LITERARY CHART OF THE ILIAD HOLY CROSS COLLEGE PRESS, Inc. ''Pa 4 oil ,is cu> |CjZ2 f- ft-f -0--£rO. COPYRIGHT, 1922 BY F. M. CONNELL boston college library CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. EXPLANATION OF THE ILIAD CHART. The enclosed chart is an attempt to portray graphically the more interesting portions of the Iliad as a connected whole. A brief explanation of the meaning of the various lines is submitted. The cross lines at the top of the diagram are to be interpreted as follows: (1) The Line of the Books. (2) The Line of the Days (i. e., the days that pass during the action of the Iliad). (3) The Line of the Will of Zeus (i. e., the line which cites the various times in which Zeus sways the fray). (4) The Line of Achilles. (5) The Line of Hector. (6) The Line of Patroclus. (7) The Line of the Councils. (8) The Line of the Episodes. The jagged lines of the body of the diagram represent graphically the four main battles of the Iliad, and give an idea of the alternate success or defeat of the com¬ batants. The upper portion of the diagram represents the position of the Grecian forces, while the lower portion represents the Trojan ramparts. The key to the entire chart follows: KEY TO THE HOMER CHART. WILL OF ZEUS 1. Zeus promises to defeat the Greeks. I 493-530. 2. Zeus sets in motion the first battle by a dream to Agamemnon. II 1-15. 3. Zeus renews the fight after the duel. IV 1-72. 4. Zeus starts the second battle. VIII 1-40. 5. Zeus starts the third battle. XI 1-14. 6. Zeus declares the coming of Patroclus into the battle and foretells his death. XV 59-71. 7. Zeus controls the fourth battle. XX 19-30. 8. Zeus provides for the ransom of Hector’s body. XXIV 101-119. ACHILLES’ STORY 1. The Wrath. I 170-244. 2. The embassy. IX 182-657. 3. The second message to Nestor. XI 611-805. 4. Gives arms to Patroclus. XVI 1-100. 5. Grieves over Patroclus. XVIII 1-126, especially 1-37. 6. Apparition at the trench. XVIII 203-238. 7. Reconciled to Agamemnon. XIX 40-73. 8. Re-enters the battle. XX passim, especially 75-102, 156-352, 381 to end. 9. Duel with Hector. XXII 250-363. 10. Holds the funeral games. XXIII 257ff. 11. Dishonors Hector’s body. XXIV 1-21. 12. Receives Priam in his tent. XXIV 468ff. HECTOR’S STORY 1. Hector referees the duel between Paris and Menelaus. Ill 314-382. 2. Hector in Troy. VI 237-to end, especially 374-502. 3. Duel with Ajax. VII 37-102, especially 374-502. 4. Wounded by Ajax. XIV 402-439. 5. Healed by Apollo. XV 220-280. 6. Fires a Greek ship. XVI 112-129. 7. Warned by Priam on the tower. XXII 21-92. 8. Slain by Achilles. XXII 188-366, especially 247-366. 9. Lamented in Troy. XXII 405-end. 10. Dishonored by Achilles. XXIV 1-21. 11. Ransomed by Priam. XXIV 468ff. PATROCLUS’ STORY 1. Patroclus visits Nestor. II 611-805. 2. Receives the arms of Achilles. XVI 100-160. 3. Battle and Death. XVI 777-857. 4. Mourned by the women. XIX 282-307. 5. Ghost appears to Achilles. XXIII 57-110. 6. Burial| XXIII 111-256, especially 236-256. 7. Games. XXIII 257-end. COUNCILS OF THE ARMIES 1. Of the Greeks—culminating in the wrath of Achilles. I 8ff. 2. Three consecutive councils of the Greeks—before the battle. II 50-399. 3. Of the Greeks and of the Trojans—preparatory to the burial of the dead. VII 303-378. 4. Of the Trojans—to arrange for camping on the battlefield. VII 412-420. 5. Of the Greeks—to deliberate on the defeat in the second battle and to send embassy to Achilles. IX 78. 6. Of the Greeks—to send spies to the Trojan camp. X. 194-253. 7. Of Agamemnon and the other chiefs—about the continued defeat. XIV 27-134. 8. Of Trojans—to deliberate about return of Achilles. XVIII 243-313. 9. Of the Greeks—in which Achilles is reconciled with Agamemnon. XIX 40-237. EPISODES 1. Catalogue of the ships. II 485ff. 2. Teikoskopia. Ill 121-244. 4. Paris and Helen. Ill 383-448. 4. Hector in Troy. VI 237-to end, especially 374-502. 5. Burial of Dead and Building of Wall. VII 421-441. 6. Hera and Athena take chariot for battlefield. VIII 381-437. 7. Doloneia. X 194. 8. Capture of horses of Rhesus. X 465. 9. Hera beguiles Zeus to sleep. XII 153. 10. Making of the arms of Achilles. XVIII 370. FIRST BATTLE 1. Meeting of the Armies. 2. Combat of Paris and Menelaus. 3. Panderus shoots Menelaus. 4. Trojans and Greeks prepare for battle. 5. Many slain. 6. Hector retires before Athena. 7. Athena and Ares leave the battle. 8. The Trojans take to flight. 9. Panderus shoots Diomede. 10. Diomede kills many. 11. Diomede fights with ACneas and Panderus. 12. Ares rescues the Trojans. 13. Diomede retreats before Ares and Hector. 14. Odysseus kills many. 15. Greeks retreat. 16. The battle rages from Simoeis to Xanthus. 17. Hector goes to Troy. 18. Hector and Paris slay the Greeks. 19. Combat between Hector and Ajax. SECOND BATTLE 1. The Armies meet. 2. Zeus thunders against the Greeks. 3. Nestor and Diomede rally the Greeks. 4. Zeus thunders a second time. 5. Zeus thunders a third time. 6. Zeus comforts the Greeks by a sign. 7. Zeus again helps the Trojans. 8. Hera and Athena called from the battle by Zeus. 9. Campfires of the Trojans. THIRD BATTLE 1. The exploits of Agamemnon. 2. Agamemnon wounded. 3. Diomede and Ajax wounded. 4. Trojans fight five divisions about the wall. 5. Hector breaks down the gate. 6. Poseidon enters—deadlock in the fight. 7. Trojans concentrate at centre gate. 8. Zeus asleep, Trojans driven back to ford. 9. Zeus awakens, Greeks rapidly repulsed. 10. Hector fires Greek ship. Patroclus appears. 11. The exploits of Patroclus. 12. The Death of Patroclus. 13. The fight for the body of Patroclus. 14. Apparition of Achilles at the trench. FOURTH BATTLE 1. Trojans panic-stricken. 2. Gods enter the fray. 3. Achilles fights with ASneas. 4. Achilles and Hector rouse the warriors. 5. Achilles kills several. 6. Achilles meets Hector. 7. Achilles divides the Trojans. 8. Achilles leaps into the Scamander. 9. Achilles kills Lycaon and Asterophanes. 10. Achilles fights with the Scamander. 11. Achilles battles through the river. 12. Achilles is rescued by a conflagration. 13. Strife of the gods. 14. Achilles pursues the Trojans. 15. Achilles gives chase to Apollo. 16. Achilles goes in pursuit of Hector. 17. Achilles meets Hector face to face. 18. Achilles pursues Hector three times around Troy. 19. The Duel. SUGGESTIVE TITLES FOR STORIES, ESSAYS, COMPOSITIONS, ETC. A series of “write-ups” for the “Trojan Daily News,” such as (a) An account of the first day’s battle. (b) The duel between Paris and Menelaus. (c) The meeting of Glaucus and Diomede. (d) An “extra” account of the Greeks’ retreat. (e) Report of second, third, fourth battle. An indignant editorial to the same paper (a) On partiality of the gods. (b) Against Helen, Paris, etc. A series of descriptions on (a) A celebration in the halls of Priam. (b) Various characters present—Priam, Hector, Helen, Hecuba, etc. (c) The view from the walls of Troy. (d) The famous armor of Achilles. (e) Celestial banquets. A number of advertisements for the “Trojan Daily’s” last page. A write-up of the second battle based on rumors and unsubstantiated reports for an “extra” edition. A second article might make a retraction. Story suggestions: “Wily Odysseus.” Suppose Odysseus had not taken the maiden Chryseis to her father. Perhaps the Greeks would have abandoned the seige of troy, and . . . “The Golden Apple.” Suppose Paris had chosen Hera instead of Aphrodite. He would have power and riches. Lead him to a climax. Or, if he had chosen Pallas, he would have received glory and renown. An encounter with Achilles over, say, Briseis would be interesting. “Briseis.” The Judith of her slain people. Cf. Book of Judith. Slays Achilles. Trojans come and overwhelm Greeks, etc. “Astyanax.” Hector’s son fulfills his father’s desire, invades Greece, and in avenging his father’s death by slaying Achilles in combat wins eternal glory. “Thersites.” Plays traitor because of insult. Warns Trojans of deceit of horse and whole Grecian host’s chieftains are caught at one time. End of war. “Benedict Arnold” scene at end. Serious essays: The history of Grecian migrations and wanderings, giving a glimpse of dialectic influences. Epithets in Homer, especially the more common ones. Homeric similes. A Homeric sacrifice. The intensity of Trojan and Grecian patriotism. The everyday business of war. A discussion of the Homeric Question. The gods in Homer. The delineation of certain characters—e. g., Achilles, Paris. . . . The principles of argumentation illustrated in Homeric speeches. The Ailneid and the Iliad. Vergil and Homer—aims, ideals, etc. Emotions displayed in the first book. Precept Work: Find examples of suggestion, vividness, force, elegance, clearness, amplification, brevity, etc., in the epic. Give illustrations of action, concreteness, etc. A series of Debates on Whether Achilles was justified according to the spirit of the times in dragging Hector’s body around the walls of Troy. Whether, taking all things into consideration, Hector was not a more real hero. Whether Achilles should have commanded the entire Greek host. Whether Odysseus with his wiles could have accomplished more than Achilles with his might. (Remember, Hector’s death is due to the latter; the strategy of the horse to the former.) Which of two scenes (e. g., Hector’s farewell to Andromache and the lament over his dead body) is the better, stronger, more touching, dramatic, etc. Dramas and Photo-plays: Dramatize the scene in which Chryses, the priest, pleads for his daughter. Divide the first book into acts and scenes. Arrange the third book into four acts. Set the stage, for the camera man, of such incidents as the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon; the taking of Briseis; the view from the walls of Troy, etc. Write a scenario of the passage in which Agamemnon dismisses Chryses; the oath of Achilles; Odysseus’ reproof of Thersites. Enumerate minute, but salient details. 1. Discuss .Homer’s place in Greek Literature. 2. Discuss Homer’s influence on Greek and Latin Literature. 3. Prove by textual illustrations that the Iliad contains the elements of a poem. 4. Prove that the Iliad is an Epic. 5. What other forms of Poetry are contained in the Iliad? 6. (a) State the motif of the Poem, (b) State main complication and its solution in the Iliad. (a) Describe Achilles’ character, (b) Compare him withiEneas. Compare the Iliad with the ^Eneid and tell which in your opinion possesses the greater poetic and literary value. Give reasons. (a) In passage describing the banquet of the gods, lines 493—. 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