shall wear a bronze oak-leaf cluster for each additional award of the Meritorious Unit Award (Army) they receive. 5. Navy Unit Commendation a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, December 18, 1944. b. Awarded by the Secretary ofthe Navy to any unit of the U.S. Navy or U.S. Marine Corps which, subsequent to December 6, 1941, distinguished itself by either of the following: (l) Outstanding heroism in action against the enemy, but not sufficient to warrant award of the Presidential Unit Citation. (2) Extremely meritorious service not involving combat, but in support of military operations that was outstanding when compared to other units performing similar service. The Navy Unit Commendation may be awarded to other units of the Armed Forces of the United States and of friendly foreign nations serving with the Armed Forces of the United States provided such units meet the standards established by the Department of the Navy. c. Bronze stars are worn by Navy and Marine Corps to denote second and subsequent awards. 6. Air Force Outstanding Unit Award a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force, January 6, 1954. b. Awarded by the Secretary of the Air Force to units that have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service or outstanding achievement that dearly sets the unit above and apart from similar units. The service or achievement may be in the following: (1) Performance of exceptionally meritorious service of national or international significance. (2) Accomplishment of a specific outstanding achievement of national or international significance. (3) Combat operations against an armed enemy of the United States. (4) Military operations involving conflict with or exposure to hostile actions by an opposing foreign force. c. Certain devices, depending on the circumstances, may be worn on the service ribbon: B-3 ( 1) Oak-Leaf Cluster. A bronze oak-leaf cluster for subsequent awards when authorized. (2) "V" Device. A bronze "V" device when the award of the Air Force Outstanding . Unit Award is made to a unit for combat or direct combat support. 7. Coast Guard Unit Commendation a. Authorized by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, January 1, 1963. b. Awarded by the Commandant to any U.S. Coast Guard unit that distinguished itself by valorous or extremely meritorious service in support of U.S. Coast Guard operations. Such operations are noncombatant in nature and are considered outstanding when compared to other units perfonning similar service. The Coast Guard Unit Commendation may be awarded to other units of the Armed Forces provided such units meet the standards established by the U.S. Coast Guard. c. The Operational Distinguishing Device (silver letter "0") may be worn on the Service ribbon of the Coast Guard Unit Commendation when authorized. Gold stars are worn to denote subsequent awards. d. On January .2. 1990, the Commandant approved the awarding of unit commendations to civilian personnel when appropriate. 8. Army Superior Unit Award a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Army, AprilS, 1985. b. Awarded by the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, for outstanding meritorious performance of a unit of a uniquely difficult and challenging mission under extraordinary circumstances that involved the national interest during peacetime. The unit must display such outstanding devotion and superior performance of exceptionally difficult tasks as to set it apart and above other units with similar missions. 9. Meritorious Unit Commendation (Navy) a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, July 17, 1967. b. Awarded by the Secretary of the Navy to any unit of the U.S. Navy or U.S. Marine Corps that distinguished itself, by either valorous or meritorious achievement considered outstanding when compared to other units performing similar service, but not sufficient to justify award of the Navy Unit Commendation. Service may be under either combat or noncombat conditions. B-4 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M c. Bronze stars are worn by Navy and Marine Corps to denote second and subsequent awards. 10. Air Force Organizational Excellence Award a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Air Force, August 26, 1969. b. The Air Force Organizational Excellence Award is intended to recognize the achievements and accomplishments of U.S. Air Force organizations or activities that do not meet the eligibility requirements for the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award. c. Certain devices, depending on the circumstances, may be worn on the Service ribbon: (1) Oak-Leaf Cluster. A bronze oak-leaf cluster for subsequent awards when authorized. (2) "V" Device. A bronze "V" device when the award of the Air Force Organizational Excellence Award is made to a unit for combat or direct combat support. II. Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation a. Authorized by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, November 13, 1973. b. Awarded by the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, to any unit ofthe U.S. Coast Guard which has distinguished itself by either valorous or meritorious achievement or service in support of U.S. Coast Guard operations. Such operations are noncombatant in nature and are outstanding when compared to other units performing similar ser¥ice but not sufficient to justify award of the Coast Guard Unit Commendation Medal. The Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation Medal may be awarded to other units of the Armed Forces provided such units meet the standards established by the U.S. Coast Guard. c. The Operational Distinguishing Device (silver letter "0") may be worn on the Service ribbon of the Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation Medal when authorized. Gold stars are worn to denote subsequent awards. 12. Coast Guard Meritorious Team Commendation a. Authorized by the Commandant on December 22, 1993. b. Awarded by the Commandant and subordinate awarding authorities to groups or teams which do not constitute a Coast Guard unit (i.e., non-OPFAC small groups, such as teams, detachments, or sub-units). To justify this award, the individual members of these groups must have performed service which made a significant contribution to the group's overall outstanding accomplishment of a study, process, mission, etc. The service performed as a group or team B-5 must be of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of the Commandant's Letter of Commendation or higher to an individual. c. The Operational Distinguishing Device shall be worn on the ribbon bar if specifically authorized by the citation. Gold stars are worn to denote subsequent awards. 13. Navy "E" Ribbon a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy. b. That ribbon denotes permanent duty on and/or with ships or squadrons that won the battle efficiency competitions subsequent to July 1, 1974. c. The ribbon bar with one "E" device is worn for the first award. An additional "E" is worn for second and third awards. One wreathed "E" is worn to denote four or more awards. 14. Coast Guard "E" Ribbon a. Authorized by the Commandant of the Coast Guard on September 25, 1990. b. Awarded by the area commanders, that ribbon provides visible recognition for personnel of cutters earning the overall operational readiness "E" award during refresher training. All personnel serving aboard their unit for more than 50 percent of the period during which it undergoes refresher training are eligible for the "E" ribbon. Personnel serving less than 50 percent of the period, or personnel who are on leave or TAD during the evolution are not eligible, unless specifically recommended by the comm~ding officer. B-6 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M APPENDIXC DOD ACTIVITIES A WARDED THE JOINT MERITORIOUS UNIT A WARD DoD Activity Electronic Warfare During Close Air Support Joint Test Force Armed Force,s Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC Atlantic Command Electronic Intelligence Center 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron (USAF) Joint Deployment Agency U.S. Defense Attache Office San Salvador, El Salvador Joint Communications Support Element, U.S. Readiness Command Defense Language Institute English Language Center Intelligence Center Pacific Joint Special Operations Support Element, U.S. Readiness Command Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey, United States European Command Inclusive Dates I5 Mar 76-30 Sep 82 27 Mar 77 -3 Sep 86 I Jan 79 -3I Dec 83 I Feb 79 -I Feb 84 I May79-I4Apr87 I Oct 79 -30 Apr 8I I Nov 79 -3I Dec 83 I Jan 80-30 Juri 83 1 Sep 80 -2I Mat 83 30 Sep 80 -30 Sep 84 I8 Dec 80-30 Jun 86 United States Military Group I Jan 8I -7 Jun 85 El Salvador (1st Award) C-I United States Military Liaison Mission to CINC, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, United States European Command (EUCOM) Defense Nuclear Agency Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe Band U.S. Liaison Office Morocco Office of Military Cooperation Cairo, Egypt U.S. Defense Attache Office Nicosia, Cyprus Defense Mapping Agency U.S. Defense Attache Office, Tel Aviv, Israel HQ, U.S. Military Observer Group, U.N. Truce Supervision Organization Jerusalem, Israel U.S. Defense Attache Office Beirut, Lebanon U.S. Military Entrance Processing Command U.S. Military Training Mission to Saudi Arabia (1st Award) U.S. EUCOM Defense Analysis Center (2 Awards) U.S. EUCOM Defense Analysis Center Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Center, Indian Head, MD C-2 I Jan 8I -3I Mar 85 I Jul 81 -30 Jun 84 I Oct 8I -3I Mar 83 I Oct 8I -30 Jun 83 IOct8I-30Sep83 1 Jun 82 -31 Dec 83 I Jun 82 -I Jun 84 _ 1 Jun 82 -31 Mar 85 5Jun 82-5 Jun 83 8 Jun 82 -30 Sep 84 1 Jul 82 -30 Apr 85 22 Ju182-31 Dec 84 1Aug 82 -9 Apr 84 (and) 1 Aug 82-2 Jul 87 1 Aug 82 -2 Jul 87 ' 20 Aug 82 -7 Jun 84 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, Offutt AFB, NE Defense Fuel Region Caribbean Defense Logistics Agency Campaign Management Control Activity Central America Joint Intelligence Team, DIA Amphibious Construction Battalion Two White House Communications Agency (1st Award) Joint U.S. Military Aid Group Greece Joint Special Operations Command . DIA, Foreign Acquisition Team (Grenada) U.S. Military Training Mission to Saudi Arabia (2nd Award) 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron, 57th Fighter Weapons Wing, Tactical Air Command (2nd Award) U.S. Defense Attache Office, Islamabad, Pakistan U.S. Military Liaison Mission to the CINC, Soviet Western Group of Forces (U.S. EUCOM) Strategic Defense Initiative Organization Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force Signal Group JTF -Bravo, Honduras, U.S. Southern Command ( lst Award) U.S. Liaison Office, Kuwait 1 Oct 82 -30 Sep 85 1 Nov 82 -31 Jan 84 1 Mar 83-31 Jan 85 27 May 83 -1 Jun 86 2 Jul 83 -30 Oct 84 1 Aug 83 -31 Jul 85 1 Sep 83 -8 Aug 86 21 Oct 83-28 Oct 83 30 Oct 83-16 Nov 83 1 Jan 84 -1 Oct 86 2 Feb 84 -I Feb 87 1 Apr 84 -1 Apr 86 I Apr 84 -I Oct 90 24 Apr 84 -30 Apr 86 I Jul 84-30 Jun 86 I Aug 84 -31 Jut 87 I Oct 84 -30 Sep 86 C-3 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile Joint System Program Office U.S. Pacific Command Joint Casualty Resolution Center U.S. Pacific Command NAVSTAR Global Positioning Joint Program Office (I st Award) Armed Forces Courier Service Special Intelligence Squadron, U.S. Army Office of Military Support, Fort George G. Meade, Md Elements of the DIA ) Remote Operations Facility, Airborne, National Security Agency/Central Security Services (NSNCSS) U.S. Defense Attache Office, Tunis, Tunisia White House Communications Agency (2nd Award) Joint Special Operations Command and Certain of its Forces, Joint Special Operations Command Joint Electronic Warfare Center, San Antonio, TX U.S. Defense Attache Office, Manila, Republic of the Philippines Defense Attache Office, Managua, Nicaragua United States Military Group El Salvador (2nd Award) C-4 I Oct 84 -31 Dec 86 I Jan 85 -30 Jun 86 1 Jan 85 -31 Dec 86 1 Jan 85 -1 Jan 87 I Feb 85 -3 Nov 89 I Jun 85 -1 Jun 86 14 Jun 85-30 Jun 85 1 Aug 85 -1 Dec 86 1Aug 85 -31 Aug 89 8 Oct 85 -11 Oct 85 8'Jan 86-30 Sep 86 31 Jan 86-26 Feb 86 1Aug 86 -31 Mar 89 1Oct 86-2 Jun 89 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M U.S. Military Training Mission to Saudi Arabia (3rd Award) U.S. Defense Attache Office, Moscow Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center U.S. Liaison Office, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Defense Courier Service (1st Award) U.S. Military Group, Ecuador HQ, U.S. Transportation Command Menwith Hill Station, North Yorkshire, England, NSA/CSA(lst Award) Defense Attache Office, Panama City, Panama Operations/Telecommunications/ Computer Services Organizations, NSA/CSS Office of Military Cooperation, Bahrain, Central Command (CENTCOM). USCINCPAC Airborne Command Post U.N. Command Military Armistice Commission Secretariat (U.S. PACOM) U.S. Military Observer Group, United Nations Truce Supervision Organization Aviation Squadron HQ, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-DELTA (Airborne) Defense Attache Office, Bogota, Colombia, DIA 2 Oct 86-1 Jul 89 22 Oct 86 -1 Mar 87 1 Jan 87-31 Mar90 1Jan87-31Mar91 2 Jan 87-31 Dec 88 6 Apr 87 -30 Nov 89 17 Apr 87 -1 Oct 89 · 1 May 87 -1Sep 88 21 Jun 87-1 Jan 90 28 Jun 87-15 Dec 88 1 Aug 87 -31 Dec 89 1 Sep 87 -20 Apr 89 15 Sep 87-15 Sep 89 1 Oct 87 -1 Oct 88 1 Oct 87-16 Jun 89 1 Oct 87 -30 Sep 90 C-5 Defense Advisor, U.S. Mission to 1 Jan 88 -31 Dec 88NATO Brussels, Belgium On-Site Inspection Agency 15 Jan 88 -31 Dec 88 Defense Attache Office, Rangoon, 1 Mar 88-15 Oct 89Burma Operation Praying Mantis 18 Apr 88 -19 Apr 88 DoD Manager's Space Transportation 1 Jul 88-30 Jun 90 System Contingency Support Office Joint Casualty Resolution Center and 1 Sep 88 -31 Jul 89 Liaison Office, Bangkok JTF-Bravo, Honduras, 1 Jan 89 -31 Dec 89U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) (2nd Award) NAVSTAR Global Positioning System Joint 1 Jan 89 -28 Feb 91 Program Office (2nd Award) National Security C~uncil to the 20 Jan 89 -20 Jan 93White House JTF-5 U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) 10 Feb 89-9 Feb 91 JTF-4 U.S. Atlantic Command (LANTCOM) 27 Feb 89-2 Apr 91 Office of the Department ofDefense 22 Apr 89 -19 Jan 93Coordinator for Drug Enforcement Policyand Support, Office ofthe Secretafyof Defense :' · HQ, U.S. SOUTHCOM 11 May 89-31 Jan 90 Defense Attache Office, Beijing, 19 May 89-10 Jun 89People's Republic of China Joint Communications Support Element 19 May 89 -13 Jan 90(JCSE) U.S. Military Training Mission, Riyadh, 2 Jul89-30 Apr 91Saudi Arabia (4th Award) C-6 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348. 33-M HQ,EUCOM The Office of the USD(P) Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff Joint Staff Special Intelligence Squadron, U.S. Army Office of Military Support United States Military Group El Salvador (3rd Award) Joint Special Operations Command and Selected Units HQ, JTF-South (U.S. Southern Command) Defense Attache Office, Monrovia, Liberia Armed Forces Element, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency U.S. Military Group-El Salvador Hq Special Operations Command South White House Military Office (I st Award) Hq U.S. Special Operations Command Office of National Security Affairs, Office of the Vice President Defense Logistics Agency HQ, U.S. CENTCOM Denver Field Station, NSNCSA Cruise Missile Support Activity, USLANTCOM 1 Sep 89-31 Aug 91 1 Oct 89 -21 May 91 1 Oct 89 -1 Dec 90 10ct89-31Mar91 4 Nov 89 -19 Dec 91 11 Nov 89 -23 Dec 89 17 Dec 89-16 Jan 90 18 Dec 89-18 Jan 90 26 Dec 89-12 Oct 90 1 Jan 90 -31 Jul 91 1 Jan 90-16 Jan 92 1 Feb 90 -31 Dec 9 3 1 Jul 90-10 Dec 90 I Aug 90 -30 Oct 93 2 Aug 90 -26 Feb 91 2 Aug 90 -28 Feb 91 2 Aug 90 -21 Apr 91 2 Aug 90 -28 Feb 91 2 Aug 90 -28 Feb 91 C-7 DARPA Men with Hill Station, North Yorkshire, England, NSA/CSA (2nd Award) HQ, U.S. Space Command Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center (2nd Award) United States Pacific Command Cruise Missile Support Activty, PACOM Joint Electronic Warfare Center Defense Information Systems Agency Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/ Topographic Center (2nd Award) Staff of Commander, Maritime Air Forces, Mediterranean Office of Defense Cooperation, Netherlands Office of Defense Cooperation, Spain Joint Signal Group Allied Land Forces and Sixth Tactical Air Force Immediate OSD and Deputy Secretary of Defense I' Directorate for Correspondence and Directives WHS Sixth Allied Tactical Air Force Joint US Mil Mission for Aid to Turkey Military Assistance Program Amman, Jordan HQ, Special Operations Command and Control, King Fahd International Airport (CENTCOM) C-8 2 Aug 90-28 Feb 91· 2Aug90-1Mar91 2 Aug 90 -2 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -12 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -15 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -15 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -15 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -31 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -23 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -25 Mar 91 2 Aug 90-25 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -31 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -31 Mar 91 2 Aug 90 -31 Mar 91 2Aug90-31Mar91 2 Aug 90 -31 Mar 92 2 Aug 90 -21 Apr 91 2 Aug 90 -15 Apr 91 · Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M U.S. Office of Military Cooperation 2 Aug 90 -21 Apr 91 Muscat, Oman Office ofthe Assistant Secretary of 2 Aug 90 -31 May 91 Defense for Reserve Affairs U.S. Office of Military Cooperation, Bahrain 2 Aug 90-15 Jun 91 HQ, U.S. Transportation Command 2 Aug 90-31 Jul 91 · U.S. Office ofMilitary Cooperation 2 Aug 90 -30 Nov 91Cairo, Egypt American Forces Information Services (AFIS) 2 Aug 90 -1 Aug 91 Office ofthe Assistant Secretary of 2 Aug 90 -2 Aug 91 Defense (Public Affairs) Joint U.S. Military Mission for Aid to Turkey 2Aug 90-30 Sep 91 Defense Mapping Agency Combat Support Center 2 Aug 90 -30 Sep 91 (2nd Award) Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE) 4 Aug 90 -21 Apr 91 CENTCOM Headquarters Allied Air Forces Southern 7 Aug90-15Mar91 Europe, Allied Command Europe NATO Airborne Warning and Control System 7 Aug 90 -16 Mar 91 E-3A Component NSA/CSS Representative Central Command/ 7 Aug 90 -22 Apr 91Forward (NCR CENTCOMIFWD) Defense Courier Service (2nd Award) 9 Aug 90 -31 May 91 Armed Services Medical Regulating Office 15 Aug 90-31 Mar 91 Joint Task Force Six 1 Oct 90 -30 Sep 92 Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff 2 Dec 90 -31 May 92 C-9 Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar 11 Dec 90 -10 Apr 91 JTF PROVEN FORCE (EUCOM) 23 Dec 90-31 Mar 91 Joint Special Operations Task Force SOCOM 28 Jan 91 -4 Mar 91 Special U.S. Liaison Advisor, Kore~. 1 Mar 91 -28 Feb 94 Defense Reconstruction Assistance Office, 7 Mar 91-30 Mar 91Kuwait Combined Task Force PROVIDE COMFORT 5 Apr 91 -16 Jul 91 Joint Task Force Four 6 Apr 91 -30 Apr 92 Joint Communications Support Element 22 Apr 91-30 Jun 93 Hq Special Operations Command Central 22 Apr 91 -5 Apr 94 JTF-SEA ANGEL 10 May 91-13 Jun 91 JTF-FIERY VIGIL . 10 Jun 91 -28 Jun 91 Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute 14 Jun 91-31 May 96 Joint Intelligence Center Pacific 3 Jul91-1 Apr94 Combined Task Force PROVIDE COMFORT II 17 Jul91-30 Jun 93 Hq U.S. Transportation Command 1 Aug 91 -30 Jun 93 EUCOM Joint Analysis Center 1 Oct 91 -1 Oct 93 Joint Task Force Guantanamo 22 Nov 91 -2 Jul 93 Joint Task Force Full Accounting 21 Jan 92-28 Feb 93 U.S. Military Observer Detachment-Jerusalem, UN 1 Mar 92 -1 Mar 95Truce Supervision Organization (4th Award) U.S. Office of Mil Cooperation, Kuwait 1 Apr 92 -30 Jun 94 Hq U.S. European Command 1 Apr 92 -31 Dec 94 C-10 Defense Evaluation Support Activity White House Military Office (2nd Award) U.S. Component on Iraq, Chemical Destruction Group, UN Special Commission on Iraq Hq U.S. Strategic Command Unified Task Force Somalia U.S. Office of Mil Cooperation, Cairo Hq U.S. Atlantic Command Hq U.S. Central Command Defense Plant Representative Office McDonnel Douglas Long Beach HQS Joint Task Force Provide Relief U.S. Army Office of Military Support Joint Task Force Southwest Asia Hq U.S. Pacific Command Unified Task Force Somalia Defense Nuclear Agency (2nd Award) Joint Task Force PROVIDE PROMISE Military Liaison Office, Mogadishu, Somalia Ballistic Missile Defense Organization Hq U.S. Transportation Command Joint Special Ops Command (Task Force Ranger) U.S. Army Office of Military Support Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M 1 May 92 -30 June 95 1Jun92-31Jan93 18 Jun 92-14 Jun 94 1 Jun 92 -22 Sep 93 5 Dec 92 -4 May 93 1 Jul 92 -30 Jun 94 1 J ul 92 -31 Oct 94 1 Aug 92 -4 May 93 1 Aug92-31 Jan 95 17 Aug 92 -8 Dec 92 26 Aug 92-31 Aug 93 26 Aug 92-31 May 95 1 Sep 92-30 Sep 95 5 Dec 92 -4 May 93 1 Jan 93-31 May 95 1 Feb 93 -31 Jan 94 4 May 93 -15 Sep 94 13 May 93-19 Jun 95 1 Jul 93 -30 Jun 96 22 Aug 93-25 Oct93 1 Sep 93 -31 May 95 C-11 USCENTCOM Intel Spt Element Group 2, Somalia United States Military Observer Group Washington U.S. Liaison Office, Kenya Joint Communications Support Element Joint Advanced Strike Technology Program Office North Atlantic Treaty OrganiZation U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Joint Task Force PROVIDE PROMISE Hq U.S. Southern Command Defense Logistics Agency Hq Special Operations Command Central Combined Task Force PROVIDE COMFORT Joint Task Force 160 Joint Task Force 160 The Joint Staff (to include OCJCS and DIA/J-2) Bureau of Political-Military Affairs Defense Mapping Agency Joint Task Force SUPPORT HOPE Defense Information Systems Agency Joint Task Force Distant Haven Johnston Atoll, Field Command Joint Task Force Safe Haven 7 Sep 93 -15 Sep 94 1 Oct 93-14 April 96 6 Oct 93 -23 Mar 95 19 Oct 93-12 Mar 95 1 Jan 94 -31 Aug 95 1Jan94-31Dec95 1 Jan 94 -31 Jan 96 1 Feb 94 -31 Jan 95 1 Feb 94 -15 Oct 95 17 Feb 94-1 Oct95 6 Apr 94 -16 Mar 95 1 May 94 -30 Jun 95 20 May 94 -8 Feb 96 24 May 94 -8 Feb 96 1 Jun 94 ., 1 Jan 95 I Ju194 -31 Dec 95 . 21 Ju1 94 -30 Apr 96 23 Jul 94 -7 Oct 94 29 Jul 94 -1 Jul 96 19 Aug 94-31 Oct 94 23 Aug 94-17 Oct 94 26 Aug 94 -1 Mar 95 C-12 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M Hq Joint Special Ops Task Force 188 Hq Joint Task Force 180 Hq Joint Pysch Ops Task Force (Haiti) Hq Combined Joint Task Force 190 Hq U.N. Mission in Haiti Joint Interagency Task Force West U.S. Office of Mil Cooperation, Kuwait Hq U.S. Military Training Mission, Saudi Arabia Hq U.S. Central Command UN Command Military Armistice Commission Hq Multinational Forces -Haiti Combined Task Force UNITED SHIELD Joint Task Force PROVIDE PROMISE Joint Task Force Safe Border Joint Interagency Task Force East Hq U.S. Forces Haiti Hq U.N. Mission in Haiti USCINCEUR (FWD) C2 Det (Operation Quicklift) Hq U.S. Forces Haiti Joint Logistics Support Group 4 Sep 94 -20 Jan 95 II Sep 94 -24 Oct 94 11 Sep 94 -24 Oct 94 11 Sep 94-14 Jan 95 1 Oct 94 -31 May 95 1 Oct 94 -1 Apr 96 7 Oct 94 -10 Dec 94 8 Oct 94 -15 Dec 94 8 Oct 94 -16 Mar 9 5 17 Dec 94 -30 Dec 94 4Jan 95-31 Mar95 9 Jan 95 -3 Mar 95 1 Feb 95 -15 Mar 96 11 Mar 95 -25 Jul 95 12 Jun 95-4 Aug 95 1 Jun 95 -29 Oct 95 1 Jun 95 -29 Oct 95 3 Jul 95 -11 Aug 95 30 Oct 95 -5 Mar 96 20 Jan 96-15 Apr 96 C-13 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M APPENDIXD U.S. SERVICE MEDALS. CAMPAIGN MEDALS. AND SERVICE RffiBONS A. The Navy Good Conduct Medal, originally in the form of a badge, authorized in the late 1800s, was the first award specifically designed to recognize the military service of an individual. Since that time there have been over 80 different service medals, campaign medals, and service ribbons designed. B. The following subsections, B. I. through B.9., are brief descriptions of the various service medals, campaign medals, and service ribbons that have been authorized for the Armed Services of the United States. With the exception of Defense awards, the Secretaries concerned are responsible for the policies and procedures involving their service awards. Specific eligibility requirements are outlined in Service directives or, in the case of Defense awards, this Manual and should be consulted in determining an individual's eligibility. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is authorized to make exceptions to policy on U.S. Service medals and campaign medals. That authority may not be delegated below the DJS. 1. Navy Good Conduct Medal a. Established by the Secretary of the Navy, April26, 1869. b. Awarded on a selective basis to recognize 3 years of continuous active duty, above average conduct, and proficiency by enlisted Service members in the regular U.S. Navy or U.S. Naval Reserve. c. A bronze star shall be worn on the suspension and service ribbon of the Navy Good · Conduct Medal for subsequent awards ofthe medal.. 2. Marine Coms Good Conduct Medal a. Established by the Secre~of the Navy, July 20, 1896. b. Awarded on a selective basis to recognize 3 years of continuous active duty to enlisted Service members in the Regular U.S. Marine Corps or U.S. Mariite Corps Reserve to recognize good behavior and faithful service in the U.S. Marine Corps. c. A bronze star shall be worn on the susp~nsion and service ribbon of the Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal for subsequent awards of the medal. D-1 3. Dewey Medal a. Authorized through "An Act to Commemorate the Victory of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898," June 3, 1898. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members who were assigned to any of the following ships on May 1, 1898: (1) U.S.S. OLYMPIA (2) U.S.S. CONCORD (3) U.S.S. BOSTON (4) U.S.S. RALEIGH (5) U.S.S. MCCULLOCH (6) U.S.S. BALTIMORE (7) U.S.S. PETREL c. The medal was also known as the "Manila Bay Medal" and commemorated the Battle of Manila Bay. 4. Cardenas Medal of Honor a. Authorized through" A Resolution to Establish the Cardenas Medal of Honor," May 3, 1900. b. Awarded exclusively to members of the U.S. Revenue Cutter HUDSON for action. during the Spanish-American War. Intended to recognize the gallantry of the officers and men of the USRC HUDSON who in the face of enemy fire towed the U.S.S. WINSLOW out of range of the enemy guns at Cardenas Harbor. 5. Specially Meritorious Medal a. Authorized through Public Resolution 17, March 3, 190I. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members for acts of specil:llly meritorious military service, other than in combat, during the war with Spain. Service members who qualified for subsequent awards wore an inscribed bronze bar on the suspension ribbon of the meda!; however, that medal w~seldom awarded. Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M 6. Sampson Medal a. Authorized through the same legislation which established the Specially Meritorious Medal, March 3, 1901. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members by the Secretary of the Navy for military service of unusual merit in the waters of the West Indies and on the shores of Cuba between April27, and August 14, 1898. c. A bronze bar, bearing the name of the Service member's ship, was worn on the suspension ribbon of the medal. 7. Spanish Campaign Medal (Army) a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1905. b. Awarded for military service in, or on the high seas en route to, any of the following countries: (1) Cuba between May 11 and July 17, 1898. · (2) Puerto Rico between July 24 and August 13, 1898. (3) Philippine Islands between June 30 and August 16, 1898. 8. Philippine Campaign Medal (Army) ·a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1905. b. Awarded. for military service in the Philippine Islands under any of the following conditions: (1) Ashore between February 4, 1899, and July 4, 1902. (2) Ashore in the Department of Mindanao between February 4, 1899 and December 31, 1904. (3) Against the Pulajanes on Leyte between July 20, 1906 and Ju~e 30, 1907, or on Samar between August 2, 1904 and June 30, 1907. (4) With any of the following expeditions: (a) Against Pala on Jolo between April and May 1905. D-3 (b) Against Datu Ali on Mindanao in October 1905. (c) Against hostile Moros on Mount Bud-Dajo, Jalo in March 1906. (d) Against hostile Moros on Mount Bagsac, Jolo, between January and July 1913. (e) Against hostile Moros on Mindanao or Jolo between 1910 and 1913. (5) In any action against hostile natives in which U.S. troops were killed or woundedbetween February 4, 1899, and December 31, 1913. 9. China Campaign Medal a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1905. b. Awarded for military service ashore in China with the Peking Relief Expeditionbetween June 20, 1900, and May 27, 1901. 10. Philippine Congressional Medal a. Established by Congress through 34 Stat. 621, June 29, 1906. b. Awarded for military service meeting all the following conditions: (1) Under a call ofthe President and entered the U.S. Army between April21, andOctober 26, 1898. (2) Served beyond the date on which entitled to discharge. (3) Was ashore in the Philippine Islands between Februel!Y 4, 1899 and July 4, 1902. 11. Civil War Campaign Medal (Anny) a. Established by the Secretary ofWar in 1907. b. Awarded for military service between April15, 1861 and April9, 1865, or in Texasbetween April 15, 1861 and August 20, 1866. 12. Indian Campaign Medal a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1907. D-4 Sep 12, 96DoD 1348.33-M b. Awarded for military service in a campaign against any tribes or in any areas listed iD subparagraphs B.12.b.(1) through B.l2.b.(2)(k), below, during those indicated periods. (1) Southern Oregon, Idaho, northern California, and Nevada between 1865 and 1868. (2) Comanches and confederate tribes in Kansas, Colorado, Texas, New Mexico, and Indian Territory between 1867 and 1875. (a) Modoc War in 1872 and 1873. (b) Apaches in Arizona in 1873. (c) Northern Cheyennes and Sioux in 1876 and 1877. (d) Nez Perce War in 1877. (e) Bannock War in 1878. (f) Northern Cheyennes in 1878 and 1879. (g) Sheep-Eaters, Piutes, and Bannocks between June and October 1879. (h) Utes in Colorado and Utah between September 1879 and November 1880. (i) Apaches in Arizona and New Mexico in 1885 and 1886. (j) Sioux in South Dakota between November 1890 and January 1891. (k) Hostile Indians in any action in which U.S. troops were killed or woundedbetween1865 and 1891. 13. Civil War Campaign Medal (Navy) a. Authorized by the Secretary ofthe Navy, June 27, 1908. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members for military serviceduring the Civil War between April 15, 1861 and April 9, 1865.. 14. Spanish Campaign Medal (Navy and Marine Corps) a. Authorized by the Secretary ofthe Navy, June 27, 1908. D-5 b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members for military service afloat or on shore in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, or Guam between April20, 1898 and December 10, 1899. 15. Philippine Campaign Medal (Navy) a. Authorized by the Secretary ofthe Navy, June 27, 1908. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members who served on shore in the Philippine Islands between February 4, 1899 and July 4, 1902, or on shore in Nundanoa, cooperating with the U.S. Army between February 4, 1898 and December 31, 1904. Additionally, Service members serving on certain vessels in the area were also authorized that medal. 16. China Relief Expedition Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary ofthe Navy, June 27, 1908. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members who served on shore in China with the Peking Relief Expedition between May 24, 1900 and May 27, 1901. Also, Service members assigned to the following ships at the same time were eligible for the award: (1) U.s.s: BROOKLYN (2) U.S.S. IRIS (3) U.S.S. NASHVILLE (4) U.S.S. NEWARK (5) U.S.S. WHEELING (6) U.S.S. ZAFIRO (7) U.S.S. BUFFALO (8) U.S.S. MONOCACY (9) U.S.S. NEW ORLEANS (10) U.S.S. SOLACE (11) U.S.S YORKTOWN 17. Army of Cuban Pacification Medal a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1909. b. Awarded for military service in Cuba between October 6, 1906 and April1, 1909. 18. Navy Cuban Pacification Medal a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, August 13, 1909. D-6 Sep 12, 96 DoD 1348.33-M b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Coips Service members who served ashore in Cuba between September 12, 1906 and April1, 1909, or attached to certain ships in the same period of time. 19. Nicaraguan Campaign Medal a. Authorized by President Woodrow Wilson's letter, "Authority for Nicaraguan Campaign Badges," September 22, 1913 (reference (ecce)). b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members who served in Nicaragua, or aboard the following ships, between July 29 and November 14, 1912: (1) U.S.S. ANNAPOLIS (2) U.S.S. CLEVELAND (3) U.S.S. DENVER (4) U.S.S. MARYLAND (5) U.S.S. CALIFORNIA (6) U.S.S. COLORADO (7) U.S.S. GLACIER (8) U.S.S. TACOMA (landing party) 20. ·Army of Cuban Occupation Medal a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1915. b. Awarded for military service in Cuba between July 18, 1898 and May 20, 1902. 21: Mexican Service Medal (Army) a. Established by the Secretary of War in 1917. b. Awarded for military service in any of the following expeditions or engagements: (1) Vera Cruz Expedition (Mexico)--between April24 and November 26, 1914. (2) Punitive Expedition (Mexico) --between March 14, 1916 and February 7, 1917. (3) Buena Vista, Mexico--December 1, 1917. (4) San Bernardino Canon, Mexico--December 26, 1917. (5) LeGrulla, Texas--January 8 through 9, 1918. (6) Pilares, Mexico --March 28, 1918. D-7 (7) Nogales, Arizona--between November 1 through 5, 1915, or on August 27, 1918. (8) El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mexico--June 15 through 16, 1919. (9) Any action against hostile Mexican forces in which U.S. troops were killed or wounded between April12, 1911, and February 7, 1917. 22. Haitian Campaign Medal (Navy) a. Authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, June 22, 1917. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members whoserved in Haiti between July 9 and December 6, 1915, or were assigned to shipsserving in the Haitian Campaign. 23. Mexican Service Medal (Navy) a. Authorized by the Secretary ofthe Navy, February 11, 1918. b. Awarded to U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Service members who served ashoreduring the Vera Cruz Expedition between April21 through 23, 1914. Also, awarded to Servicemembers who served aboard certain ships between April21 and Novem~r26, 1914, andbetween March 14, 1916 and February 7, 1917. 24. Spanish War Service Medal