Te Fac-simile Reproductions Relating to Old Boston and Neighborhood Samuel Abbott Green V...-' - V p73- 3 7 G7f Ten Fac-simile Reproductions Ten Fac-simile Reproductions Relating to Old Boston and Neighborhood By Samuel Abbott Green Boston, Massachusetts 1901 Copyright, 1901, By Samuel Abbott Green. ONE HUNDRED COPIES PRINTED, OCTOBER, 19OI. Stntbersttg 3|ress : John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A. TO OF JOHN FOSTER, A GRADUATE OF HARVARD COLLEGE IN THE CLASS OF 1667, WHO WAS THE PIONEER PRINTER OF BOSTON, AS WELL AS THE PIONEER ENGRAVER, THIS WORK IS INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS Chapter Page I. The Earliest American Newspaper, 1690 1 II. Hubbard's Map of New England, 1677 5 III. Rev. Samuel Willard's "Vsefvl Instrvctions," etc., 1673 13 IV. The Earliest Boston Imprint, 1675 19 V. The Earliest Medical Treatise printed in this country, 1678 .... 25 VI. The Earliest Book- Catalogue printed in this country, 1693 27 VII. Bonner's Map of Boston, 1722 35 VIII. The Earliest Print of Harvard College, 1726 37 IX. A Plot of Cambridge Common, 1784 4 1 X. Butler's Map of Groton, Massachusetts, 1832 43 I. The Earliest American Newspaper. THE following sheet is a fac-simile of the earliest newspaper printed on the American continent. It is taken from the only copy extant, now preserved among the archives of the Public Record Office in London, and is reproduced here in the exact size of the original paper. More than forty-five years ago the late William Winthrop, Esq., told me at Malta, — where then he was the United States Consul, — of the ex- istence of such a newspaper in London, and mentioned the year of its publication, but he did not know exactly where it could be found, and had forgotten his authority for the statement. With this clew, however, after a long search among the files of various offices, in the year 1856 I discovered the unique sheet in the Colonial State Paper Office, and made a copy which was printed later in the first volume (pages 228-231) of "The Historical Magazine " (Boston) for August, 1857. Before its publication here, how- ever, I learned after my return home that the late Reverend Joseph B. Felt already knew of this early print, as he had mentioned it in the second edition of his "Annals of Salem" (II. 14), which was published in the year 1849. Some time after my talk with Mr. Winthrop, he sent an item in regard to the matter, signed " W. W.," to " Notes and Queries " (London), February 7, 1857, which called out an answer in the same periodical on May 23, from " CI. Hopper," describing the sheet very fully, and telling where it could be found. There is but little contemporary record in regard to the newspaper, as it was so quickly suppressed by the Colonial authorities ; but it is known that only one number was issued. The Massachusetts Historical Society has in its library a copy of the printed Order suppressing the " pamphlet," as it is there called, which appears at the top of the next page, line for line. The dimensions of the Order are 5^ inches by 7^ inches; and a fac- simile of it in exact size is given immediately after that of the newspaper, which follows this Chapter. 2 BY THE GOVERNOUR & COUNCIL WHEREAS fame have lately pre/timed to Print and Difperfe a Pamphlet, Entituled, Publick Occurrences, both For- reign and Domeftick : Bofton, Thurfday, Septemb. 2$th. 1 690. Without the leajl Privity or Countenance of Authority. The Governour and Council having had the perufal of the faid Pam- phlet, and finding that therein is contained Reflections of a very high nature : As alfo fundry doubtful and uncertain Reports, do hereby ma- nifeft and declare their high Refentment and Difallowance of faid Pamphlet, and Order that the fame be Suppreffed and called in ; ftrick- ly forbidding any perfon or perfons for the future to Set forth any thing in Print without Licence firft obtained from thofe that are or fhall be appointed by the Government to grant the fame. By Order of the Governour &> Council. Ifaac Addington, Seer. Bofton, September 29/^. 1690. Chief-Justice Samuel Sewall, in his Diary (I. 332, 333) of that period, makes three entries referring to the publication, and in the first entry he tells the reason why it gave offence, as follows: — Sept. 25 [1690]. A printed sheet entituled publick Occurences comes out, which gives much distaste because not Licensed ; and because of the passage referring to the French King and the Maquas [Mohawks]. # # # # # Oct. 1. Print of the Governor and Council comes out showing their disallowance of the Publick Occurrences. Oct. 2. Mr. [Cotton] Mather writes a very sharp letter about it. Judge Sewall, in his Letter-Book (I. 112) also, under date of September 25, 1690, refers to " the first sheet of Occurrences, which came out this day." This Order of the Governor and Council, and these entries by Sewall, contain the only contemporary allusions to the offending paper, which have come down to the present time. Other diaries of that early period, though few in number, fail to mention it, so far as I can learn. Doubtless, in accordance with the Order, some copies of the sheet were called in after they had been printed, and this would account in part for the extreme rarity of the number. During the years just before the issue of this pioneer newspaper, it was not unusual, among persons accustomed to the use of the pen, to write long letters containing items of public interest rather than of per- sonal news, and to send them through private hands to friends and kinsfolk living either in the other colonies or in England. Such communications 3 were called " news letters " or " letters of news "; and it was expected by the writers that they would be read in a wider circle than that of the family fireside. I have seen several such letters which in their day had been filed and indorsed "Publick Occurrences." In our early annals Governor Thomas Dudley's letter to the Countess of Lincoln, under date of March 12, 1 630-1, is a good instance of such com- munications. Nearly fifty years before the appearance of the Boston sheet, newspapers in London had been printed which bore somewhat similar titles, such as " Perfect Occurrences of Every Daies Journall in Parliament," " Diurnall Occurrences ... in both Houses of Parliament," " The Diurnall Occurrences touching the daily Proceedings in Parliament," etc. Among the Massachusetts Archives (XXXV. 83) at the State House is a broadside entitled " The Present State of the New-English Affairs," which late in the autumn of 1689 was published " to prevent false reports." It is printed in two columns on one side only of the sheet, and gives extracts from three letters written by Increase Mather, then in England, on ques- tions of public interest and importance to the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. This broadside bears the imprint : " Boston, Printed and Sold by Samuel Green, 1689," and evidently took the place of a manuscript news- letter, so common in those days. The fact is significant as showing a phase of journalistic evolution in New England, which began with the written letter, and then developed into a sheet like the one just mentioned. It was also the forerunner of " Publick Occurrences both Forreign and Domestick," which would have been issued monthly, if the Colonial authorities had not interfered and suppressed the publication. This act of intolerance, probably for some years, retarded any attempt to start another newspaper; and it was not until April 24, 1704, that one was established here on a permanent basis, under the title of " The Boston News-Letter." The regular issue of this sheet was kept up weekly for more than seventy years ; and, until the discovery of a solitary copy of " Publick Occurrences " in London, it had been considered the earliest newspaper printed in America. It was published by John Campbell, the Postmaster of New England, who in the autumn of 1705 petitioned the Governor and General Assembly for an annual allowance in connection with his office; and in his petition he mentions incidentally "having Last year sett on foott, a weekly Letter of Intelligence for both Foreign and Domestick Occurrences" (Massachusetts Archives, LXXXVIII. 344). In the issue of the News-Letter, May 5, 1 707, there is a publisher's advertise- ment, which refers to the paper as a " Publick Letter of Intelligence for both Foreign and Domestick Occurrences," and shows the continuity of the name and the probable traditions in regard to these various methods of spreading abroad the news. In another similar petition, found in the same 4 volume (page 355) of Archives, and dated May 24, 171 1, Campbell says that he " cannot vend two hundred & nifty Copys of one impression," which is an interesting fact in connection with the circulation of his newspaper seven years after it had been established. Benjamin Harris, the publisher of the suppressed " Publick Occur- rences," was a noted printer and bookseller, whose shop was situated at the south corner of State and Washington Streets, as these thoroughfares are known today. In the year 1689 he kept "at the London Coffee House near the Town-House in Boston," and in 1692 "at his Shop, over-against the Old Meeting-House," which is the same site. In 1694 he was "at the sign of the Bible over-against the Blew-Anchor," a tavern situated where the Globe Building now stands on Washington Street. Even in comparatively modern times a publication similar in its char- acter to the early manuscript News-Letter has been in existence. I have seen a specimen of a quarto print entitled " Stimson's News Letter Sheet for Correspondents," which was issued at No. 76 State Street, Boston, on March 13, 1850. It was published every Saturday by A. L. Stimson, and was sold at five cents a copy, or four dollars a hundred, at the bookstores generally throughout the city. The first two pages of the sheet were filled up with such items of news as are usually found in modern journals, in- cluding lists of Deaths and Marriages, etc., all arranged in three columns on each page ; and the last two pages were left blank to be filled up with writing as the correspondent saw fit. The purpose of this sheet was some- what akin to that served by the manuscript News-Letter of early times, and seems to have been a survival of the old custom. As a part of the history of " Publick Occurrences," it may be worth while to add that the " National Intelligencer " (Washington), in its issue of Sep- tember 3, 1857, reprinted this newspaper from the copy that had previously appeared in " The Historical Magazine " ; but in so doing the editor deemed it prudent to leave out several lines on the second page which he thought neither polite nor proper. Fifteen years later Mr. Frederic Hudson, in his "Journalism in the United States, from 1690 to 1872," on pages 44-48, reproduced the expurgated copy as found in the Intelli- gencer. And, lastly," The Boston Daily Globe " in the anniversary number of March 4, 1897, twenty-five years after its establishment, brought out a fac-simile reproduction of the sheet, which was the first correct copy made of the earliest newspaper printed on this continent. I » * • ■. *• i i PUB Both F 0 RREJG N and DO M EST Ic K Soflort^ Thurfda^5^f/25fib. lopo. 4; Ti/^wi, th*nhe Comity fi*B be fa feoffl th € m/as what is in thfe Forces^Iateft mfktdonee a mmeth(^r if any Glut ofQt- gone for Canada^mte chern think rt aim-oft curtences M ofcener, ) 9*$ an Ac- impofhble for them to get welhthrongh vi^ comtoffuch considerable things as have at- $$fes«*f their Husbandry at this time of ti£. f ^'T* * ¥?fr n #W* Ixourable that they farce find £jW oC pmns ^cm toob^n a Faithful Relation of*U th e . many hundreds of hands, that, are gone (Si f ; L ak€ , hi ? fdf them 5 ^ich i4 looked upon as a *<*o/J . ' r A 1 0^PUE Chelmsford, there were miffing about mhwh ts berew fropofed, Rtft,n«, g 6i beginning: bf this rri»nth a^plebf Glif I- ^ r^, > V- "t "j"" "j Terhptr, but one that had iiing fen- ^Jhirdljr, Thttfongtbngmayh done towards j oy(;d the repiua tiori of a and mt&& ^mm^ #*f. ^CharWin|of^rS^ ^having newly buried his Wife, #S| AV^^Im* hrev,Usamngfl^ wbe.e- Devil, took advantage, of the foelahVnoHy foreyothmgjhail be Entered, but what m have which he rher^mAn f5l Jam/ -hiiiuiXU teafon to believe is true^ repairing to the fyejt foun- tains for our Information. , , i4W when there ap- pears i any material miftake J» any thing that is cbllt&ed, it jhull be corre&ed in the next. \ ' Moreover^ tfye Publisher, ofthefe Occurrences which he thereupon fell into£ his WY^difV ^retion and inp'iiftry had long been the fiff- poftof- his Family, and he feemed hurried with an impertinent fear that he Ihquld Jiprtr come to want before he dyed, though he h^4 very careful friends to lbok.-;afeet • him- wfe ^^^f^mmmmmmff^ / Epidemical ppppo^that none mil dtsltks fs Vyopofal, h> ^ mm ^ knt fpcB as intend to be gmlty of fo villawus a hereof tho ' Cttme, t^if ^ {m r {s dt ^T^Vi- *kNU he was dead with his feet hear totitH- 9m ^ry^e^ofe the Man* of M perf* ~ m the Groqnd> ^ , ^ft ^^ ^^ Epidemical feyki and J^e, . grovv - veff fome parts of the Country^ many dye ; hot, yet the v\ arc fptely unfitted .for their imployments v but :? • ., , in. fome parts. a more malignant Vrvtr feems, HE Chriftianiied Indians fh fome tb prevail, in fuch fort , that it ufo'ally grcs parts of Plimeut'ki have: newly ap-; thro' a Family .where it comes," • and proves pointed a ^ daj of ThanksgMng to Moml onto-rhahy> God far his Mercy in fupplying their extream The SmalLpvx which has been raging m and pinching.Neceflities under their late wsint fyfrw, .after-a, manner/- very Extraordinary. i§ bf Corn*' & for His giving them now a.pro& now very mtich abated- , it is ihougiit ihac of a very Comfortable fiarveft, Their far more have -been fi'ck of it then wet e y\ ifl r Ixample may be worth Mentt oning. . /./• ttd with it, when it raged fo much twelve ,Tis obfsrved byLthe Husbandmen, tfiat years- ago, neverthelefs it ^has . not been, fci iltho* the With draw offogrcsfc a (Irerigth ; Mortal, The' number of. them ..that have (fyed in Boftoniy thislaft Vifitar.iori is about Rebeck., they tyould pafs trie Lake, and &y three hundred and twenty^ whictf is not perhaps Land make a Defcent upon Mount ReiLl^c- half fo man v as fell by the former. The cordingly this Qolony with fome afftftahce Time of its being mod Ginjrati was In the 1 from out kind Neighbours of Plmomh , fit- months June, July, and then* 'twas 1 ! ted Out an' Army of near five and twenty hun- that fometirdes in fome one Congregation on \dnd men, and a Navy of two and thirty Sail 'i aLcr;ds-day there would be Bills deiiring' Which went frofti hence the beginning' of the prayers iot above an* hundred Sick; It fozed iaft Anguft, under the Command of the Ho- upoti all fort* of people that came in the way nourable Sir William Phips. of it, it infected even Children in the bullies " In the mean time thViEngliJk Colonies & of Mothers that had them (elves undergone the Provinces in the Weft raifed Forces, the Difeafe many years ago; for fome fuch were Numbers wficreof have been reported five inow born fall of the Diftemper. 'Tis riot or fix "hundred. The Honourable General 1 eafy to relate the Trouble and Sorrow that Wmt'hrop was in the Head of thefe, and ad- poor Sujtm has felt by this, Eputemicajl ConJ yanceel within a few mijes of the He~ iagtin. But we' hope it will Be pretty nigh there nad forrie good Number of M«qu« f t& Extinguifhed, by that time twelve month joy n his Forces, but contrary to his Expedla* when it fiift began to Spread, it now un- tion, it was found that the Canoo's to have happily fpreads m feveral other places, a* been ready for the TranfportatiOn of the; t riiong which our Garrifcns in the gag are Army over the were not prepared^ and - to be reckoned fome of the greateft SufFeters. the other Nations' of Indians, that fhould - Altho c B*(ion did a few weeks ajzo, meet ha.e come to this Campaign, lent their. Ex- with a Difafter by 'fflfflfe which con fumed" a- tofev pretending that the Small- pox was a- bout twenty Hntjts near the Mili-Cnek, yet rK'ong' them, and fome oi her Trifles. Tfi^ about midnight, between the fixteenth and GeneVal Meeting with fuch vexing difap^ , feventeenth ofthis Inftant, another Fire broke pointmenis, cstfed^a ConnceT of War, where- " forth near, the . Somh. Aiming. fJ^ mch . in Was, impffi^Bbf; conlumed about five or fix houles, and -had;, them to' Profecute t l;,e»r' Ifiter.dtd 'Expedition, almoft Carried the {vlee'ting-houfe it ft If,- one! However he difpatched-away t fie M-qitaU to' ' of the fai reft Edifices in the Country- it-Gpd the French territories, who rettVtid with had not remarkably affiled- the Endeavours ; fome Sutcefs, having flam feveral' cf the of the People to put out the Fire; There. French, and bronght home fevet al PrifoneVs were two'more confiderable Circumftancesin wbohi they ufed in a manner too barbarous , the Calamities cf this Fire, one was that a 'for ariy Ityliflj to approve. The . General young, man belonging- to the Houfe wheVe' ; coming back to AlUnnyl '.'there ""Happened' jr the Fire ^began, unhappily penlhtd in the mifuhdeVftanding, between him and the Lieu* Flames v it feems that tho' he might fooner* tenant Governour of Nen^yoi^ which occa- awake than fome' others who did elcape, yet', fiOned much diTcburfe, but pr educed not fie forrie way loft thefe Wits that fiionld have thofe tfft&s Which were feared" of it. • Where> tiught him to help himftlf. Another was ray the bottom of thefe mifcarriages is vari- tfjat the beft fur-mined PRINTING-PRESS, oi,fl y conjectured-, if any peopte ftirther Weft ' 6f thofe few that we know of in Ammca r tbaU Albany, have been Tampering with the *Vas loft v a lofs'not ptelently to be repaired-. Indians, tO.defert the bu fine IV of >Ca«dda, we ' / , There lately arrived at Ptfcataya, one hope time will difcover it And if Almighty Tapoon from" fembfiot^ in a fmall Shallop, God will haVe Canada ,tObe fabdu'd wkhoue wherein he had ufed to atSend upon the plea- the ailifiance Of thore miferable Salvages, in" fiire of Cajieen, but tdofc- his oportunity to who-mVe have too much conflderl^ We fhall /un awav, and reports : That a yeffel of t)e glad, t^at there will be no Sacrifice of- imall Bulk bound from Bnfhi to Virginia^ ,fered up to the Devil' upon this occalion * having, been fo long at Sea-, till tfcey we're r G0d alone will have ail the Glory. j?reft with .want, put in at Penobfcot irfftead 'Trs poflib'e, we have not fo edacity reW ' of Ptfcfaquu^vtMtxt the Indians- and French t ttts informed the trench that thefe NdUns hai revolted unto the M^m's, and hereupon the French or their Indians made a Hidden Sally forth upon them, and utterly defied them, tfid 1 they foere in reality of their own party jrijj. Two Engbjh Captives efcaped from the hands of the Indians and French at p'fcada- Tnoquady, came into P'irrfmouth on the fix/ teenth Inftant & fay,That when Capt- Mafon was at Port Real) he cut the faces, and ript the bellies of two Indians, and threw a third C?vet board in the fight of the French, . who informing the other Indians of ft, they have iii revenge barbaroufl/ Butcher d forty Cap- tives of ours that were in their hands: Thefe two Captives efcaped in a Shallop- fohich our Enemies intended to. have fet out With all the Circumftanas of a-Fifhing Shal- lop but to have indeed fiiM it with Indians that fhoufd have Clap c c ! on board any EngUjti VelFei that came in their way < They fay that about three or four weeks ago, fome Udi ins were doming this way to War, but crofting a path which they fuppofed to be of the M* r qna'sj they followed it until they difcov.ered a place Where fome Canoo's were making Whereupon twenty Kenncbeck Indian.~Wz rv [ > 6rs went to look further after the buiinefs, Who never yet returned'. Which gives hope, 'that they may come, jhbrt home but upon this the Squaws are' fenc to Pen0pm and the then ftand on their Defence. * ^ Port fmoHfh- Sept. io'h. Two da s fihee ar- rived here a'fttiall VefTel from Ba. t> ad.es j. i n Which is a Letter to Captain H. K. of i$th jAnguft that fpeaks thus, Chriftophers is wholly taken from" the trinih a's^lfoa fmall IUand Called St acta < we are ! tery ftrong~iii Shipping, and biff Ships of .War are now gone for Tobago, a very good place to fiielter from any Storms, after the iufpieious months are over, they will Attack the reft of the French places'. We have INiews'* here that W. William is fafe arrived in he. land i and is marched with one hundred and forty tkoufand Foot and Horfe. Himf elf leads the Body, DuW Scomburgh the right Wing, and the garl of Oxford, the reft Wing, Duke Hamilton of Scotland leads "the forlorn Hope Wkh v *e» thou (and men under him. Great vi- ftory they dayly have, and much people day- ly come in to him, with fubraiffion : He has 200 Shipping with him of one fort or other; above one hundred Sail dayly run between Ireland and England, with meat for Man and Beaft; His Majefty being^un willing to truft falfe Inland for it- France js in much trou- ble (and fear; not pnly with us but alfo with his Son, who ; has revoked againft him lately, and lias great reafon, ) if reports be true, that the Father ufed to lie with the Sons Wife. .He has got all trie Hagowts, . and all thedihdtisfied Papifts, with the great ,force of the D. of Lorraign, and are- now againft him,, refolving to depofe him of his life and Kingdom. ., . It's Reported the City cf CVUn Ireland, has proclaimed K. William, and turned their French Landlords ou.t of Doors ^ of this there wants further Confirmation* , From PjimoHth Sept. 22. \tye hare ah Ac- count, that on Friday the \ith Inftent, in the night, our Forces Landing privately, for th-r with furrounded Ptgypfw Fort ^ but finding no Indians there, they March d to Amomf* coggin. There on the Lords-day, they kiil v d and took t 5 cr rSof the Enemy, and reco- vered five Captives, moftly belonging to Oyite -Rive; • w ho ad v ifed., that the men, had been gone a hour ten days do^n 1.0 a Ri- ver, to meet with the F> ; v/<>, and she French I'dians ^wh^i-h^y ^xpea^a i,o makeup a Body of 300 men , and delign firft againft Wells Qv t\ ijcst, ia -i a . '- 5 Oxi Tuefday, the Army came to our Ve&ls 4t Maccj*pif ? but one of the Vcffels touching a Ground ft opt' a fide j by which means^ young Bracket, who was a confiderable diftance up the Rive^r, above Amonofcoggin Fort, be-i ing advifed by an Indian that ran away from. A.^onofcoggin, tha an E»gtifb Army was there attempted his Efcapc, and came down to the Sloop- jul! as they odme on their Sail. On Thurfday ? they landed at Saco ; a Scout of 60 men of ours difcover a party of the E- nemy, and had the Advantage of killing three Priflted by R. /me, % Benjamin of them, and of taking tune Canons and an Engli/h carjriv.e named, Thomas fi a % r who in- formed., that the Enemy had left a confidera- ble Plunder at PegypfcHt. Plains, which jie fup~ poled the Enemy was gone to fecure. Where-, uppn the Army immediately embark*d, .and[. arriving there that night, ..the next morning 3 found, the Be vei -Plunder aCCordir glv. White our Veiieis where at Anchor in Cajt coe-Bay, olir Auxiliary- Indians lodging on fhofe. and being too .carelefs in their Watch, the Enemy made an Attaque upon them. The Engttfli forth with repair'd' to their Relief^ but were forelv galled, by an t Embufcado of Indians, The Enemy Ibort quitted the Field, efcaping with their Canoo's, whereof ours took feveVal. In the Sarprife, we loft 9 men, and. had about 20 wounded ^ the blow chief- ly fell on Our dear Friends, the Fhmouth For- ces, 1 y being kiir-d and wounded of Captain' Soitthworth^j Company. GOYERNOUR * COUNCII HERB AS fime have -lately pre fumed to Print ax A Difperfe a Pamphlets EntitiHed^ V\\hX\d\ Occurrences., both For- re.igp-.apd Domeftick ;. Bofton^ThuiTday,. Septemb, z%tk> The Govemonr and Council having had the perufal of the fa id Pam- phlet, and finding. that therein is contained Reflections of a very high nature:.- Asalfo fundry doubtful and uncertain Reports, do hereby rna- nifeft. and declare their high Refentment and Difaiiowance of; laid Pamphlet, and Order that the fame be SupprefTed and called in -,, ftrici- !y forbidding any perfon or perfons, for the future to Set forth any- thing in Print without Licence firft- obtained from thofe that are or Siall be appointed by the Government to grant the fame; By- Order of the Govsrnour & Council. I fans Adding ton y Seen Mton^Sej^emte 2$tb, * II. Hubbard's Map of New England. AMONG the earliest books issued from the press of John Foster, the pioneer printer of Boston, was " A Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New-England," by William Hubbard, minister of Ipswich, — now a book of great rarity. It was printed in the early part of the year 1677, and soon afterward was republished in London. Many of the facts were obtained by the author from persons who " were present in the par- ticular Actions ; " and for various other reasons the work is highly valued by American scholars. Though inaccurate in some respects, the Narrative holds so prominent a place among original historical authorities that it can never be superseded. Just before the text are thirty-four poetical lines addressed " To the Reverend Mr. William Hubbard on his most exact History of New-Englands Troubles" signed "J. S.," and supposed to be by John Sherman, then living at Watertown, which are followed by thirty- eight more, " Upon the elaborate Survey of New-Englands Passions from the Natives by the impartial Pen of that worthy Divine Mr. William Hub- bard," signed " B. T.," who was Benjamin Tompson, the earliest native American poet. Mr. Sibley, in his Harvard Graduates (I. 61), says that the initials " J. S." stand probably for Jeremiah Shepard, a graduate of the College in the Class of 1669; and at a meeting of the Massachusetts Historical Society, held on November 8, 1888, I made some remarks on the map con- tained in the Narrative, wherein I followed Mr. Sibley's supposition. Since that time, however, I have seen a copy of the book, which then belonged to the late Mr. Sumner Hollingsworth, of Boston; and which has many interesting notes in the handwriting of the Reverend Edward Taylor, besides the copy of a letter from him, dated at "Westfield 15 th 8? 1679." In one of these notes it is said that the initials "J. S." stand for "John Sherman doubtless." As both Hubbard and Taylor were graduates of the College, and both were ministers, they undoubtedly knew each other well; and for that reason I am now inclined to think that Sherman was the writer of the verses. The letter mentioned above is addressed to the "Reverend & Hon r : d Mr. S! Nicholas, together with my Hon r : d & Rev n : d Master Mr. Loseby"; and there is some reason to think that these two persons were the Regicides then at Hadley. 6 Mr. Hollingsworth also had two copies of the London edition of the book, which vary in some slight details. The Narrative contains a Map of New England, which is full of interest as being the first one ever cut in this country. It was engraved for the work, and, as might have been expected, was very crude in its execution and in- accurate in its details. Unlike the common way of showing the cardinal points, the top of the map represents the West, and the bottom represents the East. There are two heavy lines drawn up and down (East and West), which are intended to mark the boundaries of the Massachusetts Colony. The charter, it will be remembered, gave the Company all the land lying between a parallel three miles south of any part of the Charles River, and a similar parallel three miles north of the Merrimack River; and these lines were supposed to bound this territory. The engraver, who evidently was not used to the relation of distances, included a considerable part of Plym- outh Colony within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts; and even the town of Plymouth was brought within the limits of the Bay Colony. In order to remedy this defect and restore the territory to the rightful owners he drew a lighter line from Scituate to Medfield, as a concession on the part of the engraver to the Old Colony. During the past thirty years this map has been the subject of consider- able research on the part of a few cartographical students, who have in some instances printed the result of their investigations. I now purpose to give several additional facts connected with the history of the cut. There are two editions of the map, one slightly smaller than the other. The dimensions of the smaller are 11% inches by 15% inches, including a border of a quarter of an inch in width or perhaps a trifle less. The other map is larger, perhaps by half an inch in length, and a quarter of an inch in width ; and instead of a single border line around the edge, it has two lines, of which the outer line is considerably broader than the inner one. I infer that the smaller map was issued first, as it contains so many names of towns spelled wrong, which are corrected in the other edition. It is fair to assume that the smaller one appeared in the original issue of the book, and that, after the many errors in the names of places were discovered, another edition of the map was brought out. Probably the corrected impressions were placed in such copies of the book here as were not then bound ; and, probably too, the new impressions were sent also to London to be bound up with the English edition, which was printed later in the same year. There is reason to think that some copies of the London edition contained the " Wine Hills " map. One copy, certainly, did contain it, as is mentioned on page 8. The original impressions of both these maps, more especially those of the " White Hills " variety, are now very rare, but fac-simile reproductions are common. 7 In the first impression of the map the White Mountains are desig- nated as " The Wine Hills," but in the corrected one they are called " The White Hills." From this fact the two impressions are generally spoken of as the " Wine Hills " map, or the " White Hills " map, according as the one or the other is meant. This is well enough for the purpose of distinc- tion between the two; but William Hubbard, the supposed designer of the map, and John Foster, the supposed engraver, probably would have pro- nounced " Wine " in two syllables, as the word is a variant of the Indian Winne or Winni. The same root is found in the name of Lake Winne- pesaukee, a large body of water in the immediate neighborhood of the White Mountains, and in Winnebago, Winnepeg, Winnisimmet, and other Indian words. This philological digression, however, is not akin to the object of my paper. Fifteen years ago I procured from Mr. George E. Littlefield, the anti- quarian bookseller in Cornhill, Boston, a copy of the " Wine Hills " map. He had found it in an imperfect volume of William Wood's " New Eng- lands Prospect" (London, 1635), where it had been inserted in the place of another. Mr. Littlefield's practised eye at once detected it as the orig- inal map of Hubbard's Narrative, — which was printed more than forty years after Wood's little book, — and accordingly I bought it. The title in the upper right-hand corner, runs thus, line for line : — A MAP OF NEW-ENGLAND, Being the firjl that ever was here cut, and done by the bejl Pattern that could be had which being in fome places defective, it made the other lefs exact: yet doth it fufficiently Jhew the Scitua- tion of the Countrey, and conveniently well the dijlance of Places. The figures that are joyned with the Names of Places are to diftinguifh fuch as have been af- faulted by the Indians from others. Without doubt, it was inserted in the volume so that it would face the unnumbered page immediately after page 132, which begins, "A Table shewing the Towns and places," etc. I have never yet seen a copy of the Boston edition of this book in good order and in the original binding ; but most other copies, on a careful examination, still show slight traces of a map at the page indicated above. I have seen one, moreover, in the original binding, with a stub of the map still remaining there. Furthermore, there is no catchword at the bottom of page 132, which furnishes another reason for believing that a blank page or a map belongs in that place. This state- In a letter to Edward Hull, of London, dated Boston, July 15, 1686, Chief-Justice Samuel Sewall writes : " There is in- closed in the top [of a box] a Mapp of this Town which please to accept off" (Letter-Book, I. 32). Without doubt the allu- sion at the head of this page is to Foster's View, taken from Noddles Island, and it shows that copies of the impression were received in Boston. [To be inserted in " Remarks on John Foster," by Samuel A. Green, at the foot of page 7.] 8 ment does not apply to the London edition, where the map was inserted immediately after Tompson's poem, and just before page I of the Narrative. I have seen a copy also of this edition in the original binding, with a stub of the map remaining there, and with the impress of its folds still left on the preceding page, where, too, there is no catchword. There was enough of the stub left, however, to show that the map was of the " Wine Hills " variety, with the heavy border. In the justification of its lines the title of the " White Hills " map varies a little from that of the " Wine Hills " one, as well as the cut of type used in the word " New-England ; " and it reads as follows, line for line : — A MAP OF NEW-ENGLAND, Being the ftrft that ever was here cut, and done by the bejl Pattern that could be had which being in fome places defeclive, it made the other le/s exacl: yet doth it fufficiently Jhew the Scituation of the Country, and conveniently well the dijlance of Places. The figures that are joyned with the Names of Places are to diftinguifh fuch as have been afiaulted by the Indians from others. There is no reason to doubt that both these wood-cuts were made here, as stated in the title, and that the impressions were struck off in Foster's printing-office. The types for the title were mortised in the block, and they correspond exactly with fonts then in use by Foster, as a comparison of Hubbard's Narrative, Mather's Brief History (Boston, 1676), and other books bearing his imprint will show. Unfortunately neither the designer nor the engraver of the map is now known positively, and its origin is left to conjecture. There is reason to suppose that it was prepared by the author of the Narrative and engraved by the printer. It was made with special reference to the towns which were assaulted by the Indians during the previous year, and was adapted to the text in the "Table." Who could do this so well as Mr. Hubbard? Mr. Tompson, in his lines already mentioned, alludes to thy new Map by which Thy friends and Country all thou dost enrich. This allusion might well be to the map made under the author's direction and supervision. At the time his book was published, Mr. Hubbard was an old man past seventy-two years of age, and wrote an indistinct hand; and the names of towns, as given in the original draft of the map, might easily have been misread by the engraver. Just before the list of Errata, near the beginning of the book, is the following paragraph : — The Printer to the Reader. BY Reason of the Authors long, and necessary absence from the Press, to- gether with the difficulty of readmg his hand, many faults have escaped in the Printing, either by mistaking of words, or mispointing of Sentences, which doe in some places not a little confound the Sence, which the Reader is desired to correct before he begins to read. It may fairly be inferred that these causes contributed also to the imperfections of the map as well as to those of the letter press. It is not known now what was " the best Pattern that could be had," which served the engraver of the map as his guide, but whatever it was, presumably Mr. Hubbard had a nominal supervision of the work. Mr. Justin Winsor, in his own copy of " The Memorial History of Boston " (I. 328), now in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society, has made the following manuscript note : — " The Lond. Gazette, 1676, says: There is now extant a map of N. E., as is now divided into the three great colonies of Plymouth, Mass., and Conn., with a printed description by John Seller," etc. It is a matter of history that John Foster was an engraver as well as a printer, though probably his business as such was very limited. He died so young — at the early age of thirty-two years — that he scarcely had an opportunity to reach any distinction in this branch of art. In James Blake's Annals of Dorchester (Boston, 1846), under the year 1681, it is recorded : — This year Died Mr. John Foster, Son of Capt. Hopestill Foster; School-master of Dor- chester, and he that made the then Seal or Arms of y e Colony, namely an Indian with a Bow & Arrow &c. (Page 29.) It is known that the origin of the Colonial seal dates back to the earliest days of the Charter, so that this allusion must be to the engraver, and not to the designer. The annalist referred probably to the wood-cut impres- sion of the " Seal or Arms of y e Colony " which appears in Increase Mather's " Brief History of the Warr with the Indians in New-England " (page 15), printed by Foster only a few months before the publication of Hubbard's Narrative. The cut undoubtedly was used in order to give an official appearance or character to the various papers and documents printed for the Colonial authorities. It is of rude workmanship, but displays, per- haps, a little more artistic skill than is shown by the engraver of the map. IO Mr. Blake was born at Dorchester, on April 30, 1688, and died on December 4, 1750; and of course he was familiar with all the local tradi- tions of the town. His Annals were not published, however, until nearly a century after his death. The late Mr. John Allen Lewis, in writing of the printer, says: — ■ It has been for some years one of my desires to prepare an acceptable memoir of John Foster, and to that end I have preserved everything that was purchasable coming from his press, and every item referring to him. After a while I came to look upon Foster as one of the great men of that great age, — a scholar, a thinker, a printer, engraver, chemist, — a man worthy of the love, friendship, and admiration of the Mathers. Had Foster lived to the age that Franklin reached, Franklin might have been called a " second Foster." (Sibley's Harvard Graduates, II. 226.) At the time of Foster's death in Dorchester, on September 9, 1681, a funeral elegy was composed by his friend, Thomas Tileston, and dedicated to his memory. In these verses the author speaks of him as a " cunning Artist," and refers to " his accurate Geography." I am inclined to think that these allusions are to the engraver and the map. In the inventory of Foster's estate, dated October 5, 1681, his " carueing tools " — which could be no other than engraver's tools — and also "his cuts & coollors" are mentioned. What "coollors" or colors are referred to, I do not know, but evidently the "cuts" were his engraved blocks. During the night of September 16, 1690, nine years after his death, a printing-office in Boston was burned, which was the one that belonged probably to his lineal, though not im- mediate, successor in business; and thus, perhaps, disappeared the last vestige of his handicraft with these "carueing tools." (For an account of this fire, see the second page of " Publick Occurrences both Foreign and Domestick " given in fac-simile ante.) I have heard the word " carved " applied to a cut made on the flat side of a board or "plank," as contradistinguished from that which is engraved on the end of wood. It has been a subject of some interest at what particular period of the year Hubbard's Narrative first appeared in Boston. By itself the matter is of little importance, but the question is connected with certain other collateral ones. It has been assumed that this edition of the work was set up after the date of the Colonial license, which is probably not the fact. The book was printed, though perhaps only the first part, and circulated before March 19, 1676-7. Under this date John Cotton writes from Plymouth to Increase Mather, as follows : — I could have desired to have kept your booke a few days longer, whereby it might have bin filled with marginal notes of Erratas. Our Gov r & Magistrates] had some cursory perusall of the booke, the mistakes are Judged to be many more than the truths in it. Our Gov r & Mag's doe affirm that Alexander was got home before he dyed. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, fourth series, VIII. 232.) By the light of subsequent letters, it is certain that the book here referred to was Hubbard's Narrative ; and it is equally clear that it was not in manuscript, though it may have been an advance copy. This free expression of opinion by Cotton caused some hard feeling toward him on the part of Hubbard, and occasioned a sharp correspondence. The author of the Narrative was desirous to obtain from the Plymouth authorities an approval of his work, similar to that given by the Governor and Council of the Massachusetts Colony, but the wish was not gratified. I am aware that the date "April, 1677," appears in the text of the " Post- script," near the end, which at first sight would indicate that the book as a whole was printed after that time ; but a careful examination of the text will explain the matter and show otherwise. The Narrative is made up of two parts, with " A Table showing the Towns and places," etc., and " A Postscript " inserted between them, — and each part is paged separately ; and this Table and Postscript, placed in the middle of the book, were printed last. This is shown by several entries in the Table referring to different pages of the second part. As instances of such references the following items are given: "Par. 2. pag. 25 26"; "Par. 2. pag. 26."; "Par. 2. p. 45, 46." ; and Par. 2. pag. 51." In the Boston edition of the Narrative are two lists of Errata, — one of them appearing near the beginning of the book, and the other at the end. In the London edition there is no similar list, though the corrections for the most part have been duly made, which shows that the English printers had the benefit of them both. In the list printed near the beginning is the following : — In the second Part. p. 81. between the seventh and eighth line, a whole line is casually omitted in most of the Copyes viz. As for predictions or Presages of the present troubles. The London edition was printed from one of these slightly imperfect copies, as this line is there omitted. There is reason to think that it was the intention of the author or the publisher of the Boston edition to have the book end on page 132 of the first part, as then the work would cor- respond with the titlepage ; and probably this is the portion that was sent to the Plymouth authorities for their examination and approval. The second part is paged separately, and has separate signature letters. The Table and Postscript were printed last; and at the end of the Postscript is a " Finis," showing that it was the probable intention originally to have these few pages at the end of the book. It is an interesting fact to note that the pages in the English edition, with a very few exceptions, follow the Boston edition, page for page and line for line. In the Boston edition page 116 of the first part is left blank, which space was utilized by the London printers, so that the first part of the English edition contains only 131 pages instead of 132, as in Foster's edition. The following copies of the two maps are taken from " The Wine Hills " and " The White Hills " editions, respectively ; and for purposes of easy comparison, I have placed them here side by side. I 5 c ^f-vj ~~y_~^__ ^ — — — * — ;\Y ' 5 s-^rzrzj-^X SionltotX A MAP OF Being the firfi that ever vat here ittt, and dene by the befi Pattern that could be had, which btinv in [me places defective, it made the ether lefs exalt* jet doth it ftifficiently JheV? the Situation of the Country, and conveniently yoell the difiance of Places. The figures that are joyn c d with the Names of Pkces are to drftinguiili fuch as hare been afliulced by the Indians from others.- i — — — - — A ! ~ - ~ ~ j y fS 3 - — -4k v — k.4 — V>— — A Scale °f forty Miles. ■ ■ .I...m,.,T....W...T... I • • a n mm - 32/ The White Hills I I I _ovcn 42. 50 4B •seas* f--t.. i i-W^?""-*— *' — « ; -i ■■ i i. ^ I'M... I mm. A Fac-simile of Hubbard's Map of New England. ("The White Hills" impression.) From a copy owned by the Massachusetts Historicai Society. 1901. III. Reverend Samuel Willard's "VSEFVL INSTRVCTIONS," Etc. MONG the early printed American books in my own library is a Vsefvl Instrvctions for a professing People in Times of great Security and Degeneracy : Delivered in several Sermons on Solemn Occasions : By Mr. Samuel Willard Pastor of the Church of Christ at Groton. || Cambridge : Printed by Samuel Green. 1673 4to. pp. (4), 80. Introduction by Urian Oakes and Thomas Shepard (1), and Preface "To his Beloved Friends the Inhabitants of Groton." signed " Your unworthy Minister. S. W." (1). It is a rare book, and the earliest of Mr. Willard's publications ; and only three copies are believed to be extant. One copy, formerly belonging to the late George Brinley, is now in the Library of Congress ; an imperfect one in the library of Harvard College, which lacks pages 79 and 80 ; and the third belongs to me. The book contains three sermons delivered at different times. Dr. William DeLoss Love, Jr., in his " Fast and Thanks- giving Days of New England" (Boston, 1895), on page 516, says that the first of these sermons was preached on June 16, 1670, and the third one on June 13, 1672; and he arrived at this conclusion from the internal evi- dence. The second sermon was preached probably in the winter of 167 1-2, and was occasioned by a case of so-called witchcraft at Groton. See Col- lections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (fourth series, VIII. 555-570) for a letter written by Mr. Willard to Cotton Mather describing the case in detail, which had appeared in the person of Elizabeth Knapp, on October 30, 1670, and lasted for ten weeks or more. The victim of the delusion had a long train of symptoms which were ascribed by the pundits of that period to the influence of a personal devil. The girl was little more than eighteen years old; and the medical profession to-day would diagnosticate her disease as a well-marked case of hysteria. Her father's house-lot was situated on the west side of the highway, at the southerly end of the village street in Groton. copy of The original letter of Mr. Willard is still preserved among the Reverend Thomas Prince's manuscripts, now deposited in the Boston Public Library, and is found numbered 3 in the second volume of the " Mather Papers." It is written in a small, cramped hand, very hard to read, and is contained in four pages of manuscript, and yet in such fine writing that it takes fifteen printed pages of octavo size, in the volume of the Historical Society's Collections, to give the contents in long primer type. Mr. Willard was a graduate of Harvard College, in the Class of 1659 ; and he went to Groton to preach as early as June, 1663, — as his prede- cessor in the pastoral office had died on June 12 of that year, — though he was not ordained in the ministry until July, 1664. There he remained and preached the gospel for nearly thirteen years, when the town was destroyed by the Indians. It was assaulted three several times in the month of March, 1676, and then abandoned. The inhabitants were compelled to seek refuge elsewhere, and in a body they left their former homes, under convoy of a squad of cavalry sent by the public authorities for that pur- pose. Mr. Willard never returned to his pastorate, though he continued to be a large land-owner in the town. Two years after leaving Groton he was settled over the Old South Church in Boston as the colleague pastor of Thomas Thacher, who is mentioned in Chapter V. of this book as the author of a medical treatise. Later, he was at the head of Harvard College, with the title of Vice-President, though with the duties of President; and he died in Boston on September 12, 1707. Ebenezer Pemberton, the minister of the Old South, delivered a funeral sermon on the death of Mr. Willard ; and in the analysis of his character he says : — At first in his younger Years, his Master committed to his Pastoral Care a Flock in a more obscure part of this Wilderness : But so great a Light was soon observed thro' the whole Land : And his Lord did not design to bury him in obscurity, but to place him in a more Eminent Station, which he was qualifyed for. (Page 70.) On account of the rarity of Mr. Willard's book, I give at the end of this Chapter fac-simile reproductions of the titlepage and the preface. Across the titlepage, in Huntting's hand is written: — Nath 11 Huntting E dono amici Jos. Green 14 April. 1695. At the date of the gift, Green was a member of the senior class at Harvard College, then soon to graduate ; and a few years later, Huntting, a graduate in the Class of 1693, married Mary Green, Joseph's youngest sister, on October 21, 1701. At the time of his marriage he was pastor of the church at East Hampton, Long Island, where he was ordained on September 13, 1699, *5 Joseph Green was my great-great-great-grandfather. He was the eleventh child and eighth son of John and Ruth (Mitchelson) Green, and was born at Cambridge, on November 24, 1675. He died on November 26, 1 71 5, at Salem Village, now Danvers, where he had been the settled minister for seventeen years. Samuel Buell, whose name is written at the top of the titlepage, was a graduate of Yale College in the Class of 1741, and a minister of some note. He was installed pastor of the church at East Hampton, on September 19, 1 746, as the successor of Mr. Huntting. t if^c/ <0£AjeJC ay^S VSETV'L I^T^pCnO^ for dprofefling Teojtkin Time s of great SECURITY AND DEGENERA CYs Delivered ia feveral SERMONS on Solemn Occafions : By Mr* Samuel fviUard Paftorof the Church of Chrife at Grotott. Son of 1 havemade thee awatelmanio tie Hmfeoflfratl: therefore bear the Word at my mouthy and give them warning from m* Amos The Lord God bath fpken* who cm hut Prothefjf Jer.2.31, O Generation s See ye the Word of Us Lord: have Uiien a wdemeft'Mto IfraeU a Land of dark^nefs} mhsrefou fay my Fefyh % w are Lordi^emU come m more unto thee. Hag$ai. J* 3)7* Thus faith ths Lord, Cenjider yoar ytayes. CAMmXLDqS: Trimed hy Shmwl Cjnm* X 6 7 i wmmmmmmmmimm To bis Beloved Friends the lnhahitants of q%OTO Hat it mi nor a defire toj appear in puWc^, but to an- fwtr year rj%wjh>j4ve fight ta the mfning Sermonr f Jt4«t my wXnejfet % and that m the pubtijffing of them* 1 have not endcavmreA ta vamifl arid faint tbemavsr with flourishes of menfleafing, words 5 fht tMngitJeJfmayfpea^ itetiket&jtding ym (hall find* yiothmghui what was delbired in Preaching. *£aasbingihe accafonof tfemfnteduotadvertifeyoUjjoamay weUemugtiGalljtominde^e loud woke of feeaJtfpzproTifdMCUiwM^ lie filers* : tfbefad handef God whle?j WW Upton ttefaw. kffefed Creature, which wetmyt jB&m 0s of it 5 the Lord afe&yojir heartland gmyouJ&j£am vfatyiQufmfs* The othettm wemalfouportfol^nv^jv^ss^e. hmd vf Gad upon this Ls»nd y andus in particular, lids Miriftm to ^ a? \ouA\ the XiOJU^GodltdhfpolQn^v^canh^ Praphpei IJiffsw msm corruption farni willing ta brcldfily dealtwHha^ hut I hope many of yog hjwtnotfo kamed Chrift* My beans defireand prayer foryouh 9 ihu you may be prepared for fhakmg times, and the nearer they. approach tbemoieneed hav$weto be flattened and ro ufed ftommt loyrerlng, Jf theft poor labours of m"me % may help in that great hufine^ K have my ends fully answered 4 and my dejke foryowJs, that thofeaffei^ions may be blown up again iidkexeadiag which were kindled in;the preaching*, Iknm.lkavehu^awhEemhmmwgymyif God pUafe jo mah'me by ihefe^ or any othiirma\endeavjows 9 to h under himmfifumejitalof your rtcmal goadilpraRdye whhjoy ; .and fo meefcy.ouafi ax the light hand if oar J«3ge in that great day , is £hc higheft ambition of Tour Unworthy UMiniJler- IV. The Earliest Boston Imprint. JOHN FOSTER was the pioneer printer of Boston, where he set up a press in the early part of 1675, though only two of his titles dated that year have come down to the present time. It has been a matter of some little interest among book-collectors to know which of these two was issued first, as it would gratify a curiosity not altogether idle to be able to name the earliest Boston imprint. Like most of the publications of that period both these pamphlets were sermons, preached by Increase Mather only a few weeks apart. While the presumption -was strongly in favor of the one with the earlier date of delivery as the earlier title, such evidence is not always conclusive. Fortunately for our present purpose, there is in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society a manuscript diary, kept by Mr. Mather during the years 1675 and 1676, which throws some light on the question. It begins with the new year (" i m - 25* 1675") and goes to December 7 (" io m - 7"), 1676, and contains allusions to both of these discourses. The diary is printed in full in the Proceedings (second series, XIII. 337-374) of the Society for December, 1899. The first of these pamphlets is entitled: — The Wicked mans Portion. Or a Sermon (Preached at the Lecture in Boston in New England the 18 th day of the 1 Moneth 1674. when two men [Nicholas Feaver and Robert Driver] were executed, who had murthered their Master.) Wherein is shewed That excesse in wickedness doth bring untimely Death. By Increase Mather, Teacher of a Church of Christ. || Boston Printed by John Foster. 1675. The other is entitled : — The Times of men are in the hand of God. Or a Sermon occasioned by that awfull Providence which hapned in Boston in New England, the 4 th day of the 3 d Moneth 1675. (when part of a Vessel was blown up in the Harbour, 1 and nine men hurt, and three mortally wounded) wherein is shewed how we should sanctifie the dreadfull Name of God under such awfull Dispensations. By Increase Mather, Teacher of a Church of Christ. || Boston, Printed by John Foster 1675. 1 For some particulars of this explosion, see Sewall's Diary (I. 10) and Hull's Diary in the " Archseologia Americana" (III. 240). 20 Both these tracts are now of great rarity. When Mr. Sibley wrote his sketch of Dr. Mather, he knew of only two copies of " The Wicked mans Portion," but since then several others have come to light. In the very first entry of the Diary, under date of March 25, 1675 (" i ra - 25 d - 1675 "), Mr. Mather writes as follows: — As to pticular. 1. yt ye Ld wld be wth me ys year also, owning me in my studyes. & in my ministry in Lds days e on Lecture days. 2. Blesse e give acceptance vnto w' I am printing. 3. guide as to ye Printing of ye Sermon I prched ys day 7 night. 4. give more of his Spirit to me. 5. Bless e gvide for me in my Family. Lord Jesus I comit these Requests into yi hands Humbly begging for acceptance for yi sake, & for thine onely. Amen O Lord Amen ! The sermon here referred to as preached " ys day 7 night," was unques- tionably "The Wicked mans Portion," as that was delivered on March 18, 1674-5, the day mentioned in the Diary. The extract, furthermore, shows that the sermon was then in press. It seems also to prove that "The Wicked mans Portion " was issued before the other pamphlet (" The Times of men are in the hand of God ") appeared. The former discourse was delivered as one of the regular Thursday lectures, a series by Boston ministers, which began in the early days of the Colony, and was kept up weekly for nearly two centuries and a half. It will be noticed that the date of the other sermon is not given, but it was occasioned by an event that happened on May 4, 1675, which day fell on a Tuesday. One might suppose that the sermon was preached on the following Sunday, but probably it was not, if we may draw a correct inference from certain entries in the Diary, which are as follows : — [Sunday, May] 9 A. M. Neph. Sam. [Mather, son of Timothy] phed. P. M. L d assisted me in some measure in y e work w c h Hee called me to. . . . [May] 15 Finished e corrected serrn" on psal. 31. 15 &c. [Sunday, May] 16 A. M. my Br. J. C. prhed. P. M. My Br. S. C. prched. Without doubt the initial letters in the last entry refer to John Cotton and Seaborn Cotton, sons of John Cotton, the well-known minister of the First Church, whose daughter was the wife of Increase Mather. [Sunday May] 23 God enabled me to prch both pts of ye day, e also to administer ye Lds supp ; & carried me comfortably through all. O wonderfull grace manifested to a vile sinner ! 24 Wrote eple bef serm" on ps. 31. 15. P. M. catechised children. This last entry without question refers to the sermon now under con- sideration, as the text of that discourse is found in Psalms xxxi. 15, My times are in thy hand. The date of delivery was undoubtedly May 23, as on that day he preached both in the forenoon and afternoon, which, according to the Diary, he was not often able to do. The contraction " eple " stands for epistle, which was the Preface or Introduction to the 21 printed sermon, where it appears under the heading, " To the Reader " at the beginning of the pamphlet. In another part of the Diary, under date of May 22 (" 3 m * 22"), 1676, he says: "wrote eple ad Hist." — alluding to his " Brief History of the Warr with the Indians in New-England," where it appears as a preface addressed " To the Reader." It may not be a matter of much moment to the great world of busy men, which of these two pamphlets is the first-born of Foster's press, now extant ; but the desire to know the bottom facts in regard to priority of publication, on the part of a mere handful of worm-eaten antiquaries and bibliographers, is as laudable a curiosity as that felt by two continents in the result of the great international yacht race off Sandy Hook, which has just been sailed while these pages were passing through the press. The following fac-simile of the titlepage is made from a copy belong- ing to the John A. Lewis collection in the Boston Public Library, where there is to be found another specimen of the rare pamphlet. The Lewis copy has two lines more in the list of errata on page 25 than there are in the other copy, besides having two slight errors corrected in the last form, which show that changes were made by the printer before the final sheets were struck off. The Wielded mans Tort ion. OR A SERMON C Preached 3t the Letfure in Bojlon in New England the x8th day of the i Moneth 1674. when two men were executed, who had murthered their Matter.) Wherein is (hewed /That exceffe in vic\ednefs doth hin% / untimely Death. By INCREASE MOTHER, Teacher of a Church of Chrift. Prov. 10.27. The fear of the Lord frokngtth dayes % but the years cftht wicked Jhall be Jb«r tned. Eph. 6. 2, 3. Honour thy Father and thy M ether (which u the fi'ft Commandment with fromtfe) that it may bt veil vith thte i and thou may ft live Iwg on the Earth* Paena ad paucos, metus ad omnes. BOSTON, Printed by John Fofttr. 167$ V, The Earliest Medical Treatise printed in this country. FOR many years before the Puritans came to New England they were subjected to bitter persecution at home ; and, foreseeing the possibility of an ejectment for non-conformity, a considerable number of their ministers studied medicine. They saw the probable needs of the future, and fitted themselves, as best they could, for any emergency that might arise in a new settlement ; hence they formed a large proportion of the early physicians of Massachusetts. As the years come and go, history repeats herself, and we see to-day American missionaries who first study medicine as a partial preparation for their new duties. In fact, it is a custom as old as civilization itself, that the priests are the ones to collect and preserve the traditions of medicine. These Puritan ministers in the main were men of liberal education, and some were authors of the earliest medical papers printed in America. It was with them a matter of conscientious duty to heal the body as well as to save the soul. Each one practised in his own flock, and for his fee generally received that which is considered better than money, though not equally current at the counter. Occasionally they took part in the medical controversies of the day, and defended their views with much skill and ability. Cotton Mather speaks of this union of the two professions as an "Angelic Conjunction," and says that "ever since the days of Luke the Evangelist, Skill in Physick has been frequently professed and practised, by Persons whose more declared Business was the Study of Divinity." (Magnalia, Book III. page 151.) The earliest treatise on a medical subject published in this country was a broadside, twelve inches by seventeen inches in size, written by the Reverend Thomas Thacher, the first minister of the " Old South." It bears date January 21, 1677-8, and was printed and sold by John Foster, Boston. The title is, " A Brief Rule to guide the Common People of New-England how to order themselves and theirs in the Small Pocks or 26 Measels." It was intended to furnish some popular hints concerning the management of the disease, which was then much more prevalent than it is now. A second edition of the " Brief Rule" was printed in the year 1702. In early times "measles" was sometimes used synonymously with smallpox. Dr. Increase Mather wrote a pamphlet entitled, " Some further Account from London, of the Small-Pox Inoculated. The Second Edition. With some Remarks on a late Scandalous Pamphlet Entituled, Inoculation of the Small Pox as Practis'd in Boston," etc. f Boston, 1721.) The first half of this pamphlet appeared originally in " The Boston Gazette," February 5, 1 72 1-2, No. 115, where it filled the third page of the newspaper; and this issue formed the first edition. Dr. Mather was the author also of a broadside, printed at Boston in November, 1721, which gives "Several Reasons proving that Inoculating or Transplanting the Small-Pox is a Lawful Practice, and that it has been blessed by GOD for the Saving of many a Life." Cotton Mather and other divines of Boston in their day wrote much on medical subjects. I mention these several instances in order to show that the ministers of that period were authors in the domain of medicine as well as in that of theology. The Massachusetts Historical Society owns a specimen of the aforesaid broadside by Mr. Thacher, which is supposed to be unique. On account of its extreme rarity a fac-simile reproduction is given on the next page, where the size of the original sheet has been reduced by one quarter. It may be worthy of note that Thacher's Island, off Cape Ann, well known to all persons who are familiar with that part of the coast of Massa- chusetts, was named after the author's family. An awful shipwreck took place there in the summer of 1635, during a storm of very great fury, when a pinnace carrying twenty-three persons was lost, and all on board were drowned, except the Reverend Anthony Thacher and his wife, the uncle and aunt of Thomas, who was at that time a lad fifteen years old. RIEF 1 E To guide the~<£ommon -Teople of NEW-ENGLAND Ho.v to order thcmfclvcs and theirs in the Small Pocks, or Meafels THc fmall Pox (whofe nature and cure the Meafels follow) is a difeafe in the blood, endeavouring to recover a new form and ftate. 2. This nature attempts — i . By Separation ofthe impure from the pure,thrufting it out from the Veins to the Flelh. — z. Bydrivingout the impure from the Flcfh to the Skin. 3. The firft Separation is done in the firft four dayes by a Feavcrifh boyiing ( Ebulli- tion )of the Blood, laying down the impurities in the Flelhy parts which kindly effefted the Feavcrifh tumult is calmed. 4. The lecond Separation from the Flcfh to the Skin, or Superficies is done through the reft ofthe time of the difcafc. 5 There are fevcral Errors in ordering thefe tick ones in both thefe Operations of Nature which prove very dangerous and commonly deadly cither by overmuch haften • nig Nature beyond its own pace, or in hindering of it from its own vigorous operation. * 6 The Separation by Ebullition in the Fcaverifh heat is over hcighined by too much Clothes, too hot a room, hot Cordials, as Diafcordium, Gafcons powder and fuch like, for hence come Phrtn&es, dangerous exceffive fweats, or the flowing of the Pocks in- j to one overfpreading fore, vulgarly called the Flox. 7. The fameieperation is overmuch hundred by prepoftcrous cooling that Fcaverifh boyiing heat, by bloodletting, Glyfters, Vomits, purges, or cooling medicines . For though thefe many times haften the coming forth of the Tox^ yet they take away that fupply which fhould keep them out till they are ripe, wherefore they fink in again to the dead- . ly danger ofthe fick. 1 8. If a Phrenfte happen, or through a Plethorie ( that isfulnefs of blood ) the Circula- j tion of the blood be hindred, and thereupon the whole inals of blood choaked up, then ' either let blood,Or fee that their diet, or medicines be not altogether cooling, but let them in no wife be heating, therefore let him lye no otherwife covered in his bed then he was wont in health : His Chamber not made hot with fire if the weather be temperate, let him drink fmall Beer only warm'd with a Toft.let him fup up thin water-gr„e!,ot wa- ter pottage made only of Indian Flour and water,inftead of Oat-mral \ Lethimeat boi/d fr^W J5 JTa mcr F ,ct i ,m " fc a « or ^ n g 0 cuftome, yet fo as to be defended both from heat and cold in Excefs^ the difeafe w. H be the fooner over and lefs troublefomc, for being kept m bed nourifhetb the Feavenfh heat and makes the Pocks break ou with a painful inflamation. N 19. In a colder feafon and breaking forth of a multitude of Puflules, forcing the fick to keep his bed, let him be covered according to his cuftome in health , a moderate fire in the winter being kindled in his Chamber, morning and Evening; neither need he keep Ins Anns alwayes in bed, or Iy ftill in the fame place, for fear leaft he fhould iweat which is very dangerous clpecially to youth. 20. Before the fourth day ufe no medicines to drive out, nor be too ftri ft with the lick} tor by how much the more gently the Puflules do grow, by fo much the fuller and pcrfeftcr will the Separation be. 21. On the fourth c ay a gentle Cordi.il may help once given. 22. From that time a fmall draught of warm milk fnot hot) a little dy'd with Saf- fron may be given morning and evening till the Puflules are come to their due greatnefs and ripenefs. 2 3 . When the Pufluhs begin to dry and cruft, leaft the rotten vapours :ftrike inward, which foraetimes caufeth fudden death', Take roaming and evening fomc temperate C or dial as four or five fpoonfuls of Malabo wine tinged with a little Saffron. 2 4. When the Puflules are dryd and fallen off, purge once and again, cfpecially in the Autumn Pocks. 25. Beware of anointing with Oils, Fatts, Ointments, and fuch defcnfives, for keep- ing the corrupted matter in the Puflules from drying «p:,by thi moifture^hey fret deep- er into the Flcfh, and fo make the more deep Sc^rrs. 26. The young and lively men that are brought to a plentiful fweat in this fiokne % about the eighth day thefweat flops of it felf, by. no means afterwards to be drawn out again} the lick thereupon feels moft troublcfome difreft and anguifh, and then makes abundance of water and fo dyes. Few young men and ftrong thus handled efcapc,excepttbey fall into abundance of him with more free Air 9. But if the boiling of the blood be weak and dull that there is caufe to fear it is not able to work a Separation, as it's wont to be in fuch as have been let blood, or are fat, or Flegmatick, or brought low by fome other ficknefs or labour of the ( Gomrrhea ) run- ning ofthe Reins, or fomc other Evacuation : In fuch Cafes, Cordials muft drive them cut,orthcy muft dy. 1 c. In time of d riving out the Pecks from the Flefh, here care muft be had that the Puftules keep out in a right mcafurc till they have attainM their end without going in again, for that is deadly. 11. In this time take heed when the Papules appear whilft not yet ripe, leaft by too much heat there arife a new Ebullition ( or Feaverifh boyiing ) for this troubles the dri- ving out , or brings back thefeparated parts into the blood , or the Flefhy parts over- heated are difabled from a right fuppuration, or laftly the .emper ofthe blood and tone I ofthe Flefh isfo perverted that it cannot overcome and digeft the matter driven out. j 12. Yet on the other hand the breaking out muft riot be hindred, by cxpofing the j fick unto the cold. The degree of beat muft be fuch as is natural agrees with the tern- . per of the flefhy pirts : That wiiich exceeds or falls fhort is dangerous : Therefore the j feafon of the year , Age'of the fick, and their manner of life here require a difcreet and ' different Confideration, requiring the Counfel of an expert Phyfitian. j ' 15. But if by any error a new Ebullition arifcth, the fame art muft be ufed to allay it j as is before cxpreft. • . 14. If the Puftles go in and a flux of the belly follows (for elfe there is no fuch danger) then Cordials are to be ufed,yet moderate and not too often for fear of new Ebullition. 1 5 . If much fpitting ( Ptyalifmui) follow, you may hope all will go well, therefore by no means hinder it : Only with warm fmall Beer let their mouths be wafhed. 1 6. When the Pu/lles are dryed and fallen,purge well, efpecially if it be in Autumn. 17. As foon as this difeafe therefore appears by its figris, let the fick abfteinfrom. Flefh and Wine, and open Air, let him ufe fmall Bear warmed with a Toft for his ordi- nary drink, and moderately when he defircs it. For food ufe water-gruel, water-pot- t*gt 9 and other things having no manifeft hot quality, eafy of digeftion, boild Apples, and milk fometimes for change, but the coldnefs taken off. Let the ufe of his bed be according to the feafon of the year, and the multitude of the Pocks, or as found perfons BOSTON, Printed and foldby f«hn Fofler. 1677. App'eix But I would notadvife at this time any medicine befides. By this means that ex- I fpitting or plentiful bleeding at the noic ceffive Ebullition ( or boyiing of his blood ) will by degrees abate, and the Symptoms j 27 . Signs difcovering the Aflault at firft are beating pain in the head , Forehead , and ceafei If not, but the blood be fo imaged that it will admit no delay, then either ■ t cmples,pain in the ba c k,grcat flecpinefs,gliftring ofthe eyes,fhining glimmerings feem< let blood ( if Age will bear it ) or elfe give fome notably cooling medicine, or refrcfh before them, itching ofthem alio, with tears flowing of themfeIvcs,itchingot theNofe, ! fhort breath, dry Cough, oft neczing, hoarfenefs, heat, rcdnefs, and fenfe of pricking over the whole body, terrors in the fleep. forrowand reftlefinefs, beating of the heart, Vrint fometimes as in health, fometime filthy from great Ebullition, and all this or ma- ny of thefe with a Feavenfh diftemper. ' 28. Signs warning ofthe probable Event. If they break forth cafily, quickly, and \ foon come to ripening, ii the Symptomcs be gentle, the Feaver mild, and after the j breaking forth it abat^i If the voice be free, an J breathing eafie^ efpecially if the Pox I be red white diftinft, foft few, round, fharptop'd. only without and not in the in- I ward parts - , if there be large bleeding at the nofe. Thefe figns are hopeful. 29. But fuch figns are doubtful, when they difficultly appear, when they fink in ar gain, when they are black, blewifh, green, hard, all in one, if the Feaver abate not with their breaking forth, ifthere be S.vooning,difficuIty of breathing, great thirft, quinfey, great unquietnefs, and it is very dangerous, ifthere be ioyn'd with it fome other mslig. nant Feavcr,called by fome the peftilential Pox.- the Spotted Feaver is oft jeyned with it. 30 Deadly Signs iftlje Flax ofthe Belly happen, whenthey are broke forth, if the Urine be bloody, or black,or the Ordure of thatCblour^ Or if pure blood be caft out by the Belly or Gumms: Thefe Signs are for the moft part deadly. Theft things 6ave I written Candid Reader, not to imform the ZmjW Phyfitian that hath much more caujeto under j} and what pertains to this difeafe than I,but to give fome light tothofe that have not fuch advantages, leaving the difficult j of this difeafe to the Phyfitians Art^mf^meyand Faithfulnefs : for the rtght managing of them in the whole C our ft of the difeafe tends both to the Patients f'fety, and the Phyfitians dijired Suceefs. in his Adminiflrations : For in vain it the Phyfitians Art Implojed , if they a'tjhp unitr a Regular Regiment. / am, though no Phyfitian, yet a Vctll wifher to the M And therefore tntreating tht Lord to turn our hearts, and flay kit hand, lam A Friend , Reader to thy Welfare* Thomas Thacber. 1 4 i VI. The Earliest Book Catalogue printed in this country. AMONG the books of the Prince Collection, now in the keeping of the Boston Public Library, is a pamphlet bound up together with a Catalogue of Harvard College Library (1723).* It contains a list of books previously belonging to a New England minister, and offered for sale by a bookseller in Boston more than two hundred years ago. Considerable interest attaches to the pamphlet from the fact that it is the earliest known instance in this country of a printed catalogue of books advertised for sale. About one thousand titles, mostly in Latin, are given ; and of these perhaps two hundred are in English, which include not more than six or eight American ones. The titles are arranged in the pamphlet both by subjects and by the size of the volumes (folios, quartos, etc.), but without date or place of publication ; and the general character of the works is furnished by the titlepage, of which a fac-simile is given at the end of this Chapter. The following books therein mentioned had Boston imprints, as they can be easily identified : " A New England Confession of Faith," " Mather's Mystery of Christ," " Higginson's Legacy of Peace," " The Shorter Cate- chism with Exposition upon the same," " Hubbard's benefit of a well Ordered Conversation," and perhaps a few others. Here follows a collation of the Catalogue : — Titlepage, verso blank; 1, 2, " Latin Folio's Divinity"; 2, 3, "Quarto's Latin"; 3, 4, " Octavo's Latin"; 4, 5, "English Quarto's Divinity"; 5, 6, "Divinity English Octavo's"; 6, "Physical Books Folio," " Phisical Books in Quarto"; 6, 7, "Phisical Books in Octavo Latin " ; 7, 8, " Philosophy Folio's " ; 8, " Philosophy Quarto's Latin," " Philosophy in Octavo " ; 8, 9, " Mathematical, Astrological and Astronomical Folio's Latin " ; 9, " Quartos, " u English," "Astronomy English Quarto's"; 9, 10, "History Folio Latin:"; 10, "Histories in Folio English"; 11, "Histories in Octavo English," "Histories in Quarto Latin"; 11, 12, "Histories in Octavo Latin:"; 12, "School Authors in Folio," " School Authors in Quarto," "School * According to this Catalogue there was in the College Library at that time an edition of " Shakespear's Plays " (London, 1709), in six volumes. 28 Authors in Octavo"; 12, 13, "Juris Prudentia Libr." ; 13, " Misellanie Beoks"; 13, 14, "Box 21 Lat:Oct."; 14-16, " Box 22 Latin Octavo's." Headlines as follows : — 2, "Divinity Latin Folio's and Quart's " ; 3, " Divinity Quarto's Latin " ; 4, " Divinity English Folio's and Quarto's"; 5, "Divinity English Quarto's and Octavo's" ; 6, "Divinity Quarto's English & Phisical Books in Folio & Quarto Lat." ; 7, "Phisick Books Latin Octavo, and Philosophy Folio"; 8, "Philosophy Quarto and Octavo Gosmograh: and Geograph. Folio"; 9, "Mathe- matical, Astrological, Astronomical, Folio's, Quarto's Latin " ; 10, " History Latin and English. Folio"; 1 1 , u Histories Octavo English. Histories Quarto and Octavo Latin " ; 12, " Histories in Octavo Latin, School Authors Folio's & Quarto's Latin"; 13, " Miscelany Books Latin Octavo's"; 14-16, "Latin Octavo's." The border-pieces used on the titlepage, above the imprint, are similar to those often seen in the issues of Green's press, whether coming from the father in Cambridge, or from either of the sons in Boston, but very rarely seen in the issues of other printers, such as Pierce, Harris, or Allen. Under the imprint, near the bottom of the page, in Mr. Prince's well-known hand- writing, appears the following : " Mr B Green says — This was Prind by his Broth Samuel's Letter, in Boston." Bartholomew Green was a printer, as well as his brother Samuel, who died in July, 1690. Probably the mean- ing of the sentence is that Bartholomew, using his brother's type, printed the catalogue, as at the date of its publication he had a press in Boston. It is interesting to note the use of the word " letter " in the sense of " type," which was not uncommon in those early times. At the end of an Almanac for 1682 belonging to the Massachusetts Historical Society, Chief-Justice Sewall has written : " The last half Sheet was Printed w th my Letters, at Boston. S. S." During that period he had the official management of the printing-press in Boston, having been duly appointed by the General Court. The last four leaves of the Almanac, or signature, are printed with a different font of type from the other pages, which explains Se wall's memorandum. The Reverend Samuel Lee, the former owner of the library, was a native of London, where he was born in the year 1625. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, and was a Fellow in the same college, and later a Proctor in the University. For some years he was settled as the minister of an independent church at Newington Green, near London. During the summer of 1686 he came to New England, in order that he might exercise more freely the functions of his office in accordance with his own sense of duty ; and in the spring of the next year he was settled over the church at Bristol, Rhode Island. Here he remained for four years, when with his family he set sail from Boston for his native land. After a stormy voyage the vessel was captured by a French privateer near the coast of Ireland, when the passengers were taken to St. Malo, in France. While his family was allowed to proceed thence to London, he was held as a captive, and died in prison some time during the month of December, 1691. 2 9 In his Magnalia (Book III. page 223), Cotton Mather speaks warmly in praise of Mr. Lee, and says of him that "hardly ever a more Universally Learned Person trod the American Strand? Two sermons preached by Mr. Lee at Bristol, on October 7, 1687, were printed in Boston soon after his death ; and one of them was " Accompany 'd with Preparatory Medita- tions, upon the Day of Judgement," by Dr. Mather. Other works by him were also published in Boston, both before and after his death. In Part I. of the Brinley catalogue of books, which were sold in New York on March 10-15, 1879, title No. 1669 is a catalogue of the Reverend Ebenezer Pemberton's library, advertised to be sold by auction in Boston on July 2, 1 71 7; and between quotation marks it is said in a note to be " perhaps the first instance in New England of a printed catalogue of Books at auction," though no authority is given for the quoted line. In connection with this note I give below the advertisement of the sale of Mr. Pemberton's library, which is taken from "The Boston News-Letter," May 27, 1 71 7. In that year Commencement Day fell on July 3, and during that week the ministers and scholars generally of New England were likely to be in Boston and Cambridge. At one time Mr. Pemberton was librarian of Harvard College, and later a tutor. He was settled over the Old South Church on August 28, 1700, and died in Boston on February 13, 171 7. THere is now in the Press a Catalogue of the Library belonging to the late Reverend Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton, which is one of the most Curious and Valuable Collections of Books, that has been yet seen among us, which Catalogue may be had at Mr. Samuel Gerrish Bookseller's Shop in Cornhill near the Brick-Meeting-house, Boston, And it is proposed to Sell the said Books in the Commencement Week, July next. It may be proper to add that the Pemberton pamphlet was by no means " the first instance in New England of a printed catalogue of Books at auction." The two following advertisements are taken from " The Boston News-Letter," February 13, 171 5, and May 14, 1716, respectively, and they give earlier instances : — A Valuable Collection of Books, consisting of Divinity, Physick, Mathematicks, History, Classicks, Belles Letters, in Latin, English and French, to be Sold by Publick Vendue or Auction, at the Crown Coffee-House in Boston, beginning Thursday 23d Instant at Two a Clock Afternoon precisely ; they may be seen 3 Days before at Mr. Moffatt's Ware-House on the Dock, where Printed Catalogues may be had gratis. A Valuable Collection of Books & Pamphlets, Consisting of Divinity, History, Classicks, Physick, Poetry, Mathematicks, &c. in several Languages : To be Sold by Publick Vendue or Auction at the House of Mr. Rowland Dyke at the Sign of the Royal Exchange in King- Street, Boston : Beginning on Tuesday the 29th Instant at Three a Clock afternoon. To be seen at the said House from Wednesday in the preceding Week to the day of Sale ; Where Printed Catalogues may be had gratis. Book catalogues printed in New England before the Revolution are now rare, but references to them are often found in the newspapers of 3Q that period. The following advertisement, taken from " The New-England Courant" (Boston), September 28, 1724, is an instance in point: — The Library of the Reverend and Learned John Leveret, late President of Harvard College in Cambridge, being a fine Collection of very valuable Books of Divinity, Philosophy, Law, &c. is to be sold by Auction in Boston, the Day of October next. The Catalogue will be printed as soon as possible, and given out by S. Gerrish and D. Henchman, Booksellers, near the Brick Meeting-House in Cornhill. The four following advertisements are taken from " The New-England Weekly Journal " (Boston) of the respective dates as given at the end of each one : — On Thursday next the 14th. Instant will be Sold by publick Vendue at the Royal Exchange Tavern, a Choice and Valuable Collection of Books printed Catalogues with the Conditions of Sale, may be had at Mr. Eliot's Shop. November n, 1728. A Collection of very valuable Books, English, French, Latin, &c. To be Sold by Vendue at the Royal Exchange in Boston, on Thursday next the 23d Instant, at Three a Clock, P. M. The Books may be seen the Day before the Sale at the same Place, where Catalogues may be had gratis, as also at Mr. Benj Elliot's Shop in King-street. January 20, 1729. To be Sold by Vendue, at the House of Thomas Fleet, at the Sign of the Heart and Crown in Cornhill, Boston, a good Collection of Books, consisting of Divinity, Philosophy, Classical Learning, &c. The sale of which is design'd to begin on Wednesday the 7 th of April next, at 4 P. M Printed Catalogues may be had at Mr. Henchman's Shop, and at the Place of Sale, where the Books may be seen, three Days before the Auction begins. March 29, 1731. There is just Arrived from London, a Large Collection of Valuable & Curious Books, Consisting of most Faculties, and in several languages, Catalogues may be had at Messieurs Henchman and Hancock's Shops (Booksellers in Boston) against Thursday next. N.B. The Books are mostly New, and in good Condition, and will be Sold very Cheap. June 21, 1731. Another instance is found in " The Boston Weekly News-Letter," May 22, 1 740, as follows : — THIS Day being the 2 2d Instant, at Three o'Clock Afternoon will be exposed to Sale a Collection of curious and valuable Books, being the Library of the late Reverend and Learned Mr. Peter Thacher of Boston, deceased, at the Dwelling House of the said Deceased, in Bennet-Street near Dr. Cutler's Church. The Sale to continue Die in Diem till all the Books are Sold. The Price is marked at the beginning of each Book. Catalogues may be had Gratis at the Place of sale, and at the Printing House in Queen-Street. The Reverend Peter Thacher, whose library is here advertised, was a grandson of Thomas Thacher, the author of the earliest medical treatise printed in this country, which is described in the preceding Chapter. He was brought up under the ministrations of Samuel Willard, mentioned in Chapter III.; and in 1720 he was settled as minister over the New North Church. 3i The following notice of a booksale is taken from " The Massachusetts Gazette: and the Boston Weekly News-Letter," April 8, 1773: — On Wednesday, 5th May, at nine o'Clock in the Morning, will be Sold by Public Vendue, at the Auction-Room in Queen-street, a very large and valuable Collection of Books, being the Library of a Gentleman deceas'd. j§gg~ Printed Catalogues will be delivered in Season by J. Russell, Auctioneer. Still another advertisement is found in " The Boston-Gazette, and Country Journal," Supplement, May 17, 1773, as follows: — The LIBRARY of Sir Francis Bernard, CONSISTING of a very large and valuable Collection of Books, will be sold very cheap at private Sale, at the Shop lately occupied by Mr. Fleeming, opposite the South Door of the Town-House, from Monday the 24th to Friday the 28th Instant, inclusive. Gentlemen who may incline to purchase, are desired to apply within that Time, as the Sale will not be continued longer. Catalogues may be had of Edes and Gill. These extracts from the advertising columns of early newspapers — and they are by no means exhaustive — show that printed catalogues for the sale of books at that period were common; but specimens of them to-day are very scarce. There is on the shelves of the Massachusetts Historical Society a copy of " A Catalogue of Mein's Circulating Library ; consisting of above Twelve Hundred Volumes, in most Branches of polite Literature, Arts and Sci- ences" (pp. 57), which was printed in the year 1765. Among all the books mentioned in the catalogue there is only one work bearing an American imprint, viz., "The American Magazine," published in Boston, 1 743-1 745. It is interesting to note that in the list there is a copy of " Shakespear's Works" (London, 1762) in eight volumes. The proprietor of the Circulat- ing Library was " John Mein, Bookseller, at the London Book-store, Second Door above the British Coffee- House, North-side of King-Street, Boston." He was a Scotchman by birth, and had come to New England in the autumn of 1 764. Soon afterward he became associated in business with another Scotchman, John Fleming, a printer by trade, whose name is some- times written Fleeming ; and in connection with their other affairs Mein published " The Boston Chronicle," which Fleming printed. In Part IV. of the Brinley catalogue of books, sold in New York on November 15-18, 1886, title No. 8024 is a bookseller's catalogue (pp. 24) issued about the year 1734 by T. Cox, Boston. He was a book dealer from England, who discontinued his business here in 1744. V I LIBRARY o p The Late Reverend and Learned Mr. Samuel Lee. CONTAINING A Choice Variety of Books upon all Subje&s? vatticuMy, Co-men- taries on ike BiWc ; Soviet o{ Divr*tty. The Work* as well of tAe Ancitnt, as of th« Jtfoclem Divmcsj Treat ifes on the Matneniaticks inallrarfc: Htftery, An^ouiaej; Natural Wilofo^y PHyftcLana Cffvymifffy; WVtK. Crxtnwxr xnd Sc\ocl'Bock$ Vfith. many more Choice 'Boohs not mentioned in this CaUfogue * Expoltd at the moft *Eafv Juries, io Safe, Sy tffc&Jetf, Book- fetter at 'the Xhe/ytmjover'i&falk the Cbnefait. ||| Ai^Ftmtecifa^^n^i»i^//Book-/c))er at tne TkckAood wet* g4tV* the Conduit, ity. VII. Bonner^ Map of Boston. THE map of Boston, made in the year 1722 from a drawing by Captain John Bonner, will always have great interest for the local antiquary, as it is the earliest map of the town which gives the sites of the public buildings, as well as the names of the streets, alleys, wharves, etc. The size of the plate is about 23^ inches by 16% inches; and in the fac-simile given on the next leaf these dimensions are reduced by one-third. It was engraved and printed by Francis Dewing, and was first published by John Bonner and William Price. Since then it has been reprinted many times, though generally in a greatly reduced size, and often with changes and additions. About the time of its first publication an edition of the map in smaller size was brought out in London. The following advertisement, here given line for line, is found in " The Boston News-Letter," May 21, 1722: — A Curious Ingraven Map of the Town of Boston, with all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Wharffs & Houses, the like never done before, Drawn by Capt. John Bonner; and Sold by him at his House in Common Street, and also by Messieurs Bartholomew Green, in Newbury-Street, Samuel Gerrish & Daniel Henchman at their Shops in Cornhill, Boston. The Massachusetts Historical Society owns the only specimen of this map now known to be extant, but unfortunately it is not in good condi- tion. It is a copper-plate engraving, and was given to the Society, on July 26, 1838, by the family of William Taylor, a surveyor, who had died two or three years previously. In 1835 this impression was used by George Girdler Smith, an engraver, as the copy for his fac-simile plate; and some years later he wrote an account of the map, which appears in the Proceedings (VI. 35, 36) of the Massachusetts Historical Society for June, 1862. 36 In the impression of this map, published by Mr. Smith, Bonner's age is given in the left upper corner as 60 years. Other impressions from the same plate were struck off in 1867, and again in 1894 f° r "Maps of the Street-lines of Boston, made for the Selectmen in 181 9 and 1820, by John Groves Hales," published by the City Registrar, where the map appears at the end of the volume. These various impressions all give the age as 60 years. While the first figure of the number in the original engraving is somewhat indistinct, according to my judgment his age should read 80 instead of 60; and in the reproduction I have so called it. This reading is confirmed by an obituary notice of Captain Bonner, which appears in "The Boston News-Letter," February 3, 1726, as follows: — On the Lords Day Morning last [January 30], Died here Capt. John Bonner, in the 84th. Year of his Age, and was Decently Interred on Tuesday following. He was a Gentleman very Skillful and Ingenious in many Arts and Sciences j especially in Navigation, Drawing, Moulding of Ships, &>c. One of the best acquainted with the Coasts of North America, of any of his time ; of great Knowledge and Judgment in Marine Affairs ; was very much consulted, improved and relyed upon by the Government as a Principal Pilate, in our Marine Expeditions ; and with diligent Care and Faithfulness discharged his Trust. In short, He was brave, hardy, healthy, sober, industrious, honest, goodnatur'd, as well as Religious j and much belov'd by all that knew him. By his 2d. Wife, who was a Daughter of the Famous Elder Clark of Cambridge, He had several Children ; a Son and a Daughter only Surviving. In the original map, which is somewhat imperfect, I do not find any building (" Writing School ") marked that corresponds to the letter " e " in the " Explanation " ; but there is reason to think that it stood somewhere in the neighborhood of King (State) Street. On June 29, 171 7, "a Comittee or Trustees of a certain publick Stock of money appropriated for the use of a new writing School to be Erected in Boston," bought land and building of Colonel Samuel Browne, of Salem, situated on the east side of Merchants' Row. It was bounded northerly on a passage leading to Belcher's Wharf, easterly on the wharf and shed of Andrew and Jonathan Belcher, southerly on the warehouse of Henry Deering. Without doubt this was the site of the Writing School, but unfortunately the letter " e " marking the place has now disappeared from the map. The Massachusetts Historical Society has also a manuscript plan, made in the year 1 714 by Captain Bonner, which shows a part of the water-front of the town of Boston, with the wharves from Long Wharf to Windmill Point, and the names of the owners ; and it shows also that portion of the "Old Wharf" which extended from the South Battery to Long Wharf, and gives the depth of water in the channel " in footes," to use Bonner's expression. The plan is interesting, as it represents at that period the appearance of the warehouses on Long Wharf, as seen from the South Battery. The measurements of the sheet are 18 inches by inches. A fac-simile of the manuscript is given in the Proceedings (VII. 477) of the Society for September, 1864. VIII. The Earliest Print of Harvard College. THE following reproduction of a View of Harvard College is taken from an old engraving owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society, and now supposed to be unique. The original print was given to the Society at the quarterly meeting held on October 27, 1795, when, according to the Proceedings (I. 89), "a View of the ancient Halls of Harvard, Stoughton, and Massachusetts" was received from Colonel William Scollay. The print was framed, but not protected by glass in front, and in this con- dition for more than eighty years it hung in one of the rooms. It was on panel, and in the course of time the wood had become so much warped and cracked that another engraving was exposed underneath. On carefully removing the outer print from its back, the inner one was found to be in colors and from substantially the same copperplate, though not identical with the other print, showing an earlier impression which is here repro- duced. After many inquiries I cannot find that there is another copy extant, though I should be glad to hear of one. The outer print was after- ward repaired and placed again in the old frame, while the inner one was put in a new frame. The engraving bears no date, but the time of its first appearance is known only from the following advertisement in "The Boston News- Letter," July 14, 1726, here given line for line: — THIS Day is Published a Prospect of the Colleges in Cam- bridge in New England, curiously Engraven in Copper; and are to be sold at Mr. Price's Print-seller, over against the Town- House, Mr. Randal Jappaner in Ann- Street, by Mr. Stedman in Cambridge, and the Booksellers of Boston. In the centre foreground of the View is a dedication to the Honorable William Dummer, at that time Acting Governor of the Province. Begin- ning on the left side of the engraving, the buildings are : — (I.) Harvard Hall, built in 1677, and burned in 1764, which occupied nearly the same site as the present building of that name; (II.) Stoughton Hall, built in 1700, and I 38 taken down in 1780, which occupied a position considerably in front of University Hall ; and (III.) Massachusetts Hall, built in 1720, still standing and familiar to all graduates. In the engraving the students appear in the college yard as wearing the academic gown, though in the reproduction this attire is not shown to good advantage. As indicative of the pomp of that period, the coach of the Governor with footmen behind, drawn by four horses, is represented in the foreground rattling along the street, while two mounted officers salute with drawn swords as they pass. On Harvard Hall is a steeple, surmounted by a vane bearing the inscription, " H. C. 1639," which indicates probably the year when the college went into operation. The Class of 1642 was the earliest one to graduate. In "New Englands First Fruits" (London, 1643) are nine pages (12-20) "In respect of the Colledge, and the proceedings of Learn- ing therein," which give a good deal of interesting matter about the begin- nings of the institution. According to this publication, the curriculum at that early period called for only a three-years' course on the part of the students, though there is reason to think that even then some of them took a four-years' course. It is not improbable that the change in the curriculum was made soon after the charter was given in 1650. The cut of Harvard Hall, as seen in President Quincy's History (I. 43), is copied from this View, though the building, as there given, is turned par- tially round so that it faces the beholder. According to Thomas Pember- ton, in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (second series, I. 87), its dimensions were "forty-two feet broad, ninety-nine feet long, and four stories high." The horizontal line through the centre of the reproduction is due to a defect in the original engraving, caused by the cracking of the panel on which long ago, it had been pasted ; but now it is protected by frame and glass. "Mr. Stedman in Cambridge" who sold the Views was John Stedman, an innholder and shopkeeper of that period. More than fifteen years after the publication of the engraving, certainly as late as 1743, the same copper-plate, considerably changed in the letter- ing, was used for other impressions. In the right upper corner of the print are twenty-two lines giving a brief history of the college, brought down to the year 1739; and in the legend below is advertised "a large new South east Prospect of the Great Town of Boston," which is known to have been issued in 1743. This impression of the plate was dedicated to the Honorable Spencer Phipps, Lieutenant Governor of the Province. There is a copy of the second issue owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society, which has already been alluded to ; and another copy in the library of Harvard College, though that one is in very poor condition. 39 The size of the earlier impression from the plate is 24.% inches in length, and 19 inches in width, though this measurement does not include the legend below,, but it takes in the dedication. The corresponding size of the later impression is 24^ inches and 18% inches; and the diminu- tion in the measurements, here noted, may well be due to the shrinkage in paper, and to the process of its removal from the panel. In "The Columbian Magazine " (Philadelphia) for December, 1788, is a " View of the ancient Buildings belonging to Harvard-College, Cambridge, New England," which accompanies a short history of the institution. The engraving was taken from the second issue of this plate, but it does not give the foreground of the original View, nor the students within the college yard; and it is much reduced in size. In "The Massachusetts Magazine" (Boston) for June, 1790, is another "View of the Colleges, at Cambridge, Massachusetts," which is somewhat similar to the older engraving, but it was taken from an original draw- ing, and was accompanied by a "Description of the Colleges." It shows Massachusetts Hall, Harvard Hall, and Hollis Hall, and Holden Chapel, and makes a good representation of those buildings, as they are remem- bered now by the older graduates of the college. I IX. A Plot of Cambridge Common, 1784. DURING a long period of years it was the custom at Harvard College for members of the Senior class to prepare mathematical theses, which were presented to the Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phi- losophy for his examination and criticism, and also to a Committee of the Overseers; and presumably they were marked like any other academic exercise. There are now in the College Library more than four hundred such theses, prepared by the students between the years 1782 and 1839; and a list of them was printed in 1888, which is found in No. 32 of the "Bibliographical Contributions," published by the Library, — though I doubt the statement made on the titlepage of the number, that members of the Junior class took part in the exercises. These papers are mainly astronomical or mathematical in their subjects, though they also comprise surveys of land and perspective views of buildings ; and a few relate to natural philosophy. Some of the buildings are elaborately drawn in water colors, and the various features are given in close detail. I am of the opinion that this exercise was given to the students with reference to their degree for graduation, but on this point I am not sure. From time to time I have heard of similar papers in the possession of persons who have inherited them from members of their own family, who were graduates. Why a few of them should still be in private hands, while most of them are in the possession of the College, I do not understand. I am led to make this statement by the fact that at the present time there is in my possession : " A Plot of Cambridge Common with a View of the Roads, & a principal part of the Buildings thereon," which was drawn in water colors by my grandfather, Joshua Green, Class of 1784, a son of Joshua Green, Class of 1749. It was given to me, when I was an undergraduate, — now more than fifty years ago, — by my father, Joshua Green, Class of 1818; and I have always understood that it was an exercise in connection with the first degree at college. 42 The Plot has been thought of sufficient interest for reproduction in these pages, so that a comparison can be made between the college build- ings of 1726 and those of nearly sixty years later. The main drawing is on a large sheet of paper, 2 feet and 2 inches in length, and 1 foot and 63^ inches in width. It represents Cambridge Common with its various angles and the several roads running across it, besides the dwelling houses and other buildings facing it. Presumably all the structures then fronting on the Common are represented. In the group of college buildings at the bottom of the Plot the original Stoughton Hall appears, which I do not fully understand, as, according to President Quincy's History (I. 180), the building was taken down in the year 1780, though Dr. Abiel Holmes, in his " History of Cambridge," says that 1781 was the date. (Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, VII. 5.) Stoughton Hall in the drawing appears without window-sashes, as if it were in process of being dismantled. Is it probable that the sketch was made by my grandsire in the early years of his college life ; or that, when he was about to graduate, he took it from an old copy? Dr. Holmes, writing in the year 1800, says: — "A little to the west- ward of the Episcopal church is the grammar school-house ; where a town school is kept through the year" {Ibid). This schoolhouse and the church are both shown in the drawing ; and the dwelling near the southeast corner of the sketch was probably intended for Dr. Holmes's residence, where his son, the distinguished " Autocrat of the Breakfast Table " was born. The house was taken down in September, 1884. It is not claimed that these buildings are drawn with strict accuracy or with mathematical precision, as the artist was in no sense a skilled draftsman, but only an average college student. This allowance must be made when judgment on the work is given. The Plot is accompanied on a separate sheet by " a Plan of the Colleges with the Land adjoining," etc., which gives a view of the buildings, though without Stoughton Hall. The dimensions of the Plan are 19^ inches long, and 10^ wide. In the reproduction of these two drawings (the Plot and the Plan) here given, the size is reduced a little more than one half. Besides the Plot and the Plan, just mentioned, are two small drawings, both in water colors, which are reproduced in full size, on the second page of the heliotype, over the Plan. One drawing represents a group of houses, which appear in the Plot, separately, round the Common ; and the other represents the Episcopal church. Perhaps the young artist was trying his skill in drawing before he gave these buildings a permanent place in his work. X Butler's Map of Groton, Massachusetts. THE General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts passed a Resolve, on March i, 1830, requiring the city of Boston and all towns within the State to make accurate Plans of their several municipali- ties, and to lodge them in the Secretary's office, on or before July 1, 1831. The Resolve sets forth in much detail the facts to be given on such Plans; and among them are the following : — the names and courses of rivers and brooks; roads, public and private; the situation of meeting-houses and other public buildings; the distance of the town "from the Metropolis of the Commonwealth"; "the length and the course by the magnetic needle (noting its variation from the true North) of the boundary lines of the town or district"; bridges, ponds, and hills; the scale on which the plans should be taken, and the time when the actual survey was made; besides many other particulars not worth while here to specify. In accordance with this Resolve a plan of the town of Groton, Massa- chusetts, was made by Caleb Butler, Esq., in his day a noted surveyor of the neighborhood. Under a vote of the town, passed on March 6, 1832, the map from this survey was published; but copies of it are now so scarce and hard to find in libraries that I have thought best to give a reproduction in this book, though in reduced size. The dimensions of the original map are 2 feet 4 inches by 2 feet 6 inches; and in the fac- simile given on the next leaf a reduction of three- fifths is made in the size. The plan will have an interest for certain persons who can remember the time when the map was originally made, and who can now recall the families then living in the town. In this respect it differs from the other reproductions given in the volume, of which now all reminiscence of the period when they were first issued has entirely disappeared. 44 It is well to bear in mind that in former years Groton relatively was a much more important town in the Commonwealth than it is at present. At the time of the first national census in 1790, Groton was in population the second town in Middlesex County, Cambridge alone surpassing it. To-day, besides eleven cities in the county, there are 24 other towns larger in population and 18 towns smaller. In order to give the inhabitants of Groton their proper rank in public affairs they should be weighed and not counted ; and by this standard it would be found that the town had not diminished in relative importance. Salve, magna parens. G RO TOM, "s\\ Y> V> \ As'S «X Q ^> V, \ rj . /■•mom a sluvey m.iujs wiw yiurs ts?S * 1829 ky CAI^Klt BUTI.KR. S$Ji VJiiOK. rcndlftotri l.ttlii>]f i n phv.. Hvsu.u In t£J£ nt/iniil iir/.v tntttle /> /Stan ll'intltjo/j S elliers i>/' eialtl mitts square at a //lure culled I'ettu/juwetf ,/i'r tt I'laiitutt't'it tt> l>e i ,illi tt Oii ati'ii Jit I6'.i(i leave nits given te vast a little Jrotn u st/tuirr lit l6'.tS> there were Jbur m lit e Jam Hits settled, in liretni . inl6'fi'i! the surrey mis eoiitfileted In ./tviatltan. lian/erfj/ . In tTAX Ftepperretl unit Shirley m re em it srr aff ' S Inerr/teratedaj separate lim its . In I860 (frvton contained. 1926 InMabtfatOt /// IS.il u etm > -tuined 29A Uu rUmq Houses _ 3 Grist Mills _ / Sun Mills _ flf 1 fulling -Mill _ / St are It Faeteny _ .i Taverns. J Stores. It contauu 2J3A1 Aeres tj Land . 600 eovered with watrr. 420 ' JbrKlads. btiuy .'l~? miles lent/tit _ Utslanrrfrtm Ration 34 miles . Scale of IOO p., „ts l() ;ui i,,,.,, H ...nr f y BOSTON COLLEGE 01289874 8 DOES WOT CIRCULATE Boston College Library Chestnut Hill 67, Mass. 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