THF OF OUR uucing the R I N fi NATIONAL ! OU^ADY OF LA 1PSW1€H. MASSACHUSETTS "Come near, my chil- dren, do not be afraid, I am here to tell you great news." Imprimi potest: Denis P. Monahan, M.S. Provincial Superior Nihil obstat: Hugh F. Blunt, LL.D. Censor Librorum Imprimatur: © Richard J. Cushing, D.E Archbishop of Boston First Edition Second Edition Third Edition Fourth Edition Fifth Edition March 25, 1951 Easter Sundav -1951— 50,000 -1952— 50,000 -1953— 75,000 -1954—100,000 -1955—125,000 THE APPARITION OF OUR LADY OF LA SALETTE On September 19, 1846, the Mother of God appeared high in the Alps of France, near the village of LaSalette. The wit- nesses of the event were Maximin Giraud and Melanie Mathieu, eleven and four- teen years of age respectively. The chil- dren first noticed the "Beautiful Lady" as she was seated on a stone, weeping. An intense light surrounded her. She arose and came toward the children, saying: "Come near, my children, do not be afraid. I am here to tell you great news." They ran to meet her. Then, she went on: 1 i If my people will not submit, I shall be forced to let go the hand of my Son. It is so strong, so heavy, that I can no longer withhold it. How long a time do I suffer for you! If I would not have my Son abandon you, I am compelled to pray to Him without ceasing. And, as to you, you take no heed of it. However much you pray, however much you do, you will never recompense the pains I have taken for you. "Six days have I given you to labor, the seventh I have kept for myself; but it is not given to me. This is what makes the hand of my Son so heavy. Those who drive the carts cannot swear without in- troducing the name of my Son. These 1 are the two things which make the hand of my Son so heavy. If the harvest is spoiled, it is all on your account. I gave you warning last year in the potatoes, but you did not heed it. On the contrary, when you found the potatoes spoiled, you swore, you took the name of my Son in vain. They will continue to decay, so that by Christmas there will be none left. ' 'If you have wheat, it is useless to sow it; all that you sow, the insects will eat. What comes up will fall into dust when you thresh it. 1 * There will come a great famine. Before the famine comes, the children under seven years of age will be seized with trembling and will die in the hands of those who hold them; and others will do penance by the famine. The walnuts will become worm-eaten, the grapes will rot. If people are converted, the stones and the rocks will be changed into heaps of wheat and the potatoes will be self- sown. ' i Do you say your prayers well, my children?" she asked. They had to reply: "Oh, no, Madame, not very well." "Now, my children," she went on, "you must be sure to say them well, morning and evening; when you cannot do better, say at least an Our Father and a Hail Mary. But when you have time, say more. "There are none who go to Mass but a few aged women ; the rest work on Sunday all summer, and in the winter, when they do not know what to do, they go to Mass 2 just to mock at religion. During Lent, they go to the market like dogs. "Have you ever seen wheat that is spoiled, my children?" Maximin replied: "No, Madame, I have never seen any." "But, my child," she continued, "you must surely have seen some once, with your father, near Coin. The master of the field told your father to go and see his ruined wheat. You were both together. You took two or three of the ears into your hands and rubbed them and they just fell into dust ; and then you returned home. When you were still half an hour's distance from Corps, your father gave you a piece of bread and said to you; 'Here, my child, eat some bread this year at least; I don't know who will eat any next year, if the wheat goes on like that'." Maximin replied: "Oh, yes, Madame, I remember now, just this moment; I did not recall." Having shown through this incident her maternal solicitude for us even in the details of our daily life, Our Blessed Mother concluded her visit with these words: "Now, my children, you will make this known to all my people." As she turned and walked a short distance, she repeated these final words. Then she stopped, ascended about a yard in the air and disappeared. That evening, when the children re- turned home, they told what had hap- pened. The first visitors to the scene remarked that a spring had arisen where Our Weeping Mother's feet had rested. 3 QUOTES FROM ALL THE POPES SINCE THE APPARITION "The Shrine of LaSalette is of great authen- ticity and is destined to have a future. I love this devotion and shall be glad to see it spread." Pope Pius IX u With all my heart, I bless LaSalette and everything that pertains to LaSalette." Pope Leo Xm Pope Pius X gave to LaSalette and its bene- factors his most copious blessings. "The devotion of Our Lady of LaSalette ought to spread, for it is a devotion that goes straight to the heart." Pope Benedict XV "Our Lady of LaSalette is to you a kind Providence." — Pope Pius XI. Our present Holy Father has written: "It can be easily understood that your Religious Family should particularly take to heart the Centenary celebration of the blessed afternoon, the 19th of September, 1846, when the Madonna in Tears came to adjure her children to enter reso- lutely the path of conversion to her Divine Son, and of reparation for so many sins that offend the August and Eternal Majesty. "Very willingly do we direct our desires and encouragement to the dear Missionaries of Our Lady of LaSalette, in the easy confidence that the Most Holy Virgin will, in return, be glad to obtain for them a great abundance of graces and consolation for the fruitfulness of their ministry, now so varied and reaching to the most distant fields of the Apostolate." Pope Pius XII 4 PROGRAM FOR PILGRIMAGES HYMN: O MARY, QUEEN OF LA SALETTE O, Mary, Queen of LaSalette Draw close my heart to thee, That, near to God for evermore, I may thy beauty see. (Chorus) I long to dry thy tears, And make thy message known, Of penance, prayer and zeal, Until God calls me home. O! tearful Virgin of the Alps, Why are you weeping so? I would that I had never sinned, And made those tears to flow. (Repeat Chorus) IMMACULATE MARY L Immaculate Mary! Our hearts are on fire; That title so wondrous fills all our desire! Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! 2. We pray for God's glory, May His Kingdom come; We pray for His Vicar, Our Father, and Rome. Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! 3. We pray for our Mother, the Church upon earth, And bless, sweetest Lady, the land of our birth. Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! 4. O Mary! O Mother! Reign o'er us once more: Be all lands thy "dowry" as in days of yore. Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! Ave, Ave, Ave Maria! 5 TO JESUS HEART ALL BURNING 1. To Jesus Heart all burning With fervent love for men, My heart with fondest yearning Shall raise the joyful strain. ( Chorus ) While ages course along, Blest be with loudest song The Sacred Heart of Jesus By ev'ry heart and tongue, The Sacred Heart of Jesus By ev'ry heart and tongue. 2. O Heart for me on fire, With love no man can speak, My yet untold desire, God gives me for Thy sake. (Repeat chorus) HYMN TO THE HOLY NAME 1. O Holy Name of Majesty and Power, O Sacred Name of God's own Son. In every joy and every weary hour, Be Thou our strength until life's war is won. ( Chorus ) Fierce is the fight for God and the right. Sweet name of Jesus, in Thee is our might. 2. All o'er the earth the hearts of men are dying, Chilled by the storms of greed and strife; All o'er the land rebellion's flag is flying, Threatening our altars and the nation's life. (Repeat chorus) ^ZCT >r TKT' ^(T' ^DCT >r tMT' ^XT" NOVENA PRAYERS FIRST DAY In casting myself at thy feet, O loving Mother, to ask thee: (here mention your request), I cannot help remembering that thou earnest on the mountain of LaSalette, first of all, to remind me of my Christian duties. Therefore, there is no surer way for me to have my petition granted, than to return to the friendship of Jesus, by a sincere confession, and to endeavor, with my whole strength, to overcome my besetting sin. O Virgin Reconciler of sinners, obtain for me this most precious of all graces, for, with it all the rest shall be added unto me. The numberless miracles obtained by those who invoke thee under the title of Our Lady of LaSalette, fill my heart with hope that my petition shall prove as fortunate as those addressed to thee, by so m#ny other sup- pliants. Vouchsafe, O Mother, during each day of my novena, to instill into my heart some of the teachings of thy merci- ful Apparition. Practice: Consecrate yourself to Our Lady of LaSalette (See Page 20 ). 7 SECOND DAY O sorrowful Mother, why those tears shed in the wild solitude, on the rock which thou madest for a while thy earthly throne? My child, happy would I be, if my grief should inspire you with a heart-felt sor- row for your sins, and with a firm resolu- tion to lead a better life! The land of your heart, as the Prophet says, is made desolate, because of your love for the world and its empty pleasures, because of your f orgetfulness to meditate upon the most important truths of faith, i.e., your last end, together with the dreadful con- sequences, both here and hereafter, of your thoughtlessness. Retire into solitude and there my Son will speak to your heart, and will breathe into your soul the proper means of securing your salvation. O Mother, the motives that urge me to mingle my tears with thine are innumer- able. I will not resist Jesus' call any longer. Henceforth, with thy powerful aid, my thoughts, words and actions shall correspond to the wishes of the Divine Heart of Jesus. Practice: Recite ten Hail Marys and ten invocations to Our Lady of LaSalette to ask for a deep hatred of sin. (See Page 19). 8 THIRD DAY What, O Mother, is the meaning of the bright cross which shines upon thy breast? Why this stream of tears trickling down thy heavenly face and rolling over the golden cross on which they are burnt away as on a fire of love? My child,was your soul never defiled by a mortal sin? Did you never scoff at my Son, thus crucifying anew your Saviour and your God? Is not the cross, that sacred emblem of salvation, scornfully banished from all the places where it used once to stand in honor? Such iniquities should be washed away by tears of blood! Strive, therefore, to appease my Son's wrath and to mitigate His vengeance. Stand in fear that the Sacred Blood which once flowed on Calvary, should now fall revengefully upon your head, and the heads of those you hold dearest in this world! Dread that you should be deserted by God! Contemplate Jesus on His Cross. Humbly adore Him and pour forth your most heart-felt thanks at His feet Re- member that, with Him, there is a remedy for every evil. There is no virtue but finds in Him a perfect model. Bear His cross on your breast, but chiefly in your heart. And in return, heaven shall be your reward. Practice: Kneel before a crucifix and say an act of contrition for your sins. 9 FOURTH DAY The witnesses of thy Apparition, O sweet Mother, vie with each other in telling me of the extreme simplicity of thy dress, and the modesty of thy looks. What a lesson for my pride and vanity, to behold thee clothed with a common gown, a simple neckerchief, a humble apron, and a cap completely covering thy ears and thy hair. Who could but admire thy carefulness in concealing thy angelic face from the eyes of the small boy? No, sorrowful Mother, thou couldst not more forcibly reprove pride, luxuriousness and sensuality, the allurements of which make numberless victims, both in this world and in the next. Help me, O Mother, to fly from the world and its distractions; to lead an interior life in order to become like Saint Paul, i 'the good odor of Christ unto God." Help me to understand better that, to keep my heart pure, I must en- deavor to be humble, to love mortification and to shun the sinful pleasures of the world. Practice: Recite the Litany of Our Lady of LaSalette (See Page 16). 10 FIFTH DAY The flood of thy tears at LaSalette, O sorrowful Mother, ceased only with thy words, as the little shepherdess said. And it was also noticed that thou didst weep more abundantly, while speaking of our greatest sins, i.e., blasphemy, profanation of the Lord's day, violation of the laws of fast and abstinence, rebellion against God and His Church, indifference in re- gard to thy super-natural warnings, and ingratitude for thy gifts and thy love. Let thy tear-bedewed face always be before my eyes, that it may soften my heart, and impart to it the grace of a true repentance! And to prove that I am heartily sorry for my sins, I will, from this day, spare no effort to combat the great crimes with which thou didst reproach us in thy Apparition. Practice: Make a sacrifice in reparation for the sins of mankind. ll SIXTH DAY Do you pray well, my child? . . . You should pray well morning and evening. You know what my Son says about prayer in His Gospel: 11 We ought always to pray, and not to faint," i.e., not to be faint- hearted in prayer. 4 4 For without me," that is, without my grace, "you can do nothing" meritorious for heaven. Re- member that grace is granted only through prayer. "But," says my Son, "if you ask the Father anything in My name, He will give it to you." Ask, there- fore, with a pure and righteous heart, confidently, submissively, perseveringly, "and you shall receive." Prayer is the key of the heavenly treasures. The cry of your misery goes up to God, and mercy descends forthwith. If, then, you wish to be a saint, be a lover of prayer. I myself pray incessantly for you in heaven. — sweet Mother, help me to understand the deep meaning of these few words! 1 will never forget that prayer is a neces- sity for the human heart, and the happi- ness of life. Practice: Examine yourself to see how you say your daily prayers. 12 SEVENTH DAY Who would imagine, O loving Mother, that man is so wicked and so careless about his own welfare, as to turn into a deadly poison for his soul what God, in His infinite mercy, intended for his sal- vation, and for his greatest happiness. And yet, this is exactly what we learn from one of thy maternal reproaches: "They go to Mass," sayest thou, i i only to scoff at religion!" Alas! how many Catholics are there, who keep entirely away from the church? And if they do go, their evil dispositions make them all the more guilty. How many poor sinners are there, who, instead of going to the sacred fountains of the Sacra- ments to quench the fire of their unruly passions, scornfully disdain these divine gifts and sacrilegiously profane them! Would to God that, with thy all powerful help, I should never defile my soul with a sacrilege. My confessions shall always be as sincere as I would have them when my last day comes. Henceforth , my respectful behavior in assisting at Mass, will prove my tender love and my pro- found esteem for His holy Sacrifice. Practice: Attend Holy Mass and re- ceive Holy Communion. 13 EIGHTH DAY O loving Mother, how vividly real do the secrets of thy maternal heart appear in thy merciful Apparition! How greatly they increase and strengthen my confi- dence in thee! O amiable Mother, how mercifully thou bearest the rebukes en- countered in thy endeavors to bring back to God the hearts of thy erring children. One may remain deaf to the call of thy love and engaging goodness; but he will yield to thy tears. For the tears of a mother go straight to the heart and melt it. But, as regards those whose hardened hearts despise even thy tears, thou hast awful threats and terrible chastisements in store for them. Yet, even then, how much like those of a mother are thy re- proofs and punishments! With one hand thou strikest, while with the other thou upholdest. Even when we go astray, thy watchful and maternal eyes follow us in the minutest details of life, to detect the slightest good sentiments of our hearts, in order to reward them. Who would not strive to inflame every heart with love and respect for thee? Practice: Speak to one of your friends or acquaintances of Our Lady of LaSalette. 14 NINTH DAY The days of my novena have come to an end, and I have hardly begun to meditate upon the teachings of thy Apparition. How solacing for our wearied hearts to contemplate thee and to pour forth our humble prayers at thy feet! Hours spent with thee are but as instants which pass with a flight as rapid as that of the lightning flash. But, as thou didst once say to the shepherds enraptured by thy sight: "Well, my children, you will make this known to all my people"; so now thou addressest me with the same warning: Well, my child, you will make my teach- ings known to all my people. Love re- joices to express itself by sacrifices and devotedness. Teach, then, all those about you the necessity of serving God. Make known to them the religious observances, and the delight found in the service of God. And, to fulfill this sacred duty, meditate upon the teachings of my Apparition. O my child, let your heart be inflamed like that of your Mother with the fire of holy zeal for God's glory! Remember that by edifying your fellow- creatures, and procuring their salvation, you secure your own. Yes! heaven is the prize! Practice: Make the Stations of the Cross for the souls in Purgatory. 15 LITANY OF OUR LADY OF LA SALETTE Our Lady of LaSalette, Mother of God, pray for us. Our Lady of LaSalette, Queen and Mother of men, pray for us. Our Lady of LaSalette, Messenger of Divine Mercy, pray for us. Our Lady of LaSalette, all-powerful suppliant, pray for us. Thou who restrainest the arm of the Lord angered against us, pray for us. Thou who sheddest so many tears on account of our sins and misfortunes, pray for us. Thou who carest so much for us, in spite of all our ingratitude, pray for us. Thou who dost so lovingly invite us to have recourse to thee, pray for us. Thou who dost reproach us with our violation of Sunday and with blasphemy, pray for us. Thou who dost complain so sorrowfully of the profanation of holy things, pray for us. Thou who dost so strongly recommend prayer, and especially morning and evening prayer, pray for us. Thou who dost condemn so severely our lusts and the shameful pleasures of the world, pray for us. Thou who dost remind us so touchingly of the Passion of Jesus, pray for us. 16 Thou whose apparition is a source of salvation for poor sinners, pray for us. Thou who dost invite so pressingly the just to redouble their fervor, pray for us. Thou whose prophetic menaces have so justly alarmed the world, pray for us. Thou who dost promise so many bless- ings if we become converted, pray for us. Thou who didst cause to spring up at thy feet a fountain of miraculous water, pray for us. Thou who, after the example of Jesus, dost heal every infirmity, pray for us. Thou who dost desire to be honored and invoked throughout the world, pray for us. Thou who didst cause so many works of reparation to be undertaken and to prosper, pray for us. Our Lady of LaSalette, living example of charity, pray for us. Victim of penance and expiation, pray for us. Model of modesty and simplicity, pray for us. Standard of obedience and submission, pray for us. Source of burning zeal and of the apos- tleship, pray for us. Loving Mother of the poor and of children, pray for us. Light of the blind and of the ignorant, pray for us. Consolation of the sick and of the af- flicted, pray for us. Hope of the despairing, pray for us. 17 Help of the Church militant, pray for us. Advocate of the Church suffering, pray for us. Glory of the Church triumphant, pray for us. By thy bitter complaints of men's sinfulness, render us docile to the law of thy Divine Son, Mary! By thy abundant tears, obtain for us the grace to weep over our sins, Mary! By thy motherly sufferings, obtain for us resignation in all our trials, O Mary ! By thy apparitions and thy miracles, revive the faith of thy people, Mary ! By thy mysterious looks towards Rome, make us more and more devoted to the Holy See, O Mary! By thy incomparable tenderness make us love thee more and more, O Mary! By thy ravishing beauty, make us sigh after heaven, O Mary! By thy new assumption, draw us after thee, O Mary! PRAYER Lord Jesus Christ, who, in Thy infinite mercy, didst send to us on the mountain of LaSalette Thy ever glorious Mother in order to remind us of our Christian duties, grant that, moved by her tears and docile to her warnings, we may appease in this life Thy just anger by a sincere repent- ance, and that we may merit by our good works the grace to enjoy Thee eternally in heaven. Thou who livest and reignest world without end. Amen. 18 MEMORARE TO OUR LADY OF LA SALETTE Remember, our Lady of LaSalette, true Mother of Sorrows, the tears which thou didst shed for me on Calvary; be mindful also of the unceasing care which thou dost exercise to shield me from the justice of God; and consider whether thou canst now abandon thy child, for whom thou hast done so much. Inspired by this con- soling thought, I come to cast myself at thy feet, in spite of my infidelity and in- gratitude. Reject not my prayer, O Virgin of reconciliation, convert me, obtain for me the grace to love Jesus Christ above all things and to console thee too by living a holy life, in order that one day I may be able to see thee in heaven. Amen. An indulgence of 500 days INVOCATION Our Lady of LaSalette, Reconciler of sinners, pray without ceasing for us who have recourse to thee. An indulgence of 300 days (S.P. Ap., Dec. 12, 1933) 19 CONSECRATION TO OUR LADY OF LA SALETTE Most holy Mother, Our Lady of LaSalette, who for love of me, didst shed such bitter tears in thy merciful appari- tion, look down with kindness upon me as I consecrate myself to thee without re- serve. From this day, my glory shall be to know that I am thy child. May I so live as to dry thy tears and console thy afflicted heart. Beloved Mother, to thee and to thy blessed charge and sacred keeping and into the bosom of thy mercy, for this day and for every day, and for the hour of my death I commend myself, body and soul, every hope and every joy, every trouble and every sorrow, my life and my life's end. Deign, O dearest Mother, to enlighten my understanding, to direct my steps, to console me by thy maternal protection, so that exempt from all error, sheltered from every danger of sin, strengthened against my enemies, I may, with ardor and invincible courage, walk in the paths traced out for me by thee and Thy Son. Amen. 20 CONSECRATION TO THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY O Immaculate Heart of Mary, Queen of Heaven and Earth, and tender Mother of men, I consecrate to thee my- self, my brethren, my country, and the whole human race. Reign over us and teach us how to make the Heart of Jesus reign and triumph in us and around us, as It has reigned and triumphed in thee. Reign over us, dearest Mother, that we may be thine in prosperity and in ad- versity; in joy and in sorrow; in health and in sickness; in life and in death. O most compassionate Heart of Mar>, Queen of Virgins, watch over our minds and hearts. We want to be pure like thee. We want to atone for the many crimes committed against Jesus and thee. We want to call down upon our country and the whole human race the peace of God in justice and charity. Therefore, we now promise to imitate your virtues by the practice of a Chris- tian life without regard to human re- spect. We resolve to offer to Jesus, through your Immaculate Heart, our life, just as it is, with its handicaps and weaknesses, its past mistakes and fail- ures, its talents and abilities, its joys and pleasures, its trials and sufferings. We offer all that happens every day of our life, together with all our thoughts, words and actions, in reparation for sin and for the conversion of sinners. Amen. 21 HYMN: COME HOLY GHOST Come, Holy Ghost, Creator blest, And in our hearts take up Thy rest; Come with Thy grace and heavenly aid To fill the hearts which Thou has made: To fill the hearts which Thou has made. HAIL HOLY QUEEN l. Hail! holy Queen enthron'd above, O Maria! Hail! Mother of mercy and of love, O Maria! Chorus Triumph all ye Cherubim, Sing with us, ye Seraphim, Heav'n and earth resound the hymn: Salve! Salve! Salve Regina! 2. Our life our sweetness here below, O Maria! Our hope in sorrow and in woe, O Maria! (Chorus) 3. To thee we cry, poor sons of Eve, O Maria! To thee we sigh, we mourn, we grieve, O Maria! (Chorus) 4. This earth is but a vale of tears, O Maria! A place of banishment, of fears, O Maria! (Chorus) 5. Turn then most gracious Advocate, O Maria! Toward us thine eyes compassionate, O Maria! ( Chorus ) 6. When this our exile is complete, O Maria! Show us thy womb-born Jesus sweet, O Maria! ( Chorus ) 22 BENEDICTION O salutaris Hostia! Quae coeli pandis ostium, Bella premunt hostilia, Da robur, fer auxilium. Uni trinoque Domino Sit sempiterna gloria, Qui vitam sine termino Nobis donet in patria Tan turn ergo Sacramentum Veneremur cernui, Et antiquum documentum Novo cedat ritui; Praestet fides supplementum Sensuum defectui. Genitori Genitoque Laus et jubilatio, Salus, honor, virtus quoque Sit et benedictio, Procedenti ab utroque Compar sit laudatio. Amen. V. Panem de coelo praestitisti eis. R. Omne delectamentum in se habentem. 23 HOLY GOD Holy God we praise Thy Name! Lord of all, we bow before Thee! All on earth Thy sceptre claim, All in heav'n above adore Thee: Infinite Thy vast domain, Everlasting is Thy Reign. (Repeat) Hark, the loud celestial hymn, Angel choirs above are singing! Cherubim and Seraphim, In unceasing chorus praising: Fill the heavens with sweet accord; Holy, Holy, Holy Lord. (Repeat) JESUS MY LORD Jesus, my Lord, my God, my All, How can I love Thee as I ought? And how revere this wondrous gift, So far surpassing hope and thought? ( Chorus ) Sweet Sacrament! We Thee adore. Oh, make us love Thee more and more. Had I but Mary's sinless Heart To love Thee with, my dearest King. Oh, with what bursts of fervent praise, Thy goodness, Jesus, would I sing. (Chorus) ON THIS DAY ( Chorus ) On this day, O beautiful Mother, On this day we give thee our love. Near thee, Madonna, fondly we hover, Trusting thy gentle care to prove. On this day we ask to share, Dearest Mother, thy sweet care; Aid us ere our feet astray, Wander from thy guiding way. (Chorus) 24 HUMBLY AT THY SHRINE, MARY Humbly at thy Shrine, Mary, Faithful vows bestowing; Ev'ry heart is thine, Mary, Queen of LaSalette. Thine they are to mold, Mary, While with love they're glowing; So thy words to hold, Mary, Never to forget, ( Chorus ) Humbly at thy Shrine, Mary, Faithful vows bestowing; Loving hearts and longing, Mary, Keep us near to thee, evermore. DEAR WEEPING MOTHER In tears Our Lady showed herself That day at LaSalette, And begged that mortals make amends With penance and regret. She spoke to him, a shepherd boy, And her, a shepherdess, To spread her word to all the world For peace and happiness. (Chorus) Dear Weeping Mother, let us pray To your beloved Son, And ask His great forgiveness for The wrongs that we have done. Help us to follow in His path, And never to forget The kindly warnings that you spoke In tears at LaSalette. 25 ^txt" ^r 7>G y ' ^(p- ^c- ~^