/ 
 

i 
 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 A D, 1776—1826, 
 
 Printed Under the Auspices 
 
 of THE 
 
 NEW BRUNSWICK 
 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 Rev. W. O. Raymond, M. A. 
 
 ST. JOHN, N. B.: 
 
 The Sun Printing Company Ltd. 
 
 1901. 
 
P / 0 l+ 3 
 
 - 
 
 OJPBICBBS 
 
 - OF THE - 
 
 New Brunswick: 
 Mistoricnl Society. 
 
 (ELECTED NOVEMBER 25, 1900.) 
 
 PRESIDENT: 
 
 P. R. Inches, M. I). 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS : 
 
 Jonas Howe. 
 
 Rev. W. C. Gaynor. 
 
 SECRETARY: 
 
 Clarence Ward. 
 
 CORRESPONDING SECRETARY: 
 
 D. R. Jack. 
 
 TREASURER: 
 
 H. H. Pickett. 
 
 LIBRARIAN: 
 
 George Hendeeson. 
 
 MEMBERS OP COUNCIL : 
 
 S. D. Scott, W, P. Dole, 
 
 Rev. W. O. Raymond, Lt-CoL Wm Ctinard. -<1^ 
 
 George U. Hay. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This hook will he found to contain the largest and most important 
 collection of public and private papers relative to the early history of the 
 maritime provinces that has hitherto been published. No private col¬ 
 lection of papers in Canada, with perhaps the single exception of the 
 Chipman papers, can compare with the Winslow collection as regards the 
 length of the period that it covers, the number of writers represented, and 
 the variety of subjects with which it deals. 
 
 Some years ago the editor learned of the existence of the collection 
 and was invited by Mr. Francis E. Winslow of Chatham, in whose keeping 
 the greater part of the papers were, to examine them with a view to their 
 preservation in some permanent form. The importance of such a step 
 became apparent upon the most cursory inspection. The editor indeed 
 found himself well nigh overwhelmed with the extent and variety of the 
 materials available for historical purposes and the greater part of his 
 leisure time during the last two years has been devoted to the task of 
 digesting and arranging them for publication. Large as the volume is, as 
 now printed, it does not begin to represent the mass of materials of varying 
 degrees of interest and importance to be found in the original collection. 
 
 In addition to the papers in possession of Mr. Francis E. Winslow 
 there have been added a considerable number of letters and documents 
 kindly loaned by other members of the Winslow family, and the editor’s 
 obligations are especially due to Mr. Edward Pelham Winslow of Stratford, 
 Ont., and Miss Mary Winslow, of Woodstock, N. B. Several letters written 
 by Edward Winslow and a few other documents of interest have been 
 added, of which the originals are to be found among the Chipman papers. 
 
 In the arrangement of the papers as now printed the chronological 
 order has been adhered to as far as possible. A copious index has been 
 prepared which will be found to add very greatly to the value of the book 
 for purposes of reference. 
 
 Some idea of the variety of topics with which the volume deals may 
 be gathered from the fact that it contains about six hundred and fifty 
 letters and documents written by about one hundred and seventy different 
 persons and covering a period of nearly fifty years. The editor’s task has 
 been chiefly one of selection and arrangement with the addition of such 
 foot notes as will enable anyone to read the pages of the book intelligently 
 even though not conversant with the subject in hand. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 More than one hundred and fifty of Edward Winslow’s letters are 
 printed, the originals of which are, in most instances, rough drafts, doubt¬ 
 less often improved in the final letter. The versatility of Winslow’s pen is 
 really extraordinary, and posterity will confirm the judgment of his con¬ 
 temporaries that, as a letter writer, among his many correspondents he 
 knew no peer. 
 
 The character of Edward Winslow as depicted in the pages of this hook 
 is worthy of admiration. He was a splendid specimen of the Tory of olden 
 time, loyal to his king and country, strong in his adherence to the prin¬ 
 ciples in which he believed, true in his friendships and his resentments 
 not lasting, a good son and tenderly devoted to the happiness of his 
 family. His energy and activity in public affairs was limited only by the 
 opportunities of service afforded him and by the condition of his health. 
 A generous and sympathetic nature rendered him always alive to the 
 necessities of the unfortunate. To this characteristic of his nature the 
 words of his life long friend Sir John Wentworth attest when he observes 
 in a letter to Judge Chipman, shortly after Judge Winslow’s decease, that 
 his late friend’s usefulness to others had occupied those exertions which 
 his family had reason to lament had not been more directly applied to his 
 own advantage. 
 
 Edward Winslow will he found to be his own best biographer. His 
 virtues and his failings are alike truthfully portrayed in his writings; to 
 the reader of this hook is entrusted the formation of a just opinion of his 
 character. He enjoyed the friendship and esteem of some of the fore¬ 
 most men of his generation, many of whose letters will be found in the 
 pages that follow. 
 
 The publication of the Winslow papers is rendered practicable by the 
 generous aid of Mr. Francis E. Winslow'. The volume appears, as is very 
 proper, with the imprimatur of the New' - Brunswick Historical Society, 
 which has also contributed towards its publication. The editor’s task 
 has been a labor of love in which he has been greatly cheered by the 
 interest manifested in the book in advance by many whose opinion lie 
 greatly values. 
 
 The “Winslow Papers” will be found to shed much li°dit upon the 
 attitude of the Loyalists in the American Kevolution and the circumstances 
 that attended their settlement in the maritime provinces at the close of 
 the war. The book will also be found to be a veritable mine of informa¬ 
 tion with regard to the circumstances under which the Province of New 
 Brunswick sprang into existence. The leading incidents of our early pro¬ 
 vincial history, social and political, are clearly portrayed, and much light 
 thrown upon the somewhat obscure period dating from the beginning of 
 the past century dowm to the close of the war of 1812 . 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In view of the fact that the book is intended as a memorial of the life 
 and work of Judge Edward Winslow, as well as a repository of historic 
 facts, no apology is needed for the insertion of much that is of a personal 
 character. The letters to his own family and the pathetic story of his 
 death will not to the general reader be the least interesting portion of the 
 volume. The responsibility for all that has been published rests solely 
 with the editor who has done his work to the best of his ability amidst 
 the many interruptions and distractions incident to a busy life. 
 
 The editor has to express his obligation to various members of the 
 Winslow family for their confidence in entrusting to his judgment the 
 selection of all that is printed in this volume. Cordial thanks are also 
 tendered to Sir John Bourinot, Dr. W. E. Ganong, and Mr. S. D. Scott, for 
 timely suggestions; to Jonas Howe, Ward Chipman Hazen, Joseph Ewing 
 and Harry Piers, for use of letters and assistance in procuring illustrations; 
 and to many others for their friendly interest displayed in a great variety 
 of ways. 
 
 WILLIAM 0. RAYMOND. 
 
 St. John, N. B., July 9, 1901. 
 
List of Illustrations. 
 
 Page. 
 
 1. Old Winslow House at Plymouth,. 7 
 
 2. Winslow House at Woodstock, N. B,; group of Judge Winslow’s 
 
 descendants, . 11 
 
 3. Old Fort Howe, .. .. 99 
 
 4. View of Halifax in 1783,. 150 
 
 5. Old Chipman House at St. John, .278 
 
 6. Old and New Parliament Buildings at Fredericton, .. .. 354 
 
 7. Sir John Wentworth, Bart., Lieut. Gov’r of Nova Scotia, . . 399 
 
 7a View of Campobello in 1777 482 
 
 8. Church at Natley Scures, Hants, England, where Lieut. Gov’r. 
 
 Carleton is buried, .541 
 
 9. Lord Sheffield, . 588 
 
 10. Hon. Sampson Salter Blowers, Chief Justice of Nova Scotia, .. 614 
 
 11. The Prince’s Lodge, .632 
 
 12. John Francis Wentworth Winslow,.646 
 
 13. Hon. Ward Chipman, Chief Justice of New Brunswick, .. .. 656 
 
 14. Old view of Fredericton, .670 
 
 15. Edward Winslow, Jr.,.705 
 
 16. Fac simile of Autographs,.713 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The late Judge Winslow of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick 
 was a lineal descendant of Edward Winslow, the Mayflower pilgrim and 
 first Governor of Plymouth Colony. His ancestry may be traced back to 
 Kenelm Winslow of Kempsey, County of Worcester, England, who died 
 in 1607. To Kenelm Winslow was born by his wife Catharine, in 1560, 
 a son Edward. This Edward Winslow (the first of the name so far as we 
 know) was the progenitor of a long list of namesakes. He lived at Drort- 
 wich, England. He was twice married, and the oldest son by his second 
 wife, whose maiden name was Magdalene Ollyver, was Edward, the May¬ 
 flower pilgrim. From him, as the first of the name in America, the Wins¬ 
 lows of New Brunswick trace their descent as follows: 
 
 1. Edward—son of Edward and Magdalene Winslow, born 1595, died in 
 
 1654, aged 59 years. By his second wife, Susannah White (widow 
 of William White) he had tw o children, Josiah and Elizabeth. ' 
 
 2. Josiah—son of Edward and Susannah Winslow, born 1628, died in 
 
 1680, aged 52 years. Married 1657 Penelope Pelham. 
 
 3. Isaac—son of Josiah and Penelope Winslow, born 1670, died in 1738, 
 
 aged 68 years. Married Sarah Wensley. 
 
 4. Edward—son of Isaac and Sarah Winslow, of Marshfield, bom 1713, 
 
 died at Halifax June 9, 1784, aged 71 years. Married Hannah. 
 (Howland) Dyer. 
 
 5. Edward—son of Edward and Hannah Winslow, bom February 20, 
 
 1746; died May 13, 1815, aged 69 years. By his wife Mary he had 
 a numerous family, including Daniel Murray, Mary, Thomas Aston 
 Coffin, Penelope, Ejdward, Hannah, Sarah Ann, Christiana Ban¬ 
 nister, John Francis Wentworth, Eliza Chipman, Catherine. 
 
 6. John Francis Wentworth—son of Judge Edward and Mary Winslow, 
 
 born at Kingsclear, New Brunswick, in 1793, died at Woodstock, 
 N. B., October 14, 1859, aged 66 years. He married Sept. 25, 
 1823, Jane Caroline, youngest daughter of Andrew Bainsford, 
 Esq., Beeeiver General. Their children were Francis Edward, 
 John Coffin, Mary, Edward, Elizabeth Bainsford, Wentworth, 
 Thomas Braidshaw and Edward Byron. 
 
 A few words with reference to these several generations will not be 
 amiss. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [. Introductory . 
 
 (1) Edward Winslow of Mayflower fame, the first ancestor in Am¬ 
 erica, joined the Pilgrims at Leyden, Holland, where in 1618 he married 
 Elizabeth Barker. Not long afterwards he and his yonng wife left the 
 comforts of a luxurious home to encounter the perils of an ocean voyage 
 in a frail little ship. It was on the 22nd of December, 1620, the May¬ 
 flower arrived at Plymouth, aud the little Pilgrim Colony began life anew 
 in a wilderness whose solitudes were broken only by the cries of the wild 
 beasts, or perhaps the still more fearful war whoop of the savage. The 
 poor young wife died a few months after she came to America. Edwaid 
 Winslow, as already stated, was the first Governor of Plymouth Colony 
 and no individual contributed more to its establishment and success than 
 he. He combined great energy with an extensive knowledge of men and 
 affairs. He was sent to England four times as agent of the Colonies. He 
 died in 1654 at sea, on his return from the West Indies, where he had 
 been sent by Oliver Cromwell as a commissioner to superintend an expedi¬ 
 tion to the Spanish West Indies. 
 
 For further information respecting Governor Edward Winslow and 
 his immediate descendants, the reader is referred to W. T. Davis’ “Ancient 
 Landmarks of Plymouth.” See also Wm. S. Russell’s “Guide to Ply¬ 
 mouth,” pp. 238-240. 
 
 (2) Governor Winslow’s son Josiah, like his father, filled the office 
 of Governor of the Plymouth Colony, and was a man of much influence 
 and ability. 
 
 (3) Hon. Isaac Winslow, of Marshfield, filled various positions of 
 public trust. He had several children, whose names are of special interest 
 to the people of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; among them were John, 
 Elizabeth and Edward. The eldest of these, General John Winslow, is 
 well known for the part he was called upon to play in the Expulsion of the 
 Acadians. The journal of his doings in that connection will be found in 
 the Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, Vol. III., pp. 71- 
 196. Gen. John Winslow’s son Pelham was a Loyalist, and at the evacu¬ 
 ation of Boston in 1776 came with the army to Halifax; he married 
 Joanna, daughter of Gideon White. Elizabeth Winslow, sister of General 
 John Winslow, married Colonel Benjamin Marston, and their son Benja¬ 
 min was an active Loyalist, who at the peace in 1783 was employed as 
 Chief Engineer in laying out the Town of Shelburne, and afterwards was 
 the first Sheriff of Northumberland County. 
 
 (4) Edward Winslow, brother of General John Winslow, was an 
 accomplished scholar and gentleman of fine presence and engaging man¬ 
 ners. He was a generous host, and his mansion was often filled with a 
 distinguished company, the aristocracy of the Old Colony. The old Wins¬ 
 low Mansion is still standing on North Street, Plymouth, within a stone’s 
 
Old Winslow House at Plymouth. 
 
Introductory.-] WINSLOW PAPERS. 7 
 
 throw of Plymouth Kock; the following description is condensed from the 
 Boston Herald of March 24, 1889. 
 
 The honse is a large square one with fluted Corinthian comers and 
 an air of old English solidity, which at once marks it as a residence of 
 some former leader of the Colony. It was built about the year 1754 by 
 Edward Winslow, a great grandson of Governor Winslow, who purchased 
 the land from Consider Howland (a grandson of John Howland, one of 
 the Mayflower Pilgrims) and is still commonly called “the Winslow house. ’ 
 The lofty lindens by the front door were planted in 1760 by the fair hands 
 of Edward Winslow’s daughter. A big. hall-way runs from front'to back 
 of the house and on either side are lofty square rooms. Up stairs, in the 
 front, the rooms are very high, with high wainscoating, deep recessed 
 window seats and queer old-fashioned mouldings around the ceilings. At 
 the front of the house is divided into two stories, while the rear contains 
 three. The house was confiscated and sold after the Winslows abandoned 
 it at the time of the Revolution. 
 
 Edward Winslow was a man of note in the community. From 1757 
 to 1762 he was one of a Board of select-men, and in 1760 was Treasurer 
 of the colony. In conjunction with his son, Edward Winslow, Jr., he 
 held the offices of Collector of the port, Registrar of Probate and Clerk 
 of the Court of Common Pleas. Deprived of his offices in 1775, he so¬ 
 licited permission to remove to New York, and in 1781 joined the British 
 garrison in that City, the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Henry Clinton, allow¬ 
 ing him a pension of £200 per annum, with rations and fuel. On August 
 30, 1783, he embarked at New York, with his family and servants, and 
 on September 14th arrived at Halifax, where he died a few months later 
 at the age of 72 years. He was accorded a public funeral, the pall bearers 
 being Governor Wentworth, Lieut. Governor Fanning, Hon., Arthur 
 Gcold, Brigadier General John Small, Hon. Foster Hutchinson and Henry 
 Lloyd, Esq. The funeral was attended by Governor Parr, the General 
 commanding the Forces, and many prominent officials, including the 
 Executive Council of Nova Scotia. 
 
 The tomb of Edward Winslow will be found in the upper right hand 
 corner of old St. Paul’s grave-yard, opposite Government House, in Hali¬ 
 fax. The stone is a flat slab, gray in color, with the following inscription; 
 “Sacred to the memory of Edward Winslow, Esquire, who died 
 the 9th of June, 1784, in the 72nd year of his age. Descended 
 from a race of ancestors, Governors of the ancient Colony of Ply¬ 
 mouth, he in no one instance degenerated from their loyalty or 
 virtue, but while he filled the first offices, became as conspicuous 
 by public integrity as he was amiable in the milder shades of 
 private life. Although his fortunes suffered shipwreck in the 
 
8 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [. Introductory. 
 
 storm of Civil War, and he forsook liis native country from an 
 attachment to his sovereign, neither his cheerful manners nor the 
 calm reward of conscious rectitude forsook him in old age. He 
 died as he lived, beloved by his friends and respected by his 
 enemies.” 
 
 The widow of the elder Edward Winslow survived her husband for 
 twelve years. She died and is buried at Fredericton, and the following 
 is the epitaph on her tombstone: 
 
 “Sacred to the memory of Hannah Winslow, widow of Edward 
 Winslow, Esq., formerly of Plymouth, in the Province of Massa¬ 
 chusetts Bay, who died on the 23rd day of May, 1795, whose 
 unaffected piety, peculiar dignity of manners, serenity of temper 
 and benevolence of heart rendered her justly and universally re¬ 
 spected to her latest hour. This tribute is erected by her chil¬ 
 dren.” 
 
 (5) Edward Winslow, son of the above, afterwards Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of New Brunswick, was a graduate of Harvard in 1765. 
 He was one of the founders of the Old Colony Club, and his address in 
 1770 was the first ever delivered at an anniversary of the Landing of the 
 Pilgrims. He was his father’s assistant in the various offices which the 
 latter held, and was also Naval Officer of the port. At the breaking out 
 of the Revolution he was loyal to the crown. When Lord Percy led the 
 expedition to relieve Major Pitcairn at Lexington on April 19th, 1775, 
 young Winslow was his guide. He received from General Gage the ap¬ 
 pointment of Collector of the Port of Boston and Registrar of Probate for 
 Suffolk County. On the evacuation he went to Halifax, carrying with 
 him all the Records, and also the Royal Coat of Arms from the Council 
 Chamber. The Records were returned in good order after the peace, but 
 the Coat of Arms remained and now hangs on the walls of Trinity Church, 
 St. John. 
 
 Sir William Howe appointed him Secretary of the Board of Officers, 
 of which Lord Percy was President, for the distribution of donations to 
 the troops, sent out from England by private munificence. Returning to 
 New York he was appointed Muster-Master-General of the Loyalist forces 
 with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. 
 
 “Head Quarters, New York, 30th July, 1776. 
 “Edwarid Winslow, Esq., to be Muster-Master-General to the Pro¬ 
 vincial Troops taken into His Majesty’s pay within the Colonies lying in 
 “ the Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to West Florida inclusive. 
 
 (Signed) “Stephen Kemble, Deputy Adjutant Gen.” 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Introductory .] 
 
 He was actively engaged throughout the war and had deputy muster- 
 masters at various centres such as Halifax, Ehode Island, Hew York, 
 Philadelphia, and in Florida and the Carolinas. In 1779 he commanded 
 the Associated Eefugees at Ehode Island and served in two campaigns. 
 At the close of the war he was sent to Nova Scotia by Sir Guy Carleton, to 
 make arrangements for the disbanding and settlement of the Loyalist 
 Regiments. He was at this time appointed Military Secretary to the 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Nova Scotia. He was largely in¬ 
 strumental in promoting the division of the old Province of Nova Scotia, 
 and had General Fox accepted the post offered him of Governor of New 
 Brunswick, Edward Winslow would have been our first Provincial Secre¬ 
 tary. He was appointed a member of His Majesty’s Council for the Pro¬ 
 vince. He held in addition the offices of Surrogate, and Surveyor of the 
 King’s Woods for New Brunswick under Sir John Wentworth and was 
 the presiding Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of 
 York. 
 
 It was not, however, until he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court in 1807 that he received the reward justly his due for long con¬ 
 tinued and disinterested public services. The following year he was, for 
 a short time, Administrator of the Government as Senior member of the 
 Executive Council. He died at his residence “King’s Wood” on May 
 13, 1815. 
 
 A beautiful double light Memorial Window has been lately placed in 
 St. Mary’s Chapel, Chatham, N. B., which bears the following inscription: 
 
 “To the Glory of God and in Memory of the Honorable Ed¬ 
 ward Winslow, Judge of the Supreme Court, and one of the Loy¬ 
 alists of the Province. Died May 13, A. D., 1815, AE. 69 years. 
 
 He was a descendant of Governor Winslow of Plymouth, Mass. 
 
 —Loyal to Church and King—Faithful to all duties of his public 
 and private life—A good Son, an affectionate Husband and 
 Father, and a True Friend. This window was erected by his 
 grandson, F. E. Winslow.” 
 
 (6) John Francis Wentworth Winslow in his boyhood was a clever 
 lad, as is shown by the fact that when but nine or ten years of age he 
 occasionally acted in the capacity of amanuensis for his father, whose 
 hands were not infrequently crippled by severe attacks of rheumatic gout. 
 Among the “Winslow papers” of the years 1802-3 there are some in his 
 boyish hand. When about 14 years of age he was gazetted an Ensign in 
 the Nova Scotia Fencibles, and shortly afterwards joined the regiment at 
 Newfoundland. Finding that the influences brought to bear upon him 
 in this Corps were undesirable—many of the officers being dissipated—he 
 
10 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [. Introductory. 
 
 was by his father’s influence transfered in 1810 to the 41st Regiment in 
 Upper Canada. He served in the war of 1812, and was with General 
 Brock at the taking of Detroit and at the battle of Queenstown Heights. 
 He displayed great coolness and courage at the unfortunate battle of 
 Sackett’s Harbor. At the close of the war in 1814, on the disbanding of 
 his regiment he was placed on half pay. He returned to Hew Brunswick 
 and was with his father in his last illness. He married Sept. 25, 1823, 
 Jane Caroline Rainsford, a lady who was universally beloved and admired 
 by all who had the privilege of knowing her. She survived her husband 
 many years and died April 4th, 1891, at the age of 90 years and 6 months. 
 The Rainsford family were noted for their longevity. Mrs Winslow’s 
 mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Cummings, was the mother 
 of sixteen children, several of whom lived to a great age. 
 
 John Francis Wentworth Winslow was a namesake of the Governor 
 of Nova Scotia, in fact Sir John and Lady Wentworth were his God par¬ 
 ents, and always took the most affectionate interest in him. When the 
 County of Carleton was organized in 1832, Mr. Winslow was appointed 
 High Sheriff, the tenure of office to be for life or during good behaviour. 
 He held office until 1856, discharging the duties, which were often of an 
 arduous and sometimes dangerous nature, to the satisfaction both of the 
 government and of the public. The County of Carleton at first extended 
 from Eel River to the St. Francis, a distance of more than 150 miles. 
 During the period of the so called “Aroostook war” the duties of his posi¬ 
 tion called for the exercise of great tact combined with firmness and 
 courage. Sheriff Winslow possessed these qualities in an eminent degree 
 and managed to maintain friendly relations with the American author- 
 ties on the border, continuing the while to exercise jurisdiction in the 
 “disputed territory” until the Aroostook valley was awarded to the United 
 States by the Washington Treaty in 1842. Another ordeal through which 
 he passed was during the time of the Woodstock riots in 1847, when his 
 manly and impartial conduct bore good fruit in maintaining the suprem¬ 
 acy of the law and restoring good fellowship. 
 
 In the year 1856 Sheriff Winslow was removed from office for poli¬ 
 tical reasons. He was reappointed the next year, but again displaced. 
 This occasioned much feeling on the part of his friends, and was a sore 
 disappointment to the Sheriff. personally. Some two hundred letters ex¬ 
 pressive of sympathy and esteem were sent in from all parts of the country 
 signed by the best adherents of both political parties. At least a thou¬ 
 sand individuals joined in the remonstrance. 
 
 Sheriff Winslow did not long survive his retirement to private life. 
 He died at his residence at Upper Woodstock in October, 1859, aged 66 
 years. As a citizen, he was the soul of honor, one of those men of whom 
 

 
Winslow House at Woodstock, 
 
 Group of Judge Winslow’s descendant 
 
Introductory.'] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 11 
 
 it might be said “his word was as good as his bond.” He was a faithful 
 auld devoted member of the Church. His mortal body lies beside that of 
 his wife beneath the shadow of a lofty elm in the old churchyard at 
 Woodstock, and the monument, erected to his memory, hears the inscrip¬ 
 tion; . ' 
 
 “A staunch' friend, a generous opponent,- a faithful offifeialydn 
 honor unstained; of loyalty unimpeachable, and respected even 
 by his enemies.” - ' ; •(> • . • 
 
 Seven of his family, survived him, live.of whom are still living in Hew 
 Brunswick, viz.-Francis Edward Winslow, Manager of’ the i tBank of 
 Montreal at Chatham for 32 ‘ years past; Mary and Wehtworth \Wnslow of 
 Woodstock; Edward Byron Winslow, Barrister, of Ered-erietoh, and 
 Thomas Bradshaw Winslow, clerk'in the Crown Land Offige^ Fredericton. 
 
 John Coffin Winslow, for many years (Post Master.-at- Woodstock, died 
 at that place a few years ago. 
 
EXPLANATORY NOTE. 
 
 For the selections contained in the pages that follow the responsibility 
 rests solely with the writer of this Note. It was manifestly impossible—- 
 and if possible not desirable—to copy the whole of the immense collection 
 of “Winslow Papers,” containing as it does hundreds of letters and docu¬ 
 ments of all degrees of interest and importance. With such an abund¬ 
 ance of materials there was of course much difficulty in making choice of 
 what should appear in these pages. The writer could only endeavor to 
 use his best judgment. This he has done. 
 
 In not a few of the letters it will be found that parts are omitted— 
 the omissions being indicated by asterisks or other marks. Such omissions 
 were necessary in order to keep the work within bounds. Examination 
 of the original letters will, however, show that the portions omitted are 
 usually either lacking in historic interest, or are merely repetitions of 
 that which is told elsewhere. 
 
 The instances in which it has seemed advisable for any other reason 
 to omit portions of letters of a private and confidential nature are surpris- 
 ingly few, in view of the fact that the correspondents were numbered by 
 the score and included all classes of men. As for Winslow himself, few 
 men have so little reason to be ashamed of anything they may have writ¬ 
 ten as he. 
 
 W. 0. Raymond. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Jonathan Sewall to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Dear hied: 
 
 Sc * * 
 
 London, Brompton-row, No. 1, 
 Jan’ry 10, 1776. 
 
 * Sc Sc . Sc Sc Sc 
 
 I am out of all patience at hearing, from you and others, the accounts 
 of your Sufferings—what Excuse can he Form’d for a British Admiral, 
 who, with 30 or 40 Ships under his Command, suffers a G-arrison to starve 
 tho’ surrounded with plenty of every Necessary within the reach of his 
 Ships; who tamely & supinely looks on and sees Fishing Schooners, 
 Whale-boats and Canoes riding triumphant under the Muzzles of his Guns, 
 & carrying off every Supply destined for your relief. Heaven grant you 
 patience, & reward every one according to the Deeds done in the Body. 
 I can tell you for your comfort, that he is cursed as hard on this side of 
 the Water, as he can he on yours—he has now no Advocate here & I be¬ 
 lieve will scarcely find a Friend in England upon his return. I hope by 
 this time, you are relieved in some measure, as out of the great Number 
 of Ships w’ch have sailed loaded with provisions & Coal, it will be hard 
 indeed, if some don’t get in safe, in spite of the Vigilance of the Rebels, & 
 the Inactivity of Trunnion. I verily believe your Sufferings are drawing 
 near a period—you will undoubtedly have, early in the Spring, an Army 
 of 40,000 & a Fleet of upwards of 70 Ships, & then the Mettle of the 
 Rebels will be try’d—hitherto their successes have been owing to their 
 having none to oppose them—the poor infatuated Wretches, as yet, know 
 Nothing of War—they have been treated as fro ward Children heretofore, 
 but now, they will be treated as incorrigible Traitors. I pity, I feel for 
 the Majority, but, for their Sakes, I wish the vengeance of G. Britain may 
 speedily overtake their base Deluders. 
 
 I wish you were here Ned, with Money enough in your pocLet—you 
 can have no idea what a noble Country this is for a Gentleman—every 
 Thing is upon an immense Scale—whatever I have seen in my own Coun¬ 
 try, is all Miniature, yankee-pu ppet-show. I was at Court the Day before 
 yesterday, being the Queen’s Birth Day, (I am now at the 20th) & I be¬ 
 lieve in my Conscience, the prime Cost of the Dresses I saw there, was 
 sufficient to have purchased our whole Continent—the Wealth of this 
 Country is truly astonish ins’, but unless a -Gentleman can get his Share of 
 
14 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1776 
 
 it, he has no Business here—£600 per An. is hut as a Drop in the Ocean 
 —the Man is lost—he is Nothing—less than Nothing and Vanity—& his 
 Contemplation of his own comparative Littleness, is Vexation of Spirit—- 
 hut, humiliating as it is, I wish to stay here for the Sake of giving my 
 Boys a Chance for the grand prizes which every professsion presents to 
 view—howeveT, I fear, the cold, inhospitable, Lilliputian Region of Hali¬ 
 fax will finally bring me up; for as to Massachusetts Bay, I wish it well, 
 but I wish never to see it again till I return at the Millenium—No, be¬ 
 lieve me, Ned, the Mad Conduct of my Countrymen has given me a Dose 
 I shall never get over—God mend them, & bless them—bnt let me never, 
 never be cursed with a residence among them again. I hate the Climate 
 where Rebellion and Fanaticism are ingendered—& I would shun it as I 
 would a country infested with the plague—from all which, good Lord, 
 deliver me. I thank you for writing to me, & beg for such favors every 
 opportunity & in return, you shall have frequent Scribblings from, dear 
 Ned, 
 
 Your faithful Friend &c. 
 
 x Jon. Sewall.* 
 
 Appointment as Muster-Master-General. 
 
 Head Quarters, New York, 
 
 30th July, 1776. 
 
 Edward Winslow, Esq., to be Muster-Master-General to the Provin¬ 
 cial Troops taken into His Majesty’s pay within the Colonies lying on the 
 Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to West Florida inclusive. 
 
 Stephen Kemble,! 
 
 Deputy Adjutant General. 
 
 *Jonathan Sewell was a graduate of Harvard and attorney general of 
 Massachusetts, and, prior to the Revolution, the intimate friend of John Adams, 
 He was eloquent and gifted. His estate was confiscated by the Americans. He 
 went to England in 1775. He held the appointment of judge of the admiralty 
 for Nova Scotia from 1769 until his death. He came out to New Brunswick in 
 17S8 and died at St. John Sept. 26, 1796. (See letter in this book under date 27th 
 Sepit., 1796). The elder Ward Chipman was his protege. His wife, - Esther 
 Quincy, was sister to the wife of John Hancock, the first signer of the declara¬ 
 tion of independence. He died in Montreal Jan. 21, 1810. Jonathan Sewell’s 
 eldest son and namesake became chief justice of Quebec. 
 
 •(•Stephen Kemble was born in New Brunswick, in New. Jersey, in 1740. At 
 the age of seventeen he was an ensign in the 44th regiment. He served in the 
 French war, and rose by successive gradations of rank until he was colonel in 
 the 60th, or Royal American Regiment of Foot, and was deputy adjutant gen¬ 
 eral, in 1772, of the British forces in North America. In 1805 he retired from 
 the army. He received a grant of 20.000 acres of land on the St. John river, 
 which included a large portion of the parishes of Hampstead and Greenwich. 
 He died in 1822, aged 81 years. See article by Jonas Howe on “Kemble Manor” 
 in New Brunswick Magazine for September, 1898. 
 
1776] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 15 
 
 Edward Winslow to Col. Patterson, Adjutant General. 
 
 New York, 6th, Nov’r, 1776. 
 
 Sir:—At the request of Brig. Gen. Delancey I attended at Hamp¬ 
 stead on Long Island the 28th ulto. & mustered all those who have en¬ 
 listed in his Brigade and were not included in my returns of the 4th inst. 
 I cannot make a better apology for any errors in my method of proceed¬ 
 ing than by observing that all the battalions which are to form this bri¬ 
 gade are at present incomplete, & I am not able to obtain from Mr. Porter, 
 or others any precedent or form for such partial musters; I am therefore 
 reduced to the necessity of establishing a kind of. system for myself and 
 I have endeavored to calculate my reports so as to answer those purposes 
 which you were pleased to tell me were expected viz., “ascertaining the 
 whole number of effectives & also the particular numbers raised by each 
 Captain.” When any one of the battalions is perfect I shall engross the 
 companies of which it is formed & return one regular roll. 
 
 I most humbly beg to trouble you once more on the subject of the 
 donations* in my custody—Among ’em are 4,000 flannel waistcoats, 7 or 
 8,000 yards fine warm baize, a considerable quantity woolen caps, mittens 
 and gloves, and 12 Hogsheads shoes all of which are very scarce articles 
 here & would he particularly useful to the army at this time. I have 
 made several applications to Earl Percy for a meeting of the hoard of 
 General Officers, that a distribution might he made. The fear of in¬ 
 curring his Lordship’s displeasure prevents me from repeating my request. 
 At present the goods remain in store subject to some risque & totally 
 useless. If I can he favor’d with any directions respecting them I shall 
 immediately obey—I am with great respect, 
 
 Yr. most obed’t & h’hle serv’t, 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Col. Patterson. 
 
 E. Bridgham to Edward Winslow. 
 
 December 5th, 1776. 
 
 Dear Sir,— 
 
 I have sent you pr. John all the papers you required. 
 
 Major Rogers, Captains Grant and Campbell and another Captain 
 who is raising another independent Company were all here yesterday 
 enquiring for you to muster their men. They were all extremely anxious 
 to have it done as till then they cannot receive pay, &c. Major Rogers 
 sent an officer to you Express, whether he found you, you can best tell— 
 
 *These donations were provided by generous individuals in England. See 
 references in this book under date January 12, 1778; also under Edward Wins¬ 
 low’s memorial, Dec. 28, 1780. 
 
16 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1776-77 
 
 If it could with propriety be done I would muster them for you with all 
 my heart. General Howe sailed this day for Amboy with all his Family 
 & Baggage. It is reported that Gen. Cornwallis is at Prince-Town within 
 forty miles of Philadelphia. 
 
 A vessel arrived yesterday from Halifax. Reports by her are that 
 a considerable body of rebels have landed in that Province and have be¬ 
 sieged Fort Cumberland. The people in Halifax are in great conster¬ 
 nation. It is said Gen’l Massey has requested of Gen. Howe a reinforce¬ 
 ment of 2,000 men. * * * 
 
 Capt. Grant has this minute called upon me, says that Capt. Mc¬ 
 Kenzie is going to the Jerseys, refuses paying him till his company is 
 mustered. 
 
 Yrs. &c., 
 
 E. Bridgham,* Deputy-MusterMaster. 
 
 Governor Montfort Browne to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Flushing, February 6th, 1777. 
 
 Dear Sir—Lieutenant Colonel Pattinsont is arrived here last night, 
 and has brought me a copy of the General orders of Monday in which the 
 General has appointed him to my corps. As it will take up some time to 
 arrange matters with him respecting the regiment, I am apt to think I 
 cannot have the pleasure of seeing you in Hew York before Saturday 
 morning. * * * I have just rec’d an express order from 
 
 the neighborhood of Rie that ninety odd fine young fellows are lying hid 
 at a lady’s farm. I have therefore ordered Capt. Hoyt hither without 
 delay, and I am about arming the new schooner with swivells, &e., which 
 my people cut out of Rayway river in the Jerseys. 
 
 We all met yesterday at Mr. Cumlines and spent a very chearfull day. 
 Your company would have added exceedingly to our jollity, but suppose 
 from a multiplicity of business you forgot your promise. 
 
 Adieu and believe me, with the greatest amity 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most obedient & most 
 
 humble Servant, 
 
 Montfort Browne. 
 
 P. S. My best compliments to my worthy friend McKenzie. 
 
 *Ebenezer Bridgham had been a merchant in Boston. He was at this time 
 Colonel Winslow’s deputy at New York. Later he was a deputy inspector of 
 provincial forces under Lt. Col. Alex. Innes. He went to St. John in 1783 and 
 was a grantee of Parr Town. 
 
 f Lieut. Col. Thomas Pattinson, according to Sabine, died at Charleston, 
 South Carolina, prior to December, 1782. 
 
1777] ' 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 17 
 
 Benjamin Kent to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Boston Feb’y 24th, 1777. 
 
 Sir — 
 
 These acquaint yon that your Father Edward returning to Plymouth, 
 by a Fall dislocated his shoulder hut soon had it restor’d. Mrs. Solomon 
 Davis died at Plymouth last Thursday. 
 
 When Mr. Temple returned to Boston he informed me that you said 
 the Files and Records of our Court of Probate* were carried to Halifax. 
 I beg to know of you what is become of them & also that you would use 
 your interest that by some means the Files of that Court may be had by us, 
 for I believe they were carried away from Boston through your kindness. 
 They can be of no service to you or your Friends, but are of very great 
 importance to us & doubt not but you will do what you or your superiors 
 shall judge proper to be done in the premises and you will greatly oblige 
 many Thousands beside 
 
 Your serv’t 
 
 —-- Benj’n Kent.t 
 
 Gov. Montfort Browne to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Flushing, 22nd June 1777. 
 
 Sir,—I pay’d you a visit yesterday morning to acquaint you that your 
 presence is much wanted at my head quarters in order to muster about 
 eighty or ninety men which are a part of those in whom I place particular 
 confidence—it is possible I may receive many more,ere your arrival here, 
 as they only waited for Captain Hoyt’s armed sloop; Governor Wentworth 
 wishes you would call upon him in your way hither as he purposes doing 
 me the honor of a visit, and waits at home for that purpose. 
 
 A Company of Gentlemen, each of good fortune, are in their way 
 hither to joyn me, they decline pay, or any emolument whatsoever, some 
 of them are already arrived, and all of my acquaintance. I shall request 
 the General’s permission to put them all into one Company: Such spirited 
 conduct deserves applause. I did intend writing on this subject to my 
 worthy friend McKenzie, but upon second thoughts, suppose he wishes 
 I would not trouble him with matters out of his line—I am in vast haste. 
 Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t & most humble serv’t, 
 
 Montfort Browne, j: 
 
 P. S. Write me a line. 
 
 *See letter of Edward Winslow to G. W. Murray, dated April 7, 1811. 
 
 f Benjamin Kent, of Boston, graduated at Harvard in 1727, and was a per¬ 
 sonal friend of Adams and Hancock. He, however, cast in his lot eventually 
 with the Loyalists. He died in Halifax in 1788, aged 81 years. 
 
 JMontfort Browne was commander of the Loyalist corps called the Prince 
 of Wales American Regiment* with the rank of brigadier general. He was 
 lieutenant governor of West Florida in 1768-1769, and afterwards governor of the 
 Bahamas. 
 
18 WINSLOW PAPERS [1777 
 
 Edward Winslow, Esq., Muster-Master-General of Provincial Forces—to 
 Ward Chipman, Dr.: 
 
 July, 1777. 
 
 For assisting him in his office from 10th July to 24th October 
 
 inclusive being 107 days at 5s pr. diem.£26 15 0 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lt. Col. Innes.* 
 
 Long Island, 31st Oct’r, 1777. 
 
 Sir,—I this day communicated the order of the Com’r in Chief to 
 Brig. Gen’l Skinner relative to the men inlisted by Mr. Maddox—I also 
 paraded Maddox company at Decker’s ferry & discharged therefrom 32 
 men whose names are in the list enclosed, all of whom acknowledged that 
 they were taken from the prison ships & that they were formerly in rebel 
 privateers, &c.—these I committed to a guard of 25 men who had orders 
 to escort ’em to the ships from which they were taken. It was my inten¬ 
 tion to have mustered all the battalions in Brig. Gen’l Skinner’s Brigade, 
 of which I had given previous notice to t.he respective commanding offi¬ 
 cers, hut on my arrival at Staten Island I found it impracticable. Before 
 the late storm they were encamped on the Hill near the redoubts in huts 
 of their own forming, roofed with poles and covered with earth. By the 
 violence & long continuance of the rain those huts were entirely destroyed 
 & the men reduced to- the necessity of seeking shelter wherever they could 
 find it. They are now scattered over almost every part of the island, & 
 very many of ’em are sick with agues, rheumatics and other disorders. In 
 such a state it was impossible to collect them. I therefore requested Brig. 
 Gen. Skinner to give me notice when he was ready for a ^ereral muster. 
 As soon as I receive information from him I shall attend. * * * 
 
 I am Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Valley of Hadad,t Saturday Night 29th: Nov: ’77. 
 
 Dear Winslow, 
 
 I have been anxiously expecting to hear from you since my last which 
 was written & sent while you remain’d at the Hook, but am fearful your 
 passage was equally tedious & disagreeable with your stay here, as several 
 Arrivals within these few days give no Intelligence of you, we have how- 
 
 *Lieut. Colonel Alexander Innes was inspector general of all the Loyalist 
 (or provincial) troops during the Revolutionary war. In April, 1779, he was 
 gazetted lieut. colonel of the South Carolina Royalists. See further concerning 
 him under date Dec. 28, 1780. 
 
 fA place in the vicinity of New York City. See Winslow’s references under 
 June 22nd. 1778. 
 
1777] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 19 
 
 ever at last the pleasing account of the reduction of the Forts on the Dela¬ 
 ware, which have so long been the object of general expectation, which 
 will, I hope, facilitate your immediate accession to Head Quarters. Noth¬ 
 ing of great importance has occurred here since you sailed, * -what circum¬ 
 stances are worth relating I will endeavor to recollect. For this fortnight 
 past the Rebels have regularly every night landed in small narties on 
 Staten Island, generally without effect, sometimes taking off two or three 
 of the Picket Guards stationed along the shore, this conduct however is 
 very distressing to the troops there, as they are kept constantly alarmed, & 
 have not during all that time had one night in bed. Last Wednesday 
 night they seem to have meditated a serious attack. Gen’l Dickinson 
 landed with 14 or 15,00 men, with some pieces of artillery, hut upon dis¬ 
 covering some Frigates coming down early in the morning, upon the 
 signal Gun for that purpose being fired, he returned to the Jerseys, taking 
 off a Lieut. Buskirk & a few men of Buskirk’s Corps:! as I learn from 
 general Report. Gen. Clinton went down, but returned early in the after¬ 
 noon on Thursday. At the same time a party attacked somewhere near 
 Kingsbridge, hut to as little purpose I believe, tho’ I have not vet been, 
 able to learn the particulars.—On Tuesday night a party of the Villians 
 landed at Bloomingdale, | & after having plundered, set fire to Gen’l 
 Delancey’s house, and took off one or two of the guard which he kept 
 there, from the first Battalion, who being employed upon working upon 
 his farm, in the day time, of course slept all night, which prevented a 
 seasonable Discovery of their intention. About.the same time two or 
 three Persons were intercepted in an attempt to make their escape from 
 the City, who being searched and examined, have led to the discovery of 
 a plot formed by a number of the Inhabitants, to set fire to the City upon 
 an attack being made from without; thirteen are said to be found out & 
 3 or 4 sentenced to he hanged;—since this discovery, whether in conse¬ 
 quence of any connection between them I know not, all the rebel officers 
 
 *With the army under General Howe to Philadelphia, where there were 
 some Loyalist corps to be mustered. 
 
 f This was the fourth battalion of the Loyalist corps, called the New Jersey 
 Volunteers, the commander of which was Lieut. Colonel Abraham Van Buskirk.. 
 HiS commission is dated Nov. 16, 1776. The majority of the corps were of Dutch 
 extraction.. Col. Van Buskirk was the first mayor of Shelburne, N. S., but 
 many of his men settled in the parish of Kingsclear and others ait Fredericton. 
 
 J Bloomingdale, on Manhattan Island, was the country seat of General 
 Oliver DeLancey. It was at that time in the suburbs of New York but has long 
 since been incorporated in the city limits. The incident here referred to is re¬ 
 lated in detail in Jones’ Loyalist History of New York. Brig. Gen. Oliver De¬ 
 Lancey in 1776 raised for the king’s service three battalions, which are men¬ 
 tioned in this letter. (See Jones’ Loyalist Hist, of N. Y., vol. 1, p. 264.). At the 
 peace in 1783 the first and second battalions received a large grant of land at 
 Woodstock, N. B. The Griffiths, Smiths and others of that place are descended 
 from officers of that corps. Most of the third battalion of DeLancey’s brigade 
 settled in Queens and Sunbury counties. 
 
20 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1777 
 
 on this Island were surprised about 2 in the mom’g a few days ago and 
 hurried off by the assistance of the militia & the Volunteer Company 
 called together for that purpose, & sent on board ship; not one of them, 
 to our great joy is left.—The Battalion from Satauket* is now stationed 
 about 3 miles below Col. Ludlows, on the north side of the plain, & that 
 from Huntington at Jamaica, which saved me great trouble in the muster; 
 since their removal the Rebels have landed at Huntington & taken off 
 some Friends to Government. A general attack is daily threatened, & 
 the destruction of the City warmly anticipated, as we could collect by 
 People that have come in; but I think we shall be quite safe if the re¬ 
 inforcement talk’d of, arrives from Gen’l Howe’s Army. There have 
 been & still continue frequent Desertions from the Provincial Corps at 
 Kings-bridge;—Genl. Skinner’s Brigade! is not yet reduced to three Bat¬ 
 talions, as we expected; I wish to know if it is a measure determined upon, 
 as in that case, I shall defer entering them in the Books, till it takes place. 
 I shall enclose you an exact State of the Provincial Troops, from the last 
 muster, which I have just completed, you will observe those detach’d to 
 the Chasseurs, make an additional casuality, this I tho’t best, as that com¬ 
 pany seems now to be established, & it gives a very erroneous idea of some 
 of the Battalions, to have those thus detach’d, considered as a part of their 
 present effective strength—particularly the independent Companies, as 
 you will see by inspection. By comparing this State of the Provincial 
 Troops with that you carried .with you, you will see the “total inlisted” 
 in this, owing to the recruits, considerably exceeds them in that, & yet 
 the “total Privates present,” falls short; this is owing to those in the ad¬ 
 ditional Casuality being considered as present, in the former State. Most 
 of the abstracts for pay, are signed, if you should not return soon, which 
 I anxiously hope you will, I shall wish for your directions with respect 
 to the next muster. 
 
 *The third battalion of DeLancey’s brigade was commanded by Colonel 
 Gabriel G. Ludlow, with Lieut. Col. Richard Hewlett second in command. The 
 men of this battalion were nearly all natives of Queens County, Long Island, 
 N. Y. The battalion stationed at Huntingdon at this time was the first, com¬ 
 manded by Brigadier Gen. DeLancey in person, with Lieut. Col. John Harris 
 Cruger as second in command. The second battalion was at Kingsbridge, above 
 New York. It was commanded by Colonel George Brewerton, with Lieut. 
 Colonel Stephen DeLancey (the general’s son) second in command. 
 
 fThe New Jersey Volunteers comprised at first six battalions. The corps 
 was raised about the latter part of the year 1776 by the efforts of Brig. Gen. 
 Cortlandt Skinner. The corps was known as ‘’Skinner’s Greens,” probably on 
 account of the color of uniform. Officers and men were chiefly natives of New 
 Jersey, Pennsylvania and New York. In the engagement at Staten Island, 
 Aug. 22, 1777, the brigade lost quite heavily, and in consequence the first and 
 fifth battalions were amalgamated in April, 1778. The third and sixth bat¬ 
 talions were consolidated into one about the same time. Finally in 1781 the 
 second battalion was merged with the others, thus reducing the original six 
 battalions to three. These at the close of the war were commanded by Lieut. 
 Colonels Stephen DeLancey, Isaac Allen and Abraham Van Buskirk. 
 
1777] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 21 
 
 I have, agreeable to your directions, waited on Gov. Wentworth, & 
 presented him a state of the Provincial Troops, with which he appeared 
 highly gratified, & was induced to say things which I had no right to 
 expect; he made such unsolicited offers of assistance upon his arrival 
 in England, as encouraged me to make known my situation exactly: & he 
 has kindly promised to make particular inquiry into the cause of my diffi¬ 
 culties. His civility was beyond expression, and as I am generally em- 
 barassed on such occasions, I fear I appeared very awkward in expressing 
 my gratitude; I wish if you have an opportunity, you would let him know 
 the peculiarly grateful sense I entertain of his kindness; as it is the only 
 return that will ever be in my power to make, 
 
 Bridgham was mistaken in the account he first gave me of the Dona¬ 
 tions, he since tells me that, Genls. Vaughan, Robertson & Jones as a 
 board appointed the person I mentioned, as knowing best to whom to 
 distribute them; who has since taken them all into his possession. * 
 * * 
 
 Edward Winslow to Committee on Relief of Soldiers, Etc. 
 
 Philadelphia, 12 January 1778. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 It was my intention to have Transmitted Your Committee every 
 transaction of the Board of General Officers (relatives to the distribution 
 of those articles sent for the relief of Soldiers serving in America &c) as 
 they occur. This was practicable while a Majority of the members who 
 compos’d the Board, remain’d in Garrison; but the separation which took 
 place immediately on our landing in the Province of Hew York, render’d 
 a meeting impossible & prevented me from receiving such instructions as 
 I suppos’d necessary. 
 
 I am now directed by the Commander in Chief to furnish you with 
 the best information which my present situation will admit, & I have 
 ordered the Store Keeper at Hew York (who is in Possession of all the 
 papers) to transmit a particular account of the receipts & issues from our 
 leaving Hova Scotia to the present time. 
 
 [Hote by the Editor.—The goods that remained undistributed were 
 shipped to Staten Island. The cheese was divided among the British 
 regiments; 5000 lbs. tobacco among the foreign troops; the molasses and 
 essence of spruce made into beer and issued to the soldiers at Hew York. 
 On arrival of the “Catherine & Richmond” from England with another 
 donation, there was a second general distribution. The distressed widows 
 and orphans were supplied with shoes, hose, flannel, etc. The money 
 donated also was judiciously used. Winslow closes his letter as follows.] 
 
 I have Generally performed in person the pleasing Task of distribut- 
 
22 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 ing the Donations & of Course have had the best opportunity of observing 
 the effects, & I think I may venture to assert that the most Sanguine 
 expectations of the Generous Subscribers to this Charity must he fully 
 Answer’d. Many objects* have been snatch’d from extreme wretchedness 
 & made comfortable, ajid many friendless Orphans now live to acknowl¬ 
 edge your Bounty who without it might not have existed. 
 
 I flatter myself that my particular account will meet your approba¬ 
 tion—and I beg leave to subscribe my Self, 
 
 Your most faithfull & 
 
 Obed’t Serv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow, 
 
 Sec’ry to the Board of Gen’l. Officers. 
 
 To the Committee for 
 
 relief of Soldiers, &c. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Valley of Hadad, Eeb’y 15, 1778. 
 
 My dear Friend,— 
 
 One Mr. Shenstone in a hook of his, which I once read, says “that 
 the best time to answer the letters from a friend is the moment of the 
 receipt of them, because then the intelligence received and the warmth of 
 Friendship most forcibly co-operate.” * * * 
 
 Never was female weakness more conspicuous upon the most interest¬ 
 ing interview, than my sensations were joyous, melancholy, calm, im¬ 
 moderate & confused at the perusal of the most unexpected yet pleasing 
 letters that I ever received; unexpected because I imagined the first egg 
 shell that could float from the Delaware to the Hook would have owned 
 you its passenger, and pleasing as they acquaint me with incidents with 
 respect to a Friend whose interest and happiness is very justly the first 
 object of my wishes and attention. * * * 
 
 Friendship, in this very self-interested period of the world, or per¬ 
 haps more properly that part of the world where we are at present amusing 
 ourselves is a name almost exploded and I suppose, with half mankind 
 around us, would be laughed at if placed in competition with interest on 
 any occasion,—but on this as in many other instances I value it the more 
 for its rarity and thank God I am not so improved in the polite maxims 
 of the present age as to have forgot the old fashioned principles I learned 
 at home. * * * 
 
 I am glad your envy of the retirement of the Valley (of Hadad) is 
 like to operate so forcibly as to induce you to partake of it. I think yon 
 would not be disappointed if your situation is such as you describe. My 
 
 *i. e., Unfortunate people. 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 dear fellow you need not enjoin it upon me to write by every opportunity. 
 I can with you say “this cursed itch for scribbling” will never suffer me to 
 neglect you. * * * 
 
 It is with pleasure I inform you that Polly & Murray* have been in 
 high health ever since you sailed. Not a return or even a symptom of 
 those complaints which used to be so frequent and were so distressing to 
 me. * * * 
 
 In your letter No. 3, comes a new subject and a d-d affair it is 
 
 & first let me thank God we did not hear of it till you were so far recoverd. 
 What astonishes me is that the Villain has not been discovered. If he 
 has been, it is still more extraordinary that discipline should be so far re¬ 
 laxed upon any prudential or political considerations as to suffer so flag¬ 
 rant a piece of Villainy to pass without its due punishment. 
 
 I hope you have not concealed the worst. I tremble to think of the 
 danger you have been in. I fear you are now so used to these hair breadth 
 escapes that you will think a shield will always be supplied by your pro¬ 
 pitious stars. * * * 
 
 But before I quit the subject I must tell you that the most ludicrous 
 turn is given to the whole affair in the city. They say you fought with 
 a post and wounded yourself and mention the story of jumping into the 
 sloop—had you not written so seriously I should not have suspected it was 
 just as you have related. 
 
 I am glad you have had an opportunity of providing for Richard 
 tho’ I believe few masters would have parted with so good a servant, espe¬ 
 cially when in so great need of one, on such considerations. As for your 
 Dutch “Valet de Chambre,” I think he will find his match here for stupid¬ 
 ity, slowness, dirtiness and honesty in an English blue-coat-boy that Tom 
 Moore t inlisted for a Drummer, whom I have taken to clean shoes and 
 shovel snow. * * * 
 
 Polly is wishing to see you and hopes this will never find you at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Your unalterable, affectionate & 
 
 faithful Friend, 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Memorandum of Agreement between Nicholas Cowenhoven Esqr: of 
 New Utrecht f in Kings County in the Province of New' York on the One 
 
 *Colonel Winslow’s wife and infant son, the latter named after his father’s 
 friend and comrade in arms, Major Daniel Murray, of the King’s American 
 Dragoons. 
 
 fThomas William Moore, a captain in DeLancey’s second battalion. 
 jNew Utrecht on Long Island, opposite Staten Island, at the entrance of 
 New York harbor. 
 
24 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1778 
 
 Part, and Edward Winslow Esqr: of the City of New York in the said 
 Province, on the other part. 
 
 Whereas the said Nicholas Cowenhoven hath this first day of May 
 A. D. 1778, leased, hired & to farm-let a certain house, with the Garden, 
 yard, Barn & Appurtenances thereunto belonging, situated in New Utrecht 
 aforesaid, to the said Edward Winslow for the term of one year from the 
 day of the date hereof; the said Edward Winslow in consideration thereof 
 doth promise and agree to pay unto the said Nicholas Cowenhoven the 
 sum of twenty-five pounds New York Currency, for the year, to be paid 
 quarterly, and also six pounds like money for the use & improvement of 
 the lot of Land "lying between the said house and Mr. Denys’s house, for 
 the term of one year as. aforesaid. And also to pay for the Privilege of 
 pasturing on the farm five horses & one Cow for the term aforesaid at the 
 Rate of Fifty Shillings per head. 
 
 Test. Nichl. Cowenhoven. 
 
 W. Chipman. Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Robert Hallowell. 
 
 [May 2, 1778.] 
 
 Since I wrote you from Philadelphia I have rec’d yours of 15th 
 Jan’ry, for which I am extremely oblig’d. Your acknowledgment of a 
 continuance of a cordial esteem for me gratifies me vastly. 
 
 The hint given me with respect to the tidesmen shall he attended to 
 as far as possible. Altho’ convinced by my own frequent experience of 
 the ingratitude of mankind in general, I have not yet learned to neglect 
 the distressed when its in my power to relieve ’em. That I may in some 
 future day want what I now lose by assisting others, is an idea which I 
 never indulge. It would he a species of blasphemy in me. It would 
 argue a distrust of that Providence, which has hitherto dealt out favors 
 to me most profusely. In all the variety of vicissitudes which I’ve experh 
 enced since I quitted peace and contentment with the best of friends 
 in the obscure village of P[lymouth], I’ve never wanted such comforts 
 as my neighbors enjoyed. Damn me if I believe I ever shall. 
 
 I’ve lately heard from our family by a letter from my father and 
 Sally, dated 5th March last sealed for the first time in these three years— 
 they are all well. You’ll envy me when I tell you that I’ve had several 
 chances lately of remitting money to them. My father has contrived to 
 negotiate the matter by receiving cash of the prisoners at Boston and 
 drawing on Due for the amount. These orders I have paid with more 
 alacrity than I ever rec’d money from the same good man to discharge 
 a steward’s Bill at Harvard College after being dun’d a Quarter for it. Is 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 25 
 
 it not peculiarly hard that the old gentleman should be poor? Yet true 
 it is that had not an accidental sum from me prevented he must have sold 
 his house at P [lymouth]. 
 
 Sally in her letter most seriously regrets that her dear Mr. Hallowell’s 
 clothes pass the house every Sunday on the hack of a nasty great cooper, 
 and poor Mr. Savage’s, she says, were purchased and are worn by Tommy 
 Spooner. 
 
 At the auction Sally’s friends attended and bought some few things 
 of yours, among which is a miniature picture of your sister (she supposes). 
 It is kept among her precious relics, and will be carefully preserved. My 
 pincushion too, poor thing—merely because it was found in bad company 
 —was condemned to be sold and I suppose now hangs next to the new- 
 dyed petticoat of some indelicate fat fisherwoman’s wife. How the Devil 
 my pincushion could come among your things I cannot possibly imagine. 
 In some future day you shall give me satisfaction on this subject. 
 
 Had I any news I dare not communicate it. Letters in these pre¬ 
 carious times are subject to such variety of accidents that one trembles 
 at every line lest it may fall into the hands of the malicious, be miscon¬ 
 strued, &c. 
 
 There is nothing in my power to command that I would not give for 
 one hour’s conversation with my most loved friends of the Monday night 
 club. Not even a Peter* should interrupt me, nor should the orders of 
 a Coffin silence me for a moment. Many things would I tell you so com¬ 
 pletely ridiculous as to make you laugh, but many more so tragical as to 
 draw tears from the stubbomest of you. 
 
 What effect the late maneuvres of administration will produce can¬ 
 not be conjectured. I believe, and am happy in the idea, that the Am¬ 
 ericans will not accept the terms. They have treated Lord North’s speech 
 and the acts with their usual contempt & indignity—they’ve been publicly 
 burnt in Jersey, &c. Should these insolent vagabonds in consideration of 
 their present distresses be induced to listen to the proposal made by gov¬ 
 ernment, I really think the American friends of government are in a 
 situation most peculiarly awkward. Por my own part I feel no anxiety. 
 
 I am in an office the execution of which is frequently hazardous; I have 
 hitherto performed my duty faithfully, and will continue to do it altho’ 
 Hell s in front and perdition in my rear. I therefore fear no conse¬ 
 quences and ask no favors. But when I cast an eye on some venerable 
 figures and consider their services and their sufferings, and know that 
 they are unnoticed and unforgotten, by Heaven I feel a noble indig¬ 
 nation and it rises and increases sweetly when I observe scoundrels 
 
 *The reference is most probably to Peter Oliver, Jr., who was an intimate 
 friend of Col. Winslow. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 who have just emerged from the very centre of rebellion, fellows 
 who have fill’d chairs at Congress—persecuted the loyal members 
 of committees, and commanded Bebel regiments in times of action, now 
 pushed most rapidly into places confidential and lucrative.* But I am 
 growing imprudently scurrilous. 
 
 Tell Mrs. H. that I have not—nor will I forget my obligations to her; 
 make my most sincere respects to her and to your brothers and Capt. 
 Bishop’s families, and to such other of my American friends as may fall 
 in your way. 
 
 Believe me, most affectionately & sincerely 
 Yours, 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Pelham Winslow to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Newport, May 30, 1778. 
 
 Dear Sir:—I received yours by Doct’r Wightman with the order in¬ 
 closed which he has since discharged. * * * 
 
 Mr. Leonard, who went from this garrison with the fleet to receive 
 Gen. Burgoyne’s army, by stress of weather was driven into Plymouth 
 harbour, where he obtained permission to supply your father with two 
 quarter casks of wine. He has again sailed for Boston with a fleet laden 
 with provisions, by which opportunity we sent some clothing and other 
 necessaries for your patients consigned to the care of Martin Brimner 
 Esq’r, which we flatter ourselves will be safely delivered. * * * 
 
 There is about a year’s pay due to me as Fort Major of Castle William, 
 whereof I presume the warrants are lodged in the paymaster’s office, I 
 have drawn an order in your favor to receive it. * * * 
 
 The rebels are still persecuting our unhappy friends. In a late letter 
 of Mrs. Blowers to her husband she writes that even your father has been 
 called upon to turn out as a common soldier, hire a man in his room, or go 
 to gaol. I have refrained from sending this intelligence to [your] sister 
 Pen, lest it should too strongly affect her tender filial heart—perhaps 
 you may blame me for mentioning it even to you. When Mrs. Blowers 
 wrote, your father was at Marshfield, whether as a place of abode or on 
 a visit she does not say. Sister Penny is very much perplexed and unde¬ 
 termined about returning. She is anxious of seeing her parents and 
 conducing to their happiness. * * * 
 
 *This statement is corroborated in some measure by Judge Thomas Jones 
 in his Loyalist History of New York, Vol. 1, p. 159, etc. 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 27 
 
 Give me leave to congratulate you on your removal to New Utrecht, 
 where I will with pleasure visit you on my return. 
 
 Compliments to the happy family and all other friends concludes 
 me. Yours sincerely, 
 
 Pelham Winslow.* 
 
 Edward Winslow, Esq’r. 
 
 JSote.—There was a strong Loyalist party in Plymouth County. 
 There is filed among the Winslow papers a “List of Refugees from the 
 County of Plymouth,” dated in 1775, in which there appear some ninety 
 names, of which seventy-three are from Marshfield. The list is printed 
 in full in the Proceedings of the Mass. His. Society for March, 1886. 
 Among the prominent Loyalists in the list we find the following:— 
 
 From Middleborough,—Hon. Peter Oliver, Dr. Peter Oliver, Jnr., 
 Ebenezer Spooner. 
 
 From Plymouth,—Edward Winslow, Jun., Cornelius White, Gideon 
 White, Jun., Lemuel Goddard, Ellcanah Cushman. 
 
 From Halifax,—Josiah Sturtevant, Daniel Dunbar. 
 
 From Pembroke,—Thomas Jocelyne. 
 
 From Scituate,—Dr. Benjamin Stockbridge, Charles Curtis. 
 
 From Marshfield,—Hon’ble, N. R. Thomas, Abijah White, Deacon 
 John Tilden, Capt. NathT Phillips, Pelham Winslow, Dr. Isaac Winslow, 
 Nathaniel Thomas, Elisha Foord, Sylvanus White, Capt. Cornelius White, 
 Stephen Tilden, Warren White, Seth. Bryant, Joseph Hall, Gideon Walker. 
 
 Major Barry to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Newport, June 14th, 1778. 
 
 Dear Winslow, * * Business adieu ! Now for yourself, let 
 
 me tell you my friend I am by no means pleased with your situation on 
 Long Island which seems to me a very dangerous one, as I would be bound, 
 were I on the other side of the Question, to take you or our friend the 
 Brig’r from any part of that Island, and truly my fears tell me you are 
 of sufficient consequence to be attempted. Therefore I will direct that 
 on the receipt of this you forthwith retire either to New York or Newport, 
 at the last of which places I have an house. Your sister is with us as 
 
 Pelham Winslow of Plymouth, Mass., attorney-at-law, was a son of Gen¬ 
 eral John Winslow (well known in connection with the Acadian expulsion) and 
 a cousin of Edward Winslow. Pelham Winslow graduated at Harvard in 1753 
 and entered the office of James Otis as a law student. At the revolution he be¬ 
 came a pronounced Loyalist, and in 1774 was obliged to seek refuge with the 
 British forces in Boston. In 1776 he accompanied the army to Halifax and went 
 thence to New York. He engaged ip the royal service and was fort major of 
 Castle William. He died in 1783, leaving a wife and infant daughter, who were 
 afterwards living at Shelburne. Mrs. Pelham Winslow was a sister of Capt. 
 Gideon White of Shelburne. 
 
28 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1778 
 
 you will find from the enclosed. How does the change in the Commander 
 in Chief affect you ? * * * 
 
 Our affair at Warren, Bristol, &c. you have heard of. It has produced 
 this effect at least, the delaying Mr. Sullivan’s intended attack on us and 
 perhaps, for a time, has frustrated a more general plan. Adieu, 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 Henry Barry. 
 
 Governor Montfort Browne to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bhode Island, June 18, 1778. 
 
 I wished exceedingly, my Dear Sir, for the pleasure of seeing you 
 before I embarked at N. York, and I endeavored all I could to effect that 
 wished, for satisfaction by calling several times at your house to no purpose; 
 it was a mortification to me not to have had it in my power to have 
 trusted you with our destination, which had been kept a secret for some 
 time, as thereby I might have received a line of introduction to some 
 of your relations who I wished to be acquainted with. Having under¬ 
 stood that your amiable sister* lived within the district of the Encamp¬ 
 ment under my Command, I took the liberty to visit her, & had the 
 satisfaction to find her the pleasing Counterpart of her affable and agree¬ 
 able brother for whom as well as his sister I retain the most perfect 
 friendship and esteeem; if it can come within the circumstance of my 
 Command to do anything that can serve any friend or relation of yours 
 I request you will communicate it to me, as thereby I shall have an 
 opportunity to testify the personal attachment Esteem & regard with 
 which I have the pleasure to subscribe myself, My Dear friend; 
 
 Your most obedient Serv’t. 
 
 You have, inclosed, a letter Montfort Browne, 
 
 sent me this morning by your 
 Amiable Sister. - 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 June 22nd, 1778. 
 
 Altho’ no opportunity for England has offered, I will not suppress 
 the before going lengthy epistle but go on to tell your Excy. that since 
 the writing I’ve had perhaps as fortunate an escape as any man in this 
 world can boast of. On my return from Philadelphia I removed my 
 quarters from the Valley of Hadad to the house where Gen’l Howe’s Head 
 Quarters were, in Hew Utrecht Town. On the 13th inst. about 12 at 
 
 ♦The sister referred to was Penelope, eldest sister of Col. Winslow. 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 29 
 
 right a party of rebels (supposed to be about 25) landed directly below 
 my house, marched up to the street, reconnoitered and as we imagine 
 eatisfy'd themselves that I was at home, but as their principal object was 
 Flat Bush and an alarm might be the consequence of an attempt on me, 
 they passed on to the houses of Major Moncreiffe* and Mr. Bache, both 
 of whom they made prisoners and carried off. They also attacked the 
 Mayor’s house near Flat-Bush. Church, but he luckily heard ’em early 
 enough to take possession of his garret to which there was no entrance 
 but a trap door. A musket tired in the town just at the time alarmed 
 ’em and induced ’em to desist. On their return a small party were 
 detached from their road, which was about 200 yards from my house. 
 Most happily I had a number of my friends about me, Daniel Murray, 
 Mr. Upham, Parson Panton, t Mr. Chipman and myself were very socially 
 sitting round my table with the windows open. Whether our appearance 
 was too formidable or whether they suspected from our being up at so 
 late an hour that we were ready for ’em—or what was the cause, God 
 knows, the fact is that they civilly omitted calling and until 8 o’clock 
 in the morning I did not hear or suspect than anything of the kind had 
 or could have happened. You may imagine that a small effusion of 
 gratitude succeeded the intelligence. Not a single charge of powder or 
 ball had I in my house. It is perhaps the most extraordinary circum¬ 
 stance that ever took place. A party of men to land in a clear evening, 
 pass five miles in a public road by a great number of houses, enter a 
 town, take two of the principal inhabitants and return and embark 
 unmolested—is not it a pleasant telling story ! It is beyond a doubt 
 that it was a premeditated plan between the rebel officers on parole and 
 the scoundrels who came over. I fear that some of the inhabitants of 
 this village were not innocent. It has had a very happy effect for me. 
 Gen’l Tryon immediately ordered a party of the 35th to Flat Bush and 
 your Excellency’s Troop of Dragoons were sent to New Utrecht. I have 
 this week had the pleasure of putting them in possession of very com¬ 
 fortable quarters lately occupied by rebel officers. They are all round 
 me, Bannister j in the house with me. I am prodigiously gratify’d at 
 this movement for various reasons. The lads are exceedingly pleased at 
 this mark of confidence and are perfectly reconciled to the performance 
 
 *Major James Moncreiffe, an officer in the Engineers, who afterwards per¬ 
 formed distinguished services in the war, particularly at Savannah and Charles¬ 
 town. See Sabine’s American Loyalists. 
 
 fRev. George Panton, M. A., of Trenton, New Jersey, and afterwards of 
 Philipsburg (now Yonkers), N. Y. During the war he was chaplain of the 
 Prince of Wales American Regiment. At the peace he came to Nova Scotia 
 and became S. P. G. missionary at Yarmouth. 
 
 +Thom as Bannister of Rhode Island, of Wentworth’s Volunteers. He was 
 one of the famous “Fifty-five” petitioners at the close of the war for lands in 
 Nova Scotia. He was a magistrate at Weymouth in 1785. 
 
30 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 of very severe duties. Six of them patrole every night on the beach 
 from Gravesend point to Deny’s and in the street. Murray* is quite 
 Commandant of the City and I’m a sort of Magistratical assistant. 
 (Together) I believe we shall make a tolerable figure, and effectually 
 prevent any future incursions of the Rebels— I am endeavoring to put 
 him in a way of issuing orders, making reports & communicating such 
 other facts as I am acquainted with. I flatter myself when your Exc’y. 
 next sees the company you’l find ’em greatly improved. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Benning Wentworth (Son of Gov. Wentworth). 
 
 July 9th, 1778. 
 
 What in the Devil’s name Mr. Benning Wentworth are you about 
 that you can’t spare the time to write a line to your friends in this country. 
 From the Gov’r I did not expect a letter immediately on his arrival in 
 England because I supposed he would have matters of great importance 
 to transact, hut I concluded that you could find a few minutes leisure. I 
 desire sir, after you have seen the Lions & all the other monstrous curi¬ 
 osities of London, that you collect yourself and remember that there are 
 several persons in this Land of Liberty and peace who are anxious to 
 hear from you. The Gov’r will inform you of a pretty little maneuvre 
 of the rebels on my end of the Island. Guess if I did not feel desperate 
 queerly. The Mayor saved himself by a trap door. Chip is determined 
 to cut one at my house and I suppose the example will be followed by 
 the neighbors so that whenever there’s an alarm all the Inhabitants will 
 be bobbing up and down like Coons & Neo in “Nid & Nod.” It is said 
 that Gen. Clinton is certain to come with the army by land to New York, 
 if so they must kick up a hell of a dust in the Jersies. I really imagined 
 soon after your departure that something very capital would have taken 
 place ere this, but there has been such a damnable series of treating and 
 
 *Major Daniel Murray, formerly of Brookfield, Mass., a son of Colonel John 
 Murry, whose portrait by Copley is now in possession of J. Douglas Hazen of 
 St. John. Daniel Murray at this time held a commission in Governor Went¬ 
 worth’s Volunteers, but later was major in the King’s American Dragoons. He 
 commanded the 'latter corps when they were sent to the St. John river in 1783. 
 It was the first of the Loyalist regiments to arrive, and for a while it lay en¬ 
 camped at, or near, the site of Carleton on the west side of the St. John harbor, 
 but later it was sent up the river to be disbanded in Prince William. Major 
 Murray operated saw mills on the Pokiok river, but they proved unremunerative. 
 and were destroyed by fire in 1798. He owned 200 acres at the mouth of the 
 Pokiok and also 120 acres on Long Island, in Prince William, and here he re¬ 
 sided for some years. His property was sold at the instance of his creditors, 
 Messrs. Donaldson and Garden, in 1807. The major had left the province in 
 very embarrassed circumstances about the year 1803. He died at Portland, 
 Maine, in 1832. He was an able and enterprising man, but unfortunate. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 31 
 
 1778] 
 
 retreating—Pidling, conciliating & commissioning, that fighting (which 
 is the only remedy for the American disorder has been totally suspended). 
 However &c., &c.,—God grant that my next to you may be dated in some 
 Province rather to the northward of this. Sure am I that the army at 
 present here may crush this cursed rebellion if they exert themselves now. 
 I hate the subject. Again I desire to be informed when are you to return, 
 what you are about, &c. Let me be remembered to all my American 
 friends, and believe me 
 
 Most cordially & affectionately yours, 
 
 Red. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Judge Jonathan Sewali. 
 
 August, 1778. 
 
 As well may a Man of Y\ r ar put to sea without Her tender—or a 
 new-made General move without his Aid d’Camp— as a letter from 
 Chipman to Judge Sewali he concluded without a Scrip from me. His 
 epistles lately are of a hulk so enormous & contain intelligence so pro¬ 
 digious with comments so monstrous, that a summary or abridgement is 
 absolutely necessary—mine like running Footmen push forward with all 
 possible expedition just to announce his coming. And now may it please 
 your honor, he is coming to inform you of a number of particulars—1 
 wish I could saw with “authentic certainty”—and to give his opinion 
 upon a number of events which Pm oblig’d to declare have not as yet 
 & probably never will take place. Monstrously gratify’d was I at reading 
 a few paragraphs in your letter wherein you charge him with being rather 
 “ too sanguine in giving credit to vague reports” & inform him that 
 “many of his articles of intelligence have been propagated & refuted 
 before his letters arrive.” This very matter I have told him of several 
 times— hut to little purpose— until the other day an accident convinced 
 him how dangerous it was to report stories relative to public matters in 
 these uncertain times, until they were certainly authenticated. You will 
 please to observe that we live in a house directly opposite to a remarkable 
 Dutch Church, which is built in an octagonal form tapering from Bottom 
 to Top & terminating in a small Belfry— In short the external appearance 
 is so very singular and odd that my friend Jesse Adair when we landed 
 at this place on the great 27th of Aug. swore “it was a Haystack with 
 a chimney to it.” Within side of the building is a dark crooked stair¬ 
 case which winds round the house & leads at last to the Belfrey from 
 whence you have a most extensive view of the sea. To this place on 
 all occasions our friend repairs when there’s the least suggestion that a 
 Fleet or Ship is to be seen. Unfortunately a report prevail’d that the 
 
32 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 French fleet had return’d to this harbor. He together with a Mr. Forrest 
 (who like other human creatures is liable to mistakes) mounted the look¬ 
 out and saw most distinctly with a "very good glass/’ Count D’Estaing 
 advance toward the Hook & his Lordship our Commander in Chief retreat 
 from before him & cover himself within the Beach—their colors were 
 plain to be seen, their motions were such as from the reason & nature 
 of things render’d it impossible that the fleet without should be any 
 other than that commanded by Count D’Estaing and the fleet within of 
 course the same which was directed by Viscount Howe. Full of this 
 important news he posted to the City, & (saving a little altercation with 
 an honest farmer who declar’d that no fleet or vessel had arriv’d) he got 
 safe to the Coffee-house Bridge (where all secrets are divulg’d). Here he 
 communicated the tidings & soon monopoliz’d the attention of a gaping 
 multitude. Every presumptuous doubter was satisfy’d by Chip’s reason’g 
 & conclusions—the story flew—it reach’d Head-Quarters—our friend was 
 summoned to appear, expatiated on the motions — the signals — the 
 Colors—the numbers—& the magnitude of the Ships, & came off after 
 convincing the most obstinate that he was right. But alas he was wrong. 
 It was not the French-fleet, it was only a small detachment of his Lord- 
 ship squadron which were station’d without & were approaching nearer 
 the shore. Since this I really believe that proof more authentic will be¬ 
 wailed for—and that greater dependence may be placed on his next in¬ 
 formation. 
 
 E. Winslow to Capt. John Smith, Pay Master of the Loyalist Forces. 
 Sir,— 
 
 Inclosed is a contingent bill for extra expenses and payment of 
 Deputies from August 1777 to August 1778. 
 
 In July 1776 I had the honor of being appointed Muster Master 
 General of Provincial Forces raised and to be raised in North America 
 from Nova Scotia to West Florida inclusive. At that time there was 
 only one provincial corps in his Majesty’s service (excepting those at 
 Halifax). Afterwards the Queen’s Ranger’s, DeLancey’s Brigade, Jersey 
 Volunteers, &c., &c., were recruited and quartered in various places remote 
 from each other. It was thought expedient that all the corps should 
 be mustered once in two months—this order occasioned much travelling 
 and expense to the muster-master; I was therefore directed to charge 
 extra expenses and indulged in appointing a deputy. The provincial 
 corps have increased so very considerably since, that Sir Wm. Howe was 
 induced to appoint deputies for me in several places. Mr. Turner was 
 appointed at Halifax. On Mr. Bridgham’s resignation Mr. Chipman was 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 33 
 
 appointed at New York, and on my being ordered to Philadelphia his 
 appointment was confirmed by Sir Henry Clinton. I was afterwards 
 ordered from Philadelphia and Mr. Mouat was appointed to act during 
 my absence, and on his departure Mr. Bell transacted the business. 
 General Howe also appointed Capt. Martyn, a refugee from New England, 
 to act as deputy muster-master at Rhode Island, and directed me to pay 
 him 5 shillings per day which I have done to 24th August. 
 
 As I am under a necessity not only of mustering the provincial Forces 
 six times a year exclusive of the partial musters, but also of adjusting and 
 certifying every abstract for pay of the commissioned, non commissioned 
 and private men, the business of my office has become very important and 
 laborious. At a moderate computation I do not ride less than 260 or 
 270 miles every muster and I am obliged to keep one person constantly 
 employed in my office. * * * 
 
 I shall esteem it a very particular favor if you will present my account 
 and obtain the necessary warrant for that and my pay. I would not have 
 presumed to trouble you on this occasion, but am prevented by sickness 
 from making a personal application. 
 
 I am very respectfully, 
 
 Your most obed’t serv’t. 
 
 - Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lieut. Col. Innes. * 
 
 11 August, 1778. 
 
 Sir,— 
 
 When anything materially affects the service I conceive it my duty 
 to represent it to you, whether my knowledge of the transaction is 
 acquired by accident, or officially. I have in a free conversation suggested 
 my opinion to you that the Corps of King’s Orange Rangerst is at present 
 in a position peculiarly alarming— Feuds & dissensions among the 
 Officers—• Mutinies & Desertions among the men. Irregularities in 
 Reports are becoming exceedingly frequent. From what cause or con¬ 
 currence of causes these circumstances arise I cannot presume to 
 determine. 
 
 Whether the present Commandant{ is not sufficiently experienc’d 
 
 *Colonel Innes, as inspector general of the Loyalist regiments, was in a 
 large measure responsible for their efficiency. 
 
 fThe King’s Orange Rangers, a Loyalist corps raised mainly in Orange 
 county, New Jersey, by Lieut. Col. John Bayard. The first enrollment was in 
 December, 1776. The corps was ordered to Nova Scotia, and embarked for 
 Halifax Oct. 27, 1778. It remained in Nova Scotia till the peace in 1783, and was 
 then disbanded at Quaco (or St. Martins), near St. John. 
 
 JMajor Samuel V. Bayard, son of Col. John Bayard, is probably here re¬ 
 ferred to. He was at this time only twenty-one years of age. He settled in 
 Wilmot, N. S., and died there in 1832. Dr. William Bayard of St. John is a 
 grandson. 
 
34 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 in military matters ? or whether by any other means there is in officers 
 and men a want of that confidence in him which is essential to order & 
 discipline in a new Corps I know not— bnt from the variety of unhappy 
 events which have of late taken place, I apprehend one or the other. 
 
 I am sensible that on days of public parade— such as Inspections & 
 Musters—there is not a provincial Corps in his Majesty’s service more 
 capable of distinguishing itself by a performance of military exercise & 
 maneuvres than this—nor is there a better body of men. 
 
 These considerations increase my concern at the information this 
 clay received from Mr. Chipman, who on his way from mustering Col. 
 Emerick’s* recruits yesterday learned that on Sunday night last fourteen 
 men, including the non-Commissioned Officers of the Guard, deserted to 
 the enemy from the Ship where they were posted. Of these men the 
 piincipal part were such as inlisted when the corps was in its infancy & 
 until this have continued faithful & obedient. 
 
 An example of this sort, with repeated declarations of other men 
 that they shall avail themselves of the first opp’y to follow it, appears to 
 me sufficiently important to justify my troubling you with this. 
 
 I am very respectfully. 
 
 Your most obed’t h’ble Serv’t. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Jonathan Sewall. 
 
 [1778.] 
 
 The conduct of our dearly beloved cousins at Boston towards Blowers 
 gives a pretty little idea of the present government. It surely deserves 
 the name that used to be so emphatically pronounced by our superlative 
 friend now at Brompton, “most mixtest.” A certain quantity of power 
 seems to be dealt out by the grand Congressional Assembly to each 
 province [State.] The division of that among the variety of orders 
 which compose the system makes a monstrous confusion; the consequent 
 lit tie squabbles (as somebody observed to Blowers) must be expected in 
 “a free State.” 
 
 Blowers tells us many extraordinary stories relative to the improve¬ 
 ment of the Bostonians in what a certain lady calls “the liberal arts.” 
 Would you realise that the sons of some of our true old charter saints 
 p ublicly roll in char iots with kept mistresses, and that many of our 
 
 *Lieut. Col. Andreas Emerick, a German, who commanded a corps of 
 chasseurs and dragoons, mostly Loyalists, which was organized about April, 
 1778. See Jones’ Loyalist History of New York, vol. ii., p. 82. 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 35 
 
 former meek and lowly Christians, now freed from restraint, are riotipg 
 at a great rate. The principal ladies, dear creatures, are not so well 
 pleased with the present assemblies as they were with the former ones. 
 A daughter of Hitchbcrn the Boat-builder married to Bruce the butcher 
 (who had made his fortune by privateering and been to France) was 
 heard to make comparisons not to the advantage of the present managers. 
 She exclaimed bitterly and loudly that it was not now as in the old times; 
 then they were judicious in the choice of company hut now forsooth 
 assemblies were like operas, everybody that could pay was admitted. I wish 
 I could know what were Mrs. Bruce’s ideas of operas five years ago—I 
 dare say she thought they were something to eat. * * * 
 
 There is no scene that can be exhibited on the face of the earth the 
 observation of which would afford more genuine pleasure to me than a 
 public gathering (in the way of dance & cards) of these new made gentry 
 mixed with broken French Counts, &c. &e. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Benning Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, Bemers-Street, Sep. 19, 1778. 
 
 Dear Winslow,— 
 
 I am exceedingly gratified by your friendly letter of the 23rd of 
 June, and really ashamed that it was not in answer to one from me. I’m 
 censurable indeed for not having addressed you long since, even before 
 I'd seen the Lions and other great curiosities in this vast metropolis, 
 which I’ve viewed in turn, but as you may have heard of them from an 
 able hand,* and possibly examine them yourself soon, I’ll not attempt a 
 description. * * * 
 
 I find you still keep up the old game and that your house is yet the 
 most desirable in the country— I congratulate you on your escape from 
 the hands of tyranny; methinkS had the ragged rogues felt bold enough 
 to storm your castle^ it would have deprived me of so pleasant an epistle 
 from you. Late hours are sometimes useful and a good appearance is 
 half the battle. I want to see Chip’s Trap door exceedingly; I’d hazard 
 a voyage in the month of March for a single sight and it would be 
 charming to see it improved upon an alarm. 
 
 Pray make my best regards to him, for in truth he is among the 
 first of my friends. * * * 
 
 I am dear Sir, 
 
 "S our attached friend and servant, 
 
 B. Wentworth. 
 
 . T * The reference is to Governor Wentworth. Benning Wentworth was a brother 
 of Lady Wentworth; he died Feb. 18th, 1808, in his 53rd year and was at the time 
 secretary of Nova Scotia. 
 
36 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 Jonathan Sewell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bristol, 20th Sep’r 1778. 
 
 Ned,— 
 
 For heaven’s sake tell me when, where, and how yon learnt the art 
 of painting so critically as to make me langh and cry at the same instant ? 
 1 never experienced it before, bnt upon my soul your tragic-comic letter, 
 strange as it may seem, did absolutely produce these two contrary effects 
 upon your humble servant. I read and wept and laughed, and laughed 
 and wept and read in unison through your whole epistle. Such serious 
 heart rending truths told in a style and manner so Cervantic, so Shandyish, 
 so strio-comically, had they been read to an Angel and a Devil must 
 have forced a smile and a tear from both— no wonder then that I, who 
 am a compound of both, should laugh like Democritus while tears flowed 
 plentifully at every line— Your crooked rivers, Chesapeaks, reason & 
 nature of things, and then the “army in high spirits”—the burthen of 
 the sonar, faith, for three years past—or at least the chorus at the end 
 of every campaign, affords such a picture of three years transactions, that 
 I am almost determined to print it and set every man, woman and child 
 in Great Britain and Ireland and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed to 
 laughing and crying. No faith I’ll inclose it to Lord North to he com¬ 
 municated to His Majesty in private—& yet, God bless his good soul, 
 why should I wish to make him cry ? It is no fault of his that this 
 cursed rebellion was not suppressed long ago— unless you call mercy and 
 tenderness in the extreme a fault. Well I believe it is in this instance, & 
 so let his Majesty cry a little, it won’t hurt him much, considering the 
 accompanyment will he laughing, allegro et il penseroso. His Majesty, 
 heaven long preserve him, is a great lover of music & a shrewd sign that 
 in his composition is too much of the milk of human kindness to suffer 
 
 him to deal justly with our d-d fanatical, republican, New England, 
 
 rebellious, ungenerous, ungrateful scoundrels. Oh ! how I wish they had 
 for their sovereign for a little time an unfeeling, politic king of Prussia 
 or Empress of Russia with such an army and navy as for the last three 
 years have been marching and counter-marching by land and regattaing 
 by sea, reconnoitring breastworks & peeping into rivers and harbors— 
 “all in high spirits.” Under the direction of a mind not entangled with 
 the softer feelings of humanity or something worse, what might not have 
 been effected ? would not the Congress have been sent to the Devil long 
 ago ? We should have seen Cities, towns, villages and fields destroyed 
 and laid waste till distress had opened the eyes of the deluded and changed 
 the hearts of the deluding, and brought back the surviving remnant to 
 dutv and happiness. * * * Boston well fortified was left 
 
 standing with all its conveniences for Trade and piracy to accommodate 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 these vipers who first fomented the rebellion. Long Island was taken 
 and the brave conquerors restrained till 15,000 rebels quietly retreated to 
 a place of safety—Philadelphia was taken late in the Autumn only to he 
 given up in the Spring, cum multis aliis quae nunc prescribere longum est, and 
 would only serve renovere dolorem 
 
 Patience ! It is mortifying to look hack, let us look forward then. 
 I have not lost my anchor of hope yet. I flatter myself the perfidy of 
 France and the obstinacy and haughtiness of the Congress will rouse 
 Britons to vengeance. I have great dependence upon the present Com¬ 
 mander in Chief and if Admiral Lord Howe will hut give a good account 
 of D’Estaing’s French fleet all may he well yet. 
 
 Jan’y 4th 1779. 
 
 N. B. Thus far had been wrote some months in answer to your first 
 letter. Let me go cn a little. * * How prematurely we judge 
 
 on this side of the water as well as you. 0 Lord ! are we to go on 
 thus all the voyage ?* No. Heaven forbid. It must come right some 
 time or other, but God only knows when. 
 
 I thank you for all your kindness to Chippy, f I hope I shall live to 
 thank you at Cambridge my lad ! 
 
 Yours, de tout, 
 
 ' Jno. Sewall. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Robert McCulloh. 
 
 20th Oet’r. 1778. 
 
 Sir,— 
 
 Mr. Chipman informs me that you are to accompany the provincial- 
 Corps who are at this time under orders for embarkation, and that there 
 is no objection either with Col. Innes or yourself, to your acting as an 
 assistant to me, at which I am gratify’d, & I inclose you such instructions 
 as hare been given to the other gent’n who are employed by me. The 
 last of which, (respecting an alphabetical record) you need not comply 
 with, so far as relates to those Corps which embark from this place as I 
 have one already. I only wish you would send me the Muster-Rolls at 
 every period & I’ll enter the Recruits, Casualties, &c. Should any new 
 Corps he raised within your muster you will find the advantage of such 
 an alphabetical list—on a wide paper—for at a subsequent muster you 
 can see without any kind of trouble if the same person has been absent two 
 successive musters on any doubtful pretence, and a variety of other con¬ 
 veniences arise from it. 
 
 "“Referring to the ill success of British arms. 
 
 t + 7 ard , Chipman had spent several years in Mr. Sewell’s family, and was 
 page 1 ^ 3 endeared to him - See letter in New Brunswick Magazine, October, 1899, 
 
38 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1778 
 
 Our book is divided into 7 Columns. Names: Casualties at Febry; 
 April; June; AugT; Oct; Dec’r. 
 
 I am so exceedingly ill that I have no expectation of seeing you before 
 your departure, otherwise I should have settled the matter of your pay, 
 &c. Col. Innes has been so obliging as to say that he would do what was 
 necessary about your appointing. My other deputies receive five shillings 
 a day & (if they are oblig’d to travel), are allow’d for their expenses. 
 
 I sincerely wish you health & an agreeable campaign, & am — 
 
 Your Friend & S’erv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Benjamin Hallowell* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 23rd October, 1778. 
 
 Dear Sir,— 
 
 Since I have been in England, I have often by the way of my brother 
 Robert, had very great pleasure in hearing that you were well and had 
 employments under Government which filled up most of your time, and 
 taking it for Granted that some of the business’s must be Lucrative I 
 had the greatest Satisfaction in thinking, that for your many losses and 
 much Suffering, you would after paying the expenses of Management 
 realize something handsome. 
 
 Everybody but Scounderals in this country have been much Dis¬ 
 appointed in their expectations from your Side of the water. The last 
 as well as former Summer had like to have passed over without anything 
 being done. General Clinton’s passage thro’ the heart of the Enemies 
 Country with the Remains of Gen. Howe’s Army, opposed by the 
 Combined force of the United States has done Sir H. Clinton great Credit, 
 and had not Count D’Estaing arrived off the Coast, and required the 
 attention of the Army and Navy, much more would have been done, and 
 have put an end to the War by Conquest, had not the Commission re¬ 
 strained the Military operations. 
 
 Some time since I wrote and requested the favour that you would 
 urge Mr. Isaac Winslow, Executor to his unkle the late Isaac Winslow 
 Esq., who was formerly of Boston and died in N. York, to impower his 
 Attorney here, (who has abundance of Effects in his hands) to Discharge 
 a bond due to me from the Estate of the Deceased with Interest Between 
 £7 & £8 hundred pounds, & having never heard from either of you I 
 
 *Benjamin Hallowell was a brother of Robert Hallowell (comptroller of 
 customs) and was himself prominent in the customs’ troubles at Boston, which 
 were one of Ithe causes of the American revolution. He was a commissioner of 
 the customs. He sailed for Halifax March 10, 1776, and in July following 1 went 
 to England, where he remained until the close of the war. He died in Upper 
 Canada in 1799, aged 75 years. 
 
1778] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 39 
 
 suppose that my letter must have miscarried. Therefore I must now 
 renew my request that you will be so good as to deliver the inclosed to 
 the Executor & press him to give orders for the Discharge of the Debt. 
 
 I am, Dear Sir, With the Greatest Truth Your faithful 
 Friend And wish it was in my power to shew my inclination to be of use 
 to you, I am Sure none stands more ready than 
 
 Your Much Obliged Humble Serv’t 
 
 Benj. Hallowell. 
 
 Please to direct my letters to Lane & Frazier, 
 
 Edward Winslow to Major Barry. 
 
 November 13, 1778. 
 
 In Penny’s* last letter I’m informed “that Major Barry has charged 
 me with negligence in not writing to him,” & she is pleased to add in 
 a very pretty sisterly kind of stile—that, “if I do not immediately make 
 a satisfactory apology I am an ungrateful scoundrel & deserve to be 
 hanged.” I should almost assent to the propriety of her conclusion & 
 the justice of her sentence if I could not excuse myself by asserting that 
 I’ve been scarcely able to write my name for the four last months, Bilious 
 fever, agues, & rheumatics, & sundry other disorders (peculiar to this 
 uncivil capricious climate) united in their attack upon me & effectually 
 hindered the performance of any duty social or official. This apology 
 (made as early as possible) will I trust be acknowledged as satisfactory. 
 
 The uninteresting events which constantly succeed each other in a 
 garrisoned City, afford a man no chance of amusing his friend at a 
 distance; a detail of ’em would be painful to a writer & would give no 
 pleasure to him who reads. 
 
 Our attention has been rous’d at some late movements of the army. 
 The attaching of nine British regiments (viz. 4th, 5, 27, 28, 35, 40, 46, 
 49, 55th) who under Maj. Gen’l Grant it is agreed are gone to the West 
 Indies, and two Provincial regiments, the Pennsylvania & Maryland 
 Loyalists (who were in the same fleet) to Pensacola. The Expedition 
 commanded by Lt. Col. Campbell furnishes matter for variety of con¬ 
 jectures. It consists of the 71st Regt., two, or part of two Regt’s 
 Foreigners, New York Volunteers 300; 1st Delancey’s 260; 2nd Do. 200; 
 3rd of Skinners 3001 & a small party of Artillery. The prevailing idea 
 ay first was that the y were intended for St. Augustine but before their 
 
 *Edward Winslow’s sister Penelope. 
 
 fThe Loyalist corps greatly distinguished themselves in the campaigns in 
 tne south. Some description of their exploits will be found in Tarleton’s Cam¬ 
 paigns and in Jones’ Loyalist History of New York. 
 
40 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 departure, which was delayed by contrary winds, some circumstances took 
 place to alter our opinion. While they lay at the Hook, Light Infantry 
 Companies were formed, and each corps contributed in proportion to its 
 strength,* Sir James Baird to command the whole & such other arrange¬ 
 ments were made as sufficiently convinced me that they expected 
 opposition at their landing. It is since confidently asserted that a large 
 body of men in N. Carolina & Georgia had solicited Sr. Henry to send 
 a party into either of these provinces which they would instantly join, 
 hut we've been so often amused by this kind of intelligence that I 
 acknowledge my expectations from the report are not very sanguine. 
 Bayard’s Corpst reinforces Nova Scotia. 
 
 The speculators on Political subjects who now exercise their talents 
 here are either Refugees from the Country, mortify’d with their present 
 situation & murmuring at every public measure, or mere superficial 
 traders collected from every quarter of this strange world. From such 
 men impartial discussions cannot be expected, I listen to ’em because 
 there are none better. The sending Provincial Troops on such services 
 has become matter of consideration among ’em; they have generally 
 censured the measure as unjust & not consistent with the original com¬ 
 pact. This assertion arises from an idea that all or most of the provincial 
 corps were Local & intended to defend particular provinces from which 
 they could not be removed but by their own consent. Contracted as this 
 sentiment may at first appear there is some reason for it. Those men 
 who consulted their own immediate advantage and reputation more than 
 the public good gave assurances, for which they had no authority from 
 the Com’r in Chief, and seduced men into the service by promises that 
 they should not be called, on any emergency, from particular places. 
 Howeter as I have the honor of being connected with those troops I’m 
 not puzzled to account for the policy, if unable to applaud the justice 
 of the measure. Most of the recruits enlisted expressly for the term 
 of two years, or during the continuance of the rebellion; there is not 
 wanting among them men of sufficient cunning to suggest that those 
 terms imply an option in the soldier whether he will continue in service 
 after the expiration of the first period; quibbling and dishonorable as 
 this suggestion may seem to a European gentleman; it is a tolerable 
 pretence for an American labourer, and the consequences of it were more 
 serious than you would at first imagine. Discharges have been demanded 
 by those who enlisted early, &c. Were they to remain entirely inactive 
 and in the vicinity of the places where they formerly lived desertions 
 
 *A light infantry corps formed in this way was known as the Provincial 
 Light Infantry, and was in 1780 under command of Major Thomas Barclay. 
 
 f Bayard’s corps was known as the King’s Orange Rangers. 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 41 
 
 would be frequent. The pleasure of gratifying revenge for recent perse¬ 
 cutions and injuries, or a flush of romantic military ardor were the 
 inducements to engage. They have been in some measure disappointed 
 in their first expectation and a two years service as soldiers has con¬ 
 siderably cooled ’em in the latter. It cannot therefore be impolitic to 
 change their ground. 
 
 Those who are actuated by mere caprice I do not pity, but there 
 are many who would with alacrity serve during the rebellion under the 
 same officers who promised to lead them—but from necessity or some 
 other cause, Commanders have beeen changed, men drafted, &c., &e. 
 Coxcombs—Fools—& Blackguards, have been provided as officers in the 
 Provincial Line. The soldiers, unaccustomed to severity, have been made 
 miserable and unhappy. I really am no advocate for indulgencies to 
 soldiers but I cannot think it below the dignity of an officer who wishes 
 well to the service in general to consult the disposition of his men. 
 But enough * * I’ve been listening this day with great 
 
 satisfaction to the observations of my friend Blowers, made during his 
 barbarous confinement at Boston, but before I communicate any part of 
 ’em, let me add my grateful acknowledgements to those of that worthy 
 man for your extreme politeness and attention to him. When he left 
 this garrison I should have taken the liberty of mentioning him to you, 
 but I considered that from his connections at Rhode Island you would most 
 probably see him & I was sure that his good qualities could not escape 
 your discernment I am exceedingly gratify’d at finding that you were 
 made acquainted with his plan and that it met your approbation. The 
 harsh treatment which he received during his stay at Boston was most 
 unprecedented & cruel . You may one day hear the particulars from him, 
 I will only tell you that the dampest, dirtiest hole in the common gaol 
 was the place allotted him. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Dr. Jeffries.* 
 
 [1779.] 
 
 • As I have reason to suppose that your pursuits as an individual arc 
 nearly similar to my own, and that our attachment to this country arises 
 from the same cause, & is fixed on the same principles, I am under no 
 restraint in writing on any subject which concerns it: and tho’ my 
 speculations may not be materially useful, there is a satisfaction in com- 
 
 *Doctor John Jeffries, of Boston, was born in 1744 and graduated at Harvard 
 in 1763—two years prior to graduation of Edward Winslow. He left Boston at 
 the evacuation in 1776 and went to Halifax. In 1779 he went from thence to 
 England. Afterwards he was appointed surgeon to the British forces at 
 Charlestown and New York. He died in Boston in 1819, aged 75 years. 
 
42 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 fl770 
 
 municating ’em. To gratify your curiosity is among my motives for 
 writing at present, but I acknowledge the principal one is to support, 
 by as fair arguments as I can produce, some opinions which I offered 
 during your friendly visit at Springfield. A long acquaintance with you 
 has confirmed me in the idea that I forfeit your esteem whenever my 
 actions or my serious decisions appear the result of passion, prejudice 
 or interest. That forfeiture is an event which I should deprecate as 
 very unfortunate to myself, and to avoid it I shall endeavor to convince 
 you that I was not influenced by any such principle in the declarations 
 which I frequently made on our favorite subject. The Provincial Troops ! 
 I have uniformaly asserted and I most sincerely believe that those Corps 
 if duly encouraged would have been much more respectable in point of 
 numbers than they are at present, and if properly employed would have 
 contributed largely towards suppressing the rebellion in America. These 
 are the facts on which I mean to enlarge. 
 
 It seems to be a proposition almost incontrovertible that the original 
 design in the institution of Provincial Corps was “ To employ as bene¬ 
 ficially as possible such of the Americans, or American residents, as 
 “ inclined to serve in a military line; that those who were of consequence 
 e: in the country might exert their influence in procuring recruits for the 
 t: service of Government.” In this light the plan was viewed by the 
 King’s friends assembled at Boston when it was first suggested by the 
 venerable Gen’l Ruggles;* and I have not forgotten with what alacrity 
 the idea was adopted by many of the most respectable characters among 
 the refugees. Such, however, was the situation of the British army, their 
 distress for provisions & other perplexing circumstances, that an effort 
 to raise Recruits there would have been impolitic and must have proved 
 ineffectual. ’Tis unnecessary for my present purpose to take any notice 
 of the Regiment called The Emigrants! as that is now numbered in the 
 
 * General Timothy Ruggles, born in Massachusetts in 1711, a graduate of 
 Harvard in 1732. He attained the rank of brigadier general during the French 
 war. He was an energetic Loyalist. Aflter the peace in 1783 he settled at Wil- 
 mot, N. S., where he died in 1795 at the age of 85 years. Benjamin Marston 
 (under date Dec. 13, 1784) writes in his journal: “Arrived at General Ruggles, 
 
 “ spent two days with that brave, worthy old man, who at three score and ten 
 “ is beginning the world anew with as much activity as if he were but one score 
 “ an< I ten.” See biography of General Timothy Ruggles by Henry Stoddard 
 Ruggles of Wakefield, Mass.; also Sabine’s Loyalists of the American Revolu¬ 
 tion. 
 
 fThe Young Royal Highland Emigrants were organized by General Gage’s 
 order to Lieut. Col. Allan McNab, June 14, 1775. The men were recruited at 
 Quebec, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and (later) at Newfoundland. 
 The second battalion of the regiment, commanded by Major John Small, was 
 stationed in Nova Scotia during the war. The corps was very efficient, and 
 was on Dec. 25, 1778, included in the British establishment as the 84th regiment 
 of foot. 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 43 
 
 Line; nor need I mention The Fencible Americans* who were principally 
 recruited at New-Foundland—or Legge’s Corps, which is yet inconsider¬ 
 able and has been mostly at Halifax. Passing these by, I shall attempt 
 to shew from other instances how much the original intention has been 
 perverted and to enumerate some of the discouragements which some of 
 these regiments have labored under. This I confess is a task peculiarly 
 painful because it obliges me to take a retrospective view of some of Sir 
 William Howe’s administration—an administration which no real friend 
 io the British Government can look hack upon without experiencing 
 extreme chagrine. 
 
 The first provincial recruits that joined the army was a party called 
 The Hew York Volunteers. They were collected about the North River 
 before the Troops appeared in that quarter and (with their leaders Grant & 
 Campbell, half-pay officers, who had settled in that country and acquired 
 property and influence) they escaped to the King’s Ships at Sandy-Hook. 
 After some months they were forwarded to Halifax, where they arrived 
 a few days before the embarkation of the Troops. Here they were 
 reviewed and formed into two companies & Grant & Campbell were 
 appointed Captains. At that time it was urged that no provision was 
 made or fund established from which these unfortunate men could he 
 cloathed or accoutred, and they embarked with the Troops with only the 
 wretched remnant of the apparel in which they had escaped from the 
 rebels six or eight months before. In this distress, they landed at Staaten 
 Island. A few small articles were bestowed on them while there, but 
 nothing to relieve them essentially. On the famous 27th of August, 
 1776, when the rebels were subdued on this island, the two companies 
 served together and distinguished themselves in such a manner as to 
 extort the most particular compliments from the Commander-in-Chief. 
 Almost naked & extremely feeble from a long series of fatigues, they 
 absolutely did not murmur, hut appeared to realize that the rebels of 
 the country were the original causes of all their misfortunes, and this 
 consideration whetted their resentment to a great degree of keenness. 
 But the inattention to this meritorious little party (altho’ it had not the 
 effect which might naturally have been expected on the members who 
 
 * The Roval Fencible Americans were organized in Nova Scotia in June 
 17 <5, and by the close of that year 300 men were enlisted. The majority were 
 by birth Europeans or Loyalists from the old colonies; many also were recruit¬ 
 ed in Newfoundland. A considerable portion of the corps settled in Charlotte 
 county in 1733. During the war the garrisons at Fort Cumberland and Fort 
 Howe were supplied principally by this regiment. 
 
 fGovernor Legge’s order for raising this corps (the Loyal Nova Scotia 
 " ers) ™ issued Oct. 16, 1775, but in April following it only numbered 
 aoout 60 men. However, the number enlisted on Feb. 1, 1780, was 568. At the 
 peace, in 1783, many of the corps settled at Ship Harbor, N. S. 
 
44 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1779 
 
 composed it) was matter of serious concern to others. Sensible men who 
 were zealots in the King’s canse had anticipated the most cordial welcome 
 & ample support to such as should join the troops. They were exceed¬ 
 ingly disconcerted at the treatment of these Volunteers. It was not 
 credited that a General whose command was so extensive could possibly 
 want the power to furnish common necessaries for 200 men, if his dis¬ 
 position toward them was favorable, especially as it was known that 
 
 [Remainder of this letter is missing.] 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lord Rawdon.* 
 
 New York, 12th January, 1779. 
 
 My Lord:— 
 
 On the 15th July, 1776, I was appointed by Sir Wm. Howe Muster- 
 Master-Gen’l of all His Majesty’s Provincial Forces, raised and to he raised 
 within the district of North America, under his command, and was 
 informed by him that I was to receive ten shillings a day and an allowance 
 for extra expenses. 
 
 At the time of my appointment only one Provincial Corps, the York 
 Volunteers existed here, but before the expiration of the first year, 
 warrants were issued for raising several brigades and regiments and the 
 recruits for them were scattered through the various parts of the Gar¬ 
 risons then held by the King’s Troops. It was judged necessary to muster 
 them all, once in two months and to certify the concurrence of the 
 abstracts and Subsistence accounts with the Muster Rolls, previous to 
 their being paid. On the appointment of an Inspector General! I con¬ 
 sented to continue that part of the duty and exhibited an account for 
 the expenses I had incurred and for the payment of a Deputy for the 
 first year, up to August 1777, which was approved and paid. In the 
 course of the last year I was ordered to Rhode Island and Philadelphia, 
 and as Provincial Corps were forming in both those places, Sir Wm. Howe 
 was pleased to appoint Deputies there. Those Deputies have been paid 
 by myself. When at Philadelphia I presented accounts up to March in 
 Ihe second year, hut was desired to postpone them till the year expired. 
 I was immediately ordered to New York,, soon after which Sir Henry 
 Clinton took the command. At the expiration of the year in August 
 last, I delivered my accounts for my deputies and expenses to Capt. Smith 
 
 ♦Lord Rawdon was intimately associated with the Loyalist regiments. He 
 commanded a corps known as the Volunteers of "Ireland, raised in America in 
 1778, which rendered gallant service and was mustered as a Loyalist corps. 
 Lord Rawdon was adjutant general of the Loyalist forces. 
 f'Lieut. Colonel Alexander Innes. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 45 
 
 1779] 
 
 and requested they might he presented: after they had been some time 
 in his hands I was informed it was necessary for me to deliver them 
 personally to the Commander in Chief. I was then, and for two or three 
 months afterwards, confined to my bed with a most tedious and dangerous 
 fever and am now wholly unable to attend at Headquarters. During all 
 this time I have been able but twice to go to Hew York. Once the 
 Commander in Chief was absent, at the other time I was informed he 
 was so particularly engaged that he could not be seen. 
 
 To avoid giving more trouble than this application necessarily re¬ 
 quires, I have desired Mr. Chipman to attend your Lordship’s leisure for 
 an answer. 
 
 I am with the highest respect, my Lord, 
 
 Your Lordship’s most obed’t & most humble serv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Hugh Mackay Gordon* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Pensacola 20th March, 1779. 
 
 My dear Sir,— 
 
 I am happy to inform you that I have at last arrived at my 
 Banishment. We had but a narrow escape upon our Passage from Hew 
 York to Jamaica our Convoy having parted with us a week after being out. 
 However on the 30th Hov’r the Transports arrived safe at Kingston, 
 Avhere we remained one month owing to the alarming state of the island 
 of St. Domingo. I assure you I spent a very agreeable time. It is a 
 pleasant and most plentiful country, but it never was known so sickly 
 for 32 years past, A number of Provincial Officers were taken ill of most 
 violent fever—Capt’n Grafton Dulanyf & Doct’r Kidd died after a few 
 days illness. You may easily conceive what a change it is coming from 
 a pleasant plentiful country into a wretched one, & I may say with safety 
 I am now in the worst part of the world—nothing to be had but lean 
 Beef and Pork except Poultry which is extravagantly dear, & it is so 
 
 d-d hot fish stinks before it can be boiled. The only thing this 
 
 pleasant place abounds in is a beautiful white sand which circulates 
 freely It gives me pleasure to inform you that General Campbell has 
 
 *Hugh Mackay Gordon at this time was Edward Winslow’s deputy at 
 Pensacola. He went to Halifax at the peace in 1783, and there the intimacy 
 with Winslow was further increased. Gordon rose rapidly in his profession, 
 w'as a colonel in the army in 1807, and in 1815 a major general. He proved a 
 good friend to Colonel Winslow. See letter of Winslow to S. S. Blowers of 7th 
 June. 1806. 
 
 fCaptain Grafton Dulany in 1777 organized a company for the Maryland 
 Loyalists. He died Dec. 23, 1778. Dr. Alex. Kidd of the same corps died Nov. 
 21. 1778. 
 
46 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1779 
 
 appointed me both Deputy Muster Master General and Deputy Inspector 
 of Provincials in West Florida & I conceive myself much obliged for your 
 attention. 
 
 As Lieut. Col. [Wm.] Allen’s Corps* was the first disembarked I 
 mustered them on the 30 Jan’y. Copies of the Muster Rolls are enclosed 
 which I took some pains to get correct & I hope you will find ’em so. 
 Lieut. Col. Chalmer’s Corps | was not mustered until the 22nd Feb’y 
 owing to the number ill of the Small Pox. You will observe by the 
 Muster Rolls enclosed this disorder carried off a great many, which in¬ 
 duced General Campbell to disperse one Company agreeable to the 
 enclosed order—for the propriety of this measure see the Strength of the 
 Companies. 
 
 There is a dispute concerning the Rank of Lt. Col’s. Allen & 
 Chalmers, it has been referred to General Campbell who will not settle 
 but conceives Allen has the preference. You must know who has the 
 preference & I am sure, altho’ Allen’s not on the spot, you will endeavor 
 to have justice done him. Chalmers goes to Hew York, & I believe 
 principally with a view to get the Rank, for fear those Corps should be 
 thrown together. For my part I ought to have some knowledge and I 
 must confess I have no doubt but Allen should be the eldest which I 
 told General Campbell. 
 
 Enclosed I send you monthly returns & have only to beg you may 
 send me such further Directions as you shall think necessary. 
 
 Pray make my best Compliments to Mr. Anderson, H. & W. Coffin 
 and all my old Friends, and tell them not to come to Pensacola. 
 
 Believe me to be, Most sincerely Yours, 
 
 Hugh Mackay Gordon. 
 
 General Prescott’s Orders for the Bedford Expedition. 
 Instructions for Edward Winslow Esquire hereby appointed to com¬ 
 mand a detachment of Provincial Forces and Refugees ordered on a 
 Secret Expedition: Head Quarters, Newport, March 30th, 17794 
 
 The Transports with the Troops & one Privateer (the General Leslie) 
 are to proceed to Clark’s Cove, while the other Privateers proceed up the 
 
 *Lieut. Col. William AJllen’s commission was dated Oct. 14, 1777. He was a 
 son of the chief justice of Pennsylvania. The Allen family were celebrated 
 Loyalists. At the peace, in 1783, he went to England. He was a grantee of Parr 
 Town. 
 
 f Lieut. Col. James Chalmers’ commission as commander of the Maryland 
 Loyalists bears date Oct. 14, 1777—same date as Col. Wm. Allen’s commission. 
 At the close of the war he went to England. His corps settled in the parish 
 of St. Mary’s, York County, N. B. 
 
 t An account of this expedition will be found in Macy’s History of Nantucket 
 Island. 
 
1779J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 47 
 
 River of Bedford by the West Channel, leaving Palmer’s Island between 
 them and the Fort. It is recommended that Mr. Leonard* go with 
 the Privateers & that he prevent any irregular landing of the sailors & 
 others until a communication is effected. The Troops to disembark at 
 Clark’s Cove; the Transports & “General Leslie” privateer will remain in 
 the Cove until they receive orders from the Commandant of the Troops. 
 The Troops first disembarked will instantly begin to destroy the Bridge 
 at the Head of the Cove leaving proper sentinels at a convenient Post 
 near this Pass when the Troops have moved from it. 
 
 Captain DePeyster f with fifty men to move forward toward the Town, 
 take possession of the wharves & hinder all communication between the 
 town & the rebel shipping, the remainder of the party to hold possession 
 of the hill behind the town, which commands it; this position to continue 
 until it is evident that all the Rebel property is secured by the Privateers. 
 Such men as are well acquainted with shipping to be put on board those 
 Rebel Vessels that are nearest the wharves so as to navigate them out. 
 After having destroyed all buildings improved as Barracks, store houses, 
 and every public deposit, the Troops will embark with all possible ex¬ 
 pedition to return to this Post from which to be employed in such other 
 service as may be thought necessary. 
 
 The success of this attempt wholly depending on the quickness & 
 regularity with which it is executed, it is therefore most strictly enjoined 
 that, no stores are broke open & Plundered or any other Depredations 
 suffered which may retard the movements or create disorder. 
 
 The order of debarkation to be as follows:—Capt. DePeyster with 
 the Grenadiers & Gov’r Wentworth’s Volunteers! to land first, after¬ 
 wards the Refugees. This order to be reversed at embarking. It will 
 be understood that when the Grenadiers are in front. Governor Went- 
 
 *George Leonard of Massachusetts was second in command of the Associ¬ 
 ated Refugees. In 1783 he was one of the agents employed in the locating of the 
 Loyalists on the River St. John. He was a member of the council of New 
 Brunswick. In the legislature, as a magistrate, colonel of militia, and in the 
 execution of the very difficult office of superintendent of trade and fisheries he 
 was active and fearless. As a churchman and as a member of the board of 
 commisssioners of the New England company for civilizing and Christianizing 
 the Indians he was equally energetic. Throughout his life George Leonard was 
 a great friend and admirer of Edward Winslow. He died at Sussex Vale in 1826. 
 
 fAbraham DePeyster commanded the Grenadier company of the King’s Am- 
 reican Regiment, in which his commisssion is dated Dec. 13, 1776. He came to 
 New Brunswick in 1783, and was a grantee of Parr Town. In 1785 he was sheriff 
 of Sunbury county, residing at Maugerville. He became provincial treasurer 
 in 1792 and removed to St. John. He died at his residence opposite the site of 
 the present Custom House in Prince William street, Feb. 19, 1798, aged 46 years. 
 For further particulars see Lawrence’s Foot Prints, page 55. 
 
 ^Governor Wentworth’s Volunteers were organized about the year 1777 under 
 the patronage of John Wentworth, late governor of New Hampshire. The mem¬ 
 bers of the corps were mostly Massachusetts men of good standing and educa¬ 
 tion. Many of them afterwards obtained commissions and were posted to other 
 corps, notably the King’s American Dragoons. 
 
48 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1779 
 
 north's Volunteers will be in tbe rear, the Eefugees always in the centre. 
 Captains Goldsbury & Martin will keep their companies as distinct as 
 possible. The future reputation & dearest interests of the Refugees 
 depending on the success of this exertion it is not doubted that regularity, 
 sobriety & the most implicit obedience will invariably be observed. 
 
 At all events Captain DePeyster’s Company is to return with proper 
 convoy to Rhode Island immediately after the Party leaves Bedford. The 
 Privateers that convoy the Transports will be furnished with private 
 signals. Mr. Leonard will also have private signals. Some rebels of 
 importance or in Public offices are to be bought off. 
 
 Should it be found nnadvisable from the apparent Force of the 
 enemy or other causes, such as contrary winds or extreme badness of 
 weather, to pursue the Enterprize it must then be expedient to return; 
 Easy conquests being the object in view & not a contention with a too 
 superior Force. 
 
 R’d Prescott. 
 
 Col. Winslow’s Report of the Bedford Expedition. 
 
 Newport, 6th April, 1779. 
 
 Sir,— 
 
 I have the honor to report to you my arrival at this place with the 
 Grenadier Company of the King’s American Regiment*. Our attempt 
 on Bedford failed of success by want of wind to carry our vessels into 
 the harbour—the Rebels had observ’d us off & had collected in force to 
 oppose our landing & had manned a fort which commanded the entrance 
 of the Harbour & made various other preparations. 
 
 Their great superiority of numbers, strong positions & other material 
 circumstances rendered an attack upon them too hazardous, especially as 
 General Prescott had so pointedly ordered me not to contend with superior 
 force & suggested that in the infant state of our party “easy conquests 
 ought to be our object.” I therefore reluctantly relinquished the enter¬ 
 prize, and as I was instructed to alarm the coast & harrass the enemy as 
 much as possible I proceeded with the party down the Sound as far as 
 the town of Falmouth, against which Mr. Leonard drew up the Privateers 
 in a line and kept up a fire for two hours directly at the houses, while 
 Capt. DePeyster of the King’s American Regt., and Capt. Murray of Gov’r 
 Wentworth’s Vols., with a party of about forty men (which was all we 
 
 *The warrant for raising this corps was issued about Dec. 11, 1776, at least 
 this is the date of Colonel Edmund Fanning’s commission. The men of the 
 regiment belonged to Rhode Island, Connecticut and New York. A troop of 
 cavalry was included in the corps. At the peace, in 1783 the King’s American 
 Regiment settled between Pokiok and Eel River, on the west side of the River 
 St. John. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 49 
 
 1779 ] 
 
 could embark at the time, having no flat boats) made a show of landing. 
 The Rebels alarmed by the firing at Bedford had thrown up a very long 
 breastwork from behind which they fired without effect at the party who 
 coasted along the shore. As there was no object in view at this place 
 bevond harrassing the Rebels the party returned to the Vessels without 
 receiving any other injury than two men very slightly wounded. 
 
 This expedition will be productive of good consequences exclusive of 
 effectually alarming the whole coast from point Judith to Hyannas & 
 even the whole of Cape Cod, we had frequent opportunities of conversing 
 with the inhabitants of Eliz’h Islands, & have reason to apprehend that 
 the arguments of Major General Gray has caused a very sincere conversion 
 in them. 
 
 I am exceedingly gratified at an opportunity of testifying that every 
 individual of the party discovered the most extreme ardor, and I am 
 perfectly convinced that it will be more my duty to check than to en¬ 
 courage them in their future operations. I am particularly indebted to 
 Major Upham* for his advice & assistance on all occasions. 
 
 I left the command of the Refugees with Capt. Murray who has 
 already exhibited most convincing proofs of a spirit of enterprize & sound 
 judgment. They are to proceed to Nantucket and deprive of the means 
 of commerce a nest of traders who have carried on a trade to France and 
 who import a variety of articles necessary for the Rebels. I have no 
 doubt of their success in this attempt. 
 
 Ed. Winslow, Lt. Col. Refugees. 
 
 Regimental Orders of the Corps of Loyal Associated Refugees. 
 
 Quarters, Newport, April 11, 1779. 
 
 Captain Murray, Captain Goldsbury & Captain Martin, with the 
 officers & men of their respective companies, to assemble and embark at 
 5 o’clock this afternoon. This detachment to be furnished with Sixty 
 Rounds of Ammunition and to take with them their Blankets and pro¬ 
 visions for two days. 
 
 *Major Josnua Upham of Brookfield, Mass., graduated at Harvard in 1763. 
 He begun his military career in conjunction with his old friend Edward Wins¬ 
 low on this occasion. He was afterwards with Benedict Arnold in his attack 
 on New London, Connecticut. In 1781 he was deputy inspector general of Re¬ 
 fugees at Lloyd’s Neck on Long Island. Here with the aid of the undisciplined 
 Refugees he repulsed the attack of some French marauders. In March, 1781, 
 he was major in the King’s American Dragoons, and in September, 1782, aide- 
 de-camp to the commander in chief, Sir Guy Carleton. He settled in New 
 Brunswick at the peace and became one of the judges of the supreme court and 
 a member of council. His death took place in England Nov. 1, 1808, at the age 
 of 67 years. His mission to England was to secure an increase in the salary of 
 the judges, and in this he was successful. 
 
50 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1779 
 
 Captain Murray the Commanding Officer of this detachment will 
 wait on Colonel Fanning,* the Commandant of the Corps of Refugees, 
 when the party are embarked, to receive his orders and Instructions. The 
 Transports and armed vessels for this service will be furnished by Mr. 
 Leonard the navy agent and contractor for the Associated Refugees. 
 
 [The embarkation was postponed for certain reasons until the 23rd 
 April.] 
 
 Quarters, Newport, 23 April, 1779. 
 
 The whole Corps of associated Refugees to embark at 6 o’clock this 
 afternoon on board the armed vessels “General Leslie” and “George” and 
 a transport brig. Captain Murray will take the command and when the 
 party is embarked will report to Colonel Fanning their number and receive 
 his Orders and Instructions for carrying into execution the particular 
 service recommended by the Board of Directors and approved by Major 
 General Prescott the Commander in Chief of his Majesty’s Forces on this 
 Island. Mr. Loringf the surgeon will go on this service with the proper 
 materials and preparations for such an expedition which may probably be 
 performed in forty eight hours. 
 
 [Note.] On the 14th May, 1779, a party of 167 Loyal Associated 
 Refugees under command of Capt. Daniel Murray started with the design 
 of making a second attempt on Bedford, but learning of the presence of 
 a superior force they took post at Tarpaulin Cove and asked leave to 
 establish themselves there. 
 
 The Associated Refugees under Winslow had on June 10, 1779, 
 captured 2 brigs, 2 schooners, 1 sloop, 10 boats with a considerable quan¬ 
 tity of goods of various kinds and 35 prisoners, among them some persons 
 of considerable note. Also 134 horses, 138 cattle, 1843 sheep, 11 hogs, 
 642 lambs, 38 calms. On Sept. 16, 1779, Winslow reports that in the 
 subsequent excursions 13 prizes were taken by the Refugee vessels, 3 of 
 them armed vessels, and that the account of sales of property taken from 
 the Rebels by the Agent’s certificate amounted to the sum of £23,427.18.6 
 sterling. In June and September the Associated Refugees seem to have 
 
 *Colonel Edmund Fanning of North Carolina graduated at Yale College. 
 He was gazetted colonel Dec. 11, 1776, and raised the King’s American Regi¬ 
 ment, toward which large sums were subscribed. (See Sabine’s Loyalists). 
 He went to Halifax at the close of the war, and on Sept. 23, 1783, was appointed 
 Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. In 1786 he became Lieutenant Governor 
 of Prince Edward Island, which position he held nineteen years. He continued 
 to advance in military rank—was major general in 1793, lieutenant general in 
 1799 and general in 1808. He died in London 1818. 
 
 t Benjamin Loring, M. D., of Boston. In 1783 he went from New York to 
 Shelburne. His losses in consequence of his loyalty were estimated at £3,000. 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 51 
 
 been under Col. Winslow’s direction, his superior officer and Commandant 
 being Lt. Col. Richard Hewlett* of DeLancey’s 3rd Battalion, then 
 stationed on Long Island. 
 
 The Associated Refugees included Governor Wentworth’s Volunteers 
 under Capt. Murray, a detachment of Colonel Wightman’s Loyal Hew 
 Englanders under Captain Zebedee Terry, and Captain Martin’s Corps. 
 The Party sailed from Newport to Lloyd’s Heck, Long Island, in June, 
 where they were joined by Capt. Bonnel’s party with their whale boats. 
 Two men, Smith and Sears, were taken on board the Royal Charlotte by 
 Winslow to act as guides. The expedition proceeded to Norwalk where 
 it arrived in the early morning of June 30th but whether it accomplished 
 anything of consequence does not appear. 
 
 In September 1779, an expedition was undertaken to Martha’s Vine¬ 
 yard, and in the Orders of the 9 th of that month, issued on board the 
 Royal Charlotte, the words occur, “It is Lieut. Col. Winslow’s particular 
 request that the Loyal Refugees will exert themselves to prevent every 
 species of depredations from being committed on the Inhabitants of 
 Martha’s Vineyard and the other Elizabeth Islands; it being his as well 
 as Mr. Leonard’s determination to treat all those defenceless people and 
 their families with consideration. Countersign from Lieut. Col. Hewlett, 
 Winslow.” It is altogether probable that the Associated Refugees accom¬ 
 panied General Tryont in his expedition in July, 1779, in which many 
 of the Connecticut towns were ravaged and Norwalk and Fairfield 
 destroyed. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 13th June, 1779. 
 
 Dear Chip,—I catch every transient moment to write you. I yester¬ 
 day closed a formal letter introducing Mr. Marston. * * * 
 
 As to my finances, d—n them, my expences since I’ve been here have 
 been less than they ever were in the same period of time. Could I help 
 when I met my precious old father and sister giving them everything 
 I had and more too ? Heaven forbid. 
 
 *Lieut. Col. Richard Hewlett of Hampstead, Long Island. He rendered good 
 service as commander of the 3rd battalion of DeLancey’s brigade at Satauket, 
 where, in 1777, he repulsed the attack of General Parsons. See Jones’ Loyalist 
 History of New York, vol. 1, p. 182. He contributed much to the security of 
 Long Island during the war. At the peace he came to St. John in the month of 
 September, 1783, as senior officer commanding the British and Loyalist troops 
 that were to be disbanded on the river. He settled at Hampstead, Queens 
 County, near Long Island, and died there in 1789. 
 
 fMajor General William Tryon of North Carolina filled the office of gov¬ 
 ernor (the last royal governor with one exception). He was transferred to New 
 York, where he was governor from July, 1771, to 1780. He was commander in 
 chief of the Loyalist forces. Went to England at the peace in 1783. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1779 
 
 Oh ! for the pen of a Sterne to describe a scene on Prudence Islandf 
 Figure to yourself the venerable old man sitting on a rock watching the 
 boat which held his only son while it heat against the wind for an hour. 
 Suppose him collecting all his fortitude, strengthening himself by anti¬ 
 cipation and struggling against a variety of feelings tender and distressing. 
 See him wiping his brow, which alternately clouded and cleared. 
 
 In his pocket were papers giving a particular account of my death 
 and burial, etc. As I approached the shore he pulled—literally pulled 
 (I could not change the word for any other in the world) the paper from 
 his pocket—looked at it—looked at me; then he cried, “My God, he 
 died !” 
 
 When I landed—sound and strong, my father fell on his face. I 
 should have deserved everlasting damnation if I could have spoke one 
 word. No, no, I boast, I glory, that I could not speak. I flung myself 
 by my father on the ground: it was his business to begin. There was 
 a spark of something like courage left in his breast and he kindled it— 
 mine was all lost. “I am glad, I am glad/’ says he, “to see you my boy/' 
 and down he fell again, the spark then quenched on the - verge of expira¬ 
 tion—[Major] Barry, who had been motionless, and stared with silent 
 astonishment at' the loving fulness of our sensibility, by a violent exertion 
 of strength, dictated by humanity aroused us. There were present rebel 
 officers and rebel soldiers, King’s officers and King’s soldiers, sailors of 
 both denominations and negroes—not a heart among them that did not 
 melt. All formalities usual with flags was forgotten, every man turned 
 from us, walked different ways and were profoundly silent. By degrees 
 my father’s countenance brightened, and flashes of gratitude darted from 
 his eyes in rapid succession. He did not trouble Heaven with words, 
 but the throne of Grace was never ornamented with a purer effusion of 
 thanks. The poor girl, my sister, had fainted and recovered, and fainted 
 again. I summoned every power to comfort her, and at length prevailed 
 on her to speak. 
 
 I afforded them every possible comfort and consolation. The old man 
 declared he was happy and when we parted he only shook his head and 
 pronounced “God bless my son.” 
 
 Associated Refugees. 
 
 June 19, 1779. 
 
 Winslow writes :—-“Fifty of the Associated Refugees under my 90 m- 
 mand are now embarked as marines on board their own armed vessels to 
 assist in conveying his Majesty’s troops from Rhode Island to New York. 
 
 * Prudence Island is an island in, Narraganset Bay, Rhode Island. 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 53 
 
 When we have performed this service I propose to indulge the party in 
 making some incursions in the colony of Connecticut. Hitherto we have 
 been successful beyond our most sanguine expectations, having had the 
 satisfaction of contributing essentially to the relief of his Majesty’s Troops 
 in this garrison and of greatly distressing the rebels by our depredations 
 and continued alarms.” 
 
 Eev. Edward Winslow to Colonel Winslow. 
 
 August, 1779. 
 
 Dear Sir,— 
 
 At the request of Rev. Mr. Learning of Norwalk I take the liberty 
 to trouble you with this to engage your friendly influence and offices 
 towards his recovering sundry parts of his property which he missed 
 after the late conflagration,* and apprehends may have been taken by 
 some persons under your authority who may be willing to restore them 
 if properly notified of the Principles & condition of the Proprietor— 
 
 A number of Table Cloths & Sheeting—number uncertain. 
 
 A large Turkey Carpet. A Mahogany Tea Table. 
 
 Eight Feather Beds. A Gown & Cassock & Suit of Cloaths, (Broad 
 Cloth) w’ch Mr. Learningf heard were seen on board the Ship Prince of 
 Wales, & Sundry other Articles of his Wearing Apparel. 
 
 Two setts of Bed Curtains, Chintz. 
 
 All Mrs. I (earning’s Wearing Apparel & Linnen. 
 
 Seven pairs of large Rose Blankets, & a Bed Quilt. 
 
 There are many other articles which Mr. Learning cannot recollect. 
 If of all, or any of them, you could obtain tidings and would be so good 
 as to take any measure that they might be recovered, Mr.Leaming would be 
 extremely obliged and it would be adding a particular favour to the many 
 instances of Friendship which will ever bind me to acknowledge myself, 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Yr. affect. & much obliged Friend & Serv’t. 
 
 Edw’d Winslow, f 
 
 *Norwalk was burned July 12, 1779. Among those who retired with the 
 Royal Army were my own ancestor, Silas Raymond, and family, and many 
 other Loyalists. Silas Raymond is said to have set Are to his own house saying 
 that “the miserable rebels should not enjoy his property.”—W. O. R. 
 
 fRev. Jeremiah. Learning was the first choice of the clergy as Bishop of 
 Connecticut. The state of his health forbade his acceptance of the office, and 
 Rev. Dr. Seabury was then chosen. 
 
 JThe Rev. Edward Winslow was born in Boston and graduated at Harvard 
 in 1741. He was rector of Braintree, Mass. He was driven from his parish on 
 account of his loyalty, and about 1777 retired to New York. He died there the 
 year after this letter was written, at the age of 59 years, and is buried beneath 
 St. George’s church. He was related to Colonel Edward Winslow, but older by 
 a quarter of a century. 
 
54 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1779 
 
 Winslow & Leonard to Nantucket Committee.* 
 
 Holmes Hole, 20th. Sept., 1779. 
 
 Gent’n;— 
 
 We have read the extraordinary paper or memorial presented by 
 you as a committee from Nantucket, and we must in the most 
 explicit terms inform you that we do not consider it a satisfactory 
 explanation of your conduct, but as a specimen of that duplicity and 
 mean evasion which are the distinguishing characteristic of the people of 
 this country. 
 
 Our letter to the Inhabitants was dictated by friendship and was 
 forwarded at the express request of some of your principal men who 
 represented to us, “ That in the present state of public matters, the 
 “ Magistrates have not a due influence and that the only power now in 
 “ being at Nantucket is that which men of property exert over their 
 “ immediate dependants/’ To aid those men in their exertions, to increase 
 their influence and thereby oblige the Town were our motives, and we 
 expected our letter would have been productive of some candid acknow¬ 
 ledgement of past crimes and an absolute promise to avoid similar ones 
 in future. Nor had we an idea that all the cunning of the island would 
 have been summoned to produce such an ambiguous monster as your 
 memorial. Disappointed in this respect—it is incumbent on us to prove 
 the charges exhibited against you in justification of the threats contained 
 in our letter. And first to prevent any mistakes, you will observe that 
 we hold ourselves amenable to our superiors for all our transactions, and 
 we are perfectly satisfied from our own experience that Insults and 
 Indignities offered us will be a sufficient apology for our executing 
 vengeance against any people under Heaven. * * * 
 
 [The letter goes on to advance proofs of the following charges;— 
 
 (a) “Rescuing the Sloop Nancymond from our Letters of Marque,” 
 
 (b) “That you aid his Majesty’s Enemies,” (c) “That you molest & disturb 
 his Majesty’s servants.” Among the statements made in support of 
 these charges Winslow & Leonard aver that “The Inhabitants (Nantucket) 
 do constantly go off in whale boats from the back of the Island on the 
 appearance of rebel vessels and give intelligence to them of Ships of War 
 (British) or other cruisers in Boston Bay or the Vineyard Sound, and by 
 this means effectually prevent the property of the Rebels from being 
 intercepted. They persevere in their Trade with Ihe French West Indies 
 & thereby afford considerable supplies to the Rebels & this is done not¬ 
 withstanding you conditioned with Sir George Collier to discontinue that 
 Trade on his granting you permission to purchase those goods in the 
 
 *The Nantucket committee comprised Messrs. Folger, Botch, Starbuck and 
 Tupper. 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 55 
 
 King’s garrisons at Newport & New York.” Winslow & Leonard further 
 aver “that no King’s officer, friend to Government, or suspicious Person 
 dare make his appearance on your island, but that such persons are under 
 a necessity of concealing themselves as cautiously as if among their avowed 
 enemies—Witness D’cr. Tupper Jun’r., Mr. Thaxter & Mr. Barker who 
 have been lately in that predicament.] 
 
 When ships of War have made their appearance at your island—awed 
 by their power you have shewn respect & as much politeness as you are 
 capable of, but we defy you to produce any other instance. 
 
 Having finished our proofs which we suppose are ample to establish 
 every fact by us advanced—We must as briefly as possible take notice of 
 your apology for the first transaction, and we are under a necessity of 
 observing that we consider it as an insult offered to our understandings 
 and as a trick too frequently played in America to pass current at present. 
 The blame of the proceeding is lay’d on “lads” who are supposed to have 
 done the mischief without orders and of course the Town is not answer- 
 able, and in imitation of that metropolis of mobs, Boston, you resolve and 
 vote that you are perfectly peaceable, that you disavow all hostile proceed¬ 
 ings! But Gentlemen—can you possibly imagine that your very frivolous 
 pretence is a sufficient satisfaction for personal injuries, or that your peace¬ 
 able resolves are in any degree a recompence for waifing an armed vessel 
 & cargo, five hundred muskets & other war instruments, out of the hands, 
 of his Majesty’s friends into those of his rebellious subjects? 
 
 Your accusations against Capt. Duggan are too serious to pass entirely 
 unnoticed. Me say that the unruly behaviour of his sailors was subse¬ 
 quent to the loss of the prize; be acknowledges that, irritated by such pro¬ 
 vocation, they were in some degree irregular, but that every injury done 
 by them was instantly repaired either by ample recompence or punishment 
 of the delinquents, and we have declared & do repeat that if the Inhabi¬ 
 tants have suffered by any manner of persons under our command that we 
 are ready to make immediate restitution. It is our duty to assure you 
 that in future we shall resent every Indignity offered, nor will the simpli¬ 
 city of your language or the speciousness of your excuses be a satisfaction 
 for the hostility of your actions. 
 
 We are Gent’n Your H’ble Servants, 
 
 Ed. Winslow— 
 for himself & G. Leonard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Colonel Fanning. 
 
 Newport, Rhode Island, 25th Sept’r, 1779. 
 
 Sir ,—I have the honor to report to you that in pursuance of the plan 
 agreed on at New York, I on the 6th inst. embarked with Governor Went- 
 
56 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1779 
 
 worth’s Volunteers on hoard the armed vessel under command of Mr. 
 Leonard, and on the 9th we arrived at the harbor of Holmes Hole in the 
 island of Martha’s Vineyard. The Rebels on the coast had (as usual) been 
 informed of our preparations, and on our approach were in motion all the 
 distance from Seconet-point to Hyannas. The militia of the three coun¬ 
 ties of Plymouth, Bristol and Barnstaple were on the march, and the artil¬ 
 lery moved from the town of Plymouth towards Falmouth. Finding that 
 Martha’s Vineyard was our object, the Troops & cannon were counter¬ 
 manded, and they only reinforced the two posts of Bedford and Falmouth. 
 At the former they stationed 250 men, at the latter 300 men with three 
 Field-pieces. 
 
 As it was your advice, as well as my inclination, to endeavor at con¬ 
 ciliating the affections of the Inhabitants of these Islands by every means 
 in my power, and at the same time not to insist upon the performance of 
 any service from them which might subject them to the resentment of the 
 rebels after my departure, I immediately forwarded the Requisition Ho. 1 
 of the inclosed papers, accompanied by the Letter No. 2—the one for their 
 justification for coming on board, the other as a proof of our friendly in¬ 
 tentions. * * * * 
 
 Before I proceed further in my journal of occurrences I shall^beg 
 leave to observe that the Inhabitants of the Elizabeth Islands are now in 
 a predicament peculiar to themselves. Their situation is such as to admit 
 of a free and constant intercourse with the people of the main, while their 
 interviews with those of the King’s service are accidental, seldom & short. 
 Reports favorable to the Rebels are circulated with extreme assiduity, pre¬ 
 judices are imbibed and—for want of authentic intelligence—egregious 
 mistakes are made relative to important facts. At the commencement of 
 hostilities they engaged with reluctance, because they were exceedingly 
 exposed to depredations from either party, but at length by the strategems 
 of the rebels and their immediate influence they were seduced into the 
 commission of open acts of treason, and they continued in arms against 
 the King until they were deprived of them by Maj. Gen. Grey in Sept’r, 
 1778. He also obliged them to furnish considerable supplies for the 
 King’s Garrisons. By this exertion of the British Troops they were not 
 only more confirmed in their ideas of danger, but'they were also furnished 
 with a sufficient apology for remaining in a state of neutrality & peace. 
 ******* 
 
 Conscious that in various respects they had deviated from their 
 agreement with General Grey, they expected severity from us. A conduct 
 directly opposed to such expectation disappointed them agreeably & pro¬ 
 cured us their confidence; so that from being timid, ambiguous & cunning 
 they became free, explicit, & in some instances ingenuous. Upon the re- 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 57 
 
 turn of their committees the Inhabitants of the several towns assembled 
 and without a dissentient voice, voted to supply us as far as they were able 
 and their laborers and teams were immediately employed in procuring 
 wood, &c. 
 
 On the 10th I was informed that Mr. Welsh, purser of the Restora¬ 
 tion, being on shore on duty was taken by a party of Rebels from 
 Falmouth As Welsh was a native of Boston & a very obnoxious char¬ 
 acter (having been an active Revenue officer) I did not think it improbable 
 that he might receive indignities, hut I was convinced by an answer to a 
 letter of Mr. Leonard’s from the commanding officer at Falmouth, that 
 the Rebels meant to adopt a different kind of policy with us, and that 
 Welsh was favored with particular indulgences. I this day landed with 
 Capt. Murray’s party and was received by the inhabitants with as much, 
 civility as could be expected. Such articles as we wanted for our imme¬ 
 diate consumption, were brought to us, and we paid for them in com¬ 
 modities useful to them. The scattering among them a few articles of 
 British manufacture had not a bad effect—it revived their old predilection 
 and produced comparisons between British & French commodities not 
 favorable to the latter. 
 
 The 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th [September] I spent in reconnoitring the 
 grounds in different parts of (he island, attended by some of the principal 
 inhabitants who began to give us new proofs of their hospitality and readi¬ 
 ness to oblige us—they also made proposals to sell us their stock of cattle, 
 poultry, &c., for which we engaged to pay them in tea, sugar, coffee, &o. 
 Mr. Leonard appropriated a small vessel (the Fancy) to receive those 
 articles and in two days she was loaded with, poultry. 
 
 15th [Sept.] I received the following information, “That the General 
 “ Assembly of Massachusetts Bay continue to assess the Inhabitants of 
 “ Martha’s Vineyard, and that the Rate Bills for the present year are now 
 “ in the hands of Benjamin Pease, jun’r, “who is appointed collector of 
 taxes.” [The letter goes on to state that certain persons on the island 
 were serving on board armed vessels in the service of the rebels and had 
 taken prizes; also that the pilots warned the vessels approachng in the 
 offing ef the presence of the squadron under Winslow and Leonard pre¬ 
 venting their capture.] 
 
 Mr. Leonard * * ordered Capt. Baxter of the Leslie to take into 
 custody the Collector of Taxes & to bring him & his Rate Bills to Holmes 
 Hole, and he also issued a proclamation forbidding all pilots at their peril 
 from pursuing a practice so detrimental to the service. Those who were 
 concerned in the capture of Bell’s Vessel instantly fled to the main—others 
 who had been engaged in privateers surrendered & By way of atonement 
 entered our service. The Collector and his Rate Bills were brought and 
 
58 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1779 
 
 we have reason to apprehend that the order, relative to the pilots, answered 
 the purpose intended. 
 
 The Inhabitants were exceedingly gratified at the proceedings against 
 the Collector. * * * * 
 
 I made a public declaration to them that as the taxes were assessed 
 for the express purpose of levying war against the King, it would he con¬ 
 sidered as a most presumptions act in any person who should pay any pro¬ 
 portion for that purpose. They requested that they might be permitted 
 to represent this matter to ihe General Assembly. We consented that 
 Mr. Atheam should pass to Boston on that business. He communicated 
 our threats, &c., and obtained a temporary exemption. * * 
 
 On Atbeams return he communicated to some of the principal men in the 
 County of Barnstaple the indulgencies which he had obtained from the 
 General Court. They warmly resented the partiality and declared that as 
 their situations on the peninsula of Cape Codd w-ere equally exposed to 
 our depredations they would apply for the same privileges. * * 
 
 We have this day the pleasure of hearing that our vessels at Old Town 
 had taken a prize from the West Indies laden with sugar, molasses & coffee. 
 
 On the 16th I received the declaration of Bosswell & Bradshaw rela¬ 
 tive to the sloop Nancymond. 
 
 I refer you to enclosures No. 12, 13, 14, 15 for all the subsequent 
 transactions relative to Nantucket, and will only add that the committee 
 after carefully attending to the proofs alleged in my letter, begged leave 
 to withdraw their memorial and apologies and desired to throw themselves 
 on our mercy and that we would make as favorable a representation as cir¬ 
 cumstances would admit. Altho’ I acknowledge myself exceedingly affronted 
 by their insinuations & deceitful conduct—I was disposed to avoid any 
 severities, and I consented to make the best excuse possible for them. 
 ******* 
 
 Francis Green* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, 25th SeptY, 1779. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Enclosed in a letter from my kinsman, Joshua Winslow, 
 Esq’r, lately arrived from Boston at Halifax, I rec’d a letter unsealed for 
 you, which this serves to cover. I embrace the earliest opportunity of 
 forwarding it. 
 
 *Francis Green was a Boston merchant. He graduated at Harvard. He 
 was an ensign in the 40th Regiment at the siege of Louisburg, being but a 
 boy of sixteen. He was a sturdy Loyalist, and a very entertaining biographical 
 sketch of him is to be found in Sabine’s American Loyalists. At the peace he 
 settled in Nova Scotia, and was sheriff of the County of Halifax. He afterwards 
 returned to the United States, and lived at Medford, Massachusetts, where he 
 died in 1809. 
 
1779] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 59 
 
 By an extract from a Boston News Paper of 13th of this month, we 
 find they were steadily watching the motions of your Fleet and determined 
 if opportunity presented to effect the Destruction of it. It is a favorite 
 object with them but I flatter myself their expectations will he frustrated 
 by the Prudence of our Conductors. 
 
 That you may succeed in everything is the warm wish of 
 Dear Sir; 
 
 Yours with much esteem, 
 
 F. Green. 
 
 [This letter is addressed “Colonel Edw’d Winslow, commanding the 
 Associated Loyalists, &c., New-Port.”] 
 
 Pigdc-n Brice* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Savannah, 6th November, 1779. 
 
 I thank you for the appointment you have been pleased to honor me 
 with. * * The Provincials have been so scattered ever since they land¬ 
 
 ed here (till lately) that it was with infinite difficulty a Muster could be 
 obtained at all. When we returned from Augusta about the first of 
 March, part of some Corps were left at Briar Creek, some at Hudson Ferry, 
 Ebenezer, Savannah and Sunbury. I then endeavored to obtain a gen¬ 
 eral Muster of the whole for the April Returns but could not effect it 
 before the Army marched to So’ Carolina. In May I followed them and 
 joined in June on John’s Island being then a month on my passage. The 
 Stono affair immediately happened & the Army then returned to Beau¬ 
 fort & Savannah. Some of the Provincials remaining at Beaufort & on 
 Lady’s Island, I stayed there some time to Muster them, and then followed 
 the main body to Savannah, where I arrived on the 20th August very 
 sick; since which time I have not been out of my room, nay scarcely out 
 of my bed till within these five days. Am now recovering fast but not 
 able to finish the copies for this conveyance. * * * 
 
 Ridgon Brice to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Savannah, 25th Feb’y. 1780. 
 
 Sir,—I herewith transmit you returns of a muster of all the Provin¬ 
 cial Corps in this Province, taken in Nov’r & Dech last; which is the first 
 compleat muster I have been able to obtain since our arrival here, but 
 
 ♦Ridgon Brice was a native of Georgia and a Loyalist. He was at this time 
 Col. Winslow’s deputy muster-master. He went to Europe at the peace and 
 died there in 1796. 
 
60 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1780 
 
 some few of the Corps were frequently mustered, tho’ I made no return 
 to your office of them, thinking I should he able to make a general return 
 before now; but as the movements of the Army during the summer pre¬ 
 vented it, the Siege,* my illness, & the few opportunities of conveyance 
 during the fall & winter, will I hope, induce you to excuse this long delay. 
 And he assured, Sir, that I.will use my utmost endeavours to make them 
 at the regular periods hereafter. I am, Sir, Your much obliged 
 and very H’ble Serv’t, 
 
 Rigdon Brice. 
 
 List of the Returns. 
 
 New York Volunteers. 3d Bat’n New Jersey Volunteers. 
 
 1st Bat’n. B. G. DeLanceys. 2 Bat’n ditto. 
 
 Kings Rangers. So 5 Carolina Royalists.! 
 
 Royal North Carolina Volunteers.! Georgia Loyalists.|| 
 
 2 Troops Lt. Dragoons. 
 
 Jonathan Sewall to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Trinity Street, (Bristol) 7th May, 1780. 
 
 Chip enclosed me several of your letters to him during your depre¬ 
 datory Excursion, so that you have corresponded with me unknown to 
 yourself. I should have wrote you, but Chip, in his Letter after your last 
 [A. D. 1779] advised me of your heroical Expedition, & desired me, as 
 your locality would for some time be uncertain, to direct no more Letters 
 to you till further Advice—this was a necessary precaution, as from thb 
 nature of your Service your Motion must be as eccentric, & your perihelion 
 more uncertain than that of the Comet which we are now looking out for 
 with all the Eyes in our heads; this apologizes for my not writing to you. 
 Your Shandean description of your meeting with your good old Father on 
 Prudence Island, is so pathetic, so sentimental, so feeling, so—so—so 
 exactly as it should be, that I have read it, oftener than I have my Bible, 
 since I rec’d it—I never read it but every fiddle string in my whole Com¬ 
 position vibrates in strict Unison with yours when on Prudence Island— 
 I would have gone as far to be an Eye witness of that Scene of paternal 
 & filial affection, as I would to have seen Yorick’s Meeting with poor 
 Maria at Moulines—“God,” said Maria, “tempers the wind to the shorn 
 Lamb”—so may he do to your venerable Father!—“shorn indeed!”—mais, 
 n’ import. 
 
 *This was the famous siege of Savannah, well described in Judge Jones’ 
 History of New York. 
 
 fThe South Carolina Royalists comprised both infantry and cavalry—raised 
 by Lieut. Col. Innes in 1778. 
 
 JThe Royal North Carolina Volunteers were raised about 1779 and were 
 under command of Lieut. Col. John Hamilton. 
 
 || The Georgia Loyalists were raised early in 1779 and were commanded by 
 Major James Wright. 
 
1780] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 61 
 
 I lament that the Evacuation of E. Island ent you short in your 
 career of Glory—you ask what I think of it—why faith, there is so much 
 to he said, pro & con that I don’t know what to think. As Eonchong said 
 
 about dying, it was a d-d thing to be sure hut then appearances seemed 
 
 to require it; and I don’t know whether Sr. H. Clinton could prudently 
 have gone with so great a force to Carolina without recalling the Troops 
 from E. Island; and if he succeeds against Charlestown, you may retake 
 E. I. when you please—much may he said for the Measure, tho’ on your 
 side of the water, much is said against it. 
 
 I thank you for the short Account of your incursions, you refer me 
 to Gov'r Hutchinson for particulars, when I see him, but I am sorry to 
 say I never expect to see him again in this world—he has lately bury’d 
 his Son Wm. who dy’d of a Consumption, & my friends write me from 
 London that he is going in the same way, very fast, that he is so far gone 
 as to see no body hut his physician & his Children, and that his Daughter 
 Mrs. Oliver is going with the same disorder. Sic transit Gloria Mundi—- 
 as you say. I have wrote Chip in two Letters, & shall triplicately and 
 quadruplicate^,* * desiring him to send me by the return Bristol Ships, a 
 few Newtown pippins, Shagbarks and Cranberrys—do spur him up. You 
 con’t conceive what a regale Newtown pippins, Shagbarks & Cranberrys 
 would be to us Eefugees. I have nothing new to tell you of a public or 
 private nature, we are in hourly Expectation of important News from Sr. 
 H. Clinton—I hope when it comes to see the City of Bristol again bril¬ 
 liantly illuminated, as it was lately for Sr. G. Eodney’s success. Mrs. 
 Sewall, Mr. Sam Sewall, my Sister & my two Boys are all in good health 
 & assure you of their best wishes. 
 
 When you have nothing else to do, if you can find that time, write 
 a monstrous Long letter to 
 
 Your faithful Friend 
 and, whatever else you wish, 
 
 Jon. Sewall. 
 
 Eohert Hallowell t to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bristol, May 9th, 1780. 
 
 Notwithstanding my dear Friend, you had laid a prohibition on my 
 
 *The risk of letters failing to reach their destination was so great, owing 
 to the dangers of the sea and the number of hostile cruisers, that not only 
 duplicates but triplicates, etc., were frequently sent as opportunity offered, by 
 succeeding ships. 
 
 f Robert Hallowell, of Boston, was comptroller of customs at that port. In 
 1768 he ordered John Hancock’s vessel, the “Liberty,” to be seized for smug¬ 
 gling wine and removed under the guns of the Romney ship of war. An affray 
 with the populace ensued, in which Hallowell was severely wounded. In 1778 
 he went to Bristol, England. In 1792 he returned to Boston. He died in Gardi¬ 
 ner, Maine, April 1818, in his 79th year. 
 
62 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1780 
 
 writing, I had determined to break through it even before I got your letter 
 by Capt. Murray which I duly received about ten days ago, and I believe 
 is the only one I have had from you for near twelve months. 
 
 Murray arrived in Ireland some time in January, he tarried there 
 near three months and came to this place on his way to Cowbridge to see 
 his father.* He returned from thence last Tuesday, and Thursday even¬ 
 ing set off for his first visit to London. 
 
 You mentioned having an interview with your father. I am sure 
 it must have made you both exceedingly happy. I wrote him some time 
 ago; when you write him do mention it, and give my most affectionate 
 regards to all your family. I have been in this place eight months; how 
 much longer it will be my residence I cannot tell, for unless our chest is 
 replenished soon I must go into Wales or somewhere else. I got some 
 friends to apply to Colonel Dalrymple and was in hopes I should have 
 been able to have gone to Hew York with him—but he gave me no encour¬ 
 agement, and I can assure you I wanted but very little, to embark. He 
 said he had nothing worth my acceptance, but I believe if I had been in 
 London at the time I should have stood a good chance of going out with 
 him. 
 
 I have inclosed you some letters from Boston, I will be exceedingly 
 obliged to you to forward them by some careful hand. Mrs. H. begs her 
 best Regards, & I am, my Dr. Ned— 
 
 Yours aff’tly, 
 
 Rob’t Hallowell. 
 
 Colonel Edmund Fanning to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Smith Street, 2d Sept. 1780. 
 
 Dear Sir—-It is impossible for me to say how happy I am made by my 
 friend Winslow’s letter to me, and the perusal of the Colonel’s Letter to 
 Gov. Wentworth. His Representation of the discouragements under 
 which His Majesty’s Amer. Corps have been raised, & Have served, merits 
 the Warmest & most lasting Acknowledgements of Gratitude from every 
 person connected with these Corps, as well as from all others who wish 
 well to the Royal Cause & the Glory of the British Nation. 
 
 I am so pleased with the whole Letter, and so deeply interested in 
 seme parts of it, that if I had time I should possess myself of a Copy of it 
 —hut I must not detain it a moment lest the present opportunity of con¬ 
 veyance should be lost. 
 
 Yours, Dear Chip, 
 
 Very sincerely, 
 
 Ward Chipman, Esq. Edm’d Fanning. 
 
 *Colonel John Murray of Rutland, Massachusetts. 
 
1780] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Colonel Edmund Fanning to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York 22d. Septr., 1780. 
 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 Our Chipman made me supremely happy this Morning by delivering 
 me your Letter. I was absolutely bewildered and lost for a Moment under 
 that sudden Revolution of Thoughts, which are known only to the feeling 
 & Grateful Few; how I should most amply enjoy, & fully requite, that 
 Goodness and Friendship which You so eminently possess, & I so happily 
 experience. At first I determined, & so requested Mr. Chipman to inform 
 You, that You should he Lieut. Colo, to the King’s Amer. Regim’t. & that 
 to effect this point' Geo. Campbell* should he aided by me as Lieut. Colonel 
 Commandant in raising a second Batt’n, but I shall more easily succeed, 
 & at the same time more effectually promote the King’s Service and Our 
 Country’s Good by placing You at the Head of this second Child of my 
 Wishes and Ambition; and if You approve, I will not only he unto You 
 as a Captain Plume & a Serjeant Kite, but in my Endeavors to promote 
 your success in raising your Corps, You shall find me capable of the most 
 virtuous & manly Friendship. Think on these Things, & the Lord give 
 you Understanding to chuse that which is right & best. I ever am, most 
 sincerely and unalterably. 
 
 Dear Col. 
 
 Your affectionate humble Servant, 
 
 Edm’d Fanning. 
 
 Joshua Upham to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Dec. 8, 1780. 
 
 Dear Winslow, * * * Should the war terminate at 
 
 this moment and as it ought I shall find it uphill work to extricate myself 
 from pecuniary embarrassment, and before over-taken by old age, to pro¬ 
 cure anything sufficient for the decent education of my children. * 
 * * All military employments are disposing of on this side the 
 
 water to a few of our Friends and to all Rebels who will come & receive 
 them—In God’s name where shall I find myself? * * * 
 
 Suppose we jointly deliberate on this, to us very important business. 
 
 A General DeLancey for New York, a General Skinner for New Jer¬ 
 sey, a General Arnold at large, have and are raising Brigades—& why not 
 a General Ruggles for Massachusetts-Bay &c.; Should this be permitted 
 by the Commander in Chief why may not you & I be the very men to 
 undertake the raising a Battalion each which, with the Dragoons to be 
 
 ♦George Campbell was lieutenant colonel of the King’s American Regiment 
 in January, 1777. 
 
64 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1780 
 
 raised by Ruggles, will compleat the Brigade. In this way all the men of 
 influence within and some Friends without the lines from the East¬ 
 ern Provinces may at the close of the war find themselves on sure ground 
 of provision; you & I shall have it in our power to provide for our Boys 
 &c. * * * 
 
 Let us make application to the Commander in Chief, subscribed by 
 a number of Gentlemen from the Eastern Provinces, requesting that 
 Buggies be permitted to raise a Brigade from that part of the country. 
 This done we will apply for warrants, you for one and myself for the other 
 Battalion, either as Colonels or Lt. Colonels, in which case we shall with 
 the Regiment of Dragoons employ every Gent’n from that country who 
 would wish to be recommended, by which means we shall extend an Influ¬ 
 ence to all parts of that country. We shall by spirited exertions undoubt¬ 
 edly recruit many even in the present situation of affairs. We shall, being 
 properly organized, be in a situation & condition to avail ourselves of 
 every favorable opening while Government are urging their operations to 
 the Eastward as I think they will early in the next spring. 
 
 * * * In this way I communicate my sentiments to you, 
 
 perhaps you will convince me that all my hopes are groundless & merely 
 ideal. I have not hinted my intention either to Ruggles or Murray, I 
 wish them to get fairly on their Legs before their attention is diverted to 
 anything else. I really think my plan if adopted will promote theirs. 
 * * * &c. 
 
 J. Upham. 
 
 Col. Winslow’s Strictures on Sir H. Clinton.* 
 
 It was very soon evident to me that the impediments which were 
 thrown in the way of my friends Murray & IJpham could not fail to check 
 their progress. The stupor which seemed to seize his Excellency & which 
 nothing short of a super-natural event can rouse him from, effectually 
 prevented any military enterprises. The defensive system which he 
 adopted was so complete that there was no possibility of advancing without 
 the lines and it must have been a very active and determined deserter that 
 could get within them. ’Tis unnecessary to observe that a campaign in 
 which all the Grenadiers of the Army are employed in digging, and half 
 the Dragoons foraging on foot among peaceable inhabitants, could not be 
 productive of capital acquisitions. I leave it to IJpham & Murray to give 
 you a detail of the various difficulties which they have encountered & of 
 which I should probably have had my share. From these and other con¬ 
 siderations I have at times rejoiced that my offer was rejected. 
 
 *The letter containing 'these strictures may have been addressed to Sir John 
 Wentworth, but there is nothing in the rough copy flled among the Winslow 
 papers to enable one to determine. 
 
1780] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 65 
 
 The prodigious events which have lately taken place in this country 
 render our conjectures very uncertain. [Winslow had written here the 
 following through which he afterwards put his pen:—“For my own part 
 “ as I never despond, I indulge a hope that I shall yet have a chance of 
 “ seeing a General that’s neither a Rebel or a Histerical Fool at the Head 
 “ of a British Army in America & when that happens I shall have no 
 “ doubt that the war will terminate as every true friend to the constitu¬ 
 tion wishes.”] 
 
 I do not despond hut have yet hopes that every man of spirit in the 
 country will have an opportunity to show it to advantage. You will un¬ 
 doubtedly have the earliest information of what may he intended another 
 year, and it is only for you to point out what your wishes are relative to 
 your matters here. 
 
 I do not relinquish my plan hut will catch at the first fair chance. 
 Murray has persevered thro’ an infinite variety of difficulties & the Corps 
 is, spite of all opposition, respectable & could he he favored with a chance 
 to operate in the Country I have no doubt it would be distinguished. 
 
 I fear Upham will fail. 
 
 Edward Winslow’s Memorial. 
 
 In a memorial to Sir H. Clinton dated at N. Y. Dec. 28, 1780, Wins- 
 law states, “That on the 15th July, 1776, he was appointed Muster Master 
 General of his Majesty’s Provincial Forces with an allowance of 10 shil¬ 
 lings per day and that he at the same time was Secretary to a Board of 
 General Officers of which the Right Hon. Earl Percy was President, for 
 which he received 10 shillings per day. That afterwards Col. T un es was 
 appointed Inspector General of Provincial Forces with 20 shillings per 
 day and the provincial rank of Lieut. Colonel, and that he was assured he 
 would obtain like rank and pay for himself on due application.” He 
 claims that having anticipated a movement of the army towards the pro¬ 
 vince from which he came, and the hone of enjoying Lt. Colonel’s rank 
 and pay in a line of active service, he did not solicit honorary rank. 
 Winslow urges the increase of his pay to 20 shillings on the ground of the 
 great increase in the Provincial Forces and on the principle of justice to 
 himself & to a family once affluent but now reduced through the sacrifice 
 of their possesssions. 
 
 In another memorial to Sir Henry Clinton asking for leave of absence, 
 Winslow mentions that he was formerly Naval Officer for the Port of Ply¬ 
 mouth, and afterwards Collector of Customs for the Port of Boston in 
 New England. He did not succeed in getting his memorial attended to, 
 the Commander in Chief replying, “It can’t he now.” 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1761 
 
 66 
 
 Edward Winslow to Major DeLancey.* 
 
 New York, Jan, 23, 1781. 
 
 Sir,— 
 
 His Excellency the Commander in Chiefs answer to my memorial for 
 leave of absence has been communicated to me by the Deputy Inspector 
 General, nothing short of the consideration that I am thereby reduced to 
 extreme distress could induce me to give you any additional trouble on 
 this subject, but I am so seriously affected by this decision that I flatter 
 myself I should be forgiven for relating the following circumstances. 
 
 That I was among the first who made a voluntary sacrifice of property 
 & enjoyments & joined the British Troops after the commencement of the 
 rebellion, and to the present time I have been constantly employed with 
 the army. When I was appointed Muster-Master-General to the Provin¬ 
 cial Forces there were only two companies raised, and even then I received 
 twenty shillings a day for mustering them and for my other appointments 
 They are now increased to several thousands. All the returns of musters 
 from ihe various posts on this continent are made to my office, and (in 
 addition to the common duty of a muster-master) I am obliged to examine 
 all the subsistence accounts, &e, to certify their concurrence with the 
 Muster Rolls. During the whole of my services in this department I 
 have never received any species of emolument except a bare allowance for 
 my travelling expences, and I beg leave to add that in the execution of my 
 duty I have never in any instance to my knowledge given just cause for 
 complaint or censure. 
 
 I have in the province of Massachusetts an infirm father, upwards of 
 seventy years old, to whom I am indebted for the best education this 
 country could afford, and for innumerable other favors. He has a wife 
 and two daughters with him (my mother & sisters.) This family habitu¬ 
 ated to affluence have now no possible resource from which they can obtain 
 even the necessaries of life without my assistance, and I have hitherto had 
 it in my power, by secluding myself almost from society & practising a 
 system of rigid economy, to save them from burthening government by 
 adding to the number of distress’d supplicants. But by the circumstances 
 mentioned in my first memorial I have been deprived of one half the 
 allowance which I was accustomed to receive and am therebv effectually 
 prevented from performing the necessary duty to my family. 
 
 Since my connection with the British Army I have received some 
 very flattering assurances of friendship from some very respectable per- 
 
 *01iver DeLancey, jr., son of Brig. General DeLancey. He was at this time 
 adjutant general to the commander in chief in succession to Major Andre. He 
 died unmarried in 1820, and was at that time a full general in the British army. 
 
1781] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 67 
 
 sons in England. To avail myself of their offer was my only motive for 
 asking a leave of absence at this time, having no other possible resort to 
 save my friends from wretchedness. * * * 
 
 I should quit the army with reluctance even for a few months. From 
 Lexington engagement to the present time I have omitted no opportunity 
 of serving as a Volunteer when I had it in my power, and I declare that 
 I eagerly anticipate opportunities of exerting myself in the situation 
 prayed for in my memorial in preference to an application in England 
 for civil offices, or the gratuitous bounty of government, which others 
 have obtained whose pretensions were by no means superior to mine, 
 unless they have acquired that superiority by begging instead of earning 
 their bread. 
 
 These facts, so peculiarly interesting to myself & friends must apolo¬ 
 gize for the confidence in your humanity again to represent my situation 
 to the Commander in Chief, satisfy’d that when it is known to his Excel¬ 
 lency he will indulge me in improving the interest of my friends for the 
 purposes mentioned. 
 
 The singular advantage which would attend my going in this Fleet 
 compels me to be thus importunate. I have the honor to be. 
 
 With every sentiment of respect, 
 
 Your most obliged &c, &c, 
 
 . E. Winslow. 
 
 Major Oliver DeLancey, 
 
 Acting Adjutant General. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Governor John Wentworth.* 
 
 [1781] 
 
 The nature of the present war in America is so peculiar, so different 
 from what British armies have been formerly accustomed to, that experi¬ 
 ence acquired in other countries avails very little in this. Veterans who 
 served campaigns in Germany and are perfectly acquainted with man- 
 oeuvering of armies in regular sieges and defences, find themselves novices 
 when engaged against an army like the present, and bold as the assertion 
 may appear I venture to affirm that the British have gained near as much 
 
 Sir John Wentworth, baronet, the last Royal Governor of New Hampshire 
 and surveyor of the King’s woods in North America. Many interesting par- 
 ticulars relating to him will be found in these pages. A pretty full account of 
 ms life is contained in Sabine’s Loyalists of the American Revolution. Other 
 particulars are to be found in Murdoch’s History of Nova Scotia. Sabine savs 
 of him: -In my judgment not one of the public men who clung to the royal 
 cause will go down to posterity with a more enviable fame.” At college he was 
 a classmate and friend of John Adams. Sir John was ever a warm friend of 
 Edward Winslow, whose abilities he greatly admired, and whose welfare he 
 aid his best to promote. 
 
68 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1781 
 
 from their observations of the Provincial and American Troops as the 
 latter have acquired from them. I will only mention one circumstance 
 by way of illustration, which does not in any degree derogate from the 
 honor of the British (God forbid that I should say or write anything that 
 did). When the British Light Infantry began their operations in this 
 country they were almost compact in their movements, regular in their 
 marching and from habit and general instructions they appeared averse 
 to every attempt to screen or cover themselves from danger however im¬ 
 minent. Hence many of them were picked off in all the first skirmishes. 
 It was observed that on all such occasions the enemy placed themselves 
 behind trees and walls, etc., and it was apparently necessary to take them 
 in their own way. In consequence a new word was adopted and the Flank 
 Corps were on subsequent occasions ordered “To Tree”—a word of com¬ 
 mand as well known to them now as any other. 
 
 The theoretical part of military business is not so particularly intricate 
 that a gentleman may not acquire a competent knowledge of it in a short 
 time; much of the necessary knowledge of an officer is not what's gener¬ 
 ally understood by the term professional, and surely an acquaintance with 
 the country in which he operates, with the temper of its inhabitants, their 
 manners, &c., must be an essential qualification. I have the highest idea 
 of the necessity of discipline and subordination myself but I will not sub¬ 
 scribe to the doctrine that it requires a whole life spent in the service to 
 give an officer a just idea of it. Many Provincial officers and very many 
 young officers of the Line are proofs to the contrary. I know that experi¬ 
 ence is necessary to complete a military character, but that only men who 
 have rose thro’ all the gradations of military rank are fit to be trusted 
 with military commands is an idea which I would hope was originally 
 formed in the head of Sir Wm. [Howe] and would never descend farther 
 than to his immediate successor. I would not detract one iota from the 
 respect due to veterans, but in Heaven’s namte when a state is in danger 
 should men of capability, liberal education and extensive knowledge re¬ 
 main unemployed until all the serjeants of the army are provided for? 
 Surely this cannot be prudence or policy. This war has made many good 
 soldiers for the rebels and it has added many good soldiers to the British. 
 The discipline of the Americans is indisputably copied from the British, 
 but the British in turn have in several instances profited by the examples 
 of their enemies. 
 
 A General Burgoyne may contend that a regiment of raw recruits 
 headed by inexperienced leaders cannot carry martial enterprises with 
 success, he however ought to acknowledge that substitutes for discipline 
 and experience were found in the American armies encountered by him, 
 which more than compensated for the want of those qualities. 
 
1781] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 69 
 
 Having long since established in my own mind by this kind of reason¬ 
 ing the propriety and expediency of employing the gentlemen of this 
 country, I readily declared my resolution to engage in the provincial 
 service. Till the present time I have seen no fair opening. The antici¬ 
 pations of impediments in the recruiting business, had it not been for the 
 discouraging partiality shewn to particular regiments, would never have 
 discouraged me, but the necessity of contact with men whose ideas of 
 service were different from my own was the obstacle that weighed most 
 in my mind; for till very lately there have been to all the Provincial regi¬ 
 ments recommendations of officers which were next to positive orders 
 from the Commander in Chief. The present plan of Upham, Murray and 
 myself is calculated to obviate all my objections. The task of recruiting 
 a regiment is certainly arduous but perseverance in it will always ensure 
 success. The progress which Murray has already made is a proof of this 
 assertion, altho’ he has had difficulties enough to encounter. In one in¬ 
 stance a plan as well digested as ever a recruiting officer formed failed 
 merely from the difficulty of obtaining a pass from Head Quarters to bring 
 off the recruits, and 18 men who would have been doing duty as dragoons 
 in the service are now suffering punishment in Simsbury mines.* An¬ 
 other attempt of less consequence has failed in the Jerseys thro* very 
 extraordinary delays—a third is now under consideration and it appears 
 to me is of so much consequence that it must be adopted. There are a 
 sort of men here who with small pretensions affect a knowledge of this 
 country that indulge themselves in very free observations on the nature 
 of the recruiting business. They laugh at the idea of raising a regiment 
 in the present situation of matters. * * * 
 
 We are anxious to exert our utmost endeavors to form a Brigade when 
 we receive your consent to command it. I am sensible that in making 
 this request we raise a proportion of difficulties for you, but I please myself 
 with the consideration that the illiberal observations which may be made 
 on giving the rank of Brigadier General may with equal propriety be let 
 loose on the rank of Lieut. Colonel. * * * I venture to 
 
 assert that were it necessary the signature of almost every man from the 
 Eastern Provinces might be obtained to a request that you should com¬ 
 mand the proposed corps. I am sure it can need no additional motive but 
 the public service to ensure your exertions. I need not increase this 
 already extravagant epistle to convince you of that. I observed to you 
 that I had not as yet obtained a warrant. I am in no hurry, nor have I 
 the least objection to waiting until Murray’s corps is completed and 
 Upham’s respectable. My situation is not exactly the same with theirs. 
 
 *Many staunch Loyalists were imprisoned in the mines at Simsbury in 
 Connecticut. 
 
70 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1781 
 
 Murray’s all depends on the success of this business, and Upham (whose 
 character must he given you by others less partial than myself) has at 
 present little else to depend upon. My own appointment being at thb 
 Head of a Department is a very different one, and although the present 
 emoluments of it have been screwed down to the last peg by the Strainer 
 of Gnats and Swallower of camels who at present commands, I have less 
 to complain of than my neighbors. I have no reason to 1 suppose that I 
 shall fail in my endeavors to secure appointment as Lieut. Colonel only 
 that I have failed in every attempt that I have made since Sir Henry 
 Clinton commanded here. 
 
 It was not till every mark of respect was shewn our first patron and 
 every argument used to induce him to exert his influence that Upham, 
 Murray and myself presumed to solicit for ourselves. To gratify that 
 worthy man [Gen. Timothy Ruggles] and to facilitate a plan which was 
 concerted by General Vaughan and himself, and which was afterwards 
 objected to at Head Quarters, we cheerfully engaged with a party of 
 Refugees from Rhode Island, with whom we every day risqued our repu¬ 
 tation as well as our lives, presuming that the end of our toils would be 
 an appointment to gratify our ambitions by raising the long talked of 
 brigade. Although our successes were much beyond our most sanguine 
 expectations, we found ourselves in the same predicament as before. In 
 short it was evident that the General (Ruggles) had from the unpardon¬ 
 able inattention to him and from other causes contracted such a disgust 
 to present men and measures here, that he could neither negotiate with 
 confidence or serve with alacrity, and there was such a mixture of virtue 
 even with his obstinacy that while we deprecated it as unfortunate for our¬ 
 selves we dared not oppose it. * * * 
 
 Rigdon Brice, Deputy Muster Master in the South, to 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 Charlestown 24 Au., 1781. 
 
 Sir,— 
 
 From the nature of the service in this» Country it has not been in my 
 power to transmit Returns to your office so regularly as I ought to have 
 done. Lord Cornwallis has been pleased to allow me an assistant, which 
 will enable me to perform this duty in future. He is just returned from 
 mustering the Troops in Georgia. 
 
 I have now sent copies of the Muster Rolls & the strength & distribu¬ 
 tion of all the Provincial Forces in this Quarter to the 24 June (except 
 the U. York Volunteers, 3d Batt. H. Jersey Vol’rs & South Carolina 
 Royalists, which have not been mustered since April). The British 
 
1781] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 71 
 
 Legion* met with very considerable loss on the 17th Jan., since which 
 time they have not been mustered & are now in Virginia so that they are 
 not included. 
 
 I am ordered immediately to Wilmington, where are the Royal North 
 Carolina Regt., a new corps called North Carolina Highland Reg’t, t and 
 a new Troop recruiting; returns of which I will send as soon as possible. 
 
 Every necessary of life is so extremely dear that I find it impossible 
 to live upon the pay I have hitherto received, and this obliges me to beg 
 you will he pleased to make some addition to it. Major Prevost has 
 honored me with his leave to request that you will please to write to him 
 on this head, and Col. Innes I am sure will do me the favor to promote it, 
 as I have received only five shillings a day since Col. Campbell left Georgia. 
 
 During my long sicknes in Georgia Mr. Donald Frazer did my busi¬ 
 ness for above six months, as I cannot obtain any pay for him without 
 your order, I beg you will please grant him something for that service. 
 He was very attentive to the business and has suffered much by the Re¬ 
 bellion. 
 
 I have the honor to he, &c. &c., 
 
 Rigdon Brice, D. M’r. M’r. Prov. Forces. 
 
 Mrs. Sheaffe to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Boston 3d Feb’ry, 1781. 
 
 I thank you my dear friend for your kind attention. Capt. Folget 
 called on me by your desire and told me you had lately heard from Hale.fi 
 Why does he not write me? If he knew the pain his omission gives me 
 he would, he must—or he does not deserve the character I hear of him in 
 various ways. I know not what to think; do my friend explain this 
 mystery, it hangs heavy upon my heart. 
 
 *The British Legion was a celebrated Loyalist corps, consisting both of 
 cavalry and infantry. It was organized early in 1778, and during the southern 
 campaign was commanded by Lieut. Col. Banistre Tarleton, a dashing cavalry 
 officer. At the peace in 1783 the corps was sent to Port Matoon, N. S., to be dis¬ 
 banded. Pew, however, remained there. 
 
 f The North Carolina Highlanders were organized by the McDonald clan, 
 who had lately emigrated from Scotland. The husband of the celebrated Flora 
 McDonald was one of their number. The corps saw hard service during the 
 war. 
 
 JThe reference is to her son, Roger Hale Sheaffe. He had the good for¬ 
 tune to attract the attention of Lord Percy (afterwards Duke of Northumber¬ 
 land), by whose assistance he was advanced rapidly in the military line. He 
 became colonel of the 49th Regiment, and took a leading part ij* the war of 
 1812. He was knighted and made a baronet, and became a lieutenant general 
 in the army. A biography of nine pages in Sabine’s American Loyalists tells 
 of his romantic career. See Edward Winslow’s reference to him in this book 
 in a letter written in September, 1810. 
 
72 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [17j$l-2 
 
 I wrote you by Mr. Ludlow; under the same cover was a letter from 
 your sister P[enelope] who is surprised at your mention of not having 
 rec’d a line from her since May last. No my friend no place, time, or 
 circumstance can make her unmindful of you. She is too good a creature 
 to neglect so justly beloved a Brother. I own I was mortified when I 
 found Capt. Folger did not bring me a letter. Have again wrote to Mr. 
 Geyer (which letter beg you to see) about the same matter the rent. I 
 am sure you my dear friend will assist me in getting it all in your power. 
 Gen’l Robinson hired it of me himself in person; indeed I want it, did you 
 know how much, it would pain your feeling heart. 
 
 My family join in kind regards. I am my dear friend, with the 
 sincerest attachment. 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Sus’a Sheaffe. 
 
 Edward Winslow to J. Banister. 
 
 June 9, 1781. 
 
 I desire that neither Mrs. B. nor yourself would suffer the amuse¬ 
 ments or company of England to wean you from your attachments to this 
 country. Remember that nothing can recompense me for the tears I shed 
 —I am not ashamed to recollect them tho’ a soldier—at leaving our once 
 happy town of Boston but the pleasure of attending some of its best in¬ 
 habitants to their old agreeable situations. 
 
 My best regards to Mrs. B., assure her that no vicissitudes can make 
 me forget the many instances of her attention and kindness. 
 
 I have been one whole year soliciting leave from my superiors to visit 
 Great Britain. Perhaps by another year I may obtain it.” 
 
 Capt. Robert Bethel* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 East Battery, Halifax April 20, 1782. 
 
 My dear Friend,— 
 
 Not any circumstance since my memory ever gave me more satisfac¬ 
 tion than the receipt of your, your good father’s and your virtuous and 
 amiable sister’s letters by Major Brace [of the Royal Fencibles.] I can¬ 
 not well express the joy I felt that that good man is at last free from the 
 
 brutish insults of an ignorant set of D-Is where he last resided, and 
 
 that the joy will be still more compleat the moment I hear of the arrival 
 of your dear mother and sister Penelope. Your father’s letter convinces 
 
 ♦Robert Bethel was a captain in the King’s Orange Rangers. He had form¬ 
 erly served as quarter master of the corps, and his promotion was largely owing 
 to Col. Winslow’s efforts. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 73 
 
 1782] 
 
 me he has a great share of the same flow of spirits that used to enliven 
 the little Plymouthian society when you were all happy together. * 
 * * I most sincerely thank you for all your congratulations and 
 
 the trouble you took in my favor and I hope I shall always entertain a 
 lively sense of gratitude to you for the honor of the commission I now 
 bear [as Captain in the King’s Orange Eangers] as you have been the 
 immediate cause of my procuring it. * * * I should have 
 
 been extremely happy to have sent you some Salmon and Lobsters but 
 they are not yet in season. Have been trying to get some potatoes that 
 are good but without success, but I promise you by the first conveyance 
 not to omit any article in my power to send you. 
 
 I am your much obliged & sincere friend, 
 
 Rob. Bethel. 
 
 Rigdon Brice to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Charleston, 25th Jan’y, 1782. 
 
 Sir,—On my return in June from the long march thro’ N. Carolina, 
 I immediately began to prepare Returns of the Provincial forces in this 
 District for your office, and sent them in his Majesty’s Ship the Hope, a 
 copy of my letter is inclosed. I proceded to Wilmington & on my return 
 here in Dec’r, the Hope being lost, we have made up another sett to June, 
 compleat, which I hope may come safe to hand. 
 
 We have mustered all the Corps in this province to 24th Dec’r. I am 
 going immediately to Georgia and on seeing the Regiments there, will 
 transmit returns of the whole to that period. When these returns were 
 closed I was very sick, and desired Mr. Jenkins, my assistant, to write you. 
 
 Absolute necessity obliges me to beg you will be pleased to make some 
 addition to my pay. 
 
 I have the Honor to be Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 and very humble Serv’t, 
 
 Rigdon Brice. 
 
 Joshua Upham to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fort Franklin,* Lloyd’s Keck, 
 
 Dear Winslow,— June 27, 1782. 
 
 The bearers Serg’t Joslin and Serg’t Carr have applied to me for leave 
 to go to you and if you permit to K York. Mr. Chace has recommended 
 
 *Fort Franklin was no doubt named in honor of William Franklin, the last 
 Royal Governor of New Jersey. He was a natural son of Benjamin Franklin. 
 A full biography of him will be found in Sabine’s American Loyalists. Lloyd’s 
 Neck lies west of Huntington, on the north shore of Long Island. Major Joshua 
 Upham commanded the Loyalists here, many of whom supported themselves by 
 cutting wood for the army at New York. Many of the Kingston, N. B. Loyalist 
 settlers were living here at this time. 
 
74 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1782 
 
 them in such a manner as to convince me I am safe in granting their re¬ 
 quest. They will if yon do not indulge them further return immediately 
 to this place, on which condition they go. There are some few Privates 
 lately of the Loyal New Englanders* who suppose yon intended their dis¬ 
 charge, hut do not know whether they are discharged or not; these men 
 wished to be passed from the Neck, to which purpose you will be so good 
 as to send me a list of such names as I may properly permit to leave the 
 Neck. I am in great haste, you will therefore excuse that list of Particu¬ 
 lars which I wish to communicate for your amusement; but as you will, 
 as I hope, in a short time do us the honor to visit this Post in Company 
 with Governor Franklin and Major Murray, I will save my budget for 
 that time. I have the Honor to be Sir, 
 
 Your Friend & humble servant, 
 
 J. Upham. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 [Shortly after the surrender of Lord Cornwallis there appeared an 
 ironical advertisement in the New York Gazette from which the following- 
 extracts are taken.] 
 
 The late surrender of Lord Cornwallis and his Army, must undoubt¬ 
 edly produce the most happy effects to the British Nation by accelerating 
 the determination of the war and promoting the views of the Ministry 
 with respect to America. It will unavoidably interest Foreign Powers in 
 behalf of the English and has taken off a man who was inimical to the 
 Glory of Sir Henry Clinton and perpetually counteracting his manoeuvres. 
 In a word no one can tell or foresee the happy consequences of this im¬ 
 portant event. Nevertheless the subscriber finds it convenient for various 
 reasons to remove to Europe. All persons therefore who have any de¬ 
 mands against or are indebted to him are requested to make a speedy 
 settlement. 
 
 The Subscriber will dispose of his stock in trade by public auction. 
 Compleat catalogues will be given at the Sale. The following are a few 
 of the articles to be disposed of. 
 
 BOOKS. 
 
 The History of the American war, or the glorious exploits of Generals 
 Gage, Howe, Burgoyne, Cornwallis & Clinton. 
 
 The Royal Pocket Companion, being a system of Policy whereby a 
 Prince may in a short time render himself abhorred by his subjects and 
 detested by all good men. 
 
 *The Loyal New Englanders were a small military organization raised and 
 commanded, early in 1777, by Lieuit. Colonel George Wightman. In June, 17S1, 
 the members were distributed amongst the larger corps. 
 
1782] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 75 
 
 The Right of Great Britain to the dominion of the sea, a poetical 
 fiction. 
 
 The state of Great Britain in October 1760 & 1781 compared and 
 contrasted. 
 
 A Geographical, Historical & Political account of the British Posses¬ 
 sions in North America; this valuable work formerly consisted of 13 Vols. 
 in folio but is abridged by a royal hand into a1 single pocket duodecimo, 
 for greater convenience of himself and his subjects. 
 
 PLAYS. 
 
 West Point preserved—or the Plot discovered—Tragi-Comedy. 
 
 Miss MeCrea, a Tragedy. 
 
 The Meschianza,* a Pantomine. 
 
 The Sleeveless errend, or the Commissioners of Peace. 
 
 The Amorous Hero and Contented Cuckold, by GenT Howe.t 
 
 The battle of the kegs—a Farce. 
 
 “Who’d have thought it”—or the introduction of 24 British Stand¬ 
 ards to the Rebel Congress. 
 
 MAPS AND PRINTS. 
 
 An elegant map of the British Empire in America on a very small 
 scale. 
 
 A plan of Cornwallis Route through the Southern Colonies begin¬ 
 ning at Charlestown and terminating at Yorktown in Virginia. 
 
 A very distant prospect of North America. 
 
 View of the battle of Saratoga with Companion piece the Siege of 
 York-Town. 
 
 British representations of the principal operations of the present war, 
 highly colored by eminent hands. 
 
 The Times; a satirical print representing the British Lion as blind 
 in both eyes, thirteen of his teeth drawn, and his claws pared off, with 
 Lord North in the character of a farrier bleeding him in the tail for his 
 recovery. 
 
 PHILOSOPHICAL APPARATUS. 
 
 Magic Lantern, constructed by an able artist under Lord North’s 
 direction, for the entertainment of the good people of England; objects 
 presented carefully selected. 
 
 Multiplying Glasses whereby the number of the enemy may be greatly 
 increased to cover disgrace of defeat or enhance the glory of victory. 
 
 A compleat Electrical apparatus for the use of the King and his 
 
 ♦See Jones’ Loyalist History of New York, vol. 1, pp. 241, 261, 716. 
 fSee Jones’ Loyalist History of New York, vol. 1, p. 351. 
 
76 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1782 
 
 Ministers; this machine should he used with great caution, for as unhappy 
 experience hath shewn, the Operator may unexpectedly receive the shock 
 he intended to give. 
 
 Pocket Glasses for near sighted Politicians. 
 
 PATENT MEDICINES. 
 
 Aurum Potabile. This medicine was formerly deemed a never failing 
 medicine in all cases, but was thought not so well adapted to the American 
 Climate, having been frequently tried without effect; but its reputation 
 is now restored having been administered with great success in the case 
 of General Arnold. 
 
 Vivifying Balsam, excellent for weak nerves, palpitations of the heart, 
 over bashfulness and diffidence: recommended to Army Commanders. 
 
 Sp. Mend.—or the true spirit of lying, extracted by a distillation of 
 some hundreds of the Royal Gazette of New York. Other papers have 
 been tried but experience shows that the paper and ink of the Royal 
 Gazette alone can produce this spirit in true perfection. By administer¬ 
 ing due proportions of this medicine lies may be produced which are to 
 operate for a day, a week, or for months. 
 
 Cordial Drops for low spirits—prepared for the use of the Board of 
 Loyal Refugees at New York. 
 
 Jonathan Sewell,* Sr., to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Bristol [England] April 22, 1782. 
 
 Dear Chip,—Your letters of 28th July & 18 th August have astonished 
 me—you say you have not received a line from me for twelve months, in 
 which time I wrote you I think five. * * * I have been 
 
 told that out of seven or eight ships which sailed from this port, five were 
 captured and one foundered, among these six were I suppose my letters. 
 In one of them I wrote to the two Neddys—Winslow and Tyng, tho 5 the 
 former did not deserve it and the latter but by courtesy. * * * 
 
 You tell me your income is near £500 per annum and yet you lay up 
 nothing—permit my friendship to suggest that at your time of life you 
 ought out of that sum to be laying up something. I know the unbounded 
 generosity of your disposition, but believe me the most generous when at 
 the top of the hill of life do not always look back with complacency and 
 self approbation. Prudent economy is a virtue which takes rank above 
 profuse generosity. Upon looking back on my past life I often lament 
 that I had not a, friend to point my attention to a future period in this 
 world. Not that I repent of the few acts of friendship and humanity 
 which I have to reflect upon, and I think I should have had more and 
 
 *See biographical note under date 30th July, 1776. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 77 
 
 1782 - 3 ] 
 
 yet have been in better circumstances had I retrenched those foolish ex¬ 
 penses in living which benefited no mortal & which had perhaps their 
 origin in emulation and false pride rather than in any virtuous principle. 
 
 * * * Look around us as far as your acquaintance with 
 
 mankind extends and you will find estates have been saved rather than 
 gotten. * * * 
 
 There Chip, I don’t know how you’ll relish my sermonizing, but like 
 it or not, you know it comes from an old friend—perhaps you’ll say an 
 old fool. However you may read it to my friend Ned (Winslow) the first 
 Sunday after you receive it if you meet him. I know he will laugh, but 
 tell him I love him with all my heart and soul, and therefore I wish him 
 to give it his serious and devout attention. I wish you would persuade 
 Ned to write me his opinion upon matters and things, aye—apropos 
 again, tell him I wish he would be more niggardly of his money and less 
 of his letters. 
 
 My two dear sons have both promised to write you by this opportunity 
 but their time is so entirely filled up at their different schools that I 
 question whether they will be able. I have the most pleasing accounts 
 of them from their masters. * * * 
 
 But enough of my boys, it serves to fill up the sheet and indulge 
 parental fondness. 
 
 Write me soon—en attendant, adieu, 
 
 Yours invariably, 
 
 Jon. Sewell. 
 
 EXPLOKATION COMMITTEE. 
 
 Instructions for Messrs. Amos Botsford, Samuel Cummings* and 
 Frederick Hauserf Agents for the Loyalists who purpose to settle in Nova 
 Scotia as well those who go this Autumn [1782] as those who are to follow 
 in the Spring. 
 
 That on their arrival in Nova Scotia they apply themselves to dis¬ 
 cover whether a Tract or Tracts of Land free from all disputed Titles, 
 either with the Indians or former Grantees, can be found sufficient to 
 accommodate the Loyalists and their Families who shall remove thither. 
 
 They will examine the soil, timber, game, limestone, rivers, bays, 
 
 * Samuel Cummings of New Hampshire. He was proscribed and banished 
 in 1778. He came to Annapolis with his wife and two children in company 
 with Amos Botsford, Frederick Hauser and some 500 Loyalists in October, 1782. 
 Some account of the circumstances connected with the voyage and arrival at 
 Annapolis will be found in Miss F. E. Murray's interesting Memoir of Dr. 
 Le Baron Botsford, p. 14. 
 
 fFrederick Hauser was a surveyor, and with Amos Botsford and Samuel 
 Cummings, explored St. Mary’s Bay and the lower part of the St. John River. 
 See biographical note under letter of June 19, 1784. 
 
78 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 creeks, harbors, streams and ponds of water with regard to mills, fishing 
 trade, etc. They will examine the face of the country whether it be hilly, 
 stoney, sandy, clayey, etc. 
 
 They will enquire what lands in the neighbourhood are granted and 
 to whom, whether the grants be forfeited, or whether they may be pur¬ 
 chased and at what rate; and whether advantageous terms may not be 
 made with the present proprietors. 
 
 They will endeavor to ascertain as near as they can what will be the 
 difficulties and obstructions in forming new settlements, and what will 
 be the probable-advantages. 
 
 That they keep a journal of their proceedings and register their ob¬ 
 servations, noting well the distances from the principal settlements already 
 made, and from noted rivers and harbors, as well as the obstructions in 
 travelling and transporting. 
 
 That such lands as may be obtained be distributed and divided among 
 the proposed adventurers in as just and equitable a manner as the nature 
 of the case will admit of; and that they make Reports of their proceedings 
 from time to time as early as may be to the Secretary of the Agency in 
 New York. 
 
 List of Agents for the Settlers in Nova Scotia. 
 
 For Lloyds Neck—Lieut. Col. Thompson, Col. Edward Winslow, 
 Sampson S. Blowers, Rev’d John Sayre, Capt. Moseley, Amos Botsford 
 Esquire. 
 
 Bergin—Rev. Dr. Seabury, Major Thomas Ward, Capt. George Hard¬ 
 ing, Capt. Frederick Hauser, Wm. Harding, Joshua Pell. 
 
 Queens County—Joshua Chandler, Esquire, Samuel Cummings, 
 Esquire. 
 
 The Reverend Dr. Seabury was appointed President and Sampson S. 
 Blowers, Esquire, Secretary. 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Benjamin Marston. 
 
 New York, April 10, 1783. 
 
 Six weeks ago I wrote you, my worthy cousin, but was disappointed 
 in the opportunity I expected to have sent it by; am sorry I did not send 
 it by some other, being sure it would have afforded you pleasure, as it was 
 expressive of the real happiness we then enjoyed. At that time we were 
 favored with a large share. My Father under the care of our very atten¬ 
 tive friend Doctor Bayley recovered his health. We were comfortable 
 settled, blessed with having my brother with us, and constantly surrounded 
 by a pleasing circle of chearful Friends—all entertaining agreeable ex¬ 
 pectations that Spring would open with enlivening prospects. Alas they 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 79 
 
 are now at an end—Sad is the reverse, our fate seems now decreed, and 
 we left to mourn out our days in wretchedness. No other resource for 
 millions hut to submit to the tyranny of exulting enemys or settle a new 
 country. I am one of the number that gladly would embark for Nova 
 Scotia was it either prudent or proper, but I am told it will not do for me 
 at present. What is to become of us, God only can tell. In all our 
 former sufferings we had hope to support us—being deprived of that is too 
 much. 
 
 Was there ever an instance, my dear Cousin, can any history produce 
 one, where such a number of the best of human beings were deserted by 
 the government they have sacrificed their all for? 
 
 The open enemys of Great Britain have gained their point, and more 
 than ever they could have had impudence to have asked for—while their 
 brave, persevering Noble Friends, who have suffered and toiled for years, 
 and whom they were bound by every tie of honour and gratitude to assist, 
 are left without friends, without fortune, without prospect of support but 
 from that Being who has hitherto supported us, and upon whom we must 
 rely for further protection. This “peace” brings none to my heart, my 
 Brother, my darling Edward, who I wish never again to be separated 
 from, is now hasting away—may he meet you upon his arrival in Halifax. 
 You my cousin I hope will be much with him. He has a most tender 
 affection for you. As his employ will lead him to various parts, you prob¬ 
 ably will have more frequent opportunity of writing to us here than he 
 will. * * * Do my friend, as you value the peace of this 
 
 family, caution him to take care of himself. He has been very well, but 
 I am fearfull his fatigue now will injure him. The happiness he has 
 afforded us is beyond my pen to tell you. Since my Father’s recovery I 
 have had no alloy to my felicity except my Mother’s absence. Poor Lady 
 she will now come jest as her son is gone. Here it’s thought best for us 
 to continue for some months—or until it is known what better we can do. 
 Severe are the struggles I must now have with myself. We are parting 
 with numbers who have formed a most delighted society, and when they 
 have all taken their departure, new scenes will there be to hurt my feel¬ 
 ings every hour. My Sister, happy girl, is entirely reconciled to staying; 
 if she cannot enjoy one set is determined to another, my sensibility is too 
 great for it. I wish to retire entirely to my own family and endeavor to 
 remain unmolested. My Brother is now' seeking a house for us out of the 
 City, he has great consolation in leaving us in charge of so good a man as 
 Doctor Bayley.* It is out of my power, my Cousin, to do justice to the 
 
 *Richard Bayley of New York was an eminent physician. He was born 
 in Connecticut in 1745, and studied in London, England. In 1776 he was a 
 surgeon in the army, but retired shortly afterwards to private life. His wife 
 to whom he was devotedly attached, died in 1777. He occupied the chairs of 
 anatomy and surgery in Columbia College, and was a leading writer in medical 
 publications. 
 
80 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 benevolence & kindness of this gentleman. From onr first landing here 
 to this hour he has been the most attentive and extraordinary friend that 
 perhaps a family ever met with. Under his care my Father now enjoys 
 better health than he has done for ten years. His study is not only to 
 relieve our “pains” but to make us happy. 
 
 This scrawl will make you a partaker of our sufferings; but it will 
 also I hope make you keep in remembrance that it is in your power to 
 alleviate them by writing a line by every conveyance. You are a Chris¬ 
 tian and Phylosopher, teach me so to be. 
 
 My Father, Brother and Sister joyn in love to you. Do remember 
 me kindly to Mr. and Mrs. Deblois and Polly Little when you see them. 
 Adieu. Happiness attend you, will ever pray 
 
 Your affectionate cousin g 
 
 George Leonard to Major DeLaneey, Adjt. Gen’l. 
 
 Brooklyn, April 15, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,— 
 
 The enormous expense I am of necessity put to in removing my 
 family to Nova Scotia, the asylum pointed out for the King’s friends, 
 compels me to request his Excellency the Commander in Chief to grant 
 me 6 months advance of my annual allowance. I am dear Sir, 
 
 Yours sincerely. 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 P. S. My family goes on board Thursday next consisting of 15 in¬ 
 cluding servants. , 
 
 Lt. Col. J. H. Cruger to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York April 18th, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—The officers & soldiers of GenT De Lancey’s 1st Batt. request 
 you will be pleased to undertake to locate for them a Tract of Land in 
 Nova Scotia agreeably to the annexed Return. 
 
 In full confidence Sir of your friendship they trust to your care, 
 attention & good judgment to procure their Grant of land in the most 
 eligible and advantageous situation, paying strict regard to the quality; 
 and in their behalf I thank you for that friendly service on which their 
 future happiness so much depends. 
 
 I am Sir 
 
 Y’r obed’t humble Serv’t 
 
 J. H. Cruger. 
 
 A Return of the Officers and Soldiers of Brig’r General De Lancey’s 
 1st Batt’n who mean to accept of his Majesty’s bounty in Nova Scotia, 14th 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 81 
 
 April, 1783. 1 Lt. Colonel, 1 Major, 8 Captains, 9 Lients, 6 Ensigns, 
 1 Chaplain, 1 Adjt, 1 Quarter Master, 1 Surgeon, 20 Sergeants, 12 Cor¬ 
 porals, 5 Drummers, 115 Privates, 36 Women, 70 Children. [Total 287.] 
 
 CIRCULAR. 
 
 New York, April, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—A number of the commanding officers of the Provincial Forces 
 now in New York having thought it expedient that Agents should be sent 
 forward to Nova Scotia as soon as possible for the purpose of soliciting & 
 securing grants of land for the Provincial Corps, and Lieut. Col. Allen, 2d 
 New Jersey Vols.; Major Millidge,* 1st New Jersey Vols.; & Mr. Winslow, 
 Muster Master General having been proposed for that service, they beg 
 leave to know if the measure is approved of by the Corps under your com¬ 
 mand and if the Persons named meet your approbation. 
 
 I am to request you will favor me with your answer immediately as 
 no time is to be lost. 
 
 We have the Honor to be Sir, 
 
 Your most ob’t humble servants, 
 
 Bev. Robinson, Col. L. A. Regt. 
 
 J. H. Cruger, Lt. Col. 1st Batt. DeLancey’s Br. 
 
 Officer commanding 
 Kings American Dragoons. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Annapolis Royalt 15th May, 1783. 
 
 My dear Chip—St. Paul in all his travels never experienced one 
 hundredth part of the difficulties which I’ve encountered since I left you. 
 I am notwithstanding in perfect health and in high spirits, nor shall any 
 rascally vicissitudes which happen in this blackguard world lower ’em. 
 When I arrived here those unfortunate little ones that God had been 
 
 *Major Thomas Millidge. His commission in the New Jersey Volunteers is 
 dated December 11, 1776. Prior to the Revolution he was surveyor general of 
 New Jersey. At the time of the international boundary arbitration he made a 
 survey of the River St. Croix (A. D. 1797). He settled at Granville, Annapolis 
 Co., N. S., where he died in 1816, aged 81 years. His son Thomas lived at St. 
 John, N. B. 
 
 fThe exact date of Edward Winslow’s arrival with his family at Annapolis 
 is uncertain, but it was about the 20th April, 1783; possibly a few days earlier. 
 See the date In Jacob Troop’s receipt for rent under date 23rd May, 1785, in this 
 book. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 so civil as to consign to my care were all sick with, the measles—I hope 1 
 have convinced Him that he could not have put them in better hands. 
 There was not a place to put their heads in—Col. Small* upon hearing 
 that I had embarked for this place and knowing the difficulty of obtaining 
 quarters) had sent an express from Halifax and had procured two rooms 
 for me, but it was in a family where I could not mix; I therefore instantly 
 hired a place on the other side the river for £17 currency a year—-a very 
 tolerable farm with a house almost as large as my log house, divided into 
 two rooms,! where we are snug as pokers.—Peter Eyerson will give you a 
 description of the whole business. He returns to [New] York to settle 
 his own affairs. I’ve told him to apply to you and if you do anything for 
 him give me an order for the fees as I have had a number of things of him. 
 He has been very useful to us. What shall 1 say to you my friend—When 
 I recollect the enormous obligations which I am under to Tom Coffin and 
 yourself I am overwhelm’d—they make me cry By Heaven. 
 
 When I arrive at Halifax I shall write you very particularly, at pre¬ 
 sent I have no time. Adieu my dear Chip and Coffin, may God Almighty 
 prosper you more than he has done. 
 
 Your most grateful & affect. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Thomas A. Coffin and Ward Chipman. 
 
 [First part missing; written probably in May, 1783]. 
 
 * * * I intended to write to you Tom Coffin particularly 
 
 but I really am unable to the task. I however must tell somebody that 
 the Capt. of the ship Peggy! is the most extraordinary character in the 
 world—’tis impossible to give an idea of his attention, uncommon gener¬ 
 osity and kindness to the unfortunate who came with us. Tell this to 
 Mr. Watson, because he loves to hear of benevolent actions. 
 
 *The reference is to Col. John Small commanding- the Young Royal High¬ 
 land Emigrants, or 84th regiment, then in garrison at Halifax. He is frequently 
 mentioned in Murdoch’s History of Nova Sco'tia. Some account of the corps 
 will be found in Patterson’s History of Pictou, N. S., pp. 120-122. Colonel Small 
 was appointed lieutenant governor and commander in chief of the Island of 
 Guernsey in 1793. See this book under date Jan. 2, 1794. 
 
 fThe house was enlarged and improved by Colonel Winslow; he gives a 
 humorous description of it under date 29th April, 1785, in this book. It was 
 situated in Granville, directly opposite Annapolis. 
 
 x Captain Jacob Wilson. See letter under date 7th July, 1783, in this book. 
 The ship Peggy evidently brought a number of distressed Loyalists to Annap¬ 
 olis. Brook Watson, as commissary at New York, received the applications of 
 those desirous of going to Nova Scotia and made arrangements for provision¬ 
 ing them on the voyage and after their arrival. In a letter to Rev. Dr. Brown, 
 written in July, 1791, Watson observes: “In 1783, as commissary general to the 
 army serving in North America, it became my duty, under the command of Sit- 
 Guy Carleton, now Lord Dorchester, to embark 35,000 Loyalists at New York 
 to take shelter in Nova Scotia.” 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 83 
 
 [To] Chip again;—If Ryerson* returns to this place do contrive to 
 send by him a little brown sugar, molasses & Indigo, which I cannot buy 
 here at any rate. Pop, who has had a terrible time of it and has dis¬ 
 covered more fortitude than ever any women possessed, begs to be re¬ 
 membered to you both. Tell Mr. Townsend that if he’ll send me his seine 
 he’ll make my fortune & I’ll pay for it in fish & cranberries. To him, 
 Chew, Brinley, the Coffins and everybody else say all that’s affectionate. 
 Should Ryerson be puzzled about the settlement of his affairs speak to 
 Upham for him. Do Chip, if anything is to be issued from the public 
 stores—such as tools, blankets, or any other kind of thing, receive ’em for 
 me & send ’em here. We are monstrous poor. I have not a spade, hoe, 
 axe or any article of any kind. I’ve borrowed for the present. A waggon 
 would be of immense consequence. Gilfillan offered one to Col. De- 
 Lancey* and he omitted bringing it. Blankets are so dear that I can’t 
 think of purchasing & we are badly off. If I’d a boat I would not envy 
 the Great Mogul. I live directly opposite the town of Annapolis. The 
 river not half a mile wide & the ferriage is 8 pence; I can’t afford it. I 
 won’t bore you. If anything can be got I’m sure you’ll send it. * * 
 
 Joshua Loring | to Col. E. Winslow. 
 
 London, Chidley Court, Pall Mall, 
 
 29th May, 1783. 
 
 Dear Winslow—I take the chance of this meeting you in New York 
 to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 16th March. I most sincerely 
 participate in your anxiety for the fate of the Loyalists going to Nova 
 Scotia, of which number you think of making one. I well know your 
 enterprising spirit and ability to effect anything you undertake, but I 
 wish your views had in the first instance been directed to the fountain 
 head, for I fear in that remote part merit will be lost; I should therefore 
 
 *Probably Peter Ryerson is here meant. He is mentioned in Winslow’s let¬ 
 ter to Ward Chipman under date 15th May, 1783, in this book. I find, however, 
 in the muster roll of DeLancey’s 3rd battalion of August 24, 1783, that one Mar¬ 
 tin Ryerson, of Capt. Allison’s company, is marked as being “With Colonel 
 Winslow in Nova Scotia.”—W. O. R. 
 
 f Joshua Loring of Boston. He was born in 1737; bred a merchant, married 
 a Miss Lloyd, a very handsome woman, but very gay and reckless. A British 
 officer stated that she lost 300 guineas at cards at a single sitting. Her name 
 is unpleasantly associated with that of Sir William Howe. See Jones’ Loyalist 
 History of New York. On the evacuation of Boston, Joshua Loring accom¬ 
 panied the army to Halifax and thence to New York. He was appointed com¬ 
 missary of prisoners by Sir William Howe, and is believed to have been humane, 
 in the transaction of his office, although some American writers have asserted 
 the contrary. He was a friend of Edward Winslow and of Sir John Went¬ 
 worth. He had by his wife two sons, John Wentworth and Henry Lloyd Loring. 
 The latter was a Church of England clergyman, who became Archdeacon of 
 Calcutta. Joshua Loring died in England in 1789. 
 
84 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 recommend a personal application here in preference to that retirement. 
 Yon have pretentions and yon have Friends, bnt they will not stir without 
 being pushed on; of this number I can assure you Sir Wm. Howe is one, 
 and asked me after you the first moment I saw him, but with the present 
 ministry he has not interest to do the most trifling thing on earth for any 
 friend, but on the contrary I expect every hour to hear of his losing his 
 own appointment as Lt. Gen’l of the Ordnance. I have conferred with 
 McKenzie & Balfour* & they both think with me that you should come 
 as early as possible; they are as much as ever your friends, & altho’ pos¬ 
 sessed of no great interest, yet they mav assist you with their advice. 
 Gen’l Gage has no interest, altho 7 Lord Percy has, and I think that you 
 will hear ere long of his having some appointment in the administration 
 and I am well informed by a gentleman, who dined with him a few days 
 ago, that he mentioned you in handsome terms, therefore I think the 
 sooner you could attend the better. Surely you can get a passage on 
 board some Man of War or Transport without any expense, and if I dare 
 recommend, it would he to come disincumbered. Chipman I know to he 
 your warm friend & I think would take care of your family till you could 
 see what was likely to be done for you, hut of this and every other matter 
 you must be the best judge, I can only offer my opinion, having no in¬ 
 terest whatever and I fear little prospect of getting half pay. However 
 there is a prospect of some Compensation being made to the Loyalists, 
 which at present is my only hope. Give my best regards to Chipman & 
 any other friends with you, being with real regard. 
 
 Your faithful & affectionate friend, 
 
 Jos’a Loring. 
 
 P. S. By all means keep well with Watson f & Sir Guy Carleton and 
 get their recommendations which will be of the greatest consequence to 
 you, & if you can think of any appointment at Nova Scotia, get appointed 
 by Sir Guy Carleton & recommended for it here, which I have not the 
 least doubt would be immediately confirmed. 
 
 ♦Major McKenzie was deputy adjutant general of the forces. Captain Wil¬ 
 liam Balfour held a commission in the 51st regiment; he afterwards rose to the 
 rank of major general, and in 1811 was administrator of the government of New 
 Brunswick. 
 
 fBrook Watson, whose romantic career is well known, was born at Ply¬ 
 mouth, in England, in 1735. His parents died when he was not more than ten 
 years of age, and he was sent out to Boston to a Mr. Levens. He was sent to 
 sea and at Savannah had a leg bitten off by a shark while bathing in the har¬ 
 bor. In 1750 he came to Cumberland County, N. S., where he was employed in 
 military service under Col. John Winslow. During the Revolutionary war he 
 was commissary at New York (1781-1783). At the peace he retired to England, 
 where he was, not long afterwards, elected to parliament as a member for 
 Poole. He was knighted and became lord mayor of London. He was a warm 
 friend of the elder Edward Winslow and of his family. For further account of 
 Brook Watson see New Brunswick Magazine for August, 1898, p. 96. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PALE 118. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ben. Marston.* 
 
 Halifax 30th May, 1783. 
 
 Dear Marston—I was really distress'd at not finding yon here on my 
 arrival, having a monstrous deal to say to yon. 
 
 The Governor, by whom this letter will be delivered—has (from some 
 cause or other) been pleased to honor me with very particular marks of 
 attention. He appears to he particularly anxious to contribute everything 
 in his power to the assistance of the settlers of Port Boseway. t & he seems 
 to regret that there is not a sufficient proportion of men of education & 
 abilities among the present adventurers. It was his request that I would 
 point out some man on whom he could confide for information & who 
 would candidly & ingenuously communicate such circumstances as were 
 important. I did not hesitate a moment at making the inclos’d memo¬ 
 randa. 
 
 Now my dear friend I know how you hate all mere matters of cere¬ 
 mony—so do I—but ’tis my maxim that when I can serve my country or 
 my friends to make little sacrifices of my own feelings. 
 
 When the Governor arrives wait on him—offer your services—tell 
 him everything which ’tis necessary for him to know—ask anything for 
 yourself that you may want, &e. &c &c. He is certainly a most frank, 
 honest, worthy man. 
 
 Pardon me Marston for presuming to dictate in any instance to you 
 —In this haste I can’t say enough. The Gov’r will tell you what our 
 plan of operations is. 
 
 Most sincerely & cordially. 
 
 Yours. Ed. Winslow. 
 
 [Inclosed Memoranda.] Mr. Winslow presents his most respectful 
 compliments to His Excellency Governor Parr, and begs leave to recom¬ 
 mend to his notice Benj. Marston, Esq., (now residing at Port Koseway.) 
 
 Mr. Marston is a gentleman of liberal education, was formerly an 
 eminent merchant at Marblehead in the province of Massachusetts Bay, 
 and was employed in various public offices there. 
 
 He was distinguished as a magistrate for his zealous & spirited exer¬ 
 tions, and always supported the character of a man of integrity. 
 
 ^Benjamin Marston was a merchant and leading magistrate at Marble¬ 
 head. He was a cousin of Edward Winslow, and is frequently mentioned in 
 these pages. Full particulars of his chequered and adventurous career are 
 contained in the paper read by the writer of these notes before the Nova Scotia 
 Historical Society, shortly to be printed. See also under date May 13th, 1794, 
 and elsewhere in this book. 
 
 fPort Roseway was the old name of Shelburne, N. S. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 Ward Chipman to Hodgson, & Co. 
 
 New York, 31st May, 1783. 
 
 Gentlemen,— * * * 
 
 It is now thought to he impossible to evacuate this place sooner than 
 the latter end of September. I shall remain till the last embarkation, 
 when I shall probably sail for England unless there is a great change in 
 the temper and conduct of the Americans who are at present very violent 
 & threaten proscription & exile to every man who has adhered to the 
 King’s cause. In the mean time you may rest assured of every attention 
 in my power to your interest and that I am, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 & faithful humble servant* 
 
 Ward Chipman. 
 
 Lt. Col. Isaac Allen* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Dr. Sir,—George Black a free man his wife & two children came with 
 me to this place: he has long been free and was one of the brave fellows 
 who served under the gallant Col. Tye; I think he deserves Provision as 
 well as other Refugees. If you should be of the same opinion pray be so 
 good as to say a word for him. I am now obliged to write surrounded by 
 my work people. I wish much to see our friend Murray I fear they will all 
 starve before Spring; my people consume two rations a day—for Heaven’s 
 sake think of that matter & endeavor to prevent so great a calamity. 
 There should be something done to assist those who are not able to pur¬ 
 chase—You may depend upon it that the soldiers Rations will not do 
 where a man can procure no assistance from Labor or Plundering. 
 
 Yours, 
 
 I. Allen. 
 
 [The above is endorsed in Winslow’s hand writing, “Col. Allen, June 
 1783”—It was tiled along with other letters and endorsed “Private letters 
 from June 1st to Dec. 31st, 1783.”] 
 
 Lt. Col. Benjamin Thompson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Pall Mall Court, 6th June, 1783. 
 
 My dear Winslow—I have this moment received your letter of the 
 27th April. Be sure my good friend I will not forget you. I shall deliver 
 
 ♦Lieut. Colonel Isaac Allen of Pennsylvania commanded the third battalion 
 of the New Jersey Volunteers. He served with much credit during the war, 
 and came to St. John in 1783 as one of the agents for settling the Loyalist regi¬ 
 ments on the St. John river. He himself at first settled at Wilmo't, N. S., but 
 afterwards removed to Kingsclear, above Fredericton, where many of his regi¬ 
 ment also settled. He was appointed in the year 1784 one of the first judges of 
 the supreme court of New Brunswick. The late Sir John C. Allen, chief justice 
 of the province, was his grandson. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 87 
 
 your memorial to Gen. Conway* and have no doubt but it will be attend¬ 
 ed to. It is the general opinion that all the Provincial officers will get 
 half-pay. The matter is to he moved in the House of Commons next week 
 and Ministers will support the measure, General Conway I hear is to take 
 the lead—He is perfectly disposed to serve us. The Loyalists residing in 
 this Country have presented a petition to Parliament wherein the Provin¬ 
 cials! are mentioned—I thought the Provincials had better stand upon 
 their own bottom and accordingly waited upon Lord North and requested 
 that our memorial, recommended by Sir Guy Carleton, might be taken 
 into consideration before the Petition of the Loyalists should be brought 
 forward or at least at the same time. 
 
 9th June. I have made out copies of yours and Chipman’s memorials 
 and addressed them to Lord North, which I shall deliver tomorrow—■ 
 This will not prevent my delivering the originals to Gen’l Conway the 
 moment he comes to Town which will he Thursday next—this is Mon¬ 
 day. I have no doubt but we shall get half-pay and Permanent Rank 
 for all the Provincial Officers and it is impossible hut you must be included 
 with your Deputies. Your friends here wish you would take a trip to 
 England. I had a long conversation with Balfour about you and he is 
 fully of that opinion. Lord Percy is your friend, he has great influence 
 with ministers and if you were on the spot I am confident he would push 
 you into some comfortable office either civil or military. They talk of new 
 arrangements respecting Nova Scotia. I wish you were here to take ad¬ 
 vantage of any favorable circumstance that may turn up. It shall cost 
 you nothing for a Lodging; half of mine is perfectly at your service, and 
 it is the pleasantest and best situated in London, f My servant shall 
 attend you and we can contrive to live for a little money. Adieu, I begin 
 a new Letter for reasons y.ou will divine. 
 
 Yours, &c, &c, 
 
 _ B. Thompson. 
 
 ^General Henry S. Conway, at this time the secretary of state. 
 
 fThe term “Provincials” is synonymous with “British American Regi¬ 
 ments” or “Loyalist Troops.” 
 
 £ Edward Winslow’s devotion to the welfare of the Loyalists led him to re¬ 
 main at this time in Nova Scotia, where he materially assisted in their settle¬ 
 ment. It can hardly be doubted that had he gone to England he would with 
 his natural address and capacity to please, aided by the assistance of influential 
 friends, have secured some appointment by which he would have been spared 
 many of his subsequent difficulties. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 Col. Benjamin Thompson* to Lord North. 
 
 Pall Mall Court 8th June, 1783. 
 
 My Lord,—Having assisted in drawing up the Representation and 
 Petition of the Commanding Officers of His Majesty’s Provincial Regi¬ 
 ments in North America, and having been desired by them to solicit for 
 them in this Country that the Prayer of their Petition he granted, I take 
 the liberty of troubling your Lordship upon that Subject. 
 
 The situations of the Provincial Officers, particularly such of them 
 as are Natives, or were formerly Inhabitants of the American Colonies, is 
 truly distressing. Having sacrificed their Property, and all their expec¬ 
 tations from their Rank and Connections in civil Society; and being cut 
 off from all hope of returning to their former homes, by the Articles of 
 the Peace; they have no hope left but in the justice and humanity of the 
 British Nation. 
 
 I will not trouble your Lordship with an account either of their ser¬ 
 vices or sufferings; their merit as well as their misfortunes are known to 
 the whole world; and I believe their claim upon the humanity, and upon 
 the justice of this Country will not be disputed. 
 
 They have stated their situation in a strong, but at the same time in 
 a most respectful manner in their Representation, which I am informed 
 has been transmitted to His Majesty’s Secretary of State by Sir Guy 
 Carleton, and strongly recommended. 
 
 As they are extremely anxious to know their fate, I am to request of 
 Your Lordship, that I may be informed whether any, and what resolu¬ 
 tions have been taken relative to their Petition, and whether their Claims 
 of permanent Rank in America, and half-pay upon the reduction of their 
 Regiments, will meet with the countenance and support of His Majesty’s 
 Ministers. 
 
 I know Your Lordship will excuse the liberty I take in troubling You 
 upon this occasion, particularly as you will see by the inclosed Extract of 
 a Letter I have just received from New York, how anxious the Provincial 
 Officers are, and how much they expect that I should exert mvself in their 
 behalf. 
 
 If Your Lordship should wish for any further information respecting 
 
 ♦The romantic career of SirBenjamin Thompson is well known, and frequent 
 references to him will be found in the pages that follow. He was born in 
 Massachusetts in 1753, went to England during the war and became a protege 
 of Lord George Germaine. He returned to New York early in 1781 and raised 
 a regiment known as the King’s American Dragoons, of which he was gazetted 
 colonel and in which many Massachusetts men held commissions. At the close 
 of the war he was knighted. He became a favorite with the Duke of Bavaria, 
 who bestowed on him high rank and the title of Count Rumford. He became 
 one of the leading European scientists, and at his death bequeathed a handsome 
 sum to Harvard College, where a professorship now bears his name. See re¬ 
 ferences to him in this book under date 17th May, 1800. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 89 
 
 the Provincial Troops, I will do myself the honor of attending You at any 
 time you may appoint. 
 
 Inclosed I have the honor to transmit to your Lordshie two Mem¬ 
 orials, one from the Muster-Master-General of His Majesty’s Provincial 
 Forces in North America, the other from his Deputy. I know them both 
 to he very deserving of the favor and protection of Government—The 
 former, Colonel Winslow, signed the general Representation in behalf of 
 the Provincial Line, and of course was included in Sir Guy Carleton’s re¬ 
 commendation. As his is a military Appointment by Commission from 
 the Commander in Chief in America, as well as that of the Inspector 
 General of the Provincial Forces, I should suppose they would both be 
 included, with their Deputies, should half-pay he given to the Provincial 
 Officers in general. 
 
 I have the honor to he with the greatest Respect My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordships most obedient and most humble Servant 
 
 B. Thompson, Lt. Col. 
 
 Commandant King’s A. Drag’s. 
 
 The Right Honorable Lord North, 
 
 One of His Majesty’s Principal 
 Secretarys of State &c, &c, &c. 
 
 Lt. Col. B. Thompson to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Pall Mall Court, 9th June, 1783. 
 
 My dear Chip—I have received your letter and shall attend to your 
 wishes. I shall deliver your memorial with my own hands to General 
 Conway and I have made out a copy of it addressed to Lord North which 
 I mean to present to his Lordship this day. I have done the same with 
 Winslow’s. I have no doubt of your success. Indeed it is my firm belief 
 that all the Provincial officers will get half-pay and of course you among 
 the rest. I have wrote a letter to Lord North upon this subject, a copy of 
 which I inclose, you may make any use of it amongst the Provincial Offi¬ 
 cers you may think proper—If they could write to me frequently & in 
 strong language upon the subject I could and would make a very good 
 use of their letters—I will not he idle nor rest satisfied so long as my 
 services can he of any use to my deserving Countrymen. My own Regi¬ 
 mental affairs were settled by the late Administration. We are upon the 
 American Establishment.* 
 
 * Meaning that his regiment, the King’s American Dragoons, had been gazet¬ 
 ted for half pay. 
 
30 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 Make my best compliments to Colonels Ludlow, Robinson, Cruger*— 
 if he is at New York, and to all my old friends. Believe me ever my 
 dear Chip— 
 
 Most sincerely and most affectionately yours, 
 
 B. Thompson. 
 
 Edward Winslow, Sr., to Edward Winslow, Jun. 
 
 Bowery, 20th June, 1783. 
 
 My dear Son,—The Commissary General* called upon me last even¬ 
 ing and informed me a vessel would sail this day for St. John’s. He also 
 tells me you wrote to him in good health and spirits which affords me great 
 pleasure. This is my third letter since you left us—the other two were 
 sent to Halifax to care of Dr. Prince; I have two from you, leaving one 
 due to me which I hope you will pay very soon. Our family are in the 
 enjoyment of health and much happier at the Bowery than at the City. 
 I have a very good garden, quantities of best of cherries—your cow gives 
 us plenty of milk. Your horse very good in a carriage but very wicked out 
 of it. Your chair answers all the purposes of visiting the City in, the 
 chairs you left were never in my possession, Capt. Fred Phillips having 
 delivered them to a man whose name I have forgotten and who he said 
 had a right to them. 
 
 I hope this will find you at St. John’s. The violence and malice of 
 the Rebel Government against the Loyalists render it impossible ever to 
 think of joining them again. 
 
 I hope it will be in your power to provide for us some place where 
 we may enjoy the society of a few friends. I expect your mother next 
 week with Hester and Daphne, + she will come via Rhode Island attended 
 by Capt. Horsfield & Lady. We have a round of aftemon and evening 
 visitors, I seldom go to the city. The Commander in Chief and Commis¬ 
 sary General are now neighbors—the first where Governor Robinson lived 
 and the latter where Major Coffin lived last summer. They frequently 
 pall and never fail to speak in your praise. Old friends are leaving us. 
 Judge Ludlow sailed for Great Britain yesterday. I am told Col. Robin¬ 
 son and Col. Ludlow are soon to follow. May Heaven bless prosper & 
 preserve my Son is the Prayer of your Father, 
 
 __ Ed’wd Winslow. 
 
 *The officers here named are Col. Gabriel G. Ludlow, commanding the 3rd 
 battalion of DeLancey’s brigade; Colonel Beverly Robinson, of the Loyal Am¬ 
 erican Regiment; and Lieut. Colonel John Harris Cruger, of the 1st battalion 
 of DeLancey’s brigade, 
 f Brook Watson. 
 
 X Colonel Winslow’s mother seems to have remained in Massachusetts for a 
 little while, or to have been there at this time. No doubt Hester and Daphne 
 were black servants in the family. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 91 
 
 James Cruden to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, June 23rd, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Permit me to introduce to your acquaintance mv friend 
 Mr. George McCree, who will adorn the number of those who from prin¬ 
 ciples of virtuous Loyalty fly from a set of miscreants—who have substi¬ 
 tuted anarchy and misrule in the place of good Government. 
 
 As your influence is extensive (as it of right ought) you may he of 
 service to the Bearer. He is by profession a Merchant, and in as much as 
 your goodness shall induce you to forward His viewsj,»'will much oblige 
 me. Hoping soon to see you in England I shall only add, God bless you, 
 and beg that you will allow me ever to remain—with exalted esteem and 
 perfect respect. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your very obedient 
 
 and faithful servant, 
 
 J. A. Cruden. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, 25th June, 1783. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—We have perhaps done wrong hut your friend Judge 
 Ludlow & myself have committed you in a very important instance. 
 To prevent any suspense I will in a few words tell you that B. Gen’l Fox* 
 is to he Commander in Chief at Halifax which is now become a post of 
 the first consequence in the military line, and you are engaged as Secre¬ 
 tary to the command. Ludlow, both indeed the Judge and Colonel,! pro¬ 
 posed the matter to Me—not thinking your engagements would admit of 
 your accepting it; it appeared to me an object sufficient to induce me to 
 relinquish all my present pursuits, and I was advised & determined to 
 accept it and could I have managed the matter without resigning my 
 appointment as Deputy Muster Master I certainly should have gone—But 
 Mr. Watson told me he was satisfied the Gen’l would not appoint any one 
 here to do the duty but upon my resignation. Mr. Finucane, J the former 
 Secretary, petitioned the Com. in Chief for a continuance, but could not 
 obtain it as Sir Guy left the choice altogether with Gen. Fox; applications 
 
 *Brigadier General Henry E. Fox was a brother of the well known states¬ 
 man, Charles James Fox. He was a warm personal friend of Edward Winslow. 
 
 fThe reference is to George Duncan Ludlow and his brother Colonel Gabriel 
 G. Ludlow. The former became the first chief justice of New Brunswick, the 
 latter was first mayor of the city of St. John, and for many years administrator 
 of the government while Lieut. Gov. Carleton was absent in England. See 
 Lawrence’s Foot Prints at pp. 10-12 and 100. 
 
 J Andrew Finucane, a brother of Chief Justice Bryan Finucane, of Halifax, 
 N. S. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 n 
 
 & solicitations from officers in the army were making to Fox from all 
 quarters. I requested the Judge to mention you to Gen. Fox, who most 
 readily acceded if the Judge could engage for your undertaldng it, as he 
 could then give a decisive answer to any further applications. I without 
 hesitation told the Judge I would pledge myself for your accepting it, he 
 has accordingly committed you with Gen’l Fox, and you must at least for 
 some time comply with our engagements. Fox knows you are a man of 
 business, and matters in the Secretary’s office there are not a little de¬ 
 ranged- he finds that he is to he in a responsible situation and wants a 
 capable confidential Friend to assist him. I think you will have it in your 
 power to bind him to you, & his interest is and will be the first in the 
 nation. It will save you every expence of living in Halifax, will give you 
 10s. per day and will put it in your power to serve all your friends, then he 
 knows all about your domestic connections, so that they will not occasion 
 any difficulty or objection. I do not know my dear Ned what your plans 
 or prospects are, I really thought this a most eligible opportunity to serve 
 you; Fox is a man capable of the warmest attachments, and a very aspiring 
 ambitious character, and if he chooses it, can no doubt by his Brother’s* 
 interest keep the command at Halifax—at any rate he does not mean to 
 go home. 
 
 Think of the matter once & again and if you feel yourself inclined to 
 refuse it—Be at least plausible and save the credit of your friends here 
 in going so far in the business. If you undertake it, convince him you are 
 everything he wants or wishes; humor the rage of public economy, be a 
 man of business, indulge your convivial penchant with caution:—Excuse 
 me my dear Fellow, if these hints are not necessary, they are well intend¬ 
 ed. Fox I believe only awaits the arrival of another Packet from Eng¬ 
 land before he goes. I shall call on him when he comes to town and will 
 keep you acquainted with everything that takes place. 
 
 Col. Robinson! and his family are sailed for England in the Lion, 
 Judge Ludlow in the Packet. Col. Morris! and family and Col. Cruger 
 are gone. Several empty transports arriving yesterday from England give 
 us strong reason to suspect we shall all be off this fall. Everything here 
 remains just as when you left us, the People in the Country growing more 
 violent every day. 
 
 ^Charles James Fox of parliamentary fame. 
 
 f Colonel Beverley Robinson, of New York, by his marriage with Susannah 
 Philipse came into possession of a large landed estate on the Hudson river. 
 He raised the Loyal American Regiment at the time of the Revolution, in which 
 corps his son Beverley was lieutenant colonel and Thomas Barclay were major. 
 Colonel Robinson’s commission is dated March 28, 1777. There is a pretty full 
 biography of him in Sabine’s Loyalists of the American Revolution. His wife 
 Susannah was one of the three women included in the New York confiscation 
 act. The British government granted a sum equivalent to more than $80,000 
 as a partial compensation for his losses in consequence of his loyalty. 
 
 JColonel John Morris is here referred to. He commanded the second bat¬ 
 talion of the New Jersey Volunteers. His commission is dated November, 1776. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 93 
 
 Eyerson could not get his business done to go in the Eanger hut will 
 follow soon with the articles I advised you of by that vessel. 
 
 Major Prevost* and myself set off on Monday upon a general muster. 
 He desires me to tell you all the appointments you recommended in Bay¬ 
 ard’s corps have taken place yesterday except the Major’s son, objected to 
 by the Com’r in Chief on account of his age. 
 
 The Polks in the Bowery [Father’s family] are all well and in very 
 good spirits. 
 
 Plow do your little Folks & Popf—remember me to them most affec¬ 
 tionately. Write to me very particularly all about matters and things. 
 I know not where to forward letters to you, whether to Annapolis, St. 
 John’s, or Halifax, but the latter I believe will be the most likely place 
 for them to find you. I shall direct to the care of Johnson till I hear 
 from you. 
 
 Adieu— 
 
 Yours most sincerely and affectionately, 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Major Aug. Prevost to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, 25th June, 1783. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I was favour’d with your letter by Mr. Buskirk, whose 
 promotion is still pending—I reported on Major Bayard’s memo, and have 
 hopes it will succeed. 
 
 [ am happy to find you have such flattering encouragement respect¬ 
 ing your settlement on the River St. John—Your good offices in my favor 
 will ever be gratefully acknowledged. I am determined on fulfilling the 
 conditions of the Grant should you succeed in locating a tract worth im¬ 
 proving, and to be guided by your friendly advice respecting the same— 
 any expences attending your obtaining, dividing, &c, &c, I pray you to 
 draw on Ed. Goold Esq. at this place who has my instructions to pay the 
 same at five days sight. 
 
 You will be pleased to observe, should you find it necessary, that the 
 lands granted me by Government at the close of the last War cost me 
 nearly eighty five guineas—that the same are now made over by this 
 infamous treaty and given away to the Spaniards by the loss of the 
 Florid as. I only mention this to show I have some pretensions which I 
 wish you to avail yourself of. My very worthy friend the Lt. Governor 
 will if arrived enforce in my behalf any memor’l that may be necessary 
 to give in. 
 
 *Major Augustin Prevost of the 3rd battalion of the Royal American (or 
 60th) Regiment. He was deputy inspector general of the Loyalist troops during 
 the war. 
 
 fThe reference is to Winslow’s wife Polly or Mary. 
 
94 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 I now beg to apologise for the liberty I take in giving yon, my Dear 
 Sir. so much trouble: be assured I will be happy in every opportunity of 
 giving you assurance of my respectful gratitude having the honor to be 
 most faithfully 
 
 Your most obliged servant, 
 
 Aug. Prevost. 
 
 Memorial of Colonel Winslow & Major Murray. 
 
 To His Excellency John Parr, Esquire, Captain General, Governor and 
 Comander in Chief in and over His Majesty’s Province of Nova Scotia 
 and its Dependencies, Chancellor & Vice Admiral of the same, &c, 
 &c, &c. 
 
 Edward Winslow Jun’r, Esq., late Commissary General of Musters for 
 His Majesty’s British American Forces, and Daniel Murray, Major, and 
 late Commanding the King’s American Dragoons—beg leave to represent: 
 
 That during the War in America they have served their Sovereign 
 with fidelity and have been honored with the repeated approbation of their 
 superiors; that they are now deprived of fortunes acquired by their an¬ 
 cestors and are dismissed from their military employments; that governed 
 by the same attachment to the British constitution which excited them to 
 sacrifice their property and expose their lives they are anxious to obtain a 
 settlement in the Province of Nova Scotia under your Excellency’s direc¬ 
 tion, for which purpose they have personally explored a country 125 miles 
 from the mouth of the river St. John’s, the boundaries of which are de¬ 
 scribed in the inclosed paper. They hope for your Excellency’s permis¬ 
 sion to form this tract into a township and to dignify it with the name of 
 Prince-William.* In the list of their Associates they are permitted to 
 insert the names of the Honorable Brig. Gen. Fox, Brig. Gen. Clarke, and 
 Brig. Gen. Musgrave. The other persons named have served in various 
 capacities, have lost their all, and are determined to make the most zealous 
 exertions to forward the settlement. The land for which they solicit your 
 Excellency’s grant was never located; it is nearly in the centre of that 
 country which your Excellency has been pleased to point out for the ac¬ 
 commodation of His Majesty’s Provincial corps, and your memorialists 
 presume that by commencing spirited operations there they shall give a 
 spring to the general settlement and essentially serve the public. They 
 are ready to stipulate with your Excellency in the first place to provide 
 with lots in proportion to their rank all the officers and men of the 
 
 *The parish of Prince William derived its name from the township here 
 mentioned. The royal patron of the King’s American Dragoons was Prince 
 William, afterwards William the IV. of England. The King’s American Dra¬ 
 goons came to the St. John river under the command of Major Daniel Murray, 
 and many of their descendants are living today in the parish of Prince William. 
 
 I 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 95 
 
 King’s American Dragoons, who may be found actually resident there in 
 the month of May next, and to procure within any reasonable time such 
 a number of settlers in addition as your Excellency may think necessary 
 after obtaining particular information of the quality of the soil and other 
 circumstances, and to comply with other customary terms of settlement. 
 
 Your memorialists therefore request that your Excellency will be 
 pleased to grant them and their associates on the conditions herein men¬ 
 tioned, the tract of land described by John Davidson,* Esq., Deputy Sur¬ 
 veyor, and that your Excellency would be pleased to send some judicious 
 public officer of your province as early as the season will admit to join with 
 your memorialists, or such others of the associates as your Excellency may 
 prefer, in making an impartial distribution of the land among such per¬ 
 sons as your Excellency may think are entitled thereto and in such propor¬ 
 tions as to your Excellency may seem just. 
 
 [The foregoing in the original is a rough draft with some erasures 
 and interlineations. It is undated but was written in the year 1783.] 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 River St. John’s 7th July, 1783. 
 
 My dear fellow,—I find that the Brig Ranger is detained by a con¬ 
 trary wind, I therefore make this small addition to my last. 
 
 If the ship Peggy, Capt. Jacob Wilson, returns to this place or An¬ 
 napolis, the honest man who commands her will readily receive anything 
 that is intended for me. I have a considerable stock of pigs and poultry 
 which are my principal dependence for the winter, and grain of all kinds 
 is so scarce and dear here that I fear they will suffer. Should it be prac¬ 
 ticable to buy for me a few Hhds of Indian com, pease or anything else 
 that’s eatable for them, it will relieve me. If accident throws that same 
 Wilson in your way, tell him how grateful I feel, for the most uncommon 
 attention that ever so rough a fellow exhibited. 
 
 Should you see my friend Major Hanger,t I’ll thank you to acquaint 
 him that the respectable gentleman who once attended him in quality of 
 a Groom by the name of Newton, has formed a very advantageous con¬ 
 nection in this province with the widow of a half pay officer by the name 
 
 *John Davidson was a lieutenant in the King’s American Dragoons. He 
 was a native of New Hampshire and educated as a surveyor. He settled in 
 Dumfries, York County, near Colonel Jacob Ellegood. He was a member of the 
 house of assembly for York County in 1802, and in his day a very active and 
 useful citizen. 
 
 fHon. George Hanger, an English officer, was appointed major in the Brit¬ 
 ish Legion May 24, 1780. He went with the corps to Port Matoon, in Nova 
 Scotia, but the place proved very unsuitable for a settlement and the majority 
 removed elsewhere in 1784. 
 
96 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 of Munroe, by which he is in possession of a very excellent house hand¬ 
 somely furnished, good stables and the most delightfully situated farms 
 on the Annapolis River. He introduced himself to the lady by affirming 
 “that he was particularly connected with the hono’ble Major Hanger— 
 that his circumstances were rather affluent, having served in a money 
 making department, and that he had left a very considerable property 
 behind him”—for all which particulars he did me the honor to refer to 
 me. As I was not intimately acquainted with Mr. Newton, but had only 
 casually heard anecdotes of him, I could not vouch for every circumstance, 
 I however assured the lady’s messenger that he really had been connected 
 with Major Hanger, that he had made money, and that he had left a large 
 property behind him. 
 
 The nuptials were immediately celebrated with great pomp and Mr. 
 Newton is at present a gentleman of consideration in Nova Scotia and 
 apparently a very happy man, and should his honorable friend the Major 
 be under a necessity of visiting this country I have no doubt that he would 
 experience every mark of attention from him and his lady (who is by no 
 means a bad piece.) 
 
 A violent cold has hindered me from accompanying Barclay* and 
 Murray on a cruize by water. I am nursing myself and shall be ready 
 to move up the river in a few days. I never saw a set of men more per¬ 
 fectly satisfy’d than those of Thompson’s regt.,t not a murmur is heard 
 among them and they received me in a kind of stile that afforded me in¬ 
 finite pleasure. 
 
 Yesterday I had the honor of being introduced to three Indian 
 Chiefs, a high priest, squaws and attendants, it really was ridiculous 
 enough. A relation of the particulars may afford fun at some future day. 
 I would have given a year’s lease of my life that Nat. Coffin, Fred Philips 
 and yourself had been spectators of the business. I could write eternally 
 t0 you - E. W. 
 
 P. S. If a small stove for a room can be obtained, send it to me to 
 Annapolis. 
 
 *Major Thomas Barclay was a son of Rev. Henry Barclay, D. D., rector of 
 Trinity church. New York. He was a graduate of Columbia College and a law 
 student of the celebrated John Jay. He was gazetted captain in the Loyal Am¬ 
 erican Regiment April 10, 1777, and promoted major October 7, 1777. Later he 
 commanded the Provincial Light Infantry, a corps formed by taking from each 
 Loyalist battalion its light infantry company, and combining them into one or¬ 
 ganization. This corps saw much service in Georgia and the Carolinas. He 
 settled at Annapolis in 1783, and at once began to fill a prominent place in poli¬ 
 tical life and in public affairs. He was for many years speaker of the house of 
 assembly and adjutant general of militia. He was British commissioner at the 
 time of the adjustment of the international boundary dispute in 1796. For fur¬ 
 ther particulars of Colonel Barclay see Sabine’s Loyalists, Murdoch’s History 
 of Nova Scotia and Calnek and Savary’s History of Annapolis. 
 
 fColonel Benjamin Thompson’s corps was known as the King’s American 
 Dragoons. 
 
1783 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 97 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 River St. John’s 7th July, 1783. 
 
 That’s a good fellow Chip, a long letter from an old friend received 
 in this desert is like a glimpse of glory. I know Tom Coffin would write 
 if he could. I am sorry you’d so much trouble in effecting the business I 
 wrote you about by Ryerson. I did not intend it. 
 
 You have gratified me much by the account given me of my father’s 
 situation and the state of the family—would to God the comfort they now 
 enjoy could be continued to them. Is there any chance my dear Chip 
 that recompence will he made to the Loyalists by Government? Will it 
 be possible for my poor father to obtain only a sufficiency to support him 
 in England for a little time? If so will it not be best for him to go there? 
 What can I do for them. Chip ? I should merit the curse of all of ’em were 
 1 to give the least encouragement for them to come here. The mortifi¬ 
 cations which 1 experience and laugh at would be insupportable to them; 
 the whole country is crowded, the towns are expensive beyond belief, they 
 can’t live on rations, nor in sodded huts. If it is fashionable or necessary 
 to make representations of sufferings I am sure you will do it for him. 
 Suppose he obtains any part of a single thousand pounds it will be enough. 
 He can get nothing here; it will he half an eternity before any man will 
 be worth a third of that money. Perhaps in a few years the present 
 savage appearance of this country may in some degree be changed and I 
 may offer them an asylum. Penny’s good sense enables her to see this 
 business in a proper light. You must settle it among you; they all know 
 that if anything is done for me in England it will be for their benefit,— 
 I’ll have done with this subject. * * * 
 
 I saw your new appointment with pleasure. May your consequence 
 be increased until your ambition is satisfy’d and then I think you’ll be a 
 pretty consequential fellow. I like your scheme of going to England. 
 I’ll not be too sanguine in my opinions—I do think this province ere 
 long will be a good stage for abilities like yours to exhibit upon. The 
 present Att. Gen.* here is an ignorant harmless nincompoop and the Sol. 
 Gen. is a great lubberly insolent irish rebel,! indeed I do not find that 
 there’s a man of any consequence in the profession. Sterns is the most so 
 (really) at Halifax. When the variety of people who compose your garri¬ 
 son have scattered about in different parts of this province, I think a 
 gentleman may find an eligible situation and in a good society but this is 
 
 *The attorney general here referred to was Richard Gibbons. He was ap¬ 
 pointed chief justice of Cape Breton December 24, 1784, and Sampson Salter 
 Blowers succeeded him as attorney general of Nova Scotia. 
 
 fThe reference is to Richard John Uniacke. See collections of the Nova 
 Scotia Historical Sociey, vol. ix., p. 83. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 a subject that shall he treated on largely and deliberately—at present I 
 am in a camp where one man is laying out roads, another building boats. 
 &c. 
 
 You wish to know what are my views, plans and prospects. In a 
 few words my faithful friend, In the situation I left, my views were at an 
 end, I had no plans and my prospects were blacker than hell. I knew 
 that the appointment of agent to the Provincials would give me conse¬ 
 quence here and furnish employment for my mind. Hitherto everything 
 has happened as I could have wished, the reception I met with from the 
 General, Governor, and all the great people in the country was beyond 
 my most sanguine expectations, it has revived all my old spirits and I have 
 adopted a style that would astonish you. There’s not a man from this 
 quarter that presumes to solicit from head Quarters without my recom¬ 
 mendation and I have effected some business for meritorious characters 
 which has afforded me vast pleasure. Our old friend Marston has felt the 
 benefit of a pointed application to the Governor without his knowledge. 
 He is appointed a chief Magistrate, or a kind of Governor-General, at 
 Port Roseway and is a confidential man with Governor Parr. I am par¬ 
 ticularly gratify’d at this circumstance for various reasons. 
 
 We have just begun our operations in the land way, the people who 
 have arrived here are prodigiously pleased with the country and I shall 
 certainly soon be possessed of a good farm, and if we’ve our half pay I will 
 be more than comfortable. I have left those sweet little ones in as com¬ 
 fortable a place as is in this province, made so by own exertions. I found 
 a house and hired it for £6 a year and I’ve taken a lease for two years. 
 
 I added two rooms and a chimney and have now a spare bed room at 
 your service, ’tis just on the bank of a most beautiful river immediately 
 opposite the town of Annapolis. I have left Thomson’s William* (now 
 Qr. Mr.) to superintend, and mother Silkt & little George. We have 
 plenty of poultry, a good garden and such a variety of fish as you never 
 saw, and I have built a tolerable boat. So much for the family. 
 
 On this side of the Bay of Fundy I am speculating pretty largely. 
 
 I have taken three town lots on the West side of the river, % in the most 
 delightful situations I ever saw, for myself, Major Coffin and Col. Ludlow, 
 on condition to build a tenantable house on each within six months. 
 Coffin’s is already in some forwardness and my own and Major Murray’s 
 will soon make a figure. Should our farms in the general division fall 
 at a distance from this, we cannot lose by the exertion; the houses will 
 cost b ut a very trifle, and those who are obliged to come without such 
 
 ’’'Lieut. Colonel Benjamin Thompson’s servant or groom. See letter under 
 date 2nd August, 1783, in this book. 
 
 | Evidently a blapk servant, probably a slave. 
 
 ++These lots were on the west side of St. John harbor, in Carleton. 
 

a sketch by Benj. Marston in 1781. 
 
 $ 
 
 8 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 ish 3mo h 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 covering prepared will be glad to pay the expense. I am at present at 
 Murray’s Quarters in a township which we shall lay out for the provin¬ 
 cials and- we--have- already cpt a voafl from. bis- egmp,:to tlie. riyer about 
 three miles. , 
 
 I will not aim at'a "description of this\bugrn$ss. We cut/yesterday 
 with about 120-men' more than a mile. th,ro’ a. forest hitherto .deemed 
 impenetrable. When we emerged j from it, there - opened a .prospect 
 superior to anything in the vorld.’I believe. perfect view, (of the 
 immense Bay of Fundy on one side, a very extensive view*bf the river 
 St. Johnb with the Falls, grand Lake [or Bayhatol Islands, on the other— 
 in front the Fort; which : is > a> beautiful -.■rob jgct ; ; op...-, a- .-high; bill, and all 
 settlements • about the town with .the' ships,- boatg,^&e,“> in Barbour — 
 ’twas positively; the : most. 1 magnificent and rpniantie; scene;...!', have ever 
 beheld. Our town is to ‘ be : on. the -slope; of this;tiili ; and you. .shall have 
 a house in it- whether you:, ever see. it-; or . not by 'Jupiter.', < ■} ,shall look 
 in future with ■ extreme 'contempt-on - yonr.> poetical ■ descriptions: ,6f your 
 pussy,meandering, serpentine, purling ■rills, ;&e,—any ,man>- worn an or 
 child that has' not a- strUnguaryr can' make^ sjich in a. minute.--.but on 
 viewing- a ! prospect- like this an infidel -would acknowledge; that only God 
 could effect'it. • . F. vb - ; • - • • - F ‘J,, 
 
 Thank you for the articles ypn sent me. I am. infinitely., obliged to 
 Tom Co din for The encouragement about- the: seine and./boat, -and to 
 Gilfillan • you cannot imagine :df bow Imudi; consequence such, things are. 
 Should; the post be abandoned this'fall I am sure-1 .shall- not. be forgotten. 
 Send toe anything in ■ the-world that.you; can procure, without:expense. 
 With respect , to cash Chip; I have done, monstrously well;— the tour to 
 Halifax was • d r d expensive, but• I i am - determined- to Jto Repaid.. The 
 30 Guineas I received of you arid-.25 out-,of the ahstrae^ has hitherto 
 answered'toy purpose,, for: building .houses,., boats-, ,suppprti-i^.. family and 
 travelling expenses, and as I am now in a wilderness I shall- make- out till 
 my own subsistence -is : due. • ■ :< . ' . v . : .? ’ 
 
 T have received a letter from Fred ; Philips of anold date, Thannot 
 find by, that' or yours-whether he is absolutely - deterTninridlto.-go-; to Eng¬ 
 land or-riot.' I protoised-him letteES, he knows how interested .1 am in 
 everything - which concerns' him. I have postponed sending theuftbecause 
 it is my intention, as we survey the different townships and cruise in the 
 different .rivers; ,t-o -form-as;; elegant a description of them as is--possible 
 with the assista«eeb£a v m^ who is retained 1 invmy beryice for 
 
 that purpose, • these - -I - shal l - transmit r to ’ Great Britain * to - nay Lord* Percy 
 by him, and I am determined at all events to distinguish myself by pro¬ 
 posing a plan which affords the grandest field for speculation that ever 
 offered. Take the general map of this province (even as it is now 
 
100 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 bounded), observe how detached this part is from the rest, how vastly 
 extensive it is, notice the rivers, harbours, &c., Consider the numberless 
 inconveniences that must arise from its remoteness from the metropolis 
 and the difficulty of communication. Think what multitudes have and 
 will come here, and then judge whether it must not from the nature of 
 things immediately become a separate government,* and if it does it shall 
 be the most Gentlemanlike one on earth. Suppose you and he go to 
 England after being provided with the necessary facts, can you be better 
 employed than in a solicitation of this kind properly authorized. You 
 know how Industrious I can be if I please and you may rest assured I 
 will pursue this project with unremitted attention. The people on the 
 other side [the Bay] are already jealous, even the Gov’r fears it evidently, 
 we have therefore been perfectly snug yet. Tell him (Fred) that the 
 want of subjects to render my letters acceptable and of consequence was 
 the only cause of my not forwarding them before. Fanning is expected every 
 hour here and I could have wrote only to Innes a formal letter of recom¬ 
 mendation which would not have satisfy 5 d my mind. I wish to be more 
 serviceable to a man I love like him, I intended to have wrote him, I 
 can’t —■ do ■ you give him a share of this. Acquaint him that White 
 Stocking’s colt is very ugly — to make up for it she has been maneuvred 
 by Tartar — of course she will have an elegant one next time, this has 
 been performed by consent of Council. She has never been saddled 
 since she landed at Nova Scotia and is fatter than he ever saw her. The 
 other is a very good horse. 
 
 Tell Tom Coffin that Miss Fanny was safely delivered of sixteen 
 puppies — twelve of which were so handsome that a court martial that 
 sat the day I left Annapolis, at which Lt. Col. DeLancey presided, could 
 not agree to destroy any of ’em. 
 
 I wrote my father and sisters from Annapolis so lately that they must 
 excuse me now. 
 
 Coffin, Brinley, TowHsend, Chew, ’tother Fred, | everybody, will be¬ 
 lieve that I remember them affectionately. 
 
 I had a letter prepared for Mr. Watson which, from a circumstance 
 that has lately taken place, I must defer sending by this conveyance. 
 Say everything to him for me that gratitude can suggest and to that 
 
 * Anticipating the formation of a new province on the north side of the Bay 
 of Fundy. The idea seems to have originated with Edward Winslow, who sug¬ 
 gested it to Colonel Fox. This letter contains the first known direct reference 
 to the subject. 
 
 _ tThe names of these officers will be found among the correspondence of 
 Edward Winslow. “T’other Fred” is explained by the fact that there were two 
 captains named Frederick Phillips, one of them in the Loyal American Regi¬ 
 ment and another in the King’s American Dragoons. Both were Winslow's 
 intimate friends and associates during* the war. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 101 
 
 1783] 
 
 best of friends Dr. Bailey, they will readily believe that I have little time 
 xo spare. I shall write Col. Ludlow a few lines—there is no Providence 
 if he suffers. 
 
 Next time you write me inclose a short note to Pop — it will gratify 
 her. If you had ever an esteem for her it will increase when you know 
 with w'hat perfect propriety she has conducted. Adieu, my friend — 
 
 brother — 
 
 everything, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 This letter is a monster in every respect. 
 
 My Boy is not dead, thank Heaven, & Paddock* has gone to see him. 
 
 Letter of Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, July, 1783. 
 
 We shall tomorrow reconnoitre the township of Conway, which lies 
 on the west side of the river St. John’s bounded on that side by the 
 river and running near west on the Bay of Fundy about 10 or 11 miles. 
 Within it is a good Harbor called Musquash Cove where is a valuable 
 tract of salt marsh, said to be 2,500 acres, and which in the opinion of 
 many judicious persons may be easily dyked. At the head of the harbor 
 is a river navigable for small vessels 6 or 7 miles and perfectly well 
 calculated for mills. With these advantages we apprehend that this town¬ 
 ship may accommodate a considerable number of families, altho’ it is 
 generally supposed that the upland is not very good. Some of the best 
 part of it on peninsula nearest to St. John’s has been formerly granted 
 and settlements have been made. I shall however be better able to give 
 you an opinion on my return which I suppose will be in about 5 days. 
 Murray is industriously employed with his whole regiment in cutting a 
 road from hence to the old Fort on the Harbor of St. John’s, which will 
 be a prodigious service to the settlers at Musquash Cove. He intends 
 extending it to the Cove by degrees. When we have completed the busi¬ 
 ness in this quarter we shall * * * [Remainder wanting.] 
 
 *Doctor Adino Paddock was formerly of Boston. He was a son of Major 
 Adino Paddock, who planted the Paddock elms in Tremont street, Boston. In 
 1779 ’he went to England and studied medicine and surgery. Returning to Am¬ 
 erica he became surgeon in the King’s American Dragoons. He settled after 
 the war at St. John, N. B., but later went to St. Mary’s, York Co., where he 
 died. A son and grandson bore the name of “Adino;” both were physicians. 
 The grandson, Dr. Adino Paddock, died at Kingston, N. B., in August, 1893. 
 There was consequently a continuous practice of 110 years by the three Adino’s, 
 father, son, and grandson. 
 
102 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 Edward Winslow to Joshua Upham. 
 
 [St. John’s River July (?) 1783.] 
 
 [First part missing.] * * when we have ascertained its bound¬ 
 
 aries and estimated what proportion of it is worth cultivating, we mean 
 immediately to divide it into as many farms as it will admit of — to 
 have them numbered and to settle them with as much expedition as 
 possible, and we shall pursue this method in the other tracts. The system 
 we have adopted may he liable to some exceptions, hut we are convinced 
 of the necessity of being prepared to point out to the Provincial Regi¬ 
 ments as they arrive here the tracts of Land on which they may settle. 
 An inattention, or want of exertion in the Agents of the Refugees has 
 been the cause of extreme distress to those who have already landed here. 
 They are at present crowded into one spot without covering, and totally 
 ignorant where they are eventually to settle, altho’ two townships con¬ 
 taining near 300,000 acres of the best land on the River St. John’s has 
 been long ago escheated at their application. Why, Upham, was not 
 some man or men of consideration and spirit appointed to take the 
 direction of these people ? The Reverend Gentleman* who is the osten¬ 
 sible person, is certainly unequal to the task-, and those who are doing 
 the duty here are not the right kind of men — but this is a subject on 
 which I have not time to speculate. I fear no difficulties in the business 
 which I am engaged in. It is the source of infinite satisfaction that 
 I am connected with two gentlemen whose sentiments in all important 
 instances correspond with my own. Hitherto our matters have been con¬ 
 ducted with great harmony of spirit, and I have no doubt that in a few 
 weeks we shall be able to effect the grand object of our errand. I am' 
 gratified excessively at the situation and behaviour of your Regiment, t 
 I never saw more cheerfulness and good humor than appears among the 
 men. They are encamped on one of the pleasantest spots I ever beheld, 
 and they are enjoying a great variety of what you Yorkers call luxuries—• 
 such as partridges, Salmon, Bass, Trout, Pigeons, &c. The whole regi¬ 
 ment are this day employed in cutting and clearing a road to the river 
 and Murray and I intend to ride tomorrow where never man rode before. 
 Before you arrive I expect to have a town-Hut and country Hut, with 
 a fine road from one to ’tother, and I shall be very happy to see you. 
 The great Bell is alreadv mounted. We are in some danger of losing it. 
 
 *The reference is to the Reverend John Sayre, who was an agent for set¬ 
 tling the Loyalists at St. John. He died at Maugerville the following year. 
 Prior to the Revolution he was rector of Fairfield, Connecticut. This town was 
 destroyed by Gen. Tryon in July, 1779, and Mr. Sayre retired with the army. 
 He went to Long Island, where he occasionally officiated to the loyal refugees. 
 A pretty full account of Mr. Sayre will be found in Eaton’s “Tory Clergy of the 
 Revolution,” and in Sabine’s American Loyalists. 
 
 fThe King’s American Dragoons, in which corps Joshua Upham was a 
 major. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 103 
 
 1783] 
 
 The Parson Agent for the Refugees has purchased Loosely’s* Organ and 
 intends rigging it in a church on their side the River. Murray means 
 to challenge him to play all fours who shall have both. If we win, our 
 friend Odell’s church will be complete; if we lose — why we’ll have no 
 church at all. 
 
 In your turn answer me — do you really intend coming to this 
 country ? If so, why not employ your regimental friends to build you 
 a house ? Will none of you believe that to save you from perdition, you 
 can’t find a house to put your heads in ? Several of my friends 
 have suggested that they wait my opinion of the country to enable 
 them to decide, but it is a subject on which I will never give advice. 
 ’Tis rather too important. I will say that personally nothing has hap¬ 
 pened to discourage my settling here, but on the contrary I am pleased, 
 and was it not for the distress I feel for my parents and their family, I 
 should be happy. That good old man & woman are too old and infirm 
 to combat the difficulties which they must necessarily encounter in coming 
 here, and my sisters I fear are unequal to the business. If they must 
 remove I am clear they should go to England, government will not let 
 them suffer, they have many valuable friends there and the difference of 
 passage is inconsiderable. I depend on my friends to advise them for 
 the best, it is a long time since I have ranked you in the number and on 
 this occasion I am sure of your assistance. In anything command me, 
 Upham; give me any opportunity and you shall have new proofs with 
 what sincerity and truth I am 
 
 Your affeet’t Friend, 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 Col. Thompson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Pall Mall Court, 8th July, 1783. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I congratulate you most sincerely upon the Grant 
 of Parliament of half-pay to all the provincial officers. You and your 
 Deputies and Mr. Bridgham, Colonel Innes’s Deputy, are included. I 
 formed the Estimate myself which was laid before the House of Com¬ 
 mons, and neither Lord North, General Conway, or any body else made 
 the smallest objection to your claim. The business is not intirely 
 finished, owing to the want of authentic Lists of the Officers of the 
 different Regiments, but as the sum voted is "on account of Half-pay for 
 
 *Charles Loosely was an innkeeper at New York and Brooklyn during the 
 war. He pursued the same calling on his arrival in St. John. He was a queer 
 character—advertised in doggerel rhymes, etc., etc. Winslow’s pleasantry, in 
 the letter above, assumes that the Rev. John Sayre would have a church on the 
 east side of the harbor, while he and his friends would strive for one on the op¬ 
 posite side, with Rev. Jonathan Odell, late chaplain of the King’s American Dra¬ 
 goons, as their minister. 
 
104 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 “the Officers of certain Provincial Corps which have served with His 
 “Majesty’s Troops in North America in the late War,” the claim for half- 
 pay is not only admitted hut substantiated, and Sir Guy Carleton is 
 directed to furnish proper lists as soon as possible that estimates of the 
 different Corps may be laid before Parliament at their next meeting that 
 they may be voted specifically. 
 
 I have written to Sir Guy Carleton very fully upon the subject and 
 have desired him not to forget to return you and your Deputies upon his 
 Lists. I informed him that you were included in the Estimates I had the 
 honor to lay before His Majesty’s Ministers, and that no objection was 
 made to it. So my good friend I think I have fixed the matter for you. 
 
 You will receive a great many letters from me by this conveyance, 
 and among the rest one urging you to come to England. I am still of 
 the same opinion with respect to the propriety of that measure; and the 
 sooner you come the better. You have friends here who will exert them¬ 
 selves to serve you, and among all the arrangements that must necessarily 
 be made now upon settling the Government of Nova Scotia I think they 
 cannot want an opportunity to provide for you. Your voyage need not 
 cost much, unless you choose it: and I will be answerable that you may 
 live as cheap in London as in Halifax. Come soon and you will find a 
 pleasant Lodging in Pall Mall Court, and Servants at your service. You 
 know how happy I will be to see you. 
 
 With respect to myself personally, T cannot say I have been fortunate 
 in my negotiations. I have not succeeded in my endeavors to get my 
 Regiment put upon the British Establishment, nor have I any prospect 
 at present of being employed. The East India Company so far from 
 wanting troops are applying to Government to recall the British Reg’ts 
 now in their service; and they are so overstocked with Officers of their 
 own that they cannot find employment for one half of those they are 
 obliged to Pay. 
 
 My views are now turned another way. You will soon hear of my 
 making a dash that will surprise you all. There is no doubt but the 
 Russians and Turks are upon the Eve of a very serious War, and on one 
 side or other I am determined to have a hand in it. 
 
 Tho’ I have not succeeded in my wishes respecting the Establishment 
 of my Reg’t. with British Rank, we are put upon the American Estab¬ 
 lishment by a formal order from the King; and His Majesty has been 
 Graciously pleased to honor me -with a very flattering mark of his Royal 
 approbation by recommending me to Sir Guy Carleton that I may be 
 appointed “Colonel” of the Kings American Dragoons, and by consenting 
 that Major Murray should be promoted to the Rank of Lieut. Colonel. 
 But this you will keep to yourself till you hear it from some other quarter. 
 It is not public even here. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 105 
 
 July 12th.— 
 
 Fanning* not gone yet. By the bye you cannot conceive what a 
 noise the Establishment of his, and the other Provincial Regiments has 
 made here. Those who had any hand in it are so sore with abuse that 
 they cannot bear to hear it mentioned. Had those Corps not been Estab¬ 
 lished mine would certainly have been. This will appear odd to you 
 but it is nevertheless true. 
 
 I have a letter from Chipman of the 1st June. He is coming to 
 England. I hope we shall all three meet there. He says you have taken 
 the trouble of acting as paymaster to my Regt. You know how my 
 accounts stand with Mr. Leechmere and Doctor Paddock. May I beg 
 of you to remember me. But I know you will without my asking it. 
 
 Pray remember my Compliments to all near you to whom you think 
 they will be acceptable; Particularly to Polly and the little ones. 
 
 I write to Murray by this Opportunity. Adieu, my Dear Winslow. 
 
 I am ever most sincerely 
 
 and affectionately Yours, 
 
 - B. T. 
 
 “ Lt. Col. Delancey, Respecting the Govr’s Orders about Lands on St. 
 John’s.” 
 
 My dear Brother Agents,— 
 
 Annapolis, July 11th, 1783. 
 
 I arrived here last night, and tomorrow, wind and weather auspicious, 
 shall sail for Halifax, though if what I am informed at this Place is true, 
 we might better be all of us in Hew York. It is that Conway, Burton,! 
 &e. are to be given to the Refugees and that the lands to be given to the 
 Provincials are to commence at Sunbury j and go northwest to Canada 
 or elsewhere. This I at first esteemed an Idle Report but upon enquiring 
 of Mr. Botsford, || he corroborates the whole of it and for his authority 
 
 *Colonel Edmund Fanning of the King’s American Regiment. 
 
 f Townships had been granted on the St. John river as early as the year 
 1765, including Maugerville, Gagetown, Burton, etc., but much of the land in 
 these townships had never been improved and was now liable to escheat or 
 forfeiture. The township of “Conway,” mentioned in letter above, included 
 Carleton and the parish of Lancaster on the west side of St. John harbor. 
 “Burton” included the parishes of Burton and Lincoln in Sunbury County. 
 
 JThe reference is to the township (not the county) of Sunbury. It began a 
 little below Fredericton and extended up the St. John river about as far as 
 Long’s Creek, or the upper line of the parish of Kings clear. 
 
 ||Amos Botsford, formerly of Newton, Connecticut, was a graduate of Tale 
 College. In 1782 he was appointed by Sir Guy Carleton an agent for the Loy¬ 
 alists embarking at New York for Annapolis Royal. They arrived there late in 
 the fall. Mr. Botsford, with Frederick Hauser and others, made a careful ex¬ 
 ploration of the St. John river. See Murdoch’s History of Nova Scotia, vol. iii., 
 pp. 13-15. They sent a full report of their proceedings to their friends in New 
 York. Amos Botsford settled in the county of Westmorland. He was the first 
 speaker of the house of assembly, and continued to hold the position until his 
 death, in 1812, in the 69th year of his age. 
 
106 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 has a letter from Mr. Buckley [Bulkley].* The Intelligence coming in 
 this way (unless Mr. Botsford is an execrable Liar) cannot be doubted; 
 if it is true I believe you will join with me in fixing immediately a Period 
 to our Agency, which I shall do instantly on my arrival at Halifax and 
 shall not be very delicate in assigning my reasons. This is so notorious 
 a forfeiture of the faith of Government that it appears to me almost 
 incredible, and yet I fear it is not to be doubted. Could we have known 
 this a little earlier it would have saved you the trouble of exploring the 
 Country for the benefit of a People you are not connected with. In short 
 it is a subject too disagreeable to say more upon. In letters to me send 
 a duplicate one to Halifax, the other to this place. 
 
 Compliments to Allen. God bless you both. 
 
 St. DeLancey.f 
 
 General Timothy Ruggles to Edward Winslow, Sr. 
 
 Annapolis 17th July, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—By a ship bound to New York I am to acknowledge your 
 kind favor of the 30th of May last, which I received last night. Nothing 
 could add more to my felicity than hearing of your enjoying your health, 
 without which you could have little pleasure at the Bowery even in your 
 pretty Box, with the adjacent two acres of land, which I make no doubt 
 you are improving to the best advantage for the benefit of those happy 
 branches of your family with you, to whom I beg you will be pleased to 
 make my best compliments, which at present is the only tribute of grati¬ 
 tude in my power to make them for the many excellent Indian puddings, 
 &c, &c, that I have so often partook of in their presence at your well 
 supply’d table. 
 
 Your fruit trees, when compared with those here, I mean apples, are 
 hardly worth noticing. About ten days ago, I had a present of well 
 toward a bushel of as fine, fair, sound, high flavored apples as you ever 
 saw at New York in the month of January. Colo. Allen of [New] Jersey 
 told me he had drank the best cider here, he ever drank in his life.; the 
 same account I had from Doctor Prince who came to this Province from 
 
 *Richard Bulkley came to Nova Scotia with Governor Cornwallis in 1749, 
 and was secretary of that province from 1759 to 1793. He died Dec. 7, 1800, aged 
 83 years. 
 
 fLieutenant Colonel Stephen DeLancey was a son of Brigadier General 
 Oliver DeLancey, and was lieutenant colonel in the 2nd battalion of -his father’s 
 brigade in August, 1776. He was transferred to the Prince of Wales American 
 Regiment in September, 1781, and again to the New Jersey Volunteers in Febru¬ 
 ary, 1782. He was one of the agents for effecting the settlement of the provin¬ 
 cial regiments in Nova Scotia. He afterward filled the positions of chief justice 
 of the Bahamas and governor of Tobago. He married Cornelia Barclay, and his 
 family became quite distinguished. See Jones’ Loyalist History of New York, 
 vol. i., p. 62. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 107 
 
 Salem, & from many other Gentlemen, all being the produce of this 
 Province. Vegetables of all kinds of the very best quality, hut not so 
 early as at blew York. Fin, scale & shell fish of all kinds except oysters, 
 the want of which is richly compensated by scallops in plenty about the 
 bigness of a common tea saucer & of excellent flavor. The land, very 
 natural to grass of all kinds, with some of our New England husbandry 
 often produces forty bushels of Indian corn per acre; but am apprehensive 
 from the scantiness of heat and much wet weather it is not the proper 
 grain for this climate, and indeed if less attention was paid to- it in many 
 parts of New England & more to other kinds of grain I think the people 
 would find their account in it. Wheat, barley, oats and flax thrive well 
 here upon uplands, & peas any where, no bugs were known in the place. 
 
 The people begin to clear upland which turns off good crops; the 
 growth of timber in general near the marshes is ever-green, such as white 
 spnice, red spruce, black spruce, fir & hemlock. The upland back 
 from the river is rock maple, yellow & Black birch, beech & white 
 ash, some red oak, no white oak. There is one hiccory tree here, 
 produced from what in our country [New England] we call shagbark 
 walnut—planted by Major Winniet about 23 years ago, an exceedingly 
 fine thrifty tree, about as thick as Col. Gilberts body at the bottom, bids 
 fair to have at least a bushel of nuts this year if no accident befalls them. 
 In the same gentleman’s garden is a filbert tree of some bigness, with 
 plenty of fruit growing on it. In the next garden there is a madeira nut 
 tree of considerable bigness—by its appearance has been sometimes nipt 
 by the frost, but not more than I have seen the same sort nipt on Long 
 Island. 
 
 Upon the whole I think the climate good & the soil capable of be¬ 
 coming the granary of any part of the continent to the eastward of New 
 York; whether so happy an event may take place in the life time of you 
 or me depends much upon the conduct of those who have it in their 
 power at this crisis to encourage and accomplish the complete settlement 
 of the country, according to the expectations of General Carleton. How 
 it fares with other parts of this Province I am not able to say, but with 
 respect to this part I hear every day lamentations making by people that 
 came last fall, that this year’s provision, which they then received and 
 which is all they have to depend upon, will be exhausted before they can 
 get the lands they have been long expecting to settle upon. As they 
 have not yet obtained their patents for it, and the season is so far ad¬ 
 vanced you may clearly discover that for husbandmen the year is lost. 
 What effect it may have upon others coming into the Province to settle, 
 you Sir can more easily conceive than I can tell. 
 
 Thus I have attempted to comply with your requisition & at the 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1782-3 
 
 same time to mention what I much fear may obstruct the settlement of 
 as fine a country as I ever saw in my life, capable of vast improvement, 
 replete with natural advantages & nothing wanting hut numbers of 
 industrious Inhabitants to make a most flourishing Province, which at 
 this time might certainly be had with prudent management. 
 
 My apology for this long scrawl is to convince you of my being all 
 attention to your commands notwithstanding my great aversion to writing 
 of which I find you are very sensible. I have only to add that I am 
 upon all occasions. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient & very humble servant, 
 
 Edward Winslow, Esq’r. Timo. Buggies. 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton to Brigadier General Fox. 
 
 New York 18th July 1783. 
 
 Sir,—Major General Paterson having obtained my permission to go 
 to England for the recovery of his health, and Brigadier General Camp¬ 
 bell on his private business, I have thought proper to appoint you to the 
 Command of His Majesty’s troops in the District of Nova Scotia; You 
 will therefore proceed by the first opportunity to Halifax in Nova Scotia, 
 and on the Departure of Major General Paterson, will take upon you the 
 Command of His Majesty’s Troops in that District until further orders 
 from me. 
 
 You will receive herewith, Instructions for your Conduct in that 
 Command, and will apply to Major General Paterson for copies of all such 
 letters and orders as relate thereto. 
 
 I have directed Alexander Thompson Esqr. Deputy Pay Master 
 General at Halifax, to receive and pay your Warrants for the subsistence 
 and Extraordinary Expenses of the troops under your command, which 
 You are hereby empowered to grant, obserying that no uncesessary ex¬ 
 penses are incurred. 
 
 I am. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient and 
 
 most humble servant 
 
 Guy Carleton. 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton to Brig. Gen. Fox. 
 
 New York 18th July, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—As the situation of the Refugees who have gone to Nova Scotia, 
 may require that they should have a further allowance of Provisions to 
 carry them thro’ the Winter, I have directed provisions to the 1st of May 
 next, to be furnished to those whose necessities may require it; which 
 you will be pleased to have carried into execution. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 109 
 
 Should you find it an advantage to the Inhabitants, and that it can 
 he done without detriment to the troops, you will send a Battalion to 
 Port-Roseway, hut I would wish you in all such cases, where the province 
 is concerned, to consult with the Governor. What I have said of Port- 
 Roseway may be applied to any other of the new settlements where you 
 may judge it advisable. 
 
 As it may hereafter he necessary to erect works for the defence of 
 some of the new settlements now forming in Nova Scotia, I recommend 
 it to you to make application to the Governor for a reservation of such 
 lands as may he judged proper for that purpose, for the security of the 
 province in general, as well as for the erection of such buildings and 
 Store houses, as are necessary thereto. 
 
 You will please to order the usual bounty of Two hundred days Bate, 
 Baggage, and Forage money, to he issued to such of the German troops 
 as are embarked, and to such of them as may hereafter embark from your 
 districts. I am. Sir, 
 
 your most obedient and 
 
 most humble servant 
 
 Guy Carleton. 
 
 Fort Howe, River St. John’s, 23rd July, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—Please to pay William Hazen Esq. or his order six pounds ten 
 shillings Nova Scotia Currency, it being for thirteen days hire of the 
 Schooner Sea-Flaw for the purpose of conveying the Agents for His 
 Majesty’s Provincial Regiments up the River St. John’s thirteen days at 
 ten shillings per day. 
 
 Edward Winslow, for himself & the other Agents. 
 Roger Johnson, Esq., 
 
 Commissary &c., Halifax. 
 
 Halifax 27 August 1783. 
 
 Ree’d the above sum of Edward Winslow Esq. 
 
 £6, 10,— Wm. Hazen. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Fort Howe, River St. John’s, 23rd July, 1783. 
 
 My dear Chip,—I yesterday evening arrived at this place after the 
 most agreeable tour I ever had in my life. Barclay, Allen and a number 
 of young Bucks and myself have explored this grand river one hundred 
 and twenty miles from its mouth and we have returned delighted beyond 
 expression. I must defer a minute description until I have rested myself 
 and have more leisure. Your letter which I have this moment received 
 
110 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 has caused a kind of agitation which I cannot describe. Had I received 
 a message from the Great Ruler of the World allowing me to chuse an 
 employment (at this critical time) I should have pointed out the very 
 cne my friends have so kindly provided for me.* I am now preparing 
 to embark in a Boat to cross the Bay of Fundy, where horses are ready 
 for me to proceed immediately to Halifax. Assure yourself my dear 
 Chip that I will exert myself most _ capitally on this occasion. From 
 Halifax you shall hear particularly. I am forever indebted to Judge 
 Ludlow and those other of my friends who have interested themselves so 
 materially for me. I cannot tell you in this haste how important I con¬ 
 sider it. Thank Townsend for the service and accept my best acknow¬ 
 ledgements for the things sent by Ryerson. I shall he obliged to leave 
 
 P- and the little ones at Annapolis, ’tis a consolation indeed that I 
 
 can leave ’em comfortable. 
 
 What millions of things crowd on my mind to say to you. Suspend 
 your curiosity till I arrive at Halifax. 
 
 Most fervently & affect’ly, Yours, 
 
 Ned. 
 
 P. S. Left your letter to write my Dad, hut am summoned to em¬ 
 bark this minute. Say all that is necessary. 
 
 Governor Parr to Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 Shelburne, 25th July, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I have the honor to inform your Excellency of my arrival here 
 (late Port Roseway) in the Sophia Frigate and that I have named the 
 town and district, Shelburne. From every appearance I have not a doubt 
 but that it will in a short time become the most flourishing Town for 
 trade of any in this part of the World, and the country will for agri¬ 
 culture. For any particulars that your Excellency may wish to know 
 I refer you to the bearer Mr. Robertson. 
 
 I did myself the honor to write to you by the “Lucerne” expressing 
 my sentiments relative to the number of Loyalists intending to go to 
 the River St. Johns. I greatly fear the soil and fertility of that part 
 of this province is overrated by people who have explored it partially. I 
 wish it may turn out otherwise, but have my fears that there is scarce 
 good land enough for them already sent there. If all the Provincial 
 Corps go, am certain there will not, which was the reason for my recom¬ 
 mending the eastern side of the St. Croix River to your Excellency. 
 
 I have the honour to be with great esteem 
 
 Your Excellency’s most obedient 
 humble servant, 
 
 His Excellency, Sir Guy Carleton. J. Parr. 
 
 *As military secretary to General Fox, the newly appointed commander in 
 chief of the forces in Nova Scotia. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 July 29th, 1783. 
 
 Dear Ned,—I this moment learn that Colonel Morse* embarks in 
 an hour for Halifax, and as it is now within half an hour of dinner time, 
 I shall only be able to write a few lines. I am anxious beyond measure 
 to know if my letters relative to your connection with General Fox as 
 his Secretary arrived in season. The evening before he sailed he wrote 
 me a note to know if I had received an answer to my letter to you on 
 that subject. I told him I had written fully to you but had received no 
 answer as there had been no arrivals from that part of the country 
 where you was since my letter could have reached you. Dont fail to let 
 me know by the first opportunity how the matter terminates, I told the 
 General I did not doubt the proposal would be agreeable to you. 
 
 It’s now next to a certainty almost that we shall be all away from 
 here this fall: I cannot yet determine which way to steer, much will 
 depend upon the intelligence I receive from you and your advice. Should 
 Sir Guy go to Nova Scotia I shall inevitably go there too, or if I am 
 like to forfeit any considerable advantage by not being there this winter 
 I certainly will go. Few, very few, will remain here, Nova Scotia is the 
 rage, petitions are daily going in from very respectable people to the 
 Commander in Chief for lands, &c. Blowers with his fa mil y mean to 
 embark in the course of the next month for Halifax, and I think it very 
 probable your father and family will go with him. Your mother is arrived 
 and in health and spirits as indeed they all are. 
 
 Keep a look out for me with respect to lands if you can and let 
 me know what is to be done on my part. To have as many strings to 
 my Bow as I could I have signed a petition with Col. Willard and others 
 to the Corner in Chief, t My anxiety increases every day, all business 
 being at an end, I find myself running behind hand very fast every day, 
 
 ♦Colonel Robert Morse of the Royal Engineers is here referred to. His well 
 known report on Nova Scotia in 1783 is printed in the Canadian Archives for 
 the year 1884. 
 
 f Ward Chipman thus became one of the celebrated “Fifty-five” petitioners 
 for lands in Nova Scotia. (See Sabine’s Loyalists under name of Abijah Will¬ 
 ard; also an anonymous political tract, of which a few copies are extant, print¬ 
 ed at London, 1784). Chipman soon afterwards disassociated himself from the 
 company. See his letter under date 3rd August, 1783, in this book. Colonel 
 Abijah Willard was of Lancaster, Mass. He settled near Carleton and gave 
 the name of Lancaster to the parish in which he resided. He was a member of 
 the first council of the province. He died in 1789 at the age of 67 years, and his 
 family returned to Massachusetts. The “Fifty-five” claimed that they were 
 justly entitled to the same allowance as field officers, viz., 5,000 acres each, in 
 consideration of their special services and the dignity or importance of their 
 former positions in society. The other Loyalists at New York strongly resented 
 the claim for special consideration advanced by the “Fifty-five,” and considered 
 their action both ungenerous and unfair, and in consequence of their protests 
 the scheme fell through. 
 
112 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 for my d-d mode of living is as expensive as ever. You distressed 
 
 me very much by the account you gave me of my dear boy Chip—God 
 grant your fears may have proved groundless. Let me know how it has 
 fared with him and how Pop with the other dear little ones makes out. 
 Kiss them all for me. 
 
 We have no news, no definitive treaty yet. I shall write you tomor¬ 
 row via St. John's. 
 
 Adieu, Yours most affectionately, 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Brigadier General Fox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sir,—I suppose you have received Mr. Chippeham’s [Chipman’s] 
 Letter from 1ST. York on the subject I take the Liberty of writing to you 
 upon. I should be happy to hear by the first opportunity if the proposal 
 is agreeable to you, as I most sincerely wish it may suit your views. 
 
 I should not have taken the Liberty of proposing such a thing to 
 you had not your acquaintance, Judge Ludlow, assured me you would not 
 be offended at the Liberty I have taken in making the offer of the ap¬ 
 pointment of Secretary to me as Commanding Officer of the Troops in 
 N. Scotia. Col. De Lancey has promised to forward this by the first 
 opportunity. 
 
 I am Sir 
 
 Your most obedient Humble Servant, 
 
 H. E. Fox. 
 
 Halifax, July 31st, 1783. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, Saturday 2d Aug’t, 1783. 
 
 My dear good fellow,—Last Saturday I left the River St. John’s and 
 crossed the Bay of Fundy and at Annapolis took horse and yesterday 
 arrived at this place. I am amply paid for all the fatigues and dangers 
 which I have experienced by the polite reception I met with from Gen. 
 Fox. On Tuesday or Wednesday next Gen’l Paterson embarks for Eng¬ 
 land and then I shall engage in my new business. 
 
 When I received your letter I had just returned from a kind of cam¬ 
 paign that would have added a few wrinkles to any man’s face, and God 
 knows rest and refreshment would have been very pleasant, but the fear 
 of a possibility that my absence would have been prejudicial, induced me 
 to exert every nerve and I cannot express to You how excessively I was 
 gratify’d at being only 24 hours after the General. Barclay (who knows 
 every circumstance of the matter) will communicate all you wish to know. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 113 
 
 I am sensible how far your curiosity extends in matters that relate to me 
 and I would indulge it if I could by this opportunity, but Barclay has 
 been summoned from Capt. Tryers’, where we dined, to embark imme¬ 
 diately. As I am now becoming a sedentary man, you may depend on 
 my commencing an old fashioned history which I shall forward by the 
 next conveyance. 
 
 I cannot describe to you my distress at an event which has taken 
 place in my family. I doubt whether I would not be lessened in your 
 opinion was I to tell you in what manner it has affected me — the poor 
 little fellow. [He probably refers to the death of his little boy “Chip.”] 
 
 I have reconciled Polly in som,e degree to my absence. She is more 
 comfortably situated than she ever was before. William (Quarter Master, 
 formerly Thompson’s Groom) superintends all the business at Granville. 
 Polly has two cows, which I bought, and from which she makes all her 
 butter, &e. “Silk” continues with her and Prank and little George; and 
 under the management of William they do very well. Presley (Thomp¬ 
 son’s orderly man) is with me and a very valuable fellow. The place I 
 have hired has been cultivated in such a stile as to ensure us more hay 
 and vegetables than we can possible use. In short Chip for many years 
 past I have not felt myself so free from chagrin so rationally happy, or 
 whatever el^e you have a mind to call it, as now. My appointment I 
 believe has given as much pleasure to the people here perhaps as ever 
 such an event did for reasons which Barclay will tell you. 
 
 I shall follow your rules lay’d down in your letter — rely on’t I will 
 be industrious and prudent, the last I acknowledge will be the most 
 arduous task but I am equal even to that. Barclay will pay you twelve 
 guineas, and he means to make a serious application to the Commander 
 in Chief for a sum to reimburse Delancey, himself and me for our ex¬ 
 penses in the agency for the Provincial Regiments. If he acquires 
 anything, and I presume he will, I have requested him to pay my propor¬ 
 tion to you. I wrote you to send me clothes — if you have not engaged 
 ’em you need not do it. I find I can get ’em here as cheap as at York — 
 only supply the girls with some linen, my kit is in bad condition. 
 
 I shall not write the old gentleman, you are possessed of every 
 necessary fact respecting me, and I have requested Barclay to see him 
 instantly after his arrival. 
 
 I suppose that my subsistence will be paid for one more period, and 
 that you will pay yourself for such matters as I have been supplied with 
 since I left you. 
 
 I know not where to leave off — my different tours have been very 
 expensive, but I have scuttled thro’ like an old soldier, and I begin to 
 value myself upon such maneuvres, possibly I may one day do other 
 
114 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 make an attempt to save a little money. I know that T. Coffin, Fred 
 Philips and yourself sneer at the idea — Laugh and be hanged, I’ll try. 
 
 I am anxiously expecting the arrival of Colonel Fanning here. Is 
 it not possible my dear Chip that a collection of us (consequential men) 
 may have it in our power to coax you by some means to join us here ? 
 What can induce you? This is a matter in which I feel myself so deeply, 
 very deeply interested, that I cannot write dispassionately—but we are 
 enterprising people—may not something he effected? 
 
 Adieu, 
 
 Almighty God bless you, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Kev. Jonathan. Odell* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, Aug. 3rd, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I have been recently feasted with communications of Ex¬ 
 tracts from your letters to Major TJpham and Mr. Chipman, and having 
 paid them in thanks, which you know is orthodox clerical coin, for the 
 pleasure they have afforded me, I now seize the moment while Chip’s 
 dinner is waiting for a Guest more tardy than myself to make a tender of 
 the same tribute to you. I am very happy to find from your description 
 of “a prospect” to which a way has been cut by such herculean exertions, 
 my own prospects eventually brightening in the hope that I too, with 
 Friend Chipman, may ere long have a comfortable habitation in your new 
 planned Town, where I shall hope a spark of your fire will also awaken me 
 to feel that noble enthusiasm which looks with disdain on all former 
 objects of description—the mere spurts of small beer and such like diuretic 
 drippings. I have further to acknowledge your excellent Newtonian dis¬ 
 covery—never sure did the Hon’ble Major [Hanger] dream of such fortune 
 awaiting his former attendant, secured it seems by your oracular response 
 to the Lady’s inquiry, j 
 
 But dinner waits. God bless you, I have written a hasty line to Major 
 
 *Rev Jonathan Odell was a man of many parts. It is said that “he com¬ 
 menced doctor of physic.” He was born in Newark, New Jersey, September 25, 
 1737, and was for a time preceptor there. He was ordained by the Bishop of 
 London in 1766. He was in charge of the church at Burlington, N. J., when the 
 Revolution began. In 1777 he was gazetted chaplain of the Pennsylvania Loy¬ 
 alists, but was transferred to the King’s American Dragoons upon the organ¬ 
 ization of that corps. He was a protege of Sir Guy Carleton, and became his 
 private secretary, and through his influence was appointed provincial secretary 
 on the formation of the province of New Brunswick in 1783. The office descend¬ 
 ed to his son, the Hon. W. F. Odell, who held it for 32 years. The father, after 
 coming to Fredericton, is believed to have occasionally officiated in the capacity 
 of a clergyman. He was called the Honorable and Reverend Jonathan Odell. 
 He was quite a clever writer, and composed many bits of poetry. He was the 
 intimate friend of Winslow and Chipman. 
 fSee under date 7th July, 1783. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 115 
 
 Murray—you are my Guardians, and I am sure you will provide for me. 
 If you lose the game at all fours let not the inference he “we will have no 
 church,”* rather let the Church he destined, if it cannot he a house of 
 prayer, to accommodate with a Dwelling—Your affectionate Friend & 
 h’ble Serv’t, 
 
 Jon. Odell. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York 3d Augt. 1783. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—I wrote you largely the day before yesterday, hut as 
 an opportunity offers for St. John’s tomorrow hy Stephen Skinnert I will 
 not omit it, tho’ nothing of consequence occurs to write about. The 
 committee, or rather Agents, appointed hy those gentlemen who have 
 lately applied to the Commander in Chief for lands in Nova Scotia go in 
 the ship which sails tomorrow, t I signed the Petition hut have since 
 found several names upon the list which do not comport with my ideas of 
 the business at all. I shall of course decline any further concern in the 
 matter relying upon your having it in your power to provide much better 
 for me in your arrangements than can he done in any other way. Our 
 friend Tom Bannister || is upon the list, he subscribes the power of agency 
 and pays his 3 guineas to defray the expences of the agents in negotiating 
 the business for the Company. If it is practicable to have me included 
 for a tract or lot or share or whatever it is called, among those that will 
 be of your party, don’t forget me. I should admire a very romantic, 
 grand-water-river-falls-lake-prospect with a good cold spring of water near 
 my house. I shall be very anxious till I know the result of the proposal 
 relative to General Fox, as I am more and more uneasy that so much was 
 said to him on the subject, tho’ it was absolutely necessary, unless the 
 matter was given up altogether, and I wished it might be in your option 
 to undertake it if your situation and interest rendered it eligible. 
 
 The month of August is arrived and everything here wears the same 
 
 ♦See letter of Edward Winslow to Joshua Upham, written in July, 1783. 
 
 fBrother of Brigadier General Cortlandt Skinner of New Jersey. 
 
 + The agents for the "Fifty-five” were Rev. John Sayre, Philip J. Livingston, 
 and Nathaniel Chandler. They arrived at Annapolis Royal August 17, 1783, and 
 their proceedings are recorded in a very scarce and interesting pamphlet, of 
 which a copy is in possession of the writer of these notes. Rev. John Sayre 
 went to St. John, and Livingston and Chandler thereupon associated with them 
 Stephen Skinner, who was one of the “Fifty-five,” and proceeded to Halifax. 
 The governor demurred to granting so large a tract as 5,000 acres to each in¬ 
 dividual of the company. Delay ensued. Sir Guy Carleton declined to counten¬ 
 ance the project, and in the end it was a complete failure. 
 
 || Thomas Bannister belonged to Rhode Island. He saw some service under 
 Daniel Murray in Wentworth’s Volunteers. He was a magistrate at Wey¬ 
 mouth, N, S., in 1785. 
 
116 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1783 
 
 appearance as it did three months ago, except that now and then a Hessian 
 regiment embarks for Europe. One of these goes on board Capt. Humble 
 in a few days to his great mortification, he wished to go back again to St. 
 John’s. 
 
 I wrote to you fully in my last my opinion respecting your Father’s 
 movements; he means to consult Mr. Watson and his other friends, their 
 opinion with your next letters will ultimately decide him. He dines with 
 me to-day with Barclay and a few friends. I wish you could take a glass 
 with us of the last bottle of Thompson’s that I have. 
 
 Opinions are various respecting the evacuation of this place, tho’ I 
 have little doubt myself that it will be soon. No magazines of fuel or 
 forage are providing for the winter—the whole army is encamping from 
 Newton across to Denys’s* as if to he in readiness to embark at a moment’s 
 warning. I imagine we shall he hurried off as soon as the definitive treaty 
 arrives. 
 
 Whenever your scheme of a separate government at St. John’s is ripe 
 for execution I shall be ready to embark in the business. I think if the 
 present illiberal policy in the United States continues, that must soon 
 become a very valuable and important country, and one may then I think 
 stand a chance to be foremost in some line or other. 
 
 Dr. Bailey goes to England this fall. Blowers to Halifax immediately. 
 By the way, Miss Kent! is now very ill, I think she must die. You will I 
 think see all your friends at Halifax next winter. My movements are not 
 yet absolutely determined on tho’ I think Halifax will bring me up. 
 Remember me particularly to Murray and the rest of my friends with 
 you— 
 
 Adieu. Yours most faithfully, 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Lt. Col. Isaac xALlen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Wilmot,| August 7th, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I congratulate you on the arrival of General Fox and hope 
 your situation will be as profitable to yourself as I am sure it will be advan¬ 
 tageous to your Friends and all distressed Loyalists. Delancey tells me 
 you have relinquished all the Province to the Refugees except the Lands 
 
 ♦Newton was a village a little to the east of Brooklyn, on Long Island, and 
 Deny’s, in the same vicinity, was a place where the Loyalist regiments frequent¬ 
 ly encamped and were mustered by Colonel Winslow. 
 
 tMiss Kent was a daughter of Benjamin Kent and a sister of Mrs. Sampson 
 Salter Blowers. She lived with Chief Justice Blowers and her sister at Halifax. 
 
 JWilmot, in Annapolis County, offered an asylum to a number of Loyalists 
 of merit, among them General Timothy Ruggles. Lieut. Col. Allen’s stay there 
 was but brief. Lands were surveyed here for the elder Edward Winslow by 
 direction of Hon. Charles Morris, the surveyor general of Nova Scotia. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 117 
 
 1783] 
 
 above Sunbury. I must therefore on behalf of myself and the ladds I have 
 settled on Kennebekasius* beg your assistance to have that land confirmed 
 to me. The state of the ease is this; Doctor Prince about 12 months ago 
 obtained a Promise from Sir Andrew Hammondf for five thousand acres, 
 which was surveyed at his request and expence but not regularly returned 
 in the office nor any Patent taken out. Upon my arrival at St. John’s 
 the Doctor proposed to convey me three thousand of the five upon my 
 promising ten settlers, which I immediately did and have been at the 
 trouble and expence of having the lands divided and the men have built, 
 and cleared part of the lands. Doctor Prince was so mortified at the loss 
 of Musquash Cove that he did not chuse to ask any favor of the Governor, 
 but wished Bliss and Major Murray to come in for two thousand acres, the 
 residue of the Tract. I think this tract worth attending to and as I find 
 many are making applications for private Grants you will have no diffi¬ 
 culty in procuring this when it is considered that I have been at consider¬ 
 able expence in getting the lands surveyed and settled, and that at the 
 time I entered into the scheme with Doctor Prince I could have no idea 
 it would interfere with the interest of Provincials or Refugees. 
 
 Major Barclay, in a letter to Robinson, mentioned that application is 
 made for lands in this town. Whether this Grant is solicited for Provin¬ 
 cial officers in general or for individuals I know not. If it should be for 
 individuals I should be glad to have two thousand acres here and would 
 recommend it to you to get a proportion of your lands here as I think the 
 lands equal to any high lands we saw at St. John’s. Inclosed I send you 
 the names of the Menf settled on the lands at Kennebekasius, so that we 
 must be charged with only three thousand acres of this Tract and the men 
 with two hundred each. I hope you will think with me that this business 
 is worth attending to when I assure you that the lands are equal in Quality 
 to Mauger-Ville and not so subject to the Freshet. If Bliss should decline 
 having a part of this land there will be three lots, which will give Murray, 
 you and myself a thousand each, and they will be more valuable as I have 
 ten excellent Farmers upon them. 
 
 Pray let me hear from you as soon as possible and inform me whether 
 
 *Lieut. Col. Isaac Allen, with others, obtained a grant of 14,000 acres on the 
 Kennebeccasis river, including in its limits the present village of Sussex. The 
 grant was dated July 6, 1784. It was afterwards relinquished in consideration 
 of a grant of lands elsewhere. 
 
 fSir Andrew Snape Hammond’s grant of 10,000 acres on the south side of 
 the Kennebeccasis, in the vicinity of Hammond River, was made on Dec. 23, 
 1782. The grant was escheated and the land regranted to bona fide settlers. 
 
 jThe names enclosed were as follows: Ruloff Ruloffson, Jonathan Thatcher, 
 Albert Burdan, Ezekiel Crozier, Peter Snyder, Joseph Parks, Oliver Frazer, 
 Abner Sharp, Cornelius Anderson, Daniel Insley (Ansley). These men belonged 
 to the New Jersey Volunteers, and many of their descendants are living in 
 Kings County today. 
 
118 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 you are like to succeed or no; if you should succeed for the Lands on 
 Kennebekasius pray write a line to Sergeant Major Ruloffson, who is now 
 there, informing hi m of it as they are now in suspense and will not proceed 
 in improving as fast as I could wish. I make no apology for this tedious 
 letter, as I know the pleasure you will have in obliging your friend Murray 
 and myself will he superior to the trouble of reading the letter or soliciting 
 the business. 
 
 I am still afflicted with the complaint you left me with. I fear I shall 
 never get clear of it. I expect to sail for [New] York in a few days and 
 shall he happy to execute your commands there. I am with great truth. 
 Your Friend & Hum. Serv’t, 
 
 I. Allen. 
 
 [P. S.] Our friend Hazen knows where these men live: you had 
 better write to him, if you succeed, who will inform them. I have no 
 better Paper. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Major Murray. 
 
 Halifax 8th August, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—It having been represented to Brigadier General Fox that the 
 King’s American Dragoons under your command cannot he enhutted at 
 the place where they are at present encamped* without inconvenience to 
 the great number of Loyalists who are forming settlements at the mouth 
 of the Eiver St. John’s, and he being also informed that His Excellency 
 the Governor of this Province has assigned a certain tract of land for the 
 accommodation of the Provincial Regiments on the River St. John’s begin¬ 
 ning at the eastern t boundaries of the Townships of Sunbury and New¬ 
 town and extending up the river, I am directed to acquaint you that you 
 have Brigadier General Fox’s permission to remove the King’s American 
 Dragoons to that part of the District which has been allotted to the regi¬ 
 ment by the agents for locating lands for His Majesty’s Provincial Forces. 
 And as the procuring the Timber and many other articles necessary for 
 erecting the Huts will at the same time facilitate the clearing the Land 
 and in other respects be beneficial to property which is assigned to the 
 Regiment, it is the General’s idea that the Huts may he built without any 
 public expence. Lieutenant Colonel Morse, Chief Engineer, will (in con¬ 
 sideration that your regiment may he exposed to peculiar inconveniences 
 
 *The place of encampment seems to have been in Carleton, on the west side 
 of St. John harbor. The regiment was sent up the river to Prince William and 
 there disbanded, a step which was approved by Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 fThere is evidently a mistake here. For “Eastern” read “Western.” The 
 township of Newtown was opposite Fredericton; the township of Sunbury in¬ 
 cluded the site of Fredericton and nearly all the parish of Kingsclear. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEKS. 
 
 119 
 
 from being the first who are ordered to lint on the River St. John’s) 
 forward to you such articles as he apprehends cannot be procured at that 
 place. 
 
 I have the honor to be &c, &c. 
 
 Edward Winslow, Secretary. 
 
 Brigadier General Fox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [August, 1783.] 
 
 D’r Sir,—I am to go tomorrow morning with Col. Morse to the Gov- 
 emour before Ten O’Clock about the business I mentioned to you as I was 
 dressing. I wish to talk to you on the Subject before I go as the more I 
 think of it the more I think sending Troops might produce the most 
 ruinous consequence; at the same time not only my instructions but my 
 real desire would be to attend to every wish and opinion of the Govemour’s, 
 and even yield obedience to his orders as Governour where I did not com¬ 
 mit myself or prejudice the service, 
 
 Yours most sincerely 
 
 H. E. Fox. 
 
 Thursday night. 
 
 [P. S.] Be so good as to bring Capt. Studholme’s Letters with you. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chi pm an. 
 
 Halifax, 9 th August, 1783. 
 
 My dear Chip,—I now commence my operations in the writing way 
 which will be continued every hour when I have leisure until an oppor¬ 
 tunity offers for [Hew] York. The first subject which engages my atten¬ 
 tion is of course my own money matters. You will find by the acc’t. 
 inclosed that I have expended a large sum in the business of Agent for 
 the Provincial Regiments—this sum Barclay assured me he would apply 
 to the Commander in Chief to reimburse. Should be fail (which I cannot 
 suppose) I have no doubt the regiments who empowered me specially will 
 answer for my proportion, as I have certainly succeeded (I flatter myself) 
 beyond what they could expect. But should the public wish to cheat me, 
 and those regiments want gratitude (both which may happen) Barclay is 
 under engagements to pay one half of the sums due to the Express, to 
 Eason, and for the vessel, the whole of which is £19,10—his half £9,15 
 Halifax currency. 
 
 * * 15th August—I intended, my dear Chip, to have bored 
 
 you with a very lengthy epistle—many are the disappointments of the 
 righteous, &c. A vessel is ordered to depart tomorrow morning and my 
 official business obliges me to neglect everything else. If you want to 
 
120 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 fl783 
 
 name a pattern of industry and temperance you cannot hit the mark so 
 perfectly as E. W. I only wish that some man of observation was to 
 remove from this to [New] York to do justice to my exertions* hut more 
 of this in future. 
 
 Never was a set of men so completely in the dark as those of this 
 Garrison—it is yet so doubtful whether you are to leave [New] York this 
 winter or not, that one cannot determine what to do or how to advise one’s 
 friends. I have very few. I am not so seriously concerned about any 
 man on the face of the earth as about yourself. Accustomed as I am to 
 dashing, bustling, staring poverty in the face, dodging it and laughing at 
 it, I don’t care a condemn about myself—hut you who have taken so much 
 pains to acquire professional knowledge descend with great reluctance one 
 single step from the finale, and you cannot reconcile j^ourself to anything 
 on a small scale. If necessity should bring you to this province I do really 
 
 * Among the matters that obliged Winslow to exert himself was that of provid¬ 
 ing places of settlement for his old military comrades. The following are samples of 
 the powers of attorney entrusted to him as agent for the provincial regiments. 
 
 “ I, the subscriber, hereby authorize and empower Edward Winslow, Esq., 
 “ nmster master general of provincial forces, to obtain grants and locate land 
 “ in Nova Scotia for the Queen’s Rangers agreeable to the annexed return. 
 
 “ (Signed) R. ARMSTRONG, Major Q. R. 
 
 “ New York, April ye 15th, 1783. 
 
 “ Return of officers, non-commissioned officers, privates, women and chil- 
 “ dren for lands in Nova Scotia. His Majesty’s corps of Queen’s Rangers:— 
 
 Lieut-Colonel 
 
 1 Commanding. 
 
 | Major. 
 
 j Captains. 
 
 j Lieutenants. 
 
 I Cornets and 
 
 I Ensigns. 
 
 j Chaplain. 
 
 Quarter Master 
 Infantry. 
 
 Quarter Master 
 Cavalry. 
 
 | Surgeon. 
 
 Surgeon’s 
 
 Mate. 
 
 OB 
 
 "3 
 
 C3 
 
 Corporals., 
 
 Trumpeters 
 and Drummers. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 Women. 
 
 Children. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 > 1 
 
 41 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 305 
 
 60 
 
 70 
 
 575 
 
 “ I, the subscriber, hereby authorize and empower Edward Winslow, Esq., 
 “ muster master general of provincial forces, to obtain grants and locate lands 
 “ in Nova Scotia for the second battalion of DeLancey’s brigade, agreable to 
 “ the annexed return. 
 
 “ (Signed) G. G. LUDLOW, Col. 
 
 “ New York, April 12, 1783.” 
 
 “ A return of officers, men, women and children of the second battalion of 
 “ DeLancey’s brigade that have agreed to settle in Nova Scotia:— 
 
 j Colonel. 
 
 j Lieut-Colonel. 
 
 | Major. 
 
 | Captains 
 
 | Subalterns. 
 
 j Quarter 
 
 1 Master. 
 
 Doctor. 
 
 Mate. 
 
 a 
 
 ! 
 
 eS 
 
 | Serjeants. 
 
 | Corporals. 
 
 Drummers. 
 
 Privates. 
 
 8 
 
 i 
 
 Children. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Men.238 
 
 Women.49 
 
 Children... .71 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 14 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 | 22 1 21 
 
 7 1 160 
 
 49 
 
 71 
 
 358 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 121 
 
 think that a man of spirit and abilities might get as comfortable a living 
 as the climate and the society will admit, and—strange as it may appear— 
 I aver that in my present situation it is as much in my power to assist my 
 friends as any one man in the province of Nova Scotia. You never did 
 me so important a service as by forwarding my present appointment. I 
 have not time nor words to express the satisfaction I have and expect to 
 enjoy in my present connection. 
 
 Fm summoned. I did not intend that my duty to my General or 
 any other duty should prevent me from performing my first of duties, to my 
 Father, but I can’t add another word, only that I shall set out with General 
 Fox for Annapolis and the Eiver St. John’s next week, and that I am 
 invariably 
 
 & extremely Yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Dr. Adino Paddock to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Camp Manawauganish,* 12 August, 1783. 
 
 D’r Sir,—I have this moment heard of Mr. Hazen’s intended depart¬ 
 ure for Halifax. The Major [Murray] has just got down the river. He 
 is in raptures with it. We shall all move up in about a fortnight—the 
 sooner the better I think, as Hutting in this country is a serious piece of 
 business. There is a report that troops are coming here. If there are 
 detachments from different corps that will justify an appointment [of 
 Surgeon] to the post, I know that your attention is such that I may 
 expect not to be overlooked, tho’ of so diminutive a size. 
 
 Poor ISTaset is distracted about Major Coffin. We have a report by 
 Campbell that he is killed;]: for God’s sake let us know if it is true. I 
 hope not. His house is raised. Ha se is very industrious. I hope Gen’l 
 Fox has arrived and that you meet with every wish & pleasure your heart 
 can desire. There is a fleet expected every moment from [Hew] York. 
 Capt. Stewart|| of our corps is said to be in it. You cannot expect any 
 ISews from this remote Comer—from you we expect everything. When 
 sha ll w e hear from the Colonel ?§ God grant him his senses. If FultonH is 
 
 ♦The encampment of the King’s American Dragoons. It was probably on 
 the. heights back of Carleton, on the west side of the harbor of St. John. The 
 vicinity is yet known as “Mahogany,” a corruption of Manawagonish. 
 
 f Ensign Henry Nase of the King’s American Regiment. He joined the 
 corps at Kingsbridge in 1776, and served through the war. In 1783 he settled 
 at Westfield, Kings Co., N. B., and was an active and useful citizen. He was 
 a magistrate, a lieutenant colonel of militia, deputy surrogate and an active 
 churchman. He died in 1836 at the age of 84 years. 
 
 JThis report proved to be untrue. 
 
 ||Captain William Stewant of the King’s American Dragoons. 
 
 § Colonel Benjamin Thompson. 
 
 fCaptain James Pulton, a native of New Hampshire, one of the organizers 
 of the King’s American Dragoons under Lieut. Col. Thompson. He went to 
 Halifax in 1783. Died in Nova Scotia in 1826. 
 
122 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1783 
 
 there let him know he has the prayers of every one for a safe and speedy 
 return. 
 
 The Gentlemen are all well and desire their compliments. If you 
 should honor me with a line address it to the Care of Wm. Tyng* Esq’r. 
 
 I have the honor to he Sir, 
 
 Your very much obliged friend and Hum. serv. 
 
 A. Paddock. 
 
 Brig. General Fox to Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 Halifax 15th August, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I have the honor to inform your Excellency that on the 6th 
 Instant, Major General Paterson embarked for Great Britain in His Maj¬ 
 esty’s Ship Magicienne, under whose convoy were a number of ships 
 carrying the whole of the German Troops from this province. Brigadier 
 General Campbell embarked on the same day for Hew York and I took 
 upon me the Command of His Majesty’s Troops in this District. 
 
 I immediately communicated to Governor Parr your Excellency’s 
 Instruction relative to sending troops to Port Boseway, and it was the 
 Governor’s opinion “that from the present good disposition of the Inhabi¬ 
 tants, it was not expedient to send troops there at this time.” I also made 
 application to the Governor for a reservation of such Lands in the new 
 settlements now forming in this Province as may he necessary for public 
 purposes, and I was favored with His Excellency’s assurances “that such 
 Reservations should he made in all instances.” 
 
 A list of the several Departments in Nova Scotia is herewith inclosed. 
 I have endeavoured to reduce them as low as the nature of the service will 
 admit. The department of Commissary of Prisoners is discontinued agre- 
 able to your Excellency’s order, and as your Excellency has given leave 
 for Mr. Winslow, Muster Master General of Provincials to reside at Hali¬ 
 fax, I thought it unnecessary to continue Major Skinner and his Deputy 
 here. 
 
 I have ordered the allowance of Rum to Working Parties to he reduced 
 to a gill per man (it having been formerly the practice here to allow half 
 a pint) and I have directed that the Commissioned Officers shall receive 
 
 *Colonel William Tyng was at one time sheriff of Cumberland County, in 
 Maine. He was born in Boston in 1737. He was commissioned a colonel by 
 General Gage in 1774. He was a commissary at New York during the war, and 
 was sent to St. John at the peaec in 1783 to act ah commissary and agent for 
 the Loyalists, an office he filled to their satisfaction. He was one of the direc¬ 
 tors in allotting grants at Parr Town to the Loyalists. The street now called 
 Princess street was at first known as Tyng street. Colonel Tyng retired to 
 Gagetown about 1785 and was sheriff of Queens County. Later he returned to 
 the United States and died near Portland, Maine, in 1807, aged 70 years. Lor¬ 
 enzo Sabine in his Loyalists of the American Revolution eulogizes Col. Tyng. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Spruce-Beer in lieu of Rum (which, hitherto has not been the custom in 
 this Garrison). I have also found it necessary to make some regulations 
 in the Issues of Fuel, which I have communicated to Mr. Watson. 
 
 On a representation made to me that the King’s American Dragoons 
 could not be hutted where they are at present encamped without material 
 inconvenience to the great number of Loyalists who are forming settle¬ 
 ments at the mouth of the River Saint-John’s; and having been also 
 informed that the Governor has assigned a Tract of Land for the accom¬ 
 modation of the Provincial Regiments, I thought it advisable, after con¬ 
 sulting the Governor, to send the Regiment to that Ground, which is about 
 one hundred miles up the River St. John’s, and I gave notice to major 
 Murray, “That as the procuring the Timber and many other articles 
 necessary for erecting the Hutts will at the same time facilitate the clearing 
 the Land and be other ways beneficial to the property which is assigned to 
 the Regiment, it was my idea that the Hutts should be built without any 
 public expence.” 
 
 I inclose to the Adjutant General the returns to the 1st August, I also 
 take the liberty of forwarding a memorial from the Honorable Forster 
 Hutchinson, Esq’r, one of His Majesty’s Council for the Province of Massa¬ 
 chusetts Bay and Brother of the late Governor. This is a Gentleman of 
 such great consideration and respectable character that I could not decline 
 making his circumstances known to your Excellency through this channel. 
 
 I must also submit to your Excellency’s consideration the copy of a 
 letter which I have this day received from His Excellency Governor Parr. 
 As the subject appeared to me of very great importance I endeavoured to 
 obtain every information in my power, and on the whole I thought it my 
 duty to observe to the Governor that the measure proposed of sending a 
 Detachment of Troops to the place pointed out in his Letter could not 
 have a tendency to settle the controversy relative to the Boundaries and 
 might in the present situation of matters be attended with very disagree¬ 
 able consequences. His Excellency the Governor has agreed to defer the 
 matter until I am favoured with particular instructions on the subject. 
 
 I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most 
 obedient and humble Servant, 
 
 H. E. Fox, Br. Gen. 
 
 Governor Parr to Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 Halifax, 15 Aug., 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I should have done myself the honour of writing to your Excel¬ 
 lency by Major Barclay, but was prevented by a severe cold in my head. 
 It was to inform you how happy it made me to find that the Provincial 
 
124 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1783 
 
 corps could be accommodated upon the River St. John near the source of 
 that River leaving the lower part to the Refugees now settled there. * 
 * * Notwithstanding the Provincial corps are settled +o their 
 
 satisfaction upon St. Johns River, I cannot avoid expressing my concern 
 that some of these corps were not set down upon the eastern side of the 
 River St. Croix, or somewhere upon the Bay of Passamaquoddy, the Fron¬ 
 tier of this Province, to resemble the cantonments of an army, agreeable 
 to your Excellency’s letter dated the 26th April. The inclosed is a pro¬ 
 posed Route to Quebec. I have not a doubt but that it will in a short 
 time be compleated with Post Houses &c. 
 
 I have the honour to be with great respect, 
 
 Your Excellency’s most obedient 
 
 and most humble servant, 
 
 J. Parr. 
 
 Major Hpham to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, Aug’t, 21, 1783. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—Your situation with General Fox has undoubtedly 
 given you an opportunity to know that the K. A. Dragoons are established 
 and will receive Half Pay when disbanded. I suppose the present will be 
 the last abstract, I mean from the 25th August—in that case I wish every 
 contingent allowance may be included. You will I am sure take care of 
 us. I hope you will make interest to be continued in your present employ¬ 
 ment when General Campbell shall take command. I must beg the favour 
 of you to forward the inclosed to. Major Murray. I wish him to send me 
 an old Rhode Island admiralty commission. 
 
 We shall all soon be with you—every body, all the World moves on 
 to Nova Scotia—Blowers &c will soon be there. God bless you—if pos¬ 
 sible. 
 
 I am most sincerely. Your friend &c., 
 
 J. IJpham. 
 
 If Murray sends you the commission pray keep it till I see you. 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton to Brig. Gen. H. E. Fox. 
 
 New York, 22d August, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I have received yours of the 6th instant. * * The 
 
 2d Battalion of the 84th Regiment and the British American corps in 
 Nova Scotia and the Island of St. Johns are to be disbanded as soon as 
 possible, for which you will please take the necessary steps. * * 
 
 The abstracts for the British American Forces are to be made up to the 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 125 
 
 day of their being disbanded, and fourteen days pay from that day without 
 deduction is to be given to each of the non commissioned officers, drum¬ 
 mers and private men. 
 
 I have ordered that a spade and an axe should he given to each Soldier 
 here, whose future mode of life may require them, on his being disbanded, 
 and you will please to order the same to be issued to each Soldier dis¬ 
 charged in Nova Scotia in like manner. * * * 
 
 The several corps should be ■ discharged as contiguous as possible to 
 the Lands on which they are to settle, for which purpose you will com¬ 
 municate with the Governor and press him not only to determine the 
 spots for each corps but that he will also expedite, as much as possible, the 
 location of lands for the Refugees on the River St. Johns, which I am 
 concerned to hear has been much delayed. As it is probable some of the 
 Refugees going from hence, notwithstanding the exertions we have made, 
 will not arrive till late in the year, you will be pleased to have the Barracks 
 and Public Stores at Annapolis put into repair for their reception, or for 
 the use of such troops as it may be necessary to send there. The British 
 American Troops from this place will be sent to the River St Johns as 
 soon as possible. * * * I enclose an extract of a letter from 
 
 the Secretary of State, which you will please to communicate to the officers 
 of the British American Corps, that they may be informed on what ground 
 they stand as to their hopes of half pay. I have no other information on 
 this subject. * * * 
 
 I am Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient and 
 
 most humble Servant, 
 
 Guy Carleton. 
 
 Adju’t. Gen. Oliver Delancey to Gen. Fox. 
 
 Adjutant GeneraFs Office, 
 
 New York, 23 Aug. 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I am directed by the Commander in Chief to inform you that 
 the King’s American Dragoons, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 
 Thompson; the Fencible American Regiment, commanded by Colonel 
 Goreham; Kings Orange Rangers, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 
 Bayard; the Kings Rangers, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Rogers, 
 and the St. John’s Volunteers,* commanded by Capt. Callbeck, are to be 
 
 *The St. John’s Volunteers were raised on the Island of St. John’s (now 
 Prince Edward Island) by Captain Philips Callbeck about February, 1777. Capt. 
 Callbeck was at one time administrator of government on the island. He was 
 carried away as a prisoner by some American marauders in the year 1775. See 
 Canadian Archives for 1895 at page 15. 
 
126 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 disbanded as soon as possible at Halifax, or snob other place in yonr pro¬ 
 vince as yon and the Governor shall think most advisable, except the 
 Kings Rangers* and St. John’s Volunteers, who probably you may think 
 it will be best to dismiss at that Island, where they are now stationed. 
 
 The 17th, 33rd, 37th, 42d, 54th, & 57th Regiments are to remain in 
 Nova Scotia under the orders of Major General Campbell. 
 
 The corps in Newfoundland commanded by Lieut. Colonel Pringle 
 is to be disbanded as soon as two companies of the 37th Regiment which 
 are to be stationed there, arrive at that place. 
 
 Enclosed I send you a copy of the General orders given out this day 
 confirming the sentence of the General Court Martial held on Lieutenant 
 Wheaton of the Nova Scotia Volunteers; and likewise a sketch of the 
 Embarkations which are to take place for your Province as soon as possible. 
 I have the honor to be, Sir, 
 
 With great respect, Your most obed’t, 
 
 Humble servant, 
 
 01. DeLancey, Adjt. GenT. 
 
 The Honb’le 
 
 Brigadier Gen’l Fox, &c, &c. 
 
 Memorial on behalf of Royal Guides and Pioneers. 
 
 To His Excellency Sir Guy Carleton, Knight of the Bath, Commander 
 in Chief, &c, &c, &c. 
 
 The memorial of Major John Aldington in behalf of himself and the 
 Regiment of Guides and Pioneers under his command, Sheweth:—That 
 this Regiment or Detachments from it have been constantly on service 
 from the year 1776 to the capitulation of York Town viz: at Danbury, in 
 the Jerseys, from the head of Elk to Philadelphia, at the reduction of 
 Forts Clinton and Montgomery, at Rhode Island and Martha’s Vineyard, 
 at the reduction of Charlestown and through the southern provinces, at 
 Cape Far with General Leslie and in Virginia with General Arnold. 
 
 That all the officers in the Regiment, with only one exception have 
 been more than six years in the service, are mostly Refugees whose proper¬ 
 ties have been confiscated and who from their Loyalty have rendered 
 themselves too obnoxious ever to return. 
 
 That not having been included in the memorial presented to your 
 
 *The King’s Rangers were raised under Colonel Robert Rogers, who had 
 previously commanded the Queen’s Rangers. He was a brave soldier, and had 
 gained quite a reputation by his services during the French war. He under¬ 
 took the organization of the King’s Rangers in May, 1779, but owing to intem¬ 
 perate habits his success was not very great. The King’s Rangers were sent 
 to Halifax in 1779, and afterwards to Prince Edward Island. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 127 
 
 Excellency in favor of the other Provincial Regiments, and understanding 
 that Lands in Nova Scotia have been promised to such as were desirous 
 of settling in that country, your memorialists therefore hope they will he 
 considered as entitled to all the advantages which may be given to the 
 other Provincial Regiments, and especially as to Lands in Nova Scotia 
 where they are very desirous of settling and of confirming their attachment 
 to their sovereign by becoming faithful and useful subjects. 
 
 John Aldington, 
 
 Major Commanding Guides & Pioneers. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 27th August, 1783. 
 
 My dear Chip,—When you cast your eye on the date of this letter 
 you will conclude that I have not much leisure to amuse myself or friends. 
 
 I really do think that the River St. John’s is the pleasantest part of 
 this country and I am sure the land is better than any I have ever seen. 
 I therefore intend to take my estate upon that river, and as I love you just 
 exactly as I do myself, I intend that you shall fare precisely as I do. When 
 I left it there had been no survey for the Provincials. Since I have arrived 
 here I have obtained an order for Murray and his regiment to take posses¬ 
 sion of a particular spot, in the neighborhood of which I am determined 
 to lay out farms for half a dozen of my friends, and when they are surveyed 
 and bounded I will apply for the Grants, and—what’s more—I will obtain 
 ’em. I am induced to do this for a thousand reasons, one of the most 
 powerful is that the regiment will assist so essentially in clearing, &c. I 
 enclose you a letter which I received from Murray, who when I left the 
 river was prejudiced against the country. You shall have a fine prospect, 
 rocks, hills, &c, and there is no fear of your having water near your house. 
 
 If you chuse to build on the Intervale your lower story will be full 
 all the spring season, which is very handy. On this tour I will settle the 
 business. 
 
 I have wrote particularly to Penny respecting my father and his 
 family. I cannot reconcile myself to their coming here. I can give you 
 no idea of the expences. If Government, will make him any allowance 
 why not spend it comfortably in England. If I must support ’em why not 
 let me do it in a country allowed to be more comfortable and infinitely 
 cheaper than this. I cannot do it here, because, altho’ I live with General 
 Fox (that is dine), pay no house rent, nothing for fuel, drink no wine (of 
 my own), hire no servants—nor anything else, I cannot if I were to suffer 
 perdition live on all the pay I can get. I shall submit to better advice, 
 but if there’s a chance of his getting a recompence, his being in England 
 is the most effectual way to it—but enough. 
 
128 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 I am vastly gratify’d my dear Chip at my situation (embarrassed as 
 my circumstances are), I am precisely on the terms with the General that 
 I could wish. In the morning the formal man of business, and be assured 
 that a more penetrating sensible man is not to be found; in the evening 
 on terms of familiarity and, I flatter myself, friendship. In short I have 
 received such marks of attention and such handsome compliments that 
 my vanity is not a little increased. If there was not now, nor never had 
 
 been any money in the world, I should do tolerably well, but the d-d 
 
 stuff always plagues me. I do not know how I get rid of it. I give none 
 away and I spend none, but I am always poorer than Lazarus. I hope you 
 will succeed in obtaining a reimbursement of the money which I have 
 expended on the business of Agent, if not I shall be very much distressed. 
 I have as yet received nothing as Secretary and until it is mentioned to 
 me, I shall not open my lips. Difficulties arose here about a paymaster of 
 contingencies, particularly in the Engineers Department. Col. Morse, who 
 has been very polite to me, proposed to the General to appoint me. I was 
 consulted and I thought he had better omit until the Commander in 
 Chief’s pleasure was known. Morse, however, urged it and the General 
 consented. It was proposed to me and I accepted it on one condition, 
 which was that I should be permitted to do the duty (till the Commander 
 in Chief had approved my appointment or appointed another) without 
 receiving any pay for it. I knew this proposal would gratify my friend— 
 it had the desired effect. I now act as sole Muster Master of Provincials, 
 Secretary to the General, and Paymaster to the Engineers and with one 
 Clerk at 5s a day I do all this business I believe to general acceptance. If 
 you come here you will find me in point of reputation what as my friend 
 you’d wish me to be. Thus circumstanced we might by laying our heads 
 together effect some substantial matters for both. I shall be monstrously 
 pleased when it comes my turn again to be of some use in the joint 
 concern. 
 
 I have this instant heard that a number of respectable Vassals, Ew¬ 
 ings, &c, have arrived at Boston and were not permitted to land. I suppose 
 they will of course return to England. I cannot help hoping that my 
 father will think that the most eligible method for himself and family. 
 This country Chip will do well enough for you and I to bustle in but it is 
 the devil for a helpless man. I think you can convince him of it. Let 
 me know what your determination is with respect to yourself and tell me 
 minutely what you wish me to do. My house here will hold two people 
 so that matter’s settled for the Apostle Paul shall not supercede you there. 
 
 I never know when to stop. Remember me affectionately to all hands. 
 
1783] WINSLOW PAPERS. 129 
 
 I have not received one line from Col. Ludlow since I was in this province. 
 I hope my friend Jack Coffin is recovered. I have great anxiety about 
 him. 
 
 Most affectionately yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Maj. Gen. Thos. Musgrave to Edward Winslow. 
 
 N. York, 30th Aug., 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I am infinitely obliged to you for your very satisfactory 
 letter of the 29th June which was only delivered to me last week. From 
 the encouragement you there give me I fear that I must be further trouble¬ 
 some to you for your assistance in getting my lands located as soon as you 
 have finished your own business and that the Governor is disposed to grant 
 them. There is a circumstance which I did not mention to you before, 
 that may perhaps he of some advantage to me in this matter. My ances¬ 
 tors were among the original Baronets of Nova Scotia* and had very large 
 tracts of land annexed to their Patent and altho’ they may have forfeited 
 their pretensions to them by not fulfilling their agreements, yet I should 
 hope they might be restored to me or at least other lands of equal good¬ 
 ness. Should you be of the same opinion and think that this will be some 
 sort of claim you of course will make it, otherwise let it drop. 
 
 Give me leave to congratulate you on your new appointment and to 
 assure you that few can feel more pleasure than myself at any good fortune 
 which may attend you or your family. There was no persuading the good 
 Old Gentleman to think of undertaking so long a voyage as that to Eng¬ 
 land, and the remaining here was by no means thought advisable, so that 
 his only alternative was to go to Nova Scotia where I hope he will arrive 
 safe and meet with every comfort his merit and situation entitle him to. 
 Irom your present employment you must be more thoroughly acquainted 
 with all arrangements than we insignificant beings here, so that I suppose 
 it needless to give you the reports we hear. GenT Bircht takes his depart¬ 
 ure on Sunday next and I have entered on his troublesome office but flatter 
 myself that it will not be for long duration, as every dispatch is making 
 for the evacuation that circumstances will admit. 
 
 *Sir William Alexander in 1621 received a grant of Acadia from King James 
 I. He obtained from Charles I. permission to create a number of baronets in 
 Nova Scotia, and 107 of these baronets were actually created during the next 
 ten years. The estates of 34 were situated in what is now New Brunswick, 15 
 were in Nova Scotia, 24 in Cape Breton and 34 in Anticosti. Baronets continued 
 to be created up to the time of the union of England and Scotland. There were 
 more than 280 in all. 
 
 fGeneral Birch was commandant of the city of New York during the greater 
 part of the Revolutionary war. He was colonel in the 17th Light Dragoons. 
 
130 WINSLOW PAPERS. . - j [1783 
 
 k » I 
 
 I shall beg to be remembered most kindly to your Chieftain and all 
 enquiring friends, and am with great truth D’r Sir, 
 
 Most sincerely yours, 
 
 Tbos. Musgrave.* 
 
 Col. Benjamin Thompson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Pall Mall Court 10th Sept. 1783. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—As you possibly have left American before this letter 
 can reach Nova Scotia I shall leave a duplicate of it for you in London. 
 
 I am just upon the eve of setting out upon my travels, and it is not 
 a small mortification to me that I shall be absent when you will arrive 
 here. I shall leave London on Sunday next, shall cross from Dover to 
 Calais, and from thence shall pass through Flanders to Strasburg, and by 
 Ulm and Munich to Vienna where I propose to winter. In the Spring I 
 shall visit Hungary, Bohemia, Saxony and the King of Prussia’s Domin¬ 
 ions, & from Berlin shall probably shape my Course towards old England, 
 which I mean to make my home. How long I shall be absent from it I 
 cannot tell. If there should be a war in any part of Europe (which does 
 not at present seem probable) I shall stay abroad longer, as I would not 
 miss such an opportunity of improving myself in my profession; but if 
 there should be nothing of that sort to detain me I shall return as soon 
 as I have satisfied my curiosity with seeing what is curious in the Northern 
 parts of Europe. My first scheme was a much wilder, or if you please, a 
 more desperate one, as you will see by my last letters, but the goodness 
 of my friends in this country has induced me to change my plan. 
 
 Lord Sackvillet has had the goodness to charge himself with the care 
 of all my affairs of every kind, both public and private, in my absence; and 
 he permits me to tell my friends that they may consider him in that light. 
 
 I have left with him all my papers, and memorandums of all my wishes 
 relative to my affairs, with full and legal powers to act for me in every¬ 
 thing. 
 
 In my last letter I took the liberty of mentioning to you my wishes 
 respecting my pecuniary concerns in your part of the Country. I have 
 now only to beg you would be so good as to take qharge of them, and that 
 you would remit to Lord Sackville any monies you may have of mine, or 
 that you may receive for me either as pay, or as payment of the Debts due 
 to me from the officers of my Regiment. You may if you please corres¬ 
 pond with me as usual, only directing your Letters to the care of Lord 
 
 ♦General Thomas Musgrave succeeded General Birch as commandant at 
 New York in 1783. His name appears among a list of officers who on Dec. 10, 
 1783, applied for lands at Prince William, on the St. John river. 
 
 f Lord Sackville is better known as Lord George Germaine. He was Lieut. 
 Col. Benjamin Thompson’s friend and patron. 
 
1783] WINSLOW PAPERS. 131 
 
 Sackville, Pall Mall, London. His Lordship will open the Letters and 
 you will get answers to them, hut it will he as well to write to Lord Sack- 
 ville directly. If you come to England you will wait upon him of course, 
 and if you dont like him very much indeed I shall be grealty disappointed. 
 I have told him that he will like you and that he would do so even were 
 you my enemy instead of being one of my best friends. It is now a long 
 time since we parted, and I have not yet had the pleasure to receive a 
 single line from you, tho’ I have wrote you whole Volumes. Pray let me 
 hear from you soon, and often. Your letters will reach me safe, wherever 
 I may be, provided you address them to the care of Lord Sackville, and 
 I will write to you through the same channel. 
 
 Remember me to all my friends in Nova Scotia, and believe me ever, 
 My Dear Winslow, 
 
 Yours most sincerely 
 
 B. Thompson. 
 
 Major Joshua Upham to Col. Winslow. 
 
 New York, Sept, 12, 1783. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—I am allowed five minutes only to write to you. I 
 beg you will use your influence that the District and Country to be settled 
 by the Provincials be erected into a County and called by the name of 
 Carleton—that the principal Town on the River St. John be called Guy.* 
 Surely no man has so effectually contributed to the settlement of that 
 Country as Sir Guy Carleton. I wish the Provincial Officers may have 
 the credit of proving the above. I submit the matter with pleasure to 
 your management; have written to Murray on the Subject. I am sure you 
 will gladly give us your Influence to effect every possible mark of gratitude 
 and respect to our best friend and most effectual Patron. 
 
 I have the honor to be dear Sir, 
 
 Your friend & humble servant, 
 
 J. Upham. 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton to Br. Gen. Fox. 
 
 New York, 12th Sept. 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I enclose a return of troops embarked for Nova Scotia. The 
 British and British American Regiments that go to the River St. John’s, 
 are commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hewlett of Delancey’s 2nd Batt. 
 who has directions, together with Capt. Prevost, Deputy Inspector General 
 of British American Forces, to disband them as soon after their arrival as 
 it can be done with convenience, but not later than the 20th of October 
 
 ♦This idea fortunately did not prevail. 
 
132 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 on which day I shall consider them all disbanded. He is directed to report 
 his proceedings to you of which you will give me the earliest information. 
 The Regiments have received a quantity of necessaries and stores at this 
 place, so that they can have no demands whatever after their arrival. 
 
 I am informed from good authority, that the people from Machias,* 
 mentioned by Governor Parr to have placed themselves on the Eastern 
 side of the River St. Croix, have withdrawn from thence, but I should 
 recommend it to the Governor to make such arrangements as will effectu¬ 
 ally secure that frontier before our Post at Penobscot is evacuated. 
 
 I am Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient and most humble servant, 
 
 Guy Carleton. 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton to Lieut. Col. Hewlett. 
 
 New York, Sept. 12, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—You are to take command of the British and British American 
 Troops mentioned in the margin, and which are to proceed to the River 
 St. John’s in the Bay of Eundy in Nova Scotia. On your arrival there 
 you will see that the stores intended for them are duly delivered, and you 
 will take such steps as shall be necessary for the several corps proceeding 
 immediately to the places alloted for their settlement, where they are to 
 be disbanded on their arrival, provided it does not exceed the 20th October, 
 on or before which day Capt. Prevost, Deputy Inspector of British Ameri¬ 
 can forces, has directions to disband them, for which purpose you will give 
 him the necessary assistance wherever you may happen to be at the time, 
 adhering strictly to the King’s Instructions published in the order of the 
 17th August last. 
 
 The disembarkation of the troops must not be delayed as the trans¬ 
 ports must return with all possible despatch. Directions have been given 
 to Mr. Colville,! assistant agent of all small craft at the River St. John’s, 
 to afford every assistance in his power to the corps in getting to their 
 places of destination, and the commanding officers of corps will make 
 application to him for that purpose. 
 
 I am, &c., &c, 
 
 Guy Carleton. 
 
 *The leader of this invasion was the rebel Colonel John Allan, who fled from 
 Cumberland in 1775. He had at one time been a representative of that township 
 in the Nova Scotia house of assembly. 
 
 fJohn Colville, here referred to, commanded a company of Volunteer Artil¬ 
 lery in 1795. He was a public spirited citizen, a man of education and a leading 
 city merchant. He built the old “Crookshank House” on Chipman’s Hill, which 
 was pulled down a year or two ago, at that time the oldest building in the city 
 of St. John south of TJnion street. Capt. Colville died in 1818 at the age of 70 
 years. See Baxter’s History of N. B. Regt. of Artillery, pp. 8, 9. 
 
L783J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 133 
 
 [Names of corps placed in the margin of the letter preceding are 
 as follows: The Queens Rangers, Kings American Regiment, Detachment 
 of the Garrison Battalion, New York Volunteers, 1st De Lancey’s, 2d De 
 Lanceys, Loyal American Regiment, 1st Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, 
 2d ditto, 3d ditto, Prince of Wales American Regiment, Pennsylvania 
 Loyalists, Maryland Loyalists, American Legion, Guides & Pioneers, De¬ 
 tachment Kings American Dragoons, Detachment North Carolina Volun¬ 
 teers.] 
 
 Governor Fanning to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 21st Sept, 1783. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I have the pleasure to acquaint you that Gov’r Went¬ 
 worth and myself arrived here yesterday in the Gray Hound packet, from 
 Falmouth, and thinking it may be of consequence to you to have the letters 
 which I brought for you as early as possible I commit them, with several 
 other letters for our Friends, to the care of an Express which I understand 
 is going to Gen. Fox. As I expect you will return here with the Genff in 
 a few days I say nothing of business or politicks. Governor Wentworth 
 and myself should both write to the General if it was not that we are told 
 he is to return on the 26th Instant. This we desire you to he so good as 
 to communicate to him with a tender of our compliments and best wishes. 
 At the same time we beg your acceptance of our compliments and con¬ 
 gratulations to yourself on your allowance of half-pay as Muster Master 
 General and your still better fortune of being Secretary to Genff Fox. 
 
 I am most sincerely yours, 
 
 Edm’d Fanning. 
 
 S. S. Blowers* to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax Septem’r 25th, 1783. 
 
 My dear Chip,—I fully intended to have written to you by the Bon- 
 etta but I was in such a fidget about my lodgings &c. that I could not find 
 time. I wrote indeed to Jeffrey hut fear the letter was not put on hoard. 
 
 *Sampson Salter Blowers of Boston graduated at Harvard in 1763. He was 
 an exceedingly able lawyer, the friend and associate of Adams and Quincy. He 
 studied law with Jonathan Bliss in the office of Lieut. Gov. Hutchinson. After 
 a severe experience at the hands of his countrymen at the outbreak of the Re¬ 
 volution he went to New York, where he filled several positions in connection 
 with the army. He came to Halifax at the peace in 1783 and was not long 
 afterwards appointed attorney general of Nova Scotia in 1785. In 1809 he was 
 made chief justice. He died in 1842 in his 100th year, having outlived nearly all 
 his contemporaries, and having, it is said, never worn an overcoat in his life. 
 It is believed that he never again placed foot on the soil of Massachusetts from 
 the hour he left it during the war. He left his estate to William Blowers Bliss, 
 the second son of his old friend Chief Justice Bliss of New Brunswick. 
 
134 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1783 
 
 Mr. Deblois took charge of it and is apprehensive that it missed the Oppor¬ 
 tunity, by that Ship, and went by a small Schooner which sailed about the 
 same time. Our passage was as well as we had reason to expect, and we 
 are now comfortably lodged at a Mrs. Whitty’s where we have three Rooms 
 and a kitchen for eight pounds a month, and are now all three of us, sitting 
 in tolerable health and spirits round a good fire. I have been politely 
 received by the Governor, and have seen several of the great men here, 
 and am told by them all that my coming among them is agreeable and 
 that I shall soon find business. This last however I am inclined to doubt, 
 in any extensive degree. From all I can learn there is very little business 
 in our way to be done here, and that but indifferently paid for, and there 
 is no want of lawyers. I hope indeed as the Settlements increase there 
 will be more need of us. At any rate I have started in the race and must 
 now do my best to get on. The Supreme Court will meet next month 
 when I expect to be sworn & shall be better able to judge of all Matters, 
 Men and Things. Ned has not yet returned from St. John’s, but is soon 
 expected. The family are tollerably well settled in a small House on the 
 Hill, which the Col. had taken for his Office &c. The old Gentl’n has just 
 been to tell me that he hears his son has hired, for 3 years, a small Farm 
 and House which is now repairing at or near Annapolis, which he supposes 
 is fitting for him and the family, and that he expects to remove there as 
 soon as Ned returns to this place. 
 
 Pray have you heard anything from England relative to the Epochs. 
 A Paquet arrived here two days ago with Gov’s Wentworth and Fanning, 
 but they seem to know nothing but that the Provincial Corps are estab¬ 
 lished and the Muster Master General with them, but I cannot learn how 
 it is with his Deputy. There is an Act of Parliament made appointing 
 Commissioners to examine and ascertain the losses of the Loyalists who 
 are to exhibit their Claims before the 25th (I think) of March next, after 
 which none will be received. Gov’r Wentworth has not brought his family 
 but they are to follow in the Spring it is said. He is come here as Sur¬ 
 veyor General [of the King’s woods] with £800 a year and a Guinea a day 
 while on actual Service. Col. Fanning, who appears to be much pleased 
 with his appointment,* talks of going to Annapolis or Port Roseway to 
 reside, as he cannot get a house here to his mind. 
 
 Pen Winslow has been confined with a bad Cold ever since she left 
 the Ship but is now getting better. She desires me to tell you it will be 
 your turn to monodize very soon she fears. Mrs. Blowers and Betsy beg 
 to be particularly remembered. Mrs. Blowers says she wants you here 
 very much to enliven the gloomy Scenes which surround her. The 
 weather to be sure is abominably dull and the Town looks as solitary com- 
 
 *As lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEES. 
 
 135 
 
 pared with New York, as Newport used to when we were there. Every¬ 
 thing is intollerably dear and the old Inhabitants are accumulating wealth 
 at a great rate by the exorbitant prices which they extort from the Stran¬ 
 gers. 
 
 Pray when are the Troops to leave New York? and do you hold your 
 resolution of going to England? How goes on the important business of 
 the various Boards with you? and is there to he any pay given? Who is 
 gone or going to England, who coming here, and who intend to stay in 
 the Country? Answer me all these Questions, and tell me everything 
 foreign and domestic before you depart or I shall snarl at you. Let me 
 be remembered affectionately to Taylor & Jeffrey, and believe me most 
 cordially yours, 
 
 S. S, Blowers. 
 
 Edward Winslow Sr. to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax 26th Septr. 1783. 
 
 Dr. Sir,—Apprehending it will not he disagreeable to you to have a 
 Short history of our voiage, present situation, &c, I take this opportunity 
 of advising you that after a disagreeable passage of fourteen days, during 
 the most of the time every passenger (myself excepted) were very sick, 
 we arrived at this Garison; on my arrival found Ned absent on an Excur¬ 
 sion to the Biver St. Johns with Gen’l Fox, &c; previous to his departure 
 a pretty little box was procured by him for our reception, much of the size 
 of the Bowery house, for which I am to pay £45 pr Ann. It was very 
 lucky for me that he took that precaution, as it is almost impracticable to 
 get a house to put your head in. I have been treated with great polite¬ 
 ness & Civility by the principle people here and have been at two Balls 
 and one concert, at the concert was exceedingly good musick vocal and 
 instrumental, there appeared to he nothing wanting to make it compleat 
 hut your voice to have been added to the same; altho’ there was a Gent 
 that sang extremely well, I can truly say I had much rather hear you than 
 him, there is something so sprightly in your Singing that affords me more 
 pleasure than almost any other person. There was present at the concert, 
 Gov’r Parr, Gov’r Wentworth and GovT Fanning, with a number of Bril¬ 
 liant Ladies & GenPn of the Navy & Army, had you been there, how you 
 would have danced. 
 
 Col. Fanning assures me the provincial Cores are all established on 
 half pay, that the same is allowed to Ned “dur. vita.” As I suggest it will 
 not be long before you cross the great and mighty deep, I do most sincerely 
 wish you a pleasant passage, a safe arrival at the great City, a joyfull 
 winter, and in the Spring a Sight of you at Nova Scotia; your company in 
 
WINSLOW PAl'ERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 the most dreary part of K S. will make the same agreeable to me & myne 
 who frequently talk of and wish yon to spend the winter at this place. I 
 have a favour to request of you when in G. Britain viz. that you would 
 inquire of Mr. Gyer,* if anything has been done relative to the matter I 
 intrusted him with on my. arrival at 1ST.. York. When the port of Boston 
 was shut up the Collector Comptroller & other Officers of the Customs at 
 Boston were directed by the Commissioner to remove to Plymouth with 
 their hooks, papers, &c, and to open their office at Plymouth, &c., and my 
 office as Coll’r for the port of Plymouth was to cease until the port of 
 Boston should be again open’d, which was then expected would be the 
 case in a very short time. On the third day of June, 1774, the Custom¬ 
 house books, papers, &c, were removed from Boston to Plymouth, and the 
 Custom house business carried on by Mr. Harrison, Halloway, &c, which 
 was heretofore transacted by me, and so continued to do business until the 
 first of Oct’r, 1775, during which time I provided for them an Office, fuel, 
 and candles, which with the fees received for the Collector (which I had 
 the promise of being made up to me) amounted to more than three hun¬ 
 dred pounds Ster. On the 12th of Sept. 1774, Mr. Harrison the Collector 
 gave me his note of hand for fifty pound sterling pr. Ann. for doing his 
 business until the port of Boston should be again opened. Altho’ I do 
 not expect him to pay me until the port of Boston was again opened, yet 
 I think he can have no objection to paying me for transacting his business 
 from the 12th of Septr. 1774 to the 12th of Oct. 1775, during which time 
 I transacted his business, he being absent, amounting to £54. 3. 4. * 
 
 * * I am now told my letter must be sent in half an hour, you 
 
 have my most grateful acknowledgments for the manifold instances of 
 your bounty towards me, and my most ardent wishes for your happiness 
 here and hereafter. My family, Laura in particular, Joyn in the above 
 prayer. Ned is not yet returned. Adieu my Friend, and believe me 
 Yrs. most sincerely, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Lt. Col. Hewlett to Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 St. John’s, Bay of Fundy, 29th Sept. 1783. 
 
 Sir,—Agreeable to your Excellency’s orders I have the honour to 
 inform you that the troops under my command arrived at the River St. 
 Joh n’s the 27th Instant except the ship “Martha” f with the Maryland 
 
 * Frederick William Gyer of Boston was a friend of Edward Winslow. He 
 was considered wealthy, but a few years later failed for “an amazing amount,’* 
 and in his failure Ward Chipman was a heavy loser. When Winslow’s young 
 son, Murray, was sent to school in England he received a kindly welcome from 
 the Gyer family. 
 
 fThe transport ship “Martha” was wrecked on a ledge near the Seal Islands, 
 and of 174 persons on board 99 perished and 75 were saved by fishing boats and 
 brought to St. John. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 137 
 
 Loyalists and part of the 2nd Battalion DeLancey’s and the ship “Esther” 
 with part of the Jersey Volunteers, of which ships no certain accounts 
 have been received since their sailing. This day a small party of the 
 Guides and Pioneers are landed, which proceed from the Falls up the River 
 St. John’s tomorrow if the weather permits. 
 
 I have given the necessary orders for the Troops to disembark tomor¬ 
 row and encamp just above the Falls on the River St. John’s from which 
 place they shall be forwarded with all possible expedition to the place of 
 their destination, but am much afraid the want of small craft will greatly 
 prevent their dispatch. 
 
 I have the honor to be Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Rich’d Hewlett. 
 
 LOSS OF THE MARTHA. 
 
 On the 23rd Sept’r Ult., four o’Clock of the morning the Transport 
 ship Martha — Willis, Master, struck on a ledge of Rocks between Cape 
 Sable and the Seal or Tusket Islands. The Master had said the preced¬ 
 ing evening that he had seen Land, and of course every Person on Board 
 supposed that he would lay to in the night; but as he set off from New 
 York in a suit of old sails, some of which he had been obliged to change 
 before the above unfortunate day; the few men who composed the Crew 
 (for he had not on Board above twelve seamen and boys capable of navi¬ 
 gating the vessel) were employed a number of hours, rigging and setting 
 up a new main top-sail in the place of one which had gone to pieces early 
 in the night, the weather being tempestuous. This employment of the 
 Crew, it is supposed, prevented the master from Standing off and on, and 
 unhappily at four of the morning the Vessel struck. The Master after 
 fruitless attempts of the Soldiers, at his request, to keep the pumps clear, 
 was solicited to get the boats out, but he declined it, insisting that the Ves¬ 
 sel could be got off, even after the water had gained considerably in the 
 hold. After some time he ordered the Boats out. The cutter being got 
 out, he ordered four Seamen to keep her at a distance, till the long Boat 
 would be got out, but unfortunately after she had gone into the water the 
 mainmast falling on her suddenly, stove her to pieces. The situation of 
 the poor people on board at this crisis became truly lamentable ; their 
 grand resource being lost the cutter and Jolly boat only remained from 
 which they could possibly hope for safety. At this time the Ship was full 
 of Water it must be allowed, but she was fast aground on the Rocks and 
 every sea beat over her middle deck, but no material part had given way, 
 the Mast only excepted. In this situation the Master ordered the Jolly 
 
138 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 Boat to be launched over the side, and, to the surprise of every body—after 
 repeatedly proclaiming that he would be one of the last to leave the ship, 
 he jumped into her as she went over the side, rowed to the cutter, which 
 lay off, got into her, and after taking in a few Men who in that moment of 
 desperation swam out to the Boat, he inhumanly pushed off for the shore 
 turning the Jolly Boat adrift and empty in full view of the unhappy 
 People on board, who in vain called out to him for relief, and contrary to 
 the Solicitations of the Commanding Officer on board, who requested him 
 to come towards the stem of the ship and concert some plan for the Gen¬ 
 eral safety and to comfort the poor Unhappy Souls on Board. 
 
 It appears besides, by the Testimony of officers who were taken up by 
 a Frenchman at the bottom of the Bay (viz, Lieut Baffin, Lieut. Henley 
 and Doctor Stafford) that the Master of the Martha had called at the set¬ 
 tlement below and declared that he believed every soul on board to have 
 perished, and that he rather inclined to discourage their intentions of 
 going to look out for the Wreck to save any person who might have sur¬ 
 vived than to push them forward to so charitable a deed or to offer his 
 assistance to effect so good a purpose. 
 
 It is further well known to the officers who survived that very many 
 things of great value might have been saved to the Insurers by the least 
 care or industry on the part of the Master of the Ship—as the French In¬ 
 habitants at the Bottom of the Bay and the People of Yarmouth and other 
 settlements on the Bay of Fundy took up Cables, Anchors and many other 
 things of considerable value. 
 
 I certify this to be an exact Copy from the original Journal or Rela¬ 
 tion of Captain P. Kenedy, Commanding the Troops on board the Ship 
 Martha Transport. 
 
 St. Johns, Uova Scotia, 10th Oct’r, 1783. 
 
 (Signed) Aug. Provost, 
 
 D’y Insp’r-Gen’l, B. A. Forces. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 10th Oct’r, 1783. 
 
 My dear, gentle, pleasant tempered, amiable Friend ;— 
 
 ********* 
 
 My Father and family 1 thank God are in a fair way of being settled 
 tolerably. The attention of General Fox, [Col.] Small and very many 
 other persons to them has given them vast pleasure and excited my grati¬ 
 tude. I am determined not to distress myself about their future support 
 altho’ I acknowledge I feel some degree of anxiety on that subject. As 
 soon as I am able I intend preparing some kind of papers to be forwarded 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 139 
 
 with certificate (by way of claim) to England. Governors Wentworth and 
 Fanning are to dictate them. The General has made the most friendly 
 offers on this subject and I flatter myself his interest will be of some use. 
 Until I see you Chip I will not attempt giving you an idea of the brotherly 
 kindness and uncommon friendship which I have experienced from him. 
 In our late tour thro 5 this country we have been highly delighted—he is 
 enamoured with St. John’s. He has taken Town-lots for himself. Gen¬ 
 erals Musgrave & Clark in our neighborhood at fhe mouth of the river, 
 and we have fixed on a spot 130 miles from the mouth where those Gentle¬ 
 men are to locate one thousand acres each* in conjunction with you and 
 myseif who have the same allowance. The Goernor has already assured 
 us that it shall he done. It is at the head of the township which is located 
 for Murray’s regiment, and he has directed me to make out a power of 
 agency to improve their tracts, to build houses, &c, &c, &c. You may 
 laugh at what I tell you as very romantic, hut he affirms to me in his most 
 serious moments that if he has interest enough to obtain a command or 
 an appointment he will certainly remain in this province—but should he 
 fail in this attempt, he swears that after he has been a little time in Eng¬ 
 land he will come out and spend a few years here. In short it is a hobby 
 horse that he will ride at all events. It was his wish that I should go to 
 England with him, but on conversing with Wentworth and Fanning I 
 have concluded not to go. They assure me that both of us have our half 
 pay and the idea of boring them, for anything else is really painful to me 
 just now. If he gets an appointment here (and they say he certainly will, 
 either as Governor of the Province or succeed to the appointment of Gov¬ 
 ernor of Annapolis which General Monckton had) I shall stay here with 
 peculiar advantages, and I think my Dad will have better solicitors than 
 myself for a recompence for his losses. Gen’l Fox falls in with this idea 
 and now thinks it best tq stay. 
 
 I have long letters from Thompson, Loring, &c. My hand pains me 
 so damnably that I can’t write any more. [Hand writing, which had 
 been cramped, in the next sentence alters to usual style and continues.] 
 
 I must touch on a subject of some importance, I submit this as every¬ 
 thing else of consequence entirely to your decision. Major Prevost told 
 me that Sir Guy was determined to fill the vacancies in the Provincial 
 Corps. By the unfortunate accident of Ludlows [lost in ship “Martha”] 
 there are many vacancies. You know how I love my Boy—If you can 
 effect an appointment for him as Ensign in any of their regiments—the 
 half pay will secure him an education which I am very ambitious to give 
 him. * * * * 
 
 Gen’l Fox has been very civil to Blowers, and on looking about he 
 ♦This was in the Townshipj)f Prince William. 
 
140 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 seems tolerably well satisfy’d. He is appointed one of the Board of Ac¬ 
 counts here. 
 
 Send yonr mare whenever you please, I can take better care of her 
 than any man in Nova Scotia. Thompson’s William lives at my house and 
 my horses are all in fine order. 
 
 Adieu, most sincerely yours, 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 Inclos’d is a lock which Pop desired me to forward to you. My best 
 compliments to all my friends. I have received as yet no orders to insert 
 absent officers names in the abstracts and I feel I’ll be a little puzled about 
 Thompson and Philips. 
 
 Deputy Adjutant General to Brig. Gen. Fox. 
 
 New York, 10th Oct’r, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I am directed by the Commander in Chief to inform you, that 
 he has given orders for a number of Stoves to be sent to Port Roseway, 
 Annapolis, and St. John’s River for the use of the Refugees at those 
 places, to assist in securing them against the inclemency of the approach¬ 
 ing season. I have the honor to be. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 Humble servant, 
 
 Ered’ck Mackenzie, D. A. Gen’l. 
 
 Capt. F. Philips to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, Oct’r 11th, 1783. 
 
 Dear Ned,—I wrote to you by Judge Blowers informing you of an 
 order from the Commander in Chief by which you were enabled to receive 
 my pay at the same time requesting you would remit it for me to England. 
 
 I was exceedingly happy to hear of the safe arrival of your Father 
 and Family, I hope they are by this time comfortably settled. Make my 
 best respects to the old Lady and Gentlemen and my love to the Girls. 
 
 I am at last happily fixed for my Passage to England in a transport 
 allotted to Lt.-Col. Drummond of the Artillery, who gave me the most 
 friendly and polite invitation to accompany him. We expect to sail in 
 about three weeks, or perhaps not till the final Evacuation of this Place. 
 If you can write here in that time I would be much obliged to you. It is 
 now 2 o’clock and I dine at Hardenbrook’s at three, so Adieu, God bless 
 you. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 Fred Philips. 
 
 P. S.—When you write to Polly, give my love to her, tell her to kiss 
 the young ones for me. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 141 
 
 Lt. Col. Hewlett to Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 St. John’s River, 13th Oct., 1783. 
 
 Sir,—Since my last of the 29th September I have the honour to in¬ 
 form your Excellency of the arrival of the ship “Esther”; the “Martha” 
 transport with the Maryland Loyalists and detachment of the 2d Battalion 
 De Lancey’s having been wrecked on a ledge of rocks off the Seal Islands 
 between Cape Sable and the Bay of Eundy. Yesterday arrived the 
 “Bridgewater,” and this day the entire of the troops were disbanded and 
 are getting up the river as speedily as possible. The want of small craft 
 is the only delay they have. 
 
 We have had a great confusion among the troops in having small 
 hatchets issued them in lieu of axes. 
 
 This will be handed to you by Major Prevost, to whom I and the 
 officers commanding corps are under many obligations for his great atten¬ 
 tion and quickness of dispatch. Must beg leave to refer you to him for 
 further information. I have the honour to be, 
 
 With much respect, &c, &e, 
 
 Rich’d Hewlett. 
 
 Commanding Br. & Br. Am. Corps. 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Benjamin Marston. 
 
 Halifax, October 18, 1783. 
 
 My Worthy Cousin, I am very sure, will receive pleasure from hearing 
 his Uncle Winslow and Family are once more so Bless’d as to be together. 
 My Father, Mother, Sister, and myself safely arrived at Halifax the four¬ 
 teenth of September. Our voyage was a tedious one. We set sail with 
 every flattering appearance, but in a few hours after the wind came contrary 
 and continued so the whole way, which rendered it a disagreeable fifteen 
 days. From the evening after we left Hew Y ork untill the day we landed 
 at this place, not one hour good weather had we. Very sea sick and ex¬ 
 tremely frightened were we all except my Father who, good man, was 
 neither sick nor afraid of anything, except that he should not get victuals 
 enough to eat—which was rather an unnecessary concern, for no others 
 of the party had any inclination to partake of his delicacies. His con¬ 
 tinuing well and our being favoured with one of the best ships in the 
 Garrison of New York, and the kindest and most obliging man in the 
 world for a commander was our support. Greatly are we indebted to our 
 friend the Commissary General* for giving us a thousand advantages that 
 no other family has had. His friendly attention continued to the last. 
 
 ♦Brook Watson. 
 
142 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 He hurried us away, thinking it was the season to avoid storms, gave us 
 an excellent Vessell, without one passenger hut those we chose ourselves, 
 which were only Mr. Blowers and family. We embarked in a most beau¬ 
 tiful morning. Friend Watson came off a little way with us for the 
 pleasure of a sail, returned delighted with our prospect—but contrary to 
 his wishes and opinion when he left us, instead of having no storm we had 
 a sort of one all the passage. The Ladys had anticipated every horror, but 
 1 confess my heart was so deeply wounded at parting with a number of 
 tenderly beloved friends that I thought not of the distresses of a voyage 
 Numerous were the friends that we left, but with thankfulness I mention 
 that we find some wherever we go. 
 
 I have now the gratification, my cousin, of seeing my Father’s mind 
 more composed than for some time past. Before we left our delightfull 
 retreat at the Bowery, his mind was greatly perplext to know what to do. 
 We were sweetly situated there about two miles out of the City. Our 
 very valuable Friend Doctor Bayley, with many others, were extremely 
 anxious for our remaining there the winter; my Brother was equallv de¬ 
 sirous for our going to England. What was best to be done the good man 
 could not tell; finally we determined to come to this place. We were a 
 little disconserted at not finding Edward here, but his friends came imme¬ 
 diately on board, and upon being informed he had hired a small House 
 for an office we immediately took possession of it. We were for some 
 time deprived of the happiness of having him with us but enjoyed the 
 real pleasure of finding him universally esteemed & beloved. A large 
 number of his friends gave every proof of their attachment to him by the 
 vast attention paid my Father and the family. Every hour did some 
 friendly one call to offer their service, and seemed vieing with each other 
 who should do the most for us. Col. Small eneavoured to prevail with us 
 to accept of part of his House; kindly assured us we should be as entirely 
 detached from his family as we chose to be. To do justice to his benev¬ 
 olence and attention and that of many others is beyond my pen. My 
 Brother’s return has made us happy. In addition to the inexpressable 
 happiness his company ever affords, we enjoy that of seeing him rejoicing 
 that we are at Nova Scotia. 
 
 Greatly my good cousin could I enlarge upon the subject that has 
 brought us all to this uncultivated country, but as it can answer no good 
 purpose I endeavour to be silent—but must to you so far say that I do 
 think, after everything else has been done that’s horrid, than any part of 
 the only elysium the suffering ones have should be called by the name of 
 Shelburne* is rather too bad. Strange that after such a variety of dis¬ 
 cord Shelburne was excessively unpopular with the majority of the Loyal¬ 
 ists because regarded as the author of a peace without honor. The Loyalists 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 143 
 
 agreeables a matter of so little importance should disturb, perhaps you 
 will say. * * * * 
 
 My Brother, since his tour with the General, has had the misfortune 
 to have the gout in his right arm, it is now better but still so painful that 
 he only writes what no one can do for him. He desires me to give his 
 most affectionate love to you. The present report is General Fox is to be 
 Governor of Nova Scotia, but whether it is to be depended upon is not yet 
 known. 
 
 My Brother is undetermined whether he shall go to England or re¬ 
 main here this winter. By Governor Wentworth & [Col.] Fanning he re¬ 
 ceived numbers of letters. His friends not only urge but entreat his going 
 home, say it would be of vast advantage to him. Lord Percy is particu¬ 
 larly desirous for him to be there. Should he conclude upon crossing the 
 Atlantic how shall we support being again separated from him. * * 
 
 Brig. Gen. Fox to Sir Guy Carle ton. 
 
 Halifax, 19th October, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—In answer to the private letter of the 5th of September with 
 which I was honoured, I have now the pleasure to inform your Excellency 
 that the fact respecting a number of persons having settled themselves on 
 the Nova Scotia side of the River St. Croix, was not as had been repres¬ 
 ented but was rather, as your Excellency supposed, a few lawless vagrants 
 without any fixed designs. I am therefore perfectly satisfied that there 
 was not a sufficient cause to send a detachment of His Majesty’s Troops to 
 that place, and should intruders hereafter break into the limits of this 
 province I am well convinced that opposing them with Troops should be 
 the last resort. 
 
 I am sensible of the necessity of great vigilance in the Government of 
 Nova Scotia at this time and the vast importance on her part of being a 
 most punctual observer of good faith. * * * 
 
 In my letter of the 3rd instant I did myself the honor to inclose a 
 proposal for the Distribution of the Troops in this District. I hope the 
 reasons which I have assigned for stationing Troops at Cumberland, An¬ 
 napolis and Fort Howe will be satisfactory to your Excellency. The sea¬ 
 son is now so far advanced that hutting for the winter is impracticable, 
 but should it be thought advisable on any future occasion I should think 
 the high lands about Horton the most eligible situation for the corps of 
 
 contended that their interests had been sacrificed to those of their enemies 
 without a single effective condition in their favor. The British government 
 afterwards took steps to provide some compensation for their losses. 
 
144 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1783 
 
 the Troops, because the most centrical and on the communication between 
 Halifax and Annapolis. 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 I have the honor to he. Sir, 
 
 H. E. Fox, Br. Gen’l. 
 
 [The original of this letter in the Winslow papers is a rough draft 
 with erasures and interlineations written in Col. Winslow’s hand, and 
 undoubtedly drafted by him at Gen. Fox’s request.] 
 
 Memorial of Edward Winslow, Sr. 
 
 [Re Compensation for Losses in the Revolution.] 
 
 To the Honorable the Commissioners appointed by Act of Parliament 
 to enquire into the Losses and Services of all such persons who have suf¬ 
 fered in their rights, properties and professions during the late unhappy 
 dissentions in America in consequence of their Loyalty to His Majesty and 
 the British Government:— 
 
 The Memorial of Edward Winslow, Esqr., late of the province of 
 Massachusetts Bay in Hew England, most humbly shews:— 
 
 That for a long series of years he has served his Sovereign with fidelity 
 and has discharged the duties of several publick stations without censure. 
 
 That when the late contest between Great Britain and America com¬ 
 menced he was first magistrate in the County of Plymouth, Collector of 
 His Majesty’s Customs, Registrar of the Court of Probate and (jointly with 
 his son the present Muster Master General of his Majesty’s Provincial 
 Forces) Clerk of the Common Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace. 
 The income from these employments together with his family estate 
 rendered his circumstances sufficiently affluent. 
 
 That in the year 1775, on his pointed refusal to take the oaths of 
 allegiance to the Rebel Governments, he was by their usurped authority 
 deprived of all his offices and deprived also of any assistance from his son, 
 who before that time had escaped to the British Army. 
 
 Your Memorialist will not trouble your Honors with a repetition of 
 indignities and persecutions almost as incredible as they have been severe. 
 He only begs leave to say that by his attachment to the cause of Govern¬ 
 ment he has experienced a transition from the most comfortable situation 
 to a state of poverty and distress. And that from being as much respected 
 for his family, property and personal character as any man in that country, 
 he has been for nine years last past the butt of the licentious and has re¬ 
 ceived every species of insult and abuse which the utmost rancour and 
 malice could invent. That worn out by their inhuman persecutions at 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 145 
 
 the age of sixty seven years, labouring under many infirmities, he arrived 
 at the Garrison in New York in the month of December 1781, with part 
 of his family and in a few months after was joined by the remaining part 
 of them. 
 
 That upon his application to His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton, K. 
 B., General & Commander in Chief of his Majesty’s Forces in North 
 America, he granted your memorialist a pension of two hundred pounds 
 sterling pr. Annum, also rations of provisions and fuel for himself and 
 family, and that the same allowance has been continued to him by his Ex¬ 
 cellency Sir Guy Carleton ever since. 
 
 That upon the thirteenth of August last, upon his being well in¬ 
 formed that the Garrison at New York would be speedily evacuated, he 
 with his family consisting of an aged wife, two daughters, and three black 
 servants, imbarked at New York, and on the fourteenth of September fol¬ 
 lowing arrived at Halifax, where he is an utter stranger. 
 
 That he has no means of support but a very trifling sum saved out of 
 his pension from Government and which will be expended in a very little 
 time. His age (being now seventy years old) and infirmities and the 
 necessities of a family unaccustomed to want, which has no other depen¬ 
 dence but upon him, makes him look forward with great solicitude and 
 anxiety for some permanent source of subsistence. Your memorialist 
 most humbly begs leave to suggest to honorable Commissioners a true 
 state of his situation and circumstances at the commencement of the late 
 unhappy war and of the losses that he sustained thereby in his property 
 and professions without exaggerating the same. 
 
 And he doth in the most serious manner aver and declare that his 
 propertie at that time in the townships of Plymouth and Marshfield were 
 of the value of £1500 stg., and that the annual incomes he received from 
 his said estate and from the professions and the offices which he sustained 
 amounted to the sum of £300 stg., and that he was at that time justly in¬ 
 debted to sundry persons to the amount of £500. That soon after his 
 arrival at N. York the whole of his property was taken and sold for less 
 than half the value thereof, your memorialist not being suffered to return, 
 nor any attorney that dare to appear in his behalf. 
 
 Your memorialist further begs leave to say that his continuance for 
 seven years among insulting and persecuting enemies arose from his ap¬ 
 prehension that the war would have been many years at an end sooner than 
 it was, and that it would have terminated very differently from what has 
 happened, as also from the great reluctance your memorialist had of being 
 burthensome to Government, always relying on his Majesty’s proclama¬ 
 tions and other proclamations held out to the Loyalists, that they should 
 be protected in their properties and professions. Altho’ your memorialist 
 
146 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 has not suffered so largely as many others have done, yet he has sacrificed 
 his all, on account of his loyalty to his Sovereign. He therefore looks up 
 to your Honours for your aid and assistance that such compensation he 
 made him for the losses of propertie and professions as in your wisdom 
 you may think just, without which your memorialist must he most miser¬ 
 able the little time he has to live. 
 
 , For the truth of the facts above stated your Memorialist begs leave to 
 refer your Honors to the Lieut, Governor Oliver,* the Chief Justice, the 
 Members of his Majesty’s Council for the province of Massachusetts Bay, 
 and the Commissioners of his Majesty’s Customs who resided there, Richard 
 Harrison and Robt. Hallowell the late Collector & Comptroller of the Cus¬ 
 toms of the port of Boston, who are all now in Great Britain. 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, N. Scotia, 22d October, 1783. 
 
 This day inclosed a copy of the above memorial to Brooke Watson, 
 Esqr, in my letter to him, also another to Sir William Pepperelf by the 
 Greyhound Packett, Capt. Dunn, another to Robert Rashleight Esq’r, & a 
 fourth to Judge Ludlow. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Allen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Annapolis, Octo. 24th, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—By Mr. Reading I send you the Commander in Chief’s 
 dispatches for General Fox. You will see by a paper enclosed that he is 
 appointed Governor of the Province; what to think of the information I 
 don’t know as I did not hear it mentioned by the General before I left 
 
 *Lieut. Governor Thomas Oliver, a native of Cambridge, Mass., and a 
 graduate of Harvard in 1783, was the last royal lieutenant governor of Massa¬ 
 chusetts. In March, 1776, he Avent with the British forces to Halifax, and from 
 thence to England, where he died in 1815 at the age of 82 years. His son, Wm. 
 S. Oliver, w r as the first sheriff of St. John, and his grandson, Wm. S. Oliver, 
 succeeded Benjamin Marston as sheriff of Miramichi. 
 
 fSir William Pepperell, baronet, commanded the very remarkable expedition 
 which in 1745 captured the stronghold of Louisburg. He was the only native 
 of America to receive the rank of baronet prior to the Revolution. He died in 
 England in 1759. His only son died childless, and his estate and title passed 
 to a son of his daughter, Mrs. Nathaniel Sparhawk, whose name was William 
 Pepperell Sparhawk. By the terms of his grandfather’s will he was required 
 on coming of age to procure an act of the legislature to take the title of Sir 
 William Pepperell, baronet. This he did. He is accordingly the Sir William 
 referred to above. He graduated at Harvard in 1766. Having been driven into 
 banishment by the Americans, he went to England in 1775, and on the voyage 
 his wife died. His immense possessions in Maine and large property in Massa¬ 
 chusetts were confiscated. In England he proved himself the fniend and patron 
 of the Loyalists. A full account of Sir William Pepperell w T ill be found in 
 Sabine’s American Loyalists. 
 
 {Robert Rashleigh acted as agent in England for many of the Loyalists in 
 drawing their half-pay and other transactions. He died about Sept., 1787, and 
 Brook Watson then joined the surviving partners, and the firm of Robert Rash¬ 
 leigh & Co. became that of Brook Watson & Co. 
 
17833 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 147 
 
 [New] York, 1 can only say I wish it were true, and I assure you this re¬ 
 port gave great Pleasure to our Friends in N. York for two reasons, as 
 they suppose the change would be of service to the Loyalists in general 
 and no disadvantage to you. I can assure you in a conversation I had with 
 the Commander in Chief just before my departure, you were mentioned 
 by him as one who must be provided for. I find you are the first upon the 
 list with him and I believe he is not a mere man of words. I men¬ 
 tion this for your Comfort which I suppose we all stand in need of. 
 
 I had very stormy distressing passage, but thank God have brought 
 my family all safe and in tolerable health. Capts. Campbell* * * § and Stellet 
 are come over from St. John’s to spend the winter with me but cannot 
 draw their rations here without a special order, will you procure it and 
 send it to them. You know Mr. Williams! is very exact. I find my 
 friends Barclay and Robinson|| have got an order for Boards here. I am 
 building at St. Johns and shall be very much obliged to you for an order 
 on Major Studholme §for such proportion as is customary. I have made 
 no application here as I saw my boards on my own land but have found it 
 very expensive. One more order and I shall give you no more trouble at 
 this present writing. My brother Will Allen came with me to St. Johns 
 but as he is no soldier he cannot draw his rations. Will you be so kind as 
 to speak to the General and procure an order that he may draw for himseif 
 
 *The reference is probably to Captain Dugald Campbell, late of the 42nd 
 regiment. 
 
 f Captain Edward Stelle of the New Jersey Volunteers. He settled at 
 Kingsclear and was one of the members for York County in the first house of 
 assembly elected in 1785. 
 
 JThomas Williams, ordnance store keeper and commissary at Annapolis 
 Royal, grandfather of Sir William Fenwick Williams, the hero of Kars. He 
 died April 22, 1789, “having served His Majesty during 45 years with great repu¬ 
 tation.” 
 
 || Major Thomas Barclay and Lieut. John Robinson are here referred to. 
 The latter was a son of Col. Beverly Robinson of the Loyal American Regiment. 
 He came to St. John after a brief stay at Annapolis and married a daughter of 
 Hon. George D. Ludlow, chief justice of New Brunswick. He was deputy pay¬ 
 master of the forces, a member of the council and for many years mayor of the 
 city of St. John. In 1821 he was appointed the first president of the Bank of 
 New Brunswick—the first chartered bank in the province. He was also pro¬ 
 vince treasurer and filled other important offices. He died October 8, 1828, aged 
 67 years. 
 
 § Major Gilfred Studholme was born near Dublin, where he owned a small 
 estate and had relatives. He entered the army and in 1776 was given a commis¬ 
 sion in Gov. Legge’s “Loyal Nova Scotiia Volunteers.” (See Murdoch’s History 
 of Nova Scotia, vol. 11., p. 581). He was on July 15, 1776, gazetted a captain in 
 the Royal Fencible Americans and rendered efficient service in repulsing an 
 attack by the rebels under Col. Jonathan Eddy on Fort Cumberland. In the 
 autumn of 1778 he was ordered to the mouth of the St. John river, where he 
 built Fort Howe and remained in charge of the garrison as major of brigade 
 until the arrival of the Loyalists. He was actively employed in assigning lands 
 to the different corps as they arrived, his assistant being Lieut. Samuel Denny 
 Street. He was a member of the first council of the province. As a reward for 
 his important services he received a grant of a large tract of land in the parish 
 of Studholm, in Kings County, to which he retired and where he died in 1792. 
 
148 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 and one Serr’t in company with Mr. Leonard. I am told the Governor is 
 determined that Provincial Officers shall have no lands on this side the 
 Bay, can yon give me the reason? And pray let me know whether yon 
 think General Rnggles & Pemberton will keep the lands they have got an 
 order of survey for. I suspect the late order from the King will affect 
 them. I have made a purchase of Pemberton and should be glad to be in¬ 
 formed how the title stands. I am not yet fairly in quarters but have 
 some of my family and goods abc tit nine miles up the River where we must 
 remain for some time at one Longley’s,* give me a call as you come down 
 and I will give you a bottle of old Hock & perhaps a good Mutton chop, in 
 spite of Chesterfield, I must say I am in haste. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 I. Allen. 
 
 [P. S.] I was desirous not to send the dispatches by express unless 
 I met with no opportunity in the course of a week. It seems there has 
 been one but I was looking for shelter for my Family at that time. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan Odell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Hew York, 8th Novem’r, 1783. 
 
 Sir,—I know that to preface a request to you with an apology for 
 making it would on my part be no recommendation—therefore leaving 
 “much ado about nothing” to Benedict and Beatrice, my request is in 
 three words, that you will speak of me in the language of a friendly parti¬ 
 ality to General Fox, a hint from whom in my favour to his Brother (I am 
 told by a friend in England) might contribute much to the success of my 
 hopes respecting an appointment as Assistant Secretary to a British Em¬ 
 bassador, if such an one is to be sent to this country. My present employ¬ 
 ment in the same station, under Sir Guy Carleton, is unavoidably to cease 
 in a very short time, unless there should be for once an instance, rarely 
 met with, of “detur dignissimo,” in which case I dare say you will think 
 with me that Sir Guy would himself be the Person whom, was he to accept 
 the trust, I should have to sollicit for a continuance of that favour which 
 has so seasonably come to my relief at the close of a seven years idle expec¬ 
 tation, during the Command of his Predecessors. If you remain in Nova 
 Scotia tor the winter, I may have the pleasure to see you there—but 
 wherever your lot may be, I shall “at all times and in all places,” with 
 your good leave, claim the honour of being 
 
 Your affectionate friend 
 
 & humble servant, 
 
 Jon’n Odell. 
 
 *This was the ancestor of Hon. J. W. Longley, the present attorney'general 
 of Nova Scotia. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 149 
 
 Capt. Callbeek* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Island St. John, Charlotte Town, 
 
 21st. Nov’r, 1783. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Forgive me for not having wrote you ere this. I 
 should make many apologies for not having done so if your transition had 
 been announced by yourself. Your arrival at the delectable Halifax came 
 to me by hear say and until lately, tho ; frequently enquired after, it re¬ 
 mained a matter of uncertainty to me—A Winslow was there but I could 
 not ascertain whether it was my friend. To congratulate you on your ar¬ 
 rival would be in my opinion a very chilly and unmeaning compliment, 
 the Country you have left is in every respect (but as to Loyalty) a Para¬ 
 dise in comparison, the less is said on these very trying occasions the 
 better. If you should range towards this spot next year, believe me no 
 one will be happier to see you, and if anything can be procured for you 
 here inform me and your commission shall be attended with the sincerest 
 pleasure. Mrs. Callbeek is well, -offers her best compliments. I am with 
 sincerity— 
 
 Ever your faithful & affect. 
 
 PhilFs Callbeek. 
 
 General Haldimand to Governor Parr. 
 
 Quebec, 27 Nov., 1783. 
 
 Sir,—Mercure,t the Acadian who came lately into this province as a 
 guide to Mr. Bliss, having informed me that many of his countrymen 
 wished to emigrate into this Province for the sake of enjoying their re¬ 
 ligion with more liberty, and less difficulty in procuring priests, I have 
 thought proper to communicate the idea to your Excellency that in case 
 you should approve of the measure we should mutually assist in taking 
 steps to carry it into execution. My plan is to grant them lands at the 
 Great Falls on the River St. Johns, which in time may form settlements to 
 extend almost to the River St. Lawrence, which will contribute much to 
 facilitate the communication so much to be desired: between the two Pro¬ 
 vinces, and which may be attended with circumstances very favourable for 
 their mutual interests. I shall be glad to have your opinion on this sub¬ 
 ject, and have the honor to be, with great regard, 
 
 Your Excellency’s most obedient 
 
 and most humble servant, 
 
 _ Frederick Haldimand. 
 
 *See biographical note under date 23rd Aug., 1783, in this book. 
 fLouis Mercure was one of the founders of the Madawaska settlement in 
 1786. During the Revolution he carried dispatches from St. John to Quebec 
 for the governors of Nova Scotia and Canada. He lived at that time at 
 Aukpaque, about six miles above Fredericton. 
 
150 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Benjamin Marston. 
 
 Halifax, November 29, 1783. 
 
 My Dear Cousin,—This day Mrs. Stanhope and Miss Prince called 
 upon us. Hearing by Mrs. Stanhope that their ship* is to sail for Port 
 Kosewav tomorrow, I attended the company that dined here, at dinner and 
 tea; have now left them very ehearfully set down to two card tables, and 
 retired to thank you for your affectionate letter of November eighth 
 
 * * * We are not only comfortably but eligabely situated in a good 
 
 house upon the Parade, next door to Col. Goold, are all in health glad we 
 are here and Happy. When I wrote you last we were in the house my 
 Brother has for an office, and thankful were we when we first arrived to 
 have so good a place to go to. We immediately took possession of it and 
 remained there untill he very fortunately got this for us, which is as com¬ 
 fortable a one as we at present have any desire for, very warm, pleasantly 
 situated in the most lively clean part of the Town. I leave you to judge 
 whether the rooms are not very good when I tell you that this day week 
 General Fox with sixteen of our Friends dined with us with great con¬ 
 venience.! With truth do I say to you I am not only glad but exceedingly 
 rejoiced that we came here instead of going to Great Britain. The family 
 all enjoy good health and a degree of cheerfulness that we have long been 
 strangers tor have quietly bid adieu to Old and New England—and all 
 endeavouring to add to the felicity of each other, seldome as possible re¬ 
 flect upon past disagreeables, and strive never to anticipate any for the 
 future, but enjoy while we can the blessings still left for us. My good 
 Father has not had one hour ill health since he has been in the place, we 
 keep him generally in spirits—when we do not make a whist table for 
 him he always can amuse himself at picket as our friend Major Murray 
 never spends an evening from us. Every attention is paid us by all here, 
 but we seldome spend days abroad, never when we can with any propriety 
 get excused, for we are always certain that we shall be cheerful at home, 
 our family being a sprightly one at present. Edward is full of his fun and 
 spends every moment that'he can possibly get with us. Major Murray and 
 Captain Phillips still more belong to the family, they lodge with him and 
 live with us. Our very worthy friend Murray’s intention of going to 
 England at this late season is at times a damp to our spirits. 
 
 I am more and more in love with my [brother] Edward. He would 
 be greatly raised in your esteem, my Cousin, could you know the good he 
 really does every moment of his life. So disinterested is he that his whole 
 
 *The ship of war Mercury, of which Captain Stanhope was commander. 
 Benjamin Marston describes him as “a very well bred man, master of the 
 whole etiquette of polite ceremony.” 
 
 fThe house in which the elder Edward Winslow resided was the property 
 of Col. Arthur Goold; the rent paid was £15, N. S. currency, per quarter. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 151 
 
 time is devoted to the service of others without any other reward than 
 what arises from the happiness of assisting the unfortunate. I was this 
 morning, as I very often am, highly entertained with him and his General. 
 They are in many respects exceedingly alike, very fond of each other and 
 ever good company. 
 
 I wish it was convenient for you to he here this winter, we all long 
 to see you. I am sorry not to have any acquaintance with a Lady so high 
 in your esteem as Miss C—. She did us the favour of making us a morn¬ 
 ing visit. I returned it hoping for the pleasure of seeing her and her 
 mama hut the Ladys were not at home. 
 
 No dispute have we as yet among the great about precedence or any¬ 
 thing else; all goes on smoothly gay, Mr. and Mrs. Parr very agreeable, the 
 Commissioners Ladys we have not yet called upon, are told they are pleas¬ 
 ing, Miss D—* not handsome. Balls and assemhlys have begun, hut I 
 have not attended the two first, am told not again to tell the reason why I 
 did not hut to you give the only one that prevented—want of inclination. 
 I love dancing but am no admirer of confusion and dust. Brother went 
 but joyn’d our party at home before the evening was out; believe we were 
 full as well amused by his description as we could have been had we joyn’d 
 the crowd. I propose attending some, hut as we are to have them every 
 fortnight beg to be excused attending all. 
 
 I am very desirous to know whether my cousin White has arrived at 
 Shelburne, the last letter from him he expected to have been there long 
 before this. God prevent any more misfortunes attending that unhappy 
 family. I enclose a letter for you from my unfortunate cousin Winslow, f 
 Poor unhappy girl; those that ought to befriend her are b'rutes. As an 
 apology for neglecting her, and their own had conduct, they have flattered 
 her with impossihilitys. It is utterly out of my Brother’s power to obtain 
 land or provision for her while she remains there—my Father says the 
 whole thirds of the Marshfield farm ought to be hers, but I am fearful 
 they will he so base as to deny her any part. 
 
 Some time before our furniture was disposed of I wrote my mother 
 requesting that the picture in our Hall with the Coat of Arms that my 
 Sister and myself worked might he given to the care of a young Lady for 
 me, they being very elegant I greatly wished for them for a particular 
 purpose. When my Mother came to New York it was not in her power 
 to bring even them. This week a letter from the Lady informs me, that 
 about two months ago Col. Warren sent a sheriff to her with orders that 
 she must give oath that she had nothing in her possession belonging to our 
 
 *Miss Duncan, daughter of Henry Duncan, commissioner of the navy yard. 
 
 tMrs. Pelham Winslow, who was a sister of Capt. Gideon White. See note 
 under letter of Pelham Winslow of May 30, 1778. 
 
152 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 family. Not daring to take the oath she gave up the article, and He had 
 impudence enough’ to tell her that he tooke them for a debt which; he' did 
 not recollect when he took 'the other things. I do believe he is the! oom- 
 pleatest Devil that .ever was suffered to live. That at this late hour he 
 should be contriveing ways to torment his benefactor is a master piece of 
 wiekedness—I have done with him never again to mention his name. * * 
 My Brother and the Major have just been in to bid me good night— 
 
 ; they say the party in the next room are breaking up, and'that it is full time 
 this letter is finished; ■ They, are monstrous saucy upon the length' of it, 
 think you must have the patience of Job to go through it, but I care not 
 for what, they say—they would either of them be glad of as long a one 
 when’absent. Ned desires I would tell you he intends to have a road be¬ 
 tween Port Boseway and Annapolis,* and many other great and wondrous 
 things is he to do, but he talks so loud and so fast I cannot tell any more. 
 Adieu .my.. Cousin; success and happiness attend you wishes your affec¬ 
 tionate Cousin. 
 
 -— S. Winslow. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 On Board the “Tryal” off Staten Island, 
 
 Nov’r. 29th, 1783. 
 
 ’ My dear 'Winslow, : —I have already written to you previous to the 
 Evacuation of . New York,' but have received when ashore today at Staten 
 Island your letters of the 9th and 15th inst., for which I thank you very 
 much. I'have been ■ a witness to the mortifying scene of giving up the 
 Gfity of New York to the' American Troops. About 12 o’clock on Tuesday 
 the 25th inst, all our Troops were paraded on the wide ground before the 
 Provost, where they remained till the Americans about 1 o’clock marched 
 in' thro’ Queen-Street and Wall-Street to the Broad-way, when they wheeled 
 off to. the hay-wharf - and embarked immediately and fell down to Staten 
 Island. I walked out and saw the American Troops under General Knox 
 march .in, and was one of the last on shore in the City; it really occasioned 
 most painful sensations and I tho’t Sir Guy, who was upon parade, looked 
 •unusually dejected. The particular account of the business of the day 
 youtwill find in'the news-papers which I have enclosed to Blowers; I have 
 •passed 't^'o days since in the City to; which: I returned upon finding: all was 
 peace and quiet. A more shabby ungentleman-like’ looking crew than the 
 new Inhabitants are I never saw, tho’ I met with no insult or molestation. 
 •The. Council', for sixty days, which is invented with supreme authority dor 
 
 *In ‘‘Cabotia,” a series of maps, of British North America published in 1814, a 
 dotted/line shows an old road between Shelburne and Annapolis. It is marked “ Im¬ 
 passable Track, called Pell’s road, cut. out in 1784, but now covered with young trees.” 
 
an 
 
 View of Halifax, 1783. 
 
WIN SLOW PAPERS. 
 
 153 
 
 1783] 
 
 that term, is sitting; what will he determined by them is uncertain, many 
 are apprehensive of violent and severe measures against individuals. I 
 paid my respects to Generals Knox and Jackson, the latter is Commandant 
 of the City; they received me very politely. I had the satisfaction also of 
 seeing General Washington, who is really a good looking genteel fellow. 
 Scarce any of our friends or any man of respectability remains at New 
 York, they are principally embarked for England. I am now on hoard 
 ship for the voyage. We have a. good set—Col. Drummond who is very 
 civil, friendly and polite to me; Fred Philips, who is as good a fellow as 
 ever (I wish you had mentioned him particularly in your letter for he 
 really loves you); Gilfillan* whose facetious character you know, a Mr. 
 Sinclair in the civil branch of ordnance, Capt. Reid and two subalterns of 
 the Royal Artillery, 8 in all and I assure you we make ourselves very 
 cheerful. We expect to sail by Tuesday next. 
 
 My prospects in going to England are upon the whole as favorable as 
 I expected. I have as I mentioned to you, the whole business of the hoard 
 of claims! committed to my management, and I am not a little pleased to 
 find that Harrison, who resigned his seat at the board some time before we 
 left New York, obtained a warrant from Comb in Chief for 20s stg. per 
 day for the time he belonged to it. I think I shall be able to plead this 
 precedent when I have finished the business. Sir Guy has given me a 
 letter of introduction and recommendation to Lord North. Thompson, 
 who means to pass the winter upon the Continent of Europe, writes me he 
 has left a very particular recommendation and introduction for me to Lord 
 Sackville, so that upon the whole I live in hopes of going to Halifax next 
 year with a hold face. I consider the present by far the most important 
 period of my life, and am determined to exert every faculty to get myself 
 forward. I shall most anxiously expect the letter you promise me by 
 Gen’l E. I have been explicit, be you so also in communicating your 
 views, hopes and prospects. I need not repeat to you that your welfare and 
 happiness is equally dear to me as my own; my principal anxiety is for us 
 to get together again with some chosen friends and I think we should be 
 happy in a desert. 
 
 I immediately communicated your letters and enclosures relative to 
 Cochran and little Weeks! to Mr. Watson and Major Upham. Coffin this 
 day tells me the business is satisfactorily settled for both. Greet Mr. 
 
 *He was a deputy quarter master general at New Tork in 1783. 
 
 fThis board was appointed by order of Sir Guy Carleton at New Tork on 
 May 4, 1783. Its business was to investigate claims for supplies furnished of 
 various sorts to the army. The chairman of the board was Gregory Townsend, 
 assistant commissary general, and the secretary was Ward Chipman. 
 
 JThe reference seems to be to Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks. In the year 
 1783 he was chaplain to the King’s Orange Rangers, then stationed at Halifax. 
 Before the Revolution he was rector at Marblehead, Massachusetts. At the 
 close of the war he settled in Nova Scotia, where he died in 1804. 
 
154 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1788 
 
 Weeks for me and in my name, he is a worthy good Fellow and I both love 
 and esteem him. 
 
 I intreat you my dear hied let me know by every opportunity how you 
 are and what is going forward in Nova Scotia. I shall not lose sight of that 
 as my determined place of resort and shall of course be very anxious to 
 know all the particulars about the settlements, locations, &c, &c.— 
 
 To Tom Coffin—indisputably the very best fellow in the world, and 
 to Townsend* who really loves you and speaks most affectionately of you 
 I refer for all further particulars both of a public and private nature. 
 Adieu my dear Fellow you shall hear from me the moment I arrive in Eng¬ 
 land. God bless you with all good and make you as happy as you desire 
 and deserve, prays most fervently and sincerely, your unalterably devoted 
 
 & faithful friend. 
 
 Chip. 
 
 To Father, Mother and Sisters, say that Chip thinks, dreams and 
 speaks of them perpetually with the warmest friendship and affection. 
 
 Jonathan Odell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 “Ceres”—off Staten Island, 3d Dec’r, 1783. 
 
 My dear Sir,—Our evacuation of New York took place on the 25th 
 ultimo without any appearance of disorder, and the town, we hear, con¬ 
 tinues in quiet under the American military. The season being so far ad¬ 
 vanced, I have postponed my intended voiage to Nova Scotia till next 
 Spring, and am going to pass the winter in England. The Commander m 
 Chief having done me the honor to invite me to a passage with him makes 
 this voiage the more agreeable. If I can render you any service on the 
 other side of the water, be so good as to command me without reserve. 
 
 Two musters pay, as Chaplain of the King’s American Dragoons, I 
 understand have been received for me either by you or Major Murray. 
 The balance due to me, whatever it may be, will be very welcome in Eng¬ 
 land. You, or the Major,, will therefore greatly add to past obligations if 
 you favor me with an order or Bill for the money, payable in London, 
 which I hope to receive by the month of March next. Direct for me at 
 Mr. Kempe’s, No. 116, Jermyn Street, St. James’s. 
 
 Wishing you all possible happiness in your present and future pros¬ 
 pects, I am. Dear Sir, 
 
 Most sincerely yours, 
 
 _ . J. Odell. 
 
 ♦Gregory Townsend of Boston was assistant commissary general at New 
 York and president of the board of claims. At the peace in 1783 he went to 
 Halifax. He died there in 1798, and James Putnam and E. B. Brenton were 
 executors to his estate. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 155 
 
 Sir Wm. Pepperrell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Wimople Street, Dec’r. 4th, 1783. 
 
 Dear Sir,—The Packet sails so much sooner than was expected that I 
 have only a minute just to acknowledge the receipt of your obliging letter 
 of the 24th of Octo’r last, with your good Father’s memorial, which I lost nb 
 time in delivering to one of the Secretaries to the Commissioners for his 
 perusal and approbation. I have not yet been able to see Mr. Forster 
 since he read it, but I should have heard from them before this, if it had 
 not been properly drawn; I shall see him in a day or two when I will do 
 myself the pleasure of writing you again. I imagine that you know already 
 that the lodging the memorial in the Commissioners office will answer no 
 other purpose than just to save the time limited by Act of Parliament, for 
 their receiving claims, and that they cannot enter upon an enquiry in any 
 one’s claim till the claimant personally appears before them. My time 
 forbids my enlarging at present farther than to beg that you and your 
 family will ever command my best services, and to assure you I am with 
 real esteem and respect, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithful friend and most obed’t serv’t, 
 
 W. Pepperrell. 
 
 Do remember me to Col. Fanning, Blowers and all other friends. 
 Please to send any letters, papers, &c., for me under cover of Evan Nynan, 
 Esq., under Secretary of State for the Home Department. 
 
 Lt. Col. Gabriel DeVeber* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Johns ye 14th Dec’i 1783. 
 
 Sir,—Some time ago a Letter was given me directed to Lt. Col. Hulett 
 or Officer Command’g the British American Corps on the River St. Johns 
 wrote by Gen’l Fox’s Brigade Major. As Col. Hulett was not present I 
 was induced to open the Letter, wherein I found an order for Com’g offi¬ 
 cers of Corps to make returns for 165 days Bate & Forrage money, it having 
 been granted by His Exe’y the Com’r in Chief, also another return of 
 Officers with the Rank &c, &c. I immediately transmitted these orders 
 to such officers as were here. 
 
 I expect myself to come to Halifax, when I shall do myself the honor 
 to wait on the General, mean time hope you’ll have the Goodness to men- 
 
 * Gabriel DeVeber of New York saw much military service in the Revolu¬ 
 tionary war. He was commissioned as major in the West Jersey Volunteers, 
 March 19, 1778. The next year he was in the Chasseurs and in April, 1780, in 
 DeLancey’s third battalion. In 1782 he was promoted lieutenant colonel in the 
 Prince of Wales American Regiment. He was second in command of the troops 
 that came to New Brunswick in 1783 to be disbanded. He was a grantee at St. 
 John, but settled in Sunbury County, where he was sheriff in 1792 and colonel 
 of militia. 
 
156 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1783 
 
 tion to him the receipt of the above Letter & what I have done in conse¬ 
 quence thereof. 
 
 I am still here, where I have built a small House, for the present. I 
 have not been up the River yet, indeed the block No. 11. which our Regi¬ 
 ment has drawn* is so far up that am totally discouraged. The Numer¬ 
 ous fa mi ly I have demands some Attention to the Education of Children; 
 at such a distance they never can hope for any, and I should think myself 
 highly Culpable, were I not to endeavor to settle nearer to the Metropolis, 
 or some place where I can attend to this necessary duty, I shall therefore 
 leave no Stone Unturned in Sollicitting my friends to procure me if pos¬ 
 sible some Lands nearer Hallifax. Pass McQuadyt am told would be an 
 Elligible situation; if through your Interest I Could be indulged to have 
 a grant there sb/d think myself very happy, or any other place you thought 
 would answer. Excuse the Liberty I take; your wish to serve with your 
 very kind expressions to me and mine, have in some degree emboldened 
 me to take this Liberty, and to think you’ll serve me if in your power, and 
 you may rely that I shall ever retain a due Sense of any favours or indulg¬ 
 ences you may procure me. God knows my Losses have been great & my 
 endeavors to forward the Service, with my exertions as an Officer, are in 
 some measure known to you, and my Zeal and attachment to Government, 
 is I hope Generally known, therefore, when these are Considered I make 
 no doubt they will induce you to do all you can to Serve me. 
 
 I have ye honor to be Sr. 
 
 Your most humble & most obedient servant, 
 
 Gab. DeVever, Lt. Col. Pr. Wales Am. Regt. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax 19th Dec’r. 1783. 
 
 My dearest Fellow—I have just embraced our valuable Friends Town¬ 
 send, Brinley & Coffin, i —You know how a man ought to feel on such 
 important public business with credit to yourself—and if possible to 
 
 *Some twelve corps of Loyalists settled on the River St. John, where blocks 
 of land were laid out for them and assigned to them by lot. The corps settled 
 on the west side of the river (in order ascending the stream) were the New 
 Jersey Volunteers, in Kingsclear; the King’s American Dragoons, in Prince 
 William; the King’s American Regiment from the Pokiok to the Eel river; and 
 DeLancey’s 1st and 2nd battalions in Woodstock parish. Those on the east side 
 of the river were the Maryland Loyalists, in the parish of St. Mary’s; the 42nd 
 regiment on the Nashwaak; the Prince of Wales American Regiment in the 
 parish of Douglas; the New York Volunteers, just below the Keswick; the 
 Royal Guides and Pioneers, just above the Keswick; the Queen’s Rangers in 
 Queensbury, and the Pennsylvania Loyalists and Arnold’s American Legion 
 in Southampton and Northampton parishes. 
 
 fPassamaquoddy. 
 
 JThese gentlemen had just arrived in Halifax from New York, where they 
 had lingered until its evacuation by Sir Guy Carleton. Gregory Townsend has 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 157 
 
 1783] 
 
 occasions. We are now making regular arrangements for the Winter’s 
 amusement—Whist Club—Saturday’s Club&c, &c, &c. I refer you to 
 Murray & Philips for all circumstances of that nature while I proceed to 
 a more serious subject. 
 
 I have wrote you in my Letters to New York how perfectly satisfied 
 I have been during my residence in. this place—all attempts to describe 
 the attention & kindness of General Fox would be vain. When I exert 
 my talents I sometimes can collect a number of strong expressions and 
 make a sentence tolerably emphatical, but by Heaven on this subject I 
 am literally as the sailors say all aback. 
 
 You—Ward Chipman, never engaged with more warmth of affection 
 to relieve me from distress than He has done. You never exerted your¬ 
 self with more affectionate zeal to render services to all my friends, than 
 he has discovered. And you were never more apparently & sincerely 
 gratify’d at any event that increased my consequence or afforded me satis¬ 
 faction than General Fox, has been. You must of course—as you know 
 my heart and that it is certainly a grateful one—be able to judge what 
 are my sensations at parting with him. 
 
 I am really most keenly distress’d—but I must tell you that I have 
 made him particularly acquainted with the cordial friendship that has 
 subsisted between us. I have told him, what is true, that I am more 
 anxious for your success & welfare than I am for my own, and I have 
 entreated him to become acquainted with you immediately on his arrival 
 in England, to make the same confidential friend of you as he has of me. 
 He means to solicit a Government & if a separation takes place & a new 
 government is formed at St. John’s! he will prefer it to any other. In 
 effecting this he will have occasion for the exertion of all your talents— 
 he is perfectly competent to give the necessary information on the subject, 
 and is in possession of maps, papers, &c, but it will be necessary for you 
 to digest the business. His own private affairs are also much deranged 
 by the death of Mr. Powell, and he will have occasion for your advice & 
 assistance. He has asked me particularly to request it,—and I have most 
 solemnly assured him that you will attend him as soon as he arrives and 
 that he will be spared the trouble of an explanation to you. I have added 
 —that your spirit is too independent to admit of any offers of reward for 
 such services. I’ve told him that your object in England is to close some 
 
 already been mentioned in these notes and Thomas A. Coffin will be referred to 
 later. 
 
 George Brinley was formerly a Boston merchant. Towards the end of the 
 war he was a deputy commissary, and on the death of Gregory Townsend, in 
 1798, appears to have been appointed commissary general of His Majesty’s 
 forces in British North America. He died at. Halifax in 1809. 
 f Meaning a new province on the River St. John. 
 
158 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 important public business with credit to yourself — and if possible to 
 obtain some Law employment. I have communicated the principal part 
 of my conversation on this subject, I need not dictate a line of conduct to 
 you. At all events I was determined you should be acquainted. I know 
 what consequences must follow. In the hum of his Departure I cannot 
 write much. 
 
 I inclose you a Memorial for Land. I refer you to the General for 
 all particulars respecting the business, he’ll describe the scandalous im¬ 
 pediments and shameful delays of the public officers here. If you do not 
 exert yourselves in England to effect some material change in the Govern¬ 
 ment here, I mean the officers of it, the Country will never be settled to all 
 eternity. If you see Col. Innes relate to him the difficulties attending an 
 application, assure him that I have not been inattentive to the orders of 
 Gen’l Abercrombie & himself, & that I shall presevere until I effect the 
 business. 
 
 I have an infinite variety of things to say to you, but in the present 
 state of mind I can add nothing more. I will write a folio by the next 
 conveyance. 
 
 Adieu, 
 
 Everlastingly 
 
 Yours 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 I inclose you a number of very rough minutes respecting our new 
 country. I cannot write to Philips. I will next time. 
 
 Bernard Graham to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax 5th January, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I hope you will pardon the great liberty in writing you and 
 giving so much trouble about so small a matter as my provisions in the 
 late Royal Fencible American Regiment; and as I know your honor has 
 greater affairs to attend, yet I am really distressed & I am well informed 
 the distressed always find relief from your goodness. 
 
 I have served the King since the year 1756 in the 45th Regiment, 
 Shirley’s, and in the Royal Fencible Americans. I was at the Seige of 
 Louisburg, the taking of Newfoundland and at the siege of Fort Cumber¬ 
 land. I am now an old man, and a taylor by trade, but my eyesight begins 
 to fail me—however I can work a little at my trade & as I have an ac¬ 
 quaintance with Mr. Bacon above Fort Sackville I mean to go there and 
 spend the winter. And my request is, honor’d Sir, that you will be 
 pleased to order me to receive my six month’s provisions at one draught, 
 or monthly should it seem best to your honor, as if I receive it weekly I 
 cannot go to the country and come in once a week. 
 
 I hope when your honor looks at my gray hairs and my long services 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 159 
 
 1784] 
 
 yon will not be afraid I will sell my provisions or make a bad nse of them, 
 as my experience in life tells me other ways. Your honor’s granting my 
 request will essentially oblige an old man, who while he lives will pray for 
 yonr honor. 
 
 I am Sir, Yonr honor’s most obedient, 
 
 very hnmble and obliged servant, 
 
 Bernard Graham, late Soldier R. F. A. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Isaac Allen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Wilmot, January 6th, 1784. 
 
 Dear" Winslow,—The bearer Capt. Beeler will deliver your letter, 
 which has been long wrote in answer to your’s respecting your Father’s 
 Grant. Col. Delancey was to have taken the letter, but he has disappoint¬ 
 ed me, and I have been confined by a violent pain in my back in addition 
 to my other complaints & misfortunes. 
 
 I can make no further discovery as yet respecting the land. Mr. 
 Robertson made two mistakes in receiving the Bate & forage. Mr. Cor¬ 
 nelius Thompson, who was struck out of the Return, came with the Bat¬ 
 talion and is now at St. John’s, and poor old Jenkins,* who is there with 
 a wife and three children and commands the Major’s Company, should 
 have had the Company money. Suppose I was to send a new return in¬ 
 cluding Thompson & giving Jenkins that money, could the mistake be 
 rectified? 
 
 Capt. Beeler was of the Militia in Georgia, a Loyal active man, you 
 will be convinced I answer’d your former letter pretty soon, as the one I 
 now enclose you has all the marks of antiquity about it. 
 
 Yours &c. 
 
 I. Allen. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax 7th January, 1784. 
 
 I am now my dear fellow in a snug room by a good fire and deter¬ 
 mined not to be interrupted. It is the first time I have been able to make 
 such a declaration for several months past. The variety of business which 
 
 *The reference is to Lieutenant John Jenkins, who received his commission 
 in the 3rd Battalion of the New Jersey Volunteers, February 10, 1777. He was 
 at one time adjutant of the corps. He served gallantly throughout the war, 
 and at the peace of 1783 settled on his farm in Kingsclear, York county. He 
 was afterwards an officer in the King’s New Brunswick Regiment, and in 1793 
 commanded the post established at Presq’Isle, on the St. John river. His son 
 was Capt. John Jenkins, who greatly distinguished himself in the war of 1812. 
 He married a daughter of Col. Edward Winslow, and we shall learn more of 
 him in the pages following. 
 
160 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 I have been obliged to perform has embarrassed my mind, changed my 
 pleasureable pursuits, and almost forced me to forget my Friends. * * 
 
 When I was called to my present employment I was surrounded by 
 a set of the most unfortunate men that ever Heaven permitted to as¬ 
 semble. Chagrin & Despondency predominated. An uncommon flow of 
 spirits—a kind of dependence on Providence (or something else) supported 
 me, and that Faith—(for Faith I know not what else to call it) made me 
 anticipate events which should extricate me from my difficulties. You 
 know the state of my finances when I left you and you will of course 
 acknowledge that my confidence in Heaven was put to a severe test. 
 When I received your information of my appointment with General Fox 
 * * * I formed a resolution not to be diverted from my duty 
 
 by any temptations and this I religiously kept. On a nearer scrutiny of 
 the character of the man with whom I was serving I was not only con¬ 
 firmed in my first opinion that his conduct would be dictated by an inde¬ 
 pendent spirit and the most honorable principles, but I perceived that all 
 his decisions were the result of strong sense and sound reasoning and that 
 they were unalterable. I also found that his benevolence extended to all 
 orders of persons. These grand traits being discovered a scope was given 
 for the indulgence of my own ambition. The boldness of the measures 
 arising from the conscious rectitude of his intentions rendered it per¬ 
 fectly safe to give him an opinion, because (if right) it was sure of prompt 
 execution and the darting penetration which he possesses secured him 
 against dangers from errors which the rashness of my judgment might in 
 some instances have exposed him to because he always saw and corrected 
 them. 
 
 I shall pay myself the highest possible compliment when I say that 
 a similitude of sentiments on almost every important subject produced an 
 implicit confidence, and we literally were jointly and constantly employed 
 in detecting the frauds of villains, long accustomed to cheat the public, 
 and in relieving the distresses of miserable & meritorious objects. You 
 who know my heart better than any man on earth can best imagine the 
 degree of satisfaction I must have experienced from such a connection. I 
 forgot all my private distresses, the mortifications which I experienced all 
 vanished. They 1 were succeeded by a kind of enthusiasm such as one feels 
 in the midst of military triumph only more rational. God knows that I 
 have no mercenary ideas, I therefore did not look for any pecuniary bene¬ 
 fits. The approbation of the General and my own conscience were the 
 only rewards I wanted, but I had in addition the blessings of the unfortu¬ 
 nate. * * * 
 
 I am preparing for a tour to Annapolis & am manoeuvring for Tom 
 Coffin to go with me. I have been too long from my family, but I could 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 161 
 
 not help it. They are in the enjoyment of more comforts than ever they 
 possessed, and the mind of your friend Mary is relieved from all its dis¬ 
 tress. The General and Williamson* will he able to give you a particular 
 account of my habitation & domestic arrangements, to them and to Philips 
 and Murray I refer you. * * * 
 
 The old folks are delighted with Halifax, they receive every civility 
 and attention—the Girls have a larger circle of their friends than they 
 have been accustomed to since they left their home, they all remember 
 you most gratefully and affectionately. 
 
 I am very anxious to hear what will probably be the fate of my 
 Fathers application in England. With advocates so powerful as General 
 Fox, Mr. Watson and the rest of you, I think he must succeed. 
 
 When you see Judge Sewell tell him how sincerely and cordially I 
 esteem him—don’t let him find fault with me for dropping a correspond¬ 
 ence which afforded me infinite pleasure—explain to him my situation my 
 embarrassments & perplexities and swear for me (if you dare) that I will 
 commence my operations anew in that way. Remember me most kindly to 
 Mrs. Sewell, she has not forgot me. If you ever see Boh Hallowell and his 
 family say every affectionate thing for me. I received a letter from Com¬ 
 missioner [Benjamin] Hallowell respecting a tract in this country. Tell 
 him how impossible it is to effect any business under the present system 
 but that I will do my best. Assure Col. Innes that I will be attentive to 
 his matters. I have had great pleasure in rendering some services to the 
 officers and men of his corps t since their arrival here and I shall he always 
 gratified at every opportunity of evincing how sincerely I respect him. 
 
 I flatter myself that before you receive this you will be on terms of 
 intimacy with my General; cultivate that acquaintance with all possible 
 assiduity. Strike out something for yourself under his patronage and 
 you’ll never repent it, and then we’ll be sure of being together which is 
 one of the first wishes of my heart. Let me hear from you Chippy by 
 every opportunity. I have positively wrote myself blind. Tomorrow 
 evening I shall devote to my other friends. 
 
 * * * May God’s best blessings cover you all over prays 
 
 Your faithful & affectionate 
 
 Ned. 
 
 ♦Colonel George Williamson of the army was at this time acting in the 
 capacity of brigade major to General Pox. He was an intimate friend of 
 Edward Winslow, and we shall hear more of him hereafter. 
 
 fLieut. Col. Innes commanded the South Carolina Royalists. They received 
 lands at Country Harbor, in Guysborough County, N. S., where they were 
 disbanded in 1783. 
 
162 
 
 WIHSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Governor Parr to General Haldimand. 
 
 Nova Scotia, Halifax, 14 jan. 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I have the honor of your Excellency’s letter of the 26th No¬ 
 vember by Mercure, and lament excedingly that the Dispatches brought 
 by the “Greyhound” were not immediately forwarded from hence by land. 
 They were sent the moment the commanding officer of His Majesty’s ships 
 on this station gave it as his opinion that it was too late for her to proceed 
 [to Quebec]. 
 
 I am happy to find that you persevere in your Idea of opening the 
 Poad from Kamouraska; our part of that business is entirely by water. 
 Some honest men have already been recommended to me to be settled at 
 the several post houses. I have submitted the whole [proposition] to 
 Major Studholme’s judgment, from his being more immediately upon the 
 spot and being better acquainted with the proper stages for Post Houses, 
 &c, than I possibly can be. 
 
 I have made Mercure very happy by giving him the Island* he so 
 much wished for; it gives me pleasure to have it in my power to assist 
 men of merit, and those who behaved well during the late Rebellion, but 
 particularly those recommended by your Excellency. The number of 
 Loyalists who have lately arrived in this Province from New York and 
 other parts of the continent is very considerable. They amount to about 
 30,000 souls. * * * I have the honor to be with great 
 
 esteem 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 and most humble servant, 
 
 J. Parr. 
 
 [Endorsed:—“From His Excellency Governor Parr at Halifax of the 
 14th of Jan’y—Rec’d 24th February by Mercure.”] 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Jan’y 20, 1784. 
 
 My dear Chip,—Since I finished my 12th page 11 have seen a letter 
 from Col. Fanning to Chief Justice Smith wherein he points out the neces¬ 
 sity of appointing such an officer as Receiver General of Quit-Rents in 
 this Country. One of his arguments is that the proprietors of large grants 
 would if regularly called on be obliged to pay the quit rents due or re- 
 
 *Bagweet Island, one of the Keswick group. 
 
 fThe length of the original letter cannot always be judged by the portion 
 
 that is copied in this book. The marks * * * or-that occur in these pages 
 
 indicate the omission of passages, so that the length of the original letter is 
 frequently greater than might be imagined. The reasons for omiting parts of 
 letters here and there have been already stated. See explanatory note after the 
 Introduction in this book. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 163 
 
 1784] 
 
 linqnish their title. If the rents are paid government is benefited by the 
 money—if the land is forfeited by non-payment it may be regranted and 
 will accommodate good subjects. * * * It is an office so 
 
 exactly calculated for me that I long for it—it would give me such an 
 opportunity of revenging myself on the nabobs of this country for their 
 infamous opposition to the whole corps, that I should triumph in a faith¬ 
 ful execution of my duty. * * * 
 
 Mongan* will show you a production of Mr. Aplin’s. t Do Chip be 
 industrious about the business of Nova Scotia; collect & exert all your 
 talents—effect a removal of the present Governor & procure other alter¬ 
 ations. Write ’em down. You will have all the materials and you’ll get 
 much information from Mongan. Whatever I have written upon that 
 subject is intended for the information of all my friends. I therefore 
 don’t write to Upham or any of ’em—get ’em all together—adopt vigorous 
 measures. 
 
 Adieu, Eternally yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Shelburne, Feb’y, 6, 1784. 
 
 Dear Ned,—The Bearer of this is my Friend John Miller. You 
 have already some personal knowledge of each other. He wishes to be 
 
 *The Rev. Charles Mongan is here referred to. He was chaplain in the 
 3rd Battalion of the 60th (or Royal American) regiment. He went to England 
 at the peace. In 178c, he was chaplain to the lord lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 f Joseph Aplin was a Loyalist who played quite a prominent part in the 
 agitation of the division of the old province of Nova Scotia. Under date March 
 6, 1784, he wrote a lengthy letter to Chief Justice Smith, an abstract of which 
 appears in the Canadian Archives for 1894, pp. 414, 415. In it he says that policy 
 should have pointed out that the utmost attention should have been paid to the 
 loyal adventurers. He had found great uneasiness at St. John on account of 
 the people not getting their lands. About 1,500 framed houses and 400 of logs 
 afforded shelter, but the people had no legal right to the ground their houses 
 covered. The greater part of the Loyalists in the town at the mouth of the 
 river never meant to fix themselves there, but to settle on their lands elsewhere 
 and apply their money to building farm houses, purchasing live stock, &c. He 
 speaks severely of the motives which had led the Nova Scotia house of assembly 
 to vote £500 :to Governor Parr and Chief Justice Finucane in connection with 
 the business of settling the Loyalists. The assembly he asserts had lost the 
 confidence of the new settlers; it had been called for six or seven years and 
 had lasted fifteen. He remarks on the inequality of the representation; also 
 on the mission of Chief Justice Finucane to the River St. John to enquire into 
 grievances. Finucane’s character is described by Aplin in unfavorable terms. 
 The people at St. John had been betrayed into stronger symptoms of discontent 
 than prudence would justify, but were grateful for what Sir Guy Carleton had 
 done for them. 
 
 In 1790 Joseph Aplin was appointed attorney general of Prince Edward 
 Island, a position from which he was compelled to retire in 1798 in consequence 
 of a quarrel with Lt. Gov. Fanning and his council. See Canadian Archives for 
 1895 under P. E. I., pp. 74-77. See also under date 27th Oct., 1800, in this book. 
 
164 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [178-4 
 
 better acquainted with yon and I have given him this to be a means of 
 bringing you together. The Common nonsense of these occasions I shall 
 not use with you. I will only say “that should ye get better acquainted I 
 think yeTl not dislike each other/’ and I think that is saying a good thing 
 of you both. 
 
 Tor myself, I am in as perfect good health as a reasonable mortal can 
 wish for. But almost dinn’d to death for Town lots & Water lots, for 50 
 acre and 500 Acre Lots. My head is so full of Triangles, Squares, Par¬ 
 allelograms, Trapezias, & Khomboidses that the comers do sometimes 
 almost put my eyes out. However I thank God that they are there. Had 
 it not been for them I should have by this time starved to death, or what 
 is ten times worse have been the burden and pity of my friends. 
 
 I hope you and your good family are well. Remember me to them 
 most dutifully and affectionately. Adieu, God bless you is the ardent 
 wish of 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Marston. 
 
 Charles Morris* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 6th February, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I have made a return for a Grant to your Hon’d Father, of One 
 Thousand Acres adjoining General Ruggles’s to the Westward; it is 
 bounded on the rear of the lotts, Thirty seven. Thirty six, and eight rods 
 on Thirty five, in Wilmot, and extends to the Bay of Fundy; Course North 
 ten degrees West. The grant will in all probability pass before this reaches 
 you. I did advise him to wait until the Land could be fully examined, 
 and that I would send directions to my deputys to do it while you were 
 present, but he declined this and rather chose to have the Grant hurried 
 thro’ immediately and take his chance. I hope it will turn out a good 
 Lott. Mr. John Harris, Jun’r, survey’d Gen’l Buggies’ and fixed a bound 
 at the same comer where your Father’s begins, being the North Eastern 
 corner of Lott number Thirty seven. If you think it proper, you may 
 call on Him to fix the other Western corner of this Lott and examine it. 
 
 I have the Honor to be. Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t Humble Servant, 
 
 Charles Morris. 
 
 *Hon. Charles Morris, surveyor general of Nova Scotia, a very important 
 man at this period. He was son of the elder Charles Morris, the first surveyor 
 general of Nova Scotia. He was at one time a representative of the old County 
 of Sunbury in the Nova Scotia house of assembly. There is much concerning 
 him in Murdoch’s History of Nova Scotia. See also published volume of N. S. 
 Archives, p. 293. He was a most upright and capable official. 
 
1784J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 165 
 
 Benjamin Hallo well to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 10th. February, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Hot having an answer to my Letters which I did myself 
 the pleasure of writing to you on the 30th July and 1st August last, I am 
 afraid by some accident they miscarried. The purport of them was to con¬ 
 dole with you on the loss of America by Treachery and base management 
 both at home and abroad, and to congratulate you that there was left an 
 asylum for yourself where you could render services to other unfortunate 
 sufferers—and I thanked you for the attention you were so obliging as to 
 show my son at New York, and acquainted you that the young man has 
 a grateful sense of his own obligations to you. I also acquainted you that 
 Commissioners were appointed by Parliament to examine into the claims 
 of the American sufferers, and then made as I now do, an offer of best ser¬ 
 vices in any manner found to be of use to you. I also informed you that 
 His Majesty in November, 1765, granted to me 20,000 acres of land in 
 Nova Scotia, that it was surveyed to me in the Eastern part of the Pro¬ 
 vince, that Mr. Desbarres the Kings Surveyor, now here, informs me that 
 it is some of the best land in that Country. The conditions of the Grant 
 not being complied with, I have wrote Governor Parr & Governor Went¬ 
 worth, who have the management respecting the Grants and escheating 
 the lands, where the terms have not been attended to, that I might have 
 further time allowed me to make the settlement. I have wrote to Mr. 
 Buckley Secretary of the Province, who is also Secretary to the Commis¬ 
 sion lately issued to the two Governors for granting and escheating, re¬ 
 questing his interest in my behalf. Lieut. Gov. Fanning, Mr. Buckley 
 and Mr. Winston have copies of the letter I wrote to Governor Parr, and 
 I have requested of those gentlemen to further my wishes in this business. 
 Col. Williard now here, and Mr. George Leonard at St. John’s River have 
 promised me their interest. What may be a proper encouragement for 
 persons to hold lands under me in so desirable a part of the Country as 
 Gedebucta Bay* where the land is so proper for Cultivation, and the 
 shores for carrying on the business of fishing, I cannot pretend to say; 
 therefore I must leave the management of the business to my friends on 
 the spot, and what they may do for me I am confident will be for the best, 
 therefore their acts shall be confirmed by me in the full as if you had my 
 power of Attorney. Mr. Leonard writes me the 12th December from St. 
 John’s River that people were applying to him almost every day for land 
 to settle upon, and that he had wrote you in consequence of my mention¬ 
 ing that I had requested your interest in getting further time allowed me 
 for making the settlement and getting the lands settled. 
 
 *Chedabucto, in Guysborough County, N. S. See this book under date 27th 
 Feby., 1785. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 I am very happy to find that General Fox, who is just arrived in Eng¬ 
 land from America, considers and puts a proper value upon your merits. 
 The General’s Brother, who is now forming an administration in which 
 he must be in a high department, will have it in his power to be of the 
 greatest service to the General and his Friends, and if I am rightly in¬ 
 formed you are one of the very first upon the General’s list. Such a pro¬ 
 spect as I think you have, not only makes me but all my family very happy. 
 
 The revocation of the Patent appointing a Board of Customs in Am¬ 
 erica having taken place some time in November last, the Commissioners 
 who composed that board in consequence of the confused state of Public 
 Affairs, are not only destitute of what salary is due to them since April 
 last, but have not any farther provision made for them. We are taught 
 to believe that we shall be treated with Liberal hand. The unfortunate 
 people who have come to England and thrown themselves on Govern¬ 
 ment have been dealt to with a very sparing hand, and others who come 
 at this late hour I am sure will not fare better. 
 
 I have been confined to my house with a severe fever since the last 
 day of the old year, and not been able to quit my chamber before Mon¬ 
 day last, a circumstance that has prevented my being able to see many of 
 our friends lately from New York and Halifax. 
 
 Your worthy friend Bobby* continues still at Bristol on account of 
 the cheapness of living, and being amongst a number of friends who use 
 every means in their power to be of service to him, the little money which 
 he has been able with great industry to pick up added to the allowance of 
 £120 a year Government, he is able to rub along. A scheme by one of his 
 friends had it succeeded would have made my brother very happy indeed. 
 The failure of which has sunk to his friend about £12,000 in less than two 
 years, and is still a heavy tax on the proprietors shoulders, owing to the 
 villiney of the head manufacturer, which ruined the whole of the scheme. 
 
 Mrs. Hallo well, the Lieut, with the other branches of my family join 
 me in best regards to you. You will also remember me verv kindly to 
 your very worthy father and family, and if I can be of any use to him or 
 them here you will please to say they may command me. 
 
 I am dear Sir, Your most obedient, faithful &c, 
 
 Benjamin Hallowell. 
 
 Major Thomas Menziest to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Parr Town, March 2d, 1784. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I know not what apology to make for the freedom I 
 ♦Robert Hallowell. 
 
 fMajor Thomas Menzies was in 1777 a major in the 3rd Battalion of 
 DeLaneey’s Brigade, but in 1781 was transferred to Benedict Arnold’s American 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 167 
 
 1784] 
 
 am about to offer. I must therefore trust to your goodness for pardon, 
 and beg leave to request you to present the enclosed memorial, and (as I 
 am an utter stranger to the Governor) use your good offices to facilitate its 
 success. Colo. Deveber informs me that he has obtained a grant of a 
 thousand acres at the same place, and we are very desirous of being neigh¬ 
 bors. 
 
 I drew Block No. 10 for the Corps under my command, which com¬ 
 mences 48 miles above St. Annes, so that whatever becomes of me, it 
 would be wildness to think of carrying my family there for the present. 
 Should the prayer of my Memorial meet any hesitation, if you think Col. 
 Small’s interest would be of service, I beg you would acquaint him, I have 
 wrote him on the subject, and I am confident he will do anything in his 
 power that way to sqrve me. I would wish to know the success by the 
 return of the bearer Mr. Peters. 
 
 I am acquainted by Colo. Deveber that your charge against those 
 corps for whom you acted as Agent is £10 each, but that having regard to 
 our numbers you have reduced our proportion to five pounds; for my own 
 part I think the charge very moderate, and shall cheerfully endeavour to 
 collect it as soon as possible and remitt it to you or pay it to your order 
 here. 
 
 I am with very great esteem, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t Hum’l Serv’t. 
 
 Thos. Menzies. 
 
 P. S. March the 18th, 1784. Since writing the foregoing the mode 
 of the proposed application to the Governor is altered, the occasion of 
 which Colo. DeVeber will acquaint you with. 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Thos. Menzies. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, March 7th, 1784. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Your letter by Gen’l Fox gave me infinite pleas¬ 
 ure; that your situation with him was so pleasant and his friendship so 
 effectually secured are circumstances peculiarly fortunate and agreeable in 
 themselves and I doubt not will hereafter be productive of the most solid 
 advantages. I have attended him almost every day since his arrival and 
 have been of some little service to him in a few trifling instances. The 
 material change in the ministry must have deranged his business and views 
 as much as of all the rest of us. There is not a doubt, he informs me, but 
 there would have been a separate Government at St. John’s had Lord 
 
 Legion. He settled in the parish of Lancaster, St. John County, N. B., where 
 he died at 1831, at the advanced age of 98 years. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 North remained in office, and he candidly confessed he should like to 
 have had the Government. The present administration, even if convinced 
 of the propriety of the measure, dare not adopt it; their continuance in 
 office is so uncertain that they will undertake no business hut what turns 
 up in the common routine of office every day. You may easily imagine 
 how disappointed I was upon my arrival to find in what a distracted state 
 this Country was. All my views and prospects in coming to England 
 vanished at once—at least were totally suspended for the present. Sir 
 Guy Carleton went into the Country, my letter to Lord North became of 
 no avail, I could receive no directions with respect to the business of the 
 Board of claims, and I have been waiting here in London till this day 
 expecting a change in the ministry and some permanent administration 
 to be formed to which I may make an application with respect to my busi¬ 
 ness, for I will not yet despair. Should Fox come in again I think you 
 and I might revive our expectations and hopes and yet see the objects we 
 have so much at heart accomplished. Until this happens or some per¬ 
 manent ministry is appointed, we shall not be able to stir to any purpose 
 in the business of a separate government. 
 
 Yours of the 7th Jan’y by Mr. Mongan I have received and thank you 
 for it more than I can express, I really began to despair of ever receiving 
 one of those old fashioned long friendly reviving epistles from you which 
 always delight me so much, and am rejoiced that you at last found an 
 hour of relaxation from the severe attention to business in which you have 
 been so deeply involved to gratify me. Indeed after all the bustle of life, 
 however consequential or lucrative our pursuits may be—however am¬ 
 bitious our prospects and whether we are successful or otherwise, oile hour 
 snatched from engagements of this kind and devoted to the social enjoy¬ 
 ments of friendship and affection is worth them all in point of solid and 
 rational happiness and satisfaction—this I have richly experienced in the 
 pleasure the perusal of your letter has afforded me. The description you 
 give me of your situation under General Fox is gratifying beyond measure, 
 -«-the satisfaction resulting to yourself, the advantages derived to your 
 friends and your usefulness to the public while with him are surely objects 
 of the first magnitude and attention. You ought not I think to give up 
 the expectations you suggest of a further connection with your friend, 
 altho’ the prospect of such an event is at present a little removed, so 
 strange and so sudden are the changes in this life that we are often nearest 
 the completion of our wishes when the objects of them are apparently at 
 the greater distance. Altho’ the representations now made with respect 
 to the offices of Government at Halifax may not be so effectual as may be 
 wished, they will doubtless be productive of some good, and you may rest 
 assured that we are here forming a plan of application as soon as the min- 
 
1784 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 169 
 
 istry is established that will meet your fullest wishes, and if exertion per¬ 
 severance and opportunity are of any avail to secure its execution, they 
 will not he wanting. The hints and papers with which you have fur¬ 
 nished me, have been of great consequence, and I most earnestly request 
 you will not cease the fullest communications on the subject. As soon as 
 anything is done here, or we have any prospect of success, you shall be 
 made informed of every particular. 
 
 General Fox desired to have, and I have given him a copy of that part 
 of your letter which relates to the conduct of your Governor and the other 
 officers, he means immediately to show it to Lord Sydney, the present sec¬ 
 retary of state for the home department. 
 
 I have written to your Father on the subject of his concerns. I do 
 not doubt but Mr. Watson will effect all his wishes, he is seriously and 
 warmly interested in the business and I suppose writes to your father on 
 the subject. I am rejoiced to find he is so comfortably situated for the 
 present; to him, your mother and the girls repeat the assurance of my most 
 affectionate remembrance. 
 
 When you sort the cases of Muster Rolls I hope you will take care to 
 check all improper discharges and see that none are borne upon the 
 strength but effectives, and recollect the non-effectives are not to be con¬ 
 tinued at the second muster. I fancy you will not have the same difficulty 
 in calling the names, various as the colors are of the uniforms, as you had 
 in mustering Baron de Diemar’s party colored Hussars.* 
 
 I have not yet seen Judge Sewell—in fact I dare not leave Town lest 
 some alteration should take place and I should lose an opportunity of 
 benefiting myself or friends—he is however well, as are the family. I will 
 do you justice to him and swear anything you please to him, Bob. Hallow- 
 ell and all your Friends. 
 
 You ask if the business of the half-pay is settled. I think there can 
 be no doubt of it, tho’ it is not yet specifically voted; but let me suggest 
 one thing, if you receive pay as Secretary from Government I am told it 
 will deprive you of your half pay for the same period; and this I believe 
 you will find to be the case. 
 
 Thompson f is one of the wonders really of the age. He has made 
 the tour of Europe since last September; by some strange good fortune 
 
 * Baron Frederick DeDiemar’s Hussars were in 1781 attached to the Queen’s 
 Rangers. They seem, judging by the muster rolls, to have included a number 
 of Loyalists, who probably joined the corps as recruits, or were draughted into 
 the troop from other mounted corps, hence the variety of uniforms. The German 
 names doubtless made the roll call a difficult matter for the muster-master. 
 
 fSee biographical note under date 8th June, 1783, in this book, on Col. 
 Benjamin Thompson. He had been the commander of the late King’s American 
 Dragoons, and Ward Chipman had been the paymaster of the corps as well as 
 Col. Ludlow’s battalion in DeLancey’s brigade. 
 
170 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 has been so introduced to the Duke of Bavaria, Elector Palatine, one of the 
 first Courts in Germany, as to be appointed his principal Aid de Camp and 
 Adj’t. General; has jumped across to England to get the King’s leave to 
 go into foreign service, has obtained it, retaining his rank and pay in the 
 British service, has been knighted as a testimony of the Royal approbation 
 and recommendation, and Sir Benjamin Thompson is now preparing to 
 figure at the Court of Manheim with one of the most splendid equipages 
 in Europe; he sets off in about a month. 
 
 I have written so much and so many letters to my other friends that 
 I have not patience to proceed any farther at present. To those letters I 
 must refer you for such particulars as I have omitted in this—particularly 
 to Tom Coffin for the history of my Brother. 
 
 Adieu my dearest Eellow—write to me by every opportunity and be¬ 
 lieve me most sincerely, affectionately & unalterably yours. 
 
 Chip. 
 
 I am very much gratified that your familv at Annapolis are so com¬ 
 fortably situated, and that you have at last found leisure to make a visit 
 there, let me be most particularly and affectionately remembered to Mrs. 
 W. and the little ones. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 13th March, 1784. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—Things begin to wear a much more favorable aspect 
 respecting Nova Scotia. The present ministry begin to find their situa¬ 
 tion more stable and permanent. Your representations by Mongan have 
 had their effect. A committee of the Council has been sitting on the busi¬ 
 ness two or three days. Sir Guy Carleton has been sent for and is come to 
 Town to give his advice and assistance in the business. Col. Willard, Dr. 
 Seabury,* and Major Upham, as Agents for the Loyalists,—have present¬ 
 ed a memorial stating all the grievances complained of. Lord Sydney has 
 said “Nova Scotia shall be made the envy of all the American States.” 
 
 I am authorized to say, in confidence, there is no doubt a separate 
 Government at St. John’s will be established, and that all your wishes will 
 be carried into effect. Odell, who is with Sir Guy, whispers this to me for 
 your information and desires a most friendly and affectionate remembrance 
 to you. I do not think it improbable at all that Gen’l Fox will go out 
 Governor of St. John’s. It is in contemplation to have a Governor General 
 over all the British Settlements contiguous,—if so, Sir Guy will be the 
 
 ♦Rev. Samuel Seabury, D. D., is here referred to. On the 14th of November 
 in this year he was consecrated first bishop of the Episcopal church in the 
 United States. During the Revolutionary war he was gazetted as chaplain in 
 the King’s American Regiment. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 171 
 
 man if he can he prevailed upon to go out. Ponder upon these things 
 and act accordingly. Take care of our Lands, they must now become 
 very valuable. 
 
 I was yesterday morning with L’d Sackville; he wished to see your 
 letter respecting Nova Scotia and spoke very handsomely of you. I sent 
 him that part of the letter and the hints of arguments you enclosed by 
 General Fox for the separate Government at St. John’s. Upon the whole 
 I think all will go well. Sir Guy is warm for the new Government and his 
 opinion will have very great influence; entre nous I fancy Judge Ludlow 
 will apply for the Chief Justice-ship. He says I had better get the ap¬ 
 pointment of Attorney Gen’l if I can, &c, &c, hut not a word of all this 
 for a thousand reasons. Whatever you may have in contemplation write 
 immediately to all your friends. Write me such another letter as your 
 last it will he of great service to me as well as you. You are held up as a 
 man of the first consequence and intelligence in that country, and I have 
 the honor tc be mentioned as your particular and confidential corres¬ 
 pondent. 
 
 I hope now to get my own matters, I mean the Board of claims busi¬ 
 ness, upon some footing or other. Don’t forget my half-pay agencies I 
 beseech you. Adieu once more my dear Fellow and believe me unalter¬ 
 ably your affectionate 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Rev. Chas. Mongan, Chaplain to Late 3d Batt. 60th Regt. to Edward 
 Winslow. 
 
 London, 23rd. Mar. 1784. 
 
 My dear Sir,—Capt. Cook 37th Regt, just now called upon me to say 
 that he sails for Port Roseway tomorrow morning, and tho’ I have nothing 
 absolutely certain to communicate, yet I cannot deny myself the pleasure of 
 assuring you that I hear in constant remembrance the great satisfaction I 
 have experienced in my acquaintance with you and your good family. 
 This Country has been in such a confused state that no business of any 
 kind has been thought of till within these few days—And I have the 
 pleasure now to tell you that the papers &c., which I gave to the ministry 
 (added to Gen. Fox’s representations) have been the means of rousing the 
 government towards Nova Scotia, and I have now some foundation for 
 hoping that matters will go on well. 
 
 Sir Guy was sent for upon the business, and I find that his opinion 
 upon that subject will he the prevailing one. So far at least things look 
 well. This morning I saw your friend General Fox; he was just then 
 summoned to attend the Council upon the same subject. He was in vast 
 
172 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 £1784 
 
 good spirits about the matter, and I think you will have him with you 
 very soon and in the very situation you wish to see him. The arrange¬ 
 ments are not yet formed or rather not divulged. It is supposed by the 
 knowing ones that Sir Guy will go out as Governor General of the three 
 Provinces. The present Ministry seems very anxious about the welfare of 
 that Country. In a conference with L’d Sydney upon that subject, I 
 must acknowledge that his sentiments were very liberal and full of tender¬ 
 ness towards the Loyalists. As nothing is yet absolutely declared certain, 
 I can only give you reports some of which are that Gov. Parr is to be 
 recalled, his successor not named, but Col. F. to be left in the manage¬ 
 ment of affairs for the present. Col. Fox to be Governor of our province, 
 and Sir Guy to superintend the whole. The Council & Assembly (I mean 
 the present) to be thoroughly purged and the outcasts to be succeeded by 
 honest Loyalists. In short my dear Friend I now begin to feel myself 
 convinced that Nova Scotia will yet be the seat of happiness and the resid¬ 
 ence of honest Fellows. 
 
 I hope to see you in June with many others of my friends. I am 
 perfectly tired of England, it is a cursed place at present. 
 
 Pray make my best respects to Gen’l Campbell; his things will sail 
 about ten days hence, when I hope to be able to write you with more cer¬ 
 tainty. In the interim I beg you will remember me with great affection 
 to the good old Folks and give my very sincere love to the girls. I promise 
 myself much pleasure to come in their society. Capt. Cooke is waiting 
 for my letter. God bless you, and believe me, 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 Chas. Mongan. 
 
 Major John Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Parr Town, 24 March, 1784. 
 
 My Dear Ned,—Your letter has this moment come to hand, I have 
 indeed taken all opportunities to abuse you for not answering my letter 
 with respect to your Father’s land. Delays are dangerous and I am dis¬ 
 tressed at thinking that it will prove so in this instance. Some hundreds 
 of applications have been made for it, among the many a Cornet Merrit 
 of the Queen’s Rangers. 
 
 By the next opportunity I shall write you very fully, in the mean 
 time I must acquaint you that Nase has informed me you have a Nett or 
 Seine, which is lent out to every person and is going to the Devil. I want 
 one and am seriously distressed for it. My circumstances will not admit 
 of my going to the expense of it. If you can spare it I will make a hand¬ 
 some return in salmon for it or will send you the amount when able. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 173 
 
 I am in great haste and De Yeber is waiting, therefore make my best 
 and most affect’e compliments to your father and the Girls. With my 
 best love to Polly, 
 
 I give you joy on the birth of a Daughter. 
 
 God Bless you, 
 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
 Jh. Coffin. 
 
 Lt. Col. Stephen De Lancey to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Annapolis, 28th March, 1784. 
 
 Dear Winslow,— * * * I am unhappy to hear that the 
 
 Lt. Governor* has given up all Idea of a Settlement with us here. I have 
 written to him on a Subject that will be entirely useless as I suppose he 
 does not purchase Bice’s farm. * * * 
 
 I have received a most impertinent letter from Capt. Hutchinson.} 
 The ease is this: five men of his Company came to this Province with me 
 in the Peggy; for those men he rec’d six months pay at Hew York, which 
 remained in his hands without any steps taken to remit it to them. I 
 therefore ventured to stop his forage money in my hands for the payment 
 of those men which I have actually paid to them—the money was not 
 sufficient to pay them off. * * * 
 
 Every body well at your house. Compliments to Coffin & all friends. 
 
 Yours 
 
 St. De Lancey. 
 
 Col. J. H. Cruger} to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, March 28th 1784. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I not only embrace, but thank the opportunity 
 that offers for opening a correspondence with a valuable friend. When 
 you are at leisure be assured you’ll make me happy by writing to me, 
 especially if you’ll inform me that you are well and doing well. Our 
 friend Mongan gives me pleasing accounts of your situation. I flatter 
 
 *Colonel Edmund Fanning. 
 
 4 Capt. William Hutchinson of the 1st Batt., New Jersey Volunteers, of 
 which Corps. Lt. Col. De Lancey was commander. He came to New Brunswick, 
 but afterwards removed to Upper Canada. 
 
 JLieut. Colonel John Harris Cruger was a son-in-law of Brig. Gen. Oliver 
 DeLancey. He commanded the first and second battalions of DeLancey’s 
 brigade in the campaigns in the south. He was as an officer gallant and 
 fearless, and especially distinguished himself at the siege of Fort “Ninety-six,” 
 which he gallantly and successfully defended against the attack of General 
 Greene with a much larger force. A brief biography of him will be found in 
 Sabine’s American Loyalists, and many additional particulars of interest in 
 Jones’ Loyalist History of New York. 
 
174 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 myself it will be better with yon all before it’s worse. The very ill treat¬ 
 ment of the worthy Loyalists hitherto has given me mnch concern. 
 
 This letter will be delivered yon by Lieut. Georges of the Navy. Mr. 
 Georges is the son of a particular friend of mine; he is a very worthy 
 young Gentl’n, as such I beg leave to introduce & warmly to recommend 
 him to you & your friends. Every civility and friendship you shall be 
 good enough to shew him, be assured I’ll give you full credit for. Mr. 
 Georges is pretty well versed in the politics of this Country; to him I beg 
 to refer you for a more satisfactory account than I can write. 
 
 This hugh unwieldy Town swarms with Americans grumbling and 
 discontented; in two or three years it is said, we may know what Govern¬ 
 ment will, or will not, allow us for the loss of property, for services, &c, 
 &c, &e. 
 
 Mrs. Cruger desires her best respects to you. I beg to be kindly 
 remembered to Mrs. Winslow and rejoyce in the little holyday you have 
 made in heaven, whose munificence I sincerely pray you may partake very 
 fully of, for I am with the greatest Regard & Esteem, affectionately, My 
 good Sir, 
 
 Your friend & humble servt. 
 
 J. H. Cruger. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 13th April, 1784. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I was in hopes before this time to have congratu¬ 
 lated you upon the decided arrangement of the new Government of Nova 
 Scotia, an event which I do not however think very far distant. The 
 separation of the Province into two Governments is determined upon in 
 the Cabinet, that of St. John’s which is to be called New Ireland,* has 
 been offered to Gen’l Fox. Halifax it is said is to be given to Gen’l Mus- 
 grave. A Governor General over these Provinces and Canada with almost 
 unlimited powers, to prevent the necessity of applying for instructions 
 here on all occasions, is to be appointed. This very important appoint- 
 
 *The name eventually chosen was not New Ireland, but New Brunswick, 
 in honor of the royal house of Brunswick. In the year 1780 William Knox, a 
 Georgia Loyalist then in England, formed a plan to divide Maine and to give 
 to the territory between the Penobscot and St. Croix rivers the name of New 
 Ireland, and to give the administration thereof to Thomas Oliver as governor, 
 with Daniel Leonard as chief justice. The proposal met with favor on the part 
 of the ministry, but nothing at that time was done. Wm. Knox was afterwards 
 for many years the agent of the province of New Brunswick in England. The 
 proximity on either hand of New England and Nova Scotia (or New Scotland) 
 undoubtedly must have suggested the name of “New Ireland” for our province, 
 and it was evidently seriously contemplated at one time thus to designate the 
 new province. Had such a name been chosen there is reason to believe that 
 the Irish immigration to our shores in the “forties” would have assumed 
 immense proportions. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 175 
 
 ment is offered to Sir Guy. Gen’l Fox is this day to give his answer to 
 Lord Sydney: he tells me he means to make his acceptance conditional 
 upon the going out of Sir Guy. I do not myself at all doubt that they 
 will both go: A very pleasant circumstance to me is that Sir Guy, in a 
 very free and confidential conversation with Gen. Fox, mentioned Judge 
 Ludlow, Upham and myself as persons whom he wished to provide for in 
 the Line of the law. The Chief Justiceship is fixed for Ludlow, Upham 
 is to have a seat on the same Bench, nothing specific is proposed for me, 
 but I know of no office that will be worth my acceptance in that line but 
 of Attorney General, and here I fancy I shall have many competitors. I 
 shall however patiently await the event. As to yourself, Gen’l Fox will be 
 amply attentive, he tells me he means to write you a line by this oppor¬ 
 tunity. These however are all secrets which you must not mention till 
 you hear them from some other Quarter. 
 
 One thing of the last consequence I can mention, that it is deter¬ 
 mined upon not to relax the Navigation Act in favor of America, and 
 there will probably be one or two free ports in the new Government. 
 
 Great exertions are making by some of the Refugees here to secure 
 one of the new Governments to Franklyn,* but these will prove abortive. 
 His influence, owing to many causes, is at a very low ebb. My own affairs 
 yet remain in statu quo. I have an application now depending before the 
 Treasury by Sir Guy Carleton’s direction, for instructions whether to pro¬ 
 ceed and compleat the business of the Board of claims. I am promised 
 an answer in a week or ten days and in the mean time intend to steal off 
 to Bristol to see the Judget [Sewell] and his family, having not yet seen 
 one of them. 
 
 Mongan told me you wished to have a table service of the best yellow 
 ware with a blue border, and that you had written to me respecting it. 
 There is nothing of that kind in any of your letters I have. However, 
 from his description of the kind you want, I purchased a service and ship¬ 
 ped them on board the Tamerlane, William Miller, directed to you at 
 Halifax—an invoice of them is enclosed. They are the best of the kind. 
 
 I have no news to write; the dissolution of Parliament has engaged 
 the whole nation in electioneering. Charles Fox is moving heaven and 
 earth to secure a seat for Westminster, but it is generally tho’t he will fail 
 and must come in for some Boro’ at last. The new Parliament will give 
 a strong majority to the minister, so that Fox must again exert his abilities 
 in a minority—how unaccountable is the change of popularity : a man a 
 
 ♦William Franklin was a natural son of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin, 
 and was the last royal governor of New Jersey. 
 
 fJudge Sewell as early at least as 1769 was judge of the admiralty court 
 of Nova Scotia, although a resident of Boston. The appointment gave him his 
 title of “Judge.” 
 
176 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 few months ago the idol of the people now one of the most unpopular men 
 in the nation. And the whole Kingdom, strange to tell, engaged on the 
 side of Prerogative. No man more popular now than the King. I 
 send you the News-Papers. 
 
 14th April. Col. Pox has this minute given me a letter for you which 
 I suppose explains the present situation of the Nova Scotia arrangements. 
 It will not I hope he long before the business is settled. A part of your 
 letter I find has been tho’t too violent particularly that respecting the 
 instructions to the Regiments to settle upon their lands at all events, and 
 to oppose by force any attempts to dispossess them. Col. Pox communi¬ 
 cated this to me and desires me to caution you particularly upon this head. 
 Nothing so suddenly alarms Government, now grown very skittish, as the 
 idea of an opposition to the measures of its servants. So sore are they 
 with the event of the late contest, that they instantly connect the idea of 
 rebellion with any such enunciations: Sat. verb. sap. 
 
 Tom Coffin will I suppose be on his passage from this place by the 
 time this reaches you, and our friend Townsend on a Matrimonial voyage 
 to New York. To your father, mother & sisters, Blowers and family, to 
 Brinley and all my friends with you make assurances of my particular 
 recollection and friendship—Direct and forward the inclosed letter if you 
 know where: it is about half pay agency. 
 
 Adieu, Yours most affectionately, and unalterably, 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Brig. Gen. H. E. Pox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 14th April, 1784. 
 
 Dr. Winslow,—In the first place I must talk to you about the last 
 Letters you wrote here: you are too warm, & your idea of the Loyalists 
 and Provincials defending their Lands on the Saint John’s River was 
 by some means communicated to Sir Guy Carleton & at first I believe 
 much displeased him. But everything has been set to rights by your 
 Priends with him. 
 
 What I told you in my last has happened. Lord Sydney some days 
 ago sent an express to me, being with my Regiment at Stafford, & offered 
 me the Government of the New Province (which by the way is to be called 
 New Ireland) & informed me at the same time the Government General 
 was to be offered to Sir Guy Carleton. My answer was that my own 
 affairs, in which were involved those of my Nephew, were in such a critical 
 situation that I could not decide for a few Days. This was really the case 
 at that time—besides I wished to know what Sir Guy’s intentions were, 
 which to this moment I cannot find out. I returned to London yesterday 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 177 
 
 1784] 
 
 & this day informed Lord Sidney, after thanking him for his offer, that if 
 Sir Gny went I should he extremely happy to attend him. Lord Sydney 
 then surmised if no Governor General was sent would I accept of it; which 
 I gave in to provided Sir Guy or myself named the Principal Officers, or at 
 least I should have the power of putting the Negation upon any proposed. 
 All this tho’ not absolutely promised seemed agreed to. As from the hurry 
 of Election no council will be assembled for some days, I asked Lord Sidney 
 if he had any further commands, as I wished to return to my Regiment 
 which he agreed to, saying he would send an express to me when anything 
 was determined on. 
 
 I own, unless Sir Guy Carleton goes out Governor General, I do not 
 see much prospect of its going on well. I think myself they will tempt 
 him to go out, tho’ he at present does not seem inclined to it. At any 
 rate if I go Judge Ludlow goes as Chief Justice, that I settled with Lord 
 Sydney this mor nin g, & from conversation I have had with Sir Guy Carle- 
 ton—Upham, Blowers, & Chipman will be thought of. There is also an 
 out of doors report that if Sir Guy Carleton does not chuse to go, the 
 Government General will be offered to Gen. Yaughn or Christie, in either 
 which case I stay at home. The one I know nothing of, the other I know 
 too well. But this I believe is not true. 
 
 In case of this [my acceptance] taking place, I trust to what you 
 promised me when at Halifax of your acceptance of the Secretaryship of 
 the Province which I have accordingly settled with Sir Guy Carleton. 
 
 Notwithstanding all this, do not be too sanguine, as there are a thou¬ 
 sand things may happen to prevent the intended arrangement taking place, 
 particularly if Sir Guy Carleton does not go out as Governor General. I 
 for one am determined not to go without him, unless everything is so 
 arranged before hand as to have a prospect of success. I had omitted in 
 the beginning to tell you Col. Carleton is thought of as Governor of Que¬ 
 bec, & Musgrave for Halifax as soon as an appointment equal to the present 
 Governor’s abilitys can be found for him. If all this takes place I cer¬ 
 tainly go in good Company. 
 
 Billy Bayard has opposed all this & has handed about an intended 
 memorial for all Loyalists to sign requesting Governor Franklin might be 
 appointed Governor; but it met with so little encouragement from them 
 that he dropped it the second day having got only three or four names to 
 it. For Heaven’s sake keep the whole of this Letter to yourself, & be not 
 too sanguine or violent untill something is determined upon: I will write 
 to you the moment it is. 
 
 If we go out to you I believe I shall commission you to buy me some 
 Hovel at Maugerville for immediate use. There was Perlie’s, near Glasier’s 
 
178 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1784 
 
 house, a little below Peabody’s: if he would sell I think would do very well. 
 But nothing of this can be thought of at present. 
 
 Yours most sincerely, 
 
 [There is no signature, but the letter is endorsed as from Gen. Fox.] 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 April 17th, 1784—London. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I have written to you two days ago by the Tamer¬ 
 lane, Capt. Wilson, in which Vessel your Table Service of Crockery was 
 sent. There is nothing new to communicate since that time, but as Mr. 
 Green is going in another ship I cannot omit scribbling a line. Gen’l Fox 
 is gone out of Town, but is to be sent for by Lord Sydney, as soon as a 
 Cabinet Council shall be held, to receive the terms upon which he will 
 accept the Government of Yew Ireland, which will probably be in a week 
 or ten days. I find it is doubtful whether there will be any Governor 
 General, unless Sir Guy Carleton will go out—but it seems fixed beyond 
 all doubt that General Fox will be the Governor at St. John’s and Judge 
 Ludlow Chief Justice; no other part of the arrangement is yet determined 
 upon. 
 
 Gen’l Fox has again and again suggested his hopes that the triumph 
 you must naturally feel upon these new arrangements will not betray you 
 into any unguarded expressions of it at Halifax. It will be of consequence 
 that the least possible irritation should take place on the nart of the officers 
 of Government there, and the less is said upon the subject the better, till 
 we find ourselves established in our new Government, and able to defy 
 the attempts of our enemies to injure us. I need not enlarge on this sub¬ 
 ject I am sure: your friendship will excuse my saying so much. I thought 
 it necessary to put you upon your guard. 
 
 Tomorrow I set off for Bristol. I am heartily tired of this country 
 and anxiously wish to take you by the hand in our Land of promise the 
 Yew Canaan. 
 
 Adieu my dear Fellow. Tell all my friends I remember them most 
 affectionately and long to be with them. 
 
 Your unalterably devoted 
 
 Chip. 
 
 P. S. There is a letter from Gen’l Fox for you inclosed in mine on 
 board the Tamerlane. 
 
 Major John Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Carleton, Ap’l 20, 1784. 
 
 My dear Yed,—I have ree’d your letter by Major Barclay who has 
 been with me three days past, he arrived just in time to see little Hughes 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 179 
 
 put in the ground. Pray what do you think of my asking to be Clark of 
 the court, or County, and Judge of Probates? * * * Both 
 
 offices at present are very ill attended to; Simonds* is Judge of Probates, 
 who holds so many posts and has so much money that he’s crazy half his 
 time, and the other is vacant. 
 
 Barclay informs me your father is coming here immediatley, you must 
 inform the old gentleman it never was my intention he should come here 
 until the middle of summer. By that time my house will be comfortable 
 and his placet on the Biver in same order—. No time is to be lost in 
 sending round a power of attorney—to me if you please or any other friend 
 —to take possession immediately as it’s daily receiving very great injury; 
 the old Gentleman must also say what must he done to the place and his 
 plans shall he put in execution on as cheap a footing as possible; I am very 
 near to him and will pay him every attention. 
 
 I am a little disappointed about the seine t and wish much you would 
 endeavor to get one among some of your friends that left [New] York. 
 At this juncture I can not purchase and I shall have no fish this season 
 without one. On enquiry I find the season lasts as long at Annapolis as 
 it does here, and it would be robbing Polly of the advantage of it on that 
 side. I should not have asked for it, but Nase represented that it could 
 not possibly be of any use to you. 
 
 * * * When the annual Ships arrive I must beg you will 
 
 let me hear fully from you what we are to expect. We shall be very 
 uncomfortable if not separated from Halifax. Mr. Finucane§ is very busy 
 attending to the complaints of those rascals—who by G— deserve halters 
 to a man. He is a prejudiced man, or I have formed a wrong opinion— 
 in a few days you will hear of his proceedings. I like his appearance, but 
 his brother should be hanged for his looks. We shall have a keen eye on 
 
 *The County of Sunbury at this time included the greater part of New 
 Brunswick. James Simonds was judge of probate. This gentleman was the 
 pioneer settler at St. John, and bis biography is contained in the articles on 
 “Portland Point” in the New Brunswick Magazine for 1898-1899. 
 
 fThe place here referred to was on the River St. John, near Westfield, where 
 Col. John Coffin himself resided. The removal thither of the elder Edward 
 Winslow was prevented by illness, followed by his death, at Halifax on June 
 9, 1784. His family then took up their residence at 'Portland Point. 
 
 JCol. Coffin had written to ask for the use of Winslow’s seine, but it was 
 doing such good work for the latter at Annapolis that he could not spare it. 
 
 §Chief Justice Finucane had been sent by Governor Parr to the River St. 
 John to investigate a variety of complaints that had been preferred by the 
 lower orders against their agents, and other matters. Elias Hardy, an attorney 
 of much ability, was the champion of the democracy, and as a consequence 
 incurred the wrath of Col. Coffin. The chief justice was accompanied in his 
 tour by his brother, Andrew Finucane. 
 
180 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1784 
 
 them & they will he acquainted with-our sentiments if he does not walk 
 very upright. 
 
 God bless you. I scarcely know what I have wrote, being in great 
 haste. My best love to your good Father & family. Don’t forget me. 
 Yours most affectionately, 
 
 Jno. Coffin.* 
 
 Chief Justice Finucane’s Investigation at Parr Town. 
 
 The Honorable Bryan Finucane, Chief Justice of the Province, having 
 arrived from Halifax to enquire into the complaints made by Mr. Hardy 
 in behalf of a number of People. The first business his honor proceeded 
 to enquire into was the complaints against the conduct of those who had 
 the distribution of Town Lotts, twenty nine charges having been exhibited 
 and delivered him in the hand writing of Mr. Dickinson, brother-in-law to 
 Mr. Hardy, and given to Mr. Leonard by his honor—which has since been 
 returned with answer to each charge. 
 
 Charges. 
 
 List of Persons, supposed to possess Lotts in Parr Town, larger or 
 more in number than their just proportion.— 
 
 1. Mr Leonard a large Lott beginning at the point of a Rock, and 
 running east about 600 feet; 100 feet wide on the water, the other side 
 something Shorter; on the longest are four Tenants, viz, Thos. Jennings, 
 Mr Smith, Capt. Kingston and Mr Barker. 
 
 *John Coffin was a native of Boston and a decided Loyalist. He served as a 
 volunteer at the battle of Bunker Hill. In the early part of 1777 he raised a 
 company of fifty men for the King’s Orange Rangers; his commission as captain 
 bears date Jan. 19, 1777. His company was engaged in the action of Fort Mont- 
 ogmery. On July 19, 1778, he exchanged with Capt. John Howard into the New 
 York volunteers, and went with that corps to Georgia the same year. He saw 
 hard fighting at Savannah, Hobkirk’s Hill, and at Cross Creek (near Charles¬ 
 ton). On various occasions his conduct won the admiration of his superiors. 
 At the battle of Eutaw Springs he was brevet major and greatly distinguished 
 himself. At the close of the war he retired with the rank of major to New 
 Brunswick, and settled on his property at the Nerepis, which he called “Alwyng- 
 ton Manor.” He was active in political life, and represented Kings County in 
 the house of assembly. He was a warm partizan: in 1783 he fought a duel with 
 Col. Campbell; on Feb. 25, 1797, he fought a duel near Fredericton with James 
 Glenie, and on Aug. 13, 1803, he fought a duel near Fort Howe with Capt. Foy, 
 a stepson of Lt. Gov. Carleton. In the year 1797 he attained the rank of colonel 
 in the army, was advanced to that of brigadier general in 1799, major general 
 in 1803, lieutenant general in 1809, and general in 1819. In the war of 1812 he 
 raised the New Brunswick Fencibles, in lieu of the former Fenoible regiment, 
 which on Feb. 4, 1811, "was incorporated in the line as the 104th regiment. 
 General Coffin took an active part in public matters, such as education, improve¬ 
 ment of highways, &c. He was appointed superintendent Of the Indian schools 
 established in the province by the “New England Company,” so called, for 
 educating and Christianizing the Indians. A pretty full biography of Gen. 
 Coffin is given in Sabine’s American Loyalists. A very unreliable one was 
 published by his family. His descendants attained distinction in the army and 
 navy. He died at his home, “Alwyngton Manor,” on the Nerepis, in 1838, at the 
 age of 87 years. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 181 
 
 2. Mr. Harding one Lott of 100 feet in front on the water and 400 
 feet deep. 
 
 3. Rev. John Sayre one Lott 100 feet in front on the water and 400 
 feet deep. 
 
 4. Mr. Beadle, Surveyor, in front on the water 200 feet and 400 feet 
 deep, with three Tenants, of which one, a Baker, pays 18 Dollars pr. an¬ 
 num ground rent, and another 20 Dollars. 
 
 5. Capt. Allison 100 feet on the front and 400 feet deep, also a water 
 Lott with a Tenant a Mr. Jarvis. 
 
 6. James Peters a Lott 100 feet on the east side of Water Street, 
 running hack 400 feet and fronting on Germain Street. Also 100 feet on 
 the West side of Water Street and extending to the water, one Tenant, Mr. 
 Norroway. 
 
 7. Col. Allen a large Lott 100 feet on the east side of Water Street, 
 400 feet deep, extending to Germain Street. Also 100 feet on the west 
 side of Water street, extending to the water, lately purchased by Mr. Hors- 
 field, two Tenants, Mr. Pamilla and Mr. Beane. 
 
 8. Mr. Dibblee 100 feet front on the east side of Water street, 400 
 feet deep to Germain Street, joining the water, out of which two common 
 Lotts were given to Munson Jarvis and Samuel Jarvis. 
 
 9. Col. Tyng one large Lott 100 feet front on the east side of Water 
 street and runs 400 feet and fronts on Germain Street. Also 100 feet on 
 the west side of Water Street extending to the water. 
 
 10. A lot of equal dimensions, reserved for Col. Upham now in 
 England, lately transferred to Capt. Camp, before held 5 Lotts for self 
 and two sons* one of which Lotts Mr. Camp sold for 30 Guineas, and part 
 of said Lott given to Mr. Norroway. 
 
 11. Mr. Street’s Lott 50 feet in front on water, also a Lott on the 
 east side of Water Street 50 feet front and 400 feet deep. 
 
 12. Mr. Arnold, Town Clerk, one Lott 50 feet front on Water Street. 
 Also a Lott on the east side of Water Street 50 feet front and 400 feet 
 deep. A Mrs. Hacket bought one half of a Lott 50 feet by 200 of Mr. 
 Arnold for which she paid him fifteen Guineas. 
 
 13. Col. De Yebber a Lott 150 feet front on Germain Street and 
 200 feet deep. 
 
 14. Major Murray, now in England, 3 Lotts 50 feet front each and 
 200 feet deep. 
 
 15. Capt. Hallet 6 Lotts for himself and sons. 
 
 16. Capt. Jones 4 Lotts fronting on Guilford Street. 
 
 17. John Colville 2 Lotts. 
 
 18. Charles Loosely 2 Lotts. 
 
 19. Thomas Elms 2 Lotts. -- - 
 
182 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 1784] 
 
 20. John Menzies 2 Lotts. 
 
 21. Nathaniel Horton 2 Lotts. 
 
 22. Bartholomew Crannell 2 Lotts. 
 
 23. Thomas Clark a number of Lotts. 
 
 24. Capt. Dunbar 2 Lotts. 
 
 25. Capt. Campbell 2 Lotts—one at Carleton & 1 at Parr. 
 
 26. Elias Wright a number of Lotts. 
 
 27. William Wright a number of Lotts. 
 
 28. Mr. Lester 2 Lotts. 
 
 29. Major Menzies 3 Lotts, 1 purchased for his son and another 
 drawn. 
 
 April 23, 1784. - 
 
 The answer of Mr. Leonard, one of the Directors for distributing the 
 Lotts in the Town of Parr, to several supposed Grievances presented to 
 the Honorable Chief Justice in an anonymous Paper. 
 
 No. 1. Mr. Leonard having by a fair and legal draft of Town Lotts 
 drawn No. 58 & 59, (being then but one Lott and the most valuable in 
 the Town), he having a principal direction in settling and forming the 
 town—to avoid the appearance of Partiality—exchanged his Lott for one 
 at the extremity of the Town, 1600 feet deep and 100 feet in front, many of 
 same size being drawn by others. The arrival of more people from New 
 York than was expected induced him with others to reduce their Lotts 
 from time to time as the fleets arrived with Loyalists until he was left 
 with only 100 by 250 feet, fifty feet only being on the water. There are 
 three Tenants on Mr. Leonard’s Lott instead of four mentioned in the 
 charge, who are all provided with Lotts in the best and most conspicuous 
 part of the Town and have therefore no cause for complaint. His situation 
 and improvements hath now become the object of envy of a few malicious 
 men. He is however ready to give up his Lott with all the improvements, 
 which cost him 500 guineas, on the following condition, viz., to return him 
 back the sixteenth part of his former Lott, which he became lawfully pos¬ 
 sessed of—or more, if desired by a sixteenth part of the Gentlemen and 
 others (who have any pretentions to Town Lotts or any bounties of Gov¬ 
 ernment) who have been knowing to his exertions in promoting the settle¬ 
 ment without a prospect of compensation. These are the simple terms by 
 which he will with cheerfulness resign his lawful right, obtained in a fair 
 and honorable way, and on no other conditions but by an order from the 
 Governor and Council. 
 
 2. Mr. Harding one Lott 50 feet by 200, never owned more. 
 
 3. Rev’d John Sayre, with two sons in trade, owners of two Lotts 
 only, 50 feet by 200, and a Clergyman his brother [owner of one lot] they 
 having given up the remainder of the 100 by 1600 feet. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 183 
 
 4. Mr. Beadle arrived in the first fleet, drew with the first class, 100 
 by 1600 feet, but has long since given up all except 100 by 200 which is 
 subdivided between Joseph Beadle Esq, Joseph Beadle Jun’r, John & Paul 
 Beadle, who are all present and entitled to Lotts. Has also given permis¬ 
 sion to a baker (who holds a good lot of his own) through a particular 
 desire to serve the man. There is another man in the House of Mr. Beadle 
 who are all the Tenants mentioned in the charge. 
 
 5. Capt. Allison has one Lott 50 feet by 200, with a small spot on 
 the water of 25 feet front, having drawn a Lott 100 by 1600 feet. 
 
 6. Mr. Peters has but one Lot, 50 by 200 feet and the water in front, 
 having also drawn a Lot 100 by 1600 feet. 
 
 7. Col. Allen drew a Lott 1600 feet deep, afterwards it was reduced 
 to 200 feet, when he had three dwelling houses erected, and now sold to 
 Mr. Horsfield. 
 
 8. Mr. Dibble having drawn a Lott 100 by 1600 feet resigned all but 
 100 by 200 feet which he afterwards divided with a Mr. Campbell, a Mer¬ 
 chant, who left this place late in the fall for Europe to bring out a quantity 
 of Goods, reserving also a steep bank oposite to the Lott being of little use. 
 
 9. Col. Tyng having no water Lott; the back part of his Lot of little 
 use, being a steep high rock. 
 
 10. Col. Upham has no Lot, the one reserved for him became for¬ 
 feited with many others in November last, one half of which was given to 
 Capt. Camp, 50 feet by 200, who has no other room for a house. He has 
 beside a small piece of land on the bank below the Lott unfit for any use 
 but a store. Capt. Camp sold no lot belonging to himself. The other 
 part of Major Upham’s Lott was given to Mr. Norroway who has no other. 
 
 11. Mr. Street having drawn a Lott of 100 by 1600 feet has with 
 others given all up to the number of feet mentioned-in the first charge. 
 
 12. Mr. Arnold having drawn one Lott 50 feet by 200, disposed of 
 one half to accommodate a Friend; the rest of the charge against Mr. 
 Arnold is preposterous to the last degree. 
 
 13. Col. De Vebber having drawn only one Lot for himself, one for 
 his son. The other is a present made by Capt. Maxwell to his Familv, of 
 which he has informed the Chief Justice. 
 
 14. Major Murray drew a lot 100 by 1600 feet all being disposed of 
 [to others] in the month of November last, except 50 feet by 200. Major 
 Murray left this place for England in November after doing everything 
 to promote the settlement by employing a number of men* in clearing the 
 streets at the first formation of the Town. 
 
 ♦The men employed by Major Murray were soldiers of his regiment, the 
 King’s American Dragoons. 
 
184 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 15. Capt. Hallet one Lot 80 feet by 100, the rest of the Lotts men¬ 
 tioned were for the people present who applyed with him when he drew 
 his own. 
 
 16. Capt. Jones drew one Lot for himself and three for three men 
 belonging to his company who are now here and entitled to Lotts. 
 
 17. John Colville drew one Lot; also twenty five feet on the water 
 was given to him to build a wharf much wanted by the public, and as an 
 encouragement for others to begin so necessary an undertaking for the 
 preservation of Boats and small craft. 
 
 18. Charles Loosely drew one Lott and one was given him in another 
 part of the town for the purpose of its being occupyed for a Tavern, much 
 wanted at that early period, which lot is now considered as the public’s 
 and he has no right to dispose of it, only the improvements. 
 
 19. Thomas Elms drew one Lott and became possessed of another 
 by the death of Martin Lowick who died in his debt. 
 
 20. Capt. Menzies, being Capt. of a Company of Refugees, returned 
 his company to Mr. Leonard for Lotts, who is not able to say concerning 
 the distribution of them at present; believes he has only one Lott reserved 
 for himself. 
 
 21. Nathaniel Horton has only one Lott. The other mentioned in 
 the Charge belongs to Mr. Seymour, who left this place this winter after 
 improvements were made on the Lot for the West Indies, is hourly ex¬ 
 pected with a cargo. 
 
 22. Bartholomew Crannell purchased a house and Lott on his arrival 
 to shelter his Family, and afterwards drew one in in his own Name. 
 
 23. Thomas Clark, but one Lott entered on the list; what he has 
 purchased Mr. Leonard is unacquainted with. He lives opposite the Chief 
 Justice. 
 
 24. Mr. Leonard is unacquainted with the circumstances of Capt. 
 Dunbar’s having two Lotts and he being present can answer for himself, 
 only one Lot entered on the list for him. 
 
 25. The only Charge founded in Truth, except Mr. Street’s, Capt. 
 Campbell having one Lott in Carleton and one at Parr. 
 
 26. Elias Wright, drawn one Lott only, what he has purchased, Mr. 
 Leonard is unacquainted with. 
 
 27. William Wright, one Lott for himself. He drew thirty eight 
 for his Company, which were justly, as he says, distributed to them. 
 
 28. Mr. Lester drew one Lott and purchased another to put a bake 
 House on, that it need not endanger any building near it. 
 
 29. Major Menzies one Lott purchased for his son, another drawn 
 for himself. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 185 
 
 Tertullus Dickinson to Chief Justice Finucane. 
 
 To the Honorable Bryan Finucane Esq’r, Chief Justice of his Majes¬ 
 ty’s Province of Nova Scotia, &c, &c;— 
 
 The memorial of Tertullus Dickinson sheweth:— 
 
 That your Memorialist, whose Loyalty & Losses will appear in the 
 certificate enclosed, arrived at Parr Town from New York with his family 
 in November last and applyed to Mr. Leonard, who conducted that busi¬ 
 ness, for a town Lott, which he could not then obtain and was therefore 
 obliged to hire a house for himself & family. 
 
 That a lot has been since offered him but in a situation which is not 
 convenient for trade or navigation. 
 
 That as he proposes entering into business extensively as a merchant 
 he humbly requests your Honor to grant him a Lott more conveniently 
 situated out of those which he expects will appear to he supernumerary in 
 the hands of the present holders. 
 
 And your Memorialist, &c, &c, 
 
 Tertullus Dickinson. 
 
 George Leonard’s remarks on above Memorial. 
 
 Mr. Dickinson arrived late in November when all the most valuable 
 Lotts were disposed of except the one offered him, which being centrical 
 & in one of the best streets and but a short distance from the water. No. 
 78* as appears on the map. The suggestion of being obliged to hire a 
 house is absurd in the memorialist as it is well known the season would 
 not permit him to build one, besides the shortness of the time after he 
 had applyed before he had a Lot appointed him. Manv who propose and 
 actually are in trade, whose pretensions are equally good with Mr. Dick¬ 
 inson and who have done everything in their power to promote and facili¬ 
 tate the settlement, do not unjustly expect the priviledges and property 
 of others taken and bestowed on them. 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Parr on the River St. John, April 23d, 1784. 
 
 N. B. Mr Dickinson did & said every thing previous to his leaving 
 New York, which was late in November, to counteract the good intentions 
 of Sir Guy Carleton in sending the Loyalists into this province. He 
 reprobated the Idea before the first fleet sailed and continued to discour¬ 
 age every person of his acquaintance untill he left New York himself for 
 this place in a small vessel on a trading voyage only, but finding that 
 money may he obtained here in trade concluded to stay. This is the short 
 history of Mr. Hardy’s brother in law, which the Chief Justice has paid 
 a particular attention to in giving him two valuable lots, one on the water 
 in the centre of the town and another a few yards distance. 
 
 *Lot No. 78 was on the west side of Germain street, near Queen street. 
 
186 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Parr, April 30th, 1784. 
 
 My dear Sir,— * * * The Chief Justice has arrived 
 
 here for the purpose as he says of enquiring into and redressing griev¬ 
 ances. Unfortunately the complaints are greater and the breach wider 
 than before he arrived—which had totally subsided, the malcontents had 
 acknowledged their folly and absurdity in attending to the suggestions of 
 a Mr. Hardy, who has returned here with him and has scarcely left his 
 elbow since he arrived to the exclusion of a number of gentlemen (who 
 had no complaints preferred against them nor they against others) who 
 would have readily advised with him in any matters that concerned the 
 Settlements in this part of the Province. This would have gained him 
 popularity, and would have supported the authority of the place, so neces¬ 
 sary at the first forming of a new settlement, and his conduct might have 
 been in this consistent with perfect justice. He has unfortunately lost 
 these advantages, and has thrown the Town into confusion by attending 
 to the illiberal insinuations of that man Hardy. The feelings of the gen¬ 
 tlemen are hurt and many of the undeserving people, which are Hardy’s 
 connections, are benefited by his partial decisions. 
 
 Those who have hitherto had the direction of matters here are in a 
 strange and indelicate way sent for before him, and in the presence of that 
 Man charged in the language and tone of a Bashaw with wrong and partial 
 conduct, without any regular mode of enquiry into it. 
 
 The Town Lotts, which are the present subject of dispute, have been 
 divided and subdivided on the arrival of almost every Fleet, to accommo¬ 
 date the Loyalists as they came, who were more numerous than was 
 expected, until the Lotts of those who came first (who had gone to the 
 task and expence in forming the Town) had been reduced to one sixteenth 
 part of their former number of feet—which they had obtained by a fair 
 and legal draft. At last a few of Mr. Hardy’s connections arrived, late 
 in the fall, and are now endeavouring to push back those who are justly 
 entitled to their Lotts, and themselves come in on the front of the Town 
 near the water. On the above principle of Mr. Hardy, supported by the 
 Chief Justice, we must on the next emigration from Hew Gate, or else¬ 
 where, divide and subdivide again and again. I will if I have time to 
 have them copied, enclose you 29 of their charges and answers to each. I 
 will venture to say there is not three gentlemen that approves of the least 
 alteration in the place, but wish that fellow to the D—1 and all his party 
 (meaning Hardy). 
 
 For God’s sake let us have in our new-expected Province a Chief 
 Justice that will not give credit to every idle report from Barbers and Grog 
 shops, as this man has done since he has been here. The enclosed letter 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 187 
 
 and answer will shew the credulity of the man. His instability also is 
 inconceivable—he condemned the measure of having any part of the Town 
 that lay on the water occupied by Individuals, claiming that it should have 
 been reserved for Public uses, when Wharfs were so necessary for Trade 
 and for the preservation of Boats and small craft. He ordered a Hand 
 Bill to be put up in several parts of the Town prohibiting people from 
 going on with their improvements. He was forewarned of the conse¬ 
 quence, he however said he would try the matter, but was by the experi¬ 
 ment soon convinced of the impropriety of the measure and ordered them 
 to be recalled. * * * 
 
 My dear Sir, why was not that good man Lieut. Governor Panning 
 requested to go on this important business, if it was thought of such 
 importance by the Governor. The decrees of Colonel Fanning, right or 
 wrong, would have been well received from the great opinion we have of 
 him here. 
 
 You will see by the 14th charge the observations on Major Murray’s 
 Lott and my answer: notwithstanding which the Chief Justice has given 
 it away as also yours. Murray’s is given to a Mr. Melvin,* Secretary to 
 a committee of correspondence that Hardy had here during the time he 
 was at Halifax. He was a Sutler to the army at Kings Bridge, was turned 
 out of the Camp and his Hutt burnt for bad conduct. * * * 
 
 Poor Murray, who had cleared the Lott had done more in clearing the 
 streets at the first laying out of the Town than all the people in the Town 
 at that time besides. This shews the strength of his prejudices in favor 
 of Hardy and his attention to his recommendations. To a Mr. Dickenson, 
 a brother in law to Hardy, he has given two valuable Lotts—one on the 
 water and another along side of the one that was yours. 
 
 How far the Law will condemn me for being so free with the character 
 of „the first Magistrate you are the best judge, I should notwithstanding 
 be happy to be called to the proof of what I have related and to many 
 other matters that are equally absurd in him during the time he has been 
 here. 
 
 I am &c., 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 26 April, 1784. 
 
 You are not to start at the appearance of this letter. I feel that it 
 
 *The person referred to is probably David Melville, who in the “Royal St. 
 John’s Gazette and Nova Scotia Intelligencer,” of Sep. 9, 1784, prints an elaborate 
 prospectus headed “Proposals for printing by subscription an accurate his¬ 
 tory of the settlement of his Majesty’s exiled Loyalists on the north side of the 
 Bay of Fundy, formerly called Arcadia, on the River St. John.” The prospectus 
 shows David Melville to have been in sympathy with Elias Hardy and his party. 
 
188 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 will be a long one. The importance of the subject will justify even cir¬ 
 cumlocution and prolixity. Writing to you is like having a tete-a-tete 
 with myself. I am not shackled by any vulgar rules, I throw aside all 
 ideas of method and connection and perfectly satisfied that you will find 
 out my meaning I give you the unadorned language of my heart. You 
 know how zealously I have express’d myself on the subject of dividing the 
 province of Nova-Scotia and forming a government on the north west 
 side of the Bay of Fundy. * * * 
 
 I have seen, my dear Chipman (in the country which I have formerly 
 described to you), a vast collection of valuable men of different orders,— 
 men, respectable for their conduct, with their families and the little 
 remains of their property—unattended to, and ungoverned. I saw all 
 those Provincial Regiments, (which we have so frequently mustered) 
 landing in this inhospitable climate, in the month of October, without 
 shelter and without knowing where to find a place to reside. The ehagrine 
 of the officers was not to me so truly affecting as the poignant grief of the 
 men. Those respectable Serjeants of Robinson’s, Ludlow’s, Cruger’s, 
 Fanning’s,* &e., (once hospitable yeomen of the country) were addressing 
 me in a language which almost murdered me as I heard it. 
 
 “ Sir we have served all the War. Your Honor is witness how faith- 
 “ fully. We were promised land, We expected you had obtained it for 
 “us,—We like the country—only let us have a spot of own, and give 
 “ us such kind of regulations as will hinder bad men from injuring us.— 
 
 Think you Chipman that it could be possible for me to retreat from 
 a scene like this? Or do you think affecting as it was, that it would dis¬ 
 courage me from exertions—Ho! It had a contrary effect—it stimulated 
 me to propose to General Fox (who was also witness to their distress) the 
 plan of forming a separate Government, as the only possible means of 
 effectual relief—and to contribute to that relief was my ambition and my 
 motive. 
 
 That matter being settled I shall go on. 
 
 You have already received all the arguments (in favor of this plan) 
 which arise from local considerations. Since our first proposal vast num¬ 
 bers of settlers have arrived in that country. Almost all the people who 
 composed the Garrison of Penobscot, are now at Passamaquoddy. The 
 late Fencible Americans, D’cr. Paine with a large party; Sam Blissf with 
 another party—are there, in short the numbers are astonishing. All these 
 
 *These corps, viz., the Loyal American Regiment, DeLacey’s Brigade, and 
 the King’s American Regiment, were composed almost entirely of the Loyalist 
 yeomanry of the old colonies, and included many men of excellent reputation. 
 
 fSamuel Bliss was of Concord, Massachusetts, and a brother of Daniel Bliss, 
 who settled in Sunbury Co. He died at St. George, March 5, 1803. 
 
1784 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 men are waiting with the most eager impatience for some regulations in 
 their favor. All agree that nothing short of a separate Government can 
 effectually serve them. Surely it must happen. It must be for the 
 interest as well as the honor of the British Government, to save from 
 despair so many of its faithful subjects. Consoled with this idea we are 
 determined to expect it. The encouragement given in your letter has 
 revived us beyond all description. For Heaven sake don’t suffer us to he 
 disappointed. 
 
 It has been a question here, and perhaps may he the subject of enquiry 
 in England—Whether the British West Indies can be supplied with the 
 articles they want from Nova Scotia. I have occasionally, since my arrival 
 here, had much conversation with merchants and other well inform’d 
 Gentlemen on this subject, and I am perfectly satisfied in my own mind, 
 that the Countries of Nova-Scotia and Canada can supply the British West 
 Indies with every article they want. But as an ipse dixit, in a business 
 of this sort cannot be satisfactory, I will endeavor to give some reasons 
 for this opinion. 
 
 The articles usually exported from the American Provinces to the 
 West Indies are Lumber, Fish, Horses, & some Provisions. 
 
 To form a judgment of the quantity of Lumber which the country 
 produces, consider what has been the last year’s consumption in this pro¬ 
 vince. The towns of Shelburne, Digby, and those on St. John’s River, 
 and many inferior towns have been built in the course of last Year and 
 they now contain many thousand houses. The materials for building 
 those houses have been supplied without any great assistance from the 
 New Settlers, and the importation from the States has been very inconsid¬ 
 erable, because in most of those places the New Settlers have (injudiciously) 
 refused to traffic with them. It is fair reasoning to say—If such consid¬ 
 erable quantities of Lumber could be supplied (on an emergency) by the 
 former inhabitants (who God knows are not remarkable for their industry) 
 Surely it will increase immensely when a multitude of spirited men shall 
 find it an object worth their attention. The fund of timber is literally 
 inexhaustible. Take the plan of the River St. John’s, trace it from the 
 Entrance, observe the prodigious branches from it, the vast lakes in the 
 vicinity of it, from whence those streams run, Consider the extent of 
 country between that & Passamaquoddy, and the other way to Pitcoudiac. 
 Realize that the borders of those lakes & rivers are covered with timber of 
 almost every kind, and that the interior country as far as has been explored 
 furnishes timber in the same proportion. Look also at Passamaquoddy 
 Bay and the rivers which empty into that. 
 
 Omnipotence cannot effect the creation of more perfect streams for 
 mills than are to be found in all these places, and the transportation of 
 
190 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 lumber from the places of sawing to the places of Export is rendered per¬ 
 fectly easy because the currents always sett towards the latter. There 
 was nothing wanting but labourers, to procure almost any quantity of 
 lumber. The late acquisition of inhabitants—obviates that difficulty. 
 The kind of lumber which is used for building, and which is most essen¬ 
 tial, such as Frames, Joists, Plank, Boards, Clap-Boards, & Shingles will 
 be exported in great abundance from hence—immediately. And so will 
 Hoops, the Birch-hoops it is agreed are as durable and valuable as any in 
 the World. Staves, are the only article about which there is a doubt, & 
 staves I am told may be had in Canada. In my observations on this 
 business you’l recollect that I have confined myself principally to the 
 propose’d new province, and you will take it into consideration that there 
 are many places on the peninsula of Nova-Scotia from which large quan¬ 
 tities of lumber have been usually exported, and that the exports from 
 those places will increase in proportion to the increase of inhabitants. 
 Saw-mills are erecting & other improvements making in places where the 
 old Nova-Scotians never trod. A Capt. Taylor, of Stephen Delancey’s 
 regiment,* has commenced his operations at St. Mary’s Bay, and he now 
 supplies all the people who are settling about that Bay & the Sissiboo 
 river. New Mills are building in the neighborhood of Annapolis and 
 Granville,—& almost in every other considerable town. 
 
 I shall say but little on the subject of Fish because it must occur to 
 every man of common sense, that if the New-England Traders could find 
 a profit in sending their vessels to this coast for Fish,—those who inhabit 
 its borders can carry on the business to much greater advantage. The 
 exertions now making are very spirited and I have no doubt that the 
 exports of Fish from Shelburne & the other new places added to the former 
 usual exports from the old ports will be an ample supply for the West- 
 Indies this year. 
 
 Horses are reared with more facility in Canada & about St. John’s 
 than in any country I ever saw, and they are the best Hacks in the world. 
 
 Beef & Pork is produced in great abundance on the peninsula of 
 Nova-Scotia, more than is necessary for the inhabitants. Witness the 
 quantities that were brought to us during the siege of Boston. 
 
 I cannot speak or write of that country about the river St. John’s 
 without making use of such extravagant expressions as have a tendency 
 to lessen the weight of my testimonies in its favor. I acknowledge myself 
 to be a little romantic, but I will appeal to General Fox & others who,have 
 observed it without being so much in raptures, whether they ever beheld 
 a more delightful grass country, better cattle, or better grain, or more 
 abundant crops. 
 
 ♦Captain John Taylor of the first battalion. New Jersey Volunteers. 
 
1784J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 191 
 
 What then in the name of wonder should hinder ns from supplying 
 the West-India Islands with all the articles they want especially as the 
 privilege of doing it is effectually secured to us by the navigation-Act. 
 There has been an idea sported here that there would be either a suspen¬ 
 sion or a relaxation of that act but this 1 think can never happen. I 
 cannot imagine on what principle of politics such a measure could be 
 adopted. If the apprehension of inconvenience to the islands from the 
 operation of the act is the argument in favor of relaxing it, it must have 
 been suggested without due consideration. For (if the necessary attention 
 which the new settlers are obliged to give to their private matters during 
 the first Year, prevents any great speculations) the islands can’t suffer. 
 The Americans (if advantages result from the traffic) will bring their 
 commodities to our ports sell them to us—or make their vessels British- 
 Bottoms—give a spring to our commerce, and not greatly enhance the 
 price of the articles at the final market. This consideration will hold good 
 with respect to any other article which in future we may not be able to 
 supply. All these circumstances considered it appears to me there can 
 be no danger even of a relaxation of the act. Such an event would greatly 
 check the progress of our settlements. 
 
 Let me impress on your mind, my dear fellow, the necessity of the 
 immediate exertion of every friend to this country to effect the new 
 government. You can have no idea of the strange situation which those 
 people on the St. John’s side are now in. The difficulties which attend a 
 communication between that country & the present metropolis have been 
 severely experienced this season. The unfortunate Provincial Officers* & 
 others, who have from a concurrence of unaccountable accidents been 
 prevented from the possession of their lands, and have business of other 
 kinds to negotiate with the officers of Government here, have been led into 
 expenses which has deprived them of the small remains of their hard 
 earn’d money, and many of them who have been obliged to make the tour, 
 are reduced to distress from the necessary expences: Some of ’em reside 
 100 miles from the mouth of St. John’s, they have of course (after per¬ 
 forming that journey) to pass the Bay of Fundy and to travel by land from 
 Annapolis 130 miles more, and they arrive at a place where expences are 
 enormous, and the worst part of the story is that they have generally 
 returned without effecting their business. They invariably complain of 
 the want of an efficient and regular system of Government—they say, 
 
 *The Loyalists were prevented from getting settled on their lands for 
 reasons thus summarised by Col. Robert Morse:—“First, their arriving very 
 “ late in the season; second, timely provision not having been made by escheat - 
 “ ing and laying out lands ; thirdly, a sufficient number of surveyors not having 
 “ been employed; but lastly and principally, the want of foresight and wisdom 
 “ to make necessary arrangements and steadiness to carry them into execu- 
 “ tion.” , 
 
192 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 “their property is insecure & the spirit of enterprize check’d.” They also 
 say that there are suggestions of claims in consequence of former assign¬ 
 ments of lands, and the people are frighten’d at the idea of fixing a 
 residence on a property which is liable to contest. There are no attempts 
 to remedy these inconveniences—the feeble effort of sending the Chief 
 Justice with a Mr Elias Hardy to enquire into their grievances, can’t 
 possibly be attended with any salutary consequences. In short Chip, the 
 relief must be speedy. The clamour is now so great that (altho’ not war¬ 
 ranted by the information I received) I thought it necessary to send off 
 an express to Coffin & my other friends, to acquaint them of the prospect 
 of a government being established there. Late letters received from men 
 not accustomed to enumerate grievances, are filled with such melancholy 
 anticipations that I could not avoid endeavoring to relieve them. 
 
 As I don’t care how long my letter is, I’ll introduce another argument 
 in favour of dividing this province, which (if not of equal weight with 
 others) is of some consequence. You will I think enter into the spirit of 
 it. A large proportion of the old inhabitants of this country are natives 
 of New-England, or descendants from Hew Englanders, they, from their 
 situation, never experienced any of the inconveniences which resulted 
 from the violence of political animosity, they remained quiet during all 
 the persecutions in the other provinces—they retained a natural (perhaps 
 laudable) affection for their country. The rebel party were more indus¬ 
 trious, and their doctrines and principles were more greedily adopted, than 
 those of the other side, by degrees the Nova-Scotians became firmly 
 persuaded of the justice of their cause. Of this complexion are the public 
 officers, generally. On our side the principal people are men who have 
 served in a military line—irritable from a series of mortifications—scarcely 
 cooled from the ardor of resentment—jealous to an extreme, some of ’em 
 illiberally so. Either of these kinds of men may form useful societies 
 among themselves—but they can’t be mixed—separate them, and this very 
 difference of opinion will increase the emulation and contribute to the 
 general good; together—wrangles and contests would be unavoidable. 
 
 Lord Sydney’s declaration quoted in your letter, “That he will make 
 Nova-Scotia the envy of the American States,” has excited a kind of 
 general gratitude, I cannot describe it. Other ministers and Great men 
 have by their patronage of new settlers, relieved individuals from distress, 
 and rendered services to their country, but it is a Godlike task that Lord 
 Sydney has undertaken. Such an event as the present, never happened 
 before—perhaps never will happen again. There are assembled here an 
 immense multitude (not of dissolute vagrants such as commonly make the 
 first efforts to settle new countries,) but gentlemen of education—Farmers, 
 formerly independent—& reputable mechanics, who by the fortune of war 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 193 
 
 have been deprived of their property. They are as firmly attached to the 
 British constitution as if they never had made a sacrifice. Here they stand 
 with their wives and their children looking up for protection, and request¬ 
 ing such regulations as are necessary to the weal of society. To save these 
 from distress, to soothe and comfort them by extending indulgencies which 
 at the same time are essentially beneficial to the country at large, is truly 
 a noble duty. By Heaven we will' be the envy of the American States. 
 The obligation which we—St. John’s men feel for the proposal of giving 
 us a government is greatly enhanced by the consideration that the man 
 proposed to be placed at the head is perfectly calculated for the perform¬ 
 ance of the duty. General Fox is of a character so dignify’d—he is so 
 truly respectable for his services—has discovered such brilliant abilities, 
 such an enterprizing spirit & indefatigable industry, that we anticipate 
 the most important benefits from his exertions. When the people of the 
 neighboring states shall observe our operations—when they see us in the 
 enjoyment of a regular system of Government—protected by the mother 
 country—not sadled with enormous taxes, and compare their state with 
 ours, Will not they envy us? Surely they will. Many of their most 
 respectable Inhabitants will join us immediately. You have abilities my 
 friend of a superior kind, if there are yet obstacles in the way, exert all 
 your talents to remove them. The nobleman whose heart suggested an 
 idea so benevolent, cannot be inaccessible to men of sense. See Lord 
 Sydney, expatiate to him on the importance of the object—convince him 
 by fair reasoning, of the necessity of adopting the plan. I am so confident 
 of your success in the business that I have been enquiring where will 
 probably be the boundaries of our province. I find there are three opinions 
 on this subject. With respect to the western & northern bounds there 
 can be no doubt—the first will be wherever the American line is deter¬ 
 mined to run—the other will be the Canada line, so that the difference of 
 opinion arises only with respect to the southeastern boundary. Some 
 assert that the peninsula of Yova-Scotia should run nearly in a straight line 
 from the Bay of St. Mary’s to Tatamagouche Bay in the Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence—this would throw all the country to the west of Onslow into 
 the new province, & leave all the southern part of the peninsula & the 
 island of Cape Breton in the old province; and this ’tis said would be 
 sufficiently extensive, and will leave them more than an equal proportion 
 of navigable harbors. Others say that the line should strike across the 
 narrow isthmus which runs between the Bays of Yerte & Chignecto, & 
 (by including the island of St. John’s) sink the expence of that abortion 
 of a government. If the metropolis of the new province is fixed (as I 
 presume it will be) on the river St. John’s, the communication from 
 Cumberland & the places in the vicinity of it will be as convenient as the 
 
194 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 present communication with Halifax. Others contend that the river 
 Peticoudiac should he the boundary, and that Cumberland & the other 
 places must remain in the old province. One or the other of these three 
 will probably be the line. 
 
 I have presum’d that the seat of Government for the new province 
 will be on the river St. John’s, because that river must he nearly centrical, 
 and I should think it perfect good policy to establish the metropolis as 
 high up the river as St. Ann’s point.* It would have a tendency to extend 
 the settlements & enhance the value of the land above, it would facilitate 
 communication with Canada, which is a grand object. The situation is 
 delightful—exalted above all Freshets and directly opposite to the beau¬ 
 tiful Eiver Nashwaagh. The country about it is inconceivably fertile, and 
 the navigation for small vessels not only practicable but convenient. The 
 great town of Maugerville is in its neighborhood, and so perfectly culti¬ 
 vated, even at this time as to afford an immediate supply for your market. 
 A communication with Passamaquoddy over land is easily effected, & the 
 distance not very considerable. All these circumstances render it a very 
 eligible situation. If the towns at the mouth of the river become great 
 the Governor may prevent inconveniences to them by an occasional resi¬ 
 dence there. 
 
 You see how serious I am in my arrangements. Don’t dub me an 
 enthusiast—these sentiments are not the effect of giddiness—they do not 
 arise from reveries or a propensity to castle-building—they are the effects 
 of deliberate consideration. They may not be well expressed—if they are 
 intelligible I shall be satisfy’d. 
 
 Eely on’t Chip—once more, that if the plan suggested takes place— 
 If Sir Guy Carleton comes out Governor General—a separate Government 
 form’d—and some changes take place in this—ISTova-Scotia will rise in 
 importance beyond the expectation of the most sanguine of its advocates. 
 Pray will Mr. Watson’s election to represent the City! urevent him from 
 making an excursion? I hope not. 
 
 It is so painful a task to censure as a Governor a man whom one 
 esteems as a gentleman, that I will transfer the duty of relating the strange 
 absurdities which are committed here, to our friend Coffin—he has had the 
 same opportunity that I have, to make his observations—and he will com¬ 
 municate them with that freedom & impartiality which marks his char¬ 
 acter. 
 
 Are you tired? you have courted this kind of dissertation—make the 
 best of it. 
 
 *Edward Winslow’s advocacy of this site largely influenced its selection by 
 the governor and council. There can be no doubt of this in the mind of any one 
 who reads the correspondence in this book. 
 
 fThe reference is to the recent election of Brook Watson as a member of 
 parliament for a London constituency. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 195 
 
 Now for a matter of a little consequence to myself. From whence 
 arose the idea that I shall lose my half pay while I am serving as Secretary 
 to Gen. Campbell? Surely it would be extremely unjust to call me from 
 my private pursuits into a scene of expence and complicated labor, without 
 any allowance. My friends have been employed in erecting houses & 
 improving lands—and have been in the uninterrupted enjovment of their 
 domestic comforts. I have been separated from my family, I have lost 
 a whole year’s exertion on my land. I have no house built—or improve¬ 
 ment made, but I’ve been constantly confined to this expensive uncom¬ 
 fortable place. I will not boast that I have been industrious. I leave it 
 to my friends to describe the scene of business in which I’ve been involved, 
 General Campbell, in consideration, allows me 10s. per day, & it’s paid not 
 by warrant, but out of the contingencies of the army. It never can be 
 supposed that a temporary employment like this is what’s meant by fold¬ 
 ing an employment under Government.” If it’s so construed I am once 
 more ruined effectually, for except my 10s a day I’ll be hanged if I’ve made 
 a farthing, with all the economy I’m master of I am in debt 70 or 80 
 guineas. Gen’l Fox will advise you how to manage this matter. It woujd 
 be too barbarous to deprive me of my half pay. 
 
 Well done Sir Benjamin! The next news we hear will probably be 
 that he has mounted a Baloon—taken his flight from Bavaria—and is 
 Chief Engineer to an Aerial Queen. I hope he’ll not take a position over 
 the river St. John’s, for fear of accidents. 
 
 The old Gentleman writes you. You will hear of his late misfortune. 
 I need not say anything to stimulate my friends to afford him their assist¬ 
 ance. 
 
 I congratulate you Chip upon finding and saving an unfortunate 
 Brother. It is a pleasure that will last you a great while. 
 
 I thank Lord Sackville for mentioning my name. I have a great 
 respect for Lord Sackville. I intended doing myself the honor of writing 
 to him—and if I thought it would afford him amusement, I would certainly 
 write. 
 
 As I shall write you tomorrow I will make no apology for the concise¬ 
 ness of this, only the ordinary one—hurry of business &e. &c. 
 
 If the Devil was at the door among the other memorialists he should 
 not divert my attention from anything that could contribute to your 
 interest or pleasure. 
 
 Most cordially & 
 
 uncommonly yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
196 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Dr. William Paine to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Le Tete Island,* Passamaquoddy 
 
 April the 26th, 1784. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—By this opportunity, I have the Pleasure of informing 
 you, that I have been particularly fortunate in locating my land at Passa¬ 
 maquoddy. The Harbour of L’Etang where it is proposed to build a 
 Town, is decidedly the best in America. It is shelter’d from all winds, 
 and accessible at all seasons of the year. Last Winter was the severest 
 Season ever known in America, yet at this Place I was informed by Mr. 
 Bliss and Grant, (two half pay Officers) who remained here with their 
 Familys, that they never saw any ice in the Harbour. This is an advantage 
 that cannot be estimated. I have reconnoitred the adjacent Country, 
 which at present is an immense Forest, with the greatest care and atten¬ 
 tion. It exceeds any part of New England that I am acquainted with. 
 After leaving the Sea Coast for two or three Miles, you open a Country 
 free from Stones and covered with very fine Wood. Yon meet with a great 
 variety of Trees in this Place, hut the White, and Yellow Pine, Rock 
 Maple, Black, Yellow, and White Birch, Snruce, Fir, Ash, and Elm, are 
 the principal Trees, that will make Lumber for exportation. Of these we 
 have an inexhaustible Fund. Our situation is equally eligible for carrying 
 on the Fishery; as a convincing proof of this, there is at this time not less 
 than Twenty Sail of Fishermen in this Bay, industriously employed in 
 catching Fish, from New England. 
 
 The inclosed Letter from my Friend Mr. Pagan, at St. Andrews, will 
 make you farther acquainted with the Advantages of our Bay. 
 
 I am so much engaged, that I cannot at present, he more particular, 
 hut expect to hear again from me. 
 
 Adieu, and believe me. 
 
 Your sincere Friend, 
 
 _ __ William Paine, t 
 
 *This island is now called Calef’s or Frye’s Island. Its situation was greatly 
 admired by Colonel Robert Morse, who speaks in the warmest terms of the 
 adjoining harbor of L’Etang. It is indeed a fine harbor, though the anticipated 
 town has not yet been built in that locality. The letters that follow in these 
 pages were designed to support the efforts of those who were at this time work¬ 
 ing for the division of the old province of Nova Scotia and the formation of a 
 new province on the north side of the Bay of Fundy. 
 
 fDoctor William Paine of Worcester, Mass., is here referred to. A short 
 biography of him will be found in the Collections of the N. B. Historical Society, 
 vol. 1, p. 273. He was the first clerk of the house of assembly, and was energetic 
 in the promotion of education. As early as 1785 he was a prime mover in the 
 establishment of a provincial academy. He settled at Le Tete (or Calef’s) 
 Island, the situation of which he deemed so admirable that he expressed his 
 conviction that it would ultimately become the principal port in British North 
 America. It is said that at a dinner party given by Dr< Paine in Worcester 
 shortly before the Revolution, some of the Whigs refused to drink the King's 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 197 
 
 Lieut. Col. Fanning to Ward Cfripman. 
 
 Halifax 27th April, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Hearing from our worthy Friend Col. Winslow that; You 
 are in England, and that ’tis suggested a Hew Government is likely to he 
 formed on* * the River St. John’s, of which you will probably become an 
 Inhabitant, I think it but candid and friendly to inform you, that You 
 may acquaint Br. Gen. Fox, whom I hear is to be appointed Governor of 
 it, that there is a Commerce commencing from thence with the West 
 Indias. That thay have actually loaded six large vessels with inch Boards, 
 White Oak Staves, Hoop poles, &c., for the West Indias. And Several 
 Capital Merchants of this province have lately expressed to me their readi¬ 
 ness and Wishes to contract to supply all the West India Islands with 
 Lumber for Twenty Years to come. Much Publick Benefit & National 
 Advantage may be reasonably hoped from an Encrease of such a Communi¬ 
 cation, if a proper encouragement is given to the Inhabitants of His 
 Majesty’s remaining Colonies, and a wise restriction laid on the Commerce 
 from the American States to the Islands. Notwithstanding the immense 
 demand of the New Settlers on the St. John’s, the Boards shipped in the 
 above mentioned, was purchased there for thirty, & five and Thirty Shill¬ 
 ings a Thousand. Enquire for Mr John Maclellan at the New York Coffee 
 House for further Information on this Subject. 
 
 I have only time to request You to present my Compliments to all our 
 Friends with You & to assure You that I am, with much Esteem & Regard, 
 D’r. Sir, Your most Obed’t Servant, 
 
 Edm’d. Fanning. 
 
 Col. Beverly Robinson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Mortlake jin Surrey) Apr. 29th, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I wrote you the 19th Instant inclosing some Letters & 
 Newspapers for Beverly.* I also wrote you the same day by Mr. Goodall, 
 recommending him to your notice as a friend of mine; he is a Merchant 
 in London & is gone to Canada to settle some matters there & will visit 
 Halifax about Aug’t next when he will deliver you my Letter. 
 
 I now again take the liberty of troubling you with the inclosed letters 
 
 health until John Adams advised them to comply, saying we shall be able to 
 return the compliment. Accordingly, Adams, when asked to propose a toast 
 gave “the Devil.” Doctor Paine was very indignant, but his wife with ready 
 wit turned the laugh on John Adams by saying, “My dear, as the gentleman 
 has been so kind as to drink the health of the King, let us by no means refuse 
 to drink to his friend.” After a few years’ residence in New Brunswick Dr 
 Paine returned to Massachusetts, where he died in 1833, in his 84th year.’ 
 
 *The reference is to his son, Lieut. Col. Beverley Robinson, who was at this 
 time living at Annapolis with his family (in which nine servants were included) 
 His biography is given in Sabine’s American Loyalists. 
 
198 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 for my boys, and beg you will be so good as to forward them. The large 
 package, marked newspapers, yon are welcome to open & peruse if you 
 have none by any other Channel so late. What can I say to you about 
 Politics? I can say nothing but what you will see in the papers, and 
 therefore must refer you to them, and they contain nothing but about 
 Elections. The Election for Westminster has now been warmly contested 
 for 25 days. Lord Hood carrys it hollow, but the Struggle is very hard 
 between Mr. Fox & Sir Cecil Wray: for the first two or three days Fox was 
 ahead, the next 12 or 14 Sir Cecil lead, for a week past Fox got ahead again 
 & was yesterday 41 before the Knight, and most people think he will carry 
 it, mearly by Industry and Good Management; at any rate there will be a 
 Scrutiny demanded let who will be foremost at the close of the poll, & that 
 they tell me will take up six months, and in that case none of the three 
 will sit in Parliament the next Session. The members of the last Opposi¬ 
 tion have lost their Elections almost everywhere, and it is thought Mr. 
 Pitt will have a great majority. I hope he will not take Lord S[helbum]e 
 into the ministry which has been talked of for some time. 
 
 The Affairs of the Loyalists* goes on but slowly; these troublesome 
 Elections have taken up the time & attention of the Commissioners for 
 some time but they are going on again: they seem to take great pains and 
 pay attention to our unhappy situation, but they have a troublesome and 
 difficult task to go thro’. Many very Extraordinary Claims are given in, 
 such as you would be astonished to see. I have not had my hearing yet & 
 don’t expect it in less than two months, so many there are before me; but 
 what appears very extra’y to me they will not enter upon Examination of 
 any Claims given by Attorneys, but say every person who makes any 
 demand on Government must apply in person. However they rec’d the 
 claims into their office in order to keep them alive, that they may not be 
 totally excluded according to the Act of Parliament, and the matter of 
 hearing them by the Attorneys will be determined hereafter, which they 
 certainly must do, there are so many claims given in by Attorneys that it 
 would be a very unjust thing to throw them out unless the principal came 
 here. As the matter is like to be so very tedious, the Commiss’rs have 
 recommended, I believe, most that have applyed for a temporary support 
 from £40 to £200 a year, which is the highest they can go. I have been 
 under the necessity of asking for such a support and they have allowed me 
 £200 a year commencing ye 5th of Jan’y last in addition to my half pay, 
 which makes me nearly full pay. 
 
 I have the pleasure to tell you we are all hearty and well and join in 
 
 *The reference is to the investigation of their claims for compensation for 
 losses incurred in consequence of the war by commissioners appointed for the 
 purpose. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEES 
 
 199 
 
 our respects to yon, and pray remember ns to Gen. Campbell & Captain 
 Addenbongh & believe me. 
 
 Your sincere friend, &c., 
 
 Bev. Robinson. 
 
 [Addressed “Col. Edward Winslow, Secretary to Gen’rl Campbell, 
 Halifax.”] 
 
 Major Barclay to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Wilmot, 30th April, 1784. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I have the pleasure to assure you, your dear Mary 
 and Children are well; on my return home, I waited on her to know if she 
 had any commands, but she had already sent them to Captain Thompson 
 who will deliver them. 
 
 The Chief Justice, I fancy, has found most of the complaints at St. 
 John’s frivolous, and many groundless. The only one he attends to is the 
 extent of the Water Lots. He by no means pretends to dictate and carries 
 himself much better than I imagined he would. His wish is to reconcile 
 parties; an impossibility, and in the pursuit of which he will displease both. 
 
 The death of Mr. Hughes (Sam Hughes) the Evening of our arrival, 
 gave me immediate possession of my office (Collector of Excise at St. 
 John’s.) From his papers, no knowledge of the Business of the Office can 
 be obtained. Will you be so good as to make yourself Master of it, by 
 applying at the Office, and send me a detail, as circumstantial as possible. 
 The worthy Col. Goold* will afford you every assistance. I wish my return 
 to this place may not be mentioned untill the Chief t arrives by whom I 
 shall write most particularly. I have made Col. Tyng my deputy untill 
 my return, which totally must depend on a Letter from you. Mary told 
 me the contents of your last letter. Should that wished for event take 
 place, I shall move bag & baggage immediately; without which the world 
 would not induce me to reside there. If an immediate Government is not 
 established at St. John’s, every species of disorder and confusion will ensue. 
 The Justices, unexceptionable as their Characters are, do not command 
 sufficient respect, and superior Courts are so remote, they laugh at the 
 Idea of a citation from them. Pray write me by the first conveyance, and 
 on what ground your hopes of seeing General Fox stand. I am so unwell 
 with a head Ache, I write this in bed. Believe me dear Wipslow, 
 
 With the sincerest Affection 
 
 Ever Yours, 
 
 Tho. Barclay. 
 
 P. S. When will the Brandywine come round. 
 
 ♦Colonel Arthur Goold, secretary of the province of Nova Scotia, 
 t Chief Justice Bryan Finucane. 
 
200 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lt. John Robinson.* 
 
 Mqy, 1784. 
 
 Dr. John,—I may have led you into a scrape, hut terminate how it 
 will my intentions were good. 
 
 General Campbell has discovered that the most infamous frauds have 
 been committed and the most scandalous impositions attempted in the 
 Returns for Rations from the Disbanded Corps & Loyalists, and he has 
 determined to put an end to those abuses if possible, and as the readiest 
 way to effect a reformation he has ordered that all the Corps and Classes 
 shall be immediately mustered, and he has appointed very respectable 
 gentlemen to superintend the business and assigned to every one his dis¬ 
 trict. He has given them ample powers and furnished them with particu¬ 
 lar instructions. 
 
 He desired me to name a man to perform the duty in the district of 
 Annapolis and I have taken the liberty of mentioning your name. As it 
 is that kind of an appointment which cannot interfere with your half-pay, 
 and as it is really confidential and important, I flatter myself you will have 
 no objection to accept it. The allowance will he 10s. a day while on duty. 
 My advice to you is that you proceed immediately to Annapolis and have 
 a consultation with Mr. Williams t and the Officer commanding, to whom 
 you will communicate your Instructions; that you divide your district into 
 four or five tracts and after fixing your route, publish your advertizements 
 in succession. 
 
 I shall inclose you a number of memorandum books which you will 
 use for the different classes and after having collected the several Lists 
 you will consolidate 'em into one general Return. Your instructions will 
 point out the intention of the appointment. By them you will see that 
 the General's principal wish is to obtain an accurate account of the number 
 and description of persons who have settled in the different districts and i 
 am sure you will be able to give it. You cannot be too minute. You will 
 have it in your power to do justice, &c, 
 
 [The above is a rough draught & lacks signature.] 
 
 William Pagan to Dr. William Paine. 
 
 St. Andrews, 2d May, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I have just learned of your arrival at Harbor FTang and 
 am in great hopes before your return to Halifax you will find time to pay 
 
 ♦Son of Colonel Beverley Robinson, gazetted ensign in the Loyal American 
 Regiment, November 15, 1777, and lieutenant in June, 1781. After living for a 
 while at Annapolis he came to St. John, and was deputy paymaster general of 
 the forces. He married a daughter of Chief Justice Ludlow; was a member of 
 the council of the province, mayor of the city of St. John, and first president 
 of the Bank of New Brunswick. He died in 1828, aged 67 years. 
 
 fThomas Williams, Esq., ordnance storekeeper and commissary at Anna¬ 
 polis. He was grandfather of Sir Wm. Fenwick Williams, the hero of Kars. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 our new Settlement a visit. You will find us in a state of infancy, but 
 when it is considered that there was not a single house erected till last 
 October, you will not think light of our exertions. 
 
 We have now about Ninety Houses up, and great preparations making 
 in every quarter of the Town for more. Numbers of Inhabitants are daily 
 arriving and a great many others are hourly looked for from different 
 quarters. Agents are now here from the neighboring States on the look 
 out for Lands for a number of valuable Inhabitants who wish to emigrate 
 here being tired of their new Government. 
 
 I have not been in your part of the Bay, but from information the 
 Lands are Good. I early this Spring made one of an Exploring Party. 
 We went all round Oak Point Bay, and up Scudock* River as far as the 
 Indian Settlement a little above the Falls. These are part of the Lands 
 laid out for the Associated Loyalists from Penobscot, and I can with plea¬ 
 sure assure you that the Land in general is very good, abounding with 
 large Quantitys of hard wood, all kinds of Pine Timber of a large growth 
 and very handy to the water where most vessels can safely anchor. There 
 are a number of Falls of water where Saw Mills can be erected, but only 
 two on Scuddock yet up. The Mill Privilidges on Oak Point Bay have 
 been lately sold to defray the charges of the Town, the purchasers are 
 making preparations to erect Saw Mills. The Timber is very handy to 
 the Mills and no end to the quantity. 
 
 There is a large growth of White Pine fit for Masts & Spars of any 
 dimensions. In fact from my own observation and from the information 
 I have had from undoubted authority I am fully convinced that the Grand 
 Bay of Passamaquoddy alone can supply the whole British West India 
 Islands with Boards, Plank, Scantling, Ranging Timber, Shingles, Clap 
 Boards and every species of Lumber that can be shipped from any part 
 of New England, oak staves excepted. Masts, spars and square timber, 
 suitable for the British Market, can be furnished to any extent from here, 
 and nothing prevents all these articles from being now furnished in the 
 greatest abundance, of the best quality and on at least equal terms with 
 any other part of the Continent, but the want of Inhabitants and Saw 
 Mills, in both which we have the most promising prospect of cutting a 
 very respectable figure in the course of this year. 
 
 The [easy] navigation to this Town exceeds any I have seen; no 
 person of any observation will want a Pilot after being once up, and we 
 are accessible at all seasons of the year. 
 
 The Fishery in this Bay you are no doubt sufficiently informed as to 
 the great extent it can be carried on. 
 
 Excuse the liberty I have taken in giving my opinion of our new 
 
 *Saint Croix. 
 
202 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 Settlement. I know yon are interested in its prosperity and will be pleased 
 with the accounts I have given, espetially when I assure you that I am 
 not governed by my own opinion alone, but also by the opinion of every 
 person who has taken any pains to explore this part of the country. 
 
 Should your time not permit you to pay us a visit now, I am in hopes 
 to have the pleasure of meeting you at St Johns where I shall set out in 
 a few days on my way to Halifax. 
 
 I am dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Will. Pagan. 
 
 William Hazen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Port Howe the 3 May, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I rec’d your favour 20th April; am very happy to find that 
 General Eox will be Placed at the head of a new government on this Side 
 of the Bay. I hope it will be very soon. 
 
 Every information will be collected with Eespect to Lumber &c., for 
 the West Indies by your Friends at this Place & forwarded to England to 
 Prevent the navigation act from being Repealed. I have not the Least 
 Doubt but there will be sufficient of Every kind after this year if there is 
 proper encouragement. 
 
 I am Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most ob’t Humbl. Servt. 
 
 Wm. Hazen.* 
 
 John Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Carleton, 5th May, 1784. 
 
 My dear Ned,—I have received your letter of the 20th Ap-1, the one 
 from Upham did not attend it as mentioned, but I can easily form an 
 opinion of its contents. Every thing in my power shall be done. I cannot 
 boast of many friends in power at home, but old Sir Guy shall have an 
 address from this Town with as handsome an invitation as we are capable 
 of penning. And as to the Act mentioned I cannot suppose our friends 
 at home ever will suffer it to be repealed; it’s an absolute fact that we can 
 supply the West Indies with what Lumber and fish they can consume, 
 excepting staves which are to be got from Canada in great abundance. 
 The prospect of our becoming a separate Government has elated me to that 
 
 ♦William Hazen, sr., was the business partner of Slmonds and White at 
 Portland Point. He was a member of the first council of the province. His 
 house, built at Portland Point in 1773, is still standing (1901) and in good repair. 
 For biographical sketch of Hon. William Hazen see New Brunswick Magazine for 
 Dec. 1898, pp. 316-324. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 degree as to render me totally unfit for any kind of business. By the day 
 our letters and papers are ready for England a vessel will sail from hence 
 for Europe. Mr. Campbell has informed me he has some direction about 
 your Father’s place. I wish he had been a little more explicit in his direc¬ 
 tions to me. One Merritt is at present on the place and will leave the 
 buildings that he has erected for fourteen guineas. It’s a great price 
 for them, as they will only serve for out houses, and not for any length of 
 time. But the Refugee that drew the lot had agreed to give that sum, so 
 1 don’t know how the old Gentleman can be off. As the season is now 
 advancing very fast, and as there is about ten acres of Land clear, I have 
 concluded to hire a man to plant by the halves and quit the place in the 
 fall. During this time a house can be erected and made comfortable for 
 him and the old Lady against the winter should he chuse to reside there 
 ai. that season. Give my best love to him and the old Lady with the Girls. 
 Request him to write me fully what he would have done together with the 
 size of the house and, as I mentioned to him before, my attention and 
 utmost exertions shall not be wanting to make him happy. * * * 
 
 My business is settled with Mr. Hecht,* and I have no doubt it will 
 appear as I have represented it. I have been with Mr. Finucane and 
 understand your lot and Murray’s are taken from you in part. If I dare 
 give you a detail of his conduct I would, but what I have already wrote 
 about matters here to your quarter has taken such a turn that I dare not 
 at present say anything. The time I hope is not far distant when I 
 expect to see every thing undone and Mr. Hardy thrown neck & heels, 
 with his party, into the River. Its infamous and disgraceful to a degree. 
 
 Pray my Dear Ned see if you eanT hear of some letter from Nath. 
 [Coffin] t for me. * * * 
 
 Our good friend Thomas has left us ere this. I should have wrote 
 him a very long letter but was up at the farm. Pray make our most 
 affectionate regards to him should he be with you, which I much doubt. 
 I shall write him fully by the vessel that sails soon from hence. 
 
 With our most sincere love to the old Gentleman, Lady & Girls, We 
 are forever, 
 
 Yours, John Coffin. 
 
 P. S. Return our sincere thanks to Mrs. Cotnam for her kind remem¬ 
 brance of us. 
 
 ♦Frederick Wm. Hecht, at this time in charge of the commissary general’s 
 office at Fort Howe. He hired the store and some other buildings belonging 
 to Hazen, Simonds and White at Portland Point, for the accommodation of 
 the commissariat department. 
 fBrother of John Coffin. 
 
204 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Major Studholme to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Parr Town, 9th May, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Being absent when the Lands of Conway were drawn for, 
 Mr. Street* forgot a memorandum of reserve I left in the office respecting 
 the part of those lands joining Glazier Manor, ; which were directed to 
 be reserved for your Family, and the hearer Mr. Dalzel has drawn those 
 lands, and as he is a very good and useful man I have recommended him 
 for a Grant some where else and shall thank you for your assistance in 
 procuring it for him. I beg you will excuse this trouble and attribute 
 this mistake to its true cause and not to any neglect or inattention of mine. 
 The impatience of the hearer leaves me only time to congratulate you on 
 the late good news we have had from England and to assure you that X 
 am with true esteem. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your obliged and obed’t HumbT Serv’t. 
 
 G. Studholme. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 12th May, 1784. 
 
 My dear Fellow,—The inclosures are this instant received from St. 
 John’s. I forward ’em because they will give you the best idea of the 
 present State of matters here.— The operations of the Chief-Justice have 
 terminated exactly as we expected—the hauteur and parade which distin¬ 
 guished him had not the intended effect—such men as our old friends 
 Hewlet, Deveher, Coffin, Leonard, Tyng, &c., are not easily dazzled by such 
 superficial nonsense, and they have treated him with perfect contempt 
 I have endeavored to soothe these men by repeated assurances, that a 
 Government will he immediately established there, & I verily believe that 
 unless that event takes place immediately, that Country will exhibit such 
 scenes of desperation & distress as were never before read of. 
 
 * Samuel Denny Street, here referred to, was an Englishman by birth and 
 a lawyer by profession. He was gazetted a lieutenant in the Royal Fencible 
 Americans, and rendered important services during the Revolution. At the 
 close of the war he was at Fort Howe with Major Gilfred Studholme, and 
 assisted in the settlement of the Loyalists on the River St. John. He took up 
 a grant of land in Sunbury County, near the Oromocto River, which he named 
 the “Elysian Fields.” He represented Sunbury County for some years in the 
 house of assembly. His son, George Frederick Street, became a judge of the 
 supreme court, and another son, Hon. Ambrose Street, was a prominent legis¬ 
 lator and attorney general. The Rev. Samuel Denny Lee Street, for 41 years rec¬ 
 tor of Woodstock, N. B., was his youngest child. He died at Burton in 1830, in his 
 79th year, having outlived every member of the first council of the province, 
 as well as every member of the first bench and bar. 
 
 fGlasier’s Manor was, in the first instance, granted to Lieut. Col. Beamsley 
 Perkins Glasier of the 4th battalion of the 60th, or Royal American, Regiment, 
 on Oct. 15, 1765. He sold it to General Coffin. The manor included about 5,000 
 acres, lying on both sides of the Nerepis river. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 205 
 
 I do not write to any other person, there is no passenger going in the 
 Camel to whose care I can commit my budget, I therefore address to Mr. 
 Watson. 
 
 I cannot help indulging the hope that General Fox is by this time 
 preparing to come out—He cannot realize how important it is to he expe¬ 
 ditious in this business. My anxiety increases every hour. 
 
 What in the world are you about?—not a packet arrived—a General 
 without Commission or Instructions—37,000 people crying for provisions 
 —Magazines empty—& no provisions at Market. That’s the situation of 
 the i Country at present. Add to this a Governor without abilities—a 
 Council of Republicans—combating with every weapon in their reach the 
 whole corps of Loyalists, & embarrassing them by every possible impedi¬ 
 ment. 
 
 This is a pretty picture, but alas it is a true one. 
 
 I hope before this reaches you, you will have embraced our friend 
 Coffin. I miss him terribly. God forever bless him. 
 
 I really feel too dull—to attempt writing anything for your amuse- 
 hent. I am extremely agitated and shall continue so until I hear from 
 you. Write for Heaven’s sake. 
 
 All your connections here & at Granville are well. 
 
 Adieu, 
 
 Affectionately, 
 
 Your Ed. Winslow. 
 
 The bearer is a Survivor from the wreck of the Martha where poor 
 Doughty,* &c., were drowned. He is highly recommended by his officers. 
 His name, Owens. 
 
 Major John Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Carleton, May 15, 1784. 
 
 My dear Ned,—Some days past I wrote you a long letter to which no 
 answer as yet has arrived. The refugee that drew the lot your father has 
 got, left Town a few days past for Halifax in high Dugeon about its being 
 granted away. * * * 
 
 Would to God, General Fox was arrived as we should then recover 
 from our present confusion. I gave you a sufficient hint how matters were 
 going on in my last. I need not inform you that your lot with TJpham’s, 
 Murray’s and many others are given away, as I know you are informed of 
 it—one of the Damdest Rascals of the set has received yours and I am 
 informed a grant is to be given to him immediately. After the fatigue 
 
 ♦Captain Bartholemew Doughty of DeLancey’s 3rd Battalion, who was 
 drowned in the transport ship Martha, with many of his men. See under 
 date 13th Oct., 1783, in this hook. 
 
206 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 and trouble Studholme has been at for the settlement, to have this Chief 
 with Brother Toady,* lay violent hands on everything and condemn every 
 body he thinks proper and derange all our affairs without a candid hearing 
 is too much. However Studholme I trust has both spirit and ability to 
 rectify matters, if you and your General do not relieve us before that 
 should take place. At present I am on very good terms with the Chief: 
 do not let what X have said on this subject take air, other ways the Gov¬ 
 ernor, together with yourself may probably conceive I am going to raise 
 another insurrection on the River. (I have you there my boy.) 
 
 Our memorials are going forward with all the expedition we are 
 masters of. I have heard that Mr. Hardyt is forming a party against it, 
 and have no doubt will throw everything in its way. He is I assure you 
 a very troublesome fellow, but I hope we shall soon unhorse the Dog. My 
 best love to your father, mother & sisters, also to Mrs. Winslow when you 
 write her, I wrote some little time past but have had no answer, hope she’s 
 well. God Bless you my dear fellow and am 
 
 Truly yours, 
 
 John Coffin. 
 
 Representation of the Inhabitants of St. Andrews. 
 
 St. Andrews, 26 May, 1784. 
 
 Gentlemen,—We had the honour to receive your favor of the 18th 
 current with the inclosures and have laid them before the Inhabitants of 
 this town at a Meeting called for the purpose of considering the same. 
 
 We have the Pleasure to acquaint you that the Meeting were unani¬ 
 mous in the opinion of the inconveniency and disadvantages arising to the 
 Inhabitants on the North side of the Bay of Funday by the distance from 
 Halifax, the present seat of Government, and sensible of the great advan¬ 
 tages which would attend the Establishment of a New Province to com¬ 
 prehend all the settlements on the North Side of the Bay, and they 
 
 *The reference is to Bryan Finucane, chief justice of Nova Scotia, and his 
 brother, Andrew Finucane. 
 
 fElias Hardy was born at Farnham, in Surrey, England, in 1744, and was 
 admitted attorney and solicitor at Westminster Hall. He came to America, 
 and in 1783 was in law practice at New York. He was an active opponent of 
 the designs of the “Fifty-five” petitioners who strove to obtain grants of 5,000 
 acres each in Nova Scotia, in consideration of their services to the Crown. He 
 was employed by the government of Nova Scotia to promote the escheat of 
 unsettled lands for the accommodation of the Loyalists. He became to some 
 extent a leader of the democracy, and gained in consequence the ill-will of the 
 provincial officials. He was chosen a member of the New Brunswick house of 
 assembly for the County of Northumberland at the first election. As a lawyer, 
 tradition says that Elias Hardy was well nigh without a peer. He and Ward 
 Chipman were usually opposed to one another in important cases. Hardy was 
 an active Free Mason. He died in St. John in 1798, at the comparatively early 
 age of 54 years. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 207 
 
 earnestly wish, that the application for that purpose, which appears to he 
 the general voice of the Inhabitants, may he attended to by the British 
 Legislature. 
 
 We have likewise the satisfaction to acquaint you that in the Grand 
 Bay of Passamaquoddy alone a sufficient Quantity of Board and other 
 Lumber can in a short time be furnished to supply the greatest part of 
 the British West India Islands: likewise large quantitys of masts, spars & 
 other Lumber suitable for the European Market. Altho’ the first of our 
 Settlers only arrived here in October last, yet we have already sent a 
 number of Cargoes of Lumber to the West Indies and several ports in Nova 
 Scotia, and as more Saw Mills are now erecting our Exports of Lumber 
 will rapidly increase. 
 
 There being no doubt that the Province of Nova Scotia & Canada 
 can amply supply the British and West India Markets with all the kinds 
 of Lumber generally exported from North America, all our Inhabitants 
 earnestly wish that the British Legislature may in their wisdom think 
 proper to continue to these provinces the exclusive priviledges of supplying 
 the British West Indies with Fish and Lumber, and also grant to them 
 Bountys on the Exportation of those articles, which will greatly add to 
 the encouragement of our Trade and Fishery. 
 
 We have wrote you thus fully at the unanimous desire of the Inhabi¬ 
 tants of St. Andrews at their Meeting this day, 
 
 And have the Honour to be. Gentlemen 
 
 Your most obedient Hum. Servants, 
 
 Robert Pagan, 
 
 Colin Campbell, 
 
 Wm. Gallop, 
 
 Jer. Pote. 
 
 To Messrs Frederick Hauser, George Leonard, William Tyng, Thos. 
 Horsfield, Bartholomew Crannel, James Peters & William Hazen; Agents 
 for the Loyalists on St. John River. 
 
 Thomas Brown* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Cornwallis, 28th May, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I have long since wanted to communicate to you my Friend, 
 sentiments you may think salutary (perhaps otherwise), that a sufficient 
 number of Issuing Commissaries should be appointed and paid by Govern¬ 
 ment to distribute to the disbanded Officers and Soldiers under the denomi¬ 
 nation of Refugees settled in this province, to give out provisions agreeable 
 to Order or discretionary, which will in all probability not only forward 
 
 ♦Thomas Brown was a Boston Loyalist. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 the settlements but answer every purpose of the King’s Bounty. I have 
 been well informed that at St. John’s River numbers have sold their six 
 months provisions for a trilling sum, as well other places, consequently 
 must become persons of Charity or addicted to bad courses injurious to the 
 public at large and not answer the intention of Government. 
 
 Any business you may have this way command me who has the honor 
 to be. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 Thos. Brown. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 6th June, 1784. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I have just now received yours of 12th May with 
 the inclosures, by the Camel, and am seriously, most seriously distressed 
 at the description you give of the situation of matters on the St. John’s, 
 the more so as there are such unaccountable delays in compleating the 
 arrangements for 4he new Government.* Everything is at a stand here. 
 Whether administration have yet any doubts of the expediency of a separ¬ 
 ate Government there or whether they must have the sanction of Parliament 
 before the matter is divulged I know not, but alas from these delays 
 another year will be lost and from your letters I fear the most fatal conse¬ 
 quences to the settlements from such a circumstance. 
 
 I will communicate all your intelligence in such channels as will most 
 probably have a good effect to expedite our views and wishes, but indeed 
 such is the situation of things here, so undecided and indeterminate the 
 conduct of ministers that you can depend upon nothing; so important 
 however to this nation is the object now in contemplation that it is not to 
 be supposed but that it will finally be adopted. 
 
 Gen’l Fox went out of Town a week ago, he had been there three 
 weeks during all which time not a syllable was said to him respecting the 
 new Government by the Minister. He will come to Town again tomorrow 
 when I will have free communication with him and let you know the result 
 if possible by this opportunity. 
 
 Some time ago I made a specific application to the Secretary of State 
 for the Office of Attorney General in the new Gov’t. I was told those 
 offices (meaning I suppose of Att’y & Solic’r Gen’l) were already disposed 
 of to Persons taken from the same line—from this I imagine Blowers, thro’ 
 the interest of Sir ¥m. Pepperell, is appointed Att’y Gen’l, | but I under- 
 
 *By “ the new Government” Chipman means the proposed new Province north 
 of the Bay of Fundy. 
 
 f Sampson Salter Blowers was named as attorney general of New Bruns¬ 
 wick, but relinquished the position immediately on receiving a like appointment 
 for Nova Scotia. See letter in Lawrence’s “Foot Prints,” page 13, also the 
 Canadian Archives for 1895, under New Brunswick. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 209 
 
 stand Blowers will not quit Halifax, in which case Sir Wm. promises to 
 use all his influence and interest to get the appointment transferred to me. 
 This or something else I must obtain immediately, my stock is nearly 
 exhausted, and I have totally failed in all my pursuits and prospects in 
 coming to England, most heartily regret that I did not go immediately to 
 Halifax from Hew York. Of all countries in the world this is the worst 
 to be in without a great deal of money and even then has not half the 
 rational social enjoyments and pleasures that our own Country affords, or 
 rather of an American Society such as we have been used to. I am 
 greatly relieved by Coffin’s* arrival. We take lodgings together tomorrow, 
 and I shall of course make myself tolerably happy till I embark which God 
 grant I may speedily do. * * * 
 
 Murray and Upham are in Wales at Col. Murray’s,! hut are expected 
 soon in Town—the former I believe has not been successful in any of his 
 applications here, what they were I know not. He is very much embarr¬ 
 assed and distressed poor Fellow, and what he will do to extricate himself 
 I know not. 
 
 Judge and Col. Ludlow have taken advantage of this interval of delay 
 in the arrangements for our new Country to make an excursion to see the 
 manufacturing Towns, &e. I am however to summon them immediately 
 back if anything requires their attendance. I will now close this to save 
 the opportunity by Col. Brownlow if possible. If he does not go I will 
 write you again tomorrow. Adieu. God bless you forever prays your 
 faithful and devoted, 
 
 _/_ Chip. 
 
 ♦Thomas Aston Coffin, a native of Boston. He was a warm personal friend 
 of Ward Chipman and of Edward Winslow. The latter named his second son 
 Thomas Aston Coffin after his friend and comrade. Thos. A. Coffin graduated 
 at Harvard in 1772. He was private secretary to Sir Guy Carleton. In 1783 he 
 was at Halifax as paymaster of army contingencies. He visited England and 
 returned soon afterwards to Halifax. He was afterwards with Sir Guy Carleton 
 at Quebec. Here he filled the positions of secretary of the province and comp¬ 
 troller of accounts. Returning to England, he was knighted and became a 
 baronet. He was influential and wealthy. See Winslow’s references to him 
 under date 7th June, 1806, and Chipman’s reference under date 20th May, 1810. 
 He died in London in 1810, at the age of fifty-six. 
 
 fColonel John Murray of Rutland, Massachusetts, is here meant. He was 
 at this time living in England. He was quite a remarkable personage. In 
 height about 6 feet 3 inches, well proportioned and of fine appearance. His 
 portrait by Copley is now in possession of J. Douglas Hazen of St. John. He 
 was four times married and had a very large family of children. His estate, 
 abandoned in the old colonies and confiscated by the Americans, was valued at 
 £23,367. He came to New Brunswick, where he died in the year 1794. Two of 
 his daughters married respectively Judge Upham and Hon. Daniel Bliss. His 
 son, Daniel Murray (who with Joshua Upham is mentioned in the letter above), 
 came to New Brunswick in command of the King’s American Dragoons: he was 
 one of the members for York County in the first house of assembly. 
 
210 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Major John Coffin to Edward "Winslow. 
 
 Carleton, June 1784. 
 
 My dear Ned,—This is my third or fourth letter. There have been 
 many direct opportunities to this place hut not a line from you or your 
 Father. My House has been vacant these ten days for his family. 
 
 * * * The sight of his place just now would increase his 
 
 health & spirits to that Degree as to enable him to take hold of the plough. 
 Mr. Hazen who delivers you this will inform the old Gentleman particu¬ 
 larly. He brought trout caught at the Landing weighing two pounds and 
 more. Salmon he will have in the greatest abundance. 
 
 We have all exerted ourselves to the utmost in forming and forward¬ 
 ing the letters and memorials to our good and worthy friends. Why don’t 
 you give me assurance of our new Government’s being fixed, you are not 
 explicit enough on that head. * * * Our Town (Carleton) 
 
 are in raptures with the plan and bore me to death for news. You must 
 know my good fellow that I am of some little consequence among the 
 vagabonds. No people in the world could have behaved better than they 
 have during the late disturbance which I hope will induce our new Gover¬ 
 nor, God Bless him, to reside with them. I know your partiality for that 
 side of the water, apropos—prepare your Father & Family for the house 
 they are to come into when they get here. * * * My best 
 
 love to the Girls, your Mother and the old Gentleman with all other 
 friends. Pray has Aplin led himself or me into a scrape?* Write me fully 
 my dear friend on that head. Dr. Payne can inform you fully of the 
 circumstances of my conduct. Compliments to all friends. God Bless 
 you, 
 
 - John Coffin. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 16th June, 1784. 
 
 My dear fellow,—When I began my letter of the 9th inst my good old 
 Father was very ill. The inclosed paragraph will convey to you the melan¬ 
 choly tidings of his death,t but my distress & that of the Family cannot be 
 described. Chipman! What shall I do? 
 
 Excuse me to my friends, Coffin, Mr. Watson & every body. I cannot 
 write. I thought I could bear anything—but by Heaven this is too much. 
 
 Adieu my best of Friends, 
 
 Yours ever, 
 
 __ Ed. Winslow. 
 
 *Joseph Aplin had made some strong accusations against the Nova Scotia 
 officials, charging them with neglect and partiality in their conduct towards 
 the Loyalists. He associated Col. Coffin with himself in the matter. The 
 latter did not appreciate Aplin’s action, and would not assume responsibility 
 for his utterances. 
 
 fThe elder Edward Winslow died at Halifax, June 9, 1784. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 211 
 
 Messrs. Kennedy,* Hanser t & Hazen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 June 19, 1784. 
 
 Whereas in a Protest published in the Publick News Papers of the 
 8th June, 1784, at Halifax, it is suggested. That the plan of forming a 
 new Government on the River St. Johns was made by a small Number of 
 the Inhabitants of Parr-town not duly authorized for the Purpose—That 
 they refused to take the Sense of a very numerous Body of the Inhabi¬ 
 tants—and That they obtained signatures fraudulently & without acquaint¬ 
 ing the Subscribers of the nature of the Business. We beg leave to inform 
 you that from our general Acquaintance with the Inhabitants at Parrtown 
 on the River St. Johns, & at Passamaqnoddy, we look upon ourselves as 
 competent Judges of the Sentiments of the body of the People, and We 
 are convinced that there is no Person of any consideration or consequence 
 on the River St. Johns or at Passamaquoddy who is not perfectly satisfied 
 of the absolute necessity of forming a new Government on the other Side 
 of the Bay of Fundy, as the very existence of the Settlements there depends 
 upon it. 
 
 And We beg further to assure you that we know the Inhabitants of 
 that District of Country in general to be highly pleased with the Steps 
 taken by you and your Friends towards the attainment of so desirable an 
 object, from a full conviction that you have in every instance studied the 
 Publick Welfare of the Settlements there and been unwearied in your 
 endeavors to serve them. We further know the Address mentioned in the 
 said Protest to have been dictated agreeable to the general Sense of the 
 Inhabitants of Parr-town on the River St. Johns, and at Passamaquoddy, 
 that the Officers present represented the Corps which they formerly com¬ 
 manded, and that it was signed by upwards of one thousand respectable 
 persons who were fully acquainted with its Nature and Contents. 
 
 In behalf of the Settlers on the River St. Johns and at Passamaquoddy 
 we request you to accept our sincere thanks for your spirited exertions in 
 our behalf. And we hope that the trifiling opposition of a few obscure, 
 
 ♦Captain Patrick Kennedy’s commission in the Maryland Loyalists is dated 
 October 14, 1777. He was of Baltimore and by profession a physician. Those 
 of his regiment who survived the wreck of the “Martha” settled on the Nash- 
 waak river opposite Fredericton. 
 
 fFrederick Hauser was in 1781 a captain in the Loyal Foresters, but his 
 company never amounted to anything, only a handful of men appearing at any 
 muster. He came to Annapolis in October, 1782, with Amos Botsford and other 
 Loyalists, and was one of the exploring party who visited the St. John River 
 the winter following. (See their report in Murdoch’s History of N. S., vol. Ill, 
 p. 13.) He was by profession a surveyor and laid out the grants at Kingston 
 and elsewhere for the Loyalists. 
 
212 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1784 
 
 interested People, will not prevent yon from continuing to interest yourself 
 in our favour. 
 
 Given under our hands at Halifax the 19th Day of June 1784. 
 
 Patrick Kennedy, * 
 
 Sen’r Officer & Com’r late Maryl’d LoyaPts. 
 
 Fred Hauser, 
 
 Agent for the Loyalists at St. John River. 
 
 Wm. Hazen. 
 
 Thomas Knox to Major Gen. Campbell. 
 
 Fort Howe, River St. John, 24th June, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—The late arrival of a number of Families from the American 
 States, who profess an intention of settling in this part of the Province 
 and most of whom produce certificates of Loyalty to the King, has brought 
 upon me many applications for the Royal Bounty of Provisions which I 
 could wish to have evaded until I receive your orders concerning them. 
 But upon a Representation of their extreme indigence and a strict inquiry 
 into the merits of their claims I have been induced, as a temporary relief 
 to their necessities, to give my certificates on the Commissary for fourteen 
 days Provisions in favor of 69 men, 18 women, 21 children about ten, 16 
 children under ten—named in the Returns accompanying them. They 
 have been mustered by me in separate classes, and I have given directions 
 to the Persons commanding them to detain the Provisions in their own 
 hands until a certificate is produced from each family according to a form 
 which I have given them (a copy of which I inclose) and to account with 
 me for the whole quantity when I return from the River. I shall then 
 have more leisure to enquire into their claims individually. 
 
 I also take the liberty to interfere in behalf of Children who have 
 been bom since the arrival of the Loyalists in this Province. Their num¬ 
 bers are few and the necessities of the new Settlers require every aid—I 
 have included them in my Returns to the Commissary, who, I am informed 
 has refused to allow them. 
 
 Having closed my Business at Parr & Carleton and the Settlements 
 in the Neighborhood, I shall set off tomorrow for the River St. Johns. 
 From the dispersed state of the People and the necessity of seeing every 
 Individual it is not possible to say what time the duty on that River and its 
 different Branches may require. I shall use every exertion to accomplish 
 it in as short a time as the nature of the business will allow. 
 
 I have the honor to be, &c., 
 
 Major Gen’l Campbell. 
 
 T. Knox. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 213 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 8th July, 1784. 
 
 My dear Sir,—The inclosed letters came in the Resource—8 weeks & 
 5 days from Spithead. I can learn nothing of public arrangements; prob¬ 
 ably none were completed for this Province, Neither will much be done 
 untill late in June. Mr. Fox has carried his election for Westminster. A 
 passenger, last from London, says, it was reported that Changes were still 
 expected, and a junction of partys in contemplation. 
 
 Sir Charles Douglas’s voyage to Quebec, begins to be very doubtful. 
 I shall embark on board the Bonetta for St. Johns river, on Sunday next, 
 wind & weather permitting. 
 
 Forrest arrived to day from New London; Mr. Wilkins & 20 in family 
 arrived yesterday. A Ship with many refugees arrived from Florida. No 
 other news. 
 
 As to public business here—I fear it progresses from bad to worse. 
 Every succeeding day, furnishes new cause of astonishment to me—of 
 complaint and resentment to others. I cordially wish the arrangement for 
 St. Johns was effected, and that district in possession of the good Govern¬ 
 ment we wish, for their sakes. In truth I have enthusiasm eno’ to forsee 
 that Province rescuing the honor of Gov’t from Prostration—and flourish¬ 
 ing thro’, or by means of, a well directed administration. 
 
 Your Kitchen Furniture is arrived, it was packed in two cases, for 
 the convenience of travelling; I hope it is as good as I ordered, and will 
 meet your approbation. It is sent to your House in this town. 
 
 Your sincere affect. Friend; 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 9th July, 1784. 
 
 My dear Ned,—I intended to have devoted this forenoon to writing 
 to you but have been interrupted so frequently that I am now confined to 
 half an hour. Coffin, however, who is in the same lodgings with me, has 
 been writing to Mr. Townsend, and between us both you will get what 
 intelligence there is to communicate. I shall confine myself to one subject, 
 the only one which has taken up my attention for a long time, as it so 
 materially effects us both, I need not say it is the new Government on the 
 River St. Johns. We were all very much disappointed in Col. Fox’s refusal 
 of the Government—his reason was that he found a Governor General was 
 to be appointed, tho’ not immediately, and that Sir Guy Carleton, was not 
 going out, he would not therefore risque there being appointed a General 
 Vaughan or any other officer under whom he would not serve, which would 
 
214 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 T1784 
 
 create a necessity of his resigning perhaps within a very short time of his 
 going out. He therefore told Lord Sidney he would accept the office if 
 Sir Guy was to he appointed Governor General, otherwise not. The Gov¬ 
 ernment was then offered to your Friend Col. Musgrave, who declined it 
 assigning the same reason and making the same declaration to the Secre¬ 
 tary of State. 
 
 Col. Carleton, Sir Guy’s brother, is at length appointed and has accepted. 
 The arrangements so far as they are known are, Judge Ludlow Chief 
 Justice. Col. Putnam* Major Upham, and Lt. Col. Isaac Allen, Judges 
 on the same bench: Jonathan Bliss, Attorney General, and Sir Guy told 
 Mr. Watson that I was put down as Solicitor Gen’l. Had either Fox or 
 Musgrave accepted the Government, you would have been the Secretary 
 with the concomitant offices. But Mr. Odell has this appointment under 
 Col. Carleton. I am at a loss indeed to determine whether it would have 
 been prudent for you to resign your half pay, as you must have done, for 
 the emoluments of that office. You I understand are one of the Council. 
 I am now to tell you a secret not by any means to be again mentioned, 
 which I have in confidence from Mr. Watson this morning, with permission 
 to mention it to you only, in a very private letter. Col. Carleton’s is but 
 a temporary appointment, he goes on Governor to Quebec and will take 
 Mr. Odell with him, both Sir Guy and Mr. Watson say that Col. Fox will 
 yet succeed him as Gov’r of Hew Brunswick,! (the name of our new Pro¬ 
 vince) from which I conjecture, I think with great reason, that Sir Guy is 
 still to be the Governor General. Sir Guy and Mr. Watson have concluded 
 upon your appointment as Secretary in that case, if worth your acceptance, 
 which will be in some degree ascertained by Odell’s experiment of it. The 
 place was unsolicited by Odell, but you may easily conceive that Sir Guy felt 
 himself obliged to provide for him + and there was no other way of doing 
 it. I believe Judge Sewell will be one of the Council. I confess for 
 myself I am not a little disappointed with respect to the office of Att’y 
 General, tho’ Bliss is certainly a very good Fellow, but as he was receiving 
 a pension of £150 per ann. this is saved to Government by appointing 
 him—there will be no salary to the Solicitor General, at least none that 
 will be equivalent to my half pay. I shall therefore depend upon my 
 practice for support. 
 
 ♦James Putnam of Worcester, Massachusetts. He was a graduate of Har¬ 
 vard in 1746. He was banished and proscribed on account of his loyalty. He 
 was considered by his contemporaries as an exceedingly able lawyer. John 
 Adams was his law student and boarded in his family. He died at St. John in 
 1789, aged 64 years. There is a handsome monument over his last resting place 
 in the old grave yard. In the Putnam vault are buried also the elder Jonathan 
 Sewell and the Rev. George Bisset. 
 
 fThis plan evidently was seriously contemplated, but was never carried 
 into execution. 
 
 JRev. Jonathan Odell seems to have been one of Sir Guy Carleton's secre¬ 
 taries. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 215 
 
 Col. Carleton kisses the King’s hand this day on his appointment, 
 and I should suppose the whole arrangements will be out in a few days 
 and that we shall all be hurried off very suddenly. Col. Ludlow talks of 
 taking passage in the Adamant, which sails the 1st Aug’t. It is not 
 improbable that I shall accompany him. Tell Mr. Townsend I shall in 
 that case certainly avail myself of his very friendly offer of Quarters for a 
 few days. I have failed altogether in my expectations from the Board of 
 Claims, the business of which remains unnoticed to this moment. I have 
 expended nearly all my money, and am heartily sick of this country. We 
 shall at least have a good society and live chearfully in our new Govern¬ 
 ment if we are poor. Won’t my half-pay Agency pursuit come to some¬ 
 thing in time? 
 
 I am called upon for my letter. Remember me most particularly to 
 your Father and the Girls, tell them they will now soon be delighted with 
 my warbling some of the most improved airs. To your dear Mary and 
 the little ones make my most affectionate remembrances, there is no cir¬ 
 cumstance about which I feel more anxious than seeing them, a pleasure 
 which I hope will not be much longer delayed. I presume Murray will 
 be on his passage very soon don’t fail to send him. Coffin will take care 
 of him in my absence. Adieu, God Almighty for ever bless you prays 
 most sincerely. 
 
 Your friend, 
 
 Chip. 
 
 Tom* incloses the Papers under cover to you and Mr. Townsend—say 
 to him for me every thing affectionate and grateful. 
 
 Thomas Knox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Anns, 25th July, 1784. 
 
 D’r Colonel,—You can’t condemn me so much as I do myself for not 
 having wrote to you before. I have been engaged it is true, but I had 
 predetermined not to let any engagements prevent my acknowledging the 
 civilities I received from Mrs. Winslow; the truth is I expected from dailv 
 Reports to have seen you on this side the Bay. 
 
 I am proceeding by slow stages thro’ my present journey, God knows 
 when I shall get thro’, I meet with difficulties as unwelcome as they are 
 unexpected. I have finished I hope at Saint Ann’s the Settlements above 
 and the Naashwaake. The impossibility of assembling the Corps at any 
 particular place, which would be attended with so much inconvenience to 
 the Families of Women and Children, and their importunities so great 
 to be seen at their own Houses, that I have been obliged to consent to take 
 
 *The reference is to Thomas Aston Coffin. 
 
216 WINSLOW PAPERS [1784 
 
 account of them wherever I met them. This has induced delay and will 
 prevent my return as soon as I hoped. 
 
 I have received from Capt. Ovens, late commanding officer at Fort 
 Howe, and Capt. Balfour the present, every assistance. Capt. Balfour was 
 good enough to order me the Boat, without which I should have been put 
 to great difficulties in coming up the River. The business will now I hope 
 he done effectually; every man will have justice done him and at the same 
 time I have reason to believe many thousand Rations will be saved to 
 Government. 
 
 The officers of Disbanded Corps make great complaints against me 
 for striking off nominal servants, which they say was an allowance made 
 them by Sir Guy Carleton in his arrangements for settling this Province 
 and afterwards by Major Provost when the Regiments were disbanded. As 
 I am ignorant of any such allowance and consider the Rations of Provisions 
 as promised only to Persons who settled in the Province, I have allowed 
 only such as came under the description pointed out in my orders, and no 
 servants but those who drew in their own right. * * * Not¬ 
 
 withstanding all attention to prevent impositions I have no doubt many 
 people will be fed by Government, who do not mean to settle in the Pro¬ 
 vince, and many I believe have already left after having partaken of the 
 Bounty. * * * * I would be glad to be informed by you 
 
 whether I am to go to Passamaquoddy—it is reported that the people there 
 have been mustered. I at the same time wish to know whether Merrima- 
 shee is considered in this District. If I go there I cannot expect to return 
 in less than a month; at all events I must finish the business on this River 
 before I think of it, and by that time I hope to hear from you. 
 
 I am sorry to find the Settlers on this side the Bay warmly engaged 
 in opposing each other, to the great detriment of the Province as well as 
 themselves. They go on building notwithstanding. Both Parr & Carleton 
 exhibit proofs of industry scarcely to be related, but very few have got 
 upon their Lands. I have been 40 miles above St. Anns but am sorry to 
 say that few of the Soldiers have reached the Lotts laid out for them. 
 They generally complain that they are neglected, and express a strong 
 desire to have their Lotts pointed out to them, when they say they will 
 immediately go upon them. 
 
 The Town of St. Anns is marked out but no house as yet makes its 
 appearance. 
 
 A report has been lately circulated that Governor Fox has arrived at 
 Halifax. It gave great pleasure to every body here. I wish it may soon 
 take place as the Settlement of this River requires more and more the 
 assistance of an able manager. 
 
 The Governor [Parr] condemns the measure of carrying the New 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 217 
 
 Corps so high, up the River, says the idea was horn and bred at New York 
 & carried into execution by their Agents. I have a copy of his letter to 
 shew you. 
 
 I hope to leave this place tomorrow on my return to Parr. I have a 
 number of People to see below Majorville which I hope will not delay me 
 more than ten days. 
 
 I am, &c., 
 
 T. Knox. 
 
 Colonel Winslow. 
 
 Gregory Townsend to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 29th July, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your kind favor from the Mount,* of the 19th, found its 
 way to me yesterday. The intelligence from home respecting your Gov¬ 
 ernment, being so uniform from every quarter, gives great reason to confide 
 in the hope of seeing the separation take place to your wishes. 
 
 The Majorf and his coadjutors have declared war against the 
 G[ovemor] & C[hief] J[ustice]; are to have a pitched battle tomorrow in 
 the Council Chamber. Fanning is the Hero of your party, and as I think 
 the cause he has engaged in is just, I most heartily wish success and 
 redress may crown their laudable endeavors. 
 
 Poor Adam and Eve,| does Adam's anxiety lessen his Diameter. Your 
 social friend the Major and some of the comforts from the Maria will 
 afford great consolation. If Morris has not disposed of himself as you 
 premise, he ought to be here in a few days. Solitary woods is the most 
 dangerous situation that a man so far gone can place himself in. Where 
 there is such a Damp on the spirits the poor Victim, among such a choice 
 of Limbs, may he tempted to choose one to hang himself up to dry. 
 
 I fear your small stock of choice Madeira will suffer by your being so 
 great an economist of your Port, keep some of that in case of sickness or 
 
 *Winslow facetiously called his place in Granville “Mount Necessity.” 
 
 fThe major here referred to is John Coffin; his coadjutors were Gilfred 
 Studholme, William Tyng, George Leonard and James Peters. A remonstrance 
 had been forwarded by the discontented people at St John to Governor Parr, 
 early in 1784, against the agents for the settlement of Parr Town. Chief Justice 
 Finucane was sent by the governor to enquire into the matter, but this did 
 not satisfy the discontented. Another complaint was made to the governor, 
 specifying in detail certain alleged grievances, upon which the agents volun¬ 
 tarily repaired to Halifax and submitted themselves to trial before Governor 
 Parr, Lieut. Gov. Fanning and the council of Nova Scotia, assembled for the 
 purpose, Chief Justice Finucane being also present. After a public hearing of 
 two days, the following was the decision:—“The council are of opinion that 
 “ Gilfred Studholme, William Tyng, George Leonard, John Coffin and James 
 “Peters, magistrates and agents on the River St. John, have acquitted them- 
 “ selves in their conduct with fairness, impartiality and propriety.” 
 
 “ (Signed) RICHARD BULKELEY, Secretary. 
 
 “ Halifax, 3rd August, 1784.” 
 
 fThe reference seems to be to Colonel Winslow and his wife. 
 
218 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 other misfortune such as the visit of an old Commissary, &c., such things 
 may happen. Make haste back, yonr family* here want" much to see you. 
 Mrs. Winslow will amuse herself with your little fat Tribe and readily 
 forego the satisfaction of your company while you attend so amiable and 
 necessary a duty. Where is New Ireland to he placed? is that to he the 
 name of your new Government? I hope the new settlers will not encrease 
 so fast hut that we may have all the Posts! well supplied for the winter 
 before Nov’r. What has yet arrived does not exceed 4 months and a half 
 for our numbers. Not a w r ord yet of Vessels from Cork. Two Vessels 
 are gone to Quebec for another Cargo and two others it is said are yet 
 expected. I think another year’s full allowance, and half for next, would 
 put the new settlers on their legs, at least all that deserve to stand. 
 
 I wish heartily to see the growth and prosperity of this Country. It 
 will certainly be the happiest part of North America if not Darn’d by bad 
 men & bad measures. 
 
 Daniel Bliss will call to see you with Dr. Prince and party. My 
 respects to Mrs. Winslow. I want to know Mr. & Mrs. Williams and must 
 come to Annapolis. My compliments to Hailes,! tell him I have tapped a 
 pipe of Madeira better than the last—shall be happy to give him a taste. 
 
 Your faithfull Friend, 
 
 G. Townsend. 
 
 [P. S.] If the General and Lieut, have not left you, My respects to 
 the General, Col. Morse, Addenbrooke|| and Gordon.§ 
 
 Thos. Aston Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 4th Aug’t, 1784. 
 
 My dear Ned,—Mr. Watson has this moment informed me that a 
 Paquet will sail tomorrow morning for Halifax, and has desired me to 
 acquaint you that he had received your letters but thro’ the hurry of busi¬ 
 ness cannot write you at this time. He with me sympathizes with you in 
 the loss of the good old Gentleman for whom he had obtained an allowance 
 of £120 p. ann., and was fearful that with him it would have ceased. He 
 however has obtained a promise that £30 stg. p. ann., each, shall be con¬ 
 tinued to your mother & sisters till the American claims are decided upon. 
 This being unprecedented, as the whole family are on the other side of 
 the Atlantic and no one of them having been examined here, Mr. W. begs 
 it-may not be communicated. 
 
 ♦Referring to his mother and sisters. 
 
 fSupplies were sent to various outlying posts, as, for example, St. Anne’s 
 Point, for distribution to the Loyalists. 
 
 ^Harris W. Hailes was fort major in 1784. 
 
 ||Captain Addenbrooke was aide-de-camp to the general commanding. 
 
 §Hugh Mackay Gordon was at this time major of brigade. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 219 
 
 Colonel Carleton has received his Commission and taken the oaths 
 and I suppose will leave this about the end of the month. Chip, Judge 
 Ludlow, &c., will embark about the same time. Colonel Ludlow has taken 
 passage in the St. Lawrence which sails in about a fortnight. 
 
 The Letters and Representations from your good Friend the Gover¬ 
 nor* and his virtuous Council will make no further impression. The 
 business of the division of the Province having been settled before Mr. 
 Andrew Finucane arrived; the official people here have other things to 
 attend to than the Chief Justice’s petty disputes. Besides Halliburton 
 having arrived first, stated the whole business before the other one got to 
 Town. * * * 
 
 Remember me to Blowers and family and all Friends. Adieu and 
 God bless you says, Your affectionate Friend, 
 
 Thos. Aston Coffin. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Jonathan Odell. 
 
 [August, 1784.] 
 
 D’r. Odell,—There is not a man on earth who more sincerely rejoices 
 at any event that contributes to your advantage than myself. I therefore 
 cordially congratulate you on your appointment to the Secretaryship of 
 Hew Brunswick, and although I had anticipated the same appointment for 
 myself and had made arrangements for the comfortable enj oyment of it, 
 I declare I feel no regret that it has fallen to a friend for whom I have so 
 great an esteem. 
 
 This is “multum in parvo.” 
 
 Tired of the province of Hova-Scotia—its Governor—its inhabitants— 
 &c, I had seriously determined to remove my family to St. John’s this 
 winter and had hired a house of Mr. Hazen for that purpose. I cannot 
 relinquish the idea without very disagreeable sensations. But there is a 
 bar, which need not be insuperable if my friends exert themselves. I am 
 literally extremely poor. The two families which I have been obliged to 
 support have involved me very considerably, and I depended on some 
 appointment in the new province to assist me in their future support. I 
 cannot help flattering myself that my friend Gen. Fox may have mentioned 
 me to Col. Carleton in such a way as to make him my friend. How as I 
 cannot reconcile myself to a separation from the society of my old acquaint¬ 
 ance I mean in great confidence to request of you, that in the first arrange¬ 
 ments of civil employments I may be considered. There will be various 
 offices in the gift of the Governor and Council—such as Provincial Regis- 
 
 * Andrew Finucane had been sent to England by Governor Parr and his 
 council in 1784 to counteract the'agitation of the Loyalists for a division of the 
 old Province of Nova Scotia. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 trar, Judge of Probate, &c., &c. These are offices which I formerly held 
 in my own country and for which I boldly say I am qualified, and will dash 
 across the Bay of Fundy the ins’t an appointment by which I can exist is 
 announced to me. 
 
 I acknowledge, and I’ll take the credit for it, that I have other motives 
 for wishing to be early at St. John’s. I have with great pains explored the 
 country, I have collected the most particular information respecting its 
 inhabitants, soils, productions &c. My former appointments with the 
 Provincial Army gave me an opportunity of knowing the principal char¬ 
 acters among the officials now settled at St. John’s. 
 
 All these circumstances give me a kind of knowledge which may 
 render me useful there, more so than almost any other individual, and I 
 am anxious to contribute everything in my power to forward the settlement 
 of it. Having, as I observed, expected to be employed in the office which 
 you now hold, I had formed a kind of system which I wish to communi¬ 
 cate. [Breaks off here, the letter is a rough draft without signature.] 
 
 Brig. Gen. H. E. Fox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Brighthelmstone, 5th August, 1784. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—My only excuse for not writing to you sooner is that 
 I did not know what to inform you of as determined. I will now begin 
 from my last Letter, soon after the writing of which Lord Sydney sent to 
 me & told me the Province [Nova Scotia] was to be divided and offered 
 me the Government of New Brunswick. * * * It was then 
 
 generally understood that Gov. Parr was to come home & Musgrave to be 
 appointed Governor of Halifax & Col. Carleton of Canada. Gov. Parr’s 
 friends (I believe Lord Shelburne) have averted his being recalled. 
 
 About six weeks ago Lord Sydney sent for me again & acquainted me 
 that the Government of N. Brunswick was arranged in Council and made 
 me the offer of it, observing that Sir Guy Carleton was not to go out, that 
 no Governor General was for the present to be appointed but in time some 
 one would be found that would be agreeable to every body. I found also 
 that Gov. Parr was not to be recalled nor Gen’l Haldimand from Canada. 
 It is necessary to mention in the mean time I had found it absolutely 
 necessary for my Nephew’s affairs and my own for me to take out Letters 
 of Administration to my Father’s will. 
 
 * * * This consideration, and the very different situation 
 
 I should find myself in. Sir Guy Carleton not being Governor General, in¬ 
 duced me to decline it, upon which it was offered to Musgrave, who also 
 declined it, and then to Col. Carleton who at first did the same, but has 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 221 
 
 since accepted it, as I understand, upon a promise of his going to Canada 
 next year; hut, however, next year is a long while. 
 
 Upon determining not to go myself, I immediately thought of your 
 interests, hut found that Mr. Odell was fixed upon by Col. Carleton at the 
 recommendation of his Brother. Sproule had before been appointed Sur¬ 
 veyor General and there was nothing your friends could think of for you 
 that was not already filled up. Odell goes to Canada when Col. Carleton 
 does. I have had some conversation with Carleton and have talked much 
 of you, indeed I found him already prepossessed in your favor thro’ Odell, 
 who I believe is much your friend. 
 
 I have received a letter from Governor Parr in very civil terms hut at 
 the same time he appears very much hurt and accuses you of being the 
 author of a foolish advertisement of Mr. Aplin, who I must own I should 
 have been better pleased with had he not made use of my name or brought 
 me in his squabble. I have answered the Governor’s Letter, saying in 
 pretty near as plain terms as he accuses you that I hope and believe he is 
 misinformed with respect to you. I hope he will shew my letter as it at 
 least will give full testimony of my opinion of you, which believe me, dear 
 Winslow I shall ever retain the highest and hope fortune will still by some 
 means or other bring us together again. Pray let me hear from you, and 
 if by any means I can do anything for you in this country pray command 
 me. * * * 
 
 Please to direct to me at my Brothers in St. James Street, London, 
 and believe me 
 
 Most sincerely yours, 
 
 H. E. Fox. 
 
 William Chew to Gideon White.* 
 
 Maugerville, August 23, 1784. 
 
 D’r White,—I am now settled in the abote mentioned Township 
 about 80 miles up the river St. John’s, the Country equal to any I ever 
 saw. You speak highly of Shelburne but Mr. J. Seaman, who had the 
 
 *Gideon White was a native of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and a cousin of 
 Edward Winslow. He took part with the British as a volunteer at the battle 
 of Bunker Hill. Later in the war he held a commission as captain in the Duke 
 of Cumberland’s Regiment, commanded by Lord Charles Montagu. The corps, 
 was composed of Carolina Loyalists. They arrived in Halifax from Jamaica 
 on Dec. 13, 1783, and were hutted for the winter. The next spring they were 
 sent to the lands at Chedebucto, Guysborough County. Capt. Gideon White 
 was assigned lands there with the others of his corps, but in the muster of 
 settlers made on June 20, 1784, by General Campbell’s order, he is returned as 
 “at Shelburne with his three servants upon business.” He, however, did not 
 return to Guysborough, but remained in Shelburne, where he became a leading 
 citizen; was a magistrate and elected a member of the house of assembly. He 
 died in 1833 at the age of 81 years. His sister Joanna married Pelham Winslow, 
 a Loyalist. 
 
222 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 goodness to pass a few days with me, says there is no comparison between 
 the land of Shelburne and the Township of Maugerville. Your Town ex¬ 
 ceeds ours I believe in size, &c, but what’s a fine house without something 
 to put in it. Give me leave to tell you, we have a fine crop at this time 
 of wheat, oats, pease, com and potatoes with every other vegetable as ?ood 
 and in as great variety as any place I ever saw. This place is capable of 
 being made the first Township in the Province, the land up the river 
 equally good when improved, which will soon he the case as the officers 
 and soldiers are very industrious. 
 
 Captain Atwood* of the Kings American Regiment, was at my house 
 a few days ago and informed me that he had cleared forty acres of land 
 thirty miles above St. Anns and says the land is as good if not better than 
 below. 
 
 Captain Haws Hatch, Lyman and Maxwell, of the Prince of Wales, 
 are up the Nashwalk and have very good farms. I have no doubt but this 
 will be the first place in the world for half pay officers if it should be made 
 a separate Government. 
 
 General Campbell and his suite have paid us a visit. Colonel Wins¬ 
 low was with him. The General has ordered a Captain’s command at St. 
 Ann’s, also barracks and provision store to be erected there. * * * 
 
 Captain Ryerson and his brother are here. I think you had better c6me 
 to this country and settle your affairs. I should be particularly happy to 
 see you at my house for the winter or as long as convenient to you. I am 
 happy to inform you that I and my family are well. Nothing will add 
 more to my happiness than hearing of your health and welfare, which I 
 hope I shall by every opportunity and believe me D’r White, 
 
 Yours most sincerely, 
 
 __ Wm. Chew, t 
 
 *Captain Isaac Atwood was in command of a company in the King’s Ameri¬ 
 can Regiment in 1776, and served through the war. His was a company of 
 Dragoons, though nearly all of the regiment were infantry. He was the senior 
 officer of the corps who settled on the St. John River. The tract assigned the 
 King’s American Regiment lay between the Pokiok and Eel rivers. Captain 
 Atwood was a New Jersey Loyalist. He was elected a member for York County 
 in the first house of assembly of the province. He owned a tract of 700 acres 
 at the mouth of the Eel River, also the island called Fall Island, now known 
 as Brown’s Island. Like many other Loyalist officers, he became involved in 
 debt. An old newspaper contains the advertisement for sale by public auction, 
 on Monday, Oct. 1, 1810, at Gabriel Van Horne’s tavern in Fredericton, the 
 mortgage title to the late Captain Atwood’s property, consisting of Belviso Fall 
 Island and his estate at Maductic. He probably died this year in the United 
 States. The name of his estate seems to be perpetuated in “Belvisor Bar,” 
 well known to the lumbermen of the St. John River. 
 
 fWilliam Chew was a lieutenant in the 3rd New Jersey Volunteers in 1777. 
 He served through the hard campaigns in the south with much credit and was 
 severely wounded. (See letter of Edward Winslow to Lieut. Gov. Wentworth 
 under date 4th August, 1793.) He settled in New Brunswick. On the organiza¬ 
 tion of the King’s New Brunswick Regiment he received a commission in it. 
 He died at Fredericton in 1812, aged 64 years. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 223 
 
 Thomas Knox to Frederick Wm. Hecht. 
 
 Fort Howe, Sept. 1st, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—Major Gen’l Campbell having submitted to my decision the pro¬ 
 priety of victualling children (of the Disbanded Corps and Loyalists) bom 
 in this Province—you will be pleased in future to issue half Rations of 
 Provisions to all such as may be certified by me, commencing the 1st July, 
 1784, excepting where particular dates to the contrary are specified. 
 
 I am, sir, &c, 
 
 Thomas Knox, 
 
 Dy. Commissary of Musters. 
 
 To F. Wm. Hecht, Esq 
 
 Asst. Comm’y Gen’. 
 
 Mrs. Catharine Reading* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 ' Granville, September 2, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,— * * * It is not in my power to make 
 
 amends for the daily favors from your hand, still I shall watch with atten¬ 
 tion when it may in any way be in my power. Your wife and dear little 
 ones are all well. As for Miss Pen she is still sweeter every day. Mrs. 
 Winslow’s happiness would be compleat had she but you with her. * * 
 
 I must beg the favor of you to admonish Austin in his Duty in every 
 respect, as being among strangers and no one to caution him. Our family 
 are all well and join in affection to yourself. 
 
 I am Sir, 
 
 Your affectionate Friend, 
 
 Catharine Reading. 
 
 Gregory Townsend to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax 3d September, 1784. 
 
 Dear Chipman,—* * * I have some doubts of this finding 
 
 you in England and it is my earnest wish & hope that you may be on your 
 way to some good appointment in New Brunswick. General Fox’s not 
 coming out as Governor is a great disappointment to Ned, tho’ I endeavor 
 to console him with the assurance that Sir Guy will influence his Brother 
 in his favor and procure the place he expected. We hear Mr. Odell is 
 Secretary, but our sanguine hopes have construed that into a private secre¬ 
 tary. I shall be heartily mortified if he should be left unprovided 
 for. * * * 
 
 __ G. Townsend. 
 
 *Mrs. Reading was a friend and neighbor of the Winslow family when they 
 lived at Granville. Her son Austin seems to have been under Winslow’s super¬ 
 vision. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Edward Winslow to His Wife. 
 
 [Extracts from a Note Book in size 3 3-4 by 5 3-4 inches. The first 
 seven pages, and probably as many at the end, are missing. Written about 
 Sept. 15th, 1784.] 
 
 ********** 
 
 I cannot at this time enter upon the subject of our Son so largely as 
 I could wish. But only tell you in general terms that I love him as 
 ardently as yourself & that I am perfectly convinced of the goodness of his 
 disposition & the other good qualities which you enumerate with so much 
 maternal pleasure; these considerations make me anxious for his future 
 and induce me to exert myself to the utmost to place him where he can 
 obtain that greatest of all blessings (a good education) and altho’ it grieves 
 us both to part with him; yet let us for a moment anticipate the pleasure 
 of seeing him return to us a few years hence a fine accomplished youth. 
 How happy will we then be at the recollection of the hour when we con¬ 
 sented to part with him. He has behaved with perfect propriety and, if 
 you could see him now pacing across the parade between the General & 
 Addenbrooke, you would be more than delighted with him. He has 
 already been over half the town & visited all the people in it. His Scotch 
 Boy attends him like a shadow, moves when he moves and stops when he 
 stops. * * * 
 
 Don’t grow too vain on the compliments I pay you. All the elo¬ 
 quence of Mr. Brittain could not prevail on me to attempt to sign my 
 name, even to a paper of importance, but when the idea of writing you 
 entered my mind, I instantly contrived a bolster to rest my hand, & I’ve 
 already filled a number of pages. I have wrote John Robinson to request 
 his assistance in fixing the house. It will be absolutely necessary to have 
 some male friend to superintend the business, and I think he will exert 
 himself. 
 
 I shall send some cloathing and other matters round which may be of 
 some use. 
 
 My Mama & Sally are already so attached to Blacky* that I shall be 
 as much puzzled to separate him from them as I have been from you. His 
 Aunt Pen is on a visit to Dr. Haliburton’s and has not yet seen him— 
 altho’ several pressing messages have been sent: it is rather too far till he 
 is more rested. Think of the rascal’s telling me “That He did not come to 
 Halifax to read. It’s time enough for that (says he) when I get to Eng¬ 
 land.” 
 
 Morris thinks he shall stay here about a month & I’ll keep Murray till 
 then. You may rely on it that he shall not stir without every comfort 
 
 * “Blacky” is evidently a nick-name given to little Murray on account of his 
 dark complexion. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 which your fondness can wish him. I hope before he embarks to see 
 "Chippy, and that we can together make every necessary arrangement for 
 him. Mr. Byles* presents compliments. He will send another piece of 
 ribband by next conveyance. Remember me to Blowers—be very civil 
 to him. 
 
 Adieu, most affectionately, 
 
 Yrs. Edward. 
 
 Edward Winslow to His Wife. 
 
 [Contained in small Note Book 3 3-4 x 5 3-4' inches, with stiff cover, 
 containing 28 pages and about 2,500 words. Book marked Yol. VI.] 
 Halifax, Monday 20, Sept’r. 1784. 
 
 What do I care whether it’s the fashion for men to write long letters 
 to their wives or not. No man on earth looks with more sovereign con¬ 
 tempt on what’s called Common Customs than I do. In matters where 
 my own feelings are concerned I will not be shackled by any of the rules 
 which bind the generality of mankind. I have said that in my present 
 state of inaction I cannot enjoy a pleasure equal to that of writing to you, 
 and that’s sufficient reason for writing. If other men do not experience 
 the same sensation they have not the same degree of sensibility nor the 
 same degree of affection. Let such inanimate wretches be content with 
 writing. “These few lines come hoping &c.” I’ll enjoy the superlative 
 satisfaction of scribbling whole volumes. If from the feeble state of mind 
 or body they should be dull or unentertaining, they will at least serve as 
 proofs of the sincerity & fervency of my love for you. 
 
 Mentioning the word fashion at the beginning of my letter has unac¬ 
 countably brought to my mind a dissertation upon the present Fashions in 
 England which was read me fron^ a letter from my celebrated friend Mrs. 
 Coare (formerly Nancy Lechmere) and which does so much credit to the 
 present taste that I will endeavor to give you as much of it as I can re¬ 
 collect. She says “The prevailing rage is to be perfectly plain. Caps are 
 “ not worn, except by elderly ladies, and feathers & all such kiqd of 
 “ Trumpery are totally laid aside. The younger ladies wear plain, deep 
 “ crown’d hats. Muslin & Chintz Gowns with plain long muslin aprons 
 “ are worn by all ladies of taste; even the first Duchesses dress in this way 
 “ except at Court, and it will probably continue until winter when silks 
 
 ♦Mather Byles, jr., was the eldest son of Bev. Dr. Byles, who was rector 
 of Trinity church, 1788-1814. At this time he was a clerk in the military offices 
 in Halifax. He was very intimate with the Winslow family; was born in 
 Boston in 1755. A few years after the above letter was written he went to 
 Grenada and was commissary there. He married, June, 1797, Mary Bridgwater, 
 eldest daughter of the chief justice of the island. He died at Grenada, Dec. 17, 
 1802, at the age of 38 years. His grandson, Mather Byles, visited St. John in 
 1889 as commander of H. M. S. Tourmaline. 
 
226 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 “ will be substituted. Hoops are entirely out of fashion.” How different 
 is this from the fantastic figures which have been exhibited here this sum¬ 
 mer. Some of the females who have lately arrived at this place from 
 London, seem to exert all their talents to daub and finify those parts which 
 require no ornament and to expose to view such other parts as nature 
 seems to intend that every modest woman should conceal. 
 
 An immensity of False-Tops False Curls, monstrous Caps, Grease, 
 Filth of various kinds. Jewels, Painted paper and trinkets, hide and de¬ 
 form heads of Hair that in their natural state are really beautiful. Rouge 
 & other Dirt cover cheeks and faces that without would be tolerable, 
 whilst the unfortunate neck and breasts remain open to the inclemency 
 of the weather & the view of the World. The other parts of Dress are 
 equally preposterous. A long party-colored Trail flows over a Hoop (that 
 covers a rotundity of Hips sufficiently large without it) and sweeps along 
 the ground behind, while the poor legs and knees are chilled with every 
 blast which blows. 
 
 Take a woman rigged in this way, & she certainly is the most ridicul¬ 
 ous thing in the world. Were the indulgence of this Fancy (as it’s called) 
 confined to those women that * * [5 lines missing.] But 
 
 alas, it pervades other orders of women. Examples like Mrs. W-& 
 
 Mrs. B- will be followed by the vain and giddy as well as by the 
 
 vicious, perhaps in some instances without evil intentions. Among the 
 errors which are committed in this world there Is none more unpardonable 
 than that of a modest woman’s attempting to imitate the * * * 
 
 [5 lines missing.] I have often thought and I believe it to be an absolute 
 fact, that men (altho’ they have not so much cunning as women) have 
 more knowledge of the foibles of females, than the ladies have of theirs, 
 and I certainly know that a strained attempt to exhibit or rather expose 
 their charms is among the number of faults for which they are ridiculed 
 with extreme severity. 
 
 Could a lady of good sense mix Incog, in a party of licentious and 
 debauched men & listen to their conversation on this subject, she would 
 be convinced that even these hold in derision such foolish women as 
 attempt to gain their affections by putting on an appearance of wantonness 
 & indecency. And she would also find that libertines reverence the ex¬ 
 ternal shew of innocence and virtue and (altho’ they do not stammer at 
 blasphemy and treason) they cannot speak with disrespect of a truly ami¬ 
 able & modest female character. If then these ladies are the objects of 
 disgust with sensible men and the objects of ridicule with men of pleasure 
 -—their conquests must be confined to old Fools—young Fools & very 
 empty coxcombs—and these are surely not worth the trouble. 
 
 Now I think I hear you exclaim—“What the deuce can have put my 
 “ husband all men in the world into this train of writing.” 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 227 
 
 I’ll tell you my precious Wife. First, negatively—(as the clergy say): 
 It is not from an idea of increasing your abhorrence of such flirts. That 
 I know to he impossible. I sometimes think your Ldayship errs a little 
 upon the opposite extreme to that which I have described. From sixteen 
 years old to the present time you have literally set your Cap at no creature 
 on earth hut me. Regardless of Fashion you have only endeavored by 
 uniform cleanliness to make yourself desirable in my eyes, but I am not 
 contented with this. I love you so well that I am always gratified when I 
 see other people admire you, and (if Providence ever puts it in my power) 
 you shall be as much distinguished for the elegance of your dress as you 
 are for your constancy and fidelity. 
 
 That vagabond Murray has fairly disconcerted me by his impertin¬ 
 ence. 
 
 “What are you writing?” (says he). 
 
 “A letter to your Mama.” 
 
 “What, in that book?” 
 
 “Yes.” 
 
 “You’d better stop your nonsense, I think.” 
 
 “Why,” says I, “don’t you think Mama will be glad to read a whole 
 book-full from me?” 
 
 “I don’t know,” he says, “Too much of one thing is good for nothing.” 
 
 Did you ever hear such a varlet? Lest you should be of his mind, 
 I’ll leave off for a little. 
 
 Tuesday, 21st. 
 
 Mr. Dight has just called to acquaint me that he shall not set off till 
 tomorrow, I gave him a letter of introduction to you yesterday. I’ll 
 endeavor to send this by him. 
 
 I am yet confined to my room, my right Foot & left arm in constant 
 and violent pain. I shall come out one of these days so fair, so delicate, 
 & genteel that I shall hardly be known by my old acquaintances. I never 
 in my life experienced so severe a fit of the Gout. I however hope it will 
 secure me good health for the remainder of the winter. 
 
 Master Murray made one of a party of pleasure yesterday a fishing, 
 & he’s taken cold and it’s laughable enough to see the fuss that’s made 
 with him—one says, “The dear little creature’s oppressed at his stomach” 
 —another says “He’s feverish,” &c. If they don’t hurt him by their non¬ 
 sense I shall be glad. He is exactly as you have seen him a hundred 
 times, stuffed at his stomach & wheezes, but I am sure that a drink of 
 whey or something warm when he goes to bed will answer all the pur¬ 
 pose. The rascal’s laughing at them now. 
 
 You always thought My Mary that I did not love this precious boy so 
 much as I ought to. How grossly are you mistaken. The idea of parting 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS, 
 
 [178* 
 
 with him is as painful to me as yourself, and I almost tremble when they 
 tell me a ship will be ready to sail for England in a week or ten days. Yet 
 I must and will be reconciled. When he is indisposed I cannot be at ease 
 for a moment, and altho’ he has now only a trifling cold, I cannot suppress 
 my anxiety. Indeed Mama I will not allow that your affection for him is 
 greater than my own. Since his arrival here he has quite captivated all 
 his relations. For (altho’ he will not be sociable in large parties of ladies, 
 but acts on such occasions just as he used to,) yet whenever a company re¬ 
 tires and the family & two or three friends form a circle of themselves, he 
 is sure to afford a monstrous deal of real entertainment. He has this 
 evening amused his aunts with a history of the whole family, and has 
 given a character of all the children and servants & of almost everybody 
 in the neighborhood, and he certainly does say some of the most extra¬ 
 ordinary things that ever enter’d into the head of a child of his age. But 
 I will not indulge you any farther on this subject, you are already too 
 partial to this little Micmac. I’ll now tell you a circumstance which I 
 did not communicate in my last, because I thought it would give you some 
 airs of triumph over me. I acknowledge myself mortify’d. I also ac¬ 
 knowledge that you were right in some of your conjectures. After this 
 concession you ought not to tieze me. I have been obliged to dismiss my 
 friend Mr. Presley with his fair lady &c., and have taken into oav Mr. 
 Tobias or George Oakman to take care of the horses. If I like his be¬ 
 haviour I’ll keep him this winter, but he really seems a stupid creature. I 
 however hope he will not cheat me. I hope you will very soon begin your 
 preparation for carrying on the business which I chalked out in my last. 
 Should I receive information of any appointment to my satisfaction at 
 Nhw Brunswick even after you have collected materials for repairing our 
 house, we certainly could not lose much by them. 
 
 If events take place to prevent my going there, I shall first propose to 
 General Campbell to permit me to spend the winter at Granville, because 
 if I go with his leave I shall retain my pay of 10s. p. day, which with the 
 emoluments is, in my present circumstances, a very great object. In that 
 case I probably may not see you till the first of November. But should 
 he refuse this request, I’ll take French leave of him directly. Everything 
 depends on my next intelligence from England. I yet do not despair 
 (under the Rose) of going to St. John’s this winter. But this idea must 
 not hinder your utmost exertions about the House, for should we be dis¬ 
 appointed we shall be in a terrible Box. [Four lines missing.] 
 
 Sally Miller (of whom he* is excessively fond) has not left him one 
 moment. Dr. Mclntire gave him some castor oil, which he says is the best 
 thing in the world for Worms. 
 
 "'Meaning little Murray. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Wednesday Mom’g 22d. 
 
 Murray is perfectly recovered; lie is now deliberating where he shall 
 dine today among a number of invitations. [4 lines missing.] 
 
 Mary, cannot you among the other improvements contrive to make a 
 cellar or hole for vegetables? they are very convenient. I should think a 
 very excellent one might be dug under the bank near where the first 
 kitchen hut stood. It could not be attended with much labor or expence, 
 it must be close sodded—there’s plenty of sods all round, two or three 
 men would finish it in a day. Try it. I find that the articles of Clothing 
 &c., which I have purchased & procured here will fill eight or ten large 
 packages. If I send ’em round what will you do with them? Is there 
 room in any part of Mr. Redding’s House? If there is not I’ll let ’em 
 remain here till Spring—altho’ I would rather have ’em at home. Write 
 me word whether you can stow ’em safely. 
 
 Austin Redding was here last evening he seems to be perfectly 
 satisfy’d with his place & Prince is pleased with him. I inclose letters 
 for his Brother & Sister. Murray desires his love to Dick & Tom & Katy 
 & Sam & Ferdinand & Mama Redding & all of ’em—to be sure he’s begun 
 rather at the wrong end. Make mine at the same time. Give my love to 
 Jack Robinson & Wright—tell the latter I hope he manages to keep that 
 unfortunate servant of Hardenbrooke’s a little indisposed yet. It would 
 be a melancholy thing if she gets perfectly well. 
 
 Fearing that all other sources might fail I have sent 10 guineas by 
 Mr. Dight. Manage it with extreme care. He informs me that he’ll not 
 be off till Fryday. What a strange business. I calculated to close my 
 letter at 12 o’clock this day—& my whole book is finished. I swear I’ll 
 not write any more—but I solemnly swear that I am your devoted, faithful 
 & affectionate 
 
 Husband, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to His Wife. 
 
 [Letter written in book similar to preceding but double thickness. 
 Cover and first six pages missing.] 
 
 [Halifax] Sept. 24, 1784. 
 
 What do you think of your young man Murray? I wrote for him a 
 letter last evening. He has just been whispering in my ear that he wishes 
 I would write another letter for him to his Mama. I told him I would 
 tomorrow night. "Ay,” (says he) "I don’t want such an one as you wrote 
 last night. I want one in a book—a whole book full, such an one as you 
 write.” 
 
230 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 “Why,” said I, “you pup—what have you to say to fill a volume?” 
 “Get a book (says he) & I’ll tell you. I have as much to say to Mama as 
 you have, and I love Mama as well as you do, I’m hang’d if I don’t.” 
 
 Upon my honor I’m often puzzled to get rid of the fellow. I must 
 send him off as soon as I can for the longer he stays, the more sincerely 
 and affectionately am I attached to him. 
 
 I have had a very handsome present from Colonel Morse; a beautiful 
 writing box with all the materials &c., &c., so convenient that I shall cer¬ 
 tainly keep it to myself. 
 
 I have had a tet-a-tete with old Forrest and he has expressed himself 
 in such warm terms of friendship toward your ladyship that I am per¬ 
 fectly reconciled to him, and have lent him my Horse to ride half way to 
 Windsor. 
 
 If you should he obliged to procure, cloaths for John before you re¬ 
 ceive cloth from me, let ’em he of the colour I proposed in my last. I 
 shall send by the ship a quantity of unmade green cloaths & white waist¬ 
 coats which will last a great while & I dislike frequent changes of livery. 
 
 Gordon has this moment announced his intention of sending off an 
 express tomorrow & I’ve just discovered that I have begun my letter in a 
 double hook, of course it can be fill’d. 
 
 Morris has paid a visit to Commodore Sir Charles Douglas this morn¬ 
 ing, and He has politely offered him a passage in either of the Transports 
 which are now preparing to sail, and Gordon has also waited on him in 
 behalf of Master Murray and he has made the same answer with respect 
 to him. I am exceedingly gratify’d at it, and I have dispatched Morris 
 to propose the matter to the Captain of the Sally, a fine large ship in 
 which go as passengers, Col. Moore, Col. Brownton, Major Home, & several 
 others of my particular acquaintances. I have requested Robinson to 
 make a bargain with the Captain to have a berth built in his own State 
 Room, and that I will pay any expenses that may attend it. Every pre¬ 
 paration is making for him to embark. I shall lay in every kind of stores, 
 Wine, &c., and I have procured a servant to attend him on the passage, 
 and I shall send with Morris money sufficient to answer all his purposes at 
 his first landing. I have wrote particularly to Mr. Geyer* & Mr. Coffin 
 and have requested their attention to him. I have also pointed out a 
 method by which the expence of his education will he annually defrayed. 
 The Gentlemen passengers have all in the genteelest manner preferred 
 their services, especially Col. Morse; I shall hold mvself eternally obliged 
 to him for his uncommon civility on this delicate occasion. 
 
 Thus arranged my dear wife is this very important matter, and I now 
 
 ♦Frederick William Geyer was an old friend of Edward Winslow. He was 
 at this time living in England. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 231 
 
 feel a kind of consolation which is peculiar to a tender & affectionate 
 parent and of which I wish you to partake, and which you will necessarily 
 enjoy because it results from a consciousness of having performed a serious 
 and important duty. You have parted with a precious boy—a son who 
 not only contributed to your amusement, but who really discovers an 
 uncommon degree of sensibility and gratitude. His manners and dispo¬ 
 sition attach even strangers to him. Were he of a contrary character 
 there would he no merit in relinquishing him for a time. With all these 
 good qualities I acknowledge that it requires great philosophy to reconcile 
 one’s self to a separation from him. And yet the consideration that he 
 possesses them, makes it doubly incumbent on us to do him justice in his 
 education. Should your motherly tenderness or weakness have prevented 
 this sweet fellow from availing himself of the advantages now held out to 
 him, and for want of proper attention to his education have turned out a 
 Blackguard what remorse, what stings of conscience would you have felt. 
 
 We have now done all that God and our own consciences can require 
 of us. If accidents happen to him we have nothing to answer for. There¬ 
 fore Madam instead of fetching a sigh, join me in wishing him a good 
 passage & let what will happen we will bear it handsomely. There’s 
 Christian like doctrine for you and faith Mary (whatever the world may 
 say of me) when put to a severe test—I am a Christian. * * * 
 
 [Mss. tom.] I (to be sure) once in a while leap the hounds of prudence 
 and commit small irregularities, but I’m hang’d (as Murray says) if I don’t 
 do all the good I can. * * * [Mss. torn.] 
 
 Ed.Winslow. 
 
 My dear Mama,— 
 
 I love you dearly. How I shall long to see you when I get to Eng¬ 
 land. I shall never forget you my dear Mama. I shall sail next week in 
 the ship Sally—all my things are pack’d up. Papa has bought me a 
 charming chest and Grandmama is to hake me a whole parcel of ginger¬ 
 bread and pyes, and they are to be put in the chest and my servant is to 
 keep the key. 
 
 The Gentlemen will all he kind to me, and I shall he very comfort¬ 
 able. I wrote you last night and so I have nothing more to say—only my 
 love to Pop and Tom, & little Pen & Kitty James. 
 
 I am, dear Mama, 
 
 Your loving & faithful son 
 
 Daniel Murray Winslow. 
 
 [Signature made apparently by pen in child’s fingers guided by 
 father.] 
 
 I relate these little dialogues almost word for word as they are spoken, 
 and altho’ one half the world will laugh at the nonsense & folly of such 
 repetitions yet you my beloved wife will receive some pleasure from them. 
 Parents who feel as we do will naturally experience agreeable sensations at 
 
232 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1784 
 
 the relation of every circumstance which concerns our dear little ones, 
 however trifling they are in themselves. 
 
 Miss Kitty Taylor (who is one of the most amiable girls in the whole 
 world & is vastly fond of Murray) has been for an hour almost, endeavour¬ 
 ing to prevail on Murray to kiss her, which he has steadily refused; at last 
 under a pretence of whispering to him, she has given him a very loud 
 smack. “0 hang it,” says Murray, “Tis not so had as I thought it was, 
 now you may kiss me as much as you have a mind to.” The whole com¬ 
 pany are now in a roar laughing at him, Marston among the rest, whose 
 fondness for Murray has made him dearer to me than ever. Murray is 
 with him half the day and he is constantly collecting nuts, apples, &c, for 
 him. 
 
 I am monstrously anxious for the arrival of an express, not a word 
 from you since Murray’s arrival. Thompson has not yet determined when 
 he will return. I will if possible prevail on him to wait until a packet 
 arrives, which must be within a week or ten days unless the Devil’s in ’em. 
 I have been hourly in expectation of Mr. Matthews. He certainly must 
 have sailed at least 8 weeks ago. And by Chippy’s letter, Ludlow and him 
 were to sail early in August; they also certainly must be along soon. There 
 has not been an arrival from any quarter since I wrote you by John (except 
 from New England). All the great people of Halifax, men and women, 
 have been and are still flocking to the states to visit their rebel brethren 
 and I dare say their congratulations and embraces are very cordial. The 
 Devil kiss ’em. all together. 
 
 Mama. This is really an omnium gatherum kind of an epistle. I 
 don’t care, you’ll be so good as to peruse all your volumes very attentively 
 and forward to me plain & unequivocal answers to all the questions con¬ 
 tained in them. I don’t mean that you should imitate me in prolixity. I 
 will not permit any man or woman on the face of the earth to equal me 
 in evincing my affection. It is as much superior, as much purer than the 
 common run of people’s, as my letters are longer than the cold short letters 
 of transient acquaintances. 
 
 I am yet confined to my room with the Gout, and altho’ I am sur¬ 
 rounded by a multitude of friends, and incumbered with an infinite variety 
 of business, I steal my opportunities and dash away page after page to you 
 my best loved and amiable Wife. I do not regard how incoherent—how 
 incorrect they are. You love to hear me talk, altho’ a portion of my con¬ 
 versation may not be entertaining, & I am sure that you have some pleas¬ 
 ure in reading every line I write. 
 
 I have this day for the first time this fortnight ventured to put on a 
 coat and shoes—my leg and arm continue very much swelled but I am 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 233 
 
 1784] 
 
 prodigiously relieved, & anticipate the pleasure of enjoying the fresh air 
 an a very few days. Really wife I have had a terrible time. 
 
 Good night 
 
 God bless you 
 
 [Continued.] E. W. 
 
 Friday. 25. Sepr 1784. 
 
 It is not possible for any pen or tongue to describe the variety of 
 wretchedness that is at this time exhibited in the streets of this place, and 
 God knows I am obliged to hear a large proportion of it. This is what 
 we call a hoard day, & the yard in front of my House has been crowded 
 since eight o’clock with the most miserable objects that ever were beheld. 
 
 As if there was not a sufficiency of such distress’d objects already in 
 this country the good people of England have collected a whole ship load 
 of all kinds of vagrants from the streets of London, and sent them out to 
 Nova Scotia.* Great numbers died on the passage of various disorders— 
 the miserable remnant are landed here and have now no cover but tents. 
 Such as are able to crawl are begging for a proportion of provisions at my 
 door. Two other ships were loading with the same kind of cargoes. 
 Heaven only knows what will become of ’em. As soon as we get rid of 
 such a sett as these, another little multitude appears of old crippled Re¬ 
 fugees, men and women who have seen better days. Some of ’em tell me 
 they formerly knew me, they have no other friend to depend upon and 
 they solicit in language so emphatieal and pathetic, that ’tis impossible for 
 any man whose heart is not callous to every tender feeling, to refuse their 
 requests. 
 
 Next to them perhaps comes an unfortunate set of Blackies begging 
 for Christ’s sake that Masser would give ’em a little provision if it’s only 
 for one week. “He wife sick; He children sick; and He will die if He have 
 not some.” I am illy calculated for such services. These applications 
 make an impression on my mind which is vastly disagreeable. I cannot 
 forget them. It is not possible to relieve all their distresses. I long to 
 retreat from such scenes. My views are humble, I ask no more than a 
 competency to support myself, my wife, and children decentlv and to live 
 and enjoy them I care not where. This has hitherto been out of my power 
 but I flatter mysjelf that the time is not far distant when I shall be gratify’d 
 in this first wish of my heart. 
 
 Among the most persevering solicitors which I have met with is your 
 old Townsman, fellow passenger & friend, Thomas Edwards Esq: As regu¬ 
 larly as the day comes—comes Thomas Edwards, and he always prefaces 
 his application by telling me what a wonderful affection he has for you and 
 
 ♦This statement is confirmed by Murdoch in his History of Nova Scotia. 
 See Vol. III., pp. 34, 35. 
 
234 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 the children; and then he hopes the Colonel will order him cloaths, shoes, 
 provisions, blankets, medicines, &c, &c, &c. I have this morning sat 
 down by him with a pencil, and have taken down the several articles which 
 he requests, and I have told him that I would give him an order to receive 
 every one of them on the single consideration that he should not on any 
 pretence whatever make me another visit till he embarks for England. 
 To this he has solemnly agreed, and we have shaken hands and I have 
 most sincerely wished him a good and quick passage, and that he may 
 find such a reception in England as will effectually prevent the necessity 
 of his returning to this country. 
 
 By the way, since I am on the subject of Rations, you have heard that 
 by the late orders the Loyalists are to receive only two thirds allowance of 
 provisions from the first of last May, but the disbanded officers and soldiers 
 are to receive a full allowance to the 24th of October. In the settlement 
 of your account with Mr. Williams* you are to consider yourself as a dis¬ 
 banded Muster-Ma.ster-General, & of course will draw full rations for 
 yourself and family to the 24th of October. There can be no difficulty 
 on the subject, but I would settle with Mr. Williams to that period after 
 which you will share the same fate as your neighbors and be at two thirds 
 allowance. * * * 
 
 Robinson & Gordon are now employed in fixing Murray’s berth and 
 regulating matters for his passage. If he had been Gordon’s own and only 
 son he could not have been more engaged and interested for him. 
 
 1 o’clock. 
 
 We have this moment heard of an arrival at Shelburne. I’ll be in 
 the fidgits till I hear particulars. 
 
 What can I have written in fifty pages? I swear I would not read it 
 for 50 shillings. 
 
 Our sister Sally says that that painted ribband would be a most 
 elegant trimming for a White Shawl. If you think so I’ll buy one and 
 send you. 
 
 Adieu my dearest Mary, 
 
 Everlastingly Yours 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 William Garden to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Ann’s, 25th Sep’r, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I have lately received two letters of Instruction from Mr. 
 Brinley couched in such a manner as gives me satisfaction & for which I 
 
 *That is for the rations furnished. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 235 
 
 will suppose myself indebted to you. I want words to express the sense 
 I have of all your favors—be assured I shall ever remember them with 
 gratitude. 
 
 The General’s appointment* and Mr. Brinley’s letters, leave me in the 
 dark as to my pay, will you have the goodness to fix that for me? 
 
 I have wrote to Mr. Brinley by this opportunity that I have employed 
 Mr. Monson Hayt as Clerk, and a man as cooper and issuer, and I hope he 
 will make a generous allowance for them. The public buildings are in 
 great forwardness, one of the provision stores will be fit for the reception 
 of Provisions next week. We are greatly mortified that General Fox is 
 not coming out Gov’r. I beg my most respectful compliments to General 
 Campbell and Cap’n Addenbrooke, & I am, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obd’t & much obliged 
 humble serv’t, 
 
 Wm. Garden. 
 
 Thomas Knox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fort Howe, 25th Sept., 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I enclose you a General Return of the numbers of Persons of all 
 descriptions who have been mustered by me within the District of St. 
 John’s River, and to whom I have given certificates on the Asst. Commis¬ 
 sary Gen’l at this Post for the Royal Bounty of Provisions as Settlers in 
 His Majesty’s Provinces of Nova Scotia, which I beg you will be pleased 
 to lay before the Commander in Chief. 
 
 From this Return some deductions will be made by me as unworthy 
 the favor of Government. 
 
 I wrote to you by Governor Wentworth and enclosed Copies of two 
 letters to Mr. Hecht with some general regulations to be observed in 
 settling with the different Corps and Classes. This business is nearly 
 finished, but it has been attended with great difficulty on account of over¬ 
 drawings by former Returns, and has occasioned my long delay; a delay 
 
 ♦That is William Garden’s appointment as commissary at Fredericton. He 
 lived on the corner of Queen and Church streets (opposite the Cathedral); the 
 house is still standing, and occupied by Robert G. Wetmore. Wm. Garden was 
 in business partnership with William Donaldson of St. John. They supplied 
 those engaged in lumbering, &c. Mr. Garden’s property in Kingsclear—where 
 he lived later—was just above Judge Winslow’s, rather more than a mile above 
 Phyllis Creek. On a little stream there he built a mill. In the old plans in the 
 crown land office this is marked “Pierre Paul Creek.” The Gardens brought 
 with them from New York an old slave named Dinah. William Garden died 
 in 1812, aged 63 years. His son, Hugh Mackay Garden, married a Miss Gale, 
 sister of the late Mrs. Wm. H. Needham. Another son, Nelson Garden, married 
 a Miss Cunliffe of Woodstock, and a daughter married a Dibblee. All these, 
 with their mother, are buried in the old parish church yard at Woodstock, not 
 far from the last resting place of their old friend and neighbor, Sheriff Winslow. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 £1784 
 
 which I hope will not impress the Commander in Chief with an unfavor¬ 
 able opinion of my assiduity and exertions to close the Business on which 
 I was sent, and which must have been left in a very unfinished state had 
 I returned before. * * * 
 
 My business being so far closed I shall take the first opportunity that 
 offers for Annapolis to cross the Bay and return to Halifax. 
 
 I am sir, &c. 
 
 Thomas Knox, 
 
 Dy. Com’y of Musters. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Captain Frink. 
 
 Halifax, Sept’r 30th, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I received your letter of the 15th instant, with the memorial 
 inclosed. 
 
 It is now reduced to an absolute certainty that the St. Johms side the 
 Bay of Fundy is formed into a Government, and since Governor Parr has 
 received official intelligence of that event, he has repeatedly declined 
 making any new arrangements, or giving any new grants in that district. 
 I therefore thought best to return your memorial that you may avail your¬ 
 self of the earliest opportunity to make your application to the new Gov¬ 
 ernor, who may be expected every hour at St. John’s. 
 
 Indeed I should have been but a bad advocate for you with the pres¬ 
 ent Governor of Nova Scotia, it not being any part of my ambition to be 
 ranked among that order of men who are distinguished by marks of His 
 Excellency’s favor. 
 
 I shall always with alacrity embrace any opportunity to render ser¬ 
 vices to any of my old friends of the Provincial Regiments. 
 
 I am, Sir, Your very humble Servant, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Capt. Frink, 
 
 Carleton, St. Johns. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Major John Coffin. 
 
 Halifax, October 4th, 1784. 
 
 My dear Fellow,—I do not deserve abuse for not writing you since my 
 return to this place. The strange variety of reports which have prevailed 
 here since the last packet arrived have rendered the news respecting the 
 arrangements for this country so inexplicably mysterious that we know not 
 what to depend on. At first it was supposed an indisputable fact that 
 Col. Carleton had embarked with his subordinate civil officers agreeable 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 237 
 
 to the list which I sent you. * * * A letter from Chipman 
 
 hints “that the present arrangement may not he permanent.” Accus¬ 
 tomed as I am to plain English language, I am unable to construe these 
 enigmatical, political conundrums, and I literally do not know who is 
 Governor, Secretary or anything else. It is however agreed on all hands 
 that you are to have these kind of officers immediately. And at this 
 I acknowledge myself gratified, and with the same degree of candour I 
 confess that I shall he disappointed unless they have pointed out some 
 decent employment for me, because it is the first object of my wishes to 
 settle among you. If it turns out otherwise, and in this as in former in¬ 
 stances I have beat the Bush for others, I will make myself tolerably easy, 
 for altho’ my present situation is not perfectly agreeable to my mind, it 
 has its advantages. 
 
 Until I hear further I must suspend all serious operations on your 
 side the Bay. I cannot think of building a house there for my mother & 
 sisters unless I am to reside there myself. You shall have the earliest in¬ 
 formation of an arrival, and of the news when its reduced to a certainty. 
 I will send an express to you and you must take your measures accord¬ 
 ingly. A multitude of people are coming out, and by all accounts there 
 are a great number of candidates for almost every office that’s worth hold¬ 
 ing. * * * 
 
 I thank you cordially for the warmth with which you express your 
 desire for us to take up our residence in your country. I have not (for 
 twelve months past) built a castle or anticipated a pleasure hut what has 
 centered there, and my predilection has arisen principally from the con¬ 
 sideration that I should there enjoy the society of those friends for whom 
 I have the greatest affection. 
 
 I am perfectly of your opinion with respect to our friend Aplin, but 
 having already given him my sentiments explicitly on the subject with¬ 
 out any effect, I must leave him to pursue his own plan. * * * 
 
 Altho’ he is a good fellow in some resnects he certainly is a verv poor devil 
 in others. 
 
 Accept my best acknowledgments for a late instance of attention to 
 my wife. I regret on her account that I do not remove to St. Johns this 
 winter—because I am sure it would he more agreeable than her present 
 situation and (however unfashionable the sentiment may be) I am not 
 ashamed to affirm that to make her comfortable is an object of the first 
 importance in my mind. To my shame she has had a larger proportion 
 of mortifications than she deserved, and by Heaven she shall never feel 
 another if I can prevent it. My boy Murray embarks tomorrow for Eng¬ 
 land in a ship with Col’s Morse, Brownlow, Armstrong, Major Home and 
 Morris Robinson. He’s to he put to school in the country. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 Hazen announces his intention of setting off this evening, to him I 
 refer you for any further news. Sister Sally writes Mrs. Coffin—remem¬ 
 ber me affectionately to her and the young Buck, and believe me 
 Most sincerely yours 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Major John Coffin, 
 
 River St. Johns. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Charles McEvers. 
 
 Halifax, October 4th, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your letter of the 13th of June reached me while I was 
 on a tour to the outposts, and before I returned to this place your friend 
 Mr. Wilkins had gone to Shelburne, which prevented me the pleasure of 
 paying him that attention which his merit and your recommendation 
 entitle him to. Should any future opportunity offer to render a service 
 or shew a civility to him or his family I shall embrace it with alacrity. 
 
 In answer to your kind enquiries respecting my present situation I 
 have to tell you that I hold the appointment of Military Secretary for the 
 district of Nova Scotia, an employment not so enviable for its emoluments 
 as for the frequent opportunities it affords of relieving the distresses of the 
 unfortunate. I have been obliged to reside principally at Halifax, and I 
 had the consolation to provide a comfortable shelter and support for my 
 good old father and his family until God Almighty was pleased to take 
 him from us. My mother and sisters yet remain here. 
 
 My wife and family are in a snug box at a place called Granville near 
 Annapolis. I have leased a farm there in a delightful situation & a good 
 neighbourhood, and I spend as much of my time there as my business will 
 admit. Your old friend Mary is as happy as I can make her. I lost my 
 sweet little boy “Chip” soon after my arrival in this country, and I’ve had 
 a fine daughter since. My eldest Buck, Murray, embarks tomorrow for 
 England. 
 
 We are in daily expectation of the arrival of a Governor and the other 
 civil officers for the new province formed on the north side the Bay of 
 Fundy, called New Brunswick. As soon as the business is fairly arranged 
 I shall, I hope, take up my abode there. I have explored the country very 
 faithfully and I am perfectly satisfied that it must become of great im¬ 
 portance. We have certain intelligence that the Judge [Ludlow], Col. 
 Ludlow, D. Matthews,* TTpham, Chipman and many others are preparing 
 to come out. I hope when we are all collected that you will be anxious to 
 pay us a visit. I am sure it will contribute to your health, and I flatter 
 
 ♦David Matthews in 1766 was Mayor of the City of New York. After the war 
 he was President of the Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Island of Cape Breton. 
 
1784 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 239 
 
 myself that you will find a jolly set of fellows, who (if they do not enjoy 
 immense wealth) are neither oppressed by enormous impositions, or in¬ 
 sulted by impertinent Black-Guards. 
 
 Let me assure you (after presenting my respects to your family) that 
 there is not a man on earth who would more sincerely rejoice to see you, 
 than your faithful and affectionate Friend, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Charles McEvers, N. York. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Mrs. Frances Ludlow. 
 
 Halifax, October 4th, 1784. 
 
 Madam,—A long absence from this place has prevented an earlier 
 acknowledgment of the receipt of your letter. As soon as possible after 
 I had perused its contents I sought & found the modest unfortunate Mr. 
 Clements, and permit me to assure you that I have experienced a peculiar 
 and a double satisfaction in my endeavours to alleviate his misfortunes 
 from a consideration that I was not only performing an act of benevolence, 
 but was at the same time obeying your command. I have secured the 
 Bounty of Provisions to Mr. Clements and his Family, and I have advised 
 him to remain in his present situation until the arrangements for the new 
 province are compleated, and then to make application for a grant in that 
 country, where I hope men of Integrity & virtue will be more certain of 
 rewards than they are in this. 
 
 Late letters from England give me cause to anticipate the pleasure of 
 seeing Mrs. Colonel Ludlow & yourself in this country, in which I flatter 
 myself you will be agreeably disappointed. 
 
 May you long enjoy without interruption the society of your family 
 & friends is very ardently the prayer of Madam 
 
 Your most obed’t, h’ble servt, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Mrs. Frances Ludlow, New York. 
 
 Lieut. John Eobinson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Annapolis Oct’r 4th, 1784. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—You may depend upon my giving Mrs. Winslow all 
 the assistance in my power in repairing the house. I hope we shall be 
 able to make it very comfortable. We have agreed that grates will not 
 answer; the only coal you can get here is from the Commissary which is 
 exceedingly bad, and you cannot bum it in the kitchen. We intend to 
 make false backs to the fire places in the house and to build an oven out 
 of doors. The kitchen chimney I am afraid must come down. 
 
240 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 I am very sorry that you have had so disagreeable a companion as the 
 Grout, and hope ere this you have got rid of him. My compliments to the 
 Major and Byles. 
 
 I am, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most ob’t Friend & Servt. 
 
 John Robinson. 
 
 Edward Winslow to George Leonard. 
 
 Halifax, 5th October, 1784. 
 
 D’r. Leonard,— * * I acknowledge that I enjoy the 
 
 ehagrine which is apparent in the countenances of the Nabobs of Nova 
 Scotia on this occasion. They have (until official letters reached his Ex¬ 
 cellency) affected to ridicule the idea of a separate government as absurd 
 and romantic; they are now certain it is a reality and to their confusion 
 they find that its limits extend to the County of Cumberland & that the 
 most valuable part of that county is included in the province of New 
 Brunswick. A remonstrance (patronized by his Excellency and signed by 
 a class of gentry not remarkable for their Loyalty, viz, Uniacke the Solici¬ 
 tor, Mr. Cochran, Allan and other absentee proprietors) has been trans¬ 
 mitted to England setting forth the inconvenience that will arise from 
 this boundary. It has been managed in the same secret, silent way in 
 which business of this kind has been usually conducted in Nova Scotia, 
 and (altho’ I am perfectly satisfied that the boundary is irrevocably fixed) 
 I have taken some pains not only to counteract these men—but to char¬ 
 acterize them. * * * 
 
 Present my best respects to Mrs. Leonard & the young Ladies and 
 believe me. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Geo. Leonard, Esq, St. Johns. 
 
 S. Jarvis to Ward Chipman. 
 
 London, Llth October, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I hope this will meet you safe arrived with his Excellency 
 (Gov. Carleton) after an agreeable passage, and that you find everything 
 to your liking. 
 
 Mr. Coffin has sent out in the “Hermione,” Captain Carge, Col. Wins¬ 
 low’s Father’s grave stone* to him under care of Mr. D’l Hammill. * * 
 
 _ S. Jarvis. 
 
 ““This stone may be seen in the old St. Paul’s burial .ground in Halifax. 
 The inscription will be found in the introductory pages of this book. It has 
 been recently recut on the stone at Halifax. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 241 
 
 Memorial of Stephen Jarvis.* 
 
 To His Excellency Thomas Carleton, Esq’r, Captain General and Governor 
 in Chief in and over the Province of New Brunswick, &c, &~c, &c. 
 
 The Memorial of Stephen Jarvis, Lieutenant in the late South Caro¬ 
 lina Royalists, Most Humbly Sheweth:— 
 
 That your Memorialist after being disbanded at Halifax in November, 
 1783, embraced the first opportunity of going to New England for his 
 family. That after his arrival in that country he was Mobbed, his family 
 ill treated, and he obliged to relinquish his business and return to this 
 country leaving his family dangerously ill from the insults of the Rebels. 
 That on the fifth of October, 1784, he made a second attempt and after 
 encountering many difficulties he arrived with his family at St. John the 
 beginning of May last. 
 
 Memorialist on making application to Mr. Knox for provisions for 
 himself and servant it was refused him on account of the scarcity of pro¬ 
 visions then in the province. Your Memorialist most humbly prays that 
 as he has been a great sufferer for the promotion of the settlement in this 
 Province, he may be allowed provisions for himself and servant from the 
 first of November, 1784, to the first of May, 1785; and Your Memorialist 
 as in duty hound will ever pray. 
 
 S. Jarvis. 
 
 [The above is endorsed by Edward Winslow, “Complied with by the 
 Governor.”] 
 
 Thomas Knox to Major General Campbell. 
 
 Mr. Knox’s Report. 
 
 Halifax, 3d Nov., 1784. 
 
 Sir,—I have the honor to inform you that immediately on receipt of 
 your Instructions to repair to St. John’s River and Muster the Disbanded 
 Corps and Companies of Loyalists in that District, I lost no time in pre¬ 
 paring to execute the Business. 
 
 On the day of my arrival there I posted up in the most conspicuous 
 parts of Parr and Carleton, printed advertisements as the most effectual 
 means of publishing the purpose for which I was sent, and invited the 
 Commanding officers of Corps and Captains of Companies to consult with 
 me in what manner the Business might be effected with most conveniency 
 to the People. 
 
 From the very dispersed state of the new Settlers and the occasional 
 necessity of going considerable distances to see Individuals whose former 
 
 ♦Stephen Jarvis afterwards went to Upper Canada, and died at Toronto in 
 1840, at the age of 84 years. He was for some time postmaster at Fredericton. 
 See his letter under date July 10th, 1800, in this book. 
 
242 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS, 
 
 [ 178 # 
 
 condition in life, ill health, or domestic avocations would not admit of 
 their attendance on the days of Public Muster—I was soon convinced of 
 the impracticability of assembling them in regular corps, and that no 
 delay on my part might encrease the distress of the People, whose calls for 
 a supply of Provisions were immediate, I determined to proceed in the 
 muster of such as were able to attend in the Towns of Parr and Carleton 
 (where the Majority then were) and give orders for their Provisions before 
 I embarked for the River and its Branches* leaving till my return the task 
 of inspecting and correcting the abuses which had been practised on Gov¬ 
 ernment, and which already appeared numerous. 
 
 As soon as this was effected I proceeded up the River St. John, send¬ 
 ing forward advertisements specifying the Districts and, as nearly as the 
 nature of my conveyance would admit, the time when I should attend. 
 The removal of whole families [to the place of muster] occasioned great 
 inconvenience to the Settlers and in some instances expence. I therefore 
 submitted to themselves to appoint the place in a District of every five 
 miles most suitable to their own convenience. And in order to contribute 
 every facility to the future mode of drawing their Provisions and to re¬ 
 move the necessity of their attending Individually on the days appointed 
 for them to attend in Town, which had occasioned great loss of time to 
 the injury of the settlement, I took upon me to remove them from the 
 Companies to which they before belonged & classed them in Neighbour¬ 
 hoods under men of character of their own nomination, by which means 
 the attention of a few only became requisite to execute the business of the 
 whole. 
 
 I found on the Main River from the entrance to St. Anns Point, a 
 distance of near 90 miles, a very considerable number of new settlers inter¬ 
 mixed with the old—and many even for a distance of fifty miles beyond 
 it. The inconveniences to which they were subjected from the necessity 
 of drawing their Provisions at the mouth of the River had determined me 
 to extend my Report to the particular hardships of their situation, and the 
 general injury sustained by the settlements; but that intention is now 
 superceded by your late order to establish a Magazine of Provisions at St. 
 Anns Point, which from its situation will not only accommodate the 
 settlers on the River, but the numerous Branches which lead from it in 
 the neighborhood of that Post, and must, at least, have the effect of re¬ 
 moving every ground of complaint on the part of the People. 
 
 I now enclose a General Return of the total number of Persons of all 
 descriptions who have been mustered by me on the River Saint John, and 
 who have received my certificates on the Asst. Commissary there for the 
 Royal Bounty of Provisions as Settlers in His Majesty’s Province of Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 243 
 
 As soon as the business of mustering the People was finished I applied 
 to that of examining my Returns, and on comparing them with those by 
 which Provisions had been before issued, I found that it was in practice 
 with many of the officers of the Corps to draw for nominal servants ad 
 libitum, that many among the Refugees as well as Soldiery had practised 
 and still claimed the right of drawing for absent families who were expect¬ 
 ed in the Province—and that a considerable quantity of Provisions had 
 been drawn for Persons in double capacities. * * * I enclose a 
 
 Return of some of the Disbanded Corps by which Provisions were drawn 
 before the muster, which when compared with my General Return of those 
 corps will shew an essential difference. It is not possible to exhibit the 
 differences as regards the Loyal Refugees in the same comparative view, 
 on account of the frequent interchanges among them, and the irregular 
 manner in which Provisions had been necessarily issued to those who were 
 not enrolled in companies. 
 
 I enclose a list of Families to whom I have granted two months Pro¬ 
 visions as a donation from Government. They consist of old Inhabitants 
 who from involuntary causes have been reduced to circumstances of great 
 distress. Certificates of good character, supported by favorable recom¬ 
 mendations were in these cases required by me, and those only who were 
 able to procure them were admitted to consideration—of this number are 
 many who have been some years settled on the River and who have lately 
 been obliged to relinquish their possessions and improvements in favor of 
 Refugees to whom they are allotted. 
 
 In the whole of my Proceedings I have endeavoured to preserve the 
 Rights of the People and to guard against impositions to which Govern¬ 
 ment was exposed. Such only as were entitled in their own right have 
 received my certificates—among these I considered disbanded officers & 
 soldiers without a question, and Loyalists who from an attachment to His 
 Majesty’s Government had abandoned the United States and decided 
 to continue his subjects in this Province. Every other description of Per¬ 
 sons have been rejected by me as having no claim. 
 
 In the anxious expectation that my earnest endeavours to execute this 
 Business with fidelity and despatch will secure to me your approbation. 
 
 I am, &c., 
 
 Thos. Knox, D’y Com’y of Musters. 
 
 Kote by the Editor. The two returns that follow afford material for 
 some interesting comparisons. The summary at the bottom of the second 
 table shows that of the corps sent to be disbanded on the St. John river 
 quite a number were excluded from the royal bounty of provisions as not 
 being settled upon their lands. Of the men, about 200 were struck off the 
 
244 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 list for this cause, and a lesser percentage of the women. There was, as 
 might naturally have been expected, a small increase in the number of 
 children under ten. The muster master, however, made his chief saving 
 to government by striking off the roll a large number of servants, many 
 of whom he declares were only "nominal.” Those for example in the 1st 
 Batt. New Jersey Volunteers were reduced from 35 to 9; in the 2nd Batt. 
 of same corps from 36 to 14; in the 1st Batt. DeLancey‘s Brigade, from 37 
 to 15; in the Loyal American Regiment, from 46 to 8. 
 
 Return of the total numbers of Men, Women and Children of the Dis¬ 
 banded Corps and Loyalists mustered on the River St. John who have 
 received Certificates for the Royal Bounty of Provisions: 
 
 Corps. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Women. 
 
 Children 
 
 over ten. 
 
 Children 
 
 under ten. 
 
 Servants. 
 
 Total. 
 
 New York Volunteers. 
 
 ... 73 
 
 18 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 134 
 
 North Carolina Do. 
 
 ... 17 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 25 
 
 Loyal Americans. 
 
 .. 95 
 
 39 
 
 45 
 
 32 
 
 8 
 
 219 
 
 American Legion.. 
 
 . .. 57 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 108 
 
 Queens Rangers. 
 
 ... 210 
 
 64 
 
 22 
 
 42 
 
 23 
 
 361 
 
 Pennsylvania Loyalists. 
 
 . .. 36 
 
 14 
 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 63 
 
 Maryland Loyalists. 
 
 .. 43 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 52 
 
 Guides and Pioneers.. 
 
 . .. 93 
 
 31 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 176 
 
 1st Batt. New Jersey Vols. .. 
 
 ... 158 
 
 57 
 
 57 
 
 39 
 
 9 
 
 320 
 
 2nd Do. Do. .. .. 
 
 .. .. 132 
 
 45 
 
 44 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 273 
 
 3rd Do. Do. .. .. 
 
 .. .. 173 
 
 64 
 
 47 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 332 
 
 Prince of Wales’s. 
 
 .. 152 
 
 39 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 33 
 
 261 
 
 Garrison Battalion. 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 Fencible Americans. 
 
 ... 45 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 0 
 
 103 
 
 Kings Amer. Dragoons. 
 
 .. 143 
 
 39 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 231 
 
 1st Batt. De Lancey’s. 
 
 .. 108 
 
 32 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 194 
 
 2d Batt. De Lancey’s. 
 
 .. 107 
 
 32 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 15 
 
 198 
 
 Kings Amer. Regt. 
 
 144 
 
 35 
 
 68 
 
 28 
 
 18 
 
 293 
 
 Kings Orange Rangers. 
 
 .. 59 
 
 14 
 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 85 
 
 So. Car. Royalists. 
 
 .. 19 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 Loyal New Englanders. 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 18 
 
 British Regiments. 
 
 .. 199 
 
 48 
 
 17 
 
 43 
 
 0 
 
 307 
 
 Loyal Refugees. 
 
 ..1966 1028 1159 
 
 949 
 
 248 5350 
 
 Black Companies. 
 
 .. 89 
 
 58 
 
 9 
 
 26 
 
 0 
 
 182 
 
 Total. 
 
 ..4131 1719 1630 1438 
 
 441 9359 
 
 Fort Howe Sept 25, 1784. 
 
 Thomas Knox, D’y Commissary of Musters. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 245 
 
 Return of the Total number of Men, Women and Children drawn for 
 by the Provincial Corps previous to the Muster: 
 
 Corps. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Women 
 
 Children 
 
 over ten. 
 
 Children 
 
 under ten. 
 
 Servants. 
 
 1 Total. 
 
 Queens Bangers. 
 
 . .. 222 
 
 66 
 
 21 
 
 41 
 
 47 
 
 397 
 
 1st Batt’n N. J. Vols. 
 
 . .. 171 
 
 61 
 
 63 
 
 41 
 
 35 
 
 371 
 
 2d Do. . 
 
 . ..135 
 
 49 
 
 55 
 
 23 
 
 36 
 
 298 
 
 3d Do. . 
 
 . .. 101 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 189 
 
 1st B’n of De Lanceys. 
 
 . .. 127 
 
 32 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 37 
 
 243 
 
 2d Do. . 
 
 . .. 121 
 
 34 
 
 29 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 
 215 
 
 Loyal Americans. 
 
 . .. 108 
 
 46 
 
 49 
 
 40 
 
 46 
 
 289 
 
 Fencible Americans. 
 
 . .. 116 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 51 
 
 19 
 
 239 
 
 Kings Am’n Dragoons. 
 
 . .. 194 
 
 43 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 32 
 
 316 
 
 Kings Amer. Reg’t. 
 
 . ..153 
 
 47 
 
 79 
 
 22 
 
 44 
 
 345 
 
 Kings Orange Rangers. 
 
 . .. 93 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 
 132 
 
 Prince of Wales Amer Regt. . 
 
 . .. 157 
 
 65 
 
 54 
 
 23 
 
 56 
 
 355 
 
 N. York Volunteers & So. 
 
 Car. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Royalists. 
 
 . .. 110 
 
 30 
 
 34 
 
 11 
 
 32 
 
 217 
 
 Guides & Pioneers. 
 
 . .. 106 
 
 29 
 
 25 
 
 23 
 
 21 
 
 204 
 
 American Legion. 
 
 . .. 60 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 112 
 
 Pennsylvania Loyalists. 
 
 . .. 38 
 
 13 
 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 73 
 
 Maryland Loyalists. 
 
 . .. 47 
 
 6 
 
 *2 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 72 
 
 Total. 
 
 ... .2059 
 
 624 
 
 526 
 
 385 
 
 473 4067 
 
 Knox’s muster .... 
 
 ....1847 
 
 575 
 
 436 
 
 418 
 
 187 3463 
 
 Edward Winslow to Brig. Gen. Fox. 
 
 Halifax 5th November, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I avail myself of the earliest opportunity to acknowledge 
 the receipt of your letters by Mr. Chipman. Before his arrival we had 
 heard of your determination to decline the Government of New Bruns¬ 
 wick and I had anticipated the reasons (in my own mind) and reconciled 
 myself to the event. The arrangements made for that country are so 
 perfectly judicious, and the public officers appointed there are men of 
 such unblemished integrity and capital abilities that it cannot fail of 
 becoming the envy of the neighboring states;, and the consideration com¬ 
 pensates me for any personal disappointment which I may have experi¬ 
 enced. 
 
 I shall refer you to my friends Judge Ludlow, Mr. Odell, &c, for the 
 particulars of my own conduct — to them I appeal with confidence, and 
 I flatter myself that they will do me the justice to acknowledge that I 
 have persevered with unremitted industry & disinterested zeal. 
 
246 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Your friendly answer to the illiberal insinuations in the extraordinary 
 letter addressed to you [by Gov. Parr] has excited the most grateful 
 sensations. I will not make use of any harsh expressions on the occasion; 
 I only regret that a man in an exalted station could descend to such in¬ 
 decent and unjust suggestions. The polite attention which has been 
 shewn me by Gov’r Carleton convinces me that no disagreeable impressions 
 have been made on his mind. He has suggested a wish that I would 
 attend at the opening of the Council at Hew Brunswick, and I have (with 
 unfeigned alacrity) consented. Chipman, Hailes & myself will set off as 
 soon as the St. Lawrence sails—My sister takes passage by her. 
 
 I suppose General Haldimand has ere this arrived in England — pos¬ 
 sibly that may forward the arrangement as at first proposed. Should Col. 
 Carleton be removed to Canada I presume (from various circumstances) 
 Mr. Odell will go with him, and in that case I hope for your friendly 
 exertions to obtain the secretaryship for me. • I will still indulge myself 
 in the pleasing expectation of seeing you in this country. I will not 
 pretend to advise on a subject of so much importance. Allow me to offer 
 the most cordial and grateful acknowledgements for the repeated instances 
 of friendship & attention which I have experienced from you, and to assure 
 you that I am most devotedly & faithfully 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 [P. S.] I have delivered the Roan to Governor Carleton. If he does 
 not incline to take him across the Bay I will keep'him at Granville. He 
 is in elegant order. 
 
 The Hon’ble Col. Fox, 38th Reg’t. 
 
 London. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Brook Watson. 
 
 Halifax, 5th Hov’r, 1784. 
 
 Permit me once more, my dear Sir, to offer my most grateful 
 acknowledgements for the uncommon attention and friendly assistance 
 which you have afforded to my late father’s unfortunate family. In pur¬ 
 suance of your advice my sister Sally will embark in the St. Lawrence and 
 will take such proofs, documents, &c, as you have recommended. By her 
 I shall write fully. 
 
 You are right sir, with respect to the arrangements at Hew Bruns¬ 
 wick. I affirm (without any affectation of disinterestedness) that they are 
 perfectly satisfactory to me, and I flatter myself that the gentlemen who 
 have lately arrived here are satisfied that my zeal & exertions have not 
 abated in consequence of my failing to obtain what I acknowledge was 
 the first wish of my heart. On the contrary I have persevered in endea- 
 
1784 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEKS. 
 
 247 
 
 vors to collect every species of useful information relative to the country 
 and have frankly communicated it to Mr. Odell & my other friends. I am 
 now preparing, at the request of Gov’r Carleton, to set off for New Bruns¬ 
 wick that I may he present at the first attempt to organize the Government. 
 In this important work I shall exert every talent I possess, and I shall he 
 fully compensated if my conduct shall meet your approbation. 
 
 I have taken deliberate & I hope effectual measures to attain such 
 authenticated accounts as you require in your letter. As soon as I can 
 collect /em they shall be forwarded. At any rate they shall be sent in 
 season to be made use of in the important business which you with such 
 patriotism and zeal have engaged in, and on the result of which (in my 
 idea) depends the fate of this country. The sudden departure of the 
 Bonetta prevents my enlarging. 
 
 I have taken the liberty of inclosing a General Return which I have 
 collected with some pains. By my sister I shall forward my remarks & 
 a number of other papers. 
 
 Allow me to subscribe myself 
 
 Your most obliged & obedient 
 
 Friend & Serv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Brook Watson, Esq., M. P. 
 
 London. 
 
 Lieut. John Robinson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Granville, Nov’r 6th, 1784. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—After many disappointments we have at length got 
 the chimney altered. We should not have been able to effect it, if Capt’n 
 Parker had not lent us a mason at Major Thompson’s request. We hope 
 to have everything done before your arrival here which we expect will be 
 in a week at farthest. * * * 
 
 All the family are well. I am Dear Col. 
 
 Most sincerely yours, 
 
 John Robinson. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Brook Watson. 
 
 Halifax, 12th November, 1784. 
 
 Sir,—In my last by the Bonetta I enclosed a General Return of Dis¬ 
 banded officers & soldiers & other Loyalists who have lately become settlers 
 in the province of Nova Scotia & New Brunswick and who are entitled to 
 the Royal Bounty of Provisions. I now inclose a Duplicate of that Return 
 and a number of original letters from the muster-masters of the different 
 Districts. 
 
248 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Before I proceed to any particular remarks it will be necessary for 
 me to communicate certain facts respecting the progress of this country, 
 and I am gratify’d that your obliging letter has given me a fair oppor¬ 
 tunity of endeavoring to convince you that my conduct has been regulated 
 by principles of honour & zeal for the public service. 
 
 Among my various duties none has been productive of more per¬ 
 plexity to me than the establishment of a system for the proper 
 distribution of the Eoyal Bounty of provisions to Loyalists, &c. Every 
 man who arrived in this country called himself a Loyalist and presumed 
 that he was entitled to the Rations of provisions for himself & his family, 
 and they applied for orders without an idea that any scrutiny could 
 possibly be made either into their circumstances or character, or supposing 
 any conditions required on their part. 
 
 General Fox, whose decrees were dictated by justice in every instance, 
 considered that it could not be his Majesty’s intention to extend his 
 favors to the wealthy or to the vicious & indolent. He therefore 
 peremptorily decided against issuing provisions to persons of those descrip¬ 
 tions. When General Campbell succeeded to the command he pursued 
 the same idea and instituted a Board for examining the claims of persons 
 applying for the Royal Bounty. The order for their appointment with 
 their Instructions is No. 1 of the inclosed papers. By the exertions of 
 this Board many abuses were corrected and all the idle vagrants, who had 
 been loitering about the streets of the metropolis & were daily committing 
 irregularities, were by being precluded from the bounty of provisions 
 forced to take possession of their lands, & on producing certificates of their 
 being actual settlers they were restored to the enjoyment of their rations. 
 
 No. 2 is Instructions to a second Board with some improvements on the 
 plan. At this Board I volunteered as a member. A few days experience 
 convinced me of the necessity of extreme caution in the discharge of this 
 duty. I feared that a rage for reformation might lead us to harsh and 
 unequitable decisions, and I saw that we were deceived by false & erroneous 
 returns from the distant settlements. In this dilemma I suggested the 
 method of parcelling out the province into districts and appointing 
 persons of activity & judgment to muster all the men, women & children 
 who had actually become settlers. I considered that, exclusive of the 
 object of detecting abuses, they would make discoveries s uffi ciently im¬ 
 portant to Government to reeompence for the small expense incurred by 
 the appointments. That they would find out the precise number and 
 disposition of settlers & their present situations, and as no steps were taken 
 by the civil authority to ascertain these facts I thought it doubly incum¬ 
 bent on the General. The Returns of the several muster-masters are I 
 believe as accurate as possible & altho’ the observations contained in their 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 249 
 
 letters may not be very important, still they may afford some information. 
 By these papers yon will see, Sir, that I have endeavored as far as possible 
 to make the Bounty of Government subservient to the purposes of assisting 
 the civil magistrates — encouraging industry, and contributing to the 
 settlement of the country. * * I communicate these details 
 
 from the same principle that I have related every other transaction of 
 importance since I had the pleasure of knowing you — simply to 
 give you proofs that I am honestly devoted to the service of my country 
 & have thereby some claim to its protection & favor. 
 
 The Muster-masters invariably take notice of the extraordinary delays 
 in making the grants to the new settlers. To investigate the causes of 
 those delays would be an invidious & unpleasant task, but the consequences 
 are serious. Had the lands been laid out immediately on the arrival of 
 the settlers (and this was certainly practicable) fifteen of the thirty thou¬ 
 sand people who are now receiving rations of provisions would [The 
 remainder of this valuable letter unfortunately is wanting; four leaves 
 having been torn out of Winslow’s letter book at this point.] 
 
 Leave of Absence & Instructions to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Head Q’rs. Halifax, 13th Nov’r, 1784. 
 
 Sir,— His Excellency Colonel Thomas Carleton having represented 
 to me that your attendance at the opening of His Majesty’s Council at 
 New Brunswick, of which you are a Member, will be very beneficial for 
 the service, and being desirous to do everything in my power which may 
 promote the good of that Province, I do hereby grant you leave of absence 
 for that purpose and you will return to this place as soon as the nature 
 of your duty will permit you. And I am to request that during your 
 absence you would endeavor precisely to ascertain the extent and limits 
 of such lands as have been originally reserved for the crown, or have 
 been purchased from the inhabitants by Government for publick uses at 
 the different outposts which you may have occasion to pass through, and 
 if on enquiry you find that any encroachments have been made on such 
 lands, or that the rights of the crown have in any instance been evaded, 
 you will report the same to me. 
 
 You will also enquire into the nature of the expenditure of the 
 different departments at the several outposts, and if you perceive that any 
 unnecessary expences are incurred, or any irregularities committed, you 
 will make me acquainted therewith. And you will from time to time 
 report to me such circumstances as you may think worthy of communi¬ 
 cation. 
 
 You will act as a member of the Provision Boards established at the 
 several places, and you will suggest such methods of reform as you shall 
 
250 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEKS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 ihink expedient for the good of his Majesty’s service. And you will also 
 endeavor to obtain from His Excellency Governor Carleton a grant of 
 land for the proprietors of the land occupied by Government at Fort Howe, 
 conformable to the agreement entered into with them when I was at St. 
 J ohns. 
 
 Given under my Hand at Halifax this 13th of Nov’r, 1784. 
 
 John Campbell, 
 
 —- M. Gen’l. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Benjamin Marston. 
 
 Mount Necessity* 24th Nov’r, 1784. 
 
 Dear Marston.— After thumping, swimming, wallowing & tumbling 
 for four days, I landed at my home on Saturday evening, & was amply 
 recompensed for all my fatigues & perils by finding my wife & little ones 
 in perfect health. 
 
 A touch of the Gout has confined me to my room ever since, but I 
 am now recovering & expect to embark the last of this week for New 
 Brunswick. If Sproulet is arrived there I will settle your matters with 
 him — If not, with my friend Odell — at any rate I am sure of succeed¬ 
 ing. I would however advise to another application to Gov’r Wentworth 
 & know decisively what his intentions are. When you have concluded on 
 your measures you will give me notice. Interested in everything which 
 concerns you, I shall feel anxious until I know your final determination.f 
 I shall, get your letters safe if forwarded by Express-Men. 
 
 I hope before I return to be possess’d of such materials as will enable 
 me to answer Mr. Watson’s letter to his satisfaction. I have made some 
 progress on this tour. Give a spur once in a while to Byles — make him 
 exert himself. 
 
 The Man waits. Adieu, 
 
 Most cordially & affectionately Yours, 
 
 - Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Mount Necessity, Nov’r. 27, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—The excessive fatigues of our journey have produced so 
 severe a fit of the Gout that both Chip and myself are now confined to our 
 rooms. We however hope to embark for New Brunswick in a few days. 
 
 *Edward Winslow’s residence in Granville, N. S. 
 
 fGeorge Sproul of Long Island, N. Y., settled in New Brunswick and became 
 surveyor general and a member of the council of the province. He was a most 
 efficient official and an estimable man. He died in Fredericton in 1817, aged 76 
 years. 
 
 JThat is his plans for the future. Marston had fallen out with the governor 
 of Nova Scotia and had been dismissed from his position as chief surveyor at 
 Shelburne. He had many friends, who believed him to have been unfairly 
 treated. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 251 
 
 Hailes has forwarded to Mr. Taylor a St. John’s Gazette wherein is con¬ 
 tained the address* to Gov. Carleton, his answer, and the proclamation. 
 They will of course he published in the Halifax papers. The language 
 of the address I suppose will give offence to the great men of Nova Scotia, 
 but having a predilection for plain English I am glad to see it on this 
 occasion. The proclamation seems to be cautious and calculated to pre¬ 
 vent any altercation respecting the principles of decision which the Judges 
 may adopt previous to the completion of the Legislative body. I shall, 
 as opportunities offer, give you information of such events as I think 
 important. 
 
 In my tour through the peninsula I have been astonished at observing 
 the improvements lately made; the number of houses built, and above all 
 the increase of Saw mills — no less than nine have been erected within 
 a few months in the neighborhood of Annapolis, including three at St. 
 Mary’s Bay; preparations are making to set up other mills on almost every 
 stream that runs into the great Bason of Annapolis; a remarkable one is 
 just set a going by a Mr. Thorne from Long Island and now saws night 
 and day at Broad Cove on the Granville side, and I am told it is surrounded 
 with a fund of timber that cannot be exhausted for many years and so 
 contiguous to the Cove that the lumber is put afloat in it with the utmost 
 facility. These exertions, which extend to the other side of the Bay, afford 
 a fair proof that our favorite position will be established and that 
 large quantities of lumber will be immediately ready for export¬ 
 ation. The operations of the new comers have excited something that 
 resembles emulation in the languid wretches who formerly inhabited the 
 country. Shame has produced a degree of industry that never was dis¬ 
 covered before. The neighbors of a Mr. Willet and Mr. Davids have 
 put up fences, and those who live near Mr. James and Mr. McKown have 
 cut down several trees, one man has actually begun to erect a dyke and 
 I have no doubt that in a few years, after they have been eye witnesses 
 of the advantages, they will build chimnies to their houses and barns for 
 their cattle. * * * 
 
 I am, dear Sir, 
 
 Your obed’t & devoted Friend & Serv’t, 
 __ Ed. Winslow. 
 
 *See Murdoch’s History of Nova Scotia, Vol. III., p. 38. The address con¬ 
 tained pointed references to the grievances of the Loyalists and to their treat¬ 
 ment by Governor Parr and his council. They designate themselves as “a 
 number of oppressed and insulted Loyalists,” say that they were formerly 
 freemen, and again hope to be so under his auspices. They congratulate Gover¬ 
 nor Carleton on his “safe arrival to this new world, to check the arrogancy of 
 “ tyranny, crush the growth of injustice, and establish such wholesome laws 
 “ as are and ever have been the basis of our glorious constitution.” The address 
 refers to the services of Col. Carleton as “commander of the 29th regiment in 
 the late rebellion,” and speaks of him as “the brother of our illustrious friend 
 and patron, Sir Guy Carleton.” The new governor replied to the address in 
 modest and in moderate terms. 
 
252 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, November 28th, 1784. 
 
 Dear Chippy — for I chnse to begin the correspondence with all 
 possible affection for a reason that I shall give yon before I rise from my 
 chair — but first of all my wishes are that yon have safely crossed the Bay 
 of Fundy, that you have recovered the agitation & Gloom that must have 
 attended you with the Idea of a lasting abode in the new World of Trees 
 & Stumps,& that this scrip will find you in health and spirits. The Taylors 
 & Haliburtons are so good as never to leave me alone, one or the other 
 constantly grace our fire side. We talk much of the [New] Bruns- 
 wickers — a sigh is sometimes wafted that flatters you not a little. The 
 dancing Partys are kept up with great — Violence, I had like to have said, 
 but Spirit is a better word. Miss Duncan gives a Ball on Monday evening. 
 Miss Brenton on Friday, both of which I shall give you and Mr. Hailes an 
 account of as soon as I receive it from my faithful aide Camps. The 
 last Assembly was amazingly brilliant, the Ladies Dress superb beyond 
 what the New Englanders had seen before. Mrs. Wentworth stood first 
 in fashion & magnificence. Her Gown & Petticoat of sylvan tissue 
 trimmed with Italian Flowers & the finest blond Lace, a train of four 
 yards long, her hair and wrist ornamented with real Diamonds. Miss 
 Duncan was elegant in a fawn coloured satin covered with crepe, black 
 velvet waiste, pearl sprigs in her hair, no feathers or flowers. She was 
 much admired as was Kitty Taylor in unadorned White. Miss Parr looked 
 
 vastly well in cream coloured satin with sable fur. Lady D- & Miss 
 
 Bayley figured in a profusion of waveing Plumes & flowers — the latter 
 exhibited in a minuet a little in the waping style, to use the language of 
 the Brigade Major: Capt. Dalrymple had the honor of her hand but swears 
 he will never be caught in another such scrape. The evening was 
 altogether approved of. The Room is new papered & new lamped. Mr. 
 Taylor distinguished himself as an excellent manager. There is a Town 
 assembly began last Thursday, no Navy or Army admitted, Messrs Uniacke 
 and Dight managers. It is said to be in opposition to the other Party. 
 
 Mr Townsend & Will Coffin are not yet arrived. We have expected 
 them every hour the last week, now begin to wonder. Judge Brenton 
 tells me Mr. Townsend had engaged the cabin of a brig for himself & 
 Lady. I do not mean to alarm you my good friend, but this is the report. 
 It is certain he has seen Jannett, as Mr. G. Spooner, who left Boston a 
 few days ago, informs us. (Mr. Spooner has come to explore the 
 country. I have advised him to go immediately to Brunswick, take a 
 house in the neighborhood of you & Col. Winslow — the charming 
 Loquacity of him and his Wife would prevent time hanging heavy). But 
 Chippy suppose Mr. Townsend should be accompany’d by the fair Janett 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 253 
 
 or the still fairer Miss Moore, of what consequence can it be to you if the 
 intelligence I received yesterday he true. It must be immaterial who you 
 Welcome as Mrs. Townsend. The story’s so interesting to us both that 
 I am in haste to tell you that our all important all knowing neighbour, 
 with intelligence & curiosity marked in every feature, attacked me without 
 any preface —“& pray Miss Winslow, how happens it that you are going 
 to steal a march upon all your friends & acquaintance & not trust us with 
 your confidence ?” “ Me ! Madam, I must confess I have not any such 
 
 design.” “ Come, come, don’t deny what I know to be a truth that you 
 are soon to be married to Mr. T[aylo]r, & it is as certain that Miss Kitty 
 [Taylor] is to have Mr. Chipman, the Solicitor General of New Brunswick 
 & that Mr. Chipman is to be at Halifax early in the Spring & take his 
 fair Partner to St. Johns.” 
 
 This positive assertion & the idea of being your “Mama” struck me 
 so forcibly that for my Life I could not forbear laughing heartily —which 
 was confirmation of her opinion strong as proof of Holy Writ. I have 
 since in Vain attempted to undeceive the good Lady. 
 
 Now Chippy this near & dear connection of ours (that is to be) intitles 
 me to the pleasure of hearing from you as often as is in your power. Con¬ 
 sider “my Child” how interesting every event of your life is to me & 
 believe me that I am now anxious for a line from some one of the Trio*— 
 The Colonel & Mr. Hailes have a share in my concern. 
 
 Adieu, rest assured that I am, with every friendly sentiment and 
 “Parental affection,” 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 If this should reach you near Coffin’s Manor, offer my love to the 
 Major & his Anna — tell them I intend to make a good neighbour to them 
 when I get to their Dominions on my estate at Elm Grove — or whatever 
 name you incline to christen it. 
 
 Winslow’s Commission as Surrogate f 
 
 By His Excellency Thomas Carleton &c., &e.. 
 
 To Edward Winslow,—Greeting. 
 
 Reposing especial trust and confidence in your loyalty, learning and 
 integrity, I have assigned, constituted and appointed, and do by these 
 presents assign, constitute, and appoint you the said Edward Winslow to 
 be Surrogate of and in th e Province of New Brunswick hereby delegating 
 
 ♦The trio were Ward Chipman, Colonel Winslow and Harris W. Hailes 
 Chipman and Hailes were domiciled together, and Winslow staid with them 
 when in St. John. 
 
 fThis office is not now in existence; in lieu thereof there is in each county 
 a judge of probate. 
 
254 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 and granting nnto you the said Edward Winslow full power and authority 
 to make probate of all last wills and testaments within the said province 
 and letters testamentary and probates of all such last wills and testaments 
 under the seal of your court to grant, and also to grant letters of admin¬ 
 istration of all estates within the Province aforesaid of persons dying 
 intestate, and to do all such acts and things as the surrogate of the said 
 Province may and of right ought to do. To have, hold, exercise and enjoy 
 the said office of surrogate of and in the Province of New Brunswick. in 
 the most full and ample manner to you the said Edward Winslow together 
 will all and singular the rights, profits, privileges and emoluments to 
 the said office belonging or in any wise appertaining for and during 
 pleasure and your residence in the said Province. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal at Parr-Town, this 29th November in 
 the 25th year of his Majesty’s reign and in the year of our Lord, 1784. 
 
 [Note.—One of Edward Winslow’s earliest appointments, that of 
 Magistrate in Massachusetts, is thus referred to in a note among the 
 Winslow papers :— 
 
 “ Mr. Brattle presents his compliments to Edward Winslow Jr, Esq; 
 “gives him joy with his appointment to the office of a Justice of the 
 “ Peace as on this day. 
 
 “Council Chamber, 
 
 “Wednesday, 29th Sept. 1773.”] 
 
 Mather Byles to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, Tuesday — [Nov. 30, 1784.] 
 
 I return you many thanks for your kind favour of November 24th, 
 which reached me on Sunday, and congratulate you on your safe arrival 
 at Mount Necessity. As your touch of the Gout is one of those obedient 
 attacks that only last while they are convenient, I don’t suppose it gives 
 you much pain or anxiety, though I think now you have a right of 
 exemption from all attacks for one year at least. It’s a hard case if one 
 month out of twelve won’t excuse you. * * * 
 
 Previous to the receipt of your letter I had wrote Lieut. Charles 
 Stewart* and Lieut. Fraser, inclosing copies of the extract from Brook 
 Watson, and. requesting every information in their power, and I shall 
 continue to bore them once a month at least, till I receive their returns. 
 I enclose you one from Captain Legget,f at Country Harbour which is the 
 first that has been received; and shall regularly embrace every opportunity 
 of gaining intelligence from the different settlements. Mr. Brittain is 
 making his report of the settlements about Chester and says it will be 
 
 *Lieut. Charles Stewart of the Loyal N. S. Volunteers, 
 f Captain John Legget of the Koyal North Carolina Regiment. 
 
17841 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 255 
 
 ready in the course of this month. Mr. Marston has wrote on the subject 
 to Shelburne and has given me leave to take up and open his answers when 
 they come. 
 
 I am extremely obliged by your kindly offers of service : In case 
 anything should turn up in my favour at New Brunswick, will you forgive 
 me if I venture^-to say a little on this subject ? The friendly manner in 
 which you have treated me, makes me regard you as a parent, and as such 
 I wish to explain to you my situation. 
 
 I have lately received letters from my father* he informs me he shall 
 be out here early in the spring. My mother being unwell, and the family 
 being unable to do without some person to provide for them and do a 
 thousand little things for which a man is constantly wanted, I should 
 prefer (if it could be done) to remain with them till he returns. The 
 principal pleasure which I promise myself at New Brunswick is to be 
 with you, and render myself of service to you. If therefore you delay 
 settling at New Brunswick till the Spring and can then find an employ¬ 
 ment for me, it would suit me better than going there this winter. At 
 the same time my circumstances are such I must embrace the first eligible 
 opportunity of putting myself forward in life—• and God knows I have 
 no future prospects but through you and your friendship. Let me my 
 worthy friend in this as in every other instance, rely on your protection, 
 and commit the affair wholly to your management. I will abide by your 
 decision and am confident that you will act for me better than I could 
 for myself. * * * 
 
 I am pleased to find that the Commissary’s t abilities continue to 
 unfold themselves. His talents at composition are certainly very great. 
 But while I was at Granville he exhibited principally in the “Sublime”— 
 from your letter I should imagine he has added the “Beautiful” t and I 
 suppose his exertions in this new stile may be partly attributed to the 
 absence of Murray, as he must find less difficulty in obtaining from Mama 
 his allowance of smoked beef at breakfast which was often the occasion 
 of one of his grum sallies. I hope that PoppylJ recovers her complexion as 
 the cold weather comes on, and that Pen is less leaky than formerly. 
 Tell them that Murray has arrived safe in the Downs, when the 
 Sally was spoke with by the Hermione, which arrived here last Saturday 
 
 *The Rev. Mather Byles, D. D., is meant. At this time he was in England, 
 but came out to Halifax soon afterwards and became chaplain of the garrison 
 until he was appointed rector of Trinity church, St. John. His biography is 
 given in G. Herbert Lee’s History of the Church of England in the Province 
 of New Brunswick. 
 
 fThe “Commissary” is Winslow’s son “Tom,” named after his father’s old 
 friend, Commissary Thomas Aston Coffin. 
 
 fReferring to Burke’s well known work on “The Sublime and the Beautiful.” 
 
 ||Edward Winslow’s daughter Mary, who afterwards married Edward W. 
 Miller and lived at Fredericton. 
 
256 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1784 
 
 after a passage of twenty five days. * * Mr. Harcourt arrived here 
 
 in the Hermione, he has brought ont the stone for yonr father’s tomb, 
 which when landed will be taken into custody by Mr. Taylor. Mr. Watson 
 is using all his influence to obtain for Mr. Brinley the appointment of 
 Commissary at this place, and it was supposed his application would he 
 successful. Who do you think was his rival ? Andrew Finucane ! * * 
 
 My father has had his final hearing before the Commissioners — they have 
 said many civil things to him, told him that his charges were reasonable, 
 that they were well supported, and that they had no further occasion for 
 his attendance. This was all perfectly handsome & he began to enquire 
 what compensation might he expected & when it was to he applied for. 
 But these arcana of the cabinet were not to he divulged & he is yet ignorant 
 what will he the result. He begs me to repeat to you his assurances of 
 gratitude for the kindly attention you have paid to his family during his 
 absence. * * * 
 
 Dr. Calef,* who came passenger in the Hermione, says, that the Board 
 for examining the claims of the Loyalists will get through their business 
 by the next meeting of Parliament in January and it will then be ascer¬ 
 tained what compensation they are to receive for their losses. 
 
 The Governor has received a letter from Gov’r Hancock, communi¬ 
 cating a resolve of Congress that it appears from surveys which have been 
 taken that the Eastern-most river in the Bay of Passamaquoddy is the 
 true River St. Croix alluded to in the treaty of Peace, & requesting that 
 he would order those persons who have encroached on the territory of the 
 States to retire peaceably within the limits of the Province. This letter 
 has been communicated to the General and I suppose will occasion a fresh 
 requisition for troops, though it is not now in his Excellency’s district, 
 so I suppose the matter will he settled on your side the Bay. 
 
 Monday, December 6th, 1784. 
 
 Mr. Marston has just given me a return which he received from 
 Barrington and I enclose a copy of it. The original I will keep here for 
 fear of accidents. Mr. Marston goes in the morning and will take charge 
 of this. The Board of Accounts have put off their final decision respect¬ 
 ing the Departments to this day owing to some difficulties they have met 
 with from Mr. Brinley. 
 
 ♦Doctor John Calef, formerly of Ipswich, Mass., was an active Loyalist. His 
 wife was a daughter of the Rev. Jedediah Jewett of Rowley, Mass. Dr. Calef 
 was one of the pall-bearers at Whitefield’s funeral. He was a surgeon with the 
 royal forces at the capture of Penobscot, and he has left us a graphic account 
 of the siege of Penobscot by the Americans. (See Article li., St. Croix Courier 
 Historical Series.) He was sent to England by the Penobscot Associated 
 Loyalists to urge the fixing of the boundary between the British provinces and 
 the United States at the River Penobscot. He was afterwards surgeon of the 
 garrison at St. John. He will be frequently referred to in the papers that 
 follow. He died at St. Andrews in 1812, at the age of 87 years. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 257 
 
 Captain White* has just returned from Chedabucto and has collected 
 materials for you which he will get ready for me in a day or two. Mr. 
 Shaw is also hard at work and thinks that he shall do the business very 
 compleatly and will write you himself when his returns are ready, inter¬ 
 spersing a variety of curious and interesting observations respecting the 
 privilege given the Americans to fish on the coast. 
 
 Your good mother is very well and sends her love. Sister Penny has 
 a had cold which occasions a slight fever. She is now recovering hut will 
 not he able to write by this conveyance. Miss Millar waits for the 
 ceremony of a first letter. Billy Coffin has accepted the office of Superin¬ 
 tendent General of the family in the absence of Mr. Marston. All your 
 circle of female acquaintances are well except Fattelinda who has been 
 confined by a bilious disorder but is recovering. Colonel Goold is fighting 
 hard with the Gout which hangs about his stomach and may probably he 
 too much for him. Sophy and the old lady are well. Major Upham’s 
 disorder has terminated in his favor and he is now recovering fast. Major 
 Murray ’tis said has sailed directly for N. B. in a vessel which sailed about 
 the same time with the Hermione. * * * 
 
 [Remainder of letter missing. Col. Arthur Goold, secretary of the 
 Province of Nova Scotia, mentioned just above, died at Halifax, Feb. 29, 
 1792, at the age of 64 years.] 
 
 Thomas Aston Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 2 Dec’r, 1784. 
 
 My dear Ned,— I wrote you per the Adamant acknowledging the 
 receipt of your letter of September 2d p. the Brothers, & announced to 
 you the safe arrival of your Boy.t He stayed a week or ten days at 
 Geyers and after rigging him out with a new suit of cloaths, with hat, 
 stockings, &c., compleat, he went to school last Thursday, and tho’ going 
 among perfect strangers behaved very manfully. He is placed at Ches- 
 hurst where Geyer’s son Frederic was and his son Tom now is. Inclosed 
 are the terms of the school — the Master however consented to take him 
 at 20 Guineas p. annum instead of £25. The Christmas holidays will soon 
 begin when he will return to Mr. Geyers, where he receives every sort of 
 attention and care — the more I think of it, the more I am convinced 
 
 ♦Gideon White, as already stated in these notes, had lands at Chedebucto, 
 where his old corps had settled. Col. Winslow at this time was engaged in 
 collecting information through his friends respecting the condition and resources 
 of Nova Scotia. He embodied this information in his own admirable fashion 
 in a report which he transmitted to Brook Watson for that gentleman’s infor¬ 
 mation. Brook Watson was considered, by reason of his great interest in the 
 Loyalists and his position and ability, to be their best champion in England. 
 See Brook Watson’s letters to Edward Winslow under date 6th March, 1785, 
 and 26th August, 1785. 
 
 fMurray Winslow, sent to school in England. 
 
259 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 F1784 
 
 of the Propriety of sending him here for Education.. The expence will 
 be well bestowed, nor will it he very great in addition to the price of 
 schooling. His cloaths and other incidents will not amount to much. 
 I don’t wonder at Polly’s being distressed at parting with him, but she 
 will in the end be thankful for it, as the want of the advantages resulting 
 from it we have every reason to believe could never be compensated. 
 
 Your friend Doct. Jeffries a few days ago made an aerial Excursion 
 with Mons’r Blanchard in a baloon*. They ascended amidst a vast con¬ 
 course of people and received their applause. I wish you had been present 
 you would have enjoyed it much. The next Vessel from Halifax must 
 inform us of the St. Lawrence’s arrival. I am very impatient for letters 
 after Chip and all of you have met. I know of nothing material to 
 acquaint you with and have only to offer my respects and best wishes 
 to the old Lady and Girls, to Polly and the Children. Adieu, God bless 
 you for ever & ever. T. A. C. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax 7th Dec’r, 1784. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I embrace the few minutes while Mr. Marston is 
 putting up his papers to say God bless you and yours. I have appointed 
 our friend to be my Deputy t in Yew Brunswick, and have wrote to Gov’r 
 Carleton recommending 1 him and Davidson. As it is my wish to expedite 
 the public business which depends on my office, and in the manner most 
 agreeable to Gov’r Carleton, I shall be much obliged in your advice and 
 any information to Mr. Marston that will aid us herein. I have the 
 fullest reliance on his discretion and shall trust much to his judgment. 
 I have given M. a pamphlet for you — it is severe enough. I hear from 
 London that my letter was handed about to many persons, and that 
 Fanning, you and I were opposing this Gov’t with a view to effect a change. 
 My answer is, that I have not any knowledge thereof — altho’ probably 
 such an event would be useful to prophet, priest and King. 
 
 The packet sailed today. Governor Desbarres is under way for Cape 
 Breton in the Fecility, C’pt Bouterich with him. We have no news. I 
 shall be much obliged if you will send me the public papers containing 
 any proclamations that are made, &c. Also the boundarys of Yew 
 
 *This incident is referred to in Sabine’s American Loyalists. He says that 
 John Jeffries crossed the British Channel in a balloon. This was then deemed 
 an extraordinary feat. 
 
 fThat is deputy surveyor of the King’s woods. The duties of his office 
 were largely to prevent the cutting of timber on the King’s reserves, also the 
 cutting of pine trees suitable for masts, both on granted and ungranted lands, 
 these being by Act of Parliament reserved for the royal navy. 
 
1784] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 259 
 
 Brunswic. I hear the Congress claims Magadavick — if they succeed they 
 will cut off one of our most important reservations particularly mentioned 
 in all my instructions, and reported by me. It is not improbable that 
 I may get over the Bay soon after this hut it is uncertain, so I don’t 
 declare for the route. 
 
 Pray make my regards to our good friend Mr. Hazen and his good 
 family — also to Hailes, Balfour, Lambton* &c. 
 
 Adieu my dear Sir, a merry Xmas to you and every happiness is the 
 cordial wish of your unfeigned friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 P. S. Mardonogh writes me late in October that Sproule will not 
 be able to embark until the Spring. Possibly Marston might be a good 
 person to assist him. 
 
 2 1-2 P. M. Since my letter was sealed I have received yours pr. Mr. 
 Wright. Many thanks & many wishes for your & Chip’s being again on 
 good footing. The Gout is a sad enemy to Travellers. Mrs. W. desires 
 her thanks. I shall not wonder to see her take a rove to New Brunswic. 
 The Gov’r, Council & Assembly give a Toast today, possibly the Men and 
 Measures of N. Brunswic may come into conversation — or tonight at 
 the Club, which is with me. I must dress for the business. 
 
 Adieu, Ever yours, J. W. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Granville, 26 Dec’r, 1784. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I had the pleasure of your letter by Marston. He was 
 so fortunate as to arrive safe before I left New Brunswick. I attended 
 him to the Governor’s, who expressed his satisfaction at the appointment 
 in very flattering terms and I left Marston comfortably settled in a mess 
 with Chipman and Hailes at the house t hired for me where the Com¬ 
 missary lived when we were at St. John’s. 
 
 I thank you for the pamphlet altho’ I must acknowledge that it is 
 the worst thing of the kind I ever saw. I am very sorry that a letter 
 which I was the innocent cause of procuring should (contrary to your 
 intention) have been so freely made use of — the other part of the London 
 
 ^Lieutenant W. Lambton, assistant engineer at Fort Howe. In company 
 with Benjamin Marston he explored the wilderness between Fredericton and 
 St. Andrews in 1785. Captain Wm. Balfour, whose name is mentioned here, 
 belonged to the 51st Regiment of Foot and was in command of the garrison at 
 Fort Howe. 
 
 f This was James Simonds’ house at Portland Point. It had been occupied 
 by Col. Winslow’s mother and sisters. James Simonds at this time lived on 
 the St. John river at Sheffield. He returned to his house at Portland Point 
 in 1787. 
 
260 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1784 
 
 intelligence gives me no pain. They may say what they please of me 
 so long as they continue me one of a Trio with yourself and Fanning. I 
 don’t like the expression “opposing the Government”—but “effecting a 
 change,” I have no objection to. I will give ’em a proof of my disinter¬ 
 estedness by persevering in my endeavors to produce that effect. A 
 contracted man who wished to serve only the province of New Brunswick 
 would exert all his talents to continue the present Governor of Nova Scotia 
 in his seat, because nothing would so effectually contribute to the settle¬ 
 ment of the rival province. But my patriotism is not confined to one side 
 of the Bay of Fundy; I wish well to the Province of Nova Scotia also. 
 
 With respect to the Boundaray of our Province nothing new has taken 
 place. Governor Carleton has no doubt that the river Scoodiac was the 
 intended boundary between us and the Massachusetts, and he proceeds 
 accordingly, regardless of an ambiguous epistle from Governor H[ancock] 
 forwarded by Governor Parr. Allen,* the drunken partizan, has thrown 
 out some threats that he will employ the Indians to remove the people 
 settled between Magadavick & Scoodiac, but Mr. Campbell, Bliss and other 
 discreet men lately from Passamaquoddy say they are under no appre¬ 
 hensions from him or his adherents. 
 
 The proposed plan of incorporating the new towns at the mouth of 
 the River and forming a City by the name of St. John has prevented a 
 serious representation from the people. The town on the east side was 
 christened (by Major Studholme and others) in consequence of a letter 
 from Gov. Parr to Major S. wherein he makes the request pointedly but 
 says, “That the idea originated in female vanity.” The rude inhabitants 
 of this new country have not yet acquired a sufficient degree of gallantry 
 to indulge that vanity any further, and they were evidently uneasy — they 
 are now satisfy’d. 
 
 Assure Mrs. Wentworth that the ladies of New Brunswick are 
 literally and absolutely in the enjoyment of a variety of rational amuse¬ 
 ments. That determined enemy to dancing, the Gout, prevented my 
 personal attendance at the assembly, but 1 have been assured it was plea¬ 
 sant and agreeable. The next will probably be more numerous. The 
 room is much superior to that at Halifax. 
 
 John Hancock and Samuel Adams. 
 
 {Note:—The reference to John Hancock, governor of Massachusetts 
 and first signer of the Declaration of Independence, which is found in 
 the foregoing letter, has recalled to the mind of the Editor of this book 
 
 *Colonel John Allan formerly lived at Cumberland, at the head of the Bay 
 of Fundy. See Kidder’s “Military Operations in Eastern Maine and Nova 
 Scotia during the Revolution.” There was little love between John Allan and 
 the Lovalists. 
 
178 4-] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 261 
 
 the severe strictures of Edward Winslow on Hancock and Adams, written 
 apparently at New York during the Revolution. The exact date is un¬ 
 certain, as no date is to he found in the original paper which, it may he 
 added, is a rough draft with interlineations and erasures. It was un¬ 
 doubtedly written at a time when the feelings of the contestants were 
 wrought up to the highest pitch of animosity and is quite characteristic 
 of the spirit which prevailed between the majority of the Whigs and Tories 
 of that period. The intelligent reader will, however, he able to judiciously 
 balance the strictures of either party in the contest, and, in view of the 
 fact that the panegyrists of John Hancock and Samuel Adams are num¬ 
 bered by the score, it would seem but fair that in this instance the good 
 old motto should prevail, “Audi alteram partem.” Winslow’s strictures 
 follow. 
 
 At a period so critical as the present, even anecdotes of individuals 
 who have figured on either side become important, and the man whose 
 name is often mentioned is necessarily a subject of considerable inquiry : 
 What was his origin—his former situation—his general character ? etc., 
 etc., are questions that naturally occur. If the object be a member of 
 the American Congress, and we are told that previous to his exertions on 
 the side of rebellion he was a gentleman of probity and that he had sacri¬ 
 ficed property to principle, the most sanguine Loyalist, if his temper is in¬ 
 genuous feels himself in some degree interested for the fate of such a man. 
 
 These observations have arisen from reading the “Notes in the his¬ 
 tory of the present war in America.” The two men there characterized 
 are Sam. Adams and J. Hancock. 
 
 Samuel Adams is the son of an obscure malster in the town of Boston, 
 who by extraordinary exertion was enabled to educate his son at the college 
 at Cambridge in New England. Too indolent to pursue any of the learned 
 professions, he at the death of his father took possession of the tools and 
 became a malster. A propensity to dabble in the politics of the town 
 caused a neglect of business and he sank into extreme poverty. His natural 
 disposition to cabal increased with his distress and he was sure to be con¬ 
 cerned in every little attempt to stir strife in the neighborhood or sedition 
 in the parish. Deliberately cunning in his measures and specious in his 
 reasoning, covered also with an external sanctity, the ignorant vulgar 
 listened to him with some degree of attention. 
 
 A family suffering for want of the common necessaries of life was 
 the argument by which his friends obtained for him the employment of 
 examiner [?] of taxes for the town of Boston, the legal commission on 
 which amounted to about £ 60 . 
 
 Hitherto bis ambition had aimed at nothing higher than occasionally 
 disturbing the peace of the town in which he lived: an opportunity soon 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1780 
 
 after presented for exerting his talents on a larger scale. A man by the 
 name of Hancock had risen frcm a bookbinder to a merchant and had 
 by contracts, made in the last war with the King’s Commissaries, amassed 
 a fortune of £60,000 or £70,000 sterling. At his death he left the bulk 
 of his property to his nephew, the present John Hancock. In this state 
 of affluence—ignorant, awkward and unsuspicious, he fell into the hands 
 of Adams. Flattery was a novelty and pleased him. He began to suppose 
 himself of consequence: he was introduced to private committees, caucus 
 clubs and all the variety of meetings where mischievous men hatch and 
 nurse sedition. His cash was useful: he was reimbursed with honors—he 
 was appointed a Select man. Adams continued his political guardian, 
 made his speeches and furnished him with matter, etc. They were 
 inseparable companions till an unlucky event had nearly put an end to their 
 connection. 
 
 Very considerable sums collected by Adams had never been paid into 
 the treasury—the deficiency occasioned clamors and a process [of 
 execution]. It was reduced to a certainty that Adams had defrauded 
 the town and expended the money. What could be done ? Even Han¬ 
 cock detested the conduct; but all his secrets were deposited in the breast 
 of his friend; he might be betrayed—and he could not yet go alone in 
 politics. He therefore concluded to pay the deficiency and save as far 
 as possible the credit of the tax gatherer. 
 
 It would be unentertaining to trace these men thro’ all their wind¬ 
 ings to their present consequence. It will be sufficient to observe that 
 Hancock by scattering his money among a crowd of lazy politicians 
 acquired a temporary influence and obtained seats for himself and Adams 
 in the General Assembly of the Province [of Massachusetts.] Here they 
 distinguished themselves by a uniform opposition to government and by 
 most persevering exertions to increase the confusions of the country, until 
 this insignificant malster began to anticipate the establishment of an 
 Independency. They became members of the Continental Congress, their 
 conduct since is generally known. 
 
 I only mean to fix these few facts — in order to correct the mistakes 
 of the author of “Notes in the history of the War in Ainerica”—viz: that 
 Adams was low bred—poor—and a cheat—and that Hancock was his dupe. 
 
 -- [Ed. Winslow.] 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 12th January 1785. 
 
 My dear Sir,—* * * I am much obliged in your kindness to our 
 
 mutual friend Mr. Marston. He will do us both credit. The Governor 
 has not yet entered upon my letter, but I think must perceive my sincere; 
 disposition to co-operate with his views and add every honor and facility 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 to his administration that personal or official influence can afford. Little 
 as either or both are, they are equally honest and firm. 
 
 Our worthy friend Colonel Fanning is at the table with us. He was 
 Mrs. Wentworth’s* beau at the Assembly and staid with us last night. He 
 begs his regards to you. Wrote you a few days since. 
 
 Mrs. Wentworth longs to shake her shoes in Hew Brunswick — has 
 given me a thousand, I believe more, things to say upon your gouty foot, 
 dancing, &c., and sums all up by saying, “I wish we could have him here 
 or we be among them.” 
 
 I rejoice in your success at Hew Brunswick and so I shall heartily 
 in every addition to it. We have no news but are talking much that 
 your side of the Bay will want provisions. I hope not for many reasons 
 besides my affection to Hew Brunswick. If you do not suffer and com¬ 
 plain; envy, hatred and malice will feed on some breasts here, where it 
 evidently lodges. 
 
 My best regards attend you and your family. Many, many happy 
 Hew-Years to you and to them, is the continual prayer of, my dear Sir, 
 Your affect’e faithful friend 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 *Mrs. Wentworth was a remarkably clever woman, and the story of her 
 life is a very romantic one. Her maiden name was Frances Deering, and the 
 towns of Francestown and Deering in New Hampshire are named in her honor. 
 She was a Bostonian by birth, very accomplished and gay, and possessed of 
 great tact and ability. She was a cousin of Theodore Atkinson, jr., and also 
 of Sir John Wentworth. Her earliest attachment was for Wentworth, but while 
 he was absent in England she married Atkinson. The latter was secretary 
 of the province of New Hampshire and a member of the council. He died at 
 Portsmouth on Saturday, October 28, 1769, at the age of 33 years, and was 
 accorded a state funeral. Just two weeks later his young widow was married 
 in the same chapel, beneath which the first husband was buried, to Governor 
 John Wentworth. There was much gossip at Portsmouth about the three 
 cousins at the time, founded on the facts here related. The only son of Sir 
 John and Lady Wentworth was Charles Mary Wentworth, who was born at 
 Portsmouth in 1775. He succeeded his father as baronet. Lady Wentworth 
 went to England in 1798 and was presented at court, where she was greatly 
 admired by Queen Charlotte for her elegance and manners, and received the 
 appointment of a lady-in-waiting, with permission to reside abroad and receive 
 £500 a year salary. Lady Wentworth was a charming hostess. On the occasion 
 of a ball at Government House in Halifax, Dec. 1792, the Nova Scotia Gazette 
 contained a most elaborate description, which, although savoring of fulsome 
 adulation, was no doubt intended to express the hearty good will generally felt 
 for the governor and his good lady. The following extract is quoted:—“That 
 “ ease, elegance and superiority of manners, which must ever gain Mrs. Went- 
 “ worth the admiration of the whole community, and that hospitality which so 
 “ distinguish the character and conduct of our beloved and adored governor, 
 “ never shone with more lustre than on this occasion.” Edward Winslow was 
 always a prime favorite with Lady Wentworth as well as with Sir John. See 
 letter of Daniel Lyman under date April 7, 1800. 
 
264 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 Monson Hoyt to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Ann’s Point, January 12th, 1785. 
 
 Sir,—I did myself the honor to write you in October last, since which 
 1 have had frequent conversation with Major Armstrong on the subject 
 of Captn. Cook’s* land, but finding he argued the impropriety of locating 
 land iox persons not in America, and there being no Precedent for it, I 
 wrote him officially on the subject. * * * 
 
 The Major being hurried, on the receipt of my letter apologized for 
 not answering it then, the next day I saw him when he observed that he 
 was assured no grant could be obtained for land in the name of a person 
 in England; that on the arrival of Capt’n Cook he would be accommodated 
 and doubtless to his wish; that, as the new Governor had lately landed, 
 he had reason to suppose such regulations would shortly take place as 
 would enable him to determine on the matter, but that at present no 
 person knew better than you that Captain Cook could not be accomodated 
 with land. 
 
 Governor Carleton is expected at St. Ann’s in the course of the 
 winter, it is very probable I shall then be able to ascertain the propriety 
 of enforcing the matter and be assured nothing shall be wanting on the 
 part of, Sir, 
 
 Your most devoted humble Servant, 
 
 Monson Hoyt.f 
 
 Mather Byles Jr., to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Tuesday 25th January, 1785. 
 
 We have an abundance of distressful stories from Shelburne, Passa- 
 maquoddy, St. Mary’s Bay, &c, complaining of the shortness of provisions, 
 & the danger they are in of starving. Gov’r Carleton has informed the 
 General of his having purchased a quantity of flour at Passamaquoddy and 
 
 *Captain Thomas Ive Cook of the Queen’s Rangers Cavalry. 
 
 fMonson Hoyt was a lieutenant in the Prince of Wales’ American Regiment 
 in 1777, and quartermaster of the corps. He was the secretary and registrar 
 of the board of directors appointed for the laying out of a town at St. Anne’s 
 Point. The following is a sample of the location tickets or certificates issued 
 by the board:— 
 
 “ I hereby certify that Lieut. Zachariah Brown is the proprietor of Lot No. 
 “ 72 at St. Anne’s Point, by virtue of a general draft made on the 22nd day of 
 “ June last. 
 
 “ By desire of the directors. 
 
 “ (Signed) MONSON HOYT, Registrar. 
 
 “ St. Anne’s Point, August 25, 1784.” 
 
 Monson Hoyt afterwards removed to St. John, and engaged in business there 
 in partnership with the celebrated Benedict Arnold. They quarrelled, and Hoyt 
 publicly accused Arnold of burning his warehouse, whereupon he was sued ty 
 Arnold for defamation of character. In the trial that followed Ward Chipman 
 was counsel for Arnold and Elias Hardy for Hoyt. The jury awarded the 
 plaintiff 2 shillings and 6 pence damages. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 2-65 
 
 St. John’s for the supply of the Loyalists — however as the quantity was 
 small it didn’t cause much alarm in this quarter, and his Excellency is 
 informed that the money will he paid whenever applied for. A sloop 
 laded with flour from the Adamant sailed from this yesterday for St. 
 John’s, and another is to follow her in a few days. The proprietors of 
 St. Ann’s Point* have written an address of thanks to the General for his 
 attention to that place in establishing a post there, and building a maga¬ 
 zine. It is signed by Major Armstrong,! and a polite answer to it goes by 
 this express. 
 
 A circular letter has been wrote to the Commissaries at the different 
 outposts directing them to inspect the returns of the Muster Masters and 
 strike off all those who have died, left the settlements &c. since the muster 
 and to issue in future to such only as are actually on the spot. This is 
 all that has been done in the official way either important or unimportant 
 since I wrote last. 
 
 I inclose you Mr. Porter’s! report of the district from Halifax to 
 Shelburne, also this day’s paper, a letter from Mr. Coffin, & a letter from 
 Col. Eobinson. Your Hews Papers I shall forward by this conveyance. 
 Your sister doesn’t write as she is affronted with the whole set from Hew 
 Brunswick to Granville inclusive, and she thinks by not writing she is 
 silently pursuing a favourite maxim—Eeverence thy-self. It seems you 
 all owe her a letter. The family are well. Miss Miller has made her 
 appearance at the Assembly [dances]—cut out the whole circle of Belles— 
 has become a reigning toast and is allowed by your connoiseurs in beauty 
 to heat Miss Polly Prince all hollow. 
 
 Major Upham has had a return of his disorder and is now very low. 
 
 Mr. Brittain || tells me that your gout is still hanging about you. I 
 hope it does not carry on the attack so violently as to prevent your amusing 
 yourself with your sleigh, or sporting at the Annapolis Assemblies; indeed 
 I can’t help flattering myself that it is only a political touch which is 
 predestined to keep you at Granville till the Spring. Gordon pretends 
 
 *St. Anne’s Point had not yet received the name of Fredericton, nor had 
 it been fixed upon as the capital of the Province of New Brunswick, but it had 
 been laid out in lots for a town, and these lots had been granted. 
 
 •(•Major Richard Armstrong of the Queen’s Rangers is here referred to. He 
 entered the corps in August, 1776, as captain of the Grenadier company, and in 
 October 25, 1778, was promoted major. He was a distinguished officer during 
 the Revolutionary War. At the peace in 1783 he received a large grant of land 
 at the mouth of the Nacawick Stream, where he built a saw and grist mill. 
 Some years later he retired to Fredericton. He was advanced by successive 
 promotions to the rank of lieutenant general in the army. He died in 1817 and 
 was buried on his own property in Upper Queensbury. 
 
 JWilliam Porter was one of the commissaries appointed to muster the 
 Loyalists settled from Halifax to Shelburne. 
 
 || John Brittain, here referred to, was employed as clerk in the military offices 
 at Halifax. 
 
266 r WINSLOW PAPERS. [1785 
 
 to expect you soon; the General says not till March. Which do you think 
 is right ? 
 
 Tell Mrs. Winslow that Balloon hats are grown quite obsolete ancl 
 now no lady ventures to show her nose without it’s half covered by a 
 Lunardi* Bonnet, Bed powder for the hair, and a Lunardi Handkerchief 
 for the neck. 
 
 Extract from a letter wrote by Willm. Donaldson! to Thos. Newland, 
 Esquire, Merch’t in London, dated the 9th Feb’y, 1785, and sent pr. the 
 Medway, Capt’n Miller, for London; viz.— 
 
 “ Sir;—After the peace finding no good business to be done in the 
 States and a prospect of things being worse, besides having all my life¬ 
 time lived under a British Government I must confess I have not only 
 the strongest attachment to it but would wish to end my days under one. 
 These considerations, with some little business, induced me to visit this 
 Country when after exploring it almost thoroughly, I sat myself down at 
 the mouth of the Biver St. John, west side of the Bay of Fundy. You 
 will I hope pardon my saying a few words about this new Country. 
 
 The summers here I find exceedingly pleasant and healthy and the 
 winter by no means so cold as I expected it; it is more steady, and I think 
 not so cold as at Hew York. The Biver St. John’s, up which I have 
 been about 120 miles, is pretty well settled and since the arrival of our 
 new Governor, is settling fast. The lands are exceedingly rich and good 
 and the Biver is the noblest I have seen in America, and I have now 
 travelled in it almost from the extremes of the South to that of the North. 
 It is navigable for vessels of considerable burthen as far as St. Anns, about 
 90 miles up. St. Ann’s is an old cleared spot and is the most centrical 
 and beautiful situation for a town I ever beheld. About it and near it 
 on both sides the Biver is the land allotted for the Officers and Privates 
 of the Disbanded Corps, who are making rapid progress in their new settle¬ 
 ments and think themselves amply paid for their toil by the generous 
 increase. This Biver is navigable for small craft to the Great Falls, about 
 150 miles above St. Anns. 
 
 To view this Town in so short a time would astonish every stranger 
 as it would to see the improvements going on in the Country. The 
 number of Saw Mills erected are very great, and can only be imagined 
 
 *Lunardi was a famous balloonist, and his exploits were all the rage in 
 society at this period. 
 
 tWilliam Donaldson was a Virginia Loyalist. His losses consequent upon 
 the Rebellion were estimated at £3,000. He went at first to Shelburne and 
 afterwards to St. John. He was extensively engaged in business and William 
 Garden of Fredericton was a partner. He became financially embarrassed and 
 was forced to leave the province. He died in 1797. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 267 
 
 from the noble prospect this Country opens for Lumber, and which is not 
 to be equalled in any of the States. The only wood that is scarce is 
 White Oak; red and gray Oak there is in abundance, and the most con¬ 
 vincing proof I can give you of the fair prospect there is in this article is, 
 that a few days ago in consequence of proposals I received from a 
 merchant of eminence at Halifax to load two vessels here in the Spring, 
 I sent him an answer lately what I could contract for, and every article 
 in this infant country was considerably below what he could be supplied 
 with in Hew England or any of the States, and in a few days I expect 
 his answer to conclude the Contract for upwards of 2,000 tons timber, 
 consisting of white, red, and grey Oak, Elm, Beech, Birch, Pine, Spruce, 
 Black Birch, & Rock Maple timber for ship-building, assorted as Spars, 
 Masts, Keel pieces, top-masts, yards, plank, barrels and staves. 
 
 Ship-building where every material is, or may be, got on the spot, 
 cannot fail to be an article of great importance in this Country. Many 
 vessels large and small are now building on the River, and as the materials 
 are of the best sort, it may be expected that vessels will be lasting and 
 durable and have a preference at foreign markets. 
 
 The preparations also making for the fishery is very considerable, and 
 if encouragement is given, which I hope and doubt not will, no country 
 bids or can bid fairer soon to be the pride, envy and admiration of her 
 neighbors. 
 
 As for a grazing country nature has been so bountifull to this, that 
 it cannot fail even with common attention, to be the first or among the 
 first on this Continent. 
 
 As I am informed Brook Watson, Esquire, has the interest of this 
 country much at heart, and tho’ I know that Gentleman yet I have not 
 the honor of corresponding with him, I will therefore trouble you to 
 communicate that part of this letter to him that respects the Country 
 as I know it will give him pleasure, and I will send another copy 
 of it to my worthy friend Edward Winslow, Esquire, now at Annapolis, 
 who is as much interested in its prosperity as any man existing, and who 
 disinterestedly has taken more pains and done more for its happiness and 
 interest than any man I know. 
 
 Excuse mv saying so much but I could not well say less in justice 
 to the people and prospects of this promising Country. 
 
 One thing I had almost forgot, and which is highly necessary to 
 mention, the fallacious idea that has crept into Lloyd’s Coffee House 
 about the danger and difficulty of the navigation of the Bay of Fundy. 
 This doctrine must have been set up by some designing people and is so 
 notoriously false that it hardly deserves a serious answer. The Harbour 
 i3 a very good one, many excellent wharves are raising, the navigation of 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 2 68 
 
 the Bay is safe and easy, and it abounds with a number of commodious 
 bays and harbours. As a proof of this hardly an accident happens in a 
 Twelve-month to the numerous shipping that have come here, and our 
 harbour has this further advantage that it is open at all seasons of the 
 year and we have arrivals during the whole winter. As I hinted before, 
 I am fully convinced that this ill natured report has been propagated with 
 a view to injure the settlement so I am equally sensible that it will of itself 
 speedily fall to the ground, having no foundation in truth.” 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Felicity Hall* [St. John] Friday Feby 18 
 
 to Monday the 21st 1785. 
 
 Dear Ned;—Yours of 18th Jany, came to hand two days ago with 
 blanket rug & suit of cloaths, for which I thank you. 
 
 I have endeavored to secure the land on the Gore between your 
 sister’s land & the manor of Coffin but have not been able to succeed. * * 
 
 I shall give Coffin the scantlins for your frame immediately and when 
 Dogget arrives he shall be taken care of immediately and set to work. 
 
 The Governor has been up to St. Anns. I did not go with him. The 
 party was the Gov’r, Hazen, Odell and Knox, f I did not see any room 
 to insert myself conveniently into it so made no offer. But next week 
 Lambton and myself set out for a tour upon a much larger scale. We go 
 to St. Anns, cross the country to Schudiac, then down to St. Andrews, 
 thence cross the country to ye St. John’s by the Orramueto, if we can find 
 it, & so home.f 
 
 While I think of it, it is necessary that Penny and Sally’s, 1 1 grants for 
 
 *This seems to have been the name selected for the house where Marston 
 lodged with Chipman and Harris W. Hailes. See Chipman’s letter under date 
 20th March. 1785. 
 
 fThis was Thomas Knox, who was deputy muster master of the Loyalists 
 and disbanded troops on the St. John River in 1784. He was afterwards joint 
 agent with his father, William Knox, for the Province of New Brunswick in 
 England. 
 
 JBenjamin Marston in his diary speaks of this trip as equal to a “cam¬ 
 paign.” The route traversed by Lambton and Marston is shown in an old plan. 
 The plan, which is in the Public Record office in London, is dated 1796. There 
 is on it a dotted line with the inscription: “The dotted line describes Mr. Lamb- 
 ton’s path from the River Saint John to Saint Andrews, Passamaquoddy Bay, 
 in 1784.” The route is not identical with that outlined by Marston in his letter 
 of Feb. 18, 1785, but as Marston had a very imperfect idea of the route, this is 
 not an important discrepancy. The fact, however, remains that the map states 
 the journey of Lambton was made in 1784, whereas his journey with Marston 
 was in February, 1785. Dr. Ganong suggests two explorations that are dis¬ 
 tinct, but I am disposed to identify them. An exploration made in the winter of 
 1784-5 might be marked on the map by the draughtsman in 1786 as “Mr. Lamb- 
 ton’s path in 1784.”—W. O. R. 
 
 || The grant of 400 acres to Penelope and Sarah Winslow, near Brandy Point, 
 below Westfield, was dated April 24, 1784. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 1785] 
 
 their lands be returned to the Secretary’s office to be registered. * * * 
 
 ’Tis now Monday, & I have sent the Major [Coffin] up a list of 
 
 scantlins this morning. * * As I expect to set out on my Sylvan 
 
 expedition in a day or two any matters of business must be directed to 
 
 Chippy We are well. Last Wednesday we exhibited at the Hall, under 
 the auspices of General Chippy, a monstrous great Ball & fine supper to 
 about 36 Gentlemen & Ladies such as Governours, Secretaries, Chief 
 Justices, Chancellors & such kind of people with their wives and daughters. 
 We ate, drank, danced, & played cards till about 4 o’clock in the morning. 
 We had everything for supper. It is difficult to conceive how his 
 Gen’lship could collect such a variety of luxurious viands together in such 
 a place as this. * * * 
 
 The River is as solid as the Everlasting Hills but your Beans have not 
 yet arrived from St. Anns. 
 
 I really participate with you in your present enjoyments of domestic 
 happiness. 'Tis a consolation to find that such a thing as Happiness is 
 passing, one may hope some time or other to get a little of it one’s self. 
 I thank Mrs. Winslow most heartily for her kind reception of my good 
 wishes. She is one of the few that I think entitled to them. God bless 
 you both and may ye long be happy together is the fervent prayer of 
 Your affectionate Cousin, 
 
 Ben. 
 
 Benjamin Hallowell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 27th Feb’y, 1785. 
 
 My dear Sir,—The weather very early set in cold this winter and not 
 having much very pressing business abroad, I have on account of my 
 health kept much at home since the beginning of November, and living 
 at some distance from all my American acquaintances, I did not hear of 
 Miss Winslow,* your sister’s being in England until two days before I 
 received her note wishing my attendance at the American office to give 
 evidence to your worthy Father’s character &c., &c., to support the claim 
 made by the family for support and compensation, about a fortnight since. 
 After which my daughter, (Mrs. H. being indisposed), and I took the 
 earliest opportunity that the weather would allow me to be abroad to call 
 on Miss Winslow but was not so fortunate as to meet her at home, and 
 I was several times in that unlucky situation of not seeing her, though 
 not always disappointed. I lament that it has not been in my power to 
 shew that attention that I ought to have done had my health permitted 
 
 ♦Sarah Winslow, who went to England with certain documents to prove the 
 confiscation of her late father’s property by the Americans, with the view of 
 obtaining compensation from the commissioners on the Loyalist claims. 
 
270 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 and I known of her being in London. Miss Winslow attended by her 
 faithful friend Mr. Coffin* did us the honor to call yesterday which was 
 all the time she said she could possibly give us, as the Ship left the River 
 on Saturday last in order tc be in the Downs as soon as possible after 
 clearing at Gravesend. The letters that I have received from my good 
 friend Governor Fanning axe very pressing that I should be in Halifax as 
 early as possible this spring for the security and managing my property 
 in Yova Scotia;! before such intimation I was getting as fast as possible 
 ready to leave this Country and was in hopes before this day I should have 
 embarked, having nothing to detain me in England. * * * In the 
 
 meantime I must intreat you and my other friends to use your interest to 
 prevent any mischief happening to my property and to request the con¬ 
 tinuance of that friendship to get settlers on the premises on such terms 
 as you, Governor Wentworth and Governor Fanning, mav think proper, 
 all which 1 will confirm, which will add to the many obligations I am 
 already under to you. I am, dear Sir, 
 
 Your most ob’t aDd faithful much obliged 
 Humble Servt, 
 
 Benj.Hallowell. 
 
 Samuel Goldsburv to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Edinburgh [N. S.], March 1st, 1785. 
 
 Sir,—Agreeable to your request I here send you an account of the 
 Growth of Timber, number of saw mills, Quantity of fish taken the last 
 year, preparations making for this, number of Vessels, Quantity of Cattle, 
 fee, &c. 
 
 The Town of Edinburgh is situated at the Mouth of the River Sisibou, 
 which empties itself into the Bay of St. Mary’s on the Western side the 
 Peninsula, the Lands around the Bay and River exceedingly good and 
 afford encouragement to the Farmer, are plentifully covered with Large 
 Timber, such as Birch, Beech, Rock Maple, Spruce, Pine, and Ash, and 
 in several Routes I have taken for exploring the Western part of the 
 Peninsula I have seen Very considerable quantitys of Fine Oak Timber, 
 which may by means of Lakes and Rivers be easily conveyed to the sea. 
 We have plenty of Streams of Water and advantageous situations for Mills. 
 Four saw-Mills are already erected, and a number more erecting, all con¬ 
 tiguous to the Bay and River. There was taken and exported from this 
 place the Last Year 1200 quintals of Cod fish, besides a considerable quan¬ 
 tity consumed by the Settlers, most of which Fish were taken in Log 
 
 *Thomas Aston Coffin greatly assisted Miss Winslow in her undertaking, 
 which, for a woman, was in those days an arduous task. 
 
 fThe property at Guysborough before mentioned under date 10th February, 
 1784. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 271 
 
 canoes and small Boats. There undoubtedly will be four times that 
 quantity taken this year, as the Settlers will not be necessarily employed 
 in Building. We have at present but few Vessels, and those Small, except 
 a Brigg of 120 Tons and a Sloop of 80 Tons, which are now employed in 
 the West India Trade. 
 
 There is on this Bay & Biver more than one thousand Head of Black 
 Cattle besides numbers of Horses and Sheep. It is difficult to affix a 
 price for Lumber even for the present year, owing to the great call there 
 has been among the new settlements. I am of opinion that a large 
 quantity of Lumber may be shipped at this place the present year at the 
 following prices, viz, Boards & plank at 36 shillings Sterling pr. thousand 
 feet; and Square Timber at 22s. 6d. pr. thousand feet carried into Board 
 measure. 
 
 The Settlers are generally Poor but industrious, their exertions cramped 
 for want of Provisions, but should Government continue their Bounty a 
 little longer, I am persuaded the fertility of the Soil, and the advantages 
 derived from fish and Lumber would soon restore them to those agreeable 
 Circumstances they Sacrificed in consequence of the Late War. 
 
 I have the Honor to be. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient & 
 
 Very Humble Serv’t, 
 
 Samuel Goldsbury. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Granville, March 2nd, 1785. 
 
 Wednesday Hoon. 
 
 Dr. Chip;—The receipt of Marston’s letters relative to my land 
 matters have given me infinite concern and the more because I am this 
 inst. preparing to step into a sleigh to set off for Halifax. 
 
 When I candidly and openly communicated to Mr. Odell the papers 
 relative to Prince William — I told him there was a strip of land con¬ 
 taining 3 or 4,000 acres, and including a small River* at the upper end of 
 Prince William, which had been applied for by Gen’ls Fox & Clarke, and 
 that Gov’r Parr had given the most positive assurances to GenT Fox and 
 repeated ’em to me, that the Patent should be made out for them, but 
 that Gen’l Fox from principles of delicacy would not avail himself of the 
 Gov-rs offer until Patents for others were obtained, nor indeed until it 
 was determined that Gentlemen of the Line were considered as entitled to 
 Grants. As his agent, I acted from the same principle, and I suggested 
 to Mr. Odell that if Gov’r Carleton decided against giving grants to 
 
 ♦The Pokiok River. 
 
272 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 absentees (which I thought he ought) I would apply in behalf of myself 
 and several of my friends as real settlers in the country for that very 
 tract, but that I could make no formal application as Mr. Davidson was 
 absent and I could not describe the premises with any degree of accuracy, 
 I however requested, as no material inconvenience could arise from sus¬ 
 pending the Grant of that tract until my return, that he would postpone 
 the consideration of the business, and from his answer I supposed there 
 was no risque of its being granted. Mr. Odell will also recollect that I 
 mentioned a stream called Gowac* on the other side the river where I 
 proposed building a saw mill with Mr. David Eason, formerly Superin¬ 
 tendent of Indian affairs on the river St. John’s, a man of merit and who 
 has rendered essential services to Government, that I begged in his behalf 
 to state his pretentions and solicit a grant on that river. I also gave Mr. 
 Odell a penciled memorandum of the names of the place which he say’d he 
 would place among the other papers and was very explicit in saying that 
 he thought nothing farther on my part was necessary to be done. I have 
 accordingly stipulated with some degree of solemnity with Mr. Eason. I 
 have procured all my materials, and have made a written contract to build 
 the saw mill. Eason is preparing to take passage by the next packet in 
 expectation of obtaining such licence as will enable him to go on with 
 spirit and security in erecting the buildings. If the land which it is 
 necessary to possess for that purpose falls within a Block assigned to a 
 provincial Corps — it is a matter of notoriety that there is a large over¬ 
 plus for each regiment, and I should think a work of such public utility 
 will be encouraged, and that the regiment or settlers would not oppose 
 a Grant within their general limits for a business of so much importance 
 to the vicinity. I however (as this has become a very serious matter to 
 me) have earnestly to request that you as my attorney will on Eason’s 
 arrival form an application for the tract which he will point out, as my 
 proportion of land as Muster Master General, &c., and that you will also 
 draw for him a memorial stating his pretentions. 
 
 My dear Chip, I cannot enlarge — I do request that you would take 
 Eason by the hand instantly on his arrival — that you would enter most 
 zealously into this business — that you would spare no pains — that you 
 will consider it as of the last importance to me. He is perfectly intelli¬ 
 gible, sensible and plain. If for want of any form or nonsensical ceremony 
 I fail in obtaining land on which I can commence my exertions, I shall be 
 the merest mumchance at New Brunswick. I shall at the expiration of 
 another year be precisely where I was at the end of the last, indeed I 
 
 *The Coac Stream in Queensbury is meant. David Eason was one of the 
 pre-Loyalist settlers of the County of Annapolis, N. S., and some references to 
 his family will be found in the History of Annapolis County, by Calnek and 
 Savary. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 273 
 
 cannot afford to change my ground on any other idea than that of being 
 immediately employed. My office* there is evidently of no consequence — 
 I have very little money; my expenses must increase there and I give up 
 a certain and considerable income here. All these considerations vanished 
 like smoke while I anticipated a fixture there and a chance of exerting 
 on a very large scale, but the impediments have disconcerted me, and I 
 shall wait with the most eager impatience at Halifax until I know the 
 result of Eason’s negotiation. Surely it must be secund’m form’m for 
 you to apply in my behalf. I repeat my hopes that the disagreeable nature 
 of the business will not deter you from pursuing it. 
 
 Point out anything that can be done by me. Had not my long absence 
 from head quarters rendered an immediate return necessary I would have 
 made another trip across the Bay without hesitation, but this is impossible. 
 Or had an idea been suggested to me that my presence was necessary to 
 effect this business I would not have left the Country until this hour. 
 
 I wish this matter to be a secret, only that you would converse with 
 Odell, and as yet not suggest that I feel distressed at his inattention and 
 indifference in this matter. I had begun a letter to him, I found myself 
 incapable of finishing it. I may be wrong in my conjectures, but at 
 present I think I have not been fairly dealt with. 
 
 All the other parts of your letter shall be attended to, I have waited 
 3 days for Dalziel’st arrival. Thompson is now so importunate and press¬ 
 ing that I must desist. Continue to write me — the expresses pass every 
 week. My promised letter shall be ready by the very first conveyance. 
 
 Every circumstance worth knowing shall be most faithfully trans¬ 
 mitted from Halifax. 
 
 Make apologies for me to Donaldson and Hailes, I write ’em both. 
 
 [Remainder, if any, missing.] 
 
 Daniel Hammill to Mrs. E. Winslow. 
 
 Windsor, Saturday Evening, 5th March, 1785. 
 
 Madam,—I am happy in having an opportunity to acquaint you of 
 the safe arrival of your Dear Partner at this place, accompanied by Major 
 Thompson: they this day set out again for Halifax, where they intend to 
 arrive Tomorrow. It is well they have got so far on their journey for 
 there is every appearance of a Thaw. 
 
 I am bound in point of Gratitude, as well as a firm promise to Mrs. 
 Hammill, to return you our most sincere thanks for the many marks of 
 Friendship, favour and attention, which you have on all occasions been 
 pleased to shew to her, during my long absence, and more especially the 
 situation she was in by being so long in that disagreeable Cottage. 
 
 *As surrogate of the province. 
 
 fSee Major Studholme’s letter under date 9th May, 1784. 
 
274 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 Mrs. Hammill laments her not having had an opportunity of seeing 
 you before she left Granville. But rest assured you have her hearty 
 wishes for your health, happiness and success wherever the sport bf 
 Fortune may toss you or herself hereafter. She and the children arrived 
 here after a pleasant journey of three days all well and she is much elated 
 with the change of her situation, and would think herself happy she says 
 had she hut three families from your neighborhood viz; Yourself, Mr. 
 James and Mr. Williams. 
 
 However this seems to he a very good neighborhood, and all the first 
 families in this place have been to see her, and been very kind. 
 
 You will accept the united and kindest wishes and regards from Mrs. 
 Hammill and myself Madam, 
 
 Your much obliged 
 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 Daniel Hammill. 
 
 Brook Watson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 6th March, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir;—By your good Sister I sit down to write in answer to your 
 obliging letters of November the 6th & 18th, the latter I thought proper 
 for the perusal of Lord Sydney and gave it to his Secretary for that 
 purpose, and have hut recently received it hack. The papers which you 
 obligingly sent me have proved useful; thank you for them and for the 
 general information contained in your letters. The particular Return 
 which you promise will he very acceptable in a public view. I am inex¬ 
 pressibly gratified by Gov’r Carleton’s proclamation, and the fixed resolution 
 which, I am told, my Loyal friends of that Province have come to, not 
 to suffer any commercial intercourse with any of the American States. 
 These points firmly adhered to will infallibly secure prosperity to the 
 Province and honour to its people; it has ample capability and demands 
 nothing but wisdom and resolution to make it more desirable than any 
 of the revolted countries. Could a staple article of commerce between 
 it & England he there produced the most solid advantages would thereby 
 arise, and methinks Hemp & Flax might be cultivated with success. Could 
 the Flax of New Holland he introduced and accord with your soil, ’twould 
 he better than the mines of South America to Spain, hut there is not 
 now a plant or a seed of it in England, or it should be sent you. China 
 Hemp is also very fine. I have sent a gallon by the St. Lawrence directed 
 to Gov’r Carleton — it’s in a small hag; most desirous I am it should he 
 sown this Spring for should it remain over to the next it will probably 
 perish. .....V « 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 275 
 
 Your sister will inform you what has been done towards proving your 
 Father’s losses, and procuring something towards the support of your 
 Mother and Sisters; which altho’ not equal to my wish comes up to my 
 expectation. 
 
 ' I am dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithful H.’ble Serv’t 
 
 Brook Watson. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 6th March, 1785. 
 
 My dear Winslow;—I have only time to acknowledge the receipt of 
 yours by Dalziel and to assure you that I will exert myself in attending 
 to all your commands. By the next conveyance I shall write you fully. 
 I am much perplexed, I have much to say. I wish I could see you, but 
 this is in vain. 
 
 I hope you are safe in Halifax and find everything to your mind, t 
 want a long, serious, particular, old-fashioned, circumstantial letter from 
 you. You must write, I have nobody to talk to and am ready to burst. 
 
 Do you know a certain Miss Penn Winslow ? If she remains in 
 Halifax, tell her she had better take care of herself, her neglect of her 
 friend Chip is intolerable, bad as he is. However tell her, your Mama, 
 and that little enchanting rattle-headed Sail. Miller that I long to see 
 them. Adieu. God bless you forever, Amen, prays 
 
 Chip. 
 
 P. S. If you have an opportunity, send me a little assortment of 
 stationery. I am distressed for some and can purchase none. Odell often 
 reminds me of some more blank books to come from you. 
 
 William Tyng to Jonathan Odell. 
 
 Prospect Farm (Gagetown) 9th March, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I take the liberty to inclose a paper containing two valu¬ 
 ations of the same lotts — those lots were in possession of old inhabitants 
 and were by order of Governor Parr numbered and drawn for by the 
 Befugees. When the Agents were in Halifax the Governor gave directions 
 that the improvements should be valued and paid for by the refugees who 
 drew them. We accordingly appointed two discreet persons on behalf of 
 the loyalists and the old inhabitants chose two for themselves. When 
 they went upon the business they very soon differed in their prices and 
 nothing conclusive took place. 
 
 It is I think very evident that the appraisers for the old inhabitants 
 have been unreasonable in the value they have set upon some spots. I 
 
276 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1785 
 
 cannot conceive any improvements upon this river can be worth £5.10. 
 per acre besides the first cost or value of the land. 
 
 I am dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Wm. Tyng. 
 
 Joseph Chew to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 10th March, 1785. 
 
 My Dear Friend,—This will he delivered to you by your good Sister 
 who I really have not seen so often as I earnestly desired. * * * 
 
 I hope soon to have all my matters finished so as to leave this country, 
 which believe me I am most sincerely tired of, and where that Hospitality 
 1 have ever been used to is possessed by very few. I depend on you my 
 dear friend not to .lose sight of my Interest about the Lands, Nova Scotia 
 being my object, and a near neighbour to you your sisters and family my 
 hope. I shall endeavor when I leave this, first to come to Halifax, but 
 as the arrangements for Canada are not made I cannot absolutely deter¬ 
 mine, however, this I am sure of, every assistance and good office that 
 can be will be done for me by Sir John Johnson, who is greatly pleased 
 at the part I took in behalf of his claims on my arrival in London, which 
 prevented his being excluded, as many others are, (unless some new act 
 is passed for receiving them). This is a strange world, what think you of 
 the new appointment of a Consul General and of the Person appointed ? 
 
 As our friend Mr. Coffin sends you the Papers, I refer you to them 
 for the Squabbles in the House of Commons. The outs long to come in 
 and those who are in long to keep their places, while luxury, dissipation, 
 &c, prevail amongst all classes. 
 
 I will only once more request you — indeed I know you will take 
 care of my Interest. I will repay you with thanks and information in the 
 line of Gardening, &c. * * 
 
 I am my dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithful friend and 
 
 Affectionate H’ble Servant 
 
 Jos. Chew.* 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Johns, 20th Mar. ’85. 
 
 My dear Winslow—Eason is arrived and I have been ever since indus¬ 
 triously executing your commands respecting his business. I memorial’d 
 for the Gowac [Coac, in the Parish of Queensbury] Creek in your name, and 
 
 *See biographical note under Dec. 17, 1797. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 277 
 
 an enquiry was immediately directed to discover whether the place was 
 granted — fortunately Davidson the Surveyor was here & told us the 
 creek you meant was a much better one Poqueyuck [Pokiok] Creek within 
 Gen’l Fox’s Reserve, that he had often conversed with you on the subject. 
 I called a meeting of Davidson, Eason & Mr. Hazcn, we pro’d it & con’d it 
 [discussed it pro & con] & unanimously determined at last to push for 
 this stream. The difficulty was. that the Reserve had long been deter¬ 
 mined not to be kept & several applications were made for the whole of 
 it. I at once determined to dash in a new memorial, & stated that you 
 went up the River in 1783 on purpose to explore this Creek, that in 
 consequence of assurances of having it granted you, you had at great 
 expense & pains got every necessary implement prepared for erecting a 
 $aw Mill, had contracted with several persons to carry on the business, 
 who were now waiting only till you would get the land assigned to you, 
 & that any delay would he ruinous. This memorial I presented, informing 
 the Gov’r & Council that I had mistaken the boundaries in the first 
 memorial, which I beg’d leave to withdraw. A warrant of Survey was 
 ordered for your 1000 acres within the Reserve, including the Creek — it 
 is made out, Davidson has it in his pocket & goes off this day to complete 
 this business & make his return, he promises to take every pains to please 
 you. Eason & he have settled it between them. I tho’t it best at any rate 
 that you should have the right of soil where the mill was to be placed in 
 the present instance, indeed nobody but you could have obtained the spot. 
 Eason has of course suspended any application for lands for himself, as he 
 can only obtain 200 acres at furthest for the present. He has however de¬ 
 sired Davidson to enquire who has drawn the Gowac Creek, it has fallen 
 to some of the Queen’s Rangers, Davidson thinks Privates, in which case 
 Davidson (if he can make a very cheap bargain & thinks it worth while) is 
 to contract for it. And now my dear Winslow, knowing your very enter- 
 prizing spirit and as your friend in your office says, your delight “in grand 
 systems,” I a little fear you will run too fast. What sort of a bargain have 
 you made with Eason? are you to advance money, to get the business on? if 
 so, depend upon it it will not answer. Is he altogether competent to the 
 purpose? It seems to me he does not like work much himself. I know 
 nothing of this matter, but I know ypu have sometimes been mistaken. 
 Sat. Verb. Sap. 
 
 I have a thousand things to say to you but I dare not, will not, commit 
 them to Paper. Some of them with fear and trembling I have already 
 hinted. When do you intend coming here, or do you mean it at all? I 
 am most heartily tired of the present system of house-keeping, and_could 
 
278 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 not stand it a day longer but in the hope of speedy relief*. If you mean to 
 remove your family, it will he best to write a line yourself to Marston & 
 Hailes suggesting the time, and the inconvenience of their continuing in the 
 house, also to Hazen intimatihg such alterations as you may think neces¬ 
 sary in the house. 
 
 I can’t help recurring to the subject of your engagement with Eason. 
 I have talked with Hazen & Major Coffin on the business of Saw Mills— 
 they are clearly of opinion, that with all possible industry & exertion it 
 will be a number of years before the. first- expense of setting the mill a 
 going will be cleared, that this can never be done but by a man who is upon 
 the spot himself'& will work like a horse. Coffin says his'Creek t is more 
 advantageously situated than any one in the Province, that the land about 
 it abounds in Timber, that a vessel of 50 tons can lie at the Spot, that 
 he has minutely calculated 1 every expense necessarily' attending it, & that 
 was it not at his door almost, where’he can see. to 1 every thing'himself, he 
 must sink money by it,’that when he has eve^y advantage in the Stream, 
 no Damm to make or banks: to; level, the least expenseot; erecting his mill 
 will be £200. ; ThatiiN-agfej who,will ..work like a'hprse hims.elf is to be 
 jointly concerned,, and that the utmost .profit; that can be calculated upon 
 with all these,advantages is £100 a year between them both. 
 
 I understand from Eason, that he, has engaged a Master workman who 
 perfectly understands the business, so that he is himself, to, be Superinten¬ 
 dent only. I really feel very anxious. about" tills undertaking ’ of yours, and 
 unless your engagement with him is for you to beat no‘'further expense or 
 advance & to take a'proportion of the prdfits I do not believe it will answer 
 —and in that case I fear you will barely save vourself from being involved 
 by the concern: I ’know nothing of : Eason, but : he does not appear to me 
 to be the man; I'make'no apology for all thik my deair Winslow, you 
 know my heart•'& my motives,'‘and-yotrafter all- are the best Juidge. 
 
 I have written'you ; several ‘ scraps : of ’letters. 1 I pray your attention to 
 them all—the objects they Prefer : to are se^ust 
 
 22nd. Mr' Andrews"returned-& : 'hot ; a line from you. I am glad to 
 hear you had been safe in' Halifax •four days when he came away. 
 
 - - Adieu. : God bless you forever, prays 
 ... ..... . , Chip. 
 
 Why did you not let me know Penn|| was dead? 
 
 *Ward Chipman married in 1786 Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the Honorable 
 William Hazen of Portland Point. He built the “Chipman House” the following 
 year, which is still standing. It was in its day deemed quite a mansion, and 
 has entertained royal visitors—the Duke of Kent in 1794, and his grandson, 
 King Edward VII., in 1860. 
 
 fNerepis Creek at Westfield. 
 
 JHenry Nase—See biographical note under date 12th August, 1783. 
 
 || This was ironical, because she had not written or sent any messages to 
 him. See closing part of Winslow’s letter of 4th April, 1785. 
 
>use at Saint John. 
 

 I 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 279 
 
 If you can get made for me such a closet for Papers with divisions, 
 apartments, &c, as you have in your office, it will serve me most essentially; 
 there is no season’d stuff or Joiner here. I cannot do without one. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 25th March 1785. 
 
 My dear Fellow,—By the schooner Halifax Packet, Captain Fullerton, 
 I send a small assortment of stationery, per invoice, which I hope will 
 reach you in good order. If this vessel arrives before Mr. Deblois don’t 
 suspect me of inattention or breach of promise, by him I will write fully 
 & freely. He will set off for Hew Brunswick in a few days. 
 
 In the box with your stationery is a venerable Coat of Arms* which 
 I authorize you to present to the Council Chamber, or any other respect¬ 
 able public Room, which you shall think best entitled to it. They (Lyon 
 & Unicom) were constant members of the Council at Boston (by manda¬ 
 mus)—ran away when the others did—have suffered—are of course 
 Refugees, & have a claim for residence at New Brunswick. 
 
 Blowers acquaints me that he ships a quantity of Blank hooks for Mr. 
 Odell so that there can he no occasion for my sending any. 
 
 Cordially yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 27th March, 1785. 
 
 Dear Chip,—I never was more embarrassed than at this moment. 
 When I gave you assurances that I would write an opinion re¬ 
 lative to the enormous Grants in the Province of New Brunswick, I 
 thought myself master of the subject, and that I cou’d advance arguments 
 which wou’d be in some degree satisfactory to you; hut on making a serious 
 effort such variety of difficulties crowded on my mind, as effectually dis¬ 
 concerted me. I will however, endeavor to throw together such observa¬ 
 tions as have occurred. I shall do it without form or order—without 
 taking any pains to select expressions, and without regarding whether my 
 remarks are new or not. 
 
 ******* 
 
 The irregular manner in which Grants have bfeen made increase the 
 
 *This famous coat of arms was at first placed in a building on Germain 
 street, where John McMillan’s residence now stands. The building was fitted 
 up as a church, but not consecrated. The courts of justice met there, also the 
 city council. After the erection of Trinity church the coat of arms was placed 
 upon its walls. It was saved at the time of the great fire in 1877 by Captain 
 Frank B. Hazen, and is now fixed over the west door of new Trinity church. 
 
280 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 difficulties which attend the detection of fraud. The Patents, I am told 
 do not (in many instances) carry on their face any reason for the Grant, 
 but it appears to be of the mere motion of the King. This I am also told 
 is the case in Spry’s grant. Yet I shou’d suppose this' circumstance wou’d 
 not preclude an enquiry, and if my position is right, I think Mr. Spry is 
 palpably liable. 
 
 Eemember Chipman I mean this letter for a bold deposit of my own 
 sentiments in the bosom of my friend, the subject is important to my 
 Country and I spurn the idea of ambiguity. 
 
 To obtain such a tract of land Mr. Spry* must have assigned some 
 reason. No other cou’d have been induc’d but his services. It is too in¬ 
 vidious a task to anticipate an enquiry on this head, and I wou’d carefully 
 avoid a ludicrous observation when writing on a subject so serious, but ’tis 
 necessary to observe that the rank! Mr. Spry held before the late War was 
 too inconsiderable to found a claim for such a reward. It must therefore 
 have been his services during the late War. And what were these? ’Tis 
 a fair question. He was Chief Engineer in a Camp of Repose. He never 
 heard a Cannon but at a public Salute. He erected a Citadelt which was 
 calculated to annoy only the Chest which paid for it. He amass’d im¬ 
 mense wealth, liv’d like a Prince, and retir’d like a Nabob. 
 
 In a Country where the principle prevails that Equity is the founda¬ 
 tion of Law, can it be possible that land thus bestowed may not be deemed 
 forfeit on enquiry? especially at a time when hundreds of the faithful and 
 Meritorious servants of the King are literally suffering for want of Bread 
 which that ground wou’d produce in abundance? I am aware of the 
 variety of perplexities that must attend this kind of investigation— they 
 are in formidable array before me. It remains with men skilled in the 
 formalities of Law to devise the method—I have no capacity for that ser¬ 
 vice. There are various other species of Deception which in my opinion 
 must operate to the same point. A man applies for land, and gives a de¬ 
 scription; he avers that it does not interfere with the general settlement of 
 the country, but that a compliance with the stipulated conditions will 
 redound to the public benefit. He has villainy to propose and interest to 
 furnish a bribe to a mercenary surveyor, who reports a much less quantity 
 than is in fact contain’d within the limits, meaning that the patentee 
 
 *Captain William Spry, during the time he was chief engineer in Nova 
 Scotia, procured for himself extensive grants of land on the River St. John in 
 the vicinity of Gagetown and on the opposite side of the river. He became a 
 brigadier general, and eventually derived substantial advantage from his estate 
 in New Brunswick, although a part was forfeited for non-performance of the 
 conditions of the grants. See “Portland Point” series of articles in the New 
 Brunswick Magazine for interesting particulars relating to these grants. 
 
 fThat is the rank of captain. 
 
 +This was at Halifax. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 281 
 
 shou’d avail himself of the general clause “more or less.” He describes 
 the situation to he such that it will not militate with the King’s Instruc¬ 
 tions. On investigation it appears that the grant effectually bars the 
 settlement of the District—that it is a monopoly of the good land, and 
 renders the adjacent country useless. Of course'the object of government 
 (w'hich was not the aggrandizement of an individual but the general good) 
 is defeated, and by the rascality of the applicant, and the connivance of 
 the surveyor, the individual possesses a much more extensive and valuable 
 territory than was intended. This must be cause of forfeiture not of the 
 surplusage only but of the whole, because as no particular part can be 
 ascertained as overplus, of course no particular part can be described as 
 forfeit. The Grant must be invalid. If the Grantee has just pretensions 
 to any proportion it may be described and re-granted. Whenever a pro¬ 
 cess in equity is instituted against Spry’s grant I believe you will find 
 proof:—That the application was deceitful—that the survey was false— 
 and that the grant was injurious to the Country and repugnant to the 
 King’s Instructions. Its repugnance to the King’s Instructions, ought 
 alone to work it’s damation. * * * * 
 
 A lunatic Governor may in an hour of frenzy convey all the sea coast 
 to a single person, but surely (without a republican idea, which God knows 
 I abhor) the public have such kind of control over the actions of their 
 officers, as to prevent the unsalutary effects of such dementation. The 
 general principles of the Constitution will interfere to prevent Injuries so 
 gross. Without this controul (I don’t like the word) the Government 
 wou’d be absolute indeed. Suppose the King instructs his representative 
 to lease a particular tract and the Governor instead of leasing aliens and 
 conveys the fee simple, Will the deed be good? Suppose he exceeds in 
 quantity, to particular persons—Will the King support, and the Constitu¬ 
 tion justify it? Forbid it Reason! and (if the blasted term had not been 
 perverted and become offensive) I wou’d add—Forbid it Liberty! 
 
 The observations here made will apply to some of the grants recently 
 passed, more forcibly than even to Spry’s. In the instance of Hauser,* 
 the Governor of this Province cannot justify the Grant in any other way 
 than by an explicit acknowledgment of the Deception, both as to the rank 
 and character of the man, and the circumstances, situation and quantity 
 of the land. If that acknowledgment is not made on a process in Chan¬ 
 cery and the facts thereby proved to the satisfaction of the Court, I will 
 venture to affirm that a regular representation and complaint will be 
 exhibited in which certain facts will be stated and proved. They are of a 
 nature too tender to be touch’d by me, at present. 
 
 ♦Frederick Hauser was an agent for the Loyalists who came to Annapolis, 
 N. S., in October, 1782. From thence he came to New Brunswick. He surveyed 
 many of the Loyalist grants, and procured for himself on June 22, 1784, a grant 
 of 800 acres at Gagetown. See under date 19th June, 1784, for biographical note. 
 
282 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 The Chief Justice’s Grant of Sugar Island* is in some respects similar 
 to Hauser’s, only that there is one circumstance peculiar to that. The 
 Island was indisputably included in the general location of land to the. 
 provincials—drawn for, and in the actual possession of particular Corps. 
 A Deception must of course be acknowledged, or something worse. This 
 grant has already been the subject, of my animadversions, and Mr. Odell 
 has what I call an honest state of facts respecting it, and ’tis painful to re¬ 
 peat ’em. It is melancholy indeed that two such instances should have 
 happened. Integrity blushes at the recollection of ’em, and the most 
 intrepid Friend to Government will shudder at the indignation which 
 arises on contemplating the probable consequences of such iniquity—but 
 enough under this head, I wax warm. 
 
 It has been a question even in this Province [Nova Scotia], where 
 they “swallow camels without a hiccup”, whether the grantee by non- 
 compliance with the conditions within the time limited, does not forfeit, 
 even if the conditions at the issuing of the scire facias are actually fulfilled. 
 I believe it has been determined here that the land is not forfeited in 
 those cases, but there’s such costiveness in the professional gentry that one 
 cannot obtain any information, and there’s such pliability of temper in 
 some of ’em that their opinions seem the effect of complaisance rather 
 than of reason. I understand that the Attorney-General has wrote you on 
 this subject. It’s one of those unfortunate questions where much may be 
 say’d on both sides, but it appears to me that Justice leans towards a for¬ 
 feiture unless sufficient cause can be assign’d for the delinquency of the 
 Grantee. Various considerations will also arise relative to the manner of 
 Compliance. A Grantee conditions to cultivate a certain proportion of 
 the land, to settle a certain number of inhabitants, &c. These he neglects, 
 but a number of people driven by necessity, led by mistake, or from other 
 adventitious circumstances take possession, and (although Trespassers) 
 cultivate and improve the soil and are thereby the involuntary causes of 
 a compliance with the conditions. The question (of course) is whether 
 the Patantee shall avail himself of this accidental settlement, in whichMie 
 has neither agency or merit, and thereby secure his property. The law¬ 
 givers I suppose cou’d not anticipate such events, and may not have 
 pointed out remedies in such cases, but it must be allowed that the original 
 intention of Government is perverted. When Government stipulates with 
 an Individual, as in these patents, it certainly expects to be benefited by 
 
 *Chief Justice Bryan Finucane, when investigating the complaints of the 
 Loyalists in connection with their land grants, seems rather inconsistently to 
 have obtained for himself a grant of Sugar Island, the largest island in the 
 Keswick group, above Fredericton. His title was disputed by Col. Isaac Allen 
 and others. There was litigation, and the Finucanes lost. See Lawrence’s Foot 
 Prints, p. 59; see also James Glenie’s rabid utterances in Canadian Archives for 
 1895, under New Brunswick, pp. 18, 19. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 283 
 
 the personal exertion of the Grantee. I don’t mean the mere manual 
 labour—but the settlement shall be formed under his immediate direction, 
 and at his particular expense. Without this. What does Government get 
 by the bargain? or rather what does it not lose? Settlers that would 
 otherwise extend the cultivation of the Country, are by a sort of finesse, 
 made the instruments to confirm the title of land already granted to indo¬ 
 lent patentees, and government is at once cheated of its land and of its 
 settlers. This cannot be right. Again—The Grantee agrees to clear a 
 certain number of acres—to erect buildings, etc. When the enquiry com¬ 
 mences it is evident that the land is not cleared (agreable to the spirit and 
 intention)-—a few trees are felled, but there’s no serious efficient opera¬ 
 tion of Agriculture—logs are piled together to form something like an 
 house, which drops perhaps without ever being inhabited. Is Government 
 (pardon the expression) to be humbugged at this rate? and shall titles be 
 confirm’d by such shameful evasions? 
 
 I am mortified, Chipman, at the recollection that this immense epistle 
 is written to a man of great professional abilities. If all my opinions are 
 absurd my motive will save me from censure. I feel a degree of anxiety 
 respecting the Government of New Brunswick that exceeds anything I ever 
 experienc’d before. The eyes of the world seem to be fixed on that country, 
 the exalted reputation of the Governor, the abilities and integrity of the 
 public officers have produced a universal confidence, and mankind appear 
 to expect a detection of frauds, encouragement of industry and virtue, and 
 an impartial distribution of justice. * * * 
 
 I have already advanced and I repeat, that the Corps who now have 
 possession of Sugar Island, did not originally enter as Intruders, but 
 gained the possession under the authority and sanction of the Govemour, 
 and in my idea they were by no means liable, even before his grant to 
 Mr. Finucane, to be dispossessed by his own personal authority. 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 It is too late for the Governour of Nova Scotia either to take an 
 Inquest of office, or to make any new effectual Grant of this Island the 
 partition of the Province puts both objects equally out of his power. I 
 have no doubt of the propriety of the Govemour of New Brunswick’s 
 making a new grant of the Island to the present possessors without taking 
 any notice of the former Grant, but I do not see the expediency of such a 
 measure, because the tenants in possession, may in the mere right of 
 possession, legally defend themselves against any ejectment that can be 
 brought by Mr. Finucane. I hope Col. Allen and all the parties concerned 
 will have the same ideas of the matter, and will dispute it in the Courts 
 of Law, by inches. 
 
 I have already sav’d enough by way of apology for any incorrectness 
 
284 WINSLOW PAPERS [1785 
 
 or impropriety of expression. I’ve only to add that I am with the most 
 sincere affection and regard Dear Chip, 
 
 Your Faithful Friend 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Thomas Knox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Parr-town March 30th, 1785. 
 
 My dear Colonel;—As I lost a part of my baggage on its way to me 
 from Windsor (which I can very ill afford since the loss of my appoint¬ 
 ment) I must beg the favour of yon to inform me whether any allowance 
 would be made me if I was to send in an account. 
 
 The inability of your Stores at Halifax to furnish us with a resrular 
 supply of provisions is not only attended with great inconvenience to all 
 but very serious distress to many. 
 
 The Governor has taken upon himself to purchase a quantity of flour 
 to secure the settlers up the River from perishing in the approaching 
 season when the ice will begin to break up, and when it will be impossible 
 for them for some weeks to procure assistance from hence, let their con¬ 
 dition be ever so deplorable. The little supplies which have been 
 forwarded by order of the General came very seasonably, but these you 
 may easily conceive have been only a temporary support and greatly 
 inadequate to the claims of the needy. They have however been dealt out 
 with a sparing hand by a parsimonious Commissary, and the old business 
 of striking off the idle, the dissolute and the wealthy is now in full prac¬ 
 tice. A great part of my time is devoted to this business of discrimination 
 and drawing the line between those who are on their land, and those who 
 are not. In favor of the former I have given orders for six weeks flour 
 and two weeks pork, which it is presumed may last them till they can come 
 down with Boats, by which time I hope we will receive a further supply,, 
 and of the latter, such only as have not obtained Grants of Land and who 
 cannot procure assistance by any other means, aTe vitualled every two 
 weeks. Every man who sold his land (and it is not attended with much 
 difficulty to trace them by the Records) has been struck off. I am sorry 
 for your friends of Block No. 1* who have scarcely a ration left among 
 them. This attention has almost the effect of a second muster. I am 
 persuaded that few casualties! have happened since the last that have not 
 been discovered. 
 
 *Block No. 1 was that situate on the Nashwaak and below it on the River 
 St. John, in the parish of St. Mary’s, York County. It was assigned to the 
 Maryland Loyalists. 
 
 f ‘Casualties’’—the term used in the muster roll as signifying that a man 
 was no longer to be retained on the roll for rations and allowance. The 
 “casualty” might be death, removal from the district, or engaging in some trade 
 or business, and leaving the lands drawn unoccupied instead of settling thereon. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 285 
 
 Your friends are all well. Be pleased to pay my respects to the Com¬ 
 mander in Chief. 
 
 I am Dr. Sir, Your most obed’t Servt. 
 
 Thos. Knox.* 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 31st March, 1785. 
 
 Dear Chip;— * * * * You know I was bom in a 
 
 land of psalmody. For several years together there was nothing heard 
 but old men & women bawling psalms and young men and maids screech¬ 
 ing hymns. There was one old man who was a Teacher & Composer and 
 I remember to have seen him in the very act of composition. He sat by a 
 joint stool with a pen, ink & little book, & between his legs he held a half- 
 grown kitten which he occasionally twigged by the tail or plucked by the 
 ears. I (being a mere novice) asked what the devil he was about? With 
 wonderful simplicity & gravity he answered that out of her squeeling he 
 might possibly pick up a sound that would assist him in forming a tune. 
 
 Application. I’m willing on any occasion to be your kitten only I 
 chuse to squeel without being pinched or pulled. If in the late instance 
 there’s a single note that will contribute to your amusement or assistance, 
 you have only to stroke me and I’ll squeel again. 
 
 I’ll now go on to give you an account of all my proceedings since I 
 
 left you. Tho’ I parted with General C-1 apparently on the best 
 
 terms, received confidential Instructions, &c, &c, you may remember I 
 suggested a possibility that he would be beset, and that the industrious 
 malice of my enemies might excite a jealousy that my respect & attention 
 was withdrawn from him and directed to another object. All this I anti¬ 
 cipated—it however did not hinder the performance of my duty. The 
 first express after I returned to Annapolis brought a full confirmation that 
 I was right in my conjectures. Cool acknowledgements of my letters and 
 implied censures on some parts of my conduct formed my packet from 
 Head Quarters. A spirited, pointed, independent answer saved me from 
 any further inconveniences. I determined on a line of conduct & I pur¬ 
 sued it * * * sat quietly down with my wife & children & 
 
 laughed at their folly. When I thought it necessary I returned, and I 
 
 ’“Thomas Knox was at this time deputy commissary of musters on the River 
 St. John, under direction of Edward Winslow as muster master general. The 
 general muster in 1784 occupied his time from about the first of June to the end 
 of September. He gave the sum total of the Loyalists on the St. John River as: 
 Men, 4,131; women, 1,719; children, 3,068; servants, 441; total, 9,359. 
 
 Even at this early period some of the Loyalists had abandoned their idea 
 of becoming farmers and had deserted their locations. 
 
 fGeneral Campbell, commander in chief of the forces in Nova Scotia. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 was received (as Mr. Thomas says) “with that redundancy of complaisance 
 which men of weak minds are betrayed into by a conviction of error.” I 
 however took not the least notice of the business but returned to the same 
 track of duty which I had formerly pursued and, to appearance, I am now 
 in the same degree of estimation, if not higher, than before my departure, 
 but my thermometer is so peculiarly constructed that the spirit does not 
 circulate with perfect regularity. 
 
 Yet I am not in a situation to make my bow. The very great 
 expenses to which I have been unavoidably exposed, without being guilty 
 of one extravagant action have embarassed me so considerably that I can¬ 
 not immediately quit. If Sally succeeds in England I shall be relieved of 
 what (was I able to support ’em) would not be considered a burden, but 
 in my present situation is a weight which added to my own family fairly 
 sinks me. On her success depends in some degree my operations. I can¬ 
 not leave these unfortunate friends,* and cannot remove them without 
 assistance. If we are fortunate in our application I shall sound a retreat 
 instantly and I have no fears if I can relieve myself from present embar¬ 
 rassments but that with proper industry & economy I shall live like a 
 [word indecipherable.] 
 
 From news that has lately arrived from England it has been con¬ 
 fidently asserted here that a new arrangement of officers will take place in 
 your country & there has been a report by the way of the west that Gov. Ct 
 is certainly appointed to the Province of Canada. If so I may be secure 
 in the appointment originally intended. I however have my doubts upon 
 the subject. As some events may take place of great importance to me, 
 & the military Commandant may be relieved or recalled, in which case 
 ’twould be dishonourable in me to leave him till the final close of his com¬ 
 mand—I mean if near at hand. His next letters may contain a disappro¬ 
 bation of his conduct, and from various considerations I feel engaged to 
 vindicate him. [Remainder wanting.] 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, April 2d, [1785.] 
 
 With every expression of Gratitude I thank you my good Friend for 
 your two last letters. Indeed my dear Chippy it is not you that are under 
 obligations—it is our family that are infinitely indebted to you for every 
 
 *The reference manifestly is to his mother and sisters. Sarah Winslow 
 when in England was greatly assisted by Brook Watson, and the pension 
 secured on that occasion was enjoyed by the mother and sisters throughout 
 the course of their lives. 
 
 t Governor Carleton is meant. Had he gone to Quebec, in all probability 
 Jonathan Odell would have accompanied him, and in that event Winslow hoped 
 to have succeeded as secretary for New Brunswick. 
 
I785J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 287 
 
 friendly affection and delicate attention. The interested part yon have 
 taken in the happiness of our unfortunate family, the tender attachment 
 you discovered for my dear departed Father by innumerable methods to 
 relieve or lessen the inquietudes of his wounded mind—can never, never 
 be forgotten till this heart of mine ceases to heat—& if we are allowed to 
 carry our passions into the other World of Love and Gratitude sure I am 
 my sisterly tenderness and grateful sentiments of you will rest with me 
 above the stars. 
 
 You express an anxious wish to know what our views & intentions are; 
 shall I confess my weakness by assuring you I feel myself a mere machine. 
 I have not judgment to learn what step to take that will be most for our 
 peace; my resolution is miserable, my spirits at a low ebb. With becom¬ 
 ing firmness I supported our first great reverse of fortunes. I bid a long 
 farewell to an elegant house, furniture, native place and all its pleasures 
 with but little emotion save wounded pride. From a great share 
 of vivacity & a tolerable good disposition I was not only reconciled but 
 happy at New York. The banishment to this ruder World you are a wit¬ 
 ness I submitted to with some degree of chearfulness, but alas the shaft of 
 affliction had not then reached me—the final separation from my Father, 
 friend and Companion * * * At times Life is indifferent 
 
 to me & to pleasure I am a stranger. But what a tax am I imposing on 
 you my Friend. My complaints I acknowledge are but a poor reward for 
 your friendship, will you forgive me? From the idea that you will I am 
 more collected & will assure you that in my rational hours I exert every 
 faculty of my mind to know what plan we had better pursue. The original 
 one of building a House on our land near the Manor, I think will be 
 attended with many great inconveniences. * * My inclination 
 
 leads me to prefer Carleton to our rural Retreat—from only this belief 
 that My Mother, Sally & myself cannot be of the least advantage in culti¬ 
 vating lands. We are ignorant & unequal to the undertaking, & my 
 brother now seems to be of that opinion & wishes a small house might be 
 put upon his lot at Carleton. But will not building be too expensive, or 
 can it be done without involving ourselves and friends? * * 
 
 You wish to know how we have spent our time this winter. We 
 really have enjoyed many Blessings; our House is the most comfortable 
 of any one I know; Edward’s office has generously supply’d us with Fuel 
 for three rooms—& don’t think I have secluded myself from visiting & 
 receiving my friends on the Parade. I assure you I sometimes give din¬ 
 ners to a charming circle of Ladies & my suppers are not more humble 
 than those you shared with us in Brewer Lane. 
 
 Mrs. Haliburton’s family & ours are like one, seldom separate. Mrs. 
 Halliburton’s is the most delicate mind in the World, sensible & lively. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 Mary is really a lovely Girl & a most pleasing companion—she spent the 
 last week with me. * * * Col. Ilpham still continues miser¬ 
 
 able. The Rheumatism has attacked him most severely. He can only he 
 removed from the bed to the fire & his impatient spirit renders him an 
 object of compassion. I hope the mild air of May will have an happy 
 effect on him. He thinks if he could be conveyed to [Hew] Brunswick 
 he would be a new man. 
 
 Your other friends are well, pursuing pleasure with ardour. Feasting, 
 card playing & dancing is the great business of Life at Halifax, one eternal 
 round—the votarys of pleasure complain of being fatigued & want variety 
 of amusements. The new Imported Ladies continue to be the Belles. 
 The Princes, Taylors & Halliburtons are totally eclipsed and the Millers, 
 Betsy and Matty Matthews, are the admiration of all the Beaus. The 
 High Sheriff* has been sighing at the feet of Miss Miller. The world take 
 the liberty to condemn her as romantic for rejecting his hand. The New¬ 
 tonian race, who you know are connected with Mr. Green, are mortified & 
 have advised & it is said have prevailed with him to transfer his affections 
 to Harriet Matthews. With this he readily complyed & found her not 
 reluctant. The High Sheriff enjoys all the pomp of this pompous Town 
 and you would, by the style & state he take upon himself, swear he was 
 bom a Halifaxian—gives dinners two or three times a week & tomorrow 
 evening all the Noblesse are to be entertained at his house, a Ball and 
 supper superb. Charming doings is it not, don’t you envy the gay circle? 
 Everybody here has independent fortunes—at least of this I am sure that 
 there is not a family in this place, that figures at all, can spend less than 
 five or six hundred [pounds] a year. The Princes I am really distressed 
 for—the House, the Coach, &c, is to be disposed of—the Ladies are going 
 to New England, the Dr. to New Brunswick; what a cruel reverse. The 
 Attorney GenT & Lady are at the summit of this world’s bliss; they dine 
 with his Excellency one week & his Excellency & Chief Justice with them 
 the next. * * * Not a word from Great Britain. It is 
 
 expected that the St. Lawrence will arrive in a few days. I think Sally 
 Winslow would not dare to cross the Atlantic at this early season. I 
 know not what to wish or expect; some important intelligence must soon 
 reach us, to despair is impious. I will cherish the fond hope that some 
 days of content may yet be alloted to her who is with esteem and affection, 
 Your friend 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 [P. S.] My mother is well; thanks you for your kind remembrance. 
 Your lively rattling friend Sally says she longs to see you and desires her love 
 -*-I beg her pardon, she would not for the world send love, it is compli- 
 
 *The high sheriff was Francis Green. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 ments. She grows very tall & is thought handsome, hut her name is 
 Miller & it is the rage to admire all of that name. To Hailes offer my 
 best wishes. Mr. Marston I hear is exploring the wilds of Brunswick. 
 What think you of Dr. Bayley having serious thoughts of being one of 
 your Province? 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 [Halifax, April, 1785.] 
 
 Confused as my head and this house is, I cannot longer omit writing 
 a line to a Friend so highly esteemed by me as Mr. Chipman—but it must 
 only be to tell you that I have so much to say to you upon what I have 
 seen and heard that I must leave all until I have the pleasure of a month’s 
 conversation with you. * * * All the amusements of the 
 
 Great world which I as largely partook of as perhaps any other being ever 
 did in so short a time [in England], does not alter my determination of 
 becoming an inhabitant of your woody country. Am told the probability 
 is we shall remove soon, which I am perfectly ready and willing to do, 
 provided we can have a house to put out heads in. * * For my 
 
 success in England I for the present refer you to Ned and a few lines I 
 have just now wrote my Cousin Marston. They and my good Friend Mur¬ 
 ray can inform you many particulars respecting me and I will tell you the 
 rest ere long. My obligations to our valuable Friend Coffin I must be 
 silent upon, for all that could be said would not in the least do him justice. 
 
 * * It was in his power and inclination to do more for me than 
 
 the rest of my friends could. From the first hour of my getting to Lon¬ 
 don until he saw me on board ship at Gravesend his every moment was 
 employed in my business and pleasures; how he got time to write you so 
 much I cannot imagine. * * We talked for ever about you and 
 
 I have ten million things to say to you about him and a thousand others, 
 cannot now even mention Mrs. Siddons. 
 
 My friend Murray is this moment unexpectedly called upon to go on 
 board. I can write no more. Bemember me affectionately to Mr. Hailes 
 and all the rest of my friends. I long to see Col. Ludlow. 
 
 Adieu, Blessings attend you prays, 
 
 S. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 4th April, 1785. 
 
 Mr. Deblois is off with my Letters and Mr. James has this instant 
 presented youFs for which I offer my most cordial acknowledgements. I 
 am vastly gratify’d at the success of your application respecting the land. 
 
290 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 I only wish, that .you had applied for your own proportion at the same time 
 and in the same place. In laying ont the 1,000 acres Davidson can, and I 
 hope will, include one of the islands which lie in front of the Gore. Lest 
 he should not attend to this circumstance I wish you would write him. 
 HI relieve you at once from all your anxiety respecting Eason. I never- 
 had the most distant idea of expending or risquing another farthing of 
 money in a saw-mill except the first cost of the irons. My intention was 
 that he should take ’em and give me credit as a Proprietor—that he should 
 be at all the other expense and trouble, and consider me as an owner of 
 such part as that sum would entitle me to. If he has other apprehensions, 
 I’m off. I am too well acquainted with saw-mills to anticipate any great 
 profit from them, but I have experienced so many conveniences from hav¬ 
 ing one in the vicinity of my settlement, that I would not relinquish the 
 project. If Eason will not on any terms undertake the business, I can 
 find others that will. I shall write him particularly. 
 
 The plan must now be materially altered. In our first conversation 
 it was presumed that we were to be joint proprietors of the soil and 
 stream, but as I am now sole proprietor, I shall make one simple proposal 
 to him by this opportunity, which is to take all the materials at Annapolis 
 and perform all the operations of building damming, &c, and I will con¬ 
 sent to allow him one half the profits. This I think will be a good bargain 
 for him and cannot be any detriment to me. 
 
 It’s a devilish good method you have of telling me that you have 
 monstrous serious things to communicate but don’t chuse to, it keeps 
 one’s curiosity alive. Don’t be tired of house-keeping. I’ll soon relieve 
 you if God in his wrath does not punish me for my original sin and all my 
 actual transgressions together, by keeping me in this damnable place. 
 You’ll see by my long letter what my present situation is, I need not re¬ 
 peat my grievances. I think. Chippy, if I can get my family across, that 
 (with the management of my very good wife) we shall be able to live 
 comfortably and without great expense. The instant I can determine on 
 the time of removal I shall notify all parties concerned in form, and (as 
 some people are dull of apprehension and not apt to take hints) I will 
 write plain English. I shall send my own paper closet by the very first 
 conveyance, which you’ll take possession of and keep till I call for it. 
 When I come to New Brunswick I’ll bring another. A sloop sails this 
 day with provisions for St. John’s and I have just returned from an 
 enquiry whether I could get a berth for your closet. I find it’s imprac¬ 
 ticable but I’ll not let another opportunity pass. The vessel is chock full, 
 her hatches battened and the blasted little hole of a cabin is not big enough 
 to receive the thing and I dare not trust such a machine on deck. Mr. 
 Bylcs has also, returned from the Secretary’s office where he made formal 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 291 
 
 application for a copy of Mr. Hauser’s memorial, and I send you Byles’ 
 memorandum. I have made three unsuccessful attempts to see Mr. Bul- 
 keley* but I will persevere. If I fail tomorrow I’ll write to him. I have 
 also consulted Blowers! on the subject. He has in other instances ex¬ 
 perienced the same reluctance to give copies, &c., and he thinks Gov’r 
 Carleton should represent to Gov’r Parr the inconveniences which indi¬ 
 viduals labor under from the repeated refusal of the public officers to 
 perform what everybody supposes their duty. I’ll begin to maneuvre 
 tomorrow, and if that won’t do I’ll try another method which has gener¬ 
 ally succeeded here—that’s bullying. You men in New Brunswick will 
 ere long be convinced that patriotism is not the characteristic of Nova 
 Scotians, and that instead of affording you information and assistance, 
 their envy and malignity will induce ’em to throw every obstacle and 
 impediment in your way. I am astonished that they have not art to con¬ 
 ceal the principles by which they are actuated. Even our friend Sampson+ 
 appears ashamed of their conduct. 
 
 James’s sudden departure obliges me to close my epistle. I hope he’ll 
 overtake Deblois. I give you Byles’ memo, to save myself the trouble of 
 telling the story. I will enlarge on the subject of the Grants when I have 
 opportunity and will collect any information in my powder. 
 
 I flatter myself, costive and cross-grained as they are, I’ll get at the 
 truth, in spite of their teeth. How can you desire me to write all my “dis¬ 
 coveries, views, prospects, and intentions”? Why damn ’em—’tis 
 impossible to describe ’em. My discoveries are innumerable—my views 
 extensive as eternity—my prospects black as H— (sometimes), and my 
 intentions variable as the wind. 
 
 Penn is not dead, at least she says so. She wrote you by Deblois 
 I have not another moment, I therefore cannot write to Marston. Tell 
 him by all means to obtain a lot for me at Frederiek|| He shall hear 
 from me by the very next conveyance. 
 
 Remember me affectionately to neighbor Hazen and Family. Mr. 
 Alexander has undertaken to furnish a set of Piano strings for Mrs. Hud¬ 
 son. Richard Bulkeley accompanied Governor Cornwallis to Nova Scotia 
 in 1749. He became secretary of the province about 1759 and continued in the 
 office under thirteen successive governors, or until 1793, when he retired in favor 
 of his son. On the death of Governor Parr in 1791, he was for a short time 
 administrator of the government of Nova Scotia. He died Dec. 7, 1800, at the 
 age of 83 years, beloved and respected by all classes of society for his amiable 
 qualities. At his death he was judge of the admiralty, grand master of the 
 Free Masons, and brigadier general of militia—a rank never since conferred 
 on any militia officer in Nova Scotia. 
 
 fAttorney general of Nova Scotia. See biographical note under date Sept. 
 25th. 1783. 
 
 ^Attorney General Sampson Salter Blowers. 
 
 || Fredericton evidently is meant. 
 
292 WINSLOW PAPERS. T1785 
 
 low and Fll send ’em as soon as I can get ’em. Remember me to those 
 families. Adieu. God send me a speedy and happy meeting prays 
 
 E. W. 
 
 Edward Winslow to David Eason. 
 
 Halifax, 7th April, 1785. 
 
 D’r Eason,—I have this moment received your letter, and shall see 
 Mr. Forster tomorrow and will enquire about the saw-set, and by the 
 first conveyance I will forward the files. I shall also send round a small 
 quantity of provisions and sundry other articles. I have received a parti¬ 
 cular account from Mr. Chipman relative to his operations in obtaining 
 the land & on the whole I think myself lucky. I shall leave the business 
 of placing the mill entirely to your discretion. I shall occasionally for¬ 
 ward such articles as I can collect here, but it is necessary for me to 
 acquaint you before we begin, that the present embarrassment of my 
 circumstances will effectually prevent me from advancing any further sum 
 of money. 
 
 I have never doubted that a saw-mill in that situation will render 
 a very handsome profit and the value will be greatly enhanced by the late 
 determination to make St. Ann’s the seat of Government. Hew works 
 are going on there very soon—barracks to be built, &c, we shall be sure 
 of a market for our lumber. 
 
 As soon as a ship arrives from England I hope to take my final de¬ 
 parture from this place. Should you get up the river before I arrive, I 
 will follow you. I will afford you every assistance in my power to obtain 
 a good location of land. 
 
 I am very sincerely 
 
 Your Friend, &c, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Benjamin Marston. 
 
 Halifax, 10th April, 1785. 
 
 Dear Marston,—I am delighted with the idea of being abused for not 
 having done justice to the River St. John’s in my attempts to describe it. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 I have not lain under this imputation long. I prophecy’d that Lambton 
 & you would be pleased with your tour, but your ideas of the beauties of 
 St. John’s will be incomplete until you see it with the advantages which 
 nature lavishes on it in summer. 
 
 1 am now shipping the Boys,* Caesar, Frank & Juba, who are to 
 take possession of the point, and carry on such operations as may be judged 
 most beneficial to the proprietors. In the vessel with them I have sent 
 two large casks & inclose you an invoice of the contents. I have also 
 desired my wife to send over to Mr. Chipman a quantity of spades, hoes, 
 axes, pickaxes & other tools, which I request may be issued to them in 
 such manner as you may think best. Caesar is a very discreet fellow, 
 and you know the kind of treatment he has been accustomed to, I there¬ 
 fore need say nothing on that head. Frank promises fair & if he pleases 
 he can be as good a man as any in the world. Juba is a devil—for which 
 reason I thought he would do better with them than with his mistress. 
 I think they may be employed very advantageously in cutting wood & 
 cultivating that part of the land which is cleared. Frank is a tolerable 
 carpenter & with proper directions will be able to cut the timber for the 
 House-frame. The other articles which may arrive from time to time 
 consigned to you can be stored in some dry place. I shall endeavor to 
 make a collection which will be useful to myself & friends, & I hope 
 they will be carefully preserved until my arrival among you. 
 
 A case of Rum & a quantity of Salt are among the articles which 
 Mrs. Winslow will send from Granville, which will be issued in such way 
 as you think best. 
 
 If Mr. Eason consents to my proposal & chuses to go on with the mill 
 business, I shall beg the favour of you to deliver him such articles as 
 he may have occasion for, charging him with ’em—A cask of shoes will 
 be sent by Mrs. Winslow which I purchased here some time agoe. 
 
 It will be necessary that a place be pointed out for the [black] boys 
 to begin to cut, it requires some judgment. I don’t know even the form 
 of the point as the boundaries are now settled. I must therefore leave 
 the matter wholly to Major Coffin & yourself. 
 
 If it’s possible to procure a good Skiff without too great expence, I 
 should be glad to get one for Capt. Caesar, indeed I don’t see how they 
 can well do without one. 
 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 ♦The three black servants or slaves. 
 
294 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 11th April, 1785. 
 
 My dear Chip,—When I tell you thsft Sally is arrived in the St. Law¬ 
 rence and that I am surrounded with letters public and private and that 
 I’ve only half an hour to prepare for the departure of an express-man, you. 
 will allow for the agitation of my mind and suppose it impossible for me 
 to write particularly. To Marston’s letter I refer you for the event of her 
 negotiation and to other letters which I enclose from your friends for all 
 other circumstances. I fell sensibly my dear Fellow for your disappoint¬ 
 ment* altho’ I cannot help hoping that it will not he grievous in the 
 event. Coffin’s letter will undoubtedly announce Bliss’s appointment, and 
 that he is on his passage. I have not a line from Col. Fox, my letter from 
 him is on hoard the “John and Ann” with Dr. Halyburton. Beports in 
 England were current that Gov’r C. was to he removed to Canada and that 
 it rested with Fox to determine whether he would succeed him or not. 
 
 I am endeavoring to close my matters with all possible dispatch that 
 I may be able to join you. I anticipate no impediments but I may meet 
 with ’em. The two Murray’s and their sisters were passengers with Sally. 
 Dan is endeavoring to settle his business ’tis uncertain how it will termin¬ 
 ate, t Young Sewell is on board the “John & Ann” as is Sproule and 
 several others. I shall at all events wait her arrival. I enclose you my 
 original letter from Mr. Watson, at which I am gratify’d. It may afford 
 the Gov’r pleasure to see it. The seed referred to shall be sent if possible 
 by this conveyance. 
 
 There’s no other news of consequence that I have heard except a 
 change of Commodores. Sir Chariest goes home and a Capt. Sawyer re¬ 
 lieves him. The Commissioner is appointed one of the Commissioners of 
 the navy. John Temple has the appointment of a Consul General in Am¬ 
 erica. Colonel Morse is married and ’tis said comes out Chief Engineer to 
 Quebec. Mr. Mann is appointed Engineer for N. Brunswick and a Mr. 
 Aylwin, formerly a sinecure paymaster at Cape Breton, is to pay the 
 Troops in your Province. 
 
 Sally brought a box for you which she says has parchment in it, but 
 that Tom Coffin enjoined it upon her that she should not send it to jST. B. 
 
 ^Respecting the appointment of attorney general which the home govern¬ 
 ment bestowed on Jonathan Bliss, although Ward Chipman had been recom¬ 
 mended by Governor Carleton and had been acting in the capacity of attorney 
 general since the appointment of S. S. Blowers as attorney general of Nova 
 Scotia. See Canadian Archives for 1895, under the head of New Brunswick, 
 pp. 3, 4 and 8. 
 
 fFrom an expression in a letter among the Chipman papers written by 
 Thos. A. Coffin, dated at London, Aug. 27, 1785, viz.: “How comes on Sally with 
 Dan?” it would appear that a flirtation was in progress between Major Murray 
 and Sarah Winslow but nothing came of it. See extract from this letter under 
 date 27 Aug., 1785. 
 
 JSir Charles Douglas was commodore at Halifax. 
 
17851 WINSLOW PAPERS. 295 
 
 without your express orders for the purpose. I don’t understand it. 
 
 I have a letter half finished relative to the papers you wrote about. I 
 can make no addition to it now, but the instant I can fetch my breath I 
 will have at it. 
 
 Once more believe me, 
 
 Yours, Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to His Wife. 
 
 Halifax, 13th April, 1785. 
 
 I suppose the express man will overtake Joe hut I don’t care. I’ll 
 write again. 
 
 Nothing has yet transpired to enable me to fix a time for my depar¬ 
 ture, but I most ardently hope it will be soon. If the General consents to 
 make me an extra allowance for my trouble & services, which I have ap- 
 ply’d for, I can settle all my affairs & leave this town in one month without 
 embarrassment, but I dare not speak of it for fear it may influence him in 
 his decision. He (at present) does not suspect that I intend to be off so 
 soon. Murray & his Brother will be with you in a few days—you know 
 they love good eating & drinking therefore provide in season for ’em. 
 Sally is busy in packing your fine tasty Cap & Bonnet in a large Band- 
 Box which I’ll send in a sloop now loading for Annapolis. 
 
 Go on with all your operations of gardening, &c., because if we move. 
 I’ll reap the benefit by leaving somebody to take care of it. 
 
 I send you the London papers to 2nd March, when you can spare ’em 
 send them to Williams & Thompson. Buss the babies. I wish I cou'd 
 buss the mother. 
 
 Affectionately & everlastingly Yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 21st April, 1785. 
 
 In my last I inclosed a memorandum from Mr. Byles relative to his 
 application for transcripts from the public records at this place. 
 
 Since that time several circumstances have taken place which I shall 
 endeavor to state with as much candor as I am capable of. 
 
 On finding that Byles’s application was unsuccessful and that the 
 answers to him had been evasive and in some degree rude, I thought neces¬ 
 sary to make a serious business of it. I accordingly had an interview with 
 the Secretary and Surveyor General together. In my exordium I stated: 
 —That they might entertain ideas that my intentions were to perplex and 
 embarrass them. I assured them they were mistaken. That I had no 
 
296 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 other motive hut to assist in elucidating a business important to Society, 
 and which now wore the appearance of darkness and mistery. I acquaint¬ 
 ed them explicitly that a process in Chancery would be instituted against 
 Hauser’s Patent, and that I came not to request but to demand authenti¬ 
 cated copies of the original memorial and all the subsequent papers re¬ 
 specting that grant, and I presumed if I was refused that it would be done 
 with every mark of official formality. To my astonishment they both 
 say’d, they were uncertain whether any memorial had been presented 
 In many instances grants were made on personal aud verbal applications, 
 and it frequently happened when petitions were preferred that those peti¬ 
 tions were considered as insignificant papers and were not preserved. I 
 replied as decently as I could, That I only wanted facts relative to this 
 particular grant. If no memorial had been presented, I wished to know 
 in what way the patent was obtained. If by personal or verbal application 
 —what were the peculiar pretentions of the man, and (in short) on what 
 principles the land was granted him. I was told very politely—that en¬ 
 quiry should be made and satisfaction given me. Mr. Morris particularly 
 assured me that so far as related to him, either in his private or official 
 capacity, he would give me all the information which he could obtain on 
 the subject. 
 
 Several days elapsed. I at length met Mr. Morris in a chearful com¬ 
 pany at his house. He with great freedom introduced the subject and told 
 me that the original memorial was found, and that he would apply for 
 Licence to furnish me with a copy and in confidence he showed me the 
 memorial. I observed a Certificate from the Chief Justice setting forth the 
 merit of the applicant, &c, and another Certificate from Mr. Morris pro¬ 
 testing against the grant because 300 acres of interval was more than any 
 individual was entitled to. 
 
 I told him at once that the appearance of any clandestine or secret 
 management in a matter of this nature was extremely painful to me, that 
 I wanted nothing but the most open communication, and that, with his 
 permission, I would apply again for copies of all the papers. He very 
 readily consented, and the day following I repeated my application at the 
 Secretary’s office and obtained the inclosed paper Ho. 1, which I considered 
 as a very imperfect history of the business without the two Certificates, and 
 as Mr. Morris had professed a desire to assist me, I thought it a matter of 
 civility in turn to acquaint him that I had received a partial transcript 
 without his Certificate, and that unless I could procure more complete 
 state of facts, I should be under the necessity of transmitting the papers 
 as they now stood, as I did not feel myself authorized to relate any part of 
 the conversation which had passed between us, or to avail myself of any 
 information which had been confidentially communicated. He considered 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 297 
 
 himself obliged, and decidedly affirmed that unless he obtained every 
 necessary paper properly attested by the Secretary he would attest the 
 copies himself. 
 
 I presume that I shall receive all the papers from some quarter or 
 other tomorrow. Whether they are to the purpose or not, I shall not pre¬ 
 tend to say, nor will I comment on such undignified conduct in the princi¬ 
 pal officers of a country. * * * 
 
 22nd April. The Surveyor-General has called in propria persona and 
 acquaints me “That he is positively forbid to furnish any information on 
 the subject of Frederick Hauser’s Grant.” But adds that I shall hear from 
 him again. * * * 
 
 The venerable Foster Hutchinson* has just called to shew me a mem¬ 
 orial to Gov’r Carleton which will be forwarded by this conveyance to Col. 
 Putnam, t and it is one of my serious requests that you will see it and afford 
 him all the assistance in your power. 
 
 Don’t forget Ferdinand Redding. f 
 
 I believe by this time you are pretty sure of my existence in this sub¬ 
 lunary world. You are an unconscionable fellow "if you want to see an¬ 
 other line this month. From your 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Certificate of Mr. Morris. 
 
 The Tract of the Township of Maugerville on the River Saint John 
 was by the late Surveyor-General ordered to be divided into one hundred 
 and one Farm Lots, extending one mile deep into the country, or there¬ 
 abouts, and every grantee having one of these lots assigned him was under¬ 
 stood to be entitled to have one thousand acres to be made up to him in an 
 after division, and for half a lot five hundred acres; and the grants made 
 since the general grant in 1765 have been in that proportion (except one 
 or two Maugers|| and the heirs of Sayer§).The General Grant was made at 
 a time when there was a great crowd of business in the publick offices on 
 
 * Judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts, and brother of Governor 
 Thomas Hutchinson, the last royal governor of Massachusetts. He died in 
 Nova Scotia in 1799. 
 
 fJudge Putnam, ex-attorney general of Massachusetts, and an old friend 
 and comrade of Chipman and Hutchinson. 
 
 t'A son of Mrs. Redding of Granville, mentioned in a former letter. 
 
 || Joshua Mauger was the friend and patron of the Maugerville grantees. 
 After these settlers had agreed on their location, and it had actually been 
 surveyed, they were informed their lands had been reservd by order of the 
 King in council for retired officers of the army and navy. Joshua Mauger had 
 been a merchant in Nova Scotia, had returned to England and had been elected 
 a member of parliament. He so effectually championed their cause that they 
 were confirmed in possession of their grant, and as a token of gratitude they 
 gave to their township the name of Maugerville. 
 
 §Rev. John Sayre, first rector of Maugerville. 
 
298 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 account of the Stamp Act’s taking place and the people pressing hard for 
 their grants to save the stamp duties. In this hurry in making out the 
 Grant they have called a Right* five hundred acres., when it was intended 
 that every Right in that Township should he a thousand acres on account 
 of the Grantees being the first adventurers, and also on account of there 
 being a very great proportion of sunken lands and lakes within the limits 
 of that Township. 
 
 Charles Morris, 
 
 Surveyor General. 
 
 21st April, 1785. -- 
 
 Andrew Kinnear to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Particulars collected at Cumberland and its neighbourhood relative 
 to matters mentioned in an Extract of a letter from Brook Watson Esq to 
 Edward Winslow Esq, dated the 6th August, 1784. 
 
 Lumber. The Rivers Coeaigne and Richibucto are allowed to be the 
 best for white pine; there is a small quantity at Ramcheg. At Petitcoodi- 
 ack there are great plenty of Elm, Ash, Rock-Maple, Spruce, Black birch, 
 and a little white pine. At Chipotee the same. The whole country 
 abounds with building Timber and any quantity may be had either ready 
 framed, or squared into scantling. 
 
 Saw Mills. We have only four in the whole country, and they are but 
 indifferent, scarce sufficient to serve the home consumption, but many 
 might be erected if encouragement was given, particularly to the eastward 
 and northward. Coeaigne is particularly well calculated for saw mills and 
 the lumber trade might be carried on there to a, great extent. 
 
 Fish. At Merimich.ee the Inhabitants expected, according to former 
 experience, to take 4,000 tierces of salmon last year, half of which might 
 be caught on Messrs Cort & Davison’s lands. Many places in the Bay of 
 Chaleurs are allowed to be very advantageous for salmon fishery. The 
 most advantageous salmon fishery is supposed to be in the River Risti- 
 gouch, they are not so delicate but are as large again as those at Merimiche, 
 some 40 lb. weight. The Rivers Rishebuctoo and Phillip are famed for 
 salmon, but no Inhabitants are yet settled on those Rivers. In the River 
 Merimiche there are immense quanties of Shad, and Sturgeon, which the 
 Inhabitants will not take the trouble to salt. There is good authority for 
 saying that three men in a Shallop have taken in three months, say June, 
 July and August, 500 Quintals of Cod-fish in the Bay of Chaleurs. After 
 August they take their course to the northward of the Island Saint John, 
 where they may be pursued to great advantage in large vessells. The fish 
 called Gaspereau, are to be found in immense quantities here as well as to 
 the East. 
 
 *A “Right” is equivalent to a lot or share of land. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 M9 
 
 Skipping. None here whatever. 
 
 Cattle. Neat Cattle may he spared from the County of Cumberland 
 this year to the amount of six hundred head, and eight hundred for the 
 year 1786. From a hundred and sixty to two hundred Horses can he also 
 spared yearly, with oats to the amount of two or three thousand bushells 
 for their use. For Ballast for vessels, there are Grind stones, and Coals in 
 abundance to be found at the Joggins, within twelve miles of Ft. Cumber¬ 
 land. 
 
 The above information is all that could be collected in so short a time 
 that with safety could be relied upon. As to the prices they are fluctuat¬ 
 ing and unsteady. Good beef by a single cow or ox is now sold for 3d. per 
 pound; in large quantities it will of course be less. Tollerable good horses 
 from £12 to £15, others from £8 to £12. The frame of a House 40 feet by 
 30, may be bought here for about £30 or £35; when numbers will be wanted 
 it is expected they will be less. Lumber is dearer here than in any part 
 of the two provinces but that is owing to scarcity of mills. As to the price 
 of fish I cannot get any intelligence that can be depended on. 
 
 A. Kinnear. 
 
 Cumberland, 28th April, 1785. 
 
 Ladies at Sheet Harbor to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sheet Harbour* 28th April, 1785. 
 
 Sir,—Pardon the liberty of this address, which not only your public 
 capacity prompts us to, but also your esteemed, humane, & polite charac¬ 
 ter in sympathizing with the distressed. 
 
 On learning the General was pleased to give certain gifts of donations 
 to the women and children of the disbanded soldiers’ wives and children in 
 this settlement, ourselves and families excepted, the General was pleased to 
 give for fifty women and children including our families we have sixty 
 nine women and children here. 
 
 We have done ourselves the honor to inclose a memorial for the Gen¬ 
 eral, praying he would be pleased to indulge us &' families with the same 
 donations the women & children have got, and we cannot allow ourselves 
 to doubt of your polite & humane interference in our behalf. We beg 
 leave Sir, to say that tho’ our husbands are reduced subalterns, yet we find 
 it a small pittance to maintain our large families here tho’ in the woods. 
 Each of our husbands have before now experienced your goodness and we 
 
 *Sheet Harbor is on the south coast of Nova Scotia, about fifty miles east 
 of Halifax. Here between one and two hundred Loyalists were settling. Col. 
 Winslow’s goodness of heart and well known willingness to oblige caused him 
 to be beset with appeals to assist the unfortunate. 
 
WINSLOW PAFERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 beg leave to add that we shall ever most gratefully retain a proper sense 
 of this polite attention to those who have the honor to he Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient and very humble Servants, 
 
 Mary Sutherland, 
 Mary Sutherland, 
 Mary Olding, 
 
 Our husbands are Lieuteants fm. Sutherland & N. P. Olding, late Royal 
 Garrison Battalion; and Lieut. Alex’r Sutherland, late Colonel Gore- 
 ham’s Regim’t. 
 
 N. B. Our three families consist of 8 women & 11 children. We 
 never knew the other women had petitioned the General and left our fami¬ 
 lies out, till they divided the donations. 
 
 Colonel Edward Winslow to His 'Wife. 
 
 Halifax, 29th April, 1785. 
 
 My dear Wife,—The long expected ship has now arrived and to give 
 you some idea of my anxiety I enclose you a copy of a paragraph of the 
 Secretary of State’s letter to General Campbell, by which you will see what 
 a narrow chance I have run of being irretrievably ruined. To save you 
 from feeling too poignant distress I also inclose part of Mr. Thompson’s 
 letter to me; you will observe by that that my half pay is settled. 
 
 I am now my dearest Girl furnished with a fair pretence for quitting 
 this unpleasant situation. I have this day announced my intention to the 
 General. He bears it like a philosopher. I hope to be able to settle all 
 my accounts in about a fortnight from this time and then—and then my 
 dearest wife I shall fly to your arms never again (I hope) to separate. 
 I flatter myself that with a little assistance T shall be able to quit Halifax 
 without losing credit. 
 
 I think no time should be lost in sending across everything which we 
 can spare. All the packages in the store may be sent by the very first con¬ 
 veyance, Ferdinand will have the goodness to assist. Pack up all your 
 bottles, cyder and every other spare thing. Have you sent for the old 
 Seine? the salt, &c, &c? You need not give yourself unnecessary trouble 
 about fencing, gardening, &c. Everything that can Tie done with perfect 
 convenience should, however, be performed because ’twill enhance the rent. 
 If any body applies tell them that the House will be left by us before the 
 first of June, and let them make their proposals. I do not know whether 
 it may not be best for Ferdinand to advertize:— 
 
 “ That elegant House now occupied by the Honourable E. W., one of 
 iC His Majesty’s Council for the Province of Hew Brunswick, consisting of 
 “ four beautiful Rooms on the first Floor, highly finished. Also two spa- 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 301 
 
 “ cious lodging chambers in the second story—a capacious dry cellar with 
 “ arches &c. &c. &c. The House is delightfully situated at Granville on 
 “ the Banks of the Annapolis River. In the summer you have every ad- 
 “ vantage from the Fogs and in the winter an enchanting view of the ice. 
 “ The Garden produces the most desirable vegetables and Fruit and there’s 
 “ a prodigious fine Green-House, Goose-House, Pig-House and t’other 
 “ House. The Stables are in a stile peculiarly elegant, and there’s a large 
 “ store newly erected. 
 
 “ N. B. The chimnies never smoke and all the Cats will be sold with 
 “the lease. For further particulars enquire of Macfarling Esq., Agent 
 “ and Attorney to Madam Winslow.” 
 
 You must get a devilish deal of money surely for a lease of such a 
 House. 
 
 The idea of soon seeing you has set me into a frolic. May Heaven 
 grant that no untoward accident happens to detain me. 
 
 I have bought a suit of Baby linen for little Ned—a most extrava¬ 
 gantly fine collection. I have also got you another loose muslin Gown 
 made in a new stile. 
 
 29th April, Friday. You little lazy, ill temper’d jade, how dare you 
 let the express-man set off without a line. I wish I had hold of your ear. 
 I’d give you a pinch that would make you squeak again. Thank Ferdin¬ 
 and for his letters. If Mr. Macfarling will not take what you offer him, 
 let him seek his recompence. I’ll not give him a farthing more. I am 
 vastly glad that you are satisfied with Magee and his wife. I hope they 
 will continue to please you. 
 
 On serious consideration I think it will he best for me to hire horses 
 at this place. The trouble and expense of sending Jack will be nearly 
 equal to the hire. 
 
 I shall not send molasses, flour or anything else to Annapolis but will 
 send everything to St. John’s. Your little things will be put in my port¬ 
 manteau. I have nothing more to say only that I am your faithful 
 
 Edward. 
 
 My mother’s family will sail in about a fortnight. Let every part 
 of the old Marquie be collected, repaired and put in the best order possible. 
 Don’t fail of this as I shall certainly want it. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, Sunday, 8th May, 1785. 
 
 My dear Chip,—I have only time to acknowledge the receipt of yours 
 with the inclosures for England and to congratulate you that they arrived 
 just in time for the St. Lawrence. The Governor’s dispatches I have 
 
302 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 this instant delivered with the General’s to Capt. Ilartcup of the En¬ 
 gineers, all the others which came to my care I have delivered to Wyat; 
 acquaint the Governor of this circumstance. 
 
 Now my dear fellow—; This is Sunday, Tuesday next I set off for 
 Annapolis, where I hope to meet a letter from you informing me what 
 success you have had in your effort to obtain a house for my mother; by 
 that event my motions will be regulated. If you have not been able to 
 obtain one, I must remain a little while longer at Granville; if you have 
 I dash instantly, wife, children and everything else for [New] Brunswick. 
 I have manoeuvred for a passage for them without expense in a fine large 
 ship belonging to Cochran. They take with them everything of their 
 property and a years provisions, and for effecting all this I deserve the 
 highest rank among clever fellows. Now if you, Hazen, Coffin, Marston, 
 Hailes, &c, &c, will procure a good comfortable Box for ’em and arrange 
 matters so that the first impression will be pleasing you shall be placed 
 in the second rank of clever fellows and remain there to all eternity. I 
 acknowledge it would distress me immensely to remain any time at Gran¬ 
 ville, but I have no alternative unless they can be accomodated with a 
 house* by themselves. 
 
 By the ship which takes them I shall send every package which 
 belongs to you. I hope the contents of some of ’em have not been con¬ 
 taminated in this infernal place. I intend if possible to coax Gregoryt 
 to cross the Bay of Fundy when he comes to Annapolis. Don’t fail writ¬ 
 ing me immediately on receipt of this. 
 
 I hope Hazen has repaired or is repairing our habitation. No man 
 was ever more agitated, befluttered, and bedevil’d than. 
 
 Your Ned. 
 
 Sunday 15th May; Annapolis-Royal. 
 
 Here I am dear Chip—distressed that this letter has not reached you. 
 I will remain here until I hear from you, which for Heaven’s sake don’t 
 delay a moment. Dightf (who is a man to whom I am obliged, and 
 entitled to your civilities of course)—with his friend Lawson, will tell you 
 how anxious I am, and relate every circumstance respecting me. To 
 them I refer you. Consider my impatience and relieve your affectionate 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 ♦The mother and sisters of Col. Winslow on their arrival at St. John were about 
 to take possession of a house belonging to Col. Wm. Tyng, at a rental of £40 per 
 annum; but the house being out of repair and unsuitable for their accomodation, 
 Ward Chipman agreed to exchange houses, the one in which he was living at Port¬ 
 land Point being more convenient and comfortable. 
 
 fGregory Townsend. 
 
 JThe reference is to John Butler Bight, merchant of Halifax, at this time 
 acting as agent for supplying provisions, &c., to the Loyalists. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Lieut. Col. James Chalmers to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New Castle on Delaware, 15th May, 1785 
 
 Dear Sir,—Soon after I had the pleasure of seeing you I embarked 
 for Maryland, and having had a passage of 39 days I could not before 
 Spring arrange my affairs. I now proceed to England with vouchers of 
 the sale of my Estate, which for this country may be termed a noble one. 
 
 As I have had it much at heart to settle in your province. I am very 
 anxious to endeavour that the lands destined to the Maryland Corps* may 
 be placed on such footing that an impartial division may be made to all 
 those interested. May I be permitted to suggest that your humane and 
 generous attention to me when I had the pleasure of seeing you at Halifax, 
 encourages me to solicit a state of this matter to enable me to lay it before 
 the minister, which I am determined to do with firmness. My address 
 is No. 7, Fountain Court, Strand. 
 
 I hope to have the pleasure of paying my respects to you next October, 
 mean time I beg leave to add that I have the honor to be with most perfect 
 respect, Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Js. Chalmers, t 
 
 Jacob Troop’s Receipt for Rent. 
 
 Granville, 23rd May, 1785. 
 
 Received of Edward Winslow, Esq., ten shillings currency, which with 
 five pounds ten shillings received of Mrs. Winslow the 1st Sept’r, 1784, is 
 in full for one years rent of a House in Granville with an acre of ground 
 adjoining, late the property of Jeremiah Webbe deceased, commencing the 
 21st of April 1783, and ending the 21st of April, 1784. 
 
 Jacob Troop4 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Quebec, 5th June, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—You will hardly expect to have a letter from me dated at 
 this place, but it so happened that sailing from Halifax 23rd April in the 
 Hermione Frigate, intending to land at Cape Breton, we found ourselves 
 
 *The Maryland Loyalists, under Capt. Patrick Kennedy, settled, as already 
 stated in these notes, in the parish of St. Marys, opposite Fredericton. 
 
 fThe commission of Lieut. Col. James Chalmers in the Maryland Loyalists 
 bears date October 14, 1777. He was a man of good position in Maryland. The 
 corps was raised through his efforts. 
 
 JJacob Troop was a prominent man in the early history of Annapolis County and 
 some information concerning him will be found in Calnek and Savary’s History of 
 Annapolis. The dates in the receipt above seem to show that the house at Granville 
 was rented April, 21, 1783, but Edward Winslow could not have arrived at Annapolis 
 till a little later as he was in New York as late as the 18th April on or about which 
 date he sailed for Nova Scotia. 
 
304 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 there embarrassed with ice, & the country covered with snow. * * * 
 
 We came on to this place to refit & repair. Tomorrow we sail for Spanish 
 Eiver, from thence to Miramichi, Tatamagouche, &c, & not impossibly by 
 one of those Rivers into St. Johns. 
 
 In the mean time permit me very earnestly to intreat your good offices 
 for a worthy and distressed Family in this place in procuring justice for 
 them. Archibald McNeil, late of Boston, was too much respected to be 
 unknown to you, his remaining family have equal merit. He relinquished 
 a valuable property in N. England and loyally continued attached to Gov¬ 
 ernment. His property shared the same fate as others in similar circum¬ 
 stances, but he had some consolation in possessing Lot No. 3 or No. 59 
 in Gage Town on St John’s river, originally granted to John Fenton. 
 Mr. McNeil represented his case to Gov’t Parr, who promised to confirm 
 his title & that it should not be escheated. Mr. McNeil goes to Quebec, 
 and returning to occupy his land & prepare it for the reception of his 
 family he unfortunately lost his life, as you may have heard.* The widow 
 and children have now their greatest dependence on this property, and I 
 hope thro your kind aid it will be recovered and established to them. 
 My friend Col. Winslow is well acquainted with the circumstances, and I 
 am sure, if he is with you, will readily exert his influence and abilities 
 in a cause of the most signal humanity and incontestible justice, as this 
 most surely is. I am sure that Judge Ludlow must be the friend of our 
 solicitation and that Gov’r Carleton will protect it. I freely confess to 
 you, my dear Sir, that I am exceedingly interested for the success of this 
 matter, and will rejoice thankfully to acknowledge every exertion made 
 
 * Archibald McNeil of Boston went to Halifax with the Royal army on the 
 evacuation of that place in 1776. He was proscribed and banished. He went 
 to Boston on business in 1784 and was committed to jail, but finally allowed to 
 rejoin his family at Quebec. In the month of August in the same year as he 
 was journeying from Quebec to Halifax he was murdered by an Indian when 
 asleep in the woods. In November this Indian was tried and convicted in 
 the court of King’s Bench at Quebec. The place where the offence was com¬ 
 mitted is described in the indictment as “near unto the village of Madawaska, 
 in the district of Quebec, in the province of Quebec.” In the Quebec Gazette 
 of the 11th of November, 1784, there is an account of the execution of this 
 Indian, and the case is remarkable for the commutation of the mode of execu¬ 
 tion ordered by the governor, with the advice of the council. This will appear 
 in the following extract from the minutes of the council : There were present 
 at the meeting of the council His Excellency Frederick Haldimand, governor; 
 the Hon. Henry Hamilton, lieutenant governor, and ten members of council. 
 
 “ His excellency the governor laid before the council a sentence pronounced 
 “ this day (Nov. 3, 1784), against an Indian named Charles Nichau Noiste, 
 “condemning him to be hanged by the neck until he be dead, and stated that 
 “ application had been made to his excellency by the friends and relations of 
 “ the culprit, the Indians of his nation, and the Indians of other nations, to 
 “ change the punishment pronounced by the law, into that of shooting, which 
 “ is more consonant to the ideas of savages. The council having weighed the 
 “ matter and the consequences that might ensue, were of opinion unanimously 
 “ that the punishment should be changed, and that the said Charles Nichau 
 “ Noiste should be shot in place of hanged.” 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 305 
 
 in their favour. As there will he Expresses returning to this place, I 
 shall be much obliged if you will write a line to Mrs. McNeil with your 
 advice & opinion on their case, & with such directions as you may think 
 prudent for them to pursue. If it is conveyed under cover to Lieut. 
 Gov’r Hamilton in Gov’r C/s envelope, it will be safely expedited. Excuse 
 this application but in such a case I feel myself assured that you will 
 participate in the motives that occasion it, and most obligingly aid therein 
 to the grateful sensibilities of 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 . Your very faithful 
 
 humble serv’t, 
 
 , J. Wentworth. 
 
 P. S. May I request you would be so good as to present my regards 
 to Col. Winslow, if he should be with you, also to Mr. Marston, Ludlows, 
 Willard, Sproule, Mr. Hazen & family, &c. 
 
 Thomas Williams to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Annapolis, 6th June, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your favour of the 2nd gave us great pleasure to hear that 
 you had so fine a passage and I sincerely hope your situation at St. John’s 
 will prove in every respect agreeable. You must undoubtedly be anxious 
 for the arrival of the ship, but you need be under no apprehension for 
 her safety as she had not left Halifax this day week. It will not be in 
 my power to send you the Pork till her arrival, our store being quite 
 exhausted. * * * 
 
 Mrs. Williams and Tom desire to join me in their best compliments, 
 and I am with sincere Regard, dear Sir, 
 
 Your very obedient, humble servant, 
 
 Thos. Williams.* 
 
 Circular Letter to Heads of Departments. 
 
 Fort Howe, June 10, 1785. 
 
 Sir,—I am directed to acquaint you that by order of Major General 
 Campbell a Board of Accounts, of which Capt. Balfour f is President, is 
 instituted at this place for the purpose of examining the Publick Accounts 
 of the Army in the District of New Brunswick, you will therefore as soon 
 
 *See biographical note under date October 24th, 1783, in this book. 
 fCaptain Wm, Balfour commanded the garrison at this time. He afterwards 
 rose to the rank of major-general. He was administrator of goverment in 
 the province for a short time in 1811. He died suddenly at Fredericton on the 
 2nd December, in that year, aged 52 years. 
 
306 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 as the accounts of your department can he prepared give notice thereof to 
 Capt. Balfour in order that the Board may be assembled to examine the 
 same. 
 
 Ensign Lambton, Asst. Engr., Fort Howe; Fred Wm. Hecht, Esq’r, 
 Asst. Commissary, Fort Howe; Wm. Garden, Esq, Asst. Commissary, St. 
 Anne’s Point; Lt. Dugald Campbell, Asst. Engineer, St. Anne’s Point; 
 Gelham Taylor, Esq’r, Asst. Commissary, St. Andrews. 
 
 Instructions to Edward Winslow Esq. appointed to muster Loyalists 
 and Disbanded Troops, issued by Major General John Campbell, Command¬ 
 ing all the Forces in His Majesty’s Dominions in North America, lying on 
 the Atlantic Ocean, &c. &e. &c. 
 
 You are hereby authorised to muster all the Loyalists and Disbanded 
 Troops settling in the Province of New Brunswick, and you will be pleased 
 to communicate your orders and instructions to His Excellency Governor 
 Carleton, and consult with him respecting the most effectual method of 
 performing the service on which you are employed. Previous to a muster 
 of any Corps or Class you will give due and public notice of the time 
 when, and the place where, you intend to take the muster, and you will 
 direct that fair Rolls be prepared of each Corps or Class, specifying the 
 names, sex, age and description of every individual contained therein, and 
 the said Rolls are to be certified by two, at least, of the officers or Principal 
 men of the Corps or Class thus mustered. 
 
 When the muster of any Corps or Class is completed you will for¬ 
 ward a Report thereof to the nearest Commissary and certify that the 
 Men, Women and Children named therein, are actually present and are 
 by the King’s Instructions entitled to their proportion of the Royal Bounty 
 of Provisions, which Report, with your signature, will be his voucher for 
 issuing the same. 
 
 A copy of my instructions to the Board appointed to examine the 
 claims of Persons applying for Provisions at Halifax will be here¬ 
 with presented you. You will endeavor to comply with the spirit and 
 intention of those Instructions as nearly as circumstances will admit, and 
 whenever you find any Person or Persons who are not within the de¬ 
 scription of Persons pointed out in those Instructions, you will exclude 
 them from your Returns. And if in the course of your enquiry any 
 abuses are discovered you will endeavor, with the assistance of His Excel¬ 
 lency the Governor, and the Commissary, to have them corrected and to 
 ieport the names of any Persons who may have been guilty of imposition. 
 
 You will as soon as possible transmit to Head Quarters a General 
 Return of your doings, with particular returns of all Persons mustered 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 307 
 
 within your District, as well as to His Excellency Governor Carleton. 
 Given under my Hand at Head Quarters, Halifax, the 17th day of June, 
 1785. 
 
 John Campbell, M. Geu’l. 
 
 H. M. Gordon to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 20th June, 1785. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Shaw’s* report of the abuses that have been com¬ 
 mitted in the issue of the Bounty of Government at Chedabuctout has 
 induced the General to direct a muster of the different Settlements in 
 both Provinces. The mode pursued last year is to be adopted this. Mr. 
 Shaw is to go to Shelburne, O’Brien to Windsor, Kenticoot, &c. &c., and 
 I have wrote to John Robinson to request he may take his former District. 
 The General relying on your readiness has directed me to request you may 
 have the goodness to name some person as you shall think proper to be 
 employed on this service in Hew Brunswick, who may be approved by the 
 Governor. He will receive the same Pay as last year, and the Garrison 
 Boat ordered to attend him. A blank instruction is enclosed you and 
 printed copies of the usual advertisements. What stationery may be 
 wanting will he allowed. 
 
 I do not know what saving this Muster may make in your Province, 
 but I am convinced in this, the expense will he amply justified. 
 
 I am, most sincerely, Dear Winslow, 
 
 Your friend and humble servant, 
 
 H. M. Gordon* 
 
 William Garden to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, 28th June, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—By the receipt of your official letter of the 11th inst,, I 
 was made happy by hearing of your arrival at St. John, and I have since 
 heard that your family are also arrived, and that you mean to stay with 
 us, a circumstance which affords myself and your friends at St. Anns very 
 great satisfaction, and we are not without hope that it may suit your views 
 to take up your residence at this place. 
 
 ♦William Shaw, provost marshal to the forces in Nova Scotia. 
 
 fin the County of Guysborough, where many of the Carolina Loyalists had 
 already abandoned their farms, but their rations continued to be drawn by their 
 comrades. 
 
 JHugh Mackay Gordon was still by rank a lieutenant, but filled the position 
 of brigade major to Gen. Campbell. In the year 1815 he had attained the rank 
 of a major general in the British army. He was a particularly warm friend of 
 Edward Winslow, and on the visit of the latter to England in 1805 rendered him 
 essential service. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 You have greatly served us already, and I doubt not are disposed to 
 make us more obliged to you, and believe me the Country never wanted 
 your help more than it does at present. All our promising views and 
 hopes will be blasted, and the settlement must fail if flour or bread is not 
 immediately sent up, let it come from where it may. Major Murray will 
 inform you of the situation of the unfortunate people, and I flatter my¬ 
 self your goodness of Heart will induce you "to become their Advocate for 
 relief. If I can in any manner be useful to you here have the goodness 
 to command me. 
 
 I am dear Sir, Your most Obed’t & much obliged serv’t 
 
 Wm. Garden. 
 
 Captain ft. F. Brownrigg* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miramichi, 29th June, 1785. 
 
 Sir,—I make bold to write to you, as I have not the honor of being 
 known to His Excellency, to request that you will be so good as to have 
 me included in the Grant of Lands on this River. I arrived here the 
 12th instant and have opened a Store for the present at a Mr. Mark 
 Delesdemieffs where I must remain until I get an House of my own. He 
 informs me that Mr. Micheaux a Surveyor has been here and laid out the 
 Land in 200 acre lots, whereby there are two Lots become vacant between 
 Mr. Frederick Delesdemier and William Drisdell. About the centre of 
 these two Lots are the Logs of an Hutt which I.am getting covered for 
 a Store, opposite to which I have put down a salmon Nett to try what 
 success I shall have as a fisherman. 
 
 As one of these Lots is without water and neither of them Fishing 
 Places, I hope with your assistance to have a Grant of both by which I 
 shall be enabled to make a tolerable Farm there in time. 
 
 A melancholy accident happened here last Monday afternoon : an old 
 man, named John Fitzgerald went out to set a Nett and was drowned. 
 He fell out of a canoe. He was found yesterday. 
 
 I should think it very necessary to have a Coroner here as several people 
 have been drowned and no one to enquire how. If there is not any one 
 here or coming here that His Excellency would choose to appoint, I, for 
 the benefit of the Public, offer my services, though as I am a Justice of 
 
 *R. F. Brownrigg was a captain in 1780, in Major William Odell’s Loyal 
 American Rangers, and was transferred afterwards to the Duke of Cumber¬ 
 land’s Regiment. He went in 1783, with the latter corps, to Chedabucto, where 
 he was appointed a magistrate, and assisted in the settlement of his men. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 the Peace for the Comity of Halifax I know not bnt I may be derogating 
 from that appointment. * * * 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 Very humble Servant, 
 
 R. F. Brownrigg. a 
 
 P. S. I shall not sign myself Captain now I am turned Merchant, 
 but I beg leave to remind you that Captain White and myself served in 
 the same Regiment. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Mirimachie Point, July 17, 1785. 
 
 I arrived here only three days ago and it has taken me till now to 
 get myself stowed into a place where I can do business. 
 
 The condition of this River respecting the numbers of Inhabitants 
 has been greatly mis-represented—to me at least. There are not above 
 100 families, if so many, upon it at present. They live in a sparse manner 
 scattered along it’s banks. My appointments here will be a mere sound 
 and not much more. The emoluments of them will never make it worth 
 my while to remain here after I have done those particular kinds of ser¬ 
 vice which I came hither to execute. These I shall finish at all events. 
 
 This makes it more necessary for me to get into some other line of 
 business for a lively-hood and not depend any more upon Government for 
 employment. In consequence therefore of the project, which we have 
 often talked over together, of going into the Commission business I now 
 propose to you the putting our scheme into execution, and would have 
 you write to Lane & Co. immediately (as I think it was from them that 
 you told me that you had the offer of Goods to be sent out on Co mmi ssion) 
 with an invoice for £4,000 or £5,000 ster; if you think that will not be 
 too much. You must satisfy them respecting me, as I am a stranger to 
 them. * * * Goods may be vended at Westmorland and in the 
 parts of Nova Scotia in its vicinity, provided beef, hay, plaster, grain, 
 &c., could be received in pay. I should think that articles so necessary 
 might be converted into some medium of remittance. 
 
 This place at present is scarce an object for a fixed Factorage, but 
 a quantity of Furs might be picked up every Spring by coming hither 
 with a properly assorted cargo and Salmon might be engaged, of all which 
 I shall get myself better informed. * * * 
 
 The Salmon Fishery on this River is an object worth the attention 
 of Government, but unless it is attended to it will be ruined by the ignor¬ 
 ance and avarice of those concerned in it. It has failed very much this 
 season, no doubt thro’ the impolitic methods used to catch the Fish — 
 which is chiefly by set nets, which are so extended from each side as to 
 
310 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1785 
 
 leave the fish very little room to run, and at Davidson’s are extended 
 quite across the River, to the utter exclusion of the poor savages above. 
 
 I have not been here long eno’ to make many observations, hut this 
 is certainly a very fine country, covered with white clover wherever it is 
 open to the influence of Heaven, generally level, easily traversed. To 
 say it was equal to St. John’s might he looked upon as a species of blas¬ 
 phemy but this I dare pronounce that Miramichie Point, & Beaubere’s 
 Island are superior in situation to Fredericton. A ship of 250 tons from 
 Italy is now lying just by them. 
 
 Remember me kindly to all my friends both male & female — more 
 especially and most kindly to those of your and your Mother’s family. For 
 God’s sake write to me whenever you can, ’twill be a supreme consolation to 
 me in this my retreat to know that you sometimes think of 
 
 Ben. Marston. 
 
 Edward Winslow to H. M. Gordon. 
 
 St. John’s 18th July, 1785. 
 
 Dear Gordon,—Neither St. Paul nor any other old fashioned Buck 
 ever experienced half so great a variety of difficulties & embarrassments 
 in one month as I have in the last. 
 
 The transportation of a lusty wife, three little Brats & a large col¬ 
 lection of lumber across the Bay of Fundy was no inconsiderable job. 
 That over I was saluted with a very severe, fit of the Gout. I found 
 here no preparation for my reception & I was obliged to tumble Mrs. 
 Winslow and the little ones into the crowd that filled the House at Port- 
 land-point, & before I could say “Jack Robinson” the ship Parr made 
 her appearance and disembarked my mother and sisters who of course 
 made a considerable addition to the party. 
 
 In this dilemma I hunted Wanton out of Tyng’s house and placed 
 my mother’s family there. I collected all the Carpenters, Masons and 
 Laborers that could he found & I have ever since been up to the eyes in 
 mud, mortar, &c. I am now emerging from this state & in a few days 
 I expect to see both families comfortable. Before I proceed further let 
 me say in one short sentence & for the last time, that I feel the most 
 cordial gratitude for every mark of attention which you & my other friends 
 shewed to my unfortunate old mother and sisters while they resided at 
 Halifax. 
 
 Immediately after my arrival I commenced my operations to form a 
 Board of Accounts agreeable to the General’s order. The Governor con¬ 
 sented to the nomination of two respectable merchants, Messrs. Donaldson 
 & Garden. Tomorrow they sit to examine Mr. Lambton’s accounts. I 
 shall do the duty of Secretary to the Board myself, as the appointment of 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 311 
 
 another person would necessarily be attended with some expence. By the 
 inclosed letters you will see that Mr. Commissary Hecht has declined 
 submitting his accounts. 
 
 I thought best on my first setting out to give official notice to every 
 officer of public department in the District of the institution of the Board. 
 As Mr. Hechts accounts were of the most importance I proposed that 
 they should be first examined. * * I know not from what quarter Mr. 
 
 Hecht may have received his advice, but it appears to me that his con¬ 
 duct is very reprehensible. I beg you will have the goodness to assure 
 the General that I shall carefully avoid any further altercations with him 
 & that wherever his accounts are presented I shall endeavor to examine 
 them with candour & impartiality. In the mean time we shall go on 
 with the other accounts & as I transmit ’em I will report my private 
 opinion of such of the charges as appear irregular or wrong. 
 
 Mr. Campbell & Mr. Garden are expected every hour and I shall 
 postpone my intended excursion up the river until their accounts are 
 settled. I have also wrote to Mr. Tailer, the Commissary at Passama- 
 quoddy, to attend here. I have been induced to take this step because 
 the provision which has been issued by him is generally in consequence of 
 Mr. Hecht’s muster or orders from the Commandant here, & of course 
 his accounts may be checked by their information. 
 
 I regret Hecht’s obstinacy, because there are a considerable number 
 of people to whom he is at this time indebted who are really distressed 
 & who cannot possibly go to Halifax for their money. I will not presume 
 to advise relative to the mode of paying the sums due at this place, but 
 have only to say that whatever method is adopted, I shall hold myself 
 obliged without fee or reward to afford every assistance in my power, & 
 that I shall as cheerfully obey General Campbell’s orders after I cease to 
 be his Secretary as I did before. 
 
 Whenever the public business will admit I shall beat my march to 
 St. Anns, where I intend to provide some kind of a habitation for my 
 family. The enormous rents and other expenses here render it impossible 
 for me to halt long. 
 
 My Gout has been particularly attached to my right hand & has 
 almost disabled my thumb. I have not been able to write a line till 
 today & now dare not indulge too far. 
 
 &e, &c, &c, 
 
 - Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Brook Watson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 26th August, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—The Gen’l description of the Province of Nova Scotia and 
 New Brunswick, which you obligingly sent me under date of April the 
 
312 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 25th, is by far the most regular and perfect thing of the kind I ever saw,* 
 it’s just the information I wanted and arranged better than any ideas of 
 mine could possibly suggest, and carries more convincing proof in its 
 face than fifty speeches made in the House of Commons from the most 
 respectable information. You have hereby put a Weapon, offensive and 
 defensive, into my hands, which may eventually intitle me to the honor¬ 
 able appelation of “Champion for the remaining Provinces.” 
 
 Mr. Lambton has also obliged me with some observations made dur¬ 
 ing his march! to Passamaquoddy; by all which I clearly perceive the 
 West India Isles will soon be amply supplied with all kinds of lumber — 
 white oak staves excepted, and therein is indeed a great want. How it 
 may he supplied I can’t conceive, for I much fear the Pine staves expected 
 to supply their want will be found insufficient for the purpose; should it 
 prove otherwise, I beg to he furnished with authenticated proofs of it. 
 
 There is no reason to apprehend a free trade being allowed between 
 the British Islands in the West Indies and the American States; the eyes 
 of this Country have, thank God, been opened to see the destructive tend¬ 
 ency of such a measure, nor will the duty on Foreign Oil be taken off 
 or reduced. As it now stands it is an effectual Bounty to our own fisheries 
 and is severely felt by the American States. They complain, and I am 
 glad they have cause for so doing. Their scheme of placing Nantucket J 
 under our Government is too flimsy an artifice to take; the Quakers must 
 move to one of the King’s provinces if they mean to enjoy the blessings 
 of his Government and the benefits of our Commerce. 
 
 The Province of Nova Scotia have at last forbid the Americans to 
 enter their Ports. Had this wise step been taken earlier she would not 
 have been drained of her money as has been the case. The States complain 
 of being treated as aliens, forgetting they made themselves such. If our 
 Government [in England] act wisely, a Governor General will soon be 
 sent to the remaining Provinces, who will work them to their own happi¬ 
 ness and the good of the Empire. Their neighbors, like vinegar fretting 
 on their lees, will soon curse the day which made them independent. 
 
 Farewell dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithful humble serv’t 
 
 Brook Watson. 
 
 ♦A sufficient number of papers and documents are to be found on file to 
 show that Edward Winslow took very great pains in this matter, and called 
 into requisition the services of many persons in various places, in order to 
 prepare with greater exactness his description of the provinces for Brook 
 Watson. 
 
 fSee note under Marston’s letter to Winslow of “Friday, Feby. 18, to Mon¬ 
 day, the 21st,” 1785. 
 
 JSee references in Canadian Archives for 1894 at pp. 434 and 441. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 313 
 
 Thomas Aston Coffin to Ward Chipman. 
 
 London, 27th Aug, 1785. 
 
 My dear Chip,—* * * I hope our friend Ned [Winslow] and 
 
 family are comfortably settled. I wish he was rid of that old debt. How 
 are Polly and the children? How comes on Sally* with Dan?** * * * 
 
 It not being convenient to Mrs. Geyer to have Murray home all the 
 Holidays, as her family is so large of itself, he remained a fortnight at 
 school, which is charged at half a guinea jpr. week. Ned I hope will not 
 think that there was any inattention to the boy, but he really is so rioutous 
 and her own boys and girls so numerous, that she could do no otherways, 
 He is a fine spirited boy and will I dare say do well, but he must be looked 
 after and kept within bounds. His mother’s indulgences, and which Ned 
 did not dislike, would if he had not been removed as he was have made it a 
 very difficult business to manage him. * * * 
 
 I wish I knew whether you were married or had any thoughts of it. 
 Eben says that at Boston it is verily believed. Why the D—1 don’t you 
 tell me either that you are or are not ? God bless you forever in whatever 
 state you may be, 
 
 Yours most truly, 
 
 T. A. Coffin. 
 
 Sir Benjamin’s friend Lord Sackville is dead. 
 
 T. Moodyt to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 26th Septr., 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I am just returned from Merrimichee and in time to have 
 the happiness of sincerely congratulating you on your appointment of Pay¬ 
 master of Contingencies for N. Brunswick. This, Dear Sir, is as unex¬ 
 pected as it is pleasing, as it in some measure ensures a continuance of 
 the office, which we did not expect. Have received a letter from our 
 mutual friend T. A. Coffin Esq’r, full of the kindest and most friendly 
 sentiments towards you and the Family, in particular Miss Sally, in short 
 it is like himself. He does not know of any alteration or any arrange¬ 
 ments making in any of the present offices in this Quarter. Tells me 
 I may rely on your friendly offices whenever solicited. This, by the bye, 
 I have experienced & ever shall acknowledge. My friend Ward informs 
 me he sent your Gun, which has been at length repaired, and my letter 
 from this per a Capt. Bell; hope they have long ere this reached you. 
 Wrote you when at Merrimichee, and solicited thro’ you a Grant of an 
 Island called Bedde Wynf; if it can be effected consistently shall be glad, 
 
 *See under date 11th April, 1785, for explanation. 
 
 +T. Moody seems to have been employed as a clerk in the military offices 
 at Halifax. 
 
 JBay du Yin, or Baie des Vents, at the mouth of the Miramichi River. 
 
314 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 however I submit the business entirely to your goodness, at all events I 
 am determined to do some business in that Quarter as my Brother means 
 to abide there and has begun to build. Capt. Marston has been very 
 kind to me, and will thro’ you add his friendship and good offices to any¬ 
 thing you may recommend. Inclosed is a letter from him. 
 
 This day I put on board the Maria £3,000 sterling which is sent you 
 to defray the Contingent expences in your Province. It will be handed 
 you as will this my letter by Major Gordon. Have not had time to learn 
 anything in particular to inform you of. Should there have any matter 
 turned up worthy of your notice, no doubt Mr. Brittain will make you 
 acquainted therewith. The Brig is ordered to sail immediately and I have 
 only to make you a tender of my best services here and to beg you will 
 believe me to be. Dear Sir, 
 
 With Gratitude and Respect, Your ever obed’t Servant, 
 
 T. Moody. 
 
 Gregory Townsend to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 26 Sept., 1785. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—I want much to hear your plan of operations, how 
 you succeed in your Settlement, where your place of abode is to be, how 
 much you are like to realize pr. an. exclusive of the product of your In¬ 
 dustry, how your good partner and all her children are. I wish you joy 
 of the addition, may you experience the maxim of old Mr. Apthorp that 
 every child made hi m £1,000 stg. richer. You and Polly will be able to 
 buy all Hew Brunswick by the year 1900. I hear Miss Murray is married 
 to Mr. Wanton, wish them joy for me. I wish Dan’l could find some very 
 rich woman young or old that wanted nothing but a Husband. 
 
 Gordon sails the first wind in the Maria. Capt. Sutherland your Chief 
 Engineer goes with him. He will be an agreeable addition to your excel¬ 
 lent circle of friends. My respects to all your Family at both houses; to 
 my Friend Sproule and his. I am this day taking leave of my house, 
 £150. pr. an. is much too high for me, and as I see no likelihood of T. 
 A. C’s* coming out to share it, 1 unwillingly gave it up and have bought 
 the shell that Friars lived in at £300 where I intend to make myself as 
 contented as possible tho’ not situated quite to my mind. But I shall be 
 more so when you break your resolution of not seeing Halifax again and 
 take a seat at the table. Apropos, I don’t go to Cape Breton this season. 
 The story of the Government in Don Quixote is not half so ridiculous as 
 Gordon’s story of Sydney, and what makes it worse, his is (I believe) true, 
 the other fiction. I must make haste and begin to move. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 G. Townsend. 
 
 *Thomas Aston Coffin. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 315 
 
 Lt. Col. Allen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 September, 28th, 1785. 
 
 My dear Sir,—We are told here that Col. Robinson declines accepting 
 the Clerkship of this County.* If the information should be true I shall 
 thank you if you will recommend our Friend Nedt [Stelle] for that office 
 You know his abilities and honor, and I should think as he is settled in 
 the County, he deserves a preference. I know your friendship for him 
 and assure you you cannot gratify him more than by giving him your 
 Interest in procuring the Clerkship of this County. Young Clopper will 
 willingly accept the Coroner’s office which has been rejected by Capt. De- 
 Peyster. I think he will execute the office extremely well and I have pro¬ 
 mised him to write you on the subject and request you would mention him 
 to the Governor. As it is an office of more plague than profit I think we 
 shall be obliged to him for accepting it. I am sorry I did not see you 
 before you left St. Anns, which I should have done if my Friend Thomp¬ 
 son had not disappointed me. Pray present my compliments to Mrs. 
 Winslow, Chip and Hailes. 
 
 I am, Yours sincerely, 
 
 Isaac Allen. 
 
 William Garden to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Frederickton, 28th Sept’r, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I am favor’d with your Letter of the 22nd inst by which 
 I find it is the pleasure of His Excellency that the people of Maugerville 
 & Burton shall in future be victualled here, but previous thereto it will be 
 necessary to have a certificate of the time they have been victualled below, 
 which I am happy you mean to procure. Mr. Hayt f will send you the 
 papers you wanted, and he has sent the Box of Papers. I have received 
 from Mr. Hayt the muster lasts of the people of Maugerville, but those of 
 Burton I have not seen. 
 
 •Clerk of the peace for the County of York. Lt.-Col. Robinson, in point of fact, 
 did accept the office. The old York sessions of the peace minute book contains this 
 note as its first entry:— 
 
 “Beverly Robinson, Jr., Esq., clerk of the said court of general sessions of the 
 “ peace, gives this court to understand and be informed that on the 30th day of last 
 “ October, 1788, the house wherein he lived in the parish of Fredericton, and in which 
 “ were deposited all the records and papers belonging to the said court, was con- 
 “ sumed by fire, and all the said records and papers were then and there lost and de¬ 
 stroyed.” The Magistrates present when the above announcement was made were 
 Edward Winslow, Daniel Murray, George Dunbar, David McGibbon and Garrett 
 Clopper. 
 
 tEdward Stelle was commissioned captain-lieutenant (or senior subaltern officer) 
 of the 6th Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, June 24, 1777. He was adjutant of the 
 corps and saw much service. He held a captain’s commission at the close of the war. 
 He was a representative of York County in the first house of assembly. He left the 
 province about 1790, and his place in the assembly was filled by Judge Saunders. 
 
 JMonson Hayt. See biographical note under date January, 12th, 1785. 
 
316 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 Ever since I was appointed to the office of Commissary of this district 
 I have labored without intermission to serve the people in it and I shall 
 not yet leave off. The people of Maugerville & Burton who have never 
 been victualled here come to me individually, without either certificate or 
 recommendation from the heads of their Class or any one that I know, and 
 are very much affronted that I do not know every one of them personally 
 and their pretensions, but this I cannot help. When any distress is made 
 known to me authentically I take upon me to give relief. 
 
 I sincerely congratulate you on the appointment of Paymaster of Con¬ 
 tingencies, and am happy to hear money is coming to you. It is really 
 much wanted and I hope you will bring some up with you. I am very glad 
 to find you still mean to join us at this place.* It is a circumstance that 
 affords great satisfaction to all your friends, and we did nob want the addi¬ 
 tion of the [money] Chest to make it so, ’tho’ you need not leave it behind. 
 I really wish you here very soon and I hope you will bring a confirmation 
 of Mr. Batson’s news—at all events the people should know soon what 
 they are to expect. 
 
 I am happy to inform you that your millf is about finished and doing 
 great execution. Major Murray is so pleased with her that I do not believe 
 he would leave her and come to St. John’s to be made Lieut. Governor. It 
 would appear she has given him a good stomach for by a letter I have 
 received this day he says he will want about thirty six Barrels of Pork, 
 Beef, flour and Indian meal for his winter’s store, and as he seems to 
 deserve it I have promised to get it for him. 
 
 I am dear Sir very sincerely 
 
 Your friend & much obliged Hum’le Servt, 
 
 Wm. Garden, Asst. Commissary. 
 
 The Hon’ble Edward Winslow Esq’r. 
 
 St Johns. 
 
 Expenses of Engineer’s Department at St. Anns Point. 
 
 St. Anns Point, Yew Brunswick, 25 Oct’r, 1785. 
 
 His Majesty’s Works in the Engineer Department, Dr. 
 
 To His Majesty’s 54th Regt. of foot for working parties supplyM for 
 the several Works carrying on in the district of St. Johns River, Yew 
 
 *The removal of Edward Winslow’s family to Fredericton seems to have taken 
 place early in October. They fixed their residence at “ Kings wood ” a short distance 
 above Fredericton. The name Kings wood was evidently derived from Winslow’s 
 office as Deputy Surveyor of the King’s Woods under Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 tThis mill was at the mouth of the Pokiok. Major Murray seems to have been 
 the proprietor a little later, and it proved to him an unfortunate investment: it was 
 burned in 179£ 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS- 
 
 317 
 
 Brunswick, under the direction of Lieutenant James Glenie,* Engineer, 
 commencing the 25th Ang’t and ending the 24th Oct’r, 1785, inclusive, 
 amounting in the whole to the sum of One Pound fourteen shillings, Hali¬ 
 fax Currency. 
 
 Examined & certifyed by Jas. Glenie, Engh. 
 
 Received 25th Oct’r, 1785, from Edward Winslow, Esq’r, D’y Pay 
 Master of Contingencies & extraordinaries, the sum of One Pound fourteen 
 shillings, Halifax Currency, in full of the within account, having signed 
 two Receipts of this tenor and date. 
 
 Rich’d Armstrong, Q’r, M’r 54th Regt. 
 
 £1.14 currency equal £1, 11, 9 stg., Dollars at 4s. 8d. 
 
 [Endorsed, “Examined and recommended for payment A. Bruce.”] 
 
 William Garden to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Frederickton, 27th Oet’r, 1785. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Yesterday afternoon I wrote you a few lines and enclosed 
 an Abstract of your Muster Lists, which Maxwellt told me you wished to 
 
 * James Glenie was quite a remarkable character. He was evidently well 
 versed in his profession as an engineer. He advocated the construction of a 
 ship canal at Chignecto a few years later. There is in the journals of the 
 house of assembly for 1791 the report of a committee, of which he was a member, 
 appointed to examine a plan “for fitting up a part of the church at Fredericton 
 for the accommodation of the courts of justice and house of assembly.'’ Glenie 
 was the moving spirit in formulating the committee’s report, which was adverse 
 to the plan, on the ground that the church would not afford sufficient accommo¬ 
 dation for the council and assembly, and, moreover, the expense of remodelling 
 would be sufficient to erect a compact building with more convenient accom¬ 
 modations. James Glenie was elected a member for Sunbury County in 1789, in 
 place of Capt. Richard Vanderburgh, who had disposed of his property the 
 previous year and returned to the States. Glenie was in politics a radical, and 
 proved a thorn in the flesh to Governor Carleton and his council. In letters 
 written to Andrew Finucane in 1789-1790 (see Canadian Archives for 1895, pp. 
 18, 19), he asserts that “unless Governor Carleton be removed and Ludlow and 
 Allen dismissed the province will soon be ruined.” He uses the most extraor¬ 
 dinary epithets in speaking of Governor Carleton and his officials—e. g., “Ludlow 
 the ignorant, strutting chief justice,” “Tommy Carleton,” “Young Beverly 
 Robinson, a man on whom nature has fixed the stamp of stupidity,” “Billopp, 
 an ignorant, uncouth Dutch Boer,” &c. The governor and council had as little 
 love for Glenie as he for them. Governor Carleton termed him a “Son of Beliol.” 
 John Coffin fought a duel with him, in which Glenie was wounded. Glenie once 
 described Samuel Denny Street as “The little Creeper Cock,” a name which 
 stuck to him. Despite his eccentricities, Glenie was a clever man, and made 
 no little stir in his day and generation. His abilities won the admiration of 
 the Duke of Kent. 
 
 fAndrew Maxwell, of Maryland, was comissioned captain in the Prince of 
 Wales American Regiment in 1777. He commanded the Grenadier company. 
 The story related of him in Sabine’s American Loyalists is evidently unfounded, 
 since the muster rolls of his corps show no record of his having been taken 
 prisoner. These rolls are, at present, in the hands of the writer of these notes. 
 Captain Maxwell wrote a beautiful hand. His “Return of the people settled in 
 the district between the Nashwaak and the Madam Keyswick,” of July 29, 1785, 
 on file among the Winslow papers, is sufficient proof on this head. 
 
318 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1785 
 
 have sent after you, tho’ I believe if they send Provisions agreeable to it 
 at two thirds allowance there will be sufficient. Yet as it’s right to be sure, 
 I have in the estimate sent to Halifax & Fort Howe, asked for 2,800 Rations 
 for Loyalists (and you may get as many more as you can) alleging, what is 
 true, that since your muster was taken people from different quarters have 
 come into this district, which are not included in it, and who bring claims 
 on the store prior to it. I wish to God the Governor may consent to the 
 completion of the distribution begun by us. With that assistance the 
 deserving part of the settlers may get thro’ the winter, hut without it the 
 consequences will be dreadful. Since you left us I have had the luck to 
 have a return of my old friends the “Biles,” which has hindered me from 
 visiting your good family, but I hear they are all well. The Locusts from 
 Maugerville and Burton, together with my other friends in the Ration way, 
 give me little respite and I have snatched a moment at a late hour to say 
 I am. Dear Sir, 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 Wm. Garden. 
 
 Ho. 43 City of St. John, 1st Hov’r, 1785. 
 
 These are to certify Thomas Aston Coffin, Esq., Pay Master of Con¬ 
 tingencies to the Army at Halifax and all concerned that the sum of eleven 
 pounds five shillings currency is actually due from. Government to Captain 
 Alexander Cameron for the freight of 200 barrels of beef from hence to 
 St. Anns, Per the scow Maugerville, at one shilling and a penny half penny 
 for each barrel; having signed three certificates of this tenor and date. 
 
 £11.5 Fred. Wm. Hecht, Asst. Com. Gen’l. 
 
 A. Bruce. 
 
 Report of Board of Accounts. 
 
 Fort Howe, Hew Brunswick, 
 
 Hovember 5th, 1785. 
 
 Present: Colonel Bruce, President; Major Forster, Captain Colvill, Mr. 
 
 Leonard, Mr. Winslow. 
 
 The accounts of Receipts and Issues of Provisions at Fort Howe, com¬ 
 mencing 24th February and ending 24th April, 1785, having been exam¬ 
 ined, they are found to be right cast, but there appears to be a large 
 deficiency of Provisions. The Board after careful inquiry are of opinion 
 that the Commissary was subject to great inconveniences by the peculiar 
 situation of the stores. That from the want of a convenient deposit the 
 previsions were exposed to frequent depredations, and there is ample proof 
 of repeated thefts. These circumstances are in some degree an alleviation 
 of the charge which must otherwise have fallen upon the Commissary. * * 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 319 
 
 The Board proceeded to the examination of the following accounts 
 which were approved and recommended for payment. 
 
 (1.) Abstract of pay due clerks, store keepers and laborers employed 
 in the commissariat at Fort Howe to 31st Oct. 1785, amounting to £69.0.10 
 stg. Dollars at 4s. 8d. 
 
 (2.) Pay due the expressmen of the 54th Regiment amounting to 
 £1.2.0 sterling; dollars at 4s. 8d. 
 
 (3.) (4.) (5.) Artificers, laborers &e employed in the Engineer depart¬ 
 ment at Fort Howe from 25th July to 24th October 1785 amounting to 
 £171.7.6 currency. 
 
 (6.) Abstract of sundry accounts for articles furnished and services 
 performed in the Engineer department at Fort Howe between the 25th 
 August and 24th October 1785, as follows:— 
 
 (a) Acct. of Wm. Donaldson £254.8.4 currency. 
 
 (b) . Do. Hazen & White £20.7.6 currency. 
 
 (c) Do. Ebenezer Spicer £90 currency. 
 
 (d) Do. Elias Skidmore £40.10 currency. 
 
 (e) Do. Alexander Fairchild £35.10 currency. 
 
 (f) Do. Thomas Jennings £11.4 currency. 
 
 (g) Do. John Sutherland £1.6.3 currency. 
 
 (h) Do. Benjamin I. Gray £0.19.3 currency. 
 
 (i) Do. Bradford Gilbert & Co. £9.15 currency. 
 
 (j) Do. Freight to sundry persons for transporting provisions to St. 
 Anns amounting to £44.15 currency. 
 
 The Board adjourned to Wednesday the 16th inst. 
 
 A. Bruce. 
 
 James Campbell, Military Secretary, to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 19th November, 1785. 
 
 Sir,—I am honored with your letter of the 4th instant by Lieut. Gor¬ 
 don, now acting Paymaster of Contingencies &c., at this place, vice Whit¬ 
 lock deceased, and feel myself highly honored by the preamble of your 
 letter, and gladly accept of that familiar correspondence you so frankly and 
 so obligingly propose upon the footing of our mutual attachment to General 
 Campbell. But here sir permit me to remind you that (unless I am very 
 much deceived) I ’have already been admitted to the friendship of hospi¬ 
 tality in your house, and to the protection of your household Gods. Some 
 little attentions I was enabled to shew you on Staten Island when Brigade 
 Major to General Campbell in 1777, together with your own hospitable 
 disposition, procured me the honor of a Bed at your house in New York, 
 and I recollect that the house you then inhabited had the year before been 
 occupied by Capt. Powell and some officers of the 49th Regt. However, 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1785 
 
 my dear Sir, your well established character, and more particularly the 
 high estimation in which you are held by Friends for whose judgment I 
 bear the greatest deference and respect, makes me anxiously ambitious of 
 being admitted to your confidence and friendship. 
 
 The General is fully sensible of the delicate part you had to act in 
 mustering the Loyalists and Disbanded Troops, and of the disinterested 
 principles and motives that actuated you to the undertaking of it. But 
 the exactness wherewith it evidently appears to have been taken, and the 
 perspicuity wherewith it is stated, fully justify his opinion that no Person 
 could have been found so adequate to the Task. 
 
 The General is concerned for the embarrassments and inconveniences 
 that you have experienced from Mr. Hecht’s unaccommodating temper and 
 ill humor, but the more the difficulties, the more credit results from bear¬ 
 ing with and overcoming them. The General is pleased that Mr. Garden’s 
 conduct on the contrary was so much to your ease and satisfaction. 
 
 Your conduct in taking the City muster perfectly corresponds with 
 the General’s ideas of what is right and just, in due conformity to His 
 Majesty’s most gracious intentions. For surely the Royal Arm was only 
 stretched out to furnish relief, comfort and consolation where necessity 
 called for and demanded them. 
 
 The General’s sentiments regarding the granting of Provisions to Per¬ 
 sons emigrating from one District to another, or from one Province to 
 another, will be fully explained to you by the enclosed advertisement that 
 has been published here, and which he requests you will cause to be pub¬ 
 lished also in Hew Brunswick. For the General must conceive it to be the 
 intention of Government to furnish a general and impartial encouragement 
 to the settling of these Provinces; and to foster and animate the cultivation 
 and improvement of one part to the prejudice of another part would be to 
 pervert instead of aiding these gracious intentions. 
 
 And lastly on the concluding subject matter of your letter (the De¬ 
 partment of Paymaster of Contingencies) the General wishes to know, in 
 case it may prove necessary to send you more cash, whether the Deputy 
 Paymaster General’s bills could' be transacted in Hew Brunswick on the 
 same footing they are in Halifax (that is at a premium of 2 1-2 per cent, 
 and the Dollars at 4s. 6d. or 455 Dollars and 30-54 parts for £100 sterling. 
 
 And for your information regarding expenditures properly authorized 
 as extraordinaries of the Army, the General has directed me to furnish you 
 an official copy of his orders herewith transmitted to Colonel Bruce, for 
 your information of their purport and extent. 
 
 I have the honor to be Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t humble servant, 
 
 James Campbell, Secretary. 
 
1785] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 321 
 
 Lieut. Hugh Mackay Gordon to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 20th ISTov’r, 1785. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Previous to my arrival in Town, Whitlock died 
 and the General appointed me in his room, so Brother how do you do. It 
 is 10s. pr. diem while it lasts. 
 
 ********* 
 
 You will perceive by the proclamation the arrival of Dundas,* &c., 
 and I find your claim is among the number that are brought out. 
 
 They intend to remain here until next June, when they will visit your 
 Province. As I know Dundas well, and Mr. Pemberton being one of our 
 Whist Party at the Generals, let me offer every service I can render you or 
 yours on this occasion. Dundas told me the sooner the claimants came to 
 Halifax the better as they would be considered in the first sum voted. 
 
 Campbell has wrote you an Epistle and the orders that accompany it 
 will shew his ideas, he likes writing much better than I do. 
 
 My horses and myself were almost knocked up by the journey, 
 D-m-n-d bad roads indeed, however, I pushed ’em. Kitty [James] de¬ 
 sires to be remembered to the Colonel as do all his friends. Pray remem¬ 
 ber me kindly to your family. How does Oak Point get on. The General 
 has planned a House which shall be sent the next opp’y. 
 
 Adieu, Affectionately yours 
 
 H. M. G. 
 
 (P S.) I had almost forgot to tell you Will Coffin is gone to England 
 and I believe to endeavor to get the appointment I have. They need not 
 keep it secret for God knows I am not avaricious. Townsend did not even 
 mention him, he recommended Moody. 
 
 Gen’l Arnold arrived yesterday, Supercargo in the Lord Middleton, 
 and I understand means to visit your province. Mr. Haket and he will be 
 good company. H. M. G. 
 
 To the Commissioners appointed by Act of Parliament for enquiring into 
 the Losses and Services of the American Loyalists. 
 
 The memorial of A. B. sheweth, \ 
 
 First, Claimant should state acts of Loyalty and Services. 
 
 *Col. Thomas Dundas and Jeremiah Pemberton came to adjust the claims of the 
 Loyalists who had not been able to proceed to England in order to present their 
 claims and apply for compensation for the losses they had incurred as provided by 
 the British parliament. They opened an office in Halifax, Nov. 15, 1785, afterwards 
 proceeding to St. John, and thence to the upper provinces. Jeremiah Pemberton was 
 appointed chief justice of Nova Scotia in 1788. 
 
 tMr. Hake was storekeeper at Fort Howe, and was charged with embezzling 
 provisions, etc. 
 
 JThe original of the above is printed in the form of a circular. It was undoubt¬ 
 edly meant to aid the Loyalists in putting their memorials in proper form. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 Secondly, Losses sustained in consequence thereof, or of the Claimant’s 
 Attachment to the British Government; a Schedule whereof is desired to 
 he subjoined to the Memorial, ascertaining very particularly and accurately 
 the Description and value of the Property lost. 
 
 Your Memorialist therefore prays that his (or her) Case may he taken 
 into your consideration, in order that your Memorialist may he enabled, 
 under your Report, to receive such Aid or Relief as his (or her) Losses and 
 Services may be found to deserve. 
 
 ZST. B. The names of the Witnesses, their Descriptions, and Places of 
 Abode, with the Particulars to which they are respectively to speak, are 
 to be inserted at the end of the Schedule and the Documents whereby the 
 Claim is to be made out are to be given in at the time of leaving the 
 Memorial. 
 
 The Commissioners will require the best Evidence the Nature and 
 Circumstances of the Case will admit. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow, 
 
 [St. John], Wednesday, 4th Jan’y, 1786. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I thank you most cordially for your letter; it is 
 really a cordial to me and revives feelings which always have and I hope 
 always will constitute the greatest happiness of my life. You will see 
 however by the date of this that I can have no time to give you the par¬ 
 ticular detail you wish of our operations during the Election Poll and 
 scrutiny. Yours was handed to me last evening; the man by whom this is 
 to go, Byles tells me, is to set off tomorrow morning, and the house is to 
 meet at eleven o’clock today to present their speaker and hear the Gov¬ 
 ernor’s speech. I will however snatch every interval minute I can get 
 during the day to answer the most essential objects of your enquiries. 
 
 1 inclose you a sketch of the Charge I intended to have made at 
 
 the opening of our Court here, but as Col. Ludlow* then charged the Jury 
 it was not delivered—it may afford you some general hints. * * * 
 
 2 o’clock—I really wonder at your idea of your attendance at the 
 General Assembly not being absolutely necessary. The Governor regrets 
 exceedingly your and Col. Allen’s absence and has told Murray so today, 
 who assured him that nothing but your Court next week, which it was 
 absolutely necessary for you to attend, prevented your coming. The Gov- 
 
 *This was probably Col. Gabriel G. Ludlow, the first mayor of St. John. The 
 supreme court of judicature opened at St. John on Tuesday, Eeb. 1, 1785, for the 
 first time. Benjamin Marston, who was present writes of it thus in his journal 
 “The chief justice gave a very judicious, sensible charge to the grand jury. The 
 “advantage of a derniere resort for justice in all civil and criminal cases will be 
 “ very great to the people of this new province. They will find a mighty odds be- 
 “ tween having justice travelling regularly about them and being obliged to cross 
 “ the Bay of Fundy and travel 130 miles to Halifax.” 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 323 
 
 emor hoped that the Court would not detain you more than a day, and '1 
 am sure will he greatly disappointed if you are not in town as soon as 
 possible. There never can be a time again when the abilities* industry and 
 exertion of every member of the General Assembly will be more necessary, 
 and I suppose if the Governor knows of this opportunity, that you will 
 receive a particular message from him. 
 
 The house met yesterday, only 13 in all, just enough to make a house. 
 Owing to the stupidity of the Lower Cove Candidates in not attending the 
 scrutiny and defending their votes the Sheriff has returned us, but our 
 seats are to be contested by vehement petition.* As our election was a 
 contested one it was tho’t best not to choose anyone of us speaker, other¬ 
 wise Blisst would clearly have been the man. We therefore made choice 
 of Botsfordi who was presented and approved to-day. As there are so few 
 members in Town the Governor recommended to us to adjourn to Monday 
 without delivering his speech, which we have accordingly done. 
 
 Dr. Paine 11 is appointed Clerk of the house. 
 
 I have nothing from England later than the letters which Sally has 
 forwarded to you from Mr. Watson and Coffin. It is undoubted that Sir 
 Guy is to have a peerage and come out Governor General in the Spring, 
 Coffin Secretary, Mr. Watson Commissary General, Bill Smith Chief Jus¬ 
 tice of Canada, and it is said Rob’t Auchmucty Chief Justice of Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 Geyer has failed for an amazing sum. I get no letters from him and 
 suppose the little I had in the world is now all gone. Indeed with per- 
 
 * There is quite a story in connection with this election. Governor Carleton 
 decided that the electors should include all males of 21 years and upwards 
 resident three months in the province. This was certainly a very democratic 
 franchise. The contest resolved itself in St. John into one between the Upper 
 Cove and the Lower Cove—the former representing the more professional and 
 aristocratic element, the latter the democracy. The candidates for the former 
 party (city and county) were Jonathan Bliss, Ward Chipman, Christopher 
 Billopp, William Pagan, Stanton Hazard and John McGeorge, and for the latter 
 party Tertullus Dickinson, Richard Lightfoot, Richard Bonsall, Peter Grim, 
 John Boggs and Alexander Reid. The election was fiercely contested, according 
 to the old style of open voting, and in the course of it a riot occurred at the 
 Mallard House, on King street, to quell which the soldiers of the garrison were 
 called out. It appears that the democratic party had actually a majority of 
 the votes polled, but in the scrutiny, as mentioned above, the sheriff returned the 
 opposite party. The election was protested and the matter heard at length by 
 the house of assembly, where it was resolved by a vote of two to one (St. John 
 members not voting), “That the petitioners having neglected at the scrutiny 
 “ before the sheriff to justify the votes struck off, cannot now be admitted to 
 “ prove those votes good.” A curious ill-worded and ungrammatical petition 
 was presented to Governor Carleton in connection with the business, asking 
 him to dissolve the assembly. This the governor declined to do. 
 
 fHon. Jonathan Bliss, the attorney general. See notice of him in Law¬ 
 rence’s Foot Prints at p. 27. He was of Springfield, Massachusetts, and gradu¬ 
 ated at Harvard in 1763. He became chief justice and president of the council, 
 and died at Fredericton Oct. 1, 1822, at the age of 80 years. 
 
 J Amos Botsford of Westmorland County. 
 
 || Dr. William Paine, member for Charlotte County. 
 
324 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 plexities of one kind and another my spirits are very unusually depressed. 
 I see nothing before me but poverty and disappointments^ nor have I 
 experienced any thing else since I came to this Province. 
 
 I wish to God I could make the excursion you suggest to your part of 
 the Country. I am sure it would do me good—a few of our old fashioned 
 tete-a-tetes would make me myself again, but this cannot soon happen. I 
 shall, however, be greatly relieved by seeing you here. Remember me 
 most affectionately to Mrs. Winslow and the little ones. I am rejoiced to 
 hear that Polly remains free of any ill-consequences from the accident. 
 Give my love very particularly to the Commissary* and let me know if he 
 continues to observe my lessons at breakfast. I am afraid you and Mama 
 will indulge him too much. 
 
 God bless you all prays most sincerely 
 
 Your faithful and affectionate 
 
 Chip. 
 
 For Heaven’s sake send forward Stelle, | Lyman { and the rest of the 
 members in your parts. 
 
 Gregory Townsend to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Halifax, 25 January, 1786. 
 
 Dear Chipman,—I congratulate you (if it is worth it) on your getting 
 the better of the Lower Covers. It must be better for any country, new 
 or old, to have their public concerns conducted by men of science and 
 principle, rather than illiterate or bad men of any class. You used to be 
 an honest clever body enough, hope you will be better for the wear for 
 many years to come. 
 
 Our friends at New York were well the 14th ultimo. How do Ned 
 [Winslow] and Coffin pass the winter? I am told our friend Pen. is going 
 to England. My best respects to all that worthy family, Mr. Coffin, the 
 Ludlows, Putnams, &c. Say a thousand clever things for me to Mrs. Col¬ 
 lector]! I hope he is well in health and spirits. What is become of Tyng? 
 
 I am ever, Your faithful friend, 
 
 G. Townsend. 
 
 *The reference is to Winslow’s son, Thos. Aston Coffin, named after Com¬ 
 missary Coffin. 
 
 {Edward Stelle, member for York County. See biographical note under date 
 September 28th, 1785. 
 
 {Captain Daniel Lyman was gazetted captain in the Prince of Wales Ameri¬ 
 can Regiment in 1777, and served through the war. He belonged to New Haven, 
 Connecticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1770. He will be frequently men¬ 
 tioned in these pages. He was a son of General Phineas Lyman. He settled at 
 Fredericton, but afterwards went to England, and was at one time governor 
 of the Scilly Islands. 
 
 [|Mrs. William Wanton was a general favorite. Her husband was first col¬ 
 lector at the port of 'St. John. 
 
1786J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 325 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Fredericton, Feb’ry 21 , 1786. 
 
 Dr. Chip,—As ’tis possible that you may not have seen the petition 
 now circulating in the Country, I inclose a copy of it. The weazel varlets 
 had the insolence to detail Oliver Bourdet and Handasyde (the kneeling 
 man)* as a Committee to procure subscribers in this part of the country. 
 
 In my walk yesterday morning to town I was informed that they had 
 opened a room at a public house, and were haranguing country subscribers 
 and carrying on othef operations in the true Lower Cove stile. I was also 
 told what was the general purport of the petition, and that it was the 
 intention of a number of our Bucks to take the Committee, petition and 
 all, tye ’em in a sled backs to the Horses, and drive ’em to Maugerville. I 
 at first determined to retreat and leave them to pursue their own method, 
 but on second consideration I thought best to interfere, as I apprehended 
 a frolic of this sort might have been attended with some unpleasant conse¬ 
 quences. On enquiry I could not find sufficient foundation to institute a 
 process against the Delinquents, and it was necessary to do something as 
 the Gentry here were growing outrageous. I therefore thought best to 
 publish the inclosed advertisement which I believe had the desired effect, 
 as I am now informed that the gentry have abandoned their Quarters and 
 moved off. 
 
 This is a new mode of proceeding, but ’tis concise, and I flatter myself 
 that in some future collections of Forms it may be introduced under the 
 title of Winslow’s advertisements “de bene esse,” or something like it, at 
 any rate I’ll venture to affirm that ’tis effectual in some cases. Ask the 
 Chief Justice’s opinion and Judge Allen’s relative to the legality and pro¬ 
 priety of this proceeding. If any more of your gentry shew their noses 
 here I’ll adopt, in my official capacity, a still shorter method—damn me if 
 I don’t put ’em in the stocks. 
 
 Do seize some cheerful late moment and tell me what’s going forward. 
 I feel a little anxious, and I believe if the weather comes very good I shall 
 make another trip. 
 
 Adieu, ever & ever Your 
 
 —- Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 13th March, 1786. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I wrote you about two months since at which time I 
 was in hopes to have taken your friendly hand before this. But the death 
 of my Father and official business have detained me here. I am negotiat- 
 
 * George Handyside was charged before the general .assembly of the province 
 on Jan. 26, 1786, with speaking “opprobious words” of the house, tending to 
 excite sedition. Witnesses were examined, and he was found guilty, whereupon 
 it was ordered ‘‘That he ask pardon on his knees and be reprimanded by the 
 “ speaker, and stand committed until he obey this order.” The said George 
 asked pardon of the house on his knees, was reprimanded by the speaker from 
 the chair and discharged, paying fees. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 ing my claims at the American Office. In this vicinity there is nobody 
 that has seen my estate at Wolf boro and I wish to get some respectable 
 opinion relative to it that may he given to the Commissioners. I had 
 selected the best lots of all my property in that country, which were 
 granted in the large measure usual for such cases ; —4,387 acres (but 
 amounted nearer to 6,000). These included the islands, Park, Cardens, 
 Buildings, &c., and were most excellent choice land—more than 500 acres 
 under high cultivation. It was subject to no service or quite rent—a shire 
 market and fair town. The roads made. In the centre of a fertile and 
 populous country, at the source of the Merrimac River on one side and of 
 Piscataqua river on the other. The Park substantially fenced in about 
 GOO acres—in it a saw mill and Grist mill complete. The House 102 feet 
 long, 41 wide, 24 or 25 ft. posts, built of the best and by the best workmen 
 in that Country. Two Stable and Coach Houses 62 by 40 and 24 or 25 ft. 
 post—built for duration—glazed and painted completely. One blarn 
 framed, boarded, shingled, painted, & complete as possible, 106 or more 
 long, 32 to 40 wide, & 18 to 22 high—a large dairy house, smoke and ashes 
 house. Carpenter, Blacksmith’s and Cabinet maker’s shops with all pos¬ 
 sible instruments and tools. Cattle, sheep, horses, small stock, boats, 
 implements and furniture of all sorts, complete and in super-abundance. 
 The whole included, I think the 4,387 acres are undervalued at £5 sterling 
 pr. acre. 
 
 I am sure had I put the cash it cost me into the Boston treasury the 
 sum would have far exceeded. 
 
 The year I came from Hew Hampshire the produce on that Estate 
 exceeded the consumption of my whole family and you know how we lived, 
 and every year it became more valuable without cost. 
 
 I beg you would send me your authenticated certificate on this point. 
 In my estimation I put the whole at £20,000 sterling. I shall be also 
 obliged in your certificate if you will be so good as to mention your opinion 
 of the appearance of my general establishment in town and country for 
 Houses, Gardens, Furniture, Servants, Equipages, Horses, &c. I do not 
 mean any appreciation thereof, but only your opinion whether they were 
 good, plentiful, and becoming my rank in that country, in proportion to 
 what was done by other Governors or men of fortune in America. 
 
 I shall be exceedingly obliged to you in these matters and confide in 
 your friendship to excuse the trouble. I had rather give yours than most 
 others judgment on these points from your knowledge and experience in 
 them. 
 
 The Commissioners talk of removing hence in May and as they close 
 their reports here for the year I wish for your answer hereto as soon as 
 possible. 
 
 We have no news from England later than 22d Nov’r to me, via 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 327 
 
 Quebec; says Sir Guy Carleton will - be Gov’r Gen’l with full patronage. 
 Governor C. to go to Quebec, a division of that Gov’t into Two Provinces 
 in contemplation. Many are named for N. Brunswic. Whoever comes I 
 hope will be friendly to the people. 
 
 Adieu, and be assured I am your sincere friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 HUE AND CRY. 
 
 Whereas on the night of Sunday the 26th Instant, the House of Rich¬ 
 ard Bydder, on Block No. 1, or the Maryland Block, near the lower bound¬ 
 ary of the County of York was consumed by Fire, and the Bodies of the 
 said Richard Bydder, his Wife and five Children were consumed therein. 
 And whereas we the subscribers. Justices of the Peace for the County of 
 York, have received information from divers of his Majesty’s discreet and 
 faithful Subjects, that there is good reason to apprehend that the said 
 Richard Bydder, his Wife and five Children were "robbed and inhumanly 
 murdered. And that the said House was set on Fire by the person who per¬ 
 petrated the horrid deed. 
 
 And now we are further given to understand that there is great cause 
 of suspicion against a Man who passed by the name of Pendergrass, of the 
 following, description—Rather exceeding six feet high,—Had on a light 
 coloured Cloth Coat and Waistcoat, A pair of Brown Overhalls, and a pair 
 of large Fisherman’s Boots, A slouched Hat, his hair untyed,—He say’d 
 that he was lately from Ireland, had been at Shelburne, and had come to 
 this Province to settle. 
 
 These are therefore to request and require all Magistrates, Sheriffs, 
 Constables, and all other publick Officers, And all other His Majesty’s good 
 Subjects, That they give every aid and assistance in their power towards 
 apprehending and securing the said Pendergrass, so that this most barbar¬ 
 ous transaction may be duly examined into. 
 
 Ed. Winslow, 
 Monson Hoyt. 
 
 Fredericton, March 31, 1786. 
 
 Mather Byles to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [St. John] Saturday Evening, April 1st, 1786. 
 
 My dear Sir,—After leaving you last Saturday I jog’d on very leisurely 
 and arrived at Say’s* by sunset without any other accident than a little 
 ducking in getting off the bank at Maugerville. 
 
 *Gervas Say, one of the pre-Loyalist settlers, was a magistrate of the old 
 County of Sunbury. He was a man of influence, and during the Revolution 
 very loyal to the crown. He was appointed by Major Studholme, in 1783, along 
 with Ebenezer Foster, Fyler Dibblee and James White, as a committee to report 
 on the state of settlement of the River St. John. Their very interesting report 
 has been printed in the Collections of the N. B. Historical Society. Gervas Say 
 afterwards taught the Indian school at Sheffield, under the Board of the New 
 England Company for Christianizing the Indians. 
 
328 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1783 
 
 The next morning I pursued my route on the ice as far as Grimross 
 Island and finding the ice growing very rotten I took to the woods as far 
 as Jemseg where I found a boat and proceeded to Long Island. 
 
 Next morning I arrived at Oak Point, the end of the navigation, dis¬ 
 missed my boat and went to bed with a violent headache the consequence 
 of having got very wet by the rain. However I recruited myself well with 
 about fourteen hours sleep and at daybreak on Tuesday set off with Mr. 
 Jones, whom I found here. After creeping over rotten ice, skipping 
 among the cakes, scrambling along shore where it was practicable and 
 wading thro’ the water where it was not, I arrived at Looseley’s,* left my 
 companion and struck through the woods to Major Coffins. By this time 
 I had acquired a tolerable appetite for my breakfast and was very well dis¬ 
 posed to accept an invitation to pass the day there. A heavy S. W. storm 
 kept me there a Wednesday but on Thursday morning I again got under 
 way and shook hands with the family at one. As the Surveyor General 
 had given up the hope of seeing me till the River opened, I saved all my 
 credit and received a handsome compliment for my exertions. 
 
 I waited on the Chief Justice in the morning, delivered my St. Ann’s 
 papers, explained your reasons for wishing the time of notice altered, and 
 obtained the inclosed minute of Council to alter the time at St. Johns to 
 3 weeks and at Fredericton to the time between your receiving this and 
 the 22d April, which is the day I have inserted as you will see by the 
 enclosed paper. Sower t will insert it in next Tuesday’s. 
 
 Marston is undetermined when he shall set ofi, I shall therefore get 
 all the papers ready and send them by Dalzel who goes next Wednesday. 
 
 Chipman has seen your memorial and pronounces it without fault. I 
 have got the approbation on Mr. Garden’s account without difficulty. The 
 accounts I left behind are of consequence for me to have here, do forward 
 them by the first conveyance. I hope all Campbell’s vouchers will be ready 
 for Mr. Marston as he talks of the middle of this month, which I think will 
 give us plenty of time. 
 
 ♦Charles Loosely kept a tavern on the Long Reach at this time. He had 
 formerly kept tavern at New York and Brooklyn. He was quite a character— 
 used to advertise in doggerel rhyme, &c. 
 
 •[Christopher Sower, editor of the Royal Gazette, of which he was also the 
 proprietor, was formerly a printer at Germantown, Pennsylvania. From 1778 
 to the close of the war he was at New York. He > came to St. John in 1784, 
 where he was postmaster and King’s printer. In 1790 he moved his printing 
 press to a place he purchased at French Village, in Kings County. Here he 
 built a two story double log house for his residence and printing office, and 
 printed the Royal Gazette, the Journals of the House of Assembly and other 
 official publications. He called this place Brookville. He was an unsuccessful 
 candidate for election to the house of assembly in 1792. He had a very uncom¬ 
 fortable encounter with George Leonard in August, 1795. See under date 13 
 Aug., 1795, in this book. He was succeeded as King's printer by John Ryan. 
 He left St. John in May, 1799, and went to Baltimore, where he died of apoplexy 
 July 2, same year, at the age of 43 years. 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 329 
 
 Hailes has undertaken to write you all the news and I won’t bore you 
 with repetitions, but inclose the papers and wipe my hands of it. Doctor 
 Payne has put up some calqmel for the Commissary and Pen, which I hope 
 will operate better than the Pink root. Sally Miller has recovered—is at 
 home and looks as well as ever, all the rest well. 
 
 Major Coffin is gone on his survey of the road* to-day, but goes no 
 further than the Oromocto. He desires to be remembered, and says as 
 many town lots as you can get in his name are very much at your service. 
 Nase and myself crossed each other on the Grand Bay so I had no oppor¬ 
 tunity of speaking to him, but the Major says Nase thinks his town lot at 
 St. Anns very valuable—if so I suppose you won’t ask for it. 
 
 Mr. Daunt is in town, he sends his compliments and means to beg your 
 acceptance of a barrel of cyder as soon as it can be got to you. Your own 
 shall be the first object of my attention. 
 
 This is a heterogenous mass, but neither my head or my hands are in 
 high order. It will go by Mr. John Hazen t and I shall desire him to for¬ 
 ward it on from Oromocto by express. I have got your letter by Guin and 
 will forward Lewis his certificate as soon as Mr. Parker returns here from 
 Passamaquoddy, where he has gone to examine a vessel of Gilham Butler’s 
 in which they suspect he is exporting foreign oil as the produce of British 
 America. All my Halifax friends are well and my Father begs a particular 
 remembrance to you. 
 
 I shall commit to Mr. John Hazen a parcel for Mama of which you are 
 only to see the outside. Give my love to her and all the little folks—tell 
 the Commissary I long to see him in his new clothes which I am told are 
 wonderfully superb. Do put him in the boat when you come down. Let 
 me know how the little folks get thro’ the small pox* for I shall feel very 
 anxious till it is safely over. On Monday I shall get again into the beaten 
 track and double my diligence to forward the Governor’s plan. The idea 
 of another furlough, which I shall keep in my eye, will make me pursue the 
 task with alacrity, for the society and conversation of my benevolent friend 
 constitute the principal enjoyment of his most affectionate 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 *This was the road from St. John to Fredericton on the west side of the 
 river. It was not completed for many years after this date. 
 
 f John Hazen was a nephew of Hon. William Hazen, and came to St. John 
 with his uncle to live in 1775. He settled after a time at Oromocto, where he 
 built a house and store and engaged in business. He married, in 1787, Priscilla 
 McKinstry, a daughter of Doctor Wm. Me instry, by whom he had a family 
 of twelve children. J. Douglas Hazen of St. John is one of his descendants. 
 
 ^Inoculation with the small-pox matter was in vogue at this time as a pre¬ 
 ventative, but it was in danger and loathsomeness only one degree removed 
 from having the disease in the natural way. Many who submitted to it were 
 pock-marked for life and some died. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 Mather Byles to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [St. John] Tuesday, April 11th, 1786. 
 
 My dear Sir,—Vanhorne* has just acquainted me that he setts off for 
 St. Anns in the morning and I embrace the opportunity to forward you 
 some newspapers, two letters from Annapolis, and one from Mr. Marston, 
 who doesn’t leave St. Johns till the beginning of next week. * * * 
 
 The Chief Justice, Captain Sproule, and Mr. Hazen set off for Saint 
 Anns next Monday, the two former to be present at the Auction. We are 
 all engaged here in the Cumberland road *, which is quite a hobby Horse, 
 and a sum sufficient nearly to carry it through is already subscribed—the 
 terms are a grant of 100 acres on the road (without expence) for every five 
 pounds subscribed, and the officers of Government have agreed to carry the 
 grants thro’ and take their fees in land at the same proportion. The 
 people don’t enter so readily into the idea of a St. Ann’s road+ and the 
 Council after hearing the report of Major Coffin have resolved only to carry 
 it to Coffin’s Creek|| for the present, and determine on some future day 
 whether the best route will be through the hack country or along the shore 
 of the river. * * * 
 
 Remember my coat the very first opportunity from St. Ann’s. I 
 haven’t a coat to put on. I can’t even get another coat made till I receive 
 it for it’s the latest English cut. I shall have the rheumatism in my elbows 
 in three days if it doesn’t arrive. In one word recollect your anxiety about 
 the cyder and then recollect that similar is the distress of your threadbare 
 friend, 
 
 M. Byles. 
 
 (P. S.) Love to every body at home. Are the little folks inoculated? 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Fredericton, 14th May, 1786. 
 
 Dear Chip,—I want at the next exhibition to open a handsome blast. 
 I mean, if I can get materials, to start with an explanation of the general 
 principles on which the Code of Laws for this country was built, and X in¬ 
 tend to take the Laws one by one and convince the good people of York 
 County that the representatives of the Country have done their duty, and 
 
 *Probably Gabriel Van Horne, who kept the leading inn or tavern at Fred¬ 
 ericton in early times. 
 
 fThis was the road leading from St. John to the head of the Bay of Fundy 
 through the counties of Kings and Westmorland, known as “the Old Westmor¬ 
 land Hoad.” 
 
 JThe St. Ann’s road was the road from St. John to Fredericton on the west 
 side of the river. 
 
 || Coffin’s Creek probably was the Nerepis River. 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 331 
 
 that the inhabitants at large ought to consider themselves everlastingly 
 obliged &c. &c. &c. You may laugh at the idea—and you eternally do, all 
 of you, laugh at such matters as trivial, unimportant, and weighing noth¬ 
 ing in the great political scale, hut you are mistaken. I have watched the 
 thermometers here with unremitted attention. I know how they fluctuate 
 and I see the necessity of keeping up a steady course of operations. In the 
 present instance I could do without your assistance, possibly, but I should 
 hammer and work at a terrible rate and, probably, in the end make some 
 mistakes. You by devoting half an hour can prevent it. At any rate, for 
 Heaven’s sake send me up, if ’tis possible, the laws in a collected body im¬ 
 mediately, and I think your shortest way to gratify me will he to send your 
 own notes at the end of ’em. Don’t fail me at this time, I find that our 
 next Court will he attended by a multitude of people, and that the opening 
 of it is a matter of great expectation. You know how ambitious I am in 
 such cases, and you know, and therefore must commend my present 
 motives. I am involved in such variety of business that I really cannot at¬ 
 tend with sufficient care to this matter. My engagements as a farmer, 
 gardner, fisherman, and trustee* are very serious. 
 
 And now Chip what should hinder you from making an excursion 
 here on the 2d Tuesday of June? You will certainly be engaged in one 
 cause and that will give you an opportunity of shewing yourself to the 
 people. There is really a great deal of business in embryo here, and it will 
 come out by degrees. I feel too much interested to use all the arguments 
 which flow upon me on this occasion. I therefore will say no more about 
 it. 
 
 I write this helter-skelter at a Table where the Trustees are sitting. 
 Let me hear from you as soon as possible. 
 
 Ever and Ever, Yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 (P. S.) The case which I am desired to retain you in is Chew against 
 Cox, for Cox. It is about a horse. 
 
 H. M. Gordon to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 20th May, 1786. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—The packet has this moment arrived and brought 
 the appointment of Sir Guy Carleton to be the Governor General and 
 Commander in Chief in the remaining British Dominions. ’Tis both civil 
 and military, it does not effect Gov. Parr further than he is to have no more 
 than the dignified title of Lt. Governor. My General is fixed! to go home 
 (tho’ not expected) as soon alter Sir Guy’s arrival as he can obtain leave, 
 
 *A trustee for the laying out and settlement of the city of Fredericton. 
 fThat is, fixed in his resolve. 
 
332 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEKS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 and I think him perfectly right. He has had a most friendly [letter] 
 from His Grace of Argyle and I am sure he will not suffer on his return. 
 
 I was sorry to he obliged to write you officially this day relative to the 
 discontinuance of your appointment, but as I have a fellow feeling it be¬ 
 came the less irksome for I’m sure neither you nor I expected to hold it so 
 long, indeed we always thought it useless. However I have only to beg of 
 you my good friend to forward your accounts and vouchers with all expedi¬ 
 tion, for I don’t know where I am to go, but it will be somewhere and very 
 soon, so pray don’t delay if you have any regard for an old Friend. 
 
 It is not in my power to say who comes or goes yet; when I learn you 
 shall hear from 
 
 Your sincere Friend, 
 
 H. M. Gordon. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Fredericton, 26th May, 1786. 
 
 My dear Chip,—The inclosed letter to the Governor with the examin¬ 
 ations contained therein will explain to you a transaction which has been 
 the source of great concern to our friend Col. Allen and myself. You will 
 peruse the papers, seal the letter to the Governor and present it, and I ex¬ 
 pect of you that you will in our behalf urge the absolute necessity of the 
 attendance of the Chief Justice. 
 
 The Indians on one hand are clamorous for an instant decision. The 
 multitude (I mean the people of the country) cannot reconcile themselves 
 to the idea that two men of fair character should be sacrificed to satisfy 
 the barbarous claim of a set of savages. They are almost persuaded to a 
 man that the prisoners had no ill intention. In this situation you will 
 naturally suppose that we have an arduous task to keep them quiet. We 
 have assured both parties that the men shall be tried fairly and (if guilty) 
 that they will be punished. We have told them that the Chief Justice of 
 the Province must attend and that he will set off as soon as he receives 
 the information from us. 
 
 For fear of accidents I wish when you deliver the Governor’s letter 
 that you would, if necessary, suggest the peculiar situation o£ Col. Allen. 
 The whole Corps of Indians are encamped around his house, and their rude¬ 
 ness has already distressed bis family and made him unhappy. He has 
 lately made a contract with them for a lot of land*, and they think they 
 
 * Judge Isaac Allen, in 1794, purchased from the Indians 500 acres, their 
 reserve at Aukpaque (Spring Hill), and the island called Savage Island, for 
 the sum of $1,650. This purchase was made by permission of the governor in 
 council. The village of Indians engaged in a very hilarious celebration of the 
 event, which lasted until the money was all spent. Judge Allen was personally 
 very kind to the Indians; also to the negroes, a little colony of whom lived at 
 Kingsclear. 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 333 
 
 have a right to call on him whenever they please. This event has increased 
 their familiarity and I believe if they had an idea that he possessed auth¬ 
 ority to decide in the present case, they would press him to a peremptory 
 decision, and if it was not agreeable to them they might render the situa¬ 
 tion of the family very uncomfortable. I am not apt you know to antici¬ 
 pate evils, but I really suspect that the Indians would be very troublesome 
 on such an occasion. 
 
 These considerations induce me to wish that the Chief Justice will 
 come and that he will come immediately. I know Allen will not offer any 
 of these reasons it is therefore doubly my duty. Impress ’em strongly on 
 the Governor. 
 
 And now Chip let me tell you once more that I think you should 
 come to this Country on some public occasion. Can a better opportunity 
 offer than the present? The prosecution is a matter of natural expecta¬ 
 tion on the one side and of great concern on the other. Either the Attor¬ 
 ney or Solicitor General must and ought to attend. Allen authorizes me 
 to tell you that he has business of some consequence to engage you in. 
 There are a variety of other reasons why Judge Ludlow and yourself 
 should come. Don’t fail. 
 
 Allen’s gown and band is at your house. His coat and waistcoat at 
 Judge Putnam’s. Pray don’t forget ’em. He’s very anxious about ’em. 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Mather Byles to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [St. John] Wednesday P. M., 16th Aug’t, 1786. 
 
 I perfectly agree with you that marble covered note books should not 
 be disgraced with the lumber of accounts current and receipts—they should 
 be wholly devoted to “serious love letters” and I have accordingly altered 
 my first determination of undertaking a second volume and shall only 
 write a long story on quarto. 
 
 In the first place about your provisions—neither peas nor beans are 
 to be had and bread was so much dearer than flour that I didn’t hesitate 
 about taking the latter. I chose the fattest pork I could pick out from the 
 consideration that it would go farther. Both were procured from Hayt 
 the auctioneer, who sells much cheaper than any person in town, but sells 
 only for ready money. I thought it better to pay now than give 20 per 
 cent, more six months hence, when it is probable you will be full as poor 
 as at present. Coffin had parted with every fish he could spare and I 
 could not find any elsewhere. Rum is 3s. 6d. a gallon here and if you can 
 get it at that price at Fredericton there is no advantage in sending any. 
 
334 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 Carre has another barrel of crackers on hoard his sloop for you which 
 I hope will reach you without accident. I stuffed into the hold just as he 
 was setting off last time a bag containing two bushels of hair, which was 
 all Peter Grim can muster for the present; tell me how much more you 
 want and I will send it. Mr. Hazen says you may find in the lime he sent 
 you abundance which is white enough for plaister or white wash, and he 
 should not he able to find better if he picked out a hogshead. 
 
 I shall send you one hundred dollars by Donham. For heaven’s sake 
 make some settlement about the Pouquouck business as soon as possible 
 [evidently referring to the Winslow mill at Pokiok]—it makes my heart 
 ache every sum I pay for you now, as I fear it may subject you to future 
 distress—’tis a key I can’t touch upon hut my own cheerfulness suffers as 
 much as yours can, and will till I see you disemharassed. 
 
 Col. and Judge Ludlow are I suppose with you. I have said to Don- 
 ham that he had better do nothing about the windows till I hear from 
 you, hut I have desired Gabriel to let him reconnoitre the house and make 
 what observations he pleases. I will undertake to get your paper by the 
 first conveyance if its in Halifax. * * * 
 
 So much for business public and private. And now for a little 
 “marble covered” chit chat. 
 
 When Major Gordon’s latest accounts are once more out of my hands I 
 shall feel a little at leisure. I think they will all be entered and the 
 duplicate transmitted by the middle of September. The moment this duty 
 is over I have made my resolution to step on board Carre and pay a visit at 
 St. Anns. It will save you the trouble and expense of a visit to the city 
 [St. John]. We can settle the accounts of the period, make all the esti¬ 
 mates and write all the letters in two days, and then, for four or five more 
 at least, I will enjoy myself in the society of a friend who is next to my 
 heart, and whose conversation is my greatest pleasure. We will talk over 
 everything, decide on the probability of all your schemes, prove that every¬ 
 thing must turn out right in the end, and we’ll have abundance of pudding 
 and plenty of baked beans. Lord I haven’t spent such a five days this six 
 months as it will be. I shall keep it in view and work for the month to 
 come with double alacrity. 
 
 I love to read your affectionate paragraphs, not that they give me new 
 ideas of you or your friendship but they revive a whole train of old ones, 
 and there isn’t a more pleasing sensation can swell the heart of man than 
 that which I feel when I read them—it choaks one a little to he sure— 
 something like an egg in the neck of a quart bottle if you know how that 
 
 is. * * * * 
 
 Mrs. and Miss Cottnam have got settled here and open school in a day 
 or two. The detachment of Artillery has also arrived and a Mr. Rainsford, 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 336 
 
 a half pay officer of the 9th, with his family. He is appointed Receiver 
 General of Quit rents and takes a farm on the river near Saint Anns. 
 
 There is little news at Halifax. The Nantucket settlement* goes on 
 slowly and the whaling voyages this season have not been successful. 
 Hinchelwood has been tried for a riot in Col. Goold’s house, is found 
 guilty and 'tis thought the fine will be nearly equal to the value of his 
 estate. 
 
 The Commissioner has taken down his house at the dock yard and is 
 building a very magnificent one in the same spot. 
 
 Jonathan SneHingt has been here lately and has made a purchase of 
 Dr. Paine’s Island where he removes immediately and Foster Hutchinson 
 will go with him. 
 
 My Father mentions the College in his last letter as a great object of 
 his -wishes, and bids me thank you for the friendly offers of your assistance. 
 The Governor and Sir John are still at Cumberland and Major Coffin sailed 
 this morning for Rhode Island. * * * 
 
 Remember me very affectionately to the family and tell the Portland 
 ladies it's high time they got back. Donham takes a set of new fashioned 
 china for Polly’s tea table, which is so brilliant that I’m sure it must please 
 her. 
 
 Most affectionately yours, 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 Col. Thos. Carleton’s Appointment as Brigadier General. 
 
 Head Quarters, Quebec, 
 
 October 25th, 1786. 
 
 Colonel Thomas Carleton is appointed to act as Brigadier General to 
 His Majesty’s Forces in North America and Newfoundland. After the 
 departure of Major General Campbell the Troops stationed in Nova Scotia 
 and its dependencies, New Brunswick and Newfoundland, will make their 
 reports to Brigadier General Carleton, which he will transmit to the Com¬ 
 mander in Chief by every convenient opportunity. 
 
 Mather Byles to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Friday Evening [Nov. 1786.] 
 
 My dear Sir,—Since enclosing my letters by Mr. Odell I have received 
 your favours by Mr. Odber+ and Captain Powell. I have devoted the day 
 
 *For information regarding the Nantucket Settlement see Canadian Archives for 
 1894 under dates May 26, July 26, Aug. 1, and Nov. 15, 1785; also April 20, May 30, 
 and June 29, 1786. 
 
 tJonathan Snelling of Boston came to Halifax in 1776 with the British forces. 
 He married a daughter of Judge Foster Hutchinson. He died in Halifax in 1809, aged 
 51 years. Doctor Paine’s Island, now called Fry’s Island is near Harbor Le Tang, in 
 Charlotte County, N. B. 
 
 JOf the firm of Hall, Lewis, Odber & Co., who at this time had an extensive 
 business at St. John. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 T1786 
 
 to collecting the articles you have wrote for, and as the evening is pretty 
 far advanced shall only have time to give you a concise account of my 
 operations. * * * 
 
 The paper hanging which you sent down the pattern of was all pur¬ 
 chased by Ward, and I was very glad of it, for I thought it precious ugly. 
 I have got another pattern which I hope, for the honor of my taste, you 
 will like much better. There was no room for it in the box and I have put 
 it in Carre’s cabin. What think you of the inclosed pattern for one of the 
 small bed rooms? ’tis cheap and I fancy would look well. Ask Mama. 
 There is no paper in the place that will do for the great room, but you 
 don’t want it immediately and I’ll get it from Halifax if you don’t go your¬ 
 self. 
 
 All the articles of your list that were to be found here are in the box 
 except a handkerchief which I borrowed and is at present under the care 
 of Betty. It is too thin to steal so you shall have it next time. I heard 
 you say you left some shirts at Merritts, there were none here. There isn’t 
 a candle in the place, nor a white wash brush, nor a mouthful of pink root. 
 Capt. Sproule will deliver you the Elixer and Sal Volatile. 
 
 Peter Grim will have no hair before Monday and I have positively 
 engaged his whole stock, which you shall have as soon as I can get it to you. 
 I did not know for what purposes the sheeting was wanted of course I acted 
 in the dark. The piece I have sent is very cheap. Colville asked £3. 15s. 
 for the same, Randall’s was in my opinion very dear 2s. 3d.—very little 
 finer and only yard wide. 
 
 The iron backs are on beard Carre* not exactly the size you wrote for 
 but as nigh it as I could get them. They come out in assorted sizes and 
 were the same in all the shops. 
 
 You had better let me know what provisions you will want for the win¬ 
 ter; by purchasing it together it may possibly be laid in to more advantage. 
 The easy chair is an article that I am very suspicious if I shall meet with, 
 but I have engaged Hoyt 1 ! to look out for me. * * * 
 
 Tell Mama I generally see little Maryf once a day; she is very well and 
 in fine spirits. I have set her up with a whole apparatus of combs, thim¬ 
 bles, spelling books, &c. The novelty of the scene as far at it was dis¬ 
 agreeable has worn off, & she has so many little companions with her that 
 
 ♦That is Carr’s vessel, which sailed up and down the river. 
 fProbably Monson Hoyt, who was then in business in St. John, but possibly 
 James Hoyt, a well known auctioneer. 
 
 JMary, the young daughter of Edward Winslow, was attending Mrs. Cott- 
 nam’s school. 
 
1786] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS, 
 
 337 
 
 she can’t fail of passing her time cheerfully. Mrs. Cottnam* wishes you 
 would send down her steele collar by the first opportunity. 
 
 Remember me affectionately to all at home; what a house full you 
 have! 
 
 I share in all your difficulties and embarrassments as a Son in the dis¬ 
 tress of his Father, but I think you have passed the deepest part of the 
 slough, and giving out now would be bad as be darn’d, as the Major says. 
 
 If Captain Sutherland dees not go in the morning, shall send the slips 
 and roots by him; if he does they shall go by Carre next time. Coffin will 
 be in Town on Sunday and I will settle something about Looseley’s place, 
 you shali know the result. 
 
 While the navigation of the river is free you should collect your winter 
 stock of things from the City. 
 
 Once more let me assure you that every exertion which I can make to 
 render you comfortable gladdens the heart of 
 Your affectionate, 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 Col. Thomas Dundas to Earl Cornwallis. 
 
 City of St. John, Province of Hew Brunswick, 
 
 December 28, 1786. 
 
 My Lord,—Although at a great distance from this part of the globe, 
 with your attention fully occupied with other matters, I hope a few lines 
 will not be unacceptable from one who has often experienced your friend¬ 
 ship. My colleague and I, after having finished the business of our com¬ 
 mission at Halifax, visited all the different settlements of Nova Scotia, 
 which surpass anything I could expect to have seen in a climate which has 
 seven months winter. The new settlements made by the Loyalists are in a 
 thriving way, although rum and idle habits contracted during the war are 
 much against them. They have experienced every possible injury from 
 the old inhabitants of Nova Scotia, who are even more disaffected towards 
 the British Government than any of the new States ever were. This makes 
 me much doubt their remaining long dependent. 
 
 In the month of October we came to the province where we found 
 very different principles. Mr. Carleton by his own attention and firmness, 
 assisted by a well chosen council has established good government. The 
 province contains all that part of Nova Scotia which lies to the westward 
 of the Bay of Fundy. It contains good lands, the farmers who have fled 
 
 *Mrs. Cottnam was a widow, the daughter of Edward Howe, who was killed 
 treacherously by the Indians in 1750. She came to St. John to try the experi¬ 
 ment of a school about 1786. Her school was a boarding school for young ladies. 
 After the death of her mother, Mrs. Howe, in 1793, the daughter Deborah 
 Cottnam was allowed the same pension from the government £100 stg., until 
 her own death on the last day of the year 1806. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1781 
 
 from the States are well pleased with the soil. The number of Loyalists is 
 12,000. The old inhabitants are not 3,000 and these are a despicable race 
 ready to sell their improvements as the Loyalists are enabled to purchase 
 from them. 
 
 To all appearances the country will be able to furnish com, vegetables 
 and cattle to the West India Islands. Lumber in the quantity required 
 they must look for elsewhere. I cannot say much for the industry of the 
 disbanded soldiers, indeed I cannot say that I ever saw the policy of bribing 
 soldiers of the Line to leave their regiments—it has by no means answered. 
 All the tradesmen who would be valuable at home are starving here or gone 
 to the States. The half-pay provincial officers are valuable settlers as they 
 axe enabled to live well and improve their lands. 
 
 Every day brings us a new account of the distracted state of America. 
 Some say that the present wish of the majority is to return to the situation 
 they were in before the war. This I by no means think, but I can say that 
 the friendly disposition of the people towards Great Britain is most won¬ 
 derfully restored, considering that in 1783 we were inveterate enemies. 
 
 Having had the misfortune to lose my father last summer. Lady 
 Eleanor, finding her attention to my parents no longer necessary, volun¬ 
 teered an expedition across the Atlantic with only her maid and an old 
 servant. She is now with me and desires me to offer her best compliments. 
 She rode your old horse from Halifax to Annapolis, and thinks she has 
 seen more of America than some of our Generals of the late war. 
 
 I expect to have finished the business in this province before the 
 month of May next when we shall go to Canada, and we hope to return to 
 Great Britain by summer 1788, when it will give most sincere pleasure 
 both to Lady Eleanor and me to hear of your good health and that your 
 situation is comfortable. 
 
 Pray remember me to Boss and Haldane. 
 
 Be assured, 
 
 &e. &c. 
 
 Thomas Dundas. 
 
 Lord Dorchester to Lt. Gov. Carleton. 
 
 Quebec, 3d January, 1787. 
 
 Sir,—I received your letter Ho. 1 on the 25th ult., by which I learn 
 that the Settlers on the upper part of the Biver St. John are alarmed by 
 the menaces of the Indians in that District. The measures you have taken 
 to enable the Settlers to defend themselves, I very much approve of. 
 When I arrive at Hew Brunswick, I propose to review your Militia, and 
 hope to find them so well armed and arrayed, as to give the province all 
 reasonable security. 
 
1787] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 339 
 
 At the same time that You take proper measures, for the defence and 
 security of the province, good policy requires, that the Indians should be 
 treated with civility and kindness. You may at a cheaper rate secure 
 their friendship, than repel their hostilities. Besides the policy of this 
 conduct, common justice requires some attention and some compensation to 
 these people, whose lands we come to occupy. This I fear, owing to their 
 distance from Halifax, then the seat of Government, has not been fully 
 observed. 
 
 I would recommend, that on every opportunity these Indians be benev¬ 
 olently treated, and occasionally sent home with presents for their families. 
 But this should be more particularly practised, and the presents should be 
 more considerable, before any new Concessions of land, so that they may 
 be entirely satisfied with the transaction. 
 
 The Chiefs should also be encouraged to come in, and make their com¬ 
 plaints, when any of their tribes receive ill treatment. 
 
 It has been reported, that a soldier shot one of them, and wounded a 
 woman*. It is said also, that the malefactor has been hanged. If so, Jus¬ 
 tice has been satisfied, but the Indians should be assured of the fact. This 
 is the more necessary, as one of those tribes has been executed here, not 
 very long since, for a like crime. 
 
 I detained your Messenger till I was able to send a confidential Inter¬ 
 preter with him. Such a one now goes with compliments of condolence, 
 and a promise of presents at a proper season to cover the dead. He is to 
 invite some of their Chiefs to come to Quebec next summer, and open' all 
 their complaints. He also carries a message to the Acadians, who I hear 
 have not only been driven off their lands, but other ways ill treated. To 
 prevent a misfortune of the kind in future, a Grant should be made out for 
 them in due form. 
 
 I understand the high land, which runs by the great rapids t on the 
 Biver St. John, is the boundary, and separates Canada from Hew Bruns¬ 
 wick and the Hew England Provinces. Therefore all who choose to settle 
 west of that range of hills will become Canadians; those who remain to the 
 East are of course Hew Brunswickers, and will deserve your protection. 
 
 In the meanwhile, and until the business is ripe for regular Grants, 
 
 ♦The soldiers here referred to were David Nelson and William Harboard, 
 late of the Queen’s Rangers. They were examined on Wednesday, the 24th of 
 May, before Edward Winslow and Col. Isaac Allen, the shooting having 
 occurred . the previous Saturday. The trial took place before Chief Justice 
 Ludlow (Judge Allen being also on the bench) on June 13, 1786; the prisoners 
 were found guilty, and Nelson was hanged on June 23rd,, while Harboard was 
 pardoned. This was the first trial for murder on the St. John River. It is 
 described in No. 69 of the Editor’s Historic Articles published in the Wood- 
 stock Dispatch. Justice was speedy in those days. The Indian’s name was 
 Pierre Bonwah. 
 
 fThe Grand Falls. 
 
340 WINSLOW FAPEKS. [1787 
 
 they can only have general assurances, that they shall have them as soon as 
 regularity will permit, and this promise should remain inviolate. 
 
 I am with regard 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Lord Dorchester to Lieut. Gov. Carleton. 
 
 Quebec, 3d January, 1787. 
 
 Sir,—I inclose a plan for establishing a regular conveyance of Letters 
 between Halifax and Quebec drawn up by the Deputy Postmaster General 
 of this Province, which you will he pleased to take into consideration and 
 report to me Your opinion thereon, for I consider a regular communica¬ 
 tion between the Kings Provinces of public utility and therefore hope for 
 your assistance in forming that arrangement. I am with respect. 
 
 Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 General Euggles to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Mount Maudenit, Wilmot, April 29th, 1787. 
 
 Dear Sir,—At the time I wrote you on behalf of Elias Graves wishing 
 to purchase 100 acres of land in Wilmot, he was considered as the most 
 prudent, industrious person of his age in this part of the province. Be¬ 
 fore I received your answer he had got into a very unsteady way, neglecting 
 his business and drinking excessively. I sent for him and told him if he 
 did not reform his conduct and mind his business better I could not by any 
 means advise you to complete the bargain, upon which he promised amend¬ 
 ment and that he would go to clearing upon it as soon as the snow would 
 allow of it; before that time he was raving distracted, was soon confined 
 and remains confined under Dr. Lawrence’s care. I thought if he would 
 enter upon the land and make improvements, it might take away the pre¬ 
 tence of your friend Morris’ instituting a suit for escheating the Grant, if 
 Graves never accomplished the purchase. But as the case now stands I 
 am afraid you will lose the whole unless you can represent to Lord Dorches¬ 
 ter the suffering of your Father’s family and your own good services, in 
 such a manner as to obtain his prohibition till other Grants, made 
 years before yours, are escheated. I am told Mr. Aplin is rumageing up 
 evidence in order to lay open the iniquitous conduct of administration ever 
 since the peace took place. Perhaps he may find so much business for 
 them to defend themselves as at least to damp their ordour for distressing 
 one of the first families in New England, and who from generation to gen¬ 
 eration have done more public service in reality and from real principles of 
 
1787] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 341 
 
 Loyalty in one year of their lives, than all the junto of publick blood 
 suckers in Halifax from the beginning of that settlement. * * 
 
 Believe me to be, dear Sir, 
 
 Your obed’t servt. 
 
 Timothy Buggies*. 
 
 Major Barclay to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Wilmot, 3d May, 1787. 
 
 You have a right, and I know you will deem me an inattentive fel¬ 
 low in not answering your letter of last autumn ere this; and perhaps you 
 go a step farther and think me equally careless of your interest. In the 
 first you are right. I plead guilty, and throw myself on the benevolence 
 of your disposition for forgiveness. But with regard to your Wilmot Land, 
 I have exerted myself to find a purchaser for the whole or any part; hith¬ 
 erto I have found no one able. Money is not to be had, and lands are 
 solicited to be given away. 
 
 The plan I have adopted with my own land (which joins yours) if 
 agreeable to you I will execute with yours. I have laid out the tract in 
 three hundred and one hundred acre lots alternately. The one hundred 
 lots I give away on certain conditions of Improvement. The others I re¬ 
 serve for myself. By this means the Escheat is prevented, and by having 
 settlers on each side of your lots, your land is encreased to ten times its 
 value. I make no doubt you will approve of the mode; if so send me a 
 power of attorney. I have two very good men ready to go on; one with a 
 family strong handed, the other a single man. 
 
 By this time I hope you are comfortably settled and find everything 
 coincide with your wishes. I feel myself interested in your welfare and 
 am not a little pleased in hearing from everyone how universal your good 
 offices are to all Ranks of People; and how much you are beloved and re¬ 
 spected. I am convinced you act from principle as well as Inclination, and 
 therefore make no doubt but you will be satisfied with the approbation of 
 your own conscience. If you expect a return from mankind in general, you 
 will be disappointed. Gratitude is seldom an ingredient in the human 
 composition. 
 
 My farm begins to look civilized and yield profit. This year I hope 
 to raise more grain than any farmer in the country, and my meadows will 
 furnish me with forty tons of Hay. Society is all we want, and on that 
 account I often wish myself your neighbor. 
 
 The Colonel will move over the beginning of June. Our situation 
 
 ♦Timothy Ruggles. See biographical note under letter of Edward Winslow 
 to Dr. Jeffries in the year 1779. 
 
342 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1787 
 
 will be then still more solitary. Present my best regards to Mrs. Winslow, 
 you good mother and sister. 
 
 I am dear Winslow, with sincere affection 
 
 Ever yours, Tho. Barclay. 
 
 Lord Dorchester to Lieut. Gov. Carleton. 
 
 Quebec, 29th May, 1787. 
 
 Sir,—I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letters No 9 & 10. 
 
 You will be pleased to direct the Surveyor General of the Province of 
 New Brunswick to be at the Great Falls on the Eiver Saint John on the 
 15th of July next, where he will meet the Surveyor General of the Prov¬ 
 ince of Quebec for the purpose of settling the boundaries between the two 
 Provinces. This done it will be expedient to grant the lands at the dif¬ 
 ferent carrying places as soon as possible, that a road of communication 
 may be established, and the proposed plan for a regular conveyance by 
 Post once a month between Halifax and this place (since it has met with 
 your approbation and that of Lieutenant Governor Parr) carried into ex¬ 
 ecution without delay. I am convinced that many advantages will result 
 therefrom immediately, though the carrying place between this and Fred¬ 
 ericton must be tolerably settled before a complete security can be ex¬ 
 pected. I purpose to send Mr. Finlay in order to make the necessary 
 arrangements with the Post-masters of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 
 
 The Military Express from Halifax, I understand has hitherto been a 
 great discouragement to the Post office. As soon as the above mentioned 
 conveyance shall have taken place this will no longer be necessary, except 
 when dispatch or the importance of the letters may require a special mes¬ 
 senger. 
 
 I am with regard. 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 humble servant, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Major Barclay to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Wilmot, 2d July, 1787. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Your power of attorney inclosed, in a very affec¬ 
 tionate letter came safe. I shall therefore give possession to Two men of 
 300 acres. The conditions on which they settle are that they are to clear 
 twelve acres to every hundred and that within six years. They are to clear 
 at least ten acres per hundred every year and when their complement is 
 made up, to have a Deed in fee simple. 
 
 I am not apt to be sanguine but I really think those mountain lands 
 
1787] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 343 
 
 will be valuable. You would be pleased to see the flourishing state of the 
 settlement on what was called Pemberton’s Grant in my rear. My Grant 
 joins that, on which I have three settlers; Yours succeeds and has the ad¬ 
 vantage of having the Lands both East and West of it improved, with very 
 tolerable access. You may rely on my taking the same care of your land 
 as I do of my own*. 
 
 Could I transport my farm and my family at a wish I would soon be 
 an inhabitant of York County. At the time Governor Carleton arrived 
 my finances would not admit of the expense of removing and building, and 
 the office held up to me was not sufficiently promising to risque the taking 
 up money, I therefore reluctantly gave up the idea and hardly now enter¬ 
 tain a hope of ever being an Inhabitant on your side the Bay. 
 
 Our situation is truly solitary, but I never can think of removing 
 unless the prospect promises advantage to my family. 
 
 The Academy! you are setting on foot would be no small Induce¬ 
 ment, as I fear my dear Boys will suffer greatly from this retirement. I 
 am indebted to you for your kind offer. The Gentleman you propose as 
 your Master (or President) is an intimate acquaintance and classmate of 
 mine. A man of the strictest Honor and Integrity, possessed of every 
 good and amiable quality, but neither of a shining genius or favorite of 
 the Graces. In the Languages (unless he has improved himself since he 
 left college) hardly tolerable. And I doubt whether he knows more of 
 Mathematics, Geography, &c. &c., than either of us. You may however 
 depend on his attention and his exertions. Pray let no one know of my 
 opinion, I would not have it transpire for the world, nor would I wish to 
 injure so worthy a man, and one for whom I have the greatest regard. I 
 wish you had communicated your design at an earlier period; there is a 
 Gentleman in Hew York (who I think it probable. Judge Ludlow has for¬ 
 got) who for the above purpose is equal if not superior to any man in the 
 world; he has kept school in New York many years and I scarce think the 
 salary you offer would have been an inducement. No money however 
 ought to have prevented your procuring him, for really I doubt whether 
 he has an equal in any one branch of polite literature. In giving you the 
 character of Mr. Alexanded Leslie t I would not speak thus positive on my 
 own opinion solely, but I have repeatedly heard many men of the first 
 abilities in New York (as Jay, Varda, and Livingston) speak of him as a 
 
 ♦Through the kindness of Col. Barclay these lands were preserved to the 
 Winslow family, and sold for their benefit shortly after Colonel Winslow’s 
 decease. 
 
 fThe Academy at Fredericton was the germ of the present University of 
 New Brunswick. 
 
 | Alexander Leslie was master of the Grammar Schooi of Kings (Columbia) college 
 in New York. He was was a Loyalist but remained in the country and continued to 
 teach school at New York. 
 
344 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1787 
 
 man of more real learning than any they knew. His character is respectable 
 and while Usher to a large Grammar School I went to, I only recollect one 
 fault in him, too mild a disposition; hut keeping school for fifteen years 
 has probably corrected that weakness. Whenever I send a boy of mine I 
 would cheerfully add five pounds to the present expence to have him under 
 Leslie. 
 
 If Mr. Harrison has not left the country ask him Mr. Leslie’s charac¬ 
 ter. I have freely given you my opinion from a sincere wish for the 
 advancement of your Infant Seminary, and rely on it everything depends 
 01 . the ability of your first Tutor. 
 
 Beverly* ere this is with you. A better man never existed. This is 
 the first separation we have ever known from our earliest Infancy, and both 
 Mrs. Barclay and myself feel the loss of him and my sister. 
 
 I hope you will give me a call in your way through; if not send me 
 word beforehand and I will meet you on the Eoad. I have made my own 
 road very tolerable this year. 
 
 Your appointment as Military Secretary affords me pleasure; it will 
 give you an opportunity perhaps of getting something better in the civil 
 line. 
 
 Remember me to all friends, Mrs. Winslow in particular. God bless 
 
 you. 
 
 Ever most faithfully Yours 
 
 - Tho. Barclay. 
 
 Mather Byles Jr. to Edward Winslow. 
 
 July 21,1787. 
 
 * * * The Town [St. John] is now pretty well cleared of 
 
 the small pox and as Mrs. Winslow Sr. has been very unwell for some days 
 past, Sally gives up the idea of going to Fredericton before the family 
 moves. Miss Winslow is yet at the manor so that I cannot consult her. 
 
 Mrs. Cottnam is averse to Mary’s having the small pox there if it can 
 be avoided, but I suppose if she sees it necessary she can have no objection. 
 
 You have by this time heard of the arrival of Judge Sewell. He 
 speaks of you with great affection and hopes you will make one of the 
 Sanhedrim who are to decide upon the place of his future residence. The 
 family dined with us yesterday and appear very happy in their removal 
 from Bristol. 
 
 ******* 
 
 Mather Byles Jr. to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Thursday Evening, 2d August, 1787. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I wrote you two days ago by Mr. Marston and trans¬ 
 mitted the report of the Board on the abstract to the 24th June. Hone 
 
 ‘•‘Beverley Robinson, jr., whose wife was a sister of Thos. Barclay. 
 
1787] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 345 
 
 •of the accounts to he examined have been yet given in and if General Bruce 
 is away three weeks, as he says at present he intends, it will be some time 
 before the business is completed. I am sorry for Mr. Hazen as his opera¬ 
 tions with his mill* & collecting wood! on the new contract make an im¬ 
 mediate supply of money absolutely necessary. * * * 
 
 I have a letter from my father in which he mentions having wrote 
 you. I suppose the letter went by the last express and hope you will re¬ 
 ceive it safe. 
 
 I don’t know whether you recollect the two Quaker gentlemen who 
 were here last year as preachers from Philadelphia. In the course of their 
 tour they visited Beaver Harbor f and observing the great poverty of the 
 settlers, they on their return raised a subscription among the Quakers and 
 with the produce of it purchased and shipped a donation of coarse flour 
 and Indian meal with some other necessaries to be distributed among 
 them. It has arrived safe and will probably save large numbers of them 
 from starving. Of all the private actions that ever have fallen under my 
 observation I recollect none so extensively benevolent so genuinely disin¬ 
 terested. To make use of an expression of your own, it puts one in mind 
 of the times when Human Nature stood upon its legs. 
 
 * * As ever. Your very affectionate and faithful 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 Thomas Aston Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 27 Aug, 1787. 
 
 My dear Ned,—I have received yours by Doctor Edwards, tho’ I have 
 not had the Pleasure of seeing him; the letter was sent but he has not 
 come near me. Be assured I shall always be happy to shew attention to 
 your Friends. * * * * 
 
 You say not a word of my Godson & namesake. I suspect the poor 
 boy is a cripple before this. I saved his life two or three times at Gran¬ 
 ville. How many are added since I left, and what are their names. *1 
 
 *The mill mentioned above was built about this time for grinding wheat 
 and corn. It stood at the outlet of the old mill pond near the Union Depot at 
 St. John. It was a tide mill and probably replaced an older mill built by 
 Simonds and White about 1767. Ward Chipman had an interest in the mills 
 built here. 
 
 He says in a letter to Thos. A. Coffin, written the 8th June, 1788, that the 
 whole expense when completed would be about £2,000, which was owned at that 
 time in the following proportions: Ward Chipman, 8-16; Jonathan Bliss, 2-16; 
 Hazen and White, 6-16. The management of the mill was entrusted to William 
 Hazen. There was a saw mill upon the same dam. Thos. A. Coffin became the 
 purchaser of 1-4 interest in the mill. The millwright under whose supervision 
 the mill was built was a Mr. Bedell, late of Staten Island—probably John Bedell, 
 who afterwards went to Woodstock, N. B. 
 
 fWilliam Hazen frequently contracted to supply the garrison with fire wood. 
 
 JThe parish of Pennfield in Charlotte County was settled by Pennsylvania 
 Quakers, who were Loyalists. 
 
m 
 
 WINSLO’W PAPERS. 
 
 [1787 
 
 should like much to have been of the party with Nat. I would have joined 
 in the laugh with all my heart. We shall meet I hope one of these days 
 but when is uncertain. Should you come this way in the course of the- 
 winter I still have a matrass and blanket for you. 
 
 When you see Judge Sewell remember me to him & family. To Major 
 Hailes present my best wishes. Adieu & believe me my Dear Ned. 
 
 Most truly & affctionately 
 Yours, 
 
 Thos. Aston Coffin. 
 
 The Prince is here; has been rec’d in great pomp. Balls, Dinners*, 
 Suppers, Fireworks, &c, take up our whole attention. 
 
 Major Gilfred Studholme to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sept., 1787. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—In my last hurried letter I forgot making my acknowl¬ 
 edgements for your kind promise of paying me a visit in the course of the 
 season. Should any Great People propose coming in your train, pray drop 
 me a hint in time as you must suppose a Farm-house will require consider¬ 
 able scrubbing, before it will be fit to receive such guests. 
 
 If I could possibly hit at the time you will visit St. John’s in the 
 course of your reviews, I propose, if my Health will admit, to meet you 
 there to make my bow on the Governor’s new appointments, and to return 
 thanks for the station allotted me in your Militia; an honor I should not 
 have indulged myself in, if I had not a very elevated opinion of the Per¬ 
 son from whom I received it; I think you’ll not be surprised at this de¬ 
 claration or my being cautious how I again put myself in the power of the 
 Great, when you recollect the vile usage I received from a certain Chief,* 
 but God forbid you should suppose I ever drew a comparison between the 
 two Characters, except to contrast the Virtues and propriety of the one 
 against the Vices and irregularities of the other. 
 
 We are very busy just now in pulling the male Hemp, and preparing 
 
 *The reference is to Chief Justice Finucane’s investigation of Studholme’s 
 administration of affairs connected with the settlement of the Loyalists. A 
 remonstrance had been forwarded, early in 1784, to Gov. Parr by some of the 
 dissatisfied among the Loyalists, and Chief Justice Finucane was sent to enquire 
 into the matter. This did not satisfy the discontented. Another complaint was 
 made to the governor, specifying particularly their grievances. Upon which 
 the agents of the Loyalists voluntarily repaired to Halifax and submitted them¬ 
 selves to trial before Gov. Parr, Lieut. Geo. Fanning and the council, Chief Justice 
 Finucane being present. After a public hearing of two days, the following was 
 the decision:—“The council are of opinion that Gilfred Studholme, William 
 “ Tyng, George Leonard, John Coffin and James Peters, magistrates and agents 
 “ on the river, having acquitted themselves in their conduct with fairness, im- 
 “ partially and propriety. 
 
 “ RICHARD BULKELEY, Secretary. 
 
 “ Halifax, 3rd August, 1784.” 
 
1 787] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 347 
 
 to water-rott it, an operation I shall pay much attention to and inform you 
 in due time of my success in this important business. 
 
 I remain most truly yours, 
 
 G. Studholme. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 New York, Sep’r 8, 1787. 
 
 Dear Ned,—I arrived here about ten days ago after a passage of Four¬ 
 teen days, a very pleasant one. Finding the ship an exceedingly good one, 
 the master and his officers very clever fellows and a good ship’s compass, 
 I have kept by her and shall take my passage home in her.* She is now 
 almost loaded and will sail in about ten days. I might have taken a pass¬ 
 age sooner in an English Packett who sailed ten days ago, but the saving 
 ten, fifteen, or more guineas just now is an object, and my getting home a 
 fortnight or three weeks sooner is none at all. 
 
 After I left you I did not know but I should have been forced to give 
 up the matter of going home altogether from the impracticability I found 
 to raise money sufficient for the expence. In short I had once abandoned 
 it, finding no one who had money to purchase bills or to let; till it came 
 into my head that possibly I might sell my bills in this place could I get 
 them endorsed by some person known here. Our friend Chippy relieved 
 me from all my perplexities by his endorsement, I sold them at 6 pr. ct. 
 premium for hard money and afterwards exchanged it, it being foreign 
 coin, for heavy English Guineas at 2 1-4 pr. ct. discount so that upon the 
 whole I got about 3 pr. ct. premium for my bills—heavy Guineas being 
 now rated at 37s. lOd. currency. So far I think we have got on exceed¬ 
 ingly clever, considering the many obstacles that lay in our way, having 
 yet done nothing to a loss. 
 
 Pray write me by some opportunity that will reach me about Christ¬ 
 mas and let me have (besides how both Families and my particular friends 
 do) every information of your publick matters that may be useful for me 
 to know. If no opportunity should offer from St. John, don’t neglect by 
 the way of Hlfx. or N. York you must direct to the care of Mr. Rashleigh 
 or Wm. Coffin. 
 
 I forgot in the state of the Trade of this City to inform you that there 
 is not one single ship on the stocks in the whole Town. Poor Divels!—tho’ 
 they richly merit every evil they yet feel and will feel, for they have many 
 more to come yet, I can’t help commiserating them a little. , 
 
 Remember me very kindly to Mrs. Winslow and all friends with you. 
 Adieu and God bless you is the fervent wish of your 
 _ Ben. Marston. 
 
 ♦Benjamin Marston was now about starting for England to prosecute his 
 claim for compensation for losses in consequence of the Revolution. He anti¬ 
 cipated a considerable sum, as he had abandoned a large business and his real 
 estate had been confiscated. He was disappointed in his expectations. 
 
348 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [178* 
 
 Hugh Finlay* to Thomas Aston Coffin. 
 
 Quebec,llth October, 1787. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Last evening I received your note with Colonel Winslow’s- 
 letter concerning Isaac Hutchinson, a person willing to settle with his 
 family on the portage at the Great Fall of St. John’s River. 
 
 In my late report to His Excellency the Governor General I noted 
 “That if some person were settled on that spot, who would keen proper 
 stores for supplying travellers, it would render journeying on that route 
 much more comfortable than it is at present.” 
 
 I think it is exceedingly lucky for the public that a man of so srood a 
 character has undertaken to sit down on that portage with his family. It 
 will be of great convenience to the Couriers, and will contribute to their 
 ease and speed. I presume Gwinn will inform me of the prospects he laid 
 open to Hutchinson to induce him to fix himself on that spot. It will give 
 me pleasure if hereafter it may be in my power to be of service to a man 
 so well recommended by Mr. Winslow. I am with regard, Dear Sir, 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
 Hugh Finlay. 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 October, 1787, Fredericton, Friday night. 
 
 My mother, Pen, and myself have at last reached this place. When 
 the vessel will get up Heaven only knows. We left it four days ago, and 
 are now more than half dead; mother is the best off. She has gone on to 
 the Colonel’s [Edward Winslow’s]; Pen and myself are at Colonel Mur¬ 
 ray’s. I am so ill with a violent cold cannot hold my head up. * * * 
 
 John Rapaljet to George Leonard. 
 
 Brooklyne, October 29, 1787. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I have taken the liberty at the desire of mv Father of 
 sending to your care, a Negro Wench named Eve and her child named 
 
 *Hugh Finlay was deputy postmaster general of British America. He died 
 at Quebec, Dec. 26, 1801. He was the senior member of council of Lower Canada. 
 The following eulogy appeared in one of the newspapers at the time of his 
 death: “As a parent, friend and loyal subject he ranked with the first in society 
 “ and his faithful and meritorious services in this province (Quebec) for up- 
 “ wards of 41 years stand sufficiently recorded to render further comment un- 
 “ necessary.” 
 
 fJohn Rapalje, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was the son of the elder John Rapalje, 
 an active Loyalist, who was apprehended by order of Washington and trans¬ 
 ported to Connecticut in August, 1776. He was allowed to return to Long Is¬ 
 land on parole. Cupidity on the part of his enemies led them to confiscate his 
 estate, estimated at £40,000 in value, by "Act of Attainder” passed October 22, 
 1779. 
 
1787] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 349 
 
 Suke, in order to dispose of them to the best advantage. He would not 
 have given this trouble had it not been from his attainder precluding him 
 availing himself of the right he had in them here, but on their voluntarily 
 going to Nova Scotia he thinks himself justifiable in selling her there. 
 She is an excellent hand at all sorts of house work except Cooking, and 
 one of the best Servants for washing, we ever had; she is perfectly honest 
 & sober, and the only fault she has, is her being near sighted; Mr. Francis 
 Pemart & his Daughter Mrs. Stoothoff, Mr. Thomas Horsfield* and Family, 
 and Mr. John Guest, know the wench well and can prove the Property. 
 
 Enclosed is a power of attorney witnessed by Capt. Mathew of the 
 Schooner Hawk & Mr. Read the owner. 
 
 Mama joins with me in presenting our most respectful compliments 
 to Mrs. Leonard and the Family. 
 
 From your Humble Servant, 
 
 John Rapalje. 
 
 George Leonard, Esqr., 
 
 Parr, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, t 
 
 Remarks of Edward Winslow Respecting the Province of New 
 Brunswick. 
 
 At the close of the American War, in 1783, the British American or 
 provincial Regiments, which had served with British pay and local rank 
 during the contest, were disbanded. The Officers and men were princi¬ 
 pally composed of refugees—or persons who had abandoned their homes 
 and from attachment to the British Government had joined the Army. 
 These men having rendered themselves peculiarly obnoxious to their 
 countrymen could not return to their former situations, indeed their pro¬ 
 perty had by formal Acts of the American Congress been confiscated and 
 themselves proscribed. It therefore became necessary that Government 
 should provide a place where they would be secure from insults and indigni¬ 
 ties and be able to provide subsistence for their families. The Commander 
 in Chief, Sir Guy Carleton, with great humanity gave directions to those 
 refugees who had not served in a-military capacity to chuse Agents for 
 themselves, and he sent them to Nova Scotia and Canada to explore the 
 country and to locate lands for such as chose to cultivate, and to fix on 
 situations for those who were engaged in the various branches of commerce 
 and the tradesmen who were connected therewith. 
 
 ♦Thomas Horsfield was a well to do Brooklyn merchant. He came to St. 
 John at the peace in 1783 and was first warden at Trinity church, in which a 
 tablet was afterwards erected in his memory. This tablet was destroyed in the 
 great fire of 1877 and no effort made to replace it in the new church. 
 
 fThis truly is a curious address, in view of the fact that the Town of Parr 
 had been nearly two and a half years nonexistent and that New Brunswick had 
 cgased to be an appendage of Nova Scotia for a still longer period. 
 
350 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1778 
 
 Sir Guy also ordered Col. Winslow, who acted as Muster-Master-Gen¬ 
 eral during the war, to proceed to the province of Nova Scotia and to 
 explore and take up a tract of land sufficient to accommodate all the Offi¬ 
 cers and men of the provincial Regiments. Winslow assisted by Lt. Col. 
 Stephen DeLancey and others, executed that duty and fixed on the river 
 St. John as the only place where there was a tract of vacant land suffi¬ 
 ciently extensive for this purpose; and in the fall of the year, so late as 
 October, there had been between 14 & 15,000 of these unfortunate people 
 landed in this inhospitable climate without a roof to cover ’em. Thus 
 commenced the settlement of New Brunswick. 
 
 By Winslow’s persevering solicitations at Halifax he obtained author¬ 
 ity to lay out Blocks of land for the several Corps, and they were immedi¬ 
 ately put in possession. These Blocks commenced at Fredericton and ex¬ 
 tended 70 miles up, to the head of the present settlements a little below 
 Presque Isle. 
 
 The following year His Majesty was pleased (in consequence of repre¬ 
 sentations made) to erect into a separate Government that part of the then 
 Province of Nova Scotia which lies on the west side of the great Bay of 
 Fundy and extended from the St. Croix (which emptys into Passama- 
 quoddy Bay) to the narrowest part of the Isthmus between the Bay of 
 Fundy and Bay of Verte, and embracing all the interior country to the 
 Canada line. Thomas Carleton, Esq’r, was appointed Governor of the 
 new Province under the name of New Brunswick. Twelve Councillors 
 were also appointed by commission from the King, and a Chief Justice 
 and three puisne Judges and such other public officers as were necessary 
 for the distribution of lands and the organization of a civil Government. 
 
 St. John’s, being at that time the principal maritime port and the 
 only compact settlement in the Province, the Governor thought it expedi¬ 
 ent to open the courts there and when a General Assembly was called he 
 met it at that place. But when an opportunity afterwards offered to ex¬ 
 plore the country more carefully, the Governor and his Council were fully 
 satisfied that it would impede the settlement to fix the seat of Government 
 at an extreme point of the province. They therefore established it at the 
 Head of the navigation of the River St. John, 80 miles from where it 
 entered the Bay of Fundy. This place, now called Fredericton, is nearly 
 in * * * [Remainder wanting.] 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 [Fredericton] January 8, 1788. 
 
 I am truly thankfull my good Friend to hear you, Mrs. Chipman & 
 little Chip are well and from my very heart and soul rejoice that we have 
 
1786J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 351 
 
 a prospect in February of the pleasure of seeing you. Shall with great 
 impatience wish for the month, and hope you will remember something is 
 due to Friendship and come determined to spend as much time with us as 
 you possibly can. Our little room is very comfortable, entirely at your 
 service to do business in, will give you a good bed & the man Ceaser is well 
 enough to be altogether devoted to you. Wish to Heaven Mrs. Chipman 
 could come but that I dare not hope for; have already too many disappoint¬ 
 ments. I wish sincerely to see you both and your little one; have much to 
 say to you, which shall adjourn until I see you for I might as well write 
 in bedlam as where I how am. At this moment there is in the room with 
 me Mrs. Miller, her two little girls, Mrs. Winslow & Debby Murray all in 
 very good spirits & Pen Winslow noisy as Satan wanting to dictate my 
 letter to you; she is too bad to say anything about her, do make haste and 
 tame her. Mine and my Mother’s love in abundance to you all, and to 
 Mr. Hazen’s family. 
 
 If you have any newspapers or magazines you can spare Do favour me 
 with them. I am very desirous to see something new, have nothing to 
 read, and want to be amused as I am not going to the birth night* and 
 have not the employment every body else has of preparing for it. I shall 
 also write a line to Mr. Parker to beg some, any bundle directed to Mr. 
 Clopper for me will come free of expence. 
 
 I had a letter from Canada yesterday, which our friend T. A. Coffin 
 forwarded, but the shabby fellow did not write a line. Isaac Coffin is in 
 fine health & spirits there having drawn up his ship in a safe place for the 
 winter. The weather there is as it is here better than ever was known 
 before. 
 
 Lord Dorchester to Lieut. Gov. Carleton. 
 
 Quebec 9 January, 1788. 
 
 Sir,—In my letter of the 25th June last I requested you to consult 
 with proper persons within the province under your Government, and col¬ 
 lect the best information you might be able to procure, .whether by any 
 reasonable encouragement Hemp could be cultivated to advantage therein 
 and imported from thence into Great Britain, and that you would be 
 pleased to communicate to me all the information you might receive on 
 the subject. 
 
 The encouragement of the cultivation of Hemp in the King’s Pro¬ 
 vinces is an object which the Government at home have much at heart, 
 and upon which I shall be very glad to receive from you the communica¬ 
 tions required, together with your opinion what bounty or other encour- 
 
 *Queen Charlotte was born May 19, 1744, but her birthday was for some years 
 celebrated on the 18th of January. 
 
352 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1788 
 
 agement might he necessary to give in order to promote the exportation 
 of Hemp to Great Britain, and at what price it might most likely be im¬ 
 ported into that country, including freight and every other charge. I 
 also wish to he enabled to form some idea of the quantity which might be 
 imported in a certain number of years. 
 
 I am with regard. 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 humble Servant, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Lord Dorchester to Lieut. Gov. Carleton. 
 
 Quebec, 9 January, 1788. 
 
 Sir,—The King having been pleased to erect the Province of Nova 
 Scotia into a Bishop’s see, and by Commission under the Great Seal to ap¬ 
 point the Eight Reverend Father in God, Doctor Charles Inglis to be 
 Bishop of the said Province of Nova Scotia, with ecclesiastical jurisdiction 
 in the Province of Quebec and New Brunswick and in the Island of New¬ 
 foundland, I am to notify the same to you and to recommend him to your 
 countenance and protection, not doubting but you will give him your 
 hearty assistance in all things which may tend to promote piety and good 
 morals, as well as the introduction of useful knowledge in the province 
 under your government. 
 
 I am with regard, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 humble servant, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Lieut. Arthur Nicholson* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Queensborough, 26th January, 1788. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I hope you will excuse the liberty I take in troubling you 
 with my business when I assure you that nothing but the critical situation 
 which I find myself in, and your being so well acquainted with the nature 
 of my first settling in this Country could induce me to it. I have made 
 
 * Lieut. Arthur Nicholson was a native of Sligo in the County of Leitrim in Ire¬ 
 land. At the commencement of the American Revolution he was a cornet in the 7th 
 Light Dragoons and adjutant of the corps. He was at the battle of Bunker Hill and 
 after wafds saw service in the vicinity of New York. When the King’s American 
 Dragoons were organized by Col. Benjamin Thompson in 1781, Cornet Nicholson 
 was transferred to that corps as adjutant. He came to New Brunswick at the peace 
 in 1783. He held a commission in the King’s New Brunswick Regiment and in 1797 
 commanded the garrison at Presquile. He was “ a rolling stone ” — at one time we 
 find him in Queensbury, in 1805 he was teaching school in Northampton and in 1809 
 he taught at Presquile. He was twice married and left descendants in the Province. 
 The wife of the late Sir Wm. Johnstone Ritchie, chief justice of the supreme court 
 of Canada was his grand daughter. 
 
1788] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 353 
 
 «very exertion in my power to make a living by farming but I find it will 
 not do. I find that unless a man does all his business with his own hands 
 he cannot live by it. I have an idea that if the circumstance of my being 
 in the Army twenty four years (and always employed in active line) was 
 explained to His Excellency he, perhaps, would take it into consideration, 
 and employ me in some business wherein I could be of service, not only to 
 myself and family, but to the Country whose welfare I have warmly at 
 heart. I am informed that my name has been mentioned to the G-overnor 
 to do the duty of Adjutant to the Militia of this County, which I am will¬ 
 ing to do with pleasure. Is it not probable that it is in His Excellency’s 
 power to employ me further in the business of the Militia? I don’t care 
 how much duty he gives me to do. How Sir, as you always expressed a 
 wish to serve me, and as I never wanted a friend more than at this present 
 and I don’t know that I have another friend in the Country in whose 
 power it is to do anything to serve me, I beg leave to entreat you will at 
 this time befriend me in representing not only what I have pointed out, 
 but anything else you may see fit. 
 
 I am Dr. Sir, with much respect and esteem, 
 
 Your obedient Humble Servant, 
 
 - Arth’r Nicholson. 
 
 Progress of Hew Brunswick* [1788.] 
 
 The progress of the province of Hew Brunswick, situated on the North 
 side of the Bay of Fundy in North America, is a subject of no small degree 
 of Curiosity. 
 
 The rapid advancement of the Province in population, Trade, Navi¬ 
 gation and Internal Improvements since the year 1784, when it was separ¬ 
 ated from Nova Scotia, is a Subject so extraordinary and at the same time 
 so little understood in England, that I cannot but suppose the Information 
 of an Inhabitant of that Province, who has had very good opportunities 
 both for enquiry and Observation, will not be unacceptable. 
 
 Among the events which are to be esteemed highly fortunate for the 
 province is the appointment of Governor Carleton, Brother of Lord Dor¬ 
 chester’s, to the Chief Command, a man who has shown a generous Con¬ 
 tempt of his own private wealth and an exact frugality in the managing 
 that which belongs to the public. Such is the happiness of those Loyal¬ 
 ists over whom Governor Carleton presides, that if the choice of a person 
 to conduct them in their public Councils was left to themselves their Elec¬ 
 tion would undoubtedly fall upon that Gentleman. He is admired by 
 them for his Integrity, firmness, and benevolence. It is with great pleas¬ 
 ure I can add that the other Officers of Government are in general Men of 
 Superior Genius and Character, and are justly disposed in places and 
 
 * There is nothing in the original manuscript to indicate the author of this sketch. 
 
354* 
 
 pTWi 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Offices of Trust, and Honor for which they are well qualified. When we 
 look hack to the origin of this new province, and trace it ton^short period 
 of only four years we find.it rapidly arriving into use and consequence to 
 Great Britain. . The'public Academies and. private. Schools establishing in 
 that province with a view : of Civilizing .the- Indian natives-and thereby 
 making them us.efull inhabitants, as well also for keeping, thefr own youth 
 from going into : the neighboring States of America forf thfir education and 
 imbibing the disloyal principles of that country. 
 
 Much yredit is to be given to the Honor of this nation .which has been 
 carried to a height almost unequalled in dealing out Clothing and pro¬ 
 visions tc the new settlements, and in securing to them the; legal Admin¬ 
 istration of Justice- This has added a fresh spur to their industry and 
 they are become the most happy people in the Few World, i And while, 
 under the. fostering hand of Governor, Carl jeton,; the f whofig t body on tiny 
 emergency may be called into the,^field against them.envious neighbors- 
 the American.States. , . > • , 
 
 The.City of St. John, at the entrance of a, Biv^f ;of th|,i name in this 
 Few Province is governed by a. Mayor, Recorder, six Alclerpien and twelve 
 Council Men, Consists in near 8,000: Houses, -many of which are large and 
 spacious,‘being now ope of the best cities in the new world. 
 
 Fo place in the Kings Colonies possesses equal advantages with this 
 for becoming a r place of general Trade ; the River extending much farther 
 into the Country than any other in that quarter excepting the River 
 St. Lawrence. 
 
 The seat of Government is seventy five miles up that River from the 
 City of St. John, where the Governor and Civil Officers, reside at Frederic¬ 
 ton, and the Banks of the River settled seventy miles beyond. Very good 
 masts for the Royal Favy are Cut at the distance of ninety miles from the 
 sea as large as thirty two inches, diameter, which are collected by persons, 
 appointed by Government below the falls, from whence they are shipped 
 off for the King’s dock, yards in England. 
 
 The, quantity of Cattle and Grain raised will certainly be great, both 
 fpr-ifopie consumption and exportation, at present many Farmers having. 
 Irony sixty to, one hundred head, besides raising from five hundred to one 
 thousand Bushels, of Wheat. 
 
 This Province has become of so much Consequence to Great Britain 
 and increasing daily in. its magnitude that no time ought to be lost in 
 Establishing the ■ Boundary; line between the States of America. There 
 remain yet undecided which of the three branches was formerly called! St. 
 <Acix, and the head. The Americans claim the Town of St. Andrews, 
 built since the Peace by the Loyalists, consisting of six hundred. lionises, 
 together with many valuable Islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy,- which 
 
Old Parliament Buildings. Fredericton. 
 

WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 365 
 
 Sl'788] 
 
 by the express words of the Treaty -are clearly within the limits of New 
 Brunswick. The Inhabitants of St. Andrews and its vicinity amount to 
 upwards of three thousand. 
 
 If these Loyalists should fall with their properties within the Limits 
 •of the States of America, it is necessary that they should know it before 
 any further improvements are made by them, as I believe not one fa mil y 
 would remain subjects to the States, being perfectly happy under the Gov¬ 
 ernment of Great Britain. 
 
 It is the more necessary that this enquiry be immediately made while 
 the Indians are alive that have been called up to Boston to give their evid¬ 
 ence, which is to remain on the records there, which River was anciently 
 called St. Croix. They have declared upon their return that they were 
 bribed to say the Eastermost River. And it is the more necessary while the 
 eld English and French Inhabitants who have resided there upwards of 
 Forty years, can personally attend and give their evidence to the Contrary. 
 I have lately been there and have examined the Rivers Islands &c., and 
 conversed with the old Inhabitants and Indians; there can remain no doubt 
 but the boundry we claim is just and agreeable to the Treaty. 
 
 Samuel Lee to Edward Winslow, 
 
 Ristigouche, Chaleur Bay, 
 
 14th February, 1788. 
 
 Sir,—By a person, Abel Davis, whom I dispatch to Fredericton to 
 bring the Grant of Land given me last November, I have an opportunity 
 of writing to you. * * * I have wrote to the Surveyor Gen¬ 
 
 eral requesting him to send Mr. Millidge to lay out the Lands here as was 
 proposed by him last Fall. I would wish him to come very early in the 
 summer. I have transmitted to Capt. Sproule the names of 16 or 18 per¬ 
 sons who wish to take Lands and settle on the South side of this River and 
 go on them in the Spring, begging he would be so good as to lay the same 
 before the Governor & Council, that allotments may be given them before 
 Mr. Millidge is dispatched—in order that the Lands may be surveyed by 
 him while here, as this will greatly forward the settlement of this River, 
 which I have much at heart. I must solicit your kind attention to it also, 
 which will lay me under much obligation. 
 
 I shall be very happy at any time to hear from you; and if you have 
 any new intelligence respecting a War, please communicate it to me by 
 return of this Express. 
 
 I have the honor to be, Sir, most respectfully, 
 
 Your very Humble Serv’t, 
 
 Sam’l Lee. 
 
35€ 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1788 
 
 Lord Dorchester to Lieut. Gov. Carletorc. 
 
 Quebec, 3d March, 1788. 
 
 Sir,—The State correspondence between the King’s ministers and the 
 governors and commanding officers of the troops in his American provinces- 
 being the primary object of the new post between Halifax and Quebec by 
 the way of Fredericton, at the same time that it is and will in future still 
 more be a matter of great general utility, every encouragement ought to 
 be given to the institution. You will therefore be pleased to countenance 
 and protect the same throughout the district of your command and cause 
 all public letters to be forwarded through that channel, except in cases of 
 emergency. * * * 
 
 Mr. Finlay, who, I am just informed by His Majesty’s Post Master 
 General, will shortly be appointed Superintendent of the Post Offices 
 throughout the King’s American possessions, and to whom I am desired 
 by their Lordships to give the full support of my authority, will give the 
 necessary directions to the Deputy Postmasters General of the several Pro¬ 
 vinces, who, their Lordships signify to me, shall be ordered to pay him 
 implicit obedience. I therefore recommend Mr. Finlay to your counten¬ 
 ance and support in the execution of his duty, and request that you will 
 be pleased to notify his authority to the Deputy Post Masters in your gov¬ 
 ernment. 
 
 I am with regard, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 humble servant, 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ephraim Spooner. 
 
 Kingsclear, New Brunswick, 19th April, 1788. 
 
 Dear Spooner,— * * * There was in the town of Dux- 
 
 borough in the neighborhood of Captain’s Hill, two vestal virgins by the 
 name of Seabury, who used to bring (under their black velvet cloaks) some 
 of the most delicate white cotton and linnen cloth that ever was manu¬ 
 factured in any country. I suppose that those ladies are ere this, trans¬ 
 lated to a land of purity & peace (as they deserve to be) but ’tis possible 
 that some other females may be found of equal industry & ingenuity. If 
 there are such they must be known to Mrs. Spooner; I therefore request 
 that you or she will procure for me (if practicable) about thirty yards of 
 that cloth ready whitened, and send it under the particular care of Capt. 
 Leavitt, who sails between this and Boston, & I shall pay the expence 
 thankfully. I wrote you a few weeks ago to the care of a Mr. Beed of 
 Boston, inclosing a letter to my friend Nathan Thomas. I am extremely 
 anxious to hear from him. He promised that (if any accident prevented 
 
1788] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 357 
 
 him from coming to New Brunswick this Spring) he wou’d send me a 
 good faithful man. Belying on his word I have refus’d hiring an Over¬ 
 seer, altho’ several have offered. For fear my letter may have miscarried, 
 I will repeat my request, that you will have the goodness to urge him to 
 repair here as soon as posssible, or to send me a person in whom I can place 
 confidence. The public business in which I am engaged obliges me to he 
 often absent, & unless I have some such Man as Thomas I must suffer very 
 great inconveniences. 
 
 Mrs. Winslow & myself are also very solicitous to procure from your 
 country an orderly discreet Woman, & we express’d our anxiety on this 
 subject to Thomas who say’d he wou’d exert himself to engage such an one. 
 I think if Mrs. Spooner could see my pretty little Flock of children it 
 would be an additional inducement to her to assist me in this important 
 object. Possibly there may be within her knowledge some unfortunate 
 Widow, who wishes to change her ground, who is capable of teaching chil¬ 
 dren to read, &c., and of superintending the affairs of a family. I would 
 endeavor to render the life of a Woman of that character comfortable. I 
 would give very handsome wages, & I would willingly pay all the expenses 
 of her coming to me. Thomas can tell you that my habitation is a good 
 one and that my apartments for a House-keeper & my children are warm 
 & convenient. A passage here in the summer is neither dangerous or dis¬ 
 agreeable, & Leavitt* would be particularly attentive to any person coming 
 to me. Mrs. Spooner may venture to say—That my situation is not a 
 solitude, but that I am in the midst of as chearful a society as any in the 
 world. She may add that we are not (as some lively imaginations have 
 represented us) in the least danger of starving, freezing, or being blown 
 into the Bay of Fundy. I believe Thomas will be ready to swear to all this, 
 if need be. Mrs. Spooner may therefore quiet the apprehensions of any 
 good Woman who may suppose that we are (like our Forefathers) in a 
 howling wilderness surrounded by savages, Bears & Tygers. She may 
 add another circumstance which is that my Wife is a very good Woman, & 
 that I’m ready to swear to at any time. From what I have said Mrs. 
 Spooner will know what sort of a Woman I want—& she will render an 
 essential service to my Family if she can be instrumental in procuring one 
 for me. 
 
 I have not seen Gid. White since his return. When I do I shall tire 
 him with questions. I thank you for your mentioning of my Aunt White’s 
 Family & my cousins the Howlands. It ever gives me the most lively 
 satisfaction to hear from them. God knows my Heart that my affection 
 for them is sincere and unabated. I hardly dare enquire about the Miss 
 
 *The brothers Jonathan and Daniel Leavitt both sailed between Boston and 
 St. John. Some account of them will be found in the “Portland Point” series 
 of historical articles in the New Brunswick Magazine. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1788 
 
 Cobb’s. I heard (with great concern) that Sally was dangerously ill. If 
 they are alive let me be remembered kindly to them. My mother & sisters 
 & Col. Miller & his wife most pointedly direct me to present their best re¬ 
 gards to you and Mrs. Spooner. My mother is as well as ever she was in 
 her life. I have so many old acquaintances among you that I cannot par¬ 
 ticularly mention them. I wish them all well & would be hpapy to see 
 ’em again. 
 
 I am very sincerely 
 Your Friend 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Thomas Aston Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [Quebec], 12th July, 1788. 
 
 My dear Ned,— * * * It would have gratified me much 
 
 to have met old Gregorious* with you.I however live in hopes of a hearty 
 laugh with my Yew Brunswick friends one of these days. I anticipate a 
 meeting with great pleasure. By jove I would not give half an hour such 
 as we have spent for the twenty months I have been in Canada.! A con¬ 
 tinual and eternal round of business engrosses every moment of my time. 
 Give my sincere love and regard to Polly and the Bairns, remember me also 
 most affectionately to mother & the girls. Adieu & believe me 
 Most unfeignedly yours forever 
 
 T. A. Coffin. 
 
 Rev. Samuel Peters, | D. D., to George Leonard. 
 
 Grosvenor Place, Sept. 6, 1788. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I was unfortunately from home when you called at my 
 House previous to your departure from this Capital [London]. I had a 
 Bundle for you of Sermons of the Rev’d George Gillmore, which I hope 
 will reach you with this, and as a Mason & as a Native of Yew England I 
 believe the sentiments of the sermon will not fail to please you—altho’ he 
 is a Shunamite, a Yazarite & Presbyterian, which some think to be a 
 
 ^Gregory Townsend. 
 
 fThos. A. Coffin came out to Quebec with Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorches¬ 
 ter) when the latter came out as governor general in 1786. 
 
 JDr. Samuel Peters was born at Hebron, Connecticut, in 1735, and gradu¬ 
 ated at Tale in 1757. He had charge of the Episcopal church in Hartford, but 
 was obliged to leave it in consequence of the persecutions of which he was a 
 victim on account of his loyalty to the king. He was an eccentric and singular 
 character. He is generally conceded to have been the author of an anony¬ 
 mous work on Connecticut history, giving an account of the celebrated “Blue 
 laws of Connecticut.” The book is cleverly written but is more of a caricature 
 than a true history of the times. Rev. Dr. Peters was ambitious to be chosen 
 as the first bishop of Nova Scotia and some curious correspondence with the 
 Rev. Jacob Bailey on the subject is yet extant. He was thrice married. He 
 died in New York in April, 1826, in his 91st year. He was a man of generous 
 impulses. 
 
1788] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 359 
 
 miracle in nature. Loyalty has clothed him in sheep skins and with goat 
 skins, and left him in the Pitt, destitute of all things but £40 per ann. 
 during pleasure of a People given to change—therefore I heg you to re¬ 
 member him and his household and fix him a missionary at Ardoise Hill; 
 but if that cannot be admitted, I have advised him to move into Hew 
 Brunswick & leave Egypt, provided your Honorable Board* shall see fit to 
 appoint him their missioner with a decent support, which I hope will be 
 not less than £50. per annum. 
 
 You know the Reasons why I have interested myself in behalf of a 
 Presbyterian (not a Puritan, such as I was horn) and I need say no more on 
 that Head. 
 
 I cannot hear dunning, owing, or conquest, and as sundry great men 
 have been striving against the Shunamite merely because he is not an 
 Episcopalian, I hope you will gratify me in my wishes—for I am not so 
 high a Churchman as to starve a Hissenter from my opinions (which may 
 be as full of errors as his) because I remember one Sawyer, who cruelly 
 whipped Abemileck, son of the King of Mohegan, “only because he was an 
 Indian”—which I viewed to he unjust and shall never forget it. I was 
 then a small boy & Abemileck my school fellow. 
 
 Mr. Gillmore carries this letter & I trust you will not have the pleasure 
 of adding to the King’s Revenue on receiving it, if you do I heg you to re¬ 
 venge on me in the same way. 
 
 I heard of your Bowsprit falling overboard & of your return to Dover. 
 I hope you have now arrived safe & met your Family in Health & Happi¬ 
 ness. I remain with esteem. Sir, 
 
 Your faithful 
 
 Samuel Peters. 
 
 PS. I am sorry for poor Capt. Camp, a man who has merit without 
 reward; however eternity cures every wound—& then his loyalty & Con¬ 
 science will be rewarded, because God is just and sees not as man seeth. 
 In this world the Righteous have tribulation, but when they put on the 
 Glorious mind, sorrows part forever with time. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miramichi, Oct’r 15th, 1788. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I am this moment getting under way for Spanish River t 
 & thence (Deo volente) for Halifax. I have found on this river the best 
 
 *The reference is to the board of commissioners of the “New England Co. : ’ 
 for propagating the gospel among the Indians, of which board George Leonard 
 was an active member. The society was quite distinct from the well known 
 S. P. G. 
 
 f Spanish river is now known as Sydney in Cape Breton. At this time Sir 
 John Wentworth was on a tour of inspection as surveyor of the King’s woods. 
 
360 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1788 
 
 mast timber in British. America—great quantitys of which are on the Re¬ 
 servations, which are inestimable to Great Britain. I think the pine tim¬ 
 ber for size, length and soundness exceeds any I ever saw in New England, 
 and there are enough of them. 
 
 Permit me to recommend my friend Mr. Fraser* a Merch’t of this 
 place, to your friendly attention—you will find him deserving of any favor 
 you may confer on him, which shall be gratefully acknowledged as done 
 personally to, my Dear Sir, 
 
 Your sincere friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Captain John Munro to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [Rec’d Oct. 1788.] 
 
 Dear Sir,—-Upon Col. Small’s arrival in London he was pleased to in¬ 
 form me that you was so obliging as to take charge of my patent for the 
 Lands that was granted to me upon the river St. Johns in the Province of 
 New Brunswick; I cannot sufficiently thank you for your kindness in tak¬ 
 ing this trouble. I know by the Tenor of the patent I was to make Im¬ 
 provements on said Lands by this Time, but having been in England, pro¬ 
 secuting my claim before the Commissioners these two years has prevented 
 me from making the necessary Improvements upon said Lands. I am very 
 sorry to inform you, that this is all the property I have, the Commissioners 
 no doubt having considered my other property within the limits of what is 
 called Vermont Claims, who have not confiscated any part of the Loyalists 
 Lands in that State; by this means I am deprived of my Compensation for 
 my losses, excepting the small part which lay without that state, and will 
 not hardly bear the expense I have been at in coming Home. Under these 
 considerations I hope the Governor and Council of that province t will 
 suffer no advantage to be taken of my Delinquency in making the Improve¬ 
 ments required. Should you find any danger in this I must beg that you 
 
 *James Fraser was a very prominent man at Miramichi. He represented 
 the county of Northumberland in the house of assembly from 1795 to 1819. He 
 removed to Halifax while still retaining his business connections at Miramichi. 
 and became a member of the council of Nova Scotia. See references to him in 
 Cooney’s History of N. B., at pages 48, 49. 
 
 fThe grant to Capt. John Munro is dated September 6, 1784. It comprised 
 4,000 acres at the mouth of Medoctec creek—now called Hayes creek—four miles 
 above Eel river. The grant was made “on account of losses sustained in the 
 “ late Rebellion, and in consideration of public services performed by him in 
 “ this province.” The same tract, curious to say, falls within the boundaries of 
 the grant to DeLancey’s first battalion, made only a few weeks afterwards: 
 what makes the matter still more remarkable is that the old Meductic fort and 
 village stood on the same property and the Indians claimed the place as their 
 heritage by natural right and defied the whites to take possession. Captain 
 Munro had already forfeited his title by making no improvements. The lands 
 were squatted upon by Peter Watson and others and a title acquired after¬ 
 wards from government, which provided an Indian location near the parish 
 church, a few miles above. 
 
2788] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 •will be so good as to interest yourself in my Favor & to represent to the 
 Governor & Council my losses and Disappointments in consequence of the 
 part I have taken in the cause of Government; and should you find that 
 there is any danger in my being deprived of the Lands you will in that 
 •case give Liberty to any persons to settle on said Lands and to take up Four 
 hundred acres on the south side of said Tract, so as to extend back into the 
 Woods the whole length of the patent; or should any person be inclined 
 to erect saw mills upon the Creek which runs through the said patent 
 •called Medotick* Creek, you will be pleased to give them liberty for and 
 <luring’a space of seven years; as also the liberty of cutting saw logs and 
 other timber that may be found upon said lot. Those that will undertake 
 to settle upon said Land are to have a Deed, or Deeds, to have and to hold 
 the same in Fee Simple on the same terms as the patent is granted to me. 
 In order to enable you to fulfil those agreements I have taken the liberty 
 of inclosing you a power of Attorney for that purpose. 
 
 I shall take it as a particular favour if you will be so obliging as to 
 write me your opinion &c., of what further may be necessary in securing 
 the Lands. Had I been able it was my intention to carry Iron works and 
 other necessaries from this place to settle and build mills at Midotick but 
 my circumstances now will not permit me. Please direct your letter to me 
 at Montreal, Canada. ’ Colo. Small, and many others of the Gentlemen 
 here are in the same predicament with myself, with respects to their Lands 
 in the State of Vermont. 
 
 I shall be happy to hear that your province may thrive. From the 
 knowledge I have of that country, I flatter myself that in a few years it 
 will become a flourishing Country. 
 
 Wishing you all manner of happiness, I remain. 
 
 Dr. Sir, Your most obedient, and very humble Servant 
 
 John Munrof 
 
 N. B. Whatever expences you will be at with respect to the above I 
 will with the greatest Pleasure satisfy. 
 
 [Note. Captain Munro writes an excellent hand.] 
 
 *Meductic creek derived its name from the Indian fort and village adjoin¬ 
 ing (possibly the village may, on the other hand, have derived its name from 
 the stream.) On the old French maps the name “Medoctec” is generally ap¬ 
 plied to Eel river. Medoctec, or Hayes, creek is noted for the beautiful fall 90 
 feet perpendicular—higher than the Grand Falls and only surpassed in the pro¬ 
 vince, so far as is known to the writer of this note, by Fall brook on the S. W. 
 Miramichi above Boiestown, which has a fall of 120 feet. 
 
 fJohn Munro was a Vermont Loyalist and held a commission as captain in 
 the King’s Royal American Regiment of New York, a Loyalist corps raised by 
 the celebrated Sir John Johnson and commonly called the “Royal Greens.” He 
 claimed to have abandoned property in New York valued at £14,231, besides 6,- 
 000 acres of land in Vermont. Many of the officers and men of the “Royal 
 Greens,” with their families, numbering in all 1782 souls, were settled on the 
 river St. Lawrence west of Montreal. Captain Munro’s well known report of 
 the state of settlement, etc., on the St. John river in 1783, is printed in the Can¬ 
 adian Archives for 1891. 
 
E62 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [178$ 
 
 Henry Nase to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Kings County, 8th. Novr. 1788. 
 
 My dear Colonel,—Ten thousand thanks for your kind congratula¬ 
 tions; and allow me to coincide with you in Opinion, tho’ but so short a 
 time married, that among the comfortable things in this world, a good 
 wife ought to stand foremost. The Papers relative to the Oak Point* 
 business I shall immediately forward to Mr. Sewell. The half Pees I have 
 settled with him agreeable to the inclosed amount. I must take the lib¬ 
 erty now of asking you in what manner I smto proceed with respect to the 
 Administration Bonds,! I allow six months for filling an Inventory and 
 twelve months for rendering Accounts. The estate of poor Cosby Hunt £ 
 amounts to £35—and the debts brought against it to £350, as I am told. 
 The Adndnistratiix of which is continually boring me for Duplicates of 
 the letters of Administration, Inventory, &c, for all which she pays liber¬ 
 ally in Malevolence, Scandal and abuse. That indeed is trifling, but the 
 time for rendering an account of that estate expired the 3d Feby ’88, yet 
 I have not been able to procure it, tho’ I have made frequent demands in 
 the most formal manner. I will thank you to give me your advice when 
 most convenient on the business. The character alluded to I don’t wish 
 to injure but at the same time cannot think of neglecting any part of the 
 duties of the Office, which you have honored me with—besides I cannot, 
 at present, inform myself how far I may be liable to Censure. 
 
 Your generous invitation of myself and Girl to your House demands 
 our grateful acknowledgments; long since have I been sensible of your 
 friendship and hope it will one day be in my power to make amends— 
 
 *Winslow was about purchasing a lot at Oak Point. 
 
 fHenry Nase was Winslow’s deputy surrogate for the county of Kings—the 
 office is now superceded by that of judge of probate. 
 
 {Lieut. Cosby Hunt was gazetted lieutenant in the New York volunteers as 
 early as 1778, and was the adjutant of the corps. He settled at Long Reach on 
 the St. John river. In a letter to Gideon White, dated June 14, 1784, he writes: 
 “ All lads here are well and many there are who would be glad to see you here, 
 ‘ but none more than myself. I shall have a bit of log house as much at your 
 “ service as you please. I live in the neighborhood of my friend John Coffin, 
 “from whom I have received every civility that long friendship and long per- 
 “ egrination together entitles friends to. Our neighborhood, I am told, is soon 
 “to be ornamented with the Miss Winslows. They have a delightful place, and 
 “ I, tho’ a stranger, wish they were in possession.” 
 
 On May 29, 1787, Ward Chipman wrote Gideon White, “Cosby Hunt was 
 “ drowned last winter in an attempt to pass through the falls here and has left 
 “ a sorrowful widow and child.” Cosby Hunt was the first sheriff of Kings 
 county. New Brunswick. 
 
1788] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 363 
 
 meantime, the road is now open* and when you come our way there can 
 he no excuse for passing our homely Cottage—and I believe I may venture 
 to say none on the road or river, will he happier to see you. Farmers have 
 neither leisure to write or read long letters; therefore pardon this trouble 
 from 
 
 Your most Faithfull 
 
 - Henry Nase. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Joshua Loring. | 
 
 Fredericton, New Brunswick, 2d December, 1788. 
 
 Sir,—Since I wrote you last I have received a letter from a friend in 
 England advising me to come forward with a memorial to the Lords of the 
 Treasury for recompence for the loss of offices which I have sustained by 
 the rebellion in America. 
 
 The series of disappointments which I have experienced in former 
 applications have so effectually depressed my spirits that it is with some 
 difficulty I have reconciled myself to this attempt, and but for the con¬ 
 sideration that any money which may be obtained is due to others, I would 
 not have submitted to another solicitation. In my memorial, which I en¬ 
 close to you, I have stated fairly and explicitly the facts from the begin¬ 
 ning to the end of the Business, and I believe you will join with me in the 
 conclusion that my case is peculiarly hard. * * * 
 
 The Memorial may be divided into paragraphs. The first relates to 
 circumstances which took place before I joined the Army. I presume 
 there are yet living in England numbers of my old friends who will very 
 readily swear to all the facts contained in that part. If Judge Oliver f is 
 alive (and I pray God he may be) I think he will not refuse to make the 
 most pointed testimony in my favor. His son Peter, Mr. Elisha Hutchin¬ 
 son, my friends Daniel Leonard and Ben. Marston and many others were 
 witnesses to the exertions I made in the County of Plymouth—they can 
 say for me that I was among the first who stood forth openly. 
 
 The Plymouth protest which I wrote and patronised is a celebrated 
 record of this fact. It is also known to all of them that the Tory Com¬ 
 pany at Plymouth was not only formed by me, but almost supported at my 
 expence, and that by my means the town of Plymouth was kept in quiet 
 long after all the towns in the neighborhood were in extreme confusion. 
 The Chief Justice Oliver is acquainted with a number of facts respecting 
 
 ♦The road from St. John to Fredericton had now been made passable as far 
 as the Nerepis. 
 
 fSee biographical note under date 29th May, 1783. 
 
 JPeter Oliver was appointed chief justice of Massachusetts in 1756. He was 
 proscribed and banished on account of his loyalty to the crown. At the evacua¬ 
 tion of Boston in 1776 he went to Halifax with the British forces, and from 
 thence to England, where he died in 1791 at the age of 78 years. See his son's 
 letter of Feb’y 1, 1806. 
 
WINSLO W PAPERS-. 
 
 [17885 
 
 36-4 
 
 my operations which I need not relate. Mr. Robert Hallowell* * * § was at. 
 Plymouth during some of the disturbances and knows the part I acted. 
 
 These gentlemen can also testify that I have valued the incomes, 
 arising from my offices at Plymouth and Boston within their real value. 
 
 The second paragraph which contains a history of the events with 
 respect to myself at Boston may easily he proved by Colonel Sheriff, Col.. 
 Kemble,! and Capt. H. Rooke who were then in General Gage’s family. I 
 think they would willingly afford their testimony. Col. Small { is also in 
 England, who officially waited on me after the Lexington business and 
 offered me an Ensigncy in the 64th Regt.,. then vacant by the death of a 
 Mr. Jackson. Small’s heart would he open on this occasion as it is on 
 every other where the cause of benevolence is concerned. 
 
 The original commissions of Registrar and Collector which I received 
 at Boston are in this packet, and Mr. Hallowell or Hutton or any of the 
 Commissioners or Robert Hallowell or Waterhouse I am sure will do me 
 the justice to say everything that is necessary respecting my conduct as 
 Collector. As a Registrar there was not much field for exertion, hut ’tis 
 matter of notoriety that I did at the risque of my life bring off and pre¬ 
 serve all the publick records which were committed to my custody, and 
 that since the treaty they have been delivered in perfect order to the Gov¬ 
 ernor of Massachusetts by the Governor of Hova Scotia.|| I think, on 
 proper application, Lord Percy§ would condescend to honor me with a 
 certificate of my services at Lexington or (if that is impracticable) Hutch¬ 
 inson or some other officer might prove the necessary facts. Your own 
 evidence with respect to many of these circumstances could not fail of 
 being useful. Lieutenant Governor Oliver, Richard Lechmere, John Vas¬ 
 sall H and others may he called on to prove them. I remember Oliver ac¬ 
 companied me to Lord Percy’s quarters the day after the battle of Lexing¬ 
 ton, and was present when his Lordship was pleased to declare that my 
 conduct on that day did me great honor & that the Army were greatly 
 indebted to me. 
 
 With respect to the subsequent transactions under Sir Wililam Howe, 
 I feel bold in the consideration that I omitted no circumstance of duty. 
 
 *See note under date May 8th, 1780. 
 
 fSee note under date 30th July, 177o. 
 
 X Colonel John Small—See note under date 15th May, 1783. 
 
 || See letter to G. W. Murray under date 7th April, 1811. 
 
 § Lord Percy, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, was in command of the 
 British at Lexington and was greatly indebted to Winslow’s coolness and cour¬ 
 age in acting as guide on the return of the expedition from Concord. See letter 
 of Sir John Wentworth under date August 9th, 1815. 
 
 ^Richard Lechmere and John Vassall were eminent New England Loyalists. 
 Both were at this time living in England. John Vassall’s wife was a sister of 
 Governor Oliver of Massachusetts. 
 
1788] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 365 
 
 ’Tis notorious that my task was invidious and arduous until Col limes* 
 appointment. Personal quarrels and in two instances personal combats 
 were the consequence of my exertions. There was not a man (I venture to 
 affirm) in the whole British Army who was more unpleasantly or more 
 frequently exposed than myself from the constant necessity of visiting all 
 the outposts of the Army. Colonel Innes will certainly give a testimony of 
 my industry in the execution of the duties of my Muster Master’s office if 
 it is necessary, and I presume Capt. Robert McKenzie will also recollect 
 the serious exertions I made to correct the irregularities and detect the 
 errors which were committed in the accounts of the Provincial Troops. 
 Colonel Balfour will also do me the justice to acknowledge that I under¬ 
 took with chearfulness many enterprizes out of the line of my duty. I 
 also think Sir fm. Howe would take the trouble of expressing his appro¬ 
 bation of my conduct. 
 
 I cannot hear the idea of enlarging on these subjects. Egotisms of 
 this kind are peculiarly disgusting to a man of any real delicacy, but justice 
 to myself and family require that I enumerate all these events. During 
 the command of Sir Henry Clinton, you know how I was embarrassed. It 
 is known to General Vaughan and others now in England that the party 
 of Refugees at Rhode Island would have gone to the devil if I had not 
 taken charge of them. It was originally at General Vaughan’s request that 
 I accepted that command t and under an assurance from him that a detach¬ 
 ment from the army should co-operate with us. ’Tis known to him and 
 others that I refused to receive any advantage from the acquisitions of 
 that party, but that I bore my own expenses, which as commanding officer 
 were very considerable. Fanning and Leonard I believe have taken great 
 credit to themselves for the operations of this party; I have never inter¬ 
 rupted their pursuits. I rejoice that they have reaped advantage from 
 their own representations, but I appeal to General Prescott, Barry and 
 Savage, or any judicious man who served at Rhode Island, whether that 
 party would not have sunk into contempt without my personal assistance. 
 Sir George Collier} served with us on our expedition to Connecticut, and, 
 from the civilities I then experienced from him, I think he might be in¬ 
 duced to give a testimony in my favor. Whether certificates of this nature 
 
 ^Colonel Innes was appointed inspector general of the Loyalist forces. See 
 note under date 31st October, 1777. 
 
 fThe expedition is referred to under “Orders Bedford Expedition,” March 30, 
 1779, in this book. 
 
 JSir George Collier was admiral in the navy. In the year 1779 he relieved 
 the garrison under Brig. Gen. McLean, which was besieged at Penobscot, and 
 destroyed a considerable fleet of the enemy’s vessels. The defence and relief 
 of Penobscot were from the British standpoint among the most brilliant oper¬ 
 ations of the Revolutionary War. 
 
366 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1788 
 
 will be necessary I leave for your consideration. I mention names because 
 you may know to whom to apply for the establishment of such facts as it 
 may be necessary to prove. As a Military man I suppose I ought and I 
 really do feel myself satisfied with the handsome allowance of half-pay. 
 
 I have introduced my Military services into my memorial for no other 
 purpose but to evince a uniformity and consistency of conduct during 
 thirteen tedious years. It is for the same reason I have forwarded letters 
 of approbation from the two Generals I served with after I came to this 
 country. 
 
 The duty pointed out for me to execute in Nova Scotia was of all that 
 I ever performed the most tedious and unpleasant. How it was executed 
 —how far my representations contributed to the establishment of the new 
 Province of New Brunswick, and how far I have been instrumental since in 
 arranging the affairs of the Government, I leave to be explained by Col. 
 Fox (who has repeatedly offered his services to me,) by Alderman Watson,* 
 with whom I have constantly corresponded, by Governor Carleton’s letter, 
 which is inclosed—and by the testimony of Mr. Marston.who has lived here 
 and knows all about it. He also knows my motives for relinquishing 
 all title to my father’s compensation, and in short every other circumstance 
 respecting me. To him I have written and have requested him to find you 
 out and converse freely with you on the subject of my memorial, and to 
 execute any commands of yours in the writing way or any other way that 
 you may direct. He is the nearest relation and among the dearest of 
 friends that I have in the world, and I am sure will give you every assist¬ 
 ance in his power. 
 
 While I was in constant expectation of an office of equal emolument 
 and importance to those which I had sacrificed, it surely would have been 
 improper to have solicited for other recompence. The assurances to me 
 were from good authority—Col. Fox and Mr. Watson. They in the most 
 emphatical language said “That the arrangement was made and that Sir 
 Guy Carleton had acceded to it, that I was certainly to be Secretary of 
 New Brunswick.” Others of my friends in England congratulated me re¬ 
 peatedly on the appointment. In these circumstances could I seek for 
 recompence? * * * 
 
 I Avill not add to this enormous letter by any further remarks but will 
 only say that I cannot but hope a case so singularly hard will not be entire¬ 
 ly unnoticed by the British Government, but that either some pecuniary 
 allowance will be made to me or some office provided for me by which I 
 can support myself and my family comfortably. 
 
 ♦Brook Watson was at this time alderman of London and later became 
 lord mayor. 
 
1789] 
 
 WIN SLOW PAPERS. 
 
 367 
 
 I hope to hear from you particularly on this subject by the first op¬ 
 portunity, and am 
 
 Sir, Your most obedient & humble Servant, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Joshua Loring Esq. 
 
 [P. S.] I intended to have wrote to Sir Wm. Pepperell and Mr. 
 Marston on this subject but am prevented. I therefore wish you to com¬ 
 municate the business to them and to Col. Fox. 
 
 Sarah Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 January 10, 1789. 
 
 We are greatly mortified and disappointed that Mrs. Chipman and you 
 are not coming up next week, we depended on seeing you here. Hope the 
 happiness is only delayed and that we shall see you both some time this 
 winter. There can never be better sleighing than is here, you must come 
 and dance away your gout. Everybody’s dancing this winter, even Mrs. 
 Carleton, she danced every dance the last ball. * * * The 
 
 Colonel is now gone with his son Tom to see the rope dancers. Hear 80 
 people are now in a small room to see a man dance on wire. Mrs. Carleton 
 and her children have been. Ward may go next week for he* is going to 
 St. John when we have done with him at the metropolis. * * * 
 
 Sarah Winslow. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Ward Chipman. 
 
 London, Oxford Street 41, 
 
 March 21, 1789. 
 
 Dear Chippy,—I have rec’d yours of 2d Dec’r last. It adds greatly to 
 the weight of my misfortunes to reflect that any one, especially a friend, 
 should be put to any inconveniences by them. While they terminated all 
 in me I cared little about them. A series of disappointments had inured 
 me to adversity and had blunted its edge when the blow lighted upon me 
 only; but it pierced my very soul to think of disadvantages arising to those 
 who have made their friendly exertions to assist me, and I begin to fear I 
 shall not be able to prevent it. 
 
 My expectations from the compensation made me by the Commission¬ 
 ers of America claims are totally overthrown. I know my fate there. 
 They have allowed me £105 only. (They must have calculated nicely) and 
 daily delays, which to me pinched by necessity seemed contrived on purpose 
 to distress, still keeps that pittance at a distance, and when it comes it will 
 come still lessened by the sum which I rec’d at my first arrival of £45. 
 
 *That is the rope dancer. Young Ward Chipman was at this time less 
 than 12 years of age. 
 
368 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1789 
 
 The residue will about pay off the debts I have contracted for a bare sub¬ 
 sistence. It seems as tho’ I had ceased to be the sport and had become 
 the spite of misfortune. However one resource is left me which will I 
 hope enable me to weather her malice. I have invented an improvement 
 to Hadley’s Quadrant by which the sun’s altitude may be found when the 
 horizon is invisible. An Optician, whom I have layed under bonds of 
 £1000, is now preparing one for a tryal. The theory upon which ’tis con¬ 
 structed is mathematically true. It only remains to be tryed whether the 
 construction, which is very simple, will counteract a ship’s motion in a 
 sea, and one experiment will determine that point, and that in all com¬ 
 mon cases, from my own experience of a ship’s motion in a sea, I think it 
 certainly will do. This invention I hope will bring me sufficient to dis¬ 
 charge the few debts I owe, for to that purpose whatever I may get by it 
 shall be in the first place most religiously applyed. 
 
 I have been three times disappointed since being in London of the 
 fairest prospects of Business. The first was with a Merchant who went 
 out to St. Johns last summer. I forgot his name. He wanted to connect 
 with him some one acquainted with that country, bred to business and of 
 good character. Leonard, who was then here, recommended me; he con¬ 
 sidered of it some days and finally determined to go alone. 
 
 The next was with a Company who had in contemplation the estab¬ 
 lishing of a fishing factory at Canso or N’f’land and wanted an agent for 
 Canso acquainted with the Fish Trade. Here I was again recommended 
 by Leonard and here I was again disappointed for they determined in 
 favour of N’f’land and for that place they were previously provided with 
 an agent. 
 
 The last was to come out to H. Brunswick agent for a Company who 
 put in for a Mast Contract but were underbid. This would have lasted 
 seven years. 
 
 I hope my friends, when they consider these disappointments, will 
 not think that I have been wanting in my exertions to get into business 
 after I found my original plan frustrated. 
 
 Two days ago I rec’d a letter from Joshua Loring acquainting me that 
 two days before that, the 17th inst. & not before, he received a letter from 
 Colo. Winslow containing memorials, power of attorney, &c, and that the 
 Colonel mentions having wrote me on the subject. The Colo’s letter to 
 Loring was dated Dec’r 2, the same date of yours to me. Your’s came to 
 me by the penny post but from what hand I don’t know nor what ship it 
 came by. The Colo’s letter to me has not yet come to hand, his to Loring 
 was picked up at the H. England Coffee-House. I have searched both 
 that and the 1ST. York and Gen’l Post Office but in vain. * * * 
 
 My dear Chippy I truly feel your sympathy for my distresses and 
 nothing is so ardently the absolute wish of my whole soul as to prevent 
 
S789] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 any loss or even inconvenience coming to those who have endeavoured to 
 serve me—’tis the first object of my attention nor will I leave a stone un¬ 
 turned, which I can turn, that will help me. 
 
 P. S. March 25, 1789. Since the above I have rec’d Colo. Winslow’s 
 letter which came by the way of Halifax by Mulberry Holmes, who arrived 
 but a few days ago. 
 
 When you see the Colo tell him this and that we are preparing to take 
 steps with his memorial. I have nothing to write him at present but the 
 same melancholly tale of disappointment which you can fully inform him 
 of. 
 
 I would have sent you some papers, magazines, &c, but I am obliged 
 in all money matters to make my calculations so very nice that on no occa¬ 
 sion can I afford to plusify them except I could in some other instance 
 minify them equally. However there is no news at present of importance. 
 The prospect with regard to this nation is the continuance of peace with 
 every body, tho’ Parliament has encreased the Navy establishment from 
 16,000 to 20,000 men. 
 
 But the greatest event, which has for some time past engrossed the 
 the attention of the whole British Nation, was the King’s illness. Happy 
 for us he is recovered and again holds the reins of Government, for which 
 (the last) he is undoubtedly much indebted to the fidelity and neat man¬ 
 agement of his present ministers, who have had the address to keep the 
 business of a Regency so long in agitation that the King had time to re¬ 
 cover. Had it once taken place there are some reasons which make it not 
 improbable it might have amounted to a dethronement, unless the Prince 
 Regent should have had virtue eno’ voluntarily to have resigned the Gov¬ 
 ernment to his father whenever he should be in a condition to receive it. 
 For as a new administration would have come in, they would have had it 
 greatly in their power to have represented the state of the King’s health 
 just as suited their interest, for almost any length of time. 
 
 The public joy on this occasion was universal and sincere. The City 
 of London, but not that only, and all its adjoining and surrounding vill¬ 
 ages were illuminated from the Garret to the Cellar. In every street, lane, 
 alley, square and court from one end to the other—as it happened to be a 
 fair night, the streets were one continuous crowd throughout the whole, of 
 persons of all ages, sexes and conditions. From Hyde Park comer thro’ 
 Piccadilly, down the Haymarket to Charing Cross; thence thro’ White Hall 
 one way, thro’ the strand the other, Pall Mall, St. James street, and part 
 of Bond street, was one compact solid body of coaches from one side of the 
 street to the other, who could move only at intervals and but a little way 
 at a time. The King, Queen, and Princesses were in the crowd, not in 
 their own coaches but incog. 
 
370 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 fI789 
 
 What a triumph to the good old King to have such sincere unequivo¬ 
 cal demonstration of his People’s hearty regard and affection. What is 
 very remarkable is that among this immense crowd which was several hours 
 together in the great City, there was no Riot, Tumult, nor Disorder, not 
 a window' broken, tlio’ some few (Quakers) were nonsensical eno’ to refuse 
 joining in the joyful exhibitions because it was a Carnal Joy; and but one 
 unfortunate accident, by a man’s attempting to cross the street when some 
 coaches were passing, he ran against ye pole of one and was knocked down 
 ridden over and killed on the spot. ’Twas a glorious night for Tallow 
 Chandlers, Oil men, Tin workers and Lamplighters, and they did not fail 
 to make their advantage of it. 
 
 In the religious performances which have been publiekly exhibited on 
 this occasion the Jew's have distinguished themselves. Their High Priest, 
 both in his Prayer for the King while ill and his thanksgiving for his re¬ 
 covery, has beat the Archbishop of Canterbury (a Marble-head man* would 
 say) out of sight. 
 
 Tomorrow is to he a very superb court, and ball in the evening, and 
 illuminations to celebrate the Queen’s Birthday, which was omitted the 
 usual time on account of the King’s illness. 
 
 The Colo, tells me you go on smoothly in New Brunswick. I regret 
 sincerely that I am not among you lending a hand in such agreeable, 
 rational, self-rewarding enterprizes, as making improvements in a country 
 which you see daily meliorate under your hand. ’Tis a kind of Creation 
 and the exercise of such power must be most gratifying to every rational, 
 active, ambitious mind. However if I can’t do it as I wish I will do what 
 I can. I’ll contribute my mite, so I send some Peach Stones, Plum Stones 
 and Pear Seeds—and when you, with your little Chips about you, sit eat¬ 
 ing the fruit of the Trees which will spring from these stones and seeds, 
 tell them they were sent you from London by 
 
 Your friend 
 
 - B. Marston. 
 
 Monson Hayt to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [St. John, 1789.] 
 
 Sir,—The annexed is extract of a letter I had the pleasure to receive 
 from my valuable friend Governor Fanning, and as I am no stranger to his 
 esteem for you I take the liberty to send it you, being with the profoundest 
 respect. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 But from the painful misunderstanding occasioned by that greatest of 
 all possible villains Arnold, t your wretched, but 
 ever grateful, 
 
 Monson Hayt. 
 
 *Benjamin Marston was himself a Marblehead man. 
 
 fThe reference is to Benedict Arnold, with whom Monson Hayt had been 
 in business and w r ith whom he had quarrelled. 
 
1789] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 371 
 
 [Extract] "I am much obliged to you for the mention you make of 
 “ many of my former worthy good friends, but alas I fear they have almost 
 “ forgot me; this I am sure of they by their silence seem to neglect me; my 
 “ worthy friend Colo. Winslow, * * * &c, are delinquents in this 
 
 <e line. They have unkindly omitted answering my letters to them, or my 
 “ letters to them must have cruelly miscarried.” 
 
 * Isaac Winslow* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Boston, 27th March, 1789. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your kind letter 2d Jan'y did not reach this place till be¬ 
 ginning this month. I was then absent in the country, so that I had no 
 opportunity of replying till Leavitt was gone. * * * 
 
 I am much obliged for your attention to my business with Col. Willard 
 and hope he will be induced to settle it without recourse to disagreeable 
 methods but if he does not, hope the powers sent will be sufficient and shall 
 be obliged for your further assistance therein. If the Col. could send me 
 a bill on England I would allow the highest exchange. 
 
 I thought I had engaged you a gardner to go by this vessell, but as I 
 did not choose to advance him money lest he would be off, he came last 
 night rather in liquor, which was no recommendation. He still talks of 
 going in the vessel and another man with him, whose appearance I have 
 a better opinion of. I have procured a box of seeds put up of various kinds 
 by a gardner. They cost 20 shillings. I have added some scarlet beans 
 convolvus. Next year if we live, & you desire it, I’ll lay myself out to pro¬ 
 cure you some curious flowers. It is much the diversion here & there are 
 various sorts which were unknown before the Revolution, at least to me. 
 I send herewith a few News Papers, and am pleased to hear from you at 
 all times. I beg Mrs. Winslow’s compliments & mine to be offered to your 
 mother & sisters and to Mrs. Winslow. 
 
 I remain, dear Sir, 
 
 Your friend and kinsman, 
 
 Isaac Winslow. 
 
 [P. S.] Capt. Howard sails in an hour & I do not see either of my 
 chaps intend going. I am sorry at not sending, having taken considerable 
 pains about it. There is a vessel sails next week and if I can meet with an 
 under gardner such as you describe on low wages I will venture to send 
 him. The seeds are on board, also a bundle newspapers under cover ad¬ 
 dressed to you. They will afford you amusement as just before election 
 they are filled with political squabbles. 
 
 I was to have given the fellow I engaged eight dollars a month & been 
 ♦Isaac Winslow, of Marshfield, was a physician of reputation. He graduated 
 at Harvard in 1762. It is said that in 1778 he treated 300 patients inoculated 
 with smallpox with such skill and success that not one died. He died in 1819 
 at the age of 81 years. 
 
S 72 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1789* 
 
 answerable for his passage. He had been employed in Tracy’s, Deane’s & 
 some of onr first Gardens, but I suppose Drink has put him out of employ,, 
 & I am glad I discovered it before you were troubled with him. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 29th April, 1789. 
 
 Dear Winslow,— * * * 
 
 We have a solemn decision in the Admiralty Court here that Indian 
 meal is Flour within the meaning of the proclamation. Mark how the 
 matter is managed. The whole is entered at the Custom house as Flour 
 to avoid any dispute about its coming within the proclamation, but Flour 
 pays a Provincial duty, therefore with the Treasurer of the Province it is 
 entered as it really is Indian Meal. I will not believe that the Governor 
 had an idea of permitting Indian Meal to be imported, the consequence 
 with us must be that we must shut up the mill*—for if it is open at all we 
 must be at the expence of keeping a miller and the little that we can grind 
 will not pay half his wages. It is true this is grumbling to no purpose, be¬ 
 cause we cannot help ourselves—but these facts ought to be known. It 
 can be demonstrated that to the Province it makes the difference of 30 per 
 cent between importing the meal or the com. 
 
 With respect to the Hessian fly there is a Captain Clements just come 
 from Hew York, who I understand has taken some pains to inform himself 
 respecting its operation, and I have been told he says it does not touch 
 the Grain nor is communicated by it. He will be with you, I suppose, as I 
 understand he lives in your County, from him you may learn more about 
 it. But as to the prohibition of wheat on that account, I have always 
 tho’t it right that no risque should be run. As to the importation of In¬ 
 dian Meal I think nothing can justify it. * * * * 
 
 W. Chipman. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, November 21, 1789, Oxford Street 41. 
 
 My dear Ned,—I am very glad to hear from you, which I did a few 
 days ago by your letter of 18th Aug’t. 
 
 I am very sorry the hard hand of poverty still gripes you. I know 
 from painful experience how unpleasant the feeling is and how much it is 
 agravated by having those near to one suffering by its cruel pinches But 
 it is a solid consolation which will help to keep a man warm, to reflect that 
 what has bro’t us into this unpleasant situation deserves a better fate, and 
 
 *The tide grist mill at the outlet of the old mill pond near the site of the 
 present I. C. R. station in St. Jchn. Wm. Hazen, Sr., was the general manager 
 and largest owner. Ward Chipman had a considerable interest in the property 
 also. 
 
1789] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 373 
 
 there is no doubt but that it was the intention of Parliament to have 
 offered essential relief to all sufferers under what ever form they might be 
 so. But those who were appointed the distributors of its benevolence have 
 in very many instances defeated its design. The fact is they are under 
 the influence of a minister who looks upon the claims of the Loyalists 
 rather unfavorably, because they are some obstacle in the way of his am¬ 
 bition which is to put the National Debt in a train of being all fairly dis¬ 
 charged in the course of the lives of the present Generation. 
 
 Colo. Wightman* of R. Island has Colo’s half-pay, a pension of £80 st. 
 pr. ann, and temporary support, the sum I don’t know; has likewise re¬ 
 ceived pretty handsomely for loss of property. His services you probably 
 know. I hear he has the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland to 
 whom he rendered some services when in America. 
 
 Parson Agnew!, whom I hope you know before now, has Chaplain’s 
 lialf-pay, pension, and temporary support—I don’t know their value; also 
 a large compensation. He was a man of property. He is a native of Scot¬ 
 land of an antient respectable family, who have some friends in and about 
 the Board. His son Capt. Agnew of the Queen’s Rangers, has half-pay, 
 pension £80 stg. pr. ann, and temporary support. He has his father’s in¬ 
 terest of course. 
 
 A Mr. Patterson, a Clergyman, Chaplain’s half-pay, pension and tem¬ 
 porary support; a native of Scotland and Ireland, has friends in this coun¬ 
 try. 
 
 Sam’l Mather, who was the latter part of the time Secretary to the 
 Board of Comm’rs in Boston, reduced from £120 or more pr. ann, which 
 Government allowed him on his coming to England, to £100. Refused 
 compensation for the loss of his paternal inheritance of which he was dis- 
 
 *Lieut. Col. George Wightman, of the Loyal New Englanders; his corps, 
 which was not a large one, was raised in 1777. It was afterwards amalga¬ 
 mated with some of the other Loyalist regiments. 
 
 fRey. John Agnew, D. D., and his son, Captain Stair Agnew, late of the 
 Queen’s Rangers, on January 30, 1790, purchased a tract of 1,000 acres at the 
 mouth of the Nashwaak river, originally granted to John Anderson, an old pre¬ 
 loyalist settler and magistrate. The price paid was £540. Dr. Agnew is de¬ 
 scribed in the conveyance as of the parish of Mary-le-bone, in the county of 
 Middlesex, a suburb of London. The Agnew’s gave to their new property the 
 name of Monckton. Capt. Stair Agnew was commissioned to the Queen’s Ran¬ 
 gers Sept. 27, 1777, and was a highly distinguished officer. He was severely 
 wounded at the battle of Brandywine. He is classed by Sabine as a Virginian, 
 from which it is to be presumed the family went thither from Scotland. Rev. 
 Dr. Agnew was chaplain of the Queen’s Rangers. Stair Agnew represented the 
 county of York in the house of assembly for 30 years. His father, though a 
 clergyman, was at one time a member of the assembly for the county of Sun- 
 bury. Rev. Dr. Agnew lived to the age of 85 years and died at his residence in 
 1812. Stair Agnew was a “free lance” in politics, and was at one time thought 
 to be in league with James Glenie. He was a leading York county magistrate 
 and a personal friend of Edward Winslow. He died in 1820. A good account of 
 the Agnew family will be found in Benjamin Marston’s letter under date March 
 17. 1790. 
 
37* 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1789 
 
 inherited by his father merely because he had taken the side of Govern¬ 
 ment, being told by the Board that he might go out to America and enjoy 
 his patrimony. He has no friend or patron. Native of Boston. * * * 
 
 It is very provoking to think that those who have borne the burden 
 and heat of the day in settling and organizing the Province should not 
 only not reap the fruit of their labours but should be the worse off for their 
 exertions. . But ’tis a common case. They who go foremost generally find 
 a place in the ditch and in some businesses they must stay there. But I 
 hope your case is not so desperate, I hope it admits of some relief. I am 
 sure you deserve it. * * * 
 
 It gives me great gratification to hear that the Province is getting so 
 smoothly on, Tis the report of every relator. Doct’r Agnew writes a very 
 flattering acct. to his family, while he was yet only at the threshold, the 
 City of St John. 
 
 I shall come out full of very flattering expectations, for there are in 
 the Province some sources of direct remittance to this country which seem 
 to be known nothing of at present—hops and. red clover seed. The ordin¬ 
 ary hops sell in England from £5.10 to £6. and upwards per C. Wt.; the best 
 £7 to £8 and upwards. Now supposing N. B. hops to be of the ordinary 
 sort, these prices will leave the shipper a very handsome profit. Clean well 
 ripened red clover seed will fetch from £4.10 to £5. pr. Cr. Wt. Clover 
 seed will seldom ripen in England and Hops commonly suffer from the 
 abundance of wet in which that country abounds. * * * 
 
 This country is minding her own business and very effectually too. 
 Wealth flows into it with every tide from every quarter. She reaps no 
 small benefit from the confusions of our Gallic neighbors. London is full 
 of French men and French money. 
 
 The King, God bless him, has perfectly recovered his health and has 
 every appearance of a healthful old age. The last season has proved a 
 plentiful one, but they have had a very bad seed time this fall, a great deal 
 of com being unsown owing to the abundant wet. This keeps the price 
 of wheat high ab’t 6s. 6d. pr. bushel, so that at present the exportation is 
 stopped. Besides in Wales and Scotland even at this late period the 
 Corn is not yet all reaped, so subject is this climate to wet and cold when 
 warin and dry is wanted, I think we in America are much better off. To 
 have one part of the year appropriated for that purpose; this makes a busi¬ 
 ness of it, and a man then commonly knows what he has to depend upon 
 the rest of the season. 
 
 For myself I still enjoy perfect uninterrupted good health and feel 
 the same good appetite for the enjoyments of Life that I ever did. ’Tis 
 one of the most disagreeable sensations and reflections to live so inactive, 
 as I have done these two years, with so many abilities of body and mind 
 
1789-0J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 375 
 
 which I could and should with pleasure employ to the benefit of my friends 
 and country. But it consoles me when I reflect that my present useless in¬ 
 active state is neither my choice nor my fault. I am in it not in conse¬ 
 quence of any reprehensible unjustifyable conduct, hut from events which 
 no one could foresee or guard against, and in pursuit of a very rational ob¬ 
 ject in which there was at least probability of success, and I thank Heaven 
 the thought has enabled me to support myself free from ill humor, fretful¬ 
 ness and repining thro’ all my disappointments. ’Tis a blessing justly 
 intitled to our most grateful acknowledgements, that our religion teaches 
 us. [Remainder of letter missing]. 
 
 Roger Johnson* to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Windsor Road, 22 December, 1789. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I had the pleasure to receive your favor of the 7th ulto. 
 which I should have immediately acknowledged, but I was at the time very 
 much indisposed; I am thank God pretty well recovered. 
 
 It gave me the greatest concern to hear of the unpleasant situation of 
 so sincere and true a friend as I have so frequently experienced in Colonel 
 Winslow. I shall not trouble you or him at this time with professions of 
 regard. If the inclosed Bill will put him out of the power of the wretch 
 you mention it will give me the highest satisfaction. * * * 
 
 Assure him from me that I shall ever retain the most grateful remem¬ 
 brance of his Friendship, and may so worthy a man and all his family, 
 yourself and friends enjoy many happy returns of the ensuing season is the 
 most fervent wish of Dear Sir, Your sincere friend, well wisher, 
 and faithful humble Servant, 
 
 Roger Johnson. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, Oxford Street 41, 
 
 March 17, 1790. 
 
 My dear Ned,—I am still in the same place and much in the same pre¬ 
 dicament as when I last wrote you. That is unable to get out of it. How¬ 
 ever I have within these few days accomplished the business of the Patent 
 for my new invented artificial horizon. But ’tis yet impossible to say how 
 productive it will he as we have not yet notifyed it to the puhlick. My 
 Partner, the Optician, who understands his business, says he must have a 
 number made ready for delivery before the puhlick is advertised and that 
 number will be now finished in the course of four or five days. I am 
 
 *Roger Johnson was commissary at Halifax in 1783. See under date 23rd 
 July, 1783. 
 
376 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1790 
 
 sensible a thing of this kind, how useful soever it may he, will take time 
 to have its good qualities known and acknowledged and till then not great 
 demand can be expected. This instrument from my own experiment I am 
 sure will answer accurately the end proposed, and when once it comes to 
 be known I am confident it will get to be generally used. I shall not 
 therefore be disappointed if at first it should not set off rapidly. * * * 
 
 I have sent you a bag of all sorts of cherry stones, peach and plum 
 stones. These I beg you would plant out this Spring and when fit for 
 transplanting, let them be transplanted and, if any accident should bring 
 me up and prevent my coming among you again, let some one row be called 
 “Marston’s Row/’ You’ll laugh at my vanity, but I have a vast desire to 
 be remembered among you as a benefactor to N. Brunswick. . If I was able 
 I would be so essentially, as the case is the will must be accented for the 
 deed. I can only exert my disposition to forward the bringing on of that 
 country in a small way. 
 
 I felicitate you on such an acquisition to the country as the Agnew 
 family. I believe I have some small merit in directing their course to H. 
 B. Their original plan, after they had determined for America, was to 
 go to Canada, But from the many conversations which I used to have with 
 them on the subject they thought it might be as well, when the Doct’r 
 came out to explore the county, to take a look at H. B. in his way. I was 
 well assured in my own mjnd when they so determined, what would be the 
 event. I find I was not mistaken. Capt. Agnew, the son, will be the 
 bearer of this. He brings over all the family, his mother and wife. He 
 comes with a vast predilection for Hew Brunswick, which I hope no cir¬ 
 cumstance nor accident will lessen. He has a laudable undertaking in 
 view. To lay the foundation for a large patrimonial landed estate and to 
 raise up a family to inherit it. He is a Gentleman who has had a good 
 early education in Brittain, has rather superior abilities and has missed 
 no opportunities of acquiring information as he has come on in life. With 
 such talents and so improved, joined to an active disposition, he will be 
 a very valuable member of society, which I am confident he will ever be 
 ambitious to serve. He was a Captain in the Queen’s Rangers, was wound¬ 
 ed at Brandy-wine by which he was I think (for some time at least) rend¬ 
 ered unfit for field-service. His Lady is an English Woman of a fa mi ly 
 which has good connections here. She is a well-bred accomplished woman 
 and of a very amiable disposition—she will be a real acquisition to your 
 Lady folks. The old Lady (as is Capt. Agnew also) is a native of Virginia 
 and practises all the good old customs of that once hospitable country. I 
 am sure her goodness of disposition wont fail to engage the esteem of all 
 who shall be so happy as tp form an acquaintance with her. I know her 
 tea table has afforded me many a comfortable dish of tea. 
 
WINSLUW PAPERS 
 
 377 
 
 1790] 
 
 Captain Saunders* * has succeeded to Judge Putnam’st vacant seat on 
 the Supreme Bench. He is likewise lately married, a Miss Chalmers I 
 think is the name, a native of America but her father of this country. I 
 think it is a great happiness to N. B. to have such important places filled 
 by people who are natives of America, who look on the country as their 
 home, as the abiding place for themselves and their posterity. Americans 
 used to call this country Home, but it has become a very cold home to us 
 in general. The original connections and attachments are long since worn 
 out and dissolved. 
 
 If I can bring my affairs to any kind of bearing in time to do it, I 
 mean to go out to Miramichi from this to pick up what property I have 
 there and if there is the annual ship there, which there used to be, to ship 
 what I may collect for Leg-horn and myself with it. So you may perhaps 
 not see me this twelve month. However as my affairs all depend upon 
 accident, they may point a very different route. * * * 
 
 I am in perfect health and have been constantly so. The regimen 
 which an empty purse has obliged me to observe may have contributed to 
 my being so. 
 
 My dear Ned don’t let misfortune depress your spirits. He who feeds 
 the Moose & Caribou, the wild Ducks & Geese, the Shad, Gaspereaux, & 
 Salmon, takes care of you & me also, & tho’ we may be sometimes pinched, 
 yet if we behave ourselves we shall be recompensed by an ample allowance 
 of smart money. I don’t say this to cultivate in you any liking to mis¬ 
 fortune, no—fight, scratch, kick, bite, throw stones, do anything to her. 
 I hate the very name of the Toad. 
 
 Adieu and God bless you. Remember me most kindly to Mrs. Wins¬ 
 low and the Children and to all who may think to ask after 
 Your sincerely affectionate, 
 
 _ B. Marston. 
 
 *John Saunders was born in Virginia, June 1, 1754. He belonged to a good 
 family, was well educated and possessed some property. He was a pronounced 
 Loyalist. In August, 1776, he was gazetted a captain in the Queen’s Rangers, 
 and later commanded a troop of light dragoons attached to the regiment. He 
 was engaged during the war in arduous and dangerous services and was twice 
 severely wounded. He was appointed judge of the supreme court of New 
 Brunswick in 1790, but this did not prevent his being elected a member for 
 York county of the house of assembly in 1792. He became chief justice of the 
 province in 1822 in succession to Hon. Jonathan Bliss. He had a large estate 
 near the mouth of the Pokiok in Upper Prince William (now Dumfries) where 
 he resided for some years; this was long known as “The Barony”—His son John 
 Simcoe Saunders was born here on July 13, 1792. Judge Saunders died at Fred¬ 
 ericton May 24, 1834, aged 80 years. A handsome monument marks his last 
 resting place and on it his biography is inscribed. 
 fSee biographical note under date 9th July, 1784. 
 
378 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1790 
 
 Mather Byles Jr. to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Georges, Grenada, 27th March, 1790. 
 
 Early in December, my dear Sir, I quitted friends in Nova Scotia and 
 embarked on hoard a vessel of Mr. Taylor’s, commanded by a Capt. Daniel 
 White, who has the honor to he one of your cousins. * * * We 
 
 anchored at Barbadoes on the morning of the 9th of January and Governor 
 Wentworth’s letter procured me a very friendly reception from his relative, 
 who is in the Custom House at Barbadoes. I passed in his family the 
 greater part of the three days we remained there, and he introduced me to 
 the collector, who gave me a letter of introduction to General Mathew, 
 which inclosed that I had delivered Mr. Wentworth. As the market was 
 unfavorable for our cargo (part of which was consigned to me) we went to 
 Dominica, where I saw Mr. Lloyd to whom also Governor Wentworth had 
 given me a letter, but I had never placed any dependence on it, as a gentle¬ 
 man from the island, whom I saw at Halifax, informed me that the ap¬ 
 pointment Governor Wentworth had thought of was not in Mr. L’s gift, 
 and had been some time ago filled by the Duke of Richmond. 
 
 We stayed here only a day and then proceeded to Antigua, but the 
 markets were everywhere alike bad and the Captain resolved next for 
 Kingston. As this was not my route I quitted him, and was fortunate 
 enough to find a vessel sailing immediately for this place. My stay at An¬ 
 tigua was of course very short, and I had not in my power to see Mr. Lavi- 
 count whose estate is some miles from here. I saw Mrs. Lavicount for 
 about half an hour, and left your letter with her. 
 
 I arrived here after a short passage and found on enquiry that Mr. 
 Coffin was not on the island, I learned that it was his intention to be out 
 again from England early in the present year. As he has not made his 
 appearance I am apprehensive that something more advantageous has 
 offered to divert h i m from his West India plan. * * * My let¬ 
 
 ter to Gen’l Mathew procured me a very polite reception, and I was placed 
 by him in the Custom House in the room of a young gentleman who had 
 been some time from the island and was not expected to return. He how¬ 
 ever arrived about a fortnight after, and I immediately relinquished to him 
 his appointment. The General expressed himself pleased with my con¬ 
 duct, and has promised to remember me whenever he has anything in his 
 gift. I have been several times at his house and hope his patronage may 
 one day be of service to me. But in the meantime I have secured myself 
 against so uncertain an event by taking a position in the counting house of 
 Messrs. Shand and Conden (a principal house here to whom I had an intro¬ 
 duction from my friend Belcher) where I draw out accounts and state Dr. 
 & Cr. from sunrise to sunset, not much to my edification—nor at present 
 to my emolument. I even question if I shall be a nabob these two years 
 but I live in hopes. 
 
1790] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 379 
 
 The weather since my arrival has been very pleasant and the glass not 
 above 86 which is a heat I can very well hear. My health has been as 
 good as I ever remember it and as I get a daily allowance of old madeira 
 or fresh claret I hope to preserve myself for some, time against the whole 
 muster roll of West India diseases. They are a pretty formidable regi¬ 
 ment, & I was prepared for the worst by a medical book I took up by acci¬ 
 dent at Dr. Allmons, which set out by gravely remarking that in the West 
 Indies the inhabitants died of inflammatory disorders from October to 
 June, and of putrid disorders from June to October. 
 
 * * * There is little news among the islands. Martinique 
 
 only has afforded subject for conversation. The rage for liberty has seized 
 its inhabitants and for some time there was much disorder. The people 
 have banished their Governor and possessed themselves of the fortifications 
 of the place, & it is not improbable their example may be imitated in the 
 other French islands. 
 
 I have great curiosity to know the politics of New Brunswick for the 
 ensuing summer, and I depend wholly on you for intelligence of this sort. 
 I hope you will not disappoint me. Tell Mama I remember her with 
 great affection and often pay an imaginary visit at her breakfast table. I 
 mean to give all my god-children estates, so that she may pass off Hannah 
 as a West India fortune whenever there is a good opportunity. If you 
 make a single improvement on the farm without describing it particularly 
 I shall certainly be sulky for I consider every tree as an old acquaint¬ 
 ance. * * * 
 
 Most affectionately yours, 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 [Note. In this letter Byles expresses his gratification that Mr. John¬ 
 son had forwarded Col. Winslow a bill for £100 & that nothing but the 
 embarrassed state of Johnson’s own affairs had prevented him from ad¬ 
 vancing the £300 necessary to relieve Winslow from his difficulties.] 
 
 Major Gilfred Studholme to William Hazen. 
 
 Studville, 20th April, 1790. 
 
 Dear Sir—Some time since I had the pleasure of receiving your favor 
 and have watched anxiously in hopes of finding a Purchaser for this Place. 
 Doctor Agnew has promised to come and view it this Spring and if he likes 
 the situation (which I have little doubt about) I think he will be the pur¬ 
 chaser; whenever that event takes place, I shall with many thanks and 
 gieat pleasure pay you and Mr. White the sum I owe you. 
 
 By the very ill success of my Saw-Mills, and my recent misfortune in 
 failing to bring the cultivation of Hemp to perfection, I have been very 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS, 
 
 [1790 
 
 hard drove for money, but hope by the sale of my Lands to get out of Debt. 
 In short every farthing I have been able to raise has been appropriated to 
 the discharge of such sums as I have been sued for. You and Mr. White 
 therefore I hope will excuse my not having made a tender of Payment. 
 
 I have been very ill for some time past but hope the opening of Sum¬ 
 mer and riding exercise will recruit me. 
 
 My best compliments attend Mrs. Hazen and all your family. 
 
 I remain with perfect Esteem, D’r Sir, 
 
 Your most Faithfull 
 
 and obliged Hum’e Servant 
 
 G.Studholme. 
 
 P. S.—As I have been so unlucky as never to receive any of the cut¬ 
 tings of Currant or Gooseberry Trees that you and Mr. White intended for 
 me, request that you will both furnish me with a few more by the Bearer, 
 Capt. Hutchinson. 
 
 Mather Byles Jr. to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Grenada, 19th July, 1790. 
 
 * * * Very frequently my dear Sir do I make my past 
 
 connection with you the subject of many pleasing reflections. * * * 
 
 General Mathew, on his return from his tour, renewed the invitation he 
 had given me to remain in his family and has employed me as a private 
 Secretary. * * * Mr. Coffin arrived here a few days ago but, 
 
 as he is gone into the country, I have had little opportunity of particular 
 conversation with him. * * * The weather continues very 
 
 fine, though we are now fast advancing into the rainy season, how far that 
 part of the West India year may agree with me I can’t say, but hitherto I 
 have had uninterrupted enjoyment of my health, and for this last month 
 have been pitying the poor Fredericjnnians who are roasting in a heat ten 
 degrees greater than I have yet experienced here. * * * Little 
 
 Hannah I hope is acquiring the language without my assistance. She 
 gave two or three pretty emphatic specimens of forwardness before I left 
 her, and by this time I suppose is nearly a match for Edward. * * * 
 
 Kiss Pen Miller if she is married but not otherwise, lest it should injure 
 my reputation. Love to the Major & believe me with all sincerity and 
 attachment &e. &c. 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, April 3, 1791. 
 
 My dear Ned,— * * * What will be the next scene of 
 
 my Robinson Crusoe adventures. He who made me and appoints all the 
 
1791] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 381 
 
 events of my life only knows. My present employment, which has kept 
 me above water for these eleven months past and has enabled me to dis¬ 
 charge the debt contracted for subsistence for twelve months before, will 
 in a few days be at an end. 
 
 I shall then be again afloat without sail or paddle and, I may add, 
 even a plank to swim on. But I hope that the same Good Providence that 
 has more than once relieved me in similar circumstances will not now for¬ 
 get me. 
 
 But it requires some fortitude to see a situation so disagreeable with¬ 
 out feeling anxious for the event. 
 
 Adieu. Remember me most affectionately to your mother and sisters 
 and to Mrs. Winslow. God bless you all is the constant ardent wish of 
 Your sincerely affectionate 
 
 B. Marston. 
 
 J. B. Dight to William Hazen. 
 
 Halifax 4th May, 1791. 
 
 Dear Sir,— * * * From my own knowledge I well re¬ 
 
 collect to have seen Cedar on the sides of your River leading to Fredericton, 
 and I have heard it grows in great abundance in other parts of the Pro¬ 
 vince. Pm therefore to request you’ll inform me at what rate you can 
 furnish me with boards for Whale Boats of the following dimentions. In 
 length from 10 to 18 feet, sorted as the trees best cut. Width not less than 
 7 inches at middle, young stuff the best. To be sawed without Gouts or 
 thick & thin edge, but to continue throughout about half inch thick and 
 not less. To be as free from rots & shakes as possible and the kind of a 
 glassy nature to be avoided. 
 
 This lumber I want for my own Whalers, and if you can furnish me 
 in large Quantities every Season on reasonable terms, I think I can make 
 it a matter of much advantage to you. 
 
 With very sincere regard I remain, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your much oblidged and 
 
 most Obed’t humble Serv’t, 
 
 J. B. Dight. 
 
 Edward Winslow Appointed to Hew England Company. 
 
 At a general Court of the Hew England Company, Thursday 21st 
 July, 1791. 
 
 It appears from the Minutes that Dr. William Paine, one of the 
 Companies Commissioners had left the Province of Hew Brunswick and 
 the Lieutenant Governor having nominated Edward Winslow, Esquire, as 
 a fit person for a Commissioner; resolved that this Court do approve, and 
 the said Edward Winslow is hereby nominated. 
 
382 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1791 
 
 Duke of Richmond to Lieut. Governor Carleton. 
 
 Whitehall, 24th July, 1791. 
 
 Sir,—I have been honored with your two letters of the 2nd of October 
 and 20th of December last on the subject of a principal fortified Post and 
 Depot for Ordnance Stores in the Province of New Brunswick for which 
 purposes you give the preference to Fredericton rather than St. John. As 
 the various Ordnance Buildings necessary to be erected will amount to a 
 considerable expence, and certainly should be placed in that situation where 
 they can be most useful and be best protected, it appears to me desirable 
 that the Place to be made the Seat of Government, or at least the principal 
 Military Depot, should be first fixed upon, otherwise, after having laid out 
 a considerable sum of Money to form an Ordnance Establishment, we may 
 have to begin again in some other place, or be tied down to a bad one (as has 
 often beeen the case) on account of the Money that has already been laid 
 out upon it. 
 
 In respect to what may be thought the best Situation for these Pur¬ 
 poses I hope I need not assure you how sensible I am that every sort of 
 attention is due to your opinion on account of your Local Knowledge of 
 your Situation, and of your abilities as an Officer, and the more so as, from 
 the long acquaintance I have had with you, I can take upon me to answer 
 for you that no other motive than the Good of His Majesty’s Service can 
 biass your mind. 
 
 However I must confess that as far as the information I have been 
 able to obtain enables me to form any Judgment on this Subject, the Rea¬ 
 sons which you give would not lead me to prefer Fredericton to St. Johns 
 as a Military Depot, particularly for Ordnance Stores. 
 
 I understand that Fredericton, though more difficult of access to an 
 Enemy from its remote inland situation, is so commanded by high grounds 
 as to be still more difficult to be fortified than St. John, and although it 
 may have conveniences from its centrical Situation, and such Ordnance 
 Stores as may be necessary for its own protection and for the supply of its 
 small Neighborhood in the present infant state of the Colony may be con¬ 
 veyed up the river in the Summer Season in small craft of Fifty Tons 
 Burthen as you state, yet as I should suppose that in fixing a Military 
 Depot in the Province of New Brunswick, Government would have further 
 Objects in Contemplation, it strikes me that the Situation of Fredericton 
 would not be applicable to them. The objects I mean are, that a Military 
 Depot in New Brunswick should be calculated not merely for the Defence 
 of that Province but for the Defence of any other adjacent Province or 
 other part of His Majesty’s Dominions; or if necessary, for offensive oper¬ 
 ations against the neighboring American Provinces should they become 
 enemies to Great Britain. In all these Points of view, a place ninety miles 
 
1791] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 383 
 
 inland with a navigation only for small craft, and that shut up by the ice 
 near half the year, seems to me ill calculated for an Ordnance Depot, which 
 certainly must he protected against an Enemy, but which would lose one 
 of its greatest advantages if it was not at all times to be come at for His 
 Majesty’s Use. 
 
 The transporting Ordnance Stores, which are generally of a heavy 
 nature, from St. Johns up the Eiver to Fredericton, would also be attended 
 with a great and constant Expence for the hire of small Craft, and for the 
 shipping and unshipping them so often, and if an Enemy can gain posses¬ 
 sion of the Banks of the Eiver in any part, he may effectually cut off the 
 Communication. 
 
 For these Seasons Fredericton appears to be objectionable as a great 
 Military Depot. But St. John seems to be free from all the objections 
 that lie against Fredericton, and the peculiar circumstance that you men¬ 
 tion in its Harbour being never interrupted with ice even in the severest 
 seasons, instead of an objection, strikes me to be much in its Favour; for 
 although it is thereby rendered at all Times accessible to an Enemy it is 
 also open to us either to receive Succours, or for other Purposes, and con¬ 
 sidering the Naval Superiority which it is to be hoped this Country will 
 always preserve over every other, this Harbour being at all Times open to 
 a Naval Force seems to me to be much in its Favour, especially as fortifi¬ 
 cations can keep off an Enemy while our own ships can have an easy access 
 to the place. 
 
 There being a sufficient depth of water near the ground allotted to 
 the Ordnance at the south end of the Town of St. Johns to,make Wharfs, 
 on which our Stores can be landed at once from the Shjj)s without Light¬ 
 erage, is an object of great Importance in our Service, not only from the 
 saving of a great Expence but from the saving of much Time, which in 
 Military Operations is of so much Consequence. 
 
 As to the fortifying this Post it does not, from the Inspection of the 
 Plan and from what Information I can collect, appear to me to require 
 greater or more expensive Works than most other Harbours. 
 
 I have communicated these ideas to the Secretary of State and have 
 sent him Copies of your letters to me and also of Captain Straton’s to me 
 of the 26th December last upon this subject, which I understand was 
 communicated to you. But I have declined at present giving any decided 
 opinion, and have recommended that the subject should be referred to 
 Lord Dorchester and to you, to report fully respecting the best Situation 
 for a Military Depot, and when that Point is once settled, no Time shall 
 be lost in commencing upon the proposed Ordnance Buildings, and should 
 
384 WINSLOW PAPERS [1791 
 
 St. Johns be fixed upon I shall readily consider of some Plan for affording 
 to the Inhabitants of that Place the Protection they solicit. 
 
 I have the honor to be Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient humble Servant, 
 
 Richmond. 
 
 Alexander Gillish to Colonel Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miremoshi, July 29 , 1791. 
 
 Honored Sir,—I hope your Goodness will exkus mi for the Liberty 
 I have taken in writing. This is the second time I wrote your Honor By 
 the Reverent James Fraser* our Minester which told mi at his return that 
 he sent you the letter and that likways sid you after in Fredericktown and 
 that you told him you was to send mi ancewer by the first opertunity Con¬ 
 cerning that lot which I have hen scandles yoused about it for such a 
 number of the inhabitants sined ther names sertefien that ther was almost 
 thre acers of land Clered which all the Magestrets and settlers of that 
 regards to tel the trouth is cofedent that ther was not half of one acer 
 Clear, the wood was fallen on about half of an acer which was proved 
 and befor thre witness by Mr. Nichelson therefor if your Honer pleses I 
 should be glad if it was settled for I am willing to submit to what His 
 Excellency and your Honor thinks proper but I take it hard that one that 
 is in distress will not geat incoregemint. I cant complean on government 
 but the inhabetance that sweers that I shall not have it if His Excellency 
 was on the spot to put mi in pusheson of it, if it Pleas your Honer they 
 have pronunced thes words which I think is out of all Character and werrey 
 diseoragen to mi; if I was not in the destout situation that I am in I would 
 sertantly leve the place but I am so destout that it is out of my pour to 
 remov may famely at present for everything I head in the worald only what 
 was on my back was Consumed by fire the Eleven t of May last with Bed 
 and cloths and all my Furneter and everything I hade in the worald was 
 consumed that day only may Cow and Calf they was saved and nothing 
 else in the woarld belongen to mi; seed purtates and seed grean and netts 
 and all may fishing craft, so I was rendred uncapabel of dooing aneything 
 for the benefit of my famely. 
 
 I depend on your Honer for befrindinsr mi as I have non to depend 
 on and I hop God almighty bles and prosper you and your famely and 
 everything that Concerns you and I shall ever Bound to pray for your well- 
 feare when I am in life. 
 
 Alexr. Gillish. 
 
 *Reverend James Fraser was the first Presbyterian minister to officiate at 
 Saint John. He was also the first of that denomination at Miramichi. He was 
 educated at the University of Edinburgh, and seems to have come to Nova 
 Scotia about the close of the Revolutionary war. 
 
1791] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 385 
 
 Dugald Campbell* to Lieut. Governor Carleton. 
 
 Presq’ Isle,t 22d Augt. 1791. 
 
 (Private.) 
 
 Sir,—I have the satisfaction to acquaint your Excellency that I shall 
 be enabled to discharge all the people employed in the Engineer Depart¬ 
 ment at this Place about the later end of this week, the Foreman and four 
 Carpenters and two Sawyers excepted, and at Fort Carletonf by the return 
 of DuPere’s boat everybody will be discharged except three Carpenters. 
 These carpenters are necessary to be continued in order to compleat the 
 provision storehouse at this Place, and the inside work of the Buildings 
 including Barrack furniture, the whole may then be discharged, Mr. McNab 
 the foreman excepted, whom I hope your Excellency will have the good¬ 
 ness to continue for his very faithful discharge of duty at this place. 
 
 I ought not to omit to mention that a considerable part of the inside 
 work of the new Range of Barracks is already done, and I can assert that 
 (with judicious management) the troops quartered at the Upper Posts on 
 the River St. John may be as comfortable as any in the Province ’bating 
 the want of society. 
 
 I hope that your Excellency will be persuaded that I have made use 
 of all the expedition possible to forward these works and at the same time 
 the utmost economy. I do assure your Excellency that nothing has been 
 neglected that could contribute either to the one or the other, and I trust 
 that when the work is examined and the several difficulties insuperable 
 from such an undertaking well understood, these Posts will be found to 
 have cost as little money as any that ever were established. 
 
 I should be happy to have your Excellency’s permission to go down 
 when the people are discharged, as my remaining here longer will not then 
 be necessary. In the hopes that your Excellency will have no objections 
 
 * Dugald Campbell had served through the war in the 42d regiment, the “Old 
 Black Watch.” He was at Fredericton in July, 1785, an engineer in connection 
 with the erection of barracks, etc., there. He planned and superintended the 
 erection of the barracks as Presqueisle. In 1793 he received a commission as 
 lieutenant in the king’s New Brunswick regiment. He was clerk of the house 
 of assembly for some years. In 1803 he made an elaborate report on the state 
 of roads in New Brunswick, which is printed in the journals of the house of 
 assembly; it is of great interest. Dugald Campbell died at Fredericton and is 
 said to have been buried on his property at the junction of the rivers Nashwaak 
 and Tay. The date of his death was in April, 1810. For further particulars re¬ 
 lating to him see Jonas Howe’s article in N. B. Magazine of May, 1899, page 233. 
 
 fA military post was established at Presqueisle at this time. The barracks 
 built here and at Grand Falls were able to accommodate 6 officers and 118 men. 
 They were wooden buildings and in 1825 were reported “in ruins.” See the ac¬ 
 count of their condition at that date as described in Peter Fisher’s little His¬ 
 tory of N. B., page 42. See also remarks of James Glenie in Can. Archives for 
 1895, under the head of New Brunswick, page 26. 
 
 {“Fort Carleton” evidently was the name given to the post established at 
 Grand Falls. 
 
386 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1791 
 
 I shall go down at the same time and will write to Capt. Straton to this 
 effect. 
 
 In order to show that the demand for nails for the works here and 
 at Fort Carleton has been made upon mature reflection, I have directed 
 the foreman to make an estimate of the quantity necessary for the different 
 parts of the Buildings and inclosed it for your Excellency’s information. 
 
 I am Sir, your Excellency’s most obedient and 
 most humble serv’t 
 
 Dug’d Campbell, A, EngT. 
 
 John Moody to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 28th October, 1791. 
 
 Sir,—As I am about to traverse the Inquest held on my lot of land 
 at Miramichi, allow me with the greatest deference to solicit your interest 
 in my favour, and to state to you some of the particulars relative to this 
 unpleasant business. 
 
 When I was at Miramichi I had a cellar dug and a House put up ready 
 for covering. I had also at least two acres of land cleared in a handsome 
 manner and should have had more but my indisposition, peculiar situation, 
 and the scarcity of labour prevented. When I went to Halifax for medical 
 treatment, I appointed a person to lease the Lot Ho. 71 for three years. 
 * * * The tenant has not done as much as he might have done, 
 
 but he has put another House on the Lot cleared and improved consider¬ 
 able of Land which together with my improvements have escaped the 
 notice of the Jury. * * * The friendship which you have 
 
 manifested to my brother on several occasions, and the very polite attention 
 shown to me when at St. Anns merit my warmest acknowledgments. * * 
 
 Jno. Moody. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir J. G. Simcoe.* 
 
 Kingsclear, Hew Brunswick, 29th January, 1792. 
 
 Sir,—A call of Captain Me Gill’s t has given me a few minutes to con¬ 
 gratulate you on your arrival in this country, and on your appointment to 
 
 *John Graves' Simcoe was gazetted lieut. colonel commanding the Queen’s 
 Rangers in December, 1777. He was a brave and distinguished officer and his 
 corps was second to none in the British service. See “Simcoe’s operations of 
 the Queen’s Rangers.” From 1792 to 1796 Simcoe was lieutenant governor of 
 Upper Canada. 
 
 fJohn McGill was commissioned a lieutenant in the Grenadier company. 
 Queen’s Rangers, in 1776, and on Sept. 9th, 1777, was promoted captain of the 
 seventh company, from which in October, 1778, he was tansferred back to the 
 Grenadiers as commander. He came to New Brunswick at the close of the war 
 in 1783, but afterwards removed to Upper Canada, where he became a person 
 of note and was a member of the council of the province. He died in Toronto 
 in 1834 at the age of 83 years. 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 387 
 
 the command of the province of Upper Canada, an event which is consid¬ 
 ered as of great importance to His Majesty’s remaining Dominions in 
 America and which has given additional confidence to every consistent 
 and determined friend to the British constitution. 
 
 Immediately after the cessation of hostilities I came to this country, 
 and have since been unremittedly employed in exertions to settle it. In 
 various public stations I have assisted to form and organize the Govern¬ 
 ment, to establish courts, to distribute lands, &c—and have had a fair 
 opportunity to watch the progress and effects of the regulations made, and 
 to notice the errors which have been committed. 
 
 From the knowledge I have of your character I am convinced that 
 your system is the result of wisdom and deliberation, that it will he com- 
 pact and complete as possible, and pursued with perserving energy. I 
 am also satisfied that your civil officers will be judiciously chosen and well 
 informed, yet it is possible that (recent experience in lines of duty nearly 
 similar to those which they will probably pursue) may enable me to render 
 some small assistance either by the communication of forms, or by other 
 means, and I have particular pleasure in making through you a general 
 tender of my best services to any of them. 
 
 Marks of your attention during the war, are fresh upon my mind, and 
 I shall always be gratified when I can evince with what unvaried attach¬ 
 ment, respect and esteem, I am 
 
 Your most ob’t hum’le seFt 
 
 E. Winslow. ( 
 
 Sir John G. Simcoe to Edward Winslow. 
 
 March 5, 1792. 
 
 Dear Sir,—It is with very great pleasure that I acknowledge your 
 letter of the 29th of Jan’y. I assure you I was very much disappointed 
 in finding a very worthy namesake of yours in office in this place, as I had 
 hoped that I had letters to have delivered to you, & I have much to regret 
 that you are settled at such a distance from where my Lot has fallen. 
 
 Nothing can be more acceptable to me than your very friendly offer 
 of such communications as your experience must render highly valuable 
 to me. I am in the pursuit of knowledge & shall be happy, in the fullest 
 extent, to avail myself of your assistance & beg from you the most unre¬ 
 served communication to assist me in the arduous & difficult Duty which I 
 felt it my part not to shrink from when it was unexpectedly offered to me. 
 One hour’s conversation would elucidate my Plans more than days of writ¬ 
 ing. I shall only say what is particularly applicable at present: That I 
 wish to connect the British Empire as much as possible, & in pursuance 
 of that Idea wish to adopt the forms & very language on all points that 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 HJ792 
 
 may bear a similitude with what the more ancient Colonies have chosen 
 to do. Judge Saunders has sent me the Laws of N. Brunswick & you will 
 oblige me much if you could furnish me with a list of the Posts, offices, & 
 Salaries of the officers of that Government, particularly small ones, with 
 any remarks you may think proper. If there be printed regulations for 
 the grants of Lands, nothing would be more satisfactory to me than to 
 receive them with your remarks on their defects; approbation or amend¬ 
 ment of the system. 
 
 If in your knowledge of the Government of the United States you 
 shall have perceived any radical defects which may be illustrated by a 
 strong & direct contrary system of conduct in the Government of Upper 
 Canada, nothing would be more gratifying to me than your communicating 
 on such a subject. 
 
 The Government of Upper Canada will soon attract the notice of the 
 Inhabitants of America, & they will be perpetually called upon in conver¬ 
 sation & act to decide whether the present confederation of the United 
 States with each other, or that which the British Colonies have with Great 
 Britain, is most advantageous. 
 
 You see, my dear Sir, that I heartily & confidentially embrace your 
 offer, & am with many an honourable recollection, 
 
 Your humble serv’t, 
 
 J. G. Simcoe. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to the Secretary of the Lords of Trade: 
 
 (Masts for thu Navy.) 
 
 London, 19th March 1792. 
 
 Sir-1 have had the honor to receive your leter dated the 13th inst, 
 
 which I should have sooner answered but for my absence from town. 
 
 In obedience to the commands of the Lords of the Commitee of Coun¬ 
 cil for Trade and Foreign Plantations, I beg leave most respectfully to 
 submit to their lordships the following information and opinions on the 
 Extract of Lieut. Governor Carleton’s letter, dated loth July, 1791, in¬ 
 closed to me in your letter. 
 
 The prohibition from cutting White Pine Trees by 8th Geo. I, Cha. 
 12. enacts penalties for cutting or destroying any from 12 inches diameter 
 and upwards and by the act of 2d. Geo. II, Ch. 35 it is enacted that the 
 same penalties should be extended althffi the Trees “do grow within the 
 limits of any Township laid out or to be laid out hereafter.” 
 
 The wisdom of these Acts are evident. For if it is lawful to cut and 
 destroy trees under 24 inches diameter there would soon be none left to 
 grow so large as to be uithin the Limitation, & thereby the whole inten¬ 
 tion of the Legislature be defeated. It is also to be observed that Trees 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 389 
 
 from 12 to 24 inches diameter are equally essential for His Maiesty’s Navy 
 as those above that size, & therefore as necessarily an object of the Public 
 care, and this seems to have been so considered in the 2d George II, where 
 provision is made to counteract the evasions attempted at that time under 
 pretence of such Trees growing on Lands granted to private persons. The 
 Surveyor General of the Woods and his Deputys act under these Statutes, 
 and happily for the Public interest, not solely under the reservations made 
 of the Pine Timber in some Patents under the Provincial Great Seals,* 
 which His Majesty’s Ministers in their most judicious care of an object so 
 highly important to this kingdom as masting the Royal Navy, directed 
 should be inserted, thereby intending a forfeiture of the land granted for 
 destroying Pine Timber. But in several Patents this useful clause or con¬ 
 dition has been omitted, and that powerful measure in such cases lost to 
 the Public. 
 
 Several of these Patents are now in the Province of New Brunswick 
 by the late division from Nova Scotia. They have been purchased by in¬ 
 dividuals with a view of selling the Pine Timber with which many of them 
 abound, quite as much as for any purpose of settlement and cultivation. 
 Being restrained from destroying the White Pine Trees fit for His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s service they have artfully imposed on Lieut. Governor Carleton’s 
 inexperience in this particular, and persuaded him to suppose the preserva¬ 
 tion of White Timber is a discouragement to the settlement, and that be¬ 
 cause the King has graciously granted the Land & other Timber, it is a 
 Hardship that Pine Trees should be reserved. In this idea all Grantees 
 of Land readily join, for it is admitted that they are certainly benefitted in 
 gaining an additional property from the Public and obviously to its irre¬ 
 parable loss, and the more fatally so as the Pine Timber in the remaining 
 British Colonies is now the only resource that can long be relied on. For 
 since the restrictions of the Surveyor General’s office have been removed 
 from New England, the mast timber is nearly destroyed, insomuch that it 
 is scarcely possible to procure a Cargo of Large masts in that country, & 
 such as may be had are at enormous price. Many attempts were made in 
 the British Colonies before the American Revolution to gain a right to all 
 the White Pine Timber in a manner similar to those now agitated in New 
 Brunswick—and by various others means, all which I effectually resisted 
 entirely to the approbation of His Majesty’s Ministers. 
 
 That the Surveyor General of the Woods and his Deputys have a legal 
 right to seize all White Pine Trees or Timber which they find in the pos¬ 
 session of any one, although it may have been cut on his own ground, 
 
 *For example in the grant to DeLancey’s corps at Woodstock of 24,150 acres 
 the words occur, “Saving and reserving nevertheless to us, our heirs and suc- 
 “ cessors, (i. e., to the crown) all white pine trees, if any shall be found there- 
 “ on.” 
 
390 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 T1792 
 
 unless he first obtains a License, and that it is their duty so to do, is'evident 
 to me. It has been so considered and. often judicially determined in His 
 Majesty’s late Colonies in America where only one exception was admitted, 
 viz., where the Pine Timber grew on Lands in the Province of Massachu¬ 
 setts Bay which were Private Property and so known on or before the year 
 1690. In all other cases it was decreed or adjudicated that the Pine Trees 
 were reserved to the Crown, altho’ the Lands on which they grew were 
 Granted and became Private Property. 
 
 If it should be found expedient & perfectly consistent with His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s instructions to his Governors in America to grant all the Lands in 
 their respective Provinces, can it be reasonable to infer that all the Pine 
 Timber in British America should thereby be diverted from the Crown and 
 the Royal Navy left to the discretion of Individuals for the preservation 
 of such timber, or to their disinterestedness for a ready supply at a moder¬ 
 ate price, and all the Acts of Parliament relative to this service wholly 
 defeated? 
 
 Yet these are the certain consequences which my duty to His Majesty 
 obliges me to declare must result from the measures of relaxation or sur¬ 
 render of the Public Rights implied in Lieut. Governor Carleton’s letter. 
 
 It has already begun to appear. The proprietors of lands granted 
 claim the Pine Timber growing on their Lands, and have instituted or 
 commenced suits at law against the Contractors for supplying His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s Navy under Licence for cutting and taking such Timber for His 
 Majesty’s service unless they will pay a considerable price for the Trees. 
 These actions were brought in April, 1791, and it seems they soon after¬ 
 wards persuaded Lieut. Governor Carleton into their opinion, under pre¬ 
 tence of encourageing the Settlement of the Province. 
 
 His Majesty’s Ministers, benevolently attentive to the convenience of 
 the New Settlers in the Province, furnished me with an Instruction au¬ 
 thorizing & requiring me to grant Licence to Proprietors of Lands to cut 
 and take away such Pine Timber as was unfit for His Majesty’s Service and 
 the standing of which was detrimental to cultivation. Upon this Instruc¬ 
 tion it was my duty to grant Licences after a previous inspection of the 
 Timber and marking such for reservation as were fit for the Navy. This 
 duty has been done with all possible attention to the interests and accom¬ 
 modation of the Inhabitants, and I may say nearly without expence to 
 them, as there hath not been five pounds paid for all the writing and extra 
 duty it has naturally and unavoidably occasioned for seven past years. 
 Nor did I ever hear any complaint, and I most diligently enquired person¬ 
 ally and on the spot (being from five to eight months every year employed 
 myself in travelling over all parts of the Country by which means I had 
 opportunity of information that no other person could have.) And from 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 39 L 
 
 twenty six years experience in this office, honoured with continued appro¬ 
 bation of my services by His Majesty’s Ministers, they being able to judge 
 between the real interest of the Crown and the suggestions of individuals 
 for their own exclusive advantage, it becomes my duty to add that to my 
 best knowledge there does not arise any real discouragement to the settle¬ 
 ment of the Provinces from the operations or effects. * * * [Re¬ 
 
 mainder missing. There is no signature but there can be no doubt that 
 the author of the Communication was Sir John Wentworth. He returned 
 to Halifax from England later in this year, and on the death of Governor 
 Parr was appointed his successor.] 
 
 William Hubbard* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, May 29, 1792. 
 
 Sir,—I was exceedingly sorry that I lost the opportunity of conversing 
 with you before you left town on a subject which I conceive of very great 
 consequence to the peace and quiet of the country. If Sir the people who 
 have endeavoured to impose themselves upon the Governor & Council as a 
 regular dissenting congregation should gain so much credit as to obtain 
 the end sought for, it will introduce into this Province more anarchy and 
 confusion than has hitherto been known. It will I am fully convinced 
 drive many and valuable subjects from it such as will not be easily replaced. 
 
 Hitherto the members of the Church of England have peaceably ac¬ 
 quiesced under every act of the Governor & Council, arrogating no merit 
 to themselves from such a conduct, tho’ they have secretly complained that 
 the Governor and Council have been imposed upon by false representations 
 to the prejudice of the Loyal Inhabitants that have emigrated to this 
 country, whilst on the contrary those who could not have the least right to 
 expect special favors have insidiously obtained them. Let me ask you, Sir, 
 whether those very people have not been the first to murmur and com¬ 
 plain? Suffer me, Sir, to innumerate a few instances wherein the former 
 Inhabitants have been favoured in prejudice to the latter. 
 
 * William Hubbard was a strong Loyalist and an equally strong churchman. 
 He settled in Maugerville, where he was deputy surrogate (under Colonel 
 Winslow), registrar of deeds and wills, a member of the house of assembly and 
 presiding justice of the court of common pleas. At the first provincial election 
 in 1785 the old inhabitants had as their candidates James Simonds and Nehe- 
 miah Beckwith. They attempted to elect them both, and in so doing overshot 
 the mark, for the Loyalists noted the polling of the first day, which was by 
 open vote, and seeing that the “old inhabitants” voted solely for Simonds and 
 Beckwith, they by common consent voted for Hubbard and Vandeburgh, who 
 were elected. The elections at that time lasted some days, the poll being taken 
 from parish to parish. The contest was keen but the Loyalists won. For many 
 years there was much friction and jealousy between the old settlers and the 
 Loyalists, which extended to religious as well as secular matters. The letter 
 above must therefore be read with due allowance for the party spirit then pre¬ 
 vailing. 
 
392 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1795 
 
 In the Parish of Burton nearly one half of the lots of land have been 
 granted to the old Inhabitants who had lands granted to them before. 
 They on finding the country likely to be populated, many of them quitted 
 their own ground and took possession of unlocated Lands, they made but 
 small improvements, but being in possession and it being represented to 
 Government that they were in possession and had made improvements 
 thereon, without being informed that their only motives were either to be 
 paid for them or obtain grants whereby they might dispose of them to 
 their own emolument and the distress of the suffering Loyalists. Many of 
 them to this day hold their Lands and suffer them to lie uncultivated to the 
 great damage of the settlers, and others to my own knowledge have im¬ 
 mediately on receiving their Grants sold their lots at from fifty to two 
 hundred pounds and some of them after selling them have immediately 
 left the country. 
 
 They stile themselves in their Petition “a regular dissenting congre¬ 
 gation.” Pray Sir what regularity is there in that mode of worship that 
 admits into its Churches Preachers of every denomination, except those of 
 the established religion of the land? Do they ever enquire into the au¬ 
 thority or credentials of the man who says he is a preacher, or do they en¬ 
 quire into his moral character? No, let him be a Baptist, a Methodist, a 
 Quaker, a Mahometan, or a Jew, or let him be of what sect or religion what¬ 
 soever, so that he is not a lawful preacher, he is admitted. 
 
 If, Sir, the lot in question was to be given to the Dissenters, suffer me 
 to ask what description of Dissenters have the right? I conceive the law 
 knows of no distinction, and I humbly conceive it out of the power of 
 any body of men to make an equitable and just distinction. Those who 
 now ask for it are neither more “regular” nor more moral than the others, 
 and as to their three leading men a small portion of honor will fall to their 
 share. The first character has been indicted by two inquests of the county 
 for perjury and still lies under the censure, the second has been charged 
 upon a well grounded suspicion of Burglary, the third and last great man 
 was a Cowardly Rebel Serjeant acting against Cumberland. Now, Sir, 
 these are the characters that have the assurance to ask for special favours. 
 It is said that Government are prevented from complying with the prayer 
 of the memorial of the Wardens & Vestry of the Church of England by a 
 former promise to those people that they should not be disturbed in their 
 possession of the Lot. Grant that such a promise has been made; but was 
 that promise made to the Hammonites, to the Palmerites, to the Brookites* 
 
 *Walter Bates, sheriff of Kings’ county, in a manuscript now in possession 
 of Morris Robinson of Saint John, speaks of having visited Maugerville soon 
 after the Loyalists arrived in the county. He says, “In Sheffield and Water- 
 “ borough the people were divided into three sects named after their own 
 “ preachers, namely, Hartites, Brookites and Hammonites. Each sect preached 
 “ their own doctrine, but were annually inspired by two travelling preachers 
 “ from Nova Scotia.” 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 or to the last and worst of all the Pearlyites or Burpejtes—for these all 
 once professed to he one and the same people in profession of religion. 
 
 If the Lot should be given to either it would give great offence to the 
 others, for I conceive each have an equal claim of right. If, Sir, Govern¬ 
 ment think themselves so far pledged to those people that they cannot 
 grant the lot to the Church of England, let me intreat, Sir, that you will 
 use your power to let the Lot remain as it is—in which situation the 
 Church being in possession we are perfectly easy and secure in our title. 
 
 I hope in the name of God that Government are not pledged to put 
 them in possession. They have fairly and righteously dispossessed them¬ 
 selves, we are in legal possession and, as far as the laws of our country will 
 justify us, we mean to defend it.* 
 
 I must ask your pardon for taking the liberty of thus making known 
 to you the most humble request of every member of the Church of England 
 in the County of Sunbury, that you will, as they have every hope to believe, 
 stand forth in the defence of the rights of the Church of England, and I 
 have it in command to say that you will insure the hearts of every Church¬ 
 man, who are ever loyal. 
 
 I am, Sir, in behalf of the members of the Church, with profound 
 respect, 
 
 Your humble Servant, 
 
 Wm. Hubbard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to William Hazen. 
 
 Fredericton, 1st June, 1792. 
 
 D’r Sir,—Representation has been made to General Carleton that the 
 Lime Kilnf in front of Fort Howe exposes the Buildings, stores, &c. to 
 great risque and is otherwise attended with material inconveniences to the 
 service, and he desires me to give you notice that he has been under the 
 necessity of giving directions to Captain Dixon to forbid any Lime to he 
 burned in that situation for the future. 
 
 I am, with much esteem 
 
 Your most ohed’t Serv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 *See New Brunswick Historical Society Collections, Vol. 1, p. 146, for the 
 story of the encounter between Messrs. Hubbard and DeVeber and Messrs. 
 Burpee and Coburn. It appears that the lot in dispute was claimed as a glebe 
 by the Church of England and also by the dissenters as having been reserved 
 for them in the original grant of the township of Maugerville. It is rather dif¬ 
 ficult to get at the merits of the controversy; both parties seemed to have be¬ 
 lieved themselves in the right. 
 
 f This lime kiln had been in use ever since the settlement of James Simonds 
 and James White at St. John harbor in April, 1764. 
 
394 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1792 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 9th June, 1792. 
 
 Many, many thanks to yon, my dear Sir, for your timely obliging letter 
 congratulating me on my late appointment, and arrival here. Be assured 
 your friendly participation is among those things that give real pleasure, 
 and add confidence to my hopes on the present occasion. Mr. Brinley was 
 with me when your letter came to hand. He united with Mrs. Wentworth 
 and myself in rejoicing that your heart is still strong. We have long 
 known and respected its firmness, and sound attachment to its friendships,, 
 but we are now sorry to find the Gout has so long made prisoners of your 
 hands. The advancing summer I trust will release them and possibly en¬ 
 able you to give us a visit. I wish to God I could say, a residence among 
 us. for now, more than ever, do I wish your Lot was happily cast among us. 
 Every moment since my arrival has been unavoidably engaged in business, 
 or ceremony, which is sometimes more urgent—and now I have stolen a 
 minute, between the tide and the eddy, to make my thanks to you, and to 
 assure you of my best regards—pray present me in great kindness to all 
 your family, and say to all my friends that I reciprocate with them most 
 perfectly, in every friendly sentiment. 
 
 In the 6th Regt. is a Mr. Strong, who has been kindly mentioned to me 
 in Yorkshire; Can you inform me where he is, how circumstanced, & 
 whether I can by any means be useful to him? If he is within your reach, 
 pray tell him, that I shall rejoice in any occasion to convince him of my 
 best wishes. Yesterday I had a letter from our friend Gov’r Fanning—he 
 is well; I believe his affairs will go honorably for him in England. 
 
 Adieu, God bless you. The Philistines are upon—your sincere friend 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 Thomas Costin* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Madowoiska, York County, July 2nd, 1792. 
 
 Sir,—Mr. Joseph Paquet, Missionary appointed by the Bishop of Que¬ 
 bec for this Place, by Information made to him, ^knowing that Your 
 
 * Thomas Costin was in 1791 appointed a magistrate at Madawaska in re¬ 
 sponse to the applications of the Acadian settlers for a resident magistrate. 
 He was a man of fair education and taught school at Madawaska. He attend¬ 
 ed some of the sessions of the peace at Fredericton. Madawaska at that time 
 formed part of the county of York, both sides of the river being under our pro¬ 
 vincial jurisdiction. Thomas Costin married a French woman by the name of 
 Chenard, and had his children brought up according to their mother’s faith. 
 In the old baptismal register the parish priest has written: “II donne pleine et 
 entiere liberte a sa femme, qui est Romaine de religion, de suivre et pratiquer 
 les enseignements de sa religion,” and to this Costin signs his name. In a few 
 places where his signature occurs in public documents he adds the word “In- 
 stituteur.” He removed to Fredericton in 1804, where he taught S. P. G. school 
 for a time, but later went to the province of Quebec. See his letter of January 
 3, 1807. 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 395 
 
 Honour takes great pleasure in Regulating the affairs of this place, There¬ 
 fore the worthy Gentleman hath Imployed and Impowered Joseph Deggle 
 with a Petition to present the same to His Excellency, requesting a Salary 
 for Executing his Ministry Duty and Givilising the Indian Nation, & as 
 he is a Stranger to you, hath Requested that I should write to your Honour 
 Requesting your Assistance by Examining the Petition and to Introduce 
 Joseph Deggle to His Excellency that he may Receive an Answer & in case 
 you will grant the said favour he will he accountable to you for the same. 
 I do acknowledge Mr. Paquet is a worthy respectfull Gentleman, this is 
 but the second Time he has come to this place, but he does take much the 
 Interest of this Province, as I can Understand, both private and Public. I 
 am sensible that he will make it his Duty to Civilise the Indian Nation & 
 a better Preacher can not be expected for our District. 
 
 Now my mind I do declare & thanks be to the Lord for Granting me 
 that day that my Enemies & the Prosecutors against New Brunswick was 
 overthrown; that is to say I took greatly upon me to Defend this part of 
 the Province as soon as I was Honoured [with being appointed magistrate], 
 where there was numbers Rise Against me & would have this place to 
 belong to the Province of Canada.* I undertook so much, that I was de¬ 
 termined to Loose my Property. If they had gained the Day, and If their 
 desire had been accomplished I would have suffered Considerably. I am 
 Likewise happy that Oliver Sir [Cyr] hath received the Commission of 
 Captain; he is a faithfull servant & will sertently Conform himself by the 
 Laws and Regulations of New Brunswick; he has Inroll’d the Inhabitants 
 & would wish to have the Acts of Militia in French that he might Execute 
 his Duty. I will assist him as much as will Lay in my Power & translate 
 the Acts in French as just as possible I can do, provided Government will 
 Alow for the same as well as all Other writings which he may_ Receive in 
 English, which I shall be trubled to Explain the same—for such Business 
 time is Required. 
 
 I have punished Anselm Robicheaud since my arrival. I have made 
 him pay forty Shillings for Commiting Disturbance & five Pounds for Re¬ 
 tailing Liquors at the Entrance of the Lake call’d Degele, & I have been 
 Informed that the said Robicheaud hath Petitioned Lately to the Gov¬ 
 ernor of Quebec Requesting Satisfaction but none has been Granted, There¬ 
 fore he proposes going to Fredericton; that is my Desire: then I will Expect 
 that Government will Recompence in proportion to his faithfullness & 
 good Behavior Committed at this place. 
 
 The Inhabitants hath Commenced the Road & I expect next year the 
 Road will be Opened from Green River to Madowoiska River upon Hilly 
 Land & at the Grand River. I would take it as a kind favor to Inform me 
 
 *Some interesting details regarding this boundary dispute will be found under the 
 head of New Brunswick in Canadian Archives for 1895, pp. 28-31. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1792 
 
 m 
 
 by Joseph Deggle in Writing the Duty of a Clerk of a Parish, as X am not 
 Acquainted with that point of the Law & whether You have devided this 
 place into a township & you Will Oblige, Sir, 
 
 Your Most Humble Serv’t 
 
 Thos. Costin. 
 
 [P. S.] Mr. Deggle will deliver to you a Memorial that is iri my name 
 & as you have promised to Assist me Whenever I shall Request, therefore 
 I Request [you]' to Inform© me by the same Opportunity, whether I may 
 Depend upon the Island for which I petition & I shall be Indebted for your 
 Assistance. 
 
 To the Honourable 
 
 Edward Winslow, Esq’r, Kingsclear. 
 
 Captain Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Yashwaack, Aug’t 20th, 1792. 
 
 My dear friend,—The many instances I have experienced of your 
 friendly disposition towards me, have emboldened me to trouble you once 
 more. 
 
 After making every exertion to establish myself for life in the Coun¬ 
 try, I find my efforts of no avail. Both Mrs. Lyman and myself disap¬ 
 pointed and ruined in our fortunes, and our once good prospects perfectly 
 blasted. Unable to labor, my small income will not support me without it. 
 
 I have now no alternative but to seek relief from the Government I 
 have served so zealously and in whose cause I have suffered so much.* 
 
 My hopes and pretensions are founded on my very severe and uncom¬ 
 mon sufferings from the wounds I received in His Majesty’s service, and 
 from the official assurances of His Majesty’s Ministers while in England, 
 who offered and advised me to^ccept an invalid provision, but my zeal for 
 the service I was engaged in was such, that had it been possible for me to 
 serve on crutches I should have returned to my duty. This procured me 
 the most honorable recommendations and further assurances “that if I 
 would return to England after the war I should have the provision of an 
 invalid officer.” This I should have embraced immediately after the peace, 
 but persuaded by my friends and the promises of an ample assistance and 
 support from the expected compensations to the Loyalists, I preferred it to 
 soliciting or burdening the Government who appeared disposed to deal so 
 generously by us; but in this we experienced an almost total disappoint¬ 
 ment, which is now the grand reason that compels me to make use of the 
 strong claims I have for the further favour of Government. 
 
 ^Captain Daniel Lyman had been severely wounded in 1777. He saw much 
 hard service during the war. 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 397 
 
 Altho’ I have a long time neglected making this application I hope it 
 is not yet too late, I have many friends in England who I think will exert 
 themselves to serve me, and for my delay I have this plea, that increasing 
 age, the severities of a northern climate and the hardships that one must 
 necessarily undergo in settling a new country, makes me feel with ten fold 
 force the ill effect arising from the uncommon severity of my wounds. 
 
 And further to strengthen my claims and increase my interest, I have 
 to beg you will request the Governor to recommend me to the protection 
 of his noble brother, and to his friend Mr. Watson. 
 
 I have for a long time wished to ask this favour of His Excellency, 
 but fearful of giving him offence by my presumption, I have thought this 
 mode of making my request known the most preferable; I hope you will 
 have no objection to do me this act of friendship, but if you have, I beg you 
 will have candour enough to decline it. 
 
 I have endeavoured to avoid a long pathetic tale, as I think you are 
 too well acquainted with my case, and your feelings for the unfortunate 
 too much alive to require it. If you think it necessary to lay before His 
 Excellency the many certificates and vouchers I have in support of my pre¬ 
 tensions, pray have the goodness to acquaint me, and I will attend to it. 
 
 I have to request your opinion and advice on the business I have pro¬ 
 posed to undertake. 
 
 I am with the highest esteem and regard, 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 - Danff Lyman. 
 
 Colonel Jacob Ellegood* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, Hov. 19, 1792. 
 
 [Condensed.] Col. Ellegood asks Winslow if he can with propriety 
 ask for a grant of the interval [flats] in front of his land in Fredericton “as 
 low down as the Blacksmith shop.” Had purchased from General Arnoldt 
 
 *Colonel Jacob Ellegood apparently was not an officer in one of the Loyalist 
 regiments. He probably served in the American loyal militia. He at first 
 settled at Fredericton, removing thence to Dumfries. He brought to the coun¬ 
 try one or two slaves named Wise. In 1795 he was elected a member of the 
 house of assembly. He was an active magistrate, and under his supervision 
 the first roads and bridges were constructed in the parishes of Prince William 
 and Dumfries. He died at the Ellegood homestead on the banks of the river St. 
 John—the place yet in possession of his descendants. Rev. Canon Ellegood of 
 Montreal is a grandson. 
 
 fBenedict Arnold, the “traitor,” after his defection from the Americans 
 commanded a Loyalist corps called the American Legion, which was raised in 
 the latter part of 1780, and included both cavalry and infantry. He went to 
 England at the close of the war, but afterwards came out to America, arriving 
 in Halifax Nov. 19, 1785, after a five weeks’ passage, in his brig, the Lord Mid¬ 
 dleton. An account of his sojourn at St. John will be found in Lawrence’s 
 “Foot Prints,” pp. 70-78. While he was in New Brunswick he lived for a short 
 time at Fredericton. The site of his residence was that of “Rose Hall,” below 
 town. He sold the property to Colonel Ellegood. He left the province about 
 the end of 1791. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1793 
 
 and also bought No. 2 from G-. Lambert adjoining the Blacksmith shop. 
 Had laid out £700 at least improving his lands in and about Fredericton 
 and not less than £800 on his lands above. He says, “I have never yet had 
 any land given me by Government, altho’ they were so kind as to pass an 
 order in Council in my favor of land &c. on the Powkeak in rear of my 
 Prince William farms, for which I am much obliged to them.” 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sussex Yale, 15th Jan’y, 1793. 
 
 Dear Winslow—I am sorry we have lost the services of Chip man in 
 the House of Assembly. Had the event been known in time in this 
 County we would have shown by our choice of him the folly and madness 
 of the citizens, I however hope he will yet be elected for Westmorland 
 having this day heard from there of there being a great prospect of it.* 
 
 Coffin will come to you in great triumph over his numerous enemies 
 the Cits, who used their influence here against him. Is it possible for us 
 to get a room at Fredericton during the session without giving so much 
 trouble which I must otherwise of necessity do, to a private family. 
 
 Col. Ellegood has been friendly and polite enough to direct me to a 
 Bed with him, but the smallness of his house and the largeness of his 
 family must produce great inconvenience, and to go to a tavern, which is 
 during the sitting of the House a scene of confusion, is to me the Devil; 
 a lodging with my horses in a stable is much preferable. 
 
 My best compliments to Mrs. Winslow & family, and believe me, 
 
 Truly yours 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Seat of Government at Fredericton. 
 
 [Note. In the rough draft of the letter written by Edward Winslow 
 to Gregory Townsend, dated at Kingsclear Jan. 17, 1793, which follows, 
 there is the following sentence through which Winslow has drawn his pen. 
 It no doubt contains a statement of fact. W. 0. R.] 
 
 “The establishment of the seat of Government at this place, [meaning 
 Fredericton], originally gave offence to the merchants at St. John, and 
 they grumble yet. Whenever the citizens have a fair opportunity they 
 give little specimens of their spite—but it is not very distressing. We 
 have had a recent instance of it with respect to Chipman who has lost his 
 election in the City.” 
 
 *Ward Chipman was defeated largely on account of his advocacy of Fred¬ 
 ericton as the site of the capital of the province. After his defeat in St. John 
 he was elected as a representative of the county of Northumberland—not West¬ 
 morland, as Mr. Leonard had anticipated. 
 
Sir John Wentworth, Baht. 
 
 Lieut.-Gov’r of Nova Scotia. 
 
 [From the oil painting in Government House, Halifax, N. S,r 
 
1793] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Gregory Townsend. 
 
 Kingsclear, 17th January, 1793. 
 
 D’r Townsend,—Thank you for yours of the 3d ultimo, which was 
 delivered me by Col. Whyte who arrived safe after some perils. The 
 Colonel gives an animated description of the society at Halifax & of the 
 hospitable reception he met with particularly at the Government House 
 & at yours. I have had several tete-a-tetes with him & am not yet tired 
 of listening to a string of anecdotes which are particularly interesting be¬ 
 cause they concern a circle of friends; for whom I have a most cordial 
 esteem. I have- also been highly gratified in hearing of the harmony and 
 prosperity which seems to prevail in your province. These are the neces¬ 
 sary consequences of vigorous & extensive liberality in a Chief Magistrate. 
 Factions cannot easily interrupt the tranquillity of a Government with 
 Wentworth at its head. The Devil must borrow some qualities which he 
 has not generally credit for before he can prevail, even on the worst of man¬ 
 kind, to oppose measures which are evidently dictated by. genuine patri¬ 
 otism and disinterested benevolence. 
 
 Our province goes on in the old way slowly but tolerably sure. The 
 inhabitants gradually extend their cultivation and we begin'to feel the 
 benefit of our exertions. We have good markets in the towns, and the 
 Farmers live comfortably. One arrangement, however, I think we shall 
 have cause to regret-—our Gentlemen have all become potato planters and 
 our shoemakers are preparing to legislate. If the operations, of the latter 
 do not turn out more profitably than those of the former we shall certainly 
 have a damn’d bad system. 
 
 • For my own part, I continue to bustle through thick, and thin, rather 
 out of my element in a country where activity js unfashionable and a spirit 
 of enterprise is either called by the name of enthusiasm, or. blasted in the 
 bud by being imputed to a romantic disposition. 
 
 My two annual comforts a child and a fit of the Gout return invari¬ 
 ably. They came together this heat and, as Forrest used to say, made me 
 as happy as if the Devil had me. The Boy is a fine fellow (of course) and 
 makes up the number nine now living. My old friend Mrs. Hazen about 
 the same time produced her nineteenth. I’ve one boy,* Townsend, that 
 I want to consult my friends about. I sent him to England to save him 
 from perdition—but I could not afford to keep him there. He returned 
 to me accomplished beyond my expectation—a good classical scholar, a 
 good writer, &c, but he had acquired ideas which ill accorded with my situ¬ 
 ation. It was in vain I tried to reconcile him to the Country! [The 
 remainder of this letter wanting.] 
 
 *Daniel Murray Winslow, his eldest son. 
 fThat is New Brunswick. 
 
400 
 
 W INSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1793 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax 25th March, 1793. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I rejoice with yon in the addition to your family, for 
 “happy is the man &e”—and, may your family he the most perfect verifica¬ 
 tion of the declaration is our sincere wish. We accept the office of Spon¬ 
 sors with great pleasure, and I am particularly obliged in the name you 
 kindly propose. Permit me to request, if you & Mrs. Winslow have no 
 objection, that the name may he added John Frances Wentworth in imita¬ 
 tion of my Son’s, who was named Charles Mary, by desire of his Sponsors 
 Lord and Lady Rockingham,* whose surnames are Wentworth. 
 
 Our good friend Mr. Townsend came in to the Cell just as I received 
 your letter inclosing one to him. We immediately consulted upon your 
 reference to us about your oldest son going into the Navy; and both agree 
 that it is a measure we cannot recommend to the son of our friend. For 
 these, among other reasons. He must have an allowance of 25 Guineas per 
 annum for six years at least, perhaps ten. If in that time he is lucky he 
 may obtain a Lieutenancy, in which he may possibly remain on half pay the 
 rest of his life. You are sensible my dear friend it is not merit alone that 
 will promote a man in the Service & it every day grows more difficult. In¬ 
 deed there are instances of success—as Capt. Coffint—hut he is of a family 
 that have a run of good fortune not to he calculated upon. I should not 
 be surprised if he or any of that family were made Chancellors or Arch¬ 
 bishops. 
 
 Such being the prospect rationally to look forward to, is it not against 
 all good sense to embrace it. On the contrary, if the young man prefers 
 a Sea life; if he were my own Son, I would put him into the Merchant’s 
 Service, where his talents and education will make him easy and inde¬ 
 pendent in much less time than he can hope to be a Lieutenant upon which 
 he may half starve all the rest of his life—An instance before us! Judge 
 Brenton put his son into the Navy five or six years since, has always been 
 distressed to keep him along & has no hopes of promotion. Wm. Taylor 
 put his two sons into the Merchants Service—they are both in easy circum¬ 
 stances, very respectable in the community, and in progress to make good 
 fortunes—while young Brenton, with equal talents & education is a Mid¬ 
 shipman without a shilling, and living infinitely harder than either of the 
 others ever have done. 
 
 I can get your son on to a Quarter deck. It will incur the expence 
 before named , for no Capt. will take a young Gent, unless an annuity is 
 
 *This reference gives the clue to origin of the name of the first station on 
 the I. C. R. out of Halifax; it is called “Rockingham,” and is in the vicinity 
 of the old Prince’s Lodge, or Friar Lawrence’s Cell, to which Sir John Went¬ 
 worth also refers above. 
 
 f He was a brother of John Coffin, and became an admiral with the title of 
 Sir Isaac Coffin, Baronet. He entered the navy in 1773, and died in England 
 iri 1840 at the age of 80 years. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 401 
 
 8.793] 
 
 stipulated, and they are certainly right, for they cannot live upon their 
 pay. One quarter of the annual expence in the Merchant Service will in 
 two or three years make him in easy circumstances and in seven or eight 
 years he may live on shore as a Merchant of respectability. 
 
 I have honestly given you my advice, and will be cordially friendly to 
 your son, whenever in my power, which way soever you may determine. 
 [Remainder of this letter wanting.] 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saturday Eve’g, 20 April, 1793. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—The Packet from Annapolis is this moment ar¬ 
 rived in which came Straton from Halifax. I have not yet seen him but 
 understand the news to be that Governor Wentworth has orders to raise a 
 Regiment in that Province, of which our Beverley Robinson is to be Lieu¬ 
 tenant Colonel, and that our Governor is to raise a Regiment in this Pro¬ 
 vince of which Coffin* is to be Lieutenant Colonel, and that the Governors 
 have the appointment of the other officers. How much of this is true you 
 will immediately find out, but presuming the intelligence not to be entirely 
 without foundation I seize the moment to suggest whether I could not 
 obtain the Paymastership of the Regiment in this Province. It lies of 
 course in the first instance with the commanding officer and I should sup¬ 
 pose the Governor would have no objection. Your office I should imagine 
 would of course revive. Don’t let Paddock be over-looked as the Surgeon 
 of the Reg’t here at any rate. The 65th, I understand, are to go immedi¬ 
 ately from Halifax, where transports are now ready to take them in for the 
 West Indies. It is supposed the war will be the most serious one the nation 
 was ever engaged in. It is supposed that there are many affected with 
 the French Politics both in England and Ireland. Governor Wentworth 
 has published that he is ready to grant letters of marque to any body that 
 will take them against the common enemy. I have not time to say one 
 word more. Sat Verb. Sap. let me hear from you as soon as possible how 
 all these things are to be. Adieu. 
 
 Ever sincerely yours, 
 
 - W. C. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 [April, 1793.] 
 
 My dear fellow,—It is known before this line to you that your intelli¬ 
 gence with respect to Coffin was a mistake & that Barclay is the man ap- 
 
 * Colon el John Coffin, however, did not receive a commission in the regi¬ 
 ment, the position of colonel was assigned to Lieut. Gov. Carleton with the 
 rank of brigadier general, and Beverley Robinson was gazetted lieut. colonel of 
 the New Brunswick regiment, while Lieut. Colonel Samuel V. Bayard was given 
 a like position in the Nova Scotia regiment. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS'. 
 
 [1793s 
 
 pointed to the New Brunswick Regiment. An Exchange will he attempted,. 
 & Robinson will command the regiment here, hut at present he can assume; 
 no authority. This circumstance has deranged me, & I’m afraid (altho’' 
 Robinson speaks with the utmost affection for you on all occasions) that 
 there is a natural affection which will bias him with respect to the Pay¬ 
 master’s appointment; in short I apprehend that his Brother will be the 
 man. 
 
 I shall however see Murray—as he will be the ostensible commanding- 
 officer [pending the transfer], I mean that he should propose you to the 
 General in his first interview. There is one chance—Robinson will owe 
 the exchange (if ’tis effected) to the General’s interference—Morris Robin¬ 
 son is to be a Captain & I suspect the General may not incline to let ’em 
 monopolise. * * * 
 
 Previous to the receipt of your letter I mentioned Paddock to the 
 General. He said that he had very recently been instrumental in obtain¬ 
 ing an appointment for him—that he felt himself pledged in some degree 
 for his performance of the duties of it—(that he considered it as a perman¬ 
 ent situation & peculiarly advantageous to Paddock because it enabled him 
 to remain at St. John—that it was directly incompatible with an appoint¬ 
 ment in this regiment, which must render his personal residence uncertain, 
 besides (he added) “I am obliged to take the several officers from the half 
 pay list and Doctor Paddock is not at present on that List.” From these 
 circumstances I conclude that Paddock will not get it. * * * 
 
 Ever yours 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [Abstract.] 
 
 Governor Wentworth writes to Col. Winslow in April, 1793. He asks 
 whether Governor Carleton confines himself to six companies in his Reg’t, 
 and whether of these six the field officers have each a company. He has 
 himself been advised to give five Captain’s and one Capt. Lieut’s commis¬ 
 sion. The Lieut. Col’s & Major’s companies to be commanded by a Lieu¬ 
 tenant. If there should be only six companies of 100 men each they will 
 require 2 Lieutenants and an Ensign each. 
 
 He complains that the Brig. Gen’l in Nova Scotia declines to supply 
 from the Barrack stores and he is obliged in consequence to purchase, “at 
 “ an enormous war price, v T hile the same things are perishing in the stores 
 “bought at low peace price. What name has your Regiment and what 
 “Regimentals? This is called the Kings Nova Scotia Regiment—red, 
 “ faced with blue, and gold lace.” 
 
B.7933 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 403 
 
 'George Leonard to Edward "Winslow. 
 
 Sussex Yale, 20 May, 1793. 
 
 My dear Friend,—Nothing could have given us more pleasure than the 
 arriving of your son here yesterday with Mr. Hazen. My fears were that 
 your delicacy would have prevented the satisfaction that Mrs. Leonard and 
 myself promised ourselves in the care of that little fellow; be assured my 
 dear Winslow, that we do not anticipate nor form one idea of any trouble 
 he will or can give us, as such will be the rules and discipline he will natur¬ 
 ally fall into with our children, and which I think will not be unpleasant 
 to him, that we shall not have him on our minds only as a pleasing object 
 belonging to our friend, improving in his education* under the steady 
 attention of Mr. Arnold and Morton, t Mrs. Leonard has examined his 
 little kit and finds it well stored with every thing necessary. He will be 
 provided with a box for his clothes and the charge of it given to him, as 
 we do with our children, and with the same instructions that everything in 
 it is to be in good order when wanted for use. Mr. Tom has amused him¬ 
 self today with Edward f in seeing the sheep washed, neither of whom could 
 remain spectators long without sharing in the pleasure of being in the 
 < water and by dipping and plunging the poor lambs in. Tomorrow he will 
 enter the school and begin his acquaintance with the little lads and lasses 
 of the Yale. Among other strange things shewn him by the children was 
 the mill; he stood some time and examined it, and then wisely asked where 
 the water was that was to give it motion; this of course produced a rude 
 laugh among the little rogues, but they soon informed him that the wind 
 answered that purpose. He begins to think he is among a strange and 
 whimsical set of people as he has since been shewn another mill for thresh¬ 
 ing of grain by a horse. This is a work that will call forth the attention 
 of the House Of Assembly at their next meeting to reward the Inventor of 
 
 *An academy was established at this time by the Reverend Oliver Arnold 
 at Sussex Yale. A prospectus was issued and printed in the newspapers under 
 date of March 16, 1793. It states:—“The accommodations will be in readiness 
 “ on the 1st of May next for the reception of any young gentleman who may be 
 “ gent to the said school, where he will be taught reading and writing, English 
 “ grammar, mathematics and natural philosophy, surveying, navigation and 
 “ geography; also the Latin and Greek languages.” The prospectus states fur¬ 
 ther that “good accommodations will be provided in decent houses,” and that 
 “ the whole expense for the English scholars, including boarding, lodging, 
 « washing and tuition will amount only to £18 currency per annum.” 
 
 Edward Winslow sent his son Tom there to be educated. 
 
 fElkanah Morton came to New Brunswick from Cornwallis, N. S. He 
 taught the white children at Sussex as S. P. G. school master and was also 
 preceptor of the Indian academy. He left Sussex and went to Digby, N. S., 
 where he was judge of probate and held other offices. See his letter under date 
 January 27, 1807. He was quite lame, having had a leg shot off at “General 
 Muster.” He died at Digby in 1848, aged 87 years. He was grandfather of 
 Finnemore E. Morton, M. P. P., of Sussex, N. B. 
 
 JEdward Leonard, son of Hon. Gedrge Leonard. 
 
404 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 F1798 
 
 it, a Mr. Moore,* at Maugerville, who presented it to the House the last, 
 winter for a reward for the model; their brains at that time having been 
 filled with matters of much less consequence neglected the poor man, and 
 in his despondency I gave him a guinea for it and told him that I would 
 try the experiment if the cost did not succeed £30 and brought it off. To 
 give it a fair chance I have set to work on it one of the best millwrights in 
 America, a Mr. Eobinson from Halifax, the person who built the famous 
 mills at Dartmouth near that place, who has nearly completed it without 
 the smallest doubt of its answering the full purpose for which it was in¬ 
 tended by the ingenious Inventor. When we have the pleasure of the visit 
 we promise ourselves from you, I flatter myself you will make such a report 
 of it, that all your enterprising dashing farmers near you will have them 
 erected immediately. 
 
 Such is the spirit and resentment of all the powers of Europe against 
 the French, that nothing but a miracle can prevent the war ending soon, 
 therefore my fears are that you and our 'friends will not have time to have 
 that provision made that you are entitled to. You will rejoice with me 
 when I inform you that my son is promoted to the rank of a Lieutenant and 
 to the command of an armed cutter in the Channel of England, given by 
 his patron Admiral McBride to give him an opportunity to distinguish 
 himself, and sent on a special service for that purpose. 
 
 With Mrs. Leonard’s best esteem and affection to Mrs. Winslow and 
 family, 
 
 I am, 
 
 Yours truly and devotedly, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Governor Wentworth. 
 
 Kingselear, 4th August, 1793. 
 
 I avail myself of the first moments leisure after my return to my own 
 habitation to acknowledge the rec’t of your Excellency’s favor of the 22nd 
 ulto., which was handed me at Digby by Capt. Bowater. * * * 
 
 How a rupture with the Americans will operate upon these provinces 
 is not easy to conjecture. Accustomed to look upon the bright side of 
 
 * James Moore here referred to was great grandfather of the writer of this 
 note. He was a Loyalist from Newton, Long Island, a suburb of Brooklyn. 
 He married a widowed daughter of Captain Samuel Hallett, and their eldest 
 daughter, Maria Moore, married Samuel Carman of Lower St. Marys, York 
 county. An old mahogany desk which James Moore brought from Long Island 
 at the close of the Revolution is now in the writer’s possession. It contains 
 many historical papers collected in the last ten years. The journals of the 
 house of assembly under date Feb. 26, 1793, record that “Major Murray by leave 
 “ presented a petition from James Moore stating that he had invented a machine 
 “ for threshing grain and praying some compensation might be awarded him 
 “ for the same, which was read and ordered to be referred to the committee of 
 “ supply.” 
 
1793] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 406 
 
 every thing that has a bright side to it, I cannot join those who think we 
 are to be immediately ousted from our possessions and kicked to the Devil 
 head over heels, altho’ I think our situation is in some degree critical. It 
 behooves those who steer to keep a sharp look out—your Excellency’s 
 Barque is among the foremost. 
 
 From the complexion of the letters which I have lately seen from 
 England I suspect our Government has too much confidence in the explicit 
 declaration which has been made by the President of the States. It seems 
 to be the opinion in England that the Faith of America is pledged not to 
 violate the rules of neutrality, and that their Government is so efficient as 
 to enable them to carry their decrees into execution, but in this I fear they 
 reckon without their host. 
 
 Nothing of consequence happened here during my absence. The 
 regiment goes on moderately. I have mustered but very few recruits since 
 I returned. A Subaltern’s party has been sent to each of the Upper-posts. 
 The old and infirm have been selected for this purpose; the venerable Lt. 
 Jenkins* commander at Presque-Isle and Lt. Chewt a crippled officer who 
 was very badly wounded at the southward, commands at the Great Falls. 
 The remainder of the Kegiment are at this place (Fred’n), St. John and 
 Passamaquoddy. The warrant for the subsistence to June is not yet com¬ 
 pleted owing to the difficulty of obtaining the stoppage certificates from 
 the several Commissaries who have issued provisions to the Detachments. 
 * * * * Our Contingent expenses have already, from build¬ 
 
 ing barracks, establishing forts, &e., amounted to a sum so large that it 
 ought not to be increased. * * * I see no material incon¬ 
 
 venience that can result to you from the want of a muster at present altho’ 
 with all due deference to General Ogilvie’s sagacity, I think it would be 
 more regular to muster and inspect the recruits as they join. This in 
 former times had a good effect, because it prevented non-effective men 
 from being entertained or subsisted for a time, and a great expence was 
 thereby saved to Government. * * * 
 
 Honourable James Eraser to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miramichi, 23d August, 1793. 
 
 Sir,—I have to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the 10th current 
 by Mr. Oliver,! and in answer to inform you that there are several small 
 
 *See biographical note under date January 6th, 1784. 
 
 fSee biographical note under date August 23, 1784. 
 
 J William Sandford Oliver, Jr., sheriff of the county of Northumberland. 
 This may, however, have been the elder Wm. S. Oliver who was dismissed from 
 office as sheriff of the county of St. John in 1791, and some years later re-ap- 
 poipted. He was sheriff and province treasurer at his decease in 1813. A copy 
 of a scarce pamphlet giving Mr. Oliver’s own account of the story of his dis¬ 
 missal from office is to be found in the reference department of the Toronto 
 public library. 
 
406 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1793 
 
 vessels which run occasionally between here and Halifax, by either of them 
 your friend may have a passage to Arichat, or (as it is called on most of the 
 new charts) Conway Harbour, from whence he can easily get by land or 
 water to Sydney or any other part of Cape Breton. The passage money 
 to Arichat by any vessel hound that way is generally four dollars, hut if a 
 vessel is chartered for the purpose they will he asking £10 for Sydney, or 
 Arichat, for they are about the same distance from here. If Captain 
 Rainsford* is here by the time you mention, the 10th of September, I can 
 almost insure him a passage in a small schooner of ours hound to Halifax. 
 
 Every civility in my power will he shewn to Mr. Oliver. I should 
 think that the emoluments of the several offices to which he is appointed 
 would enable him to live comfortable. The hearer Malcolm White returns 
 without delay, and should your friend resolve to take this route it will he 
 a good opportunity for him to get so far, and such as we have Captain 
 Rainsford, or any other of your friends coming this way, will be welcome 
 to a share of until an opportunity offers for him to get along. 
 
 With much respect I am Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient serv’t, 
 
 James Fraser. 
 
 Return of His Majesty’s Hew Brunswick Regiment, Commanded by His 
 Excellency Brig. General Carleton, Commencing 
 25th August, 1793. 
 
 Effective strength of the Regiment 24 August, 1793. 
 
 Sergts 13—Corpls. 13. Drums 8. Private 161. Total.195 
 
 Add recruits enlisted June 25 to Aug. 24, 1793. 76 
 
 271 
 
 ♦Captain Andrew Rainsford was receiver general of the province and bar¬ 
 rack master at Fredericton. He died in 1820 at the age of 86 years. In a letter 
 to General Rainsford, dated at St. Ann’s, Oct. 10, 1786, Andrew Rainsford states 
 that he came up the river to look for a place of settlement; had bought a small 
 farm, and until he could build was allowed to lodge in the barracks. Andrew 
 Rainsford’s son, Captain Charles Rainsford, is famed for his mid-winter march 
 on snowshoes in a blinding snow storm from the lower end of Lake Temisquata 
 to the St. Lawrence, a distance of fifty miles, returning the next day with a 
 crew of men and provisions for his famishing comrades. Andrew Rainsford’s 
 yoUngest daughter, Jane Caroline, married in 1823 J. F. W. Winslow, a son of 
 Judge Winslow, and first sheriff of the county of Carleton. 
 
1793] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 407 
 
 State of the Regiment to 24th Oct. 1793. 
 
 Companies. Sergts. Corporals. Drummers. Privates. Total. 
 
 Colonel Thomas Carleton’s., 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 38 
 
 Lt. Col. Bev. Robinson. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 41 
 
 Major Daniel Murray’s. 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 46 
 
 55 
 
 Capt. Joseph Lee’s*. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 Capt. Gerhardus Clowes t... 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 Capt. James French’s}. 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 42 
 
 Total. 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 227 
 
 271 
 
 N. B. This Return altered 
 
 previous to paying the subsistence, 
 
 the 
 
 Colonel’s company being transferred to Capt. Peter Clinch. Total strength 
 exactly as above. 
 
 Sign’d Wm. Hazen, Pay Master, N. B. Reg’t. 
 
 [The rates of pay were as follows: Lt. Col. 17s., Major 15s., Captain 
 10s., Lieutenant 4s. 8d., Ensign 3s. 8d., Chaplain 6s. 8d., Adjutant 4s., 
 Quarter Master 4s. 8d., Surgeon 4s., Mate 3s. 6d., 2 Sergeants at Is. 6d., 
 1 Sergeants at Is., Corporals 8d., Drummers 8d., Privates 6d., Contingent 
 man 6d., Paymaster’s allowance at £120. pr. annum, Surgeon’s allowance 
 at £120 pr. annum.] 
 
 *Joseph Lee of New Jersey was a zealous loyalist. He was confined in jail 
 at Trenton, July 1776, for disaffection to the whigs and fined £100. He was 
 gazetted captain in the 6th battalion of the New Jersey Volunteers December 
 15, 1776. At the peace in 1783 he came to St. John in command of the second 
 New Jersey Volunteers. He served with much gallantry in the campaigns in 
 Georgia and the Carolina s. He settled at Kingsclear, where he was a magis¬ 
 trate and prominent person. Some further information respecting him will be 
 found in the New Brunswick Historical Society’s Collections, vol. 1, p. 45. 
 
 fGerhardus Clowes of Hampstead, Long Island, was gazetted a lieutenant 
 at the organization of DeLancey’s 3d battalion and rose to the rank of captain. 
 He came to this province at the close of the war in 1783 and settled at Oro- 
 mocto, where his descendants still reside. He was a man of good education, 
 descended from an old Derbyshire family. He was killed by a fall from his 
 horse in 1798. 
 
 X James French was captain in the 1st battalion of Gen. DeLancey’s brigade. 
 He served with distinction in the campaigns in Georgia and the Carolinas; 
 settled in York county and died at his house on the Nashwaak, August 18, 1820, 
 in his 75th year. In an obituary we read:—“His benevolence endeared him to 
 “ all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance, and it might be questioned 
 “ whether his friends or the poor most effectually felt the good effect of his 
 “ open hand and his liberal heart. At his house the wearied traveller, the old 
 “ friend, and the friend of yesterday found the best table, the best bed and the 
 “ heartiest welcome.” As a magistrate he discharged his duties with cheerful¬ 
 ness; as a practical farmer and a good neighbor he was excelled by few. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1794 
 
 Captain Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, Jany. 2, 1794. 
 
 My dear Friend ;— I beg yon will give the inclosed to Hedden* or 
 Clopper I. 
 
 I still continue the same intentions as mentioned in my last letters 
 of coming ont in the March packet, or in some man of war, if one should 
 sail before that time. 
 
 I came out with the hopes of enjoying the Company, or any other 
 appointment that the General may have intended for me, & am only 
 sorry that it was not in my power to have been there before, but I hope I 
 shall not be too late. 
 
 The Ship Eashleigh, which sailed the 14th of Oct. from Portsmouth, 
 returned to Falmouth the 14th of Dec’r after having experienced repeated 
 gales of wind and bad weather, and lost her sails &c. She is now repair¬ 
 ing there, & will sail again when ready. 
 
 Mr. Watson returned three days ago from the army in Flanders, but 
 I have not been able to see him yet. 
 
 Colo. Small is appointed Lt. Gov’r & Commander in Chief at Guern¬ 
 sey, and went for thence a few days since, with whom I might have had 
 an appointment, but I have from the beginning determined against every¬ 
 thing that should detach me from New Brunswick. 
 
 I go in a few days to Ghent upon some business which will take me 
 about ten days, after which I shall count every moment till I leave this 
 country for New Bruns’k. * * * 
 
 I hope you will see me with the March dispatches, & that we shall 
 long enjoy together the happiness of New Bruns’k air, and its other com¬ 
 forts which this country wants. 
 
 Adieu & God bless you, 
 
 D. L. 
 
 ♦Isaac Hedden was gazetted lieutenant and adjutant of the 5th battalion 
 New Jersey Volunteers. March 1. 1777. In 1780 he was doing service with the 
 light infantry company of his corps. He was clerk of the house of assembly 
 and filled other important positions. Records are extant in the government 
 offices written in his beautifully clear and elegant hand. He was for some 
 years clerk of the peace for York county. He died in February, 1802, in his 43d 
 year. 
 
 fGarret Clopper, born in New York in 1756. In September, 1780, he was 
 quarter-master in the New York Volunteers. He was commissioned ensign May 
 1, 1781, and promoted lieutenant subsequently. At the peace in 1783 he came to 
 Fredericton, where he married Jan. 27, 1791, Penelope Miller, daughter of Colonel 
 Stephen Miller. Garret Clopper was thus a connection of the Winslow family 
 by his wife, who was Edward Winslow’s cousin. He was for many years 
 registrar of deeds and wills for the county of York. He died July 26, 1823, at 
 the age of 67 years. See for further particulars his memorial under date April 
 13th, 1808, in this book. 
 
1794] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 409 
 
 Mather Byles Jr. to Sarah Winslow. 
 
 Grenada, 15th February, 1794. 
 
 My dear Sally,—I employed myself before dinner in writing a very 
 •serious solemn sort of a letter to Penelope, but as no Gentleman has any 
 business to be serious or solemn at nineteen minutes and a half before 
 nine in the evening, I flatter myself I am at liberty to write you anything 
 which comes uppermost. * * 
 
 I should have wondered, no doubt, at your early frost, but should have 
 examined the date thro’ a candle to see that Pen had not altered it, for 
 jou know how mischievous she is and with Capt. Sproul for her assistant 
 there is no telling what might have happened. 
 
 I don’t pretend to answer your letters by this opportunity, because 
 there will be another next month by Mr. Taylor for Halifax and a single 
 vessel runs great risque of privateers—and I have already told Penelope 
 that I am well and happy. 
 
 I hear with heartfelt pleasure that you enjoy good health and still 
 more that you possess that cheerfulness of mind which makes health a 
 blessing. I may one day test by observation how far you speak accurately 
 of yourselves in this respect. Chipman has proposed when I come to give 
 me up his house and remove to the Mill but in order to give him leisure 
 to transport himself to his new habitation, I have been proposing that he 
 should get me some snug box to pop my head into in the interim and 
 that he should place my room under your particular charge that it may 
 be well aired when I arrive. You know my dear Sally if I was to catch 
 cold on my arrival it must necessarily retard my being married — an event 
 which you seem positively to have decided upon. 
 
 Mr. Coffin sends his love to you and I send mine. Every good wish 
 too to the Colonel and the family at Kingsclear. Good night — this is a 
 late hour for me who seldom hear the clock strike nine. 
 
 Most affectionately yours 
 
 - M. Byles. 
 
 Gregory Townsend to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, March 8, 1794. 
 
 * * I most heartily congratulate you on your family’s recovery from 
 
 the terrible disorder with which you have been so severely visited*. You 
 have been kept alive through astonishing fatigue, hope you will long enjoy 
 a proportionate share of health within your walls. Ere this you are freed 
 from Quarantine and let out again. * * * Your friends all sym¬ 
 
 pathize in your sufferings and rejoice in the pleasing prospect of health 
 returning to your habitation. * * * 
 
 ♦The emallpox. 
 
410 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1791 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, N. B., May 13th, 1794. 
 
 * * * * * He * 
 
 But to another subject. Being at length satisfied that our worthy un¬ 
 fortunate friend Marston was really dead, I the other day opened his chest. 
 The uppermost thing was a tin-case enclosing some papers all of which 
 I now send you. I opened the cover containing his Will in the presence 
 of Mr. Hazen and Coffin. By it you will find you are his sole executor. 
 Poor fellow, his fate was hard* and he must have been most vexatiously 
 disappointed at the amount of his compensation f. There are besides his 
 private books and papers, a few articles of trifling value and his surveying 
 instruments, all of which are subject to your disposal. In respect to the 
 debt to me for cash, which I have loaned him since coming to this coun¬ 
 try, he some time ago wrote requesting I would proceed against him as 
 an absconding debtor and sell his property at Miramichi to pay myself. 
 I took no steps but writing to Delesdemier for an account of the property 
 in his hands, but never received an answer. I don’t suppose it is worth 
 while going there to look after it, as I understand Delesdemier is but a 
 slippery chap. There are some creditors I believe at Halifax from a letter 
 to Mr. Robie, which you will see in the last hooks of his journal, dated 
 July, 1787, just before he left this. I. don’t know of any here, hut 
 myself, except McCall and Codner. You will determine however what is 
 best to be done, if anything. As to myself I have long time ceased to 
 expect anything, unless the good fellow had met with that good fortune 
 which he had so richly merited. 
 
 Lieutenant Adam Allant to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Presque Isle, 1st July, 1794. 
 
 Sir;—Inclosed is the Monthly Return of the Garrison at this place. 
 It is perhaps expected that I should report any occurrence of a public 
 nature that may happen in the vicinity of my post; I have to acquaint you, 
 for His Excellency’s information, that several people under the direction 
 of a Surveyor from the States, did some days ago plant a stake on Meductic 
 
 *Benjamin Marston, after he went to England in 1787, had a hard struggle 
 for existence, and in 1792 cast in his fortunes with a company organized to effect 
 a settlement on the Island of Bulama, twenty miles from Sierra Leone. He 
 accompanied the expedition in the capacity of surveyor. Shortly after their 
 arrival the deadly African fever seized them, and of their company of 275 per¬ 
 sons only a few survived and these abandoned the enterprise and returned 
 home. Among those who died was Marston, on 10th August, 1792. 
 
 fThe compensation amounted only to £105. 
 
 {Lieutenant Adam Allan served with honor in the Queen’s Rangers. He 
 was a Scotchman by birth and quite a number of interesting particulars re¬ 
 lating to him will be found in the N. B. Hist. Soc. Collections at pp. 36, 37. Lieut. 
 Allan was the progenitor of many of those of his name in York county. He 
 lived at the mouth of the Pokiok, where he died in 1823. 
 
1.794J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 411 
 
 Point* as a boundary between those States and his Majesty’s Dominions 
 in America. This transaction, however trivial in itself, and little as it 
 deserves to be noticed, has nevertheless alarmed the settlers and increased 
 their fears to that degree that several who are settled threatened to quit 
 their improvements, and many who had intended moving up this way have 
 in consequence declined coming. I shall direct the stake to be taken up, 
 as I think it is showing too much sanction to the act to suffer it to remain. 
 
 I have the honor to be, Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t & very hum. serv’t, 
 
 A. Allan. Lieut. Kings N. B. Reg’t. 
 
 Sheriff W. S. Oliver! to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miramichi, 12th July, 1794. 
 
 Dear Sir ;—This comes to you by an Indian who is charged with a 
 memorial from the Indians in these parts to the Governor setting forth 
 their distressed situation and asking relief. As it appears to me very pro¬ 
 bable that in consequence of their situation being made known that 
 something will be done for them by the Society for Propagating the Gospel! 
 among the Indians, and that some person here will be appointed to manage 
 that business in this place, I request your interest in the matter. The 
 
 *The surveyor here referred to was Samuel G. Titcomb. He acted under 
 instructions of the government of Massachusetts to survey a due north line 
 from the source of the St. Croix. He decided upon Skiff Lake, near Canterbury 
 Station, as the source of the river, and ran a line thence due north which came 
 out upon the St. John river just below the old Meductic fort. He coolly an¬ 
 nounced to the inhabitants that this was the boundary line. The Royal Gazette 
 publishes an extract of a letter, dated at Fredericton, June 19, 1794:—“The 
 “ Americans have been running their lines. A surveyor and four men have 
 “ made their appearance about fifty miles above this place. Have planted a 
 “ large post on the bank of the river and have proceeded on with their sur- 
 “ vey.” 
 
 fProbably William Sandford Oliver, Jr., of Boston. His grandfather, 
 Andrew Oliver, was at one time lieut. governor of Massachusetts. William S. 
 Oliver, Sr., was sheriff of the county of St. John in 1784. He was dismissed in 
 1791 mainly on account of having made objections to the free inspection of the 
 county jail by the grand jury. He published a pamphlet in defence of his con¬ 
 duct, a copy of which is in the Toronto public library. The younger W. S. 
 Oliver was a grantee of Parr Town. He left the province about 1806. There is 
 a possibility that Sheriff Oliver of Northumberland may have been the ex¬ 
 sheriff of St. John. See note under date. 23d August, 1793. 
 
 JThis society is commonly spoken of as the “New England Company.” Its 
 operations were transferred to New Brunswick after the close of the Revolu¬ 
 tion. The company on June 14, 1786, appointed as its commissioners in New 
 Brunswick Lieut. Governor Thomas Carleton, Chief Justice Ludlow, Hons. Isaac- 
 Alien, Jonathan Odell, George Leonard, Ward Chipman, Jonathan Bliss, 
 William Paine and John Coffin. The original commission on parchment with 
 the imposing red seal is now in the possession of the writer of these notes. 
 When Dr. William Paine left the province Edward Winslow was chosen as his 
 successor on the board. Further information concerning the company and its 
 work in New Brunswick will be found in Edward Winslow’s correspondence. 
 See under “Notes on New Brunswick History,” by Ed. Winslow in the year 1804. 
 
412 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS- 
 
 [1794 
 
 appointment may be of some service to me by employing my leisure hours 
 and perhaps some small allowance may be made therefor. Mr. Fraser* 
 the Presbyterian minister,* held such an appointment with a handsome- 
 allowance, and since he has left this place, no one has had it. 
 
 I sincerely thank you for your friendship which has appeared on many 
 occasions. My appointments here fall very short of my expectations. The- 
 Custom House business is not worth this year more than one third what 
 it was known to be and very little business is done here at present. We 
 are in hopes the war will soon be at an end and that a peace may be the 
 means of restoring us to a more flourishing situation than ever. 
 
 Believe me to be with the greatest truth and sincerity 
 Your most devoted friend, etc. 
 
 W. S. Oliver. 
 
 Kings Hew Brunswick Regiment. 
 
 Commanded by His Excellency, Major General Carleton. 1 
 
 July 29, 1794. 
 
 Karnes of Officers. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Beverley Robinson 
 Major Daniel Murray 
 Chaplain Rev. John Beardsley 
 Adjutant Joseph Allen 
 Quarter Master Garrett Clopper 
 Surgeon Charles Earle, 2 M. D. 
 Surgeon’s Mate Thos. Emerson, 3 M. D. 
 Pay Master William Hazen 
 Captain Joseph Lee 
 “ James French 
 “ Gerhardus Clowes 
 “ Peter Clinch 4 
 Lieutenant Dugald Campbell 
 John Jenkins 
 
 Lieutenant William Chew. 
 
 “ Anthony Allaire 5 
 “ William Turner 
 “ Adam Allan 
 
 John Simonson 6 
 “ Garret Clopper 
 
 James Eccles 7 
 JohnNess 8 
 Arthur Nicholson 
 Xenophon Jouett 8 ’ 
 Caleb Fowler 
 Malcolm Wilmot 10, 
 Ensign Robert Hazen 
 “ John M. Hpham 
 “ William Bradley 
 
 “ Henry Goldsmith 
 
 Total Officers 30, Color Serjeants 2, Serjeants 21, Corporals 21, Drum¬ 
 mers 14, Privates 341; Total of all ranks 450. 
 
 Rates of pay: Captain 10 shillings. Lieutenant 4s. 8d., Ensign 3s. 8d., 
 Chaplain 6s. 8d., Adjutant 4s., Quarter master 4s. 8d., Surgeon 4s., Sur¬ 
 geon Mate 3s. 6d., Color Serjeant Is. 6d., Serjeant Is., Corporal 8d., 
 Drummer 8d., Private 8d. 
 
 N. B. Dollars at 4 shillings and 8 pence sterling. 
 
 *Rev. James Fraser is referred to. 
 1791. 
 
 See biographical note under date July 29, 
 
1794] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 413 
 
 i Lieut. Gov. Thomas Carleton had now attained the rank of major general. 
 Many of these who received commissions in the King’s N. B. Regiment have 
 already been referred to in these notes. Short sketches of the officers of the 
 regiment will also be found in Jonas Howe’s article on the King’s N. B. Regi¬ 
 ment in the collections of the N. B. Historical Society, p. 13, et supera. In the 
 list of officers on the opposite page only those not already mentioned are referred 
 to in these notes. 
 
 -Charles Earle, M. D., in the Revolution was a surgeon in the 2nd battalion 
 of the New Jersey Volunteers, commanded by Lieut. Col. John Morris. He was 
 a resident of Fredericton from the time of his arrival in 1783, and his house was 
 the first built by the Loyalists. He lived at the lower end of the town, near 
 Mill Creek, and in early days the limits of Fredericton were commonly said to 
 be “from Dr. Earle’s to Phillis Creek.” Dr. Earle was surgeon in the King’s 
 New Brunswick Regiment and afterwards held a similar position in the N. B. 
 Fencible regiment. 
 
 a Thomas Emerson, M. D., was assistant surgeon, or surgeon’s mate, in the 
 Royal Fencible American Regiment during the Revolution. He filled the like 
 position in the King’s N. B. Regiment, and later in the war of 1812, was ap¬ 
 pointed surgeon’s mate in the 104th regiment. He practised for a time at St. 
 John but more extensively in Fredericton. See references to Dr. Emerson in 
 the late Lieut. Col. W. T. Baird’s “Seventy Years of New Brunswick Life,” 
 p. 30. 
 
 Peter Clinch was gazetted lieutenant and adjutant of the Royal Fencible 
 Americans May 15, 1776, and at the close of the war a captain. He was a native 
 of Ireland and belonged to a good family; he was also a good fighter. At the 
 peace in 1783 he settled at St. George in Charlotte Co., and may be considered 
 as the pioneer of that place. For many years he represented Charlotte county 
 in the house of assembly. His services in the King’s American Regiment on the 
 western frontier of the province were important. He died in February, 1816, 
 aged 63 years. 
 
 5 Anthony Allaire was born in Westchester county. New York. He was 
 gazetted a lieutenant in the Loyal American Regiment in 1776. He married in 
 1794, Mary, eldest daughter of James Simonds of Portland Point. His daughter 
 married Lieut. John Robinson of the 10th regiment of foot, who was the grand¬ 
 father of T. Barclay Robinson of St. John and J. DeLancey Robinson of Doug¬ 
 las, York county. Anthony Allaire is 1801 succeeded Joseph Lee as captain in 
 the King’s N. B. Regiment. He died in Douglas, York Co., in 1839, aged 84 years. 
 During the war he kept a diary, and his account of the battle of King’s Moun¬ 
 tain has been reprinted in Dr. Lyman Draper’s well known work. 
 
 oJohn Simonson was born on Staten Island, N. Y., and served through the 
 war in the 4th battalion, New Jersey Volunteers, as a lieutenant. After coming 
 to New Brunswick he was for several years S. P. G. schoolmaster at Mauger- 
 ville, under Rev. J. Beardsley’s supervision. From 1793 to 1800 he was a lieu¬ 
 tenant in the King’s N. B. Regiment. He died at Maugerville in 1816 and his 
 family afterwards removed to Jacksonville, Carleton Co., N. B. 
 
 7 James Eccles was in Sept., 1781, an ensign in the Prince of Wales American 
 regiment. He was promoted lieutenant April 18, 1783. He seems to have been 
 an efficient officer of the King’s New Brunswick Regiment, and was selected to 
 command a detachment of picked men that in 1799 were sent to Halifax to be 
 drilled under the eagle eye of H. R. H. the Duke of Kent. They were after¬ 
 wards to endeavor to bring the rest of the corps up to the same standard of 
 efficiency in drill and discipline. Lieut. Eccles is buried in the old grave yard 
 in Fredericton. He died in 1839 at the age of 83 years. 
 
 8’John Ness served as lieutenant and adjutant in the Prince of Wales 
 American regiment. He was a Yorkshire man by birth and a good soldier. He 
 was an alderman of St. John in its early days. He died Dec. 27, 1799, and was 
 buried by the regiment with military honors. 
 
 9 Xenophon Jouett during the Revolution was an ensign in the New Jersey 
 Volunteers. He was one of the first settlers at Fredericton. In 1789 he was 
 sheriff of York county and continued 20 years in office. For nearly 50 years 
 he was gentleman usher of the black rod in the house of assembly. He was 
 succeeded in this office by his son. 
 
 i o Lieutenant Malcolm Wilmot was born in 1771 in Rhode Island. He was for 
 many years a member of the house of assembly for the county of Westmorland. 
 
414 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1794-5 
 
 Jonathan Odell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 8th September, 1794. 
 
 Dear Sir ;—By some accident the paper on which I had noted the 
 degrees of cold, of which yonr friend inquires, is mislaid and I fear lost. 
 I have hunted for it in vain; but you may assure your friend, Mr. Town¬ 
 send, that I did see the mercury so low as 32 Degrees of Reaumur below 
 freezing point, which is equal to 40 degrees below 0, or 72 degrees below 
 freezing on Farenheit’s scale. I was not satisfied without returning several 
 times to convince myself that I was not mistaken, and I perfectly recollect 
 that it was but a very little after sunrise that I observed the mercury be¬ 
 ginning to rise in the tube. That the mercury had not been congealed 
 I cannot assert but I do not think it had. This however is the degree at 
 which it is said to free in Russia. This was the only time that I ever 
 observed the mercury lower than 26 degrees of Reaumur, equal to 26 1-2 
 degrees of Farenheit. The highest I have ever seen it in this country, 
 and that once only, 28th June 1789, was 97 degrees of Farenheit, but I 
 have repeatedly seen it up to 94 degrees. The extremely cold morning 
 above mentioned was most perfectly clear, serene, and calm, and in a very 
 few hours the cold abated and the day was one of the finest I have ever 
 seen. 
 
 I am sincerely yours, 
 
 Jona. Odell. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chjpman. 
 
 6th Dec’r, 1794. 
 
 If our old Watch is repaired pray send it. We have neither Clock nor 
 Dial, and if the Sun does not shine we’ve such a variety of opinions about 
 the time of day that we’re obliged to keep constantly eating and drinking 
 for fear of mistakes. 
 
 We are stirring about thank you—my wife is as well as can be expected 
 thank you—a Daughter, thank you. It is of course a very beautiful child, 
 but it is without a name. Will you and your wife give it one—her own 
 will give us the most pleasure—but settle it between yourselves & when 
 you come up it shall be christened. 
 
 I presume Hailes has communicated the order relative to the reduc¬ 
 tion of the Hew Brunswick Regiment. I think this order completes the 
 military history of New Brunswick, and I think an obedience to it without 
 remonstrance or without a single exertion to prevent the effects is a finish¬ 
 ing stroke to a - character*. Had such an order gone to the other 
 
 province—the little Gentleman would have thrown his commission to the 
 
 *Winslow evidently deemed Lieut. Governor Carleton to be lacking in en¬ 
 terprise and decision. The “little gentleman” with whom he is contrasted is, 
 of course, the lieut. governor of Nova Scotia, Sir John Wentworth. 
 
1795] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 415 
 
 winds and returned back to a private station with embarrassment and 
 poverty for his companions before he would have submitted to it. * * * 
 
 Affectionately yours. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Captain D. Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, May 11, 1795. 
 
 My dear Colo.—* * I like 1ST. B’k, that is the County of York, and 
 
 I am disgusted with Halifax, and nothing makes my situation tolerable 
 here but the conceiving myself as having been neglected in the arrangements 
 there. * * I am extremely rejoiced to hear that Glenie* & Agnew have 
 
 quarrelled; the saying will be well verified there, When Rogues fall out 
 &c. I shall watch with great eagerness for the publications in the St. 
 John papers and hope to see those disturbers of the peace of society well 
 lashed. 
 
 I have painted the conduct, speeches and probable views of G1- 
 
 and his friends in the strongest point of light to the Govh* and Princet 
 
 His R. H. expressed a pity that a man of Mr. G-abilities should be 
 
 so prone to disturbing Government, so I see that his friend Stratton had 
 taken care to make the favourable impressions of commisseration on the 
 mind of the Prince. 
 
 It gives me great pleasure to learn of the mark of attention in Gov¬ 
 ernment to our Province of N. B. in the money voted, as well as the 
 settlement of the boundary line so favorably to us. It is exactly part of 
 the plan I pointed out in the written communication I made to Ld. 
 Hawkesbury & the Secretary of State, that when we made a treaty of com¬ 
 merce or gave up the western posts, all which the Americans were very 
 anxious to accomplish, then to have the above said line fixed to our wishes. 
 
 It does not seem to be clear yet, from what the Prince mentioned to 
 me yesterday, that it is determined whether he stays here or not. He 
 said “if I should remain here and have the command,” why then he would 
 have the posts go so & so—that he would endeavour to have them go 
 quicker, & proposed to alter their route in this Province. The officers of 
 his reg’t say that the Prince wishes to go home, but that the king will not 
 allow it. * * * 
 
 Yours D. Lyman. 
 
 *See biographical note on James Glenie under date 25th October, 1785. 
 fPrince Edward, the Duke of Kent, arrived at Halifax May 10th the pre¬ 
 vious year. 
 
416 WINSLOW PAPERS [1795 
 
 Colonel Winslow’s Account of the Drowning of Dr. Cooke & His Son; 
 
 May 23rd, 1795. 
 
 An event, of which you have perhaps heard, has fairly struck this 
 Society dumb with grief. The Parson of this Parish, Mr. Cooke, was about 
 72 years old—a man endeared to us all by many amiable qualities. His 
 House was literally a seat of Hospitality, and he was one of the few old 
 men who could indulge in mirth without lessening the importance of his 
 own character. If at times he rather exceeded the bounds of what is 
 called discretion it was obviously the result of goodness of heart & an 
 anxiety to give pleasure to others. His manners were peculiarly concili¬ 
 atory & indeed polished and his sentiments were perfectly correct & 
 Honorable. He was just such a father as you would love to see; for his 
 children, altho’ respectful in the highest possible degree, were under no 
 restraint in his presence. Had this worthy old man died in his bed sur¬ 
 rounded by his friends we should have lamented his loss very sincerely. 
 
 His son Michael was a young man of a particularly fine cast of char¬ 
 acter—he was well educated, a good figure, and sufficiently acquainted with 
 the rule of politeness to carry him thro’ every company public & private 
 with credit and even with eclat. With these superficial accomplishments, 
 at a very early age he commenced Parmer, and immediately exhibited such 
 exemplary proofs of industry, steadiness & good judgment as could not 
 fail to excite admiration. The whole care of the property devolved upon 
 him & by his personal exertions he contributed essentially towards the 
 support of the Family. Besides these qualities he evinced the most manly 
 public spirit upon all occasions, and in private life he was a most perfect 
 pattern of obedience & affection-—devoted to his Father—tenderly & deli¬ 
 cately kind to his sisters. 
 
 On Saturday the Father came over* lo attend a funeral; the son (as 
 was his usual practice) accompany’d him in his Birch Canoe. They staid 
 & dined at Major Hailes’ with a select party of friends. The evening 
 became rainy & dark, but the old gentleman could not be prevailed on to 
 remain on this side, & they set off. By some accident the Canoe upset 
 & both Father & Son were drowned!. There can be no doubt but that 
 the young man lost his own life in his endeavor to save his father, as ’tis 
 very credibly reported that a voice was heard calling “Hold on, for God’s 
 sake hold on!” It was supposed to be from some raft & no notice was 
 taken of it. The presumption is that the old gentleman had put up his 
 umbrella to shelter him from the rain & that a flaw of wind turned ’em 
 over. 
 
 *Rev. Dr. Cooke, although rector of Fredericton, had his residence near the 
 Nashwaak on the other side of the river St. John, 
 parish church—records the unfortunate event. 
 
 fA tablet in St. Anne’s church at Fredericton—formerly placed in the old 
 
1795] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 417 
 
 The hats, -umbrella, etc., were found the next morning. The Bodies 
 arc not yet discovered. I leave it for your own imagination to paint the 
 distress which this most awful event has produced. 
 
 Now is there any fiction which the poetic fancy has invented to put 
 our sensibility to the test more affecting than these awful solemn facts. 
 I leave your own imagination to paint the distress of the unprotectel 
 daughters, etc. 
 
 Gregory Townsend to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 22d June, 1795. 
 
 Dear Colonel;—I wrote three weeks ago of your son Murray’s arrival 
 & forwarded a letter from him. The Neptune sailed about 10 days ago 
 for Quebec; Murray took a letter to our friend T. A. Coffin. * * * 
 
 I have now to thank you for your friendly letter of 29th which I com¬ 
 municated to Mrs Blowers, Catherine, &c. We sympathize with you and 
 your good sisters who, after paying the tribute which nature demands on 
 being deprived of so dear a Connection, have to look back with a flow of 
 gratitude for the long continuance of so worthy a Parent to an uncommon 
 long life without any infirmities of age, a blessing which not one family 
 in 10,000 experience*. Miss Prince’s letter gave us the first notice of your 
 loss and the melancholy end of Mr. Cooke. Nothing can be more affecting 
 than the particular circumstances which deprived a worthy family of an 
 amiable Father & Brother in one unfortunate moment. 
 
 I most sincerely lament the death of the Father, who I knew and 
 highly respected; it is impossible to withhold a tear on so very affecting 
 an event which must have overwhelmed his Parish with deep distress. * * 
 My best respects to your family & sisters, Mrs. Blowers will write. I 
 am with sincere friendship. 
 
 Yours, G. Townsend. 
 
 Captain D. Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, July 6th, 1795. 
 
 My dear Col;—I have yours by last post, no date but suppose about 
 
 28th. The news of Ld. D-’s| intended departure, I shewed to the 
 
 Prince, as I happened to be with him soon after the rec’t of the letter, he 
 took hold of it, and read on till he came to that part of it relating to 
 
 *The reference is to the death of Edward Winslow’s mother, who is buried 
 in the old grave yard at Fredericton. See memorial inscription, “Sacred to the 
 memory of Hannah Winslow,” in the introduction of this book. 
 
 fLord Dorchester sailed for England the following summer in the frigate 
 “Active,” accompanied by his family. They were shipwrecked on the Island of 
 Anticosti. The vessel was lost but all on board were saved. Lord Dorchester 
 soon after succeeded in getting to Halifax, whence he sailed to England. 
 
418 
 
 WINSLOW PA FEES. 
 
 [1795 
 
 himself, which I permitted him to do, judging what would he the event. 
 H. E. H. was much pleased with it, and said he knew Col. Winslow very 
 well, that he was a very sensible man of great abilities, &c. &c.; this afforded 
 me just the opportunity, I wished, when you may be assured I did not 
 forget or lose the occasion, of saying everything that friendship, and the 
 most elevated opinion of you, could dictate. I dined yesterday with Lady 
 
 W-, when Sir John was pleased to mention you & said he must write 
 
 you by this days post if possible, as he was much behind hand with 
 you. * * 
 
 Yours, D. Lyman. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Thursday Morning, 13 Aug. [1795]. 
 
 My dear Winslow ;—What we apprehended took place yesterday morn¬ 
 ing between Leonard and that vagabond Sower*. You recollect the 
 scoundrel’s parading so insolently with his enormous club, endeavoring to 
 throw himself in Leonard’s way at every corner; this he continued with 
 encreased effrontery every time Leonard was to he seen in the street; I 
 continued the dissuasions we had so successfully inforced against any notice 
 being taken of the Bear; tho’ I confess my blood boiled to see him chas¬ 
 tized. I dared not mention the circumstance of his coming up to my Gate 
 on Saturday with Burdett, which you must recollect, as I knew this would 
 put Leonard beyond all restraint. About 7 o’clock yesterday morning, 
 Leonard on his way to my house stop’d in the market place opposite the 
 Coffee-House to speak to Col. DeVeber, Sower came strutting by with his 
 club. Leonard coolly accosted him, and asked him “how he dared to con¬ 
 tinue such insolence ? told him he was conscious of his own superiority 
 in a contest, and therefore had wished and endeavored to avoid him, as 
 he (Sower) must have perceived; that he must he sensible that he most 
 richly deserved chastisement, and that his effrontery and impudence had 
 now become so intolerable that he, Leonard, could no longer delay the 
 application of it.” To all this Sower was silent, Leonard immediately 
 gave him a blow; in an instant the stick which Leonard held broke like a 
 pine stem. With the piece left in his hand he with admirable dexterity 
 disarmed Sower by striking him upon the sword arm, seized Sower’s club 
 and with it banged him most handsomely, knocked him down two or three 
 times and, fearful of kicking him, sought for his fleshy shoulders and 
 Back-side which resounded like a Wool Sack, Sower all this time screaming 
 murder. After driving him across the market place into the Butcher’s 
 stalls for refuge to the great diversion of the surrounding populace, 
 Leonard after another cool admonition left him and walked very moder- 
 
 *See biographical note under date April 1st, 1786. 
 
1795] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 419 
 
 ately up to my house to breakfast, unhurt, with Sower’s club in his hand. 
 As soon as the poor Devil had recover’d he got a great cord-wood stick 
 about three feet long and with it, looking like a Ghost, strutted about, 
 vaunting that he was not afraid of Mr. Leonard, and declaring that he did 
 not mean to look to the law for any redress. The expectations of the 
 people were that he would attack Leonard the moment he appeared again 
 in the street. About 11 o’clock the Bell was ringing for Church, I accom¬ 
 panied Leonard down the hill unarmed myself, Leonard having my walking 
 stick in his hand. The moment we got in sight of the Coffee-House we 
 saw Sower strutting at the corner, but by the time we had passed Murray’s 
 house he sneaked into the end door of the Coffee-house* fronting King- 
 street, and we passed on to Church thro’ Groups both of Gentlemen and 
 Blackguards all of whom I believe enjoyed with us the scene, which I 
 confess delighted me. 
 
 Sower did not appear after this, and last evening sneaked out of Town 
 to take care of his bruised carcase, threatening as I am told to publish his 
 account of the business and to challenge Leonard in the newspapers. This 
 has ended Mr. Sower’s visit to the City t which was merely to insult 
 Leonard, and to make his boast of it in Kings County to forward his elec¬ 
 tion, not imagining I believe that Leonard would think it worth while to 
 notice him in the manner he did. 
 
 Anxious as we were to prevent the encounter I confess I am not sorry 
 it has happened. I do not see what else could have been done without 
 giving the villain an opportunity of making use of his insolence most 
 Tauntingly to forward his electioneering views; he certainly most richly 
 deserved the punishment he received and I think it must effectually damn 
 all his pretensions as a candidate. 
 
 I trust the most decided steps will be adopted to discountenance him 
 by employing Ryanf in the service of Government hereafter, for he is and 
 always has been the most seditious fire-brand in the Province. He has 
 been expelled from the Lodge to which he belongs and ought to be an 
 
 *The “coffee-house” was built about the year 1789 on the corner of Prince 
 William and King streets (where the Bank of Montreal now stands) by Charles 
 McPherson. He sold it to Cody, long known as “the prince of caterers.” 
 
 f Christopher Sower lived at this time at French Village in Kings county. He 
 called his place “Brookville.” 
 
 | John Ryan was born in Rhode Island Oct. 7, 1761. When the colony was 
 evacuated by the British he went to New York, being at the time a boy of six¬ 
 teen, and entered as an apprentice in the printing office of John Howe, a Massa¬ 
 chusetts Loyalist. John Howe was the father of the Hon. Joseph Howe and 
 was himself king’s printer in Nova Scotia. John Ryan was married (the Rev. 
 John Sayre officiating) to Amelia Mott, while living in New York. He came to 
 St. John after the close of the Revolutionary war and was a printer and news¬ 
 paper owner. He succeeded Christopher Sower as king’s printer, March 22, 
 1799. His son Michael Ryan in 1806 published the first newspaper printed in 
 Fredericton. John Ryan afterwards removed to St. Johns, Newfoundland. See 
 Lawrence’s “Foot Prints,” p. 98. 
 
420 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1795 
 
 outcast from all Society. He is endeavouring to sow discontent in King's 
 County and to counteract all the salutary regulations and the peaceful 
 demeanor which Leonard and Coffin have with so much pains introduced 
 among the people there, and the exertions of all good men will be neces¬ 
 sary to counteract the nefarious and diabolical acts which such villains 
 employ to effect their wicked purposes. But enough. I was anxious to 
 give you an exact statement of what has taken place, as I suppose different 
 reports will be circulated by the canaille. 
 
 The post will be off if I delay any longer assuring you that I am, 
 
 Ever most faithfully & affectionately. 
 
 Yours, W. Chipman. 
 
 Captain D. Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, Sept. 7, 1795. 
 
 My dear Colonel,—I have yours of the 21st ulto. by the last post. * * 
 
 I am exceedingly gratified at an account of your journey to Leonards 
 as well as his affair with Sower. I remember your former letter of your 
 expecting some newspaper publications; the denoument and catastrophe 
 of which are very entertaining. I hope Leonard will not be entangled 
 with a law suit in consequence. 
 
 It is distressing to hear that the vagabond Glenie is like to get in; it 
 is really a pity that there is not enough good sense and Loyalty in the 
 country to keep out a known and most notoriously violent Democrat & 
 Jacobin. If I had been there and concerned in the election, I should not 
 have scrupled to come forward boldly and asserted to the county that he 
 was an avowed Democrat and that I would prove it. 
 
 It will be some gratification to me to hear that Agnew* loses the 
 day; if he is out of the house Glenie may be managed. Had there been 
 time enough to have qualified myself according to the new Bill I would 
 have been persuaded to have come forward again just to have kept out 
 such a man as Agnew. I hope somebody will recollect his speech last 
 winter in Vanhome’s tavern. 
 
 I am sorry our friend Chipman will not get in. * * * I do not 
 
 know who I am indebted to for the GenTs [Carleton] unfavorable dis¬ 
 position towards me, but I think there must be some reason besides his 
 own natural dislike of exerting himself to serve any one. * * * 
 
 What will be my fate or my lot I know not, but I should prefer New 
 Brunswick with £200 pr. annum to double in any other place, and we know 
 that is little enough even with my small train. * * * 
 
 D. Lyman. 
 
 ♦Member for York county in the house of assembly. 
 
1795-6] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 421 
 
 Captain Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, Oct. 5, 1795. 
 
 My dear Colonel;—* * * I do not know when I have been so 
 
 highly gratified as with your account of the close of the election and the fate 
 of Agnew*. I shall now have some better hopes of the future assembly, 
 although I see a number of staunch democrats among the number left, hut 
 Glenie without Agnew’s assistance will sink to nought. I have read 
 Glenie’s damned and blasted pamphlet, what plausibility mixed with false¬ 
 hood, appropriating to himself every political virtue, tho’ only guided and 
 instigated by the most infernal motives. For the good of the country I 
 should pray this performance might he burnt by the hands of the common 
 hangman, and himself sent to Botany Bay with brothers Margaret, Skir- 
 ring [ ?] Muir, Palmer & others, they would all he well matched. * * * 
 
 D. Lyman. 
 
 Sir John said he would write you. I see he had one of Glenie’s pam¬ 
 phlets, which he said was sent by a Mr. Read, but I believe at Glenie’s 
 instigation. His Excellency condemns it in toto. 
 
 Duke of Kent to Lieut. Governor Carleton. 
 
 Halifax, 10th June 1796. 
 
 Sir ;—I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of three letters 
 from your Excellency, two hearing date the 13th of April, & one the 16th 
 of May. 
 
 Your Excellency’s wishes for one thousand stand of arms being de¬ 
 livered from the ordnance stores here, for the use of the militia of the 
 Province of Few Brunswick, shall be punctually complied with. The 
 ordnance storekeeper is already directed to ship them by the first favorable 
 opportunity for St. John’s. I am infinitely obliged to you for the per¬ 
 mission you have granted to MacMullen & Granger of your Provincial 
 Corps to join the Fusiliers, in lieu of two other men to he sent from hence. 
 If you will direct those men to he sent to St. John’s I will embrace the 
 first opportunity that offers of sending a Sergeant round with the two men 
 whom I mean to transfer in their stead, by which means the Serg’t will he 
 enabled to take charge of the others on his return. Your Excellency is 
 extremely polite in explaining so fully your reasons for not appointing 
 
 *The sheriff’s return indicated the members elected for York were Major 
 Daniel Murray, Lt. Col. Jacob Ellegood, Capt. Archibald McLean and Captain 
 James French, but Capt. Stair Agnew having petitioned the house of assembly 
 complaining of French’s election as “undue,” the house proceeded to investigate 
 the matter on 16th February following and awarded the seat to Agnew. 
 
422 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1796 
 
 Mr. Goldsmith* Agent, in the business of settling the boundary; haying 
 thefore nothing further to say on that subject, I shall only observe that 
 I flatter myself should an opportunity offer of befriending that worthy old 
 officer, you will not suffer it to pass you, without embracing it for that 
 purpose. Permit me now to subscribe myself with perfect regard , 
 
 Your Excellency’s most obed’t Humble Serv’t, 
 
 Edward, Lieut. General &c. &e. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Jonathan Sewell |. 
 
 St. John, 27th Sept’r, 1796. 
 
 My dear Sir;—In the absence of Mr. Chipman I consider it is a duty 
 incumbent on me to inform you of the melancholy event which has taken 
 place here. Your much respected father has been evidently declining for 
 some time past, and about ten days ago he became so weak and debilitated 
 as to be unable to rise from his bed. From that time the indefatigable 
 Dr. Paddock constantly suggested his fears “that every day would be his 
 last.” He however survived till eight o’clock last evening, when he de¬ 
 parted this life without a groan or a struggle. 
 
 It was with unutterable grief and concern that Mr. Chipman left the 
 place while your father’s situation was so critical, but his departure was 
 unavoidable—the Commissioners, + Agent, Surveyors and their parties 
 being in waiting for him at St. Andrews and the important business of the 
 commission entirely suspended till his arrival. 
 
 Amidst the distress which the contents of this letter must naturally 
 excite in the breasts of yourself and brother, it may be some small con¬ 
 solation to know that previous to Mr. Chipman’s departure he gave the 
 most particular directions to Dr. Paddock and myself in case the accident 
 should happen in his absence. On Friday next your Father will be interred 
 in the vault with Judge Putnam. Mr. Bliss and myself have claimed the 
 right of attending as principal mourners. The pall will be supported by 
 
 *It was an extremely fortunate thing that the Duke of Kent did not have 
 his way in this matter, otherwise the interests of New Brunswick would.have 
 been jeopardized. Ward Chipman managed the case before the boundary com¬ 
 mission with singular ability and success; he was hard working and persistent. 
 The folly of putting a comparatively feeble man into such a position merely 
 because he was a “worthy old officer” is apparent. 
 
 fThis letter is addressed to the younger Jonathan Sewell, then living in 
 Quebec. In 1808 he was chief justice of Lower Canada, and after holding the 
 position for thirty years retired on a pension of £1,000 sterling per annum. He 
 was a law student for some time in Ward Chipman’s office in St. John. He 
 was a man of marked ability. Ilis wife was a daughter of Wiliam Smith, the 
 last chief justice of New York under the crown. She was the mother of 22 
 children, twelve of whom survived her. 
 
 JThe reference is to the boundary commissioners, at this time employed in 
 the determination of the international boundary. Ward Chipman was the 
 agent on behalf of Great Britain and conducted his case with great ability. 
 
1796] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 423 
 
 Col. Ludlow, Mr. Hazen, Mr. Wanton*, Mr. Leonard, Col. Billopt, and Col. 
 DePeyster — and every other measure will be adopted which can tend to 
 evince the respect due to his character. 
 
 Your mother is much exhausted by constant watchings, anxiety and 
 fatigues, but her friends are uniting their endeavors to console and comfort 
 her. Mrs. Chipman, who has been with her all the day, authorises me to 
 say “that Mrs. Sewell is as composed as the nature of her situation will 
 admit.” Most sincerely do I condole with you for I also have lost a trusty 
 and valuable friend. Believe me to be with cordial unabated regard & 
 esteem. 
 
 Your faithful friend, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Colonel Jacob Ellegood to Edward Winslow. 
 
 The Manor*, November 1796. 
 
 News from afar, says the Boyal Preacher, is like water to the thirsty 
 Hart. We were setting rather humdrum by the fire-side on Friday even¬ 
 ing when your very agreeable letter came to hand, the contents of which 
 gave much pleasure. 
 
 I perfectly think with you about the great news you mention that was 
 in circulation some days ago. It’s pretty clear that Jourdain has been 
 handsomely beaten, but as for Boonaparte’s business I fear it wants con¬ 
 firmation. * * * 
 
 Your epistle had an immediate effect on my family; from being (as I 
 said before) quite humdrum, all was cheerfulness. Now as that is really 
 
 *William Wanton, son of Governor Wanton of Rhode Island, was the first 
 collector of customs at St. John, and held office for thirty years. He died in 
 1816 at the age of 82 years. His handsome monument is in the old burial 
 ground at St. John. George Leonard’s letter opposite shows that while in his 
 judgment Mr. Wanton’s policy relative to smuggling was reprehensible, that it 
 nevertheless was popular. William Wanton’s commodious two story dwelling 
 stood at the corner of Duke and Germain streets, in St. John. 
 
 +Col. Christopher Billopp was a prominent man at Staten Island prior to 
 the Revolution. His property was confiscated by the New York legislature. 
 During the war he was quite a leading Loyalist. Lord Howe, Gen Kniphausen, 
 Colonel Simcoe end others were frequently his guests. Some particulars re¬ 
 specting him are to be found in Lawrence’s “Foot Prints,” pp. 64, 65. He came 
 to St. John at the close of the war, and in 1785 was elected a member of the 
 first house of assembly. In 1797 he was appointed a member of the council. 
 On the death of Governor Smyth in 1823, he claimed the post of administrator 
 of government as senior member of the council, but the position went to Ward 
 Chipman. Colonel Billopp appealed to the home government, who seem to have 
 eventually decided that his claim was good. However, in the meantime Ward 
 Chipman had died in office and Sir Howard Douglas had arrived as lieut. gov¬ 
 ernor of the province, consequently the decision was of no benefit to Col. Bif- 
 lopp. One of his daughters married the Hon. Wm. Black and another became 
 the wife of Rev. Dr. Willis, rector of Trinity church, St. John. John Bedell, 
 Esq., who settled at Woodstock, was private secretary to Colonel Billopp dur¬ 
 ing the war. Col. Billopp died in St. John in the year 1827, aged 90 years. 
 
 JLieut. Colonel Ellegood’s property in the parish of Dumfries. 
 
424 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1797 
 
 the case, and the nights are not jet at full length, I hope and expect, from 
 your known humanity, that you will he so good as frequently to repeat the 
 dose. * * * As you are not quite in the run of all our ways up here 
 
 you can expect to hear of but little variety from me. All our crops of 
 every kind are in. I have killed and salted up 1000 lbs. fine pork and have 
 700 more to kill. We have ploughed up more than twelve acres of land 
 to be ready for next year. But you will say what the D—l’s all that to 
 me ? I answer by saying it will be something to you if you will do us the 
 fav’r to come up here and partake of some our good things. Madam says 
 no one shall be more welcome and so say I. 
 
 My best compliments to Miss Pen. and my dear Sally; tell the latter 
 once more to take care of J. B. Mrs. Ellegood and Miss Saunders join me 
 in best compliments to you, your good lady and Miss Mary. Your friend 
 Sam begs his compos to you and Ned. * * * I see what you say about 
 
 the last year’s interest, you may pay it to me when I come down to Court 
 in Jan’y. 
 
 I have taken the liberty to send you a roasting piece of beef. I do 
 not think you have seen better grass beef this season. Tell Madam when 
 it comes on the table (if it is good) she is to do me the honor to drink my 
 health. I have a good deal more to say to you but Barm is just setting off. 
 Excuse this scrawl. 
 
 I remain, Dr. Sir, 
 
 Your affect. Friend, 
 
 Jacob Ellegood. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ephraim Spooner. 
 
 Boston, Aug’t 17, 1797. 
 
 My good old friend,—I boast that I can bear disappointments as well 
 as any man on earth, but I should be ashamed if all the vicissitudes I have 
 experienced could have hardened my heart. At the present moment I feel 
 a distress bordering upon weakness at the consideration that I cannot pay 
 you a visit at Plymouth. 
 
 For months past I have been continually anticipating the pleasure of 
 again taking by the Hand my venerable friend Col. Watson, my friend 
 Lothrop & a great number of others—& your letter of the 7th increased 
 my anxiety to see you & them. 
 
 Be assured that I feel very grateful for the expressions of friendship 
 which it contains. Nay Sir, I feel more—I am soothed & flattered in the 
 highest possible degree, by the consideration that when party animosities 
 have subsided, and the affections have returned to their proper channels, 
 those who were the companions of my early life remember me with esteem. 
 I consider it as a testimony that (altho’ eccentricities might have marked 
 
1797] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 425 
 
 my youth) my general conduct among you is recollected with approbation. 
 If there remains an individual in your society who (now the cause of con¬ 
 tention is at an end) retains any rancour against me, I wish him no greater 
 curse than to indulge it. 
 
 Public business obliges me to return to New Brunswick immediately. 
 The Board with which I am concerned have adjourned to meet in the State 
 of Rhode Island in June next. If I am not prevented by any untoward 
 accident, I will he here a month before my time for the purpose of visiting 
 my friends. 
 
 Remember me with the most cordial affection to Mrs. Spooner & 
 family and to the whole circle of my friends, and believe me to be with 
 unabated friendship & esteem, 
 
 Yours most sincerely, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Boundary Line.* 
 
 First find out the River Saint Croix, from whose source 
 A line that’s extended due north in its course 
 Thro’ the country will strike on the highlands which test 
 Of fam’d Nova Scotia the angle northwest—• 
 
 Then westward along the said highlands extend it 
 To south of what streams with St. Lawrence are blended. 
 
 Thus let it proceed, till it meet in its course, 
 
 Connecticut’s River’s northwesternmost source— 
 
 Then down the said river until it arrive 
 At degrees of north latitude forty & five. 
 
 Due west in a line now its course it must take. 
 
 And strike a great stream from Ontario’s Lake; 
 
 This hold rapid stream Cataraqui they call. 
 
 Which loses its name at the town Montreal. 
 
 This line then its progress far westerly makes 
 Thro’ four very famous & fresh water lakes, 
 
 These lakes with each other by streights are connected 
 All which by the line must be duly bisected— 
 
 Ontario, Erie and Huron—these name 1 — 
 
 And wide spread Superior, west of the same. 
 
 The last mentioned lake the said line passes thro’ 
 
 To north of Isle Royale and Phelipeaux too— 
 
 Proceeding still farther the same must be traced 
 
 Thro’ Long Lake and Wood’s Lake that lies to north west. 
 
 *This production is in Edward Winslow’s hand writing, and appears to have 
 been his own composition. It follows accurately the description of the boundary 
 contained in the treaty of 1783. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1797 
 
 Still westward it goes Mississippi to find, 
 
 Then down its great stream far to south let it wind 
 To latitude thirty and one it extends, 
 
 Then leaving this river to eastward it tends 
 Till Apalalchicola meeting it winds 
 To the north, till the mouth of Flint-river it finds, 
 Thence east to the river St. Mary’s they name. 
 
 And winds as it winds to the mouth of the same. 
 
 Next thro’ the Atlantic northward it goes 
 All Isles sixty miles from the coast to inclose. 
 Excepting those Islands which now and of yore 
 Of the province first named e’er belong’d to the shore. 
 That Great River St. Croix then points out its course 
 Thro’ its centre from Fundy-Bay up to its source. 
 
 Captain Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Windsor, Monday 6th [November, 1797]. 
 
 His Royal Highness and the party stopt at John Ruggles yesterday an 
 hour, and then went on to the Bishops to dinner and were magnificently 
 entertained for Aylesford*; we then came on to sleep at E. DeWolfe’s, 
 Horton, and this morning to Windsor. The Prince proposes to get to the 
 Lodge tonight, hut as I have not so great an objectt in view, I shall prob¬ 
 ably stay tonight here to see how my fresh Friends are. 
 
 I do not exactly understand what the Prince’s object has been in this 
 violent journey as he just looked over the repairs of the barracks at Anna¬ 
 polis, dined at Barclay’s and after three or four hours stay in the town 
 returned back; 
 
 There are barracks fitting there in very compleat order for 300 men, 
 a Field Officer, 4 Captains, 8 Subalterns, &c. I understand that the bar- 
 racks, &c, at Windsor are to be repaired this summer and that troops are 
 to be placed in both places. 
 
 The Prince has been very pleasing and in great spirits and good 
 humour during the jaunt. 
 
 I pray you to communicate to Hailes the journal of this voyage as I 
 have not time to write another letter. * * * 
 
 D. Lyman. 
 
 P. S. Just as I am finishing my letter a gentleman from Halifax, 
 which he left last Saturday evening, says Dr. Almon told him that Lady 
 Wentworth was dying after an illness of three days, supposed a pleurisy. 
 
 *Bishop Charles Inglis bought land in Aylesford and built there a country 
 seat, which he called “Clermont.” 
 
 fSee foot note at p. 91 in Fenety’s “Life and Times of Joseph Howe.” 
 
1797-8] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 427 
 
 Monday evening.—One of the Price’s attendants has just arrived with 
 accounts that Lady Wentworth is better, and that there was every hope of 
 her recovery yesterday. 
 
 D. L. 
 
 Joseph Chew* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Montreal, 17th Dee’r, 1797. 
 
 My dear good old friend,—Let me assure you that your not having 
 heard from me for some time is by no means for want of the most sincere 
 regard. * * * * 
 
 I never miss an opportunity of enquiring after you, and Mrs. Chew 
 and my Daughter Gracy often wish to know how you & family are & now 
 desire to join me in warmest wishes for your health and happiness. Being 
 in bad health has depressed my spirits and makes me regret the distance I 
 I am from my old good friends. Had it been my fortunate lot to have been 
 a neighbor to you and our worthy Chip and others of my acquaintance 
 how much happier life would be than it is at present. Our Canadians since 
 the execution of McLean,! if not altered in sentiments take care to behave 
 more quietly and are more submissive to order and Government. They 
 seem to be convinced our Government will not trifle with them. * * 
 
 I have a letter from my son William, who is the store keeper for the 
 Indian Department at Fort George (formerly Niagara) dated the 4th in¬ 
 stant. He tells me our old friend Benjamin Hallowell, Esquire, who is 
 there with his daughter the Chief Justice’s Lady, was very well. The In¬ 
 dians of the Five Nations and all the Western Tribes are very friendly and 
 much attached to the British Government. 
 
 I hope you were kindly entertained at Boston last summer, and that 
 you may settle the matter of the River St. Croix to your satisfaction. 
 
 * * * My dear old friend, 
 
 Yours most affectionately &c., 
 
 Joseph Chew. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 4th April, 1798 
 
 My dear Sir,—Last night I had the pleasure to receive your favor of 
 the 14th March, and avail myself of the earliest opportunity to assure you 
 
 * Joseph Chew before the American Revolution was a magistrate at Tryon 
 county, N. T. He signed a declaration of loyalty in 1775. He accompanied Sir 
 John Johnson to Canada and was appointed superintendent of Indian affairs. 
 He was an old friend of Edward Winslow and of Ward Chipman. He gave 
 to Winslow a power of attorney to apply for lands for him in Nova Scotia. 
 
 fDavid McLean, an American citizen, was tried and convicted of treason at Que¬ 
 bec and was executed July 21, with the old time barbarous proceedings of hanging, 
 decapitation, disembowelling, etc. 
 
428 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS- 
 
 [1798 
 
 of my readiest inclination to meet yonr wishes with respect to yonr son—an 
 opening will probably arise during the summer. Two companies of my 
 Regiment are ordered to Cape Breton as soon as the navigation is relieved 
 from ice. Lt. General Ogilvie is appointed President of the Island, and 
 removes thither as soon as possible. Lt. Col. Bayard goes with the Nova 
 Scotia detachment, they are to have also a serjeant & twelve artillery men. 
 
 I wish the meetings of the [Boundary] Commissioners* had been ap¬ 
 pointed one month or six weeks later, or could be postponed, as it interferes 
 with the sessions of our General Assembly where Col. Barclay will be much 
 wanted. 
 
 It appears to me there cannot be a doubt that the proofs are clearly 
 favorable to the claim of Great Britain, and that nothing short of violent 
 departure from obvious truth can disappoint us. * * * 
 
 Lady Wentworth sailed for Liverpool on the day preceding the date of 
 your letter. Her impaired health required immediate change of climate 
 and the similar state of our only son, in England, added to the indispens¬ 
 able urgency of risquing a passage in these time of great commotion. You 
 will conceive of my extreme anxiety. If her health permits, our hopes are 
 for her return accompanied by our son in July or August next. * * * 
 
 If you will approve of your son’s passing a few months as a Volunteer T, 
 bring him with you. It may be of use to him and can do him no harm that 
 I can foresee. You may rely on my best interest to befriend and promote. 
 Pray how does my namesake & Godson';? What course do you propose 
 for him? Remember me to all your family with sincere kindness. I pray 
 you to remember me in the kindest manner to Mr. Chipman for whom I 
 entertain the greatest esteem. * * * 
 
 I am with great truth and regard, my dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithful friend 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwychefl- 
 
 April 26 , 1798. 
 
 * * My affection for my old acquaintances remains ardent and 
 
 unabated. If you move in the same circle with the benevolent and worthy 
 
 *The British commissioner was Col. Thomas Barclay, who at this time was 
 speaker of the Nova Scotia house of assembly. The American commissioner 
 was David Howell of Rhode Island. Judge Egbert Benson of New York was 
 chosen as umpire, and he admittedly acted with great fairness. 
 
 fEdward Winslow’s second son, Thomas Aston Coffin Winslow, is here re¬ 
 ferred to. A “volunteer” was regarded as an officer in embryo and received 
 subsistence but no pay. The corps intended for the young man was the king’s 
 Nova Scotia fencibles, of which Sir John Wentworth was colonel commanding. 
 
 JThe reference is to Edward Winslow's third son, Wentworth. 
 
 ||Apparently this is the first letter of a correspondence that was destined 
 to be of the most intimate and friendly nature, and which continued up to the 
 
1798J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 429 
 
 Sir fm. Pepperell, present me in the most affectionate manner to him. 
 To the celebrated and justly esteemed Count Rumford* * say that when he 
 has finished learning all the poor devils in the world to read and write, I 
 hope he’ll write a line or two himself just to show that he has not forgotten 
 me. I should have attacked him with one of my old fashioned epistles 
 long ere this, but unless a letter can be put upon the tail of a comet, there’s 
 no chance of overtaking him. At one time I hear of him in Bavaria, at 
 another in Ireland, at another in England, &c. 
 
 I hope I shall be favored with an answer from you soon. One copy of 
 your letter I wish may proceed via N. York or Boston, as I shall probably 
 he there the principal part of the su m mer on the business of settling the 
 line of Boundary. If it’s covered to James Sullivan t Esq, it will come 
 safe to me. 
 
 With the most sincere attachment & esteem 
 
 I am, your most obedient friend &c. 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 April 29, 1798. 
 
 * * * We are just recovering here from one of the most 
 
 tremendous scenes that ever was beheld, what they call an ice freshet J. 
 Major Murray, Mr. Davidson, Col. Ellegood & many others above me, lost 
 every animal they owned. Davidson had 60 head of hom’d cattle, Elle¬ 
 good 50, and Murray 40 etc, etc. I escap’d, as I always do (upon all great 
 occasions) by a hair’s breadth. The water was up to my front door & 6 
 
 time of Edward Winslow’s decease. Edward Goldstone Lutwyche was a New 
 Hampshire Loyalist. He went to Boston and thence to New York. About the 
 close of the war he retired to England. From July 29, 1808, until his death in 
 1815 he was agent in England for the province of New Brunswick. Colonel 
 Lutwyche was born in Massachusetts, but removed when young with his 
 mother to New Hampshire. He was by profession a lawyer. From 1768 to 1775 
 he was a member of the New Hampshire legislature. He was colonel in the 
 militia. In January, 1777, we find him at Long Island, where he married soon 
 after Jane Rapalje. In conjunction with George Leonard and Edward Wins¬ 
 low, Col. Lutwyche had a good deal to do with the organization of the “Asso¬ 
 ciated Loyalists.” He was proscribed and banished and his property in New 
 Hampshire confiscated. 
 
 *See biographical note under date 8th June, 1783; also Col. Lutwyche’s letter 
 of May 17, 1800. 
 
 tHon. James Sullivan was attorney general and afterwards governor of 
 Massachusetts. He was an exceedingly able man and conducted the case of the 
 United States at the time of the boundary arbitration with much ability, but 
 the facts were against him. He died Dec. 2d, 1808. 
 
 JThere is the following short account of this ice freshet in the St. John Gazette 
 of April 20, 1798 —“ We are sorry to learn that from the breaking up of the ice on 
 “ the river, considerable damage has been done. The French Village above Freder- 
 “ icton and the vicinity thereof have suffered greatly, and upwards of 20 families, we 
 “ are told have been obliged to remove from their habitations in consequence of the 
 “ overflowing of the country. Cattle, fences, several barns and large quantities of 
 “ hay have been swept away; but we are happy to hear that no lives have been lost.” 
 
430 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1798 
 
 feet deep in my cellar. I every moment for 36 hours, expected to lose my 
 House. The mountains of ice were 40 feet high directly in my rear—the 
 stoutest of Elms & Maples were broke like pipestems—luckily when the 
 mountains went off they took a direction just to avoid the buildings and 
 came in at the foot of the gardens, where they tore all before ’em. I de¬ 
 tach’d my wife and all the Light Infantry part of my family, and stood 
 ready with a boat to run like a lusty fellow for the Highlands. The ridge 
 where the buildings stand was completely insulated. I sav’d all my cattle, 
 and even my sheep and hogs—my fences of course went to the devil. 
 
 The namesake and Godson whom you have condescended to enquire 
 about is deserving of the name he hears. He is a very handsome, able 
 bodied fellow, very ambitious & tenacious of the title of “Governor,” which 
 is invariably bestowed upon him. What will become of ’em God knows! 
 
 * * * * * * * 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Daniel Lyman. 
 
 Kingsclear, 6th May, 1798. 
 
 I thank you for yours of the 16th ult. . The adjournment of the 
 Board gives me a month or two longer at home and as Tom Coffin* is . con¬ 
 stantly employed in my office I wish to avail myself of his services as long 
 as I can, besides he will be at much less expence here than at'Halifax. 
 
 I think it will be best to enter him at once as a Volunteer in the regi¬ 
 ment and to let him remain here for the present on leave. Whenever I 
 take my departure he will accompany me whether a vacancy happens or 
 not. Sir John has suggested that I should take Halifax on my way to Bos¬ 
 ton and if I can accomplish it I shall be highly gratified. In that case I 
 could personally attend to the arrangements for my son. In the meantime 
 you will have the goodness to make the necessary communication to Sir 
 John and take such steps as you may think proper. 
 
 I am extremely sorry to find by your letter that parties are forming 
 in the states in favor of the French. I have heard it intimated from other 
 quarters. Had the French Revolution been productive of anv benefit to 
 themselves. Had it procured them liberty, plenty, or tranquility, it would 
 not appear extraordinary that other nations should follow their example. 
 But when it must be obvious to all mankind that tyranny, poverty, and 
 war with all their attendant evils are the consequences of such a system, 
 one would conclude—reasoning as we do on other occasions, that no state 
 or community on earth could court an alliance with ’em, or, what’s worse, 
 attempt to imitate ’em. The Americans, who at present enjoy apparent 
 prosperity, we would from the same kind of reasoning, suppose should be 
 
 *Edward Winslow’s son “Tom” is referred to. 
 
1798] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 431 
 
 the last people to he deluded into certain ruin by making a new political 
 experiment. But this is one of the curses of a Republican Government. 
 Every Jack a Lanthorn has a train of followers, and there being no effec¬ 
 tual constitutional controul, the whole community are up to the eyes in a 
 bog, before they are aware of their danger. Our old Republics may do to 
 exist in, altho’ the form he exceptionable. Governments may by imper¬ 
 ceptible degrees acquire energy; obedience and subordination become 
 habitual. But an Infant Republic certainly is a damn’d thing. Let any 
 man contemplate the present fluctuating state of American Politics and 
 he’ll see the destruction that awaits ’em. Hitherto they have been fortu¬ 
 nate; their first president had claims upon them of a peculiar nature and 
 he had qualities of a peculiar cast. The present man possesses uncommon 
 abilities and he too has in their opinion rendered them essential services. 
 But what would have been their condition had the competitor of the latter 
 succeeded? The French would have had possession of one half of ’em and 
 the Devil the other before this time. It is not the wisest part of their con¬ 
 stitution which ordains that in an election of President he who has the 
 second highest number of votes shall be Vice President. This rule oper¬ 
 ated tolerably well in the appointment of toastmasters because all the 
 candidates must be jolly fellows, but in a great political contest it must be 
 a bad system. 
 
 Two candidates start, of sentiments diametrically opposite, as was the 
 case recently. Each avails himself of his party. The unsuccessful gentle¬ 
 men, embittered by new disappointment, comes in a trice to aid His Ex¬ 
 cellency who, of course, considers him a rogue and will have nothing to say 
 to him. This by way of securing harmony in their councils. Next trip, 
 the Yice succeeds, & then —! Chaloner, the Sheriff of Rhode Island, told 
 a story which is an epitome of the whole business so far as relates to elec¬ 
 tive magistracy. In the height of their politics a man named Potter, of 
 some consideration, was accused of stealing a cheese; he pleaded not guilty 
 and said he took it for fun. The justice ordered him to be whip’d, as soon 
 as the punishment was over he turned to his Worship and said, You scoun¬ 
 drel, after the next election I shall be made a justice and then I’ll whip you 
 most damnably. The election came—a new Governor made the Culprit a 
 Justice—the old Justice ran away (of course). Curse American Politics, 
 what have you or I to do with ’em. Your news led me into the scrape. I 
 only mean (to use an emphatical expression) they have no sheet anchor, 
 whenever factions set ’em fairly afloat they’ll drift to perdition.* 
 
 >Query: could it be the wish was father to the thought ? 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1798 
 
 E. G-. Lutwyche to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Kensington, July 3rd, 1798. 
 
 Sir,—I had the pleasure of receiving your favor of the 26th April last 
 on the 18th June & am much obliged by the polite & delicate manner of 
 offering your agency*. As an Agent & friend I shall be happy to render 
 you any services in my power, for believe me. Sir, my sentiments are per¬ 
 fectly in unison with yours respecting old friends. Having been so long 
 insulated with respect to them I feel a peculiar satisfaction in everything 
 which relates to their welfare and happiness. * * * 
 
 I am sorry to inform you Capt. Armstrong’s! affairs are in a very de¬ 
 ranged state indeed, they are in chancery & upon inquiry I find the estate 
 will not pay above 2s. 6d. in the pound at some distant period. It is hard 
 upon you, but you have many conmapions in your misfortune. * * 
 
 That extraordinary man Count Rumford is gone to Munich. In the 
 course of his revolution he emitted some of his benevolent rays on England 
 & Ireland. At present he is stationary there but his splendour illuminates 
 Europe. In the midst of the allurements of a Court where he is idolised, 
 he devotes his time to Philosophical experiments & is communicating 
 them under the title of Essays. While he was here his only Child, a 
 daughter, came to see him from Boston. Fearing to take her to a dissi¬ 
 pated Court he intended she should return, but during her stay she gained 
 so much upon him that he could not part with her & she is gone with him 
 to Munich. She is really a fine young woman. * * * 
 
 I am, &c. &c. 
 
 E. G-. Lutwyche. 
 
 Major H. W. Hailes to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, October 6th, 1798. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Your favor of the 3rd ult. from Providence has 
 reached me. Mr. Heddenl being on his departure with the plans, I 
 embrace the opportunity of writing a few lines. I saw your family the day 
 before yesterday all well. Mrs. Winslow will with the help of her friends 
 keep up her spirits. The old man she had from the Regiment has left her, 
 he was not able to do the winter’s work. I have with the General’s per¬ 
 mission sent her Henry Hoare, from Miss Cooke’s place, as I intend keeping 
 
 *The former agent, Armstrong, employed by Winslow as well as many 
 others of the Loyalists, had died, and many of those who employed him suffered 
 losses in consequence of the state of his accounts. Colonel Lutwyche proved a 
 faithful and obliging agent. It is to be presumed he received the usual com¬ 
 mission. 
 
 fCapt. Edward Armstrong, the half-pay agent in England. 
 
 JSee biographical note under date January 2, 1794, in this book. Isaac Hed- 
 den was an expert draughtsman, as many of his plans in the crown land office 
 testify. 
 
1798] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 433 
 
 but one man there this winter. We are much in doubt if we shall see Miss 
 Cooke this fall, and am fearful the fever will keep her from embarking for 
 N. Brunswick. We have met with a considerable loss in our domestic 
 society by the death of poor Black, he went off after 10 days illness, Hed- 
 den will tell the particulars. Very much as his loss is to be regretted, it 
 is still more so on account of our friend Ned Miller*; he was in danger so 
 short a time that he made no will, otherwise I am conscious he would have 
 provided for him. 
 
 The August Packet is arrived, and what is more extraordinary no news 
 of Bonaparte or Nelson. The Rebellion in Ireland is now “as a tale of other 
 days.” The Prince goes to England this fall for his health, Dr. North has 
 been sent for from Quebec to be consulted, and Brenton writes me word, it 
 is his opinion he must go to Bath for the benefit of the waters. Lyman 
 has been here & returned to Halifax., His Royal Highness’ illness has 
 proceeded from a fall from His horse. 
 
 I am sorry you have been detained so much longer than you expected. 
 I however hope that after Hedden’s arrival you will soon close the business 
 & return safe & sound to your friends in N. Brunswick. You may make 
 yourself easy that everything will be done by your friends that can assist 
 your wife & children till your return. I am so little of a farmer that I can 
 give but a poor opinion of what should be done in that line. Colonel Allen 
 promised me to call & give his advice on some points which Mrs. W. wants 
 to consult him on. I almost forgot to mention, that on Mrs. Winslow’s 
 mentioning your wish to get a couple of Terriers for your friend Dr. Jef¬ 
 freys, I apply’d to the Governor, and am sorry to inform you that the only 
 Bitch he had died this summer, and I find Clopper has been equally unsuc¬ 
 cessful with Colo. Robinson. If I however should hear of any I shall 
 endeavour to secure them for you. 
 
 Make Mrs. H. & my best regards to Chipman & all friends round you, 
 I should write to Chip, but have nothing particular to say. 
 
 Ever most faithfully, yours, 
 
 H. W. Hailes. 
 
 ♦Edward Winslow Miller is here referred to. His mother was sister to Col. 
 Winslow’s father, and he himself married a daughter of Col. Winslow. Harris 
 W. Hailes, whose name frequently appears in the Winslow correspondence, 
 married a daughter of Col. Stephen Miller (she was E. W. Miller’s eldest sister.) 
 Mrs. Hailes was a cousin of Col. Winslow. Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Miller had a 
 large family, most of whom died young. Their only surviving daughter mar¬ 
 ried the late Chief Justice Carter. E. W. Miller was Col. Winslow’s deputy as 
 surveyor of the king’s woods in New Brunswick, under Sir John Wentworth. 
 He was also assistant to Col. Winslow in his capacity of military secretary. 
 He engaged quite extensively in storekeeping, lumbering, etc., and will be fre¬ 
 quently mentioned in the pages that follow. See, e. g., Winslow’s letter under 
 date 12th October, 1806. 
 
434 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1798 
 
 Eleazer Homer* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Boston, Dec’r 2, 1798. 
 
 D’r Sir,—Capt’n Leavitt arrived here last week by whom I was happy 
 to hear of yonr safe arrival at St. Johns but could not find that you had 
 written to any one. I called on your sister Penelope who was relieved 
 from her anxiety, not having heard from you since you sailed from this. 
 She has been unwell but is now is good health. I sent you a scroll per 
 Rhoden (under cover to Mr. Chipman) also the Quinces and Calf, which 
 hope has arrived safe. * * * * 
 
 As we were going on hoard the one side the Calf jumped out the 
 other but being tyed they soon got him in again, which I think was fortu¬ 
 nate, as the Calf was more fearful of the water and the people more careful 
 of him afterwards. I made him of great consequence that they might he 
 more attentive to him and mentioned his Pedigree, &c. The keeper in¬ 
 formed me (which perhaps you may not have heard) the sire of the Calf 
 fought & beat the famous Bison or Buffaloe which had never before been 
 beaten by a Bull or any other creature, but had beat many and killed some. 
 ***** * * 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 1ST. Scotia, 24th Dec’r, 1798. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I thank you very much for your kind letter, which I 
 received yesterday. 
 
 The successful issue of the Commission had been, some time since, com¬ 
 municated to me by Colo. Barclay. This laborious & very honorable part 
 that devolved upon you I was always satisfied would be conducted with such 
 ability & fidelity, as would give me the greatest pleasure to, rejoice, that it 
 was conducted by my Priend. It is also not a little gratifying to me, in¬ 
 dependent of the public benefit, that the negotiation on the part of Great 
 Britain has been so ably and zealously conducted, as to obtain great respect 
 for Colo. Barclay and Mr. Chipman. All candid, judicious men, must give 
 them great credit. I shall be much obliged to you, for any curious Ex¬ 
 tracts of natural or political history that may be in your Collection, when 
 you have an hour to spare. 
 
 I have great pleasure in congratulating you & Mrs. Winslow, upon the 
 very good accounts I have lately received from Cape Breton, of your son 
 Tom. Lt. Col. Kearney, Cap. Fox & others of my friends will pay the 
 greatest attention to his health, and conduct, and I trust his parents will 
 not be disappointed in my young Ensign, who will soon be as good an 
 
 *Eleazer Homer was an official employed by the United States in connection 
 with the boundary arbitration. Evidently a friendship had sprung up between 
 him and Winslow as the negotiations proceeded. 
 
1798-9] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 435 
 
 officer and I intend as gentlemanlike good Man, as any among us is. How 
 does my little Godson & namesake come on? does lie yet point to any 
 course? Is he stout & healthy? Lady W. & my Son, are not expected 
 here, until spring—they were in good health, when we last heard from 
 them. My best regards attend you & your family—pray remember me 
 kindly to Mr. Chipman & family & be assured I am ever dear Sir, 
 
 Your sincere friend, 
 
 Wentworth. 
 
 General John Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Dorchester, May 13th, 1799. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—To possess a heart that is so susceptible of parti¬ 
 cipating in all the vicissitudes of Fortune that we are liable to meet with 
 in this life, is in my opinion one of the first gifts of Nature, and which you 
 possess so eminently. 
 
 I thank you from my soul for your kind congratulations, and the pro¬ 
 phetic manner in which you express your wishes that may result from my 
 promotion*. 
 
 I am now waiting for an official communication before I can determine 
 anything, or what to do with the unweildly property and business I am 
 engaged in. If I can in any degree secure it from destruction I shall begin 
 to entertain an idea that Nature has done something towards fitting me 
 for a general. * * * And I shall he happy to avail myself of 
 
 your ingenuity and experience. I am apprised that exertion, enterprise 
 and integrity, can alone bring me into consequence. With my best regards 
 to our friends Sproule, Hazens, Coffin, & Bartlet, I am with great regard 
 for your little flock and Mrs. Winslow, my dear Ned, 
 
 Faithfully and affectionately Yours, 
 
 John Coffin. 
 
 Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 [Early part of 1799.] 
 
 * * My two last summers have been spent in the American 
 
 States, in the execution of a very arduous and laborious duty as Secretary 
 to the Commissioners appointed under the 5th article of the treaty of amity, 
 commerce, etc., to determine the Eastern boundary line. The business 
 closed in October last, and under all the existing circumstances the decision 
 may be considered as favorable to Great Britain. Had the Americans estab¬ 
 lished their claim to the Magaguadavict tbe River St. John would have 
 been intersected within a few miles of Fredericton. The whole of St. An- 
 
 *Colonel John Coffin had just been promoted to the rank of brigadier gen¬ 
 eral, to command on the Newfoundland station. 
 
 fThe Americans claimed the Magaguadavic river to be the true and ancient 
 river St. Croix and therefore the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick 
 intended in the treaty of 1783. 
 
436 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 fI799 
 
 drews and other valuable settlements together with two military posts of 
 some importance would have been embraced within their limits. As it is, 
 we lose not a single British settlement. A few miserable Frenchmen at 
 Madawaska on the route to Canada fall within their territory*. I presume 
 that some future negotiation willl remove even this difficulty and give us a 
 free communication with Canada. 
 
 I read with extreme concern the paragraph in your letter respecting 
 the indisposition of Sir fm. PepperelFs children and I have since seen the 
 death of one of ’em mentioned in a London paper. May God restore the 
 others to health and preserve him from such afflictions in future. 
 
 We are awaiting with vast anxiety for the next arrival from England 
 in the hope that we shall be able to form some judgment respecting the 
 probable continuance of the war. I shall feel myself essentially obliged if 
 (when a good conveyance offers at any time) you would send me such 
 pamphlets or papers as you may think worth perusal. In this secluded 
 situation every information from your country is read with great eagerness. 
 
 * * I have sometimes flattered myself that in the present naval 
 
 bustle my sont might stand some chance of promotion. I do not know of 
 any step that I can take to forward an object of so much importance. 
 There are few of my old friends left in the service. 
 
 Believe me to be with the warmest esteem & friendship. 
 
 Yours faithfully, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Headquarters; Halifax, 7th September, 1799. 
 
 General Orders. 
 
 No. 1. His Majesty having been pleased to instruct General His 
 Royal Highness the Duke of Kent with the Supreme Command of His 
 Forces serving in North America, by Commission dated May the 10th, 
 1799, vice General Prescott, His Royal Highness is pleased from this day 
 to take upon himself the Duties of Commander in Chief. All Returns and 
 Reports therefore that were hitherto made to General Prescott are, till 
 further Orders, to be addressed to His Royal Highness at His Head Quar¬ 
 ters at Halifax in the Province of Nova Scotia, that being the situation 
 approved by His Majesty for the residence of the Commander in Chief. 
 
 No. 2. His Majesty has been pleased to make the following appoint¬ 
 ments & Promotions:— 
 
 *ThiS observation proves that Edward Winslow agreed with Ward Chipman 
 that the north line from the source of the river St. Croix would of necessity 
 cross the river St. John in order to reach the highlands intended by the treaty 
 of 1783. This both felt would be a fatal mistake which must be obviated if 
 possible by pressing strongly the British claims in other directions or by pro¬ 
 posing some exchange. 
 
 fReferring to his son Murray, at this time in the navy. 
 
1799] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 437 
 
 Staff. Lieut. Colonel Fred’k Aug; Wetherall 82nd Regiment, Deputy 
 Adjutant General to the forces serving in the District of Nova Scotia, to 
 be Adjutant General to the Forces serving in North America, 10th May, 
 1799. 
 
 Royal Fusiliers. Captain-Lieut. Fred’k Hardyman of the Roy. Fusi¬ 
 liers to be Captain of a Company, vice Brevet Lieut. Colonel Sir Thomas 
 Saumarez* promoted to the situation of Inspector General of the Militia in 
 the Island of Guernsey. Lieut. Stirling to he Captain Lieut., vice Hardy- 
 man. Lieut. Parsonage to be Adjutant, vice Hardyman. 
 
 No. 3. His Royal Highness has been pleased to appoint the following 
 officers to His Staff:—To act as His Royal Highness’s Aides de Camp, 
 Major Smythe 83rd Regt; Captain Hardyman, R. Fusiliers; Captain Dodd, 
 Royal Artillery; Captain Wright, Royal Artillery. To act as His Royal 
 Highness’s Military Secretary and Extra Aide de Camp, Major Gordon, 
 66th Regiment. Lieut. Shekleton to act as Asst, to the Military Secretary 
 with the addition of 7s. 6d. per day to his Subaltern’s Pay. 
 
 No. 4. Major Smythe, His Royal Highness’s Senior Aide de Camp, 
 will act as Quarter Master General to the Forces serving in North America; 
 all Reports in that Department therefore to be made to him. 
 
 No. 5. His Royal Highness will receive all Reports of occurrences in 
 the Garrison of Halifax, from Lieut. General Ogilvie, who will till further 
 Orders remain Commandant of the same, and to continue to Command the 
 Troops serving in Nova Scotia & its Dependencies; as also all Reports on 
 Regimental matters relating to the Royal Fusiliers (His Royal Highness’s 
 own Corps) through Lieut. Colonel Layard, to whom he considers himself 
 under the highest obligation for the very respectable appearance and State 
 of the Regiment. 
 
 Fred’k Aug. Wetherall. 
 
 Adj. Gen. 
 
 His Excellency Lieut. General Carleton, 
 
 Commanding His Majesty’s Troops, New Brunswick. 
 
 Major Gordon Military Secretary to Lieut. Governor Carleton. 
 
 Halifax, September 10th, 1799. 
 
 Sir,— I have the honor of reporting to Your Excellency the arrival 
 of General His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent in this Province, on the 
 6th instant. 
 
 His Royal Highness has been pleased to signify his intention of taking 
 upon himself the duties of Commander in Chief of His Majesty‘s Forces 
 serving in British North America, by Commission hearing date May 10, 
 1799. _ 
 
 ♦Sir Thomas Saumarez was administrator of government in the province of 
 New Brunswick. He was a popular and very amiable man. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1799 
 
 It is further His Royal Highness’s intention, pursuant to His Majesty’s 
 pleasure, to affix his Head Quarters at Halifax. I thought it my duty and 
 therein am sanctioned by His Royal Highness to convey to Your Excel¬ 
 lency this information, as the Lieutenant Governors have no communica¬ 
 tion with the Public Order. 
 
 I beg leave to congratulate Your Excellency on the appointment of 
 one of the Royal Family to a command of such importance, and to he with 
 perfect respect, Sir, 
 
 Your Excellency’s most humble servant 
 
 J. W. Gordon, 
 
 Mil. Sec. & A. D. C. 
 
 Extract from St. John City Gazette. 
 
 Sept. 10, 1799. 
 
 “By the Sch’r Thomas from Windsor we have the pleasing informa¬ 
 tion that His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent arrived at Halifax on 
 Friday last (Sept. 6th). The news was immediatelv communicated to the 
 Inhabitants of the adjacent country by means of the Telegraph* with such 
 velocity that it reached Windsor in less than 20 minutes.” 
 
 Eleazer Homer to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Boston, October 11, 1799. 
 
 Dear Sir,—An opportunity offers for a small packet, by W. Leonard 
 going to St. Johns via Passamaduoddy, which affords me the pleasure of 
 acknowledging the receipt of your much esteemed favour of 28 August, the 
 perusal of which gave me great satisfaction. The letter you sent to be 
 forwarded by Mr. Chipman I am sorry to say has never come to hand. To 
 hear of the welfare of any of your family is a pleasure to me, or of any 
 creature belonging to you. * * * * 
 
 ♦This primitive mode of telegraphy necessitated a chain of signal stations. 
 Messages were received at each by means of a telescope and repeated from 
 hill to hill by use of a semaphore or (more probably) by a system of flags and 
 balls. The late Geo. E. Fenety in his book, ‘Life and Times of Hon. Joseph 
 Howe,” p. 81, observes:—‘‘Near the dwelling [i. e.. Prince’s Lodge] was the tele- 
 “ graph station, a wooden structure about 20 feet in height supporting a flag 
 “ staff and yard arms for the purpose of communicating with the telegraph 
 “ station on Citadel Hill, six miles distant, by means of flags and balls—at that 
 “ time the only system of telegraph known, and yet the interchange of words 
 “ was as correct, though slow, as it is at the present day under the electric 
 “ system.” 
 
 It was proposed at one time to establish stations all the way from Halifax 
 to Quebec. The Duke of Kent warmly advocated the idea but it was found to 
 be impracticable. Some information regarding the initiatory steps taken in 
 the matter will be found in the pages that follow. See also Dr. W. F. Ganong’s 
 article in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada for 1899, p. 348. 
 
1799] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 439 
 
 I think it must he a pleasing satisfaction to you, after being so long 
 absent from your large family, to be at home with them, and to have it in 
 your power to be of so much advantage in their education, & npich more so 
 to the children, who must be convinced that they could not find a Tutor 
 with whom they could make more improvement. I feel myself under 
 great obligations to you for your good wishes. I hope sincerely that I may 
 always merit them. * * * I shall be happy in hearing from 
 
 you as often as convenient & will attend any commands with pleasure. 
 
 I am with respect & esteem, 
 
 YY Hb’le Servant 
 
 Eleazer Homer. 
 
 Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 [1799.] 
 
 My dear Sir,— * * * Mr. Byles will present you this 
 
 in person. He is the eldest son of the Bev. Dr. Byles, and is one of the 
 nearest and dearest friends I have on earth. His last ten years have been 
 spent in the West Indies and he is now Co mmi ssary of the Island of 
 Granada, where he married a daughter of Chief Justice Bridgewater a very 
 amiable woman; she is with him. I will make no apology for introducing 
 him to your acquaintance. You will soon discover that he is a grave, 
 sensible man, and could I relate the numerous instances of his benevolence 
 & generosity to a train of needy relatives & friends you could not fail of 
 admiring him. He never was in England and I shall feel grateful to you 
 for any attentions or assistance which it may be in your power to shew 
 him. * * * . * 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 H. B. H. Prince Edward to Lieutenant General Carleton. 
 
 Head Quarters, Halifax, Nov. 18, 1799. 
 
 Sir,— * * * With respect to the Hew Brunswick 
 
 Corps, no alteration can take place in the mode of subsisting them until 
 His Majesty is pleased to signify his commands with regard to the estab¬ 
 lishment upon which they are hereafter to be paid, for although by the 
 late voluntary extension of their services there cannot be a doubt of their 
 being shortly placed on the establishment of Fencibles, they cannot be 
 considered as such or as ceasing to be Provincials until the King first 
 makes them otherwise. * * * 
 
 The detachment of two Serjeants and twenty men under the com¬ 
 mand of Lieutenant Eccles* arrived here on the 13th instant, together with 
 
 *See biographical note Kings New Brunswick Regiment, under date 29th 
 July, 1794. 
 
440 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1799 
 
 that under the immediate charge of the Quarter Master. The latter will 
 have their clothing compleated in the course of this week and will leave 
 this on their march back to St. Johns either on the 23rd or 25th of Novem¬ 
 ber. The clothing being as you inform me' for the year 1798, it is 
 absolutely necessary that it should he made up according to the pattern 
 approved by His Majesty for that year, previous to my reviewing the Corps, 
 and I am happy to find from the report made by the Master Taylor of the 
 Fusiliers, that there will be no difficulty in accomplishing this. I have 
 recommended the old coats being turned and cut up so as to make into 
 round jackets, which will answer both for the purpose of wearing under 
 the great coat during the winter, and for drill during the Summer. I have 
 always adopted this custom for my own Regiment, and find it answers re¬ 
 markably well, for the clothing after having been worn the first year in 
 the proper form with white waistcoat, breeches *and gaiters for all duties 
 with arms, such as Review, Parade, &c., and the second, when altered into 
 neat jacket with Trowsers for exercise, is still able to answer the third for 
 all purposes of Fatigue and when the men are employed on Kings work. 
 
 The Detachment under the command of Lieut. Eccles seems to he 
 composed of very fine men, and I have no doubt but by the spring, I shall 
 be able to return them to you so well instructed in every the most minute 
 particular of the mode I wish to be rendered general for all the Troops 
 under my command, that after they have been with you for about six 
 weeks you will he able to have the Corps in perfect readiness to stand the 
 closest inspection. 
 
 I have directed my Adjutant and Quarter Master to give every possible 
 information to Captain Clopper, in order that during the winter he may 
 be enabled to instruct the Regiment in many points in which they may 
 differ from the present method. As there is none in which they are so 
 out of the way as in the Hair*, I request you will give the strictest orders 
 that both officers and men conform most accurately to the pattern as 
 established here, of which Captain Clopper has been made perfectly 
 acquainted. 
 
 Having nothing further to add at present, I have to conclude by sub¬ 
 scribing myself with perfect consideration and regard, very truly, 
 
 Yours &c. 
 
 Edward, 
 
 General and Commander in Chief of the 
 Forces serving in British North America. 
 
 Lieut. General Carleton, 
 
 Commanding the Forces in the Province of New Brunswick. 
 
 ♦The Duke of Kent was an exceedingly strict disciplinarian and very par¬ 
 ticular as to the appearance of the troops. 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 441 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to H. R, H. Prince Edward. 
 
 Fredericton, New Brunswick, 3d Feb. 1800. 
 
 Sir,— * * * I beg leave to mention a circumstance of 
 
 which I have hitherto had no particular occasion to inform your Royal 
 Highness, but which now suggests itself as affording an important argu¬ 
 ment in confirmation of what you have been pleased to state to the 
 Minister (Mr. Secretary Dundas) respecting Fredericton and the communi¬ 
 cation with lower Canada. One great object in view, when the seat of 
 Government was fixed here at the head of the navigation of the River St. 
 John, for vessels of any considerable size, was the promotion of the interior 
 settlement and cultivation of the country, and especially on the upper parts 
 of this River on which the extension of a chain of settlements was of such 
 obvious importance to the facility of that communication, which has so 
 deservedly engaged the attention of your Royal Highness. The beneficial 
 effects of the measure, in this view, have been very considerable. Many 
 valuable and flourishing settlements having been made in situations where 
 otherwise ’ none would probably for a long time to come have been 
 attempted. But this extension of settlement has made it necessary to be 
 the more on our guard against any hostile disposition among the savages, 
 symptoms of which have at times appeared, and became in one instance so 
 alarming to the Inhabitants as to render it necessary, before any Military 
 Posts were established above Fredericton, to make a temporary Depot of 
 provisions at one of the uppermost settlements in order that the Inhabi¬ 
 tants might have it in their power, in case of actual hostility, to assemble 
 and keep together for their defence till they should be supported from 
 below.* 
 
 I have the honor to be, &c. &c. 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Captain Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, February 3, 1800. 
 
 My dear Winslow,— * * * 
 
 The Duke returned on Saturday, what he has been about so much 
 longer than he had proposed I have not heard, but I am told they have 
 established Telegraphs all the way to Annapolis, so that there was a con¬ 
 tinual communication kept up of ordering and counter orders while he was 
 away even to the approval of courts martial and ordering the men to be 
 flogged. I was at the Barracks on Saturday to pay a visit to Col. Burrows 
 when on looking out the window I saw preparations making that I did not 
 
 *The original of this letter is a rough draft in the hand writing of the pro¬ 
 vincial secretary, Hon. Jonathan Odell, by whom it was no doubt written by 
 desire of General Carleton. It expresses the sentiments of those who favored 
 the selection of St. Anne’s as the site of the capital of the province of New 
 Brunswick. 
 
442 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 understand, on asking what it meant the Col. told me it was a punishment 
 going on. Expressing my surprize at it during the Duke’s absence, I was 
 told the men were to he flogged by Telegraph. So though an hundred 
 miles ofl, the Duke still was acquainted with what was going on, and giv¬ 
 ing orders the same as usual. You will have this mode of communication 
 all the way to Fredericton very soon. I hear it is to be communicated 
 across from the high grounds hack of Cornwallis to the Isle of Haut, thence 
 towards Pleasant Valley*. I suppose our friend Leonard will have one 
 atop of his windmill. 
 
 I shall enquire of Benning Wentworth, who is Pay Master to the Nova 
 Scotia Eegiment, of the state of Tom’s affairs, hut I have but little hopes 
 at present as I know the old debts here, that I am responsible for, have 
 never been settled. * * * 
 
 D’l Lyman. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Colonel Lutwyche. 
 
 Kingsclear, New Brunswick, 4th March 1800. 
 
 My dear Lutwyche,—When I originally suggested my ideas relative to 
 the Quit rents in this country, I was impressed with the sentiment that an 
 emergency of Government actually existed, and that every part of His 
 Majesty’s Dominions would he required to pay its proportion towards de¬ 
 fraying the publick expences. Under this impression it was natural for 
 those of us who are interested in the prosperity of this province to inouire 
 in what way we might (with least inconvenience to ourselves) pay our pro¬ 
 portion? Experience had taught us that voluntary contributions would 
 not answer the purpose. We saw with concern that the Loyal and ambi¬ 
 tious were making sacrifices beyond their abilities' and that the factious 
 and mercenary part of the community avoided all connection with the 
 subscriptions. We knew that it was impracticable to form a fund by tax¬ 
 ing articles of commerce, for, in the present state of the country, taxes are 
 not sufficiently productive to answer the internal exigencies of the prov¬ 
 ince. The Quit-rents therefore appeared to i\< ihe only equitable tax 
 which could be of service. 
 
 In my last I observed that the payment of this rent is part of the con- 
 
 * Sussex Vale was formerly known as “Pleasant Valley.” 
 
 ■(•Subscriptions in New Brunswick towards the national defence , fund were 
 very liberal, particularly on the part of the half-pay officers and public men. 
 See Lawrence’s Foot Prints, p. 11, and also newspapers of the year 1798. The 
 patriotic fund was started in England, and in a short time a sum amounting 
 to £3,000,000 sterling was raised by voluntary subscription. New Brunswick, 
 with a population of about 15,000, many of the people as yet struggling for the 
 bare necessaries of life, contributed $12,000 to the patriotic fund. Lieut. Governor 
 Carleton headed the list with a subscription equivalent to $2,000, Chief Justice 
 Ludlow contributed $500, Judge Saunders $250, and others in proportion. 
 
1800j 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 443 
 
 dition on the face of every patent*, and that this condition was never 
 considered as merely nominal or only as part of the form, hut that it was 
 presumed that the rent so stipulated to he paid would be demanded; and 
 the officers of Government here have invariably and industriously incul¬ 
 cated this doctrine. The appointment of Receiver General, &c., corro¬ 
 borated and confirmed this opinion, and when Mis Majesty was graciously 
 pleased to suspend the collection for a specific time, the presumption of 
 course was that the demand would be made at the expiration of that period. 
 Under the anticipation of this event lands were appreciated and sold. 
 
 The Governor and Council here, when they began to distribute lands 
 under His Majesty’s instructions, made it their first object to discharge the 
 obligations that the Government had laid itself under to the disbanded 
 officers and soldiers and other Loyalists who came to the country. To 
 accomplish this object effectually, a system was adopted which precluded 
 the issuing of patents of more than 1,000 acres to any individual (that 
 being the largest pledge to a field officer).! From that quantity down to 
 200 acres was the allowance to the various ranks of applicants. 
 
 But this arrangement of property was of short duration—a great pro¬ 
 portion of the original patentees were idle, dissipated, and capricious, and 
 as soon as they were fairly in possession of their lands and had expended 
 the bounty of Government, they sold it for a trifle to Land jobbers and 
 speculators!. Some of these purchasers now hold an extent of five or six 
 miles on the river. These great land holders are the persons who will be 
 most materially affected by the demand of Quit-rents and they can very 
 well afford to pay it, especially, as in general, the purchases were made 
 under expectation of paying it. The few non-commissioned officers and 
 
 *The terms of most of the old patents, or grants, as regards quit rents, were 
 as follows:—“A free yearly quit rent of one shilling sterling for every fifty acres, 
 “ to be paid on Michaelmas day next after the expiration of ten years from the 
 “ date of the grant, and to continue payable yearly on Michaelmas day there- 
 “ after.” 
 
 fBy proclamation of George III., dated at St. James’ Court, October 7, 1763, 
 the grants to reduced (i. e., disbanded) officers of the army and navy were 
 larger than here stated, viz., to every field officer, 5,000 acres; captain, 3,000 
 acres, subaltern or staff officer, 2,000 acres; non-commissioned officer, 200 acres; 
 private men, 50 acres. At the close of the Revolution this scale of grants was 
 materially altered; the grant to a field officer was fixed at 1,000 acres; captain 
 or subaltern, 500 acres; non-commissioned officer, 200 acres, and private soldier, 
 100 acres, with 50 acres additional for each child. 
 
 Jin an old Sunbury County Record Book the following transactions are 
 recorded:—October 14, 1783, Samuel Sullivan, soldier in the King’s American 
 Dragoons, executes a quit claim deed of his lot. No. 204, in favor of Reuben 
 Chase, for the sum of £2 currency; the lot was situate in the township of Prince 
 William, containing 100 acres; and on the same date Philip Service of same 
 corps executed a quit claim deed of his lot, No. 229, in Tihe same township, to 
 Jonathan Miles, for one guinea. On March 9, 1784, Wm. Rusiers of the Royal 
 Guides and Pioneers sold to Ensign Jonathan Brown his lot of 100 acres in Block 
 No. 3, assigned to his regiment on the east side of the St. John River, for £10. 
 
444 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 soldiers who commenced cultivation upon their lots of 200 and 300 acres 
 remain yet in possession of ’em neither increased or diminished. On 
 these people the tax of 2s. per 100 acres would not be oppressive. 
 
 There’s another order of men called old Inhabitants who ought to pay 
 the tax. They made choice of their situations before we came here and 
 they occupy the most extensive tracts of intervale. They are generally 
 from our country*. Republican principles are bred in their hones, and 
 they would he turbulent, if they dared, notwithstanding the protection and 
 all the other favours which they have received from the King’s Govern¬ 
 ment. A discerning and cautious minister may justly raise the question 
 whether in the present state of public matters, it would he policy to de¬ 
 mand a tax here? Situated as I am, I should not incline to enter largely 
 into the consideration of such a question, hut to you and other men of 
 sense, who have witnessed the rise and progress of opposition and rebel¬ 
 lion, I will venture to observe, that the instability and ill timed indul- 
 gencies of the mother country, contributed more to the establishment of 
 American independence than all their severities and restrictions. In this 
 province I have resided ever since it was created (or a province) and rather 
 before. I have witnessed all its gradations from a wilderness to its present 
 state of improvement, and I will boldly assert that I have contributed as 
 much towards its advancement and organization as any individual who 
 ever placed his foot upon the soil. I of course feel an attachment to it 
 equal to what I formerly experienced to the land of my nativity, nor could 
 I he induced by any consideration of personal benefit to urge a measure 
 which might operate as an oppression upon the people of it. * * 
 
 With respect to the time, it appears to me that the present is a favorable 
 time for the commencement of the rent; a retrospect I should presume 
 would not be attempted. * * * 
 
 Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, April 7, [1800.] 
 
 My dear friend,—I rec’d yours of the 14 & 15 ulto. by a former post, 
 but delayed answering till I could find Sir John W. quite at leisure to hear 
 the contents of your letter. This opportunity during the session of the 
 Assembly I could not so readily meet. * * * He says he had 
 
 long thought it not only a pity but a public loss that talents such as yours 
 should be buried in retirement. How to bring them forth into light and 
 to be useful had often employed his thoughts and he had always to lament 
 that no opportunity offered whereby you might he employed worth your 
 notice and attention. Should opportunity offer, he would lose not a 
 
 *That is New England. 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 445 
 
 moment in using his best interests to serve you & you would receive the 
 same support of Lady Wentworth, whose friendship for you is very great 
 & whose weight in the scale of favors is not a little. She is really a won¬ 
 derfully charming woman*. 
 
 That part of your letter concerning the plan you have digested about 
 the communication to Canada would be well received by H. R. H. the 
 Duke [of Kent] * * * * 
 
 E. Gr. Lutwyche to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Kensington, 17 May, 1800. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I had the pleasure of receiving your obliging favors of 
 1st & 4th March a few days ago & permit me to offer you my thanks for 
 your kind condolence. 
 
 Mr. Byles has returned to town much better in health; he appears to 
 be all you said of him, an amiable, worthy, sensible man. I explained to 
 him your business on which we perfectly coincided in opinion that the 
 object 1 !, involved as it was with difficulties, was not worth the pursuit. 
 There appears to be no intention of demanding the quit-rents, and if they 
 should, it would require great interest to obtain the appointment and 
 greater still to render it compatible with your half pay. Your reasoning 
 on the subject is perfectly just & such as might carry conviction; but the 
 amount is too trifling in their estimation to risque the exciting any dis¬ 
 content. * * * If you still continue a predilection for the 
 
 appointment, it will be absolutely necessary to have your application sup¬ 
 ported by some powerful friend; for great as are your merits & well founded 
 your claims, yet I am sorry to say they will avail but little unless urged by 
 a person of influence. Such a man as Mr. Watson could, if he would, carry 
 the point. He is often times very friendly, though a courtier, and after 
 the appointment if the demand of the Quit-rents was recommended by the 
 Governor and approved by such a man, it might be carried into effect. 
 ******* 
 
 I am sorry to acquaint you that your son (Murray) has changed his 
 ship and is now on board the “Termagant” sloop. Capt Apthorp appeared 
 to act from the purest motives and to have a sincere desire to serve him, 
 but some disagreement has separated them. However it is fortunate he is 
 employed, so that his time is going on to qualify him for promotion. He 
 has applied to me repeatedly for money, but considering the difficulties 
 under which you labor, and with the advice of Mr. Byles I declined it, and 
 recommended to him the most rigid economy, representing to him at the 
 
 *See biographical note under date 12th January, 1785. 
 
 fThe “object” here referred to was the procuring for Edward Winslow the 
 Office of receiver general of quit rents. 
 
446 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 same time the cruelty of pressing on you, who have so large a family to 
 support. Economy is a hard lesson to learn in youth, and I am afraid he 
 has few examples in his messmates. Young men who enter the army and 
 navy are not now expected to live on their pay; they have generally an 
 additional allowance, but his case and some others are an exception, and I 
 most sincerely hope he will regulate his conduct accordingly. 
 
 Our countryman Count Eumford is daily increasing in celebrity. He 
 has recently founded a new establishment called the Royal Institution, in¬ 
 tending to embrace the theory of the Royal Society and the practical part 
 of the Society of Arts and by uniting to render them extensively beneficial 
 to the public. All his plans have public utility and private happiness in 
 view, and they are so happily conceived and so judiciously executed that 
 he succeeds beyond even his most sanguine expectations. This plan, 
 though so extensive and attended with considerable expense, has been 
 caught at with the greatest avidity. A great number of the nobility of 
 both sexes and men of fortune are members, and notwithstanding the 
 pressure of the times large sums are subscribed. Members were at first 
 invited, but it is grown so fashionable that it is now difficult to gain admis¬ 
 sion. It is too expensive for me. [The letter gives a synopsis of events of 
 war in Europe at some length.] * * * 
 
 I am afraid I have tired you as well as myself, but I know how welcome 
 news is to persons situated as you are. Permit me to add, you never need 
 apologize for trouble you may give me when any service is in the power of, 
 my dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithful & obed’t serv’t, 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Captain Daniel Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, May 19, 1800. 
 
 Dear Winslow,— * * * I mentioned to Sir John all the 
 
 parts of the letter you desired for which he is very thankful. * * 
 
 He laments that GenT Carleton has been so sudden in giving his resigna¬ 
 tion*, he thinks with me that your conjectures are very probable that he 
 is sorry for it himself. For my part I wish he had remained, for after 
 having known him so many years, and knowing him to he a man of great 
 integrity and justice, that it is not probable we shall get a better man. 
 
 The Duke asked me twice lately, what could be the reason that the 
 General has asked to he recalled, and added that it cbuld not be on his 
 account, to which I bowed. He said it was probable it might be on ac- 
 
 *Lieut. Gov. Carleton had a misunderstanding with the Duke of Portland, 
 secretary of state. His resignation was tendered i a.nd afterwards withdrawn. 
 See Canadian Archives for 1895, at pp. 57, 58, 59. 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 447 
 
 count of Gen’l Burton being appointed to lower Canada; to this I could 
 only say that I did not know. * * * 
 
 Mrs. L. is still very low in health* hut we intend to set off for Wind¬ 
 sor in the course of a week. The news from the States looks like Jefferson 
 being chosen president, and probably then we may expect a rupture 
 between that country and Great Britain. The accounts from Europe of 
 the negotiations between France and the American envoys is said to be 
 very unfavorable to us. 
 
 The Newfoundland Reg’t have mutinied, and are to be brought to 
 Halifax, the 66th regt. go there. 
 
 A general court martial is to set at Windsor the 16th of next month 
 on Lt. Col. Robinson of the Royal Artillery, so General Bowyer tells me. 
 One is now sitting here to try Lieut. Desbrisay of the Artillery for refusing 
 to be drilled with a firelock by a sergeant of the Fusiliers. 
 
 I hope with you that a new blaze of prosperity will open to you after 
 this dark cloud, which you have so long felt. No one of your many 
 friends will rejoice more at this event than myself. My best wishes attend 
 you. I shall hope to see you in a fortnight. 
 
 I am with great regard 
 
 Yours most truly, 
 
 D. Lyman. 
 
 P. S. Putnam has just wrote me that H. R. H. has been pleased to 
 appoint Mr. Phairt to be Deputy Barrack Master with an increase of 2s. 6d. 
 per day to his pay; of this event I wish him joy. 
 
 Mather Byles Jr. to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Cheltenham, 27th May, 1800. 
 
 I fear my dear Sir that my reputation as a correspondent will be very 
 much on the decay before this reaches you, and to say the truth I am half 
 ashamed at dating my first English letters to you six months from the 
 time of my arrival. * * * 
 
 Col. Lutwyche showed me the letter to him which you mention, and 
 I had a full conversation with him on the subject of your memorial to the 
 Duke of Portland. I find what interest he has is wholly at the Secretary 
 of State’s office, and that he has never had any communication with the 
 
 *A provincial newspaper of this year contains the following obituary 
 notice:—“Died on Sunday, the 28th September, 1800, at Fredericton, lamented by 
 her friends, Statira, the wife of Capt. Daniel Lyman, aged 45 years. 
 
 •(•Andrew Phair, who had served as lieutenant and adjutant in Arnold’s 
 American Legion. He was postmaster at Fredericton, says Sabine. His son, 
 William Barry Phair, was ensign in the King’s New Brunswick Regiment, and 
 afterwards was postmaster at Fredericton from 1825 until his death in 1853. 
 
448 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1800 
 
 Treasury. It is from the latter that a Commission for the Receiver of 
 Quit Rents would issue were one appointed for New Brunswick. * * 
 
 It seems his Grace is averse to the collection of the quit rents for two 
 reasons—the smallness of the sum, and the discontents it might occasion. 
 The former objection might in some measure be removed by making it a 
 general regulation for British North America, and indeed it must take 
 place generally if it take place at all, for it would never do to collect them 
 in one province and exempt another; but the second objection is of a nature 
 not to be removed by individual representations here however forcible they 
 may appear. * * * 
 
 I regret very much that the Nova Scotia fleet had sailed before I got 
 your last letter, as it prevented me from complying with your request in 
 favor of my god daughter*, to whom I am indebted for her very kind letter 
 of October last. Before I leave England I will endeavor to forward a 
 small selection which may be of use to her and her sisters. My present 
 intention is to pass the remainder of the year here and then, if I find my 
 health sufficiently confirmed, return to my duty in Grenada, for as to any 
 provision out of the West Indies I see no opening for it. I hope too, “for 
 hope attends us still,” to get strong enough to stand another tug with 
 the climate for some years without quite sacrificing the whole of my liver, 
 and if I can do this there is much in every point of view to invite me back 
 again t. The present holiday is in the meantime highly grateful to me as 
 it gives me an apportunity of enlarging my acquaintance with the world 
 and rambling for a few months over a cultivated and luxurious country. 
 
 I hope by this time you have an additional regiment at New Bruns¬ 
 wick, and that the establishment, made with so much expense at Frederic¬ 
 ton, is prevented by it from going to decay. If we are to retain Canada 
 the channel of communication with it must of course be cultivated, and I 
 think in this country it is the point of light in which they will naturally 
 view the question after an adequate protection is given to St. Johns, which 
 has little to fear until the politics of America alter. 
 
 Mrs. Byles is well and begs the kindest acknowledgements for your 
 remembrance of her; make an affectionate mention of us to every body at 
 home, and believe me my dear Sir, with sincere attachment. 
 
 Your faithful 
 
 Mather Byles. 
 
 *The reference is to Edward Winslow’s daughter Hannah. 
 fMather Byles returned to Grenada, hut the climate proved too trying for 
 him, and he died less than three years later. 
 
449 
 
 1800] WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Lieut. 0. H. Clements to Major Murray, or Officer Commanding the King’s 
 1ST. B. Regt. 
 
 Sussex Yale, 31st May, 1800. 
 
 Sir,—On the evening of the 29th inst. Sergt. McFarling arrived at 
 this place from Cape Chignecto, where he left Mr. Schwartz with his Party 
 erecting the Telegraph and necessary buildings at that place. From Mr. 
 Schwartz letter he expects that the officer commanding the Detachment 
 has every necessary implement (such as glasses, axes, compasses, spades, 
 pickaxes,) for forwarding the erection of the Telegraph from Martin’s 
 Head (the high land on this side of the Bay) to Sussex Yale, tho’ at the 
 same time don’t appear to he aware of the difficulty there will he in trans¬ 
 porting those things a Distance of 20 miles through a wild and woody 
 country—for this is about the Distance from my quarter to Martin’s 
 Head. I shall endeavor to get a few axes at this place and send Sergt. Mc¬ 
 Farling with a party to commence clearing the gap that may be necessary 
 on Martin’s Head. A Glass of a very superior kind is necessary, without 
 which you will not he able to see across the Bay at that place, the distance 
 being seventeen miles. 
 
 * * * * * * * 
 
 I have the honor to be with respect. 
 
 Your very obed’t serv’t 
 
 O. H. Clements* Ens. 
 
 Commanding Sussex Party. 
 
 Dr. John Caleff to Major Hailes. 
 
 Saint Andrews, 23rd June, 1800. 
 
 Sir,—I wish to mention to you for the information of General Carle- 
 ton, that there hath been upwards of Three Hundred persons inoculated 
 with small-pox in this Town & neighborhood, within about five weeks past, 
 and are all doing vpry well, except a Miss of five years, so refractory as to 
 refuse medicine and even drink, and deceased the 7th day of eruption. 
 Mr. Lindsay’s! and three other families have been shut up by reason of 
 their spouses being in circumstances not proper to receive the small-pox, 
 one of the familys was inoculated 3 days ago, and expect to inoculate the 
 rest on the morrow. 
 
 *Obadiah H. Clements was gazetted ensign in the King’s New Brunswick 
 Regiment in December, 1795. He was the eldest son of Captain Peter Clements 
 of the King’s American Regiment, and was born on the banks of the Hudson. 
 In 1782 he entered his father’s company as a volunteer and served through the 
 war. The family settled in the parish of Douglas, York County. After the 
 disbanding of the regiment in 1802, Ensign Clements went to the West Indies, 
 where he died the next year of yellow fever. 
 
 fNinian Lindsay was for some years a member of the house of assembly 
 for the County of Charlotte. 
 
45Q» 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 The disorder among women, and babes at the Breast, bath been of 
 the lymphatic kind, and of course very troublesome, the subjects had 
 dieted for more than a month (which to me proves erroneous) and but few 
 had any symptoms till the 13th day after inoculation, and as low a state 
 as some persons had brought themselves I found it necessary to give more 
 Physick than to those who had not dieted even a day. 
 
 The people of St. Stephens keep a constant guard against any per¬ 
 sons going among them that may endanger their taking the Infection, as 
 they say it would ruin their sawing and fishery, hut mean to take it by and 
 by, where are about 300 persons not having had the disorder. * * * 
 
 I pray you Sir to present my high respects to the General and hope 
 to have the honor to do so personally ere His Excellency may leave the 
 province, which Report says he certainly will do by and by. 
 
 I have the honor to be with the greatest esteem. 
 
 Sir, your most obedient & most humble serv’t, 
 
 - John Caleff*. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Fredericton, 24th June, 1800. 
 
 Hear Sir,— * * * I enclose a paragraph of Mr. Knox’s 
 
 letter in which he suggests that there is a probability that the Boundarv 
 between us and the United States will soon be settled. For many reasons 
 an adjustment of this interesting business would be desirable, but I 
 acknowledge that my anxiety to see it concluded is increased by the con¬ 
 sideration that the great object contemplated by His Royal Highness the 
 Duke of Kent will be thereby facilitated. It is I think impossible that 
 the present negotiation can terminate in anything short of realizing and 
 securing an unbroken and uninterrupted communication with Canada, 
 which is so obviously essential to the safety and prosperty of these Prov¬ 
 inces. But whether this takes place or not, it strikes me that the operation 
 which has been commenced under His R. IPs orders should not be sus¬ 
 pended. 
 
 * * * The Commissioners who determined what river was 
 
 the St. Croix truly intended by the Treaty of peace, could not proceed a 
 step farther than the scource of that river; Indeed, by the additional 
 article they were prevented even from ascertaining the Latitude & Longi¬ 
 tude of the source. * * * Should the pending negotiation 
 
 end differently from what Knox has suggested, and an exchange of pro¬ 
 perty, Madawaska for Moose Island, &c, not be affected; then while we 
 remain at amity with the United States they cannot forbid or prevent 
 passage though a tract of country so situated; it would be directly against 
 their interests &c. If a rupture takes place between us and the United 
 
 *See biographical note under date Nov. 30, 1784. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 451 
 
 1800] 
 
 States we must have the road if we fight for it. So that let us anticipate 
 either of these events and the expediency of the measure becomes evident. 
 So fluctuating are American politics that we cannot reason upon them with 
 uny degree of safety. From present appearances we should suppose that 
 the southern States are inclined to form such an alliance with France as 
 must end in a quarrel with Great Britain. In which ease the union will 
 probably be divided and a connexion with the Eastern States will he more 
 firmly cemented, for those States have every inducement to keep on good 
 terms with Great Britain. But what I mean is that should a war take 
 place with all the United States, Madawaska must share the fate of the 
 rest of New Brunswick, for that district cannot be held by the Americans 
 or any other power unless the whole province is conquered. 
 
 If the military posts are established agreeable to what I understand 
 to be His Koyal Highness’ intention, they can be defended against any 
 enemy that will ever approach ’em. Suppose the Americans were at 
 variance with us and embittered by the effects of war, can we imagine that 
 they would undertake to march an army from Penobscot to Madawaska 
 merely for the purpose: of attacking a fortress and destroying an inconsid- 
 able settlement, which they must abandon immediately, for the support 
 of an army in such a situation would be impracticable. 
 
 The enterprising Arnold, with great and important objects in view, 
 sacrificed a party of chosen Americans in a march less arduous perhaps 
 than the one referred to. In short the apprehension of such an event is 
 a bugbear. Viewing the subject in every light in which it is possible to 
 place it, we discern the magnitude of the object while the obstacles which 
 timid minds have imagined vanish before us. 
 
 In making these observations (which I dare say have all occurred to 
 Your Excellency’s own mind) I go on the presumption that no other route 
 can be found except that which has been recently explored by Mr. Camp¬ 
 bell.* I form this opinion not from local attachment but from well 
 digested information. 
 
 I consider the project of a land communication from Nova Scotia with 
 Canada by the way of the Bay of Chaleurs to be visionary and impracti¬ 
 cable. If the road is pursued thro’ the present settlements on this river 
 the expence of the undertaking will be materially lessened. There is no 
 doubt but that the Government here will make every exertion to compleat 
 a road as far as the settlement extends, and that encouragement will be 
 offered to settlers along the remaining part of it, which without a road 
 cannot be kept open. This is a measure in which I trust all parties and 
 descriptions of men will unite. * * 
 
 ♦The reference is to Dugald Campbell. See biographical note under date 
 22nd Augt., 1791. 
 
452 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 S. Jarvis to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Post Office, Fredericton, July 10th, 1800. 
 
 Sir,—Enclosed I send you the postage account for the quarter ending 
 the 24th June last for the public letters, belonging to His Excellency Gen¬ 
 eral Carleton, Major Brigade Hailes, and yourself, and I beg leave to 
 observe that unless the postage is regularly paid at the end of each quarter 
 I cannot defray the expences of my Office. 
 
 You will please to notice that I hold my commission as Post Master 
 upon the express condition, that I do regularly transmit the amount of the 
 postage of all letters, together with the ballance due to the General Post 
 Office at the end of each quarter. 
 
 The Ballance due from my office, to the General Post Office for the 
 quarter ending the 6th inst. amounts to upwards of Sixty pounds, and 
 which I cannot pay, until I receive the money for the postages of the public 
 letters delivered to the several departments in this district; besides which, 
 I have already advanced to the Courier upwards of forty pounds of my own 
 money in order to carry on the Service; another quarter is now due him, 
 and it was with some difficulty that I could prevail on him to wait until 
 he returned from the [Grand] Falls before I paid his demand, and should 
 I fail to discharge his account on his return, I am apprehensive I shall find 
 much difficulty in forwarding his Majesty’s Mails. 
 
 I beg you will lay this matter before His Excellency General Carleton, 
 who will, no doubt, give such directions as may be found necessary for my 
 relief in this embarrassed situation. 
 
 I have the honor to be. Sir, 
 
 Your very obed’t hum. Servant 
 
 S. Jarvis,* Post Master. 
 
 Major Hailes to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 13th July, 1800. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I arrived here on Friday Evening from Windsor, 
 and yesterday had a most gracious reception and audience from His Royal 
 Highness. The sentences on the Brevet Lt. Colonel and Captain Clinch 
 I suppose you will receive officially by this post, they are, as I supposed 
 they would be, both acquitted. The Duke was pleased to say he hoped 
 this would be the last time I should be troubled on such business, and that 
 he thought the best method of putting an end to such troublesome litiga¬ 
 tion was to bring the parties to this province. Colonel Robinson & myself 
 are to have the honor of dining with him (the Duke of Kent) to-morrow. 
 To-day we dine at Brindley’s, when we are to meet Sir John & Lady Went- 
 
 *See biographical note under date October 11, 1784. 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 453 
 
 worth. All your old friends make particular enquiries about you. The 
 Commissary is directed to charter a vessel to take us all hack from Windsor; 
 and the Telegraph is to announce when there is one ready, and as there 
 were several expected there from Saint John I hope we shall get away 
 sometime this week. If not I intend, if permitted, to return by the way of 
 Annapolis, as the Bishop has given me a very pressing invitation to go to 
 his house. * * The Duke asked me if Gen’l Carleton was going 
 
 home to England, my answer was of course I did not know, nor do I find 
 anything is known here respecting our Government, and as it has been now 
 so long since anything has been said on the subject, I hope and trust it will 
 all blow over. Your son Tom will, I hope, long before this reaches you, 
 have got home. He sailed from Windsor, at which place he arrived the 
 night before from Halifax, on Friday morning in company with Mr. 
 Simondson. Pidgeon* is here and I think much better, he complains a 
 good deal, & is under Doct. Halliburton’s care. Numerous are the enquir¬ 
 ies after you and Chipman. * * * If I had your talent I 
 
 could describe a great deal, hut as it is it must remain until we meet. As 
 I have nothing to communicate to the General but what he will see by the 
 orders, I shall not trouble him with a letter, but I beg that you will assure 
 him I shall return to my duty as expeditiously as possible. To-morrow I 
 intend paying a visit of business to the Secretary, who is a very polite man. 
 Putnam tells me all the cash accounts of the Barrack Office for March are 
 returned. He says the confusion (occasioned by Tom Coffint having left 
 this) in the settlement of the public accounts is not to he described, nor 
 does he know or see how it is to be remedied, as the man acting for him 
 is perfectly new in the business. * * * 
 
 Adieu, my best regards to Mrs. Winslow, your family and all friends 
 about you. Tell William Hazen I have made particular enquiries and find 
 both Pay Masters & Surgeons wear every part of the military dress as 
 ordered, except the Gorget. 
 
 Most faithfully and affectionately. 
 
 Yours ever, 
 
 H. W. Hailes. 
 
 *Rev. George Pidgeon, who is here referred to, was appointed rector of 
 Fredericton on the death of Rev. Dr. Cooke in 1795. He was born in Kilkenny, 
 Ireland, in 1761, and graduated at Trinity College, Dublin. He had a commission 
 in the army, and at the close of the American Revolution came to Halifax, and 
 at the instance of Bishop Inglis, studied for the ministry. He married the 
 youngest daughter of the bishop. Upon the death of the Rev. Dr. Byles he 
 succeeded him as rector of Trinity church in St. John. He died May 6, 1818, aged 
 57 years, and is buried in the old grave yard in St. John. He was for several 
 years in feeble health. > 
 
 fThomas Aston Coffin had been paymaster of army contingencies at Halifax 
 while Edward Winslow was employed in a similar capacity at Fredericton. See 
 the biographical note on Thos. A. Coffin under date 6th June, 1784. 
 
454 WINSLOW PAPERS. T1800 
 
 Dugald Campbell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 14th July, 1800. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I had the honor of receiving your friendly communication 
 of the 30th ultimo from the hands of His Excellency Sir John Wentworth, 
 for which testimony of your kindness he pleased to accept my thankful 
 acknowledgements. 
 
 The importance of the proposed military communication through New 
 Brunswick to Canada seems to be universally felt and acknowledged, and 
 a coincidence of opinion from a Gentlemen of such distinguished informa¬ 
 tion and ability is to me very highly gratifying. I am very sorry to have 
 to acquaint you however, that the idea seems (I hope only for the present) 
 to be abandoned, as the breach formed by the projection of a part of the 
 American territory in the best and perhaps the only practicable route for 
 that purpose, appears to be an insuperable bar. 
 
 I have done everything in my power to demonstrate the practicability 
 as well as the usefulness of the measure, and have succeeded to my own 
 conviction at least. I should therefore have been happy to conduct the 
 carrying of it into effect and pledge myself for its happy accomplishment, 
 inasmuch as it was with me the design first originated here, or, at least, it 
 was on my suggestion that it started into operation. 
 
 The approbation of my friends on this occasion is to me a great satis¬ 
 faction, and of none greater than of ypurs, and in any situation in which \ 
 may be placed I assure you Sir that I will do everything in my power 
 to merit your consideration and regard. 
 
 I am very respectfully, Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient & most humble serv’t, 
 
 D. Campbell. 
 
 Signal Station on Partridge Island. 
 
 St. John, 14th July, 1800. 
 
 Estimate of the expense of Erecting a Wooden Building for Six Men 
 near the Signal Staff on Partridge Island, Size of the Building 14 feet 
 
 by 16. 
 
 Carpenter’s Work.£11. 5.0 
 
 Mason’s Do..... 0.15.0 
 
 Glazier’s Do. 0. 3.0 
 
 Working Parties (laborers) . ....... 1. 0.0 
 
 -£13.3.0 
 
 Materials: Seventeen Hundred feet of Boards, Six Hundred feet of 
 Scantling, One Thousand Shingles, Thirty Six lbs 20d. Nails, Fifteen lbs 
 6d. Do., One pair of Hinges & Hooks, Twelve Squares of Glass 8 by 10, 
 One H’hd. of Lime, Two Loads of Sand, Half a lb. of Putty. 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 455 
 
 Amount of Materials,.£12.6.6 
 
 Submitted by 
 
 W. Bartlet, Capt. Commanding R. Engineers. 
 
 Recommended 
 
 Thos. Carleton, 
 
 Lieut. General Commanding. 
 
 Approved. 
 
 General & Commander in Chief 
 of His Majesty’s Forces serving 
 in British North America. 
 
 [Note. Three weeks after the date of the above the Duke of Kent 
 sailed for England and did not again return to Nova Scotia.] 
 
 Memo, of Captain W. Bartlet, Commanding Engineer. 
 
 July 19, 1800. 
 
 If the General [Carleton] wishes to know the distance of the different 
 stations they are as follows: 
 
 From Partridge Island to the high ground near Cape Mispec, 4 miles. 
 From the high ground near Cape Mispec to Cape Musquash, 12 1-2 miles. 
 From Cape Musquash to point LePro, 13 miles. From Point LePro to the 
 south end of the southern Wolf (the best situation upon them for a look 
 out down the Bay), 17 miles. 
 
 The land at Point LePro is very low and on the Wolves too low for 
 the distance. 
 
 Dr. John Caleff to Colonel Hailes. 
 
 Saint John, 24th July, 1800. 
 
 Sir,—Sometime back I did myself the honor to write a letter to you 
 & enclosed a bottle containing a thread of pockmatter which if not made 
 use of I can get some fresh matter in this City and will send it if wanted, 
 and should have much pleasure in assisting any of your family or friends 
 thro’ the small-pox. 
 
 I have the satisfaction to mention, Sir, that upwards of 500 persons 
 in the town of St. Andrews & its neighborhood have had the small-pox 
 since May last in the natural way and by inoculation, and but three only 
 may be said to have died with small-pox, and those were refractory chil¬ 
 dren that would take no food other than what they chose, and no medicine 
 
456 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 whatever; four others have died, hut their deaths were after they had gotten 
 over the small-pox. In this business I have had the assistance of Madam 
 Pagan,* Colo. Wyer, j Henry Brown. { Esq’r, &c, who performed the opera¬ 
 tion both in their own family and that of some of their friends, but were 
 thrown back in several cases where the Disorder ran high, which gave much 
 trouble to a Physician, by their setting out ignorantly in treating the dis¬ 
 ease; several of their adult patients were incrusted as with a coat of mail, 
 and when the crust fell off their appearance was like unto flea’d Rabbits, 
 but recovered. 
 
 In obedience to His Excellency Lt. General Carleton’s orders, I am 
 returned to my post at this place, leaving my family at St. Andrews, as 
 Mrs. Caleff hath been long confined with nervous complaints and female 
 weaknesses, which of late put on an appearance of an ulcer in utero, which 
 generally degenerate to a cancer, and my Daughter Susan for some time 
 past hath an Hoemoptisis, and are both so weak as not to be able to bear 
 a journey and no medical assistance (now) in the County of Charlotte. 
 
 His Excellency the Governor having afforded me so many indulgences 
 that it would be an ill grace in me to ask a further favor; I wish to do fhe 
 duty of my station faithfully and be as useful to mankind as my ability 
 will admit the few remaining days of my Pilgrimage on earth. Yet you 
 will my good Sir allow me to request you to devolve in your mind the state 
 of my family and the importance of my service to the Garrison at this 
 present, and should you think well of it, I will thank you to ask the General 
 for further leave for me to reside at Saint Andrews, but if otherwise I bow 
 before the General and humbly yield obedience. 
 
 I am Sir, with a high sense of all your goodness to me, 
 
 your most obedient and most humble servant, 
 
 John Caleff. 
 
 [Note: The surgeon of the King’s 1ST. B. Reg’t at this time was Dr. 
 Charles Earle. Dr. John Caleff was the surgeon of the Garrison at St. 
 Johns, or surgeon of the General Hospital, New Brunswick. Dr. Caleff’s 
 wife and daughter grew worse, and about the end of October, 1800, the 
 doctor by permission of Gen’l Catleton went to visit them.! 
 
 *Wife of Robert Pagan, Esq., who was a native of North Britain and during 
 the Revolution lived at Penobscot. At the peace of 1783 he came to St. Andrews 
 with his family, where he was for years a leading merchant and magistrate. 
 He represented Charlotte County in the house of assembly from the formation 
 of the province and for many years afterwards, and died at St. Andrews in 
 1821, aged 71 years, universally respected and deeply regretted. 
 
 fThomas Wyer had been a customs officer at Falmouth (now Portland), in 
 Maine. He was one of the founders of St. Andrews and the first sheriff of 
 Charlotte County. He died in 1824, in the 80th year of his age. His son was 
 Lieut. Col. Thomas Wyer, whose daughter married' Rev. S. D. Lee Street, rector 
 of Woodstock, N. B. For further particulars of the elder Thomas Wyer, see 
 collections of N. B. Hist. Soc., Vol. I., pp. 363, 364. 
 
 I Henry B. Brown was a man of good education and for many years registrar 
 of deeds and wills for Charlotte county. 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 457 
 
 Thomas Wyer to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saint Andrews, 13th August, 1800. 
 
 DT Sir,—When lately at St. John I took the liberty to mention to Mr. 
 Leonard the expectation I had from seniority of being appointed to the 
 ■vacancy of one of the Justices of the Common Pleas for this county in the 
 Ecom of the late Mr. Currey* I take the liberty from the friendship I 
 trust you have for me, from our acquaintance in early life, to address you 
 on the same subject. 
 
 Mr. Owent and Mr. James Campbell, having lately left the Province 
 on private affairs, it is not probable either of them will be thought of for 
 the appointment. Your own feelings will easily excuse me for saying that 
 my mortification will be very great if passing over these a Magistrate junior 
 to me should be appointed over my head. My residence in the country 
 ever since its formation, the active part I took in inducing and assisting 
 the Loyalists from Penobscot to settle here and in obtaining Grants of land 
 for them at Halifax, my holding a commission of the Peace since the year 
 1784; and I trust I may add that my Publick conduct ever since the com¬ 
 mencement of this settlement I would fain hope will be a sufficient induce¬ 
 ment to His Excellency not to mortify me by the appointment of any Per¬ 
 son over my head; the anxiety I feel on this occasion has induced me thus 
 to address you. I trust you will so far participate in my feelings as to 
 excuse the liberty I have taken and to befriend me in Council on the 
 occation. 
 
 I have wrote to this purpose to Mr. Leonard. 
 
 I have the honor to be with esteem. Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient humble serv’t, 
 
 Thos. Wyer. 
 
 William Kobertson, Asst’t Deputy Commissary and Storekeeper General, 
 to Edward Winslow, Military Secretary, at Fredericton. 
 
 St. John, Hew Brunswick, 14th September, 1800. 
 
 Sir,—In compliance with your letter of the 7th instant, I have the 
 honor to enclose an estimate of the expence of sundry materials required 
 for the erecting of a Telegraph and a wooden building to contain six men 
 
 *John Curry came to America from Ireland and settled as a trader at Saco, 
 Maine. He came to Passamaquoddy in 1770, was made a justice of the peace 
 in 1774, and lived for a time at Campobello. See St. Croix Courier Hist. Series, 
 No. XLIII. He carried on a trading and lumbering business, that was quite 
 extensive in its day, at Digdeguash. He was loyal to the crown throughout 
 the War of the Revolution. He had business transactions with Hazen, Simonds 
 and White at St. John. 
 
 fDavid Owen of Campobello was at one time a representative for Charlotte 
 Counity in the house of assembly; he was also an active magistrate. For full 
 information concerning him and the Owen family see Dr. W. F. Ganong’s article 
 in Collections of the N. B. Hist. Soc., p. 217, &c. 
 
458 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEKS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 at nine different Posts between this and Fredericton, as also for the expence 
 of transporting provisions to the same. 
 
 Wm. Robertson. 
 
 General Carleton’s Observations. 
 
 Feb. 10, 1802. 
 
 As regards the establishing of Telegraphic communication from St. 
 John to Fredericton and on the sea coast at Cape Musquash, Point LePro, 
 and on the southern Wolf, the orders of H. R. H. would have been un¬ 
 doubtedly a full justification to Gen’l Carleton for incurring the expence, 
 and the General’s duty and inclination would have prompted him to have 
 paid implicit obedience to the commands of H. R. H., but on the present 
 occasion the General was compelled to avail himself of that experience 
 which he had acquired by a long residence here, and to take into consider¬ 
 ation a number of local & peculiar circumstances which he presumed might 
 not have been clearly pointed out to H. R. R. and which must have ren¬ 
 dered useless and ineffectual any effort to carry on such a communication 
 here. The Fogs in the Bay of Fundy during the principal part of the 
 summer are so thick and impenetrable that objects cannot be discovered 
 even at very small distances. The Telegraphic stations were necessarily 
 so far apart as not to be visible from each other except in clear weather. 
 Some of ’em were to be fixed on prominences in the Bay formed entirely of 
 rocks. From these inhospitable spots it would have been almost impossible 
 to prevent desertions, especially as the American vessels are constantly 
 fishing in the Bay and might take them off with the utmost facility. An 
 instance of the kind happened on the coast of Nova Scotia with a sergeant 
 and party of the 66th Reg’t in July, 1800, who never were recovered. 
 
 Nine stations were required between F’ton and St. John, most of these 
 were taken on heights difficult of access and not cleared. It was therefore 
 necessary not only to clear away places for erecting the buildings, but also 
 to open views thro’ forests, in some instances of considerable extent. These 
 expences were not anticipated when the estimates were formed. But an 
 objection more forcible than all the other remains to be mentioned. A 
 hundred men (at least) would be required to attend such a chain of tele¬ 
 graphs as was contemplated, and as the General had no other Troops under 
 his command but the New Brunswick Regiment, which then consisted of 
 about 290 effective men, he could not have furnished the complement for 
 the Telegraphs without abandoning some of the most important posts in 
 the province, and changing the whole distribution of the troops. 
 
 Some of the stations too were taken on Ground belonging to individ¬ 
 uals, who would have required compensation for the inconveniences which 
 must have resulted to them from carrying on these services on ground 
 
1800] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 459 
 
 which, had been secured to them by his Majesty’s patent, and which in 
 several instances had been cleared and cultivated with great labour and 
 expence. 
 
 Henry Nase to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Westfield, 23rd October, 1800. 
 
 My dear Colonel,—In March, 1799, I memorialled His Excellency the 
 Governor for some back Lots surveyed fifteen or sixteen years ago for some 
 Negroes, which they have never settled—in front of which I possess a small 
 lot of 100 acres directly opposite Col. Coffins. From the evacuated state 
 of this settlement, I am under the necessity of abandoning the situation I 
 have occupied for fourteen years past, and am building on the lot in front 
 of this vacant Land. * * * 
 
 If you will have the goodness to undertake the business for me and 
 procure a Grant I shall be forever obliged besides paying every expence it 
 may be attended with. It is not without real concern that I give you this 
 trouble, but it is of the utmost consequence that I should have a Grant 
 before I proceed any further with my Buildings, as I am already consider¬ 
 ably embarrassed and have a large family to support. The number of Lots 
 applied for I think was seven, but if more could be obtained I should be 
 very glad. I have four fine boys and have no other way of providing for 
 them but learn them to work and make them farmers. I am sensible I 
 take a great liberty, but I hope my circumstances and my situation will 
 plead my excuse—be assured if it ever lies in my power I shall be as ready 
 as I have ever been to execute your commands. 
 
 I remain with respect, my dear Colonel, 
 
 Your faithful and obedient servant, 
 
 Henry Nase. 
 
 Governor Fanning to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Prince Edward Island, 27th Oct., 1800. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I trust you will believe me sincere when I assure you I 
 was made exceedingly happy by the receipt of your friendly and obliging 
 letter by the return of Mr. Wentworth. The information you gave me 
 respecting yourself and your numerous & amiable family was infinitely 
 more interesting to my private feelings & friendly wishes than you can 
 imagine. I should be exceedingly happy to have it in my power to pay you 
 a visit and note the change which seventeen years had made in the families 
 and persons of my friends in New Brunswick, as well as in the cultivation 
 and improvement in the face of a country which I thought capable of great 
 alterations, from the advantages of soil and situation on inland Rivers the 
 
460 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1800-1 
 
 finest I had ever beheld; and my partiality in favor of its inhabitants 
 redoubles my wishes to see it again. 
 
 I am well pleased to hear yon cheerily philosophize on the want of 
 money. I hope you and yours may never know the want of those com¬ 
 forts & enjoyments which are the only use and benefit of it. And with 
 your happy disposition and abilities I trust you never will. * * 
 
 As Mr. Wentworth found himself superseded as Attorney General* on 
 his return to this Island by the King’s appointment of Mr. Macgowan, who 
 had acted under my appointment since the dismissal of Mr. Aplin, he has 
 taken it into his head to be displeased with me, and consequently has given 
 me no information about any of our old friends in New Brunswick. Pray 
 make amends by being more particular about yourself, family & friends in 
 your next letter, & you will infinitely gratify and oblige, my dear Winslow, 
 Your truly sincere & affectionate Friend, 
 
 Edm’d Fanning. 
 
 Military Staff & Departments at Fredericton. 
 
 September 24, 1801. 
 
 His Excellency Thomas Carleton, Lieut, GeuT Commanding. 
 
 Captain Harris Wm. Hailes,! Brigade Major, 
 
 Bealing S. Williams,! Clerk to Brigade Major, 
 
 Lieutenant Robert Hazen, Aide de Camp, 
 
 Col. Edward Winslow, Military Secretary, 
 
 Edward W. Miller, |j Office Keeper to Military Secretary, 
 
 Captain Charles Wm. Rudyard, Commanding Royal Engineers, 
 
 *See Canadian Archives for 1895 under P. E. I., pp. 80, 81. Joseph Aplin, the 
 previous attorney general, had his peculiarities of disposition and temper; he 
 quarrelled violently with Lieut. Governor Fanning and his council. He resigned 
 his seat in the council, and was dismissed from his position as attorney general, 
 which he had held for ten years. Fanning desired to appoint Mr. Wentworth 
 as his successor, but the Duke of Portland, secretary of state, decided that the 
 vacancy should be filled by the appointment of Peter Magowan; Wentworth 
 remonstrated without avail. 
 
 fHarris William Hailes married the oldest daughter of Colonel Stephen 
 Miller, cousin of Col. Winslow. He had one son, Harris Hailes, who became a 
 lieutenant colonel in the English army. In 1816-17 the elder Harris W. Hailes 
 was administrator of government, with the title of president and commander in 
 chief. At the time of Edward Winslow’s absence from home in connection with 
 the international boundary arbitration in 1796-98, and again when he went to 
 England in 1804, Harris W. Hailes was most kind in his attentions to the Wins¬ 
 low family. 
 
 J Bealing Stephen Williams was born in Cornwall and came to Nova Scotia, 
 a clerk in the navy, in 1779. He settled in Cumberland, where he taught school 
 and was married, removing thence to Fredericton, where he passed the last 39 
 years of his life as a school master. He was an accomplished penman and an 
 expert in arithmetic and the elementary mathematics. He died September 14, 
 1829, aged 75 years. 
 
 || See note under date October 6th, 1798, in this book. Biographical notes 
 respecting others mentioned in the above list will be found by turning to the 
 index at the end of the book. 
 
1801J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 461 
 
 William King, Clerk to Officer Commanding Royal Engineers, 
 Andrew Rainsford, Asst. Deputy Barrack Master General, 
 Andrew Phair, Deputy Barrack Master, 
 
 Lieut. John Jenkins, Acting Fort Major, 
 
 John Atchison, Town Sergeant, 
 
 George Sproule, Storekeeper, 
 
 William Garden, Commissary. 
 
 Colonel Edward Winslow to Lieut. Thomas Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, 15th October, 1801. 
 
 My dear Boy,—I have this minute opened your letter dated the 4th 
 August, which your sagacious brother Ned observed “was rather before 
 you had arrived at Halifax.” This trifling mistake was however productive 
 only of a little amusement to Mr. Clopper & Ned as the contents satisfied 
 me that October was the month intended. The letter was doubly welcome 
 from the communication it contained respecting Sir John. I however yet 
 fear that another Governor is appointed for Nova Scotia. I have seen, a 
 letter from high authority to that effect. It is notwithstanding possible 
 that some alteration might afterwards have taken place and that Gov. B.—* 
 might be otherwise accomodated. Whereter Sir John goes my best wishes 
 will follow him. I have been acquainted with him from infancy, and 
 through a great variety of vicissitudes and changes—and I can say with 
 Jack Hatchway (I believe it was), “A truer heart never broke a biscuit/'’ 
 I was much gratify 5 d by the Halifax paper, there were several articles in 
 it which we had not seen before. The appointment of the Duke to the 
 1st Reg’t must be an unpleasant circumstance to the gentlemen of his old 
 corps, as they must of course have considered it a very high honor to be 
 commanded by a Prince of the Blood. Indeed I supposed that his pre¬ 
 dilection for the 7th would have prevented his accepting another regiment, 
 nor do I understand in what respect the 1st is preferable. 
 
 Our Lieut. Colonel, about whom you enquire, has given me a resting 
 spell. I have not been favored with any of his communications for some 
 time past. I presume General Carleton will soon receive some directions 
 respecting him. We conjecture variously here relative to our military 
 operations. Some are of opinion that the business will be accomodated 
 so that General C. will yet retain the command. Others expect a Major 
 General or Brigadier will be appointed to command in N. Brunswick, and 
 that our original establishment of Troops will be compleated. This per¬ 
 haps would be the most desirable event for the country, as it would secure 
 
 * Governor Bentick was spoken of at this time as likely to be appointed Lieut. 
 Governor of Nova Scotia, Sir John Wentworth to be transferred to the West Indies. 
 See Murdoch’s History of Nova Scotia, Yol. iii, p. 209. 
 
462 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEKS 
 
 [1801 
 
 to us the exertions of some man of vigour and activity, which we very 
 much want. How such an event would effect me is rather problematical. 
 If an officer comes here with whom I can serve with satisfaction to myself 
 I shall continue* (if required) whether the Head Quarters he at St. John 
 or Fredericton. But should a Gentleman come that I do not like, Fll heat 
 a retreat to Kingsclear. A few months will determine all this. I am 
 perfectly satisfied that if the relinquishment of the Civil Government of 
 this province is the sine qua non upon which General Carleton is to obtain 
 the military command he will refuse it. 
 
 We get on tolerably well in this solitude, the late addition to our house 
 has contributed much to our comfort; indeed (to the credit of Lincoln & 
 Barclay) it is a very compleat building—it will be finished in the course of 
 next week. 
 
 Your friend “Joe Russell t became such a nuisance as to bring down 
 the revenge of the whole society with the Storekeeper General at their 
 head—and what rendered the opposition too formidable to be withstood, the 
 Storekeeper’s lady with all the other ladies of a particular description, 
 including many maidens, entered a solemn protest against him. They 
 affirmed that his actions were shameful and indecent and that he was not 
 fit to be seen either before or behind. It was therefore determined that he 
 should he killed, and yesterday put an end to his existence. 
 
 “Paddy” is removed into the possession of a very good man named 
 Hollowood who is to pay £6 when he is able. I was offered £5 by Sickles 
 the shoemaker, hut I really did not like to see him so frequently, as I must 
 have done in that situation, and I knew he would he ill kept and worked 
 hard. 
 
 Our com crop turned out very well and York Lawrence is this day 
 plowing the field where it grew quite home to the ham. The potatoes are 
 prodigiously fine hut will not answer your expectations in point of quantity. 
 I’ve about 120 bushels in, and I think there’s not above 50 more* 
 
 I hope your situation is an eligible one. Let me know who commancls. 
 Assure yourself my son that I will continue to make every possible exer¬ 
 tion to forward your views, and I am satisfied that you will do nothing to 
 thwart or embarrass my operations. I think of you continually and with 
 extreme anxiety. Pray my hoy continue your letters by every post; they 
 afford us the highest possible pleasure. Pick up all the news you can and 
 if anything transpires respecting this country let’s have it. You know 
 how eager we are for news in this retirement. Your mother joins me in 
 the most anxious wishes for your welfare. Mrs. Miller, Clopper and all 
 hands ask a place in my letter to the same purpose. Chock full. [The 
 letter is closely written to the bottom of the page.] E. W. 
 
 *That is continue in the office of military secretary. 
 fPresumably a dog or horse. 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 New Canaan* Settlers to Edward Winslow. 
 
 January 16, 1802. 
 
 On January 16, 1802, Edward Winslow received a communication 
 from settlers at this place conveying “10,000 thanks for former services” 
 and asking him to submit their memorial and survey of their lots to the 
 Governor and Council that the survey might be allowed to stand as it was 
 then. The letter is signed by Seth Bryant, Daniel Keith, George Price, 
 Gideon Corey, John Mathers, Henry Kitchen, Oswel Allward, Benjamin 
 All ward, George Morison, Edmond Price, Michael Thom, Wm. Humphrey, 
 Eichard Thorn, John Price, George Keith, John F. Price, John Humphrey 
 and John Keith. The descendants of these settlers are numerous in the 
 counties of Kings, Queens and Westmoreland, and in other parts of the 
 province. 
 
 Alexander Taylor to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miramichi, January 28, 1802. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Upon my first arrival at Miramichi the Indians were a 
 great terror to the Inhabitants, there being but very few settlers here. 
 * * * I was told by a brother-in-law and a sister that this Julian 
 
 family had done a great deal for government. Had it not been for them 
 and a family called Renews! the other Indians would have murdered every 
 English settler that were then there. Observe, my sister and husband was 
 here before me. I came here in 1784; they came, 1777. 
 
 I have also found this same disposition in this Indian family ever 
 since my coming here. The papers they now have in custody will show 
 their Grievance and I’m greatly of opinion his Excellency the Governor 
 will cause justice to be done to them. I have, so far as I could prudently 
 do, informed myself of the matter between them and Gilliee, and by all I can 
 understand great injustice is meaned them by that man and his neighbors. 
 Last year I sent a brother of mine to privately view the place in dispute, 
 and he reported to me that they were molested and wronged by this man 
 Gilliee aided by some others. * * * If you think proper to 
 
 have his Excellency informed of it I do certainly think it would be a great 
 charity because the very road to justice seems to be entangled against these 
 
 *Sir James Alexander, in his book, “L’Acadie,” gives a short account of New 
 Canaan as it was in 1844. He says it was settled about the beginning of the 
 present century, and this agrees with the communication which appears above. 
 A Mr. Ryder was at New Canaan as early as 1797. At the time of Sir James 
 Alexander’s visit the people had neither store, post office, doctor, minister or 
 lawyer. They held prayer meetings regularly, however. It was a Baptist com¬ 
 munity, and Sir James Alexander was gravely informed by an old lady “there 
 is no dancing or singing in this settlement.” 
 
 fThe Renous River is believed to have derived its name from this Indian 
 family. 
 
464 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1801-2 
 
 poor creatures, and I’m sure that’s not his Excellency’s will. I beg you’ll 
 forgive this liberty for I take God to witness I say nothing but for Char¬ 
 ity’s sake. * * * Alex. Taylor.* 
 
 [NOTE. Alexander Taylor’s sister at Miramichi was Agnes Brown. 
 They had a nephew named Alex. Henderson. At the election for the 
 county of Northumberland held in March, 1791, Major Harris W. Hailes 
 was elected in the room of William Davidson, deceased. Alex. Taylor and 
 his relatives supported Major Hailes as did also Robichaud. Taylor, prior 
 to the election, assured Edward Winslow that the generality of the people 
 at the lower end of the river and the French settlers would vote for Hailes. 
 Duncan Mackay, another supporter, wrote to Winslow, “I am made to 
 “ understand that some of the candidates or their agents are to bestow 
 “ some vituals and drink on their voters, and we design to have a little for 
 “ Major Hailes voters (if we can) which it’s hoped may not be disagreeable 
 
 to him or you.”] - 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 8 March, 1802. 
 
 My deaT Winslow,—I have the pleasure to announce to you a most 
 fortunate termination of the business about which I expressed so much 
 anxiety in my last. It was discovered upon canvassing and investigating 
 the subject, that the number thirteen as constituting a House has never 
 been established by any standing order of the house or any other authority 
 whatever; of course then any smaller number was sufficient for the purpose, 
 and the members remaining might go on with the business. This made 
 Coffin and some of the more violent ones almost frantic, they insisted upon 
 the Speaker’s taking the chair upon the bringing in bills for repealing the 
 city charter; confirming the rights of fishery to Proprietors of the soil; a 
 more equal representation of the several counties; increasing the revenue, 
 etc. This alarmed the Speaker and he refused taking the chair for any 
 other purpose than that of adjourning the house. They were then for 
 proceeding to the choice of a new speaker and every thing was in confusion. 
 This was on Wednesday. Peterst and YeamansJ I suppose were alarmed 
 
 *Alexander Taylor was a representative of the County of Northumberland 
 in the house of assembly in 1802 and 1809. 
 
 fThe reference is to James Peters, a native of New York. He was employed 
 as one of the agents for settling the Loyalists on the River St. John in 1783. 
 He took up his abode at Gagetown, and for years represented the County of 
 Queens in the house of assembly; he was an active and useful member. He 
 died at Gagetown, January 15th, 1820, aged 74 years. His sons achieved distinction. 
 Charles Jeffrey Peters was for twenty years Attorney General of the Province. 
 Another son, James, was a leading merchant. A third, Wm. Tyng, was a member 
 of the bar and Clerk of the Legislative Council. A fourth, Benjamin Lester was 
 Police Magistrate at St. John. A fifth, Harry, was Speaker of the House of Assembly. 
 
 J John Teamans was a Loyalist of Dutchess County, N. Y. He was a repre¬ 
 sentative for Queens County in the first house of assembly, and was also pre¬ 
 siding justice of the peace for the county. He died at his residence on Grand 
 Lake in 1824, at the age of 89 years. 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 465 
 
 and frightened and they went off, so that on Thursday there were only 8 
 members left. The violent ones having become more moderate, the speaker 
 consented to take the chair upon condition that no new business should be 
 introduced, hut merely what had been begun before the other members 
 went away finished. Accordingly they received a message from the Coun¬ 
 cil requesting a conference upon the revenue and appropriation bill, which 
 was acceded to, a committee appointed, who reported that the Council had 
 no objection to any part of it but some words of surplusage respecting the 
 clerk—that if the words Samuel Denny Street, Esq’r,* were struck out, 
 leaving the sum payable to the clerk of the house as on former occasions, 
 they were ready to concur. This the house consented to and the bill was 
 returned and passed in Council. Some other bills before the Council were 
 sent down with amendments which were agreed to, and on Friday the bills 
 received the Governors assent and the two houses were dismissed very 
 graciously in high harmony among all the branches, and thus have “the 
 wicked been taken in their own snare.” 
 
 The governor is relieved from an immense weight of anxiety, the 
 seditious party are mortified and have rendered themselves contemptible, 
 the Council have preserved their dignity and independence, and the Prov¬ 
 ince is saved from disgrace, and if there is one spark of public spirit in 
 their constituents not one of these Deserters would ever be chosen again. 
 
 A warrant was immediately made out in favor of Dugald Campbell 
 for the clerk’s pay &c., which he offered to Street with an assignment upon 
 it; who stoutly declared he would never receive a farthing; but upon this 
 subject I think the little Gentleman’s stomach will come to. Mr. Hazen 
 has obtained his license of occupation between high and low water mark.! 
 
 Seven new magistrates appointed for the City and County of St. John 
 —Kobert Parker, Adino Paddock, Colin Campbell, John Black, James 
 Codner, James White Junior and John Brundage, so that upon the whole 
 the session has terminated most fortunately and gloriously and I hope will 
 be productive of much good. 
 
 I am very anxious to hear how you get on. * * * 
 
 shall keep this letter open till the mail for Halifax closes to add anything 
 that may occur that I can think Hailes or yourself may wish to know. 
 
 &c. &c. &c. W. Chipman. 
 
 *See biographical note under date May 9, 1784. 
 
 ■f-This license of occupation was issued by the governor and council in Feb¬ 
 ruary 25, 1802. It granted to the owners of the soil along the Portland Shore 
 (who were originally James Simonds, James White and Wm. Hazen) the right 
 to possess and occupy the shore from high to low water mark. Under this 
 license they had a monopoly of the wiers and fishing privileges along the shore. 
 This right they claimed to have been theirs from the date of their grant in 1765. 
 However, • Chief Justice Ludlow and other eminent legal gentlemen deemed the 
 license of occupation to be “ultra vires,” and soon after there began a prolonged 
 controversy, with frequent suits at law, between the citizens of St. John and 
 the old Portland grantees. See article on the “Fishery Quarrel” in the New 
 Brunswick Magazine for August, 1899. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 17th June, 1802. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I fully intended to have wrote you a longer letter in 
 return for your late truly obliging letters, but the Packet is dispatching for 
 England and another for N. York with many passengers, who are some 
 how or other, all of them connected with me; and Captain Poy departs in 
 the stage tomorrow, after too short a stay with us, since his arrival from 
 England. Indeed his amiable manners are so interesting, that we should 
 at any time regret his leaving us. You will all be delighted with him, and 
 I anticipate with great satisfaction the happiness his arrival must afford at 
 Government House. 
 
 The business of my removal to the West Indies has subsided intirely. 
 It is strange that I did not rejoice at an arrangement so lucrative. We do 
 not hear of any definite measures for the peace establishment. The H. S. 
 RegT is not mentioned among the annihilations. 
 
 Inclosed is a letter from your Son, who is well. * * * I 
 
 trust he will make a good man and good officer. Lady Wentworth is quite 
 his Champion and my son is not less interested for his countryman. 
 
 We do not hear anything about the instructions for granting lands. 
 It is late in the evening. Adieu. Be assured I am 
 
 Your sincere & affect, friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lieut. Thomas Winslow. 
 
 Kingsclear, June 20th, 1802. 
 
 I yesterday finished and sealed up a very lengthy letter to you my 
 dear Boy in continuation of the remarks made in my last. * * * 
 
 I remain extremely ill and until yesterday I have not attempted to stand 
 alone for some weeks. It was the source of much mortification to me that 
 I was unable to stir during all the time that Gen’l Bowyer was in N. Bruns¬ 
 wick. He had the goodness to call on me, which was some comfort to me; 
 ’tis said he was much pleased with this part of the country notwithstanding 
 the continued efforts of one of his attendants to prejudice him against 
 it. * * * 
 
 I have letters from Captain Lyman; he says he saw Murray last Janu¬ 
 ary, and that he was to pass for Lieut, the next week and that he advanced 
 him money to pay the fees. I fear he is not made. For God’s sake my 
 Boy keep yourself free of debt, so that whenever the disbandment of the 
 Provincial corps takes place you may not be exposed to embarrassment and 
 mortification. In your present retired situation I should think you could 
 not be exposed to much expence. Let me entreat you also as a father and 
 a friend to be cautious in chusing your companions and friends. It would 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 467 
 
 give me infinite pain to hear of any censure upon you just as the scenes 
 before you appear to be changing. Everything I saw and everything I 
 heard at Halifax delighted me highly. Continue my good fellow to de¬ 
 serve the esteem of men of men of honor and men of sense. Visit as often 
 as you can at the Chief Justices, Mr. Brenton’s &c., and omit no oppor¬ 
 tunity of paying the most respectful attention to Sir John and Lady Went¬ 
 worth. By the way I have experienced some anxiety about a long letter 
 and a view of Fredericton which I sent his Excellency. I don’t yet know 
 whether he ever received them. ’Tis a bargain between us that he is not 
 to answer all my letters but I wish you would enquire whether this par¬ 
 ticular one ever came to his hands. The winding up of the brilliant Col. 
 Pollard is not much to his credit. I am not personally acquainted with 
 Phoebe Moody but I feel extremely distressed for her. * * * 
 
 Mr. Wanton is obliged to return to this port again to the great morti¬ 
 fication of his powerful dame. They’ll not allow him to make any ex¬ 
 change or negotiate any transfer or sale of his collectorship. 
 
 When you meet any of my old friends Mr. Brinley, Hartshorne, Tay¬ 
 lor, &c, &c., remember me affectionately to them. 
 
 Your Mama, Pen, Ned, Went, Hannah, Sarah Ann, Eliza, Chris, & 
 Cat, all bawl out together from the breakfast table, “Give my love to 
 Tom.” Take it in a lump and accept a large allowance of the same com¬ 
 modity from 
 
 Your affectionate Father, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Charles J. Peters to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saint John, 26th June, 1802. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I this day received your kind favor with the enclosures 
 and shall make it my particular care to pay all attention to Mr. Bedell’s* 
 case. Independent of my personal regard for him, your interesting your¬ 
 self for him would be a paramount consideration. P have received many 
 civilities on my passing and stay at his house, both from Mr. Bedell and 
 his wife and I feel myself extremely happy that I shall have it in my power 
 
 *John Bedell was born Dec. 9, 1756, at Richmond, on Staten Island. During 
 the Revolution he was private secretary to Colonel Christopher Billopp, the 
 magnate of the island. He came to New Brunswick in 1783, and was engaged 
 with his brother, Paul Bedell, in the survey of Parr Town and other grants of 
 land for the Loyalists. He married a niece of the Rev. Frederick Dibblee, and 
 settled in Woodstock in 1788 at Bedell’s Cove. For more than forty years he 
 was the leading parish magistrate. He was the first judge of the court of 
 common pleas and registrar of deeds and wills for the County of Carleton, also 
 commissioner of roads, town clerk, overseer of the poor, trustee of schools, 
 church warden, &c. He died in 1838, aged 83 years, leaving a family of seven 
 sons and three daughters. Three of his sons, John, Walter and Augustus, died 
 within a fortnight of each other of pneumonia, and the event caused a sensa¬ 
 tion at Woodstock. 
 
468 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 £1802 
 
 to render them any service. The complexion of the case, as I draw it from 
 yonr letter and his relation of it, is one in which not only himself but the 
 whole community are interested. The hardened ruffian must be a villain 
 of the most dangerous stamp. There is no jury in the country but must 
 say that if Mr. Bedell shall get every farthing which it may be in the power 
 of the villain to pay, it will be but a nominal consideration for the injury 
 he has sustained. I have communicated my opinion to Mr. Bedell and 
 shall take immediate steps to obtain all possible redress. 
 
 I am sorry to hear you have been so severely attacked by your enemy 
 the gout. However from your beginning again to handle the pen I con¬ 
 clude he is fast making his retreat. Please to give my best respects to 
 Mrs. Winslow and family and believe me &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Charles J. Peters.* 
 
 [Note. The minutes of the York County sessions of the Peace under 
 date June 10, 1802, show that Peter Clark of Woodstock, living near John 
 Bedell on what is now the Peabody property, was indicted for assaulting 
 and beating Margaret Bedell, Robert George Roberts and John Bedell. 
 He was found guilty, sentenced to pay a fine of £40 and bound over to 
 keep the peace for two years in the sum of £100 with two sureties for £50 
 each. The letter of Mr. Peters doubtless is in connection with this affair. 
 W. O. R] 
 
 Letter of Edward Winslow to the Royal Gazette. 
 
 [July, 1802.] 
 
 It is an observation made by a late traveller;—“That the people of 
 America have a strange propensity to change their situations.” He says,— 
 “It is not an uncommon thing to see families, who have encountered and 
 overcome all the obstacles which naturally arise in forming new settle¬ 
 ments, and are just beginning to realize the comforts and enjoy the sweets 
 of their own labour, consenting to abandon their possessions, and engaging 
 anew in the same scenes of difficulty and distress.”—Had that judicious 
 writer passed through the Province of New Brunswick, he would have 
 seen instances of this disposition which might have excited a greater de¬ 
 gree of astonishment than any which he could possibly have met with in 
 the back parts of the United States. * * * It is an established fact 
 
 that the Province of New Brunswick has been principally settled by an 
 order of men who call themselves Loyalists—men who fought in the ser¬ 
 vice of the King during a long war, and who, at the unfortunate termin¬ 
 ation of it, made an election to plunge into a wilderness with their wives 
 and children rather than submit to the humiliating and degrading 
 
 *Hon. Charles Jeffrey Peters, son of James Peters of Gagetown, N. B., was 
 born in 1772 and came to the province with the Loyalists. He was attorney 
 general in 1828, and held the office until his death in 1848. 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 469 
 
 necessity of soliciting mercy from those whom they were in the habit of 
 considering rebels. 
 
 Actuated by the same laudable and manly spirit they persevered, and 
 they combated difficulties, fatigues and toils which, in a bad cause, they 
 would have sunk under. Here they soon obtained a constitution or gov¬ 
 ernment similar (so far as was practicable) to the British. Lands were 
 assigned to them, and cherished by a temporary bounty from a benevolent 
 Sovereign they went to work with a degree of alacrity which was never 
 exceeded. Huts were erected which at first were hardly sufficient to shelter 
 their families, and little holes were cut in the forest. A few potatoes and 
 a scanty crop of rye were the only rewards for the immense labor of the 
 first and second years. During the 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th, although the 
 prospects brightened a little, the difficulties were great and many discour¬ 
 aging circumstances occurrred; but under all this pressure of care and 
 perplexity the voice of murmur could scarcely be heard among them. 
 
 At the expiration of fifteen or sixteen years the scenes are materially 
 changed. Enter the habitations of the Farmers in almost every part of 
 the Province now and, with very few exceptions, youTi find them tight, 
 warm and comfortable, you’ll see the man and woman surrounded by a 
 flock of children—robust, hearty and useful, clad in homespun, feeding 
 upon their own mutton, with bread, butter and cheese in abundance. In 
 many instances you may discover not only the comforts of life, but luxuries 
 procured by their over-plus produce, which never fails to find an easy 
 and sure market,— or by their winter exertons in masting, getting timber, 
 wood, &c, for which they receive the most liberal wages. Their bams and 
 out-houses contain a stock of cattle, horses, sheep, swine, &c, of more 
 value than their ancestors in [Hew] Jersey or Hew England ever pos¬ 
 sessed for three generations before they were born. Enquire among ’em 
 for a Grievance and they’ll not be able to point out one :— 
 
 Are you oppressed with taxes ? Ho. 
 
 Does anybody interrupt you in matters of conscience ? Ho. 
 
 Do the laws afford you sufficient protection ? Why yes. 
 
 This is the unexaggerated state of the Province now, and this too at 
 a time when one half the countries in the world have been ruined by a 
 calamitous war. 
 
 notwithstanding all which, among the very people I have described, 
 a few giddy, eccentric, and discontented characters have appeared who, 
 forgetting all the favors which they received from our government, have 
 made a voluntary sacrifice of their former honorable principles and pro¬ 
 fessions, have sold the lands that were granted them, and meanly skulked 
 into the United States. There they have made their submission; there 
 they have become literally “hewers of wood and drawers of water”; and 
 
470 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 as an act of grace are permitted to eat, drink and vegetate. But in place 
 of being buoyed up under affliction by tbe reflection of having done their 
 duty as honest men and faithful subjects, they are compelled to consider 
 the most meritorious actions of their lives as the most atrocious offences 
 which they ever committed. 
 
 These men and their leaders will furnish subject matter for a future 
 essay. I shall therefore quit ^em for the present and pass on to another 
 class, who are not quite so culpable, but who appear to be influenced by 
 the same extraordinary caprice — I mean those who have lately removed 
 with their families to other parts of the King’s dominions, particularly to 
 Niagara. In comparing the two countries I declare that I have no in¬ 
 tention of casting a reflection upon the Province of Upper Canada. I 
 have a high respect for the government there, a good opinion of the 
 country, and sincerely wish it prosperity. The final determination of a 
 few changeable people with respect to the place of their residence is a 
 matter of no importance either to them or to us, and the remarks which 
 I shall make will perhaps apply with equal force to those who would wan¬ 
 tonly and inconsiderately leave that Province and come to this. The prin¬ 
 cipal object I have in view is to enquire whether there is any sufficient 
 temptation offered to induce a Parmer, who has conquered the great 
 difficulties of making an establishment here, to disturb the peace of his 
 family and to undertake the arduous task of removing to a place so difficult 
 to approach and so remote. It is obvious that there is no essential differ¬ 
 ence between the constitutions and the laws of the two Provinces. Allow 
 that in Canada the climate is more mild, the winters not so long, the land 
 if you please easier cleared, and the crops (particularly of wheat) more 
 abundant. Possibly these considerations might have afforded good reasons 
 for an original preference, but let us put against these advantages the 
 acknowledged unhealthiness of the climate, the impossibility of selling 
 that part of their produce which they cannot consume, the immense prices 
 of many of the necessaries of life and the total want of winter employment. 
 Would any man in his senses readily barter sound health for fevers, agues 
 and debility ? Would he relinquish a Farm, cleared with his own hands, 
 which supplies him with everything he wants and something to spare, 
 for a redundance of wheat, which he can’t sell and a surplusage of Pork 
 which he can’t find salt to save ? 
 
 Now let us throw into the scale a small proportion of the troubles which 
 must be encountered in the course of such a removal. I hate misery so 
 cordially that I can hardly bear to draw a picture of it, but in the present 
 case I can’t help it. Mark then the progress. 
 
 One of these adventurers who has arrived at Niagara, and finds him¬ 
 self a little in a scrape—on the principle of the old song of “Welcome, 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 471 
 
 welcome, brother debtor”—sits down and writes a letter to his Cousin 
 
 B-in New Brunswick in which he courts him to come to the same 
 
 place, and amuses him with a ridiculous and romantic tale of produce 
 
 without labour, spontaneous grain, and wild hogs. B-reads this letter 
 
 to his wife Martha just as they are going to bed — both of them dream 
 that they are transported to the Elysian fields where they have nothing 
 to do but to gaze on the beauties of the scene — to open their mouths and 
 swallow the delicious things that are cut and dryed for them. In the 
 morning they compare notes, and they are astonished at the similitude of 
 their delightful visions. From this moment the whole matter is settled. 
 Time begins to hang heavily. Labor becomes more severe. Even the 
 winters grow longer in imagination—nothing now is heard but,— 
 
 “ Let us move — pray let us go, 
 
 Oh Niagara ; Niagara oh !” 
 
 Without much ceremony the place is offered for sale—to the credit 
 of the country be it written—a purchaser instantly appears, and the bar¬ 
 gain is concluded. Now comes the trying scene. The new proprietor 
 calls to take possession. Those who bought the cattle apply for them ; 
 one drives off a favorite cow, another the oxen, a third takes the mare and 
 colt. Even the beasts as they face to the right about seem to reproach 
 their former owner for this unnatural and wanton separation. The plough 
 and harrow are transferred to other hands, the articles of furniture, col¬ 
 lected with care, are scattered and sold for less than half their value. 
 
 B-and his wife, followed by their train of children, walk slowly from 
 
 the habitation where till lately they were content and happy and seek a 
 temporary shelter among the neighbors. In a few days you find them at 
 the first place of embarkation, waiting for a vessel or a wind — exposed to 
 heavy expences and many inconveniences. If you follow them to St. John, 
 you will see them for days, together loitering in the streets, the man and 
 woman beginning to be dejected, the children in their best clothes staring 
 about eating cookies, the money going in all directions. At length an 
 opportunity offers for New York; they are cram’d on board a vessel, and 
 in a few hours are tumbling upon the ocean, seasick and completely 
 wretched. After a long passage they arrive in that great city, where in a 
 few days young Joshua is seized with the yellow-fever and dies—others of 
 the family are sick, their pockets are picked by cruel extortioners. And 
 thus oppressed with grief and almost borne down by the weight of their 
 misfortunes the unfortunate parents with their surviving children are com¬ 
 pelled to set off upon their tedious journey. 
 
 God forbid that I should attend them a single step further or that 
 I should bear witness to that variety of distress which they must neces- 
 
472 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 sarily experience. I had rather bring them at once to “the land of pro¬ 
 mise” with the miserable remnant of their hard earned property. * * * 
 
 Let ns suppose that every obstacle is removed and that they are put in 
 possession of a tract of land; their stock of cash exhausted, every member 
 of the family enfeebled by that most disheartening of all disorders the 
 fever and ague, and that they begin to realize that they have the same 
 serious duties to perform which they have been accustomed to in New 
 Brunswick; that houses cannot he built without hands, and that crops are 
 not produced without labor. This is the time to ask the solemn and im¬ 
 portant question, “What have we gained by all these sacrifices, sufferings 
 and distress ?” 
 
 Here I must leave them to settle the account. In the mean time I 
 call upon speculative readers of all denominations, between the two great 
 extremes of Philosophers and Fools, inclusive, to account for that passion 
 or propensity, or whatever else you may call it, which causes some of the 
 children of men thus voluntarily to surrender the peace, comfort and hap¬ 
 piness of themselves and their families. 
 
 Tammany.* 
 
 Isaiah and Moses Shaw to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Maguagudavick, 23rd July, 1802. 
 
 Sir,—Your kind letter of the 22nd ulto. we had the pleasure of re¬ 
 ceiving some little time back, and we want words to express our gratitude 
 and thanks to you for the polite and friendly interest you are pleased to 
 take in promoting our undertaking in this quarter, which from various 
 unexpected circumstances proves to be more expensive and arduous than 
 we at first had an idea of. However we are happy to state that now our 
 difficulties are mostly surmounted and we have a well grounded hope that 
 our enterprise will Be productive of great publick utility as well as advant¬ 
 ageous to ourselves. 
 
 We have erected two complete double saw mills which, if no accident 
 happens to them, will saw each season upwards of 2,000,000 feet of boards. 
 You may reasonably suppose, Sir, that the manufacturing of so much 
 lumber each year will afford employment for a great number of men and 
 oxen, and will induce a number more settlers to come here. It will also 
 increase the value of landed property in this quarter, as has been already 
 experienced here, and likewise will he the means of procuring subsistence 
 to a number of needy families in this and the adjacent settlements. 
 
 *It is not quite certain that Edward Winslow wrote this letter, and that follows 
 in these pages under the same nom de plume, but the internal evidence is so strong 
 that there can be little doubt that he was the writer. See in this connection Winslow’s 
 letter to Sir John Wentworth of March, 1803. 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 473 
 
 We are happy to learn that the restriction laid upon Grants is likely 
 to he withdrawn soon. We beg leave however to mention that the season 
 for sawing is now so far advanced (and we have several lumber engage¬ 
 ments to fill) that it would be attended with great disadvantage and loss 
 to our interest for either of us to go to Fredericton at present. It would 
 therefore greatly add to our catalogue of obligations if you would have the 
 goodness to defer bringing our application for Land forward in Council 
 till next winter, at which time one of us will attend with the statement 
 you require. 
 
 We have a further reason for wishing to delay a discussion till the 
 time above mentioned which is that in all probability our friend and 
 neighbor, Colonel Mackay, will have occasion to be present then on pub- 
 lick service, who from his knowledge of our character as well as our opera¬ 
 tions and works in this settlement will be able to satisfy His Excellency 
 the Governor and the Council with respect to any questions they may 
 please to put to him on the subject of our claim &c. He will also, we 
 trust, aided by your friendly offices, be able to remove from the minds of 
 that Honorable body any unfavorable impressions which may have been 
 made by means of the false and truly illiberal insinuations of some envious 
 and secret enemies. Being conscious, however, that we never gave the 
 smallest cause to any person to act thus ungenerously towards us, we con¬ 
 sider our calumniators as more objects of pity than of resentment. We 
 are infinitely obliged to you. Sir, for the high opinion you are pleased to 
 entertain of us, and it will be our particular and constant study to merit a 
 continuance of it. Pardon the prolixity of this scrawl. 
 
 We are with sentiments of profound respect and esteem, Sir, 
 
 Your much obliged & faithful humble servants, 
 
 Isaiah & Moses Shaw. 
 
 Note. On June 21, 1823, Moses Shaw advertised for sale: 
 
 “A new double saw mill, house and land, &c, &c, at New River empty¬ 
 ing into Mace’s Bay. Also a double saw mill 4 years old on Lepreaux 
 River. On this river [Lepreaux] there are 430 acres of land on both sides 
 which extend up one and a half miles, a very pleasant situation. Also a 
 stream emptying into said bay to the east side of the above, a very hand¬ 
 some place for setting a single saw mill and quite contiguous to a fine situ¬ 
 ation for ship building. Also two fertile islands near the above at which 
 places vessels can load close to the mills. 
 
 WANTED—A partner to help on with the mills at the Restook and 
 Grand Falls. Having made application to several enterprising characters 
 on this subject, the subscriber is determined to accept of any person God 
 sees fit to send with about £500 in goods and cash. 
 
 As the gear is made and the frame out for one double mill she can be 
 built and ready to cut by 1st September and can square 1,000 Tons timber 
 and cut 200,000 Deals which may be brought to market by the fall rains. 
 All is stopt for want of means. 
 
474 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 When viewing these situations there is no man of erudition but what 
 will be highly pleased, as they are the best stands for mills in all this part 
 of America. 
 
 Whatever is done must be done soon.” 
 
 Moses Shaw. 
 
 Alexander Taylor to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Burnside, Miramichi, Aug’t 28th, 1802. 
 
 My worthy Sir,—This poor boy, my son Patrick, comes to your Quar¬ 
 ter in quest of that small parcel of Land & Marsh vou have formerly heard 
 of, which I believe may be the last effort he may make. IPs too tedious 
 to narrate here the trouble he hath mett with concerning it; however, if 
 you’ll only wance more have the goodness to hear his story and look at his 
 papers you’ll perceive how he hath been dealt with. * * Now 
 
 Sir I shall say no more on that score but leaves my Son to God & your pro¬ 
 tections. 
 
 Pray Sir, what will you advise about our next Election? My son will 
 if you please Inform you on our situation. * * * 
 
 I have the honor to be with my blessing to you, your Lady & family, 
 my dear & worthy Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t humble serv’t, 
 
 Alex. Taylor. 
 
 Hon’ble Col. Edw’d Winslow. 
 
 Letter of Edward Winslow to the Royal Gazette. 
 
 [September, 1802.] 
 
 In a former letter I expressed my intention to take further notice of 
 those men whose example, in my opinion, had some influence in causing 
 the removal of a few simple people from this Province to the United States. 
 The persons to whom I particularly allude are officers of the Half-pay list, 
 who came to this country with the Provincial troops., and soon afterwards 
 abandoned it. I shall not controvert the right of man to' remove from one 
 country to another as interest, ambition or fancy may dictate. * * * 
 
 I mean only to relate a number of facts for the purpose of wiping off any 
 unfavorable impressions which may have been made with respect to that 
 country, where it has pleased Almighty God to place me, and which with 
 his blessing I trust will soon become prosperous and happy. Possibly in 
 so doing I may appear to bear hard upon some individuals. I can only 
 say that I have no personal enmity towards them, but I consider it neces¬ 
 sary for my present purpose to give a concise account of those persons, who 
 by leaving the Province of New Brunswick at a critical period, afforded 
 a triumph to our enemies and set an example injurious to our in¬ 
 terests * * * 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 475 
 
 This task I shall perform in my own way. I aim not at elegance. 1 
 write to be understood. 
 
 I presume I should give just cause of offence to any gentleman who 
 engaged in the military service of the King during the American rebellion, 
 if I did not at once allow him to have been governed by principles of 
 loyalty and honor. The dispute with Great Britain was whether the 
 colonies should be independent or not. The war was against the British 
 Crown and the rights of Parliament — not against us. When honorable 
 rank and liberal pay was bestowed on these gentlemen, they must on their 
 part have stipulated to vindicate the cause of their lawful sovereign, and 
 to support the principles of the British constitution. 
 
 Either they meant this or they meant nothing. At the close of the 
 war the Provincial officers were placed in a situation of peculiar embar¬ 
 rassment, and they made a manly representation of their circumstances 
 to the then commander in chief, the venerable Lord Dorchester, by whom 
 it was transmitted to his Majesty. In the memorable paper then presented, 
 among other sentences of great energy, was one to the following effect : 
 “The animosities are so heightened by the blood which has been spilt in 
 the controversy that it will be impossible for us to return to our former 
 homes.” This consideration undoubtedly operated upon the benevolent 
 mind of the Pather of his People and upon the magnanimous British 
 nation, when the half-pay for life was indiscriminately granted. 
 
 A great proportion of those officers came to this Province, took up 
 their lands, and instantly engaged in the arduous duties of organizing a 
 government. To their unremitted exertions in the various capacities of 
 Legislators, Magistrates, &c, it is principally owing that the tranquility of 
 this Province has been preserved through all the confusion which modern 
 philosophy has produced. * * * 
 
 I now reluctantly descend to those who (apparently) came here upon 
 speculation. Some of ’em were “heroes of the first water.” Othello like, 
 they told of “disastrous chances,” “hair breadth ’scapes,” and “battles 
 hardly fought,” and they discovered a wonderful degree of enthusiasm in 
 all their operations; but as soon as they had secured to themselves every 
 benefit which could possibly result from such a situation, they commenced 
 their negotiations for leave to visit their friends in the States. After 
 a variety of difficulties they obtained it; two or three of ’em, whose accom¬ 
 modating nerves qualify’d ’em for any situation, and whose allegiance, like 
 their epaulets was made to rig and unrig, set off to reconnoitre. 
 
 At first, says an accurate informer, they were not very kindly received, 
 nor were they admitted among the better sort of folks, though after they 
 had remained some time in obscurity, they were allowed to go into com¬ 
 pany with elderly ladies at their evening parties. Thus far, and I verily 
 believe no farther, did they advance on their first visit. 
 
476 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 By the persevering efforts of their importunate solicitors, who did not 
 fail to represent their kinsmen as deluded men who had never bloodied 
 their fingers, which in some instances I suspect was very true, they were 
 indulged to make a second visit. A hold push was then made and the 
 interests of all the families were united and exerted. 
 
 Suffice it to say that after a series of solicitations, for the result of 
 which they were waiting in continual agitation, they were favored with 
 licence to become citizens, and we now find them exercising their various 
 callings of hucksters, grocers, auctioneers, &c. What became of their 
 pride or their loyalty during these negotiations it is not for me to inquire. 
 I shall only add at present that they yet remain in the enjoyment of their 
 half pay and that the inhabitants of our mother country have, through a 
 war of infinite expence, borne tax after tax to supply the fund out of which 
 these trading subjects of Thomas Jefferson have received their allowances. 
 
 Nay my brethren ! when lately at the call of your country your honest 
 hearts were beating quick with loyalty; when you were curtailing your¬ 
 selves and your families of some of your rational enjoyments, and were 
 pressing forward to contribute your mite towards relieving the national 
 burden; it was to replenish that stock a part of which has been thus appro¬ 
 priated*. 
 
 Presumptious as it may appear for an obscure man in an obscure 
 corner to make remarks upon the application of the public monies of the 
 nation, 1 am not ashamed to avow that such reflections have arisen in my 
 mind, and I think they will intrude themselves upon the mind of every 
 man who has the dignity of the sovereign and the honor of the Government 
 fairly at heart. 
 
 The defection of these officers, I say, had a tendency to weaken that 
 principle of duty which ought to exist in' the breast of every genuine 
 loyalist and every faithful soldier of the King. 
 
 Shall I be told in answer to this, in the common mercantile cant of 
 the times, that every man will go to that place where he can make most 
 money ? Let it be observed that my remarks do not apply to these gen¬ 
 tlemen in their “trading capacities.” They are addressed to them as 
 military gentlemen, as men who voluntarily entered into the service of 
 the Sovereign of Great Britain, who received honorable marks of his favor 
 such as rank, pay, &c, and who are still enjoying his bounty. 
 
 If these considerations produce no remorse for having alienated them¬ 
 selves from his dominions—I can only say that in my opinion the country 
 which has adopted them will have but little reason to boast of the acqui¬ 
 sition, and that which they have left will never lament their departure. 
 
 Tammany. 
 
 *The reference s to the generous sums subscribed by the Half-pay officers and 
 other inhabitants of the Province to the fund for the Nation Defence towards which 
 their contribution was equivelent to about twelve thousand dollars. 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 477 
 
 Jonathan Sewell, Jr., to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 12th October, 1802. 
 
 My dear Sir,—Capt. Foy* returns tomorrow, which enables me to re¬ 
 turn you my best thanks for your letter and the pamphlets which I re¬ 
 ceived from him. 
 
 I am sorry to find that you are still tormented in your Province with 
 so poor a faction as that with which you have had constantly to contend 
 since its first establishment. An honorable opposition is respectable, but 
 I fear that your opposition is neither one nor the other. 
 
 We have endeavored to he as civil to Capt. Foy and Mrs. Carleton as 
 their short stay would permit, but many friends have not been able to pay 
 them the attention which they wished. The Governor was on their ar¬ 
 rival, and during a part of their stay, absent at Montreal. Our excellent 
 and mutual friend T. A. Coffin was also absent during the whole time 
 nearly. The busy season of the year has also contributed, but upon the 
 whole they are not suffered to depart without many marks of friendship 
 to themselves and attachment to the Carleton family, for which Quebec 
 will for many years to come I doubt not be distinguished. * * * 
 
 With my best compliments to your family & to all friends I am, my 
 dear Sir, 
 
 Most sincerely & affectionately yours, 
 
 J. Sewell. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Amos Botsford. 
 
 Kingsclear, 16th October, 1802. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Letters have been recently received from our late Agentt 
 and other Persons of distinction in England in which they express great 
 concern that at a time when emigrations are taking place from Europe to 
 Nova Scotia, to the Canadas, the West Indies, &c, it is not in their power 
 to give such an account of the Province of New Brunswick as might in¬ 
 duce a proportion of those emigrants to become settlers there. They 
 therefore request that we would furnish them with information respecting 
 the extent, population, cultivation, principal places, fortresses, harbours, 
 trade, revenues, &c; with some remarks on the use that this province is of 
 to the Empire, and the advantages that might be derived from its posses¬ 
 sion; Also some account of its Government, its expences and the state of 
 
 * Captain N. Foy was private secretary and aide-de-camp to Lieut. Gov. 
 Carleton, and accompanied the latter to England when he left the province in 
 1803. Lt. Gov. Carleton married in April, 1783, Hannah, widow of Capt. Edward 
 Foy of the Royal Artillery. She was a daughter of John Van Horne of Somer¬ 
 set, New Jersey. Captain Foy was her son by her first husband. He and Gen¬ 
 eral Coffin fought a duel. See letter under date Aug’t 15th, 1803. 
 
 tThe reference is to Brook Watson, who was agent for the province in Eng¬ 
 land from 1786 to 1795. 
 
478 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 society, and of such other matters as might he interesting. They add that 
 if such information can he obtained they will make the best possible use 
 of it. 
 
 An anxious desire to effect an object which I conceive to he of great 
 importance to the province has induced me to undertake the task of col¬ 
 lecting and digesting such information as our friends have required. I 
 will therefore make no apology for requesting that you will take the 
 trouble to furnish me with such a statement for the County of Westmore¬ 
 land as will enable me to insert it in a general estimate which I am pre¬ 
 paring, and it will afford me the most particular satisfaction to receive 
 from your pen such observations as may occur to you upon any of the gen¬ 
 eral subjects referred to especially the use the province might he of to 
 the empire. 
 
 I enclose a form, &c, 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to David Owen, Esq. 
 
 Kingsclear, October 18th, 1802 
 
 Sir,—Several letters have lately been received from England, some of 
 ’em from gentlemen of distinction, in which we in this country have been 
 justly censured for not having furnished our friends with such inform¬ 
 ation as would enable them to give a favorable account of the province; 
 they observe “that at a time like the present when emigrations are taking 
 place to almost every other country, such information could not fail of 
 being useful.” An extract of one of those letters I now take the liberty 
 of inclosing. 
 
 Impelled by an anxious desire to serve the province to the utmost 
 extent of my abilities I have undertaken to make a collection of facts and 
 to transmit them. To enable me to do this with any degree of accuracy 
 I am under a necessity of soliciting the assistance of gentlemen of judg¬ 
 ment and abilities in different parts of the province, who are acquainted 
 with all the local peculiarities of the places where they reside. A con¬ 
 sideration that the islands of Passamaquoddy Bay and the adjacent coasts 
 form a most interesting part of New Brunswick, and that you have a per¬ 
 fect knowledge of them, has induced me to request that you will evince 
 their importance, and that you will extend your observations to some of 
 the general subjects mentioned in the extract, particularly what relates to 
 the use which this province might be of to the empire. 
 
 The “Form” has columns ruled for a return from the several Counties 
 under the following heads:—Towns; Harbors; Fortresses; Extent; Trade; 
 Population (Men, Women, children over 10, children under 10, slaves, 
 Total); State of Cultivation; Remarks, particularly on lands now vacant 
 and the advantages which they possess. [Letter unsigned.] 
 
18021 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 479 
 
 Alex. Taylor to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Miramichi, Oct’r 25th, 1802. 
 
 My Honb’le and good friend, 
 
 Our election commenced the 20th current & ended the 21st. Jas 
 Fraser Esq’r one of our former members & me had the honor to be elected 
 by a considerable majority. Mr. Lee was put up by our Coroner but 
 was far inferior in votes. * * * * I did not omit at the 
 
 opening of the Poll to read Mr. Wetmore’s character & to say in presence 
 & in the hearing the whole Assembly that I was certain Mr. Wetmore’s 
 abilitys far exceeded mine and I had the strongest reasons not to doubt 
 his will to serve us faithfully & honestly and if my friends would vote for 
 him so would I with the greatest of pleasure and would neither ask nor 
 wish any of their votes for myself, but found it would not take with half; 
 either him or me would require to prevail. * * * It was 
 
 advanced by some at the Election that Mr. Wetmore & the Gentlemen who 
 accompanied him said that I had repeatedly wrote you before the Election 
 to put the name of any two men on a piece of paper & forward that to me 
 & I would have them elected; which advancement was likely to do much 
 hurt notwithstanding I entirely denied that you or Mr. Wetmore had said 
 any such thing. A great many redicoules things were advanced by some 
 of Mr. Lee’s & Mr. Fraser’s friends. * * * 
 
 In expectation of having the honor to hear from you by this bearer— 
 I am, with as great respect as mankind can have, 
 
 Your most obed’t serv’t 
 
 Alex. Taylor. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Kingsclear, 20th November, 1802. 
 
 My dear Chipman,—There being a kind of cessation of our public 
 duties at present I undertake to communicate to you the particular circum¬ 
 stances of a project in which I have engaged, the motives which influence 
 me, and the steps which I have already adopted. My joints are so crippled 
 that I can’t write without extreme pain and I am obliged to make use of 
 a very young amanuensis.* 
 
 * * * His Excellency some time ago gave me to under¬ 
 
 stand that he intended going to England in the Spring. As this com¬ 
 munication appeared to me to be something like a mark of confidence, it 
 excited sensations of gratitude in my mind and led me to a conversation 
 most interesting. I asked him pointedly whether he had made any ar- 
 
 *The amanuensis was his son Wentworth, then a boy of nine years of age. 
 The writing is school-boyish, but clear, and the spelling creditable. 
 
480 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1802 
 
 rangement or preparation for such an event. His answer was (as upon 
 most other occasions) costive and guarded and of course unsatisfactory to 
 me. 
 
 I had put the question not to gratify an idle curiosity but from the 
 warmth of my regard for him, and I was determined to persevere; I there¬ 
 fore ventured to say something to the following effect:— 
 
 “Sir, you have been the Governor of this province ever since its crea¬ 
 tion. When you meet the King and his Ministers are you competent to 
 answer such questions as they must ask you respecting the state of it? 
 Have you any idea even of the present population Have you any com¬ 
 pact chronological record of the leading political events which have taken 
 place to which you may refer to refresh your memory? Do vou recollect 
 all the motives and arguments which operated upon your own mind to in¬ 
 duce you to fix the seat of Government at Fredericton (for instance)? 
 Can you recollect the military reasons for establishing the Head Quarters 
 there, or for establishing the Posts at Presque-Isle and the Grand Falls? 
 Can you trace the progress of party here and justify the measures which 
 you have adopted unless you make memorandums of the most important 
 transactions ?” * * * 
 
 I leave for verbal communication a relation of the evident effects 
 which my observations had upon his mind. They produced some re¬ 
 proaches upon those whose peculiar business it was to have given him these 
 intimations before, but I saw the absolute necessity of checking such a 
 train of reflections. I convinced him that it was not too late to undertake 
 the task, and that it was not so arduous as he might at first suppose; that 
 his public officers were men of abilities, and that the winter was before 
 them — and I declare most solemnly to you that at that moment I had 
 not the most distant idea of meddling in the business myself, but a single 
 remark of his own, made with uncommon emphasis, plunged me at once 
 into the scrape, and I told him in plain words that if I could be guarded 
 against the effects of jealousy from those about him; if I could harmonize 
 with the Secretary and could be availed of his superior abilities and re¬ 
 cords; if at the same time I could be allowed to consult you; I would 
 endeavor to accomplish all that might be necessary for him. 
 
 These conditions were accepted with the greatest apparent alacrity, 
 and I believe the business was explained to the Secretary the next day 
 and he has given me the most candid and unequivocal proofs of his readi¬ 
 ness to assist. * * * 
 
 I have a very elegant book into which I mean to enter my remarks 
 and which I do not mean to present to him until it is complete. The 
 state of population I shall obtain, not with fractional exactness, but near 
 enough to be satisfactory, and I’ve already written to my own deputies and 
 several others in every County to make estimates for me. 
 
1802] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 481 
 
 I have also written to the most judicious of ’em requesting that they 
 would give me information on other subjects and. to favor me with local 
 descriptions, &c., and I will make the most of them. The inclosed, papers 
 will give you an idea of the plan which I have adopted. I presume that 
 I shall have answers or shall procure the necessary information so as to 
 have a general arrangement by the time the Supreme Court sits. In the 
 mean time I wish you would revolve the subject in your mind and that 
 you will sketch a state of facts respecting the operations of the 1st General 
 Assembly, and such observations as you may think proper to make relative 
 to the conduct of the subsequent General Assemblies, and when we get 
 together we will digest the entire business. * * * 
 
 The people I have written to are A. Botsford and Millidge of West¬ 
 morland; Mr. Odell has written to Col. Mackay and the new clerk of the 
 court of Charlotte County, and I have also written to David Owen respect¬ 
 ing the islands, &c. At Northumberland I have engaged Mr. Lee*, Sheriff 
 Beedt, and Taylor}; Queens County, Judge Peters; Kings County, Nase, 
 with a request to consult Coffin, Leonard, &c., and I expect to avail myself 
 of their assistance when they come up. At Sunbury, Hubbard is employed. 
 So that I stand a chance of procuring authentic information. You know 
 that in all matters of this nature I am indefatigable, and that on such an 
 occasion I shall take more pains than any other man would. You also 
 know how important your advice will be to me and that without your 
 correcting hand my performance must be imperfect. Public considera¬ 
 tions will therefore unite with personal friendship to induce you to afford 
 me your best assistance. 
 
 The letters which I have written vary, as they are addressed to differ¬ 
 ent characters. The inclosed will give you an idea of the footing which 
 I have put the matter upon generally. I have reasons of great weight to 
 prevent me from committing what I shall write to the inspection of any 
 other man on earth hut yourself. I’ve already seen sufficient to satisfy 
 me that I should be embarrassed by proposals to make the statement a 
 vehicle to convey acrimonious reflections and opinions to which I cannot 
 honestly subscribe. * * * 
 
 I do not expect much benefit from the answers to my letters, except 
 as to the population. Should any of my correspondents however indulge 
 me with general remarks, it will be an easy matter to lop eccentricities and 
 to enliven dull reports. 
 
 * Samuel Lee, member of the House of assembly for the County of Northum¬ 
 berland in 1795. He resided on the Restigouche River in 1788, that locality then 
 being a part of Northumberland County. 
 
 fSheriff Reed appears to have succeeded John Mark Cronk De Lesderniers, 
 the second sheriff. Benjamin Marston was first sheriff of the County of North¬ 
 umberland. 
 
 JThe reference is to Alexander Taylor. The circumstances that led to his 
 making his home at Miramichi are detailed in his letter written in April, 1808. 
 
482 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [.1802 
 
 I have now unbosomed myself to you upon this subject as freely as 
 I can under the present circumstances of ill health, &e. I have a great 
 deal more to say but I must omit it. I think I shall be able to convince 
 you that some important objects may be effected by a faithful execution 
 of this duty. As to the labour attending it I care nothing about it. Sick¬ 
 ness has not abated the vigor of my mind, nor have disappointments 
 produced despondency. As soon as I am able to work my fingers. I’ll 
 commence my; operations.. Sick as I .am I have some idea of taking my 
 own horses and attending the two Penelopes to the City [St. John] imme¬ 
 diately §ifter. Christmas. Ned Miller offers to drive me down and to return 
 again immediately. I would stay till the City Councillors come up to 
 the Assembly. Whether I shall be able to effect this or not I can’t say — 
 the contemplation of ft serves to amuse. I want very much to see Leonard 
 and yourself together, for in the hurry-scurry way we carry on the busi¬ 
 ness here I may not get a fair chance at you. I have not so much pain 
 but that I think I may risque such a visit. 
 
 Dee’r 4, 1802. 
 
 You’ll see that this letter was begun some time ago and that it was 
 written by my boy. I only intended it as a sort of “rough” to be copy’d 
 when I - was able > but as it is intelligible I shall not give myself the 
 trouble. * * * 
 
 Affectionately Yours, 
 
 P. S.. I know not how this is to be convey’d. 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 David Owen Esq. to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Compo Bello, Dec’r 15th, 1802. 
 
 Hon’ble Sir,—I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter with 
 the enclosed sketch, which I will fill up as soon as I can render the infor¬ 
 mation accurate and authentic. In the meantime suffer me to suggest the 
 necessity of speedy and very strict attention to the influx of strangers into 
 the County of. Charlotte, by no means friendly to the Government of the 
 Province, and of the reception which they find from persons at all times 
 ready to serve their peculiar interests. 
 
 Grand Manan, as yet ungranted and only (as is said) occupied by 
 Licence from Nova Scotia; affords a large field; hither they are crowding 
 under various pretences. On this* island they have endeavoured to gain 
 a footing. On Deer Island they have actually defied the proprietor, Capt. 
 
 *Campobello Island is meant. 
 
K —i 
 
 View of Campobello, A. D. 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 483 
 
 Farrell*, and built habitations. On one or two islands are houses erected 
 by these aliens. A proclamation to enforce the regular oaths would stay 
 their influx, and the practice adopted by N. Scotia would prevent their 
 smuggling to our great injury. 
 
 I am with respect Sir, 
 
 Your obliged humble serv*t, 
 
 - D. Owen. 
 
 'Rev. Frederick Dibblee f to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Woodstock, Jan’y 23rd, 1803. 
 
 Sir,—The cold season was so far advanced when I received your letter 
 of Nov. 1st that I could not make the necessary enquiries to procure the 
 
 *Captain James Farrell of Virginia was an ensign in the French war in 
 Braddock’s army. He was at one time prisoner of war in France. He married 
 in England a daughter of Admiral Fielding. Captain Farrell was present at the 
 storming of Morro Castle, Havana, in 1762. He sold his commission, and in 1770 
 purchased Deer Island, opposite St. Andrews. He fixed his residence at Choco¬ 
 late Cove, and his house is still in existence. He died there in 1823, at the age 
 of 93 years. Captain Farrell had a really romantic career. For further par¬ 
 ticulars concerning him see St. Croix Courier Hist. Series, Article xlii. 
 
 •[■Frederick Dibblee was born at Stamford, Connecticut, Dec. 9, 1753, being 
 the youngest son of Rev. Ebenezer Dibblee, D. D., for 51 years rector of that 
 parish. He was educated at Columbia College, New York, where he graduated 
 in 1776, probably with the intention of taking Holy Orders. In November, 1776, 
 Frederick Dibblee, with other Stamford Loyalists, was transported to Lebanon, 
 in the eastern part of Connecticut, but was allowed by Governor Trumbull to 
 return home the following spring. In April, 1777, when the King’s troops went 
 to Danbury, his life was threatened for refusing to take an active part with 
 the rebels, and he was obliged to take refuge on Long Island, whither his elder 
 brother, Fyler, had already gone. He engaged in trade in company with a Mr. 
 Jackson at Oyster Bay, Long Island, and acquired some property. While resid¬ 
 ing on Long Island he married Nancy Beach of Stratford. Two of her brothers, 
 William and Lewis Beach, were grantees of Kingston, N. B. Mr. Dibblee and 
 his partner in trade suffered grievously at the hands of the rebels, by whom he 
 was plundered five times to the aggregate amount of £1,200. They came in 
 whale boats from New Jersey and elsewhere. In November, 1782, they stripped 
 him and his wife of their household goods and best wearing apparel. He joined 
 the Loyalists going to St. John under the leadership of the Rev. John Sayre, 
 but could not settle his business in time to go with his brother Fyler in the 
 spring fleet of 1783. His wife’s delicate condition and his own health detained 
 him at his father’s in Stamford until the following spring, when they came to 
 New Brunswick. Rev. Dr. Dibblee tells a pathetic story of his trials and those 
 of his family in a memorial addressed to Sir Guy Carleton. He speaks of “hav- 
 “ ing his church, self and family, almost shipwrecked in the late civil tempest. 
 “ His temporal interest greatly impaired in the storm, his people diminished by 
 “ the great number fled for protection, and such as remained overborne and 
 “ oppressed with fines, imprisonments and impositions, retaliating acts,” &c. 
 
 Frederick Dibblee drew a lot in Parr Town, but went to Kingston to live, 
 where at the Easter meetings he was “Chosen to read prayers” at the house 
 of Joseph Scribner. He went to Woodstock in 1787 as a lay missionary teacher 
 to the Indians, under arrangement with the board of the New England Com¬ 
 pany. Next year he removed his family thither and took up a valuable tract of 
 land. His eldest son, the late Col. Dibblee, was born in Kingston, N. B. Fred¬ 
 erick Dibblee acted as lay reader at Woodstock, as he had done at Kingston, 
 and at length, at the request of the people, repaired to Halifax, where he was 
 ordained by Bishop Inglis, Oct. 23, 1791. He was rector of Woodstock until his 
 death in 1826. For further account of him see Historical Articles in Woodstock, 
 N. B. “Dispatch.” 
 
484 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1803 
 
 statement you requested. But this I have now accomplished and I believe 
 very correctly. 
 
 The vacant lands between us and the American Lines are undoubtedly 
 of the very best kind and of very large extent. They have been viewed 
 repeatedly by those who appear to he good judges and they all agree that 
 they are the best they ever saw for a good and extensive settlement. Mr. 
 Close and Mr. Sloakum were here just before the River closed and spent 
 several days in examining them in order to form a settlement there. One 
 great reason why so many are desirous of procuring lands in these parts 
 arises from the idea of the advantage the Americans may be to them, but 
 they all agree that the lands are superior to any they are acquainted with 
 in this or any other country. 
 
 There are not less than thirty who have it in contemplation to settle 
 there if they can meet with encouragement from Government. If the 
 Americans settle the Townships they have laid out, their lands must he 
 very valuable and will without doubt he settled if they can be granted by 
 them. 
 
 That the design which you have so generously undertaken to advance 
 the prosperity of this Province may meet with its desired success is the 
 sincere prayer of. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 
 F. Dibblee. 
 
 Rev. Frederick Dibblee’s Report on Upper Part of York Co. 
 
 The parish of Woodstock extends 32 miles along the west hank of the 
 St. John River.* 
 
 Produce:—Wheat, Rye, Indian Corn, Peas, Oats, Flax, Hemp, Beans 
 of all kinds and all vegetables in the greatest perfection with all grasses. 
 Number of horses 65, cattle 380; also a considerable number of sheep and 
 swine. 
 
 Population:—Men 87, women 76, children over ten 82, ditto under 
 ten 143; Total 388. 
 
 The Inhabitants of this parish are in general in a most flourishing 
 state. The lands that are cleared and cultivated producing equal to the 
 most sanguine expectation. There is one clergyman for Woodstock and 
 Northampton parishes. 
 
 There is a large Tract of land that is vacant stretching to the west¬ 
 ward as far as the American lines, and to the north for more than 35 miles, 
 that is superior for cultivation to any that has been examined in these 
 parts. Nothing can equal the description of those that have viewed it. 
 They report it as superior to our best Islands, the woods equally open and 
 of the best q uality that this Province produces. 
 
 *The Parish of Woodstock tit this time included the Parish of Canterbury. 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 485 
 
 The parish of Northampton* extends 39 miles on the side of the river 
 opposite to Woodstock. 
 
 Produce:—the same as Woodstock. Number of horses 36, cattle 251. 
 
 Population:—Men 61, women 53, children over ten 113, ditto under ten 
 101; Total 328. The remarks as to the state and prospects of the settlers 
 similar to Woodstock Parish. 
 
 The lands to the east of the Parish of Northampton are not equal to 
 those that extend to the west on the other side of the River, being broken 
 by Hills, Mountains and Lakes. But there are still large Tracts capable 
 of being cultivated to the best advantage. 
 
 Parish of Prince William. 
 
 State of the Population, April 1803. 
 
 Men 50, Women 44, children above ten 52, children under ten 83; Total 
 229. 
 
 N. B. Blacks included. 
 
 Lieut. Arthur Nicholson's Report. 
 
 State of Population in the District next above the Parishes of Wood- 
 stock and Northampton, extending to the River De Chute. 
 
 Presque Isle, 19th May, 1803. 
 
 
 Men. 
 
 Women. 
 
 Children Children 
 above 10. under 10. 
 
 TT. 
 
 Robert Phillips. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 Daniel Shaw.*. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 Caleb Phillips. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 Henry Shaw, Sen'r. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Advardes Shaw. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Henry Shaw, Jun'r. 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Jonathan Shaw. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 John Patterson. 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 Arden Dickson. 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 George McGee. 
 
 .1 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 John Stanley. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 Samuel Nevers. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 Pinley Grant. 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Thomas Stanley. 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Hill Carney . 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 Jonathan Brown. 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 Gab’l Davenport. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 William Orser. 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 Edward Collard . 
 
 . 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 *The Parish of Northampton included that of Southrmpton at 
 
 this time. 
 
 
486 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 Men. 
 
 John Newman. 1 
 
 John Flannagan.1 
 
 Robert Jensen.1 
 
 Timothy Woodward.1 
 
 Alex’r McKinsey.1 
 
 Donald McPherson.1 
 
 Thomas Pomphrey.1 
 
 Josiah Swim.1 
 
 Wm. McDonald.1 
 
 Henry Rider.1 
 
 Samuel Dunham.1 
 
 William Walsh.1 
 
 Richard Inman.1 
 
 John Humphries.1 
 
 John Talbot.1 
 
 William Ward.1 
 
 John Bradley.1 
 
 John Berry.1 
 
 Jonathan Parks.1 
 
 Peter George.1 
 
 John Tompkins, Sen.1 
 
 John Tompkins, Jr.1 
 
 Obadiah Tompkins.1 
 
 Elijah Tompkins.1 
 
 Jonas Partridge.1 
 
 John Tompkins.1 
 
 Henry Skidgel...1 
 
 Obadiah Skidgel.1 
 
 Henry Green.1 
 
 John Green. 1 
 
 John Lloyd.1 
 
 Roger Tompkins.1 
 
 Josiah Young.1 
 
 Simon Brooks.1 
 
 -Gates. 1 
 
 Arthur Nicholson.1 
 
 Women. Children Children T’l. 
 above 10. under 10. 
 
 1 
 
 1 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 1 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 3 
 
 1 2 
 
 1 2 
 
 1 2 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 2 4 
 
 5 10 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 3 
 
 1 3 
 
 1 3 
 
 1 3 
 
 1 6 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 3 
 
 3 7 
 1 
 
 3 5 
 
 1 3 
 
 5 9 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 1 3 
 
 3 8 
 1 
 
 4 8 
 1 
 
 3 7 
 
 1 
 
 2 6 
 1 
 
 3 5 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 11 
 
 Total...55 
 
 The above state is correct. 
 
 43 37 79 214 
 
 Arthur Nicholson, J. P. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Fredericton, March 1803. 
 
 My dear Sir John,—I very well know that your good wishes are not 
 limited to the bounds of your province but that you feel as anxious for 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 487 
 
 the fate of your neighbors as for your own. I therefore have the most 
 particular satisfaction is acquainting you in general terms that the busi¬ 
 ness of our present House of Assembly has been conducted in such a man¬ 
 ner as to open to us the fairest prospect of harmony and peace. The 
 question respecting the appointment of the Clerk has been settled in favor 
 of the prerogative of the Crown. The seat of one of the members of the 
 County of St. John has been vacated for bribery and this day closes a con¬ 
 tested election for the County of York, after a whole weeks unremitted 
 investigation. The decision is in favor of the sitting members Agnew, 
 McLean*, Davidson and Price f. The consequences of this determination 
 are important indeed, because it secures a majority of men in the House 
 who are zealous supporters of what is here called the cause of the King 
 and his Government. In the present bustle of business I cannot enter 
 into a detail, nor is it necessary, as Mr. Frazer j will be soon with you and 
 is thoroughly master of the subject. I have only to say that to this gen¬ 
 tleman we are greatly indebted for the very happy change in our affairs. 
 
 Perhaps in a pilgrimage thro’ this shabby world few men have been 
 placed in a situation more delicate and trying than your Mr. Frazer has 
 been on this occasion. The petitioning party were his country-men and 
 friends—one of ’em his namesake, with whom he had been connected in 
 business, and from whom he had received some favors and marks of atten¬ 
 tion—besides this he is a partner in one of the first mercantile houses 
 here and he is also connected with some of the most respectable characters 
 
 ^Captain Archibald McLean of the late New York Volunteers. He saw hard 
 service; was particularly distinguished for his bravery at Eutaw Springs. In 
 the war of 1812 he was staff adjutant. He died in 1830 at his residence on the 
 Nashwaak, aged 76 years. 
 
 fRev. Walter Price is referred to. In the early days of New Brunswick 
 clergymen were appointed to civic positions. For example. Rev. Jonathan Odell 
 was our first provincial secretary; Rev. Dr. John Agnew represented the County 
 of Sunbury in the house of assembly, and was recommended by Lieut. Governor 
 Carleton to a seat in the council (though not appointed); Rev. Walter Price 
 was returned for York County at the election in 1802; Rev. Oliver Arnold was a 
 leading justice of the peace in Kings County, as was Rev. George Pidgeon in 
 the County of York. On the other hand, marriages were frequently solemnized 
 by civil magistrates. See the following:— 
 
 “At Miramichi, on the 13th December, 1822, by Alexander Davidson, Esq., 
 Rev. Samuel Bacon to Eliza H., second daughter of Ebenezer Cutler, Esq., of 
 Annapolis.” 
 
 Judge Joshua Upham and Mary Chandler were married in 1792 by Jas. Law, 
 Esq., of Westmorland. The parents of the Rev. S. D. Lee Street, rector of 
 Woodstock, were married by the same magistrate in the year 1777. Rev. John 
 Millidge and Ann Botsford were married in 1797 by William Allan, Esq., of 
 Westmorland county. 
 
 Usually one magistrate in each parish was specially licensed to solemnize 
 marriages. 
 
 JJames Fraser of the County of Northumberland, later of Halifax, is hero 
 referred to. 
 
488 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 in our community. Both the petitioners [Fraser & McLeod*] are men of 
 fair and unexceptionable characters, their friends have on this occasion 
 been drawn forward and every stratagem, every political manoeuvre, that 
 the art of man could contrive has been practised to influence the opinions 
 of the members of the House. There were twenty present—exclusive of 
 the four—nine one one side, nine on the other, and the eyes of the whole 
 community fixed on James Fraser when he rose to pronounce his opinion 
 which side he meant to take, so that the scene was peculiarly interesting. 
 Nor did he immediately relieve the impatient and eager parties. Where 
 he thought censure was due he gave it without reserve, and after a manly, 
 spirited and impartial statement of the facts, he satisfied the public that 
 his discernment had secured him from deception, and that the integrity 
 of his own mind was proof against all the deliberate and insidious attacks 
 which had been made upon him. Utterly regardless of all personal or 
 private considerations, I verily believe that he gave his opinion agreeable 
 to the sober dictates of his own conscience, and he has thereby secured the 
 esteem of every man of sense in this country, and has compelled even 
 those who are disappointed, to acknowledge the honorable principles by 
 which he has been actuated. There is another contested election to be 
 tried, and then I think we shall proceed very smoothly to raise such a 
 revenue as we can afford and to apply it judiciously. Had the York elec¬ 
 tion been settled against the sitting members, we should have been plunged 
 into a scene of confusion. * * * 
 
 [Note. In a part of the rough draft of this letter crossed out by the 
 pen, Winslow had written, “That a spirit of party was pervading all orders. 
 “ As soon as I recovered health enough to enter into society, I found noth¬ 
 ing but acrimony, bitterness and recrimination. I was almost rejoiced 
 “ when the Gout compelled me to retreat.] 
 
 Donald McDonald to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [About June, 1803.] 
 
 Sir,—The enclosed statement of the Population and exports of the 
 County of Charlotte I am desired by Col. Mackay to forward to your care. 
 
 Unexpected delays in obtaining such information as did not fall 
 within my own knowledge or observation has partly hindered its being 
 
 ♦Peter Fraser and Duncan McLeod were the two defeated candidates. They 
 protested the election, and their protest was investigated hy the house of assem¬ 
 bly, which was at that time the court of appeal. The two petitioners were not 
 successful in upsetting the election, but in the general election of 1809 both were 
 returned. Duncan McLeod died in 1813, and his place was filled by the election 
 of John Murray Bliss to the assembly. 
 
1803J WINSLOW PAPERS. 489 
 
 forwarded sooner, and the present is the only opportunity that has offered 
 for St. Johns from here this three weeks past. 
 
 I have endeavoured to come at facts and feel confident of its being 
 as correct as the nature of the enquiry would admit. 
 
 I am. Sir, with the greatest esteem. 
 
 Your most obedient and 
 
 faithful humble servant, 
 
 D. McDonald. 
 
 Statement of the Population of the several Parishes in the County of 
 Charlotte, with the principal Exports of each, &c, A. D. 1803. 
 
 Parish of Saint Andrews. 
 
 Men 104—Women 106—Children 277—Total 487. Since the year 
 1785 there has been built in this Parish about 42 sail of Square rigged 
 vessels, besides small Craft. Tonnage 9,040 tons. There are 4 single 
 Saw Mills in the Parish which cut annually about 400,000 feet of Boards. 
 
 Parish of Saint Stephen. 
 
 Men 168—Women 134—Children 381—Total 683. This Parish fur¬ 
 nishes large quantities of Lumber. There are 7 Saw Mills on the waters 
 of the Scoodiac which cut annually 4,000,000 feet of Boards; great quan¬ 
 tities of Shingles are made likewise. During the late war two vessels 
 loaded here yearly with masts for the use of Government. About 3,000 
 barrels of Alewives are annually taken at the falls. There has been lately 
 5 sail of shipping built in the Parish, Tonnage about 840 tons. 
 
 Parish of Saint David. 
 
 Men 49—Women 51—Children 186—Total 286. There are 2 Saw 
 Mills in this parish which cut yearly about 200,000 feet of Boards. Some 
 masts for Government were here furnished during the war. The land in 
 this Parish is of excellent quality, the Settlers the most indpendent Far¬ 
 mers of any in the County. The land averages 20 Bushels wheat, 25 
 Indian Com [per acre.] 
 
 Saint Patrick’s Parish. 
 
 Men 50—Women 46—Children 133—Total 229. In this Parish 
 there is a Single and Double Saw Mill which have hitherto cut about 
 400,000 feet of Boards. Additional improvements making this year pro¬ 
 mise large increase in the exports from this Parish. Mr. Osborne, an 
 English Gentleman, has this Spring erected a mill on the Russian plan, 
 now going, which works fifteen saws in a frame, for the purpose of cutting 
 Deals for the English market. 
 
490 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 Parish of Saint George. 
 
 Men 78—Women 82—Children 240—Total 400. This parish is 
 growing to importance in its exports. The number of Mills has lately in¬ 
 creased to 5 which will cut yearly about 2,300,000 feet of Boards. The 
 immense quantity of Pine lately discovered in the interior of the Parish 
 and capable of being brought down the Maguguadavick River may here¬ 
 after prove an endless source of Spars for the use of Government, besides 
 a sufficiency for the supply of almost any number of Mills. The Parish is 
 well calculated for raising stock, and the land produces very good crops 
 of Wheat, Com, Oats, Potatoes & Flax. It cures about 400 quintals of 
 Fish and manufactures about 700 hogsheads of Lime yearly. 
 
 Parish of Penfield. 
 
 Population: Total 54. 
 
 There are two Saw Mills in the Parish which cut about 400,000 feet 
 of Boards. The inhabitants are principally Quakers, settled on a good 
 tract of land, who make excellent Farmers and live very comfortable. 
 There was 2 vessels built at Beaver Flarbor, about 250 Tons. 
 
 Parish of Campo Bello. 
 
 Men 47—Women 44—Children 154—Total 245. In the year 1794 
 there was imported from Nova Scotia & the western extremity of this Pro¬ 
 vince into this Parish about 100 tons of Gypsum, commonly called Plaster; 
 in the year 1795 about 250 tons; and the importation has been gradually 
 increasing. Last year the quantity imported amounted to nearly 14,000 
 tons. Four fifths of all the Plaster is landed on Campo Bello. It is re¬ 
 shipped for Philadelphia & New York in American vessels. About 5 Sail 
 of Square rigged vessels have been built in the Parish, Tonnage 840 tons, 
 besides 6 vessels from about 40 to 100 tons now owned in the Parish. 
 About 25 Boats, which take annually 4,000 quintals of Cod & scale Fish— 
 these fish are disposed of green to the American traders on Moose Island. 
 
 Grand Manan Island. 
 
 Men 21—Women 23—Children 77—Total 121. On the Island there 
 has been three Brigs built & a Schooner; Tonnage 370 tons. It is said to 
 contain large quantities of good sound Birch timber for Ship Building. 
 It’s well calculated for raising Stock. The Moose Deer brought on the 
 Island by the present Inhabitants are found to increase rapidly. There 
 are about 3,000 quintals of Fish taken and cured yearly by the Inhabitants. 
 
 Deer Island & its Dependencies. 
 
 Men 32—Women 30—Children 55—Total 117. About 2,500 quin¬ 
 tals Fish are yearly taken by the Inhabitants which are chiefly disposed of 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 491 
 
 green to the American Traders on Moose Island. About 5,000 Boxes of 
 Herring are smoked yearly on this, G. Manan & Campo Bello Islands. 
 
 Kecapitulation. 
 
 Population of the County: 
 
 Men 549—Women 516—Children 1503. Total 2622 . 
 
 Exports: 
 
 Amount of Tonnage 11,660; Feet of Boards 7,700,000; Quintals Fish 
 9,900; Barrels Fish 3,000; Tons of Plaster 14,000; Hogsheads Lime 700. 
 
 Colonel Hugh Mackay* to Colonel Edward Winslow. 
 
 Suther Hall, Charlotte County, 
 
 1st June, 1803. 
 
 My dear Sir,—Your esteemed favor of the 6th May I had the pleasure 
 of receiving last evening. 
 
 Being very anxious to furnish you as soon as possible with such infor¬ 
 mation respecting the present state of the country as you desired, and 
 being unable to perform the service myself owing to a severe relapse I have 
 had of my old complaint since my return from Fredericton, which confined 
 me to my room for nearly five weeks, I got my friend Mr. Donald Mc¬ 
 Donald to promise to prepare and forward to you the statement wanted, 
 which I trust he has done long ere this, and that you have or will receive 
 it time enough to enable you to include this county in your general repres¬ 
 entation. Mr. Owen, I think, told me that when he was at Fredericton he 
 had delivered either to you or Mr. Odell an account of the Exports, popula¬ 
 tion &c., of the Island of Campo-Bello, which from his local knowledge of 
 that place probably may be more accurate than that which was furnished 
 by Mr. McDonald, altho ? his was taken from Capt. Hatch, who occasionally 
 resides upon Campo-Bello, and whose means of information I should sup¬ 
 pose are sufficient to enable him to give a correct statement of these 
 particulars, especially of the article of Plaster—he being a principal dealer 
 in that commodity. 
 
 You no doubt have heard of the polite treatment received by Mr. 
 James Frazer and myself from the City democrats on our return to St. 
 
 ♦Hugh Mackay was gazetted an ensign in the Queen’s Rangers, May 21, 
 1778, and was promoted lieutenant in 1779. He came to New Brunswick in 1783, 
 and settled at St. George, where he soon became a leading man in the affairs of 
 Charlotte County. In 1792 he was elected a member of the house of assembly, 
 and continued a representative for more than thirty years. He was gazetted 
 colonel of militia November 1, 1793, and retained the position many years. He 
 was the only “full colonel” in the province. He engaged quite extensively in 
 milling and lumbering. He was for a long time senior justice of the court of 
 common pleas for the County of Charlotte. He died in 1843, at the great age of 
 97 years. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 John. This however shows how sore and disappointed they feel after their 
 defeat in the last session. They have, thank God, been completely frus¬ 
 trated in all their plans of disorganization and confusion, and I trust a few 
 such campaigns as the last will place the Province on a prosperous and 
 respectable footing, and rescue it effectually from that destruction with 
 which it was threatened by the insidious and wicked acts of a turbulent 
 and discontented faction. 
 
 Captain Vardon, having in my absence been prevented from accepting 
 the appointment of Sheriff by the intimidation and threatenings of a cer¬ 
 tain party in the County, they had concluded that Mr. Dunn’s removal 
 would not again be attempted, and that matters would be suffered to go on 
 in their usual way to the great oppression of many of the Inhabitants, and 
 to secure his continuance in office more effectually a letter addressed to Mr. 
 Dunn (a copy of which has since been printed in the Royal Gazette) I am in¬ 
 formed was drafted by the Junto’s Secretary, Mr. Henry B. Brown, and laid 
 before the Grand Jury in April term by one of its members for their con¬ 
 currence; the Jury, which consisted only of fourteen, and had been doubtless 
 picked for the purpose (for all of them except one are of that party) readily 
 agreed to the measure and directed their foreman to sign it as conveying 
 the unanimous sentiments of the whole. Thus fortified by so honorable 
 a testimony from the Grand Jury, Dunn* and his party concluded nothing 
 more was to be apprehended on the score of removal—but to their great 
 surprise and mortification, Mr. Elisha Andrews on the Monday following 
 was qualified, and immediately entered on the functions of his office, and 
 I think the County will soon feel the benefit of the change. But between 
 you and me, Peace and tranquility will never be effectually established in 
 this County while R. Pagan, Nathan Frink, and Ninian Lindsay are con¬ 
 tinued on the Commission of the Peace. The two latter the real incen¬ 
 diaries—indeed from the violent conduct of all three, both at home and 
 abroad, they have forfeited all claim to the least indulgence from Govern¬ 
 ment. t It was hinted to me by a friend, when last at Fredericton, that it 
 was in contemplation to make a new Roll for the Province; if so I hope 
 you will have the goodness to bear this matter in mind. Should our 
 worthy Governor go to England I hope his intentions are to return to his 
 Government as soon as his private business may permit. His integrity, 
 urbanity, and rectitude of conduct have greatly endeared him to every 
 good person in this Province, and consequently makes us all anxious about 
 
 *John Dunn came from New York and was one of the founders of St. An¬ 
 drews. He was second sheriff of Charlotte county, holding the office from 1790 
 to 1803. For many years he was collector of customs. He died at St. Andrews 
 in 1829, aged 76 years. A large stone tablet marks his last resting place in the 
 old burial ground. 
 
 f Party feeling in Charlotte County seems in early days to have run high. 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 493 
 
 his safety and speedy return. May heaven reward him according to his 
 virtues and then I am sure he will be completely happy. 
 
 I conclude with pleasure, since you say nothing to the contrary, that 
 you are reinstated in your health, which blessing I sincerely wish you a 
 continuance of. Please tender my best respects to my worthy friends Col. 
 Hailes and Captain Sproule. 
 
 I am dear Sir, Yours truly, 
 
 Hugh Mackay. 
 
 Report of George Leonard, Jun., on Kings County. 
 
 [July, 1803.] 
 
 There are seven parishes, viz, Westfield, Greenwich, Kingston, Spring- 
 field, Norton, Sussex and Hampton. The largest of which is Kingston; 
 in the center is a town platt with a handsome Church, hut little or no im¬ 
 provements as a town, the lots having been purchased and connected into 
 farms. Within three miles of the Town is the Court House for the 
 County. This parish, altho’ the largest is less fertile than most of the 
 others as there are no waters communicating with it that produce intervale. 
 
 The parishes of Sussex, Springfield, Norton and Hampton are best 
 cultivated and most productive. At Sussex Yale is a decent Church built 
 by the inhabitants without any aid from Government, and a handsome 
 Academy for the civilization and support of a certain number of Indians 
 supported by a donation from England. 
 
 The principal river is the Kennebecasis, which is navigable for vessels 
 of any burthen 20 miles and for about 30 miles for vessels of 6 feet draft. 
 Above 30 miles it is navigable for flat bottomed boats upward of 30 miles 
 more where it divides itself into two branches, the one called Salmon, the 
 other Trout River; the latter is too small for navigation of any kind but is 
 remarkable for the fertility and high cultivation of its extensive intervales 
 which yield grain and grass in abundance. There is also a small River 
 leading into the Kennebecasis about 20 miles from its mouth called the 
 Little Kennebecasis, or Hammond River, which is shoal and only navigable 
 in the spring and autumn except for Bark canoes; its intervales are how¬ 
 ever extensive and rich. 
 
 The productions are such as are common to America, viz, Wheat, Rye 
 (both summer and winter), Indian Com, Barley, Oats, Peas, Beans, Elax, 
 Potatoes and every kind of vegetables in perfection and abundance. 
 Horses, homed cattle, sheep, hogs, butter and cheese, masts, spars, ton- 
 timber, staves, trenails, boards, birch plank, &c. 
 
 There have been built within the County and principally in the par¬ 
 ishes of Kingston and Hampton, within this five years, about 7,200 tons 
 of shipping. 
 
494 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 At the head of the Kennebecasis River, about 50 miles from its mouth 
 are two very valuable and extensive quarries of Plaster of Paris, which at 
 some future day may become a valuable article of export. There is also 
 a very excellent Salt spring, which, if properly attended to, would make 
 sufficient salt for the supply of the inhabitants in that part of the country. 
 
 This County is principally agricultural and annually sends about 200 
 or 300 barrels of flour to market, formerly more, but the ravages of the 
 Hessian fly have considerably reduced the exportation. 
 
 There are very considerable exports of tun timber, spars, lumber, &c, 
 which cannot be ascertained with any precision from no entry of it being 
 made at St. John or elsewhere. 
 
 The County, like most others in the Province is not in a high state of 
 cultivation, but is making rapid progress in many parts of it particularly at 
 the head of the Kennebecasis River where the intervales are extensive, 
 which are generally cleared of the timber and in most places free from 
 stumps so as to admit the introduction of the plow with facility and are in¬ 
 exhaustibly productive. The settlements of Bellisle also yield good crops 
 of winter wheat and Rye and are flourishing in other respects very fast. 
 The improvements on the Hammond River are at a stand, as the rich parts 
 of it were originally cultivated by the French, and the upland generally 
 very stony and sterile and in fact unfit for cultivation. The new settle¬ 
 ment of the Mill Stream, as it is called, (a branch of the Kennebecasis 
 about 40 miles from its mouth) is rapidly improving, and bids fair to be a 
 productive settlement for grain and stock, no grants are yet made to the 
 settlers on it. 
 
 The lower part of the Kennebecasis is principally calculated for ship¬ 
 building. 
 
 There are large tracts of ungranted lands lying between Sussex Yale 
 and the Bay of Fundy which at some future period will make valuable 
 settlements and of course make a communication between the interior and 
 the Bay, and facilitate the exportation of Lumber which is in great abun¬ 
 dance in that quarter. 
 
 Lastly it is with pleasure that I remark that the Inhabitants of the 
 County of Kings have ever manifested an unshaken Loyalty to His Majesty 
 and a steady adherence to the established government of this Country. 
 
 Report of Col. James Peters on Queens County. 
 
 July 24, 1803. 
 
 The parishes of this county are Gagetown and Hampstead on the south 
 west, Waterborough and Wickham on the north east side of the River St. 
 John, of which Gage is the shire-town, where a plat of land has been appro- 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 495 
 
 priated and regularly laid out for a Town, fronting one mile on Grimross 
 Creek, which is from 30 to 40 rods in width distant about half a mile from 
 where it communicates with the river St. John. This creek, or inlet, ex¬ 
 tends about 3 miles, when it widens and forms two small lakes. It affords 
 throughout the whole extent thereof a most secure and excellent harbour 
 during the breaking up of the ice in the river, as it has depth of water 
 sufficient for vessels of any burden that can navigate the river, which cir¬ 
 cumstance, added to its central situation between Fredericton and St. John, 
 and its proximity to the Grand and the Washdemoic Lakes cannot fail very 
 much to increase the settlement of this pleasant little village, and at some 
 future period render it as considerable as any other inland Town in the 
 Province. At present it consists of only 14 dwelling houses and about an 
 equal number of barns, shops, etc, inhabited mostly by tradesmen. The 
 County House and Church are two very decent well finished buildings. 
 
 The principal rivers are Salmon, at the head of Grand Lake, and the 
 Washademoic at the head of the lake of that name, both of which are 
 navigable spring and fall for large flat-bottomed boats, such as the Dur¬ 
 ham, to the extent of 50 or 60 miles; the first of which at the distance of 
 20 or 30 miles up divides into two branches, one of which is called Gas- 
 perow and leads towards the Miramishi and the other still keeping the 
 name of Salmon river extends towards the Roshebucto; and the latter 
 [Washademoak] extends towards the Pedioac river from which they are 
 separated by portages of from 3 to 7 miles over which the Indians carry 
 their birch canoes. There are also a number of smaller rivers and creeks 
 which, when the waters are up, are also navigable for flat bottomed boats 
 and afford an opportunity of conveying to market the lumber there col¬ 
 lected into rafts. There are also a number of, smaller streams not navigable 
 to any extent that are perhaps equally advantageous in a country so 
 abounding with navigable waters, as they afford so many good situations 
 for Mills, of which there are now erected within the county seven Grist 
 mills, four Saw mills and one Fulling mill. 
 
 The principal lakes of the county are the Grand and the Washade¬ 
 moic, the former about 30 miles long and from 3 to 6 wide, and the latter 
 about the same length and from 1 to 3 broad: both communicate with the 
 river St. John by narrow runs of water from 20 to 30 rods in width and 
 are navigable at the dryest seasons of the year for vessels of any burden 
 that can navigate the river St. John. The Maquapit Lake is connected 
 with the Grand also by a narrow run of water of about 15 or 20 rods in 
 width and that again with the French Lake by a run of about the same 
 width, also navigable to the extent of about 20 miles for wood boats that 
 will carry 20 cords. Herring in great abundance go up into all these lakes 
 and rivers and are taken at the very doors of the settlers in great plenty 
 
496 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 for family use, and also in considerable quantities for exportation. Salmon, 
 Shad and Bass are also taken in many parts thereof in great plenty for 
 family use and of smaller fish, such as Trout, Perch, Chub, Eels, &c, &e, 
 they are everywhere caught in all the small rivers through the country. 
 
 The productions are such as are common in America, viz.. Wheat and 
 Bye (both summer and winter), Indian com, Barley, Oats, Peas, Beans, 
 Flax, Potatoes and almost every kind of vegetables in high perfection and 
 in great abundance. Horses, Homed Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, Butter and 
 Cheese, Masts, Spars, Tun Timber, Staves, Trenails, Fish;—of which 
 articles (except grain) there are annually sent to St. John for the supply 
 of that city and for exportation to a very considerable amount. There are 
 built within the County annually several Ships or Brigs, besides smaller 
 vessels. 
 
 From some trials made in the culture of hemp there is not much doubt 
 but it will succeed well on the rich Intervale Lands, and also on many 
 other tracts which appear to be equally fertile and well adapted for that 
 article, but the want of Labourers skilled in the cultivation of it and the 
 very high price of labor, will necessarily prevent the attention of the farmer 
 to that article to any considerable extent. 
 
 The Coal mines on the Grand Lake, and Newcastle & Coal Creeks, both 
 of which empty themselves into that lake, are supposed to be very exten¬ 
 sive, but of what future benefit they may be can at present only be mere 
 conjecture. The garrisons at Fredericton and St. John have been supplied 
 with several hundred chaldrons, and from them also the Blacksmiths 
 within the province get their supplies. The stratum, or vein, lies a few 
 feet above the level of the water at its common height and appears to run 
 into the banks horizontal therewith. 
 
 The population of Queens County is as follows:—Men, 411, women 
 373, children over ten 570, children under ten 765; Total 2,119. 
 
 Very great exertions have in general been made towards subduing a 
 rugged wilderness, but the want of a sufficient number of labourers very 
 much retards the same. Still, however, in taking a view of the settlements 
 you almost every where find very comfortable framed dwelling houses, 
 bams and out houses, handsome fields of arable lands and mowing ground, 
 well fenced and under a good state of cultivation and improvement, and 
 in many places young thrifty orchards beginning to bear; and what is still 
 more pleasing you everywhere find a numerous progeny of fine hardy youth, 
 decently and comfortably clothed and plentifully fed. 
 
 When it is considered that the settlements in this County have been 
 made entirely by the Loyal Emigrants, who came here at the close of the 
 American Bebellion, and set themselves down on the lands assigned them 
 by Government, in the most indigent circumstances and many of them 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 497 
 
 with large families and without any other prospect for their subsistence 
 than their sovereign’s bounty and their own virtuous exertions, it affords 
 not only a high evidence of their prudence and industry, but is also a most 
 convincing proof of the fertility of the soil, and that nothing more is want¬ 
 ing to render the Province a rich and flourishing Colony than a renewal of 
 the Government’s liberality in making suitable grants of the Crown Lands 
 to their children as they come to age and wish to settle and improve them, 
 and also to such other loyal subjects as may emigrate to the Province in 
 order to become permanent settlers. 
 
 The lands situate on the Eiver St. John, and also on the Lakes and 
 navigable rivers are nearly all under grant to the extent generally of about 
 one mile and three quarters to three miles back from the waters, but a 
 considerable number of those persons to whom they were granted have since 
 left the Province or neglected to comply with the conditions of their grants, 
 by which they are become liable to escheat, and on many of those grants 
 inquisition has been held on the application of industrious young men, and 
 other settlers who have large families and are desirous of settling them. 
 There are also on many of the smaller rivers large tracts of good land which 
 have not been granted, as also the lands in the rear of the first grants, and 
 as the country settles and improves will no doubt become equally valuable, 
 as in many parts they will be found of superior quality. 
 
 * * * The above return of the Population of Queens County 
 
 is collected from the returns made to me by the Captains of Militia as cer¬ 
 tified by them, and the other statements are from my own knowledge, or 
 from the information of the most respectable inhabitants. 
 
 James Peters, Col. of Militia. 
 
 Eev. Walter Price’s Eeport on the Parish of St. Mary’s, York Co. 
 
 August 8th, 1803. 
 
 Extent of Parish 12 miles by 30. 
 
 Population: men 184, women 193, children above ten 235, children 
 under ten 260, slaves 31, Total 903. 
 
 State of cultivation,—2,302 acres of cleared land of the best quality. 
 
 There are two lakes in the parish, the 1st lying north 3 miles from 
 Fredericton covering about twelve acres of land,* which might be con¬ 
 verted with a very trifling expence into a Mill-Pond, the vicinity abounding 
 with Pine, Birch, Elm, Spruce, Fir, Maple & Beech; the 2nd lying betwixt 
 the JSTashwaksis Settlement & that of Ham’s, but of no consequence owing 
 to its inland situation.! 
 
 ♦This lake is now known as Killarney; but was formerly called Heron’s Lake. 
 fThis lake, situate near “ Hamtown” on the Cardigan road, is marked in Loggle’s 
 map of New Brunswick, as Lake Carleton. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 The Biver Nash walk running northerly and falling into the St. John 
 is settled about thirty miles from its mouth. On this river there are large 
 Tracts of Interval Lands of the first quality, producing Wheat, Barley, 
 Bye, Indian Corn, peas, potatoes and Oats, with large quantities of Hay. 
 It is generally thought the low lands in this parish are well adapted for 
 Hemp. No experiments however in this article have been made owing 
 perhaps to the necessity the settlers are under of first attending to the pro¬ 
 visions of Life and the want of surplus labor beyond this object, or the 
 ignorance of the settlers in the culture & manufacture of it. 
 
 The Madam Kiswick, running nearly the same course with the Nash- 
 walk hut not so far into the country, produces the same articles. The 
 interval on this Biver is not so large nor of so good a quality as that on the 
 Nashwalk, but the upland is generally better. 
 
 In this Parish there are veins of Coal, Iron Ore (both Bock & Bog), 
 Yellow Oaker and Lead, with large tracts of valuable ungranted land. 
 These lands however are not likely, nor any in the Province, to he made 
 rapidly productive in their greatest extent from the want of certain Labor, 
 nor is that to he expected from European importations, being convinced 
 that the natural population will best suit the climate and the arduous task 
 of encountering the uncultivated part of this province. Introducing Afri¬ 
 cans to this climate will I doubt be found ineffectual. 
 
 Alexander Taylor’s Beport. 
 
 A Summary account of the State & Situation of the County of North¬ 
 umberland coastwise—that is to say from Shadiake southerly to Bestigouch 
 northerly, both inclusive. A. D. 1803. 
 
 Shadiake Harbor carrys only about 6 feet water for a long distance. 
 About 3 miles distance thereof on both sides seems to be large quantitys 
 of Marsh Hay, particularly on the south side along the coast. There are 
 about 20 Pamilys settled round a small Bason the Harbor forms. The 
 country for a considerable distance up the Biver is well situated for Good 
 Land & Timber of all kinds. The Inhabitants hath their Communication 
 to the south by Peticoatjack Biver and Mamheremcook Biver. Some part 
 of the road is very Boggy & Barron. Some Herrings comes in to Shadiake 
 Biver in the Spring. 
 
 The distance between Shadiake Harbor and Cockayne Harbor is 2 1-2 
 Leagues; there seems to he very good land between these two Harbors. 
 Cackayne is a fine comodious Harbor for small vessels, carrys from 3 to 4 
 fathoms water for a small distance inside and hath no Bar on the outside— 
 hath about 15 French Familys settled therein. It is well situated for land 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 499 
 
 & Timber, also for Marsh Hay, and it’s reckoned the 2nd best place on this 
 Coast for Oysters, and the lands all aronnd it looks low and fertile and con- 
 tinueth so till it comes to the next Harbor called Bucktoush Harbor, which 
 it about 9 miles distance from Cockayne Harbor. 
 
 Bucktoush carrys the best water of any Harbor in that quarter, but is 
 very narrow in the passage. It is supposed and hath the appearance to be 
 the best place for a settlement on that coast, and the largest soundest 
 White Pine Timber of any in the country—hath about 11 Famillys in it. 
 From Bucktoush to Bishibuctou Head, which is about 7 Leagues, the lands 
 along the coast look Boggy and Barron, but where the Rivers runs up into 
 the country the land gets much better and makes it Beneficial both for 
 Coast & River Settlers on acct. of the carraige & navigation. 
 
 Rishibuctou hath 2 Rivers belonging to its Harbor which Rivers pro¬ 
 duces considerable of fish, particularly small fish. It is a Bar Harbor and 
 somewhat deficult to navigate a vessel in or out. The Inhabitants are 
 about 70 (I mean famillys). They are very well supplyed. with Marsh Hay 
 and Timber. From the Harbor of Rishabuctou to the entrance of two 
 good Rivers called Pissabeguake & Pissabeguashes it’s about 3 Leagues dis ¬ 
 tance. These two small Rivers forms about 3 miles apart from one another 
 Bar Harbors that will not receive any but small vessels, but situated with 
 as fine land and marsh as any in the Province of Hew Brunswick—hath 
 only about 8 or 10 Famillys and might accomodate at least 40 more without 
 taking any back lands. They make a very good Salmon fishing yearly of 
 the Beaches, and might catch as many small fish as they pleased, and very 
 good Timber. 
 
 From said Harbor running northerly along shore to Point Eskiminack 
 is about 6 Leagues in which distance the lands are generally poor but there 
 are great quantitys of Marsh, which might keep Stock to cause any sort of 
 land to yield. 
 
 The Coast all along from Cockayne to Point Eskiminack, and also 
 from Miramichi to Caraquid (or Caragate) is bounded in by a sand bank 
 and by [low islands]. From Point Eskiminack to the entrance to the 
 Harbor, or inside Bay, of Miramichi is about 35 miles; some of the land 
 very good others Indifirant. 
 
 Meantime it’s evident that were every lot settled from the extremity 
 of the one side of the County to the other along Shore, there would be 
 marsh enough (reckoning the division at an average) to serve every Settler. 
 
 Further observed, that from Shadiake to Point Eskiminack there is no 
 Codfish to be had through the straits, but from Point Eskiminack all along 
 to Ristigoush is excellent Codfish, and even close in shore, often catched 
 by people in Canoes. 
 
 Further we have no Towns in this County which is the ruin of the 
 
500 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 place. Towns & people to cultivate the land and follow the fishing, lum¬ 
 bering, &c, and thereby have produce to bring to Market is what would be 
 the making of the place. In short it’s a good country lost while it remains 
 as it is. It’s true we have a Town alloted at Beaubair’s Point, Miramichi, 
 but we have no people to Tenement or Inhabit it, neither have we Country 
 Inhabitants to bring anything to Market. In short we want more settlers 
 and them to be aided a little at first from home—and some assistance to 
 the publick here to erect Towns, &c, &c, as Government at home, with the 
 advice of our Government may think fit. 
 
 1 now proceed to speak of the Miramichi Bay, Eiver, & Branches; viz, 
 S. W. Branch, from the head of the main navigation upward to the Portash 
 leading to Fredericton is about 80 miles. Do, from said navigation to 
 Okeans River,* leading to the City of St. John, 45 miles. The chief part 
 of the land on said distances very good. The number of Famillys thereon 
 settled about 30 on lands laid out in 60 & 80 rod lots. The N. W. Branch, 
 above the main navigation, is about 7 miles settled with only 10 Famillys— 
 the land very good. In both Branches are some front & back meadows. 
 From said navigation in both Branches downward—to Oak Point on the 
 north side & Point aux Car on the south side is about 30 miles each side. 
 Number of famillys about 100; lands generally good and laid out in 60 Rod 
 Lots. From Oak-Point N. and Point aux Car S. sides to the entry of the 
 Harbor, or the mouth of (what is commonly called) Bay inside, the dis¬ 
 tance is about 18 miles; number of Famillys about 40. On the north side 
 is in general sunk, barron land—south side very good lands in general and 
 good Timber. In the several distances above mentioned there are 9 or 10 
 small Rivers who emptys into Miramichi, and are but little Inhabited as 
 yet, which Rivers do extend considerably into the Country, and are by far 
 the best situated for good land, good Timber, and several Meadows, with a 
 few fish of differant sorts. The chief sorts of Timber the whole of the 
 above places produces fit for market are White & Red Pine, Black Birch, 
 & Rock Maple. From the mouth of the Harbor, or Bay inside, to the 
 mouth of the Branches is about 40 miles distance & will navigate vessels of 
 almost any size when carefully piloted. This River, Bay, & Branches 
 affords a great many fish of differant sorts. 
 
 From the Harbor of Miramichi northward to Tracady is about 12 
 Leagues distance. Tracady hath a Bar Harbor and runs about 9 feet 
 water. The number of Famillys settled there are about 35—inclusive of 
 a place called Tabisintack, between Miramichi and Tracady. The lands 
 
 *Okean’s river is now known as Cain’s river. From its head waters there 
 is a short portage to the Gaspereau river by which there is communication 
 with Grand Lake, and the River St. John. This route, between St. John and 
 Miramichi, was frequently used in early times. It was traversed by Benjamin 
 Marston in 1786. 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 501 
 
 generally good with, abundance of Marsh Hay. The chief of the Timber 
 in this distance is White Pine fit for Lumber. 
 
 From Tracady to Pockmush, distance 3 Leagues—deep of the Harbor 
 about 10 feet. Humber of Famillys about 7. Extraordinary good land 
 for about 14 miles up from the Harbor. Well situated with Marsh Hay all 
 along the shore, but not much good Timber. Abundance of Bass and 
 Alewives Spring and Fall. 
 
 From Pockmush to Shipagang Harbor distance about 2 Leagues—this 
 Harbor running through to the Bay of Shallure, distance through about 3 
 Leagues. South side of said Harbor shallow but very convenient for fish¬ 
 ing vessels and small craft. North side very deep water & thought one of 
 the best Harbors on this coast for any size of vessel. Number of Famillys 
 about 5. The chief part of the lands—including Misquo Island (supposed 
 40 miles in circumference) is reckoned among the best lands on this coast. 
 
 From Shipagang Harbor to Caraquid is about 3 Leagues. The chief 
 of the lands low and Boggy, but plenty of Marsh Hay. Number of Fam¬ 
 illys about 55. The land these famillys occupy about Caraquid is poor 
 shandrif land. 
 
 From Caraquid to Nipisigui Harbor is 12 Leagues in which distance 
 a barron front attends the land. Nipisigue Harbor runs about 15 feet 
 water and is a very convenient safe harbor. Number of Famillys about 
 35. The lands tolerable & plenty of Marsh Hay and considerable White 
 Pine Timber. 
 
 From Nipisigue to River Jacket in Ristigouch Bay is about 30 miles 
 distance. Land very poor & barron in general. The land on River Jacket 
 for the space of 10 miles or more very good and abundance of Marsh Hay. 
 Number of Famillys about 10. 
 
 From Jacket River to the mouth of the River Ristigouch the distance 
 is about 18 miles, the land tolerable, but hath no marsh, number of Fam¬ 
 illys about 14. 
 
 From the mouth of Ristigouch to the head of the Tide is about 24 
 miles; the navigation runs about 18 miles up the River, 4 fathoms water. 
 Number of Famillys 12—the land appearing good in front but no marsh 
 nor any quantity of good Timber. From the head of the Tide upwards 
 fine land. 
 
 From Point Eskiminack to the mouth of the Ristigouch, which is 
 above 44 Leagues, abounds with Codfish along the coast handy to the shore. 
 And every River from Shadiake to Bay of Shallure affords various kinds 
 of fish. There are numbers of fine spruce spars every where throughout 
 the county. 
 
 There are in this County about 480 Famillys which I suppose may 
 
502 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1803 
 
 be allowed to be multiplyed by the figure 6 which will make about 4,880* 
 [sic] people young and old two thirds of which I reckon above 10 years 
 old and one third under 10 years and I’m well convinced the Rivers and 
 Coast parts of this County could accommodate double that number without 
 respect to Towns or back lands being inhabited. As to the interior parts 
 of the County I can procure no further idea of it than that it abounds 
 with good Timber, good fresh water and hath the appearance of good land. 
 Slaves we have none. Our only trade is Fish, Lumber, and some furs, the 
 furs not so plenty as formerly. Masts, Yards and Bow sprits may be had 
 here. Servants are much wanted here. 
 
 Alex’r Taylor. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE AT PASSAMAQUODDY. 
 
 Note by the Editor. 
 
 In 1803 Lieut. Gov. Carleton proposed to the British Government to 
 establish a Custom House near the Boundary Line, with the view of pre¬ 
 venting the extensive smuggling then carried on. In this he was strongly 
 supported by George Leonard, who in 1797 had been appointed by the 
 British Government to be “Superintendent of Trade and Fisheries on the 
 “ coasts of the Provinces and Islands in North America from Gaspee, in 
 “ the Gulf of St. Lawrence, unto and including the Bay of Passamaquoddy, 
 “ comprising the waters of the Bay of Fundy, Chignecto & Minas, the coasts 
 “of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the Islands of St. John and 
 “ Cape Breton, and the Madelaine Islands.” 
 
 Edward Winslow was recommended to the Secretary of State by Gov¬ 
 ernor Carleton as Collector of Customs at Passamaquoddy, and the recom¬ 
 mendation was supported by Geo. Leonard and Sir John Wentworth, and 
 in England by Province Agent W. Knox and Colonel Lutwyehe. William 
 Wanton, the Collector at St. John (of which Passamaquoddy was an out¬ 
 post), was then in England, and opposed the measure strongly. The 
 English Government were much engrossed in carrying on the French war, 
 and as a consequence no steps were taken in the matter. Colonel Winslow 
 would have been glad to receive the appointment, as he was straitened for 
 the means of livelihood, and by reason of his experience as Collector of 
 Customs at Plymouth, and subsequently at Boston, the position would 
 have been not uncongenial. 
 
 OFFICES HELD BY EDWARD WINSLOW. 
 
 [That which follows is a fragment in Edward Winslow’s handwriting; 
 it has neither date nor address, but most probably was written about the 
 close of the year 1788 to some friend in England. It is therefore not 
 printed in chronological order.] 
 
 *Mr. Taylor has already specified his estimate of the number of families 
 in seventeen settlements; the total, 479, practically agrees with his statement 
 above. He, however, multiplies the families by ten instead of by six. The 
 population of the same district by the first census, in 1824, was 15,829 souls. 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 503 
 
 The offices I held at Plymouth were considered as “durante vita/’ 
 The execution of the duties of those offices with spirit and decision reduced 
 me from the pinnacle of popularity to the most obnoxious of all mankind, 
 and I was among the first who were obliged to cut and run, which by the 
 way I did not do until by a formal vote of a County Congress assembled 
 at Plymouth I was rendered incapable of holding any office of trust and it 
 was declared to be meritorious in any good subject to render my position 
 untenable and a committee ordered to demand my Records as Registrar of 
 Probate, Clerk of the Common Pleas and Naval Officer. This handsome 
 proposal I concisely declined. I secured the records and they remained 
 in safe custody until the war was over, and were then delivered to the suc¬ 
 cessors in office. 
 
 When I lost my offices at Plymouth, General Gage and the Commis¬ 
 sary made me a Collector of the Customs at Boston and Registrar of Probate 
 for the County of Suffolk. These offices were a compensation in some 
 degree, so long as they continued, but when Boston was abandoned, 
 although I secured another set of records, I lost every other security [for 
 earning a livelihood]. Sir Wm. Iiowe then gave me a military compensa¬ 
 tion by making me Muster-master-general and that was so respectable that 
 I considered myself amply satisfied until the war was over. Nor did I 
 murmur when General Fox politely offered to make me military secretary 
 at Halifax, for I considered myself in some degree provided for because 
 10s. [per diem] in addition to my half pay enabled my family to exist. 
 
 * * But when the Secretary of State obliged me to relinquish my 
 
 office of Military Secretary by deciding that “it was a mere military office, 
 and that if I held it I could not retain half pay,” I thought it was time 
 to apply to the Commissioners on the Loyalist claims. If there is an idea 
 that I hold any office in New Brunswick which can possibly be considered 
 as a compensation I beg through you to undeceive the Commissioners. I 
 have the honor to be one of His Majesty’s Council for this province, and 
 I consider it a very high honor, but I have never been able to calculate 
 how much honor goes to a pound; for this service there is no allowance. 
 
 * * [Remainder missing.] 
 
 Edward Winslow to the Lords of the Treasury. 
 
 The Memorial of Edward Winslow of the Province of New Brunswick 
 humbly shews: 
 
 That previous to the rebellion in America he resided at Plymouth in 
 the Province of Massuchsetts, which was the residence of his ancestors 
 from the first settlement of the country. That his father & himself held 
 various public offices there—among which the Custom-house appointments 
 for the port. That when the persecutions commenced your memorialist 
 
504 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1803 
 
 joined the British army & was a volunteer at the battle of Lexington. That 
 when the port of Boston was opened he was appointed Collector in the 
 absence of R. A. Harrison, Esq., and continued to execute the duties of 
 that office until the evacuation of that place. That he served during the 
 whole American war in the capacity of Muster-Master-General of the 
 British American Forces, and at the close of the war was appointed by 
 General Carleton, now Lord Dorchester, to explore & lay out a tract of 
 land for the disbanded Provincial Regiments, which duty he performed, 
 and settled them in that part of Nova Scotia which is now the Province 
 of New Brunswick.. That he afterwards served as Military Secretary to 
 Generals Fox & Campbell, successive commanders at Halifax, until New 
 Brunswick was made a separate Government. That he was then appointed 
 a member of his Majesty’s Council for that province to which he removed 
 when the Council was called, and that he has remained here ever since 
 and has executed many arduous services without salary or emolument. 
 That representations have been recently made to the Lieut. Governors of 
 this & the neighbouring province stating the illicit practices & trade carried 
 on at the frontier between N. Brunswick & the American States from 
 which great injury results to our commerce. To remedy these evils it has 
 been proposed that a Custom-House should be established at St. Andrews 
 or Campo Bello, or at some other place near the entrance of the Bay of 
 Fundy, and that some active & experienced person should be appointed 
 Collector of Customs there. Your memorialist therefore humbly hopes 
 that the recommendation of the Governors of Nova Scotia and New Bruns¬ 
 wick and the Superintendent of Trade [Leonard] and others, added to his 
 long and faithful services in war & peace will induce your Lordships to 
 bestow the appointment upon him. 
 
 Fredericton, New Brunswick. 
 
 March, 1803. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. (?) 
 
 [Probably written about March, 1803.] 
 
 If I fail of success in the present attempt I shall still rejoice at having 
 made it because at any rate it will serve as a hint to His Majesty’s ministers 
 that, altho’ I have been buried for 15 years, I am not stone dead; and that 
 believer as I am in the general resurrection & the rest of the Creed I cannot 
 be satisfied at keeping a fast with 11 children until that great event hap¬ 
 pens. 
 
 I have seriously considered that part of your letter which relates to 
 the appropriation of £200 of the Indian fund and I am perfectly convinced 
 that an Institution such as you propose would be of the highest importance 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 505 
 
 to this country. The present plan of education is incomplete for want of 
 a professor of Mathematics & the sum you mention would be an encour¬ 
 agement to a man of eminence. If Fredericton was an improper place for 
 an academical establishment for the reasons you formerly assigned. His 
 Eoyal Highness the Duke of Kent by the system which he has adopted 
 seems effectually to have obviated the difficulties. At the next meeeting 
 of the Board we will dash at it & if one particle of energy or public spirit 
 remains, of which I have my doubts, we’ll blow it up. 
 
 The late measures have made (to use one of our own country expres¬ 
 sions) a desp’rate overturn. I am not prepared to give an opinion on the 
 subject, but I think they are calculated to give nature a jog. I wish I 
 could see you for half an hour—but I fear that’s impracticable. I’ve had 
 a fit of the Gout—rather tedious than violent. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, Aug’t 15th, 1803. 
 
 My dear Friend,— * * * 
 
 I cannot doubt but that the representations of GoVr Carleton & Sir 
 John Wentworth will be effected so far as respects the Custom House at 
 Passamaquoddy,* but I shall not be satisfied with them if they stop there 
 with you, who without flattery deserve all they can do for you, particularly 
 the former. 
 
 Capt. Foy [A. D. C. and stepson to Carleton] has given me an account 
 of the Book which he thinks is invaluable to General Carleton, and of 
 course will be so to the Province. 
 
 George and myself will go to work and fill up the Blanks in the paper 
 you last sent, on the best authority we can obtain, leaving you to add or 
 diminish as you may think proper. 
 
 I shall say nothing on the business of Coffin and Foy,t as the Major 
 will be at Fredericton as soon as this, and will relate that disagreeable 
 affair with all its particulars. 
 
 Your sister and your charming little daughter’s visit at Mrs. Chip- 
 man’s will be up, according to the time they fixt, tomorrow, or next day, 
 
 ♦George Leonard had much at heart a project for the establishment of a 
 customs house at Campobello, with Edward Winslow as collector. Even at this 
 early date there was a great deal of smuggling in that locality, which he desired 
 to abolish. 
 
 t The following paragraph in the St. John City Gazette explains the incident 
 here referred to:—“A duel was fought near Fort Howe (Aug. 13, 1803), between 
 “ Col. C. and Capt. F., when fortunately, after exchanging shots, the affair was 
 “ terminated without bloodshed. The number of duels that are now fought 
 “ proves the depravity of the times, and the little sense men have of another 
 “ world. ‘If every one,’ says Addison, ‘that fought a duel were to stand in the 
 “ pillory, it would quickly lessen the number of those men of imaginary honour, 
 “ and put an end to so absurd a practice.’ ” 
 
506 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 TI80S 
 
 when they have promised to be with Mrs. Leonard (nntil they set off to 
 return to Fredericton); she is down here on a visit from the Yale to me. I 
 think you will do well to come here to relax after your fatigue in equiping 
 the Governor, and from the pains of the Gout. 
 
 My best wishes attend you and family to whom remember me affec¬ 
 tionately, and believe me faithfully & truly yours, 
 
 G. Leonard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Captain Foy. 
 
 17th August, 1803. 
 
 The day you took your departure from F’ton the Gout, as if deter¬ 
 mined to prevent my complying with my promise, removed from my left 
 to my right hand, and until yesterday I have not dared to make free with 
 the pen. The remarks which I now send you are calculated only for your 
 own private use to enable you to communicate such general information 
 as may be fairly expected from a gentleman of discernment and observa¬ 
 tion. They are arranged under such heads as are commonly the subjects 
 of enquiry, and I regret that my indisposition has prevented me from 
 making them more complete. Such as they are, my dear Foy, I commit 
 them to you. 
 
 The lecture which I read and you heard with great patience, furnished 
 you with a number of extraordinary anecdotes and gave you some insight 
 into the history of New Brunswick. The short sketches in the manuscript 
 will fix the impressions made by my book—a minute detail would have been 
 unwieldy and uninteresting. The consideration that you are familiarly 
 acquainted with Fredericton and the country from thenqe to Canada pre¬ 
 cluded the necessity of any particular remarks so far as related to that 
 district. I have said nothing about the state of politics. You were so 
 constantly in your seat during the last session of the General Assembly, 
 that you must have acquired competent information on that subject. 
 
 The fact is that a faction has existed here for some years past, and it 
 made such progress as factions do in other countries. It was despised at 
 first and by degrees became formidable. The approach of the last general 
 elections brought out all their writers and speakers, and they were per¬ 
 mitted for some time to proceed in their career with impunity. At length 
 their insolence became insupportable and two or three gentlemen of abili¬ 
 ties determined to strip and have at ’em. By argument and a torrent of 
 very fair ridicule these fellows were held up to the public in so contempt¬ 
 ible a point of view most of ’em lost their influence and some of ’em lost 
 their elections. A majority of well disposed men were returned to serve 
 as representatives in General Assembly, and their first session was distin- 
 
1803] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 607 
 
 guished by spirited decisions in favor of tbe prerogative of the crown and 
 by liberal arrangements for the benefit of the province. 
 
 The absence of the Governor may induce some of the disaffected to 
 peep out again, but there are a few (what Eudyard calls) “sharp-shooters” 
 who stand ready to take a pop at ’em whenever they appear. I flatter 
 myself that I belong to this troop. I am cock’d and primed and you know 
 that I am as well booted as any man in his Majesty’s dominions. 
 
 Lieut. Gov. Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 1 Oct’r, 1803. 
 
 I cannot think of leaving the Province without thanking you for your 
 judicious selection and valuable information you have made and procured 
 for me previous to my departure from Fredericton, and I must request 
 Sir that you will add to the favour by accepting the enclosed acknowledg¬ 
 ment. 
 
 Very faithfully yours, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 [Reply.] 
 
 The unexpected mark of your Excellency’s approbation, which I have 
 this day received has overcome me, and I can say nothing in answer but 
 that no anticipation of reward opened upon my mind while I was in the 
 execution of my late duty—but that I was influenced solely by a desire 
 to give your Excellency the best proof in my power of my zeal in your 
 service, and I declare that your Excellency’s note of approbation would 
 have been sufficient recompence for the trifling inconveniences which I 
 encountered had it been unaccompanied by the generous present which it 
 contained. 
 
 Thomas Wetmore to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 22nd October, 1803. 
 
 Sir,—From the time of Capt’n Bartlet’s departure from the Province 
 until news of the Death of General Spry was received, I was the General’s 
 agent in this province, vested with full powers. His daughter Miss Mary 
 Spry has administered upon the estate in England, and I have lately re¬ 
 ceived a letter from her upon the subject of the Debts and Eents due the 
 estate in this province which renders it necessary that administration should 
 be granted here. 
 
 I have mentioned the business to Mr. Peters who thought it best to 
 make application to you. Should you grant the letters I will esteem it 
 
508 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1804 
 
 a favor if you will send them down soon to Mr. Peters, who can take the 
 Bonds and administer the oath of Office. 
 
 I have the honor to he Sir, 
 
 Your most obed’t & very h’ble serv’t, 
 
 Thos. Wetmore.* 
 
 Notes on New Brunswick History by Edward Winslow—1804. 
 
 The Province of New Brunswick lies on the west side of the Bay of 
 Fundy, and embraces the St. John & other great navigable rivers & con¬ 
 tains by estimation 27,582 square miles. In 1783 there lived within its 
 limits about 340 families of Acadians and near the same number of Indians. 
 The Acadians had seated themselves upon the margins of the rivers, upon 
 spots of intervale, fertile by nature and annually enriched by the over¬ 
 flowing of the water—and there this improvident and slovenly race, 
 obtained with very little labour, all the necessaries of life. The Indians, 
 as in other countries, placed their principal dependence upon hunting. 
 
 There were at Maugerville and other places on the St. John about 130 
 families who had emigrated from New England many years before. These 
 people were not only hereditary dissenters from the established Church of 
 old England, but dissenters also from their dissenting brethern in New 
 England, branching out under the various denominations of New Lights, 
 Methodists, Anabaptists, &c; sub-divided again into inferior sects as if for 
 the particular purpose of making “confusion worse confounded.” 
 
 Sir Guy Carleton sent an agent to this part of the Country to lay out 
 lands for the accommodation of the Loyalists and disbanded troops at the 
 close of the American war. This agent! had no other instructions than 
 what were emphatically delivered to him in a parting moment by a manf 
 whose comprehensive mind collects all objects which concern the honor 
 
 *Son of Timothy Wetmore, Esq., of Westchester, New York. He came to 
 St. John in 1783. In .1792 he held the offices of deputy surrogate and registrar of 
 deeds and wills for Queens County; he was master and examiner in chancery 
 and a member of the council of the province. From 1809 until his death in 1828 
 he was attorney general of the province. The following letter strikes the reader 
 as curious in this day of political ambition:— 
 
 “ Sir,—I am sorry to find that I have been elected a member of the Common 
 “ Council of the City of St. John, as it is an office given to me contrary to my 
 “ wishes and express desire. I have to request you will inform the Council that 
 “ I will esteem it a favour in them to excuse me from the service without a fine, 
 “or with a small one. I beg to know the terms upon which I may be relieved. 
 “ and am, Sir, 
 
 “ Your most obedient servant, 
 
 “Thomas Wetmore, 
 
 “ His Worship the Mayor, 
 
 “ Tuesday 2nd April, 1799.” 
 
 fThe agent was Edward Winslow. 
 
 JBrook Watson is meant: he was the Commissary at New York during the American 
 Revolution and had much to do in the arrangements for sending the Loyalists to New 
 Brunswick. 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 509 
 
 & interests of Ms country and whose penetrating eye darts to the centre 
 of ’em. These were the words;—“ You are to provide an asylum for your 
 “ distressed countrymen. Your task is arduous, execute it like a man of 
 “honor. The season for fighting is over—bury your animosities and per- 
 “ secute no man. Your ship is ready and God bless you.” 
 
 In the autumn of that year 14,000 men, women & children landed on 
 that inhospitable shore, many of whom had acquired all the vices generated 
 in camps. With them came one or two clergymen of the Church of Eng¬ 
 land, exhausted and despondent, men who had spent their early days in 
 peace and contentment and, until that time, had been buoyed up with the 
 expectation of once more returning with the scattered remnants of their 
 families to their former homes—now mixed with a promiscuous rabble, 
 shocked by continual acts of licentiousness and without a habitation to 
 shelter them. In this forlorn state however, one of them in particular, 
 had sufficient firmness to commence the operations of duty. A church was 
 opened, a congregation was collected, & the services of the Church of 
 England carried on with solemnity and effect. 
 
 [In a foot note to this letter Col. Winslow states the clergyman to 
 whom he refers is “The Eev’d John Beardsley*, who was Chaplain to 
 Colonel Beverley Robinson’s regiment all the war and highly esteemed by 
 him, & has now no income but the miserable pittance of half-pay.”] 
 
 In the following season this country was formed into a separate Gov¬ 
 ernment, and the name of New Brunswick given to it, and a man was 
 *John Beardsley was born at Ripton, near Stratford, Connecticut, April 23rd. 
 1732. He entered Yale College, intending to take Holy Orders, and was ordained 
 in England by the Bishop of London in 1761. On his return to America he 
 labored as S. P. G. missionary at Norwich, and married Sylvia, daughter of 
 Rev. Dr. Punderson. He removed to Poughkeepsie on the Hudson, Oct. 26, 1766, 
 and remained in charge until the outbreak of the Revolution. He was arrested 
 as a Tory and his property confiscated. Colonel Beverley Robinson was his 
 parishoner, and on the raising of the Loyal American Regiment, in 1777, he 
 appointed Rev. J. Beardsley chaplain of the corps. He served in that capacity 
 during the war. His family on Dec. 16, 1777, took refuge in the city of New 
 York. The muster roll of the regiment on July 1, 1783, shows that Chaplain 
 Beardsley was then in Nova Scotia. Probaby he came to St. John amongst the 
 first arrivals, and it is believed he was the first clergyman to officiate to the 
 Loyalists. He built a shelter for his family on his lot opposite the present Duf- 
 ferin Hotel. Next spring, with a volunteer party, he began preparation of a 
 frame for a church on the southwest corner of the old burial ground opposite 
 the Court House. He worked at it himself, broad axe in hand, but, alas, a de¬ 
 structive fire on June 18, 1784, swept over that part of the city, destroying the 
 frame and many of the settlers’ log houses. In consequence of this disaster the 
 project was for the time abandoned. Rev. Mr. Beardsley officiated at St. John 
 and Kingston until the death of Rev. John Sayre, when he removed to Mauger- 
 ville and remained there as rector until 1803. He was a man of many parts, 
 and is said to have been “fully as good a farmer as a preacher.” He organized 
 the first Masonic lodge at St. John, September 1, 1784. He was the first English 
 clergyman who visited the upper St. John, and in the course of a single week, 
 in the summer of 1789, he baptized along the river between Fredericton and 
 Woodstock 112 persons, of whom 13 were adults. The Beardsleys of Woodstock, 
 N. B., are descended from his eldest son John. Rev. J. Beardsley died at King¬ 
 ston, Aug. 23, 1809. , 
 
510 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 appointed Governor whose dignified and correct conduct discountenanced 
 vice and rendered morality fashionable. Inferior magistrates, imitating 
 his example, became not only conservators of the peace, but useful auxil¬ 
 iaries to religion. 
 
 Notes by Edward Winslow Respecting the Indians and Acadians. 
 
 The Savages who possessed this province before our arrival obtained 
 as good a living as savages wish for in any country. The River St. John, 
 and the other great rivers & their branches, afforded the most favorable 
 situations for hunting, and the islands & intervals afforded the most tempt¬ 
 ing and delightful spots for temporary residence and for the cultivation of 
 Indian Com, which were the principal objects of their attention. The 
 waters of those rivers furnished an easy communication to the sea coast, 
 where they were always sure of a ready market for their furs and other 
 commodities, and where they could always procure Rum and such other 
 Luxuries as they wanted. 
 
 Besides the savages, there were scattered about in different parts of 
 the province a considerable number of Acadians, who had escaped from 
 the other side of the Bay of Fundy when the French inhabitants were 
 removed from Nova Scotia after the conquest of that country by the 
 English. These people, whose immediate ancestors had suffered what to 
 them appeared like the most unmerited persecution & oppression from the 
 British Government, occupied some of the most fertile tracts on the River 
 St. John and in other parts of the province. Embittered by the recollec¬ 
 tions of their past sufferings the majority were rejoiced at any opportunity 
 of shewing their enmity to the British Government, and during the war 
 with America their conduct evinced a disposition to favor the American 
 Cause.* The Acadians & Indians lived in constant habits of intimacy and 
 familiarity. * * * The remainder of the inhabitants (except 
 
 a very few) were Americans who had removed from the States before the 
 Revolution and were notoriously disaffected to the British Government. 
 By those settlers both the Savages & Acadians were encouraged to acts of 
 hostility. 
 
 This was the state of the country at the peace when the disbanded 
 Provincial Corps & Loyal Refugees took possession of the country. The 
 Indians were of course compelled to leave the banks of the rivers (particu¬ 
 larly the St. John) and hunt on other grounds. The French, who had 
 
 *The remark of Winslow is only true in part. The Acadians on the River St. John 
 were not openly hostile to the British during the Revolution and several of their number 
 including the Martins, Mercure’s, etc., were loyal and their services were acknowledged 
 by Major Studholm. Another striking instance of loyalty was displayed by Joseph 
 Gueguen of Cocagne in restraining the Indians from siding with the Americans. See N. B. 
 Hist. Soc. Collections No. 4, p. 115. 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 511 
 
 taken possession of farms without even a license of occupation or any 
 sanction from the Government, and were so situated as to interrupt the 
 general settlement of the country, were, by order of the Government of 
 Nova Scotia, removed again from their possessions and obliged to seek for 
 situations more remote. These events undoubtedly increased their resent¬ 
 ment against the Government—and altho’, after the establishment of a 
 separate province, the Governor & Council of New Brunswick did make 
 every effort in their power and did eventually more than compensate them 
 by Grants at Madawaska and other places, they have never been really 
 conciliated. 
 
 All this time the savages have been retreating farther and farther from 
 the places to which they were formerly so much attached. The settlements 
 being extended over the best part of their hunting grounds, they were soon 
 reduced to the most abject poverty and distress. Thus circumstanced 
 they became dependent upon the English settlers. The benevolence of 
 individuals and some attention from government seemed to remove their 
 prejudices. * * * The legacy, which had been formerly left 
 
 by Mr. Boyle* for the Christian purpose of civilizing the aboriginals, being 
 applied in this country, was considered by the Indians (who did not com¬ 
 prehend the meaning of it) as a strong proof of national protection and 
 kindness, and it had undoubtedly a tendency to reconcile them more effect¬ 
 ually to English Government. The erecting of a convenient building at 
 Sussex-Vale, as an academy! exclusively for them, the employment of a 
 preceptor to teach them the first rudiments of education, and the arrange¬ 
 ments which were made for their accommodation & comfort, all contributed 
 to soothe them in their state of distress; and although the Indians did not 
 embrace the Christian religion with that alacrity which the pious Testator 
 might have anticipated, they nevertheless considered this place as an 
 Asylum where the aged and infirm could rest from the fatigues which are 
 incident to savage life, and where the young of both sexes were fed, 
 cloathed, and instructed as far as they inclined to be. * * * 
 
 The attempts to convert and civilize the Savages, which were formerly 
 made in the New England Colonies, while they were part of His Majesty’s 
 dominions, were generally unsuccessful, and for many years before the 
 American Revolution the sums supplied by the Company in England for 
 propagating the Gospel among the Heathen Natives of New England and 
 
 *The Hon. Robert Boyle of England in 1662 was president of the board of 
 management of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the In¬ 
 dians of New England and parts adjacent in America. During his life he de¬ 
 voted much of his time and wealth to the spiritual improvement of the natives 
 of America, and at his death bequeathed a handsome legacy to the society. 
 
 fThis academy has been already mentioned. It was built chiefly by the 
 efforts of Hon. George Leonard. See the account of the academy by Leonard 
 Allison of Sussex, N. B., in his “Sketch of the Life of Rev. Oliver Arnold.” 
 
512 WINSLOW PAPERS 1.1804 
 
 parts adjacent in America, were appropriated to general purposes by the 
 overseers & corporation of Harvard College at Cambridge. 
 
 In the year 1785, the Company decided that as the part of America 
 which is next adjacent to the Massachusetts state is the King’s colony of 
 New Brunswick. Resolved therefore;— 
 
 “ That the Commissioners we may hereafter employ be appointed out 
 “ of the inhabitants of that colony, who are the King’s loyal subjects and 
 “ living in the King’s dominions, and who are many of them Gentlemen 
 “of known integrity and fidelity and every way qualified to execute the 
 “ trusts of our charter.” 
 
 In consequence of this resolution. Commissioners were appointed, and 
 it will be shown by their first reports and the returns of the Missionaries 
 and Instructors employed, that they effected more towards the education 
 and civilization of the Indians than had ever been before accomplished. 
 
 In process of time it became obvious that some disadvantages resulted 
 from dividing the schools which were at first established at Woodstock, 
 Fredericton, Sheffield, Sussex, and Miramichi. It was then taken into 
 serious and deliberate consideration by the Commissioners whether it would 
 not be expedient to collect all the savages who were desirous of education 
 into one place, and it became an important object to find a place the best 
 calculated for that purpose. Some of the Commissioners contended that 
 Fredericton would be the most eligible place, other places too were named, 
 and after mature consideration, Sussex-Yale was considered to embrace 
 more advantages than any other place and a College was erected there, in 
 a situation where it was surrounded by a considerable extent of fertile 
 country, cleared and under high cultivation, and in the possession of repu¬ 
 table and exemplary farmers. This circumstance it was supposed would 
 offer to the Indians the fairest opportunity of observing the progress of 
 agriculture and of contemplating the benefits which resulted from temper¬ 
 ance and industry. * * * 
 
 Their condition, which by the encroachments made on their hunting 
 grounds had been rendered truly wretched, was ameliorated, and they were 
 proud of the attention which was shown them by Government in erecting 
 so commodious a building for the education of their children. By asso¬ 
 ciating and exchanging labour with the farmers, to mutual advantage, they 
 were undoubtedly advancing in civilization. It is true literally that all 
 the exertions which have been made have been hitherto ineffectual to 
 conquer the prejudices of the savages against allowing their children to be 
 bound out to trades, and they have another prejudice equally strong against 
 the discipline of schools or chastisement for faults. To reconcile them to 
 the latter it was proposed to introduce into the same school with them a 
 certain number of the white children of the neighbourhood, in order that 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 518 
 
 the savages might mix with them and observe that they were treated with 
 •equal justice and attention. This was not approved. * * * 
 
 [Reference is made by Edward Winslow in that portion of his letter 
 here omitted to the retirement of Chief Justice Ludlow, Judge Bliss and 
 Judge Allen from the Board of Commissioners of the Company, on account 
 of some difference of opinion with the majority of the Commissioners as 
 to the management.] 
 
 The vacancies made by these seceders may be filled with other gentle¬ 
 men of equal honor and fidelity, and superior vigor and activity. The 
 Mayor of the City of St. John, William Campbell,* Esq., should be one; 
 his integrity, zeal and activity have been sufficiently evinced. James 
 White, t Esq. should also be appointed—this gentleman is a magistrate in 
 the City, was one of the old inhabitants born in the country and acquainted 
 with all the savages in it—a man of abilities, strict honor, and uncommon 
 activity. The third should be a clergyman of the vicinity, and there is in 
 the same county a young man, the Rev. Elias Scovil, who is peculiarly 
 qualified for such a situation. * * * 
 
 Three members of the Board should be compelled to visit the College 
 once in three months and critically examine into its state and report the 
 progress made. Cloathing should be issued to those only who are fixed 
 and permanent scholars, and to such of their parents or Guardians as reside 
 at or near the College for the purpose of taking care of their children. * * 
 Academies established in populous villages for general purposes of 
 education, under the control of dignify’d trustees or corporations, are the 
 worst of all possible places for an attempt to civilize Indians, and money 
 thrown into those funds will—as it ever has been—be converted to other 
 uses. I should therefore object to its being apply 7 d either to the Univer¬ 
 sity at Windsor or the Academy recently established at Fredericton. 
 
 [The latter part of Winslow’s description of the establishment of the 
 Indian Academy, etc., is condensed.] 
 
 ♦William Campbell, of Worcester, Mass., went from Boston to Halifax in 
 1776 with the British army, and from thence to New York. At the peace in 1783 
 he came to Nova Scotia, and in 1786 settled at St. John. He was mayor of the 
 city twenty years. He died at St. John in 1823, aged 82 years. He was a native 
 of Argyleshire, Scotland. On November 30, 1887, St. John’s Masonic lodge 
 erected a stone to his memory in the old burial ground to replace the original 
 one. 
 
 fJames White, sr., was born in Haverhill, Mass., about 1738. He was a 
 lineal descendant of the “Worshipful” William White, one of the founders of 
 Haverhill. He was employed in the commissariat department at Crown Point 
 in 1761, came to St. John with James Simonds in April, 1764, and was engaged 
 with that gentleman and William Hazen in trade there. He was deputy sheriff, 
 Indian agent and deputy collector of customs during the time of the war of the 
 Revolution. Many particulars concerning him will be found in the articles on 
 “Portland Point” in the New Brunswick Magazine of 1898-99. 
 
514 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 Tliomas Costin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, March 23, 1804. 
 
 [Condensed.] Is intimately acqnainted with the state of the St. John 
 river Indians who are at this time “poor, distressed, and discontented.” 
 They were better off twenty years ago. Their hunting declined ever after 
 the arrival of the English settlers. The Indian schools established on the 
 river at Woodstock and elsewhere served, in addition to the benefits of 
 education, to afford relief when hunting failed. 
 
 During his (Costings) residence in Madawaska, several Indians from 
 time to time came to him for “copies” and other useful instruction. They 
 expressed to him their appreciation of the schools. They are at present 
 discontented and discouraged. There is a school established at Sussex 
 Yale, but “what is that, as they observe, to their numerous tribe and the 
 distribution of their nation; they are scattered and dispersed to several 
 parts on this river for the sake of supporting their distressed families, and 
 if schools were to be established once more, it would give them a contented 
 mind and in the course of time” be the means of bettering their condition. 
 
 Costin closes his letter with a plea for re-establishing the schools. 
 
 The letter is written in a fair hand, with good spelling, but the style 
 is extremely redundant. 
 
 Dugald Campbell to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 29th Feb’y, 1804. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I arrived here on the 21st instant very much fatigued 
 from the uncommon badness of the way, which I was under a necessity of 
 paving with Dollars to render it in any degree passable. I took off my 
 snow-shoes at the Riviere des Caps without any regret, after having worn 
 them about three hundred miles. 
 
 Your obliging letters have procured me much civility here. I dined 
 the day after my arrival with Mr. A. Coffin where I met Mr. Sewell, the 
 Attorney General, by whom I have been also very cordially welcomed here. 
 He has gone a few days ago to Montreal and will be absent about a month. 
 Sproule has gone to Montreal, where he has already enlisted sixteen men 
 and I think he will bid fair to procure men enough to entitle him to a 
 company. 
 
 We have now altogether here about one hundred men,* and our success 
 in this respect does great credit to the talents of Major White who, in 
 defiance of the difficulties created here manifestly to prevent him, has been 
 
 ♦When the war was declared against France in 1803, the New Brunswick 
 Fencible Regiment was organized. Many of the corps were enlisted in New 
 Brunswick, others in Lower Canada, as detailed in this letter. 
 
1804 1 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 515 
 
 thus successful. Every advantage appertaining to soldiers is peremptorily 
 refused us, whilst our situation so urgently demands some aid. Official 
 punctilio is here opposed to the good of His Majesty’s service, but I am 
 much mistaken if Blue Peter (as the Commander here is called) won’t look 
 Black if this matter is represented with spirit at home. 
 
 I do not at present forsee anything that may prevent my return in 
 the Spring to Hew Brunswick, hut should it happen otherwise and the 
 House of Assembly be called-to meet in my absence, Clopper will act as 
 my Deputy [as Clerk of the House of Assembly], and I shall in that event 
 send him legal authority in due form from hence, and intend to consult 
 the Attorney General here on the occasion. 
 
 Pray have the goodness to write to me, if for no other reason than to 
 show that your hand is again capable of performing the function that has 
 ever been so natural to it. 
 
 I am very truly, my dear Sir, 
 
 Your much obliged hum’e serv’t 
 
 Dugald Campbell. 
 
 Please to show this letter to my friend Clopper. I shall write to him 
 by the next post. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Governor Carleton. 
 
 Kingsclear, Hew Brunswick, April 16th, 1804. 
 
 Sir,—Since the date of my last, a decision has been made by the 
 Supreme Court which has excited great anxiety in the minds of many of 
 the inhabitants of this province and I have been repeatedly and impor¬ 
 tunately pressed to communicate some of the circumstances to your Excel¬ 
 lency. * * * 
 
 Your Excellency has not forgot the bitter controversy which subsisted 
 between a licentious rabble at St. John and the proprietors of the soil 
 there respecting the right of fishery in front of their lots to low water 
 mark.* This dispute the Gentlemen of the law in general seem to agree 
 would eventually be settled in favour of the proprietors, and some very 
 strong reasons were assigned in support of their opinion, particularly it 
 was observed that this right was recognized in similar situations by our 
 ancestors in America before the Revolution, and that those of ’em who 
 removed to Hova Scotia carried with ’em that custom and privilege among 
 others, and yet continue to enjoy it under that government. Hazen and 
 Simonds originally took up their Lands, and the privilege of fishing in 
 front of their lots was undoubtedly considered as one of those rights and 
 immunities which were adverted to and secured to them by the patents, 
 
 ♦The story of the fishery dispute is given in full in the New Brunswick 
 Magazine for August, 1899. 
 
516 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 and it was undoubtedly one of the greatest temptations which the country 
 offered (to settlers) and they remained in the uninterrupted enjoyment 
 until we came here. * * * 
 
 Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ramsgate, 6 July, 1804. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your letter of the 22nd Feb’y gave us all great satisfaction; 
 Emma* was particularly gratifyed by the intelligence it contained of what 
 concerned the Farm, for which her regard is in no wise abated, and she 
 took an interest even in the declaration of Nancy Cameron. 
 
 I saw your friend Col. Lutwyehe a few days before I left Town and 
 communicated to him the little prospect I saw of being able to draw the 
 attention of Ministers towards our part of the world; the last set seemed 
 to be entirely taken up with defending their Post; The Present we must 
 hope will do better, but as yet I much fear that our proposal for a certain 
 arrangement to the westward! has not been considered. 
 
 We have got out of the bustle of the Town to this very quiet pleasant 
 spot on the seashore where we propose to pass the summer months; but 
 altho 5 it’s quiet it is not destitute of charms in the eyes of the young Ladies, 
 and there is a Ball every Tuesday, and if that should not satisfy them there 
 are three Balls a week at Margate which is within four miles; We have 
 likewise the advantage of having a full view of the Fleet in the Downs & 
 of the French coast, so that we are sure of having the earliest intelligence 
 if Bonaparte should come. My plan on leaving this place is to go for a few 
 months to Bath, and then to return to the Capital where I shall be at hand 
 to avail myself of the first good conveyance that may present itself, after 
 the 1st of May, to return to New Brunswick.! I shall write to Mr. Hailles 
 by the next Packet. 
 
 The Filley should be broken, if a tolerable hand can be got. 
 
 Emma & Anne join in compliments to the young ladies, particularly 
 to Miss Penn. 
 
 I am dear CoFl 
 
 Very faithfully yours &c., 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 * Lieut. Governor Carleton’s daughter. 
 
 fReferring to the proposed establishment of a custom house at Passama- 
 quoddy with E. Winslow as collector. 
 
 Jit is evident that Lieut. Governor Carleton expected to return to the pro¬ 
 vince at this time, but his departure was postponed from time to time for a 
 variety of reasons. The appointment of Sir James H. Craig in 1807 as governor 
 general of Canada appears to have been particularly distasteful to Carleton. 
 See on this head Winslow’s letter of March 8, 1808, and William Knox’s of May 
 
1801J WINSLOW PAPERS. 517 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Salem (Mass), 17 July, 1804. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—The vessel returns so much sooner than I expected 
 that I have hut a moment to inform you of our safe arrival after a very 
 unpleasant passage, during which Mrs. Chipman was very sick, but she is 
 now recovered in a good degree from the fatigues of the voyage and joins 
 me in the most affectionate wishes towards you. * * * I 
 
 have made some enquiries about an Instructor for the College at Freder¬ 
 icton, hut I much fear I shall not succeed. I find that such Gentlemen as 
 are in any degree qualified "for the situation can obtain in this country 
 eleven & twelve hundred dollars per annum. I shall not however give up 
 the pursuit, and have really had hut little opportunity yet of being very 
 particular in my enquiries. * * * We found Chip very well 
 
 and in good reputation and all our friends very glad to see us, and shall 
 probably pass our time pleasantly, but shall after all return with great 
 pleasure to our humble dwelling. 
 
 * * * Ward Chipman. 
 
 Edwaud Winslow and the Audit Office. 
 
 The following account of the circumstances that rendered it necessary 
 for Edward Winslow to proceed to England in the year 1804, is based upon 
 statements contained in his memorial to the Right Honorable the Lords 
 Commissioners of the Treasury, and kindred documents, copies of which 
 are to he found amongst the Winslow papers. 
 
 In the year 1785, Col. Winslow was requested by Major General John 
 Campbell, then commanding his Majesty’s forces in Nova Scotia, to under¬ 
 take the duty of paymaster of Contingencies, in order “to assist in correct¬ 
 ing the abuse in the military expenditures at the posts on the River St. 
 John.” He undertook the duty and instituted a Board of accounts, and 
 the service was carried on until the Lords of the Treasury considered the 
 office no longer necessary. The sum of £8,988 sterling passed through his 
 hands, and vouchers were transmitted from time to time to Halifax that 
 they might be examined by the Board of Accounts there, and receive the 
 sanction and approval of the General commanding. The accounts ought 
 to have been forwarded thence to England to the office for auditing public 
 accounts. When the office of Paymaster of Contingencies in New Bruns¬ 
 wick was discontinued in 1786, Col. Winslow, by order of Governor Carle- 
 ton, paid the balance in his hands to John Robinson, acting Deputy Pay¬ 
 master of the district and took his discharge for the same. Through some 
 extraordinary delinquency at Halifax the accounts and vouchers were never 
 forwarded to England. As a consequence on the 10th of February, 1802, 
 
518 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 the commissioners for auditing the public accounts in England issued a 
 peremptory “precept,” which was served on Winslow April 26th, by the 
 Attorney General of New Brunswick. Legal proceedings followed and 
 finally Winslow appeared at the Trinity term of the Supreme Court held 
 at Fredericton in 1804, with such explanatory documents as were in his 
 possession. The case was ordered to stand over until the next term. 
 Colonel Winslow decided to proceed to England in order to have the 
 matter cleared up. He had already been subjected, he says, to an expense 
 amounting to nearly £60 in defending himself. He left his family, con¬ 
 sisting of a wife and eleven children, to the care of his friends, and in the 
 month of September went to Halifax, where he found deposited in various 
 places all the accounts and vouchers, which eighteen years before had been 
 transmitted by him, and had been suffered to remain there by the negli¬ 
 gence and delinquency of others. These he collected and took to England, 
 and in the month of November had the satisfaction of delivering them at 
 the office for auditing the public accounts in London, and on examination 
 the Commissioners declared them perfectly satisfactory. 
 
 In his memorial to the Lords of the Treasury, Col. Winslow asked for 
 compensation for the trouble and expence to which he had been put by no 
 fault of his own, and in consequence of his application the sum of £150 
 sterling was allowed him. The trip to England, begun amid scenes of 
 mortification and embarrassment, ended triumphantly and was eventually 
 the means of securing for him an appointment as Judge of the Supreme 
 Court. 
 
 The story,'and it is quite a romantic one, is elucidated in the letters 
 that follow.—W. 0. Raymond. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Kingsclear, 10th May, 1803. 
 
 My dear Chipman,—By this conveyance I transmit you a number of 
 letters which I have at different times received from the Auditors, and I 
 have made my remarks on the outside of them. When you have read ’em 
 and have also looked over the other bundle, you will be able to form some 
 judgment of the extraordinary situation in which I now stand. I did not 
 know when I saw you here that I was in possession of such unequivocal 
 proofs of my having forwarded my accounts and vouchers to Halifax. 
 * * * If they have not been regularly transmitted to England, 
 
 surely I am not responsible for the omission. It is certainly the most 
 extraordinary circumstance that ever occurred that a man should be called 
 for vouchers to accounts 17 years after the accounts were settled, and after 
 receiving not only the most ample discharges, but the highest compliments 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 519 
 
 for his exertions. Almost every man concerned in the transactions is dead, 
 myself excepted. * * * The Books are with me and contain 
 
 the debit and credit of my accounts with Government, as also copies cf 
 all the vouchers and the Reports of the Board thereon. 
 
 &e., &c., &c. 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Medford (Mass), 11 Aug’t, 1804. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Your several letters have reached me and claim 
 my best thanks; everything in your quarter is interesting to me and be¬ 
 comes daily more and more so, as the remainder of my pilgrimage must he 
 with you. 
 
 As I have information that Humbert* will certainly sail this evening 
 I am unusually pressed for time even to acknowledge the receipt of my 
 letters from H. Bruns. With regard to yourself I have not had a moments 
 quiet since I read the account of the proceedings in the Exchequer cause. 
 The persecution is certainly most unexampled, hut the difficulty now is in 
 determining what is best to be done. * * * 
 
 I think you should prepare a Memorial without delay to the Lords of 
 the Treasury, having first obtained assurances from the Court of time to 
 he given for the application and obtaining an answer. To this memorial 
 should be annexed a copy of all the proceedings in the cause, which will 
 render short the rest of the detail, emphatically stating the utter impossi¬ 
 bility from the extreme state of your ill health of your personal attendance 
 in England, and offering to submit to any inquiry before any persons or 
 tribunal to be appointed for the purpose in this country. * * * 
 
 Such a memorial, accompanied by a letter to Lutwyche (written to be 
 
 * Stephen Humbert was a New Jersey Loyalist. He came to St. John in 1783 
 and was an active factor in the life of the city. For a number of years he pur¬ 
 sued the calling of a baker on quite a large scale. He owned a vessel called 
 the “Friendship,” which was nicknamed “Humbert’s Bread Basket.” When 
 Mr. Humbert arrived in St. John he was but a lad of sixteen. From being a 
 baker of ship’s bread he became a merchant with store and residence on South 
 Market wharf. In 1814 he owned a brig called the “War-hater.” He was a 
 member of the St. John common council for some years, and was elected a 
 representative of the city in the provincial legislature in the years 1809, 1816 
 and 1830. He was also an active man in the Methodist denomination and one 
 of those who at first sympathized with Mr. Priestly in the well known “Priestly 
 affair,” but afterwards withdrew his support, convinced that the object of it 
 was no longer worthy. Stephen Humbert was a man of many parts, for ex¬ 
 ample, in 1796, we find him advertising a school for sacred music. His was a 
 long and remarkably active life. He died in 1849 at the age of 82 years. The 
 house in which he lived at the close of his life stood on the site of the present 
 Masonic Hall building on Germain street. An interesting incident in Stephen 
 Humbert’s political career is recorded in D. R. Jack’s Essay on St. John, pp. 
 108. 109. 
 
520 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 shewn), and a letter to Foy to interest General Carleton (for on such an 
 occasion there can he no doubt he would exert himself*) could not I think 
 fail to procure an order for the stay of all further proceedings against 
 you. * * * 
 
 We pass our time as pleasantly as I expected, but I shall not be sorry 
 when the period proposed for our visit shall have expired—such sameness 
 of amusement, idleness and expence, fatigues and becomes insipid after 
 so long an experience of the calm pleasures of our comparatively solitary 
 life in New Brunswick. Tell Hailes we are well and I could say no more 
 if I should write to him. To him and his family, the Hazens &c, your 
 wife, sisters and domestic flock, give Mrs. Chipman’s and my most affec¬ 
 tionate regards. And for yourself accept our constant and best love and 
 prayers. 
 
 Yours ever sincerely. 
 
 Ward Chipman. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, August 20th 1804. 
 
 My dear Friend,—I have prevailed upon Humbertt to send his vessel 
 to Windsor for a load, that you might have an opportunity to get here be¬ 
 fore he was ready to leave this port for Boston. You’ll lose no time if 
 you mean to go that way to England as Humbert intends to be ready in 
 eight or nine days. * * * 
 
 Memorials have been sent from this Province and Nova Scotia to the 
 Secretary of State to withhold indulgence from American vessels trading 
 to the West Indies to confine them to 70 tons as By the late treaty. The 
 memorials state our abilities in furnishing vessels and lumber. This is a 
 business you are well acquainted with and will be able to give the par¬ 
 ticular information necessary. * * * I have just heard you 
 
 have again altered your opinion and mean to go [to England] in the ship 
 America from this port. Whatever you determine on, you will let me 
 know, that Humbert may govern himself accordingly on his coming from 
 Windsor. I understand Chipman with Mrs. Chipman are well disposed to 
 return notwithstanding the fine roads, carriages and fruit, &c. and that 
 their visit has been long enough. 
 
 I am D’r Sir, 
 
 Yery affectionately yours, 
 
 • __ Geo. Leonard. 
 
 *There is in this sentence a covert allusion to Lieut. Governor Carleton’s 
 apparent indifference to matters connected with his government. Perhaps this 
 indifference arose in a measure out of the disregard the ministers displayed to 
 many of his recommendations. 
 
 fStephen Humbert’s vessel was employed on the route between St. John and 
 Boston. 
 
WINSLOW PAPKES. 
 
 521 
 
 &804J 
 
 P. S. I hope your Daughter found some benefit from the Fogs of 
 this Town, tho’ they were but few to what has been usual in summer. She 
 is a good Girl and well deserving the favors of Heaven. Our best wishes 
 attend her and the family. 
 
 William Hazen to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, 7th Nov. 1804. 
 
 My dear Colonel—When you were kind enough to offer to attend to 
 any command which I might have across the water, I felt I assure you too 
 much concerned and interested on your own account to think of adding the 
 smallest care to your mind, although several important matters of my own 
 occurred, particularly while you were struggling with your natural heredi¬ 
 tary enemy, as John Bull says of the French, who chose—barbarous 
 enough—to attack you at a time when every man has enough to contend 
 with, in leaving home. * * * After the very romantic and 
 
 favorable entree to your adventures at Halifax*, your Fredericton friends 
 cannot but anticipate great pleasure and success in your voyage. * * * 
 
 Soon after General Hunter came to the province Mr. Needham was 
 employed by him to do business and he condescended to say, from his own 
 knowledge, that most of the adjutants and Quartermasters of the Regiments 
 disbanded at the last peace had gotten half-pay, and that it was his opinion 
 that Needham would succeed to it also upon making proper application, 
 the mode of which he also condescended to advise. Accordingly, as the 
 object was of immense individual importance, and as there did not seem to 
 be any impropriety in trying the thing, a memorial was sent to the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief (a copy of which I shall annex) enclosed in a short letter 
 to Governor Carleton begging his sanction of it, if he saw no objection, & 
 at any rate begging if this were inconvenient, that he would forward it. 
 What part His Excellency was pleased to take Needham never heard, but 
 from the prompt attention paid to his memorial he believes himself to be 
 under great obligations to him. * * * As I feel anxious to 
 
 do everything that can serve a young man of great industry and merit, and 
 as I know what your dispositions are and have been on similar occasions, I 
 am confident that I cannot do him greater justice than by begging you 
 to take an early opportunity, while in London, of using your skill and in¬ 
 fluence to effect his purpose. He has wished me to draw up a memorial to 
 the Treasury, but as you are infinitely better qualified to do it, I beg you 
 
 *This refers to the finding by Col. Winslow of all the missing accounts and 
 vouchers required by the audit office, safely filed away in the “pigeon holes” at 
 Halifax. They should have been forwarded by the military officials at Halifax 
 to England years before. 
 
522 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1804 
 
 will take the trouble of it, or directing to be done whatever may be neces¬ 
 sary and proper. * * * 
 
 I am informed that the Adjutants and Quartermasters of both the 
 neighboring provincial Regiments* have succeded in getting half-pay. Of 
 twelve of us who memorialized for half-pay at the reduction of the late 1ST, 
 B. Reg’t, every one except himself (Needham) are again employed in the 
 service, mostly with permanent rank. * * * 
 
 Mr. Needham has lately been so unfortunate as to lose an adventure 
 worth an hundred pounds by the singular accident of a Brig being burnt 
 in port at Jamaica. This has taken nearly all the industrious scrapings of 
 his last nine years service, that the support and education of his mother 
 and her orphans had left him. 
 
 I will not my dear Colonel now add to the intrinsic evil of a long let¬ 
 ter a longer apology, for I know that your politeness & benevolence are on 
 my side, allow me then only further to mention that it will give pleasure 
 to hear early of your welfare in London. 
 
 Mrs. Murray is just recovering from another unpleasant attack, but I 
 hope she will be comfortable again another winter. Should you meet with 
 Brinley, the Paymaster, or his brother, the Barrister of Lincoln’s Inn, we 
 wish to be remembered to them. 
 
 I beg that you will believe that I always remain with the greatest re¬ 
 spect and esteem, my Dear Colonel, 
 
 Your most faithful humble servant 
 
 Wm. Hazen. 
 
 [Note. Needham’s memorial, enclosed in the above letter, is ad¬ 
 dressed to His Royal Highness Field Marshal the Duke of York, Com¬ 
 mander in Chief of His Majesty’s Forces &c. &c. &c., and from it we learn 
 the following facts concerning Mark Needham. 
 
 He was the son of a soldier of the 54th Reg’t killed in the American 
 war. He himself entered, when very young, in the 54th regiment and 
 served nearly nine years. By the favor of his commanding officer he ob¬ 
 tained his discharge when the regiment was ordered from N. B. He was 
 burthened with the support of two sisters & a brother. When the N. B. 
 Provincial Reg’t was raised in 1793 he could not forbear joining His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s colours. In the course of nine years further service he rose through 
 the ranks of Fifer, Corporal, Sergeant & Paymaster’s clerk, until his Ex¬ 
 cellency Gen’l Carleton (then Colonel to the Reg’t), was pleased to promote 
 him to the Quartermastercy. 
 
 Needham’s memorial is dated 10th April, 1804. The reply received 
 from Col. Clinton—dated “Horse Guards, 4 June, 1804”—states: “I have 
 received the Commander in Chief’s commands to acquaint you that he can¬ 
 not obtain half-pay for you, but your name will be noted for a Quarter¬ 
 mastercy in case an opportunity should offer for His Royal Highness to 
 recommend you for employment.”] 
 
 ♦That is the King’s Nova Scotia Regiment and the Island of St. John’s (or 
 P. E. I.) Regiment. 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 528 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, N. B. Nov’r, 20th, 1804. 
 
 My dear Winslow—I am now overpaid for the anxiety and fears for 
 the fate of your public papers by a friendly communication from that good 
 man Moody, who had before the receipt of your letter given me a full and 
 very pleasing account of the manner & where they were all found, and all 
 the circumstances afterwards. In the fullness of my heart I have offered 
 him my services and of all your friends in New Brunswick, for life, for his 
 zeal and fidelity to you while at Halifax, and I cannot thank Sir John 
 Wentworth too much and your other friends there who have shewn so 
 much kindness and friendship for you on this occasion. 
 
 I hastened to communicate the pleasing and very satisfactory account 
 to Mrs. Winslow and your sisters immediately on our getting it, and then 
 I sallied forth into the street of the City in triumph among the sons of 
 woeful countenance. I asked the Attorney General,* if he meant to con¬ 
 tinue the prosecution; He said “yes, unless it was recommended to him by 
 the President and Council to do otherwise.” This was after showing him 
 Moody’s letter, which was authentic document that every paper was found 
 as stated by you in court. I desired Peters, your counsel, to communicate 
 to you not only this conversation, but the Eule that was made absolute in 
 the Court at Fredericton on your departure, and the style and manner of 
 its being done—as a document to show that if you had been here, you 
 perhaps would have been deprived of the opportunity of ever seeking your 
 papers. This ought to enhance your claims on Government. Upon the 
 whole, my dear friend, I clearly see the kind hand of Heaven in this busi¬ 
 ness, and that good will flow out of the evil which certain characters in¬ 
 tended to bring upon you. I can see the joy of our worthy friend Lut- 
 wyche on this occasion—for no heart rejoices more than his when his 
 friends prospects are fair, and none will exert themselves more to promote 
 their success. 
 
 Chipman’s return from Boston, and the prospect of your good fortune 
 have put us in high spirits. You are now where justice will and ought to 
 be done for you. * * * 
 
 Coffin, Tom Sproule, and D. Murray are soon to embark for N. York or 
 Boston to take their passage for England, so that you will from them get 
 a full information of all domestic occurrences here. God bless you and 
 send you back soon is the wish of myself and family. 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 [Addressed “Edward Winslow, Esq’r, to the care of Edward G. Lut- 
 wyche, Esq’r, Kensington, Phillmore Place, London. 
 
 Fav’d bv Lieut. Sproule.”] 
 
 ‘Jonathan Bliss. 
 
524 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Stubbins House, 22 ISTov’r, 1804. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I congratulate you on your escape from the perils of 
 winds and seas, and still more on the prospect.you have of being delivered 
 from those worst of foments, the Controlers of Accounts, and I most sin¬ 
 cerely hope that you will not be disappointed in your expectation. I am 
 sorry we happened to be out of Town when you arrived. We left it on the 
 thirteenth and are thus far on our way to Bath, where we think of staying 
 till March. As you are broke in to the thumping of a mail coach, perhaps 
 you may take a run down between this and that time. I did not hear of 
 Geo. Ludlow’s failure till after my arrival in Town some months after it 
 happened, and I was as much surprised as if I had heard our Chief* had 
 absconded. Pray is the house t implicated in the misfortune, or was it 
 known before you sailed? It must be a mortification to some of our great 
 people on the other side of the water. 
 
 I should have liked to conduct you a little about the streets. If Foy 
 is at Woolwich he will not fail to come up to call upon you. 
 
 Direct to me here near Maidenhead under cover to my Brother. 
 
 Yours very faithfully, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 24th NovY, 1804. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—You are no doubt before this time safe in London, 
 where you have my most fervent wishes that you may have constant occa¬ 
 sion to rejoice in your determination to go there. The more I think of it 
 the more I am inclined to approve of the step, and to be persuaded that it 
 will eventually terminate fortunately for you. * * * 
 
 I am indeed uncommonly anxious about you, and I do hope and trust 
 that I shall receive a cheerful line from you by the earliest moment after 
 your arrival. I would write freely and often to you were it not for the 
 enormous expence to you of postage with which such a correspondence 
 must be attended, but I will avail myself of every conveyance post free, 
 that I can hear of. * * * 
 
 We have all your communications from Halifax, and are exceedingly 
 rejoiced at your success there in recovering your vouchers, &c, and at the 
 flying colours with which you embarked—crippled as you were [physic¬ 
 ally] . I hope and trust the voyage has been of service to your health, and 
 that you will not have any return of Gout, at the least till you return to 
 * Chief Justice Ludlow, the father of George Ludlow. 
 
 fThe reference is to the firm of Ludlow, Fraser and Robinson of Fredericton. 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 525 
 
 us, or to some better place. But I desire if you go elsewhere to see that 
 there is a provision made for me to accompany you, I am completely out at 
 elbows here, and my Boston jaunt has been a seriously saucy business to 
 me. We however got very safe back after a very short passage; we sailed 
 from thence the very day you sailed from Halifax for England. Our visit 
 was a very pleasant one and would so have terminated had it not been for 
 the very sudden death of our good friend Martin Brimmer; we left his 
 family of course in very deep affliction. 
 
 Chip was well, and doing well at College; he was to speak the Eng¬ 
 lish oration, which is considered as the first part at a public exhibition, a 
 fortnight after we left him; I have this moment a letter from him, in 
 which he gives me a very satisfactory account of his performance. He has 
 correct information that Mr. Dexter who was there—the great Counsellor 
 at Law, Sam Dexter—said, it was “the best performance for matter and 
 manner that he had ever heard at Cambridge.” This is indeed to be 
 “laudatur a laudato viro.” You will pardon this communication, in in¬ 
 dulgence to the feelings of a doting, partial father. But what I shall do 
 with him or for him I know not; he means to study law; he dislikes the 
 states; I cannot think of his burying himself in this country. If I had 
 money to maintain him and he should wish it, and dare to make the effort, 
 I would send him to the Temple at once. Tho’ I don’t suppose I shall ever 
 seriously think of this, I wish you would ask our inestimable friend Lut- 
 wyehe, what he thinks would be the annual expence of living in the most 
 prudent economical manner at the Temple till he could be admitted,* and 
 what he thinks of such a plan. 
 
 If practicable it appears to me it might lay a foundation for his procur¬ 
 ing something eligible in the colonies in the line of his profession. Wit¬ 
 ness young Cochran of Halifax, &c. But you have concerns enough of 
 your own to occupy all your attention, this however will cost you only a 
 few minutes conversation and will give you an opportunity of saying to 
 our friend L. j how much I esteem him, and to assure him that I speak and 
 think of him constantly with affection. 
 
 We have had an uncommonly severe season since this month came in; 
 there has been no water communication with Fredericton this fortnight 
 past, the weather is now mild again but no chance of the ice breaking up. 
 I shall be there in February and shall not fail to contribute every thing in 
 my power to the comfort of Mrs. W. and your family to the full extent of 
 the little pittance I engaged to you, and by every other means in my com¬ 
 mand. 
 
 *That is admitted as Attorney. At the foot of the page in Ward Chipman’s letter, 
 Col. Winslow makes a memo as follows “ About £200 the necessary expence at the 
 Temple. Board and Lodge where he thinks.” 
 
 fCol. Lutwyche, with whom Winslow spent much of his time in England. 
 
526 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1804 
 
 I have nothing new to communicate. Parker and his family arrived 
 safe about ten days ago from New York. All our friends here are well. I 
 understand that Judge Allen has had lately something of a paralitic stroke 
 but has recovered again. IJpham is again ill and it is said worse than 
 usual, hut I presume he will weather it, as he has done so many times be¬ 
 fore. 
 
 In case of a vacancy I should by no means wish to succeed to it. I 
 should hope that I might succeed to the place of Attorney General and 
 retain my half-pay, as an allowance on some score, or to have the salary 
 increased by the amount of it. 
 
 I do hope and expect, at least, that the Governor will make such 
 mention of me at the public offices that they will know who I am, if I 
 should ever hereafter be recommended for anything. 
 
 Let us know by the earliest opportunity whether we are again to have 
 the pleasure of seeing his Excellency, and when, in this Province; indeed 
 I shall depend upon hearing a thousand things from you that I cannot 
 expect to hear from any other quarter. But I will be contented with an 
 absolute dearth of all other intelligence if you will communicate to me that 
 you are successful in your pursuits upon your own account. I pray most 
 earnestly that you may he once more in a situation to enjoy life and 
 thereby make your friends, all of whom are much interested in you, happy. 
 
 I am yet without any symptoms of Gout, as I have been for a year and 
 a half last past, and could we once more get together without being so 
 shackled with the grins and gripes of poverty and dependence, I think we 
 should yet rattle off a few years very chearily. Adieu my dear fellow and 
 he assured of the constant, the faithful, friendship and affection of 
 
 Your ever devoted 
 
 W. C. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Stuhhins House, 1 Dee’r, 1804. 
 
 Dear Coll,—I met Captain Eoy on Thursday last by appointment at 
 Gen’l Lusins, ten miles from this place, and I saw him set off yesterday 
 morning for Devonshire, or the land of matrimony, being determined to 
 take unto himself a wife; the Lady is Miss Sophia Courtney, sister to Lord 
 Courtney, and we have none of us seen her, hut by all accounts there is not 
 much beauty nor fortune; he had not heard of your arrival before I told 
 him of it, and expressed great regret at not having seen you, hut that evil 
 is not irreparable. We are to stay here till the 17th. You know that 
 Daniel Hailes is at Deptford; what’s become of the Major?* 
 
 * Major Harris W. Hailes, who was deputy adjutant general at New Bruns¬ 
 wick. 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 527 
 
 I should be glad to know the result of your first interview with those 
 worthy and approved good masters the Comptrolers of Accounts. 
 
 Enclose you letters to my brother. 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Captain Foy to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Powderham Castle, Exeter, Dec’r 7, 1804. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I have heard of your arrival from Gen’l Carleton and 
 beg you to accept my very sincere congratulations. I think probably the 
 change of scene, &c., may be of service to your health. I shall probably 
 remain here and in this part of the country the winter, after which my 
 residence will probably be at Woolwich, when & where I shall take the first 
 opportunity of seeing you. The General & Family are at Lord Dorches¬ 
 ter’s and will very soon leave there for Bath. I hope at your leisure you’ll 
 let me hear from you and tell me your adventures. 
 
 Be good enough to direct under cover to Lord Viscount Courtenay. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 K Foy.^ 
 
 Major Lyman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Scilly Islands, Dec. 17th, 1804. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—I have not much to write, as you may suppose, from 
 this quarter of the world and know not what to say except that I am very 
 anxious to know how you do as to your bodily health, and how you have 
 been impressed with this old world. * * * I wished to have 
 
 accompanied you to London, as nothing could possibly in life have given 
 me more pleasure than to have gone with an old friend like you, but I was 
 so situated in my command here that I could not have done it without 
 asking for a Field Officer to be sent while I was absent, & that was too 
 much to ask. 
 
 I arrived here very comfortably in one of His Majesty’s ships a few 
 days after you left Plymouth only twelve hours on our passage, so that I 
 did not sleep on board, and found everything very comfortable in my 
 ^Government.” I wish you may be drove in here to see how I am situated, 
 which really is very charming indeed, for an old soldier who does not ex¬ 
 pect to “le Baton de Marchel.” I have a most excellent house, 150 
 acres of land around it—a most salubrious air and everything in plenty, 
 except female society—but perhaps I am as well off, for from what I have 
 seen, there are some Blanks in the Lottery of Matrimony. Moreover, I 
 grow very nice as I grow older. 
 
528 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 f 1804 
 
 I hope you found our friend Lutwyche well, give my best compliments 
 to him. * * * Let me hear from you the first morning you 
 
 have half an hour to spare. 
 
 I am very faithfully yours, 
 
 D. Lyman. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bath, 23 Dec’r, 1804. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—Every word of the information conveyed in your let¬ 
 ter of the 7th respecting certain transactions in New Brunswick was new 
 to me, for Odell’s letter was nothing more than an introduction to an 
 effusion of his muse,* which was enclosed. 
 
 The conduct of the two Gentlemen is inexplicable to me, I am ex¬ 
 tremely glad that you have got such satisfactory testimonials, as an ex¬ 
 planation (of what appears to us misterious) must come forth. By a letter 
 which one of the Girls has got from N. B. it appears that Georget had ar¬ 
 rived there, but it would seem that the nature of the visit was not under¬ 
 stood, for the writer observed that Mrs. L-must he highly pleased to 
 
 see her son so unexpectedly. We have been a little more than a week at 
 this place and have suffered more from cold in that time than I remember 
 to have done in any country, excepting the short time we passed at Leon¬ 
 ard’s House on our first arrivalf [in New Brunswick]. 
 
 We had a letter from Captain Foy this morning, written after; of 
 course he’s supremely Happy. 
 
 Very faithfully. Yours &c, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Edward Winslow to His Sons. 
 
 January 1st, 1805, London. 
 
 My dear Sons,—Every effort that I make to write to any individual 
 of my family overwhelms me with distress and concern. I however con¬ 
 sole myself with the consolation that my separation from you was indis- 
 
 *Jonathan Odell’s political poetry, published in Rivington’s Magazine at 
 New York during the Revolution attracted considerable notice at the time. 
 Much attention is devoted to him in Dr. Tyler’s Literary History of the Revolu¬ 
 tion. In 1860 there appeared in print “Loyal Verses of Stansbury and Odell,” 
 edited by Winthrop Sargent. For biographical notices of Jonathan Odell see 
 Sabines American Loyalists, J. W. Lawrence’s “Foot Prints” p. 67, Eaton’s Tory 
 Clergy of the Revolution” p. 174, and Lee’s “First Fifty Years of the Church of 
 England in New Brunswick, pp. 55, 60. 
 
 {Probably George Ludlow is meant. 
 
 {Governor Carleton on his arrival at St. John, Nov. 21, 1784, was escorted to 
 the house of George Leonard on Union street (south side near Dock street), 
 Which had been fitted up for him. 
 
1804] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 529 
 
 pensably necessary, and altho’ my success may not be equal to my wishes— 
 nay, if further misfortunes are to follow me—I shall always think that I 
 acted perfectly right. 
 
 Already I have compleately removed every imputation which could 
 possibly arise from a mistaken and unwarrantable prosecution, and that 
 circumstance has raised me a number of friends in a quarter where I least 
 expected. I have had an opportunity—and a very sweet one to me it has 
 been—of expressing my sentiments on subjects of some importance to the 
 country in which I may be compelled to spend the remainder of my days. 
 
 My arrival here was at an unfortunate moment. Gen. Carleton was 
 absent; Gen. Fox had just departed for Gibraltar; and there was not a 
 single officer of distinction in London with whom I had any acquaint¬ 
 ance. * * * 
 
 The Spanish war gives a fine spring to the navy bucks and the dollars 
 begin to circulate among ’em. A land expedition is supposed to be in con¬ 
 templation commanded by General Moore,* who is said to be a crack 
 General upon the present stage. The force consists of about 20,000 men 
 and Portugal is supposed to be the object. Gen. Moore ’tis said has been 
 in that country for some weeks past reconnoitringand making the neces¬ 
 sary previous arrangements. Lord Nelson is playing the very d—1 with 
 the Spanish shipping. With respect to Bonaparte and Josephine the peo¬ 
 ple of England care no more about them than the Frederictonians do about 
 Jack Arnold and his wife. * * * 
 
 The dreadful gout which I had at Halifax injured my feet in such a 
 manner that I’ve never stepped without pain since, and within these three 
 or four days I’ve been threatened with another attack. God forbid that 
 I should have a violent one in such a place as this. I shall stay here no 
 longer than my friends think necessary. I’ve a memorial before the com¬ 
 missioners to which I shall not get an answer till after the holidays. They 
 have already told me that they will not detain me a moment, that I may 
 leave my memorandum with my agent and return instantly if I please — 
 but this is not exactly what I want. When I get fairly released I shall go 
 to Bath, and I presume that in a short time I shall be able to discover 
 whether there is any chance of my being able to procure anything for the 
 benefit of my family. Seeking for employment without any specific ob¬ 
 ject in view is a forlorn undertaking, and (crippled as I am) it is impossible 
 for me to accept an active situation. Two or three things have been 
 already pointed out to me, but they are in climates where I should soon 
 fall a sacrifice, nor have they been of sufficient importance to justify the 
 risque^ I however stand ready for anything that shall appear rational. 
 
 *Sir John' Moore’s memory is preserved in Wolfe’s fine ode beginning with 
 the familiar line “Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note.” 
 
530 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1804 
 
 God knows what may be the result. Whenever I leave New Brunswick 
 I feel such attachments that the thought of quitting it forever breaks 
 my heart strings. 
 
 I say nothing, my dear boys, about your affairs. I tremble when¬ 
 ever I contemplate the difficulties which you must encounter, and some¬ 
 times I almost reproach myself for leaving you, hut I could not help it, I 
 am sure of your attention to your mother and my precious, very precious, 
 children. They know that I cannot write to them and they know how 
 ardently I love them. God give me once more a sight of ’em and neither 
 malice, poverty, nor any earthly power shall separate me again. 
 
 Adieu, Heaven protect you all, 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bath, 3 Jan’y, 1805. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I hope you have not given up thoughts of coming to 
 Bath; next to London it is worth the Travellers inspection and you should 
 not leave England without seeing it. The present season is a favorable 
 one for the purpose, and you would probably meet Foy there, as he is to 
 pass this place on his way to Town. I hear your friend Lyman* is made 
 Governor of the Silley Islands and is actually resident,—“to reign is worth 
 ambition tho’ in Hell.” Apropos, what’s become of that worthy son of 
 Beliol Mr. Glenie ?t I understood he was to come home this winter. Let 
 us have some account of your life and opinions. 
 
 Yours, etc., 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Philip Deare to Jonathan Bliss. 
 
 Office for Auditing the Public Accounts, 
 Somerset Place, 6th February, 1805. 
 
 Sir,—Edward Winslow Esquire, late Commissary at New Brunswick, 
 having delivered into this office for examination his account as Deputy 
 Paymaster of Contingent Expenses of the Army serving within that pro¬ 
 vince, duly attested on oath, together with vouchers to support the same 
 between 19th October, 1785, and 7th November, 1787, pursuant to a per¬ 
 emptory precept of three Commissioners for auditing the Public Accounts, 
 
 *See biographical note at the end of Chipman’s letter of 4th January, 1786. 
 fSee biographical note under date 25th October, 1785. In the session of the 
 house of assembly in 1797 James Glenie moved certain resolutions charging the 
 lieutenant governor with interfering with the privileges of the house. These 
 resolutions were voted down, but the lieutenant governor never forgot the cir¬ 
 cumstance. James Glenie died in London early in December, 1817, in his 67th year. 
 
1805] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 531 
 
 and which it appears by your letter of the 4th May, 1802, has been served 
 on him, and the same Edward Winslow having thereby eomnlied with the 
 requisition of this Board, the Commissioners have directed me to inform 
 you that it is not their wish that any further proceedings should be had 
 against him. 
 
 I have the honor to he, Sir, &c., &c., 
 
 Ph. Deare. 
 
 E. B. Brenton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Beacon Hill, Bath, 13 Eeb’y, 1805. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Nothing hut real indisposition would have pre¬ 
 vented me from seeing more of you when I was last in Town. * * * 
 
 I sincerely congratulate you on the good news from home. Mrs. 
 Brenton is grateful for your sister’s kind remembrance and will take an 
 opportunity of telling her so—what she means to say of you I don’t pretend 
 to conjecture. I only observe if she says all she thinks both Sally and 
 herself will he fully convinced of your existence and perhaps become ac¬ 
 quainted with more of your good qualities than they were aware of. 
 
 I felicitate you upon getting finally clear of such a “peremptory” set 
 as you have had to deal with. I cannot hut conceive such proceedings to 
 be unjust and illegal. Some good must surely come to you from the per¬ 
 secution, as it may well he called rather than prosecution. Your poetical 
 flight certainly much better suits the meridian of Bond Street than the 
 American Cebbir. 
 
 Mary has just set off with her brother to walk, that they may not 
 
 miss a fair day, and desires me to say that — 
 
 “Two thirds of a cross and a circle compleat, [TO] 
 
 Two semicircles perpendicular meet [B] 
 
 An angle upon two feet, '[A] 
 
 Two semicircles & a circle compleat;” [CCO] 
 
 is the enigma. * * * 
 
 I have seen nothing of the General since my return to Bath, my in¬ 
 disposition having kept me almost wholly at home. I met Miss Carleton 
 yesterday, they are all well and as much delighted with Bath as ever. Let 
 me hear from you when your leisure & inclination suits. Your letters are 
 a source of great entertainment both to the late Katy Taylor & your Mary, 
 who can never he indifferent to or uninterested about you. They unite 
 with me in best wishes for you & Miss Sproule, who I hope we shall soon 
 see here. 
 
 Believe me very sincerely 
 &e. &c. 
 
 E. B. Brenton. 
 
532 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1805 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 28 Feb’y, 1805. 
 
 Mv dear Winslow,—I wrote to you fully by Tom Sproule who sailed 
 from New York for England early in the last month, and again by Gen’l 
 Goffin who sailed from this place three weeks ago in a Brig, commanded by 
 Capt. Scott, bound to Greenwich. We are now hourly in expectation of 
 hearing of your arrival in England either by the November or December 
 mails, both of which are now due, and most anxious are we all to hear 
 that you enjo}' - your health, and that your affairs are prosperous. I re¬ 
 turned a few days ago from Fredericton where I have been attending the 
 Courts, and frequently saw a great part of your family. I twice visited 
 Mrs. Winslow and found them all in perfect health. I supplied her with 
 cash and other articles she immediately wanted, and have taken a memo¬ 
 randum of such articles as she will want from this place as soon as a water 
 conveyance offers, and you may rest assured that I will not cease to con¬ 
 tribute all in my power to her comfort during your absence. 
 
 We have had an uncommonly tempestuous winter, but the weather is 
 once more become very pleasant, and I trust will continue so. 
 
 The GenT Assembly has been very busy and is still sitting, tho’ they 
 have not done much, everything goes on very quietly. The revenue law will 
 again be passed for two years, and a law I understand is passed for issuing 
 Treasurer’s notes for £5,000, bearing interest. This will in some measure 
 relieve the great scarcity of cash in the country, and I hope the exclusion 
 of the Americans from our West India Islands, will give a spring to our 
 commerce and a new complexion to the interests of this Province. Unless 
 this happens universal despondence will take place. The school-bill* is 
 again revived, has passed the House, and will I understand be assented to 
 by the Council. £100 per annum is given to the City, and £50 to each 
 county for the establishment of permanent schools, the latter to be under 
 
 The first school act was passed by the New Brunswick legislature in 1802. 
 Up to this time all schools had been regulated by the following section. No. 76, 
 of the Royal Instructions to Governor Carleton:— 
 
 “ And we do further direct that no school master who shall arrive in our 
 “ said province from this kingdom be hence forward permitted to keep school 
 51 in that our said province without the license of the Lord Bishop of London. 
 “ and that no person there or that shall come from other parts shall be admit- 
 “ ted to keeep school in New Brunswick without your license first obtained.” 
 
 The school bill referred to by Ward Chipman in his letter above was entitled “An 
 Act for encouraging and extending Literature in this Province.” The greater portion 
 of the Act relates soley to the St. John Grammar School. Quite an elaborate provis¬ 
 ion was made for its establishment and maintenance. The President of the Corpor¬ 
 ation, or Board of Directors was the Rector of Trinity Church in St. John. Provis¬ 
 ion was made for eight free scholars, all others were required to pay fees. The 
 Grammar School at St. John was an excellent institution in its day and had many 
 teachers of much ability. 
 
1805] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 533 
 
 the direction of the Justices in their sessions. A new militia bill has also 
 passed. A hill was brought in for attaching the rights of fishery to the 
 proprietors of the soil, but was lost by the casting voice of Jas. Peters, the 
 Chairman of the Committee. I do not recollect anything else of conse¬ 
 quence, it is supposed the Assembly will be prorogued the latter end of 
 this week. 
 
 My wife joins me in every affectionate wish for your health, welfare 
 and good fortune, & I am as ever. 
 
 Yours faithfully & unalterably, 
 
 W. C. 
 
 H. Knox to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ealing, March 15. 1805. 
 
 Sir,—My father having been for several days past confined to his bed 
 by St. Anthony’s Eire in his head & the Gout in his feet, desires me to 
 acquaint you that he received on Thursday morning a letter from Mr. 
 Faulkner, appointing him to attend the Lords of the Council on Monday 
 next at one o’clock; but as he was obliged to declare himself unable to at¬ 
 tend their Lordship’s appointment, he expects they will put off the hearing 
 until some further day, though he thinks the materials he has given them 
 are fully sufficient for them to decide upon. 
 
 I remain Sir, 
 
 Your obedient humble servant, 
 
 H. Knox. 
 
 Charles J. Peters to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saint John, 26th, March, 1805. 
 
 My Dear Sir,—I should be the most ungrateful of living mortals if 
 I suffered this opportunity to escape without expressing the real and un¬ 
 feigned joy your account of the fortunate and happy turn the vile and 
 malignant persecution set up against you in this country has taken. * * 
 
 I am sure I read your letter to our friend Mr. Chipman with a kind 
 of pleasurable phrenzy. And what do you think the old Timon of an 
 Attorney General says? He can pay no attention to Mr. Deare’s Letter, 
 that it is not sufficient to induce any discontinuance of the prosecution 
 (alias persecution) on his part, but the Court may make what order they 
 think proper. You see the Tiger like disposition of the man loth to quit 
 his hold. * * * 
 
 I spent about three weeks at Fredericton the past winter. I had the 
 pleasure of seeing some part of your good family every day and rest assured 
 I visited Mrs. Winslow as often as business and the state of the travelling 
 
534 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1805 
 
 would allow. They were never before so completely enveloped in snow. I 
 never saw anything like it even in Canada where the clouds let down the 
 snow without mercy. And it appeared to me that the Sun-bellied Bacchus 
 was as prolific as the clouds for so much snow and dissipation I never 
 knew. * * * 
 
 The post will be off from this in about an hour and I scratch this 
 scrawl in haste, Mr. Chipman having promised to enclose it in his dis¬ 
 patches. 
 
 Should you see General Coffin after this reaches you tell him I shall 
 be exceedingly glad to have the account of his safe arrival by his own 
 hand—that we have been all frightened to death here at a rascally report 
 of the loss of the Brig in which he took his departure, before clearing the 
 Bay of Fundy, but our fears are now at an end on that score. 
 
 Mrs. Peters & myself visited Mrs. Coffin about three weeks since on the 
 Ice, all well. 
 
 In haste. Your ever obliged & sincere friend, 
 
 Charles J. Peters. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 27 March, 1805. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I will not attempt to describe to you the heart¬ 
 felt pleasure which your letters of the 12th Nov. and 5 Dec’r, just received 
 by the Packet, afforded me. The January mail arrived with those for 
 Nov. and Dec. yesterday, but brought no letters of a later date from you 
 than the above. I have communicated the intelligence to your friends 
 who rejoice with us at your success in so happily settling the business 
 which carried you home, and I hope the first good fortune is an earnest 
 of better things to come. Make yourself easy about your family, they are 
 all well and I shall take care that they are supplied with what they want 
 in your absence. * * * 
 
 We are all jogging on in the same old way without anything uncom¬ 
 mon to depress or inspirit us. Drury* is on the point of leaving us for 
 England via Boston to join his regiment the 5th. As his wife is in a fair 
 
 ♦Colonel Charles Drury, of the British army, was A. D. C. in 1821 to Lieut. 
 Gov. Smyth. He married a daughter of Hon. William Hazen, sister to the wife 
 of Ward Chipman. After his retiring from the army here he for many years 
 held the office of post master and registrar of deeds and wills for St. John. He 
 was succeeded in the latter office by his son. Ward Chipman Drury. The fol¬ 
 lowing marriage notice appeared in a St. John paper:— 
 
 “ Married on Thursday evening last (Dec. 2.7, 1804), by the Rev. Dr. Byles, 
 “ Major John Foster Fitzgerald, of the New Brunswick Fencibles, to Miss Char¬ 
 lotte Hazen; and Captain Charles Drury of the 5th Regiment of Foot to Miss 
 “ Frances A. Hazen, daughters of the Hon. William Hazen, Esq., of Portland.” 
 
 This double wedding was a grand social event in its day. 
 
1805 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 535 
 
 way and it would be imprudent for her to undertake a voyage now, she 
 remains at present a part of my family. Charlotte and Fitzgerald* will 
 I believe remove to the Fort. 
 
 I heard from Fredericton a few days ago when all your family were 
 well. I have sent up such articles as Mrs. Winslow thought she should 
 want before the river opens. 
 
 I am very anxious to know if it will be your destiny to return to us. 
 1 wish devoutly some provision could be made for a few of us in some 
 other quarter. I see that I must ere long decamp from this. There are 
 so many other men in the profession that I find myself almost without any 
 business at all and I cannot condescend to seek it. I sometimes think that 
 a strong memorial to the Secretary of State supported by the Governor 
 would procure some back allowance as Solicitor General; my half-pay pre¬ 
 vents my applying for it in future but I have now served twenty years for 
 nothing. * * * - 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Lansdowne House, 4 April, 1805. 
 
 I fully intended calling upon you this forenoon, but the weather seems 
 to forbid all egress; in the meantime I send enclosed a letter for the Pro¬ 
 vince. The first fair day I hope to find you ready for a walk. 
 
 Yours, &c, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Major General Campbell. 
 
 London, 28th July, 1805. 
 
 Sir,—I have been eight months! in this great City and long ere this 
 I would have paid my respects to you in writing if a consideration of some 
 delicacy and importance had not prevented. This day I have the pleasure 
 to tell you that the business alluded to has terminated in a manner honor¬ 
 able to me as an officer and perfectly satisfactory to me as a gentleman, and 
 I feel myself now at liberty to detail the circumstances and I shall do it 
 as concisely as I can. 
 
 You appointed me paymaster of contingencies for the province of Yew 
 Brunswick, and so liberal and extensive was your confidence in me that 
 you did not take the usual precaution of requiring bonds with sureties from 
 me. I executed the duty with care and fidelity and I transmitted my ac¬ 
 counts and vouchers to y our Head Quarters at Halifax, and the receipt of 
 
 *Major Fitzgerald was afterwards General Sir John Foster Fitzgerald, M. 
 P. His daughter, Charlotte, married Otto Leopold Baron Von Ende, chamber- 
 lain to the King of Saxony, and another daughter, Anne, married Sir Robert 
 Keith Arbuthnot, baronet of Scotland. 
 
 fCol. Winslow arrived in London November 13, 1804. 
 
536 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1805 
 
 ’em was duly acknowledged, but owing to the slovenly conduct of two sot¬ 
 tish thick headed paymasters, by the names of Wheelwright and Whitelock, 
 they were delayed in their progress, and finally detained in their offices 
 except one or two abstracts, altho’ I have repeated letters from both of ’em 
 informing me that they were all transmitted to England. After a lapse 
 of several years the Auditors of public accounts sent precepts to me re¬ 
 quiring me to appear and deliver my vouchers, &c. To these letters I 
 made respectful answers in which I stated all the facts — notwithstanding 
 which they kept up a fire of precepts and at last issued what they called a 
 compulsory process. This was making the matter rather too serious, and 
 I foresaw that the next attack would be upon you, and I was sure it would 
 necessarily be productive of great embarrassment and perplexity, because 
 there was not any other man on earth capable of explaining these trans¬ 
 actions but myself. I therefore, my dear Sir, could not reconcile it to 
 my feelings that a Gentleman for whom I ever had the most cordial affec¬ 
 tion and esteem, and who had treated me with brotherly attention and 
 kindness should be pestered and disturbed in his retirement by a wanton, 
 unnecessary, mistaken prosecution. [Remainder wanting.] 
 
 Governor William Franklin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [London] Sunday 25th August, 1805. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I called at your Lodgings a few days ago, when I was told 
 you had removed to Kensington, but your old Landlord could not tell me 
 to what Number. 
 
 I was in hopes from what passed when I last saw you that I should 
 have had the Pleasure of seeing you in Norton Street soon after. I now 
 send my Servant to endeavour to find you out and to inform you that if 
 you have not already seen Windsor Castle (which the King has lately great¬ 
 ly improved and ornamented) you may have an opportunity of doing it 
 very agreeably—if you have no objection to the company of Ladies—on 
 Tuesday next. We propose to go in two Post Chaises, three in each Chaise. 
 Mrs. Franklin and another Lady will be glad to take you between them, 
 and I go between two others. Each Lady to pay share and share alike with 
 the Gentlemen, for they will not go on any other condition. 
 
 If this suits you we shall be happy to be favored with your Company. 
 We mean to call at Kensington to take up little Ellen, and can take you up 
 at the same Time, about 7 o’clock in the morning. We are to Breakfast 
 at Hanslow, and dine at Windsor in Time to get Home the same evening. 
 
 In hopes you will not have any Business to prevent your going with us, 
 I remain. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 Wm. Franklin. 
 
1805] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 537 
 
 Lieut. Gov. Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ramsgate, 28 August, 1805. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—By not hearing from you I take it for granted that 
 you keep your old station at 240 [Oxford St. London]. I find that among 
 the Acts of Assembly lately transmitted from our Province, there is one 
 to authorise the issue of paper currency to the amount of £5,000, and an¬ 
 other to prohibit any person not His Majesty’s subject from importing or 
 selling any goods within the Province. Perhaps you have heard something 
 of these Acts from some of your friends; at all events let me know what 
 you think of them; everything that bears a relation to trade, coming from 
 a certain quarter, should he scrutinized with a jealous eye. 
 
 Yours very faithfully, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, Oct’r 2nd, 1805. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I left the melancholy task to he communicated to 
 you of the death of your dear Catherine to some friend who would less 
 wound your heart with the recital of the event, and who could offer con¬ 
 solations with more effect; the last Packet sailed without a letter from me 
 on that account. 
 
 * * * The death of your Daughter caused excessive grief in your 
 
 other children, not having ever experienced a like calamity in the family. 
 Mrs. Winslow supported herself under it with great resolution, which mo¬ 
 derated the grief of those who surrounded and looked to her for some 
 consolation. Your daughter Hannah was at our house and left us a little 
 before the melancholy event happened and was with Mrs. Coffin at the 
 Manor. * * * 
 
 The Governors not coming out this year has given great spirits to cer¬ 
 tain classes, some high and of the lowest, these have everything their own 
 way, as popularity among the latter is the order of the day. Poor Hazen’s* 
 property in every court is sacrificed to that purpose. There is however no 
 despair or depression of spirits, altho’ it is circulated that the Government 
 is likely to remain in the present hands as long as those who now possess 
 it are alive; and for aught I know it may be as well as in some others, for 
 if I had the power I feel no great zeal or ambition to remove it from darkness 
 to darkness, but let it remain motionless as it has for years past. The 
 only spring looked for is in your exertions and Lord Sheffield’s. I hope 
 by this time His Lordship has received the box, in which is the freedom of 
 
 *The reference is to decisions of the courts curtailing Mr. Hazen’s fishery- 
 privileges along the Portland shore. 
 
538 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1805 
 
 the City* and Chipman’s letter which accompany’d it — and that Mr. 
 Enox has the money to pay for His Lordship’s picture; this I have desired 
 Goodall and Turner to pay, and shall look to the House of Assembly to 
 reimburse me. * * * 
 
 I am not a little pleased that you find in Lord Sheffield a friend. We 
 shall soon have all our fishing smacks named after him. 
 
 Judge Saunder’s son has this moment come down from Fredericton on 
 his way to England with Mr. Fennell so that it is probable you will see 
 him in London. 
 
 * * * Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 5 Octo’r, 1805. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—My last letter to you was forwarded by your son 
 Tom who I hope is long before this time safe with you. I have not written 
 to you since, because I thought it much more than probable that the Gov¬ 
 ernor and his family and yourself would be on your return to us before a 
 letter could reach you, until I received your letter by the August mail, 
 which has in many respects given me very great pleasure. 
 
 * * * Your triumph is I think now complete over those who made 
 
 it necessary for you to leave us, and I most earnestly pray that a further 
 result may be a handsome provision for you for the remainder of your days, 
 for my own sake I could wish it to be in this quarter, hut I see little 
 chance of that, and if it is in any other country my next wish is to accom¬ 
 pany you, for I do assure you that I every day feel more and more dis¬ 
 satisfied with this; hut as I consider my lot permanently cast I shall 
 endeavour to make the best of it. 
 
 You must he aware that there is very little intelligence worthy of 
 communication from this quarter; a journal of one week for the summer 
 and another for the winter would serve to describe our situation to you the 
 year round. I am at length once more free from gout and hope to have an¬ 
 other interval of two years, tho’ the continued weakness of my feet almost 
 forbids me to expect it. I am glad you have been dissuaded from the use of 
 the cold water to the parts affected; tho’ it may afford temporary relief, 
 you may depend upon it, it would soon prove fatal to you, it merely serves 
 to repel the gout from the extremities to the vital parts. 
 
 *See the account in Lawrence’s Foot Prints at pp. 35, 36. The freedom of 
 the city was voted by the common council in recognition of Lord Sheffield's 
 exertions in support of the navigation laws. It was enclosed in a box made of 
 native wood and accompanied by a suitable letter from the recorder, Ward 
 Chipman.. The council ordered that a picture painted from an engraved like¬ 
 ness of his lordship, presented by Hon. George Leonard, be suitably framed and 
 hung up in the City Hall. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 539 
 
 1805] 
 
 Chip has returned from College, having taken his degree with great 
 eclat. He had the English oration at Commencement, which is considered 
 as the first part, and he has been famously puffed off in their newspapers. 
 I think he is much improved, and he is now I do assume you a genteel, 
 sensible, well informed young man. He has commenced his studies under 
 my direction, but what to do with him, I know not. I cannot bear the 
 thought of his burying himself in this country, and it is not in my power 
 to educate him in or for any other. I could wish to send him to the 
 Temple, but this is out of the question for my finances, and his rich uncle 
 has made no overtures to any such effect, and I have no chance of assistance 
 from any other quarter. , 
 
 Your family are all well, the grievous loss you have sustained by the 
 death of your little petted daughter, you will have been made acquainted 
 with from Clopper before this reaches you. Mrs. Winslow, I learn, has 
 borne this afflicting stroke with great philosophy and resignation. * * 
 
 Mrs. Coffin is earnestly looking out for the Major General by this 
 opportunity. I do not learn from her that he now entertains a hope of 
 anything being done for him. I have no letters from him since his first 
 arrival in London, he then thought the ball under his feet, and I suspect 
 must be greatly mortified and dissatisfied to find all his hopes and expect¬ 
 ations at an end. 
 
 Give my love to our best & most valuable friend T. A. Coffin. I do 
 not write to him as I have nothing to say, but tell him that my household 
 are all well. 
 
 Our Government goes very smoothly on, the President more retired 
 than ever at Carleton*, and everything done by a Committee of Council of 
 which the Chief Justice is at the head. In his judicial capacity he has 
 lately given a death blow to all the piscary interests of our good friend 
 Mr. Hazen. He brought an action for trespass for taking possession of his 
 Weir, erected upon the flats on this side the Point within the boundaries 
 of his Grant near the King’s Provision Store, of which he proved himself 
 to have been in possession 40 years — but the Chief, without hesitation, 
 directed the Jury that it was an arm of the sea and common to all; that 
 even if all the fisheries there had been expressly granted to him, the grant 
 would not have been worth a farthing. That the Grant of the City 
 fisheries was good for nothing and that they therefore applied to the Gen- 
 
 *Hon. Gabriel G. Ludlow, formerly colonel of DeLancey’s 3rd battalion, was 
 president of the council and administrator of the government at this time. He 
 was also judge of the court of vice admiralty, and served as first mayor of the 
 city of St. John. He lived in Carleton, as stated by Chipman in his letter; the 
 house is still standing and known as the “old government house.” In Trinity 
 church, destroyed by fire in 1877, a tablet was erected to the memory of Gabriel 
 G. Ludlow on which were recorded the words “He was truly a good man.” He 
 died in 1822 in his 80th year. See Lawrence’s Foot Prints, pp. 10, 12. 
 
540 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1805 
 
 eral Assembly to confirm it by a law. Such tergiversation, such unbounded 
 thirst for popularity with the fishermen here is too provoking! but I cannot 
 enlarge upon the subject here, if we ever meet I shall have much to say 
 to you which I cannot commit to paper. We mean however to resist such 
 (in my opinion) lawless decisions and, if we can, to appeal in the last resort 
 to the King in Council. I wish you could procure some opinions on this 
 subject from the law characters you may fall in with. To me it appears 
 absurd to apply the obsolete articles of Magna Charta and principles of the 
 Common Law to this Country, whose settlement depends upon principles 
 and practice diametrically opposite to them. 
 
 This letter will be forwarded by Mr. Fennell of the New Brunswick 
 Reg’t, who has leave to go home. He takes under his charge Judge Saun¬ 
 ders’ son John, who appears to me to be a fine boy. The Deputy Quarter 
 Master Gen’l, Col. Furlong, is now at Fredericton to inspect and pass the 
 regiment which is a great event for them, they are all bustle upon the 
 occasion and the General I understand gives a magnificent Ball. 
 
 You will doubtless hear from Leonard that his daughter Caroline is 
 lately married to Ralph Jarvis; the match appears to be highly pleasing to 
 both families. The match between W. Odell and Jane Billopp seems to be 
 quite off and it is said that Wm. Black is soon to carry off the prize. Sheriff 
 Oliver is, it is said, soon to be married to your favorite Miss Boyd. 
 
 I do not recollect anything else foreign or domestic to mention except 
 that Charlotte and Fanny (alias Mrs. Fitzgerald and Mrs. Drury*) are in 
 hourly expectation of presenting us the fruits of their matrimonial inter¬ 
 course—the latter is one of our family; if you see Drury tell him she is very 
 well and give my best love to him. Remember me also very affectionately 
 to our good friend Lutwyche. 
 
 Adieu my dear Winslow & believe me in all places, at all times, and on 
 all occasions. 
 
 Your ever faithful, affectionate, & devoted, 
 
 W. C. 
 
 Wife and Chip desire me to present to you their best love. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ramsgate, 19 Nov’r, 1805. 
 
 Dear Col’l.—It is so long since I have had a line from you that I fear 
 your old persecutor has been bringing up lee way by something worse than 
 one of his usual visitations; if the foe has not attacked your hands I should 
 be glad to have a line. You have probably had accounts from N. B. since 
 I heard from you. 
 
 *See under date 27th March, 1805, in this book. 
 

Church at Natlky Scures in Hants where Lt.-Gov. Carleton is Buried. 
 
1805] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 541 
 
 Mr. Knox informed me that he had received instructions from the 
 Assembly to represent the state of the Province' to the ministers, have yon 
 had any communication on this subject? 
 
 We have been extremely anxious to hear the particulars of the famous 
 victory of Trafalgar. All we know of William* at present is that the 
 Colossus was there. 
 
 We have not yet fixed a day for our leaving this place, hut it will 
 probably be early in the next month. Adieu. 
 
 T. C. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ramsgate, 1 Dec’r, 1805. 
 
 The ladies join in thanks for your attention. We got a note from 
 your friend with the glad tidings of William’s safety which after such a 
 conflict is Providential. 
 
 I am glad you have got a sight of the Instructions; it seems odd that 
 no notice has been taken of them either by Odell or Chip-man. We hope 
 to be in Town on Wednesday next, and have engaged No. 40, Conduit 
 Street, where we hope to See you ere long. 
 
 The rumour respecting Canada is I believe without foundation, as 
 yours was the first information I have had of it. 
 
 Yours &e. 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 14th Dec’r, 1805. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—My last letter to you was by Mr. Fennell who went 
 from this place with Judge Saunders son under his care for Boston on 
 their way to England. Since that our friend Geh’l Coffin has arrived and 
 delivered to me your letters by him. If he met with mortification or dis¬ 
 appointment in England he has forgot it all. He appears to be in high 
 spirits and is I think determined to sit down quietly here at home under 
 a full conviction that he cannot do better. He is gratified with his visit 
 and speaks very affectionately of you all. Your friends here feel great 
 satisfaction in your complete triumph and success in the business that 
 carried you home, and we all most anxiously hope that you will obtain 
 some provision that will better your situation. In this country I see noth- 
 
 *William Carleton, only son of Lieut. Governor Carleton, here referred to, 
 was born in Fredericton in 1789. He became a captain in the royal navy. He 
 was one of the last survivors of the battle of Trafalgar. He died in 1874 at the 
 age of 84 years, and is buried along with his father in the vault of Natley 
 Scures church in Hants, England. 
 
542 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [IROf 
 
 ing that you can look to worthy any regard except the reversion of Wan¬ 
 ton’s* place, hut he I believe will outlive us all. I have not seen him for 
 many years apparently in better health, and he leads a remarkably abstemi¬ 
 ous regular life. 
 
 * * * You ask if Chip is with me? He is, he took his 
 
 degree at the last Commencement in August. I have had the vanity to 
 inclose to our friend T. A. Coffin the paragraph from the Boston papers 
 respecting the English oration, assigned Chip in the exercises. He is now 
 with me pursuing his studies, preparatory to his entering upon the study 
 of the law, and I hope will be contented to follow his fortune in the manner 
 that I may he enabled to provide for him. He is mild and I think gentle¬ 
 manlike in his manners and deportment, very industrious, hut ambitious 
 to understand and to excel in whatever he undertakes. Should he here¬ 
 after have a field for exertion I doubt not he will do well. I am much 
 obliged by your kind inquiries respecting the expence of an education at 
 the Temple. When I requested you to make them I anticipated the possi¬ 
 bility that his Hncle Gray, who is highly pleased with his conduct and 
 afterwards made a handsome entertainment for him at his Commencement, 
 might offer to complete his education in England, and I gave some indirect 
 hints upon the subject; but I found that his wishes were that his education 
 might he completed in the States, which did not exactly accord with Chip’s 
 or my own inclination. So that I have given up all thoughts of his looking 
 beyond some of these Provinces for his future destination. I hope he will 
 never he contented to starve, as I have done, in this part of the Country. 
 
 Our friend Leonard has been making another seizure at “the lines,” 
 as they are called, in which I think he is perfectly right. On this occasion 
 I have taken some pains to digest into a formal argument all that I think 
 can be said upon the subject of the Islands, which I have shewn to him, 
 and he is so much pleased with it that he has determined to have a few 
 copies printed. I presume he will send one to Lutwyche, in which case 
 you will see it. 
 
 * * * As for any expectations of anything further being 
 
 done for me, I give them up. My situation is mortifying in the extreme, 
 but it is too late for me ever to think of remedying it. When I was in 
 Boston last summer Mr. King, the late American Minister, told me that 
 the line marked out by Judge Benson,t which you will see in my argument, 
 had been actually agreed upon between him and the British Minister, tho’ 
 no instrument confirming it was actually signed. I think if the question 
 is understood there never can be any doubt, and I think it will be a good 
 
 *William Wanton was collector of customs at St. John. 
 
 t Judge Egbert Benson, of New York, was the umpire, or third commissioner, 
 in the international boundary arbitration of the year 1796. 
 
1805J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 543 
 
 field for Lord Sheffield, Mr. Knox, &c., to enter in onr behalf. Yon under¬ 
 stand the subject so perfectly that it may give you an opportunity of being 
 useful upon the occasion. My name will he known to Lord Sheffield by a 
 letter I wrote to him last August officially as recorder, accompanying the 
 freedom of the city, which was presented to him in a box of birds-eye 
 maple. If it should fall in your way I should like to know how' his Lord- 
 ship received it. The cause in the Admiralty is not yet argued, and how 
 our friend Botsford will determine this question I know not, but I think 
 he has firmness enough to do right, malgre all the temporizing degrading 
 Politics of some of our great men. I think the cause is calculated to give 
 some eclat and consequence to our friend Leonard’s establishment as 
 Superintendent, and this I am sure you will be glad to have an opportunity 
 to promote. * * * 
 
 With regard to all public affairs here, we are really a self-governed 
 quiet people, and get on just as w'ell without a governor as with one, and 
 so I think we should without their Honors the Judges. The President* 
 is more retired and secluded from the world than ever at Carleton; Every¬ 
 thing is done by a sort of necromantic action and reaction of a Committee 
 of Council, the head of which has an influence I think never again to be 
 shaken, unless we should have a young, active, vigorous and enterprising 
 Governor to bring forth the energies and capabalities of the country, an 
 event most devoutly to be wished. 
 
 You mention the two Acts of Assembly, one for emitting paper to the 
 amount of £5,000, and one for prohibiting the bringing into or selling in 
 the Province any merchandize by any others than British subjects. I 
 know not what immediately occasioned the latter act, tho’ I presume it 
 was the American traders at the lines, whose illicit practices Mr. Leonard’s 
 efforts are so well calculated to interrupt. 
 
 The act for emission of Paper was well intended. It is not a lawful 
 tender, except at the Treasury for Provincial duties, and I believe would 
 have proved a good circulating medium in the great scarcity of specie here 
 had the notes not borne an interest, which they do at 5 per cent. This 
 it was supposed would have made them more current; but the trouble of 
 calculating the interest, and the knowledge requisite to understand it, has 
 made People in general so shy of them that they are passed with great 
 difficulty, and will principally rest in the hands of the merchants for the 
 payment of duties. They have however been of some service in the pay¬ 
 ment of public creditors, who somehow or other contrive to get rid of them 
 again, tho’ with delay and difficulty, without much loss. 
 
 All our silver is carried to the States to pay for contraband articles, 
 and so would the gold also have been had it not been for another Act of 
 
 *Col. Gabriel G. Ludlow. 
 
544 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1805 
 
 Assembly fixing the standard weight of gold coin, and allowing or deduct¬ 
 ing so much a grain for every grain above or below the standard, which 
 having made the gold as valuable here, or rather more so than it is in the 
 United States, we have now a great deal of Gold in circulation. 
 
 Could but our trade and fisheries be a little encouraged, and the 
 restrictions taken off from our trade with Spain and Portugal by compell¬ 
 ing the vessels to go to England, I think these colonies would soon increase 
 in their consequence both to the mother country and themselves. * * * 
 
 - W. C. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, Decem’r 14th, 1805. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Your family are well and comfortable. I have 
 written up to Mrs. Winslow if she has occasion for anything she need not 
 confine her application to Mr. Chipman. I say, as in my former letter, 
 you do well in staying in England to try the extent of your fortune and 
 most of your friends think so. * * * 
 
 I most truly wish there was an opening in the Custom House here 
 where it requires just such a person as yourself for the advantages of trade 
 and navigation of the colony, for under its present management they are 
 all thrown into the hands of the late revolted colonies. 
 
 I told you in my last that I should furnish you with more matter 
 for the Commissioners of the Customs and for Ministers, if they think the 
 trade of these Colonies worth attending to. 
 
 The seizure of an American vessel in the Bay of Passamaquoddy has 
 brought forward a claim from the States to several of the Islands in that 
 Bay and the waters which surround them. An answer to that claim, by 
 Chipman, does him the greatest credit, as it is thought conclusive and 
 unanswerable. The cause is not yet tried in the Vice Court of Admiralty, 
 waiting for the evidence to be produced on the part of the claimants. But 
 I have got the answer printed—at least it is now in the press—and hope to 
 have it to send to you, Lord Sheffield, Mr. King (who was in the Duke of 
 Portland’s office when you and Chipman were engaged in settling the 
 Boundary line, and who took the active part of that business in that office, 
 and who I think will be much pleased with the document), and one to Mr. 
 Knox and another to Col. Lutwyche. * * * 
 
 Chipman has at this moment informed me that notice has been given 
 to him as the Advocate General in the Vice Court of Admiralty by the 
 American Agent, that William Wanton the Collector, and Kobert Parker,* 
 
 *Robert Parker was a Massachusetts Loyalist. He was appointed comp¬ 
 troller of customs and ordnance storkeeper shortly after his arrival in St. John, 
 holding both offices during the remainder of his life. Hon. Chief Justice Parker 
 and Hon. Neville Parker, judges of the supreme court, were his sons. Robert 
 Parker, the Loyalist, died in October, 1S52, aged 84 years. 
 
1805J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 545 
 
 Comptroller, will be examined before the Registrar on the part of the 
 claimant for the sloop Falmouth. This has excited the astonishment of 
 all who know it, that the principal officers of His Majesty’s Customs should 
 volunteer in a business of this nature to shelter the Americans in that 
 contraband trade within the district under their charge, to prevent. The 
 Surveyor and Searcher, Mr. Colin Campbell,* is one of the Agents for the 
 American claim for the sloop Falmouth, and the Collector and Comptroller 
 are evidences for the claimants. It is one of the most extraordinary mat¬ 
 ters in the history of Custom House Officers. A son of the Surveyor and 
 Searcher is owner of the cargo of the Falmouth; this accounts for Camp- 
 bell’s taking the active part he does. Wanton and Parker are afraid of 
 the illegal transactions at Campo Bello making their appearances on the 
 trial of the above vessel, and that the trade with American subjects there 
 will lay open their emoluments of office under Dunn their Deputy Col¬ 
 lector. This information is necessary for you. Loads of more may be 
 sent if wanted, which you can collect and put in form—and come out 
 yourself and execute the office of Collector. 
 
 The most that may be said of me is that I am contending with too 
 much zeal for the revenue of the Crown and the fair British merchant, 
 and a strict adherence to the Navigation Laws—the Collector is contending 
 for a contraband trade with the late revolted colonies. In this you’ll see 
 I have given myself credit. 
 
 I have recommended Lord Sheffield to you for further information 
 on our right to the Islands, and on the illicit trade there, &c. &c. 
 
 Yours very affectionately. 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, Decem’r 20th, 1805. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—While the ship lays here in the Harbour I shall con¬ 
 tinue to write to you. I began the 14th, and may end the 22nd, the time 
 fixed absolutely for her to sail. The post was in from Fredericton this 
 morning—your family all well & comfortable. Mr. Smith and his wife 
 are here from New York, on their way to Fredericton for the Winter. 
 
 Chipman’s, and my time has wholly been occupied to prepare for the 
 trial of the sloop Falmouth, no less than 20 evidences have been interro¬ 
 gated before the Register—the opposite party—the Claimants, do not yet 
 know the object of our pursuit, the condemnation of the vessel is a second 
 consideration—the first is to obtain a right by the Treaty to all the Islands 
 
 *The Colin Campbells who came to New Brunswick were legion. This one 
 came from Sissiboo, Nova Scotia. He was president of the Charlotte county 
 bank, and an important man at St. Andrews in its early history. 
 
546 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1805 
 
 in the Bay of Passamaquoddy and the waters which surround them, allow¬ 
 ing the Americans a fair navigation into the St. Croix, but not to permit 
 them on their passage thro’ our waters to stop, and injure our trade and 
 navigation. 
 
 I am sorry that we are not ready to send you the whole evidence on 
 this business, & annex it to the Claim and answer which you will receive. 
 
 Notwithstanding the time and anxiety with which my mind has been 
 engaged, to bring forward the whole of the business of the illicit trade, at 
 New Brunswick, and our right to the Islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, 
 I have not been without a strong degree of resentment, at the illiberal 
 conduct of those who have made unjust insinuations on the Indian affairs at 
 the Yale and, as soon as the trial of the American vessel is over, I shall 
 send a particular account of every shilling fairly and justly expended on 
 the Academy at the Yale, which will prove the insinuations to be the most 
 wicked and malicious ever known in any matter—as it will be seen that 
 I have expended with the greatest economy and judiciously upwards of £100 
 sterling on that Building, besides all the care and labour of my family, 
 which would by any other person been charged at £120 more. 
 
 The Building is now a strong and well built House that with £50 
 repairs will last 50 years, as it stands on a strong stone and brick wall above 
 the ground out of reach of rotting. * * * 
 
 The Chief must be at the bottom of this wickedness by his myrmidons, 
 the Stockton’s, and that fellow Morton,* and when he went to Fredericton 
 from the Yale, he was in high wrath with Arnold, and the old school 
 Master Regan, t and I had my share also of his anger, tho’ he kept his 
 resentment to himself. From him and the Stocktons the Chief must have 
 collected the tales which he transmitted to George, to be conveyed to some 
 of the Members, l as a punishment for my attempting to build the Academy 
 at the Yale instead of Fredericton, where his store 7 would have had the 
 benefit;—this my friend is the source of all the evil that has happened to 
 that benevolent Institution, and which my family is now in want of the 
 money I have expended on it in the spirit of my enthusiasm to promote 
 the views of the New England Company to whom I felt obliged for the 
 trust reposed in me (by the recommendation of my worthy friend Mr. 
 
 *See biographical note under date 20th May, 1793. 
 
 tJeremiah Regan taught the Indian Academy at Sussex from 1797 until hiss 
 death in 1815. 
 
 jThat is the members of the board of government in England. The motives 
 of Chief Justice Ludlow in this matter in all probability were less selfish than 
 Geo. Leonard assumes. The utility of the Indian Academy at Sussex in the 
 light of its results is at least a very debatable matter. See Leonard Allison’s 
 account of the institution in his life of Rev. Oliver Arnold. 
 
 || The store of Ludlow, Fraser and Robinson in Fredericton. 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 547 
 
 Maudnit*,) and to whom I have the highest respect and veneration for 
 their individual characters. My family, my dear Winslow, join most 
 •cordially in best wishes for your success, and believe me very affectionately 
 and faithfully. Yours, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bath, 1 Feb’y, 1806. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I have a letter from Hailes with an account of the 
 death of that worthy member of our Council, Mr. Daniel Bliss, I imme¬ 
 diately wrote to Lord Castlereagh to recommend Chipman for the vacant 
 seat. 
 
 The day after we got here, which was the 21st, I had a letter from 
 Lord St. Vincent offering to place William in the Amazon Frigate, com¬ 
 manded by Captain Parker his own nephew. She was to join the squadron 
 under Sir John Warren and ready to start with the first northerly wind; 
 this was not to be rejected, so I set out with William for Portsmouth that 
 same evening and found to my great satisfaction on my arrival next morn¬ 
 ing, that Sir J. W/s fleet which had sailed was put back, so got the Gentle¬ 
 man completely equipped in the course of three days and left him last 
 Saturday night ready to embark next morning, and I believe they sailed 
 the following day. Sir Isaac Coffin was very civil and very useful to us. 
 He is about to give up his situation at Portsmouth for some speculation 
 on the Magdalen Islands which I am sorry for. 
 
 I hope you have got fairly under way again. We are in Pulteney 
 Street; let us hear from you. 
 
 Yours, &c., 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Peter Oliver to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Shrewsbury, England, Feb’y 1, 1806. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I received your very kind favour of the 17th of Dec’r, for 
 which I am very much obliged to you, and have only to regret my not 
 having the pleasure of a personal interview with you when I was last in 
 London. * * * 
 
 ♦Israel Maudnit of London was at this time president of the board of gov¬ 
 ernors of the “New England Company.” The operations of the company in 
 New Brunswick were continued from 1786 to 1833 for the purpose of educating 
 the Indians and converting them to the Protestant faith. During that period 
 the expenditure aggregated about $140,000, of which sum probably 30 per cent, 
 was paid to officials who had little or nothing to do with the work of instruc¬ 
 tion. 
 
548 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1806 
 
 You mention your sisters living in a comfortable house of their own. 
 We had heard that one of them was married. You surprized me when you 
 mentioned Col. Miller* and family being in your neighbourhood; remem¬ 
 ber me particularly to them, to Upham my old friend, Leonard & family. 
 Bliss, Chipman and to Mr. Odell, who was my first Latin Schoolmaster in 
 New Jersey so long ago as the year 1756. I met with him in London some 
 years past but he did not recognize me. Remember me to W. S. Oliver 
 and all that know me among you. * * * 
 
 What hath become of Pelham Winslow’s wife and children?! Nat. 
 Ray Thomas’s! family? Ruggles’ sons? Daniel Murray & John Murray? 
 John Watson & John Thomas? G. Leonard’s sons? 
 
 * * * You mention Miss Clark so particularly that it 
 
 brings to my mind her great attention to my venerable Father|| in Bir¬ 
 mingham. He was in his 79th year when he died in the year 1791, and 
 for more than three years before he died was a very great invalid, and 
 Miss Clark never once was in her bed with her clothes off during that time, 
 which discovers wonderful attention and resolution. She hath been with 
 me ever since as housekeeper; her eyes are very bad, she hath not been out 
 out of the house for 12 or 13 weeks but she is a little better at times. * * 
 
 I am now in my 65th year—at present at Shrewsbury, but wish to get 
 nearer London. 
 
 I have only one child left, a son who is a Surgeon in the West Norfolk 
 militia, and hath been during all the last war and the present. If I could 
 
 ♦Stephen Miller, of Masachusetts, was born May 1, 1727. He served in the 
 French war and had command of a regiment under Brigadier General Ruggles. 
 He was a justice of the peace for Suffolk County, which county he also repre¬ 
 sented for many years in the Massachuseets house of assembly. At the epoch 
 of the Revolution he was the first man to rise in the assembly to oppose the 
 movement. This led to the destruction of his political fortunes and the con¬ 
 fiscation of his property. He came to New Brunswick at the peace in 1783 and 
 settled at Fredericton, where for many years he was a much respected magis¬ 
 trate. He died in 1816 in his 90th year. His wife was sister of the elder Edward 
 Winslow, and their eldest daughter married Col. Harris W. Hailes. 
 
 fPelham Winslow’s wife was a sister of Capt. Gideon White. After the 
 death of her husband she was for a time at Shelburne with her brother. See 
 note under date May 30, 1778. 
 
 ^Nathaniel Ray Thomas, of Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard in 1751. 
 On account of his loyalty to the crown his property was confiscated and he re¬ 
 tired to Halifax with the royal army in 1776. At the peace in 1783 he came to 
 Nova Scotia and settled near Windsor. Benjamin Marston in his journal, under 
 date Dec. 9, 1784, writes at Windsor:—" I spent a very agreeable evening with N. 
 “ R. Thomas, Esq. Find him very well brought up after nine years tossing 
 “ about, much to his and his family’s satisfaction. They are in a comfortable 
 “ warm house.” N. R. Thomas died at Windsor August 12, 1823, aged 68 years. 
 He was custos rotulorum of Hants and collector at Windsor. 
 
 ||Peter Oliver, sr. See note under date 2nd December, 1788. 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 549 
 
 have seen you I should have had a thousand questions to ask & a thousand 
 things to relate which cannot be comprised in 50 letters, therefore must 
 wind up. &c. &c. 
 
 Y’r very good friend, 
 
 Peter Oliver.* 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bath, 3d March, 1806. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I am glad Mr. Uniacke has made representations that 
 may turn the attention of those concerned on this side the water to the 
 state of our trade. I have always thought that our open communication 
 with New York was an injury to us. If any inquiry should be made 
 respecting our Custom House, the necessity of a reform must appear, and 
 in that case I should hope your services would he remembered. A memo¬ 
 rial to the Lords of the Treasury supported by some such active spirit as 
 Lord Sheffield, is what occurs to me at present. A reference to me as 
 Governor might be made and I should be happy to have an opportunity of 
 doing justice to your merits. 
 
 A copy of Mr. Knox’s petition with the annexed papers have been 
 transmitted to me by direction from the Lords of the Committee of Coun¬ 
 cil, in answer to which I have sent a copy of the objections given in to 
 Lord Camden against the instructions of 1802,f with my decided opinion 
 in favour of the prayer of the Petition, which I now hope will be acceded 
 to; I don’t much apprehend that the business of our boundary will be 
 renewed, and if the attempt should be made I think they would fail. 
 
 Yours, &e., 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Lieut. Gov. Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bath, 25 March, 1806. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I am extremely sorry to find that you are still under 
 persecution, and that the period of your stay in this country draws so near 
 a conclusion as to leave little chance of my seeing you on this side of the 
 Atlantic. I suppose you have heard nothing more of our Province or its 
 concerns. 
 
 ♦Peter Oliver, jr., was the son of Chief Justice Oliver of Massachusetts. He 
 graduated at Harvard in 1761. He was a physician. Was proscribed and ban¬ 
 ished in 1778. He died at Shrewsbury, in England, in 1822, aged 81 years. 
 
 fThe instructions of 1802 were obnoxious because of the provision that 
 prior to the passing of any grant of land there should be paid to the receiver 
 general of his majesty’s quit rents, five shillings sterling for every acre, which 
 was to continue payable annually; in default of such payment the grant to 
 
550 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1806 
 
 You will no doubt call on Sir B. Watson previous to your departure. 
 We propose staying here till towards the end of the next month and avail¬ 
 ing ourselves of the first safe conveyance that offers after the first of June*.' 
 
 We had a letter from William last Sunday, dated 20 ult. off Madeira, 
 all well. I should think it likely that they would pursue the enemy to 
 India. 
 
 Most faithfully 
 
 Yours &e. 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 William Knox, Province Agent, to George Leonard. 
 
 Ealing, Middlesex, 8th May, 1806. 
 
 My dear Friend,—I had the great pleasure to announce officially yes¬ 
 terday in a letter to the Committeef under the President’s cover the total 
 revocation of the prohibitary Instructions also of Lord Hobart’s abominable 
 Instruction of 1784 respecting the Grants of Land. * * * 
 
 At my former hearing before the Committee, Mr. Barnard opposed 
 the revocation of Lord Hobart’s Instruction on the ground that the original 
 one would give Hew Brunswick an advantage over Nova Scotia, but I 
 silenced him by stating that Governor Parr has received similar Instruc¬ 
 tions, and that if from negligence or misconduct on the part of Nova 
 Scotia, alterations had been suffered to take place, there was no reason for 
 subjecting New Brunswick to the effects of their folly. Lord Selkirk had 
 been applying for a Grant of 300,000 acres in New Brunswick and to secure 
 his people from quitting him, he wanted to deprive the Governor and 
 Council of the power of making absolute Grants, and that their Grants 
 should be liable to be reconsidered here—or that all Grants should originate 
 here. When I understood this to be his Lordship’s intention I reprobated 
 the whole plan, and gave the Lords a history of the warrants that had been 
 issued here after the peace of 1763 for the sake of the fees. I also told 
 them of the fate of Trumbull’s project of bringing Greeks to East Florida, 
 and so effectually convinced them of the propriety of continuing the mode 
 prescribed by the original Instruction that Lord Archeland rose up and 
 said they had now heard enough upon the subject and dismissed us. 
 
 Lord Sheffield is continuing to oppose the bill for legalizing the Gov¬ 
 ernor’s licenses to the vessels of the United States, but he has found no 
 great support in the Lords, and I fancy not much in the Commons. I 
 always wished to avoid any discussion of the subject during the war as 
 
 *This seems to show that it was Governor Carleton’s intention to have 
 returned to New Brunswick this year. 
 
 fThe committee was appointed by the legislature of New Brunswick to cor¬ 
 respond with the province agent. 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 551 
 
 I was convinced the measure would be continued, and I would rather it 
 would continue illegally than have a legal sanction. We shall soon see 
 whether I was right or no. 
 
 Lord Sheffield’s picture* is finished and the expence of the frame and 
 packing is Frame 20, Packing 5 guineas. Shee says his price is 120 for 
 pictures of the size he has made this, and it certainly is an excellent Pic¬ 
 ture. It is now in the Exhibition. 
 
 I hope our good friend Col. Winslow is safe arrived and has recovered 
 his health by the sea voyage, for he is a most worthy man and a most 
 valuable member of your community. I beg my best respects to him and 
 congratulations upon our success. 
 
 I am dear Sir, with great truth, 
 
 Your sincere friend & faithful servant, 
 
 William Knox. 
 
 Picture 120, Frame 20, Packing 5; Total 145 guineas. 
 
 Return of Edward Winslow to New Brunswick. 
 
 NOTE.—Edward Winslow sailed on hoard the mast ship Duke of 
 Kent, John Edington, Master, from Portsmouth, about April 11th, 1806, 
 on his return to New Brunswick—Paid for passage £42. 
 
 Edward Winslow to S. S. Blowers. 
 
 Fredericton, 7th June, 1806. 
 
 Here I am my dear Blowers once more fast recovering from a tedious 
 and distressing fit of the Gout which attacked me in England during 
 the last winter and followed me home. My visit if not profitable was 
 certainly as pleasant as any man ever made. The nature of my business 
 and the peculiar circumstances which attended it increased my importance 
 and interested my friends, and the termination was as honorable as the 
 nature of the thing would admit. Sir Brook Watson gave me new and 
 unequivocal proofs of his kindness and propped and supported me thro’ 
 all the perplexities of official negotiations, and T. Coffin stuck by me like 
 a brother until my business was settled. I found also through the kind¬ 
 ness of Carre (an attorney of eminence who married Lechmere’s daughter) 
 a safe adviser and an indefatigable assistant (Mr. Erskine.) Unfortun¬ 
 ately for me he died suddenly last autumn. * * * Notwith¬ 
 
 standing I had the most ample testimonies to prove that I had transmitted 
 my accounts and vouchers to Head Quarters in due season, agreeable to 
 the General’s order, the Comptroller insisted that the Act of Parliament 
 compelled me as a public accountant to deliver them into the office for 
 
 *The portrait of Lord Sheffield by Shee may be seen in the rooms of the 
 house of assembly at Fredericton. See Lawrence’s Foot Prints at p. 36. 
 
552 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1806 
 
 auditing the public accounts, and that no plea or excuse whatever could he 
 offered in justification of the delinquency. * * * However 
 
 on the score of the suit or process they were disposed to recompense me 
 amply, and the sum recommended was three times as much as my expences 
 amounted to. Having obtained my Quietus with a special letter ack¬ 
 nowledging the accuracy, fairness and correctness of my accounts, and 
 honored by the King’s warrant to recompence me for the injury I had sus¬ 
 tained, I had nothing further to seek. It was of little consequence to me 
 whether the Barons, or law officers of N. B. had committed a mistake or not, 
 and recollecting that “Least said soonest mended,” I thought it best to 
 hold my tongue. From Sir fm. Pepperell, who used to speak of you with 
 great affection I rec’d every possible attention & civility. His daughters 
 are well married hut the loss of his wife and son has imprinted strong 
 marks of melancholy on his countenance which will never wear off. 
 
 Palmer, old Joe Eoyal, Franklin, &c, &c, &c, welcomed me to their 
 hospitable tables & a crowd of military acquaintances, among whom were 
 Hugh Gordon* & Addenbrookej. whisked me into a circle of jollity and 
 dissipation that ’twas impossible for me to get out of. Your wife and 
 Betsy Kent, if you read this to ’em, will both jump at the same idea, “He 
 did not try very hard”—no matter. I regret monstrously that I did not 
 come by the way of Halifax. Even in this obscurity, where everything hut 
 anecdotes freeze, I could always collect a few for my friends. Surely then 
 deep laden as I am with experience, piping warm from London, and ex¬ 
 ceedingly improved in my manners I could not avoid affording them great 
 entertainment. My good sister Pen listens, looks like Lemuel Gulliver’s 
 wife, when I describe some of the Yahoos that I met with in my travels, 
 and Aunt Sally reads the cards of invitation from His Grace of Northum¬ 
 berland and other great men (which I brought out on purpose for her) and 
 she concludes very properly that during my absence I have supported the 
 dignity of the family. I only wish that their united efforts had obtained 
 for me some situation where I might find support for the flock that here 
 surround me. 
 
 I have kicked up such a dust and brushed up their recollections so 
 effectually that I believe they will serve me if they can. J am loaded with 
 fair promises and emphatical declarations hut unluckily the appetites of 
 my family require Beef & Bread. The good Gordon wrote from London 
 previous to his departure for Ireland; he mentioned to me that he had a 
 
 ♦Major Hugh M. Gordon had been deputy muster master under Colonel 
 Winslow during the Revolutionary war. He afterwards rose to the rank of 
 major general in the army. 
 
 fCapt. Addenbrook was aide-de-camp to General Campbell at Halifax in 
 1784. He and Hugh Mackay Gordon were great friends of the Winslows, and 
 at the state funeral of the elder Edward Winslow both walked as mourners. 
 
S.806J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 553 
 
 patent of a tract of land* in the Province of Nova Scotia embracing a 
 harbour, and that it might he of some use to one of my sons. And he told 
 me that he would immediately write to you to request you as his Attorney 
 and friend to make a secure title to Edward Winslow, Jun’r. If this can 
 be done, and in your opinion the land is worth looking after, my son will 
 take such measures as may be necessary to avail himself of it. I will 
 therefore thank you to give me information on this subject. I can give 
 you no just idea of the kindness which I experienced from this good 
 hearted affectionate friend. In London he lived like a Prince, his house, 
 his carriage and his servants were completely at my command, and some 
 of the pleasantest hours which I spent in London were with him, and I was 
 particularly delighted to meet his sister Mrs. McKay who in disposition is 
 exactly like him. I brought out an engraving which is a perfect resem¬ 
 blance of him. I wish I could show it to the ladies. My fingers are 
 crippled with the gout and I can’t write much more. 
 
 I beg to offer my most brotherly regards to Mrs. Blowers and Betsy. 
 When you see my respectable friends William Taylor and Doctor Halibur- 
 ton, remember me kindly to them. Taylor has heard from Edward and 
 Kitty the particulars of our distressing voiage out. God knows I pitied 
 them all sincerely. 
 
 E. W. 
 
 George Leonard to the President of H. M. Council. 
 
 St. John, June 17th, 1806. 
 
 Sir,—In answer to the papers your Honor Handed me yesterday, in¬ 
 closed by Mr. Merry, His Majesty’s Minister at Philadelphia in the States 
 of America, to Lt. Governor Carleton or the Officer exercising the Gov¬ 
 ernment of the Province in his absence, I beg leave to observe that my 
 instructions from his Majesty direct me not to permit any commerce or 
 traffic of any nature or kind to be carried on between the subjects of His 
 Majesty and the citizens of the United States of America, who may come 
 within the limits of my district in contravention of the laws and regula¬ 
 tions which have been established, or to allow to any of the citizens of the 
 said United States who may from time to time be employed in the Fish¬ 
 eries the enjoyment of any privilege or advantages upon the coast of the 
 said district which are not particularly specified in the Treaty. The lim¬ 
 its of my district are pointed out in my commission and instructions, by 
 which I am appointed "Superintendent of the Trade and Fisheries on the 
 
 ♦Further reference to this tract of land will be found in the letter of Major 
 Gordon to Edward Winslow of Nov. 4, 1806. 
 
554 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [180ft 
 
 “ Coasts of the Proyinces and Islands in North America from Gaspee in 
 “the Gnlph of the River St. Lawrence unto and including the Bay of 
 “ Fundy, Chignecto and Minas, the coasts of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
 “ wick, the Islands of St. John and Cape Breton and the Madelaine 
 “ Islands.” 
 
 By the Treaty of Peace with America and the Laws of this Province, 
 which have never been disallowed by His Majesty, I conceive that Moose*, 
 Dudley and Frederic Islands are within the limits of New Brunswick, and 
 I have continued to claim them accordingly in my official capacity ever 
 since the year 1786, and the waters surrounding those Islands also are 
 waters belonging to Great Britain for the purpose of navigation and lawful 
 trade. I have therefore always conceived it my duty to prevent any 
 illicit traffic between the subjects of His Majesty and those of the United 
 States in those waters knowing nothing of the convention mentioned by 
 Mr. Madison the American Secretary of State, and feeling myself hound 
 to disregard what is called a tacit agreement between a subordinate officer 
 in His Majesty’s Customs for New Brunswick, and an Officer of the 
 Customs for the States of America, which they could have no legal author¬ 
 ity to make. My whole proceedings on the coasts of these Colonies, and 
 particularly in the Bay of Fundy, together with the trial of the sloop Fal¬ 
 mouth, with my letter, which is so much explained [sic] of, have been 
 laid before His Majesty’s Secretary of State and I now await for such fur¬ 
 ther instructions as it may he thought necessary to give. In the mean¬ 
 time I cannot think myself justified in assenting to any traffic between the 
 subjects of His Majesty and the subjects of the United States of America 
 in these waters; but there will be no hindrance by me nor those acting 
 under me to the American subjects navigating their vessels through those 
 waters and anchoring round those Islands. 
 
 I will, however, obey any orders your Honor may please to give as ex¬ 
 ercising the Government in the absence of His Excellency Governor Carle- 
 ton, with leave to transmit the same to His Majesty’s Secretary of State for 
 my justification. 
 
 I have the honor to be your Honor’s most obedient & humble Servant, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Major General Martin Hunter to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, July 1st, 1806. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your letter of the 16th ult. I only received a few days ago. 
 How delighted your family and friends would be to see you after being so 
 
 *Moose Island is the island on which the town of Eastport stands. Moose, 
 Dudley and Frederick islands were eventually declared to belong to the United 
 States, the other islands in Passamaquoddy bay to Great Britain. 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 555 
 
 long absent. We were in great hopes yon wonld have returned before we 
 left Fredericton. The dissipation and luxury of London must have sur¬ 
 prised you very much. It is a wonderful country. I enjoy London for 
 a month (April) but not longer. What a change it will be for the Miss 
 Oarletons ever to return to their native country after having enjoyed all 
 the gayetys of England. I fancy they would now give the preference to 
 the banks of the Thames rather than the St. John. * * * We haVe 
 
 not any news of consequence by the Packet. Admiral Berkly and Family 
 are looked for every hour. 
 
 Mrs. Hunter unites with me in best wishes to you and family. I re¬ 
 main 
 
 With great esteem, 
 
 Yours Truly, 
 
 Martin Hunter. 
 
 General Coffin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Dorchester,* July 14, 1806. 
 
 My Dear Winslow,—I should have given you a few lines by the Gov¬ 
 ernor [probably E. Winslow’s son Wentworth] but he slipt off in my ab¬ 
 sence. He is a lad of an active mind and I think a good fellow. I hope 
 he will return safe and gratified with his visit. 
 
 You have experienced exactly what befell me with “our great men” 
 as you term them. They have been cheated in their expectations in the 
 Quit Rents. But you and every othef person who presumes to interfere 
 will be followed up—that however you nor I don’t care much for. * * * 
 
 When I returned it was with a determination to endeavor to reconcile 
 all the difficulties of the country and to jog on quietly if possible. There 
 is however so many things that bears so very hard, I have made up my 
 mind to be off, and I think it won’t be a great while before our great men 
 will be left alone. 
 
 With regard to the Indians I have already written to Lewis Wayf all 
 my mind could suggest, and I have been open and candid. In short I have 
 given them to understand if they had a desire to effect what was necessary 
 to be done towards the Indians, they must make up their minds to pay the 
 individuals who were employed—without that they would never get on. 
 As to the number of Indians in this and the neighboring province, you 
 may as well attempt to number the Spruce trees. * * * 
 
 *Dorchester seems to have been the name of General Coffin’s residence, so 
 called in honor of his old commander, Sir Guy Carleton, now Lord Dorchester. 
 
 fLewis' Way was an active member, probably secretary, of the board of 
 governors of the New England Company in the old country. 
 
556 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 |18G*S 
 
 My wife and Cary are in Town, Remember me kindly to the Sproules, 
 Mrs. Winslow & family, and Lntwyches, when you write. God bless you 
 my D’r Ned. 
 
 Ever yours, 
 
 John Coffin. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 29 July, 1806. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—A thousand thanks for your letter and the com¬ 
 munication it contains. The whole business is just as I supposed, and I 
 am fully aware of the chagrin my appointment to the Council has excited. 
 I have seen the President several times but he has not opened his lips to 
 me on the subject. * * * I am just now so much hurried in prepar¬ 
 
 ing for the Kings County circuit, for which I set off tomorrow morning, 
 that I cannot write to you a thousand things I have to say. To be brief 
 then, you will see in this days Paper—Anti-scelertus and Censor No.l. My 
 conscience would not let me rest till so much appeared, but nothing more 
 is to be expected from the same quarter at present. I think here is an 
 Augean stable to be cleaned and I have opened the latter signature for you 
 or any other particular friend, who is in the secret, to furnish me with a 
 number occasionally upon any subject to which you may think the public 
 attention ought to be called, either for information or reformation, 1 think 
 it may be made a useful vehicle. 
 
 If you will contribute to this salutary design and send your specula¬ 
 tions to me, profound secrecy will be observed, and you shall not be known 
 except by the “cloven foot,” which I suspect will always betray you in 
 whatever you write however you may attempt to disguise it. 
 
 By moderate and dispassionate discussion I think the public sentiment 
 upon many points may be corrected; as our lot is cast here, at least while it 
 so remains, it behoves us all to make the community as respectable as we 
 can. * * * 
 
 Yours most faithfully and affectionately, 
 
 W. 0. 
 
 Colonel George Williamson* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Royal Military Aslum, Chelsea, August 4th, 1806. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—It gives me great pleasure to hear that you have ar¬ 
 rived safe at Fredericton, but I was before informed of your arrival at 
 
 ♦Colonel George Williamson was in Nova Scotia in 1784 acting as brigade 
 major to General Fox. He was then and subsequently an intimate friend of 
 Col. Winslow. 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 567 
 
 Halifax by our friend Lutwidge, whom I met by accident at the Commis- 
 ary Gen’ls. 
 
 Your son Wentworth was gazetted a week or ten days ago an Ensign 
 in the Nova Scotia Reg’t. I wish it had been in the Hew Brunswick corps, 
 but I conclude it was intended civil and we must not refuse what is offered. 
 1 make no doubt if the war continues you will be able to effect an Exchange 
 for him into the H. B. Reg’t, as General Hunter is on the spot. 
 
 Inclosed is Col. Gordon’s official letter to Gen’l Brownrigg. I shall 
 refer you to the Papers for Politicks. Of course all here are in expectation 
 of the result of Lord Lauderdale’s mission to France. I write Hailes by 
 this opportunity. 
 
 Very truly yours. 
 
 Geo. Williamson. 
 
 George Leonard to Anthony Merry, His Majesty’s Minister at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 St. John, Hew Brunswick, Aug’t 20, 1806. 
 
 Sir,—It is with great satisfaction that I acknowledge the honor of re¬ 
 ceiving your letter of the 22nd July. I may now contemplate a hope of a 
 speedy enquiry into the evils which have for a long ti m e existed in this 
 quarter of His Majesty’s Territory, by the possession of Moose, Dudley, and 
 Frederick Islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy by American subjects. 
 
 From 50 to upwards of 100 American vessels at times, within ten days 
 past, have been receiving cargoes from British vessels in the waters in that 
 Bay, being the waters considered to be within the Boundary of Mis Ma¬ 
 jesty’s colonies by the Treaty of Peace with America in 1783. * * * 
 
 These Islands are the asylum of deserters from the British navy and 
 army, criminals and absconding debtors from Hova Scotia and Hew Bruns¬ 
 wick. 
 
 You may ask why the British vessels discharge their cargoes into the 
 American vessels and do not go on to the places of consumption in the 
 States of America. I beg leave to refer you for information to the pamph¬ 
 let I enclose you, page 25—the argument of Mr. Chipman, the Solicitor 
 General, on the trial of the sloop Falmouth. He was employed as the 
 British Agent in settling the boundary line between this Province and the 
 United States of America. He is in possession of all the documents re¬ 
 specting that boundary, and will I have no doubt, with much satisfaction 
 furnish you with any information in his power which you may require on 
 the subject and at all times you will please to command me. 
 
 I enclose copies of two charts, one of which gives the situation of the 
 Islands upon a large scale—the other gives the mouth of the River St. 
 
558 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1800 
 
 Croix at Joe’s Point (as decided by the Commissioners to whom the ques¬ 
 tion was referred under the 5th article of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce 
 and Navigation) and the two passages from thence into the Bay of Fundy. 
 
 These charts will elucidate the argument above referred to. 
 
 I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s most obedient and with 
 great respect, your very humble servant, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Kingsclear, New Brunswick, August 28th, 1806. 
 
 In our late and frequent communications during my residence in 
 England, I experienced from you such marks of disinterested friendship 
 and such a brotherly anxiety and concern for my welfare, as could not fail 
 to make a durable impression upon my mind and to fill it with sentiments, 
 my dear Lutwyche, which induce me at this time to deposit with you a re¬ 
 capitulation of such events as have hitherto marked my progress in life, in 
 the hope that by a judicious detail of them to those friends which Provid¬ 
 ence seems to have raised up to assist me, you may facilitate their efforts in 
 my favour when ever an opportunity offers. A man who stands trembling 
 on the brink of poverty surrounded by a flock of children may, in his efforts 
 to save them, be indulged in a string of egotisms which on almost any 
 other occasion would appear offensive. I will pass by the active part which 
 I took as a gentleman and a magistrate at the commencement of the Am¬ 
 erican Revolution, and the flattering prospects of future comfort which I 
 voluntarily sacrificed. Nor will it be necessary for me to do more than 
 mention the decided and unequivocal step which I afterwards took at the 
 Battle of Lexington, or observe that from that time to the end of the war 
 I was (without a single days furlo’) constantly employed in military ser¬ 
 vices, for which I received many flattering compliments and proofs of ap¬ 
 probation. These are old stories. Nor would I have touched upon them 
 (even slightly) for any other purpose than to evince that I have preserved 
 a consistency of conduct thro’ all the vicissitudes of war & peace—circum¬ 
 stances more recent claim a greater degree of attention. 
 
 When the treaty of peace took place (in 1783), I was importuned by 
 some experienced friends to proceed immediately to England and to apply 
 for some position, and the governments of the Island of St. John and the 
 Island of Cape Breton were mentioned as objects, and I have reason to 
 suppose that, assisted by a numerous train of friends and favored by the 
 eclat which attends long and faithful services, I must at that time have 
 succeeded. But at that critical moment a duty was pointed out to me by 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEltS. 
 
 659 
 
 Lord Dorchester and Sir Brook Watson (who were my friends and bene¬ 
 factors) which appeared to me to be in the highest degree interesting and 
 important, and I undertook it with enthusiastic alacrity. 
 
 The body of provincial troops, with whom I had served during the 
 war, were to be disbanded, and a great number of unfortunate refugees 
 (whose zeal in the King’s service had precluded all chance of reconciliation 
 with their countrymen) were, with their miserable families, reduced to a 
 state of despair from the apprehension of being left without support and 
 without protection. To provide an asylum for this forlorn multitude was 
 the service allotted to me, and I instantly embarked for this wilderness as 
 their agent. I personally explored the country (now New Brunswick) I 
 negotiated for the possession of it with the Governor of Nova Scotia, (a 
 man of the most jealous, difficult, and impracticable temper that I ever 
 met with).* In the autumn of that year and the Spring following the 
 Land on the River St. John was surveyed, divided and sub-divided under 
 my direction, and upwards of 14,000 of those desponding people were 
 placed on lots which they could call their own, and even the bounties of 
 government, which were benevolently ordered to save their lives, were dis¬ 
 tributed under arrangements made by myself, and I boldly assert that for 
 all these arduous, affecting, and perplexing services, to which great respon¬ 
 sibility was attached, I never received one single farthing of fee or reward, 
 not even an allowance for my actual expenses. The venerable Lord Dor¬ 
 chester and Sir Brook Watson can vouch for the truth of this fact. Be¬ 
 fore I had completely finished my agency, I was solicited by General Fox 
 to assist him, in the capacity of military secretary, in settling the intricate 
 and complicated accounts of the district of Nova Scotia. During this ser¬ 
 vice I attended him to the River St. John, where in his presence I closed 
 the accounts and disbanded such of the provincial corps as (till then) had 
 continued to receive subsistence. 
 
 A view of the country and a due consideration of local & other circum¬ 
 stances confirmed General Fox in the opinion of the necessity of forming 
 a separate province on this side of the Bay of Fundy, and he suggested to 
 me that he would accept the government of the province if I would engage 
 to act as secretary. To this proposal I instantly consented. The general 
 soon after proceeded to England, and I remained with his successor (Gen¬ 
 eral Campbell), until the whole business which I originally undertook was 
 fully accomplish’d; I then resigned the appointment. The explicit acknowl- 
 
 *The reference here is to Governor Parr. His correspondence with the home 
 government in some measure serves to corroborate Col. Winslow’s assertions. 
 For example, when Sir Guy Carleton was sent out to Canada as governor gen¬ 
 eral of British North America in 1786, Colonel Parr expressed much annoyance 
 at being reduced to the rank of lieutenant governor, and asked to be appointed 
 a major general “to restore his consequence.” See Canadian Archives for 1894, 
 p. 442. 
 
560 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1806 
 
 edgements and thanks of these Officers (which you have seen) were my 
 principal reward—the pay of 10 shillings a day being hardly an adequate 
 support in such an expensive garrison as Halifax. The representations 
 which I continued to make to that discerning and respectable man [Glen. 
 Fox] contributed to effect the important object at which we aimed, and I 
 received repeated assurances that the original arrangement would take 
 place; but General Fox not inclining to take the office of Governor on the 
 terms proposed, General Carleton was appointed and the office of secretary 
 was given to Mr. Odell, a clergyman who was then in England, and every 
 other office of salary or emolument was bestowed upon men who were per¬ 
 sonally teasing the king’s ministers with their solicitations. From Halifax 
 after performing the melancholy duty of burying my veritable Father) I 
 proceeded with my own numerous family—my Mother, my sisters, and a 
 train of other relations and dependants to this country, in full assurance 
 that I should be provided for. Thus circumstanced it was impossible for 
 me to quit ’em—but I was in some degree soothed under my disappoint¬ 
 ments by the attentions of the Governor—and by a letter from Sir Brook 
 Watson to the following effect. “The government of New Brunswick is 
 “ only a stepping stone for General Carleton to the gover’ment of Canada, 
 “ and Mr. Odell certainly goes with him, in which case it is understood by 
 “ all parties that you are to succeed to the secretary-ship.” 
 
 Satisfied with this assurance, I ventured to take possession of a tract 
 of land, part of which I purchased, and with the assistance of my friends 
 (for I had no money left of my own) I built me a house to shelter my 
 family, and with an overheated zeal and very little experience, I com¬ 
 menced farmer upon a pretty large scale. I also took my seat in the Coun¬ 
 cil, and being thoroughly acquainted with the country and its inhabitants, 
 a considerable portion of the labour of distributing lands, etc, fell on my 
 shoulders; and when a court of Common Pleas & Sessions was afterward 
 established I accepted the office of President in the County of York, where 
 most of the inhabitants were officers and soldiers of the disbanded regi¬ 
 ments, and (of course) not very easily managed. To the Governor, Coun¬ 
 cil, and country at large I can confidently refer as to the character which 
 these courts have acquired, and the good order and exemplary conduct of 
 the inhabitants. Of this I do not by any means assume the whole merit— 
 my Brother magistrates are entitled to a full share. As a Councillor no 
 emolument whatever arises, nor is there a guinea a year of fees accruing 
 from the office of the Presidentship of the Courts—on the contrary con¬ 
 siderable expenses are necessarily incurred in both situations. I have how¬ 
 ever continued to execute the duties of these stations from the commence¬ 
 ment of the settlement to the present moment. Governor Carleton’s ac¬ 
 knowledgements of my services are particularly strong and pointed in the 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 561 
 
 certificate I left with you, nor have I any reason to complain of his conduct 
 towards me. The only office that has ever been in his gift was that of 
 Surrogate General of the province, which he bestowed upon me (worth 
 £20. per annum), and during his military command I acted as his Secre¬ 
 tary. 
 
 I ought to have mentioned that in 1796 I was called upon to act as 
 Secretary to the Commissioners for settling the boundary line between 
 Great Britain and the United States of America which I readily under¬ 
 took, and I reflect with pleasure that this duty was executed to the satis¬ 
 faction of the American Commissioner & Agent, as well as to the British, 
 and I assert that by my own personal exertions during the sessions of the 
 Board I shortened the duration of that Commission for one year at least, 
 which was a saving to the government of upwards of £4,000, a fact well 
 known to all the parties concerned. My allowance for this duty was £500 
 per annum while it lasted, out of which I paid my own expenses in the 
 United States. Of course I returned to New Brunswick not much richer 
 than when I left it. Ever since that time my embarrassments have been 
 increasing, and on General Carleton’s being superceded in the military 
 command I was again reduced to my pittance of half pay. * * * 
 
 Discouraged by a succession of mortifications, my spirits failed me, 
 nor could I have mustered sufficient resolution to undertake a voyage to 
 England, had not a ridiculous prosecution instituted here compell’d me to 
 attempt it. 
 
 The satisfactory termination of my public business, and the coun¬ 
 tenance and favor shown me by a number of the most respectable charac¬ 
 ters in England, added to the hospitality and kindness of many of my old 
 acquaintances, revived and almost regenerated me. Of the notice taken 
 of me by His Grace the Duke of Northumberland I reflect with particular 
 pride and pleasure. Under his penetrating eye I first commenced my 
 military operations,* and his approbation of my conduct was always con¬ 
 sidered as the highest honor ever conferred on me. To his Grace I always 
 supposed myself indebted for the temporary appointment of Collector of 
 the Customs at Boston. Under his Patronage I was appointed Secretary 
 to a Board of general Officers of which he was President, and his honor¬ 
 able testimonies in my favor procured for me the appointment of muster- 
 master-general, in which Department I served till the end of the War, and 
 now receive half pay. * * * 
 
 *Lord Percy led the English at Lexington, and on their return from the ex¬ 
 pedition, when in danger of being cut off, Edward Winslow became their guide 
 and led them in safety from their difficult position across the country to 
 Bunker’s Hill. See letter of Sir John Wentworth of Aug. 9, 1815. Lord Percy 
 became Duke of Northumberland and was able to essentially serve the inter¬ 
 ests of Col. Winslow, as will presently appear in these pages. 
 
562 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [180© 
 
 When I arrived in England and considered his exalted rank and the 
 long time which had elapsed since I had the honor of seeing him—the idea 
 of approaching him was prodnctive of some embarrassment, from which I 
 was instantly relieved by condescension and kindness on his part that never 
 can be forgotten. 
 
 There is another nobleman whose conduct towards me excited senti¬ 
 ments which are difficult to express. To Lord Sheffield I was a stran¬ 
 ger. * * * 
 
 But when the benevolence of his heart led him to make a tender of 
 his services as a Friend, the Searcher of Hearts is my witness that I was 
 completely overcome by his unexpected goodness, and (in the then state 
 of my mind and health) I am sure that the facts which I related respecting 
 my own affairs must have been incoherent. It is the recollection of this 
 circumstance (in an hour of quiet retirement) that has caused me to extend 
 this letter to such an unusual and almost unwarrantable length, in order 
 that you may have it in your power to explain any matters to his Lordship 
 which my agitation might have rendered unintelligible. 
 
 * * * At present there are no vacancies in this province, but in 
 
 the common course of nature such things must happen and whether it be 
 the secretaryship (which was so solemnly pledged to me) the Collectorship 
 of Customs, or a seat on the Bench of the Supreme Court, I consider my¬ 
 self competent to the duty. * * * 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lord Sheffield. 
 
 Fredericton, Few Brunswick, 28th Aug., 1806. 
 
 My Lord,—The imperious calls of my family, and severe indisposition 
 of body, compelled me to leave England abruptly and it was a matter of 
 great regret that I had not once more the opportunity of repeating my ac¬ 
 knowledgments to your Lordship for the many instances of your goodness 
 which I experienced during my stay there. It was also my wish again to 
 have expressed my sense of the great obligations which this country is 
 under for that assistance your Lordship has extended towards it. The 
 sober and sensible part of the community know how to appreciate your 
 Lordship’s exertions. The intelligence of the bounties on fish and the 
 arrangements for convoys was received here with every mark of gratitude 
 and satisfaction. These favors were considered as an earnest of that jus¬ 
 tice which we have always been taught to look for from our political 
 parent. By your Lordship’s public declarations justice has been done to 
 the character of the country and its inhabitants and they have revived 
 those principles of Loyalty which were beginning to droop. 
 
 * * * I brought out with me one of your Lordships books for Mr 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS, 
 
 563 
 
 Botsford and one for Mr Leonard and a third (unbound) for myself. To 
 gratify the public at large I have caused it to be published by chapters 
 (commencing with the 7th) and I have taken the liberty of introducing 
 the first number by an extract from Mr Alley’s pamphlet. The Editor of 
 the Fredericton Telegraph (a new paper) is now reaping the benefit of the 
 publication by an increased demand and extended circulation of his paper. 
 
 An event has taken place here lately which has caused some alarm, 
 the particulars will be communicated by Mr Leonard. In one of the docu¬ 
 ments it appears that a secret convention took place in London in 1803 in 
 which the then minister engaged to Mr Ambassador King that our gov¬ 
 ernment would relinquish the islands at the entrance of Passamaquoddy 
 bay to the Americans. The circumstances relative to this business are at 
 present so inexplicable that I dare not venture to comment upon 
 them. * * * 
 
 I will not intrude further upon your Lordship’s time only to declare 
 that I have a just sense of the honor which has been conferred upon me 
 by the friendship of your Lordship and that I am 
 
 Your Lordship’s most faithful & obed’t serv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 s Fredericton, New Brunswick, Aug 28, 1806. 
 
 My Lord Duke,—Soon after I had the honor of receiving your letter 
 from Alnwick Castle I was seized with a most violent fit of the gout which 
 at once deprived me of the use of my hands and feet and in that situation 
 I remained at Kensington during the last winter. Early in the Spring I 
 made an extraordinary effort and was put on board a ship which brought 
 me to this country where I have recovered my health and am now able to 
 walk and ride. In this retirement, my Lord Duke, I have reflected with 
 peculiar pride on the condescension and kindness of your grace which I 
 experienced in England. * * * The reception I met with at North¬ 
 
 umberland House riveted my gratitude so effectually that time itself can 
 never efface or weaken it and it has been the source of extreme concern 
 that the unfortunate state of my health precluded all chance <of my again 
 -seeing your Grace before I left that country. * * * 
 
 I hope I shall not intrude too far by requesting that vour Grace will 
 hear (when an opportunity may offer) from Lord Sheffield a few interest¬ 
 ing circumstances relative to the disappointments which I have experi¬ 
 enced and the fatal consequences which will probably result from them. 
 That nobleman—to whom I was unknown until I was lately in England, 
 has allowed me to place his name among the number of my friends, and he 
 
564 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1806! 
 
 has offered his services to solicit in my behalf some employment by which 
 I can save myself and family from the distress which awaits them. It is 
 possible that his Lordship may find it necessary to apply for some testi¬ 
 monials of my conduct relative to that period in which I had the honor of 
 being known to your Grace. Perhaps what Lord Sheffield may communi¬ 
 cate may induce your Grace once more to extend your protection to me,, 
 especially when your Grace is informed that my misfortunes have arisen 
 principally from a reluctance to solicit favors as long as I could exist with¬ 
 out them * * * &c, &c. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 George Leonard to the President of H. M. Council. 
 
 St. John, New Brunswick, Sept. 27th, 1806. 
 
 Sir,—I beg to state that the promulgation of your order and Mr. 
 Gallatin, the American Secretary of the Treasury’s letter to the Custom 
 House officer at Passamaquoddy, has occasioned a great increase of Am¬ 
 erican shipping far exceeding any former period in that Bay, to take off 
 the produce of these Colonies out of the British Vessels, lying in the waters 
 which are considered within this Province, and from the shores within the 
 same, where no interruption is now given in consequence of that order. 
 
 That as we acceed to the demands of the Americans they increase their 
 aggressions. They have the boldness to come within the Harbours and 
 on the shores five leagues to the eastward of Moose, Dudley and Frederic!?; 
 Islands, which have been wrested from His Majesty’s Territory, and have 
 disturbed the faithful and peaceable subjects and inhabitants of Harbour 
 Le Tang and the shores bordering, and disputed the rights of Fishery with 
 them by cutting their nets, erecting huts and smoke houses on the shores, 
 in defiance of all order and the terms of the Treaty of peace between Great 
 Britain and America. 
 
 Authentic testimony of their proceedings and acts are ready to be 
 offered to your Honor, and for further information I herewith subjoin an 
 extract from Mr. Gallatine’s letter to the American Custom House officer 
 above alluded to, to-wit;— 
 
 “In consequence of your letter relating to the seizure of the Sloop 
 “ Falmouth, &c, which has been laid before the President, the subject has 
 “been discussed by the Secretary of State and the Ambassador of Great 
 “ Britain—the latter has wrote to the Lieut. Governor of New Brunswick 
 “ recommending that the mode hitherto adopted with the consent of the 
 “ two countries for loading vessels and the use of the waters in the Bay 
 “ of Passamaquoddy may be continued. I presume therefore the American 
 “Vessels will experience no further interruption.” 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 565 
 
 Mr. G alia tine appears to have been mistaken, from Mr. Merry’s letter 
 to yonr Honor, of which I was favored with the perusal—as I conceive the 
 letter only recapitulated a conversation of Mr. Madison’s, without Mr. 
 Merry’s giving an opinion, or a recommendation on a subject he must at 
 that time have been unacquainted with, as also appears since by his letter 
 to me, which I beg leave to lay before you. 
 
 Hot having been informed from the Secretary of Slate’s office in 
 England, nor from Lieut. Gov. Carleton before his depaiture for Europe, 
 of any mode being adopted with the consent of the two countries such as 
 Mr. Gallatine speaks of, I presume he means a tacit agreement lately 
 entered into between a subordinate officer of the Customs of this Province 
 and the Custom House officer at Passamaquoddy for their mutual con¬ 
 venience, which I can conceive can have no legal authority, and by which 
 the American subjects derive nineteen twentieths of the carrying trade 
 from that Bay, of plaister of Paris*, Lumber, and fish to the ports of 
 consumption in the States of America and to other markets, being the 
 actual labor and produce of His Majesty’s subjects and Colonies. 
 
 Under the peculiar circumstances in which I am placed by my instruc¬ 
 tions from His Majesty’s Ministers, I am “on no account to permit any 
 “ commerce or traffick of any nature or kind to be carried on between the 
 “ subjects of His Majesty and the citizens of the United States who may 
 “ come within the limits of my District in contradiction to the laws and 
 “ regulations which have been established; or to allow to any of the citizens 
 “ of the said United States, who may from time to time be employed in 
 “ the Fisheries, the enjoyment of any privileges or advantages upon the 
 “ coast of the said district during the exercise thereof, which are not par¬ 
 ticularly specified in the said Treaty.” 
 
 I feel myself compelled to make this representation to your Honor, 
 as exercising the Government of the Province within which such manifest 
 evils exist in order that such measures may be adopted, with advice of His 
 Majesty’s Council or by your Honor, as will prevent them; or that I may 
 be left at liberty in my official capacity to remove the evils so justly com¬ 
 plained of by His Majesty’s subjects, and that I might be furnished with 
 the means to prevent an infringement of the 3rd Article of the said Treaty 
 of Peace by a lawless rabble collected in the Harbours and on the shores 
 within His Majesty’s Territories to the great annoyance of His subjects 
 and the great injury of the Fisheries and the carrying Trade which belongs 
 to the Inhabitants of these colonies, and also the injury done to the fair 
 British Merchant by the introduction of contraband articles into the pro¬ 
 vinces. 
 
 ♦The plaster of Paris obtained at Windsor was transferred to American 
 vessels at Passamaquoddy, the transfer taking place in the waters surrounding 
 Moose Island and Campobello. 
 
566 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1806 
 
 The Union cutter, being now absent from this coast on a service of a 
 similar nature on the Eastern part of Nova Scotia, I have therefore no 
 means to put my Instructions into effect, unless aided by your Honor, when 
 I will without delay proceed to Harbour Le Tang on that coast with such 
 assistance as may he thought proper. 
 
 I have the honor to be, with great respect, 
 
 Your obedient Humble Servant, 
 
 - Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Kingsclear, SeptT 28, 1806. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I have this morning rec’d a letter from the Commander 
 in Chief’s office in England, acquainting me of the appointment of my son 
 J. F. Wentworth Winslow an Ensign in the 1ST. Scotia Fencihles, and I 
 consider myself under great obligations for it; but the fact really is that 
 my application was for an Ensigncy in the Hew Brunswick Fencihles, and 
 my reason for declining a commission in an established reg’t when offered 
 to me was that I might have my son under my own eye for a little time 
 longer. He is now pursuing a line of education which may be of great 
 importance to him in future & which if he goes immediately to Newfound¬ 
 land must be compleatly interrupted and deranged. I am therefore par¬ 
 ticularly anxious to obtain leave of absence for him for six months, but 
 I know not who to apply to for this purpose, whether to Gen’l Skerrit, 
 Gen’l Hunter or the officer commanding the reg’t. In this dilemma permit 
 me Sir to ask your advice what step I shall take to effect this object—or, 
 if it is not too great a trespass upon your goodness, allow me to solicit your 
 interest to obtain leave for him. I’m extremely anxious for the fate of 
 this Boy; he is only 15 years old, lively and inexperienced. To turn him 
 loose without a friend or a patron in the corps would be extremely hazard¬ 
 ous and unfortunately I have no particular acquaintance with any of the 
 Gentlemen of the Corps. I have some little knowledge of Major Thesiger, 
 enough at any rate to excite a high esteem for him but not sufficient to 
 justify me for taking the liberty of introducing my son to him. I presume 
 he must embark. I shall feel extremely impatient until I am favored with 
 a line from Your Excellency advising me what to do on this interesting 
 occasion. 
 
 You will excuse me Sir John for continuing to look up to you upon 
 emergencies. I’ve been in the habit of it ever since I knew you and fear 
 I shall never leave it off as long as we live. 
 
 Allow me to offer my best regards to Lady Wentworth, and to assure 
 you that I am 
 
 Your devoted & grateful servant, 
 
 Sir John Wentworth, Bart. Ed. Winslow. 
 
1806] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 567 
 
 Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Kingsclear, Oct’r 12th, 1806. 
 
 My dear friend,—I wrote you so voluminously by Capt. Rudyard that 
 it is not necessary for me to say much on the present occasion. A vacancy 
 has happened on the bench of the Supreme Court by the death of Isaac 
 Allen,* Esq’r. You know my sentiments fully on the subject of this office, 
 it is therefore unnecessary for me to add a syllable further than to say that 
 I was regularly educated for the profession of the law, and that when the 
 revolution commenced I was Clerk of the Courts of common pleas and 
 sessions, and Registrar of Probate for the County of Plymouth; that my 
 pursuits were interrupted by the war, and that after having served in a 
 military department thro’ the whole war I returned, at the close, to my 
 former studies and pursuits, and in 1785 I was appointed first Justice of 
 the peace for the County of York and have ever since continued to execute 
 the duties of that office to the acceptance of the Country and the Governor. 
 If a memorial is necessary these are facts which ought to be stated to take 
 off the objection of my not being a professional man; an objection which 
 has never been considered of much weight in the appointment of puisne 
 Judges in the Colonies—Mr. Deschamp, Mr. Monk and others are instances 
 in point in Nova Scotia; and indeed the Chief Justice of our province is 
 another instance, having originally been bred a merchant. The salary 
 annexed to the office of Puisne Judge here is only £300, which certainly 
 is an inadequate support for a gentleman with a family, and a very small 
 recompence for the arduous duties which must be performed in a country 
 where communications are difficult and the circuits extensive. Should I 
 succeed to the appointment I cherish the hope that, on a proper repre¬ 
 sentation from my friends, I may be indulged in receiving the salary with¬ 
 out relinquishing my half-pay. I have never asked or received any com¬ 
 pensation for the loss of my former civil appointments in America, nor 
 have I received any other assistance from government except my half-pay. 
 
 The duties of a Councillor and President of the Courts have been 
 executed ever since the Province was established without one farthing of 
 pay or emolument. Perhaps these considerations may induce my noble 
 friend and benefactorf to make an effort to effect this object. Should the 
 interposition of the Duke of Northumberland be necessary on this inter¬ 
 esting occasion, I trust he will discern the justice of my claim and afford 
 me his assistance on a proper application being made to him. * * 
 
 Governor Carleton’s inactive disposition and constitutional coldness 
 prevent me from expecting any great exertions from him, but you have 
 his certificate. 
 
 *See biographical note under date June 1, 1783. 
 fLord Sheffield. 
 
568 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1806 
 
 I am called by the relations of Col. Allen to assist in making some 
 arrangements for his funeral. I therefore mnst put an end to my letter 
 with only this addition that Judge Upham has gone to England to solicit 
 an addition to his salary or the continuance of half pay. Should he suc¬ 
 ceed it would afford a precedent. My principal dependence is on your kind 
 exertions. 
 
 You will sign my memorial. Whether I succeed or not I remain 
 faithfully and gratefully, Yours, 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to James FTazer of Miramichi. 
 
 Kingsclear, 12th October, 1806. 
 
 My dear Sir,— * * * I have a son Edward who has 
 
 been employed in Mr. Miller’s store* for seven years past and is now of age. 
 A good education in early life & great ambition & industry have enabled 
 him to acquire a competent knowledge of accounts, and to write with ease 
 and correctness, and he is free from any vicious propensities, prudent & 
 persevering. In Mr. Miller’s extensive lumber concerns he has for several 
 years past been his principal manager and agent, and I have the pleasure 
 to find (after an absence of two years in England) that my son is highly 
 esteemed in society here. Having obtained commisions in the Army for 
 my other sons, I am particularly desirous to find some employment for 
 this son in the province, where I shall probably spend the remainder of 
 my days, and it appears to me that the River Miramichi at present affords 
 a fairer field for enterprize and industry than any other part of N. B. and 
 it offers peculiar inducements to me, because you and your House are 
 extensively concerned there. A long acquaintance with you has fixed 
 impressions of esteem and I should be highly gratified if in my son’s first 
 efforts to enter into the world he could secure your patronage and protec¬ 
 tion. I hope to hear from you on the subject before you leave the province, 
 as (if this project is impracticable) we shall aim at some other. 
 
 My late tour to England, altho’ undertaken with some reluctance, has 
 been attended with may pleasant circumstances. The honorable termina¬ 
 tion of my public business, and the flattering attention which I received 
 there, have given a new spring to my health & fresh vigour to my exertions. 
 During my residence in England I was not idle and I flatter myself that I 
 have been instrumental in communicating information relative to the state 
 of this country & in relieving it from the oppression of Quit-rents & 
 nonsensical restrictions with respect to land matters. * * * I 
 
 enclose for your amusement a few paragraphs of a letter from our snarling 
 
 *Edward W. Miller was cousin and son-in-law of Col. Winslow, having mar¬ 
 ried one of his daughters. 
 
1806J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 569 
 
 ■old Agent Knox. He adds that there is a degree of impudence in Uniacke’s 
 proposals which evinces very plainly that he was horn in Ireland. 
 
 We have no domestic news except the death of Judge Allen. It took 
 place this morning. 
 
 I am with very sincere regard &c, &c, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 P. S.—Since writing the above my son came up from town and sug¬ 
 gests that an interview with you would be more satisfactory to him than 
 to attempt to negotiate in writing, and I have consented to his setting off 
 to-morrow morning for Miramichi. I however will not suppress my letter 
 as it will serve to introduce him and his business. 
 
 Colonel H. M. Gordon to Colonel Edward Winslow. 
 
 Eoyal Hospital, 4 Nov., 1806. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I have had great pleasure in hearing of your safe 
 arrival in New Brunswick, but you behaved very shabby in not letting me 
 know of your departure from England that I might have made my promise 
 good by sending the necessary conveyance deed to Mr. Blowers by you. 
 I have however written this day and desired him to send me the necessary 
 form to put you in possession of my Lands in Nova Scotia,* and you may 
 rest assured it will add to my happiness if they prove useful to you or 
 yours. 
 
 My countenance was never that of Adonis but, as we are all open to 
 a little flattery, it is a pleasing reflection for me to think that your sisters 
 recollect me. As to your kind expressions I do not feel hayself entitled to 
 half the merit you are disposed to give me, for it would be rather extra¬ 
 ordinary that you should not reap the full benefit of anything that either 
 my ability or situation could afford you. 
 
 I am sure you will feel much concern at the death of our old friend 
 General Campbell. He lingered two months, and after experiencing 
 excruciating pain died on the 28th August of a complaint in his Bladder. 
 He left his son John (by the sandy headed girl at Halifax) £5,000 and he 
 is a Lieutenant in the 57th Reg’t. 
 
 Since I parted with you I have constantly resided at Kilmainham as 
 Military Secretary to the Commander of the Forces; it is an office of con¬ 
 fidence and a good deal of labour. My General, Lord Harrington, is a 
 pleasant man which makes my situation as agreeable as an office of the 
 like nature can be, and the Lord Lieutenant and his pretty Duchess have 
 been uncommonly attentive and civil to me. 
 
 ♦See under date 7th June, 1806; also letter of Col. Winslow to his son Ed¬ 
 ward of Oct. 25, 1809. 
 
570 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [180© 
 
 I am not a politician, and therefore shall not offer an opinion upon 
 the state of public affairs, being confident that the Ignorant are the hap¬ 
 piest part of the people. » - 
 
 I know not your neighbors, hut after remembering me to Mrs. Winslow 
 and family my best regards to your sisters, say every thing that is civil to 
 those of my acquaintance near you and don’t forget Sproule and his wife 
 when you meet them. 
 
 Adieu and believe me ever, my dear Winslow, 
 
 , Yours, 
 
 - H. M. Gordon. 
 
 Lieut. Gov. Carleton to Lord Sheffield. 
 
 Eamsgate, 29 Nov. 1806. 
 
 My Lord,—I am favor’d with your Lordships Letter of 25th & do 
 most sincerely lament that the applications made to procure the Collector- 
 ship for Col. Winslow have failed of success. Possessed as he is of talents 
 so peculiarly suited to that office he must have made a most useful servant 
 to the public, but in the present instance, my Lord, the case is widely 
 different. The Col. is not a professional man & talents I apprehend would 
 not atone for the want of Law knowledge; besides that in a Province where 
 there are several respectable Gentlemen of the Bar, such an appointment 
 could not fail to give general dissatisfaction. 
 
 I have the honor to be, &c, &c, 
 
 Thosl Carleton. 
 
 Lord Sheffield to Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 2d December, 1806. 
 
 My Lord,—I flatter myself your Grace will excuse the liberty I take 
 of addressing you on the subject of a very respectable man for whom I 
 understand you have expressed a regard; I mean Col. Winslow of New 
 Brunswick. It might not have been necessary to trouble your Grace on 
 the subject if the present ministers had not shewn on more than one 
 occasion how little disposed they are to attend to me; but it will hardly be 
 the same in respect to your Grace. I have therefore enclosed in another 
 cover the copy of a Letter which communicates the object of Mr. Winslow. 
 
 Before he left England, early last spring, he mentioned to me his 
 situation. I have reason to be satisfied that his large family has reduced 
 him to great distress & that if he does not attain some situation of emolu¬ 
 ment after his long and many services, he will be obliged to sell the little 
 property he has & quit the Province. * * * 
 
 I have the honor, &c, &c. 
 
 Sheffield. 
 
1806 j 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 571 
 
 Lieut. Gov. Carleton to Lord Sheffield. 
 
 5th December, 1806. 
 
 My Lord,—I am honor’d with your Lordship’s Letter & its enclosure. 
 The circumstances stated in the case of Col. Winslow were not unknown 
 to me & I am aware that many persons had seats on the Benches of the 
 Supreme Courts both in Nova Scotia & Canada who had not been regularly 
 bred to the profession, hut the credit of these Courts suffered in conse¬ 
 quence of such appointments. In the present instance there happens to 
 be a Gentleman at the Bar, possessed of superior Talents, who has been 
 Solicitor General since the first formation of the Court & who it would be 
 an act of injustice to pass over. 
 
 I have the honor, &c, &e, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Duke of Northumberland to Lord Sheffield. 
 
 Alnwick Castle, 11th Dec’r, 1806. 
 
 My Lord,—A slight attack of the Gout in my right hand, prevents me 
 from being able to do more than sign my name to this Letter acknowledg¬ 
 ing your Lordships of the 2d of this month. 
 
 Nobody my Lord has to my knowledge a greater claim upon Govern¬ 
 ment for the Loyalty he shewed during the whole contest in America than 
 Mr. Winslow, & nothing would give me greater pleasure than being instru¬ 
 mental in procuring for him a situation to which his public services as well 
 as private abilities give him a fair pretenson. I am sorry however to say, 
 my Lord, that unconnected as I am with any party at present, my influence 
 with his Majesty’s ministers is but small & if they will not pay a proper 
 attention to your Lordship’s recommendation of Mr. Winslow I have but 
 little hope that any application of mine in his behalf will prove successful. 
 Mr. W.’s claims & merits, however, are so strong that I will make the 
 attempt, & truly happy shall I think myself if any endeavours to serve Mr. 
 W. shall procure for him a situation which he is desirous of having. To 
 his Loyalty and zeal I was a witness while I continued in America. 
 
 I have the honor to be with highest respect & esteem 
 &e, &c, 
 
 N orthumberland. 
 
 P. S. I have taken the liberty to retain the Chief Justices certificate 
 & the copy of Mr. W.’s letter, as they appear to me to be documents which 
 will help to explain to Lord Grenville Mr. Winslow’s wishes & pretensions. 
 
572 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 Thomas Costin to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Hamomashoe, Jan’y 3rd, 1807. 
 
 Honourable Colonel and most respectable Friend,—This is to inform 
 you that I have established a free School at this place, according to an 
 Act of Assembly of the Province. Sixty pounds encouragement is given 
 to each Parish, hut as the Papists and Prodistants and the Curate of the 
 Parish differs in mind, this is to request of you a particular favour, and 
 perhaps it may be the last, hoping that my request shall be Granted. It 
 is to favour me with a Letter of recommendation under your hand to the 
 Honourable the President Thomas Dunn.* How Dear and respectable 
 friend as soon as you will grant that favour I shall set off for Quebec to 
 present the same with a petition signed by a Majority of the Parish. 
 
 Mrs. Costin joins with all the Family in sending their sincere Love 
 to yours & Mrs. Winslow’s. 
 
 The mis-understanding of the Priest is that he expected to have the 
 Land and Building at his own will and pleasure, hut being rather knowing 
 the Land proves to be Granted to me and to all other School masters after 
 my Decease. But what vexes most the good Priest, or black Gown, is 
 that a certain Building of thirty five feet long has been transported by his 
 own consent on the said Land, which I do enjoy and possess at the present. 
 
 I have nothing more to inform the Colonel, but I hope to have it in 
 my power by the Spring to write'a phrase or two concerning the good 
 Priest. 
 
 I conclude with the greatest respect &c, &c, 
 
 Thos. Costin. 
 
 P. S. Excuse my writing, I have detained Michaud a few minutes to 
 write this Letter. 
 
 Charles J. Peters to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saint John, 4th January, 1807. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I have put into Golding’s slay a couple of codfish 
 directed to you being the only fruit produced in our fruitful City. Mrs. 
 Peters desires me to guard Pen against the hones, which are apt to stick 
 into the throats of giddy young girls, and if a little point of a chicken bone 
 closed the mortal career of a hugh great American General, what may not 
 be dreaded from the back bone of a codfish by a delicate young damsel. 
 This is my wife’s lingo, not mine. 
 
 We have no late news, and I almost dread the arrival of any more. 
 
 *Hon. Thomas Dunn was at this time president of the council and admin¬ 
 istrator of government at Quebec. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 573 
 
 My wife’s and my own best wishes for a happy new year to yourself 
 and all the ladies. 
 
 Your friend, Most sincerely 
 
 Charles J. Peters. 
 
 Col. E. G. Lutwyche to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [January 5, 1807.] 
 
 [First part of letter missing.] * * * It appears from 
 
 the face of the papers that you are indebted to Lord Sheffield only, but 
 I shrewdly suspect the Duke’s influence has effected the business—not that 
 this lessens the merit of Lord Sheffield in the least. Lord Sheffield wrote 
 to Sir J. Shee and having no answer he wrote to the Duke [of Northum¬ 
 berland] . After more than 20 days Mr. Windham answers Lord Sheffield’s 
 letter and grants his request. The time which elapsed gave the Duke an 
 opportunity of writing to Lord Grenville—the Duke was not to be refused 
 and then Mr. Windham tho’t proper to give a favorable answer to Lord 
 Sheffield. 
 
 My opinion is that Lord Grenville has told the Duke his request is 
 complied with & Mr. Windham claims the merit of obliging Lord Sheffield. 
 This, if I am right is a pretty piece of court finesse by which they oblige 
 two noblemen and lay you under obligations to both—but tho’ it should 
 happen that the Duke’s interest prevailed yet it does not lessen Lord Shef¬ 
 field’s merit who was the “primum mobile.” 
 
 The mast ship will bring your commissions. Adieu, I am tired. God 
 bless you. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 [P. S.] Catharine writes you. 
 
 Mrs. Weltden to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [January 5, 1807.] 
 
 My dear friend,—I heartily congratulate you and your interesting 
 family on your appointment. There is a tide in some men’s affairs most 
 certainly. The very day I heard of your success Mr. Torin asked me if 
 you had succeeded in procuring a cadetship ? I said, no; then tell him, 
 said Mr. Torin, there is one waits his acceptance. Judge from what you 
 yourself feel, my dear Sir, how much I, your young friend, was delighted 
 at being permitted to be an instrument of comfort to your heart. This 
 is so much better a provision for Mr. Edward, than it appears to us you 
 can make for him in New Brunswick, that I have no doubt of its meeting 
 your wishes. The establishment of one son in India may be a source of 
 great advantage to your family. My dear Weltden will I trust come home 
 
574 
 
 WINSLOW TAKERS. 
 
 |" 1807 
 
 in July & if so he will probably go out again in January or February and 
 the arrangement we used to talk over can take place. He will be happy 
 to take charge of him out and will manage everything for his outfit to 
 make it come as easy to you as possible. Tell Miss Winslow I am almost 
 ashamed to address her after so long a silence, hut when we forward your 
 commissions, relying on her indulgence, I believe I shall take courage. 
 
 Will you have the goodness to send me a couple of plants of the 
 white blowing Shrub I think you called it Moose Shrub from its blooming 
 in winter. Your son need not leave you till the autumn at soonest, before 
 which you shall hear more from us & we shall of course have letters from 
 you. God bless you and yours prays 
 Your very affect’e, 
 
 C. Weltden. 
 
 Elkanah Morton* to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Digby, Janu’y, 27, 1807. 
 
 Honb’e Colo’l Winslow. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Tho’ I am among the last who have the pleasure of con¬ 
 gratulating you on your safe return to your family and friends, I beg you 
 will not consider me less sincere: much necessary absence, and a perpetual 
 hurry, when at home, have caused the neglect. It was at Shelburne, with 
 your Friend Judge White, I heard of your arrival — and that the attempts 
 to injure you had proved particularly advantageous, which certainly af¬ 
 forded us the highest satisfaction — hope your Voyage has proved as 
 salutary as prosperous, that you, Mrs. Winslow and your dear Lambs may 
 long enjoy the blessing of health with every other comfort which this life 
 can afford, and finally obtain a gentle dismission into the regions of unin¬ 
 terrupted felicity. 
 
 I am sorry to say that long and very deep-rooted prejudices have sub¬ 
 sisted in this Town, between the Irish and poor Yankees, tho’ we have 
 some few Yankees who make excellent Irishmen,—being only a blue-nose 
 myself, did not think it prejudice that made me consider the Yankees least 
 in fault. However having never been a party-man I feel no inclination 
 to become a dupe to either — therefore struck out a middle course. And 
 thro’ the favor of Heaven & good friends, have succeeded beyond by own 
 expectations. His Excellency has pleased to send me a Commission of 
 the Peace with one as Surveyor of Ships &c.— unsolicited was the appoint¬ 
 ment of Coll, of H. M. Customs given me, previous to which I had solicited 
 & obtained the Register Office, also the Collection of Provincial duties, in 
 
 *See biographical note under date 20th May, 1793. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 575 
 
 all which I desire to do my duty fairly & handsomely & to be thankful. 
 With kind remembrances to Mrs. W. & family, I am with all due respect 
 & esteem. 
 
 Dear Sir your most faithful & ob’t serv’t, 
 
 E. Morton. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 1-2 past 5 o’clock Wednesday Mor’g, February, 1807. 
 
 My dear Friend,— I find it impossible to get to you without its being 
 before you are up in the morning or after you are in bed in the evening. 
 I will however try tomorrow. 
 
 Our sentiments have always been in unison from children and I pre¬ 
 sume they always will, and that you will enjoy with me and our friends 
 Odell, Saunders, Chipman, Coffin, &c., &c., the late proceedings in the 
 two branches of the Legislative Assembly, for the real public good which 
 must flow direct from them. A whole change of system has been suddenly 
 brought about by events fortunate and unexpected. How much its to be 
 regretted that your health did not permit you to continue with us. In¬ 
 stead of that overbearing dictatorial manner of delivering opinions and 
 forcing them down, there is the humble spaniel at your feet where in future 
 it ought to be kept. Chipman has been a host in this campaign and has 
 been well supported. * * * 
 
 God bless you, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Lieut. Governor Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Bath, 2d March, 1807. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I deferred answering your letter of 10th Oct’r until 
 1 could have it in my power to say something satisfactory respecting poor 
 Beardsley*, and I am now happy in being able to say that all difficulties 
 in the way of his receiving his half-pay are removed. This has been 
 effected entirely by the active benevolence of Sir Brock Watson. I had 
 only to vouch facts and make a short statement of his case to the Secretary 
 of War. 
 
 I am Dear Coll, very faithfully yours, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 Mrs. Weltden to Penelope Winslow. 
 
 Kensington, March 14th, [1807]. 
 
 My dear Miss Winslow,—I sincerely hope that long ere the date of 
 
 *See biographical note under “Notes on New Brunswick History by Ed. 
 Winslow,” 1804. 
 
576 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 this our much valued friend, my adopted papa*, is made happy by the re¬ 
 ceipt of his commission. Nothing was wanting to complete our satisfaction 
 on the occasion but the pleasure of congratulating him in person. I trust 
 he has received a letter from me written on a part of my father’s, & that 
 he is pleased at the opening for one of your Brothers in India. Tell him 
 Torin gave me the cadetship with such a handsome compliment to my 
 friend as made it doubly acceptable. 
 
 I have enclosed in the Box of things for your father a few articles 
 that I thought might be useful to you. I have been making a fashionable 
 handkerchief & inclose you the cotton to complete it. I have a little 
 exceeded Col. Winslow’s commission in one of the Gowns for Mrs. Winslow, 
 if he thinks it too gay tell him I thought the Judge’s Lady ought to have 
 something a little out of the common way. 
 
 I hope the Books will entertain you. I will add to them occasionally 
 as opportunity occurs. Your father has I trust raised such an interest 
 for us all in his family that you will not be satisfied without my particu¬ 
 larizing. 
 
 My father, thank God, has quite recovered his health, & his spirits 
 are as good as I can expect them yet to be. I am quite well, though in 
 anxious expectation of the long looked for Letters from my husband. 
 
 And now my dear Miss Winslow I will bid you adieu. Tell Col. 
 Winslow he must always fill every scrap of paper of his Letters for I grum¬ 
 ble when there is the least vacancy and he knows how I can scold. He 
 has my most affectionate respect & esteem, & all his family my warmest 
 wishes for every possible good. 
 
 Believe me my dear Miss Winslow, 
 
 Your affec’te friend. 
 
 C. Weltden. 
 
 Sally begs to offer her Duty to Col. Winslow. 
 
 George Leonard to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 28th March, 1807. 
 
 My dear Friend,—The second day after I got home from Fredericton 
 I left the City for the Yalet where I have been until yesterday so that I 
 have but this moment had your note put into my hands. I will give you 
 what I have written to Lord Sheffield (and sent immediately after) for you 
 to confirm and add to as you may think proper. 
 
 New Brunswick, March 5th, 1807. 
 
 “My Lord,—The Legislative Assembly for this province closed their 
 session yesterday. I take the first moment to inform your Lordship that 
 
 *The reference is of course a a playful one to Edward Winslow, 
 f Sussex Vale. 
 
1807 } 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 577 
 
 I laid before the House of Assembly your Lordship’s letter which I was 
 honored with, and which was listened to with much applause by the whole 
 House — the Galleries, being at the time full of people from different parts 
 of the country joined in the acknowledgement and thanks for the services 
 rendered the colonies by your Lordship; £150 was immediately voted to 
 cover all expenses for your Lordship’s picture to the colony, and a place in 
 the Province Hall assigned for its being hung. 
 
 The House of Assembly voted also an address to his Majesty on the 
 subject of the Islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy (now in possession of 
 the American subjects) the loss of the carrying and illicit Trade, &c., &c. 
 This important paper which I am anxious for your Lordship to see, as a 
 corroboration of the facts stated in your Lordship’s book on the navigation 
 system, also confirms my statements to the ministers for years past. The 
 President of the Council, who is administrator of the Government, was re¬ 
 quested by the two branches of the Legislature to transmit the same 
 without loss of time to his Majesty’s Secretary of State, before if possible 
 the Islands were ceded to the American States — as great fears are enter¬ 
 tained on account of a letter from Mr. Madison the American Secretary of 
 State to Mr. Merry, a copy of which I sent your Lordship. 
 
 The address will be sent by the first conveyance as also a copy to the 
 Agent Mr. Knox. It is too large a paper to trouble your Lordship with 
 the postage of. Mr. Knox will be desired to wait on you with it. He is 
 continued Agent with his usual salary £100 until the plan of your Lordship 
 can be carried into effect. All desire it, but the difficulty is to unite in 
 the person. Sir John Wentworth the Lieut. Governor of Nova Scotia is 
 much attached to Mr. Barnard, the agent for that Province, and it is not 
 probable that this Province or Canada will agree in him. 
 
 Your Lordship’s application for a larger vessel for the public service 
 under the direction of the Superintendent of Trade has succeeded. A 
 letter has lately been received from Lord Spencer authorizing the Lieut. 
 Governor of Nova Scotia in conjunction with the Superintendent to pur¬ 
 chase, fit, and man a suitable vessel for the purpose; the command is given 
 to my son who had the former vessel. 
 
 It is a great mortification to Colonel Winslow that he was not able 
 to attend the Council during the whole of the last session on account of 
 being confined to the house with the Gout. I left him on the road to 
 recovery. He frequently expresses much gratitude for your kindness and 
 attention. He is certainly deserving the notice of Government, as his 
 usefulness may be of great service in these colonies from his active mind 
 and extensive knowledge, if we are permitted to keep them [the colonies] 
 from the common enemy of mankind [Bonaparte] who from late intelli¬ 
 gence is over running the continent of Europe. 
 
 I have the honor, &c., &e., 
 
 G. L. 
 
 Thus I have given you a rough sketch from a rough copy. * * * 
 
 The prospects on the continent are favorable — the Devil take the 
 American Treaty, it however will not be ratified. It was altogether com¬ 
 mercial and no part boundary. Thank God our address will be in season 
 and the Chief will lose his Hat and Feather. 
 
578 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS, 
 
 [1807 
 
 I am desired by Sir John Wentworth to fix on the spot for the Light 
 House on Briar Island, and to contract for the Stone for the building. On 
 that business I shall set off there in a few days. 
 
 Yours affectionately. 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 4 April, 1807. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—* * * We should all be mortified in the ex¬ 
 treme if the fishery law, which we have been battling for so many years and 
 at last with success, should finally miscarry by the arts made use of to 
 procure the Boyal disallowance of it. In the inclosed News-paper you will 
 see a copy of the Vote of the Common Council. The Committee has ap¬ 
 plied to the Attorney General* and he, I understand, has undertaken to 
 draw up their petition and remonstrance against the law. Altho’ I cannot 
 believe that it will be attended to, I think we must resort to every expedient 
 and make every exertion to prevent its success. It is not improbable that 
 in consequence of the daubing resolutions of the Common Council re¬ 
 specting Lord Sheffield, his little picture! &c, some attempt may be made 
 to interest him in their favor. This must be guarded against and I know 
 not who can do it but yourself. To enable you to make a fair represent¬ 
 ation to him I have sketched some leading facts in the inclosed Paper, 
 these you may dress in your own way and add to them whatever you please. 
 I have sent a copy of them to Odell for him to adopt what he can or dare 
 do, as remarks to accompany the copy of the Law to the Secretary of State. 
 You must also write to Knox on the subject and let him well understand 
 that the whole originates in the most damnable and malicious persecution 
 that was ever witnessed in a civil society. Lutwyche, if he knows how 
 much Mr. Hazen is interested, will interfere in whatever he can be useful 
 I am sure. But I need not suggest anything more to interest you on this 
 occasion. 
 
 Yours, &c., &c., W. C. 
 
 [The Act referred to in this letter was entitled “An Act to Ascertain 
 the Bights of Fishery.” It was passed by the Legislature March 5, 1807, 
 but was afterward disallowed by His Majesty in Council.] 
 
 Edward Winslow to the Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 Fredericton, New Brunswick, 10th April, 1807. 
 
 My Lord Duke,—It is not many hours since your Grace’s letter of 7th 
 Feb’y was put into my hands. Had it contained intelligence of a new 
 * Jonathan Bliss. 
 
 tSee note under date Oct. 2nd, 1805; also Lawrence’s “Foot Prints,” pp. 35, 36. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 579 
 
 1807J 
 
 disappointment, I should have met it like a Christian. A series of mis¬ 
 fortunes have brought my mind into habits of submission, and an un¬ 
 conquerable spirit of cheerfulness will never allow me to despond. 
 
 * * * The business that of late called me to England terminated 
 
 in a manner highly honorable to myself, and his Majesty was graciously 
 pleased to order me a warrant for £150 as a compensation for my trouble 
 and expence. Had I left England at the time I intended this sum would 
 have been satisfactory, hut on the eve of my departure (which was but a 
 little while after my visit to Sion-House) I was arrested by the most violent 
 and spiteful fit of the Gout I ever experienced. By this means I was de¬ 
 tained till the middle of April & the helpless state to which I was reduced 
 greatly increased my expences. Upon my return, after two years’ absence, 
 I found my embarrassments greatly increased. [Letter proceeds to state 
 that Col. Winslow had decided to give up his property to his creditors, 
 when he received the Duke’s letter notifying him that he was to be ap¬ 
 pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court. The emotions excited in his 
 breast by this happy event are described in the words that follow.] 
 
 Judge, my Lord Duke, with what alacrity I summoned my flock of 
 children about me—children educated by myself, inheriting a laudable 
 pride and great sensibility—and explained to them the nature of your 
 Grace’s action on my behalf. The appointment which your Grace has pro¬ 
 cured for me will enable me with rigid economy to extricate myself from 
 my present difficulties. * * * 
 
 The plain language of gratitude which flows warm from the heart of 
 a tender parent and an honest man will I trust be acceptable to your Grace 
 and induce you to receive with complacency the cordial thanks of myself 
 and my family. 
 
 I am now anxiously looking for the arrival of the March mail to re¬ 
 ceive the communication which your Grace refers to. * * * 
 
 Permit me now to declare myself, My Lord Duke, 
 
 Your Grace’s most grateful & obed’t serv’t. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Colonel Lutwyche to Edward Winslow. 
 
 [Endorsed, “1st. May 1807. Rec’d. at Halifax.”] 
 
 * * * Before this reaches you I suppose you will be arrayed in 
 
 your judicial costume. It would gratify me to see you seated by the C. 
 Justice. The Commission went by the last packet from the S. of State’s 
 office. 
 
 Colo. ITpham has recovered wonderfully, and will return in better 
 health than he has known these twenty years. The augmentation of the 
 Judges Salaries engrosses all his attention and I, who am not naturally 
 
580 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 sanguine, think he will succeed. Mr. Percival the new Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer is interested in the business and has promised to give him a 
 meeting with Lord Castlereagh; the results of this conference will most 
 probably determine the fate of his application. I have written to Lord 
 Sheffield and sent him a copy of all papers. His Lordship is willing to 
 come forward, hut I wished Upham to try his strength first. In a few days 
 he comes to town and then we will see what is necessary to he done. If 
 the prayer of his petition is granted, and I really think it will, this increase 
 of your income will I hope relieve you from every embarrassment by en¬ 
 abling you to set apart a certain portion, agreeably to your wish—and 
 gratify that independence of spirit which you possess, without which you 
 can never be quite happy. 
 
 * * * The Governor is at Bath drinking large draughts of Lethe 
 
 to obliviate the cares attendant on Government, and the affront offered 
 him in appointing a Judge without consulting him, and really I do think 
 he has some reason to be displeased. * * * 
 
 &c. &c. E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Edward Winslow to E. W. Miller. 
 
 [St. John], 1st June, 1807. 
 
 My dear Miller,—I rec’d your letter by Pine this morning. * * * 
 
 The two-mast ships are loaded & will sail for Halifax on Saturday. I 
 should have taken passage in one of ’em, but they are ordered to go no fur¬ 
 ther than Sambro Head and make their signal for the convoy, and to wait 
 a certain number of hours and if the convoy does not then join they are 
 to take their departure alone. A voiage to England would not suit me at 
 this time and I did not incline to run the risque. 
 
 I have taken a passage for “Went” in a fine schooner bound to Wind¬ 
 sor, which sails on Wednesday. Letters rec’d by the last mail render it 
 unnecessary for me to accompany him. 
 
 Press Lincoln to finish the business of the barn and afford him all the 
 assistance you can. 
 
 My love to Mary and give the precious little ones a kiss extraordinary 
 for 
 
 Yours most affect’ly 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Major George Thesiger. 
 
 Halifax, June 18th, 1807. 
 
 Sir,—The very kind interference of Sir John and Lady Wentworth 
 & my other friends almost precludes the necessity of my addressing you on 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 581 
 
 a subject highly interesting to myself. My son, the bearer, has through 
 the impatient exertions of my friends in England been appointed an En¬ 
 sign in the regiment under your command rather earlier than I originally 
 intended. 
 
 The leave of absence which General Skerrit has been pleased to extend 
 to him, and which expires on the 24th inst, has been improved in endeavors 
 to qualify himself for the service. He has been unremited in his attend¬ 
 ance upon the drill during the winter, and I trust (altho young & educated 
 in retirement) he will not appear awkward or in any other respect dis¬ 
 credit the regiment. But great vivacity & a total want of experience may 
 expose him to many impositions unless he is guided by the protecting 
 hand of some benevolent Guardian. My anxiety as a parent is soothed by 
 the consideration that he is to be under your command. 
 
 Allow me, my dear Sir, to declare myself 
 
 With great esteem, your most obed’t' &c, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Lieut. Col. William Allen. 
 
 Fredericton, N. B., 20th June, 1807. 
 
 My dear Allen,—A knowledge of the benevolence of your heart leads 
 me to address a line to you on a subject of some importance. Ross Currie* 
 of your regiment of Pennsylvania Loyalists came to this Country when I 
 did, and he married a young, amiable interesting woman, the daughter of 
 Doctor Clarke. Currie was unfortunately drowned in the St. John, leav¬ 
 ing two very fine boys, the eldest 17 years old—named for you (William). 
 William Currie is tall and handsome and uncommonly correct in his con¬ 
 duct. He expresses an ambition to obtain an Ensigncy in the army and 
 there are now four regiments raising in this country; the Nova Scotia, the 
 New Brunswick, the Canada, and the Newfoundland Pencibles. I pre¬ 
 sume it would not be difficult to obtain a commission in either of these 
 corps for an accomplished young man the son of a meritorious officer. 
 Allow me then to solicit your assistance in behalf of young Currie on this 
 occasion and that you will take the trouble to throw a line into the post 
 office to let me know the result. * * * 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 *Ross Currie was commissioned a lieutenant in the Pennsylvania Loyalists 
 Dec. 1, 1777, and was afterwards adjutant of the corps. He belonged to Phila¬ 
 delphia, which was also the home of Lieut. Col. William Allen, whose family 
 and that of Lt. Col. Isaac Allen of the New Jersey Volunteers were related. 
 Ross Currie settled at Fredericton about 1783 and became a leading lawyer there. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 T1807 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Chief Justice Ludlow. 
 
 Kingsclear, Wednesday July 22, 1807. 
 
 Sir,—From the communication made to me yesterday, I have reason 
 to apprehend that His Honor the President may he induced by your opin¬ 
 ion and advice to supercede me as Surrogate of this province and that the 
 supercedence will issue immediately. I therefore consider it a duty which 
 I owe to you Sir, as well as a duty I owe to myself, respectfully to call to 
 your recollection the following facts. 
 
 That on the first attempt to organize a civil government in this coun¬ 
 try, I was appointed by commission from Governor Carleton, hearing date 
 29th Nov’r, 1784, to he Surrogate of the Province of Hew Brunswick and 
 I have continued to act in that capacity ever since, and with confidence I 
 can appeal to yourself and the community at large whether the official 
 duties have not been performed with diligence and fidelity. * * * 
 To you it is also known that the most benevolent attention has been always 
 shewn on my part in cases where poverty has asserted its claim to a relin¬ 
 quishment of all fees. Nor could I inform you, Sir, of the unwearied and 
 persevering efforts I have made to establish some system for the regulation 
 of the Surrogate’s department which might apply to our situation. 
 
 [The letter goes on to speak of his recent appointment to the bench 
 as a mark of appreciation of the services rendered in early life and later, 
 and as a recognition of “the neglect and disappointment experienced in the 
 original distribution of the Offices of emolument in this province.” His 
 Majesty had been also pleased to consider the distress, hardship & expence 
 to which he had been exposed in consequence of an unnecessary prosecu¬ 
 tion instituted against him by the Attorney General.] 
 
 Under these circumstances and in the absence of the Governor I must 
 acknowledge Sir, I did not expect that the little pittance which I received 
 from an office, enjoyed in my own country almost as an hereditary right 
 before the revolution and in which I have had so much experience here, 
 would have been so suddenly seized upon. 
 
 [The letter goes on to shew that there were precedents in England for 
 Judges of the Supreme Court acting also as Judges of Probate, and Wins¬ 
 low argues there is nothing incompatible in the holding of both offices by 
 the same individual.] 
 
 I hope what I have written (under unpleasant impressions) will ffive 
 no offence, none is intended, but I should ill deserve the honorable testi¬ 
 monies which have been given to my character if I did not satisfy my 
 friends that on an occasion of some delicacy and importance I had made a 
 firm and decent effort to do myself .justice. In that view I trust this letter 
 will be considered, and for that purpose only it is respectfully submitted. 
 
 By your most humble servant, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 588 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Kingsclear, 25th July, 1807. 
 
 My dear Sir John,—The postmaster General* and myself had a pleas¬ 
 ant journey and voyage from Halifax to St. John, where I found the 
 King’s Mandamus appointing me a Judge of the Supreme Court here, and 
 a number of letters containing a history of the whole negotiation upon 
 this occasion. I regret that these letters had not come to hand before I 
 left New Brunswick, because I should have shewn ’em to you with peculiar 
 pride and pleasure. The conduct of the Duke of Northumberland evinced 
 not only the kindness of a friend, hut the decision of a patron, and he ex¬ 
 pressed his concern that a greater object had not offered. Lord Sheffield’s 
 activity was also conspicuous. Gov’r Carleton’s objections were (all cir¬ 
 cumstances considered) extraordinary. They were confined to my not 
 being what he called a “professional man.” They however had no effect 
 —indeed I fear they were treated rather contemptuously. Upon the 
 whole, should the income arising from this office amount by any means to 
 the salary of your Judges, I should prefer remaining here to any other 
 situation. Indeed I should prefer an income of four or five hundred a 
 year here to double the sum in any other place. 
 
 The Gentlemen of the Bar I am told are not very well pleased with 
 my appointment, but the congratulations of all other orders of men are 
 much more than a balance for their chagrine. 
 
 When I was in England I had some expectation of obtaining through 
 the interest of a very respectable gentleman, by the name of Torrin, a 
 cadet-ship in India for your namesake,! but the impatience of my military 
 friends obtained the commisssion in the Nova Scotia regiment, with which 
 I am perfectly satisfied, and I concluded that Mr. Torrin would think no 
 more of the matter; but the good man observing Wentworth’s name gazet¬ 
 ted for an Ensigncy, now sends, me notice that the cadet-ship waits the 
 acceptance of my other son Edward. This is the only son I have left, and 
 he inherits all the discretion of the family, and I am distressed at the idea 
 of parting with him. But as the offer is accompanied with a letter from 
 my very amiable friend Mrs. Weltden (Lutwyche’s daughter) whose hus¬ 
 band is captain of an India-man, kindly saying Captain Weltden will take 
 him out free of expence, I feel exceedingly embarrassed, especially as I 
 know nothing of the nature of this business. Will you my dear Sir John, 
 to whom on all occasions I look for advice, give me some information on 
 this subject. He is not obliged to go from here till October, and should 
 you think the object not a proper one for him to pursue I should be in¬ 
 clined to relinquish it. My son has been educated as a merchant, and is 
 
 *Hon. George Heriot. 
 
 fCol. Winslow’s son Wentworth. 
 
584 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1807 
 
 accomplished in book keeping &c. He is tall—and tho’ I say it—a hand¬ 
 some yonng man, and of a most accommodating disposition and perfectly 
 prudent. Bnt unless I send him to the United States (and I’d as soon 
 send him to the Devil) there appears to be no field for speculation in his 
 own profession. In the present situation of this province the whole trade 
 of it would not give bread to five men of ambition. 
 
 From my other son Tom, I have heard the most flattering accounts 
 by the last mail; he is high up among the lieutenants of the tenth and is 
 appointed to the Granidier Company, and in a letter to Col. Robinson, he 
 is spoken of as an officer of uncommon merit, and, as if the current of for¬ 
 tune had now set pretty strong the right way, I have also heard from my 
 elder son Murray, who has been particularly distinguished in some of the 
 late naval actions, and is I trust long before this on the quarter deck of the 
 Tiger, and under the special protection of my most valuable friend Ad¬ 
 miral Hallowell, from whom I have received assurance. * * * [Re¬ 
 mainder missing.] - 
 
 Instructions for a Journey from Fredericton to the 
 River St. Lawrence. 
 
 [Written by Edward Winslow About 1807, Probably for the Information 
 of George Heriot.] 
 
 The baggage in a Birch canoe should be fitted to it; that is each article 
 should have its proper place. The canteen should be between the two 
 forward bars, with the lock towards you, so that you can take a cut or a 
 drink without disturbing anything else. Your portmanteau, men’s pro¬ 
 visions;, etc, will go between the foremost bar and the bow. Your fusee 
 will lie at your left side; your umbrella on the right. If you don’t take a 
 mattrass your great coat just over the bar behind you makes a good seat, 
 and by drawing one end up you preserve your back from the hard bar. 
 When your arrangements are once made, directions should be given to the 
 Boatman and servant when you come to your ground in the evening, that 
 the baggage be so placed as that the articles may be returned to their pro¬ 
 per stations in the morning. If you have two canoes the baggage should 
 be kept separate. An attention to this circumstance prevents confusion 
 and delay and ’tis of considerable importance. It should be an object to 
 take possesssion of your ground 20 minutes at least before sunset. Even 
 if you carry a tent it will take that time at’ least to chuse your spot and fix 
 it for the night; a hut will require rather more time. As soon as you land, 
 light a fire and make as large a one as you can. It corrects the damp, 
 keeps off the flies and contributes much to your comfort. Take care that 
 your tent or hut is to the windward and that the spot is dry. If you have 
 no mattrass a good feather bed is easily made with the small branches of 
 the Evergreens. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 585 
 
 At this season I would recommend (notwithstanding there are some 
 high authorities against me) that you take breakfast before you embark. 
 When you have all your things on shore and your fire ready kindled you 
 will save time by getting that business over. Your next meal will me a 
 meredian cut, which you will get without landing, if you chuse. In the 
 river you will find many beaches and flats, where you may stretch your legs 
 which is a great relief. Should you be caught in violent rain or very se¬ 
 vere weather you’ll find a good shelter in almost any farmhouse on the 
 banks of the river, and the people are generally civil and clean and you’ll 
 always be able to get from them milk, butter and potatoes. 
 
 Between this* and the Great Falls you will have plain sailing, and you 
 will make the journeys long or short as the weather happens or as your 
 feelings or inclinations may dictate. As you would wish to see the Post 
 at Presque-Isle you may easily manage to get there the 3d night. The 5th 
 night you will probably be at the Grand Falls. In the morning you will 
 have time to view the Falls, the Post, &c, and proceed to the French settle¬ 
 ment at Madawaska. If you charter your canoes to go from here to Mada- 
 waska you will be able to hire others there, perhaps better ones. There 
 are two very respectable people among the inhabitants, Joseph Deagle and 
 Simon Aubeare, and I would recommend that you take your station at or 
 near their houses—they are not far apart. You should set off from Mada¬ 
 waska pretty early in the morning. There is a fall at the entrance of the 
 River Madawaska near the village, which will delay you a little while, and 
 it will be a good days work to get from Madawaska to the mouth of Timis- 
 quata Lake. 
 
 Before you leave Madawaska you will make arrangements for your re¬ 
 turn. You will stipulate with Deagle or Aubeare that they shall meet you 
 at Higginbotham’s! Landing, at a day to be agreed on, with one or two 
 canoes. There’s good ground to encamp at the entrance of the Timis- 
 quata Lake on a rocky point at the left hand. The distance across the 
 lake is 5 English leagues, a trade wind blows there. Should it be fair 
 when you arrive and the evening pleasant, I should recommend that you 
 proceed, if not, halt till the morning and take the day before you. There 
 is at times a very heavy sea in the Lake, and a head wind renders it dis¬ 
 agreeable navigation. In a calm they pole along the shore, but the in¬ 
 dents and bays are so deep as to increase the distance very materially. If 
 you get across the lake before night, you’ll be able to arrange your bag¬ 
 gage, which should be previously fitted with slings, haversack fashion, and 
 
 ♦That is Fredericton. 
 
 where he kept an inn or tavern for the accommodation of travellers. 
 
 t Higgonbotham was an old courier who had settled at Lake Temisquata, 
 
586 
 
 WIN SLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 if you have time to go eight or ten miles on the portage, you will have it 
 in your power to get out to the River de Cap* the next day, but to effect 
 this, you must he industrious. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 [Date about 1807.] 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 Pardon me. Sir John, for intruding upon you with so much domestic 
 matter, but to lighten the burden you may share it with Lady Wentworth 
 whose kind heart never fails to rejoice when anything good happens to 
 your friends. Permit me to tell her I appreciate as I ought the attention 
 she lately extended to her little Godson [Wentworth.] Her condescen¬ 
 sion and kindness may be the means of riveting impressions on that boy’s 
 mind which will never be obliterated. The letters which he wrote from 
 Halifax, and which have been shewn me since my return, contain affecting 
 proofs of his sensibility and gratitude towards Lady Wentworth & yourself, 
 & I am persuaded that the confidence which he acquired in his visit at 
 Halifax will have a wonderful effect on his future conduct and manners. 
 ****** 
 
 When Heriotf and I passed the Lodge, he was very much pleased with 
 the appearance of it, and while our horses were feeding at the Rockingham 
 he went back and took the sketch! which he afterwards touched off and gave 
 to me and I sent it to Lady Wentworth, supposing it would afford her 
 Ladyship a moment’s amusement. I hope she received it safe. I coaxed 
 the Postmaster [Heriot] to accompany me to Fredericton, and he was de¬ 
 lighted with the Country. He set off afterwards back again to St. John 
 to pursue his route thro’ America, but the noise of a rupture alarmed him 
 and he is now on his way to Canada through the woods. I fear the flies of 
 Hew Brunswick will interrupt his sketches on this tour. Personally I can¬ 
 not realize that the Americans can be serious in thinking of hostilities to 
 Great Britain. * * * * 
 
 *On the St. Lawrence. 
 
 fGeorge Heriot was post master general of Canada, and seems to have had 
 jurisdiction in postal matters in British North America. He was an excellent 
 scholar and also a clever artist. He published several books on British North 
 America, illustrated by engravings made from his own sketches. These books 
 are now scarce and command high prices. 
 
 JThe Prince’s Lodge was at this time the property of Sir John Wentworth, 
 and was his villa or country residence. It was here he spent his declininig years 
 after his retirement from the lieuteant governorship in 1808. The cottage built 
 here by Sir John Wentworth was in the first instance called “Friar Lawrence’s 
 Cell.” It was enlarged by the Duke of Kent and called “The Prince’s Lodge.” 
 Many interesting particulars of the lodge are to be found in Fenety’s Life and 
 Times of Hon. Joseph Howe, pp. 80-92. 
 
1807j 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 587 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Lord Sheffield. 
 
 Kingsclear, 20th August, 3 SO7. 
 
 My Lord,—It was not until the 20th June last that I received his 
 Majesty’s mandamus appointing me a Judge of the Supreme Court in this 
 Province. The official forms are now arranged and I have taken my seat, 
 but before I enter upon the execution of my office it is incumbent on me 
 to perform one solemn duty of another nature, which is to offer to your 
 Lordship the united acknowledgements of a numerous and grateful family. 
 A family saved from sinking into distress by your Lordship’s benevolent 
 interposition, for altho’ I am fully sensible of the condescension and good¬ 
 ness of my other noble patron and friend, it is impossible for me not to 
 discern the important effects of your Lordship’s active exertions in my be¬ 
 half. My worthy and faithful friend Lutwyche has communicated the 
 particulars of the negotiations carried on in my favour, and truly my Lord 
 the perusal of ’em have excited a degree of sensibility beyond what I have 
 ever before experienced. * * * 
 
 A decision has been communicated to me by the Chief Justice relative 
 to the office of Surrogate, which I have held ever since the Country was 
 settled without a single appeal from any of my decrees, or I may venture 
 to assert without any murmur at any of my official acts. This office (it is 
 now determined) is incompatible with a seat on the Bench, and the instant 
 the oaths were administered to me I was notify’d of the appointment of 
 another person. The office is worth now £50 or £60 per annum, & is the 
 only civic office of emolument I have ever held in the Country, and this 
 deduction from my little income will be felt severely if my half-pay ceases. 
 The Chief Justice appears to have temporized on this occasion merely for 
 the purpose of conciliating some of the “Gentlemen of the bar” (as they 
 are called here) who are, I believe, the only people in the Province who are 
 not perfectly satisfy’d with my appointment. From every other order of 
 men I have received the most explicit congratulations. These gentlemen 
 affect a kind of “esprit de corps”, and their objection arises from my not 
 being a Barrister, although the most respectable of them have repeatedly 
 declared that they would not have accepted the office had it been offered 
 them. The Solicitor General (Mr. Chipman) wrote me in the most 
 pointed terms while I was in England, “that in case of a vacancy on the 
 Bench he would not wish to succeed to it,” and I communicated his letter 
 to Governor Carleton then at Bath, before I had any idea of applying for 
 the office myself; nor does the conduct of the Governor appear to be very 
 consistent upon this occasion, for he seems perfectly reconciled to pass by 
 the Attorney General*, who (of course) stands first on the roster and is 
 eminent in his profession, merely because of some personal digust. I don’t 
 
 *Hon. Jonathan Bliss. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 suspect the Governor of any design to injure me; he is a man of a very 
 peculiar cast of character, and on this occasion I think he has not acted 
 with his accustomed frankness and candour. However as the matter is 
 now settled, I shall persevere in the same respectful line of conduct towards 
 him and shall pursue my duty with increasing assiduity. 
 
 Tenacious as I am of your Lordship’s good opinion, I could not avoid 
 this detail, and I hope I shall he excused for my prolixity. 
 
 I wish most devoutely your Lordship would compleat your goodness 
 to this Country by interesting yourself to send us out some active and 
 respectable man for a Governor; £1,500 sterling a year for 4 years past, 
 with considerable emoluments, has been divided between a Governor, who 
 for his amusement resides at Eamsgate in England, and a President, who 
 for his convenience lives 80 miles from the Seat of Government. Your 
 Lordship must be aware how critically we are now circumstanced with re¬ 
 spect to the Americans, and it must be obvious how important the presence 
 and influence of a Governor must be in an infant Country at such a crisis. 
 
 Your Lordship’s picture, is the strongest likeness I ever saw—it has 
 been viewed with peculiar pleasure by all orders of people here—and with 
 emotions of the highest gratitude and respect by 
 
 Your Lordship’s most faithful & devoted Serv’t, 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 N. B. I forgot to mention that the Supreme Court in this Province 
 is not the Supreme Court of probate—but appeals are made from the latter 
 to the Governor as Ordinary. 
 
 Colonel Hugh Mackav to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Suther Hall, August 20, 1807. 
 
 Hear Sir,-—My friend Mr. Donald McDonald, having lately informed 
 me that he intends shortly, as the uncle & Guardian of the Heirs of the 
 late James McMaster Esquire, deceased, to apply (in conjunction with Mr. 
 Moses Gerrish) for all the remaining unlocated part of the Island of Grand 
 Manan, I take the liberty to address you upon the subject, and to state 
 to you as correctly as I can, the principles and grounds of their intended 
 application, which is as follows:— 
 
 In the year 1783, a License of Occupation was given by the Govern¬ 
 ment of Nova Scotia to Messrs. John Jones, Thomas Eoss, and Moses 
 Gerrish* of the Island of Grand Manan, and the smaller adjacent Islands, 
 
 Moses Gerrish, of Massachusetts, was a graduate of Harvard in 1762. He 
 was employed in the commissariat department of the army at the time of the 
 Revolutionary war. He was a man of ability and force of character, and was 
 the leading magistrate on the island of Grand Mann. He died in 1830 at the -age 
 of 80 years, and is buried on Ross Island, which adjoins Grand Manan. In the 
 
Lord Sheffield. 
 
 [From Portrait by Shoe, in Provincial Building, at Fredericton, X. B.J 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 conditioned to be confirmed therein by Grant, on their locating & settling 
 thereon other fifty families. In 1784 they by Virtue thereof, & as British 
 subjects, took possession of Ihese Islands, and invited & obtained several 
 other settlers to join them on the Island, some of whom have made valu¬ 
 able and extensive improvements. 
 
 That on the 2d day of June, 1786, Mr. Jones (one of the said Licen- 
 cees) conveyed & assigned hy Deed, to Messrs. James and Patrick Mo- 
 Master, his third, or whole claim to the said Island, for the valuable 
 contribution of £500,—which was actually paid, and received;—that the 
 title or claim in consequence of the said assignment, now devolves on, 
 and remains by Survivorship and Inheritence in the Heirs of Mr. James 
 McMaster, and to whom, with Mr. Daniel McMaster, the said John Jones 
 is indebted to a very large amount, in addition to the sum paid him for 
 the Lands, and that without the most distant prospect of ever recovering 
 a shilling from h im—which with other losses & disappointments, leaves 
 the widow and orphans of the late Mr. James McMaster* considerably 
 embarassed in their circumstances; a matter which gives me no small 
 
 early part of the century Moses Gerrish placed a pair of Moose on the island, 
 which increased and multiplied, and the provincial legislature in 1810 passed an 
 act prohibiting the killing of moose on the island under penalty of £15 for each 
 offence, “ provided always that nothing in said act shall be construed to pre- 
 “ vent Moses Gerrish, the original importer of said moose, from killing or giving 
 “ license and permission to kill a certain number of moose each and every year.” 
 The last moose was killed in 1834 or 1835 and the act soon afterwards repealed. 
 
 John Jones, sometimes called “Mahogany Jones,” on account of his dark 
 complexion, was quite a character. He was in the year 1780 a captain in Roger’s 
 “King’s Rangers.” Some account of him is to be found in Sabine’s American 
 Loyalists. See also Bartlett’s “Frontier Missionary,” pp. 325, 326. Captain 
 Jones also raided the Kennebec country in 1780 and created much consternation, 
 carrying off Colonel Cushing, high sheriff of the county of Lincoln, and others. 
 In the autumn of 1784 Rev. Jacob Bailey wrote to Sir John Wentworth: “I 
 “ would beg leave .to recommend to your notice Mr. Jones, an honest worthy 
 “ Loyalist, who has lost an ample estate for his attachment to his majesty and 
 “ the British government. He is endeavoring to obtain a grant of Grand 
 Manan.” 
 
 Thomas Ross, mariner, of Falmouth, Maine, was proscribed and banished 
 in the year 1778. He settled on Grand Manan, where his descendants yet reside. 
 His name is perpetuated in Ross Island. He died in 1804. 
 
 The license of occupation of Grand Manan obtained by Gerrish, Jones and 
 Ross, and their associates, was on the condition they should procure fifty set¬ 
 tlers, a school master and a minister within seven years. They were then to 
 receive a grant of the island. They failed to fulfil the conditions and did not 
 secure the entire island. See account of Grand Manan in Collections of the 
 New Brunswick Hist. Soc. pp. 341-365. 
 
 *James McMaster was a Boston merchant. Having refused to be bound by 
 the non-importation agreement, he became so unpopular with the majority of 
 his townsmen that he deemed it necessary to remove to Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire. He was proscribed and banished by act of the New Hampshire 
 legislature in 1778 and his property confiscated. He settled at the close of the 
 war at St. Patrick, in the county of Charlotte, where he resumed business and 
 was highly respected. One of his daughters married the Rev. Samuel Thomp¬ 
 son, rector of St. George. James McMaster died in 1804. 
 
590 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1807 
 
 uneasiness—for a better or more amiable woman that Mrs. McMaster is 
 seldom to be found. Her family consists of five lovely children, Yiz: two 
 Boys, and three Daughters. Conscious of the Justness of those Children’s 
 Claim to the Lands asked for, added to my high respect for their widowed 
 mother, and twenty odd years uninterrupted intimacy and friendship with 
 their uncle Mr. McDonald and other relatives & connections in this 
 Country, makes me feel peculiarly interested in the success of their in¬ 
 tended application. I must beg leave therefore, (tho’ reluctantly, being sen¬ 
 sible that I have given you too much trouble already in this way), to have 
 recourse to your goodness—and earnestly entreat your friendly offices in 
 support of the said claim. 
 
 Should Mr. Gerrish succeed in his application, my friend Colonel 
 Hatch* (whose interest and prosperity I have much at heart) will, I ex¬ 
 pect, be essentially benefitted in the result; for I believe it is contemplated, 
 that in the event of Mr. Gerrish’s succeeding in getting a Grant of his 
 share of the unlocated part of the Island, the Colonel is to receive a certain 
 proportion of the same. Pardon the trouble of this address, and believe 
 me to be, with sentiments of profound respect & esteem. My dear Sir, 
 Your faithful. 
 
 Affectionate and obliged humble servant, 
 
 Hugh Mackay. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 September 3, 1807. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—To say that the satisfaction you express on the 
 result of your friends exertions gives us great pleasure, would but faintly de¬ 
 scribe our sensations. * * * 
 
 The kind and good Lord Sheffield has pushed the matter of an in¬ 
 crease of salary with Lord Castlereagh, & Mr. Cooke and Upham have not 
 been idle on the occasion. The petition has gone from Lord Castlereagh, 
 I suspect with his approbation and probably recommendation, to the Chan¬ 
 cellor of the Exchequer with whom it rests for a final determination, and 
 as Upham has had an interview with him on the subject, when, he ex¬ 
 pressed himself rather favorably, I entertain hopes of at least a partial 
 
 ♦Christopher Hatch was commissioned a captain in the Loyal American 
 Regiment in 1777. He was a native of Boston. At the peace in 1783 he came to 
 St. John, but removed soon after to Saint Andrews. He was commended for 
 his gallantry in the war, in the course of which he was wounded. He was a 
 magistrate and colonel in the militia. He died in 1819, aged 70 years. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 591 
 
 success. * * * Upham is extremely impatient to return to 
 
 his family, and anxious for a decision on which so much depends. He ill 
 brooks the delay, but we, who have been schooled in the procrastination of 
 the public offices are not surprised or discouraged by it, tho’ I know a gen¬ 
 tleman who was not always so patient. 
 
 I must not forget to remind you to give a decisive answer about the 
 Cadetship. Let your son’s benefit and your comfort decide. 
 
 Caroline * grows a little impatient for the return of her beloved. Tho’ 
 she is silent, it manifests itself in her actions, nor is it to he wondered at 
 from their strong mutual affection and tedious separation. * * * In 
 
 order to change the scene and strengthen her by the sea air and bathing, I 
 intend carrying her to Dover, where she will at least fancy heself nearer 
 to the object of her affections. We both wish you could be of the party, 
 but since that cannot be will suppose you are conversing with us when 
 we are perusing your entertaining letters. 
 
 * * * My last letters from Tyngt lead me to fear I shall 
 
 never have another from him. He sustained something like a paralytic 
 attack and his writing corroborated my apprehensions. He was a pleasant 
 agreeable man and a very old friend. I am not ashamed to own I shall 
 feel very sensibly his loss, but it is a tax we must all pay, there is no re¬ 
 sisting the grim Taxgatherer. 
 
 Our friends the Hales are neither of them well. Mrs. H. has been 
 troubled with a vile Rheumatism, which has hitherto baffled all attempts 
 
 * : Mrs. Weltden, Col. Lutwyche’s daughter. 
 
 fColonel William Tyng died at Gorham, near Portland, Maine, December 
 10, 1807. St. Paul’s church in Portland was erected under his patronage, and 
 he was buried there with Masonic honors. Sabine, in his Loyalists of the Am¬ 
 erican Revolution, pronounces an extremely high eulogy on the character of 
 William Tyng as a man, a gentleman and a Christian. He was employed in the 
 commissariat department during the war, and at the peace was commissary at 
 St. John. In the laying out of Parr Town he received ten lots on “Rocky Hill,” 
 north side of Princess street (first called Tyng street), from Prince William to 
 Germain street. He removed to Gagetown in the year 1784. He called his place 
 “Prospect Farm.” He was the second sheriff of Queens County. The following 
 letter was printed on Jan. 29, 1784, in the “Royal St. John’s Gazette and Nova 
 Scotia Intelligencer”:— 
 
 “ To Captain Lee, commanding 2nd battalion New Jersey Volunteers: 
 
 “ Sir—The very favorable sentiments you and several other officers in his 
 “ majesty’s late British American forces are pleased to express respecting my 
 “ conduct during the time I had the charge of the commissary general’s depart- 
 “ ment at St. John’s demand my most grateful acknowledgments. * * * If 
 “ by the most unwearied attention to the duties of my office I have been able 
 “ to afford the least consolation to my unfortunate fellow sufferers, the first 
 “ wish of my heart has been answered. Give me leave, sir, thus publicly to 
 “ thank you and those gentlemen for their particular attention to me, and to 
 “ assure you in whatever situation I may be in future, it will be my greatest 
 “ happiness to merit the approbation and esteem of them and of all good men. 
 “ I have the honor to be, with every sentiment of respect and gratitude, sir, 
 Tour most obedient humble servant. 
 
 “ WM. TYNG.” 
 
592 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1807 
 
 to cure it. Mr. H. is never quite well. They both speak of you with 
 kindness. * * * 
 
 Everything from America ihdicates a rupture between the two coun¬ 
 tries. They have been indulged so much that they are like a spoiled child, 
 never satisfied. The present ministers will not he as indulgent as the last. 
 
 * He * * * * 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Lt. Gov. Edmond Fanning to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Charlottetown, P. E. I., Aug. 17, 1807. 
 
 Lt. Gov. Fanning writes to Judge Winslow by Robert Pagan of St. 
 Andrews, N. B., respecting deserters from the P. E. I. Fencibles, the cause 
 of which is His Royal Highness the Commander in Chief’s “code of dress 
 and duties.” The deserters had passed through Richibucto, and if not 
 arrested the code referred to “may have a very perambulatory effect upon 
 many more of the corps.” He asks for the apprehension of the deserters, 
 if possible, and for the appointment of Jacob Powell* of Richibucto as a 
 magistrate to enable him to arrest deserters in future. 
 
 George Leonard to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sunday, 20th September, 1807. 
 
 My dear Winslow,— 
 
 * * * The late conduct and language of the Chief 
 
 Justice, with Parker, Robinson, &c, on the prospect of peace with all the 
 world, America included, was outrageously disloyal, being in effect that 
 Great Britain was in such a humiliating situation as to have to submit to 
 any terms offered by Bonaparte, and instantly comply with all demands 
 from America. But these poor insignificants are now humbled and mor¬ 
 tified by their folly in publicly declaring their principles before the late 
 intelligence arrived that England was determined to resist anv unreason¬ 
 able demands either from Bonaparte or the Americans. * * * I can 
 
 forgive the citizens of St. John for all past indiscretions when they have 
 come forward on the late occasion to so generally disapprove such conver¬ 
 sations of the Chief Justice & Co., and shew their readiness to meet the 
 enemy and to contribute all in their power, not only to defend the province 
 but to annoy the sea coasts of the States when called upon, and when the 
 militia of the City apply (not by order of the President) by their Major 
 
 *Jacob Powell was a New York Loyalist. He went to Richibucto in 1787 and 
 Was probably the first English speaking inhabitant. There were then (according to 
 Cooney) but four families of Acadians in the present County of Kent. Mr. Powell 
 was a leading magistrate and citizen. He died in 1819, aged 53 years. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 593 
 
 Ward* for sundry implements used for fortifications of the Store Keeper, 
 it was found none could he had but two broken wheel barrows. The 
 handles of pick-axes, shovels, &c, were rotten and not fit for use. While 
 the carpenters which are employed in the ordanance cannot find employ 
 more than one day in a week by order of the storekeeper—so shamefully 
 are we prepared to throw up works. 
 
 * * * Every moment the inhabitants are growing more 
 
 and more clamorous against the Chief and his poor insignificant brother, 
 Parker, Eobinson & Co., who are ashamed to be seen on the streets after 
 their ridiculous opinions. * * * 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Major Gordon. 
 
 Fredericton, N. B. 1st Oct’r, 1807. 
 
 My dear Gordon,—An opportunity by private conveyance enables me 
 to tell you that in June last I was at Halifax and there received from 
 Chief Justice Blowers the patent for your land in Nova Scotia, and I have 
 now to offer my grateful acknowledgements to you for this substantial 
 mark of your friendship and goodness. It will afford you satisfaction, my 
 
 *John Ward was born at Peekskill, on the Hudson, in 1752. He was gazet¬ 
 ted in 1776 an ensign in Col. Beverley Robinson’s Loyal American Regiment, 
 and promoted lieutenant Oct. 7, 1777. During the war of the Revolution he was 
 frequently in action. At the evacuation of New York by the British forces in 
 1783 he commanded a detachment of Loyalist troops, the last to leave that place. 
 The transport ship in which he sailed to St. John was laden with provisions and 
 clothing. Owing to the lateness of their arrival they were obliged to shelter 
 themselves under canvas tents on the Barrack Square at Lower Cove. The 
 tents, although thatched with spruce boughs, were miserably cold, and owing 
 to the exposure and lack of nourishing food many women and children died 
 during the winter. John Ward, jr., son of the Loyalist, was born in a tent on 
 December 18, 1783. The elder John Ward continued to interest himself in mili¬ 
 tary matters and attained the rank of a major in the militia. (See reference 
 to him in Baxter’s History of the New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery). In 
 civic affairs his interest was equally manifest. He was an alderman of the city 
 of St. John and was elected to represent the city and county of St. John in the 
 house of assembly in 1809, 1816 and 1819. He was an enterprising merchant. He 
 was also one of the promoters of steam navigation on the St. John river and a 
 leading member of the company that owned the first steamboat, the “General 
 Smyth,” which ran between St. John and Fredericton. The same company 
 aftewards built the “St. George,” “John Ward,” and “Fredericton.” For many 
 years Major Ward was regarded as the father of the city, being the last sur¬ 
 vivor of those who may be classed as its founders. At the semi-centennial 
 commemoration of the landing of the Loyalists, held in 1833, he was assigned 
 a seat at the banquet on the left of the mayor, John M. Wilmot—the lieutenant 
 governor, Sir Archibald Campbell, being on the mayor’s right.' On the 18th 
 May, 1843, he was presented with an address by the corporation of the city, 
 being then 90 years of age. The Ward family were noted for their longevity. 
 Major John Ward died Nov. 5, 1846, in his 94th year. John Ward, jr., died in 
 1875 at the age of 92 years, and Charles Ward, his brother, died in 1882, aged 91 
 years. Major John Ward, mentioned in the letter above, lived at the corner of 
 King and Germain streets. He was at the time of his decease, the senior 
 magistrate of the city and county. 
 
594 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 dear Gordon, to find that the favor which yon benevolently conferred on 
 me appears to he of more consequence than we originally apprehended. I 
 think it may he valued (without being too sanguine) at £200 or £300 cur¬ 
 rency. I shall however not be in haste to dispose of it. The son Edward, 
 for whom I intended it, is the bearer of this. He was bred a merchant 
 and is a discreet and valuable young man. The process of commerce, 
 being completely suspended here by the operations of war, and no field 
 opening to satisfy an ambitious boy, I determined to accept a Cadetship for 
 him in India, which has been offered me by a very respectable friend in 
 England. I know nothing of the nature of the service. Possibly my dear 
 Gordon you may give him some hints which may be of very great im¬ 
 portance, and your heart will I’m sure incline you to render him any little 
 service in that way. 
 
 The warm interest which his Grace of Northumberland and Lord 
 Sheffield were pleased to take in my concerns was productive of an ap¬ 
 pointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court here, with a salary of £300 a 
 year, for which I have received the King’s mandamus; so that my voiage 
 to England, entered upon under very inauspicious circumstances, termin¬ 
 ated fortunately for myself. It besides gave me an opportunity of making 
 honorable provision for my sons. The one in the 10th*, for whom you 
 interested yourself, I hope will conduct well, and I suppose will obtain 
 promotion in his turn. The young one who was appointed to the Nova 
 Scotia Fenciblest, has joined his Reg’t at Newfoundland and is highly 
 spoken of. I’ve now parted with my last, and may God bless you for so 
 liberally and readily assisting me in snatching them from obscurity—I’d 
 almost said perdition. 
 
 If your good sister is in the way offer my best regards to her, and 
 remember me kindly to Ardenbrooke. And my dear Gordon once in a 
 while catch a transient moment and tell me where you are and how you 
 are. Could you realize the value I set on these favours, you could not 
 fail to indulge your old and faithful friend, &c, &c, 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 P. S.—My wife and sisters ask to be most kindly remembered. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Colonel George Williamson. 
 
 Fredericton, 1st October, 1807. 
 
 My dear Williamson,—I’ll not torment you for a moment by any for¬ 
 mal parade of acknowledgements for the prompt exertion of your friend- 
 
 *The reference is to Lieutenant Thomas Winslow. This young gentleman 
 in a letter to his brother Edward remarks:—“If I had anticipated the diffi- 
 “ culties and mortifications to which I have been reduced since I joined this 
 “ regiment I would never have become an officer in the army.” Evidently his 
 troubles arose from not having sufficient pocket money. 
 
 f Ensign Wentworth Winslow, the judge’s youngest son, is referred to. 
 
1807J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 595 
 
 ship in procuring an Ensigncy for my son Wentworth in the Nova Scotia 
 Feneibles. I shall only tell you that I feel as I ought the full force of 
 the obligations which you have conferred on me. The boy has joined his 
 Reg’t and the Commanding officer writes of him in the most flattering 
 terms. 
 
 Hailes was with me this morning and gave me much pleasure by say¬ 
 ing that he’d a late letter from you and that you were well and happy. 
 The good Major [Hailes] is rather in a funk at present; among the pro¬ 
 fusion of honors which have been heaped upon him in this Country he’s 
 Adjutant General of the Militia. And there’s some reason to apprehend 
 that the Americans may Be inclined to walk over the ideal line which 
 divides us and interrupt our present tranquility. Such an event would 
 produce scenes of great activity and the Major anticipates ’em with his 
 usual zeal and energy. Unluckily for the Country some of our present 
 rulers do not discover the same disposition. 
 
 [Remainder missing.] 
 
 Judge Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Fredericton, Tuesday, 6th Oct., 1807. 
 
 My dear Boy,—It was my intention to have put into your possession 
 my correspondence with his honor, which at some leisure moment you may 
 show to Col. Lutwyche. There is in Col. Lutwyche’s family (I suppose) a 
 servant by the name of Sally, (Mrs. Weltden’s woman) to whom I am under 
 many obligations. I desire that you will tell her from me how gratefully 
 I remember her attentions. Col. Lutwyche will probably introduce you to 
 my venerable friends at Pudsey-Hall in the Square at Kensington. You 
 will present my best regards to ’em all, but particularly to Miss Wood, 
 whose tender and affectionate good offices will never be forgotten by me. 
 If Mr. Wintour remains in the house tell him that I gratefully recollect the 
 many instances of his kindness which I experienced while in England. 
 Possibly you may see my old servants—Moulton & Susan—their fidelity & 
 goodness entitles them to my best acknowledgements. When you are 
 going by No. 240 Oxford Street, step in and tell old Novella & his wife 
 that I yet feel myself much obliged by their kindness when I was a Lodger 
 with them—and there’s a Stationer at the comer below by the name of 
 Jackson, from whom I received much attention, & I wish you would give 
 my love to him & his wife. 
 
 I leave it to my friends at Phillimore Place* to determine on the 
 propriety of introducing you to Sir Wm. Pepperel, Gov’r Franklyn, Mr. 
 Coffin, &c. Should they decide in favour of the measure, you will only 
 
 *Phillimore Place was the residence of Colonel Lutwyche. 
 
596 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 have to present my best compliments to ’em all. Tell Mr. Coffin that I 
 have too great a regard for him to torment him with one of my lengthy 
 epistles & I can’t write a short one. Next door to Col. Lntwyche lives a 
 family to whom I am and ever shall be indebted for the most friendly 
 treatment in sickness & health. Mrs. Weltden will give you an opportu¬ 
 nity of seeing Mr. & Mrs. Hailes—& you must remember me to them in 
 the most affectionate manner—& also to their son Mr. Jo. Hailes, for 
 whom I’ve a great regard. This Memorandum I meant to give you before 
 your departure but I was not equal to it & my hand is now very lame. 
 
 I’ve say’d all that’s necessary about Halifax. James Frazer of Freder¬ 
 icton is on his way to that place; he will take charge of your mother’s 6 1-2 
 yds. yellow glaz’d cotton, which must not be omitted. I wish you would 
 consult my friend Lawson about a barrel of fall Mackarel & a Quintal of 
 genuine Codfish & if he can procure ’em for me and will send ’em round, 
 directed to Mr. Chipman’s care at St. John, I’ll pay the amount with many 
 thanks. Tell Lawson that they are for my own eating & that I long (as 
 the ladies say) for a Mackarel* this moment. 
 
 Circumstances occur every moment which I wish to communicate but 
 it’s too late. This is written at Aunt Sally’s table with cramp’d fingers & 
 no fire. Maryt has a famous daughter & is wonderfully well. Your 
 mother, sisters & circle of friends repeat their good wishes. 
 
 3 o’clock. 
 
 The post arriv’d and no letter from you. I suppose we shall get one 
 by some other conveyance and I rec’d one from Mr. Chipman which gives 
 us much comfort. 
 
 Once more Goodbye to you my dear Boy—nothing but the consider¬ 
 ation that your future happiness & prosperity depends on your present step 
 could ever reconcile me to it. My loss is a severe one. 
 
 Kingsclear remains in its old station—the managers of my farm are 
 as active & sprightly as ever, & we are getting in our small crop with great 
 deliberation. 
 
 Pray don’t omit informing me of every event which takes place which 
 concerns yourself. 
 
 Most affectionately 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 [Note the above was addressed to Edward Winslow Jr. at St. John, 
 N. B.] 
 
 *Compare Chipman’s letter of May 8, 1812. 
 tMrs. E. W. Miller, Judge Winslow’s daughter. 
 
1807] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 597 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow Jr. 
 
 Fredericton, 12 O'clock, Tuesday, Oct'r, 1807. 
 
 My dear Edward,—Your mother & I came down this morning, & we 
 find Pine* just getting under weigh. I'm therefore prevented from 
 writing to Miss Sproule & Went; as I intended. Nor have I a chance of 
 writing a few lines to Mr. Leonard, which I very much wish'd. 
 
 The Moose-wood shrubs, your Elute, &c, are committed to the care of 
 Pine, & I hope will come safe to you. I'm impatient to hear of all your 
 arrangements—and shall look with extreme anxiety for the next arrival 
 from St. John. 
 
 When you get to Halifax you will call at Mrs. Brown’s & should it he 
 necessary to take your quarters on shore she’ll give you a bed. Give my 
 love to her & Miss Hutchins & to the gentlemen of her household, parti¬ 
 cularly to Mr. Henry. 
 
 The family are as composed as can be under a separation so truly 
 afflicting—for my own part I derive every consolation from the consider¬ 
 ation that 'tis for your own advantage. Other matters may occur to me 
 when I'm a little rested and refreshed. 
 
 You will probably hear from us at Halifax. Write us from every 
 halting-place you make. My future comfort will depend on hearing of 
 your health and prosperity. Keep up your own spirits in all situations. 
 By every conveyance you shall hear from 
 
 Your affectionate Father 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 The inclosed was put into my hand by your Mama. 
 
 Chief Justice Blowers to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, November 16th, 1807. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your letter, which was intended to he delivered me by 
 your son Edward, I received by the way of Windsor after we had heard the 
 Duke of Kent mast ship had passsed by without touching at Halifax. I 
 hope she will have a good passage, and that Mr. Edward will meet with all 
 the success in his enterprize that he can wish for himself, or his friends for 
 him. 
 
 By the last packet I received an affectionate letter from our friend, 
 covering a Deed of conveyance to you of the Lands in the County of Syd¬ 
 ney, executed in due form and acknowledged before a magistrate in Dub- 
 
 *Alpheus Pine of New York came to New Brunswick with the Loyalists. 
 For several years he sailed a vessel on the River St. John. The story of his 
 altercation with Benedict Arnold is told in Sabine’s Loyalists. He died at St. 
 John in 1846, aged 84 years. 
 
598 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 lin, where Col. Gordon then was. He begs to assure you of his continued 
 regard and that he hopes the Lands will prove of sufficient value to be 
 worth your acceptance. He says his situation in Ireland is very respect¬ 
 able, but its duration very uncertain. That he shall not regret its termin¬ 
 ation as he should be sorry to spend his days in that Country. He speaks 
 of the Irish as by no means well affected to the Government, but too much 
 disposed to join the French standard whenever it can be erected there. 
 
 You will see by the papers, that your old friend Sir Brook Watson is 
 dead. His departure will not I hope subject your sisters or your Boys to 
 any inconvenience, though I doubt if Mr. Turner’s* friendship will ever 
 be so active or so obliging as Sir Brook’s has been. Mr. Butler, who came 
 out in the packet, says he has not died rich, being supposed to have left 
 only £40,000 or £50,000, a trifle among your nabobs and contractors. I 
 wish Mr. Edward may in a few months return from India like another 
 Barwell able to purchase a eounty. 
 
 By a Sloop of war which arrived yesterday we have accounts from 
 England a day or two later than the packet brought us. Vice Admiral 
 Berkley is recalled, and is to be succeeded by Sir John B. Warren. This 
 is considered by the politicians as a proof that we are not to go to war with 
 the United States. I wish this may be the case as I think we have 
 enemies enough without adding them to the number. Besides it is much 
 more pleasant to discusss the merits and demerits of Battles fought in 
 Poland, Turkey and South America, than it could possibly be if the scene 
 of action was in Halifax, Hew Brunswick or Penobscot River. 
 
 I am sorry to hear that Penelope writes that you have been lately 
 much afflicted with the Gout. I hope you will have been able to put that 
 troublesome enemy to flight, and that you are on your legs again. We are 
 all well and unite in good wishes for you and yours. 
 
 I shall keep the Deed from Col. Gordon until I receive your directions 
 respecting it. It should be registered in the County of Sydney, but that 
 may be done probably without hurry, as there is no danger of any subse¬ 
 quent conveyance being made, or of the interference of the Creditors. 
 
 I am always, Yery sincerely yours, 
 
 S. S. Blowers. 
 
 ♦Brook Watson was connected in business with William Goodall and John 
 Turner under the name of Brook Watson & Co. They had extensive business 
 transactions with parties in New Brunswick for years. 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 599 
 
 Lieutenant William Turner* to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Presque Isle, 2d January, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—Permit me after stating some circumstances relative to my half- 
 pay to ask your advice as to the propriety or impropriety of drawing it. 
 Upon enquiry I find that all those under similar circumstances in this 
 Province and Nova Scotia receive it, and I continued to do the same until 
 the appointment of the Commissioners—that is until December 1806; the 
 magistrates knowing my remote stationary situation, having had the good¬ 
 ness to acknowledge my certificates without my attesting to them. The 
 appointment of Commissioners rendered it necessary that I should qualify, 
 but I objected supposing, as I still do, that such an oath cannot safely be 
 taken. 
 
 Tho’ my appointment is very handsome, having had at my coming 
 here considerable debts to discharge; some eligible purchases that I have 
 since made, with improvements on the land I received from Government, 
 the purchase of stock, &c., has left me still in a large arrears to Mr. James 
 Bell, and tho’ I have no cause to complain of his patience, he no doubt 
 wants his money and thinks I ought to draw my half pay—this I should 
 be very happy to do could the objections before mentioned be got over. 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 If you please to honor me with your opinion on this Business by leav¬ 
 ing a letter at James Frazer’s (from which it will reach me at an early 
 period) the favour will be most gratefully acknowledged by, Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient, & most humble Serv’t, 
 
 W. Turner. 
 
 Colonel Williamson to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Royal Military Asylum, Jan’y 11, 1808. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—I hope this will find you well. I hope the report is 
 true that your salary as J udge is to be made up to £500 per annum. 
 
 *William Turner of New Jersey was gazetted a lieutenant in the West Jer¬ 
 sey Volunteers in March, 1778. His company was in October following incor¬ 
 porated in the New Jersey Volunteers. The muster rolls of this corps show 
 that in February, 1781, he was a “prisoner in the hands of the rebels.” He was 
 a gallant old soldier, and came to New Brunswick at the peace in 1783 with his 
 regiment. In 1793 he vas commissioned a lieutenant in the newly raised King’s 
 New Brunswick Regiment. He was in 1804 in command of the post at Presque 
 Isle, and after the corps had been disbanded he still remained in charge of the 
 post as commissary. Rev. Frederick Dibblee, the first' clergyman on the Upper 
 St. John, mentions William Turner in his diary, which he kept for many years 
 with scrupulous care: his parish register records the baptism on Oct. 29, 1804, of 
 Mr. Turner and others of his family. On June 20, 1809, a grant of a tract of 
 29,965 acres in the vicinity of the military post was made to Capt. William 
 Turner and 87 others of the parish of Wakefield. Capt. Turner’s estate, includ¬ 
 ing two islands in the St. John river, comprised 1,000 acres. While he lived he 
 was the principal man of the settlement, magistrate, school trustee, etc., and 
 a man universally respected. His death is thus referred to in Rev. F. Dibblee's 
 diary: “Jan. 17, 1817, went to Piesque Isle to bury Mr. Turner at the garrison. 
 Capt. Ketchum and Mr. Bedell went with me.” 
 
600 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1807 
 
 Gen’l Fox is arrived and well; Mrs. Fox I fear very unwell. I think 
 the line yonr son Edward has taken—Purser to an India-man, is better 
 than a Cadetship. Captain Hazen has joined his Regiment in Jersey. 
 
 Politicks you will know from the Papers. The 10th are gone to 
 Sicily. 
 
 Every sincerely yours, Geo. Wiliamson. 
 
 [The above endorsed “Ree ; d 21st March, 1808.”] 
 
 Address to Judge Winslow of York County Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 Fredericton, 12th January, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—The Court of Common Pleas and of General Sessions in concur¬ 
 rence with the Grand Jury of the County join me in acknowledging the 
 receipt of your favor of the 5th Instant. 
 
 They thank you for the official communication therein contained, and 
 are highly pleased with the appointment his Majesty has thought proper 
 to confer on you. It justifies Sir the public opinion of those talents which 
 have long distinguished you in this County as our presiding Magistrate. 
 The relinquishment of your seat amongst us and the affectionate leave you 
 have taken of the members of these Courts most sensibly affect them, and 
 they beg leave to reciprocate your own sensations so kindly expressed on 
 this occasion. Your example and precepts Sir, have formed the manners 
 of the County Courts and will never cease to influence the members of 
 them while Loyalty is a virtue in the British subject and Independence 
 of spirit a requisite in the judicial character. 
 
 The Court request Sir you will be pleased to continue your kind advice 
 or patronage whenever you may think either of advantage to them. 
 
 I am Sir, with sentiments of sincere attachment and regard and of 
 great respect, 
 
 Your most obedient & very humble Servant, 
 
 S. Agnew. 
 
 Mrs. E. W. Miller to Edward Winslow Jr. 
 
 Fredericton, January 17th, 1808. 
 
 Down I sit with a determination to steal an hour to write my dear 
 bother Edward, trusting to heaven that he is safe landed in England and 
 in health and spirits. As I don’t expect to have it in my power to say half 
 I would wish I shall begin with assuring you that my spouse and children 
 are all hearty. My “brats” often talk of “poor Uncle Ned,” as they style 
 you. “Bets”* says you’re “a naughty Boy” for leaving her—she’s as good 
 natured and funny as ever. 
 
 *See the reference to this child in the letters of Penelope Winslow of Oct. 
 30, 1809, and of Judge Winslow of Feb. 6, 1810. 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 601 
 
 We moved to our house the first of the month and are as comfortable 
 as possible. I am delighted with every part of it as far as convenience and 
 comfort goes. We have only a Parlor, Bedroom, Kitchen and Pantry 
 finished. However we make out very well, & being so handy to the Store 
 makes it of convenience to Miller. He has only young Misery (as Eliza 
 calls him) to assist or depend upon—a slender dependence you know. 
 Charles Lee wrote for him a month, and I sincerely wish it was possible 
 to have detained him longer, but he poor fellow is now cutting rails for his 
 father. He used to fetch many a groan while with us at his forlorn situa¬ 
 tion and swear at himself for not having resolution to better himself in 
 some way. I pity him exceedingly; he really is a clever lad. * * * 
 
 Mama has been attacked most severely, tho’ not so long ill as when you 
 were at home, but the same complaint in her head, and deprived of her 
 reason for near a week. She frequently called for her son Ned. I 
 spent last Sunday at home and she was as rational as ever and looked much 
 better than I expected. * * * 
 
 I have nothing new to communicate. They’re making a sort of stir 
 with the Militia. You remember you attempted to frighten me last sum¬ 
 mer about Mr. Miller’s attacking the enemy. I begin to be uneasy in 
 earnest. You know it does not take much to alarm me where he’s con¬ 
 cerned. He is now taking his usual nod in the corner & doesnt look ready 
 to face the enemy. * * * 
 
 It’s growing towards twelve at night and I must close. Nothing but 
 the consciousness that I am acting a sisterly part would have induced me 
 to write a letter, for I am really so entirely done making & writing 
 them, and you may remember I am wonderfully busy with my familv con¬ 
 cerns. I have a Daughter three months old and she monopolizes a great 
 deal of my time at present. I have not, my dear Ned, been to the store or 
 to Church or made a visit of any kind since you left us. I never want to see 
 the inside of the store again, I shall miss my poor Brother so dreadfully, 
 * * * I wish it might please God to place you in a com¬ 
 
 fortable situation in England. I can’t reconcile it to myself your going 
 to the East Indies, it seems like burying alive. Do let us hear from you 
 as often as possible. Nothing gives your friends and affectionate sister 
 more pleasure. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sunday, 14 Feb’y, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Before this reaches you, you will have heard of 
 the death of the President [Col. Gabriel G. Ludlow] who expired very 
 suddenly on Friday morning. You will of course succeed to the adminis- 
 
602 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 tration of the Government. * * * The Vesta has arrived 
 
 this morning from St. Andrews with very important intelligence; among 
 other things that Bussia has declared war against England. Major Mc- 
 Claskey and Col. Wetmore have this moment called upon me with this 
 intelligence and suggested it as their opinion that an express ought to be 
 immediately sent to you with an account of it. * * * I know 
 
 not whether the instructions require that you should he sworn in in full 
 Council, hut if so (in the present peculiar situation of our public affairs 
 resulting from this recent intelligence) I beg leave to submit for your con¬ 
 sideration whether it will not be advisable that you with the Secretary, if 
 no other members from Fredericton can attend you, repair to this place 
 to be sworn in and to adopt such measures as the exigency of the moment 
 and more matured intelligence may require. 
 
 The state of the Militia already embodied, requires some immediate 
 measures to be adopted for paying them. I understand that the President 
 was to have signed bills for this purpose the day on which he died. * * 
 
 I will not add to this letter, as I expect it to be immediately called for, 
 but by saving that we shall Lave a bed as usual at your service, which we 
 shall depend upon your occupying without ceremony. 
 
 &c., &c., W. Chipman. 
 
 Edward Winslow’s Appointment as Administrator of Government of New 
 Brunswick. 
 
 Fredericton, New Brunswick, 
 
 In Council, 20th February, 1808. 
 
 In consequence of the death of the Hon’ble Gabriel G. Ludlow, which 
 happened on the 12th Instant, the administration of the Government 
 having devolved upon Mr. Winslow, the next eldest Councillor present in 
 the Province, he this day took the requisite Oaths and assumed the Admin¬ 
 istration as President. 
 
 Extract for the Minutes. 
 
 Jon’n Odell, 
 
 Clerk of the Council. 
 
 Honorable John Saunders to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, February 26th, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—In obedience to the direction of his Honor the late President 
 to organize the first draft of the Militia in this part of the Province, which 
 he was pleased to put under my Command, I drew up the inclosed estab¬ 
 lishment for the Battalion which met his approbation, and which I now 
 have the honor to submit for your consideration. A part of this draft, 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 603 
 
 vou will be pleased to observe, has not been called out into actual service 
 owing to the impossibility of procuring quarters, barrack bedding, &c., but 
 this is the less to be regretted as it has been the cause of saving a consider¬ 
 able expence to Government and is I apprehend of no very material injury 
 to his Majesty’s service, as these officers and men stand ready to join at 
 the shortest notice should war actually take place, when by a proper dis¬ 
 tribution of them with those who are disciplined, the Battalion may be so 
 modelled as immediately to be made fit to take the field. 
 
 As it is necessary the Battalion should have a name, and as from the 
 youth, vigor, and local knowledge of both officers and men they would 
 doubtless in case of war be employed as light troops, that of “Volunteer 
 Militia Bangers,” appears to me to be the most appropriate. 
 
 I have the honor to be with great respect, Sir, 
 
 Your very faithful & obedient humble servant, 
 
 John Saunders, Col., 
 
 Com’g. Vol. M. Bangers. 
 
 His Honor Mr. President Winslow. 
 
 Ward Chipman to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 2d. March, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I wrote to you by the last post and again by the 
 express on Sunday evening. Yesterday the Vesta arrived from St. Andrews 
 but without any letters or papers of consequence. The master of her saw 
 Col. Wyer, who had just been at Moose Island, and there saw a Boston 
 newspaper which contained among other things an account of the death 
 of our most gracious King*. 
 
 No money can be raised here for the payment of the Militia and some 
 measure should be immediately taken to procure money from Halifax. It 
 might be well for Co. Johnston to let GenT Hunter know our situation 
 that by the Joint aid of- all the Powers money may in some way be sent to us 
 from that quarter. 
 
 * * * Will it not be worthy of serious consideration whether the 
 
 whole of the Militia should not on the 24th of this month be disbanded 
 as contemplated by the late President ? I confess that I am much inclined 
 to this opinion for many reasons. If we are to have war with the States, 
 I think many months must elapse first, during which time the country 
 would suffer much inconvenience and distress without any adequate ad¬ 
 vantage, by having the Militia embodied, and if money cannot be pro¬ 
 cured to pay them, they will certainly separate of their own accord, which 
 would be very mortifying and disgraceful. If I rightly recollect Lord 
 
 ♦This report proved incorrect. 
 
604 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 Castlereagh’s letter does not contemplate the services of the Militia longer 
 than the Spring, when Troops can. he sent out from England, and there 
 is certainly no danger of war or invasion at present. * * * 
 
 I have received Hailes letter by the Post and am glad to find yon 
 mean to come down with Jones this trip. I entreat yon not to fail; I do 
 indeed think it very necessary. As I write so much from the impulse of 
 the moment I think you had not better let any one see this letter, tho’ I 
 think it would be well for you to apprize Judge Saunders that if the report 
 is true that the French ambassador has demanded his pass-ports, you shall 
 dismiss the Militia. Pardon this impertinence — you know my heart and 
 my motives. [This letter is unsigned.] 
 
 Major General Hunter to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, March 6th, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—By the last Post I had the honor to receive your letter of the 
 16th ult’o. I beg leave to congratulate you on your having succeeded to 
 the administration of the Government of the Province of Hew Brunswick. 
 In the present initial state of affairs with the States of America it affords 
 me great satisfaction to know that a person of your abilities and zeal foT 
 the Public good is at the head of affairs. I feel flattered by your assurance 
 of being always ready to co-operate with me in any measures for the good 
 of His Majesty’s service. 
 
 I have the honor to be Sir, &c., &c., 
 
 M. Hunter. 
 
 President Edward Winslow to Lieut. Governor Carleton. 
 
 Fredericton, 8th March, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—Called unexpectedly by the death of Col. Ludlow to take charge 
 for the present of the administration of this Government, I consider my¬ 
 self as your Excellency’s locum tenens for the time, and though I under¬ 
 stand that [you consider the appointment of Sir James Craig as*] cir¬ 
 cumstances have occurred which effectually preclude your return to this 
 country, I presume that Ministers will have some consideration and memory 
 of your sendees during so many years in this Province, and that they 
 will not be in haste to appoint your successor. If so > I must expect shortly 
 to resign the administration into the hands of Judge Uphamt, whose 
 
 *Judge Winslow has put his pen through the words contained within the 
 square brackets, substituting the words that follow. Sir James Henry Craig. 
 K. B., was appointed governor general of all the British provinces in North 
 America in 1807. The period of his regime, which lasted four years, was known 
 in Quebec as “the reign of terror.” 
 
 f Judge Upham, as senior member of the council, was entitled to act as pre¬ 
 sident and commander in chief, but being at the time in England, Edward 
 Winslow was called to the position. 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 605 
 
 return I am told may be expected by the first opportunity. But whatever 
 may be the term of my present situation, I should deem it proper to ab¬ 
 stain from any step respecting the patronage of office that could have a 
 chance of being disagreeable to the future Governor; and most assuredly 
 then I shall feel the force of this sentiment so long as it can have a 
 reference to your Excellency. Under these impressions I have written 
 the letter of which a copy is inclosed, and in which I have mentioned Mr. 
 Sproule—not as from myself, but as one whom you had intended to re¬ 
 commend. And for such other nominations as now are or hereafter may 
 be called for, I have requested the Minister to look to yourself on the 
 Spot. You will perceive that I apprehend another Vacancy in the Council 
 soon to happen. This is on account of a recent paralytic stroke, which 
 threatens the life of the Chief Justice, and which happened on Sunday the 
 6th Instant. 
 
 The duty which I have undertaken becomes arduous and responsible 
 by the peculiar state in which my immediate predecessor has left the Militia 
 of the Province — but surrounded as I am by men of great respectability 
 and sound judgment, influenced also by the general principles which gov¬ 
 erned your administration, I do not fear the commission of any material 
 errors. Permit me to offer my best regards to Mrs. Carleton and the young 
 ladies. The remembrance of their kindness will never be obliterated from 
 the mind of myself and family—and to Capt. & Mrs. Foy, when you meet 
 them, give my kind regards, & allow me to avail myself of this occasion 
 to repeat— 
 
 [The rest of this letter is missing; the.original is only a rough draft,] 
 
 Ward Chipman to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 9 March, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—* * * I think that you have concluded upon 
 
 the most (and perhaps only) correct grounds upon which the Militia can 
 be disembodied, viz., the approbation of Gen’l Hunter, at whose instance 
 they were originally called out, and I have no doubt that his approbation 
 will be received, under the existing circumstances. * * * 
 
 We are much disappointed in not seeing you here, as people in general 
 will be; but as W. Hazen* is going to Halifax—the only effectual measure 
 for obtaining money—the necessity of your being here is in some measure 
 removed until his return, and as soon after that as the river shall be open, 
 I do really think you should be here. 
 
 *William Hazen, jr., was in 1793 appointed paymaster of the King’s New 
 Brunswick Regiment. Afterwards he was paymaster of all the forces in the 
 province. In 1813 he was sheriff of the county of St. John, holding the office 
 until his death on February 14, 1816. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 T1808 
 
 By the January Packet there axe accounts from R. Hazen that Upham 
 is again worse, and his surgeon has declared that unless the immense 
 discharge from his head, with which he is afflicted and upon which an 
 operation has been performed, can be resisted and a speedy and favourable 
 alteration takes place, he cannot recover—my own persuasion is that he 
 cannot recover. This added to the alarming intelligence respecting the 
 Chief Justice, has excited reflections in my mind similar I have no doubt 
 to what have arisen in your own upon this occasion; but this is a subject 
 upon which I cannot enlarge in this way. I would give much to see you. 
 I cannot dissemble that in case of a vacancy and an increase of the salary, 
 of which latter I think there can be now no doubt, I should be greatly 
 disappointed in not putting an end to 34 years toiling at the Bar by enjoy¬ 
 ing during the remainder of my life the moderate independence which a 
 seat upon the Bench would afford. How mortifying to us all must it be 
 if the Creeper Cock*, the insignificant “Creon,” should by any unexpected 
 interest, in case of Judge TJpham’s death, obtain his seat upon the Bench; 
 and yet there are those men who anticipate this event. * * * 
 
 Adieu for this time. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, W. C. 
 
 P. S. I am persuaded from R. Hazen’s letter and from all other cir¬ 
 cumstances that you are a long time to remain in your present situation, 
 and this is the opinion of many others here. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Jonathan Odell. 
 
 St. John, 9 Mar, 1808. 
 
 Dear Sir,—In a letter by the January mail Robert Hazen writes as 
 follows : 
 
 “ After I saw the Act of Parliament” (referring to the Act past last 
 
 *The “Creeper Cock” was Samuel Denny Street, who was in stature short 
 and of rather pompous manners. He was a gentleman of the olden time, and 
 wore a queue, knee breeches and gaiters. He was an able man and a clever 
 lawyer, and in 1807 went to England at the request of the St. John common 
 council to argue their case in the fishery dispute as opposed to the claims of 
 Hazen, Simonds and White. Mr. Street’s efforts were crowned with success, 
 and the act lately passed by the New Brunswick legislature giving control of 
 the fishery between high and low water mark to the owners of the adjacent 
 shore was disallowed by the king in council. In the year 1802 there was an 
 acrimonious debate in the house of assembly over the appointment of a suc¬ 
 cessor to the late Isaac Hedden as clerk of the house. The assembly by a ma¬ 
 jority of one appointed Samuel Denny Street to the vacancy, he having been 
 acting temporarily in that capacity during Hedden’s illness. Mr. Street was at 
 the time a member of the house. The lieutenant governor and council claimed 
 the right of appointment as one of the prerogatives of the crown and named 
 Dugald Campbell as Hedden’s successor; their appointment was ultimately 
 accepted by the house of assembly. Out of the controversy much feeling 
 arose and some warm political letters appeared in the newspapers. Ward 
 Chipman was averse to the appointment of Mr. Street. The latter wrote some 
 letters under the nom de plume “Creon” to the St. John City Gazette. 
 
1808J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 607 
 
 August authorizing the American vessels to come to these Provinces for 
 Gypsum) “I went out to Great Ealing, about 8 miles from Town, to see 
 “ Mr. Knox the Provincial Agent, I really was astonished to find that so 
 “ feeble, so infirm an old man should be at all desirous to hold an appoint- 
 “ ment which he is so incapable of filling with any advantage to the 
 “ Province. 
 
 “ He was so very ignorant of the affairs of the province that he ap- 
 “ peared to have never received certain pieces of information, or if he had 
 “ that he had totally forgot them. 
 
 “ I asked him particularly about the bill granting the right of fishery 
 “ to the proprietors of the soil in New Brunswick, and the petition from 
 “the City [St. John] he positively insisted that the hill had never been 
 “ received in England and that no petition had ever arrived. Mr. Yenner 
 “told me for a certainty that he knew the bill had been received at the 
 “ proper office, and I know that Street is in London with the petition*. 
 “Mr. Knox knew nothing about what has been done about the address 
 “ from the two branches of the Legislature on the subject of the Passa- 
 “maquoddy Islands; indeed poor man he is too infirm to attend to any 
 “ business and some active man should be appointed.” 
 
 From this account of our Agent I fear we can place but little de¬ 
 pendence upon his exertions respecting our fishery law, and I wish the 
 Northumberland Petition may be forwarded with a proper letter as soon as 
 possible, or I fear all our labour may be in vain. Another agent must 
 certainly be appointed next session!. I am glad to find that there was 
 no foundation for the report of the King’s death. 
 
 Ward Chipman. 
 
 Ward Chipman to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Thursday Morning, 10 March, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Upon looking over the dispatches to Gen’l Hunter, 
 which W. Hazen has permitted me to do, my only objection to them is 
 that by tbem it might appear' to he a matter of perfect indifference to the 
 
 *In response to a memorial signed by a large number of citizens the St. 
 John common council voted £100 for the expense of sending Samuel Denny 
 Street to England with a petition against the act of the New Brunswick legis¬ 
 lature granting the right of fishery along the Portland shore to Messrs. Hazen, 
 Simonds and White and their tenants. 
 
 fThe House of Assembly on July 29, 1808, passed a vote of thanks to William 
 and Thomas Knox for their services as joint agents of the Province; also the resolu¬ 
 tion following:—“Whereas it is thought to be necessary to the interests of the 
 Province that the Provincial Agent in Great Britain should reside in or near London 
 for the purpose of more ready and speedy access to the public officials in attending 
 to the business appertaining to such agency; Resolved that Edward Goldstone 
 Lutwyche be appointed the Agent of this Province in Great Britain.” The Council 
 concurred in the appointment. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 embodied Militia themselves whether they should be retained or dismissed, 
 whereas so far as respects the militia here, after the general order of the 
 late president respecting their dismission, my opinion is that if an attempt 
 should be made to hold them for .a month longer time they would dis¬ 
 embody themselves and take all consequences. Be assured the detach¬ 
 ment here will not be satisfied to continue embodied after the fishery and 
 planting season come on, or are near approaching, and I doubt whether 
 they will many days after the expiration of the time limited in the late 
 President’s order, for they consider the faith of Government pledged to 
 them for their dismission at that time, and even a small extension of it 
 would be submitted to only from the expectation of receiving their pay 
 within such short period. * * * Whatever may be the necessity at 
 
 Halifax of keeping the militia together there for local purposes, such as 
 working, &c, there is no such case here, and in a conversation with Capt. 
 Simpson two days ago he expressed his opinion without reserve that he 
 thought the militia might be discharged for two or three months; and 
 this is the universal opinion here. * * * 
 
 The disgrace, the dishonor to the Province would be indelible, should 
 the militia determine for themselves upon this occasion; and yet their pre¬ 
 sent sentiments here, aided by representations I fear from many among 
 us, who would not be displeased at such an event, lead me to have .serious 
 apprehensions. 
 
 * * * You see I cannot have done upon this subject. I think a 
 
 letter to General Hunter should follow Hazen with as little delay as pos¬ 
 sible with some information to the foregoing effect. * * * 
 
 &c., &c., W. C. 
 
 George Heriot to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 11th March, 1808. 
 
 My dear Sir,— On the 9th instant I was favored with your friendly 
 letter of the 16th ultimo, acquainting me with the death of Col. Ludlow 
 and of the change that had taken place in consequence of that event. I 
 heartily congratulate you on your succession to the Honorable and distin¬ 
 guished situation of President of the provincial government. 
 
 The militia of this province has not yet been either embodied or paid, 
 as such a measure was considered unnecessary, there appearing no sufficient 
 cause to justify the expence which would have been thereby incurred. 
 Should it be thought expedient not to continue any longer embodied for 
 the present, that part of your militia which has been kept on pay during 
 the winter, the approach of Spring, when it is essential to pursue the 
 labours of Agriculture, and the favorable reports concerning the state of 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 609 
 
 the negotiations between the British and American Governments, seem to 
 present a very plausible reason for disembodying it; at the same time it 
 will no doubt be understood that the militia, in case of any emergency, will 
 be ready to re-assemble on the shortest notice. 
 
 I am fully persuaded that there are very few who are so capable as 
 you are of discharging the duties of the arduous situation which has de¬ 
 volved on you, and as there does not appear to be much of party or oppo¬ 
 sition in your province, I hope you will have no cause of anxiety. 
 
 I very often reflect with pleasure on the agreeable days I passed in 
 New Brunswick, and on the beautiful and picturesque scenery exhibited 
 by the banks of the St. John, which I think is the most romantic river I 
 ever viewed, and of whose bold and varied landscapes I have a great num¬ 
 ber of sketches*. 
 
 I hope the negotiations with America will terminate amicably, and 
 that these provinces will continue to enjoy the blessings and advantages 
 df tranquility. 
 
 With every good wish and with sentiments of esteem, I am, my dear 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Most faithfully yours, 
 
 Geo. Heriot. 
 
 Charles J. Peters to Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 17th March, 1808. 
 
 My Dear Sir,—I am certain you cannot doubt the assertion, when I 
 declare there is no one of your friends who can feel himself more rejoiced 
 than myself at the happy turn in the wheel of fortune which has placed 
 you at the head of the Administration of the Province. 
 
 I am rejoiced in proportion as I personally felt indignation at the 
 unmerited, unrelenting and unjust persecution you suffered but a short 
 time since. That scene is no doubt in your mind forgotten and forgiven, 
 but the impression on mine is indelible. It formed an era in my life ever 
 to be remembered, as I have reason to fear the extremity of proceedings 
 was in a great measure owing to my inexperience and inability to conduct 
 a cause of such magnitude and novelty. Pardon me for recurring to what 
 is passed, and being gone should be forgotten, but the Idea is so imme¬ 
 diately superinduced by what is present that I could not forego the obser¬ 
 vation. 
 
 I have heretofore postponed throwing in my small portion of con¬ 
 gratulation by letter in the hope and confident expectation of seeing you 
 in Saint John, as I was given to understand by Mr. Chipman, when he 
 
 *This collection of sketches, if in existence, should be of the greatest pos¬ 
 sible interest to New Brunswickers. 
 
610 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1808 
 
 returned from Fredericton, you intend to reside with us during the break¬ 
 ing up of the River. 
 
 Allow me to conclude this scrawl with a wish for your own sake — 
 and for the sake of the Province, that you may long retain the Presidential 
 chair. 
 
 Your greatly obliged Friend, 
 
 - Charles J. Peters. 
 
 George Leonard to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Sunday, 27th March, 1808. 
 
 My dear Friend,—You and I have been too long in the habit of friend¬ 
 ship, and I may add brotherly affection, to make profession necessary. 
 * * * The Government at home will now he satisfied with your charge 
 
 of this Province, and will not trouble themselves in sending any one out 
 in the stead of Gen’l Carleton, whom they will suffer to remain as long as 
 he pleases. Poor Upham will never see this Country again, the last ac¬ 
 counts were too forlorn for his friends even to hope. * * * 
 
 [In the passage here omitted, Mr. Leonard offers to resume Command 
 of the Kings County Militia, but does not know where to find another 
 man to act with him, and he deplores the lack of prominent public men 
 in Kings County. He continues as follows :] 
 
 Such is the want of common understanding in official matters in that 
 County it was thought proper to nominate Mr. Arnold* as a magistrate, 
 in a full Council while you was in England, and fully approved of. When 
 Coffin is absent from the Court of Sessions there is no one now capable of 
 opening the Court. He thinks with me that Arnold is the most proper 
 man to be placed on the Bench with him and desired me to write to you on 
 the subject and also joins with Arnold in Henry’s j being a magistrate, as 
 Mr. Regan in that part of the Country declines doing any duty. These 
 are appointments which cannot cause envy but thanks from the public. 
 
 The mail has this moment arrived from Halifax. My son writes that 
 Hazen will obtain what money he may require, and that the Hunter f 
 will bring it round, by this time he is on his way with it. I hope the 
 Militia will be persuaded to stay and receive their pay, their impatience 
 to return is inconceivable at the time they say was promised them. * * * 
 
 I am with great faithfulness, 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
 *The Rev. Oliver Arnold of Sussex. 
 
 fHis son, Henry Leonard. 
 
 JThe Hunter was an armed schooner in the service of the superintendent of 
 trade and fisheries. Besides cruising on the coast she carried government de¬ 
 spatches to Bermuda in January of this year, brought thence the December 
 mail from England, and after bringing the money to pay the embodied militia 
 of New Brunswick was sent to the coasts to prevent illicit trade. , George 
 Leonard’s salary as superintendent of trade and fisheries was £200 per annum. 
 
1808J WINSLOW PAPERS. Bll 
 
 Ward Chipman to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 30 March, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Hazen has lately written me from Halifax “That 
 from the General’s conversation he concluded that the Gen’l had advised 
 you to comply with the late President’s promise and not to make any dis¬ 
 tinction between the terms of the St. John Militia and those at Frederic¬ 
 ton.” Also “That Sir John W. has received a letter from Lord Castlereagh 
 approving fully of the measures which he has adopted respecting the N. 
 S. Militia -and assuring him that directions had been sent down to the 
 Treasury to pay the draft which he might find it necessary to make.” 
 
 I immediately furnished Col. Wetmore with the above extracts, in 
 the hope that by his communicating them the Militia would be made 
 contented to wait quietly for the orders for their dismissal from you, but 
 it was all without effect — several of them went off the next day, and a 
 party to bring them back was immediately dispatched but I understand 
 has since returned with only two of them. The rest of the Militia re¬ 
 mained quiet till yesterday morning, when they went off in bodies to the 
 number of 40 in all, and the residue remain only for time for an express 
 to be dispatched from Fredericton, which they suppose will be immediately 
 sent off, as soon as you receive the dispatches from Halifax for their dis¬ 
 missal. Should they be disappointed in this they also will I am told 
 follow the example of the others. I believe they would all have been 
 prevailed upon to remain till the arrival of the orders they are now in ex¬ 
 pectation of for their dismissal, had it not been for the orders received 
 last week for their being drilled by the non-commissioned officers of the 
 regiment here. Had such an order been issued in the first instance, and 
 had there been convenient rooms to drill them in, as at Fredericton, it 
 would I have no doubt have been cheerfully submitted to, but at the 
 moment almost when they expected to be dismissed, to be subjected to 
 this drill upon the open parade at a season, tho’ not very inclement, yet 
 not altogether adapted for such exercise, occasioned in their minds very 
 alarming suspicions that it was not only intended not to dismiss, but that 
 it was preparatory to an attempt to make soldiers of them With men 
 whose fears and anxieties are so much alive, and kept alive by the mis¬ 
 chievous insinuations of others here, it would have been in vain to attempt 
 to reason, though I believe it was attempted. 
 
 Those of the Militia that remain are I believe considered of so little 
 effect that Major McCarthy has relieved from the regiment the guards 
 they have been accustomed to mount. The pay roll of the Militia was 
 rendered a very feeble tie, as the most, if not all of them, had received 
 the amount of it by credits obtained for them by their officers at the 
 stores in town. This circumstances will render it a very serious question 
 
612 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 whether their pay shall be forfeited/ by their abandonment of their posts 
 in the manner they have done. Indeed that part of the order of the last 
 week which held up a forfeiture of their pay as a consequence of their 
 quitting their duty before they should be regularly dismissed, was, I un¬ 
 derstand, from prudential considerations not communicated to them, as 
 being more calculated to irritate them than to reconcile them to a com¬ 
 pliance with it. There has been a fatality attending this business from 
 the beginning, for which you are by no means responsible, and yet it has 
 brought you into difficulties of a very serious and perplexing nature. 
 
 I had determined not to pester you with anything more upon the sub¬ 
 ject, for it has I do assure you been with extreme reluctance that I have 
 already given you so much trouble on this occasion, but I felt that I should 
 be wanting in my affection for you and the interest I must and shall ever 
 take in everything that respects your administration, if I had said less. 
 I most certainly would not have written this letter had I not learned from 
 Major McCarthy yesterday, a circumstance altogether unknown here, that 
 General Hunter has recommended a new draught of the Militia to take 
 place immediately. Jf by this is meant anything more than a draught of a 
 farther number to hold themselves in readiness to march when danger shall 
 require it, or after the planting season shall be over, I hesitate not to say 
 that it will be utterly impracticable to carry it into effect in this part "of 
 of the Province. I have no doubt that they will submit to all the con¬ 
 sequences of the law sooner than obey such an order: they will submit to 
 be committed to Gaol if you can find Gaols that will hold them. 
 
 The speech of Sir James Craig has had a very unfortunate tendency 
 in this respect; they will not believe that there can be greater occasion for 
 calling out the Militia here than there is in Canada, and unfortunately 
 the late President declared that he had been over-persuaded to call out 
 the Militia at the time he did. They therefore have all along considered 
 the measure as merely calculated to give pay to a few officers who were 
 importunate. 
 
 The words of our Act are, “In case of any invasion or sudden attack 
 made or threatened to be made by the Enemy.” * * * 
 
 The popular opinion is that the case has never yet existed and does 
 not now exist, which authorizes the calling out of the Militia under the 
 Act. But setting this question aside, let us for a moment consider the 
 expediency of the measure. In England express provision is made in the 
 Militia Acts, so far as I have been informed, for I have not seen them, 
 that the men shall be dismissed to their homes in seed time and in har¬ 
 vest. Now in this Province such is the dearth of labour that agriculture 
 is with great difficulty carried on, even with all the labour, that can be 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 613 
 
 commanded in the Country, and the consequence of any considerable pro¬ 
 portion, even one quarter of the population being called off, must occasion 
 proportional distress in a country which depends upon itself for bread, 
 and with a command of all the labour can with difficulty supply it. Con¬ 
 sider the case in this City, three-quarters of the Inhabitants depend upon 
 the fisheries during the three ensuing months for their subsistence for the 
 year. Under these circumstances, and under the impressions they have 
 respecting the law, I have no doubt that in the Country they will pay 
 their fines or go to Gaol, in case of being drafted for immediate service, and 
 twice the amount of the fines would not hire a substitute at this season. 
 But notwithstanding all this were there * * [Kemainder missing.] 
 
 Alexander Taylor to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Burnside, Miramichi, Ap’l, 1808. 
 
 Hon’ble Sir,—Since writing the other papers herewith sent (the bearer 
 being obliged to return after proceeding two days on his journey, the ice 
 breaking up) a thought hath forcibly struck me, viz., to visit Great Britain, 
 and my reason is I am but like a stranger here, and there I am not so. 
 
 My ancestors for seven centurys back were of consanguinity to His 
 Grace the Duke of Gordon (North Britain) and his ancestors, and held of 
 them and him a very handsome fen of land close by their castle. This 
 small estate descended lineally from five Major Gordons down to my mother 
 Helen Gordon and from her to me: but when I came of age and found my 
 parents much troubled in mind how to bring up such an extensive family, 
 I consented to let the land be sold and a will to be made agreeable to their 
 wish. They made a very generous allowance to me, but I was very un¬ 
 fortunate, for in the course of seven years thereafter I scarce could com¬ 
 mand one shilling. I was advised to apply to his Grace aforesaid, but 
 my heart was too great, and hearing such vogue and encouragement about 
 this place, I went privately to the Minister who Baptised me and got a 
 certificate of my behaviour and character, and set out for here with a wife 
 and six children. Now Sir what makes me think that I would find friends 
 there is this. In the first place this noble family all along did honor to 
 all my ancestors, and when I came to this country, the present Duke and 
 his son, the Marquis of Huntley, did aliment my mother after my father’s 
 death, and when she died had her honorably interred. Moreover one of 
 my sisters did nurse the Duchess of Manchester and Dutchess of Bedford 
 in England, who are both daughters of His Grace the Duke of Gordon, 
 and also did dry nurse the Marquis of Huntley, and these nobility have 
 taken such notice of my said sister that they allow her everything that she 
 can personally ask, and hath placed every child she has in fine places. 
 
614 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1808 
 
 In short Sir will you wance more do me the honor to approve or dis¬ 
 approve of my thoughts, as I am very consciencions to myself that since 
 I have been in this country I have never made any steps of consequence 
 without first soliciting your advice. * * * 
 
 I would not hesitate upon leaving this place of uncertainty and de¬ 
 pend on the assistance of such men as I have mentioned, hut alas what 
 comfort can I expect to have in another comer, and leave here ten sons 
 and two daughters and above 150 of my nearest in kin, all which, with 
 many others, I have been the sole instrument of bringing to this coun¬ 
 try ? If I am drove to the necessity I shall have to humbly beg your 
 Honor’s certificate of my conduct and stations I have occupied while 
 here,— & with many other honors & favours conferred on me I shall all- 
 wavs he hound to be Sir, 
 
 Your Honor’s mo. obedient and 
 Most Humble servant, 
 
 Alex. Taylor. 
 
 T < 
 
 Chief Justice Blowers to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, April 2, 1808. 
 
 I sincerely congratulate you, my dear Sir, and the province of Hew 
 Brunswick, on your elevation to the Seat of Government, and I hope you 
 will remain in it long enough to acquire no small share both of honor and 
 emolument, and that your administration will furnish a good example to 
 whoever may succeed you. If such should be the case you may shake 
 hands with your successor, come when he may, with the utmost com¬ 
 placency, and return'to your former station with the feeling and senti¬ 
 ment which the consciousness of well-doing always inspires. I wish to 
 God such may be the situation of our pleasant little knight when he ar¬ 
 rives. Do you know Sir Geo. Prevost*, whom the English papers say is 
 appointed Governor of Nova Scotia? He is said to he'the son of that 
 Gen’l Prevost who defended Georgia during the Revolutionary War, and 
 the same who repulsed the French at Dominique; and he is said by the 
 Military here, that I have heard speak of him, to he clever and a sharp 
 exact officer. I hope he is neither needy or rapacious, and that his pay 
 and emoluments will he sufficient for his wants. He must he very good 
 
 *The prospect of war with the United States seems to have led the home 
 government to place military men at the head of affairs in the British American 
 provinces. At this time Sir James H. Craig was lieutenant governor of Lower 
 Canada, Sir George Prevost lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia, and General 
 Martin Hunter administrator of government in New Brunswick. Sir George 
 Prevost is said to have been “a veteran Swiss officer.” His appointment as 
 lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia was dated Jan. 15, 1808, and he arrived in 
 Halifax to take up the duties of his office on April 7th of the same year. In 
 1811 he was governor general of Canada in succession to Sir James H. Craig. 
 
Hon. Sampson Salter Blowers. 
 
 Chief Justice of Nova Scotia. 
 
 N. S.l 
 
■ 
 
 : 
 
 ■i 
 
 
 % 
 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 615 
 
 tempered, easy and affable to replace Sir J. W. [Wentworth]* in those 
 respects. I fear his appointment will be fatal to the nomination of Mr. 
 Charles Wentworth to the office of Secretary, which in this province is 
 worth - £1,000 a year currency, taking one year with another. 
 
 The serious and sudden illness of your Chief Justice, in the present 
 state of your Supreme Court, will probably be the occasion of much in¬ 
 convenience. Mr. Hazen tells me there is only Mr. Justice Saunders who 
 can sit, for he seems to suppose that your being in the Chair and having 
 the powers of the Chancery Court will prevent your taking your seat on 
 the Common Law Bench. There is however no incompatability in the 
 case, and there are examples in England of the places of Chancellor and 
 Chief Justice being held by one and the same person, particularly in Lord 
 Hardwiche, who held both for some time. Unless you sit yourself or ap¬ 
 point an assistant Justice ad interim, there may be a danger of a general 
 discontinuance of all the pending suits, which in this province would be 
 productive of great confusion and much real injury. But you will be well 
 advised on this head, and will do that which is right, which is generally, 
 if not always, that which is best. 
 
 As exertion has often proved salutary to your crippled Limbs, I hope 
 you will find a benefit from the bustle which your situation must neces¬ 
 sarily occasion, and that you will not suffer an anxiety of mind to exhaust 
 and wear you down. I should not be so free with my advice, if I did not 
 feel very much interested in your success and comfort. 
 
 You will see by the King’s speech, and the extracts from English 
 papers, that there is a firmness and energy in Great Britain as well as such 
 astonishing resources, as may safely set at defiance the naval power of the 
 whole world confederated against her, and carry her through the war with 
 great glory. I shall be deceived in my conjectures if the present state of 
 affairs should not tend to cool the courage of President J. [efferson] while 
 it increases the strength and power of those who oppose his measures. Sir 
 John Wentworth told me that Mr. Rose has said that notwithstanding the 
 suspension of the negotiation, he did not despair of its terminating in an 
 amicable adjustment of all differences between our Government and the 
 TJ. States. If the Americans would cordially unite with us and heartily 
 co-operate on our side, there can be little doubt of the complete and speedy 
 dissolution of the confederacy against us and of a safe and honorable peace. 
 May we live to see and to enjoy the blessing with all its attendant bene- 
 .fits. 
 
 God bless you. The Ladies are well and most cordially interested in 
 your welfare and prosperity. 
 
 I am very sincerely yours, 
 
 S. S. Blowers. 
 
 *Sir John Wentworth on his retirement from the lieutenant governorship 
 took up his residence at the Prince’s Lodge. The place was visited by the 
 Prince of Wales, our present sovereign, in 1860. 
 
616 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 President Edward Winslow to Sir James H. Craig. 
 
 Fredericton, 4th April, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—From local considerations every event which concerns the de¬ 
 fence of New Brunswick must he in some degree interesting to the Com¬ 
 mander in Chief in Canada. Under this impression I consider myself at 
 liberty to detail the following circumstances. 
 
 When I succeeded to the command in this province, I found a number 
 of Militia embodied (about 800) for whom provisions were issued and 
 Barracks provided by Major General Hunter’s order; and by an order of 
 the late President (published the 22nd January) the detachment at St. 
 John were to be dismissed on the 28th of March. But unfortunately my 
 predecessor had not taken any steps to procure money for paying the ex¬ 
 pence. Thus embarrassed I considered it my duty to draw bills on His 
 Majesty’s Treasury for the amount of the expences already incurred and 
 (not being able to dispose of them here without a large discount) I sent 
 the paymaster to Halifax where, I understand, he has negociated the bills 
 and is returning with the money. And I notified the Detachment at St. 
 John that the faith of Government thus pledged by the late President 
 should not be violated, but that they should be permitted to return to 
 their homes immediately, and an order to this effect has since been issued. 
 
 Although the other detachments were not in the same predicament 
 (as to limitation of time) it was obvious that this partial indulgence created 
 much discontent and uneasiness. Influenced by the opinions which I have 
 recently received, some from high authority, that a war is not likely im¬ 
 mediately to ensue; contemplating also the extreme distress which must 
 result from keeping so many active labourers from the performance of 
 the duties of agriculture, and the very heavy expence to Government, I 
 determined to extend the indulgence to the whole of the embodied 
 Militia — and your Excellency will allow me to add one other motive 
 which operated upon my mind. I had seen in your speech to the Legis¬ 
 lative Council and House of Assembly in Canada the strong evidence of 
 your paternal care and of your benevolent attention to the welfare of the 
 People, and I was ambitious to imitate your example. 
 
 It is my design to give the Militia a short respite, and then to re¬ 
 quire a new draft to replace those which have disbanded, but to suffer 
 them to remain at home until such an emergency as our Militia law con¬ 
 templates shall render it necessary for them to be again embodied. And 
 I shall make the most vigorous exertions to have the new draft in parti¬ 
 cular, and as well the Militia generally, so disciplined as to render them 
 useful, and in effecting this object I expect to derive great advantages from 
 the experience of those officers and men who have been steadily drilled 
 during the winter and are now dispersed through the several counties in 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 617 
 
 the province, nor have I the least doubt that every man in the Militia will 
 turn out with alacrity whenever their services are required. 
 
 Above the Grand Falls there is a compact and flourishing settlement 
 called Madawaska. As the line was settled by Commissioners it appears 
 to interesect the St. John between the Grand Falls and Madawaska, and 
 thus the village of Madawaska is thrown into the American States. But 
 tho’ the territory may be theirs, the jurisdiction remains with us, and these 
 people hold their lands by our patents and are governed by our laws. 
 They have made an explicit tender of their services to me, and at their 
 own request, I have appointed Pierre Dupeirre (a man of some consider¬ 
 ation among them) to be Captain of the Militia. The situation of the 
 place renders it in some degree an object to secure these people. And I 
 regret that I have not the means of counteracting the insidious attempts 
 of the Americans to seduce into their connection a number of Indians who 
 are scattered about in that direction of country, and who in case of accident 
 may become mischievous. 
 
 I shall keep my eye fixed on your Excellency’s movements and shall 
 be governed by them as far as circumstances will allow. 
 
 I have the honor to be 
 
 Your Excellency’s devoted & faithful serv’t, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Colonel Saunders to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton, April 12th, 1808. 
 
 Sir,—I am sorry to be obliged to request a General Court Martial for 
 the purpose of trying two Deserters who were brought in this morning, 
 the conduct of one of them was so audacious and mutinous that I was 
 obliged to order him to be committed to gaol. I could have wished to 
 avoid having one in this late stage of Militia matters, but I find it to be 
 indispensably necessary, and it will have a very salutary effect upon the 
 next draft. 
 
 I have the honor to be, Sir, 
 
 Your very faithful and obedient humble servant, 
 
 John Saunders, 
 
 Col. Y. M. Bangers. 
 
618 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 l 1808 
 
 Memorial of Garret Clopper. 
 
 To His Honor Edward Winslow. Esq’r, President of His Majesty’s Council 
 
 and Commander in Chief of the Province of New Brunswick, &c., 
 
 &c., &c., 
 
 The memorial of Garret Clopper* Esq’r humbly sheweth. 
 
 That your Memorialist at an early period of the late Revolutionary war en¬ 
 tered into His Majesty’s service, and joined the Regiment of New 
 York Volunteers commanded by Lieut. Colo. Turnbull and served faith¬ 
 fully until the peace of 1783, during which time he executed the duties of 
 Lieutenant and Quarter Master, and received pay in both capacities. 
 
 That your Memorialist on a more recent occasion during the exist¬ 
 ence of the late Regiment of New Brunswick Provincials did also serve 
 His Majesty as Lieutenant and Quarter Master, until they were disbanded 
 in 1802, and received pay in both capacities. 
 
 That your Memorialist on the' present occasion of embodying the 
 Militia has again come forward, with a zeal and promptness that will never 
 desert him when the good of His Majesty’s service is in question, has par¬ 
 tially neglected his other pursuits, which are various tho’ not lucrative, 
 and has undertaken the arduous task of arranging and quartering a Militia 
 Corps. 
 
 Your Memorialist will only add that he has served His Majesty in 
 Military and Civil capacities since September, 1776. Your Memorialist 
 therefore prays your Honor will take his peculiar case into your serious 
 consideration and that your Honor will be pleased to order that your 
 Memorialist may, as in the former wars he has served in, receive pay as a 
 Lieutenant and as a Quarter Master in the present embodied Militia. And 
 your Memorialist as in duty bound will ever pray. 
 
 Garret Clopper. 
 
 Fredericton, 13th Ap’l, 1808. 
 
 Order for Disbanding Militia. 
 
 April 24th, 1808. 
 
 His Honor the President cannot dismiss the embodied Militia under 
 the command of the Hon’ble Col. Saunders at Fredericton, without express¬ 
 ing the high sense which he entertains of the unremitted exertions of 
 Col. Saunders, Major Bliss and the other officers of the detachment. By 
 their steady perseverance a corps has been formed and disciplined which, 
 had the threatened hostilities taken place, could not have failed to render 
 essential service in defending the Country. His Honor is also sensible of 
 the Loyalty and zeal which the non-commissioned officers and private men 
 
 *See biographical note under date Jan. 2, 1794. 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 619 
 
 of this detachment have evinced by the readiness with which they entered 
 the service and by their orderly and regular conduct (a few instances ex¬ 
 cepted) ever since they were embodied. 
 
 His Honor is pleased to order that the detachment be discharged from 
 any further duty at present, and that the officers and men shall be and 
 are hereby permitted to return to their respective homes immediately. 
 
 The paymaster will be directed to settle with and pay them up to this 
 day, and seven days in advance, to carry them home agreeable to the rates 
 prescribed by the law of the province under which they have been called 
 out. It is however to be understood that those men of the Detachment, 
 who have not performed their whole tour of duty, will be liable to make 
 up their deficiency whenever His Majesty’s service may render it neces¬ 
 sary. 
 
 (Signed) Edward Winslow. 
 
 President Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow Jr. 
 
 Kingsclear, 26th April, 1808. 
 
 Your last letters my dear Edward have afforded me the highest possible 
 satisfaction. To hear of your late arrival in England, your kind reception 
 and final success relieved me from a burden which had become almost in¬ 
 supportable. I will now make an explicit declaration, which I think will 
 give you pleasure, which is that when the proposal of procuring you a 
 cadetship in India was originally made by the amiable and benevolent Mrs. 
 Weltden, I consented to it because I could more easily reconcile myself to 
 the idea (dreadful as it was) of never seeing you again than of being a 
 continual witness of the discouragements to which you must have been 
 exposed had you remained in this country. Had there been a single avenue 
 open which could possibly have led you to a bare competence, I never 
 would have inflicted such a wound upon my own heart as I experienced at 
 parting with you. * * I now rejoice my dear son that you had an 
 
 opportunity of relinquishing the cadetship and that you have obtained a 
 situation the duties of which you must be competent to perform with 
 honour to yourself. That you are under the protection of the worthy 
 Captain Weltden is a consideration that compleats my happiness on this 
 occasion. * * * 
 
 The girls I presume have informed you that by the death of Colonel 
 Ludlow I succeeded, as Senior Member of the Council, to the office of 
 President & Commander in Chief of the province, & altho’ that situation 
 continued but for a single quarter, it afforded me an opportunity of effect¬ 
 ing some objects of considerable importance. My predecessor, under the 
 expectation of hostilities with the Americans, had called out 1,000 of the 
 Militia & had officered them, formed them into two battalions under the 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 command of Col. Saunders & Lt. Col. Wetmore, & a detachment was sta¬ 
 tioned at Fredericton, another at St. John, and a 3d at St. Andrews under 
 Col. Mackay. They were crammed into Barracks & drilled and disciplined 
 in the true style of soldiers. At Fredericton your old Theatre was con¬ 
 verted into a famous barracks. Thus arranged I found them. The 
 country was of course deprived of one quarter part of the men who had 
 hitherto been engaged in the pursuit of agriculture, & who when they were 
 all employ’d could not raise a sufficiency of bread for their families. As 
 the Spring approached misery and want seemed to stare them in the face. 
 Yever for a moment believing that the Americans had a design to invade 
 this country, I thought it my duty to disband them, and on the 24th inst. 
 they were all sent huzzaing and shouting to their own homes. The gen¬ 
 tlemen who have been employed as officers are disappointed by this 
 measure, but I’ve the satisfaction to find that among the judicious and dis¬ 
 interested part of the community it is highly applauded, and I have no 
 doubt that it will meet the approbation of His Majesty’s Ministers. 
 
 General Hunter is expected in about a fortnight to take the command 
 of the province, civil and military, to which he was appointed previous to 
 the death of Col. Ludlow. I shall then return to my seat on the bench and, 
 if my salary is augmented to £500 as we are informed, I shall be able to 
 procure the necessaries of life for my numerous family, and beyond that 
 my ambition does not soar just at this time. Your friend Charles Lee has 
 been employed here as Adjutant in which station he has not acquired a 
 great deal of fame. Capt. John Allen has gained much credit and he lays 
 down* his regimentals with much regret. The calling out of the Militia 
 had, as you may suppose, a fatal effect upon the lumber contracts. All 
 those fine lads who were hitherto employed in Mr. Miller’s service were 
 among the embodied Militia & I believe Miller does not send a single raft 
 to St. John this Spring. How he gets on I know not. Mr. H. Smith 
 and himself have entered into a co-partnership to carry on the potash busi¬ 
 ness and they have engaged Mr. Crotty as their manager. * * * 
 
 The trade of the town is now collected into a very small compass 
 around the barracks. The whole Fencible Corps is here & the 101st at 
 St. John. 
 
 Your mother joins in the most anxious solicitude for your welfare and 
 the most ardent prayers for your safe return. 
 
 - Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow Jr. to President Winslow. 
 
 London, Bull Inn, Aldgate St. 
 
 Monday, 2nd May, 1808. 
 
 My dear Father,—On Saturday I was desired to attend at the India 
 House for the dispatches for the “Indus,” where I waited from 12 o’clock 
 
1808 j 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 621 
 
 till seven in the even’g, & was then told that they conld not be made up 
 till this morn’g early. I therefore came into town last night & attended 
 again at the India House at 7 this morning when they told me they would 
 be ready for me immediately, I accordingly ordered a chaise instantly — 
 but here I am yet, and it’s now ten o’clock; however I expect a Summons 
 every moment & (as I must get to Portsmouth by 7 o’clock this even’g, to 
 save post) I don’t care how soon. As I am the only purser in the fleet 
 that was not dispatched on Saturday, I suppose we shall have but a very 
 short time at Portsmouth — perhaps too short to give me an opp’y of 
 writing my very dear Sisters, &c; to my Mother I will at all events write. 
 Col. Lutwyche & Mrs. Weltden have promised to give you a very minute 
 account of me. I hope my father you do not think that I have been 
 negligent about writing, if you knew how much I had done for these two 
 months past, you would not I’m sure. 
 
 Say to Pen & Hannah that I shall not forget their goodness. I rec’d 
 two letters from H. & one from P, also one from you last week — but in¬ 
 deed I have not time to make a remark upon them now — tell the girls 
 if I don’t write from Portsmouth it shall not be my fault. 
 
 To my very much esteemed Mr. Miller & his wife, Cousin Hannah 
 & the rest of my friends and relations I heg to be most affectionately 
 remember’d. I pray to GOD & trust that my mother has recovered. That 
 He may bless & preserve you all shall never cease to be the earnest prayer 
 of 
 
 Your most affectionate Son, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 William Knox to President Edward Winslow. 
 
 Ealing, 4th May, 1808. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I have great pleasure in congratulating your Honor upon 
 your accession to the Command of the province, in which I flatter myself 
 we shall have the satisfaction of your continuance for some time, as I find 
 from General Carleton that he feels it impossible for him to go out dur¬ 
 ing Gen’l Craig’s residence in Canada as Governor General, and the repre¬ 
 sentations we have made at the Secretary of States office of the sufficiency 
 of the present President of the Council will I trust remove all apprehen¬ 
 sions of the public affairs suffering for the want of a Lieutenant Governor. 
 The Instruction for granting Lands, which it was so difficult to obtain and 
 was so long delayed, will I hope have reached your hands some time before 
 you receive this, as I have been assured at the Secretary of State’s office 
 that it was sent out, with a similar one for Nova Scotia, before General 
 Craig sailed, and we Planters must all feel happy that the execution of His 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1808 
 
 Majesty’s pleasure has fallen into your hands. It will he an agreeable cir¬ 
 cumstance in the opening of your Administration to be able to inform the 
 other branches of the Legislature of the liberality of parliament to the 
 Chief and Puisne Judges,, as I was yesterday assured the addition to their 
 salaries, so earnestly solicited by Judge Upham, is entered in the estimate 
 prepared for Parliament. I wish the worthy magistrate may live long to 
 enjoy his portion, but he has passed a severe winter, both from climate 
 and disease. 
 
 I mentioned in my letter of last month that we had failed in sup¬ 
 porting the Bill for ascertaining the right of Fishery. The Master of the 
 Rolls was unfortunately one of the Committee of Council who had to 
 determine upon it, and he is too good a Lawyer to permit a Provincial 
 Legislature to abrogate a Law of England*. 
 
 The American States embargo must be highly advantageous to New 
 Brunswick in many respects. A great emigration of ship-wrights, sailors, 
 and fishermen must take place, as well as of other settlers, now that you 
 can accommodate them with lands. All your fish and products must find 
 a ready market in the West Indies and cheap returns. In short it will 
 effectually give you all the advantages the Navigation Laws intended you 
 should have. 
 
 The Liverpool merchants, who are always the most alert of British 
 Traders, have taken up an effectual mode of evading the American Pro¬ 
 hibition and the embargo also by sending their ships and merchandize, to 
 St. Andrews, instead of St. John, as from thence it is most easy to smuggle 
 into the United States and their ships lie out of the reach of the embargo. 
 I applaud Jefferson very much, as an Englishman and especially as a New 
 Brunswick Agent and Planter, for the measure of the embargo, as it dis¬ 
 appoints Bonaparte’s expectations of the Americans carrying the produce 
 of the French and Spanish West Indies to his countries, and raises our 
 continental colonies at the expence of the American States. I hope it 
 will continue during the war with France and I have no apprehensions 
 of our being at war with the States. 
 
 As I do not know whether there be any committee of correspondence 
 subsisting, I do not write to them at present, but if there be, you will be 
 pleased to communicate such parts of this letter as you may think fit to 
 the other members. 
 
 *The principle on which this decision was based was that of the non-exist¬ 
 ence of private rights in navigable waters. William Hazen in 1805 brought an 
 action for trespass against certain persons for taking possession of a weir on 
 the flats east of Portland Point, where he had taken fish for many years. He, 
 however, lost his case, Chief Justice Ludlow directing the jury to find a verdict 
 for the defendants on the ground that the water east of Portland Point was a 
 navigable arm of the sea, and the fishery in consequence common to all. Mr. 
 Hazen deemed this unfair, claiming to have been for forty years in possession 
 of the weir, and to have vested rights in the fishery there. 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 623 
 
 I hope my old servants Inwood and his wife with their children and 
 apprentice, whom I sent in the Flora from Liverpool to settle npon my 
 lands> have arrived safe, and I beg leave to recommend them to your 
 Honor’s protection. When I am informed of the extent of what is granted 
 me, I shall make more important arrangements. 
 
 I am with the greatest regard and esteem 
 
 Your Honor’s most faithful & obedient servant, 
 
 Will. Knox. 
 
 [The foregoing letter is written by an amanuensis and signed by Mr. 
 Knox in rather a feeble hand. At the time Edward Winslow was Admin¬ 
 istrator of New Brunswick his old friend, Sir John Wentworth, had been 
 retired from the position of Lt. Gov’r.’of Nova Scotia. See Murdoch’s Hist. 
 N. S., Yol. Ill, p. 278.] 
 
 Lieut. Gov. Carleton to Edward Winslow. 
 
 London 4th July, 1808. 
 
 Dear Colonel,—I received your letter of the 8th of March. Sproule’s 
 name I was vexed to see recommended for a seat in Council as Mr. Wind¬ 
 ham in person assured me about a year ago that he should he appointed 
 without loss of time, and I took it for granted that it had been done long 
 since. I stated however to Lord Castlereagh what had passed between me 
 and Mr. W. respecting Sproule and urged his appointment and that of 
 Hailes for the other vacancy, but have received no answer. 
 
 Upham I have not seen for a year and did suppose he was returned to 
 N. B. until I learned by letters from thence that he is still here. Mrs. 
 Jones told me the other day that he was with Colonel Lutwitch, I hope he 
 will not he in a hurry to join you. 
 
 We heard from William lately off Corunna: he says they have got 
 pilots on hoard to take them into the Harbor. The noble spirit that has 
 broke out in Spain and communicated to Portugal will, it is to be hoped, 
 revive the drooping spirits of Europe. 
 
 The Ladies join in good wishes to you and yours. 
 
 I am yours &c, 
 
 Thos. Carleton. 
 
 The Elder Edward Winslow’s Daughters. 
 
 On Sunday, June 5, 1808, a fire broke out in the house occupied by 
 the two sisters of Judge Winslow and, the wind being fresh, the whole 
 building was speedily in a blaze and it was impossible to save more than 
 a few articles of furniture. By the kindness of Hon. Jonathan Odell, and 
 other friends at Fredericton, a generous donation was raised on their behalf 
 
624 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 to which General Hunter contributed £50, the Chief Justice £25, Captain 
 Sproule, Major Hailes, George Ludlow, Geo. Leonard, Ward Chipman, Mr. 
 Bobinson & Mr. Pagan £15 each, and others at Fredericton, St. John, Hali¬ 
 fax, etc, smaller sums. 
 
 After the death of their parents, Penelope and Sarah Winslow had 
 a pension of £33 6s. per annum from the Imperial Government in con¬ 
 sideration of the services and losses of their father. Penelope died Janu¬ 
 ary 23, 1810, hut Sarah survived some years after. 
 
 Thomas A. C. Winslow to His Sisters. 
 
 Sicily, 9th July, 1808. 
 
 My dear Sisters,—The length of time which has elapsed since I wrote 
 you may possibly induce you to suppose I am one of those inconstant, 
 changeable sort of beings who suffers the affection for those he loves to 
 diminish as the distance increases between them, and that I have found 
 nearer objects for my regards & attention. However he assured my good 
 girls (whatever opinion you may have formed to the reverse) that the heat 
 of Sicily has not kindled in my breast an affection that can in any degree 
 decrease that I feel towards you. On the contrary, you are continually 
 uppermost in my thoughts—not only your present happiness, but your 
 future prospects in life are objects which by turns occupy my mind, and 
 believe me, the reflections they give rise to adds to the weight of my own 
 misfortunes. Were it not for the mortification it would occasion a numer¬ 
 ous connection of relatives, I could calmly reconcile myself to the idea of 
 becoming a wandering exile for the remainder of my life in preference to 
 dragging out a slavish existence in my present profession. But enough 
 of this. 
 
 I hope my friend Went thinks differently, and that in his progress 
 thro 5 life he may never meet with such “vile blows & buffets of fortune” 
 as have followed me. Ned has certainly given a proof of his understanding 
 by choosing the profession he has, and I look forward to his being the 
 fountain from which much comfort is destined to spring to you all. His 
 absence from you will be lengthy — hut you must reconcile yourselves to 
 it by the consideration of its being absolutely & indespensably necessary. 
 Pen’s letter by him I receiv’d some months hack. I was pleased to find by 
 it that Fredericton still retains its credit for hospitality. You appear to 
 have had a more than usual share of amusements the last season. But 
 I observe the old complaint. Want of young men. I was in hopes ere 
 this a Yankee war would have afforded you a reinforcement of them and 
 that I should hear the number of Maidens in your Society was considerably 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 625 
 
 reduced. But that prospect is now at an end and I fear the greater pro¬ 
 portion of the virgin part of your community — will remain unmolested 
 until they "throw off their frail covering” and join the sisterhood in "the 
 mansions below.” However girls it is not your fault, nor the fault of your 
 sisters in affliction. Where men are not to he found, they can’t be 
 captivated, and it is with no small degree of pride I avow (from the ob¬ 
 servations I have been able to make) that perfection in females is as likely 
 in New Brunswick as in any other comer of the Globe. Don’t let the 
 ladies imagine I mean to flatter them; that is one of the depravities of 
 human nature I hope I shall never descend to even when they are in ques¬ 
 tion, tho’ it is acknowledged to he a passport to their Favor. 
 
 You all conclude your letters with a quiz about Anna Coffin. That 
 good girl seeems to have had a multiplicity of admirers. I am told Wallop 
 renewed his attack after I came away, and a friend of mine wrote me that 
 two more red coats (a Capt. and a Sub.) had put in their claims and laid 
 a regular siege. However it appears these sons of Mars were all retired 
 in their turn and I understand that the Forum has produced a champion 
 who will probably bear off the Prize. That he may is one of the first 
 wishes of my heart. She will then (if Chip* is the sort of man he pro¬ 
 mised to be) experience as much of happiness as comes to the lot of any 
 individual inhabitant of this tempestuous world. To her and my no less 
 loved friend Carry give my most affectionate regards. Remember me to 
 Fanny Sproule. Tell her I thank her for the Postcript to your letter. By 
 the way you Pen, in your last letter sent me a profile, but for the life of 
 me I can’t make out who it is intended for. Do in the next let me know. 
 It is not possible for me to say to what quarter you had better direct your 
 letters, but if they come thro’ Col. Lutwyche or Col. Williamson I shall 
 be sure to get them, as they will both have the earliest information of any 
 movements of mine. Remember me to my Aunts, Pen Miller, Sally, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Clopper, Miller & Spouse, Lucy, &c. To John Allen, C. & G. 
 Lee, A. & F. Rainsford, in short to everybody in the neighborhood. John 
 Robinson is at Syracuse. I got a letter from him yesterday. He is well 
 and apologizes for the shortness of his epistle, alleging that he is writing 
 to his friends. 
 
 Adieu, Believe me my dear Girls, 
 
 Your affectionate Brother, 
 
 __ T. A. C. Winslow. 
 
 *The reference is to Ward Chipman, jr., afterwards chief justice of New 
 Brunswick. He married in 1817 a daughter of Henry Wright, Esq., collector of 
 customs at St. John. She was the last survivor in St. John of the Chipman 
 name. She died July 4, 1876, the one hundredth anniversary of the declaration 
 of independence. Chief Justice Chipman’s mother died May 18, 1852, on the 
 sixty-ninth anniversary of the landing of the Loyalists. The chief justice him¬ 
 self died on the 26th of November, 1851, the sixty-seventh anniversary of the 
 organization of the supreme court of New Brunswick. 
 
626 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 P. S. Tell Mary it would give me much pleasure to get one of her 
 real old fashioned spicy letters. If Betsy Sproule is in your country she 
 will I dare say assist her in the Diction. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Colonel E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Fredericton, 1ST. B., July 30th, 1808. 
 
 My dear Lutwyche,—In mine of the 20th I inclosed a letter from 
 General Hunter and a life certificate to enable you to obtain my salary as 
 a Judge, for the 6 months ending 1st July inst. 
 
 In that letter I concisely observed that during'my service as President 
 I had not lost a day’s duty as a Judge, for while I was thus employed there 
 had been no term of the Supreme Court. I also suggested that my service 
 as President had been, as is fully certified by General Hunter, unusually 
 arduous. My predecessor had embodied 1000 of the Militia, and they were 
 stationed in three different places, namely Fredericton, St. John and St. 
 Andrews, and they were fully officered and temporizing promises had been 
 made them of extraordinary indulgences, furlows, discharges, &c; but not 
 a single effort had been made for procuring money for defraying the ex¬ 
 pence. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Ludlow I found them exposed to all the hard¬ 
 ships of soldiers, and clamorous for their pay, while their families in many 
 instances were reduced to abject distress. Thus circumstanced it was 
 incumbent on me to ascertain what real danger actually existed to warrant 
 the continuance of a measure which was productive of an enormous 
 expence to Government and attended with consequences so fatal to the 
 interests of a country scarcely able when every man is employed in agri¬ 
 cultural labor to raise bread sufficient for their own consumption. I soon 
 procured information from Mr. Erskine, the ambassador at Washington, 
 that there was no prospect of immediate hostilities on the part of the 
 Americans, even should Mr. Rose’s mission fail. I therefore without hesi¬ 
 tation adopted the resolution of permitting the whole body of Militia to 
 return to their homes and to hold themselves in readiness to appear again 
 at a minute’s warning, and finding a rascally combination here to extort 
 10 pr. cent premium upon the bills, I sent the Paymaster to Halifax and 
 procured £6,000 at par, and as soon as I could avail myself of it I paid 
 and discharged ’em. Subsequent events have shewn that this measure was 
 judicious. 
 
 Such efficient arrangements were also made in the business of grant¬ 
 ing lands as cannot fail to facilitate the operations of my successor. The 
 embargo in America had created new difficulty, and it became my duty to 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 627 
 
 counteract it, and I adopted such measures as have since been successfully 
 followed both by Generals Hunter & Prevost and explicitly approved by 
 Sir John Warren, and if persevered in must terminate very favorably for 
 these colonies. Large quantities of flour and other commodities are, in 
 consequence of those regulations and in defiance of the embargo, brought 
 into our province and shipped from hence to our West India Islands. 
 
 These events rendered my short administration unusually arduous and 
 surely it would be derogatory to the honor of Government to allow me to 
 be a loser by exertions which absolutely injured my health. 
 
 &c., &c., &c., 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 NOTES ON MILITIA EMBODIED IN 1808. 
 
 Taken from Winslow’s Eeport to the Commissioners of Public Accounts. 
 
 The Militia were called out by President Ludlow about the 12th 
 January, 1808, and'were disbanded April 24th following, receiving pay for 
 the period of three months. They were embodied in consequence of a 
 communication from Lord Castlereagh. The men says Winslow turned 
 out with alacrity. The officers were to be paid (in accordance with the 
 law of the province under which they were called out at the same rates as 
 allowed in the regular army. 
 
 President Ludlow died February 12, 1808, and Edward Winslow suc¬ 
 ceeded as Commander in Chief. Detachments were stationed at Freder¬ 
 icton under Colonel Saunders, at St. John under Lieut. Col. Wetmore and 
 at St. Andrews under Col. Mackay. At Fredericton the old Theatre was 
 used for a barracks, at St. John a building, formerly the “City Windmill” 
 and later used as an Alms House, was converted into a barracks: it stood 
 at the South West comer of King Square, where the Hotel Dufferin now 
 stands. 
 
 Among the officers of .the embodied Militia were Colonel John Saund¬ 
 ers, Major Bliss, Captains Hiel Camp, John Allen, Odell, Smith, Gedney 
 and Morehouse of the York County Militia. Lieut. Col. Wetmore, Lieut. 
 Col. Mackay, Capts. Gilbert, Ruloffson, Lyon, Wilbore, Macleod, Brown, 
 Campbell, Wyer, MacFarlane, and Mo watt of the St. John, Kings, and 
 Charlotte County Militia. Paymasters Wm. Hazen and Wm. Scovil. 
 Adjutant, at F’ton, Charles Lee. The rates of pay per day seem to have 
 been Serjeants Is. 6d. to 2s., Corporals and Drummers Is. 3d., Privates Is. 
 
 Not being able to obtain money at less than 10 p. c. to 12 p. c. pre¬ 
 mium for the bills drawn on Government owing, as Winslow says in his 
 letter, to “a rascally combination”, Wm. Hazen was sent to Halifax for 
 money. The season and state of ice was such that Hazen proceeded from 
 
628 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 Fredericton to St. John “at the risque of his life” (the ice being uncom¬ 
 monly weak and the traveling difficult and dangerous) to St. John, whence 
 he crossed to Annapolis and proceeded to Halifax. Some of the non- 
 commissioned officers and privates became clamorous and discontented, 
 principally through the want of money for their own & families’ needs — 
 the latter in some instances being in distress through the absence of the 
 men. “Rudeness to officers, contumacy and disobedience” were some of 
 the consequences of this state of affairs. Col. Saunders addressed the 
 most pointed reports to the President and Commander in Chief (verbally 
 in one instance & in writing in another.) The evil increased to such a 
 degree that Winslow submitted the matter to the consideration of the 
 Council, and the principal Military officers of the Garrison, and they 
 were unanimously of opinion that a General Court Martial should be as¬ 
 sembled, and a serious example made of the delinquents, several of whom 
 were lodged in the common gaol. So many of the officers were either 
 prosecutors or witnesses, that officers of the Militia not called out were 
 summoned to attend the Courts Martial, (in one case nine, in another four, 
 and in a third one). The turbulent spirit received an effectual cheek in 
 consequence. 
 
 By his trip to Halifax Wm. Hazen saved £500 or £600 to Government. 
 He brought with him the sum of £6,000 in specie to St. John. The ice 
 in the St. John river being then in motion in various places, he was com¬ 
 pelled to hire boats and horses alternately, and to employ an officer and 
 a party of men to bring a portion of money for the detachment at Fred¬ 
 ericton, which he succeeded in effecting at considerable hazard, and the 
 Militia were all paid and sent huzzahing and shouting to their homes on 
 the 24th April. The British Government paid the men, but some con¬ 
 tingent expenses were paid by the General Assembly of the Province. 
 
 W. O. R. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, Saturday 30 July, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,— I find that the language used by the little 
 “Creeper”* is this,—“That he is perfectly satisfied with his visit to Eng¬ 
 land — that he has taken such steps and made such interest that in case 
 
 “of Judge H- ? s death he shall succeed to the Vacancy both on the 
 
 bench and in the Council.” 
 
 *The reference here is to Samuel Denny Street. Two vacancies on the bench 
 of the supreme court occurred during the year 1808 in consequence of the de¬ 
 cease of Chief Justice Ludlow and of Judge Upham. They were filled by the 
 appointment of Attorney General Jonathan Bliss and Solicitor General Ward 
 Chipman, the former being named as chief justice. Mr. Street endeavored to 
 obtain one of the vacancies, but failed in so doing. Afterwards, in 1815, a vac¬ 
 ancy on the bench was again created by the decease of Edward Winslow, and 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 629 
 
 Now this must be counteracted with all your address and all your 
 ingenuity and without delay. I find that Odell has already written ex¬ 
 pressly on this subject to Gov’r Carleton, having heard the report some 
 time ago. S[tree]t has a brother, an attorney in London of some emi¬ 
 nence, and he may possibly command an interest that may he formidable. 
 Sat. verb. sap. 
 
 Ever yours, W. C. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 August 4, 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—The specimen you have just given us of your 
 talent at novel writing has excited a strong desire that you would compleat 
 the whole at your leisure, and in the mean time we are so reasonable as to 
 be contented with the 5th chapter at large. Remember you have promised, 
 and Catherine will keep you to it. 
 
 * * * Your Gown was sent by Vennor’s ship, your son Edward 
 
 undertook to convey it to Mess. Bainbridge’s, and I hope you have received 
 it long before this time. Wilson would have made your suit of clothes if 
 he had had your measure, but he could not venture to guess at the size 
 of a Gentleman who had held such dignified offices since he had seen him, 
 therefore you must send your measure. * * * 
 
 Whether you will be allowed to receive salary in both capacities is 
 uncertain, but as the salary as Judge is only £500 and that of President 
 £750 pr. annum, I shall push for the latter during the period of your com¬ 
 mand and if possible obtain the other too — but it must be done fairly 
 and openly consistent with your character and dignity. 
 
 * * * I am much concerned for the misfortune which has befallen 
 
 your sisters*. What a distressing event it must be to you as well as to 
 them. Happily you are in a country where the hand of friendship and 
 benevolence will be promptly extended to all in their distress. 
 
 Upham, in spite of all prognostics, is pronounced to be getting better, 
 and his surgeon is in hopes of bringing him round again. If he does he 
 
 Mr. Street pressed his claim for the appointment. In his memorial he states 
 that he had been at the bar of the supreme court upwards of 32 years, during 
 all of which time the favors of government had been almost wholly dispensed 
 to American Loyalists through the generous intention of the government to re¬ 
 munerate them for their losses. He adds: “ Of such favors I have received 
 “ none—a stranger and unconnected in this country, without support or influ- 
 “ ence, I have been passed by and compelled to yield to juniors of greater in- 
 “ terest.” He had again the mortification of proving unsuccessful in his en¬ 
 deavor, the position being given to his old professional rival, John Murray Bliss. 
 His sons, however, were more fortunate. George Frederick Street became a 
 judge of the supreme court in 1845, and another son, John Ambrose Street, was 
 attorney general in 1851 and for many years a conspicuous figure in political life. 
 
 *The destruction of their house by fire. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 will gain credit, for a more difficult & dangerous case was scarcely ever 
 known. He has suffered enough to kill a dozen men and is a hero in his 
 way — struggled with difficulties the most discouraging and risen superior 
 to them. He is a good fellow and deserves to live for his patience and 
 fortitude under all his sufferings. * * * 
 
 When I began this letter I was so exhausted by the heat, I thought 
 it impossible to fill one side, but luckily or unluckily for you the heat 
 abated, and I have spun out this epistle to an enormous length. Had I 
 your talent at writing, I should not regret it, but you must take the will 
 for the deed. But it is time to draw to a close my labour and your punish¬ 
 ment. 
 
 Thank you and your daughter for the honor done us, may the many- 
 named grand daughter inherit all the virtues and none of the foibles be¬ 
 longing to those she derives her name from. All your friends here en¬ 
 joyed your exaltation but I must say none so truly as 
 Your daughter Catherine and 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Committee of Correspondence to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 St. John, N. B., 5 Sept., 1808. 
 
 Dear Sir,—From the Boyal instructions that have been from time to 
 time given respecting Grants of Land and from the intimations of Gov¬ 
 ernment on other occasions, it appears to be an object of great magnitude 
 to encourage the culture of Hemp in these Provinces and the late interrup¬ 
 tion of the friendly intercourse between Great Britain and Russia must 
 have increased the importance of having a reserve within His Majesty’s 
 Dominions for the supply of an article so essential to the maritime interests 
 of the nation. 
 
 From the experiments that have been already made it has been as¬ 
 certained beyond a doubt that a great proportion of the land in this country 
 is peculiarly adapted to the growth of this article, but the difficulty of 
 producing it in any considerable quantity fit for market arises from a want 
 of sufficient knowledge of the mode of dressing it, and a sufficient capital 
 to procure the necessary hands and implements for this purpose, no in¬ 
 dividual having the power to engage in so expensive a speculation without 
 public aid. 
 
 If the Government therefore is desirous of availing itself of this 
 country for a supply of Hemp, some method must be fallen upon to procure 
 and send out at the public expense a number of settlers from the north 
 of Germany acquainted with the best manner of raising, curing and dress¬ 
 ing it, and to furnish them with seed and proper implements for the pur- 
 
1808J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 631 
 
 pose. There is no doubt that land already fit for its cultivation might be 
 procured on which to make a fair experiment, and the produce would pro¬ 
 bably in the course of a few years repay all the expence that Government 
 would be at, and in case of success the example would stimulate others to 
 engage in a similar undertaking so as gradually to make this article one of 
 the most valuable staple commodities of this and the neighboring Prov¬ 
 inces. 
 
 If these suggestions should be thought worthy of attention, the Com¬ 
 mander in Chief of the Province might be instructed to look out for and 
 provide a proper place whereon to fix a Company of Settlers of this de¬ 
 scription, and the business while in such a course of experiment might be 
 managed under the direction of such an overseer as he might think fit to 
 employ, Government sustaining the loss or reaping the profits that might 
 be derived from a speculation so much beyond the abilities of any person 
 here to engage in at his own risk. 
 
 After considerable discussion of the subject here the result of the 
 opinions seems to be that in some such way as this only can a measure of 
 so much importance be tried with any probability of success. We have 
 therefore thought it our duty to make it the subject of a letter to you that 
 it may be fairly brought before His Majesty’s ministers for their consider¬ 
 ation. 
 
 We have the honor to be &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Geo. Leonard, 
 
 - W. Chipman. 
 
 Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 18. Nov. 1808. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—The sudden death of the Chief Justice has brought 
 to my mind most forcibly your kind and affectionate suggestions respect¬ 
 ing me in case of such an event. I have been so often disappointed that 
 I shall not place much dependence upon any efforts I can make for 
 succeeding to this vacancy. I have, however, written to Governor Car- 
 leton and to our friend T. A. Coffin, and have also sent up a memorial 
 under cover to Mr. Odell, in the hope that Gen’l Hunter will have the 
 goodness to forward it with his recommendation to the Secretary of State. 
 I know of no interest that in my opinion would be so successful as thro’ 
 Lutwyche and Lord Sheffield, if you should make a request of the kind 
 to them; but this to answer any purpose, should be done without delay. 
 I will say no more; you I know will do what you can with propriety under 
 the circumstances of the case. 
 
 I have not a moment to add anything more. Adieu: 
 
 Ever yours most faithfully, 
 
 W. Chipman. 
 
632 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1808 
 
 Judge Monk to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 23d. Deeemr. 1808. 
 
 My dear Sir,— It will be greatly obliging some of your professional 
 & other Friends, if you will be kind enough to inform me of the course 
 of the late application, made by the Judges of the Supreme Court in New 
 Brunswick, for an augmentation of their salary. * * * 
 
 Your Friend Sir John Wentworth maintains great Firmness of Mind, 
 & good Health & Spirits in his unexpected Retirement (at the Lodge), and 
 Lady Wentworth preserves better Health than it was expected she would 
 in the winter season, & wonderful good Spirits, I am sure they would 
 not forgive my omitting to mention them, & the warm regard they always 
 manifest for you — in which Mrs. Monk & I beg leave very sincerely to 
 unite. 
 
 I hope I do not mistake, in flattering myself that you will not require 
 an apology for this liberty, in a professional pursuit, and that you will 
 believe me to remain, with unfeigned good will and esteem. 
 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 Your faithfully devoted 
 
 and obedient humble Servant, 
 
 G. H. Monk. 
 
 The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Winslow. 
 
1808] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 633 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Judge Monk* 
 
 Kingsclear, N. B., 9th Jan’ry, 1809. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your letter of the 23d ult: came to me this day — and I 
 regret that it is not in my power to give you the most minute and satis¬ 
 factory information relative to the course of application of the Judges of 
 the Supreme Court of New Brunswick for an augmentation of their sal¬ 
 aries, hut the fact is that the negotiation has been carried on in England 
 exclusively by Judge Upham, and that since his arrival there he has not 
 wrote a line either to the late Chief Justice, Judge Saunders or myself — 
 so that we are perfectly in the dark as to the mode of application which 
 he pursued. From my own private letters, however, I have reason to sup¬ 
 pose that the foundation was lay’d in a Memorial to His Majesty, which 
 was productive of a conference with the Secretary of State (Ld. Castle- 
 reagh and a conversation with Mr. Percival the Chancellor — who 
 {’tis said) interested himself in favor of the Judges. Other interest 
 was also exerted on the occasion, as appears by a paragraph in one 
 of my letters to this effect. “The indefatigable exertions of the Judge 
 have been wonderfully facilitated by the invisible aid of your active & 
 faithful friends”. I know not whether our nominal Lt. Governor gave any 
 certificate on this subject. His recommendation I suspect would not 
 have been considered as a very powerful support. From his present re¬ 
 tirement & utter indifference as to the affairs of the province, it is more 
 probable that he has never heard of the petition or the result. Should 
 any other circumstances come to my knowledge which may be worth com¬ 
 municating to you I will transmit it with the utmost alacrity. 
 
 E. Winslow. 
 
 Captain Hatch to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. Andrews, April 23, 1809. 
 
 Dr. Sir,— I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your favor 
 of the 1st inst. with its enclosures acquainting me with my appointment 
 as Asst. Deputy Surveyor General of Kings-Woods for the County of 
 
 *George Henry Monk was educated as a lawyer. In the war of the Ameri¬ 
 can Revolution he was an officer of the Loyal Nova Scotia Volunteers—was 
 gazetted captain Dec. 28, 1775, and afterwards promoted major. He lived at 
 Windsor and was deputy collector of customs in 1769. At the peace in 1783 many 
 of his regiment settled at Antigonish. He was appointed Col. Francklin’s suc¬ 
 cessor as superintendent of Indian affairs in 1783. In the year 1801 he succeeded 
 the late Hon. Isaac Deschamps on the bench, and in 1816 was retired on a pen¬ 
 sion of £400 per annum. He then went to Montreal, where his brother, Chief 
 Justice Monk, resided. He died there in 1823 at the age of 75 years. The Monk 
 family were of distinguished ancestry, their founder being the Duke of Alber- 
 marle, the restorer of monarchy. Those of the branch who came to Nova Scotia 
 were noted for learning and refinement. See Murdoch’s Hist. N. S., vol. ii., pp. 
 
634 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1809 
 
 Charlotte. I beg you to accept of my thanks for the active part you have 
 taken in procuring this appointment for me, and the confidence you have 
 plac’d in me. * * * 
 
 It is much to be regretted that an officer in this department had not 
 been earlier appointed for this County, a few months would have prevented 
 great loss of timber. All that has been cut since Sep’r last is now on 
 the hanks of the different rivers and Bays of the County. The great de¬ 
 mand for this article the last season and the consequent high price, induced 
 every exertion to he directed to this object, and there are now twenty 
 Thousand Tons of squared pine timber ready for market, two thirds more 
 than has been obtained in any one season prior to the last, with Logs suf¬ 
 ficient to employ Forty saws in the different mills within the County. 
 Your astonishment will he less when you understand that seventeen 
 twentieths of the male population of this County are what is termed here 
 “Lumbermen”, and were employed in procuring this large quantity of 
 timber. Beserve Number Two, in the parish of St. Davids, from its con¬ 
 venient situation has been the scene of great depredations for some years 
 past. It abounded in excellent timber and a large quantity has been cut 
 the last winter on it, but it is now so intermixed where it lays with what 
 is called Lot Timber, that I apprehend it will be difficult to designate it 
 except by direct information, which is not to be expected. 
 
 For a number of years past the inhabitants of this County have cut 
 tmiber of any size without any check whatever it suited their convenience. 
 Mr. Brown, the late Deputy Surveyor, never interfered to prevent it, 
 although he has been frequently informed of it. The magistrates and 
 other leading characters whose duty it was to disapprove of measures so 
 injurious to the public interest were silent, none opposed it, because it 
 suits every person. I trust it will not appear to you as an easy task to 
 eradicate a business of so long a standing, with such props as follows: Mr. 
 Pagan owner of saw mills and purchases large quantities of timber; 
 Messrs. McMasters, Porter, Wyer, Campbell, Lindsay, Cristy,—all engaged 
 in the business; Col. Mackay concerned in logging & timber teams, with a 
 long list of tenants, Foreigners as well as subjects—however I am inclined 
 to believe that with steadiness and prudent measures * * * 
 
 [Remainder missing.] 
 
 E. Gr. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 May 6, 1809. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I received your letter on the subject of the Mili¬ 
 tary Succession*. Nothing can be more absurd than the measure, nor 
 
 ♦There was so much objection to this system that the agent of the province 
 in England, Col. E. G. Lutwyche, submitted to Lord Liverpool a letter (the draft 
 of which was prepared by Ward Chipman, jr.), expressing the dissatisfaction 
 
1809] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 635 
 
 more pertinent than your observations on it. If the Ministers had studied 
 to alienate the affections of the people and disgust the Council they could 
 not have devised a more effectual plan. * * * 
 
 The return of General Prevost to Halifax will restore things to their 
 former state in the province. I was gratified to find this glaring impro¬ 
 priety had produced an embarrassment, for Mr. Calvert, the Agent, not 
 knowing who Colonel Johnson* was refused to pay upon his certificate 
 until authorized by the Secretary of State, and accordingly applied to Mr. 
 Cooke who appeared equally ignorant, not having received any document 
 to shew he was acting the President. It is really too ridiculous, and I 
 cannot help feeling provoked when I reflect that this absurdity is occas¬ 
 ioned by indulging a drone t with a sinecure of £750 per annum. * * 
 
 Catherine is gone to Englefield. She as usual has seized upon your 
 letter, & I cannot find it, so I will answer what I can remember. In my 
 last I informed you of the arrival of the Lieut, + & now, that he is gone to 
 the W. Indies. I have supplied him (on your behalf) with a little money, 
 which was absolutely necessary, & I am sure you would have done it had 
 you been here. He has a good Heart and never does wrong without feeling 
 compunction. Naturally of an hasty disposition & a pliable temper he is 
 often betrayed into errors which his cooler judgment condemns. That 
 
 felt in New Brunswick on account of the state of administration of the govern¬ 
 ment. This letter contains the following passage:— 
 
 “ The dissatisfaction to which I refer arises from the operation of an article 
 “ in the Royal Instructions transmited in 1808, which is construed to confer the 
 “ administration of the civil government on the senior military officer who shall 
 “ at any time happen to be in command of his majesty’s troops within the pro- 
 “ vince. By virtue of this authority, although Major General Hunter has in 
 “ general administered the civil government to the satisfaction of all classes of 
 “ people, yet an instance occurred some time ago, in which the temporary au- 
 “ thority devolved on Lieut. Col. Johnstone, then the commanding officer of his 
 “ majesty’s Fencible .Regiment, in consequence of General Hunter’s absence for 
 “ some months on military command at Halifax; and at the date of my last 
 “ letters, General Hunter having been again ordered to Halifax for the purpose 
 “ of succeeding Sir George Prevost in the military command there, the province 
 “ of New Brunswick was left without an executive head, awaiting the arrival 
 “ of Major General Balfour, who was then expected from Halifax. The incon 
 “ venience which may result from this mode of succession in the government 
 “ of a colony of so large an extent, and which is now making such rapid pro- 
 “ gress in wealth and commerce and is daily rising in the scale of importance 
 “ with respect to the empire at large, are of no inconsiderable moment.” 
 
 The letter proceeds to describe at some length the practical disadvantages 
 of the system, and in conclusion intimates that it is peculiarly humiliating to 
 the members of the council of the province, most of whom have been his ma¬ 
 jesty’s tried and faithful servants in various important public situations, in 
 view of the fact that the sister provinces of Lower Canada and Nova Scotia on 
 any temporary absence of the king’s selected representative the administration 
 devolves, in the usual course, on the senior member of his majesty’s council. 
 
 *See preceding Foot-note. 
 
 f Colonel Lutwyche is not very complimentary to Lt. Gov. Carleton, but he 
 was not alone in his opinion on this head. 
 
 +The reference here is to Lieut. Thomas A. C. Winslow. He died in the 
 West Indies the year following (1810). 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1809 
 
 you may judge of him I shall send his letter to me. * * * All I can 
 
 add is that the “Indus” is expected in July & that Edward was well in 
 Dec’r last. I have the Rheumatism so bad I can scarcely sit in my chair, 
 so Adieu, God bless you. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyehe. 
 
 George Leonard to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, May 9, 1809. 
 
 My dear Friend,—I truly thank you for your cordial congratulations 
 on my son’s supposed appointment, I receive it from you as from a Brother. 
 
 Our ideas and motives of action have appeared to me more alike than 
 any other persons of my acquaintance. I have felt your misfortune as my 
 own, your success also. * * * 
 
 I cannot charge myself with the sin of omission in not representing 
 in the strongest expressions, both in my official capacity and private let¬ 
 ters, the injurious conduct of the officers of the Customs for this port, that 
 it was in vain to adopt regulations or to make laws without employing pro¬ 
 per officers to carry them into effect; that there was the most shameful 
 perversion—when I had no idea of any of my family taking the post in the 
 Customs as it is said Edward is appointed to. All this was previous to his 
 going to England, but when he was determined to go, and informed me of 
 it, I prepared every document to shew the government the culpability, the 
 imbecility, the unprincipled conduct of the officers of this post in the 
 execution of their duty. If Government has removed one it will the rest, 
 not but I think Mr. Wanton should be fully provided for during his life, 
 as I wish he may, also Mrs. Walton. I have had no conversation with 
 either on the subject as yet, as it is only report of Edward’s appointment. 
 There has been no bargain, as is generally supposed, but everything fair 
 and honorable will be done if the report is confirmed. When I have fur¬ 
 ther information on this subject I will consult you in some important 
 points, for there is no one I can place that implicit confidence in on this 
 side of the water who is capable of giving advice. I think it is probable I 
 shall be obliged to go to Halifax to see Sir George Prevost on the subject 
 of his proclamation and applying the money granted by Parliament for a 
 vessel in the service of the Superintendent (of Trade and Fisheries), if that 
 office is to be kept up under the new regulations. Capt. Hunter is just 
 going off. I have not time to say another word but that I am, affection¬ 
 ately and truly yours, 
 
 Geo. Leonard. 
 
1809] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 637 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 2d June, i809. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Altho’ my situation in point of income will not 
 for the present be bettered by my appointment to the Bench, yet upon the 
 whole I am satisfied with it as I consider it as a permanent provision for 
 life, and a relief from the corroding and unpleasant cares and business of 
 a professsion in which there is so little satisfaction in this country. The 
 new Chief Justice* will I presume make his arrangements as soon as he 
 conveniently can for a removal to Fredericton. I conceive it absolutely 
 necessary that there should be one Judge in the City and this will of course 
 be my post. I have too many things to say to you, to attempt to commit 
 them to paper, and must therefore defer them till we meet. I wonder I 
 have not a line from T. Coffin. I imagine there could have been no com¬ 
 munication of the appointment from the Secretary of State’s office in 
 season for the packet, as nothing was known here respecting it till the re¬ 
 turn of the Post from Fredericton last evening. At any rate I hope Coffin 
 was not prevented from writing by sickness. 
 
 One of Lord Sheffield’s last phamphlets, just published, came ad¬ 
 dressed to you from the author under cover to Leonard by the last English 
 mail. There is not much in it. I shall forward it by the first Vessel, as 
 I also will Chalmer’s deputation to Miller, which is made out and only 
 waits for his signature. Tell Clopper I am much obliged to him for his 
 kind attention in communicating my appointment; it was the first intel¬ 
 ligence I received of it, about 8 o’clock last evening. Adieu! Yours ever 
 most affectionately, 
 
 - W. C. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow Jr. 
 
 Kingsclear, August 3, 1809. 
 
 My dear Edward,—Your last letters (from the Cape) were cordials to 
 us. How fortunate have you been to escape from a scene of sloth and in¬ 
 activity and from their never failing attendants, vice and dissipation? 
 Your sister Pen: has just sealed an immense letter at my table, and I pre¬ 
 sume has precluded the necessity of my meddling with domestic concerns. 
 Our public affairs go on very quietly, altho’ the people in general do not 
 relish a system which appears to be rather too highly seasoned with what 
 an American poet calls “Military Acids.” While however there remains 
 any appearance of misunderstanding between Great Britain and America, 
 it may be very politic to place these colonies under the command of Mili¬ 
 tary officers of respectable rank and character. Ours is an unexceptionable 
 
 ^Jonathan Bliss. 
 
638 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1809 
 
 Military officer* but he is wonderfully out of his element in a Chancery 
 Court or a Land office. His attentions to myself and the family are very 
 particular and a perfect confidence & harmony exists between us. * * 
 
 When you left me I was under some apprehension that exception 
 would be taken to my holding the office of Surveyor of the Woods for this 
 province, under a stiff opinion that Judges should hold no other employ¬ 
 ment. As that office was held by me independent of the Government of 
 Hew Brunswick, I did not readily or tamely assent to its relinquishment. 
 The matter is now settled in my favour. Mr. Miller is appointed a deputy 
 in this district. 
 
 The interruption of the Baltic Trade & other obvious causes, have 
 occasioned a most extraordinary demand for ton timber. It sells as high 
 as 25s. pr. ton at St. John, & higher at Miramichi. This rage for cutting 
 timber obliges me to keep a sharp look out. I have at this time several 
 causes depending in the Admiralty for trespasses committed on the King’s 
 reserves. Miller is also appointed deputy Marshal in the Admiralty for 
 this district. * * * ’Twas impossible for him to get ahead 
 
 as a merchant here, the decent traders have literally been overwhelmed by 
 a torrent of shoemakers, taylors, & tinkers, who have started from their 
 stalls and become merchants all at once. 
 
 You see my dear Boy that there is a kink in my fingers—indeed I am 
 scarcely able to hold a pen at this moment. I have had a most tremendous 
 fit of the Gout. I am now beginning to ride and I suppose I shall soon 
 be well. 
 
 To the amiable family at Ho. 6 Phillimore Place remember me most 
 affectionately—next to my own I love them, and I experience the same 
 anxieties about ’em as I do for those who are nearest of kin to me. Whil e 
 you are in England I wish you would procure and send out to me by some 
 of the fall ships a small assortment of Garden seeds—a few quarts of early 
 pease & some broad beans will be particularly acceptable. Let me hear 
 from you by every possible conveyance. My mind is occupied with 
 thoughts of you continually. God bless you prays your Friend & Father, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Kingsclear, 25th October, 1809. 
 
 It is not in my power My dear son to give you any just idea of the 
 pleasure which I have receiv’d from the perusal of your letters. They 
 carry such evident marks of satisfaction and betray qualities so amiable & 
 honorable to yourself—that they have operated like an invigorating cordial 
 
 *General Martin Hunter, whom Judge Winslow highly esteemed. 
 
1809] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 639 
 
 to my heart. I had symptoms of Gout flying about me when I receiv’d 
 ’em—but instead of fixing in the extremities (as usual) the current of 
 enjoyment from your letter & Wentworth’s (rec’d the same day) set so 
 strong against ’em, that like Mary Magdalen’s Devils, they all flew off 
 together, and I have not had a minute’s pain since. Having now with a 
 fervor which nothing hut Christian gratitude and parental affection united, 
 could possibly inspire—offered my thanks to the Giver of every good and 
 perfect gift—for the preservation of my son—and having also indulg’d all 
 these emotions of sensibility which naturally arose from contemplating the 
 uncommon goodness of your friend & benefactor Capt. Weltden & your 
 other friends, I will pass from a subject so tender & affecting to tell you— 
 That we are all perfectly well and comfortable. My situation is rendered 
 much more eligible by the introduction of Mr. Bliss & Mr. Chipman on 
 the Bench. Mr. Bliss (the Chief Justice) has purchas’d Lyman’s house, 
 and I dare say will make a pleasant addition to our Society. Chipman 
 will remain at St. John (of course), he is perfectly reconciled to this 
 arrangement, indeed I think it’s better for him than if he had been Chief 
 Justice for then he must have removed to Fredericton. 
 
 During the short time which I exercised the office of President, I 
 had an opportunity of making some very important arrangements for the 
 Country, and I had also a favorable chance of evincing to the world that 
 1 was capable of forgivir.g those who were supposed to have persecuted 
 me. Some circumstances between the late Chief Justice & myself—remain 
 to this day unexplained. You have some knowledge of the events which 
 took place, and you will discern the peculiar delicacy of my situation (so 
 far as related to him) when placed at the head of the Government—and it 
 will afford you pleasure to hear—that my public conduct in very critical 
 & difficult instances met his most explicit approbation, and he was pleased 
 to say that “in my conduct towards individuals I had given proof of unex¬ 
 ampled candor & magnanimity.” After his death his venerable and truly 
 amiable widow, in a manner which excited sensations that can never be 
 described, transferred to me the Chief Justice’s elegant silk Robes, Bands, 
 &e, and asked me to wear them for her husband’s sake. I have pride in 
 relating these circumstances to you, for various reasons. 
 
 I still retain the Office of Surveyor of the Woods for the province, 
 and I have procured a deputation for Miller, and it’s a very convenient 
 thing for both of us. I issue the permits and he inspects the timber for 
 which he gets 10s. per day. The suspension of the Baltic trade & the 
 impudent political arrangements of the Americans have caused an extensive 
 and eager demand for the timber of this country, & increased the business 
 of my office very materially. 
 
840 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1809 
 
 I have not yet sold the Nova Scotia Land, but I am negotiating for 
 the sale of it. Miller has been to see it, I expect to get £250 currency for 
 it.* You know what a wrecked, miserable situation my house and farm 
 was in—I have put ’em both in good order & this year I have raised a crop, 
 which (tho’ not very abundant) will be very useful to us—and I am getting 
 up my stock of cattle & sheep again. I’ve found a match for the Coun+ 
 & have built a smart double sleigh—and at present we are blessed with 
 very good servants. Since you left me I have paid off £400 or £500 of the 
 old debts which tormented me so grievously, and I hope if I live a few 
 years to get clear of the remainder. 
 
 James Frazer will leave this soon for England, by him we shall all 
 write you. I shall at the same time write to my valuable and affectionate 
 friends at Phillimore-place, in the mean time offer to ’em all the acknow- 
 ledgements that a grateful heart can dictate for their goodness to us all. 
 I cannot conceive what has become of all the letters which have been 
 written within these six months by Fitzgerald, Ryan, &c, &c, &c, they have 
 been numerous and lengthy to my knowledge. 
 
 I hope to GOD the business will be so arranged that you will sail 
 again with Capt. Weltden—he is so valuable and so respectable a man that 
 I feel extremely tenacious of the connection. Continue to inform me of 
 everything that happens to you, and may GOD preserve you from every 
 evil, prays your affectionate father, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 You will see Col. Williamson & remember me kindly to him, also to 
 Mrs. & Miss Chalmers. I retain a grateful sense of their civilities. 
 
 Penelope Winslow t to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 y' 30th October 1809. 
 
 * * * Sunday night. 
 
 The last mail brought us your long looked for letters from England, 
 and relieve us from a weight of-anxiety. I dare not wish to see you in 
 New Brunswick while your prospects seem so fair and your pursuits so 
 advantageous, but to hear frequently that you are well and happy is the 
 only thing that can reconcile me to your absence.. I most sincerely wish 
 you may continue with Capt. Weltden, for I am quite sure you will never 
 meet with such another man; if he is as agreeable and sensible as he is good 
 and handsome he must be a great way out of the common way. 
 
 ♦This land was at Chedabucto, N. S., a gift to Winslow from his old friend, 
 Major General H. M. Gordon. See Winslow’s letter under date 7th June, 1806. 
 
 fThe younger Penelope Winslow, the judge’s daughter. She was a very 
 clever young lady and quite a belle in her day. Her letters are particularly 
 entertaining. She was devoted to her family. 
 
1809] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 641 
 
 I am grieved to say that Papa is just laboring under a fit of the gout, 
 I flatter myself it will not he as severe as common—he has been unusually 
 well all summer; But I think of late an attack of gout affects his spirits 
 much more than it used to do. We are delighted with the Idea of Went¬ 
 worth’s spending the winter with us, and expect him in about a fortnight— 
 his society will he a great pleasure and comfort to Papa, who feels the want 
 of one of his sons at home more and more every day. * * * 
 
 You will get all the news of course from all your friends, but that 
 must not prevent my giving all I can muster. Our summer has been 
 uncommonly Brilliant from the unusual interference of Hymen. I assure 
 he has made sad havoc among the Fredericton Belles. Miss Jane Oar- 
 den* was foremost on the File—your flame Fanny Jarvis and Capt. Maule 
 the next. My favorite Bell Phair and Lieut. Stratton followed—and last 
 of all Frederick Robinson and Miss Jane Paddock. I’m sure you’ll think 
 there is a grand Reformation in the fashions since your departure, for you 
 know matrimony has not been much in vogue before in our day. Fanny 
 Sproule and Moodie are just where you left them. But the world say they 
 are inevitably to he married shortly, I confess I have no faith in such 
 unreasonable long flirtations. 
 
 Maryt has just presented the Public with another son, the comforts 
 of wedlock are coming upon her all at once. Elizabeth is as great a Pickle 
 as ever, and Katie a sweet child. George Sproule is on a visit to the City— 
 the 23rd regiment have just arrived there, of course she’ll bring up a great 
 supply of hearts. Sammy Ellegood is on a visit to his Brother—he has 
 returned quite a finished buck—as I have no taste for such things (espe¬ 
 cially when they come from New York) he is no favorite of mine. William 
 French is also on a visit to his friends, I have not seen him. I have not 
 been able to get sight of Duncan yet except across the Church. We are 
 very grateful my dear Edward, for your entertaining Journal—do my dear¬ 
 est Brother write us by every opportunity. John Allen is duly elected a 
 member of Parliament this season—the Phairs desire to be particularly 
 remembered to you, indeed there are so many who have given me love and 
 compliments to send that it would take me a month to enclose it all separ¬ 
 ately, you must therefore taken the whole society in a lump. If you have 
 more cash than you want I wish you would send me a Black Lace Veil by 
 Fraser. I’m told they are very reasonable in England, and here they are 
 rather beyond me. As I don’t know how you stand in point of money this 
 may be a very improper and extravagant request—if it is I beg you will 
 forget that I made it. 
 
 *Jane Garden married William Thompson of Toronto. She died in Wood- 
 stock, N. B., in 1848, and is buried in the old church yard there. 
 
 fMary Miller, the sister of the writer. Her little girl Elizabeth or “Betts” 
 (as her mother calls her under date January 17th, 1808) died in 1810 to her par¬ 
 ents’ great sorrow. 
 
642 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1809 
 
 I have lived a very retired domestic life for the last year, scarcely staid 
 a night from home except one month I passed with Mrs. Hunter, while her 
 General was away—she is a charming woman and I can’t help hoping that 
 I am a favorite of hers—as I should not be willing to bestow as much 
 esteem and affection as I cannot help feeling for her on a person who cared 
 nothing about me. Do my dear Edward offer my most sincere regards to 
 Mrs. Weltden and believe me with unabated affection, 
 
 Your Sister P. 
 
 I have not time to read this over—you must therefore correct the 
 Manifold Blunders as you go along. 
 
 Edward Leonard to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 15th December 1809; At the Yale. 
 
 My dear Friend,—I am grieved to hear by my son Richard,* who is 
 now here, of your illness with the Gout. I hope it was at the heighth 
 when he left you and that I shall find you in good spirits when I get to 
 Fredericton. My desire to be there is the pleasure of seeing you. I have 
 no political or domestic objects in view there. I shall in future be tranquil 
 on all Fishing bills and all other subjects on which our friends have for 
 years past come forward with so much intemperate zeal. 
 
 My residence here so long has engaged my attention to my domestic 
 concerns instead of devoting my whole thoughts and exertions to those of 
 others. Your life has also been spent in the service of others, perhaps 
 more than any man’s of the present age, and how little gratitude is shown 
 by the world here for it. To your more distant friends you are indebted 
 for your respectable situation and independence. I truly feel grateful'to 
 heaven for your success and that it was brought forward by such charac¬ 
 ters. You must be proud to acknowledge the! obligation to them instead 
 of to those from whom you had reason to expect every exertion for the 
 services you had rendered them. 
 
 I hope our friend Chipman will get well of his gout so as to be at 
 Fredericton at the meeting of the Council. 
 
 I have not yet my letters by the October mail, I think you will hear 
 everything favourable from our friend Lutwyche from what he last wrote 
 me. 
 
 Richard is now waiting by his horse for this—Adieu. 
 
 God bless you and yours, 
 
 __ Geo. Leonard. 
 
 *Richard Leonard was a lieutenant in the 54th regiment, and in 1805 was 
 stationed at Gibraltar. He retired on half pay and was appointed fort major 
 (or town major) at Fredericton, a position previously held by Captain Daniel 
 Lyman. The latter sold out to his successor, receiving £400 sterling as com¬ 
 pensation. 
 
1809J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 643 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Kingsclear, [about 1809.] 
 
 If I were preparing to write to a churl or a man that I did not love, 
 1 should have a delightful opportunity (after six months misery and dis¬ 
 tress) to give him a description of my grievances—but this, my dear Lut¬ 
 wyche, would be a bad treat to serve up to a friend. * * * 
 
 Ever since I left England it has been one of my enjoyments to write 
 to you and thro’ you to your daughter, and I was wounded in a very tender 
 place when I was deprived of that comfort. My heart however has not 
 suffered by this unrelenting Gout. In its approaches to that eitidal I 
 suspect the place was found to be preoccupied: had it been hollow or 
 ungrateful such an insidious tormentor might have stolen his way in. * * 
 My son Edward’s last tributes of acknowledgment are strong and 
 pathetic. I should not love him so well if he was not sensible of your 
 goodness. Captain Weltden’s partiality to him afforded me more satisfac¬ 
 tion than any other circumstance. Catharine or yourself might have 
 viewed my son with complacency because he is good tempered and accom¬ 
 modating and because of that peculiar diffidence—the source of which has 
 been so difficult to discern-—but the confidence and esteem of Capt. Weltden 
 are proofs of mere substantial qualifications, and this my dear friends is 
 a comfortable consolation to me. I have been so much the subject of God’s 
 goodness and mercy of late that I dare not anticipate an evil. My son is 
 among you. He has been snatched by you from scenes of indolence which 
 might have ended in dissipation. 
 
 If he does not remain with Captain Weltden I hope he may find some 
 other situation in the same line. I shall feel impatient till I know the 
 result. 
 
 * * * E. Winslow. 
 
 Col. E. G. Lutwyche to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Dec’r 20, 1809. 
 
 It is now, my dear Winslow, a very long time since my eyes have been 
 blessed with what I call a Letter from you. The scraps I have rec’d might 
 be called such from any one else. I fear indeed you have too good a reason 
 to offer for your silence. 
 
 I have no objection to the American embargo, it may continue for 
 ever it they choose—it concerns not this Country nor me, but we deprecate 
 that on your fingers, and anxiously hope for its speedy removal, trusting 
 that when it is you will indulge us with some of your enlivening effusions, 
 to which we look forward with as much impatience as a Girl for the arrival 
 of her Lover. Could you realise how they are valued by us and see the 
 
644 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1810 
 
 eyes sparkle with delight when a Letter of yonrs is announced, you would 
 think nothing of the trouble to give so much pleasure. We read and re-read 
 them and then give a taste to some of our friends. * * * 
 
 Edward is our daily visitor & it will gratify you to know he rises daily 
 in our estimation. From him I learn with pleasure that you are pursuing 
 vigorously the plan of extinguishing your debts. Go on & prosper my 
 dear Sir. * * * 
 
 The season of festivity commenced with the Jubilee & has continued 
 and will I suppose to the end of the year. Supper parties with Hack punch 
 and vocal music fill up every evening and so pleasant do the evenings pass 
 that we seldom part until the Clock strikes little hours. 
 
 * * Capt. Weltden, Edward and myself dined at Sir Wm. 
 
 Pepperrel’s where we met Eoyal & Mr. Price. Royal is 88 and as hearty 
 as a Buck. He ate like a Trojan and drank very decently when your health 
 was drunk by all with great pleasure. Sir Wm. was better than usual and 
 shewed his regard for you in his attention to your son. 
 
 That you and yours may enjoy without alloy the festivities of the 
 approaching season is the united wish of this family. 
 
 Yrs, E. G. L. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Lord Liverpool. 
 
 Fredericton, New Brunswick, 
 
 5th February, 1810. 
 
 My Lord,—I had this day the honor of receiving your Lordship’s letter 
 of the 1st Nov’r, addressed to me as President of this province,* acquaint¬ 
 ing me “That His Majesty has been pleased to honor your Lordship with 
 the seals of the Colonial and War Departments in the room of Lord 
 Viscount Castlereagh, an event .upon which I humbly presume to offer my 
 most sincere and cordial congratulations. Your Lordship’s letter was 
 immediately transmitted to Major General Hunter, commanding His 
 Majesty’s troops in the province of New Brunswick, who by special man¬ 
 damus (notified by Lord Castlereagh) was appointed President of the Pro¬ 
 vince. In that mandamus it is ordered that in case of his absence the civil 
 government should he exercised by the military officer next in rank doing 
 duty within the district, a case which has already once happened, and 
 altho’ the Lieutenant Colonel of a Fencible regiment who succeeded to the 
 command was in this instance a man of amiable manners and respectable 
 
 *This is curious: Winslow had retired from the position of president and 
 commander in chief a year and nine months previously, but the officials of 
 Downing Street seem to have been unaware of the fact. 
 
1810] 
 
 WINSLOW TAPERS. 
 
 645 
 
 character, we cannot divest onrselves of the apprehensions that in the 
 fluctuating and precarious operations of the military service the important 
 civil concerns of our province may he committed to officers of a very differ¬ 
 ent description. * * * 
 
 This measure my Lord is evidently a deviation from His Majesty’s 
 original instructions to His Governor General, which are considered here 
 as part of the law of the Land, and I humbly conceive it was hastily 
 adopted by His Majesty’s late minister under the pressure of supposed 
 emergency. As the oldest surviving member of Mis Majesty’s Council, I 
 consider it a duty which I owe the Country to draw the attention of His 
 Majesty’s present ministers to this important object, in the full hope and 
 persuasion that such a revision may he had and such steps taken as may 
 be more congenial to the principles of the constitution and be more bene¬ 
 ficial to His Majesty’s service. 
 
 I have the honor to be with most perfect respect, my Lord, 
 
 Your Lordship’s most devoted humble serv’t, 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Kingsclear, 6th February, 1810. 
 
 My very dear Son,—Since I wrote you I have passed through one con¬ 
 tinued scene of persecution from the Gout and after three months confine¬ 
 ment I am at this time scarce able to stand and in great pain. My friends 
 are expressing such anxiety for me to go to town (the General Assembly 
 being now in Session) that I fear they will compel me to undertake it. 
 What the result of such an undertaking may be is rather problematical. 
 Your friend General Coffin and the Speaker,* both now in the Drawing¬ 
 room, all of ’em have exerted their influence on this occasion, and the two 
 Mr. Chipmans have been up on the same errand. You know the powerful 
 eloquence of the General and all the rest of ’em. * * * 
 
 The death of your Aunt Penelope! was sudden indeed and the loss of 
 Miller’s beautiful little Betsy has been a severe affliction to us. Henry 
 Smith has lost a charming little daughter which has almost killed the 
 delicate and affectionate mother.! Your other friends and connections are 
 well. I am obliged to write by “hitches” for fear of bringing the Gout 
 back to my fingers. Indeed only about ten days ago I had reason to appre- 
 
 *Amos Botsford. See biographical note under date July 11, 1783. 
 
 fPenelope Winslow died January 23, 1810. 
 
 J Henry Smith’s wife was a daughter of Colonel Stephen Miller and a cousin 
 of Judge Winslow. Henry Smith was a magistrate and merchant and a useful 
 and active resident of Fredericton. His family consisted of four sons and a 
 daughter; the latter married G. Ludlow Robinson of Fredericton. One of the 
 sons was the late J. Woodforde Smith, deputy provincial secretary for many 
 years. 
 
646 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1810 
 
 hend that I would never write again. For the sake of my family and 
 friends, and for no other reason, would I wish to prolong a life which 
 lately has been one scene of constant pain and misery. Possibly after three 
 months of unremitted agony I may indulge the hope of some abatement 
 and you know that my spirits never fail me. 
 
 Wentworth I presume is ere this promoted: he was senior Ensign when 
 we heard last and there was a vacant Lieutenancy. The character he bears 
 is most pleasing to my pride, "A young officer of great promise, rigidly 
 attentive to his duty and: of. exemplary manners,” and I can add (what 
 under all circumstances is most extraordinary) he is a correct economist, 
 having never once drawn on me for assistance since I parted with him. 
 We were disappointed at not seeing him this winter, having obtained six 
 months leave from GenT Prevost; but the commanding officer of the garri¬ 
 son did not incline to part with him, and Went concludes most manfully 
 that it is all for the best. Before, this reaches you Sir John & Lady Went¬ 
 worth will be in London. You know the brotherly affection which subsists 
 between us, and I must entreat you to pay your respects to them. * * 
 
 With the most anxious solicitude for your welfare I am my dear—very 
 dear boy. 
 
 Your affectionate Father, 
 
 ' Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Mrs. Weltden to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Feb’y 25, [1810?] 
 
 My dear Sir,—-Your son tolls'me I can write now without putting you 
 to the expence of postage, &.I have stationed myself at the corner of a 
 table at which Weltden and him . are busily employed to. do so if it were 
 only to congratulate you on your recovery, from the severe fit of gout & to 
 rejoice with you that our Edward is.going, out with Weltden again. I 
 consider this Voyage as establishing him in the Service & I trust my dear 
 Sir he will not only do well for himself in it, but in time .be enabled to 
 assist his family in a degree. 
 
 I wish to send my friends your Daughters some useful marks of my 
 regard, but Ned cannot recommend anything to be more useful than stock¬ 
 ings. I therefore request them to divide two dozen pair amongst them. 
 Ned begs I will say “he will write all he can,” but he is very much engaged 
 at this moment in preparation for the approaching Voyage, & particularly 
 so in consequence of Weltden’s severe indisposition—thank God within 
 these few days Weltden is better & ere the ship sails I trust he will be quite 
 well—my father too has had a severe bilious attack but by following closely 
 the prescription of his Physician he is himself again. I have been the only 
 stout one amongst them. 
 
John Francis Wentworth Winslow. 
 
 Sheriff of Carleton County, N. B. 
 

 
1810] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 647 
 
 Poor Hazen left England rather out of health, hut I trust the Voyage 
 will restore him for he is a very valuable young man. 
 
 I beg you will write us my dear Sir as often and as much as you can, 
 for your Letters are a great treat to us all. My father writes himself, I have 
 therefore nothing to say for him. Weltden joins me in affectionate regards 
 to you and all the family. I am always My dear Sir, Your sincere friend, 
 
 C. Weltden. 
 
 P .S. Ned is quite well—& quite happy. 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 26th March 1810, Kingsclear. 
 
 Sunday Morning. 
 
 I am happy to find by your letter of the 11th Dec. (which we received 
 but yesterday) that some of our numerous letters have at length reached 
 you. Indeed, my dear Edward, I do not know if I should have had courage 
 to have commenced another Epistle to you unless you had acknowledged 
 the receipt of some of them. I should like to know what altered your mind 
 about writing by the January mail. Once more I desire to impress upon 
 your mind that we are not as particular here about postage as you English¬ 
 men are—and 1 assure you if we could afford to eat 8 dozen Oysters at a 
 meal, we would not think it extravagant to pay fifteen pence every week 
 for a letter from a friend. But you have odd notions of economy, however 
 I beg you’ll save a penny any other way than by depriving us the pleasure 
 of a line from you by every packet. I admire the way in which you spend 
 your time, and I cannot help now and then wishing I was living with you 
 at Mrs. Sherwoods, or any where within the reach of No. 6,* as it appears 
 to me that place must be the seat of happiness and peace. Papa has had 
 a shocking winter, he has not only been presecuted with the gout but has 
 had other complaints still more alarming, nor has be attempted to walk 
 from one room to the other for more than four months till last Wednesday, 
 & this trifling exertion has brought on the gout again, and his feet are 
 now completely crippled. I however flatter myself the spring will restore 
 him to health. He has had his friends Chipman and Leonard &c, &c, with 
 him a great deal, as the House sat much longer than usual, and they dined 
 with us in the family way once every week. Papa is determined to make 
 an excursion to St. Andrews in June, as every one thinks such a jaunt will 
 be of more service to him than anything he can try; he is determined to 
 take me with him, by way of nurse. As I acted a great while in that 
 capacity—he seems to prefer my company to any of the rest. There is a 
 
 *No. 6 Phillimore street, Kensington, was Colonel Lutwyche’s address. 
 
648 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 L1810 
 
 violent talk of this regiments being moved early in the Spring in which 
 case we shall he pnt to our trumps in good earnest—for since Providence 
 deprived us of every Brother we have, their places have been partly sup¬ 
 plied by Jenkins* and Bradshaw, both of which will of course move with 
 the rest. Your friend Phair is appointed a Lieut, in the 4th West India 
 regiment—he drank tea with us the other evening—his sisters have not 
 honor’d us as often as usual this winter—there’s a great intimacy between 
 them and the Sproules—which you’ll think rather extraordinary (if any¬ 
 thing deserves that name that happens in Fredericton). Fanny is a. spin¬ 
 ster still. Moodie has been sick all winter and I assure you it has not 
 improved his appearance much. I’m afraid that match will not take place 
 as soon as the world expects—indeed my faith in mankind evaporates daily 
 —for (saving your presence) they are a slippery race. 
 
 Mary and her children are spending the day with us—her youngest 
 is a beautiful Boy, and Kate an uncommon fine child tho’ not a beauty. 
 It is a long time since we heard from poor Tom, ’tis said his regiment was 
 at Gaudaloupe. I almost dread to hear a word about him, for I too well 
 know his enterprising spirit would drive him into danger’s way if possible. 
 I cannot write to him for I don’t know how to address my letters. Of 
 course you hear nothing of Murray, or you would certainly mention him, 
 do not give over your enquiries I entreat you. Wentworth has a Lieuten¬ 
 ancy at which he is not a little elated. I wish dear Edward you would 
 write to him, he thinks it hard that you never notice him in that way. 
 It’s a good while since he wrote to us, But the opportunities from K. F. 
 Ld. t are not frequent in winter. I won’t mention our disappointment at 
 not seeing him this winter, for that’s a subject that sets me in heroics 
 directly. It was the good natured Gen’l Moore that prevented him, as Sir 
 G. Prevost gave him leave. Charles Lee and Sally Odell are flirting away 
 famously—and the wise world says they will undoubtedly he married in 
 due time. I assure you it wears a very serious aspect, But you know Charles 
 is a little given to change, and I should not be surprised if he took another 
 direction before his circumstances would admit of his taking a wife. I’m 
 sorry to say he does not visit us as often as he did, for I can’t help feeling 
 a school-fellow liking for him, and regret that he has taken it into his head 
 to keep at such a distance. The family have not heard from Andrew Phair 
 since the expedition to Gaudaloupe, of course they are as anxious as we are 
 about Tom. I’m told William leaves this in June. Your old flame, Eliza 
 Paddock, made a long visit to her sister Robinson this winter. I begin to 
 
 ♦Penelope Winslow, the writer of this letter, married Capt. Jenkins, 
 t Newfoundland. 
 
181(0] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 649 
 
 suspect there are no young ladys in England, for I observe you have never 
 mentioned one, since you have been there. God bless you my dear Edward 
 is the constant prayer of your affectionate sister. 
 
 P. 
 
 The Phairs love to you. 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 20 May, 1810. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I thank you for your letter of the 16th inst. I 
 do indeed participate most intimately with you in all your joys and all 
 your sorrows. The accounts from Edward are consolatory and flattering 
 in the highest degree, and there is certainly the fairest prospect of his 
 arriving to a situation which will enable him to gratify his most benevolent 
 views & wishes for his friends as well as for himself. 
 
 The Speaker has received a letter from Lutwyche by one of the late 
 mails, I do not know exactly which, but I presume the Jan’y or Eeb’y, in 
 which he says that he has presented another memorial from him (the 
 Speaker), for the office of Atty. Genl. hacked by Genl. Carleton; now I do 
 not believe that the Governor would have done this unless he had thought 
 his recommendation would he attended to by Lord Liverpool. 
 
 I congratulate you very sincerely on the issue of your public accounts; 
 the very dread of the responsibility to he incurred by calling out the Militia 
 hastened the death of your predecessor,* and I think you have been ex¬ 
 tremely fortunate, as well as judicious, in the steps you adopted to extricate 
 yourself from the embarrassments incident to the situation in which you 
 were placed upon succeeding to the Command of this Province. 
 
 I am very glad to learn from my Agents that the Salary is, as you 
 informed me, subject to the reduction of 10 per cent tax only; they also 
 write that our friend T. A. C.t had been very seriously ill, and still con¬ 
 tinued very unwell; now my dear Winslow, I am very much inclined to 
 doubt, whether with all his good fortune and riches, he has enjoyed life 
 more than we have done with all our perplexities and embarrassments, and 
 when he has at length arrived to a situation, when the otium cum, dignitate 
 might have been justly anticipated, he is deprived by his ill health of every 
 source of comfort and enjoyment. This is indeed at best hut a shabby 
 world and the quitting it of little moment were it not on account of those 
 who look to us for assistance and support. 
 
 ^President Gabriel G. Ludlow. 
 
 ■(•Thomas Aston Coffin at this time had been knighted and was now Sir Thos. 
 Aston Coffin, baronet. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 .1810 
 
 650 
 
 I have disposed of your bill fortunately at par, tho’ the exchange has 
 been for some time past 2 1-2 to 3 per cent discount—the balance I shall 
 retain after paying the demands you mention, subject to your order. 
 
 By the Post before last I wrote to Sally Winslow inclosing a letter to 
 her from Goodall & Turner,* I wish to know whether she received it. 
 
 I am rejoiced to find that you can once more get on horse-back; per¬ 
 severe in this and every other mild kind of exercise that you are equal to 
 without intermission, it is the only chance we have for preventing our 
 becoming cripples from our inexorable malady;—I yet remain in tolerable 
 health & security from its attacks, but it is by dint of great temperance 
 & caution, and being on my feet from morning to night, sometimes with 
 great pain from my exertions. 
 
 Adieu! Your’s ever most affectionately & faithfully, 
 
 W. Chipman. 
 
 George Heriot to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 13th June, 1810. 
 
 Dear Winslow,—I embrace the opportunity, which a few minutes pre¬ 
 sent me, of acknowledging your Letter of the 30th Ultimo, and to assure 
 you that I shall always take pleasure in transmitting the Weekly Papers 
 of this place, as they seem to afford you amusement. If you have not 
 already perused the correspondence between Marquis Wellesley and Mr. 
 Pinckney, you will find it in the Montreal Gazette. The American Gov¬ 
 ernment has evinced throughout its whole conduct the imbecility of old 
 age. Had the chief offices been filled by old women they would have dis¬ 
 played greater capacity. * * * 
 
 I believe I formerly observed to you that provisions had become very 
 scarce in Quebec and Montreal, and that the articles of life had mounted 
 up to a price that is almost incredible, when compared with that of former 
 times. This circumstances arises from the sudden increase of commerce, 
 and the subsequent influx of population. A laborer now gets 10s. to 12s. 
 per day, and I myself paid for a man with a single horse and cart for about 
 ten hours, no less than 30s., only four days ago. The only remedy which 
 occurs to me, would be to cut roads through different parts of the country 
 so as to communicate with greater facility with the new Townships, and 
 the State of Vermont, from whence we might at least procure a quantity 
 of Beef. You seem to possess in Hew Brunswick great abundance of every 
 article for the support of life, and to enjoy the most perfect undisturbed 
 state. But your society is composed of reasonable people who have learnt 
 
 * Goodall and Turner were partners in business of the late Sir Brook Wat- 
 
1810] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 651 
 
 to set a value on the tranquility of retirement, from a recollection of the 
 evils of warfare and internal dissention. 
 
 I shall he happy to he favored with your correspondence whenever you 
 find it convenient to write, and with best wishes have the pleasure to sub¬ 
 scribe myself, My dear Winslow, 
 
 truly Yours, 
 
 - Geo. Heriot. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 July 13, 1810. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Having written you recently by the packet, this 
 is meerly to inform you that I send by the Earl Percy, Ship of Mr. Ven- 
 nor’s, a Box containing the Saddle I mentioned, four Bottles of Eau mede- 
 cinale, with a Book of directions & testimonies of its salutary effects & as 
 there was some room in the Box, a few articles which will go without any 
 additional expence, the cheapness of which will be a saving to you and your 
 family. 
 
 As the Gout has hitherto been considered incapable of any ameliora¬ 
 tion, every attempt having proved ineffectual & ultimately injurious, it will 
 require some faith as they call it, or more properly confidence in the medi¬ 
 cine to make trial of it. 
 
 Mr. Jones’s Book will create a degree of that, which I can strengthen 
 by conversation with my friend Mr. Smith, the Banker, who was attacked 
 very seriouly in the head & stomach, so much so that his life was consider¬ 
 ed in danger. He told me that after suffering ten or twelve days, his 
 friend insisted on his seeing a Physician, even his friendly Apothecary 
 recommended it. Mr. Jones was sent for, & after hearing his case and 
 what had been done, that the Grand Canal was cleared, did not hesitate to 
 advise the use of this medicine, of the efficacy of which he had had ample 
 proofs: but in consideration of the discipline he had undergone, recom¬ 
 mended his dividing the Bottle into three doses, taking one then, another 
 the next morning & if necessary the other third in the Evening. Mr. Jones 
 paid him that visit only, & one Bottle has cured him. He is fully per¬ 
 suaded that if he had applied to that remedy at first, he should have 
 escaped much pain and confinement and, from former experiences, supposes 
 that without the medicine he should have been confined three weeks longer 
 and endured much pain. Instances happen daily of its efficacy. 
 
 I will say no more upon the subject but leave you to use your own 
 judgment, trusting you will have cause to bless me for forwarding relief 
 to you when you shall be again attacked. 
 
 So God bless you & yours, 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Look in the Saddle and you’ll find a paper parcel in which you’ll dis¬ 
 cover four Bottles — be careful of them. 
 
652 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1810 
 
 George Heriot to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 25th July, 1810. 
 
 I am happy, my dear Sir, to find that you write in such good spirits, 
 as your letters always' contain something spiriluel and which makes me 
 smile Although I cannot command my time so as to be able to write 
 you by every Post, I hope you will not allow your correspondence to drop 
 on that account. 
 
 It gives me much pleasure to learn that Miss Ann Coffin is married 
 to a husband who in case of accidents will leave her something. From the 
 little I saw of that Lady I put her down in my memory as a favorite. * * 
 
 Although Great Britain is abundantly supplied with all kinds of Tim¬ 
 ber and produce of the North of Europe, yet the commerce of Canada seems 
 to be upon the increase, and it is supposed that between eight and nine 
 hundred vessels will enter at the port of Quebec this year. Provisions as 
 well as Labour are exceedingly high and we cannot supply the want of 
 servants by antediluvians. 
 
 I returned a few days ago from the Jacques Cartier, a rapid river about 
 30 miles from Quebec, where I had been on a fishing party. It is parti¬ 
 cularly beautiful and romantic and is of considerable magnitude. 
 Although I had often before visited it, I cannot refrain from admiring it 
 every time I see it. I composed a small ode in Latin addressed to The 
 Eiver, of which the following verses descriptive of the scenery which it 
 exhibits, are a part— 
 
 Ad Eluvium Iacartinum. 
 
 Augustus inter scopulos repressus, 
 
 Rivum vexatus fundis per asperum 
 Undas, et atras fluctibus proruptis 
 Lambis speluncas. 
 
 Per Saxa, per agros, strepiter fremente 
 Fertilem agis cursum, et umbrosa 
 Nemora sonant, dum Laurentum patis 
 Ore spumante. 
 
 I now employ my leisure hours in painting with oil colours, and am 
 finishing a Venus and two Cupids with which I am tolerably pleased. Pray 
 write me soon and believe me my dear Sir, 
 
 Very truly yours. Geo. Heriot. 
 
 George Heriot to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 7th August, 1810. 
 
 My dear Sir,—In order to communicate to Mrs. Sheaffe, who is at 
 present at Three Rivers, the intelligence of the marriage of her amiable 
 
1810] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 653 
 
 relation, I took the liberty of enclosing your letter to your old acquaintance 
 the Colonel, who in return wrote me the letter which I now transmit. 
 
 You will see from the Newspapers what a disorderly set the inhabit¬ 
 ants of this province are, I mean the Lower Orders, particularly of the 
 Towns. You will likewise remark that upwards of two hundred Soldiers 
 are at present engaged in making a road to the American States line, which 
 will shorten the distance from hence to Boston nearly two hundred miles, 
 and besides afford us a good supply of beef and other provisions from the 
 Townships. In short we flatter ourselves to derive great advantages from 
 this communication with our own Townships and with Vermont, and hope 
 in a short time to live like little Irish Kings, in a Land overflowing with 
 milk and honey. Cannot something similar towards the improvement of 
 your province likewise he effected by Military aid ? and could not the road 
 between Fredericton and St. Johns be made practicable for carriages ? I 
 hope the act which the British Legislature are about to pass, laying a duty 
 upon all timber imported from foreign Countries, will he essentially bene¬ 
 ficial to your Colony as well as to this. 
 
 I hope to have the pleasure of hearing from you soon and remain, My 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Very truly Yours, 
 
 Geo. Heriot. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to George Heriot. 
 
 Kingsclear, Sept. 1810. 
 
 Your two Letters of the 7th AugT & 5th Sep’t have been delivered to 
 me since my return from my tour, and I have offer’d up a concise but very 
 emphatical thanksgiving to GOD and my friends for the kind interest 
 they have taken in my concerns. You are among the foremost my dear 
 Heriot. * * * 
 
 Col: Sheaffe* is a man whose early progress in life was watched with 
 a parental anxiety by me, somewhat resembling what I now experience for 
 this lively, honorable boyf of my own. His father and mine were old- 
 fashioned friends, sincere & affectionate. His amiable mother, with 
 daughters beautiful beyond description, (amidst scenes of war & difficulty) 
 
 ♦Colonel Sheaffe of the 49th regiment was born in Boston in 1763. A very 
 full biography covering more than nine pages is contained in Sabine’s Loyal¬ 
 ists of the American Revolution. Col. Sheaffe had a long and distinguished 
 military history, which began in Lord Percy’s regiment, the 5th of the British 
 line. He served in the West Indies, in Ireland, Canada, etc. Was present at 
 Nelson’s assault on Copenhagan in 1801. In the war of 1812 he commanded the 
 British at the capture of York (now Toronto). He rose to the rank of lieuten¬ 
 ant general in the army, was knighted and became Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, 
 baronet. He died at Edinburgh in 1851, aged 88 years. He was greatly esteemed 
 by his relatives, to whom he was particularly kind and attentive. 
 fWentworth Winslow. 
 
654 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1810 
 
 became objects of my un remit ted attention, and the searcher-of-Hearts is 
 a witness for me, how often and with what peculiar delight I have since 
 reflected upon the frequent opportunities which those turbulent times 
 offered to soothe, protect & comfort them. Hale became exclusively my 
 charge (without knowing it himself)—nor did I ever violate the solemn 
 parting engagement which I made to his trembling mother. He remained 
 with me until Lord Percy (most- fortunately for him) literally took him 
 atvay from me at Staten-Island. The rest of his history—so highly honor¬ 
 able to himself—is well known to you. I state this merely as a reason 
 for my preference for the 49th Eeg’t.* I have friends to whom I can 
 fairly look for assistance on this occasion, but my mind would not be at 
 ease unless I could place my son under a faithful guardian & adviser. Keep 
 this letter as a deposit. 
 
 I am at present tormented by a vile head-ache which almost disquali¬ 
 fies me from writing. This I fear will carry strong marks of such a malady. 
 
 The country which I have lately visited is by far the most interesting 
 & delightful part of the province of New Brunswick. The late American 
 embargo has given a spring to the Commerce, and thereby extended the 
 improvements to an incredible degree. The Banks of the St. Croix—(for¬ 
 merly Scoudiac) which in 1796j, were on both sides deserts, now exhibit 
 uncommon scenes of enterprise — industry & activity. The American 
 settlements being directly opposite to ours causes a spirit of emulation 
 which is highly beneficial to both. * * * 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 London, 34 Nottingham Place, 
 
 19th Sept., 1810. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I have now to acknowledge with the greatest pleasure 
 the rec’t of your very acceptable letter of 25th July. The measures you 
 have reported to me, are highly expedient & such as I should have pursued 
 myself. Mr. Miller’s report and Hatch’s reports will be very useful to 
 me in conducting the representations necessary for our Service; if we can 
 get them here, free from Postage, which may perhaps be done through our 
 friends Messrs. Black of your Colony, by some of their vesssels to Liverpool, 
 to the care of their correspondents there, or even via Scotland. A Box 
 with all these papers might be sent up to me here, at a small expence, & 
 very safely, if closely packed to prevent rubbing on the journey. 
 
 *This was Colonel Sheaffe’s own regiment. 
 
 fThis was at the time of the international boundary arbitration. Colonel 
 Edward Winslow was appointed secretary of the commission at the first meet¬ 
 ing held in St. Andrews, October 4, 1796. 
 
1810] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 655 
 
 The omission of the Clause of reservation of pine timber in the patents 
 for Land passing under the new Instructions, is much to he regretted, I 
 wrote fully upon the subject, but have not yet rec’d an answer. In con¬ 
 fidence, to you, I fear we shall lose that timber, and should fail in making 
 suit for seizures or penaltys. But I will press for a better authority & 
 endeavour also to get an instruction to guide us. * * * 
 
 I am very happy to hear of our dear Lieut’s welfare, & will do all in 
 my power to promote him, his & your wishes; I have already applied for 
 his removal, and in a few days expect a favorable answer. It was recom¬ 
 mended to me, not to limit his removal to a Regiment serving in N. 
 America, because if there were not a vacancy there, it might delay his 
 wishes. I will be responsible for the Fees—& will look for a good regi¬ 
 ment, good introduction & patronage in it. Your Son in the E: India 
 service was frequently with us, is an excellent, active, * * * 
 [Remainder missing.] 
 
 Colonel Williamson to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Royal Milit’y Asylum, Chelsea, 
 Oct’r 2d, 1810. 
 
 My Dear Winslow,—I am favored with your letter of the 10th July 
 last and immediately made application to the Commander in Chief respect¬ 
 ing removing your son to a Regiment of the line. Inclosed is the answer 
 received, which will be acted upon as soon as a vacancy occurs in a respect¬ 
 able old Reg’t. He might have been appointed to several Reg’ts, but I 
 requested to one in Nova Scotia or Canada, as he cannot live in England 
 upon his pay. Probably a vacancy will not happen until I hear from you. 
 Write me your wishes by the first Packet, if you have partiality for any 
 particular part of the World for him to serve in, and I will try to get him 
 appointed there, but shall not refuse Nova Scotia or Canada should they 
 offer before I hear from you. I perceive the N. B. Fencibles are made a 
 Reg’t of the Line, the 104th. I fear should they be removed from their 
 present Quarters it would annoy our friend Hailes. I write to him on 
 that subject. Gen’l Fox is settled at Seven Oakes in Kent. He is not 
 at present very well from a lame foot, but hope he will soon recover. He 
 desires his best respects to you. 
 
 Ever sincerely My dear Winslow yours, 
 
 George Williamson. 
 
 I was informed at the Horse Guards after receiving the inclosed that 
 a similar application in favor of your son had been made by Col. H. M. 
 Gordon. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1810 
 
 E. G-. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Kensington, London, Oct. 3, 1810. 
 
 My dear Sir,—* * * Our friend Gov’r Wentworth is well. Lady 
 
 W. was ill upon her arrival but is perfectly recovered—they both speak of 
 you with a warmth of friendship that delights me to hear. You will be 
 pleased to know he is in a fair way to receive a handsome addition to his 
 income from Government. 
 
 A few days ago Sir Wm. Pepperell invited a number of Loyalists to 
 dine with him in order to celebrate the completion of His Majesty’s fiftieth 
 anniversary of his reign, when we passed a very pleasant day and our absent 
 brethren were not forgotten in the circulating glass. * * * 
 
 I am sorry to inform you the King is again attacked with a most dis¬ 
 tressing malady. It is supposed the hopeless state of a beloved Daughter*, 
 together with his anxiety for the state of public affairs has brought it 
 on. * * * E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 3 Nov., 1810. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—What with his own industry and some aid from 
 his friends, Chip can at length command enough I hope to support him¬ 
 self for a twelve month in England, and as William Botsford has very 
 kindly offered to remove to the City and discharge the duties of the office 
 which Chip holds, during his absence, I have lost no time in applying to 
 Gen’l Hunter for 12 months leave of absence for him to go to England 
 on his private affairs, which I shall hope to receive by the return Post. 
 He will embark in the Caladonia or Rosina, both which ships will sail in 
 the course of the next month, and will take charge of the letters you may 
 wish to write. If you' should have occasion to write to Lord Shefield I 
 will thank you to make favorable mention of him. His object is to prose¬ 
 cute his legal studied and attend the courts in Westminster Hall. If you 
 will give him any other letters that will be of service to him I am sure 
 you will do it. You will easily realize my anxiety respecting him. 
 
 I understand that the Earl Percy has arrived, and I presume your 
 box with the medicine has been put on board one of the sloops during my 
 absence in Kings County, from whence I have just returned after consign¬ 
 ing to the Gallows and the Pillory, &c; If the medicine should kill you, 
 you may be assured I will take none of it, I should like however to read 
 the Book. 
 
 Chip desires his best respects; he is too busy to write and desires me 
 to say everything for him. Adieu ! 
 
 Ever and ever yours most affec’ly, 
 
 __ W. Chipman. 
 
 ♦The Princess Amelia. 
 
Hon. Ward Chipman. 
 
 Chief Justice of New Brunswick. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 657 
 
 1810 ] 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Edward Winslow, Junr. 
 
 Kingsclear, 17th November, 1810. 
 
 IPs a long time my dear Edward since I have seated myself for the 
 purpose of writing to you, and I confess I do not feel in a humour at 
 present to afford you much pleasure by my epistle. We yesterday parted once 
 more with poor Wentworth, who received a very sudden and unexpected 
 summons to join his regiment immediately. This was a cruel disappoint¬ 
 ment to me, as we had foolishly persuaded ourselves he would he allowed 
 to pass the winter in peace and quietness at Kingsclear. He is an uncom¬ 
 mon fine Boy and very much grown and improved*. His account of the 
 gambling and dissipation among the officers of the regiment at Newfound¬ 
 land makes me wonder (with his disposition) that he has been preserved 
 so long, and his being obliged to return to such a shocking place, with 
 every temptation to err is the source of wretchedness to us all. His is the 
 most thoughtless cheerful disposition I ever met with, and he kept the 
 house alive while he staid with us. You may easily imagine how much 
 we miss him now. We have got into the habit of being so stupid and 
 miserable of late that all Wentworth’s mischief was necessary to keep up 
 our spirits. Indeed my dear Brother poor Tom’s cruel fate can never, 
 never be forgotten by me—every day adds to the pity I feel for his un¬ 
 merited misfortunes and increases my regret for his eternal lossf. But I 
 am well convinced the goodness of his heart will be more prized in the other 
 world than it was in this. But it is not fair to write so long on this melan¬ 
 choly subject to you who know by experience how we feel. 
 
 Your friend Harriet staid part of last week with us to assist in fitting 
 out Wentworth. She is the same good girl you left her, and desires her 
 best love to you. 
 
 The Judge and myself made a short trip to St. Andrews this summer 
 which I think has been of great service to his health, as he has not had 
 a symptom of the gout for some months. After we returned, Hannah made 
 Mrs. Chipman a visit—indeed it has been quite the fashion to gad this 
 Summer. Your cousin Lucy has just returned from Halifax with Mrs 
 Pidgeon—which I assure you has not a little elevated her. She staid two 
 days with us since her return, but she has been so accustomed to the com¬ 
 pany of Lords and Ladys in the other province that she feels herself 
 embarrrassed by plain people. * * The rage for Matrimony has quite 
 
 subsided in Fredericton and Frances is a spinster yet, but as the Captain 
 is still unaltered in his attentions, I flatter myself he’ll prove a constant 
 swain. There is a new Colonel just joined (Halkett). This man I fear 
 will encourage the Captain’s natural taste for drinking, which will not 
 
 ♦Wentworth Winslow was at this time but seventeen years of age. 
 fLieut. Thomas A. C. Winslow died this year in the West Indies. 
 
658 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [I8IO 
 
 increase Fanny’s happiness of course. * * Yon will be shocked to hear 
 
 of poor LeBaron Hazen’s death; he died last week very suddenly in con¬ 
 sequence, of taking a violent cold. He is universally lamented and his loss 
 irreparable to his family, as he was the best of Sons and Brothers. 
 
 I hope you will see Chip—he leaves this for England in a few days • 
 and will be able to give you a great deal of news about us all. The Judge’s 
 box from England with his saddle, medicine, &c, arrived but yesterday. 
 Papa is delighted with the saddle and the medicine he thinks invaluable. 
 
 I sometimes think he almost wishes for a fit of the gout that he may have 
 an opportunity of trying its wonderful effects. He got your letter from 
 Madeira the 1st of June, which is the last we have heard from you — we 
 begin to be very impatient I assure you. God bless you, my dear Brother, 
 Believe me with unabated affection. Ever Yours, 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 P. S. Mary and family are well. Miller has just come to eat his 
 Sunday’s dinner with us and desires his affectionate regards to you. 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 27th Hec’r, 1810. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I hastily scratched a line to you by the last Post 
 and shall not be able to do more by this as he (the post man) goes off so 
 suddenly. 
 
 As the hour of Chip’s embarkation approaches my spirits fail me. He 
 has been so good and so affectionate a son, and of late years so useful and 
 so necessary to me, that I know not how I shall get on without him. God 
 grant that this, I hope temporary separation only, may be for the best. I 
 thank you again and again for your kind letters to go by him; my only 
 fear is that you have too much over charged the picture respecting him to 
 Lord Sheffield, and that his Lordship will consequently be too much dis¬ 
 appointed when he sees him. I have given him a line of introduction to 
 Sir W. Pepperell, and Parker has given him one to Tom Palmer*. Upon 
 the whole he goes I think as well recommended and under as favorable 
 circumstances as I could wish. 
 
 I have seen Coffin respecting the Indian Boy f and have procured a 
 letter from him to you on the subject which I enclose. My mind is too 
 
 *Thomas Palmer, of Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard in 1761. At his 
 decease in 1820 he bequeathed his library to the college, “and a good one it was.” 
 
 fThe Indian Boy was probably one of the apprentices from the Indian Academy 
 at Sussex whom Judge Winslow wished to employ about his premises. General 
 Coffin was superintendent of the institution at a salary of £125 sterling per annum. 
 
1810] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 659 
 
 much agitated to write more. You from experience must know my feel¬ 
 ings tho’ not exactly in the same degree, as mine is not only an only 
 son, hut an only child. 
 
 Adieu my dear friend; Many happy returns of the season to you & 
 yours & may God multiply his blessings upon you all prays ever, 
 
 Your faithful & affectionate, 
 
 W. Chipman. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow Jr. 
 
 Kingsclear, 31st Dec’r, 1810. 
 
 My very dear Boy,—When the last budget of letters were dispatched 
 I was ill. I have this ins’t heard that there is a possibility of overtaking 
 Chipman, and under that hope I write. One of my first duties is to thank 
 you most cordially for your very acceptable present —it has probably 
 mounted me for the remainder of my days — and I don’t see why a saddle 
 is not as good to make a hobby-horse out of as anything else: the receipt 
 of yours has had another beneficial effect — as is observed by some of my 
 friends (particularly Capt. Sproule) who swears that I have not been out 
 of town since the landing of the Saddle for one single day. It is a truth 
 my dear Ned, that I am proud of my Saddle & bridle, the other is growing 
 very shabby, Mr. Went having nearly put a finishing stroke to it. 
 
 Col. Lutwyche will acquaint you with the effects of the L’eau Medi- 
 cinale d’Husson. Indeed my dear Boy I have not for seven long years been 
 so entirely free from the Gout as at this moment. I now walk with some 
 degree of activity, & the stiffness in my knees is astonishingly abated. I 
 do not understand this “hocus pocus” business — but the fact is that I 
 have been reliev’d in a most miraculous manner, and as yet have no return 
 of my pain. I wrote for a re-inforcement of the medicine and hope noth¬ 
 ing will prevent my receiving it. 
 
 Wentworth made us a scrambling visit for a few months. A General 
 Court Martial, or some other military service, render’d it necessary for him 
 to return to Newfoundland before his furlo was expired. He left Halifax 
 on the 14th ult. and I hope is safe arrived — he’s a good fellow — but a 
 Scatterbrain. I am negotiating to remove him into the Line & have some 
 encouragement that I shall effect the object. His brother-Lieut., Richard 
 Armstrong, is under a sentence of Court-Martial & in retirement with his 
 poor old father.* He waits to know the King’s, pleasure. Penelope is 
 staying with Mrs. Hunter; her visits to that good Lady are sometimes pretty 
 lengthy. 
 
 *Lieut. Richard Armstrong was a son of General Richard Armstrong, form¬ 
 erly of the Queen’s Rangers, in which he served as major during the Revolution¬ 
 ary war. Lieut. Armstrong and his brother Alfred were living at St. Andrews 
 in 1817, in which year their father died. See under date 25th Janaury, 1785. 
 
660 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 6th January, 1811. 
 
 I give over all expectation of overtaking Chipman—this must be a fly¬ 
 ing letter by the post—the communication [on the ice] with St. John is 
 now practicable. My family are much affected by the death of Betsy Lee 
 who is to be buried to-morrow. Mr. Anderson (William) Late Sheriff was 
 buried yesterday. No other breaches that I recollect have been made in 
 our Society of late. I long most ardently to hear of your return. Lose 
 not a moment after your arrival to give us notice of it. Considerations of 
 the last possible importance to yourself reconcile me to your absence—GOD 
 only knows how severely I feel it. This winter I have beeen comforted 
 by having Henry Clopper for an occasional companion. He is a kind 
 goodhearted lad but out of spirits for want of something to do. My Sleigh 
 & horse are in good order, and the antideluvian—Jennins—is my coach¬ 
 man, so we keep it up tolerably well. The Rainsfords & John Jenkins 
 are as usual—constant visitors. In additional to my Suite, I’ve a ginger¬ 
 bread color’d young savage boy that I have undertaken to tame. A few 
 days ago he attended me to town on horse-back, but the “Count” prefer¬ 
 ring to come home, faced to the right about & set off full speed and landed 
 the Indian in a favorable spot in the centre of the stable-yard. But he’s 
 good natur’d, tractable, & honest, & I think will do very well. 
 
 Remember me affectionately to the worthy Capt. Weltden—and to my 
 best of friends at No. 6 Phillimore place. 
 
 With the most ardent love & anxious solicitude, 
 
 I am Your father & Friend, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 Kingsclear, N. B., January, 1811. 
 
 My dear Sir John,—Your letter of the 19th September relieved me 
 from a degree of anxiety which I have seldom experienced on any former 
 occasion; having never before received a line from you since your leaving 
 America, I had begun to fear that some serious misfortune had befallen 
 either Lady Wentworth or yourself. * * * 
 
 In the case of Robertson, Forsyth & Co., Contractors with His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s commissioners in England, access has been allowed them to the 
 Crown Reserves and ungranted Lands for the purpose of enabling them to 
 complete their contract with Government. * * * 
 
 It was a matter of great importance that your department should not 
 impede the fulfilment of a contract made with the Commissioners of His 
 Majesty’s Navy. On the other hand it was the cause of much concern 
 that these nurseries for Timber should be too freely resorted to, more es¬ 
 pecially as the Timber now wanted was of a young and thrifty growth. 
 
1811] 
 
 WINSLOW FAPEKS. 
 
 661 
 
 After a very careful investigation made by Mr. Miller of the several 
 tracts of land and a very serious consideration of the subject (under the 
 best information and advice I could obtain), I concluded that it was safest 
 and best to give the License for cutting such quantity of Timber upon the 
 Reserved and ungranted Lands as appeared necessary to complete the con¬ 
 tract, and of this transaction I gave you notice by Mr. Chipman. In doing 
 this there would be no detention of vessels, nor other pretence for com¬ 
 plaint, and the Timber would be applied to the use of Government at a 
 time when it was obviously very much wanted. I therefore issued the 
 License for 4,000 Tons and 400 small masts, which have been cut and 
 hauled under the Inspection of Mr. Miller, and which I suppose will be 
 obtained in season to be rafted to St. John this Spring. 
 
 Upon this subject I shall look with impatience for explicit instruc¬ 
 tions from you for my future guidance. It is Mr. Miller’s opinion that 
 (altho’ the most wanton depredations have been formerly committed on 
 the Reserves at the Oromocto and hundreds of valuable sticks now lie rot¬ 
 ting and useless upon the ground) there is a large quantity of valuable White 
 Norway Pine still remaining. 
 
 The intimate connection between Mr. Miller and myself renders writ¬ 
 ten communication from him in most cases unnecessary. Immediately 
 after his appointment such an arrangement was made as enabled me to avail 
 myself of the cool and dispassionate opinion of a Gentleman of strict honor 
 and integrity; and at the same time (when the service required it) I was 
 sure of the most spirited exertion on his paft. 
 
 The order of men who are usually employed in Lumbering (as it’s 
 called) are proverbially licentious [lawless]; the steadv and determined 
 conduct of Mr. Miller has so effectually counteracted such a spirit in this 
 district, that in his frequent excursions into the Forest no man has ever 
 attempted the least opposition to him in the execution of his official duty, 
 or presumed to offer him the smallest insult. Whenever he returns from 
 the performance of a duty I obtain from him a clear and distinct detail of 
 the events which have taken place, as well as the information he has pro¬ 
 cured and the observations he has made. When these have been maturely 
 digested I endeavour to form from the mass such concise general abstracts 
 as are calculated to afford you the most satisfactory information with the 
 least trouble to yourself, so that my Letters to you may be considered in 
 some degree as Mr. Miller’s report. * * * [Remainder missing.] 
 
 Henry Goldsmith to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saint John, 14th January, 1811. 
 
 My dear friend,—A man in pain will gladly seek a remedy anywhere, 
 even tho’ imprudence may be attached to the application; Irishmen you 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 know have almost as much impudence as Yankees. Here I am, feeling the 
 comforts of one of Chipman’s Arm Chairs, with both of my feet raised on 
 a Cuishing in much pain, as also in one of my hands and arms. I there¬ 
 fore fly to you in hopes that you will be able to afford me means of relief by 
 the loan of one bottle of your Medicinal Water, I ask it with more Assur¬ 
 ance being confident that I can in a Short time return it to you, as by a 
 Letter from my son some time since he informs me that he had forwarded 
 to me four Bottles with Doctor Jones pamphlet, but which has not yet 
 come to hand; if you can spare it I will thank you to send it by the first 
 safe Conveyance so as to relieve me from the intolerable pain I am endur¬ 
 ing, and for which I hope in a little time I shall be enabled to return you 
 personally my best thanks, I remain my dear friend, 
 
 Yours sincerely. 
 
 Hen. Goldsmith*. 
 
 Jacob S. Mott to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, January 28th, 1811. 
 
 Dear Sir,—I am induced to trouble you on a subject which concerns 
 me, and if I can obtain the situation, it will be of an advantage to me. Mr. 
 Campbell has been Post Master here many years, and there is not a doubt 
 but will retain it as long as he lives or wishes; but, Sir, he is far advanced 
 in years and very feeble, which makes me desirous to apply in time for the 
 situation. You will oblige me much, by writing a letter to Mr. Heriot, 
 the Post Master General at Quebec, for the situation for me, when vacant, 
 as one word from you, Sir, is better than twenty from me. I think I can 
 obtain such a recommendation as he will approve of. I have wrote to Mr. 
 Heriot on the subject, by this Post, and mentioned to him that I have 
 been solicited by the Gentlemen of the City, particularly the Merchants. 
 
 I am Dear Sir your humble serv’t. 
 
 Jacob S.Mottt. 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 3d Feb’y, 1811. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I have hitherto in consequence of interruptions, 
 which I did not forsee when conveyances have offered, omitted to thank you 
 for your letter and Dr. Jones’s Book; his account of the medicine is so ra- 
 
 *Henry Goldsmith was collector of customs at St. Andrews.. 
 fJacob S. Mott kept a book store in St. John at least as early as 1800. 
 He sold school books, Bibles, Testaments, spelling books, and Dilworth’s As¬ 
 sistant. In 1802 he printed the Royal Gazette, at the sign of the Bible and 
 the Crown, No. 16 Prince William street. He was born in 1773 ?,nd died in 
 1814. 
 
18111 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 tional and satisfactory that I did not hesitate to write to Chip to procure me 
 a good supply of it, tho’ I thank God I am yet without the smallest symp¬ 
 tom of Gout, and hope I shall continue so at least till the medicine arrives, 
 when I shall, if I have occasion, take it with a sure and certain hope of its 
 salutary effects. We have a report which I hope is not true, that you have 
 had another violent attack and have again had recourse to the medicine 
 hut without success. I should not however be discouraged, if its effects 
 should not he so immediately felt, I am persuaded it will eventually afford 
 relief. I had many things to write about but the time is now so fast 
 approaching when I shall see you, that I will defer all till we meet. I 
 could not however forbear to congratulate you upon Wentworth’s Lieu¬ 
 tenancy in the 41st, I hope this removal will be attended with the most 
 beneficial consequences on every account. It is everything for a young 
 man to have good examples before him, and such I fear he has not in the 
 N. Scotia Fencibles. 
 
 I will take up Dr. Jones book with me, I presume you will not want 
 it sooner. 
 
 Adieu ! till we meet. 
 
 Yours ever most faithfully & affectionately, 
 
 W. C. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 [First part of letter missing. Written in England and received 7th 
 February, 1811.] 
 
 * * * * 
 
 Your son Edward is an honorable, sensible young man. He is a 
 great favorite here, and merits it every where. His, & our, inestimable 
 friend Lutwyche kindly calls upon us. Time seems to have forgot to make 
 any visible impression on his health or appearance, at least for the last 
 twenty years. Col. Gordon was in town and dined with us about six weeks 
 since: is in high spirits; we went over all our American operations, and 
 shook hands with you at Kingselear most cordially. General Fox is abroad 
 I believe. I have not seen him nor Colonel Williamson, but will find them 
 if it should be necessary. Our good friend Putnam is unalterable both in 
 body and soul. The former is tough and blooming & the latter nobly 
 honest & faithful to his friends. 
 
 This is intended to find its way to you under care of Mr. Robinson*, 
 
 :;! Sir William Henry Robinson, K. C. H., youngest son of Col. Beverley 
 Robinson. Lady Robinson was a daughter of Cortlandt Skinner, last attorney 
 general of New Jersey under the crown, who was brigadier general in command 
 of the New Jersey Volunteers during the Revolution. One of the daughters 
 mentioned above married Major General Smelt of the British army; the other 
 married her cousin, William Henry Robinson, son of Hon. John Robinson, mayor 
 of St. John. 
 
664 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 lately appointed Commissary General of British America, as worthy and 
 valuable a man as any of the family, which is saying a great deal indeed. 
 You must have known him at New York. His wife & two young lovely 
 daughters accompany him. Mrs. R. cannot fail of being esteemed & ad¬ 
 mired in every good & well bred society. 
 
 Lady Wentworth has lately made some real progress towards a better 
 state of health but is not yet able to go to any Theatre, or public amuse¬ 
 ment. I am as well as ever, but find, after three or four hours rambling 
 in the Streets that a days march in your Forests would be too much for 
 me. 
 
 Pray remember me and Lady W. to our friends Gen’l and Mrs. Hunter 
 in the kindest manner. Lady W. is lately delighted in receiving a letter 
 from Mrs. H. * * * I hope you will find benefit from the Gout medi¬ 
 
 cine sent you by Lutwyche. It is highly confided in by many sufferers 
 who have been restored. I wish you & Judge Chipman (to whom give my 
 best respects) may be added to its list of perfect gratitude. 
 
 I am, my dear Sir, most sincerely & aff’ly 
 Your faithful friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 George Heriot to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 4th March, 1811. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I congratulate you on the good news of your son 
 Wentworth having got a lieutenancy in one of the regiments in this coun¬ 
 try. The 41st regiment is now at Montreal, which is a very pleasant 
 quarter. * * * 
 
 Yesterday, being Sunday, I went in the afternoon to the French 
 Cathedral to hear M. de Calonne, brother of the late Financier of France, 
 who is here celebrated as a preacher. His manner is violent and boisterous, 
 and calculated to make an impression on the lower orders, to whom he 
 chiefly addresses himself. His sermons are extemporaneous and he plainly 
 appears to be in earnest in his address. The extravagance of his action, 
 violates as Doctor Johnson remarks the propriety of language, but it is 
 better to use violence of action and loud vociferation than lose the oppor¬ 
 tunity of converting souls. The preacher is about eighty-four years of age. 
 There was one poetical flight in the course of his sermon which I thought 
 rather pretty :— 
 
 “ Mes freres, vous ne regardez pas la Croix—vous n’avez point d’amour 
 “pour la Croix — vous avez le coeur froid comme la glace de ees regions 
 “ Hyperboraes ou vous demeurez —Yous avez le coeur dur comme les roches 
 “ que le fleuve St. Laurent lave avec ses ondes.” 
 
1811] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Speaking of the St. Lawrence puts me in mind of the pont or bridge 
 across to Point Levi. The river is now frozen over, a circumstance which 
 seldom occurs, and which becomes a pleasant & convenient amusement to 
 the inhabitants, although the facility of communication thereby afforded 
 with the opposite country has had little or no influence in reducing the high 
 prices of the articles of life. This country has become almost as extrava¬ 
 gant as England, and the “habitants” are the only people who enrich them¬ 
 selves, as all the silver passes ultimately into their coffers, where it will 
 be hidden for years from the face of day. This causes a great scarcity of 
 money, as there is no possibility under our government of again drawing 
 the coin from its dark recesses. 
 
 I shall be happy to hear from you soon and believe me, 
 
 Sincerely yours. 
 
 Geo. Heriot. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to G. W. Murray. 
 
 Kingsclear, N. Bruns’k, 7th April, 1811. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Your letter of the 4th March from N. York has been hand¬ 
 ed to me by Gen’l Coffin, and I regret that it is not in my power to give 
 you full satisfaction upon a subject which cannot fail to excite considerable 
 Interest and Concern. The following facts, however, adverted to in your 
 letter are within my recollection : 
 
 When Boston was evacuated, F. Hutchison Esq:* was Judge, & I was 
 Registrar of Probate, for the County of Suffolk, and I was at the same time 
 Acting Collector of Customs for the Port of Boston. 
 
 On the morning of the evacuation the Public Buildings were in pos¬ 
 session of a Licentious Rabble, the doors of the Offices were forced and the 
 Records & papers were exposed to instant destruction. Having a party 
 at my Command, and impressed with a due sense of the importance of 
 preserving them, I found means to pack up and place on board a Transport 
 not only the Records of the Probate Office but also those of the Registry 
 of Deeds & Custom House, the latter Office had been peculiarly exposed, 
 having been occupied as a Military Guard Room the preceding night. At 
 that time Sam’l Fitch Esq; who was Judge of the Court of Vice Admiralty, 
 had been several days embarked on board ship with his family, one of 
 whom (a very interesting daughter) was dangerously ill. 
 
 On our arrival at Hal’fax, I made application to the Governor of the 
 province to take the Books & papers into the protection of his Government. 
 Accordingly a place was assigned them in the Surrogate’s Office in Nova 
 
 ♦Foster Hutchinson was a judge of the supreme court of Massachusetts, 
 and a brother of Thomas Hutchinson, the last royal governor of Massachusetts. 
 He went to Halifax in 1776 with his family of twelve persons and spent the 
 remainder of his life there. 
 
666 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 Scotia, under the care of the Surrogate Gen’l, Mr. Morris, reserving a right 
 of access to them upon any emergent occasion by Judge Hutchison, who 
 was to remain there. 
 
 The Packages were at that time apparently in perfect good order, but 
 whether every Book (particularly of the Register of Deeds Office) was in¬ 
 cluded in the packages (formed amidst scenes of such confusion) it is 
 impossible for me to say. The Anecdote respecting Mr. Fitch* I never 
 heard mentioned, altho’ I was upon terms of great intimacy with him & his 
 family, nor do I conceive it probable that he should have encumbered him¬ 
 self with two large folio Vols. of Public Records, in which he had neither 
 interest or connection and that at a time when he was sinking under the 
 pressure of Domestic anxieties and afflictions; if such volumes were by any 
 accident found in his possession, I should conjecture that they belonged 
 to the Court of Vice Admiralty, which were ex officio in his charge. 
 
 I left Halifax with the King’s Army and remained with it till the end 
 of the war. Several applications were made for the restoration of the 
 Records which were rejected, but after the publication of the Treaty they 
 were delivered by Judge Hutchison, under proper authority, to a committee 
 appointed by Governor Hancock to receive them, safe and entire as I after¬ 
 wards understood from the Judge. I believe a Mr. Kent, who was at one 
 time State Attorney was one of the Committee. * * * 
 
 &c., &e. Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Colonel E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 1 May, 1811. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Your very interesting letter gave us and a few 
 select friends great pleasure. Catherine,! who thinks she has a right to 
 see your letters, seized it with eagerness, nor could I get it until she had 
 perused the whole. The contents caused much laughter, but when she 
 came to the monument it excited sensations which cannot he described, 
 and produced a sensibility which would not have displeased you to have 
 witnessed. How delicate, how sublime the thought, and how elegantly 
 expressed. We offer you all we can in return, our thanks for the huge 
 gratification it afforded us, for to you alone appertains the privilege of 
 
 *G. W. Murray in the letter, to which the above is Judge Winslow’s reply, says : 
 that Judge Cushing made application, soon after the organization of the State of 
 Massachussets, for the records that had been taken away. This request was not com¬ 
 plied with till after the peace in 178.> when, however, not all of the missing books came 
 back. Mr. Murray was informed that a gentleman named Fitch had found in a trunk 
 two books marked on the back “ Suftolk.” He wonld like to regain possession of 
 these books he said. 
 
 fColonel Lutwyche’s daughter, Mrs. Weltden. 
 
1811J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 667 
 
 clothing your Ideas in this agreeable manner. The scrap I have since 
 received, announcing the prompt effects of the medicine, gave me the most 
 heartfelt satisfaction. Young Chip is indeed a nice young man, just such 
 as every Father would wish his son to be. Well may his parents he proud 
 of him. I was delighted with the thought of seeing the son of my old 
 friend; but now we are acquainted with him we begin to anticipate much 
 regret at thoughts of parting with him, and fear the short lived pleasure 
 of his acquaintance will not compensate for the pain of a separation. 
 
 The “Indus” arrived safe at Bengal the 17th Nov’r. Your son 
 Edward was left at Madras to settle some business there which Capt. Welt- 
 den had not time to finish, but had reached Bengal safe and well. They 
 are expected here in July. From the uncommon length of the voyage, 
 they have been hurried, and my young friend did not write, but this I hope 
 will make you happy and your surrounding family together with his numer¬ 
 ous friends, for such he must have wherever he has lived. 
 
 The campaign in Portugal has opened and closed must auspiciously. 
 Massena with all his boast of driving the British into the sea has been com¬ 
 pelled to abandon his object and make a most disgraceful retreat, pursued 
 by Lord Wellington into Spain. Thus has terminated an expedition plan’d 
 by the Corsican* and placed under highest Generals with 80,000 veteran 
 troops, which has been completely frustrated to the great glory of the 
 British and the disgrace of the French. There is not a Frenchman, except 
 prisoners, in the Kingdom of Portugal. The present year is replete with 
 success. The Battle of Busaco and that of Barossa have crowned our 
 warriors with laurels and the conquest of Bourbon and Mauritias is highly 
 honorable to both navy and army. In addition our King is fast recover¬ 
 ing. * * * 
 
 &c., &c., E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Edward Winslow Jr. 
 
 6th June, 1811. 
 
 As I know postage is a great thing in England, I never allow 
 a private opportunity to escape without an epistle, and I flatter myself my 
 dear Edward ere this you are once more safely fixed at Kensington in 
 readiness to receive any communications from Kingsclear. 
 
 The Judge’s French medicine has I assure you made quite a new man 
 of him. He now seldom submits to more than one day’s pain from the 
 gout but takes this wonderful medicine in the evening and the next morn¬ 
 ing gets up as well as usual. * * * 
 
 ♦Bonaparte. 
 
668 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 I am happy to say that matrimony begins to flourish here again. Miss 
 Sproule and Capt. Moodie* have at last entered the “Holy estate” and Miss 
 George on the very brink of it with the Colonel of the 104tht. In the 
 last match I fear there is little prospect of happiness. The Col. is very 
 much given to drink and appears to want common understanding, but is 
 of a good family and a full Colonel, which I fear is his most predominant 
 attraction even in the eyes of the family. Bell Hailes and Postmaster Car¬ 
 michael are also going to be married in a few weeks—these are not flirt¬ 
 ations but settled things. ’Tis thought this regiment is to move to Halifax 
 immediately which I confess I am very sorry for. At present almost all 
 the officers are out on the recruiting service; Hunter, Jenkins, Maule, &c., 
 &e., are in Canada. I shall be grieved indeed if the removal of the regi¬ 
 ment carries the General off as I shall miss Mrs. Hunter most shockingly. 
 I returned only last week from spending almost a month with her. She 
 is certainly one of the best women in the world. I don’t know what puts 
 it in my head but I always thought Mrs. Weltden and she must be very 
 much alike; she is so gentle and kind to everybody, and though she never 
 felt misfortunes herself, she knows how to pity and feel for those that 
 have. I spend a fortnight with her once in a while, which pleasure I 
 should be very sorry to miss. * * * 
 
 When you are a rich man, my dear Edward, I’ll thank you to send for 
 me, unless you meet with a housekeeper in England more suited to your 
 taste. We had letters from Wentworth yesterday. The poor fellow has 
 been sick owing to a most severe cold he took on the passage. He is going 
 to Canada immediately where we shall be able to hear from him frequently. 
 Give my love to Chip who I presume you will see very often. * * * 
 
 Your affectionate sister. 
 
 P. 
 
 *“ Married at Fredericton, April 2, 1811, by the Rev. George Pidgeon, rector, 
 “ Captain Robert Moodie of the 104th Regiment to Miss Frances, third daughter 
 “ of Hon. George Sproule, surveyor general.” 
 
 Captain Moodie served as major in the war of 1812. He was killed in 
 Upper Canada during the rebellion in 1837. See Lawrence’s “Foot Prints” at 
 D. 92. 
 
 fThe New Brunswick Fencible Regiment was on February 18, 1811, gazetted 
 as the 104th Regiment of the British line. The commanding officer was Brig. 
 Gen. Martin Hunter, and Lieut. Col. Alexander Halkett was second in command. 
 The reference in the letter is to Lt. Col. Halkett. Gen. Hunter’s position was 
 that of honorary colonel. Among the officers of the 104th in the year 1813 
 were majors, William Drummond and Robert Moodie; Captains, Thomas 
 Hunter, R, Leonard, John Maule, A. G. Armstrong and Geo. Shore; lieutenants, 
 Andrew Rainsford, Charles Rainsford, James DeLancey, Wm. B. Phair, Thornes 
 Leonard and Andrew Playfair; ensigns, James Miller, J. A. McLaughlan. See 
 list at p. 31 in the pamphlet “St. John and Its Business,” by James Hannay. 
 
1811J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jun’r. 
 
 Kingsclear, 13th June, 1811. 
 
 My very dear Son,—I indulge the hope that this letter will find you 
 in England, well and happy. This anticipation keeps me cheerful under 
 many perplexities. Our separation is indispensibly necessary and my anxi¬ 
 eties are natural, and cannot be alleviated by any other means than by 
 confirmation under your own hand. In you my son, my principal hopes 
 are centred—any accident happening to you would render the remaining 
 days of my life—insupportable. What I have suffered on account of your 
 two elder brothers is known only to the Searcher of Hearts & myself. 
 Wentworth is now a Lieutenant in His Majesty’s 41st reg’t of foot— 
 (one of the best regiments in the King’s service). He is under good pat¬ 
 ronage and station’d at Monti eal, where I presume he will be contented and 
 comfortable. He is a good officer, of very prepossessing address, and with 
 a large allowance of humour and vivacity — uncommonly well made and 
 handsome. The garrison of Newfoundland is confined and affords no other 
 amusement but drinking & gambling. He will now have more inviting 
 pursuits, and I flatter myself that in real service he will be distinguished. 
 My [American] countrymen, I believe, mean to put us all to the test very 
 soon in these colonies. I say soon, because I conceive it impossible that 
 the British Government can longer endure the insolent equivocation & 
 provoking threats of these Americans, who are but just peeping from their 
 shell and scarcely deserve the name of a nation. * * * If they have 
 
 any expectation that their political parent Great Britain will persevere in 
 treating them as “froward children,” with tenderness & affection on the 
 present occasion—I trust they will find their mistake. This delicate sen¬ 
 timent has too long deluded our Government. Mama must he a ridiculous 
 old fool indeed if she suffers these dear little ones to spit in her face, & 
 knock her down. I think it will be more likely that such base ingratitude 
 will excite her indignation and induce her to bestow upon ’em the chastise¬ 
 ment which they so richly deserve. America offers now to view one general 
 Cabal. Electioneering is “a business,” and the swindling tricks & decep¬ 
 tions of the Hustings are introduced in an improved state into the branches 
 of the Legislature. Their debates are replete with vulgar abuse, and ex¬ 
 cept from one or two speakers you find nothing to enliven the scene, or 
 attract attention. Once in a while — to be sure — there’s a fight or two, 
 but they are not very interesting as it is not a common thing to kill one 
 another. In short their Government has not existed long enough to 
 acquire either character or consistency, and as to the laws of nations and 
 the principles of public honor, &c, &c, &c, they will not do to mix up with 
 the rest part of the system. Thus circumstanced—sans ships—sans funds 
 —sans inclination—sans everything—they must have some other ally, beside 
 
670 WINSLOW PAPERS 1.1811 
 
 Beelzebub & Napoleon, before they can make any serious change in the 
 affairs of Great Britain. 
 
 I know not in what manner a war would affect us . An invasion of 
 this province would be a bad speculation—they certainly would get a few 
 hard knocks, and I cannot exactly discern what else they’d be likely to 
 acquire. The. old Acadians*, as well as the Canadians, are undoubtedly 
 disaffected, but they are contemptible and unenterprising, and, moreover, 
 I do not discover any advantage that could result to America from the 
 possession of any of these Colonies. 
 
 Our province (to use an American expression) is “progressing,” but I 
 fear unless more conciliatory measures are adopted [by Great Britain], and 
 the original compact and constitution be more gravely & carefully attended 
 to, there will be a great abatement of that zeal & alacrity which has always 
 distinguished the inhabitants of N. B. 
 
 Our metropolis is wonderfully increased and is really a very beautiful 
 town, our shoe makers are all turned merchants and appear to have made 
 their fortunes, Slason, Sewell & E. Sloot have erected fine houses & are 
 importers of goods. Mark Needham has bought Wm. Hazen’s house for 
 £700, & -Grosvenor, the Messman, has built a complete house & is a very 
 good man. A genteel house is also built by James Berton & all the street 
 round about Capt. Sproule’s is filled up. From Blair’s corner the street 
 is continued to the wind-mill, and the lots will soon be built upon. * * 
 
 While you are in. England I wish you would enquire the expence of 
 a strong second hand Carriage & Harnesses. I should prefer 4 low wheels 
 made with substantial tire. I cannot longer exist without—you know how 
 I am situated & how feeble my limbs are, and I am reluctantly compelled 
 now, too frequently to omit my duty at Council & Court. I think such 
 a thing, if it can be found, may be sent out in some of the Spring Mast 
 Ships free of expence:—it should be fixed to go with two horses or one, it 
 must be a decent one, and as it is a monstrous speculation for me, it must 
 be done deliberately & under the best possible advice. You will let me 
 know the result of your enquiries and amount of the expence, I shall then 
 see if I can accomplish the object. Bern ember me in the most affection¬ 
 ate maqner to Capt. Weltden and to the family at Phillimore-place No. 6. 
 To Chi pm an. and all my other friends also—-& let me hear from you by 
 every possible chance, arid may God shower his blessings upon you. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 *Bishop Plessis of Quebec, who visited Madawaska in 18i2, thus speaks of 
 the disposition Of the Acadians with regard to the war 
 “ On conpoit que dans un moment de guerre, il est difficile de compter beaucoup sur les 
 “dispositions du peuples qui habite une telle contrde, et dont le sort ne peut-6tre fixe 
 “qu’it la paix prochaine. Aussi plusieurs de ces habitant sont-ils dernierement refuse de 
 “ remplirle devoir de miliciens britannique. ‘Dans deux mois,’ disent-ils, ‘on d6cidera 
 “ peut-etre que nous appartenons aux Americaiens; quelle n6cessit£ de nous exercer pour 
 “ les aller combattre ? ’ ” 
 

 
1811] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 671 
 
 George Heriot to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 3d. July, 1811. 
 
 My dear Sir,—I was favored with your letter of the 10th ulto. accom¬ 
 panying a packet for your son Wentworth, which Major Maule was so 
 obliging as to call at my house to deliver. I have only had the pleasure 
 of seeing your son twice since his arrival at this place, as he took up his 
 residence at a great distance from my house. He appears in good health 
 and is grown much stouter than when I had the pleasure of seeing him at 
 Halifax. He did me the favor to take a family dinner with me on Sunday. 
 I should have been happy to have had his company oftener during his stay 
 here, if he had not resided at so great a distance. He informed me that 
 he was to set out on Monday or Tuesday last for Montreal with a party in 
 a Batteau, to join his regiment at that place. I wish it had been to join 
 the 49th at Three Bivers. As you have not given me any trouble, it is un¬ 
 necessary to apologize, and I am happy whenever it is in my power to 
 oblige or serve my friends. 
 
 War with the United States appears to me inevitable, and whenever it 
 takes place, their navy will soon disappear. An American war must, from 
 the nature of the country, be productive of more instances of inhumanity, 
 and barbarity, than any other, as the savages will not remain idle specta¬ 
 tors, but exercise their native ferocity on the families of inoffensive 
 and remote settlers. Warfare has ever been the principal occupation of 
 mankind. Peace is only a breathing time, and a great portion of the civil¬ 
 ized world is occupied in that interval, in multiplying, inventing and im¬ 
 proving the instruments of destruction. * * * 
 
 I do not apprehend that the calm tranquility of Hew Brunswick is 
 likely to be disturbed by the war. The only mode of avoiding calamity is 
 to be prepaied for its encounter. Your son has this moment, (11 o’clock) 
 called on me, and I have desired him to send his Letters to be enclosed 
 herewith. He says he sets out tomorrow. 
 
 I remain with regard. My Dear Sir, 
 
 Yours very faithfully, 
 
 George Heriot. 
 
 Colonel Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Kensington, Sept. 16, 1811. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I am greatly in arrears for your entertaining letters 
 and so I fear I must remain. * * * [Letter refers to efforts made on 
 
 behalf of Mrs. Davidson (whose husband Capt. John Davidson had died 
 May 13, 1810) in order to obtain for her a pension. Capt. and Mrs. Welt- 
 den and Edward Winslow, jr., lately had arrived at Dover.] 
 
672 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 Edward has no doubt rejoiced yon with an account of his adventures 
 this voyage to which I shall only add that he is well and stands well with 
 Capt. W. * * * Dover has had its usual effect of continuing the 
 
 health of your old friend which is as much as he can expect or desire. To 
 renovate youth after 73, is not in the nature of things. 
 
 The State Chair is ordered and will be forwarded by the first good op¬ 
 portunity. I have added on the back, to give it importance when not 
 filled, the King’s Arms handsomely carved. In all other respects it is like 
 the Lord Chancellor’s. The price is enhanced by it but I flatter myself it 
 will please. Young Chip agreed with me in the addition. 
 
 &c., &c., E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Kingselear, N. B. 25th Nov’r, 1811. 
 
 At present I am very free from that tormenting complaint, the gout, 
 and am surrounded by my five chearful daughters in my comfortable habi¬ 
 tation at Kingselear. Miller was with us yesterday—according to ancient 
 usage—he & his wife & precious flock of little ones eat their dinner with 
 us every Sunday, and as they attend Church before they come up, ’tis part 
 of the bargain that they make as much noise as they please. Your sisters 
 say that every domestic occurrence is regularly communicated to you, and 
 that a batch of ’em has been forwarded by the fall ships. With respect to 
 our public affairs I do not of late trouble myself much about ’em. My 
 duty on the Bench is performed with as much punctuality as my health 
 will allow, but as a Counsellor, (thanks to an Irish mandamus which re¬ 
 quires Military men to excute civil offices & Civil men to fight) I have 
 rather inclined to retreat. The presidents of the Council are relieved here 
 now with as little ceremony as an officer’s guard. In August Major-Gen¬ 
 eral-President Hunter was ordered on Military service to Halifax, and in 
 September Major-General Balfour was ordered by the Military-General 
 commanding at Halifax to proceed to New Brunswick and take upon him 
 the Civil & Military command. Accordingly M. G. Balfour was sworn in as 
 President. In October M. G. Hunter was ordered back again to New 
 Brunswick, but specially commanded to take his station at the City of St. 
 John—so that His Honor the president now resides eighty miles from the 
 seat of Government. His Majesty’s Council (of course) are not very fre¬ 
 quently consulted. This General we are told is to be off early in the 
 Spring. What will be the consequence of measures so grossly absurd can¬ 
 not be anticipated, but it appears to me that the united abilities of all His 
 Majesty’s Ministers could not have contrived a measure better calculated 
 
1811J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 678 
 
 to alienate the affections of the people and to check the progress of this 
 flourishing Colony. 
 
 I wrote you some time ago, and suggested to you that I am under the 
 indispensible necessity of procuring some kind of strong carriage to convey 
 me from my house to town. My limbs & particularly my knees are so 
 crippled that I cannot mount a horse or ride without excruciating pain, and 
 if the weather is wet, I am very often prevented from attending my duty 
 at the Supreme Court for two or three days together, a circumstance which, 
 considering the liberal salaries we receive, is the source of great concern to 
 me. My idea is that some unfashionable 4 wheel Chaise may be found 
 2d hand, cheap. That (if practicable) it should be purchased without the 
 wheels, and four low wheels strong as Truck wheels should be procured for 
 it, the harness also should be plain and strong. There is not any man in 
 the world whose judgment I would sooner rely on than Sir John Went¬ 
 worth’s on such an occasion. I wish my friends would lay their wise heads 
 all together upon this important occasion, on which my life and reputation 
 so materially depends. Such a Carriage may be sent out in a mast-ship 
 almost freight free. The bearer of this commands one, and he is as good 
 a man as ever was born. The carriage may be stuffed with any articles for 
 the use of my family, such as a piece or two of Cotton (white), Do. of 
 Linnen, 1 Do flannel—1 or 2 dark Waist-coat patterns, some shoes & stock¬ 
 ings for my daughters—2 or 3 different sizes,'2 or 3 pieces of figur’d cotton 
 for gowns. If Col. Lutwyche has not sent me out the cloth for 6 Pelises 
 for the Girls let it come by the same conveyance, I also must have 1 piece 
 sheeting, 1 piece for Table Cloths &c. You know the kind of assortment 
 which will suit our wants—among which is 9 rolls of decent paper hang¬ 
 ings for our drawing room with the bordering. 
 
 Pray let us hear by every packet. 
 
 God bless you prays your father, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 P. S. This is a scrambling letter, my dear Edward, wrote in great 
 haste to catch a flying conveyance to St. John. I intend to write to you 
 again & to Col. Lutwyche by Capt. Boag.* Let me be kindly remembered 
 to Ward Chipman; his father writes him everything of course. A letter 
 from me would not be of much consequence to him. Show Boag any civil¬ 
 ity in your power. Penelope begs me to add to my mem. a set of Table 
 & Desert Knives & forks, & a small crate of Table Crockerv. 
 
 ♦The captain of the mast ship Caledonia. 
 
674 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1811 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Kingsclear 30th Dec’r, 1811. 
 
 4 o’clock evg. 
 
 [Rec’d at Calcutta 23d. Dec. 1812.] 
 
 My dear Edward,—Our very valuable neighbor and friend George Lee 
 has sent us a message that he sets oif at daylight tomorrow morning—by 
 which fact I am precluded from writing a very long letter, and your sisters 
 are in the same predicament. We have only time to say that we have been 
 all collected at Christmas from the Venerable Colonel* and Mrs. Miller 
 downwards, making with the young ones about 30, all in great spirits and 
 good health, and all uniting in a flowing bumper to your long life & pros¬ 
 perity. 
 
 I wrote to you by Capt. Boag of the Caledonia, which I hope you have 
 received. You will be pleased by hearing of the safe arrival of your long 
 lost brother Murray; he is weather beaten & much worn down by the 
 vicissitudes through which he has just past, but he appears fully sensible of 
 many errors, is a pleasant companion—affectionate & kind—in my present 
 solitude I consider him a great acquisition. * * * 
 
 George Lee expresses great anxiety to meet you in England, I hope 
 he’ll not be disappointed—to him I refer you for many particulars respect¬ 
 ing our domestic concerns; you will of course be highly gratify’d to see 
 him. There’s a general torrent of Messages round the table from Lucy 
 Miller & the whole corps of sisters, not one of which is worth communicat¬ 
 ing. 
 
 I am now free from Gout but lame. My friends have protested 
 against my further use of Husson’s medicine & I have borne 7 weeks pain 
 which I could have cured in 5 hours. Give my best regards to Chipman. 
 
 Yours my dear Edward most affectionately, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 February 12, 1812. 
 
 My dear Winslow,-— * * * Capt. Weltden is on the eve of de¬ 
 
 parture. He takes leave this day, all is hurry & bustle here. Edward is 
 of course involved in it. He is, however, perfectly well & very diligent & 
 as amiable as ever, only I must repeat that he has not quite devil enough 
 for his profession, but he has other qualities which amply compensate for 
 that defect. He will speak for himself. 
 
 Chip is too good a son and correspondent to leave you in any uncer¬ 
 tainty about him. He is industrious as a bee, is constantly in pursuit of 
 
 ♦See biographical note under date February 1, 1806. 
 
1812] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 675 
 
 knowledge, & I am confident will lay in as good a store of knowledge as any 
 young man who ever came to this country. I think, take him for all in 
 all, he is one of the finest young men I ever knew. No parents ever had 
 greater reason to he satisfied and proud of their Children than Chipman & 
 yourself. Should the Americans he mad enough to disturb you what a 
 fortunate circumstance will it be that your children are so eligibly situated. 
 Chip’s residence and education here will prove of incalculable advantage. 
 
 Major General Smyth is appointed to succeed Gen’l Hunter.,* * * 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Judge Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 8th May, 1812. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—A very awkward circumstance has taken place, 
 which I exceedingly regret and am ashamed to relate; A verv stupid old 
 Servant that I have, was the other day sent into the cellar to open a barrel 
 of fish, which was purchased for herrings: he reported that they were 
 mackerel, I immediately informed Edwin Hazen (of whom the fish were 
 purchased) of this unexpected difference in the quality of the fish, who 
 supposed it to be a mistake made at his store, as they did the last season 
 take some mackerel at Cape Quiddy as well as herrings. William Hazen 
 being in want of some fish, I divided the barrel with him; and the old 
 Gentleman* being very fond of mackerel, I sent some of the remaining 
 half to him, of which we have also been since using for ourselves. It oc¬ 
 curred to me suddenly about an hour ago, while at dinner, that early in 
 the winter I received a barrel of Mackerel from Halifax for you, which was 
 put into my cellar to be sent up by the first Vessel. With fear and trepi¬ 
 dation I ordered the barrel thus opened to be examined, and upon inspect¬ 
 ing the head, which had been placed undermost in stowing it away, there 
 was, Alas! found nailed upon it a card directed to you. So that I have 
 thus unwittingly & to my great mortification been disposing of your barrel 
 of Mackerel. But the mischief is done, and nothing now remains but to 
 know how I can make amends for the mistake. Shall I pay to you the 
 amount? Shall I replace it in a barrel of fish of any kind? Or will you 
 next fall instead of one order two barrels of Mackerel from Halifax and let 
 me keep one of them and pay for both. Either of these alternatives I will 
 most readily and chearfully comply with, and then shall have no remaining 
 trouble about it, but the apprehension that you will be greatly disappointed 
 in not receiving your Mackerel, as you must have expected to do, by Pine’s 
 Sloop that sailed a few days ago for Fredericton. I am so much provoked 
 
 ♦The reference is to the Hon. William Hazen, Judge Chipman’s father-in- 
 law. 
 
676 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1812 
 
 at the business that I can add no more upon that or any other subject, 
 more especially as I wrote to you so fully yesterday, but that I am as ever. 
 Most faithfully & affectionately yours, 
 
 W. Chipman. 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 20th November, 1812. 
 
 Do not my dearest Edward attribute my long silence to any falling off 
 of my affection; this indeed is not the case. I’ll do you the justice to say 
 that as yet we have had no reason to complain of you. We had two epistles 
 from you while at Madeira, 
 
 This hateful American war has frightened us not a little—this pro¬ 
 vince has not as yet suffered by it, but there is terrible work in Upper Can¬ 
 ada. Poor Wentworth is in the midst of it. He is with General Sheaffe 
 at present. 
 
 I know of no great changes in our domestic concerns since I wrote 
 you last, except the marriage of your cousin Lucy to an Assistant Surgeon 
 of this regiment (Doctor Woodforde*) which took place last week. He is 
 a very fine young man only three and twenty years old. You will recollect 
 that there must be some disparity in their years, which was the only ob¬ 
 jection to the match. It was a very sudden affair and has excited a few 
 illnatured remarks. The number of spinsters in our circle is reduced 
 pretty low and Fredericton is more stupid than ever. Our present Presid¬ 
 ent, General Smythf, is not very popular. He is a stiff pedantic old thing 
 —his wife young, handsome, gay and thoughtless—quite unfit to be at the 
 head of such a society as this. He has pitched upon Guy Coffin as his aide- 
 de-camp, and he and his wife have removed to Fredericton. I have been 
 
 ♦Doctor William Woodforde was born in Somersetshire, England. He was 
 assistant surgeon in the 104th Regiment. After the war of 1812 he returned 
 to Fredericton and practised his profession. His family comprised two sons 
 and two daughters—one of the sons was the late Dr. Samuel G. Woodforde of 
 Woodstock, N. B., who was born in Fredericton, April 20, 1823. 
 
 fin the south transept of the Cathedral in Fredericton there is a fine marble 
 tablet to the memory of Lieut. Governor George Stacey Smyth. A beautiful 
 medallion at the top shows the strong features of the resolute old soldier, 
 whose sculptured sword recalls the field of Waterloo, where he was A. D. C. 
 to Wellington. The tablet was first erected in the old parish church? which 
 stood near the river side. A circle of trees now marks the spot at or near 
 which Gen. Smyth was interred. The tablet, as we learn from the inscription, was 
 erected by a daughter and son by his first wife as a token of their grateful 
 remembrance of their father and to record his virtues. Lieut General Smyth 
 died March 27, 1828, and it is a rather remarkable coincidence that the Rev. 
 James Milne, rector of Fredericton, died on the same day. An eloquent sermon 
 was preached in connection with the double event by the Rev. James Somer¬ 
 ville, president of the college. Lieut. General Smyth was a tory of the old 
 school, a most conscientious, but not particularly popular governor. Perhaps 
 his best work was in connection with education. 
 
1813] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 677 
 
 a great invalid this year and was sent to St. John this summer for the 
 benefit of my health and I assure you the jaunt had a very salutary effect. 
 You have of course long ere this received our letters of acknowledgement 
 and thanks for the things you sent us in the Spring. Indeed my dear 
 brother I’m afraid your good will has induced you to be more bountiful 
 than you could well afford. Your donation of muslin was most accept¬ 
 able, and has made us fine, for some time at least. Every article you pro¬ 
 cured for us was exactly what we wished and wanted, but you did not pay 
 my figure a proper compliment in the size of the gown and pelise. They 
 were about an inch too large in the waist, and more than two inches too 
 short in the skirt. I am much reduced in bulk since you saw me. The 
 Judge has been afflicted with frequent attacks of the gout and violent pains 
 in his head of late. The gout is not so violent as it used to be but returns 
 much oftener. 
 
 Your friend Jenkins is a Captain in the Glengarry* regiment, and 
 fighting in Canada. We have lost our neighbors Garden and Lee—they 
 both died this summer. Charles Lee is employed in the Commissariat and 
 is certainly going to marry Sally Odell. 
 
 &c., &c., 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 [This letter is addressed to Edward Winslow, Esq’r, Purser of the 
 Indus—at the Jerusalem Coffee House, London, England.] 
 
 Memorandum of Judge Winslow. 
 
 Kingsclear, 2d. January, 1813. 
 
 “It is now seven months since this right hand of mine has been crip- 
 “ pled with the Gout, insomuch that I have not been able to write a single 
 “ page, and to me this has been a great misfortune indeed, because hitherto 
 “ writing has furnished a principal source of my amusement.” 
 
 [In Edward Winslow’s handwriting—rather feeble.] 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 March 1st, 1813. 
 
 To see your handwriting my dear Winslow was a cordial, tho’ your 
 employing an amanuensis gave me a twinge. By a letter from Mr. Leon¬ 
 ard of the 1st January I was relieved by his saying you were then recov- 
 
 •John Jenkins recruited a company in the Glengarry Light Infantry. The 
 corps consisted mainly of Scottish immigrants who had settled themselves near 
 Kingston, Ontario. Captain Jenkins was a tall, fine looking young officer. 
 As already mentioned in these notes, his father, Lieut. Jenkins, had seen hard 
 service in the Revolutionary war. 
 
678 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1813 
 
 ered. Both letters came by Mr. Jarvis whom I have not yet seen. * * 
 
 Mr. Leonard mentions an apprehension of some of the mails being 
 taken, & from the numerous privateers which infest your coast it is too 
 probable. I am glad the articles sent have proved so useful & such a 
 saving. Would it not be advisable to import what necessaries you want, 
 by which you will avoid the enormous discount on your bills [of exchange] 
 as well as the extravagant charges of your merchants. 
 
 Mrs. Weltden has received letters from her husband, dated 17th 
 Sept’r, just arrived at Madras all well. He particularly mentions Edward. 
 Believe me my friend I most heartily sympathise with you all in New 
 Brunswick, for tho’ the reluctance your immediate neighbors feel to hostili¬ 
 ties* may for a time prevent the distresses consequent upon active opera¬ 
 tions, yet such a state must be productive of much trouble and vexation. 
 The disgraceful defeats of the American land forces has been counter¬ 
 balanced by the unforseen & unexpected success at sea. However I trust 
 their triumph will be of short duration as a force is now prepared or pre¬ 
 paring that will compel them either to keep in port or subject them to be 
 captured if they venture out. It is true such a force ought to have been 
 ready to strike a decisive blow the moment war was declared, & why it 
 was neglected no satisfactory reason has been assigned. * * * 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 St. John, 3d. April, 1813. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—You will perceive by the papers that the Prize 
 Vessels are to be sold here, and I am told that the cargo of the Flour 
 Vessel turns out well and Hazen means to sell in'small lots to accommo¬ 
 date the suffering community. I mean to secure one or two barrels for 
 myself and wish to know from you by the first opportunity how many 
 barrels you would wish to have. * * * 
 
 From our latest accounts from Fredericton I much fear that the Pre¬ 
 sident’s relapse will prove fatal, and I do feel very much distressed for him 
 and for the helpless family he will leave if he should be taken away. 
 
 I have letters from Chip by the mail to 16 Jan’y, when he was very 
 veil. He had received letters from Fitzgerald, who was in winter quar¬ 
 ters on the Douro, and wrote in high spirits on the 13 December. There 
 are letters from Robert Hazen; the state of his health was such that the 
 
 *The war was very unpopular in Maine and throughout New England. 
 When the news of the declaration of war reached Boston, all the vessels in 
 the port except three hoisted their flags half mast, and the people soon com¬ 
 pelled the three to follow the example of the others. 
 
1813] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 679 
 
 surgeons recommended his coming to this climate. He intended to ask 
 leave of absence & expected to he here about the middle of May. 
 
 Adieu! Yours every most faithfully & affectionately, 
 
 W. Chipman. 
 
 Penelope Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 7th April, 1813. 
 
 It’s almost an age, my dearest brother, since I wrote you last and 
 much longer since we have heard from you. * * * 
 
 Hannah has written you several times lately, but my father is so in¬ 
 cessantly tormented with a head ache and dizziness, that it’s almost torture 
 for him to touch a pen. He has had less of the gout this winter than 
 usual, but he has had a great deal to distress him, and has been much out 
 of spirits for a long time. Murray has again left us. We did all we could 
 for him. The Judge gave him much more money that he could afford, 
 and about a week since he commenced a journey to Canada in hopes of 
 obtaining some employment on the Lakes. God only knows what will be¬ 
 come of him. 
 
 The 104th have at last left Fredericton for the field of action, and ere 
 this are in Canada. Poor Jenkins has been fighting most gallantly. He 
 is Captain of Grenadiers in the Glengarry regiment, and by his exertions 
 an important Fort* has been taken. He has received universal and un¬ 
 bounded applause, but you will think my dear Edward that he has paid 
 very dearly for it when I tell you that he has lost one arm and the other 
 is most severely wounded. After receiving these horrid wounds, he con¬ 
 tinued to encourage his men until he fainted from loss of blood. 
 
 I hate to make such a dismal letter of this, but must tell you my dear 
 brother the present unhappy situation of poor Miller’s family. Within one 
 short week Anne and Leah were taken from them by a fever which a few 
 
 ♦Captain Jenkins was the hero of the Battle of Ogdensburg. He led his 
 men gallantly to the charge, advancing as rapidly as the deep snow and the 
 exhausted condition of the men would admit, exposed all the while to the 
 fire of seven guns. His left arm was broken in pieces by a grape shot and 
 soon afterward his right arm shattered by a discharge of case shot. He still 
 ran on cheering his men to the assault until, exhausted by the loss of blood, 
 he fainted near the enemy’s trenches. His left arm was amputated, the other 
 was saved, but never entirely recovered from the injury it had sustained. The 
 battle of Ogdensburg was fought on February 22, 1813. At the close of the 
 war Captain Jenkins was appointed town major at Fredericton. When gazetted 
 ensign in the New Brunswick Fencibles, Sept. 19, 1804, he was a youth of eighteen 
 years; he was promoted lieutenant on October 27, 1808; in 1812 he was adjutant 
 of the corps (now become the 104th Regiment), and from this position was 
 transferred to command of the company raised by his efforts for the Glengarry 
 Light Infantry. He never entirely recovered from the effects of his wounds 
 and died in 1819 at the comparatively early age of 32 years. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1813 
 
 days since attacked dear little George and the Doctors have pronounced 
 that he cannot survive more than a day longer. When you recollect that 
 out of six such sweet children as Mary* had, only Winslow remains, you 
 will wonder how the unfortunate mother can support existence; indeed 
 she is almost stupified with grief. * * * 
 
 You have heard I presume that your cousin Lucy is married to a 
 young surgeon of the 104th (Woodforde). He has gone with the others 
 to Canada and she is to follow him in the Spring. He is a fine promising 
 young man. Bradshaw Bainsford has again turned a soldier and is re¬ 
 cruiting for General Coffin’s regiment.! Allen has a company in it. I 
 rather think it will be some time before they compleat it, as the 104th 
 drained the Country pretty well. * * * 
 
 My best love to Chipman. I had the honor of occupying his room 
 for a week last fall. Caroline Coffin is in Canada with Mrs. Pearson, and 
 report says she is shortly to be married. I had a letter from her last night, 
 but she doesn’t confirm this information. * * * 
 
 Our present President’s Lady is just the reverse of Mrs. Hunter, a 
 thoughtless flirting little thing that is never at rest without a Beau at her 
 elbow. She frequently visits us and is pleasant and good natured, but has 
 not one speck of dignity in her composition. Her poor old husband has 
 been ill all winter and they are going to St. John as soon as the season will 
 admit. I have written in such haste that I much fear you will be puzzled 
 to make this epistle out. 
 
 God bless you my dearest brother prays, 
 
 Your ever affeet’e Sister, 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 George Heriot to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Quebec, 23d. June, 1813. 
 
 Dear Sir,—Since the capture of Niagara by the Yankees they have 
 received a complete drubbing from General Vincent, against whom they 
 had advanced with 3,500 men to attack his position at the head of Lake 
 Ontario. He anticipated their design and promptly advancing on them 
 in the night defeated them and put them to the route. They fled for sev¬ 
 eral miles; as far as “forty mile creek,” so called from its being that dis¬ 
 tance from the town of Niagara where they re-established their camp; but 
 Sir James Yeo having crossed the Lake with his squadron from York, dis¬ 
 lodged them by the shot from his guns and captured several of their Boats. 
 A report had spread itself among the enemy, that General Proctor had 
 
 *Mrs. E. W. Miller, sister of the writer of this letter. 
 
 fThis was a second fencible regiment, raised to replace the former one, now 
 become the 104th of the line. 
 
1813 
 
 WIN8L0W PAPERS. 
 
 681 
 
 arrived from Amherstburg with a reinforcement accompanied by the Great 
 Warrior Tecnmseth. This circumstance created a panic which pervaded 
 the whole of Lewis’s army and they scampered off with astonishing rapid¬ 
 ity. They abandoned Fort Erie and Chipawa and were said to he crossing 
 from Fort George to their own territory as fast as they could embark. Of 
 the affair at Sacket’s Harbor the less that it said the better. 
 
 Generals Vincent and Proctor have unquestionably shared the whole 
 of the laurels of Upper Canada between them ever since the death of the 
 brave and gallant Sir Isaac Brock. 
 
 As I have in my possession a number of interesting sketches on the 
 banks of the river St. John, I have lately entertained an idea of printing 
 them with a description of the Country, as the whole of the British Col¬ 
 onies have now become interesting. If you could favor me from your own 
 observation and recollection with some account of the original number of 
 settlers, of their names and characters, such as General Arnold, with anec¬ 
 dotes of the most eminent persons who have resided among you, such as 
 Gov. Carleton, General Hunter, Chief Justice Ludlow and his brother, &c., 
 &c., &c., you will much oblige me, and should I be enabled to accomplish 
 something of this kind, it might perhaps be of service to the Colony. We 
 must not omit Mr. Glenie of noted memory, although upon reflection, it 
 would perhaps be as well not to meddle with a character who has sufficient¬ 
 ly aimed at notoriety. 
 
 I enclose the General Orders &c, respecting the affair of General Vin¬ 
 cent, and remain. Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 Geo. Heriot. 
 
 E. G. Lutwyche to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 July 30, 1813. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—Altho’ I have written you so recently I could not 
 let my young friend Chip depart empty handed, and hope this will find you 
 in renovated health and spirits. * * * Chipman will tell you every¬ 
 
 thing about Phillimore place, and therefore I shall proceed to give you the 
 news; but first I must advert to what is passing and most interesting to 
 you. 
 
 Gen’l Prescott’s dispatches are cheering, and from the Generalship 
 and bravery of the British American Army, we entertain sanguine expecta¬ 
 tions that the Americans will be compleatly foiled in all their attempts on 
 Canada, which is their primary object. They appear to be totally deficient 
 in military skill or in courage, as all their defeats have been marked with 
 disgrace. * * * 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1873 
 
 682 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, 21st August, 1813. 
 
 My dear Sir,—A few days before I received your last letter I wrote you 
 pr. post, fully approving of the measures you had taken and proposed to 
 pursue in the office of Surveyor of the King’s Woods, which I now con¬ 
 firm in the fullest extent, being convinced that they are the most beneficial 
 & useful that can be devised for the preservation of white pine timber in 
 this country. 
 
 Yesterday Sir John Coape Sherbrooke applied to me for twelve or 
 fifteen acres of the reservation in St. Andrews to accommodate the build¬ 
 ing of Barracks at St. Andrews. It seems there is not any wood remain¬ 
 ing on the Lot and that the exchange proposed will be equally useful to 
 your department. I have acceded to this proposal. * * * Your pres¬ 
 
 ent Commander, Sir Thos. Saumarez, is the best man in the world & there¬ 
 fore I know he will be well with all my friends because they are equally 
 good. His departure was too sudden for me to see & mention them to him, 
 but I will take an efficient opportunity of making him acquainted. 
 
 Your affectionate faithful friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Sept. 1813. 
 
 [From a fragment.] 
 
 Sarah Ann and the lively Eliza are faithfully attending me under a 
 severe fit of the Gout. I flatter myself ’tis abating. The late Lucy Miller 
 (now Mrs. Woodforde) is not with us. Her husband is Surgeon’s Mate in 
 the 104th, late N. B. regiment, now in Upper Canada where that corps 
 have lately had a severe brush with the Americans. A great proportion 
 of the officers, among whom were Leonard, Moody, Drummond, Shore, A 
 Rainsford, &c. were wounded and got back to their own shore at Kingston. 
 I fear that this has not been a very brilliant affair but it would be prema¬ 
 ture to give an opinion as yet. The rumors have produced a scarcity and 
 raised the price of every necessary of life, and now the rage for recruiting 
 has increased to such a degree that a Labourer cannot be produced at any 
 cost. My infirmities are increasing to such a degree that it is with much 
 difficulty I can ride to town and back again on horseback. * * * 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax 14th October, 1813. 
 
 My dear Sir,— * * * I have received your letter, and mentioned 
 
 to Sir J. Sherbrooke your readiness and ability to be useful to His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s service, commenting thereupon as I sometimes am apt to do when I 
 
1813] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPEliS. 
 
 683 
 
 am speaking of those friends I love and esteem. Mr. Hatch of St. An¬ 
 drews has written to me about the reservation which is proposed to be ex¬ 
 changed with the Church thereby to obtain a scite for a Fortification & 
 Barracks. He will write to you, transmit a plan of the premises and re¬ 
 ceive your guidance. At Shediac Mr. Hannington* represents that the old 
 settlers pray for leave to cut some useless pine timber on the reservation, 
 also that Pierre Landry cuts all the grass on the salt marsh to the utter 
 exclusion of Joseph Guigaen (the secular priest), his son, old Dupre, and 
 three others, to whom we must save a part, as they endured all the diffi¬ 
 culties of the first settlement and there is enough to assist them all. 
 
 When you see Sir Thomas and Lady Saumarez I beg you to present 
 my best respects; they are radically good. 
 
 I am your faithful friend, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Sir R. H. Sheaffe to Edward Winslow. 
 
 H. M. S. Dover, 12th Nov’r, 1813. 
 
 My dear Friend,—I am now at anchor a few miles below Quebec and 
 bound for old England whither I have been rather unexpectedly called to 
 be employed on the Staff there. Lady S. and our little girl are with me— 
 we expect to proceed in a day or two. I left my command on the south 
 side of the St. Lawrence on the 28th Oet’r. * * * 
 
 We embarked the 9th, came to anchorage at Patrick’s hole, where we 
 have remained tolerably snug during an easterly gale which being over, we 
 shall probably proceed tomorrow morning, if not detained a day or two 
 longer for dispatches. 
 
 I received a letter some time since from Wentworth, in which he in¬ 
 timated a desire to quit his situation. I have recommended him not to do 
 so if he find it tenable. I carry with me certificates in his favour which, 
 if he be not already restored, w r ill I think with my own representation pro¬ 
 duce the effect you would wish; he has certainly been treated with inflex¬ 
 ible rigour * * * 
 
 I have lately received a letter from my noble friend, a very gratifying 
 one indeed, but that he gives an unfavorable account of himself. He was 
 at N’d House. His Grace} has sent me a superb sword and belt. My 
 little girl too has rec’d some presents from her Godmother the Duchess & 
 Lady Elizabeth— to whom I shall not be ashamed of introducing her. 
 
 *The reference is to William Hanington, the progenitor of nearly all of the 
 name in New Brunswick. He came to this country from England in 1784 and 
 settled at Shediac in the County of Westmorland. 
 
 fThe reference is to the Duke of Northumberland —well known * in former 
 years to Sir R. H. Sheaffe and to Judge Winslow as Lord Percy. 
 
684 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1813 
 
 She is a sweet, lovely child & said to he “the picture of papa!” I shall in¬ 
 dulge the hope of hearing from you very soon after my arrival. Be so 
 good as to direct to N’d House, or to Wm. Gilpin, Esq’r, 33 Yilliers St. 
 Strand. 
 
 You will always he dear and your family interesting to 
 
 R. H. S[heaffe]. 
 
 Ward Chipman, Jr., to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Saint John, Nov. 23, 1813. 
 
 My dear Sir,—At length I am safely landed in New Brunswick after 
 a few days of the same sort of perils that the Apostle talks of, but thank 
 God in as sturdy health as a man can well enjoy. On the morning of my 
 arrival I forwarded you a letter from our Excellent friend Colonel Lut- 
 wyche, which will probably inform you of the apprehensions that were 
 entertained for the safety of the “Indus.” Should any unfortunate acci¬ 
 dent occur, I am happy to be able to tell you that I heard it as coming 
 from the Captain of one of the ships that came home in the fleet, that Ned 
 was not on board the Indus; he having been left behind by Weltden at 
 Calcutta to close some business relative to his investments, with instruc¬ 
 tions to follow on and join the ships at Madras, and not having arrived at 
 Madras when the fleet sailed. Lutwyche I left looking very well, and as 
 active as ever. Both he & Danforth* bear up against their years wonder¬ 
 fully. I beg you to remember me kindly to Pen, (whether she be Pen 
 Winslow or not) and the rest of the girls, & believe me, my Dear Sir 
 With great truth & regard, 
 
 very faithfully yours, 
 
 W. Chipman, Jr. 
 
 I found my father laid up with a severe attack of Gout and Rheuma¬ 
 tism, but he is recovering fast. He desires me to say that since he received 
 your letter he has been so ill with the gout in his hand as not to be able to 
 write. He hopes you received the Chaldron of Coals by Creighton. 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 9th February, 1814. 
 
 My dear friend,—I greatly thank my dear namesake for the use of his 
 pen to communicate so many interesting and agreeable circumstances as 
 
 * Thomas Danforth, a lawyer by profession, formerly of Charlestown, Massa¬ 
 chusetts. He was a graduate of Harvard and a Loyalist. At the evacuation 
 of Boston in 1776 he retired with the army to Halifax. He died in London in 
 1825. 
 
1814] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 685 
 
 have combined in raising your health and spirits. Of your son’s safety on 
 his passage from India I am the more happy, as untoward conjectures had 
 gone abroad from the length of their voyage, which I know would also be 
 the source of keen anxiety to our most excellent friend Lutwyche and his 
 amiable daughter. 
 
 I anticipated all the Good you and your department have received 
 from your invaluable Gov’r, Sir Thomas Saumarez. He is so thoroughly 
 sound hearted, benevolent and just, that he must be much deceived if he 
 ever does otherwise than right and kind. 
 
 I wrote to you several things relative to the service in a letter to Mr. 
 Tucker the paymaster General, who lately was in your Province, but did 
 not reach Fredericton. He committed the letter to Lt. Col. Roberton* to 
 forward to you. Mr. Hatch of St. Andrews informs me he has communi¬ 
 cated to you the proceedings for conveying a part of one of our reservations 
 to the Church there, in exchange for a piece whereon to erect Barracks and 
 Fortifications. I see the Church do not forget their temporal interests 
 for they take more than they give. 
 
 In the present state of things it is my opinion that the influx of Am¬ 
 ericans cannot safely be encouraged, nor would I grant them licenses to 
 cut timber or for occupation of lands while they are contented with de¬ 
 sultory unconnected labour or services. They might be permitted, I mean 
 those that are there, to remain, but by no means encouraged to increase, 
 and even these ought to be dispersed as far from your borders as they can 
 be by any prudent, moderate means. People of this description collected 
 in numbers, will naturally retain the principles of those from whom they 
 emigrate, especially if so near to them, and they have no preponderating 
 mixture of rightly disposed foreigners settled among them to over balance 
 their possesssions. 
 
 I see the People of Hew England are beginning to alter their opinion 
 of the French nation and will soon probably detest them. This will arise 
 from the evils incautiously bro’t upon them, but they will not so easily 
 eradicate their republican, or rather revolutionary impressions, in which 
 they find a gratification that they will be prone to indulge after this. 
 
 You will hardly expect to find I want, and can settle, ten of these 
 men on lands belonging to my son Charles Mary Wentworth Esq: at Anti- 
 gonyshe on the Gulph of St. Lawrence. The land is uncommonly fertile, 
 the river fine, well skirted with intervale and beautifully watered. It Tpro- 
 duces large crops of Indian Corn, and for seven or eight years past has not 
 failed of excellent wheat and other grain. It is well wooded, for which 
 there is a ready market at Antigonyshe, that generally pays for clearing 
 
 *This name is Roberton, not Robertson. Lieut. Col. Roberton commanded 
 the garrison at St. John at this time. 
 
686 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1314 
 
 the land. The location is within six miles of Antigonyshe town, to which 
 foreign vessels resort for trade and furnish both a coasting and foreign 
 demand for all the produce of the district, now become very considerable. 
 There are already settled eight or ten families from New Hampshire in 
 this vicinity. Every one of them have succeeded and are comfortably com¬ 
 petent in their circumstances. Esq. Symonds and Dr. Storms, two of 
 them are become affluent: the former has made a landed estate worth more 
 than £3,000 at auction. This Gentleman will show the lands and allot 
 one hundred acres to each of the settlers, not exceeding ten in number of 
 lots, and give them immediate possession, and the sooner the better. This 
 or a greater number may be safely and usefully settled in this Country, re¬ 
 mote from any American border and for 25 miles surrounded with a popu¬ 
 lation of more than 3,000 loyal Scots and others, for whom an example of 
 New England culture and mode of clearing lands would be very useful. 
 If you meet with and can agree with such settlers I will be much obliged 
 for their names, trades and former residence. They may then set off for 
 the land of promise as soon as they please. I had forgot to mention that 
 Roads are made to and thro’ that country. I am delighted to find Went¬ 
 worth’s business is in so fair a train as we may hope from Sir R. Sheaffe’s 
 letter. My readiest co-operation shall ever be devoted to him with the 
 most zealous affection, hut I feel in this case that his wishes will be accom¬ 
 plished without any necessity for our aid and before any can arrive. Nor 
 am I less happy (not much less than you) on hearing of the general appro¬ 
 bation his conduct has obtained in Canada, tho’ it was not more than I 
 expected whenever he had justice done him. Inflexible rigour, as his 
 worthy friend the General says, he has certainly met with, and I believe it 
 may almost universally be considered that such inflexibility never arises 
 from justice. I return you the General’s letter and thank you tfor its 
 perusal. It is too kind and friendly not to be in your keeping, and from 
 its contents, I most certainly wish him and his family a good voyage and 
 every prosperity. Mrs. Brinley’s interest got his first commission, thro’ 
 the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland, while we were in Boston. 
 She is now recovering from three weeks illness and is not yet released from 
 her Chamber but begs her regards to you with which I must conclude, 
 only adding my best and warmest assurance of unalterable friendship to 
 you and your family from my dear Sir, 
 
 Yours faithfully & affectionately, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 [Sir John Wentworth was retired from the position of Lieutenant 
 Governor of Nova Scotia in 1808, but he continued to reside in the Prince’s 
 Lodge near Halifax until his death, April 8, 1820, in his 84th year. The 
 letter above is written in a feeble hand, showing old age.] 
 
1814 ] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 Sir Thomas Saumarez to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton 1st March, 1814.. 
 
 My dear Judge,—I am much concerned that the application I made 
 to Sir John C. Sherbrooke in behalf of Mr. Winslow has not terminated as 
 1 so much wish had been the case, as His Excellency informs me the situ¬ 
 ation had been promised long before your Honor had expressed a desire 
 to obtain it for him. I sincerely wish that I may prove more fortunate 
 upon a future occasion when in furtherance of your wishes, being with 
 great truth, my good Judge, 
 
 Your very faithful & humble servant, 
 
 T. Saumarez. 
 
 Penelope Jenkins to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Fredericton, 20th March, 1814. 
 
 At length my dearest brother I may write to you with a probability 
 that my letter will reach you. A few days since we heard from Edward 
 Jarvis* that you were safely landed in England once more. 
 
 * * * My father has hardly been free of the gout for the whole 
 
 winter, repeated relapses have enfeebled him very much. He is at present 
 better than he has been for several months. You will have heard ere you 
 receive this that I have changed my name and place of abode.t I think 
 you used to prophecy this event when I thought it an impossibility. We 
 have a very comfortable house in town and Jenkins’ situation of course a 
 very eligible one. The poor fellow has returned from the wars covered 
 with laurels, but has the loss of an arm to lament, and the other severely 
 wounded, which remains very troublesome yet. We have had a very gay 
 winter; my reign as bride has been a brilliant one. I have had a regular 
 round of Gregorys or dances from every decent family in the territory. 
 Mr. Peter Fraser’s! is the last on the list; there we are to have a grand Ball 
 on Tuesday. Wentworth is with us. * * * 
 
 ♦Son of Munson Jarvis, a Loyalist. He became chief justice of Prince 
 Edward Island, and resided there until his decease in 1852. At this time he 
 was completing his legal studies in England. 
 
 fCapt. Jenkins and Penelope Winslow were married Jan. 10, 1814. 
 
 {Peter Fraser was a leading merchant at Fredericton. He furnished need¬ 
 ful supplies to those engaged in cutting pine timber and lumber, and gradually 
 accumulated much property. He at one time owned much land on the St. John 
 river, mortgaged to him in the first instance by those engaged in lumbering. 
 Peter Fraser was elected a member of the house of assembly for York County 
 in 1809, and continued to represent the county for many years. The residence 
 of the late Lieut. Gov. John James Fraser at Fredericton was built by Peter 
 Fraser. There are some references to Peter Fraser in Lt. Col. Baird’s “Seventy 
 Years of New Brunswick Life,” p. 19. He was well known to the Acadians of 
 Madawaska and commanded a battalion of the York County militia in which 
 many of them were enrolled. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1814 
 
 Poor Murray finished his career in Canada. He had just got in a 
 situation as a Lieutenant on board a ship on the Lakes when it pleased 
 heaven to snatch him to eternity. We have never heard the particulars 
 of his death, only that he was among the number killed on board Capt. 
 Barcly’s ship. 
 
 I have no news to tell you my dear Edward. The only flirtation on 
 foot is between Eliza. Saunders and Capt. Mann, aide-de-camp to Sir 
 Thomas Saumarez. He’s rather advanced in years, an ugly little fellow, 
 but very good. Your cousin Lucy Woodforde has a very fine little boy. 
 She is daily expecting the return of her husband. * * * 
 
 We are told Gen. Smyth is to be out again in the Spring. Our pres¬ 
 ent President* gives general satisfaction. Her ladyship has been ill the 
 whole winter; of course we have not had much merriment at Government 
 House. 
 
 Jenkins desires a deal of love to you— 
 
 Ever most affectionately yours, 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 P. S. Chip has just left Fredericton. He is not at all changed by 
 his trip across the Atlantic. 
 
 William Ferguson to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Tracady, Northumberland, 20th May, 1814. 
 
 Sir,—By the courier (Jas. Small) inclosed is the return of permits 
 issued since last return, sent by Captain Teriu. * * * 
 
 At present, as times go, there is no money to be had on any occasion 
 in this part of the province. The people here are in general Poor and be¬ 
 hind hand with the merchants. 
 
 On my way to Kistigouch last April I called on Mr. Munro of St. 
 Peters, i. e., Nipisiquid, settled the plan with him on my return to Kisti¬ 
 gouch to go up the main river to survey that part of the reserve below the 
 falls said to be six leagues from the Settlement. * * * It is only from 
 
 report of the people of the place that I know of a reserve at Nipisiquid; 
 being in some doubt, I have inquired of Edw’d J. Man, Esq’r, at Kisti¬ 
 gouch. He says the reserve begins five miles below the falls and extends 
 five miles above the falls, and five miles on each side of the river, forming 
 a tract of country ten miles square, but he points out no particular place 
 for a boundary or beginning. Mr. Munro assures me his people have not 
 been on the reserve as yet; the intermediate space has been surveyed by 
 Mr. Thos. Koy. 
 
 *Sir Thomas Saumarez. 
 
1814] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 689 
 
 The last permit is issued to Jno. Shea for saw logs at the New Mills: 
 this mill is the property of Mr. Caldwell and held by Shea on shares. Mr. 
 Caldwell has a location for a small Tract of land adjoining the west bound¬ 
 ary of Sir Andrew Snape Hammond’s Tract. Heron Island seems to be 
 the only valuable part of Sir Andrew’s lands. Many years hack the most 
 valuable timber has been cut and carryed away. The shore is rocky and 
 broken and poorly wooded. 
 
 At Ristigouch there is no timber, so far as the land surveys made 
 there have lead me to suppose, that would he any object. My remote situ¬ 
 ation hath hitherto prevented regular returns, but by the present estab¬ 
 lishment of a regular post that will not in future be the case. 
 
 I remain Sir respectfully 
 
 Your most obedient servant 
 
 Wm. Ferguson, D’y Surveyor. 
 
 Edward Winslow, Jr., to His Sister Penelope. 
 
 “Indus,” At Sea, Saturday, P. M. 
 
 18 June, 1814. 
 
 After two days spanking breeze, with square yards, I am at length able 
 to resume my pen, and the first use I make of it shall be to acknowledge 
 my dear sister’s truly welcome letter, which I received three days before 
 I left London along with Hannah’s and Eliza’s. I had begun to be un- 
 happy, fearing that I should embark without hearing from you. Think 
 then what I felt when the budget of five letters was put into my hand at 
 once. 
 
 I believe I have never related one of the many incidents with which 
 my homeward passage abounded and I don’t know any good that can result 
 from my now entering upon it. It however had one good effect I believe. 
 It served to convince me more strongly, if possible, than I ever had been, 
 of the value of such a friend as my present commander. * * * 
 
 Monday 20 June, In. Lat. 36, 58, K, Long. 13, 14 W. 
 
 Yesterday was the Lord’s day and I fully intended to have spent the 
 time (after Church) writing to you and Hannah, but the weather was so 
 fine that I spent the day in Gossip. I dare say you would like to know 
 with which of the ten, for I will confess that it was principally with one. I 
 think I told Eliza that only six of the ten were “for market,” and I will 
 satisfy your curiosity so far as to assure you that it was—neither of them. 
 * * * I can’t at all tell you how happy I am my dear Penelope, at your 
 
 union with Jenkins. I beg you will remember me most particularly to 
 
690 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1814 
 
 him. I lament that he has met with so many hard rubs. He is a. happy 
 fellow my dear Sister in having such a nurse, tell him I say so. * * * 
 
 To my surprise I met Col. Johnstone (your old friend) in the street a 
 few days before my departure. He has just returned from the Cape of 
 Good Hope, I suspect for his health, for he looked wretchedly ill. 
 
 So both of the Miss Saunders are soon to be spliced. I had heard of 
 Miss Margaret’s intention to become one of you from her brother, but I 
 did not know about her sister. John (Saunders) was at Oxford when the 
 mail came, therefore I did not see him previous to my leaving town. He’s 
 an uncommon fine fellow I think, and I was so much with him of late that 
 I really regretted not seeing him. I shall write him and Jarvis* from 
 Madeira, and I think I shall trouble the latter with my budget. He is a 
 very great favorite of mine, and you can’t conceive what gratification and 
 pleasure I derived from spending my evenings with him or Saunders at 
 my own lodgings or at one of their chambers. * * * 
 
 Col. Lutwyche had not arrived at Portsmouth when we got under 
 weigh and I asure you I lamented it very much. I trust he got down that 
 night that he might accompany poor Mrs. Weltden home. My heart ached 
 for her, we left her amongst almost strangers. 
 
 Funchal, Sunday night, 11 o’clock, 3d July. 
 
 I have just returned from the mountains where I have been all day 
 with a large party of Ladies. I am so dreadfully tired that I cannot add 
 anything to this shabby epistle but a God bless you, which I do most 
 heartily. 
 
 Your Brother. 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Penelope Jenkins to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 21st August, 1814. 
 
 Mrs. Kirkwood has arrived and we are told has a letter for us. The 
 Major! is in Fredericton; I dined with him and Col. Moodie at my Father’s 
 a few days since. Mrs. Kirkwood remains with her friends until after her 
 accouchment, when I hope they will be near neighbors of ours, as there’s a 
 chance of their getting the next house but one to us. The box arrived in 
 perfect safety and I assure you your presents far exceeded our expectations. 
 The China crape is beautiful and the Cornelians are not a common thing 
 in these parts. Eliza and Chris, exhibited their rich gowns and crapes on 
 
 *Edward J. Jarvis. 
 
 t Major Kirkwood of the New Brunswick Fencible Regiment. He and his 
 family lived in the barracks at Fredericton at the 'time of their destruction by 
 fire May 1, 1815. Major Kirkwood was one of the pall-bearers at Judge Winslow’s 
 funeral. 
 
1814J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 691 
 
 the 12th at Mrs. Smyth’s drawing room and really excited not a little ad¬ 
 miration. Sarah never goes into company and Hannah very seldom. The 
 Judge has been better for the last two months than I have seen him for an 
 age. 
 
 I am just expecting Mrs. Grant (Caroline Coffin) to spend a week with 
 me on her return to Canada. I presume you heard of her marriage. I 
 don’t know her husband, hut am told he’s a worthy creature and very well 
 situated as to pecuniary affairs. The Major* and I are getting on very 
 snugly—the change from a large family to a very small one made me feel 
 a little dismal for some time, particularly as his military affairs keep him a 
 great deal about the barracks, but I am becoming used to it now and don’t 
 mind it much. Fredericton is shockingly dull this summer. No Military 
 here except Gen. Coffin’s regiment—a great many of these are stupid mar¬ 
 ried people and a majority of the single not very brilliant, so that the rising 
 generation of damsels have rather a gloomy prospect. 
 
 Should my father ever have another box coming across the Atlantic I 
 wish, my dear Edward, you would throw in a few books no matter what 
 they are, or whether they are bound. You have no idea how much we feel 
 the want of such articles. Now that I am so much alone, anything in that 
 way would he an acquisition. * * * 
 
 Kirkwood interested us very much in his account of the “Indus” and 
 the nice management exhibited there. He says that Capt. Weltden is a 
 charming man. 
 
 Mrs. Moodie was just here and desires her best love to you, indeed I 
 cannot enumerate all the people that send kind messages to you. * * * 
 
 We have just met with a great loss in Mr. Pidgeon,! who in conse- 
 sequence of Dr. Byles’ death has removed to St. John. We have at present 
 a wretched preacher but hope soon to get a better one from Canada, j 
 There has lately been shocking slaughter in that place, tho’ the British 
 are gaining ground. I always dread the arrival of a mail, as there are 
 many officers I am acquainted with and some really a regard for that are 
 just now engaged in the contest. Captain Shore has not yet returned to 
 marry Miss Saunders, hut I believe he only waits for a cessation of hostili¬ 
 ties. * * * 
 
 John Garden has just arrived from Canada on a visit to his mother. 
 He is wonderfully improved and hears a high character in his regiment. 
 Poor James was killed at Lake Erie, very much regreted by all who knew 
 
 him. 
 
 *The reference here is to Capt. Jenkins as town major. 
 
 fRev. George Pidgeon. See biographical note under date 13th July, 1800. 
 
 +The clergyman referred to doubtless was the Rev. Geo. J. Mountain, who 
 succeeded Mr. Pidgeon as rector of Fredericton. He was a son of the first 
 bishop of Quebec, and was himself the third bishop of Quebec. 
 
692 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1814 
 
 The patterns Mrs. Weltden was so good as to give you for us were very 
 acceptable. Everything that comes from England is sought after, and you 
 know it’s very pleasant to have the glory of wearing a new fashion first. 
 Jenkins desires I will offer his affectionate remembrance to you, 
 
 Tour sincerely attached sister, 
 
 Penelope. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to John Dunn.* 
 
 Fredericton October 14th, 1814. 
 
 My dear Mr. Dunn,—A consultation of very respectable physicians has 
 just been held here and the result has this day been communicated to me. 
 It is “That a change of air is absolutely necessary to preserve the life of my 
 very dear daughter Chris.” This communication amounts (with me'' to a 
 peremptory order, and I have detained the vessel [Segee’s vessel] this day 
 to send ’em to St. John tomorrow morning. The affectionate kindness of 
 my daughter Hannah has induced her to attend the other on this arduous 
 & important occasion. 
 
 I have now to request, my dear Dunn, that you will upon the receipt 
 of this letter, call upon these interesting children & give them your assist¬ 
 ance and advice respecting the important matter of a quiet & convenient 
 Lodging for ’em. Hannah will have money sufficient for the pay of their 
 present expences and will be occasionally supply’d with more. 
 
 Eememher me most kindly to Mrs. Dunn. Her kind heart will feel 
 keen anxiety for the fate of these interesting and motherless children. 
 
 God bless you, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Judge Edward Winslow to E. G. Lutwyche. 
 
 Fredericton, H. B. Nov’r 8, 1814. 
 
 My dear Lutwyche,—Previous to my leaving this place on my late ex¬ 
 cursion I committed the care of my family to my friend Mr. Peter Fraser, 
 who kindly supply’d them with money, &c, and settled several demands 
 made on me before my departure. When I returned I found that the ac¬ 
 cumulated sum amounted to £65. Having no other resource but my pay 
 as a Judge, I was most reluctantly compelled to give him a bill for the 
 amount. Mr. W. Chipman, Jr., having taken down my certificates up to 
 October last, the next to the end of the year shall be forwarded the moment 
 the period arrives. 
 
 ♦John Dunn was a New York Loyalist and one of the founders of St. 
 Andrews. He was for many years comptroller of customs at that place. He 
 died in 1829 at the age of 76 years. 
 
1815] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 If I could write a volume it would give no relief to those feelings of 
 gratitude and affection which I always experience when I contemplate the 
 numerous instances of your goodness, I therefore stop. My daughter Chris 
 is now on the river returning home from St. John, where she has been 
 under the advice (and indeed the peremptory order) of her physicians to 
 try the sea air. I dread the result. You know how to pity me. 
 
 May God bless you and Mrs. Weltden and your very amiable neighbor 
 Mrs. Hailes and my other friends. 
 
 Amen,* 
 
 Edward Winslow. 
 
 John Bedell r to Judge Edward Winslow. 
 
 Woodstock, 9 February, 1815. 
 
 Dear Sir,—My sons at Maramichi are desirous to have a licence of 
 occupation for 80 rods of the reserve of lands on the south-west branch, 
 opposite the upper end of the Island adjoining to that in possession of 
 Elijah Fowler, to extend back one half mile. They therefore request that 
 you will have the goodness to hold this spot in reserve for them until they 
 come over in June next, when they will thankfullv discharge the fees and 
 if necessary bring a certificate from Mr. Henderson. 
 
 I will thank you Sir to favor me with a line on the subject when con¬ 
 venient. With great respect and sincere regard. I have the honor to be, 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obliged & humble servant, 
 
 John Bedell. 
 
 H. Clopper | to Bobert O’Brien. 
 
 Commiss’s Office, Fredericton, 
 
 17th May, 1815—Wednesday. 
 
 My very dear Sir,—Little did I suppose that when I wrote you last 
 Post and mentioned the situation of Judge Winslow, by the next I should 
 give you an acco’t of his Death. Yes my dear Sir he is dead & buried, and 
 has left behind him a most distressed family. 
 
 *This letter contains the last words from the pen of Edward Winslow 
 recorded in this book and the last apparently in the Winslow collection of 
 papers. The busy pen of the “ready writer” is now laid aside, but these last 
 words speak for themselves a fitting ending of a noble life. 
 
 f See biographical note under date 26th June, 1802. 
 
 t Henry G. Clopper was the eldest son of Garret Clopper. His mother’s 
 maiden name was Penelope Miller; she was a cousin of Judge Winslow. Henry 
 G. Clopper was for some years an officer in the commissariat department at 
 Fredericton. He was founder of the Central Bank, of which he was president 
 until his decease in 1838. His portrait will be found on the five dollar notes of 
 the People’s Bank of Fredericton. 
 
694 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1815 
 
 I wrote you in my last of my walking down on Monday morning with 
 Aunt Sally to the Judges. She remained there until Wednesday. On 
 Monday and Tuesday our deceased friend was unusually well—spent the 
 whole day in the drawing room, oh Wednesday morning was even better 
 and ate a very good breakfast; but about 12 o’clock was suddenly attacked 
 with a fit of apoplexy. He was immediately conveyed to bed and a most 
 eminent physician sent for who took upwards of a quart of blood from his 
 temple, after which he seemed very easy. I saw him in the afternoon and 
 was astonished to see him so easy. He was constantly talking and was full 
 of his fun but rather delirious. At 3 o’clock on the morning of Friday he 
 was attacked with another and fatal apopleptic fit after which there was no 
 hope or chance of his recovery. He lay without sense or motion till 15 min¬ 
 utes past 7 Saturday evening, when he breathed his last. I was with him 
 at the time and had been in the room half an hour. He had the rattles in 
 his throat which is the last stage. They suddenly stopped and he seemed 
 to draw breath more easily, but he raised his head for a moment, opened his 
 eyes (which had been shut from the commencement) uttered a faint cry 
 and expired; He died without the smallest exertion and very easily. I ever 
 shall believe that he was perfectly sensible to the last, for upon the appli¬ 
 cation of a quill dipped in lime juice to his lips not half a minute before 
 he died, he turned away his head. He was buried yesterday with every 
 respect. He was carried to the Province Hall. The Supreme Court was 
 then sitting. 
 
 The family are totally destitute, for I fear his Estate will not pay the 
 Debts. 
 
 ORDER OF PROCESSION. 
 
 Military Guard. 
 
 High Sheriff and Civil Officers 
 Wardens & Vestry. 
 
 Clergy. 
 
 Medical Gentlemen. 
 
 F. Robinson, Esq. 
 
 
 Major Kirkwood, N. B. F. 
 
 Capt. McLean, 
 
 Q 
 
 J. M. Bliss,* Esq. 
 
 S. Agnew, Esq. 
 
 
 Lt. Gen’l Armstrong. 
 
 *John Murray Bliss has not been before mentioned by name in the text. 
 He was a native of Massachusetts and a son of Hon. Daniel Bliss, member 
 of council. He was elected a member of the House of Assembly for York 
 County in 1813. From 1809 to 1815 he was solicitor general in succession to Ward 
 Chipman. He succeeded Edward Winslow as judge of the supreme court of 
 New Brunswick, and on the death of Ward Chipman in 1824, succeeded him in 
 the administration of the government as president and commander in chief. 
 He died at St. John, in August, 1834, aged 63 years. The late George J. Bliss 
 of Fredericton, clerk of assembly, was his grandson. 
 
1815J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 695 
 
 Hannah Winslow to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 May 15, 1815. 
 
 My dear dearest Brother,—How shall I tell yon of what I know will 
 almost distract yon, bnt you must know it, and for the sake of your wretch¬ 
 ed sisters bear it. Oh Edward our dear Father is gone, taken almost in a 
 moment from us poor children. I know not how we have supported this 
 dreadful stroke, but it is the will of God. My heart aches for you. It is 
 a blow that I fear you will scarcely be able to bear. 
 
 My dear father had been very unwell all the Spring, but as he always 
 was more so at this season we were not alarmed. * * * We flattered 
 
 ourselves when the fine weather came on so that he could get out he would 
 soon be better. On Sunday he wished several times that Aunt Miller 
 would make us a visit. I immediately wrote to Lucy to urge her to. The 
 poor old lady came down on Monday, and Aunt Sally with her, to spend 
 the day. It rained in the evening and they both staid all night. That 
 day and the next day my dear Father seemed cheerful. Tuesday evening 
 he sat up later than usual, talked over old times, and really seemed to enjoy 
 himself. Wednesday morning he complained of a pain in his head but 
 still seemed better than he had been for months, but about 12 o’clock, as 
 I was standing in the entry talking to Wentworth and Harris Hailes, who 
 were in the garden. Aunt Sally came out of the Parlor and said “your 
 father seems quite faint.” I ran to him and found it was a dreadful fit. 
 We got him to bed and the Doctors came in a very few minutes. After 
 consulting a short time they concluded to bleed him in the head, an oper¬ 
 ation he bad often thought would relieve the constant pain he had there. 
 After this was done he recovered his speech and begged us not to be dis¬ 
 tressed. He had a quiet night and the next day all three of the Doctors 
 that attended him gave us every reason to hope he would recover. * * 
 
 About daylight on Friday morning he evidently became much worse and 
 continued so all day. About twelve o’clock he looked at us and with diffi¬ 
 culty said “My poor children.” Every effort he made to speak after that 
 was in vain. He lived till Saturday evening. He was sensible to the last 
 moment. 0 my Brother how light does every affliction we have met with 
 appear when compared to this. * * * 
 
 Your affectionate sister, 
 
 Hannah. 
 
 Penelope Jenkins to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Fredericton, May 23, 1815. 
 
 [Extract from a fragment.] 
 
 The officers Barracks in Fredericton took fire 1 on the first of May and 
 burned to the ground. Ho lives were lost but a great deal of private pro- 
 
696 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1815 
 
 perfcy was consumed. The Kirkwoods were living in them hut did not 
 lose a great deal. The flames were discovered about 12 o’clock and in an 
 hour and a half they were in ashes. 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 [A. D. 1815.] 
 
 My dear Sir John,— * * * 
 
 I with you very sensibly feel the loss of our late excellent and worthy 
 friend Judge Winslow whose usefulness to others, as you well observe, 
 occupied those exertions which his family have so much reason to lament 
 the want of having been more directed to their benefit, as he has left no 
 property of any description for their support. There are three daughters 
 unmarried, Hannah, Sarah Ann, and Eliza, all grown up, left entirely un¬ 
 provided for. They are very respectable good girls and are I believe ready 
 and willing to exert themselves to the utmost of their power in procuring 
 a livelihood, but the manner in which they have been educated has by no 
 means prepared them for the trials they are destined to undergo, nor fitted 
 them for those efforts which their present situation calls for, without some 
 assistance from their father’s friends. I have myself subscribed £50 and 
 my son £25 and I shall apply to such of the Judges friends here as I may 
 have reason to think willing and able to contribute to the relief of these 
 orphans. I shall also write to some friends of his family in England, who 
 I think will not withhold their aid on this occasion. I have written to 
 Chief Justice Blowers on the subject and have taken the liberty of making 
 the same recital to you. I shall write to no others in your Province, being 
 well persuaded that you will be disposed to procure such additions to this 
 little fund as may be conveniently practicable.* 
 
 My son is very much flattered by your kind recollection of him, and re¬ 
 quests me to present to you his most respectful compliments and regards. 
 
 I am, my dear Sir, With the highest esteem & regard, 
 
 Your faithful and devoted friend and obedient 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 _ ^ Ward Chipman. 
 
 *The general esteem with which Judge Wiu^low was regarded is shown hv the 
 fact that on March 7, 1816, the House of Assembly voted the sum of £100 to Misses 
 Hannah and Eliza Winslow, the unmarried daughters of the late Hon. Edward Win¬ 
 slow deceased, in consideration of the numerous services rendered to the public by 
 that gentleman while a member of His Majesty’s Council in this province. 
 
1815] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 697 
 
 Robert O’Brien to J. F. W. Winslow. 
 
 Halifax 17 July, 1815. 
 
 Dear Sir,—The lands at Abushie were originally granted by the late 
 Governor Parr to Hugh Mackay Gordon, now a Major General in Hist Ma¬ 
 jesty’s Service, and by him conveyed by a Deed executed at the Royal Hos¬ 
 pital of Kilmainham in Ireland to your Father. That deed and the origi¬ 
 nal grant to General Gordon are now in my possession, as is also your 
 Father’s special power of Attorney authorising me to sell and convey the 
 said land on his behalf. 
 
 With best respects to your Sisters, I remain, dear Sir, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 Rob. O’Brien. 
 
 Judge Ward Chipman to Sir John Wentworth. 
 
 St. John 22 July, 1815. 
 
 My dear Sir John—The concerns of the Winslow family, which were 
 the subject of my last letter to you, and in which you have expressed so 
 kind an interest, induce me once more to trouble you by forwarding the 
 inclosed letter which I have just received from General Coffin. I know 
 nothing of the circumstances* * which occasioned the removal of young 
 Winslow from the 41st regiment, but have been a witness to the correctness 
 and propriety of his conduct since his return to this Province early in the 
 last winter; his exemplary and filial attention to his father in his debili¬ 
 tated state to the hour of his death and his fraternal solicitude and devo¬ 
 tion to the comfort of his sisters in their distressed condition, have merited 
 the esteem and regard of all his friends here. I believe that the principal 
 source of his present anxiety to obtain some provision for himself, is that 
 he may be able to contribute his mite towards the support of the family 
 left in so helpless a situation by his father’s death. His capacity and ac¬ 
 quirements are such as render him equal to the discharge of any duties of 
 a military life, and I think he will merit the approbation and esteem of any 
 of his friends who may be instrumental in relieving him from his present 
 discouraging situation and prospects. Under these circumstances I can¬ 
 not but flatter myself, if they were made known to His Excellency Sir John 
 Sherbrooke, that his wonted benevolence and humanity would induce him 
 to recommend him for a commission once more in His Majesty’s Service. 
 
 I remain, my dear Sir, &c, &c, 
 
 _ W. C. 
 
 *A misunderstanding or altercation with another officer, led young Winslow 
 in the heat of his irritation to tender his resignation. This the colonel of 
 the regiment, who was not over friendly to him, at once accepted, and after¬ 
 wards, when Winslow desired to withdraw his resignation, declined to reinstate 
 him. 
 
698 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 [1815 
 
 Sir John Wentworth to Sir John Sherbrooke. 
 
 Halifax, August 9th, 1815. 
 
 My dear Sir John,—I beg leave with the utmost respect to enclose to 
 yon, extracts of two Letters to me from Major General Coffin & Judge 
 Chipman of New Brunswick, relating to the situation of Mr. Winslow, late 
 of the 41st regiment. The testimony of these highly respectable Gentle¬ 
 men to the merit of this distressed young man are so well described in these 
 extracts, and may be so entirely relied on, that it would be trespassing on 
 your Excellency’s time to add thereto, save only my earnest solicitation for 
 your kind favor in recommending him. It will be a noble and I am sure 
 well timed act of generosity to preserve a very valuable young man. * * 
 
 Excuse me one moment in recurring to the character of his late pre¬ 
 eminently worthy Father, who was meritoriously employed in the King’s 
 service from the battle of Lexington in the Bevolutionary war in America, 
 when he voluntarily led the army under Lord Percy from its difficult situ¬ 
 ation across the country to a position of safety on Bunker’s Hill, near 
 Boston, which has always been acknowledged by the (now) Duke [of 
 Northumberland]. From that time he has filled many civil & military 
 offices of trust & importance, with the greatest disinterestedness and ability, 
 infinitely more to the public advantage than his own private benefit, as 
 it unfortunately happened that the profits of his services were unequal to 
 the expences of a very large Family in locations peculiarly expensive, whom 
 he has lately left destitute of everything, but the remembrance of his mani¬ 
 fold virtues. Happy and very thankful will they be if the good he in every 
 station did to many others, should be retributed by your Excellency’s 
 renewed benevolence in recommending his utterly unprovided son for a 
 commission, and most exceedingly happy shall I be in every grateful 
 acknowledgement of the really inestimable favour done to, my dear Sir 
 John, your truly obliged, much attached & sincerely faithful 
 friend & obedient, humble servant, 
 
 J. Wentworth. 
 
 Edward Winslow, Jr., to his Sisters. 
 
 London, 4 Nov, 1815. 
 
 My dear Sisters,—I find the packet closes this day & therefore I must 
 write now or not at all. I am on my way to Kensington to witness a scene 
 which would not my sisters be to you so novel as it is to me—another & a 
 great calamity awaits me—my second father* lies at the point of death, 
 indeed I hardly hope to find him alive when I get there, as possibility of his 
 
 *Col. Edward G. Lutwyche. 
 
1816] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 recovery is at an end. I have spent much of my time there of late & the 
 affliction of my dear Mrs.Weltden and her good husband has almost broken 
 my heart. The good old Gentleman was taken about ten days ago with a 
 complaint which has made such rapid progress that even his extraordinary 
 constitution can no longer contend with it. 
 
 When he dies my dear girls I lose—I won’t say my only friend, hut 
 certainly my most valuable one. I have so long looked up to him & have 
 experienced such affectionate & fatherly treatment from him, that really 
 I feel as if I could hardly support his loss. 
 
 Mrs. Weltden behaves like an Angel, but I fear the exertion she makes 
 will prove too much for her weak frame, and I can’t help dreading its 
 bringing on a fit of illness. I have not seen the Colonel himself for these 
 three days, hut he still continues perfectly sensible & has several times 
 asked after me, but I do not like to go to him—nobody sees him except 
 Mrs. W. & the doctors. I have much to sayjrat now can neither think nor 
 write on any subject but this most melancholly one, & I know of no advan¬ 
 tage in dwelling longer on*that. 
 
 God Almighty bless you prays 
 
 Your ever affectionate brother 
 
 Edward. 
 
 I shall sail for Bombay & China about the first of January—am ap¬ 
 pointed purser of the Cumberland, one of the largest & finest ships in 
 the service, & a most excellent gentlemanly man (Wilkinson) as Com¬ 
 mander. More of this by & bye. 
 
 Penelope Jenkins to Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Fredericton, 1st October, 1816. 
 
 It is some time my dear Edward since I have written to you. We are 
 all getting on much as usual. About three weeks since Sarah presented 
 us with a son & heir—the finest child I ever saw. She is uncommonly 
 well. Bradshaw* expects to remove to his farm in the course of this 
 month. His house is very snug and comfortable and I trust they will be 
 able to get on. He is steady and industrious. Jenkins’ mother died last 
 August, and he immediately determined to reside at his farm, and has 
 been ever since busily employed in repairing the house for our reception. 
 He has had to repair the old part thoroughly and put up an addition, which 
 makes it a very comfortable and good looking house. He has always been 
 so much attached to the place, that all his leisure time for the last three 
 years has been devoted to its improvement and it is really a beautiful spot. 
 
 ♦The reference is to Bradshaw Rainsford, who married Judge Winslow’s 
 daughter Sarah. 
 
700 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1816 
 
 I used to think I never should like to live in the country again, but matri¬ 
 mony reconciles us to a great many things, and I am really now very 
 anxious for the day to come that we may move to the country. The house 
 we have lived in ever since I was married has been a wretched one but we 
 were fortunate to get it, bad as it was, as it’ is now almost impossible to 
 procure a shelter even, in this great town, although I suppose there have 
 been 30 or 40 fine large houses put up in the town in the course of the 
 summer, and it was the same last year, but they are generally owned by 
 Americans, who are allowed to come and settle here whenever they incline, 
 which is thought by many to be a most impolitic arrangement. 
 
 The letters you have already received have I suppose given you 
 an account that Wentworth went to Canada in the hope of obtaining a 
 clerkship in the North West trade but was too late. He was then offered 
 a subaltern’s allowance of land (500 acres) in a new settlement in Upper 
 Canada, with three years rations and farming utensils, which he accepted 
 (for the present at least) rather than return as he went. I must confess 
 I am very sorry that he was induced to avail Jiimself of this offer as he is 
 better calculated for anything else thap a farmer. It will be hard work 
 indeed to obtain his bread in a wilderness with his own hands. His abili¬ 
 ties are equal to any institution where writing and application are neces¬ 
 sary, and I have lately thought my dear Edward, that you might think 
 of some situation for him as a clerk or assistant in any office in England 
 that would be more likely to promise him a decent living than the laborious 
 undertaking he is now engaged in. I shall ever think if proper interest 
 had beep taken and proper exertions made by my dear Father’s friends 
 here, some position might have been obtained for him. But although they 
 all allowed that he was exemplary and industrious, and that he had talent 
 for anything, no one stepped forward to befriend him essentially. Indeed 
 there is an unfledged race here who are ready to catch at everything and 
 who have money, and of course interest, to get what they want for their 
 sons or themselves, and when any little situation becomes vacant it is 
 secured before you can look around you. Wentworth has the most flatter¬ 
 ing professions from Sir John Wentworth, and a most friendly letter the 
 other day from Sir H. Sheaffe. These things serve to keep his hopes alive 
 but that is all. Indeed my dearest brother he is worthy a better fate. 
 Good hearted and affectionate to his family, his principal distress is that 
 he is unable to add to their comfort. * * * 
 
 Believe me my ever dear Brother 
 
 Most faithfully and affectionately 
 
 Your sister, Penelope. 
 
1817] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 701 
 
 Maj. Gen. Sir R. H. Sheaffe, Bart., to J. F. W. Winslow. 
 
 Edinburgh, 27th Sept’r, 1817. 
 
 My dear Winslow,—I have the sincerest pleasure in congratulating 
 you on the success of my recent application in your favour: the following is 
 a copy of the answer I received. 
 
 Horse Guards, 18th Sept’r, 1817. 
 
 Sir—Having laid before the Commander in Chief your letter of the 
 7th Inst, with its enclosures, I am directed to acquaint you that from the 
 strong representations, together with the urgency of the request you have 
 made in favor of Mr. John F. Wentworth Winslow, and from his having 
 conducted himself with zeal and great credit upon active service on many 
 occasions to the satisfaction of his superior officers since he resigned. His 
 Royal Highness will recommend to the Prince Regent, that he should be 
 reinstated in his rank as Lieutenant in the 41st Reg’t, but he cannot be 
 permitted to receive any back pay beyond the period of the reduction of 
 the late 2nd Battalion (25th Hov’r 1814) when he will be placed on Half 
 pay. 
 
 I have &c, &c, (Signed) H. Torrens. 
 
 * * To the official letter I addressed to Sir H. T. I added a 
 
 sort of demi-official one and both were written with so much earnestness 
 that it may account for the sentence “together with the urgency of the 
 request” which in the original is an interlineation in Sir H/s own 
 writing. * * * 
 
 By the time this will reach you, you will have about three years back 
 half pay to receive—the best return you can make to His Royal Highness 
 is to act with “great credit” on all occasions, maintaining the character 
 which has so effectually aided you in obtaining this favor. 
 
 If any of your family be near you assure them that they will always 
 share with you in the best wishes and regard of 
 
 R. H. S. 
 
 [The above letter is addressed to “Lieut. John F. Wentworth Winslow, 
 on Half-pay of the 41st Reg’t, Perth, Upper Canada.” Doubtless the 
 address on the letter afforded the recipient the first glad intimation of the 
 success of Gen. Sheaffe’s efforts in his behalf.] 
 
 J. B. Macaulay to John F. W. Winslow. 
 
 York, 25 July, 1818. 
 
 Dear Sir,— * * * I am sorry to say I have not heard 
 
 from my friend Jenkins for a very long time, but I suppose he has suffered 
 too much from his unfortunate wounds to find pleasure in writing. I beg 
 you will make my best regards to him when you write, and assure him 
 that I wish him every enjoyment and happiness. He is one of the best 
 
702 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1818 
 
 fellows ever, I knew and I should be sorry to forget him. Give my best 
 regards to the Glengarry Gentlemen residing about Perth. I wish them 
 all success. 
 
 Believe me to be very truly yours, 
 
 J. B. Macaulay. 
 
 Thomas Ritchie* to Miss Hannah Winslow. 
 
 [The recipient was daughter of Judge Winslow.] 
 
 Annapolis, 6th Sep’r, 1818. 
 
 Madam,—A Mr. Dodge wishes to purchase your Lands in Wilmot. He 
 offers 7s. 6d. per acre, to pay in five years by instalments bearing interest 
 after the first year. He will give satisfactory security. 
 
 This is the best offer I have had for the Lands since you first wrote 
 to me respecting them. If you are inclined to accept it, have the goodness 
 to inform me. 
 
 With the greatest respect. 
 
 Your very humble servant, 
 
 Miss Winslow. Thos. Ritchie. 
 
 J. E. W. Winslow to Edward Winslow. 
 
 Perth, Upper Canada, November 19, 1819. 
 
 My dear Brother,—I am informed by Hannah that you arrived only 
 36 hours after we sailed. I certainly would have remained longer in N. B. 
 had any of your letters mentioned a probability of your coming so soon; 
 hut I believe that you were doubtful about it when you wrote on the 6th 
 June. * * * Being so pledged as we were to Eliza, and 
 
 having disappointed her so often, together with the advanced season of the 
 year, I confess I urged our departure and I assure you the apparent change 
 in Eliza the first week of our arrival was very gratifying to me. Her health 
 has suffered a good deal, and I don’t think she would have been restored 
 while kept in that constant state of suspense owing to our delay. I am 
 most anxious to hear from you and hope you will indulge me soon. * * 
 
 I can’t bear the idea of your going off again without my seeing you, indeed 
 if I thought you were to I would immediately set off and surprise you. Do 
 write me most particularly about Penelope’s affairs, f I could spare £100 
 
 *Thomas Ritchie was father of the late Sir Wm. Johnstone Ritchie, chief 
 justice of the supreme court of Canada. See notice of him in Calnek and 
 Savary’s History of Annapolis. 
 
 f'Wentworth Winslow was under the impression that his sister had lost 
 all she possessed by the failure of an agent. Happily this did not prove to 
 be the case. 
 
1819 J 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 703 
 
 if you think her affairs require it, and I hope you will not fail to let me 
 know as soon after the receipt of this as possible, in order that I may 
 enclose it to you. I wish to know particularly whether you think Pene¬ 
 lope’s plans might he henefitted by my returning to N. B. as a residence. 
 I am now merely remaining here the better to secure the Deeds (of my 
 property here) and shall decline being concerned in anything till I hear 
 from you. I don’t like the thoughts of remaining in this country on 
 Penelope’s account, even should you not devise any plan for our joint opera¬ 
 tions. It will he my greatest satisfaction if I can render any services to 
 P. and her little darling,* therefore I desire to live where I can most effect¬ 
 ually answer this end. This place will be of great consequence ere long, 
 and I confess for various reasons I -could content myself very well here. 
 The constant immigration creates a deal of bustle and business in the 
 mercantile way. A Captain on half pay and myself have been talking 
 about doing something. However I shall resolve on nothing yet awhile. 
 It will depend on your answer whether I make a home here or not. I am 
 heartily thankful on poor Pen’s account that you arrived so unexpectedly. 
 If you had not come out she would have been miserably lonesome this 
 winter. * * * 
 
 Believe me, Yours very affectionately, 
 
 J. F. W. Winslow. 
 
 George Lambert to Sarah Winslow. 
 
 Worcester, [England] Feb’y 29th, 1820. 
 
 My Esteemed Friend,—I return you my best thanks for thinking me 
 worthy of memory. I had the pleasure to receive upon the 12th Inst, your 
 friendly letter of the 20 Nov’r last, left by your nephew Mr. E. Winslow 
 at the Barrack Office, London; but who enclosed it to me I know not as I 
 left the office in 1815. * * * 
 
 I assure you my good friend I am feelingly impressed at your sorrow¬ 
 ful recital. * * * 
 
 Be r o good as to let me know if Mr. S. D. Street Attorney at Law is in 
 the land of the living, & to get a friend to inquire at the Registry Office 
 if the six acre lot of Land on the hill near Fredericton, granted to Lieut. 
 Peter I. Smith of the King’s American Regiment of Foot and purchased 
 by me, is sold. 
 
 *The child here referred to, Mary Caroline Jenkins, afterwards married 
 Captain Hale of the 52nd Regiment. Her mother, Mrs. Jenkins, in 1824, married 
 Paymaster Winterbottom of the same regiment. See following notice :— 
 
 "’Married at Fredericton, on Sunday [Nov. 14, 1824], by the Rev. George 
 “ Best, Paymaster Winterbottom, 52d Light Infantry, to Mrs. Penelope Jenkins, 
 “ daughter of the late Honorable E. Winslow.”—(St. John Courier.) 
 
704 WINSLOW PAPERS. [1820 
 
 I am tolerably well now, but often experience the infirmities attend¬ 
 ant on old age. Do let me know how Mr. Clopper, &c, &e, all are. 
 
 Your sincere friend, 
 
 Geo. Lambert. 
 
 EDWARD WINSLOW & CO. 
 
 Edward Winslow, the third son of Judge Winslow, came to New 
 Brunswick to live in the autumn of 1819, haying retired from the East 
 India service. He shortly afterwards engaged in business at St. John with 
 one John Dove as co-partner, under the Firm name of Edward Winslow & 
 Co. They occupied a new store in Water street belonging to John Thom¬ 
 son. 
 
 On May 20, 1818, they advertised a stock of goods lately imported in 
 the ship “Canada” from London. A more miscellaneous collection of goods 
 could not well be imagined; it included such articles as Canton crapes, 
 silks, London manufactured jewelry, woollen goods, cloths, hats, hosiery, 
 India cottons, bandana handkerchiefs, an elegant assortment of the most 
 fashionable Millinery, ladies’ and gentlemen’s boots and shoes, carpenter’s 
 tools, cutlery, wines, ale, porter, gin and brandy; Congo, Suchong and 
 Hyson teas, the usual description of groceries, cheese, hams, sugar, mess 
 pork, bar and bolt iron, cast iron pots, stoves, sail cloth, cordage, &c., &c., 
 &c. 
 
 Edward Winslow went to England early in 1820 with the intention of 
 importing a large quantity of goods for his store and with every prospect 
 of success as a merchant. For many years he had encountered the perils 
 of the sea unharmed, but sad to relate he was destined now to make his last 
 voyage. The particulars of his death are recorded in the letter that fol¬ 
 lows. 
 
 LOSS OF THE BRIG WILLIAM & MATTHEW. 
 
 Barrington, May 19, 1820. 
 
 Gentlemen,—I am to inform you, for the information of those who 
 may be interested that the Brig “William and Matthew,” Capt. Evans, 
 from London, was wrecked on the night of the 12th inst. on Cape Negro, 
 and what adds to the misfortune is that E. Winslow, Esq., the principal 
 owner, in his anxiety to reach the shore was drowned with one of the sea¬ 
 men. The vessel is now entirely in chips and from the continued violence 
 of the Easterly wind and the nature of the place, very little has been 
 saved. * * * 
 
 The body of Mr. Winslow has not yet been found but I have offered 
 a liberal reward for it, and if I succeed shall carry it to Shelburne and 
 inter him with the respect due to his character and connections. Whatever 
 

Edward Winslow, Jr. 
 
 Sou of Judge Edward. 
 
 [From a portrait by I.eqna, of Canton, in possession of Kdward Pelham Winslow.] 
 
1820] 
 
 WINSLOW TAPERS. 
 
 705 
 
 appears to belong to him shall be faithfully taken care of and transmitted 
 to Saint John. Excuse the hurry of this which I send off express fo 
 Yarmouth. 
 
 I am Gentlemen, yours &c, 
 
 Wm. Robertson. 
 
 Not a Letter saved. 
 
 Harriot [Rainsford?] to Hannah Winslow. 
 
 Fredericton 19 June, 1820. 
 
 My dear Hannah,—I have requested Mr. Sampson not to hand you 
 this letter until you are informed of its sad subject. Painful indeed is the 
 task which I have undertaken to announce the death of such a Brother. 
 You certainly have the greatest, and indeed only reflection that can recon¬ 
 cile us to such afflictions, that your beloved brother’s life was spent in such 
 a manner that his sudden death would not have found him unprepared. 
 What but that soothing hope, and a full trust in Heaven for a happy meet¬ 
 ing thereafter would have supported me under my double loss a few short 
 months since. * * * Mrs. Jenkins received a letter from 
 
 him from London, dated, I think, 4th April. In it he speaks with great 
 pleasure of his settling himself permanently at St. John. He speaks of 
 having met such “Friends as no man ever deserved.” He chartered the 
 unfortunate vessel and was bringing out goods to a great amount. 
 
 Mrs. Jenkins came to town on the post day not feeling a doubt but 
 that she should hear from him from St. John, and after we found there 
 were no letters for her, we all anxiously searched the newspapers for the 
 arrival of the ship, and she was the first who discovered the inclosed heart 
 rending advertisement. She was not able to go home until the evening 
 when she was a little more composed. I have seen her frequently since, 
 she shows more fortitude than I could have hoped. She is truly to be 
 pitied. Mrs. Miller’s family, and her own sweet little girl, must occupy 
 her a great deal and prevent her from dwelling so much upon her loss. 
 * * * 
 
 My dear girl it is not alone among relatives that he is mourned. I 
 never knew a person so generally lamented. It’s happy for Mrs. Sampson 
 and Wentworth that they had not seen their brother for so many years, 
 they cannot, I think, feel such poignant grief as those relatives who have 
 had such recent proofs of his affection and kindness. 
 
 This is a miserable commencement of a correspondence that under 
 other circumstances would have given me so much pleasure, but I hope I 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 1826] 
 
 JOG 
 
 shall hear from yon as soon as you feel equal to writing, and if I can procure 
 any further accounts they shall he forwarded you as soon as possible. * * 
 
 Mama and the girls desire their love. 
 
 Believe me my dear Friend, 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 Harriot. 
 
 Major Gen’l Sir R. H. Sheaffe, Bart., to J. F. W. Winslow. 
 
 Alnwick Castle, 11th Jan’y, 1826. 
 
 My dear Winslow,— * * * What a scene your vicinity 
 
 must have exhibited! in ashes*— I of course mean the extensive tracts 
 which have been desolated in so awful a manner, and in which many human 
 beings have perished or have been bereaved of all that gave comfort to 
 their existence. What picture is there so much calculated to interest 
 human feeling as that of the happy & prosperous suddenly overwhelmed 
 by the destruction of all that contributed to happiness & prosperity, finding 
 in their stead heaped on them all the bitter calamities by which man can 
 be assailed. From such a state I hope you are gradually recovering, though 
 some of the evil must be without remedy. To your worthy Governor it 
 affords an opportunity of shewing the excellence of his character by which 
 the sufferers no doubt profit. * * * 
 
 Yours very faithfully, 
 
 R. H. Sheaffe. 
 
 [P. S.] Present to the Lt. Gov’r the friendly regards of an old 
 acquaintance who has a sincere esteem for him. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 Note—[The letters that follow came to light too late for insertion in 
 chronological order, but are considered by the Editor to be of sufficient 
 interest to be added here.] 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Fredericton, 26th April, 1786. 
 
 Dear Chip,—I am glad you are visibly employed, wish it was more 
 lucrative. 
 
 You must detach some professional man to this County; the incon¬ 
 venience of being without advice is very great. Controversies will arise, 
 
 ♦The reference is to the great Miramichi fire of October, 1825. 
 
1783] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 707 
 
 and there is not a man in the County who can pretend to any knowledge 
 of the form of proceedings. 
 
 By the way some papers are before me which I will enclose, because it 
 will save me the trouble of writing the whole story over again. The man 
 was suspected, was taken, and it was evident he was not guilty: but some 
 one certainly murdered the whole family and burnt the house*. Appli¬ 
 cation had been made for the administration and I proposed to grant it 
 to Captain Townsend.t I want Father Crannell to send me a form—or 
 memoranda of what I am to do precisely. 
 
 A coroner’s inquest sat on the bodies of the deceased and reported 
 separately. Will the coroner and jury be entitled to fees on each ? 
 
 Judge Allen will be down to the court. I’ll write again by him. 
 
 Mrs. Winslow and the little ones are all well and ask to be remem¬ 
 bered in your prayers. Adieu. 
 
 Yours ever, 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman. 
 
 Fredericton, 21st May, 1786. 
 
 Dear Chip,—I this moment received yours, without date, and thank 
 you for the inclosed from Father Crannell. 
 
 I feel anxious for an arrival from England. I want to know who’s 
 who in this country. Don’t defer your visit until the circuit in Sunbury. 
 You cannot render a greater service than by attending our “Inferior Court” 
 in June. I have serious thoughts of soliciting the Governor that a crown 
 lawyer should be requested to attend. There literally is not a man of 
 Law in the County, and there is a variety of business to be performed. 
 Several criminal cases and two or three in common Pleas of considerable 
 importance. These proceedings ought to be carried on with decency and 
 formality. Some person acquainted with practice should set us right at 
 first and we will not err afterwards. 
 
 In addition to these considerations I’ll venture to affirm that you will 
 receive a portion of business which essentially will pay you for your trouble. 
 It will be a pleasant season to travel, and the task is not so arduous as 
 you suppose. I hope you will make the attempt. I have very much to 
 say to you and I cannot leave my home. 
 
 *The reference is to the murder of Richard Bydder, his wife and five children, 
 on the night of Sunday. March 26th, 1786. The family lived on the lands assigned 
 the Maryland Loyalists below the Nashwaak. See under “ Hue and Cry ” at page 327. 
 fThe reference is to Captain Levin Townsend of the Maryland Loyalists. 
 
708 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1786 
 
 While I am writing a number of Frenchmen who have been most un¬ 
 justly ousted of their land, which was reserved by the Government of Nova 
 Scotia, have made application to me, and solicited proceedings against the 
 tresspassers. I have put them off and have assured them that some 
 Lawyer will he here in the second week in June. They say they have 
 money and are determined to try the matter . 
 
 I have heard young Sewell is not well; will it not he of service to him 
 to visit this quarter ? The air is pure; he will have the benefit of exercise; 
 he can ride—he can walk—I’ll make him laugh in spite of his health. He 
 will gratify me beyond what I could write to tell him. I am solitary; if 
 he can reconcile himself to spend a few days out of your city he will lay 
 me under obligations. You certainly can spare him, I’ll return him safe 
 and sound: urge him to come up. 
 
 Yours forever, 
 
 -* Ed. Winslow. 
 
 Benjamin Marston to Ward Chipman. 
 
 London, March 26, 1792. 
 
 My dear Chippy,—God in His merciful providence has at last opened 
 me a door to escape out of England and I have embraced the opportunity 
 with as much joy as I ever did to get out from the worst prison I was ever 
 in. It does not indeed bring me to New Brunswick, it carries me rather 
 farther off—to the coast of Africa, whither I am going as Survevor Gen’l 
 of Lands to a large Company who are about making a settlement on the 
 Island Boolam, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, about four miles from the 
 main continent of Africa in 11 degrees some min. N. Lat., right opposite the 
 mouth of Rio Grande. They gave me £60 str. per annum salary and sub¬ 
 sistence, and 500 acres land gratis — other settlers give £30 for that 
 quantity. The salary to he sure is no great thing, hut anything with some¬ 
 thing to eat is infinitely before nothing and starving by inches—but the 
 land will be soon worth £500, if the settlement should succeed, and should 
 it prosper greatly, much more and that in a short time. At any rate I am 
 glad I am leaving England which never pleased me and which has been 
 made tenfold more disagreeable by my being forced to stay in it against 
 my will. I expect to embark in two days from this. You shall hear from 
 me as opportunity offers and perhaps I may have it in my power to institute 
 a commercial intercourse with St. John for house frames and other build¬ 
 ing materials as I think they will he able to get them much cheaper with 
 you than from the Baltic. 
 
 For the present, adieu: Remember me very kindly to my friends: 
 tell them I don’t give up hope of yet returning to my loved America. God 
 bless you and them is the fervent wish of 
 
 Yours, 
 
 Ben. Marston. 
 
1792] 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS 
 
 709 
 
 P. S.—Don’t neglect to tease Lesdernier when yon can do it without 
 much trouble to yourself — and why can’t you institute a process against 
 my real property at Miramichi, have it let for whatever it will and apply 
 the money to payment where I owe, of which I have given you an account. 
 
 The Boolam Island Company go out under a Governor, Lieutenant 
 Gov’r and a Legislative Council chosen by the settlers who go out with 
 them, whose names are as follows 
 
 Henry Hew Dalrymple, Esq., Governor. 
 
 John Young, Esq., Lt. Gov’r. 
 
 Council :—Sir Wm. Halton, Bar’t., Jno. King, Philip Beaver, Peter 
 Clutterbuck, Francis Brodie, Charles Drake, John Tubs, Richard Hancome, 
 Robert Dobbin, Isaac Himenes, Esquires. 
 
 [Note.—Soon after the arrival of the settlers at their destination they 
 were attacked by the deadly African fever, and of their company of 275 
 persons only a few survived who abandoned the enterprise and returned 
 home. Among those who perished was Benjamin Marston. His death 
 occurred August 10, 1792.] 
 
 Edward Winslow to Jonathan Sewell. 
 
 Kingsclear, 14 Jan’y, 1797. 
 
 Your letter, my dear Sewell, found me a cripple with the gout in my 
 right arm, which prevented me sooner acknowledging it. 
 
 Chipman (I dare say) has wrote you on the subject of our new engage¬ 
 ments in the commission for locating the River St. Croix of the Treaty , of 
 1783. You know the cordial friendship between us, and you will conclude 
 that the connexion must render the duty perfectly pleasant. 
 
 The office of secretary is not what I originally aimed for. If I had 
 been chosen Umpire I should have acted under every possible restraint. 
 For the duties of the office of secretary I feel myself every way equal; I 
 fear no reflection and will in no degree be responsible for the consequence 
 which may attend the decision. It will be laborious, perhaps not lucrative. 
 One advantage must result both to Chipman and myself: it has taken us 
 from that dreamy path which both of us have been imperceptibly sliding 
 into—obscurity and despair. During the first bustle here we combatted 
 difficulties with alacrity, and we submitted to inconveniences without mur¬ 
 muring. As soon as this was over and the eagerness of expectation had 
 subsided, we saw the whole society sinking into a sort of lethargy. Those 
 who had salaries made their calculations to eat, drink and vegetate to the 
 exact amount of their incomes. Those who had none were saved all the 
 trouble of estimates for they could get nothing either to eat or drink. I 
 belong (nearly) to the latter class, I found myself loaded with titles—over- 
 
7L0 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 [1797 
 
 whelmed with honors, but with little money. I was the proprietor of a 
 tract of land ‘‘beautifully situated upon a navigable river and covered with 
 prodigious fine timber.” But the river glided by without material advant¬ 
 age to me, for I could not buy a Boat, and the trees might have stood to 
 eternity for I had hardly credit for an axe. I have dashed at every opening,- 
 but a wife, ten children, and the gout have held me fast. Chipman was 
 not quite so badly off: he had saved a little cash, so that he did not feel 
 the weight so soon, but when it fairly rested on his shoulders down he 
 dropped, and it would have grinded the heart of a man of sensibility to have 
 watched his countenance for the last two or three years. The late appoint¬ 
 ment has revived—nay has regenerated him. It may not be of long 
 continuance, and in a pecuniary view possibly will not be very beneficial, 
 but it is an honourable mark of confidence, and it has brought him into a 
 field where he may exert his talents. The vigor of his mind is unabated 
 and he is industrious almost beyond example. I presume he will secure 
 so much credit to himself by his correct management of this important 
 business that it will lead to something which may render the remainder of 
 his days comfortable. 
 
 For myself I cannot anticipate any substantial benefits from the em¬ 
 ployment, and yet I am highly gratified at it. I am almost ready to 
 exclaim like General Buggies’ Indian, when his friends were preparing the 
 last offices for him: “My dear Brothers, you shan’t bury me yet ” ! 
 
 Our General Assembly meet this day. I am sickened at the antici¬ 
 pation of the renewal of our controversies led by Glenie, analyzing all the 
 principles of Government, fixing the political Longitudes and Latitudes, 
 and establishing the boundary line between prerogative and privilege. 
 
 Our very worthy Bector, Mr. Pidgeon (late 65 Beg’t) often speaks of 
 you. He is to be married early in the spring to a daughter of Bishop Inglis. 
 
 I assure you, my dear Sewell, I did not intend so long a letter, but you 
 brought yourself into the scrape and I shall write you whenever I please. 
 
 I am, yours, &c., &c., 
 
 Ed. Winslow. 
 
 TABLE EXPLANATORY OF AUT06RAPHS. 
 
 1. Brig. Gen’l Benedict Arnold—“the traitor.” 
 
 2. Major Thomas Barclay of the Loyal American Begiment. 
 
 3. Bev. John Beardsley, chaplain of Loyal American Begiment. 
 
 4. Daniel Bliss, member of first council of New Brunswick. 
 
 5. Sampson Salter Blowers, Chief Justice of Nova Scotia. 
 
 6. Brig. Gen’l Montfort Browne, Governor of the Bahamas. 
 
 7. Sir Guy Carleton, first Governor General of B. N. A. 
 
WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 711 
 
 8. Brig. Gen’l Thos. Carleton, first Governor of New Brunswick. 
 
 9. Ward Chipman, Judge of the Supreme Court and administrator of 
 
 government in 1823. 
 
 10. Major General John Coffin. 
 
 11. Sir Thomas Aston Coffin, Baronet. 
 
 12. Lt. Col. Stephen De Lancey, of the New Jersey Volunteers. 
 
 13. Rev. Frederick Dibblee, first rector of Woodstock, N. B. 
 
 14. Edmund Fanning, General in the Army and Lieut. Governor of Prince 
 
 Edward Island. 
 
 15. Brig. Gen’l Henry E. Fox, commander of the forces in Nova Scotia, 
 
 brother of Charles James Fox. 
 
 16. William Franklin, last Royal Governor of New Jersey, a son of 
 
 Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 17. William Garden, commissary at Fredericton. 
 
 18. Major General Hugh Mackay Gordon. 
 
 19. Lt. Col. Harris Wm. Hailes, administrator of government of New 
 
 Brunswick in 1816. 
 
 20. Lieut. Col. Richard Hewlett, commanding officer of Loyalist regiments 
 
 that came to New Brunswick in 1783. 
 
 21. Major Genfi Martin Hunter, administrator of Government of New 
 
 Brunswick in 1809. 
 
 22. Monson Hayt, partner in business with Benedict Arnold at St. John 
 
 in 1788. 
 
 23. Col. Stephen Kemble, Deputy Adjutant GenT of the Forces. 
 
 24. Col. Gabriel G. Ludlow, Administrator of Government of New Bruns¬ 
 
 wick, 1803 to 1808. 
 
 25. Thos. Hutchinson, last Royal Governor of Massachusetts. 
 
 26. George Leonard, member of Council of New Brunswick. 
 
 27. Major Daniel Lyman of Prince of Wales American Reg’t. 
 
 28. Hon. Geo. Duncan Ludlow, Chief Justice of New Brunswick. 
 
 29. Col. Edward Goldstone Lutwyche, agent in England for the Province 
 
 of New Brunswick in 1808. 
 
 30. Benjamin Marston, first sheriff of Northumberland County. 
 
 31. Major Daniel Murray, of the Kings American Dragoons. 
 
 32. Governor John Parr of Nova Scotia. 
 
 33. Hon. Jonathan Odell, first Provincial Secretary of New Brunswick. 
 
 34. William Pagan, member for St. John in first House of Assembly. 
 
 35. Dr. William Paine, first clerk of the House of Assembly. 
 
 36. Charles J. Peters, Attorney General of N. B., 1828—1848. 
 
 37. Israel Perley, leader of Maugerville exploring party in 1761. 
 
 38. Samuel Denny Street, member for Sunbury County in the House of 
 
 Assembly. 
 
712 
 
 WINSLOW PAPERS. 
 
 39. Hon. John Saunders, Chief Justice of New Brunswick in 1822. 
 
 40. Christopher Sower, first King’s printer in New Brunswick. 
 
 41. Sir John Graves Simcoe, Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada, 1792— 
 
 1796. 
 
 42. George Sproule, first Surveyor General of New Brunswick. 
 
 43. Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe, Baronet, Lieut. Gen’l in the army. 
 
 44. Sir Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford), Colonel King’s 
 
 American Dragoons. 
 
 45. Jonathan Sewall, Attorney General of Massachusetts and Judge of the 
 
 admiralty for Nova Scotia. 
 
 46. Gregory Townsend, Assistant Commissary General at New York. 
 
 47. Capt. Gideon White, member for Shelburne in N. S. House of 
 
 Assembly. 
 
 48. Major Joshua Upham, of the King’s American Dragoons, afterwards 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. 
 
 49. Lord Sheffield, a warm friend of the Colonies in North America. 
 
 50 Col. William Tyng, commissary at St. John in 1783; he was afterwards 
 sheriff of Queens County, N. B. 
 
 51. Sir Brook Watson, Commissary General at New York in 1783, after¬ 
 
 wards member of the House of Commons and Lord Mayor of 
 London. 
 
 52. Col. Geo. Williamson, Brigade Major to Gen’l Fox in 1783. 
 
 53. William Wanton, son of Gov’r Wanton of Rhode Island, afterwards 
 
 first collector of customs at St. John, holding the office for thirty 
 years. 
 
 54. Rev. Samuel Peters, D. D., of Hartford, Conn., author of History of 
 
 Connecticut describing the “Blue laws.” 
 
 55. Edward Winslow, of Plymouth, Mass., father of Judge Winslow. 
 
 56. Sir John Wentworth, Baronet, Lieut. Governor of Nova Scotia. 
 
 57. Charles Morris, Surveyor General of Nova Scotia. 
 
 58. Sir William Pepperrell, Baronet, a grandson of the captor of Louis- 
 
 hurg in 1745. 
 
 59. George Heriot, Postmaster General of B. N. A. in 1807. 
 
 60. Major Gen’l Sir Thomas Saumarez, administrator of Government of 
 
 New Brunswick in 1813. 
 
FAC SIMILE OF AUTOGRAPHS 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Academy, at Fredericton, 343, 354, 517. 
 
 Academy, at Sussex Yale, 403, 504, 511, 
 514, 546, 658. 
 
 Acadians, 149, 339, 494, 498, 508, 510, 670. 
 
 Adams, Samuel, 261. 
 
 Addenbrooke, Capt., 140, 199, 218, 224, 
 235, 552, 594. 
 
 Administrator of government. (See 
 President and Commander in Chief.) 
 
 Advertisement, Ironical, 74. 
 
 Agents for Loyalists on St John river, 
 207, 217, 275, 504. 
 
 Agents for Provincial Corps, 81, 98, 109, 
 113, 119, 349, 350. 
 
 Agents for settlers in Nova Scotia, 78, 
 103. 
 
 Agnew, Rev. John, biographical notice 
 of, 373; 376, 379, 487. 
 
 Agnew, Capt. Stair, 373, 376, 420, 487, 
 600, 694; quarrels with Glenie, 415. 
 
 Aldington, Maj. John, memorial of, 126. 
 
 Alexander, grant to Sir William, 129. 
 
 Alexander, Sir James, his description 
 of New Canaan, 463. 
 
 Allaire, Lt. Anthony, 413. 
 
 Allan, Lt. Adam, 410, 412. 
 
 Allan, Col. John, 132, 260. 
 
 Allen, Lt. Col. Isaac, 20, 81, 86, 106, 109, 
 116, 117, 146, 181, 183, 282, 322, 433, 707; 
 purchases lands from Indians, 332; 
 his family arrive at Annapolis, 147; 
 named as Judge, 214, 315; illness of, 
 526; death of, 567, 569. 
 
 Allen, William, 147. 
 
 Allen, Lt. Col. William, 46, 581. 
 
 Allen, Capt. John, 620, 641, 680. 
 
 Alward, Benjamin, 463. 
 
 Anderson, John, pre-Loyalist settler 
 and magistrate, 373. 
 
 Anderson, William, 660. 
 
 Andrews, Elisha, 492. 
 
 Annapolis, Loyalists at, 82, 105, 107; 
 garrison and barracks at, 125, 143, 
 426. 
 
 Annapolis Royal (see Granville) Win¬ 
 slow’s arrival at, 81, 250. 
 
 Antigonish, 685, 686. 
 
 Aplin, Joseph, biographical notice of, 
 163; 210, 221, 237, 340, 460. 
 
 Ardoise Hill, 359. 
 
 Arichat, 406. 
 
 Arms, Royal, 8, 279. 
 
 Armstrong, Capt. Edward, half-pay 
 agent, 432. 
 
 Armstrong, Maj. Richard, 120, 264, 659, 
 694; biographical notice of, 265. 
 
 Arnold, Gen. Benedict, 264, 321, 370, 397, 
 451, 681. 
 
 Arnold’s American Legion, 156, 397. 
 
 Arnold, Rev. Oliver, 181, 183, 403, 487, 
 610. 
 
 Assembly, clerk of, 323, 408, 487, 515, 
 606. 
 
 Assembly, House of, 464, 487, 506, 582; 
 first meeting of, 323, 350; second gen¬ 
 eral election, 398; votes £150 for Lord 
 Sheffield’s portrait, 577; votes £100 to 
 Hannah and Eliza Winslow, 696; 
 troubles in, 710. 
 
 Attorney General of New Brunswick, 
 208, 214, 294. 
 
 Atwood, Capt. Isaac, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 222. 
 
 Audit office, Edward Winslow’s trouble 
 with, 517, 521, 523, 609. 
 
 Autographs, fac similes, 713. 
 
 Aylesford, 426. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bagweet, Island of, 162. 
 
 Bailey, Rev. J., 358, 589. , 
 
 Balfour, Maj. Gen., 84, 87, 216, 259, 305, 
 365, 672. 
 
 Ball at Halifax, 252; at St. John, 269. 
 
 Bannister, J., 72. 
 
 Bannister, Thomas, 29, 115., 
 
 Barclay, Maj Thomas, 40; biographical 
 notice of, 96; 109, 112, 113, 116, 117.123, 
 147, 178, 199, 341, 343, 401, 426, 428, 434. 
 
 Bartlett, Capt. W., 455, 507. 
 
 Baronets of Nova Scotia, 129. 
 
 Barry, Maj., 27, 52. 
 
 Bayard, Lt. Col. John, 33. 
 
 Bayard, Maj. Samuel V., 33, 93, 125, 401, 
 428. 
 
 Bay du Vin (Beddewin), 313. 
 
 Bay of Chaleur, 451. 
 
 Bayley, Dr. Richard, 78; biographical 
 notice of, 79; 101, 116, 142. 
 
 Beardsley, Rev. John, 412; biographical 
 notice of, 509; receives half-pay, 575. 
 
 Beaubear’s Island, 310, 500. 
 
 Beckwith, Nehemiah, 391. 
 
 Bedell, John, 183, 345, 423, 468, 693; bio¬ 
 graphical notice of, 467. 
 
 Bedell, Joseph, 183. 
 
 Bedell, Paul, 181, 183. 
 
 Bedford Expedition, 46, 48, 365. 
 
 Beeler, Capt., of Georgia, 159. 
 
 Benson, Judge Egbert, 542. 
 
716 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bentick, Governor, 461. 
 
 Bethel, Robert, 72. 
 
 Billopp, Col. Christopher, 323; bio¬ 
 graphical notice of, 423. 
 
 Birch, Gen., 129. 
 
 Bishop, first of Nova Scotia, 352, 426. 
 
 Black, John, 465. 
 
 Bliss, Daniel. 218, 547. 
 
 Bliss, Jonathan, 214, 294, 323, 345, 523, 
 530, 533, 578, 587; appointed Chief Jus¬ 
 tice, 628, 637, 639. 
 
 Bliss, John Murray, 488, 629, 694. 
 
 Bliss, Samuel] 188, 196, 260. 
 
 Bloomingdale, Gen. DeLancey’s house 
 at, burned, 19. 
 
 Blowers,'Sampson Salter, 26, 78, 176, 597, 
 696; attorney general of New Bruns¬ 
 wick, 208; biographical notice of, 133; 
 description of Boston society, 34; re¬ 
 ceives harsh treatment at Boston, 41; 
 goes to Halifax, 111, 116, 124; arrival 
 at Halifax, 133, 134, 139, 142. 
 
 “Bluenose,” use of term, 574. 
 
 Boag, Capt., 673, 674. 
 
 Board of Accounts for district of New 
 Brunswick, 305, 310, 318. 
 
 Board of Claims, 153, 168, 175, 215. 
 
 Board of General Officers, 8, 15, 21, 65, 
 561. 
 
 Boston, records carried to Halifax, 8, 
 17, 364, 503, 665, 666; society at, 34. 
 
 Botsford, Amos, 77, 105, 477; exploration 
 committee, their instructions, 77, 78; 
 speaker of Assembly, 323, 464, 645. 
 
 Botsford, William, 543, 563, 656. 
 
 Boundary Commissioners, 422, 428, 434, 
 435, 450. 
 
 Boundary, dispute with Quebec, 339, 
 342, 395. 
 
 Boundary, international, 123, 193, 256, 
 259, 260, 354, 355, 411, 415, 422, 435, 436, 
 450, 454, 542, 545, 546, 554, 557, 563; Win¬ 
 slow’s rhyming version of, 425. 
 
 Boundaries, of New Brunswick, 193, 
 240, 258, 339, 342. 
 
 Bourdet, Oliver, 325, 418. 
 
 Bowyer, Gen., 447, 466. 
 
 Boyle, Hon. Robert, founder of New 
 England Company, 511. 
 
 Brace, Major, 72. 
 
 Breriton, E. B., 154, 531. 
 
 Brenton, Judge, 467. 
 
 Brewerton, Col. Geo., 20. 
 
 Brice, Rigdon, 59, 70, 73. 
 
 “Bridgewater,” arrival of ship at St. 
 John, 141. 
 
 Bridgham, Ebenezer, 16, 32, 103 
 
 Brinley, George, 156, 157, 176, 235, 256, 
 467. 
 
 British American Regiments. (See 
 Loyalist Regiments.) 
 
 Brier Island, lighthouse on, 578. 
 
 British Legion, 71, 95. 
 
 Brittain, John, 224, 254, 265, 314. 
 
 Brock, Sir Isaac, 681. 
 
 Brown, Henry B., 456, 492, 634. 
 
 Browne, Montfort, 17, 28. 
 
 Brown, Lt. Zachariah, 264. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, 207. 
 
 Brownrigg, Capt. R. F., 308. 
 
 Bruce, Col. A., 317, 318, 319, 345. 
 
 Brundage, John, 465. 
 
 Bulkeley, Richard, 106, 165; biographi¬ 
 cal notice of, 291. 
 
 Buctouche, 499. 
 
 Burton, 105, 315, 318, 392. 
 
 Buskirk, Lt. Col. Abraham, 19. 
 
 Butler, Gilham, 329. 
 
 Bydder, Richard, murdered, 327, 707. 
 
 Byles, Rev. Mather, 255, 256, 691. 
 
 Byles, Mather, Jun., biographical notice 
 of, 225, 254; at Granada, 378, 380, 409; 
 in England, 439, 445, 448. 
 
 C. 
 
 Calef, Dr. John, 256, 449, 455. 
 
 Calef’s (Paine’s or Frye’s) Island, 196, 
 335. 
 
 Callbeck, Capt. Phillips, 125, 149. 
 
 Calonne, M. de, celebrated as a 
 preacher, 664. 
 
 Camp, Capt. Abiather, 181, 183, 359. 
 
 Campbell, Capt. Archibald, 15, 43 . 
 
 Campbell, Colin, 465; of St. Andrews, 
 207, 545. 
 
 Campbell, Capt. Dugald, 147, 306, 311; 
 biographical notice of, 385; 451, 454, 
 455, 514. 
 
 Campbell, James, 457. 
 
 Campbell, Capt. James, 319. 
 
 Campbell, Lt. Col. George, 63. 
 
 Campbell, Maj. Gen., 108, 122, 124, 126, 
 172, 285, 311, 517, 535, 569. 
 
 Campbell, Post-master, 662. 
 
 Campbell, William, Mayor of St. John, 
 513. 
 
 Campobello Island, 482, 490, 491; cus¬ 
 toms troubles at, 545. 
 
 Canada, Upper, 388, 470. 
 
 Canoeing, instructions for, 584. 
 
 Capital of New Brunswick, site of, 194, 
 292, 350, 354, 398, 441, 480. 
 
 Caraquet, 501. 
 
 Carleton, Mrs., 367, 477, 605. 
 
 Carleton, Governor Thomas, 284, 294, 
 477; address of Loyalists to, 251; 
 thought of as Gov. of Quebec, 177, 
 214, 220, 246, 286, 294, 327, 560; appoint¬ 
 ed Gov. of New Brunswick, 214, 215, 
 219; appointed Brig. Gen., 335, 413; 
 his character, 353, 414, 510, 567, 588; 
 tenders resignation, 446, 453; remarks 
 
INDEX. 
 
 717 
 
 on telegraphic communication, 458; 
 his return to England, 479, 507; re¬ 
 marks on character of, 414, 492, 510, 
 520; at Ramsgate', 516, 537, 541, 588; 
 Emma & Ann, 516; 527, 535; occupies 
 Geo. Leonard’s house, 528; expects to 
 return to N. B., 550, 555; remarks on 
 Winslow, 570, 583, 587; letters to Win¬ 
 slow, 50>7 to 549, 575, 623; at Bath, 530, 
 547, 549, 580; his reason for staying in 
 England, 621; his inactivity, 635. 
 
 Carleton, Sir Guy, 104, 131, 152, 168, 170, 
 202, 216; letters of, 108, 124, 131, 132; 
 directions for disbanding Loyalist 
 Corps, 124, 131, 132. his reference to 
 international boundary, 132; admira¬ 
 tion of Loyalists for, 131; approves 
 of Winslow’s services, 147; suggested 
 as Gov. Gen., 170, 172, 174, 176, 177, 194; 
 appointed Gov’r Gen’l, 323, 327, 331. 
 (See Lord Dorchester.) 
 
 Carleton, town of, 98, 99, 101, 118, 202, 
 210, 216, 241, 242, 539, 543. 
 
 Carleton, William, 541, ,547, 550, 623. 
 
 Carolina, South, Loyalist regiments in, 
 70, 71. 
 
 Carr, Peter, 334, 336. 
 
 Carre’s sloop, 334, 337. 
 
 Carter, Chief_ Justice, 433. 
 
 Cattle, 190, 271, 299, 354, 469, 484, 493, 496. 
 
 Cedars, on St. John river, 381. 
 
 Chalmers, Lt. Col. James, 46, 303. 
 
 Chandler^ Joshua. 78. . / 
 
 Chandler, Nathaniel, 115., 
 
 Charlestown, Loyalists aTt, 70, 71. 
 
 Cnarlotte, County of, population and 
 exports, 489. 
 
 Chasseurs, 20. 
 
 Chedabuctou, 165, 307, 308. 
 
 Chew, Joseph, 83, 276, 427. 
 
 Chew, Lt. William, 222, 405, 412. 
 
 Chipman house, 278. 
 
 Chipman, Ward, assistant to Winslow 
 at New York, 18, 29, 45; his trap door, 
 30, 35; false alarm, 31; lives in Sew- 
 alil’s family, 37; talks of going to 
 England, 105; discusses plans for 
 future, 111; one of the “Fifty-five,” 
 111; expensive mode of living, 112; 
 declines to be further concerned with 
 “Fifty-five,” 115; his “sprightly sing¬ 
 ing,” 135, 215; finds his brother, 170, 
 195; asks for office of attorney gen¬ 
 eral, 208; goes to N. B., 215, 219, 232, 
 250; letter of Penelope Winslow to, 
 252; his marriage, 278, 313; solicitor 
 general of N. B., 214; his kindness to 
 the Winslow family, 82, 84, 286, 532, 
 535, 696; his disappointments, 324, 525; 
 loses his election, 398; British agent 
 in boundary adjustment, 434, 557, 709; 
 
 visits Massachusetts, 517, 519, 523, 525; 
 his situation at St. John, 525, 526, 535, 
 
 538, 542, 587; appointed to Council, 556, 
 575; desires Judgeship, 606, 631; ap¬ 
 pointed Judge, 637, 639; in Kings Co., 
 656; illness of, 684; urged by Winslow 
 to visit Fredericton, 707. 
 
 Chipman, Mrs. Ward, 517, 625. 
 
 Chipman, Ward, Jun., 350, 367, 517, 525, 
 
 539, 542, 625, 673; his remarks on mili¬ 
 tary succession, 634, 635; in England, 
 525, 656, 658, 667, 672, 674; leaves Eng¬ 
 land for New Brunswick, 681; arrives 
 in N. B., 684. 
 
 Church of England in Maugerville, 391. 
 
 Clark, Peter, 468. 
 
 Clark, Thomas, 184. 
 
 Clements, Capt. Peter, 239, 372. 
 
 Clements, Obadiah H., biographical 
 notice of, 449. 
 
 Clinch Peter, 412, 413, 452. 
 
 Clinton, Sir H., 19, 30, 38, 61, 74, 365; 
 his inactivity, 64; Winslow’s memor¬ 
 ials to, 65, 66; a “strainer of gnats 
 and swallower of camels,” 70. 
 
 Clopper, Garret, 408, 412, 440; memorial 
 of, 618. 
 
 Clopper, Henry G., 660, 693. 
 
 Clowes, Capt. Gerhardus, 407, 412. 
 
 Coac (Gowac) stream, 272, 276. 
 
 Coal mines, 496. 
 
 Coat of Arms (now in Trinity church), 
 279. 
 
 Cocaigne, 298, 498. 
 
 Coffee House, old St. John, 419. 
 
 Coffin, Admiral, Sir Isaac, 351, 400, 547. 
 
 Coffin, Major John (General Coffin), 90, 
 98, 121, 129, 179, 217, 236, 398, 401, 435, 
 534, 542, 555, 610, 645, 698; biographical 
 notice of, 180; appointed Brig. Gen., 
 435; reported killed, 121, 534; in Eng¬ 
 land, 523, 539; returns to New Bruns¬ 
 wick, 541, 555; Indian Superintendent, 
 658. 
 
 Coffin’s Creek. (See Nerepis Creek.) 
 
 Coffin’s manor, 179, 204, 253, 328. 
 
 Coffin, Nathaniel, 96, 203. 
 
 Coffin, Sir Thomas Aston, 82, 99, 100, 
 154, 176, 205, 257; biographical notice 
 of, 209; 213, 218, 270, 289, 313, 318, 345, 
 358, 417, 453, 477; in England, 539, 551, 
 596, 637, 649. 
 
 Coffin, William, 252, 257, 347. 
 
 College (Academy) at Fredericton, 343, 
 354, 517. 
 
 Collier, Admiral Sir George, 54; at 
 Penobscot, 365. 
 
 Colville, John, 132, 181, 184, 318, 336. 
 
 Committee on relief of soldiers, 8, 21, 
 65. 
 
 Compensation for losses of Loyalists, 
 
718 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 84, 134, 174, 198, 218, 321, 326, 338. 
 Conway, Gen. Henry S., 87, 89, 103. 
 Conway, township of, 101, 105, 204. 
 
 Cook, Capt. Thomas Ive, 264. 
 
 Cooke, Rev. Dr., death by drowning, 
 416. 
 
 Cornwallis, Lord, 16, 70; surrender of, 
 74. 
 
 Correspondence, New Brunswick com¬ 
 mittee of, 550, 622, 630. 
 
 Costin, Thomas, biographical notice of, 
 394; 514, 572. 
 
 Cottnam, Deborah, her school at St. 
 John, 334, 337; 344. 
 
 Council of New Brunswick, 214, 219, 
 249, 277, 337, 350, 605, 645, 672. 
 
 Country Harbour, 254. 
 
 Court martial, 126, 441, 447, 452, 617, 628. 
 Cowbridge, Wales, 62, 209. 
 
 Cowenhoven, Nicholas, 23, 24. 
 “Coxcombs, fools and blackguards,” 41. 
 Craig, Sir James H., 516, 604, 612, 616, 
 621. 
 
 Crannell, Bartholomew, 181, 184, 207, 707. 
 Creeper Cock, 606, 628. 
 
 Cruden, James, letter of, 91. 
 
 Cruger, Lt. Col. J. H., 20, 90, 173; de¬ 
 sires Winslow to locate lands for his 
 corps, 80, 81; goes to England, 92. 
 Cumberland, Fort, 16, 143. 
 
 Cumberland, 240; Kinnear’s report con¬ 
 cerning, 298. 
 
 Cumberland road, 330. 
 
 Cummings, Samuel, 77. 
 
 Currie, Ross, 581. 
 
 "Curry, John, 457. 
 
 Custom House at Boston, 8, 65, 136, 503, 
 561, 665. 
 
 Cyr, Oliver, 395. 
 
 D. 
 
 Danforth, Thomas, 684. 
 
 Davidson, Capt. John, 95, 258, 272, 277, 
 429, 671. 
 
 Davidson, William, 298, 310, 464. 
 DeBlois, George, 134, 279. 
 
 Deggle, Joseph, 395, 585. 
 
 DeLancey, Gen. Oliver, 19. 
 
 DeLancey, Maj. Oliver, Jun., 66; letter 
 of 125. 
 
 DeLancey, Lt. Col. Stephen, 20, 100, 106; 
 letters of, 105, 173. 
 
 Delancey’s brigade, 15, 19, 20, 39, 51, 80, 
 120, 156, 188; grants to, 120, 360, '389: 
 second battalion shipwrecked, 137, 
 141. 
 
 Delesderniers, Frederick, 308. 
 Delesderniers, John Mark Cronk, 308, 
 410, 481. 
 
 Denys, 24, 30; camp at, 116. 
 
 DePeyster, Abraham, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 47; his company, 48; 313, 423. 
 
 Desbarres, Lieut. Gov., 165, 258; his 
 government at Cape Breton, 314. 
 D’Estaing, Count, 32, 37, 38. 
 
 DeVeber, Lt. Col. Gabriel, 155, 156, 167, 
 181, 183, 204, 393, 418. 
 
 Dibblee, Fyler, 181, 183, 483. 
 
 Dibblee, Rev. Ebenezer, 483. 
 
 Dibblee, Rev. Frederick, biographical 
 notice of, 483. 
 
 Dickinson, Tertullus, 180, 185, 323 (foot 
 note). 
 
 DeDiemar’s Hussars, 169. 
 
 Digby, 189. 
 
 Dight, J. B., 227, 229, 302, 381. 
 
 Dissenters, 392, 393, 508. 
 
 Donaldson, William, 266; opinion of 
 Edward Winslow, 267. 
 
 Donations for soldiers, 8, 15, 21, 65. 
 Dorchester, Lord, letters to Lt. Gov. 
 Carleton, 338, 351, 352; sails for Eng¬ 
 land, 417; 475, 527, 559. 
 
 Doughty, Capt. Bartholomew, 205. 
 Douglas, Six' Charles, 213, 230, 294. 
 Duels, John Coffin & Jas. Glenie, 317; 
 
 John Coffin & Capt. Foy, 505. 
 
 Drury, Col. Charles, 534, 540. 
 
 Duke of Cumberland’s Regiment, 221. 
 Dulaney, Capt. Grafton, 45. 
 
 Dunbar, Capt., 182, 184. 
 
 Dundas, Col. Thomas, commissioner on 
 Loyalist claims, 321, 337. 
 
 Dunn, John, 492, 692. 
 
 Dunn, President Thomas, 572. 
 
 Duncan, Admiral, 252. 
 
 Duncan, Commissioner Henry, 151, 335. 
 Du Pere, Peter, 385, 617. 
 
 Dutch Church., 31. 
 
 E. 
 
 Earle, Dr. Charles, 412, 413, 456. 
 
 Eason, David, 272, 276, 277, 278, 290, 292, 
 293. 
 
 Eccles, James, 412, 413, 439. 
 
 Eddy, Col. Jonathan, 147. 
 
 Edinburgh, town of in Nova Scotia, 270. 
 Edwards, Thomas, 233. 
 
 Elections, first at St. John, 322, 323; in 
 Kings Co., 419; contested in York, 
 487; at Miramichi, 398, 464, 474, 479. 
 Elizabeth Islands, 49, 51, 56. 
 
 Ellegood, Col. Jacob, 397, 398, 423, 429. 
 Ellegood, Samuel, 641. 
 
 Elms, Thomas, 181, 184. 
 
 Embargo, American, 622, 626, 654. 
 Emerick, Lt. Col. Andreas, 34. 
 Emerson, Dr. Thomas, 412, 413. 
 Enigma, 531. 
 
 “Esther,” Transport ship, 137, 141. 
 “Eve & Suke,” 348, 349. 
 
 Explanatory note, 12. 
 
 Exploration committee in Nova Scotia, 
 77, 115. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 719 
 
 F. 
 
 Falmouth, seizure of sloop, 542, 543, 544, 
 545, 554, 557, 564. 
 
 Fanning, Col. Edmund (Governor), 
 biographical notice of, 50; commands 
 corps of loyal refugees, 48, 50; 62, 63; 
 in England, 105, 114; arrival at Hali¬ 
 fax, 100, 133, 134, 135, 139; Lt. Gov’r of 
 Nova Scotia, 93, 134; 173, 187, 263, 370, 
 394, 459. 592. 
 
 Farrell, Capt. James of Deer Island, 
 483. 
 
 Felicity Hall, 268. 
 
 Ferguson, William, 688. 
 
 “Fifty-five,” petitioners for lands, 111; 
 agents of, 115. 
 
 Finlay, Hugh, deputy postmaster gen¬ 
 eral of B. N. A., 342, 348, 356. 
 
 Finucane Andrew, 91, 179, 219, 256. 
 
 Finucane, Chief Justice, at St. John, 
 163, 179; investigation at Parr Town, 
 180, 185, 186, 187, 192, 199, 204, 206, 217, 
 346; grant of Sugar Island, 282, 283. 
 
 Fisheries of Nova Scotia and of New 
 Brunswick, 190, 196, 201, 270, 298, 309, 
 490, 496, 498 to 502, 564, 613. 
 
 Fishing privileges at St. John, 464, 465, 
 515, 533, 537, 578, 606, 622. 
 
 Fitch, Samuel, 666. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Maj. Sir John Foster, 534, 
 
 535, 540, 678. 
 
 Forests of New Brunswick, 189, 190, 196, 
 
 201 . 
 
 Fort Carleton, 385. 
 
 Fort Franklin, 73. 
 
 Fort Frederick, 101. 
 
 Fort Howe, 43, 99, 109, 147 (see foot 
 note); troops stationed at, 143; 212, 
 250, 318, 319. 
 
 Forty-Second Regiment, 156. 
 
 Fox, Charles James, 92, 166, 168, 175, 
 198, 213. 
 
 Fox, Gen. Henry E., appointed to com¬ 
 mand in Nova Scotia, 91, 108, 122; 94, 
 138, 139; mentioned as Gov. of Nova 
 Scotia, 139, 143, 146; his friendship 
 with Winslow, 151, 157, 166, 223; men¬ 
 tioned in connection with Governor¬ 
 ship of New Brunswick, 157, 168, 170, 
 172, 174, 176, 178, 197, 202, 205, (208, 220, 
 559; his character, 160, 193, 248; his 
 arrival in England, 166; declines office 
 of Gov. of New Brunswick, 213, 220, 
 245; 529, 559; in England, 600, 655. 
 
 Foy, Capt. N., 180, 466, 477, 505, 506, 605; 
 marriage of, 526, 528. 
 
 Franklin, Gov. William, 73, 74, 175, 177, 
 
 536, 595. 
 
 Fraser, Hon. James, 360, 479, 487, 491, 
 568. 
 
 Fraser, Peter, 488, 687, 692. 
 
 Fraser, Rev. James, first Presbyterian 
 minister at St. John & Miramichi, 
 384, 412. 
 
 Fredericton (see St. Ann’s), 216, 291, 
 307, 331, 350, 398, 441; post office at, 
 452; “Telegraph,” 563; society at, 624, 
 641, 700; marriages at, 641, 668; growth 
 of, 6r(T; barracks at, burned, 695. 
 
 French, Capt. James, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 407; 412; election protested as 
 “undue,” 421. 
 
 Friar Laurence’s cell, 400. 
 
 Frink, Capt. Nathan, 236, 492. 
 
 Fruit in Nova Scotia, 106. 
 
 Fulton, Capt. James, 121. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gagetown, 275, 494, 495. 
 
 Gallatin, Albert, 564. 
 
 Gallop, William, 207. 
 
 Garden, James, killed at Lake Erie, 
 691. 
 
 Garden, Jane, 641. 
 
 Garden, William, biographical notice 
 of, 235; commissary at St. Anns, 306, 
 311, 315, 317, 320; death of, 677. 
 
 George III., rejoicings on his recovery, 
 369; reported death of, 603; fiftieth 
 anniversary celebrated, 656; renewed 
 illness of, 656. 
 
 Georgia Loyalists, 60. 
 
 Germaine, Lord George, 130, 131. (See 
 Lord Sackville.) 
 
 German troops leave Halifax, 122. 
 
 Gerrish, Moses, biographical notice of, 
 
 _ 588. _ __ 
 
 Geyer, Frederick William, 72, 136, 230, ' 
 
 1 257. 323. 
 
 Gibbons, Richard, 97. 
 
 Gilfililan, Quarter Master, 153. 
 
 Gillish, Alexander “scandles yoused,” 
 384, 463. 
 
 Gilmour, Rev. George, 358. 
 
 Glazier’s Manor, 204. 
 
 Glengarry Regiment, 677, 679, 702. 
 
 Glenie, James, 180, 420, 421, 681; bio¬ 
 graphical notice of, 317, 415; moves 
 resolution censuring Gov. Carleton, 
 530; 710. 
 
 Goldsbury, Capt., 48, 49, 270. 
 
 Goldsmith, Henry, 412, 422, 662. 
 
 Goodall & Turner, 538, 598, 650. 
 
 Goold, Col. Arthur, 150, 199, 257, 335. 
 
 Gordon, Hugh Mackay, 45, 218, 307, 321, 
 552; conveys lands in Co. of Sydney 
 to Winslow, 553, 569, 593, 597, 697; 640, 
 655, 663. 
 
 Gordon, Maj. J. W., 334, 437. 
 
 Gorham, Lieut. Col., 125. 
 
 Gout, remedies for, 538, 650, 651, 658, 
 659, 662, 663, 664, 667. 
 
720 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Graham, Bernard, 158. 
 
 Grain, 107, 190, 354, 484, 489, 490, 493, 
 496, 498. 
 
 Grammar School at St. John, 532. 
 
 Grand Falls (Great Falls), 149, 342, 348; 
 military post at, 385, 405, 480; 452, 473, 
 585. 
 
 Grand Manan, 482, 490, 588, 589. 
 
 Grants of land to disbanded officers & 
 soldiers, 102, 118, 120, 139, 156, 167, 284, 
 443; many soldiers abandon them, 433 
 (see foot note); delay in issuing-, 107, 
 125, 158, 188, 191, 249; Winslow’s letter 
 respecting, 279, 295; restrictions on, 
 298, 549, 621. 
 
 Grant, Capt. Alex., 15, 16, 43. 
 
 Grants, to Maugerville settlers, 297; to 
 Spry, 280; to Hauser, 281; to Finu- 
 cane, 283; to Munro, 360. 
 
 Granville, Winslow’s house in, 82, 98, 
 113, 229, 239, 301, 345; 170, 190, 223, 228, 
 255, 274; removal from, 300, 302. 
 
 Gray, Maj. Gen’l, at Rhode Island, 49, 
 56. 
 
 Gray, William, 542. 
 
 Green, Francis, biographical notice of, 
 58, 288. 
 
 Grim, Peter, 323, 334, 336. 
 
 Grimross Island, 328. 
 
 “Greyhound” packet, 133, 146, 162. 
 
 Guides & Pioneers. (See Royal Guides 
 & Pioneers.) 
 
 H. 
 
 Hailes, Daniel, 526, 591, 596. 
 
 Hailes, Harris William, 218, 253, 329, 
 416, 432, 453, 460, 526, 595, 695. 
 
 Hake, Samuel, storekeeper at Fort 
 Howe, 32l'. 
 
 Half-pay to provincial officers, 87, 103, 
 104, 135, 169, 474, 476. 
 
 Halifax, everything intolerably dear, 
 135; society at, 151, 288, 399; distressed 
 objects at, 233. 
 
 Halkett, Col., 657, 668. 
 
 Haliburton, Dr., 219, 224, 294, 453, 553. 
 
 Haliburton family, 252, 287. 
 
 Haldimand, Gen., letter of, 149; 220, 246. 
 
 Hallet, Capt. Samuel, 181, 184. 
 
 Hallowell, Benjamin, 38, 161, 165, 269, 
 364, 427; lands at Chedabucto, 165, 270. 
 
 Hallowell, Robert, 61, 161, 166, 364. 
 
 Hamilton, Lt. Col. John, 60. 
 
 Hammill, Daniel, 240, 273. 
 
 Hammond, Sir Andrew Snape, grant 
 on Kennebecasis, 117; his lands at 
 Restigouche, 689. 
 
 Hampton, Parish of, 493. 
 
 Hampstead, Long Island, N. Y., 15. 
 
 Hancock, Gov., 256, 260, 261, 262, 666. 
 
 Handyside, George, “the kneeling 
 man,” 325. 
 
 Hanger, Hon. George, 95, 114. 
 
 Hanington, William, 683. 
 
 Harboard, William, soldier of Queen’s 
 Rangers, 339. 
 
 Hardy Elias, 180, 186, 192, 203; biograph¬ 
 ical notice of, 206. 
 
 Harvard College, 24, 512, 525. 
 
 Hatch, Christopher, 491, 590; deputy 
 surveyor of King’s Woods, 633, 654, 
 683, 685. 
 
 Hauser, Frederick, 77, 78, 207, 211, 281; 
 his patent for lands, 296. 
 
 Hay’s Creek, 361. 
 
 Hazen, Edwin, 675. 
 
 Hazen, John, biographical notice of, 
 329. 
 
 Hazen, LeBaron, death of, 658. 
 
 Hazen, Robert, 412, 606, 678. 
 
 Hazen, William, 202, 207, 211, 675; tide 
 mill at St. John, 345; his fishery 
 troubles, 537, 539, 675. 
 
 Hazen, William, Jun., 407, 453, 521, 605, 
 627, 628, 670. 
 
 Hecht, Frederick William, 203, 223, 235, 
 306, 311, 318, 320. 
 
 Hedden, Isaac, 408, 432. 
 
 Hemp, cultivation of, 274, 346, 351, 379, 
 496, 630, 631. 
 
 Henley, Lt. James, 138. 
 
 Heriot, Hon. George, Postmaster Gen., 
 583, 586, 650, 652, 662, 664, 671, 680; 
 sketches Prince’s Lodge, 586; sketches 
 of River St. John, 609, 681; Latin ode, 
 652. 
 
 Hessian Fly, 372, 494. 
 
 Hewlett, Lt. Col. Richard, biographical 
 notice of, 51; 131, 132, 155; reports ar¬ 
 rival of Loyalists at St. John, 136, 
 141; letter of Sir Guy Carleton to, 132. 
 
 Higginbotham, 585. 
 
 Homer, Eleazer, 431, 438. 
 
 Holmes Hole, 54, 56. 
 
 Horsefield, Thomas, 181, 183, 207, 349. 
 
 Horses, 140, 190, 271, 484, 485, 516; “White 
 Stockings,” 100; “the Roan,” 246; 
 “Joe Russell,” 462; “Paddy,” 462; 
 “Count,” 660. 
 
 Horton, Nathaniel, 182, 184. 
 
 Hostile cruisers, 61, 76. 
 
 Howe, Admiral, 37. 
 
 Howe, Sir William, 8, 16, 28, 43, 44, 68. 
 75, 83, 84, 365, 503. 
 
 Hoyt, Capt., of armed schooner, 16, 17. 
 
 Hoyt (Hayt), Monson, 235, 264, 315, 336, 
 370. 
 
 Hubbard, William, biographical notice 
 of, 391, 481. 
 
 Hue & Cry, 327. 
 
 Humbert, Stephen, biographical notice 
 of, 519. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 721 
 
 Hundred and Fourth Regiment, 655, 
 668, 680, 682. 
 
 Hunter, armed schooner, 610. 
 
 Hunter, Gen. Martin, 521, 554, 555, 604, 
 605, 620, 644, 668, 672. 
 
 Hunter, Mrs., 642, 659, 668. 
 
 Hunt, Lt. Cosby, biographical notice 
 of, 362. 
 
 Huntington, Long Island, 20. 
 
 Hutchinson, Capt. William, 173. 
 
 Hutchinson, Foster, 123, 297, 335, 665, 
 
 666 . 
 
 Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, 61. 
 
 Hutchinson, Isaac, 348. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ice Freshet, 429. 
 
 Indian apprentice, 658, 660. 
 
 Indians, 332, 338, 339, 355, 411, 441, 463, 
 508, 510, 512, 514, 555. 
 
 Inglis, Charles, first bishop of Nova 
 Scotia, 352, 426, 453. 
 
 Innes, Lt. Coil. Alexander, 18, 33, 44, 65, 
 
 161, 365. 
 
 Inspector General, 44. 
 
 Ironical advertisement, 74. 
 
 Island of St. John, 149, 193. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jarvis, Edward, 687, 690. . 
 
 Jarvis, Ralph, 540. w 
 
 Jarvis. Stephe m—24L—452. _ 
 
 ^JeffriesTTlrr John, biogrhpmcal notice ) 
 of, 41; 133, 258, 433. 
 
 JenkinsT Capt John, 159, 648, 660, 668, 
 677; wounded at Ogdensburg, 679; 
 marriage of, 687; town major at Fre¬ 
 dericton, 691; residence at Kingsclear, 
 699, 701. 
 
 Jenkins, . Lt. John, 73; biographical 
 notice of, 159; 405, 412, 461. 
 
 Johnson, Col., 603, 635, 644, 690. 
 
 Johnson, Roger, commissary at Hali¬ 
 fax, 109, 375, 379. 
 
 Johnson, Sir John, 276. 
 
 Jouett, Xenophon, 412, 413. 
 
 Jones, John (or Mahogany Jones), 589. 
 
 Judges of New Brunswick, first, 214; 
 salaries of, 568, 579, 590, 620, 622. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kamouraska, 162. 
 
 Kemble manor, 14. 
 
 Kemble, Stephen, biographical notice 
 of, 14, 364. 
 
 Kennebecasis, settlement at, 117; de¬ 
 scription of, 493. 
 
 Kennedy, Capt. Patrick, 138, 211. 
 
 Kent, Benjamin, 17, 116, 666. 
 
 Kent, Duke of, 415, 421, 426, 438, 440, 
 446, 453, 461; his opinion of Edward 
 Winslow, 418; accident to, 433; com¬ 
 
 mander in chief in B. N. A., 436; ar¬ 
 rival at Halifax, 437, 438; plan to es¬ 
 tablish communication with Canada, 
 441, 445, 450, 505; signature of, 455. 
 
 King’s American Dragoons, 30, 47, 49, 
 86, 89, 94, 95; at River St. John, 96, 
 101, 102, 104, 118, 124, 125, 156; remove 
 to Prince William, 121, 123. 
 
 King’s American Regiment, 48, 156, 
 
 188; proposed second battalion, 63. 
 
 Kings Co., 420; report on by Leonard, 
 493. 
 
 King’s New Brunswick Regiment, 401, 
 402, 405, 414; state of, 407, 412, 439, 458; 
 clothing of, 440; reduction of, 522. 
 
 King’s Nova Scotia Regiment, 401, 402, 
 428. 
 
 King’s Orange Rangers, alarming state 
 of, 33; sent to Nova Scotia, 40, 73, 93, 
 125. 
 
 King’s Rangers, 125, 126. 
 
 Kingston, 493. 
 
 Kingsclear, Edward Winslow’s resi¬ 
 dence, 316, 357, 462, 560, 596. 
 
 Kinnear, Andrew, report on Westmor¬ 
 land Co., 298. 
 
 Kirkwood, Maj., 690, 694, 696. 
 
 Kitten and music composer, 285. 
 
 Knox, Thomas, 212, 235, 268, 284, 285, 607. 
 
 Knox, William, province agent, 450, 
 533, 550, 569, 577, 607, 621, 623. 
 
 L. 
 
 Labourers, wanted, 612, 650, 682. 
 
 Laffan, Lieut. Michael, 138. 
 
 Lakes, of Queens Co., 495; of York Co., 
 497. 
 
 Lambert, George, 398, 703. 
 
 Lambton, Lt. W., 259; exploration tour, 
 259, 268, 293, 306, 312. 
 
 Landry, Pierre, 683. 
 
 Laurence, Friar, cell, 586. 
 
 Learning, Rev. Jeremiah, 53. 
 
 Leavitt, Jonathan & Daniel, 357, 371, 
 434. 
 
 Lechmere, Richard, 105, 364, 551. 
 
 Lee, Capt. Joseph, biographical notice 
 of, 407, 591; death of, 677. 
 
 Lee, Charles, 601, 620, 627, 648, 677. 
 
 Lee, George, 625, 674. 
 
 Lee, Samuel, 355, 479, 481. 
 
 Legget, Capt. John, 254. 
 
 Leonard, George, 26; biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 47; navy agent and contractor 
 for refugees, 50; at Rhode Island, 47, 
 56, 57; removal 'to Nova Scotia, 80; at 
 River St. John, 165, 180, 217; answers 
 to charges made at Parr Town, 182, 
 217; at Sussex, 398, 403; congratulates 
 Winslow, 523, 610; remarks on Cus¬ 
 tom House at Passainoquoddy, 544, 
 
722 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 545; duties of, as superintendent of 
 trade & Fisheries, 542, 543, 553, 554, 
 636. 
 
 Leonard, Edward, 403, 636. 
 
 Leonard, Henry, 404, 610. 
 
 Leonard, Mrs., 403. 
 
 Leonard, Richard, 642. 
 
 Lepreaux, 473. 
 
 Le Tang, harbour of, 196, 335, 564. 
 
 Le Tete Island, 196, 335. 
 
 Leslie, Alexander, recommended as 
 master at Fredericton academy, 343. 
 
 Lexington, 8, 67, 364, 504, 558, 561, 698. 
 
 Lime kiln at Fort Howe, 393. 
 
 Lindsay, Ninian, 449, 492. 
 
 Livingston, Philip J., 115. 
 
 Lloyd’s Neck, 49, 51, 73, 78. 
 
 London, state of society at, 13, 14, 552, 
 555. 
 
 Long Island, battle of, 43; Loyalist 
 agents on, 78. 
 
 Longley, Hon. J. W., 148. 
 
 Looseley, Charles, 103, 181, 184, 328. 
 
 Loring, Benjamin, M. D., 50. 
 
 Loring, Joshua, 83, 363, 368. 
 
 Loring, Mrs. Joshua, 83. 
 
 Lower Cove candidates, 323, 324. 
 
 Loyal American Regiment, 188, 509. 
 
 Loyalist agents, investigation of con¬ 
 duct of, 217, 346. 
 
 Loyalists, Plymouth County, 27; com¬ 
 pensation for losses, 84, 134, 155, 165, 
 198, 321, 373; stoves for use of, 140; 
 address to Carleton, 251; children to 
 receive provisions, 223. 
 
 Loyalist Regiments, 15, 21, 32, 33, 34, 
 43, 46, 48, 51, 59, 60, 63, 71, 72, 73, 156; 
 sent to Pensacola & Carolina, 39; 
 period of enlistment of, 40, 41; wKy 
 organized, 42; arrangements for bi¬ 
 monthly musters, 32; discourage¬ 
 ments of, 62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 188, 191, 192, 
 208; Winslow explores lands for, 81, 
 94, 98,' 101, 109, 119, 120, 121, 176, 181, 
 504, 508, 559; placed on the establish¬ 
 ment, 105, 134; sent to River St, John 
 to he disbanded, 125, 127, 131, 132, 137, 
 141, 156, 349, 350; orders for disband¬ 
 ing, 125, 131, 132, 559; muster by 
 
 Thomas Knox, 241, 244, 245, 285; blocks 
 of land assigned to, 102, 117, 139, 156 
 (foot note), 167, 272, 284. 
 
 Loyalist settlers, 77, 85, 101, 102; their 
 number, 82 (foot note), 162, 205, 249, 
 338, 350, 509, 559; their character, 186, 
 188, 192, 193, 337, 468, 497, 509; arrival 
 in year 1784 of a party of at Fort 
 Howe, 212; muster of, 200, 241, 244. 
 
 Loyal New Englanders, 74. 
 
 Loyal Nova Scotia Volunteers, 43. 
 
 Ludlow, Col. Gabriel G., 20, 90, 91, 98, 
 
 101, 129; in England, 209; sails for 
 New Brunswick, 219; 322; biographi¬ 
 cal notice of, 539; President & Com¬ 
 mander in Chief, 539, 543, 556, 575; 
 death of, 601, 626, 627, 649. 
 
 Ludlow, George Duncan (Judge), 90, 91, 
 92, 171, 322; as Chief Justice, 175, 177, 
 178, 214, 219, 524, 543; 63, 209, 330; 
 Leonard’s strictures on, 546; illness 
 of,, 605, 606; death of, 631. 
 
 Ludlow, Mrs. Frances, 239, 291, 639. 
 
 Lumber supply, 189, 190, 196, 197, 201, 202, 
 207, 267, 271, 298, 489, 490, 500, 502. 
 
 Lutwyche, Col. E. G., biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 428, 429; 432, 525, 558, 595, 643. 
 663, 684; appointed agent for New 
 Brunswick in England, 607; sends 
 Eau Medicinale to Winslow, 651; his 
 last illness. 698. 
 
 Lyman, Capt. Daniel, 222, 396, 397, 408, 
 415, 420, 421, 426, 444; biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 324; Gov’r of Scilly Islands, 
 527, 530; Fort Major at Fredericton, 
 642. 
 
 Lyman, Mrs., 396; death of, 447. 
 
 M. 
 
 Machias marauders, 132, 260. 
 
 Mackerel, Winslow’s, 596, 675. 
 
 Madawaska, Acadians a't, 149, 339, 394, 
 511, 585, 670; 348, 436, 450, 451, 514, 617. 
 
 Magaguadavic, 259, 435, 472, 490. 
 
 Mallard House, election riot at, 323. 
 
 Man, Edward J., 688. 
 
 Mapawaugonish, encampment at, 121. 
 
 Marriages by magistrates, 487. 
 
 Marshfield, 6, 145, 151. 
 
 Marston, Benjamin, 6, 42, 51, 85, 98, 
 141, 164, 232; goes to N. B., 256, 258, 
 259, 289, 314, 330, 344, 366; quarrel with 
 Gov. Parr, 250; at Miramichi, 309, 314; 
 goes to England, 347; his troubles in 
 England, 367; invents improvement 
 to Hadley's quadrant, 368, 375; his 
 interest in New Brunswick, 370, 374. 
 376; last letter of, 708; death of, 410, 
 709. 
 
 “Martha,” loss of transport ship, 136, 
 137, 139, 205. 
 
 Martha’s Vineyard, 51, 56, 57. 
 
 Martin’s corps, 49, 51. 
 
 Martin’s Head, 449. 
 
 Maryland Loyalists, 39, 45, 46, 136, 139, 
 141, 156, 284; lands for, 303. 
 
 Masts for royal navy, 354, 360, 388, 389, 
 390, 660, 661. 
 
 Matthews, David, 238; his daughters, 
 288. 
 
 Maudnit, Israel, 547. 
 
 Mauger, Joshua, 297. 
 
 Maugerville, 105, 117, 177, 194, 217, 222; 
 
INDEX. 
 
 723 
 
 grant at, 297, 315, 318, 508. 
 
 Maule, Maj., 641, 668, 671. 
 
 Maxwell, Capt. Andrew, 183, 222, 317. 
 Meductic, fort & village, 360, 361, 411; 
 
 boundary stake planted at, 410. 
 Melville, David, 187. 
 
 Memorial, form of, for compensation 
 for losses, 321. 
 
 Memorials, Winslow to Sir H. Clinton, 
 65; Winslow & Chipman to Lord 
 North, 89; Winslow & Murray, 94; 
 Guides & Pioneers, 126; E. Winslow, 
 Sr., 144; Tertullus Dickinson, 185; 
 Stephen Jarvis, 241; Winslow to Lords 
 of the Treasury, 503; Garret Clopper, 
 618. 
 
 Menzies, Maj. Thomas, 166, 182, 184. 
 Mercure, Louis, of Madawaska, 149, 162. 
 Merritt, Cornet, 172, 203. 
 
 Merry, Anthony, 557, 565, 577. 
 
 Method of warfare in Revolution, 
 Micheaud, Daniel, 308. 
 
 Military succession, 634, 637, 638, 644, 
 672. 
 
 Militia, 338, 421, 533; embodied, 602, 605, 
 611, 612, 616, 619, 620; wish to be dis¬ 
 banded, 603, 608, 616, 618, 620; officers 
 of, 627. 
 
 Miller, Col. Stephen, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 548; 674. 
 
 Miller, Edward Winslow, biographical 
 notice of, 433; his lumber business, 
 568, 620; deputy surveyor of King’s 
 Woods, 638, 639, 661; Sundays at 
 
 “Bangs-Wood,” 658, 672; death of 
 
 children of, 679. 
 
 Miller, Mary (Winslow), 255, 336, 596, 
 648; her daughter “Bets,” 600, 641, 645. 
 Miller, Sally, 228, 265, 275, 288, 329. 
 Miller family, 288, 289. 
 
 Millidge, Maj. Thomas, 81, 355, 480. 
 
 Mill, Tide, 345, 372. 
 
 Miramichi, 216, 298, 308, 313, 359, 386, 411, 
 
 463, 500, 512, 569, 613, 635, 638; Marston 
 at, 309, 310, 377, 410; elections at, 398, 
 
 464, 474, 479; great fire at, 706. 
 Monckton, Gen., 139. 
 
 Moncrieffe, Maj. James, 29. 
 
 Mongan, Rev. Charles, 163, 168, 171, 173, 
 
 175. 
 
 Monk, Judge George H., 567, 632, 633. 
 Moodie, Capt., 641, 648, 668, 682. 
 
 Moody, John, 314, 386, 523. 
 
 Moody, T., 313. 
 
 Moody, Phoebe, 467. 
 
 Moore, James, Loyalist of Newton, 
 Long Island, 404. 
 
 Moore, Sir John, 529. 
 
 Moore, Thomas William, 23. 
 
 Moose Island, 450, 554, 557, 564. 
 
 Moose, on Grand Manan, 490, 589. 
 
 Moosewood shrubs, 574, 597. 
 
 Morris, Charles, 164, 217, 230, 296, 297. 
 
 Morris, Col. John, 92. 
 
 Morse, Col. Robert, 111, 118, 119, 191, 
 196, 230, 237, 294. 
 
 Morton, Elkanah, biographical notice 
 of, 403; 546, 574. 
 
 Mott, Jacob S., 662. 
 
 Mountain, Rev. Geo. J., 691. 
 
 “Mount Necessity,” 217, 250, 254 
 
 Munro, Capt. John, his lands at Me¬ 
 ductic, 360, 361. 
 
 Murder, first trial on St. John river, 
 339. 
 
 Murray, Col. John, 62; biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 209. 
 
 Murray, Miss, her marriage to Wm. 
 
 \ Wanton. 314. __ 
 
 Murray, Maj. Daniel, 29, 30, 50, 65, l 
 86, 94, 102, 103, 104, 150, 183, 187, 
 
 429; sails for New Brunswick, 257; 
 Maj. of Kings N. B. Regt., 402, 407; 
 ^^headquarters at Carleton, 99. —— 
 
 Murray, G v W., letter to, 665. 
 
 Musgrave, Gen. Thomas, 94, 129, 130, 
 139; mentioned as governor of N. S., 
 174, 177, 220; declines office of Gov’r of 
 N. B., 214, 220. 
 
 Musquash Cove, 101, 117. 
 
 Muster master general of Loyalist 
 forces, 8, 14, 32, 33, 44, 65, 66, 405, 503, 
 350, 504, 561. 
 
 Muster master’s deputies, Bridgham, 
 16; 32; Brice, 59, 70, 73; Chipman, 18, 
 34; Turner, Mouatt, Bell, Martin, 32, 
 33; McCulloh, 37; Major Skinner, 122; 
 rates of pay, 38. 
 
 Muster of Loyalist settlers, 200, 215, 
 235, 241, 285, 317; Knox’s table, 244; 
 247, 248; Winslow’s muster of Loyal¬ 
 ists in N. B., 306, 320. 
 
 Muster of Loyalist forces, 33, 44. 
 
 Me. 
 
 Macaulay, J. B., 701. 
 
 McCulloh, Robert, 37. 
 
 McDonald, Donald, 488, 491, 588. 
 
 McEvers, Charles, 238. 
 
 McGill, Capt. John, of Queen’s Rang¬ 
 ers, 386. 
 
 McGowan, Peter, 460. 
 
 McKay, Col. Hugh, 473, 620, 627; bio¬ 
 graphical notice of, 491. 
 
 McKenzie, Major, 84, 365. 
 
 McLean, Capt. Archibald, 487, 694. 
 
 McLean, David, 427. 
 
 McLeod, Duncan, 488. 
 
 McMaster, James, 589. 
 
 McNeil, Archibald, murder of, 304; In¬ 
 dian executed for, 339. 
 
[ 24 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 N. 
 
 “Nancymond” sloop, 54. 
 
 Nantucket, 49, 54. 
 
 Nantucket settlement, 312, 335. 
 
 Nase, Henry, biographical notice of, 
 121; 172, 179, 278, 329, 362, 459. 
 
 Nashwaak, River, 194, 215, 222, 396, 498. 
 
 National defence fund, 442, 476. 
 
 Needham, Mark, 521, 522, 670. 
 
 Nelson, David, hanged for shooting In¬ 
 dian woman, 339. 
 
 Ness, Lt. John, 412, 413 
 
 Nerepis Creek (Coffin’s Creek), 278, 330. 
 
 New Brunswick, a separate province, 
 100, 116, 157, 167, 170, 171, 172, 174, 176, 
 188, 206, 208, 211, 219, 220, 350, 366, 599; 
 first mention of name of, 214; pro¬ 
 gress of, 353, 399, 469, 477; notes on 
 history of, by Winslow, 508. 
 
 New Brunswick Fencibles, 180, 514, 557, 
 566, 581, 620, 655, 668, 679, 680, 691. 
 
 New Canaan, 463. 
 
 New England Company, 354, 411, 511, 
 546, 547; its operations transferred to 
 New Brunswick, 512; seceders from, 
 513. 
 
 New Englanders in Nova Scotia, 192. 
 
 Newfoundland Fencibles, 126. 
 
 “New Ireland,” suggested name of the 
 new province, 174, 176, 178, 218. 
 
 New Jersey Volunteers (Skinner’s 
 Brigade), 18, 19, 20, 39, 70, 117, 156. 
 
 Newspaper, first at Fredericton, 419, 
 563. 
 
 Newtown, township of, 118. 
 
 Newton, Long Island, camp at, 116. 
 
 Newton, Hon. Maj. Hanger’s groom, 
 95, 96, 114. 
 
 New Utrecht, 23, 27, 28, 29. 
 
 New York, evacuation of, 86, 111, 116, 
 120, 129, 152, 154; position of army at 
 (in Aug. ’83), 116. 
 
 New York Volunteers, 39, 60, 70, 156; 
 organization of, 43, 44, 618. 
 
 Niagara, 470, 471, 680. 
 
 Nicholson, Lt. Arthur, biographical 
 notice of, 352; 384, 485. 
 
 Nipisiguit, 501, 688. 
 
 Norraway, Anthony, 181, 183. 
 
 North Carolina Highlanders, 71. 
 
 Northampton, settlement at, 485. 
 
 Northumberland county, Taylor’s de¬ 
 scription of, 498; population of, 502. 
 
 Northumberland, Duke of, (See Lord 
 Percy), 8, 71, 84, 87, 364, 373, 552, 561, 
 563, 567, 654, 683, 686, 698; uses influ¬ 
 ence in Winslow’s behalf, 561, 571, 
 
 573, 583, 594. 
 
 Norwalk, Conn., destroyed, 51, 53. 
 
 Nova Scotia, baronets of, 129. 
 
 Nova Scotia Volunteers, 43. 
 
 Nova Scotia Fencibles, 594, 657, 663, 
 
 669. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oak Point, 321, 328, 362. 
 
 Obrien, Robert, 307, 697. 
 
 Odber, Mr. 335. 
 
 Odell, Jonathan, 103, 115, 220, 548, 623, 
 biographical notice of, 114; first pro¬ 
 vincial secretary, N. B., 214, 219, 223, 
 560; assistant secretary to Sir Guy 
 Carleton, 148; goes to England, 154; 
 observations of temperature, 414; his 
 poetry, 528. 
 
 Ogdensburg, battle of, 679. 
 
 Ogilvie, Lieut. Gen., 405, 428, 437. 
 
 Okean’s River (Cain’s River), 500. 
 
 “Old inhabitants,” 192, 243, 275, 338; 
 character of, 444, 508. 
 
 Oliver, Judge Peter, 363, 548. 
 
 Oliver, Peter, Jun., 25, 363, 549. 
 
 Oliver, Lt. Gov. Thomas, 146, 364. 
 
 Oliver, William S., 146, 405, 411. 
 
 Ovens, Capt., 216. 
 
 Owen, David, 457, 478, 482. 
 
 Ordnance depot, site of, 382, 383. 
 
 Oromocto, timber reserve at, 661. 
 
 P. 
 
 Paddock, Dr. Adino, 101, 105, 121, 401, 
 422, 465. 
 
 Paddock elms, 101. 
 
 Pagan, Robert, 207, 456, 592. 
 
 Pagan, William, 196, 200, 323 (foot note). 
 
 Paine, Dr. William, 188, 210, 323, 329, 
 
 381; biographical notice of, 196. 
 
 Palmer, Thomas, 658. 
 
 Panton, Rev. George, 29. 
 
 Paper currency in New Brunswick, 
 532, 537, 543. 
 
 Paquet, Rev. Joseph, 394, 395. 
 
 Parker, Robert, 329, 465, 526, 544, 592. 
 
 Parr, Gov., 85, 94, 98, 100, 110, 122, 132, 
 135, 162, 219, 220, 221, 559; opinion rela¬ 
 tive to settlements on St. John River, 
 110, 124, 216; Loyalists dissatisfied 
 with, 163, 169, 194, 205, 260; made Lt. 
 Gov., 331. 
 
 Parr, town of, 166, 180, 185, 186, 211, 216, 
 241; origin of name, 260. 
 
 Passamaquoddy, 156, 188, 207, 211, 216, 
 260, 264, 478; customs troubles at, 329, 
 502, 504, 505, 554, 557, 565; fishery dis¬ 
 putes at, 564. 
 
 Partridge Island, signal station at, 454. 
 
 Paterson, Major Gen’l, 108, 112, 122. 
 
 Pattinson, Lt. Col. Thomas, 16. 
 
 Paymaster of contingencies, 315, 317, 
 517, 535. 
 
 “Peggy,” ship, 82, 95, 173. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 725 
 
 Pell’s road, 152. 
 
 Pemberton, Jeremiah, commissioner on 
 Loyalist claims, 321. 
 
 Pennfield, Pennsylvania Quakers at, 
 345, 490. 
 
 Pennsylvania Loyalists, 39, 156, 581. 
 Penobscot Loyalists, 132, 188, 201, 457. 
 Pensacola, loyalist corps at, 45. 
 
 Pension to Winslow family, 144, 275, 
 624, 696. 
 
 Pepperell, Sir William, 146, 155, 208, 367, 
 429, 436, 552, 595, 644, 656. 
 
 Percy, Lord (See Duke of Northum¬ 
 berland), 8, 15, 65, 71, 84, 87, 99, 143, 
 364, 561, 654, 698. 
 
 Peters, Charles J., 464, 468, 533, 572, 609, 
 Peters, James, 181, 207, 217, 464, 494, 497, 
 533. 
 
 Peters, Rev. Samuel, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 358 
 Petitcodiac, 194, 298. 
 
 Phair, Andrew, 447, 461, 648. 
 
 Phair, William Barry, 447. 
 
 Philadelphia, Winslow at, 19. 
 
 Philips, Capt. Frederick, 90, 96, 99, 100; 
 
 goes to England, 140, 153. 
 
 Pnillimore place, 523, 595, 638. 
 
 Pidgeon, Rev. George, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 453; removes to St. John, 691. 
 Pine, Alpheus, 580, 597, 675. 
 
 Pine timber, 360, 389, 490, 634, 638, 639, 
 655, 661. 
 
 Plaster of paris trade, 490, 565, 607. 
 Plessis, Bishop at Madawaska, 670. 
 Plymouth County Loyalists, 27, 65, 363. 
 Plymouth, residence of Winslow family 
 at, 6, 7, 136, 144, 363, 424, 503. 
 
 Point LePro, 455, 458. 
 
 Polciok mills at, 30, 271, 272, 277, 290, 292, 
 316, 334. 
 
 Porter, William, 265. 
 
 Portland Point, 310. 
 
 Port Roseway, called Shelburne, 110, 
 142; 85, 109, 122, 140, 142, 150; road 
 thence to Annapolis, 152. 
 
 Post route to Quebec, 124, 162, 340, 342, 
 356, 450, 452. 
 
 Pote, Jeremiah, 207. 
 
 • Powell, Jacob, 592. 
 
 Prescott, Gen. Richard, orders for 
 
 Bedford expedition, 46, 48; 365. 
 Presidents and commanders in chief, 
 Ludlow, 539; Winslow, 604; Hunter, 
 
 620; Johnstone, 635, 644; Balfour, 84, 
 305, 672; Smyth, 676; Saumarez, 682, 
 688; Hailes, 460. 
 
 Presquile, military post at, 385, 405, 
 
 410, 480, 485, 585, 599. 
 
 Prevost, Maj. Augustin, 93, 131, 132, 
 
 139, 141, 216; reports loss of the 
 
 “Martha,” 137 
 
 Prevost, Sir George, 614, 635. 
 
 Price, Rev. 'Walter, 487, 497. 
 
 Prince, Dr., 90, 106, 117, 218, 229, 2880 
 Prince Edward (See Duke of Kent). 
 Prince’s Lodge, 400, 426, 438, 586; 
 
 Heriot’s sketch of, 632. 
 
 Prince of Wales American Regt., 17, 
 106, 156. 
 
 Prince William, 94; at Quebec, 346. 
 Prince William, township of, 94, 271; 
 
 parish of, 485. 
 
 Pringle, Lieut. Col., 126. 
 
 Privateers, 61, 76, 678. 
 
 Prize vessels, sold at St. John, 678. 
 Province agent, committee to corres¬ 
 pond with, *550, 622, 630. 
 
 Provincial officers, how appointed, 69; 
 half-pay and permanent rank for, 87, 
 88; their distressed situation, 88, 103, 
 191; their lands to be north of Bay 
 of Fundy, 148; servants of, 216, 243; 
 Winslow’s criticisms of certain offi¬ 
 cers, 475, 476. 
 
 Provincial Light Infantry, 40, 96. 
 Provincial forces (See Loyalist Regi¬ 
 ments). 
 
 Provincial or British American Regi 
 ments (See also Loyalists Regi¬ 
 ments). 
 
 British Legion, 71, 95. 
 
 De Diemar’s Hussars, 169. 
 
 DeLancey’s Brigade, 19, 20, 39, 51, 60, 
 80, 120, 133, 137, 141, 156, 188, 244, 360, 
 389. 
 
 Duke of Cumberland’s Regiment, 
 
 221 . 
 
 Emerick’s Dragoons, 34. 
 
 Georgia Loyalists, 60. 
 
 King’s American Dragoons, 30, 47, 49, 
 89, 94, 95, 96, 101, 102, 118, 121, 123, 
 124, 125, 133, 156, 244, 
 
 King’s American Regiment, 48, 63,104 
 133, 156, 188, 244. 
 
 King’s Orange Rangers, 33, 40, 73, 93, 
 lzo, 244. 
 
 King’s Rangers, 60, 125, 126. 
 
 Loyal American Legion, 133, 156, 244, 
 397. 
 
 Loyal American Regiment, 133, 188, 
 244. 509. 
 
 Loyal Foresters, 211. 
 
 Loyal New Englanders, 74, 244. 
 
 Loyal Nova Scotia Volunteers, 43. 
 Maryland Loyalists, 39, 45, 133, 136, 
 141, 156, 244, 284, 303. 
 
 New Jersey Volunteers, 18, 19, 20, 39, 
 60, 70, 117, 133, 156, 244. 
 
 New York Volunteers, 39, 43, 60, 70, 
 133, 156, 244, 618. 
 
 North Carolina Highlanders, 71. 
 
726 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Provincial Regiments—(Continued). 
 North Carolina Volunteers, 60, 133, 
 244. 
 
 Pennsylvania Loyalists, 39, 133, 156, 
 244, 581. 
 
 Prince of Wales American Regiment, 
 17, 106, 133, 156, 244, 317. 
 
 Provincial Light Infantry, 40, 96. 
 Queen’s Rangers, 32, 120, 133, 156, 244, 
 277, 339. 
 
 Royal American Regiment of New 
 York, 361. 
 
 Royal Pencible Americans, 43, 125, 
 147, 188, 244. 
 
 Royal Garrison Battalion, 133, 244. 
 Royal Guides and Pioneers, 126, 133, 
 137, 156, 244. 
 
 Royal North Carolina Regiment, 71. 
 South Carolina Royalists, 60, 70, 161, 
 241, 244, 307. 
 
 St. John’s Volunteers, 125. 
 
 Volunteers of Ireland, 44. 
 Wentworth’s Volunteers, 20, 47, 51, 56. 
 Young Royal Highland Emigrants 
 (84th Regiment), 42, 124. 
 
 Provisions to Loyalists, 108, 205, 208, 
 216, 218, 235, 241, 243, 248, 265, 284, 308, 
 315, 318. 
 
 Provision boards, 248, 249. 
 
 Provision store, 222, 235. 
 
 Prudence Island, 52, 60. 
 
 Putnam, James, 154; biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 214, 297, 333, 377. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quakers, at Beaver Harbour, 345. 
 Quebec, road to Boston, 653. 
 
 Queen Charlotte’s birthday, 13, 351, 370. 
 Queensbury, 156, 352. 
 
 Queens County, N. B., report on, 494; 
 lakes of, 495. 
 
 Queen’s Rangers, 32, 120, 156, 277, 339. 
 Quit rents, 162, 442, 443, 445, 448, 568. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rainsford, Bradshaw, 648, 660, 680, 699. 
 Rainsford, Capt. Andrew, 5, 334, 406, 
 461, 682. 
 
 Rainsford, Jane Caroline (Mrs. J. F. 
 
 W. Winslow), 10. 
 
 Rainsford, Capt. Charles, 406. 
 
 Rapalje, John, of Brooklyn, 348. 
 Rashleigh, Robert, 146. 
 
 Rawdon, Lord, 44. 
 
 Raymond, Silas, 53. 
 
 Reading, Catharine, 223, 229. 
 
 Rebels, violence and malice of, 90. 
 Records, carried from Boston, 8, 17, 
 364, 503, 665, 666. 
 
 Refugees (See Loyalists), loyal associ¬ 
 ated, 49; plunder taken by, 50, 52: 
 lands for, 105, 116. 
 
 Regan, Jeremiah, school master, 546. 
 
 Reid, Sheriff, 481. 
 
 Remarks of Jno. Sewall on English so¬ 
 ciety, 13, 14. 
 
 Renous River, named for an Indian 
 family, 463. 
 
 Reservation of lands for military pur¬ 
 poses, 109, 122, 249. 
 
 Restigouche settlement at, 355, 501, 688. 
 
 Rhode Island Refugees, 61, 70, 365. 
 
 Richibucto, 298, 499, 592. 
 
 Richmond, Duke of, letter to Carleton, 
 382; objects to Fredericton as a mili¬ 
 tary depot, 383. 
 
 Ritchie, Thomas, 702. 
 
 Roads, Shelburne to Annapolis, 152; to 
 Passamaquoddy, 194; to Fredericton, 
 329, 330, 363, 653; to Westmorland, 330: 
 military to Canada, 441, 451, 454. 
 
 Roberton, Lt. Col., 685. 
 
 Robichaud, Anselm, 395. 
 
 Robicheau, of Miramichi, 464. 
 
 Robinson, Col. Beverley, 81, 90, 197, 509; 
 biographical notice of, 92. 
 
 Robinson, Lt. Col. Beverley, 90, 92, 197. 
 .344, 401, 402, 412; clerk of peace for 
 York Co., 315. 
 
 Robinson, Lt. John, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 147, 200; 224, 239, 247, 307, 517. 
 
 Robinson, Frederick, 641, 694 
 
 Robinson, Morris, 230, 234, 237 
 
 Robinson, William Henry, 663. 
 
 “Rockingham,” 400. 
 
 Rogers, Lt. Col. Robert, 15, 125, 126. 
 
 Rope dancers, 367. 
 
 “Rose Hall,” 397. 
 
 Ross, Thomas, 588, 589. 
 
 Royal American Regt. of N. Y., 361. 
 
 Roy, Thomas, 688. 
 
 Royal Fencible Americans, 43, 125, 147, 
 188. 
 
 Royal Guides and Pioneers, 126, 137, 
 156. 
 
 Royal Highland Emigrants, 42. 
 
 Royal, Joseph, 552, 644. 
 
 Royal North Carolina Volunteers, 60, 
 71. 
 
 Rudyard, Capt. Charles William, 460, 
 507, 567. 
 
 Ruggles, Gen. Timothy, biographical 
 notice of, 42; 63, 64, 70; at Annapolis, 
 106; his description of the country, 
 107; his lands at Wilmot, 116, 148, 164. 
 
 Ruloffson, Ruloff, 117, 118, 627. 
 
 Rumford, Count. (See Sir Benjamin 
 Thompson), 88, 429, 432, 446. 
 
 Ryan, John, King’s printer, 419. 
 
 Ryerson, Martin, 83. 
 
 Ryerson, Peter, 82, 83, 93. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 727 
 
 S. Skinner, Stephen, 115. 
 
 Sackett’s Harbour, 681. Small, Maj. John, 42, 82, 138, 142, 167, 
 
 Sackville, Lord, 130, 153, 171, 125, 313. 360, 364, 408. 
 
 Saumarez, Sir Thomas, 437, 682, 683, Smallpox, 329, 409; inoculation for, 344, 
 685, 687, 688. 499,j450; at St. Andre ws. 44 9. 455, 456 
 
 Saunders, John, biographical notice of, C '^>mitji, Henry, 535, 629, 645. *> 
 
 377. 388. 538: Col. of embodied militia. Smith, Capt. John, 32, 44. 
 
 603, 617, 618. 
 
 Saunders, John Simcoe, 377, 540, 690. 
 
 Savannah, “Provincials” at, 59, 60. 
 
 Saw mills, 190, 201, 251, 266, 270, 278, 298, 
 379, 472, 489, 490. 
 
 Say, Gervas, 327. 
 
 Sayre, Rev. John, 78, 102, 103, 181, 182, 
 509. 
 
 School acts, the first, 532. 
 
 Scoodiac River (See St. Croix), 201, 260, 
 268, 654. 
 
 Scovil, Rev. Elias, 513. 
 
 Seabury, Rev. Dr. Samuel, 78, 170. 
 
 Seahury, the Misses, 356. 
 
 Secretary of the board appointed for 
 distribution of donations for troops, 
 8, 15, 21. 
 
 Selkirk, Lord, 550. 
 
 SeWell, Jonathan, opinion of the war, 
 13, 37, 61, 61; 161, 169; advises Winslow 
 and Chipman to economise, 76; bio¬ 
 graphical notice of, 14, 175; remarks 
 on Winslow’s literary style, 36, 60; 
 arrival at St. John, 344; death of, 4^2. 
 
 Sewell, Jonathan, Jun., 294, 477, 514, 708; 
 biographical notice of, 422. 
 
 Shaw, Isaiah and Moses, 472. 
 
 Shaw, William, provost marshal, 257, 
 307. 
 
 Sheaffe, Mrs., 71, 653. 
 
 Sheaffe, Roger Hale, 71, 653, 654, 683, 
 701; letter of, 706. 
 
 Shediac, 498, 683. 
 
 Sheet Harbour, settlement at, 299. 
 
 Sheffield, 512. 
 
 Sheffield, Lord, 537, 562, 577, 578, 588; re¬ 
 ceives freedom of St. John, 538, 543; 
 his portrait by Shee, 538, 551, 577; 
 uses influence in Winslow’s behalf, 
 563, 570, 573, 583, 594. 
 
 Shelburne, Lord, 142, 198, 220. 
 
 Shelburne, town of, 110, 142, 163, 164, 
 189, 190, 221, 255, 264, 574. 
 
 Sherbrooke, Sir John C., 682. 
 
 Ship-building, 267, 489, 490, 493. 
 
 Shore, Capt. George, 668, 691. 
 
 Siege of Savannah, 60. 
 
 Shippegan, 501. 
 
 Simcoe, Sir John G., 386, 387, 388. 
 
 Simonds, James, 179, 259, 391. 
 
 Simonson, Lt. John, 412, 413, 453. 
 
 Simsbury mines, 69. 
 
 Skinner, Brig. Gen. Cortland, 20; bri¬ 
 gade of, 18, 63. 
 
 Smuggling at St. Andrews, 622. (See 
 Passamaquoddy). 
 
 Smyth, Lt. Gov. (President), 676, 678, 
 
 688 . 
 
 Smyth, Maj., 437. 
 
 Smyth, Mrs., 676, 680, 691. 
 
 Snelling, Jonathan, 335. 
 
 Soldiers disbanded, 443, 509 
 
 Solicitor General of N. B., 214, 333, 535, 
 571, 587. 
 
 Souith Carolina Royalists, 60, 70, 161, 307. 
 
 Sower, Christopher, editor of Royal 
 Gazette, biographical notice of, 328; 
 encounter with Leonard, 418, 419 
 
 Spanish River (Sydney), 359. 
 
 Spooner, Ebenezer, 27. 
 
 Spooner, Ephraim, 356, 424. 
 
 Sproule, Fanny, 641, 648, 657, 668 
 
 Sproule, George, 221, 250, 259, 294, 314, 
 330, 336, 409, 461, 605, 623. 
 
 Sproule, Lt. Thomas, 514, 523, 532. 
 
 Spry, William, biographical notice of, 
 280; 507. 
 
 Stafford, Dr. Wm., 138. 
 
 St. Andrews, town of, 200, 201; repre¬ 
 sentation of inhabitants of, 206; 354, 
 435, 455, 457, 489; barracks at, 682, 683, 
 685. 
 
 Stanhope, Capt., 150. 
 
 St. Ann’s (or St. Ann’s Point), 194, 216, 
 264, 265, 266; barracks and provision 
 store, 222, 234, 235, 242, 316; Governor 
 Carleton’s visit to, 268; selected as 
 seat of government, 194, 292, 350, 441. 
 
 State chair, for New Brunswick, 672. 
 
 Staten Island, Loyalist camp at, at¬ 
 tacked, 18, 19, 20, 43. 
 
 St. Croix, Gov. Parr proposes settle¬ 
 ments on, 110, 124; sending troops to 
 repel Americans, 119, 123, 143; Gen. 
 Fox remarks on intruders at, 143; 201, 
 256, 354, 355, 425, 557; Winslow’s re¬ 
 marks on, 654, 709. 
 
 St. David, parish of, 489. 
 
 Stearns, Jonathan, 97. 
 
 Stelle, Capt. Edward, 147, 315, 324. 
 
 Stewart, Capt. William, 121. 
 
 Stewart, Lt. Charles, 254. 
 
 St. George, parish of, 490. 
 
 St. John river, exploration of, 94, 109, 
 121, 127, 220, 266, 559; falls at, 99; de¬ 
 lay in location of lands, 125; settle¬ 
 ment on, 167, 215, 350, 559; steam navi¬ 
 gation on, 593. 
 
728 
 
 index. 
 
 St. John, situation of Loyalists at, 102; 
 proposal to be called Guy, 131; set¬ 
 tlement at, 163; harbour of, 267; pro¬ 
 visions at, 333; house of assembly 
 meets at, 323, 350; progress of, 354; 
 Hazen and Simonds at, 515; patri¬ 
 otism of citizens of, 592, 593. 
 
 St. John’s Volunteers, 125. 
 
 St. Mary’s Bay, 190, 251, 264, 270. 
 
 St. Mary’s, parish of, 497. 
 
 St. Stephen, 450, 489. 
 
 Street, Samuel Denny, 147, 181, 183; 
 
 biographical notice of, 204; clerk of 
 assembly, 465; 606, 607, 628, 629, 703. 
 
 Studholme, Major Gilfred, 119, 147, 162, 
 204, 206, 260, 217, 346, 379. 
 
 Sugar Island, 282, 283 
 
 Sullivan, Hon. James, 429. 
 
 Sunbury, township of, 105, 118. 
 
 Surrogate general, office of, 253, 273, 
 561, 582, 587. 
 
 Sussex Vale, 403, 449, 493; formerly 
 called Pleasant Valley, 442. 
 
 Sutherland, Lt. William, 300. 
 
 Sydney, county of, lands at conveyed 
 by Maj. Gordon to E. Winslow, 553, 
 569, 593, 597, 697. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tammany (Edward Winslow), in 
 Royal Gazette, 468, 474. 
 
 Tarleton, Lt. Col. Banistre, 71. 
 
 Taylor, Alexander, at Miramichi, 463, 
 464, 474, 479; report on Northumber¬ 
 land Co., 498; account of his family, 
 464, 613. 
 
 Taylor, Capt. John, 190. 
 
 Taylor, Gilham, 306, 311. 
 
 Taylor, Miss Kitty, 232, 252, 253, 553. 
 
 Tecumseh, 681. 
 
 Telegraph stations, 438, 441, 449, 455, 457, 
 458. 
 
 Terry, Capt. Zebedee, 51. 
 
 Thesiger, Maj. George, 566; letter to, 
 580. 
 
 Thomas, Nathaniel Ray, 27; biographi¬ 
 cal notice of, 548. 
 
 Thompson, Alexander, 108, 199. 
 
 Thompson, Lt. Col. Benjamin. (See 
 Count Rumford), letters of, 86, 88, 
 89, 103, 130; plans of, 104, 130, 153, 169, 
 170, 195; protege of Lord Sackville, 
 130. 
 
 Thorne, Mr., 251. 
 
 Titcombe, Samuel G., American sur¬ 
 veyor, 411. 
 
 Towpsend, Capt. Levin, 704. 
 
 Townsend, Gregory, 83, 110, 154, 176, 
 215, 302, 358, 400. 
 
 Townships on River St. John, 105. 
 
 Tracadie, 500, 688. 
 
 Troop, Jacob, 303. 
 
 Tryon, Major Gen. William, 29, 51. 
 
 Turner, John, 598. 
 
 Turner, Lt. William, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 599. 
 
 Tyng, Col. William, biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 122, 591; 181, 183, 199, 207, 217, 
 275, 324; his house at St. John, 302, 
 310. 
 
 U. 
 
 Uniacke, Richard John, 97, 240, 549, 569. 
 
 United States, political parties in, 669. 
 
 Upham, Maj. Joshua (Judge Upham), 
 29, 49, 73, 102, 181, 183, 604; biographi¬ 
 cal notice of, 49; proposes formation 
 of a brigade under Gen. Ruggles, 63, 
 65, 69, 70; letters of, 63, 73, 124, 131; 
 suggests name of “Guy” for town at 
 mouth of St. John River, 131; in 
 Wales, 209; named as judge, 175, 177, 
 214; marriage of, 487 (foot note); ill¬ 
 ness of, 257, 265, 288, 526, 606, 610, 629; 
 applies in England for increase of 
 salaries of judges, 568, 579, 580, 590, 
 622, 623, 633. 
 
 Upper and Lower Cove, 323. 
 
 Upper military posts on St. John, 385, 
 405. 
 
 V. 
 
 Valley of Hadad, 18, 22, 28. 
 
 Vanderburgh, Capt. Richard, 317, 391. 
 
 Vanhorne, Gabriel, 330. 
 
 Vassall, John, 364. 
 
 Vaughan, Gen., 70, 177, 213, 365. 
 
 Vincent, Gen., 680, 681 
 
 Volunteers of Ireland, 44. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wakefield (Presquisle), old parish of, 
 population, 485 
 
 Wales, Col. Murray in, 62, 209. 
 
 Wanton, William, collector in St. John, 
 310, 423; his marriage, 314, 324; 467, 
 502, 542, 544, 636. 
 
 Ward, Major John, biographical notice 
 of, 593. 
 
 War in America, nature of, 67. 
 
 War of “1812,” 669, 671, 676, 678, 680, 681, 
 691. 
 
 Washington, General, “a good looking 
 genteel fellow,” 153. 
 
 Watson, Sir Brook, biographical notice 
 of, 82, 84; 90, 366, 445, 508, 559, 575; his 
 kindness to the Winslow family, 141, 
 142, 146, 169, 218, 246, 551, 598; elected 
 a member of parliament, 84 , 194, 312; 
 letters of, 274, 311; Winslow sends in¬ 
 formation respecting Loyalists in N. 
 B. and N. S., 254, 257, 267, 274, 312; re¬ 
 turns from the army in Flanders, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 729 
 
 408; agent for N. B. in England, 477; 
 death of, 598. 
 
 Way, Lewis, secretary of N. E. C., 555. 
 
 Weeks, Rev. J. W., 153, 154. 
 
 Weltden, Capt., 583, 619, 640, 643, 646, 
 674, 691. 
 
 Weltden, Catharine, letter to Judge 
 Winslow, 573, 575; 583, 591, 619, 646, 666. 
 699; moose wood shrubs for, 574, 597, 
 
 Wentworth, Benning, 30, 35, 442. 
 
 Wentworth, Charles Mary, 400, 428, 615; 
 his lands at Antigonish, 695. 
 
 Wentworth, Lady, biographical notice 
 of, 263; 252, 260, 426, 428, 435, 445, 566 
 586, 632, 646, 656, 664. 
 
 Wentworth, Sir John, 17, 21, 28; bio¬ 
 graphical notice of, 67; proposed as 
 commander of brigade, 69; arrives at 
 Halifax, 133, 134; favors division of 
 N. S., 213; surveyor of Kings Woods, 
 67, 134, 235, 258, 303; his claim for 
 compensation, 326; duties of as sur¬ 
 veyor of the woods, 388, 389; his in¬ 
 terest in the McNeil tragedy, 304; 
 visits Miramichi, 304; appointed Lt. 
 Gov. of N. S., 394; Winslow’s opinion 
 of, 399, 461, 467, 487; his interest in 
 Winslow family, 444, 566, 686; friend¬ 
 ship for Wentworth Winslow, 139, 
 580, 586, 686, 697, 698; retires from 
 
 governorship, 615, 623, 632, 686; in 
 
 England, 646, 656, 663; at Halifax, 
 682, 684; suggested as Gov. in West 
 Indies, 461, 466. 
 
 Wentworth’s Volunteers, 29, 47, 51, 56. 
 
 West India trade, 189, 191, 197, 202, 207, 
 312, 520, 532. 
 
 Westmorland County, 298, 478. 
 
 Wetmore, Col., 602, 611, 620, 627. 
 
 Wetmore, Thomas, 479, 508. 
 
 White, Gideon, 27, 151, 257, 309, 357, 362, 
 574; biographical notice of, 221. 
 
 White, James, Sen., 465. 
 
 White, James, Jun., 513. 
 
 White pine trees. (See pine timber, 
 also masts for Royal Navy), 389. 
 
 Wightman, Lt. Col. George, 51, 74, 373. 
 
 Wilkins, Isaac, arrival at Halifax, 213; 
 goes to Shelburne, 238. 
 
 Williams, Bealing S., 460. 
 
 Williamson, Col. George, 161, 556, 599, 
 655. 
 
 Williams, Thomas, 147, 200, 234, 305. 
 
 Williams, Sir Wm. Fenwick, 147. 
 
 Willard, Col. Abijah, 111, 165, 371. 
 
 WITrnot, Lt. Malcolm, 412, 413. 
 
 Wilmot, Loyalists at, 116. 
 
 Wilson, Capt. Jacob, 82, 95. 
 
 Winslow, Catherine, death of, 537. 
 
 Winslow, Christiana, 690, 692, 693. 
 
 Winslow coat of arms, 151. 
 
 Winslow, Edward, Jun., 301, 461; re¬ 
 ceives a cadetship, 573, 576, 591, 594; 
 goes to England, 595; purser to an 
 India-man, 600, 619, 621, 637, 640; 644, 
 645, 647, 659, 667, 672, 674, 677, 679; sails 
 for Bombay and China, 699; letter 
 written at sea, 689; retires from East 
 India service, 704; death by drown¬ 
 ing, 704, 705. . . . _ _ 
 
 Winslow, Isaac, 6, 27, 38, 370 
 
 Winslow, Edward, Sen., biographical 
 notice of, 6, 7; grave stone, 7, 240, 256; 
 death of his widow, 8, 417; experience 
 at Plymouth, 25, 26; affecting meet¬ 
 ing with his son on Prudence Island, 
 52, 62; his situation in Massachu¬ 
 setts, 66, 144; residence at the Bow¬ 
 ery, 79, 90, 93, 106, 142, 145; advised by 
 his son to go to England, 97, 103, 127, 
 
 128, 142; letter of Gen. Ruggles to, 
 106; grant of lands at Wilmot, 159, 
 164, 340, 342, 702; goes to Halifax, 111, 
 
 129, 134, 135, 141, 145; account of his 
 reception in Halifax, 135, 138; com¬ 
 pensation for losses, 144, 145, 246, 275, 
 624; his situation at Halifax, 142, 150, 
 161; to settle on St. John river, 179, 
 203, 210, 287; death of, 7, 210, 218; his 
 family remove to St. John, 302, 310; 
 Gen. Ruggles’ opinion of, 340; family 
 arrive at Fredericton, 348; their 
 house burned, 623, 629. 
 
 Winslow, Colonel Edward, biographi¬ 
 cal notice of, 8; muster master gen¬ 
 eral of Loyalist troops, 14, 32, 33, 44, 
 65, 66, 89, 128, 561; lives at “Valley of 
 Hadad,” 18, 22, 28; sails for Philadel¬ 
 phia, 19; escapes assassination, 23; 
 house at New Utrecht, 24, 28; escapes 
 capture at Flatbush, 29; illness of, 
 38, 39, 45, 482; his style of writing, 36. 
 188, 225, 334, 453, 629, 643, 652, 666; re¬ 
 ported death of, 52; arrival at Rhode 
 Island, 55; sheds tears on leaving 
 Boston, 72; collector of customs at 
 Boston, 65, 503, 561; memorials of, 65, 
 89, 94, 503; settles at Granville oppo¬ 
 site Annapolis, 79, 81, 82, 83, 303; ad¬ 
 vised to repair to England, 83, 84, 87, 
 104, 139, 143, 558; his first impressions 
 of Gov. Parr, 85; obtains half-pay, 
 104; military secretary, 91, 110, 112, 
 238, 246; to Carleton, 344, 366, 462, 503, 
 504, 559; interview with Indian chiefs, 
 96; illness and death of his little boy 
 “Chip,” 112, 113, 238; pattern of in¬ 
 dustry and temperance, 120; head¬ 
 quarters at Halifax, 122, 127; pleas¬ 
 ant relations with Gen. Fox, 128, 151; 
 attacked with gout, 143, 227, 232, 250, 
 311, 399, 479, 505, 521, 529, 551, 577, 598, 
 
730 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 638, 641, 643, 645; sent to locate lands 
 for Loyalist regiments, 81, 504, 508, 
 559; appointed to council of N. B., 
 214, 322; paymaster of contingencies, 
 128, 313, 316, 332, 530, 535; thought of as 
 provincial secretary of New Bruns¬ 
 wick, 177, 214, 219, 363, 559; advocates 
 formation of new province, 171, 188, 
 .366; describes fashions of the day, 
 225; assistance in organizing govern¬ 
 ment of New Brunswick, 237, 247, 249, 
 267, 322, 387, 444; commission as sur¬ 
 rogate, 253, 273, 582, 587; a justice of 
 the peace, 254; strictures on Hancock 
 and Adams, 260; negro servants of, 
 293; removes his family to St. John, 
 219, 302, 305, 307, 310; his financial em¬ 
 barrassments, 128, 194, 313, 372, 375, 530, 
 564, 570, 579, 587, 640, 698, 710; decides 
 to settle at St. Ann’s, 307, 311, 316; 
 secretary to board of accounts, 310; 
 his mills at Pokiok, 316, 334; adver¬ 
 tisements, “de bene esse,” 325; his 
 residence at Kingsclear, 316, 334, 336, 
 429, 439, 442, 462, 560, 596, 640, 672; ap¬ 
 pointed to New Eng. Co., 381; family 
 visited with smallpox, 409; asks 
 Chipman to send watch, 414; opinion 
 of American politics, 431, 451 secretary 
 of boundary commission, 435, 561, 709; 
 his children’s tutor, 439, 579; his re¬ 
 marks on Carleton, 414, 461, 462, 509, 
 587, 588; provides information for 
 Carleton, 480, 505, 507; his offices at 
 Plymouth, 503; notes on N. B. his¬ 
 tory, 508; goes to England, 518, 529, 
 535; affection for N. B., 530; death of 
 daughter Catharine, 537, 539; returns 
 to N. B., 551; applies for vacant 
 
 judgeship, 567, 570; 
 
 (“Judge. 1—Appointed judge, 573, 579, 
 
 579, 583, 587. 
 
 [President."!—President of Gov. of N. 
 B., 9, 602, 604, 614, 618, 619, 626, 644. 
 
 [Judge.]—Surveyor of King’s woods, 
 638, 639, 682; his efforts on behalf of 
 others, 24, 151, 158, 160, 231, 233, 238, 267, 
 299, 304, 308, 463, 642, 696; illness of, 645, 
 646, 647, 677, 679; at St. Andrews, 654, 
 657,; effects of “eau medicinale” 659, 
 662, 667, 674; wishes carriage sent from 
 England, 670, 673; last letter of, 692; 
 account of his death, 693, 695; funeral 
 of, 694; family unprovided for, 696. 
 
 Winslow, Eliza Chipman, 414, 682, 689, 
 703. 
 
 Winslow genealogy, 5. 
 
 Winslow, Governor Edward of Ply¬ 
 mouth, 6. 
 
 Winslow, Penelope and Sarah, grant 
 of lands to, at Brandy Pt., 268. 
 
 Winslow, Hannah, 379, 448, 537, 621, 657, 
 689, 695, 702. 
 
 Winslow’s house at Granville, 82, 83, 
 98, 113, 161, 179, 229, 238, 239; humor¬ 
 ous advertisement, 300. 
 
 Winslow house at Plymouth, 7, 25. 
 
 Winslow, Gen. John, 6. 
 
 Winslow, J. F. W., biographical notice 
 of, 9; 5, 428, 479, 641; namesake of Sir 
 John and Lady Wentworth, 400, 430, 
 435, 586; gazeted ensign in N. S. Fen- 
 cibles, 557, 566, 583, 594; promoted Lt., 
 646, 648, 655; at Kingsclear, 657; re¬ 
 joins his regiment, 659; transferred 
 to 41st regiment, 659, 663, 664, 669; at 
 Quebec and Montreal, 671; partici¬ 
 pates in the war, 10, 676, 697; be¬ 
 friended by Sir R. Sheaffe, 683, 686; 
 at Fredericton, 687, 695; removed 
 
 from 41st Regt. and reinstated, 697, 
 698; goes to Upper Canada, 700; 
 placed on half-pay, 701; high sheriff 
 of Carleton, 10; monument erected to 
 his memory, 11. 
 
 Winslow, Kenelm, 5. 
 
 Winslow lands at Wilmot, 164, 343, 702. 
 
 Winslow, Mrs. Edward, letters to, 224, 
 225, 229, 273, 295, 300; illness of, 601, 
 621. 
 
 Winslow, Mrs. Pelham, 6, 151, 548. 
 
 Winslow, Pelham, 26; biographical no¬ 
 tice of, 27. 
 
 Winslow, Penelope, at Newport, 26, 28, 
 39; 72, 97, 127, 134, 224, 252, 275, 278, 409, 
 434, 552; letters to Chipman, 252, 286, 
 291; house burned, 623; death of, 624, 
 645. 
 
 Winslow, Penelope, Jun, 173, 223, 255, 
 351, 572, 621; letters of, 640, 647, 657, 
 667, 676, 679, 687, 690, 695; 702, 703, 705; 
 marriage of, 687, 689, 703. 
 
 Winslow, Murray, 23; at Halifax, 224, 
 227, 229, 230, 231, 232; goes to England 
 to school, 215, 237, 238, 255, 257, 313; at 
 Halifax, 417; in the navy, 400, 436,. 
 445, 466, 584, 648; visits Fredericton, 
 671; goes to Canada, 679; death of, 
 688 . 
 
 Winslow, Rev. Edward, 53. 
 
 Winslow, Sarah, her letters to Benja¬ 
 min Marston, 78, 141, 150; description 
 of her brother, 150; embarks for Eng¬ 
 land, 246; experience in England, 269, 
 286, 289; arrives from England, 289, 
 294; 350, 409, 552, 695. 
 
 Winslow, Lieut. Thomas, A. C., 255, 320, 
 324, 345, 428, 430, 434; goes to school at 
 Sussex, 403; 453, 461, 466, 538, 584, 594; 
 writes from Sicily, 624; goes to West 
 Indies, 635; death of, 657. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 731 
 
 Wolfboro, N. H., Sir John Wentworth’s 
 estate at, 326. 
 
 Woodforde, Dr. William, 676, 680, 682, 
 688 . 
 
 Woodstock, settlement at, 19, 483, 484, 
 512, 693. 
 
 Wright, Elias, 182, 184. 
 
 Wright, Major James, 60. 
 
 Wyei% Col. Thomas, 456, 603. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yeamans, John, 464. 
 
 Yeo, Sir James, 680. 
 
 York, Co. of, court of Common Pleas, 
 330, 331, 560, 600; lawyers needed in, 
 707. 
 
 TU R R .A. T.A.. 
 
 Page 7, line 14, dele word “ of.” 
 
 “ 30, line 9, for “ son of Gov. Wentworth” read “ brother of Lady Wentworth.” 
 
 “ 37, line 24, for “ Jno. Sewall” read “Jon. Sewall.” 
 
 “ 39, line 28, for “ attaching” read “ detaching.” 
 
 “ 74, line 21, for “ determination” read termination.” 
 
 “ 89, line 8 from foot, for “ could” read “ would.” 
 
 “ 113, last line, for “ do” read “ or.” 
 
 “ 156, dele 16th line from foot. 
 
 “ 230, line 27, for “ Moore” read “ Morse.” 
 
 “ 259, line 4 from foot, for “has been occupied,” read “was afterwards occupied.” 
 “ 261, corner date should be 1780; also in line 13 add ] after word “ follow.” 
 
 “ 264, lines 1 and 22, for “ Hoyt ” read “ Hayt.” 
 
 “ 268, line 13 from foot, date should be “ 1786.” 
 
 “ 311, line 11, for “ wherever ” read “ whenever.” 
 
 “ 327, line 31, for “ Hoyt ” read “ Hayt.” 
 
 “ 337, line 11 from foot, for “ the province,” read “this province.” 
 
 “ 346, line 3 from foot, for “impartially” read “impartiality.” 
 
 “ 350, corner date should be “ 1788.” 
 
 “ 350, line 19, for “ extended,” read “ extends.” 
 
 “ 350, line 35, for “ entered” read “ enters.” 
 
 “ 351, corner date should be “ 1788.” 
 
 “ 359, add to first foot note: “Ardoise Hill is near Ellershouse in Hants Co., N. S. 
 The Kev. Geo. Gillmore, A. M., died at Horton, N. S., in 1811, at the age 
 of 87 years.” 
 
 “ 362, line 10, for “filling” read “filing.” 
 
 “ 367, line 11 from foot, for “pierced” read “pierces.” 
 
 “ 367, last line, for “ 12 ” read “ 2.” 
 
 “ 381, line 5 from foot, for “ appears ” read “ appearing.” 
 
 “ 389, line 22, after “ White” read “ Pine.” 
 
 “ 412, line 8, insert after “was ” the words “ a few years ago. The fishing is said 
 to be worse this year than it ever was.” 
 
 “ 414, line 13, for “ free” read “ freeze.” 
 
 “ 416, last two lines are transposed. 
 
 “ 423, foot notes, line 4, for “ letter opposite” read “ correspondence in 1806.” 
 
 “ 427, line 1, for “ Price’s” read “Prince’s.” 
 
 “ 432, line 13, for “ conmapions ” read “ companions.” 
 
 “ 434, line 24, for “ This laborious ” read “ The laborious.” 
 
132 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 436, line 26, for “instruct” read “intrust.” 
 
 “ 463, lines 27 and 31, for “ Gilliee ” read “ Gillice.” 
 
 “ 472, foot note, line 1, insert “ which ” after “ that.” 
 
 “ 485, line 12 from foot, for “ Dickson” read “ Dickenson.” 
 
 “ 487, line 2, for “ is ” read “ in.” 
 
 “ 492, line 28, for “ the real incendiaries” read “ are real incendiaries.” 
 “ 510, line 3 from foot, for “ Studholm” read “ Studholme.” 
 
 “ 511, line 11, for “ have” read “ had.” 
 
 “ 513, reference in second foot note should be to James White, Jr. 
 
 “ 527, line 5 from foot, insert “ get” after “ to.” 
 
 “ 539, line 4, for “ assume ” read “ assure.” 
 
 “ 556, line 15, for “Anti-scelertus ” read Anti-sceleratus.” 
 
 “ 556, line 17, for “ here ” read “ there.” 
 
 “ 560, line 12, for “ veritable” read “ venerable.” 
 
 “ 575, line 10 from foot, for “ Brock” read “ Brook.” 
 
 “ 580, line 21, for “two-mast ships ” read “two Mast ships.” 
 
 “ 582, line 17, for “ could” read “ need.” 
 
 “ 585, last two lines are transposed. 
 
 “ 600, corner date should be “ 1808.” 
 
 “ 602, line 10 from foot, instead of “ for” read “ from.” 
 
 “ 634, line 23, for “ whatever ” read “ wherever.” 
 
 “ 635, line 8 from foot, insert “ in ” after “ that.” 
 
 “ 636, line 35, for “ Walton” read “ Wanton.” 
 
 “ 640, line 5 from foot, for “ at Chedabucto ” read “ in Sydney County.” 
 “ 642, line 10, for “ Edward Leonard ” read “ George Leonard.” 
 
 “ 682, line 16 from foot, for “ not ” read “ now.” 
 
 “ 682, line 8 from foot, for “produced” read “procured.” 
 
 “ 685, line 28, for “ possessions ” read “ prepossessions.” 
 

 
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