THE HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. BY JOHN D'ALTON, Esq., M.R.I. A., barrister at law. CH*£T£U? MASS. DUBLIN: HODGES AND SMITH, COLLEGE-GREEN. M.DCCC. XXXVIII. DUBLIN: PRINTED BY P.. GRAISBERRY. 47206 HIS EXCELLENCY THE EARL OF MULGRAVE, LORD LIEUTENANT-GENERAL AND GENERAL GOVERNOR OF IRELAND, THE HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. My Lord, Alt ii o ifdjr.jthe, chronicles of so important a portion of the kingdom, over which your Excellency presides, have some claim to be thus inscribed, their compiler could not presume to solicit such an honour for his labours ; he has, however, ventured to assume it, in the consciousness that the work has been undertaken with the object of affording an honest, impartial, and popular local memoir. He proudly relies upon the fact, that the list of its promoters comprises upwards of seven hun- iv DEDICATION. dred noblemen, clergymen, and gentry of every varied shade of religious and political opinion ; and yet more, he is so assured of justifying at least such an expectation of impartiality, that, while he has in no instance compromised the truth of history, he has been equally tenacious of a single comment that could make one Irish- man unfriendly to another. If these his wishes have been accomplished, your Excellency will excuse the adoption of this dedication, and the respectful wish that it may be received as an humble tribute of the profound respect of Your Excellency's Devoted, humble Servant, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. It has been the silent patriotism of my life, 966, and in 1831, 22,385. * Statistical Survey of the County of Dublin. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 3 A table of the comparative population of Ireland, at different periods, with the authorities on which each estimate is grounded, may be considered of sufficient interest to justify its introduction here, premising that Sir William Petty, in his Political Arithmetic, conjectures it to have been, at the time of the English invasion, not much more than 300,000. This number, by the ordinary course of generation, he calculates would, in 500 years, allowing for epi- demics, famines, wars, &c, increase to 1,200,000, which, he says, was the population of Ireland in 1641 ; but soon afterwards so more than decimated by the civil war and feuds of the disastrous period that immediately ensued, as fully to justify the reduction made by the same political economist, and which forms the first item in the following table : — 1652 Sir Wm. Petty, 850,000 1672 Sir Wm. Petty, 1,100,000 Same, corrected, 1,320,000 1695 Captain South, 1,034,102 1712 Thomas Dobbs, 2,099,094 1718 The same, 2,169,048 1725 The same, 2,317,374 1726 The same, 2,309,106 1731 Poll tax return, 2,010,221 1754 Hearth money collectors, 2,372,634 1762 De Burgo, 2,317,384 1767 Hearth money collectors, 2,544,276 1777 The same, 2,690,556 1785 The same, 2,845,932 1787 Dublin Chro- nicle,* 3,001,200 1788 Gervase P. Bushe, 4,040,000 1791 Hearth money collectors, 4,206,612 1792 RevDr.Beaufort 4,088,226 1805 Thomas New- enham, 5, 395, 456 1814 Census, 5,937,856 1821 Census, 6,801,827 1831 Census, 7,767,401 * This estimate is rather noticed on account of the remarkable sub- division which it makes of this total, viz. : — B 2 4 GENERAL HISTORY OF This county, excepting a mountainous tract at the south, is very fertile, and exceeds any other in the kingdom in culture, trade, and wealth ; yet its pro- ductiveness is more attributable to its position in the vicinity of the metropolis, than to the natural quality of the soil, which, if it were not husbanded with large outlays of capital, and all the refreshments of compost that the city and the sea supply, would fail to present such a robe of richness and verdure as it now exhibits. Neither does the scenery in general derive its greatest beauty from its own resources, the perspec- tive of the bay of Dublin and the Wicklow mountains, communicating to almost every view its softest and finest finish. It is not, however, to be concluded, that the county is deficient in picturesque attractions of its own. Scenes of singular, but unappreciated love- liness, occur in various localities, as shall be particu- larly pointed out in the progress of the work. Nor does it want its own bold mountains, its dark wooded glens, its graceful river, its meandering streams, and its sacred islands ; there is but one feature of the pic- In the army, including in- valids . . 12,000 In the revenue, . 4,000 Employed in manufactures 520,000 Mariners, fishermen, and boatmen . . 46,000 Handicrafts and trades- men . . 580,000 Shopkeepers, dealers, and pedlars, . . 200,000 Resident nobility and gentry . . 10,000 Labourers employed, . 600,000 Children, . . 400,000 Merchants, . . 2,500 Clergy of all denomina- tions, . . . 11,500 Men of the law, doctors, and surgeons, . . 5,200 Unemployed poor, idlers, and vagrants, . 550,000 3,001,200 THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 5 turesque in which it had been somewhat cheated, it has no silver lake " That to the fringed bank, Her crystal mirror holds." The southern district is almost entirely a range of granite hills, the loftiest of which, Garrycastle, attains an elevation of 1869 feet above the level of the sea, while in the van, and the most remarkable in the group, the Three Rock Mountain rears its mystic, crowning monuments to a similar elevation of 1585 feet. The Liffey, of which a more particular account shall be given in its proper place, intersects the county, and is the only river of note that wanders through it. The baronies south of this river have a gentle inclination towards the sea, are well supplied with water from the mountains behind them, and thickly peopled, and ornamented with elegant villas and demesnes. Those at the northern side contain also many spacious and beautiful parks and residences, but, not being in equally fashionable estimation, are not so thickly studded with seats and improve- ments. As has been remarked, there are no lakes here, but neither are there, with the exception of some tracts upon and between the mountains of Montpe- lier, Cruagh, and Kilmashogue, Glancree, Kippure, and Glancullen, those deforming bogs, in which the crystal brightness of too many Irish lakes is set. Two canals, injudiciously approximated to each 6 GENERAL HISTORY OF other, the one the Royal, north of the Liffey, the other the Grand, south of it, extend their parallel lines of navigation across the county, and thence respectively communicate with the lordly Shannon. On the geology of the county in general, Pro- fessor Scouler supplies the following observations : — " The vicinity of Dublin offers a great variety of interesting matter for the study of the geologist. Within a very limited distance from the capital, we are presented with an important series both of pri- mary and secondary rocks. To the south of the bay, Primary Rocks alone occur ; which are remarkable not only from their variety, but from the indications of violence exhibited in the contortions of the strata, the intrusion of granitic veins into the micaceous schist, and the chemical changes which the schists have suffered when in contact with the granite. The primary rocks consist of a central ridge of granite, on each side of which the micaceous and argillaceous schists, the quartz rock, and mountain limestone are arranged. This granite chain extends from Kings- town on the North into the county of Waterford on the South, a distance of nearly sixty miles. " In the vicinity of Dublin the course of the granite chain is well ascertained : it extends from Dalkey Island to Black Rock, and from thence passes southward to Dundrum and Rathfarnham ; it then crosses the Military Road behind Montpellier hill, and running across the northern extremity of Glenis- maule, forms the basis of Seechon, and consequently supports the schist which constitutes the greater por- THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 7 tion of that hill. On the east, that is, next the sea, the boundary of the granite is very apparent ; from Dalkey it runs along the shore to Killiney, from thence it runs inland to Rochestown hill, extending in nearly a right line to the Scalp, passing on to Glancree and Lough Dan, holding a southerly course. " This central granite ridge includes some of the loftiest hills in the vicinity, they are, however, rivalled by the adjoining quartz mountain, called the greater Sugar Loaf, and the schistose mountains of Seechon and of Djouce. This granite ridge is destitute of the sharp and spiry outlines which so often charac- terize mountains composed of this rock ; a circum- stance apparently dependent on the inconsiderable elevation of the hills, and also on the very decom- posible nature of some of the kinds of this rock, which disentegrate rapidly with exposure to the weather. " The mineral nature of the granite in general ex- hibits, nevertheless, but little variety, and is almost completely free from hornblende or other ingredients, not essential to its character. The felspar is for the most part of a pearly whiteness, and forms a striking contrast with the black mica. The stone is much employed for architectural purposes in Dublin and the vicinity, and considerable quantities of it are ex- ported to Liverpool, and there employed for paving the streets. Near Killiney, at the junction of the granite with the schist, the quality of the former is rather different from that obtained in the quarries near Kingstown. It is harder ; and the mica, in- 8 GENERAL HISTORY OF stead of occurring- in plates, has assumed the form of plumose mica. At Glancullen, Glenismaule, &c, the granite is more coarse-grained and the mica is of light colour, forming large hexagonal plates, sometimes half an inch in breadth. This variety is less compact than the granite of Killiney, and contains more felspar and mica ; hence, perhaps, its more decomposible nature. In the vicinity of Glenismaule the granite is often completely disinte- grated for a depth of four feet or more ; and the de- cay of the rock would proceed with great rapidity, if the covering of peat did not afford a protection against the destructive effects of the weather. This decomposed granite sand is brought to Dublin under the name of freestone, and is employed for scouring and other domestic purposes. " The mass of granite, whose limits have been de- fined, is almost every where in contact with the mi- caceous schist, both on its western and eastern flanks, and the junction of the rocks may be studied at Kil- liney, the Scalp, and Rathfarnham. In the first of these situations, the schist is seen resting on its up- turned edges, on a basis-of granite, and traversed by numerous veins of that substance. As the granite veins run in two directions they often intersect, and one set runs parallel to the lamination of the schist, while a second set cuts across the strata. Many of these veins contain fragments of the schistose rock. Along the line of junction of the two rocks, the schist is much curved, and contains abundance of crystals of chiastolite arranged in stelliform groups. The THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 9 schist is not the only rock which is in contact with the granite ; for, from Black-Rock to Dundrum, the limestone succeeds the granite, and consequently the whole series of primary strata are absent. The ac- tual contact of the two rocks has not been observed ; but at Black-Rock they are within a few yards of each other ; and the limestone is extremely compact, consisting of angular fragments, as if it had been shivered into small pieces and subsequently reunited. The quartz rock of Shankhill, if not in actual con- tact with the granite, is only separated from it by the intervention of a thin film of micaceous schist ; and at Ballinascorney, the argillaceous schist is not far re- moved from the granite; but, as the two schists gra- duate into each other, it is not easy to characterize them, in every instance, by precise mineralogical dis- tinctions. " The Micaceous Schist occurs both on the eas- tern and western flanks of the granite ; on the east it commences at Killiney, occupies the eastern side of Rochestown hill, and extends from thence to the Scalp, where it is seen reposing on the granite, much con- torted, and containing crystals of Andalusite. From the Scalp, it passes to the west of Enniskerry, and constitutes the rocks of Powerscourt waterfall ; and still continuing its southerly direction, it passes by the head of Glancree, constitutes Djouce mountain, and may be seen in contact with the granite at the upper extremity of Loch Dan. On the western side, the micaceous schist commences at Rathfarnham, and the junction of the two rocks may be seen, on the 10 GENERAL HISTORY OF road side, near the commencement of the Military Road ; it then runs across Glenismaule and forms the mountain of Seechon. " The micaceous schist exhibits the usual mineral characters of that rock, and consists of a mixture of quartz and mica, in variable proportions. Sometimes, alternating lamina? of the two ingredients are so fine, that the mica appears to preponderate, and the quartz is not so apparent : on the other hand, the quartz sometimes attains the thickness of an inch, and almost excludes the mica. Not unfrequently the quartz is replaced by argillaceous laminae, and thus the rock passes into an argillaceous schist ; which, when in contact with the granite, is sometimes changed into hornblende schist. At Killiney the schist exhibits a peculiar mode of decomposition, which it is diffi- cult to explain. At first little circular depressions may be observed in the schist, and as these enlarge, little cavities are formed, often the size of an orange, and giving the rock a remarkably corroded appearance, as if it had been an amygdaloid which had lost its mineral nodules. This, however, is not the case in the present instance, for the cavities are not caused by the falling out of nodules or portions of conglome- rate, but appear to depend on some ill understood concretionary structure. " The mica schist is followed by Argillaceous Schist and Quartz Rock ; the former occurring on both sides of the granite chain, whilst the latter is only found on its eastern side : quartz rock also ap- pears on the north side of the bay, constituting the THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 11 peninsula of Howth. The schist occurs in continuous strata, which may be traced over a wide extent of country, but the quartz rock is found only in detached portions. " On the eastern side of the granite ridge, the argillaceous schist, being the outermost of the rocks on that side, is bounded by the sea. The other mar- gin of the clay strata is bounded by the micaceous schist, and may be defined by a line drawn from Shankhill and passing to Enniskerry, and to the west of the great Sugar Loaf, and continuing in the same direction beyond Loch Dan. It includes the country around Bray, the Dargle, and Glen of the Downs ; and also includes several extensive masses of quartz rock, such as Shankhill, the two Sugar Loafs, Bray Head, the Glen of the Downs, &c. " On the western side of the granite ridge, the commencement of the argillaceous schist may be seen, beyond Rathfarnham, where it is bounded by the river Dodder, which separates it from the micaceous schist ; it then passes to the west of Seechon till it reaches the sources of the Liffey. There is often considerable difficulty in tracing the junction of the two schistose rocks, as they pass into each other by insensible gradations, and have both been greatly disturbed and contorted. The lower parts of the argillaceous schists often pass into greywacke schist, viz., into schist containing fragments of schistose rocks, which are fine in some cases, as near Bray, while they are coarse conglomerates near the Tallagh Hills. " Near the granite, these rocks undergo a very remarkable change ; and, as we trace them, they gra- 12 GENERAL HISTORY OF dually lose the stratified appearance, and even their schistose structure ; they have become, in short, hard and compact, passing into a very close-grained green stone, consisting of hornblende and felspar, and, where the crystals of felspar attain a larger size, a green- stone porphyry is the result. In the ravines, portions of schorl in acicular crystals are very common, but they have not been traced to their source. " Lambay Island, to the north of Dublin, may be included under the head of argillaceous schist. The island consists of strata of schist and beds of green stone and porphyry. The schistose strata are much indurated, and are contorted in a most intricate manner, and these contortions occur both on the minute and the great scale. These strata often lose their stratified appearance and pass into green stone and porphyry. The porphyry is sometimes amygdaloidal, containing nodules of calcareous spar. The crystals of felspar often exhibit a very peculiar laminar structure. " The Quartz Rock exists in two states, either alternating with schist, and in that case decidedly stratified, or destitute of all foreign intermixture, and in these examples the stratification is very indistinct. The hills composed of quartz rock are easily recog- nized by their conical outline, a circumstance which has served to give names to some of them. The chief masses of quartz are Bray Head and Howth, in which it alternates with schistose strata ; Shank- hill, and the greater and lesser Sugar Loaf, in which no schistose strata occur. " The quartz of the peninsula of Howth exhibits THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 13 the phenomenon of contorted strata in a very beau- tiful manner. The stratification is very obvious, and the schistose beds exhibit a great diversity of hues from purple to red, thus rendering the contortions more apparent. Some of the strata rest on their edges, others are undulated, and sometimes curved upon themselves, so as to resemble the concentric crusts of some spheroidal concretion. The same phe- nomenon is observable at Bray. " The only secondary rock, that occurs in the vi- cinity of Dublin, is the Mountain Limestone, which constitutes all the country beyond the primary strata ; occupying the counties of Meath and Kildare, and greater part of the county of Dublin. No limestone is found in the county of Wicklow, and the farmers of that county, on the eastern or sea side, obtain their supplies from Howth or from the beds of stratified calcareous alluvium, the only condition under which limestone occurs in that county. On the opposite side of the county the supplies of lime for building and agricultural purposes are chiefly drawn from the county of Carlow. " The limestone exists in two very distinct states in the vicinity of Dublin ; in the one it has the cha- racter of the ordinary carboniferous limestone, con- taining the usual organic remains ; but near the primary strata it is very impure, has a schistose struc- ture, contains but few organic remains, and is the Calp of Kirwan. The calp is distinctly stratified, the strata seldom exceeding two feet in thickness, and being separated by thin beds of slate clay. This 14 GENERAL HISTORY OF limestone, which is much used for architectural pur- poses, occurs in many localities around Dublin, and every where exhibits marks of contortion and vio- lence. At Lucan there is a beautiful example of contorted limestone strata ; and equally interesting instances may be seen at Portrane, where the sea coast has exposed numerous sections, in which the nature of the calp is fully displayed. " Besides the calp, magnesian limestone occurs in a few localities, as at Howth, near the junction of the primary and secondary strata, at Malahide, and on the Dodder between Milltown and Classon Bridge. This limestone contains no organic remains, but oc- casionally, as at Howth, we find it contains imbedded fragments of the mountain limestone." Some few occurrences of interest, respecting the geology and mineralogy of particular localities, shall be there respectively stated, to which subdivision of the subject all botanic notices are wholly referred, as are also some few remarks on the conchology. The agricultural use and experience of the county is greatly curtailed by the appropriation of so large a portion of its surface to the enjoyment of the gentry ; and, although the rocky basements of the hills are yielding daily to the hand of industry and the pro- gress of civilization, yet the vegetable productions are not much augmented thence, as the reclaimed ground is generally anticipated for country houses and plea- sure grounds. The agriculture of the county, how- ever, is not within the scope of this work, and would require the devotion of an exclusive volume, and THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 15 the investigation of one better acquainted with the subject, than the author of this could profess to be ; but the following table of the succession of its fairs, arranged in the order of the year, may not be deemed unworthy of insertion. Carrickmines, «... 1 2th January. 1 cf* 111 /3crl T\r in ivijivpm isL J. UcoUciy 111 lfictiuii. 1 /tn iviarcn. Carrickmines (two days), . I4tn and lotn April. ZOUl L/O. OQfVi T^n ^ytn uo. 1st May. T? ncli isi uo» ^in i-^o. oin uo. Dtn JJo. 9th JJo. 9th Do. I-4 1 loo 1 1 /v r\ 71 jvusauagnan, Ascension Thursday. w nit-ivionaay. v^di i lCKiiiines, .... Z4tn June. 1st Thursday after Tri- nity Sunday. 7th July. 10th Do. 12th Do. 13th Do. 30th Do. 10th August. 12th Do. 16 GENERAL HISTORY OF Garristown, 15th August. Palmerstown, 21st Do. Ballymore Eustace, . . . 26th Do. Donuybrook, 26th Do. Kilsallaghan, 8th Do. Swords, 10th Do. Balbriggan, 29th Do. Rush, 29th Do. Bray, 20th September. Newcastle, 8th October. Rathmichael, 10th Do. Saggard, 10th Do. Carrickmines (two days), . 14th and 15th Do. Ballymore Eustace, . . . 29th Do. Garristown, 1st November. Swords, 5th Do. Saggard, ....... 8th Do. Tallagh, 9th Do. Lusk, 25th Do. Mr. Arthur Younge, in 1779? fixed the average acreable rent in this county at £i 11 s. 6d. making thereby the annual rental of the whole, according to his estimate of acres, £194,959. Double that total might perhaps now be more correctly set down as such rental, while the wages of the labourer varies from five to nine shillings per week. As both these sub- jects, however, formed substantive objects of local inquiry for this work, the reader will be able to draw his own conclusions from subsequent details. The various antiquities, which have been suffered THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 17 to survive cover the face of the county, as churches, abbeys, castles, round towers, raths, cromlechs, crosses, &c, are referred to the localities where they occur ; and it here but remains to detail such records, as are not peculiarly applicable to any of these localities, but more or less co-extensive with the county at large. In the historic notices of this portion of Ireland, it is not in- tended to wander back to those dim periods when the merchants of Phoenicia and of Greece, passing through the Straits of Gades, braved the waters of a troubled ocean to traffic with the " sacred isle;" not that the intercourse, in its highest antiquity, is discre- dited by the author of these pages, who has already, in his Essay on Ancient Ireland, published in the Sixteenth Volume of the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, solemnly certified his allegiance to the opinion ; but, in truth, the fanaticism of modern charlatans and the lunacy of etymologists make even those most cherished retrospects unwelcome and unaccredited. The earliest accurate notice here cited, and that obviously de- signates this district, is happily to be found in a source with which no scepticism in Irish antiquity can cavil, the not more elegant than faithful and instructive pages of Tacitus. It occurs in his " Life of Agricola," whose observing eye, as he testifies, did not overlook the political phasis of this " little isle of the ocean." " Agricola," says the justly honoured historian, " passing over in the first ship, subdued in frequent victories nations hitherto unknown, and stationed troops along that part of Britain which looks to Ireland, more in hope than fear, since Ireland, from its situation between Britain and Spain, and opening to the Gallic sea, might well connect the most powerful parts of the empire with reciprocal advantages. Its extent, compared with Britain, is narrower, but exceeds that of any islands of our sea ; the soil and climate, as well as the genius and habits of the people, do not much differ from those of Britain. Its channels and harbours are better known to commerce and to merchants. Agricola gave his protection to one of its petty kings, who had been expelled by faction, and, with an affectation of friendship, retained him for his C 18 GENERAL HISTORY OF own purposes. I often heard him say that Ireland could be con- quered and held with one legion and a small reserve, and such a measure would have its advantage even as regards Britain, " if Ro- man power were extended on every side, and liberty taken away, as it were, from the view of the latter island." Here then in the zenith of that power, and even by Agricola himself, Ireland was regarded with a deep and cautious policy, as the depot where the imperial resources might be best employed, and by whose possession, the chains not only of Britain, but like- wise of Spain and Gaul, might be most effectually riveted. Here, m the hope of realizing a wily speculation of its conquest, that very Agricola is discovered, with an assumed friendliness, alike in- jurious to his own honour and that of Rome, welcoming to his camp one of the petty princes of that country, whom domestic seditions had expatriated, insinuating himself into the confidence of this Themistocles of the west, questioning him as to the re- sources of the envied island, whose coasts and harbours he knew were the resorts of merchants, yet assured by his informant, with a cunning suited to his purpose, and which possibly might have been warranted by a similar state of faction and disunion to that which crowned Strongbow's incursion with success, that Ireland could be conquered with a single legion ; while the fears of that great commander are betrayed, lest the liberty, which was then enjoyed in that country, as it were in the very view of Britain, might prejudice the Roman tyranny in England, until, coerced by these apprehensions, though unwilling to confess them, he stu- diously fortified with peculiar strength, and garrisoned with his choicest forces, that part of Britain that looked to this important quarter. It is a flattering, a classical tribute to the nation, but neither should the reproach of the record be overlooked ; — the remote prescription of disunion which it sadly testifies. Would that Irishmen, so long divided, could be taught the mutual errors that even from that distant period continued to estrange them, that threw them at the feet of every adventurer, who was encouraged to their subjugation, distracted them from the enjoyment and diffusion of those social and political blessings which a gifted country and a fine people should otherwise have insured; and that THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 19 still, as by some provoked dispensation of Providence, leaves them " in thick darkness, even darkness which may be felt," while the children of the rest of the world have "light in their dwel- lings." The justice of Agricola's apprehensions, and the prudence of his policy, were fated to be evinced in a few ages after himself had quit the scene, and it was from this very district that the Irish chieftain Crimthan, mentioned hereafter at " Howth," is said to have led those hardy bands of Scots, (for Ireland was the only country then called Scotia, and its people Scots,) whose efforts reduced the Britons and British Romans to the verge of destruction and an- nihilation, as recorded by Ammianus Marcellinus, Claudian, Gildas, Zosimus, and Bede. Nevertheless, the country of their successful opponents conti- nued, throughout this interval, utterly unknown to the Romans, and it was only from the Phoenicians, those merchants to whom the notice of Tacitus refers, that Ptolemy was enabled to give to the world the accounts of the situation and circumstances of Ire- land, which he published in his Geography at the close of the second century. He therein not only described, but delineated, the shores, lakes, rivers, promontories, hills, and cities of Ireland, with an accuracy which himself attributes to the discoveries con- sequent upon the Phoenician commerce thither, and especially to the information he received from Marinus of Tyre ; and his lon- gitudes and latitudes, names and descriptions of Irish places, are accordingly more pure and correct than those of Strabo, or any other Roman writer. In reference to the district now denned as the county of Dublin, this eminent geographer places the Eblani north of a river, between the Ovoca and the Boyne (Buvinda), on which the metropolis, Eblana, is marked as situated ; while at its southern side, and thence to the sea, the Cauci are allocated, a tribe whom Ware and others consider of German extraction. The native authorities, as collected in the Book of Lecan, state in reference to the same period, that the maritime part of this county north of the LifFey, was anciently called Almain, and its inhabitants the Almanii, while the southern portion of the county is, by the same authorities, assigned to the Atadii. c 2 20 GENERAL HISTORY OF The Roman map of Ireland did, however, at length appear in the fifth century, for to this period Richard of Cirencester attri- butes that which he discovered in Italy, transcribed, as he says, " ex fragmentis quibusdam a Duce quodam Romano consignati set posteritati relictis." But even it, at such an advanced era, is by no means so accurate as Ptolemy's, although very valuable as an evidence of Roman ideas of Ireland. This, too, marks the Cauci as inhabiting the southern part of the county. Some few centuries after the establishment of Christianity in Ireland in the fifth century, those districts of the country, known by the name of Croceae or Crosslands, were dedicated to the church, and most extensive jurisdiction was given to the abbots and bishops therein, Such were the Croceae of Ulster, Kilkenny, Meath, Kildare, Louth, Kerry, Navan, Ferns, Carlow, Wexford, Leighlin, &c, and such, more particularly as concerns this history, were the Croceae or liberties of the cross of the Archbishop of Dublin : and, as in England, the symbol of triumphant Christianity was frequently set up to mark the boundaries of civil districts, so in Ireland, but with more propriety, crosses, some of them very handsomely ornamented, were erected to distinguish the eccle- siastical possessions. The cross lands of Dublin appear to have been partly in the northern, and partly in the southern sections of the county, and indeed the names of two of its baronies, so respectively situated, Nether-Cross, and Upper-Cross, although not of course precisely commensurate with the ancient croceae,* do still designate large portions of their superficies, and exhibit, in the scattered and in- sulated state of their component parts, the natural consequence of uniting in one civil division tracts so adventitiously appropriated. The Northern Croceae retain some of the actual crosses as at St. Doulogh's and Finglas, while another, called pardon cross, is par- ticularly recorded as having been erected at Swords, Clondalkin, Tullagh, St. Anne's^ the Kill of the Grange, Kiltuc, and Rath- * For example, Holmpatrick, Lambay, and Ireland's Eye, were in the Northern Croceae, though the first is now accounted in Balrothery, the two last in Coolock Barony ; and Tawney, now classed in Rath- down, was then in the Southern Croceae. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 21 michael by similar epnblems seem to demarcate somewhat of the extent of the Southern Crocese. Crosses were in truth the first objects to which it was sought, by various inducements and associations, to attach the reverence of the people, and were multiplied according to the facility of col- lecting Christian congregations. As they demonstrated ecclesi- astical retreats and possessions, so did they also assert the dignity of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and, when the guilty fugitive placed himself within the circle of their authority, and sat down in sin and sorrow beneath their shadow, municipal punishment and pri- vate revenge were alike disarmed. Such was the cross alluded to as having stood near the archiepiscopal palace at Swords, and which retained in the latest notice of its existence the epithet of " pardon cross ;" such also appear to have been those two remark- able specimens still visible inTullagh, as hereafter mentioned at that locality. The sanctuaries, it may be observed, extended south, east, and west of the adjacent churches, and accordingly, even to this day, popular superstition particularly points to these direc- tions, and never in any variation selects the unhallowed north for interments. Crosses were likewise set up in market places to in- duce the attention of assembled worldlings to religious reflections, and check the violators of temperance, honesty, and social order, by the presence of that awful symbol of the Redeemer's sufferings. During the two centuries and a half of tyranny and military despotism, in which the Danes and Norwegians were permitted to crush the spirit of Ireland, the vicinity of Dublin suffered in a particular degree by their harassing incursions, and even when their general authority as a dominant nation was broken down at the memorable battle of Clontarf, this county was especially ex- posed to their predatory and revengeful assaults. Of these latter, the most remarkable occurred in the year 1070, when Godred Crovan, a general under Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, having fled from England on the defeat and death of his royal master at Stainford Bridge, after some months' sojourn in the Hebrides, collected such a body of adherents as enabled him to possess himself at first of the Isle of Man, and subsequently (a*- cording to the Chronicon Mannicc) of Dublin and the adjacent country. 22 GENERAL HISTORY OF In the ensuing century, immediately after the successful in- vasion of the Earl of Clare, those, his followers, who, by royal license, were suffered to carve out with their swords the future inheritance of their posterity, eagerly contended for the allocation of that inheritance in the vicinity of the metropolis of Ireland ; and when, subsequently, King Henry the Second held his court in the village of Hogges, which, though now a populous street in the heart of the city, still retains the rural name of College- Green, the claims of his favourites for subinfeudations in this district, under the paramount Lord de Lacy, were urged with all the zeal and importunity which the selection merited. There, with royal munificence the monarch confirmed the grants of Strongbow, adding new donations and endowments with a liberality that laid the foundations of the greatest families and religious houses in the county. There, while he sojourned, the native chieftains gladly crowded into the pageantries that surrounded him, the rights and wrongs of a nation were forgotten in the splendours of his court, and the sterner qualities of the Irish warriors melted away in the diffusion of social intercourse and friendly communication. To them, strangers as they were to the grandeur of feudal life, every thing wore an air of magnifi- cent novelty ; the pastimes and revelries, masking, mumming and strange shows, the " instruments of sound," the tilt and tourna- ment, the gorgeous ornaments, the tables replenished with such varieties of viands, the wines and spices, the array of all the offi- cers, the gentlemen, esquires, knights, and barons, in their rich attire, glittering through the precincts of the court, or careering over the field with their horses barbed and mailed, the king him- self in all the attractions of condescension, and more than wonted pomp, all contributed to beguile and delude the simple specta- tors, they yielded to the spell of sumptuous indolence, and the strong man was lulled in the lap of luxury. The years that immediately succeeded carry a deep but me- lancholy interest ; feudal principles and passions were introduced into the country, not with the magnificence and chivalry that are their usual associates, but debased by the wants and necessities with which they were mixed up, and stimulated into riotous deso- lation by the impunity with which they might be exercised in this THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 23 then comparatively remote country. The epochs of history be- came beacons of guilt and oppression, and, like the crosses that meet the traveller in southern climates, but point where guilt had done its work. The country, as far as it was precariously sub- jected to foreign power, was cantoned among adventurers, whose direct interest it was to exterminate and debase the old inhabi- tants. Strong to oppress, but feeble to govern, they persuaded the King of England that it was unfit to communicate the laws of that country to their victims in this, that it was the best policy to hold them as aliens and enemies, and to prosecute them with a continual war. The historian of the Crusades remarks, that Ire- land was by Henry the Second connected with England, " sous le titre d'esclave, plutot que de sujette." Indeed, it would seem as if nothing but the necessity of using the Irish as slaves and villeins prevented their utter extirpation, until at length, as Sir John Davis remarks, " these large scopes of land and great liberties, with the absolute power to make war and peace, did raise the English lords to that height of pride and ambition as that they could not endure one another."* Thus, as well among the English adventurers as the Irish natives, faction and civil war had shed their baneful seeds in a soil unhappily too apt for such a harvest ; feuds and rebellions sprang up luxuriantly in every province, the march of civilization was interrupted, and even the scanty streams of justice, which the better policy of government might from time to time have permitted to flow, were clogged or corrupted in their gloomy channels. Happily the times are come, when such scenes are but of retrospect, the rising generation can recall them with the feelings of the crew who had worked through the rocks and survived the storm. The tossing of the waves may yet be visible even in their wake, but the prospect is clearing, and Religion, surrounded once again with all all her Christian charities, like the Spirit of God, is moving over the face of the waters. It is confidently asserted, and does not seem improbable, that in consequence, and as an exposition of the grants of Henry the * Davis's Historical Relations, p. 64. 24 GENE UAL HISTORY OF Second, a rude survey of Ireland was commenced ; and, on its completion, under the direction of King John, was, as it is said, deposited in the Abbey of Graignemanagh. It was not, however, until the year 1210, that the latter monarch erected this district into a county ; about which time he granted to its commonalty, and to that of the county Meath, the remarkable privilege of common of turbary on the great bogs of Garristown and Bal- rothery, as more particularly noted hereafter. From that period, the county of Dublin always continued to be within the English Pale, of which, in truth, it long constituted the greater portion. Its new character, however, did not extinguish the rights "of the Croceae ; their bounds, privileges, and jurisdictions, were not suf- fered to merge in the civil division, and so absolutely was their separation recognized, that even sheriffs were appointed for their government, distinct from that of the surrounding portions of the county. In 1253, Prince Edward, the son of the English monarch, on being married to the Infanta of Spain, was invested by his father with the sovereignty of all that part of Ireland then under Eng- lish dominion. This county, however, was, with that of Limerick, and certain chief towns, excepted from the grant, while a remark- able proviso was added, that the territories so conceded should never be separated from the crown, but remain for ever to the kings of England. The lands which were claimed or possessed by the king's subjects in Ireland, were, thereupon, called the lands of Lord Edward, and all writs ran in that prince's name. In 1297, an ordinance of Parliament was passed, whereby, reciting that the county of Dublin was too much disordered and confused, and the parts of it too remote and scattered from each other, to wit, into Ulster and Meath, and afterwards into Leinster and the Vale of Dublin, &c, by which means it was less compe- tently serviceable to the king in the execution of his precepts and those of his courts, and also, his subjects were thereby not so sufficiently ruled without a governor ; it was therefore agreed, that for the time to come, there should be appointed a sheriff in Ulster, as well of its cross lands, as to make executions in the liberty of Ulster, when defect was found in the seneschal of that liberty, and that the sheriff of Dublin should not thereafter inter- THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 25 meddle in Ulster; and it was also thereby agreed, that Meath should be a county of itself, as also Kildare, and each freed from the jurisdiction of the sheriff of Dublin.* Measures were like- wise then taken for ascertaining the limits and bounds of each county respectively. Hence it appears what alterations time had already made in the counties established by King John in 1210, for, though that prince had, amongst others, constituted as well the counties of Kildare and Meath, as Dublin, yet, before the passing this ordi- nance, it is manifest that the sheriff of the county of Dublin exer- cised his jurisdiction within both the others, as he did within some part of Ulster ; a circumstance which probably originated in the latter having been cantoned into palatinates, and governed by seneschals of the lords palatine, who executed their powers so loosely within their several jurisdictions, that the government, who had the superintendence of the whole, found it often neces- sary to interpose, and, by consent of the lords palatine, or by acts of parliament now lost, to enlarge the jurisdiction of the county of Dublin, and extend it into those parts where its sheriff had not originally any control. The example, thus legalized, was subse- quently of frequent adoption, and the jurisdictions of sheriffs appointed within the Pale, were enlarged or diminished as the extent of the English territory prevailed or declined. In 1300, at a parliament held in Dublin before Sir John Wogan, the commonalty of this county were assessed for the ser- vice of the state to the amount of £100, with a special exemption, however, of the cross lands, and the tenants of the clergy. In 1310, by writ, reciting that the said commonalty complained of being prejudiced by pleas held according to the custom and law of England, otherwise than according to the custom and law of Ireland, Walter Cusack and his associates, Justices in Eyre of the county, were directed to hold and decide all pleas in Eyre, and of the bench, according to the law and custom of Ireland.f In 1347 the king appointed Robert Lawless and others guar- dians of the peace herein, with powers to assess and array its mili- Ware's Antiquities of Ireland, p. 36. t Rot. Pat. in cane. Hib. 20 GENERAL HISTORY OF tary force as required, and to proceed to its marches to resist the hostility and invasion of the Irish.* Many similar appoint- ments occur on the Rolls not necessary to detail. In 1356 William de Barton had a liberate, or money order on the treasury, for fortifying certain places on the marches of Dub- lin against the O'Byrnes, and for furnishing food and provender to the garrisons.")" William de Carron was at this time appointed purveyor in this county, and in those of Kildare and Meath, for the army of the Lord Justice while warring against the Irish ene- mies of Leinster.f And in the same year the king commanded the guardians of the peace and coroners to convene twenty-four of the " probiores" at an early day, one of whom said guardians, coroners and "probiores" were directed to elect as sheriff. This mode of popular nomination had been abolished in England forty years previously by the Act 9 Edw. II. St. 2. In 1359 Peter de Okebourn was appointed to purvey hake, (" allecia,") and other kinds of fish, wherever they could be found in this county, for the use of the Lord Deputy's household, pay- ing the reasonable value thereof.§ In 1373, on the occasion of convening the great council to be held in Dublin, the sheriff of this division was directed to summon Thomas Talbot Knight, John de la Field, Nicholas Howth, Michael Darcy, Reginald Talbot, John Cruise, John Talbot, of Malahide, Laurence Woodlock, Robert White, of Killester, Roger Uriel, &c. &c. &c. In 1374 this county returned its earliest recorded representa- tives on the elective principle ; and in 1376, on the occasion of the memorable parliament which Edward the Third convened to attend him " wheresoever he should be in England and to which he required the sheriffs of the Irish counties to cause their respec- tive representatives to be sent, the return of the precept from this stated that Nicholas Howth, i. e. St. Laurence, and Richard * Rot. Pat. in cane. Hib. t Rot. Claus. in cane. Hib. % Rot. Claus. in cane. Hib. § Rot. Pat. in cane. Hib. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. 27 White had heen duly elected to attend his majesty, as required by his writ, with full power to treat and counsel before him on the state and government of Ireland ; but that the electors protested against thereby giving any power to said Nicholas and Richard to impose any burdens or taxes upon the Commons of Dublin ; and that said representatives elect had accordingly pledged themselves to their constituents, that they should not vote for any such impo- sitions.* In the same year, by writ, reciting that the king's liege subjects of Youghal had been devastated by the Roches and Clan- gibbons, they were permitted to carry three ship-loads of corn from any harbour in this county, or in those of Meath or Louth, for their relief, f In 1383 Richard Talbot, Nicholas Howth, William Fitzwilliam, Thomas Marward, John Cruise, Reginald Talbot and Richard Netterville, were appointed Guardians of the Peace in this county. \ In 1386 Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, the favourite of Richard the Second, was created Marquis of Dublin ; and by the same patent, his weak-minded sovereign granted to him and his heirs the entire dominion of Ireland, to be held of the crown by liege homage. Those lands and cities formerly reserved to the crown, and those hereditary in the nobles and barons of Ireland, were indeed excepted ; and the Earl was bound, " as soon as he should complete the conquest of the kingdom," to pay into the English exchequer annually, during his life, the sum of 5000 marks. In every other particular he had the entire government and dominion of the kingdom, was invested with all the lands he should gain by his arms, and empowered to appoint all officers of state and justice, who were to act in his name, and by his autho- rity. The English parliament, possibly not displeased that this lord should be employed at a distance from the king, did not hesi- tate to sanction even this important grant ; and in furtherance of * Tins was not the first instance of such a convention. In 1315, Ed- ward the Second commanded Richard de Burgo, and other Nobles of Ireland, to be at Westminster on the octave of the ensuing Hilary, there to treat with the peers of England on the state of this country, j Rot. in cane. Hib. \ Ibid. 28 GENERAL HISTORY OF his dominion in the island, 500 men at arms and 1000 archers were equipped for two years' service towards its conquest, while his own officers of state and council were at the same time employed upon the spot in making the best provision for the object, which an ex- hausted treasury and a distracted government could permit. The Marquis proceeded in a stately progress almost to the shores of the Irish Sea, accompanied by his royal patron ; but, at the crisis of separation, King Richard felt unable to bear the privation, and, recalling his favourite to London, the management of Ireland was committed to his deputies. By a subsequent patent De Vere was created Duke of Ireland, with a new settlement of its sovereignty. This title, however, it did not seem politic to assume, and the acts of the favourite in this kingdom were still issued in the name of the Marquis of Dublin. In that authority his deputies were appointed, and their salaries and retinues assigned with the assent of his council ; and by that title he renewed treaties with the Irish chiefs, and addressed let- ters to several lords of the English soil, forbidding them at their peril to maintain any private feuds or dissensions, and command- ing them to unite in the general defence against all malefactors, whether English or Irish. But this parade of sovereignty was short-lived. The princes of the blood and the chief nobility of England confederated against the king, and exacted a commission of the whole royal authority to fourteen lords. The judges in vain essayed to pronounce this delegation illegal ; the lords took up arms to support it ; and the judges were condemned to die for their extra-judicial opinion; but as a favour and indulgence, some were banished with other ene- mies of the triumphant faction into Ireland. The Marquis of Dublin, after ineffectual efforts to rescue his royal master, was defeated by the Earl of Derby, and driven into the low countries ; whereupon the king was compelled to notify to his Irish ministers, in 1388, that the late Marquis of Dublin had forfeited all his grants ; that no acts of state were for the future to be executed under his signet ; but that the King's great seal was to be re- assumed, and the whole administration of government conducted exclusively under his name and authority. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 29 In 1399, the Commonalty of the County of Dublin having elected Thomas Mareward for their sheriff, the king ratified the appointment during pleasure.* In 1402 Henry the Fourth renewed the commission of Thomas Mareward as Sheriff of Dublin ; and appointed John Owen and Robert Tyrrell to assess the military service, and array the men at arms of the county and the cross-lands, to lead them to the marches, when and where necessary ; as also to levy " smok-silver," a species of hearth money tax, for the expenses of watch and ward in said county.f In the following year a similar authority empow- ered Alexander Taylor, of Swords, John White, of Parnellstown, and Richard Barret, of Finglas, to collect twenty marks, which the Commonalty of the cross lands of Dublin had t granted as a subsidy for the support of 240 foot soldiers, for three months. { In 1403 the King appointed Thomas Plunket and others to superintend the collection of a subsidy, granted by the clergy of the dioceses of Armagh, Dublin, and Meath, the chapters of St. Patrick and the Holy Trinity, and the Commonalty of the Crosses of this county ;§ and in the following year he assigned Sir John Cruise, Christopher Hollywood, Thomas Sergeant, Tho- mas Howth. Robert White, and John Owen, to convene the " Magnates," " Proceres," and Commonalty of this county, as they might deem necessary. || In 1408 Walter Tyrrel, Sheriff, Robert Tyrrel, and Henry Fitzwilliam, were, by royal mandate, directed to levy " smok-silver" over this county and in the same year the sheriff thereof was ordered to institute inquiry as to all who exported corn or fish from Ireland, without license.** In 1414 the King appointed Matthew Lopping and Thomas Hall, Esquires, to ascertain on oath the chattels of felons fled and outlawed within this county, and the crosses of the same.-ff In the same year John Saundre and John Hanley were appointed guar- dians of its harbours, with the customary fees ; while Thomas Talbot and other justices were directed to inquire, on oath, as to certain offences committed in the county and the crosses thereof, * Rot. in cane. Hib. t lb. % lb. § lb. || lb. ^ lb. Ib. tt lb. 30 GENERAL HISTORY OF as well in the times of Edward the Third, Richard the Second, and Henry the Fourth, as of the then Kinor.* In 1417 a very remarkable memorial issued hence in behalf of Lord Furnival, who was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the first year of the reign of Henry the Fifth. He was the Sir John Talbot, of Hallamshire, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury, so conspicuous as a warrior in the reign of Henry the Sixth, and received the title of Lord Furnival by courtesy, in respect of his wife. " For so much," (states the document) " as the honourable Lord the Lord of Furnival, your faithful subject and Lieutenant of this your land of Ireland, was purposed to depart from your land, and to repair to your high presence to sue for his payment, which to him is behind, for the safe keeping of this your laud, and we, considering the great destruction and disease which hath come unto this land by his last absence from us, and eschewing greater that may come, and are likely to fall upon the same, if he should be absent at this present time, we have requested him on the behalf of you, our Sovereign Lord, and have supplicated unto him in our own behalfs, to appear here, and not to depart, for the safety of this your land, and of your faithful lieges in the same, and we to write for him to your gracious person for his recommendations for the great charges, labours, and travels by him had and sustained in these parts. " First, your said Lieutenant, taking unto him the advice of your council on this side, and of other Lords Temporal, Knights, Esquires, and other good Commoners, made many great journies and hostings upon one of the strongest Irish enemies of Leinster, called O'More of Leix, a great chieftain of this nation, by being in his country twice, which was not done before in our time, and taking his chief place and goods, burning, foraging, and destroying all his country, his corn, and his other goods, and burning and breaking certain of his castles called the Castle of Colyndragh, and the Castle of Shenneigh (Shean), and rescuing Rot. in cane. Hib. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 31 divers English prisoners there being, without paying ransom, and wounding and killing a great multitude of his people, and made such war upon him that he was forced against his will to make petition to have your peace by indenture, and to put his son in pledge into the hands of your said Lieutenant, to keep the peace safely, and to amend that wherein he had offended against your faithful subjects, and moreover to serve and travel with your said Lieutenant, upon his warning, against all Irish enemies and English rebels, at his commandment, so that by means thereof the said O'More came with two battalions, one foot and one horse, to serve upon a strong enemy, and a chieftain of his nation called Mac Mahon, a distance of forty leagues from the parts of Leix, and he being with the same your Lieutenant, and under his safe con- duct, and in aid of him in the aforesaid country of Leix, two other great chieftains of their nations of Leinster, with their people, that is to say, O'Bryen and O'Railly, overthrown in war, do continue petitions to enjoy your peace. " And also he rode against Mac Mahon, a great Irish enemy, and a powerful chieftain of his nation, in the parts of Ulster ad- joining unto the county of Louth, and him did strongly invade long time by divers laborious hostings and journeys, some on foot by sixteen leagues, and burnt and destroyed one of his chief places, with all his towns and corn about, and wounded and killed a great multitude of his people, until he must of force yield him- self to your peace, and deliver divers English prisoners without ran- som, which he and his people have taken, and that he undertook to travel with the same your Lieutenant, against whatsoever enemy or rebel, upon his warning, in such sort that he sent Manus, his brother, with a great multitude of their people, to serve upon that said O'Conor, which is forty miles and more from their country. And also he rode against O'Hanlon, a great chieftain of his nation, and Irish enemy, in the same parts of Ulster, and warred so strongly upon him, that he was compelled by force to yield him- self to your peace, and undertook to ride against all Irish enemies and English rebels, at his pleasure, in such sort that he did serve with three hundred men and more upon the aforesaid Mac Mahon, and after that disloyally rose up again in wars, and destroyed your faithful lieges, and presently your said Lieutenant thereupon or- 32 GENERAL HISTORY OF dered divers great journeys upon him in his country, where he burnt, foraged, and destroyed many thereof, and wounded and killed many of his people, and cut a great place through a long wood, in breadth of two leagues or more, through terror of which thing he daily made supplication to have peace, and put in his hostages for the safe keeping thereof. The great O'Xeile pre- tending himself to be King of the Irish in Ulster, and O'Neile Buy, son to Mac Guinness, Mac Guire, O'Donnell, great and powerful chieftains of their nation, and divers other Irish enemies, hearing of the cutting of the same place, and of the damage and destruction done also to the said O'Hanlon, and doubting the like to be done to them by your Lieutenant, sent to him to have peace, and to do him service, and also to serve with him upon all other Irish enemies and English rebels. " And also he caused in many places every Irish enemy to serve upon the other, which thing hath not been seen by long time in these parts, until the coming of your Lieutenant aforesaid, and he hath accomplished divers other journeys and labours for the said relief and comfort of your faithful lieges on this side the sea ; and in especially at the making hereof in repairing and mending of a bridge called the bridge of Athy, set in the fronture of the borders of the Irish enemies of Leix, for the safe keeping whereof he hath erected a new tower upon the same for a ward to put there- with a great fortification about the same for resistance of the said enemies, to the great comfort of the English, and great overthrow of the Irish enemies, by which bridge your faithful lieges were oftentimes preyed and killed : but now your said lieges both there and elsewhere may suffer their goods and chattels to remain in the fields day and night, without being stolen, or sustaining any other loss, which hath not been seen here by the space of these thirty years past, God be thanked, and your gracious provision — And moreover, we beseech your gracious Lordship, to have your said Lieutenant especially recommended unto you for his great con- tinual labours and costs which he hath borne and sustained about the deliverance of the Earl of Desmond, who was falsely and de- ceitfully taken and detained in prison by his uncle, to the great destruction of all the country of Munster, until now that he is gratuitously delivered by the good and gracious government of the same your Lieutenant." THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 33 This singular picture of the state of Ireland, and the guilty misgovernment of those viceroys, who are most extolled, is pre- served in the Lansdowne Manuscripts, and printed in the Second Series of Mr. Ellis's Letters (vol. i. p. 54, Szc.) It is signed by the Bishop of Kildare, sundry abbots and priors, Thomas Lenfant, Baron of Ardee ; Richard Nugent, Baron of Delvin ; Matthew Hussey, Baron of Galtrim ; Thomas Marward, Baron of Serine ; the mayor and bailiffs of the city of Dublin, and several other heads of corporations, the sheriff of Dublin, kc. ; Robert Burnell, Robert White of Killester, Thomas Talbot of Malahide, Walter Plunket, Richard Talbot of Meath, William Fitzwilliam, Morris Walsh, Walter Harold, William Walsh, John Eustace, Edward Eustace, Richard Fitz Eustace, William White of the county Dublin, Thomas Cusack, Lucas Dowdall, vkc. kc. &c. In 1422 the council in Dublin directed that on account of " the notorious war, waged by the O'Tooles on the liege men of the counties of Dublin and Kildare, the same forces of men at arms and archers should be continued as theretofore, to oppose them, and the same subsidy raised."* In 1429, by writ, reciting that Sir John Sutton, Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland, had lately made a successful incursion on the O'Byrnes of the county Wicklow, at his own expense, for which the sheriff of this county and its crosses was ordered to provide 100 " carts" of victuals, 800 men with axes and bundles of wood, 100 men with M iron tools," and 200 with a caltrops ;" toge- ther with victuals for six days, under certain penalties which had been incurred by his neglect in that behalf, all said penalties were by the king directed to be forthwith paid to the said Lord Lieutenant.* In 1431 his Majesty assigned Thomas Hartley and Thomas Bathe to take the prisage of wines to the king's use. in certain harbours within the counties of Dublin. Meath, and Louth.j In 1465 it was enacted that every Irishman, dwelling betwixt or amongst Englishmen, in this county, as well as in those of Meath, Uriel, (Louth.) and Kildare, " shall go like to one Eng- * Rot. in Cane. Hib. t Ibid. D 34 GENERAL HISTORY OF lishman in apparel, and shaving of his beard above the mouth, and shall be within one year sworn the liege man of the king, and shall take to him an English surname of one town, as Sutton, Chester, Trim, Serine, Cork, Kinsale ; or colour, as white, black, brown ; or art or science, as smith, or carpenter ; or office, as cook, butler, &c, and that he and his issue shall use this name under pain of forfeiting his goods yearly." In 1488, by an act of the parliament of Drogheda, the bounds of " the four obedient shires," constituting the Pale; (Dublin, Meath, Kildare, and Uriel or Louth,) were thus traced. " From Merrion, inclusive, to the water of the Dodder, by the new ditch to Sag- gard, Rathcoole, Kilhell, Rathmore, and Ballymore, &c. Thence to the county of Kildare, into Ballycutlan, Harristown, and Naas, and so thence to Clane, Kilboyne, and Kilcock, in such manner that the towns of Dalkey, Carrickbrennan, Newtown, Roches- town, Clonken, Smethistown, Ballyboteer, (Booterstown), with Thorncastle, and Bullock, were in Dublin shire." From Kilcock the bounds appear to have run to the Rye water, thence by Bal- lyfeghin to the parish of Laracor, thence to Bellewstown, by the Boyne, " and so as the Blackwater runneth from Athboy, and so to Blackcawsey by Rathmore, to the hill of Lyde, and then to Muldahege and the parish of Tallen, and Donaghpatrick, Clongell, and so to Syddan, and so down to Maundevillestown, by West Ardee, and so to the water of Dundugan, and so as that water goeth to the sea."* In 1500 the king appointed Robert Burnell of Balgriffin, she- riff of this county, committing the custody thereof to his care. A state paper of 1515 mentions that only half of the county of Dublin was then subject to the king's laws, and singularly adds, that all the common people of the said half, who exhibited such marks of allegiance, were, " for the most part, of Irish birth, of Irish habit, and of Irish language ;" that the other half had nei- ther justices nor sheriff. The document is eloquently indicative of the impolicy so long pursued in the government of this country, of denying, or dispensing with a niggard hand, those measures of Liber Niger. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 35 justice, which the neighbouring, and what good taste would have styled, the sister island, so liberally enjoyed. Cimon is said to have levelled his fences that all might gather his fruit, but the English rulers of the Pale affected a diametrically contrary course. The benefit of English laws was extended only with English en- croachments. The writ ran not beyond the road that the sword had hewn for its " transmission ;" and Sir John Davis establishes without doubt, that this decided refusal of a general communica- tion of rights was the true cause why Ireland was not brought into subjection for centuries. If William the Conqueror had so cast all the English natives out of his protection, and held them as aliens and enemies to the crown, the Normans might, perhaps, have spent as many troubled generations in the acquisition of Eng- land. About the year 1520, the Earl of Surrey, then Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland, acquainted the king with " the imminent dan- gers that were likely to ensue to the four shires, being under the king's obedience, (Dublin, Meath, Kildare, and Louth,) as well by reason of such confederacies as be made betwixt O'Neill and others, the Irish rebels, as also with the Scots being deter- mined to enter that land this summer under the conducting of the Earl of Argyle, and to join with the said O'Neill and others, the king's disobedient subjects, for the destruction and final ex- termination of Englishry, which puissance, as he affirmeth, can- not be resisted with such small number as the said Lieutenant hath there." In 1524, by indentures entered into on the appointment of the Earl of Kildare to the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland, the said Earl " granted" that he should cause sheriffs, escheators, coroners, and other officers, to be made yearly in the shires of Dublin, Meath, Louth, kc, and cause justices of peace to be appointed within the same shires, or in as many of them as he might conve- niently, and oblige them to keep quarter sessions yearly, and to hear and determine suits, with the accruing benefit of all fines and amerciaments.* * State Papers temp Hen. VIII. Part 3, p. 116. D 2 36 GENERAL HISTORY OF In 1534 the Lord Deputy and Council were directed to take order, " that gaols for receiving and keeping of felons and other malefactors, be ordained within the counties of Dublin, Meath, Kildare, &c, in Leinster, and elsewhere as they may bring the same to purpose as well within franchises and liberties as other- wise. " Item, that in every of the said shires, and in the places aforesaid, and the marches of the same, there be quarter sessions kept, and the king's judges ride the circuit there twice by the year, as shall be appointed in the commission by the Deputy un- der the great seal. Item, that the Deputy do his best that the king's writs and process may be obeyed, as well in the marches of the counties of Dublin, Meath, and Uriel, (Louth), as in all t>tlier places aforesaid."* In 1536 the Lord Deputy and Council made a report to the ■king in the following terms. " Without doubt, the inhabitants of these your four shires of Dublin, Meath, Kildare, and Uriel, (Louth,) hath been so spoiled, oppressed, and robbed, as they be not of ability to give to your Grace any notable thing otherwise than they be charged already ; yea, and though they had never sus- tained such damages, the circuit of the same, where, and in effect no where else, the revenues that you have being now competently, according to the time and place augmented, been levied, in com- parison the residue is so small in compass and number of inhabi- bitants, as if they should grant to your Highness the twentieth part of their yearly rents, the same should not amount to any such sum as should be to your Highness' contentacion in this behalf ; and your Majesty, having the same of them only, should, as we think, be such a servitude and hindrance unto them, they also do- ing service in their proper persons to all journeys without wages, besides many other exceeding charges and impositions, as then they should be the less able to do the like in time coming- Wherefore our advice shall be to your Grace, for to frame the Earl of Ossory and his son that your revenues may be levied in the shires of Kilkenny, Tipperary, Wexford, and Waterford likewise as they be here, wherein to the contrary they have no reasonable excuse, other than your subjects in these parts, have ; and they * Slate Papers, temp., Hen. VIII. Part 3, p. 210. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 37 being conformable thereunto, as they must be, if it be your gra- cious pleasure the same may be levied there ; and they then see- ing the parties under their rule charged thereto, will the more willingly further the levying of your like revenues elsewhere, so as your Highness having the same levied but within the said eight or nine shires, together with the profits that may grow by the resumption of your customs and otherwise, shall amount to a good sum yearly ; and, considering that now the season of the year approacheth wherein Englishmen cannot well travel to do service, that unless your Grace intend a further enterprise, we think five or six hundred of your army may be discharged out of wages of the worst of them, and your Deputy to choose out of the whole of the best the number that shall remain. And, percase, your Grace be in purpose to make a further reformation, as we think it be ho- nourable, needful, and in the end profitable, at the least of these parts of Leinster betwixt Dublin and Waterford, which, as we think, might shortly be brought to a conformity and subjection if it were earnestly set to, it shall be good your Grace, resolving you there- upon, appoint after what sort the same shall proceed ; for the execution whereof, we think it necessary and expedient that, con- sidering the most part of this army hath been so noselled in rob- bery, disobedience, and other offences, and also, their horses for the most part consumed and spent, that others be appointed and sent hither in their steads, which shall be more meet to serve the purpose. Assuring your Highness, that having the said quarter between Dublin and Waterford reformed, your own sub- jects were able to resist the residue of the land without exhaust- ing or disbursing of any part of your treasure from thence. So knoweth the blessed Trinity, who preserve your most royal estate in long life and prosperous health. From your City of Dublin, the 29th day of October. Your Highness' humble and most obedient subjects, Signed, Pour Leonard Gray. William Brabazon. J. Lord Trimleston, Chancellor. Gerald Aylmer, Justice. George Dublin, " your Grace's Thomas Luttrell, Justice. Chaplain." Patrick Finglas, Baron. J. Rawson, Prior of Kilmainham. John Allen, Mr. of the Rolls." 38 GENERAL HISTORY OF In 1537, Justice Luttrell thus earnestly represented the ruinous consequences of extorting coyne and livery in this county, and the Pale generally. — " Item, all lords and gentlemen and farmers, if they be horsemen of the four shires, (very few excepted,) that dwell without these limits hereafter mentioned, that is to say, from Dublin to Tallagh, and so by the mountain foot unto Oughterard, and thence unto St. Woolstans and to Leixlip, and thence to the barony of Dunboyne, Rathergan, and as the high- way extendeth thence to Trim unto Athboy, and from Athboy to Ardbraccan, and from Ardbraccan to Slane, and from Slane to Mellifont and to Drogheda, and so as the sea extendeth to Dub- lin, taketh horse meat and man's meat for their horsekeepers, and for all other horses and their keepers that resorteth to their houses, upon their poor farmers continually, which little precinct is not much above twenty miles in length nor in breadth : and yet, within the same precinct, many times both some lords and gentlemen setteth the charge of their horses and their keepers over their farmers/'* — In the same year, Richard Savage was appointed Chief Serjeant of the baronies of the county of Dublin, and of the royal cantred of Newcastle, near Lyons. In 1559, Christopher, the twentieth Lord of Howth, was joined in commission with Hugh, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chan- cellor, John Plunket, Esq., Chief Justice of the King's Bench, James Bathe, Esq., Chief Baron of the Exchequer, the Lord Mayor of Dublin, Richard Finglas, Sergeant at Law, James Barne- wall, Attorney General, William Talbot, of Malahide, Esq., Christopher Barnewall, of Gracedieu, Esq., James Stanihurst, Recorder, the Sheriff of the county of Dublin, &cc, for mustering the military force of this county. — In the following year, Baron Finglas and Thomas Fitz Williams were its representatives in a parliament, to which only those of ten counties were summoned ; the rest of the assembly, to the number of seventy-six, having been citizens and burgesses of the towns in which the royal authority was predominant ; and in this parliament the Act of Uniformity was passed. In 1561, the Archbishop of Dublin, and the Deans of his two * State Papers, temp. Hen. VIII. p. 504. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 39 cathedrals, were appointed with others to array the militia of this county, during the absence of the viceroy, the Earl of Sussex, who was at that time engaged in the North against O'Neill. And in 1563, Lord Howth was, during the absence of the Lord Lieutenant, who had marched into Ulster against Shane O'Neill, again joined in a commission for the civil government of the city and county of Dublin, the confines and marches thereof, as well within liberties as without, with power to pursue all rebels with fire and sword, and all who should attempt any mischief against the Queen's subjects within the English Pale. A manuscript of the same century, yet extant, defines this county as extending in length from Balrothery to Arklow, « a principal Castle of the Earl of Ormond," including all the King's lands, the mountains of the O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, and Rainilough, called Pheagh Mac Hugh's country, also Shilough Ferderough, and the rest of the country which is the Liberty of the Arch- bishop of Dublin, also the islands of Lambay, " the Eye," and Dalkey. It enumerates the gentry of English descent therein, The Archbishop of Dublin. St. Lawrence, Lord of Howth. Sir Patrick Barnewall, of Turvey. Sir Thomas Fitz Williams. William Bathe, junior. Richard Netterville. Allen of Palmerstown. Christopher Seagrave. Sergeant Fitz Simons. Henry Burnell. Finglas of Walmestown. Barnewalls of Dunbro. J ohn Walsh, of Shanganagh. Talbots of- Malahide. Belgard. Templeogue. ■ Fassaroe. Walsh, of Carrickmain. Sir Henry Harrington. Jacques Wingfield. Sir William Collier. The Dean of St. Patrick's. Gouldings. Luttrels. Delahoydes, and Archbolds. " The mere Irish," are thus stated, O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, Pheagh Mac Hugh. " Most part of the Irish," it adds, " are worn away, their heads being removed, so as they now run wandering and straying about the country in companies, having no certain abode." 40 GENERAL HISTORY OF This curious record enumerates the following as " walled and good towns :" Dublin, Swords, Balrothery, Howth, Newcastle, Bray, Clondalkin, Wicklow, Fieldstown, and Ballymore. And the following as castles and garrisons : Dublin, Wicklow, New- castle, Howth, Arklow, Donore, Monkstown, Holmpatrick, the Wards, Belgard, Castleknock, Malahide, Dunbro, and Balgriffin. It may be here remarked, that by a statute of the thirty-sixth year of Henry the Sixth, (1458,) reciting that divers towns and villages in Ireland, on the highways, were made waste by the robbery of thieves in the night by default of enclosure, stopping, and ditch- ing, it was enacted, " that every inhabitant thereof might stop, ditch, and enclose the said towns and villages in the strongest manner that they could, so as there should be a competent and sufficient highway left and made for carts and carriages through or near the said towns or villages, so that people might not be interrupted in their passage from market to market, nor that the highways be not made far about, not above forty perches.'' During the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, a fine of one shilling per week was levied on every person within this county, who absented himself from the Protestant worship. In 1601, on occasion of the hosting for the Queen's service, the muster in the baronies of this county was as follows : Bal- rothery 26 archers, Coolock 30, Newcastle 18, Castleknock 1 1, and in Rathdown 10, besides 12 horsemen. By a statute of 1634, (10 Chas. 1, Sess. 2, c. 24,) reciting that the trade of fishing for herrings, pilchards, and sean fish with- in the counties of Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Clare, Galway, Mayo, Sligo, and other counties within this realm, had of late time been very great and profitable as well to divers of the fishermen as other his Majesty's sub- jects, that for the necessary use of the taking of said fish, divers persons within the said counties called balkors, huors, condors, directors, or guidors, at the fishing time had used to watch on the high hills and grounds near adjoining to the sea coasts, to give notice to the fishermen when such fish came near the coast, and for guiding them on the sea coasts, and that divers persons, hav- ing lands adjoining these coasts, threatened to sue not only such balkors, huors, &c, but also the fishermen for breaking their closes and? drawing their nets on their lands, so as to deter said THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 41 balkors, huors, &c. and fishermen; for remedy thereof and the maintenance of the said trade of fishing, such practices were declared lawful; and, if any suits so threatened should be brought, it was directed that the statute might be pleaded in defence with the consequential sanction of damages and costs. In 1640, proclamations issued to restrain hawking and hunting within seven miles of the metropolis. In November 1641, when the lords justices and council affected a shew of confidence in the gentry of the Pale, and gave commissions of martial law, they directed one for this county to Henry Talbot, and a commission of government for the same to Nicholas Barnewall. The latter warrant, after reciting that divers most disloyal and malignant persons within Ireland had trai- torously conspired against his Majesty, his peace, crown, and dig- nity, and in execution of their conspiracy had made destruction and devastation of the persons and estates of divers his Majesty's good and loyal subjects, empowered the person so commissioned to levy within the prescribed county all forces, horse and foot, to resist, kill and slay, " as well by battle or otherwise," all traitors and their adherents according to his discretion, to proceed against them by martial law by hanging them, according as it had been accustomed in times of open rebellion, to waste and spoil their castles, &c. or otherwise to receive their submissions and give them forbearance, to parley with them and grant protections, &c. And all his Majesty's sheriffs, officers, &c. in the said county were thereby ordered to obey and be assisting in the premises. The vicissitudes and changes of property that " followed hard upon" the civil war of this period, shall be fully detailed in the progress of the work, at the respective localities affected by its visitation. The total amount of profitable land forfeited on that occasion in this county alone, was returned by Sir William Petty as 67,142a. 2r. 26p , the unprofitable as 1,666a.; the commons lying between forfeited and unforfeited lands as 706a., and the glebe and church lands as 4,379a. In relation to these forfeitures it may be remarked, that the Down Survey, and the Books of Dis- tribution of the confiscations in this district, have escaped the fire that so much impaired the maps of other parts of Ireland, and are preserved in a perfect state. 42 GENERAL HISTORY OF In June, 1654, Oliver Cromwell issued a writ to the sheriff of this county, as he did to some other Irish sheriffs, stating that a parliament was to be held at Westminster in the ensuing Septem- ber, and commanding him to cause a fit person " to serve as knight, with his sword girt, for said county, so that the said knight may have full and sufficient power for himself and the people of that county, to do and consent unto those things which then and there by common council of the said commonwealth in parliament (by God's blessing) shall be ordained upon the weighty affairs afore- said;" which writ was duly executed and returned in the August following, and ColonelJohn Hewson,*of Luttrellstown, was elected accordingly. The indenture of certain freeholders, annexed to the return of the writ, after stating the election of Hewson, con- tains the curious proviso : " provided, and it is hereby de- clared, that the person so chosen shall not have power to alter the government as it is now settled in one single person and in a parliament." There are in the state paper room council office, baronial re- turns made in 1656 to the Protector's council for the affairs of Ireland, specifying the Roman Catholic proprietors of land in this county. There is also its rental, taken in 1670, preserved in the vice treasurer's office. The difficulty, however, and expense of access to these and other public offices, completely precludes in- vestigation for literary purposes, while possibly such records would be rather matter of legal and personal value, than suited for popular publication. The quantity of lands forfeited in this county in the civil war of 1688, was returned by the trustees as 34,536 acres, then valued at the annual rental of £16,061 6s. 0d., and the total value of £208,796 18s. 0d. The particulars of this transfer of property also shall be detailed at the localities affected, the maps and abstracts of which are likewise of record, and mostly in good order, but not certified. There are some who would pronounce the publication of these forfeitures and attainders as futile, if not mischievous, as if their recital and specification could be supposed to invite and guide the landless heirs of the old proprietors in the summary prosecution of * See of him, post, at " Luttrellstown." THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 43 less civil ejectments ; while it might, with more probability, be ap- prehended, that unfriendly feelings would be thereby excited, and family feuds warmed into venomous resuscitation. The first grounds of objection were dismissed with little deference. Even if the heirs of the old proprietors could be now ascertained beyond the contention of kindred houses, they would be found commin- gled with the new in other relations of property and alliance, "That could not — would not be undone j" marriages, debts, devises, purchases and tenancies, settlements, mortgages, wills, conveyances and leases, operating over those estates for nearly two centuries in reference to the forfeitures of 1641, and nearly a century and an half in reference to those of 1688, have raised up such reactions of interest, such occupancies in the new superstructure, as it would be irrational to think its present possessors would combine for its dilapidation. The latter objection is unhappily too well justified by the long continued factions that have grown out of these civil wars. An Englishman cannot conceive how private passions could be incited into deadly operation in the nineteenth century by the suggestion of those war-whoops that fired the young blood of the sixteenth. He would shrink from the maniac, who would seek to provoke him to hostility with his neighbour friend, because their long "sheet- ed ancestors" had been pitted in the wars of the Roses. The historian of Scottish events encounters political junctures, that in their time were equally productive of national disunion, but the Caledonian is no longer exasperated by their fullest details. They were the workings of a conflict gone by, and must be more old and obsolete than the cherished and harmonious associations of " auld lang syne." The master spirit of their chronicles, he who has not left a line behind him that could reproach his memory, has fearlessly projected the most heart stirring conflicts of those feudal times, and his countrymen more than participate with the literary world in the chivalries of his narrative, and the classic interest he has shed over every scene he touched. Unfortunately it has not been so hitherto in Ireland. When national conflicts subsided, family factions sprang from their ashes, and so, with more than phcenix perpetuity, have protracted their ex- 44 GENERAL HISTORY OF istence almost to the hours of yesterday. Even the name of reli- gion was profanely advanced as a sanction for persecution : but the mask soon became the mould, and, to all but the wearer, exhi- bited with fiendish fidelity the lineaments it was intended to con- ceal. The political mirror has, however, at length been held up, and vice begins to see its own deformity. Confident, therefore, that the feelings adverted to shall, be- fore those pages issue from the press, be confined to a class of persons not likely to peruse them, suggestions of unwelcome con- tingencies have been overruled, in the paramount necessity of leaving unbroken what may be called the most important links in the pedigree of Irish property. The gentry of the county at the close of the seventeenth pentury, as far as enumerated in the Act of Subsidies and Sup- plies, (10 Will. III. c. 3,) were, Sir Richard Bulckley, Sir Thomas Domville, Sir Arthur Cole, baronets ; Sir Walter Plunket, Sir William Domville, Sir John Coghill, knights ; Robert Moles- worth, Henry Montgomery, Richard Foster, John Allen, Robert Echlin, Dixy Coddington, Agmondisham Vesey, Henry Cooley, Richard Bolton, John Smith, Robert Curtis, Philip Savage, Henry Echlin, Doctor Patrick Grattan, Thomas Keightley, Christian Bor, Marmaduke Coghill, James Grace, &c. &c. The last century presents scarcely any event of interest pecu- liarly applicable to the county at large. It may, however, be mentioned, that in 1729 it gave birth to Hugh Hamilton, who became a fellow of Trinity College in 1751, was appointed Bishop of Clonfert in 1796, Bishop of Ossory in 1799, and was author of several works of divinity and natural philosophy. In 1736, the number of Protestant families in the county was calculated as 1928, and the Roman Catholic as 6336, being in the proportion of nearly one to three. In 1763 the first act of importance was passed, authorizing the peculiar assessment of this county, for the repairs of high- ways, &c, according to the ancient table by which it had from time immemorial been assessed to subsidies and other land taxes. The statute is the more worthy of notice here, as furnishing that scale of parochial, baronial, and acrcable contents, which has hi- therto been the only, but erroneous guide for statistical inquiry, A subsequent act, 26 Geo. III. c. 14, confirmed the provisions of THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 45 this, and the inequitable criterion, by which properties continued to be assessed, according to their ancient state, without due con- sideration of the changes that had taken place in the value, pro- ductiveness, actual contents, and parochial arrangement of the se- veral denominations. In 1777 an act of parliament was passed authorizing a commis- sion of perambulation to ascertain the boundaries of the county, as distinguished from those of the city of Dublin, in places where the same were uncertain. In 1785, Mr. Rogerson, of the county Carlo w, directed by his will, that his estates should be sold, and after payment of certain legacies, that the rest of his property should be vested in the In- corporated Society for establishing Charter Schools in Ireland. Only so much, however, of his estates as was required to discharge his legacies was sold, and the Society obtained possession of the remainder, which were, in 1809, valued at £1770 per annum Irish, and, being situated respectively in the counties of Cork and Dublin, their rents were allocated accordingly, £780 per annum to the objects of that society in this county, and the residue to those in Cork. In 1799 Prince Edward, the fourth son of his late Majesty King George the Third, was created Duke of Kent and Strath- earne and Earl of Dublin. At the commencement of the present century, according to Archer's Statistical Survey, there were in this county 49 corn mills, 18 bleach mills, 17 paper mills, 11 woollen machines, 10 flour mills, G iron works, 6 cotton machines, 2 gunpowder mills, 2 oil mills, 2 tuck mills, 1 cloth mill, and 19 mills for miscellaneous uses. SUCCESSION OF THE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 1376 Nicholas Howth and Richard White, Esquires. 1595 Baron Finglass and Thomas Fitzwilliams, Esquire. 1585 Richard Netterville and Henry Burnell, Esquires. 1G13 Sir Christopher Plunket and Thomas Luttrell, of Luttrclls- town, Esquire. 46 GENERAL HISTORY OF 1639 Nicholas Barnewall, of Turvey, and Peter Barnewall, of Tyrenure, Esquires. 1654 (Cromwell's parliament.) Colonel John Hewson. 1661 Sir William Domville, Attorney General, and Sir William Usher. 1689 (King James's parliament.) Simon Luttrell, of Luttrellstown, and Patrick Sarsfield, jun. of Lucan, Esquires. 1 692 John Allen and Chambre Brabazon, Esquires. 1695 Robert Molesworth and Edward Deane, Esquires. 1703 John Allen and Joseph Deane, Esquires. 1713 Right Honourable Chambre Brabazon, commonly called Lord Brabazon, and Joseph Deane, Esquire. 1715 Honourable Edward Brabazon and the Right Honourable John Allen. 1717 William Domville, Esquire, (on the Honourable Edward Brabazon becoming Earl of Meath,) and the Right Ho- nourable John Allen. 1719 Honourable Edward Brabazon and Wm. Domville, Esquire. 1727 Honourable Edward Brabazon, and Sir Compton Domville, Bart. 1761 Right Honourable Sir Compton Domville, Bart., and An- thony Brabazon, Esquire. 1762 Right Honourable Sir Compton Domville, Bart., and the Honourable Henry Brabazon, commonly called Lord Bra- bazon. 1765 Right Honourable Sir Compton Domville, Bart., and the Honourable Anthony Brabazon, commonly called Lord Brabazon. 1767 Honourable Anthony Brabazon, commonly called Lord Bra- bazon, and Charles Domville, Esquire. 1769 Honourable Anthony Brabazon, commonly called Lord Bra- bazon, and Joseph Deane, Esquire. 1773 Joseph Deane and Luke Gardiner, Esquires. 1776 Luke Gardiner, Esquire, and Sir Edward Newenham, Knt. 1790 Right Honourable Luke Gardiner, and the Honourable William Brabazon ; and on the latter becoming Earl of Meath, John Finlay, Esquire, was elected in his place. 1791 Sir Edward Newenham, Knt , and Richard Wogan Talbot, Esquire. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 1792 Sir Edward Newenham, Knt., and John Finlay, Esquire. 1797 Hans Hamilton and Frederick John Faulkiner, Esquires both of whom voted against the Union. 1807 Hans Hamilton and Richard Wogan Talbot, Esquires. 1824 Richard Wogan Talbot and Thomas White, Esquires. 1825 Richard Wogan Talbot and Henry White, Esquires. 1830 Lord Brabazon and Henry White, Esquire. 1833 Christopher Fitzsimon and George Evans, Esquires. SUCCESSION OF THE SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN, (As far as ascertained.) 1302 John Woodlock. 1326 John Brett. 1336 Adam Talbot. 1356 Robert Cadell. 1372 William Fitz William. 1380 Reginald Talbot. 1381 Richard White. 1382 William Fitz William. 1388 Richard Talbot. 1396 William Ardern. 1403 Thomas Mareward. 1406 John Fitz Maurice. 1408 Walter Tyrrel. 1425 Sir Walter Tyrrel. 1427 Sir Robert Hollywood. 1500 Robert Burnell, 1545 Toole. 1560 Sir Christr. Barnewall. 1600 Sir Christopher Plunket. 1613 Sir Thomas Williams, knt. 1615 -Perrott. 1634 William Sarsfield. 1639 Philip Hore. 1642 Thomas Bennett. 1643 William Ball. 1647 Henry Roulls. 1653 John Hewson. 1661 John Baxter. 1663 Richard Barret. 1665 Sir William Dixon. 1668 Chidley Coote. 1669 Nicholas Bolton. 1670 Daniel Wybrants. 1671 John Eastwood. 1673 Robert Ball. 1674 William Basil. 1675 William Williams. 1676 John Linegar. 1677 Joseph Deane. 1678 James Springham. 1679 Edward Swan. 1680 Thomas Stepney. 1681 Robert Molesworth. 1682 Sir Phillips Coote. 1683 Daniel Reading. 1684 Sir R. Bellingham. 1685 Thomas Crowe. 1686 Henry Fernley. 1687 Thomas Warren. 1688 John Stanley. 48 GENERAL HISTORY OF 1689 Thomas Warren. 1690 Richard Forster, July 10, by K. William, in the camp at Crumlin. 1691 John Allen. 1692 Edward Deane. 1693 Sir Anthony Piercy. 1694 Richard Morris. 1695 Dixie Coddington. 1696 Thomas Stepney. 1697 Bernard Browne. 1698 Hugh Rowley. 1699 Christian Bor. 1700 Paul Davis. 1701 Edward Swan. 1702 W'illiam Usher. 1703 Charles Wallis, ] 704 Henry Percy. 1705 John Sale. 1 706 John Linegar. 1707 Sir John Rogerson, knt. 1708 Plunket, of Rath- beale. 1709 Sir Rich. Kennedy, Bart. 1710 Richard Bolton. 1711 Robert Stubbers. 1712 Folliott Sherigley. 1713 Clement Barry, of Sag- gar d. 1714 William Thornton. 1715 Francis Harrison. 1716 Richard Tighe. 1717 David Chaigneau. 1718 Robert Peppard. 1719 Samuel Hill. 1720 John Nevill. 1 721 John Falkiner. I 1722 Thomas Grace. | 1723 Edward Bolton. 1724 Sir Compton Domville, of Templeogue, Bart. 1725 Richard Forster. 1726 Richard Elsington. 1727 John Baker. 1728 William Smith, of Lissen- hall. 1729 Benedict Arthur, of Ca- bragh. 1730 William Swan. 1731 Robert Percy. 1732 Allen Johnston, of Kil- ternan. 1733 William Usher, of Usher's Island. 1734 Jeremiah Donovan, of Little Bray. 1735 John Sherigley. 1736 John Vernon of Clontarf. 1737 Thomas Granger. 1738 John Cusack of Rathgar. 1739 John Bonham. 1740 Robert Dal way. 1741 Arthur Mervyn of Bald- winstown. 1742 Mark Synnot of Drum- condra-lane. 1743 Allen Johnson of Kilter- nan, jun. 1744 Thomas Dance of Bally- boghill. 1745 Charles Davys of Hamp- stead. 1746 John Gore Booth. 1747 Lewis Jones. THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 49 1 748 John Putland. 1749 Hamilton Gorges of Rath- beale. 1750 Thomas Jones. 1751 Mason Gerard. 1752 Isaac Drury. 1753 Joseph Deane of Tyre- nure. 1754 John Adair of Kilternan. 1755 Edward Maunsell of Rochestown. 1756 William Busk. 1757 William Fairbrother. 1758 Thomas Cobbe of New- bridge. 1759 Robert Tynte of Old Bawn. 1760 SirSimonBradstreet, Bart. 1761 John Onge. 1762 Sir Henry Echlin. 1763 Edward Newenham. 1765 Richard Robins of Old Connaught. 1766 Abel Onge. 1767 William Jones. 1768 Edward Vernon. 1 769 Tsaac Espinasse. 1770 John Malpas. 1771 Joseph Sirr. 1772 Richard Anderson, 1773 Sir George Ribton. 1774 Thomas Baker. 1775 Thomas Kennan. # # * * * # 1784 William Holt. 1786 Nathaniel Warren. 1787 Smith Steele. John Trail. 1788 John Vernon. 1789 Charles Stanley Monk. 1791 Edward Kennedy. 1792 Joseph Atkinson. 1793 Joseph Paul Meredith. 1794 Sir George O'Kelly. 1795 George Vesey. 1796 David Latouche. 1797 Christopher Clinch. 1798 Alexander Kirkpatrick. 1799 John Garnett. 1800 John White. 1801 John Faulkner. 1802 Right Hon. R. Annesley. 1803 Hans Hamilton. 1804 Luke White. 1805 Robert Alexander. 1806 Robert Shaw. 1807 John Hamilton. 1808 Andrew Savage. Richard Manvers. 1809 Alexander Hamilton. Hon. Hans Blackwood. 1810 John Arthur. 1811 John Campbell. 1812 William Rathbourne. 1813 Sir H. Wilkinson. 1814 John Hamilton. 1815 William James Alexander. 1816 Sir Compton Domville. 1817 James John Hamilton. 1818 Hon. Eyre Coote. 1819 Richard Verschoyle. 1820 Sir Richard Steele. E COLLEGE LIBRARY 50 GENERAL HISTORY, ETC. 1821 Charles Cobbe. 1822 George Woods. 1823 John Kennedy. 1824 Sir John Ribton. 1825 John David Latouchc. 1826 Joshua Spenser. 1827 Thomas R. Needham. 182S Hon. Edward Witigfield. 1829 George Evans. 1830 Hon. Thomas Barnewall. 1831 Sir Josiah C. Coghill. 1832 James Hans Hamilton. 1833 Richard Manders. 1834 Fenton Hort. 1835 Lord Brabazon. 1836 Sir William Palmer. 51 THE FIRST EXCURSION, With which this History commences, enters at once into THE BARONY OF COOLOCK, a district immediately adjoining the liberties of the metropolis at their northern boundary, washed on the east by the Irish Sea, into which it projects the fine promontory of Howth, bounded at the north by the baronies of Balrothery and Nethercross, and on the west by that of Castleknock. According to the be- fore-mentioned return of 1824, this barony contains twenty parishes and one part of a parish, subdivided into eighty-two townlands or 20,940 acres, of which 2,398 are therein set down as waste. The parishes enumerated are, St. George's, (in connexion with the city,) Grangegorman, Artane, Beldoyle, Balgriffin, St. Doulogh's, Cloghran, Clon- tarf, Clonturk, Coolock, Glasnevin, Howth, Killeigh, Killester, Killossery, (part,) Kinsaly, Malahide, St. Margaret's, Portmarnock, Ratheny, and Santry, to which the Down Survey adds parts of Finglas and Swords. Such of these as are maritime gently slope to the water, occasionally undulated, but, with the exception of Howth and Carrickhill on the sea, Fel- e 2 52 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. trim in the interior, and the islands of Lambay and Ireland's Eye, the barony does not exhibit any emi- nence of importance. The whole district, exclusive only of Howth, may be said to rest upon limestone, and appears to derive its name from the woods which formerly shadowed its surface. In reference to its annals, it would appear that this was a por- tion of the earliest barony erected by that title in Ireland, King John having granted the archiepiscopal estates, and particularly the lands of Coillagh, comprising, it would seern, not only large tracts in Coolock, but also portions of district in the southern parts of this county to the Archbishop of Dublin and his successors, to hold in barony tenure, whereby the prelates of this see became lords of parliament ; and in a subsequent royal charter to the said Archbishop occur the confirmatory words, " and for this grant, and for the land of Coillach, the said Archbishop gave me sixty marks of silver." This latter charter was followed immediately by grants to the see of liberties and free customs, courts, and jurisdictions, all which King John further confirmed in the fifteenth year of his reign, and particularly the district of Coillach with all its appurtenances, " in baroniam," with the reservation, however, that on the king's going into Ireland he might resume these lands on assigning others in a safe and suitable situation. Under these patents the archbishops continued to hold courts by their seneschals, as well within this barony, at Swords, Finglas, &c, as in other places within the Croceae ; enjoyed all the privi- leges of sok and sak, toll and them, infangthef, outfangthef, all pleas of the crown save four, the return of writs, assize of bread, wine, ale, views of frankpledge, with liberty of pillory, tumbrel, and thewe, &c. Like other feudal lords, they likewise established boroughs, or corporate towns, with certain liberties andMYee com- monage in particular parts of their seigniories. They had their coroners and officers ; and even these, as well as their clerks, and men residing in and about the city, had peculiar privileges, it being, however, on the other hand provided, in favour of the charter of Dublin, that the citizens should not sue in the court of the Arch- THE BARONY OF COOLOCK. 53 bishop or of his officers, where redress might be obtained in the court of the city. In this plenitude of prerogative, however, the archbishops were not exempted from contributing to the service of the state, in right of such their baronial territory; and in those chivalrous times, when every man fit to bear arms held his character in a manner by the tenure of military service, they too were required to repre- sent their fee in the field, and to maintain their " warriors for the working day." Accordingly, in 1532, when King Henry notified that for certain arduous causes, with the consent of his lieutenant, and the lords spiritual and temporal and council, he had determined to unfurl and display his banner at the hill of Owenstown, and therefore ordered his treasurer and barons to issue summonses and distringases against all those absent who were bound to render scutage on such an occasion, a notice of that nature issued to the Archbishop of Dublin, as one bound to appear in right of his barony of Coillach. The lands forfeited in 1641, in this barony, were returned as as 8,455a. profitable, while the church and glebe lands therein were stated as 120a. 3r. In 1667 a further grant was made, in augmentation of the re- venues of the see of Dublin and in pursuance of the Act of Settle- ment, of several denominations of land in this barony, as also in those of Nethercross and Uppercross. The tourist may, in this his first route, and, as it were, on the threshold of his excursions, enjoy, from a bridge over the Royal Canal, called Newcomen Bridge, a truly delightful view of the bay and its shores, and the woods of Marino, haply when waving in their summer verdure, and basking, as they may oftentimes be seen, in such a delicious cheerfulness of sunshine, as Claude Lorraine himself would have delighted to embody. Presently the road reaches 54 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. BALLYBOUGH, where was once a white flint glass manufactory, the buildings and offices of which have been latterly con- verted to the uses of vitriol works. They stand at the city side of the little river of Tolka, that here empties itself into the sea under one ancient bridge, of five rude, unornamented arches, (from which the whole locality is more usually called Ballybough- Bridge,) and another modern one, nearer to the sea by a short interval. The village is almost entirely on the opposite side of the river, comprising a few insignificant houses, some of which present, in their pointed roofs, the evi- dences of ancient villas ; but situated as it is on the bank of an area, that, at the good will and pleasure of the tide, is alternately a pool of muddy brine, or a surface of oozy strand, it certainly offers no inviting auspice to the tourist. The Tolka, which flows through it, is an unassuming stream ; it forms, however, the boundary of Coolock Barony, from the sea to Fin- glas Bridge, and, between Ballybough and the sea, is traversed by Annesley Bridge, the modem one be- fore alluded to, a handsome erection of granite, con- sisting of three semicircular arches, and exhibiting in the centre of the parapet the Annesley arms. In the centre of the village is, perhaps, the only Jewish cemetery in Ireland, containing about a rood of ground enclosed with a high wall and thinly planted with trees and shrubs, among which are a few head- stones with Hebrew inscriptions. It is remarkable BALLY BOUGH. 55 that this people never inter a second body in the same grave, an act of veneration which could not be practi- cable in extensive communities. This, however, and all the other Jewish rites of sepulture, are said to be observed in cases of interment here. Under the head of each corpse is placed a bag of earth, the face is stu- diously turned towards the East, and the mourners, returning from the grave, pluck the grass and strew it behind them. He who looks upon this Hebrew grave-yard, can- not but bethink himself of the devotion with which that nation is represented in the sacred writings, as regarding the burial places of their families, and the last wish of that affection, expressed with such pa- thetic simplicity in the entreaty of Jacob. "Bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt, but I will lie with my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt ;" and afterwards he charges his sons, " Bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron, the Hit- tite, for a possession of a burying place ; there they buried Isaac, and Rebecca his wife, and there I bu- ried Leah." " It is not very certain when the first Jews esta- blished themselves in Dublin. There is reason to suppose, however, that they were among the Dissen- ters who came to Ireland after Cromwell's conquests. He wished to encourage a people, whose supposed wealth and industry, would be likely to advance the commercial interests of the country, and form, with the rest, a barrier against the Catholic population. On 56 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. his invitation some Portuguese Jews settled in Dub- lin, where they became opulent merchants, and esta- blished a synagogue in Crane-Lane."* The Israelites were, indeed, so prepossessed by the Protector of England becoming also theirs, that it is asserted a deputation of the Asiatic Jews about this time arrived in London, with the celebrated Habbi Jacob Ben Azabel at their head, and that it was their object to make private inquiries, in order to ascertain whether Cromwell was not the expected Messiah. The historian adds, that they accordingly embraced an opportunity to interrogate his relatives, where he was born, and whether any of his ancestors in the male line could not be proved of Jewish origin. But their object transpired, and Cromwell was so incensed at their impiety, that he commanded the deputation to leave the kingdom. He, however, continued license and toleration to Jewish settlers. Those in Ireland, in time, became so numerous as to engage the attention of the legislature. In the year 1 746, a bill was passed in the House of Com- mons for naturalizing persons professing the Jewish religion in Ireland, and in the year following it was again introduced, agreed to without any amendment, and presented to the Lord Lieutenant to be trans- mitted to England. It did not, however, receive the royal assent, but miscarried, as a similar bill had done in England, in consequence, as it would appear, of the popular clamour raised in that country against such a measure. There were, at this time, about forty * Whitelaw and Walsh's Hist, of Dublin, p. 845. BALLYBOUGH. 57 Jewish families settled in Dublin, comprising 200 individuals, who had removed their synagogue to Marlborough- Green, and had purchased the above- mentioned burying-ground. Since that period, they gradually declined, and, at the commencement of the present century, there not being ten males of the body, which is necessary to constitute a synagogue, it was therefore discontinued, and the temple con- verted into a glass-house." * The children of Israel have, however, at present a synagogue in Mary's Abbey. Passing the cemetery, and continuing through the village, a narrow lane branches off at left into the once pretty suburb of Annadale. Though Ballybough sounds not quite so " tuneable as lark to shepherd's ear," yet are there some records associated with it, not perhaps unworthy of being rescued from oblivion. The Cistercianf monastery of the Blessed Virgin was entitled from the earliest period to the tithes of the whole townland.J In the commencement of the fourteenth century, the boundary of the city of Dublin, in this direction, was defined as " running through the middle of the road of the village of Ballybough, unto an ancient path of an old mill and the White Book of Christchurch, in describing the course of riding the franchises in 1488, thus details this portion of the route : — " Leaving the stone well on the left hand, they proceeded southward, until they came into the highway going into Ballybough ; and from the gate of Ballybough they came to the water of Tolka, by the bridge of Ballybough, there passing over the water, keeping by the water side southward as far as they might ride, until they came unto St. Mary's Abbey, leav- ing the abbey on the right hand. On the west of the abbey, on * Whitelaw and Walsh's Hist, of Dublin, p. 845. t See an account of this Order, post, at " Clonliffe. X Inquis. 17 Car. I. in Cane. Hib. 58 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the water side, there lieth a stone where the abbot and his monks met them again, and the abbot told them that they should have ridden west of the abbey, and so forth to the sea ; but the mayor and his brethren said " Nay ; for, by our book, when we did return back from the Tolka, we should have rid to our Lady's church of Ostmanby. And so they departed, every man repairing homeward to his lodging ; and thus the mayor and his brethren made an end of the riding their franchises." The ancient gate, alluded to in the above account, has been long since replaced by an undignified one of the turnpike order ; but the bridge, though recently repaired, still exhibits evidences of antiquity. The mill is represented by two modern works, which are rented for about £100 per annum ; one for grinding oatmeal, the other for flour. There are good stores and suitable machinery on the premises, a capital mill-race, pond, and weir. It is subject, however, to the ordinary inconveniences of the Tolka supply — in summer scanty, and in winter superabundant. In 1313, John Decer, then a private citizen, but formerly mayor of Dublin, built a bridge, extending from this town to " the causeway of the mill-pool of Clontarf, which before was a dange- rous charge but, after a considerable sum was expended upon the work, it was carried away by an inundation.* * Harris's Dublin. — The extensive liberality of this charitable Mayor should not be forgotten. It was well worthy of more than corporate imitation. He "builded at his ow r n charges the high pipe in Dublin," a bridge over the river Liffey towards St. Wolstan's, a chapel in Thomas-street, and another in Francis-street, erected a large stone pillar in the church of St. Saviour in Oxmantown, and gave the great stone for the high altar with all the church ornaments. On every Friday he entertained the brethren of the latter house at his table, and, in a time of general scarcity, imported from France three ships laden with corn, one of which he presented to the Lord Justice and militia, another to the Dominican and Augustinian seminaries, and the third he reserved for the liberal exercise of his own hospitality and bounty. On this occasion, the Prior of Christ Church, being also in want of corn and of money to purchase it, sent to this worthy Mayor a pledge of plate to the value of forty pounds, but he returned the plate with a present of twenty barrels of com. All these beneficent actions BALLYBOUGII. 59 In 1376 it was found on inquisition that the corporation of Dublin had exceeded their authority, by holding pleas of trespass in the tenement of Clonliffe, being without the bounds of the city franchises, against the King's charter granted to the Abbot and Convent of St. Mary's, Dublin ; and that the mayor and his bai- liffs usurped a praetorian authority, without the city liberties, upon John Stoad, at Ballybough in the tenement of Clonliffe. In 1510, John Netterville and John Penqueyt, having perpe- trated a murder, stolen from William Dardis a sheep of the value of eight pence, and committed other enormities, that evinced they were not born in those times " When Erin's sons were so good or so cold, As not to be tempted by woman or gold," sought sanctuary in St. Mary's Abbey, whither, when the coroner despatched the officers of Ballybough, to take charge of the said felons until delivered by due course of law, the abbot, Richard Begg, and his monks resisted this interference with their legal privileges, and succeeded in establishing the inviolability of their sanctuary. At the dissolution of the monasteries, the said abbot was found seised (inter alia) of two messuages, one hundred acres of arable, seven acres of meadow, and four of pasture in this townland ; annual value, £7 12$. 6d. ; while John Bath, of Drumcondra, was then the proprietor of some houses, and eighty acres here, as also of the mill ; all which he held of the king, in capite, by knight- service.* For a notice in 1602, see at " Dalkey." In the confiscations consequent upon the war of 1641, Sir James Wemys, the eldest son of Sir Patrick Wemys, (who was a native of Scotland, the confidential friend and Captain-Lieutenant to the Earl of Ormond in the army of King Charles the First, induced the Dominicans to insert a prayer in their litany for the pros- perity of the Mayor and City of Dublin. " Orate pro salute Majoris Ballivorum et communitatis de omni civitate Dublin, optimorum benefactorum huic ordini tuo nunc et in hora mortis." On his death, in 1332, he was buried in the monastery of his own foundation in Francis-street. * Inquis. 1624, in Cane. Hib. GO COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and from whom, through the said Sir James, the family, settled at Dunfert in the county Kilkenny, is lineally descended,) obtained a grant of a messuage, or brick tenement, and several parks near Ballybough Bridge, containing forty acres. About the same time Bath's eighty acres were granted to James Duke of York, on whose attainder the principal portion thereof was sold by the trustees of the forfeited estates to Alderman Eccles of the city of Dublin.* In 1787, the Dublin Chronicle speaks of the iron mills of Ballybough, as furnising spades, shovels, and other implements of husbandry, likewise a variety of kitchen utensils, &c, equal to any heretofore imported. The same authority mentions how successfully the manufacture of white flint glass was carried on here by an opulent company ; while plate glass for coaches was made and polished near the North Strand, and another glass- house on a very extensive scale was erecting near the North Wall, all in the immediate vicinity. The newspapers of the following year also state the export of glass services from this to Cadiz. As Ballybough was the chief furnace of this manufacture, a brief notice of its introduction into this country may not be irre- levant. Captain Philip Roche, an Irishman of good family and pos- sessed of some property, had accepted a commission from James the Second, and by being included in the Articles of Limerick, preserved his estate. He preferred, however, for a time to follow the fortunes of his master, but taking some umbrage, quitted France, and, after visiting a great part of the continent, returned to his native country. Being there incapacitated, as a Roman Catholic, from seeking a military or civil employment, he turned his attention to trade ; and, having, while on the continent, ac- quired a considerable insight into the mystery of making flint glass, conceived it might be advantageously pursued here. He made the attempt, and, after many failures and much loss, even- tually succeeded to his wish. After enjoying for some years the fruits of his spirited exertions, he died very opulent, and still more beloved and regretted. He bequeathed legacies to almost every one of his customers, who, indeed, were mostly hawkers, * Pat. in Rolls' Office. BALLYBOUGH. CI as the poverty of the country threw this branch into the hands of itinerant traders. A considerable share of his fortune devolved to his brother-in-law, who, in endeavouring to fulfil a charitable trust reposed in him, by securing a perpetuity of relief for poor widows, imprudently purchased long and valuable leases, which the severity and injustice of the penal laws (he being also a Roman Catholic) transferred to a Protestant discoverer. A Mr. Fitz Simons succeeded to the business, which, having been carried on for some time, devolved to his son ; but, proving injurious to his health, it declined in his hands, and at length he discontinued the works, and became himself an importer of English glass. It may be added, that, soon after Mr. Roche's establishment, a similar one was set up in Parsonstown, (alias Birr,) which Doctor Boate says supplied Dublin with all sorts of window and drinking glasses. " One part of the materials," he adds, " viz. the sand, they had out of England, the ashes they made in the place, of ash tree, and used no other, while the clay, for pots to melt the materials in, was procured from the North." * The botanistf will find here on the road sides, hordeum murinum, wall barley, and senebiera cor^o- ?wpus, swine's cress. — On the strand, glyceria distans, reflexed sweet grass, torilis nodosa, knotted hedge parsley, and arenaria rubra, purple sandwort. — On the muddy shores, cochlear ia Danica, Danish scurvy grass ; and on the adjacent North wall, ruppia rnari- tima, tassel pond weed, sedum acre, wall pepper, se- rastium semi decandr urn, little mouse ear chickweed, trifolium scabrum, rough rigid trefoil, flowering so * Boate's Natural History, p. 89. t In the botanic department of this work, and the classification as- signed to the respective localities, Miss Bayley's " Irish Flora," and Mr. Mackay's have been necessarily the chief authorities, with some additions from Mr. Wade's little treatises. 62 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. early as May ; apargia hirta, deficient hawkbit, cni- cus arvensis, creeping plume thistle, erigeron acre, blue flea bane, pyrethrum maritimum, sea feverfew, poa distans, reflexed meadow grass, flowering about August, a plant chiefly, though not exclusively con- fined to maritime situations, and deemed the most inferior of grasses for agricultural purposes; riccia fluitans, floating branched riccia, and lepidium rude- rale, narrow-leaved pepperwort, flowering in Septem- ber, and deriving its English name from its leaves having a taste like pepper, and being consequently often substituted for that spice by the country people, to give a relish to their viands. Pursuing the road hence by the sea side a Catholic chapel presents itself at the left, an edifice originally constructed by an humble individual of the name of Younge, as a Dominican monastery, but subsequently, with the sanction of the Most Rev. Doctor Murray, taken on lease from the Dominicans, and now appro- priated as the parochial chapel of Clonturk or Drum- condra. Mr. Younge also intended by his will to endow a school here, but his funds did not prove ade- quate to its maintenance. Passing thence, a very interesting view opens at right, especially when the tide is " at home," at which times the Pigeon-House and Light-House stand out as if insulated in the bay, while the Wicklow and Dublin mountains, in summer traversed by the fleet sunshine, in winter whitened in broad lines by the snow, appear to connect with Howth, and complete- MARINO. 63 ly to environ a space, that, but for the intrusion of the sails and the steam funnels, might be deemed a noble lake. At left is seen the classic villa of MARINO, once the favourite retreat of that honest and dignified Irish patriot, the celebrated Lord Charlemont, where, in a mansion of his own erection, he collected around him the works of ancient and modern art, and passed, in literary amusement and refined society, the meri- dian and close of his life. A gateway, modern and neat, with a centre and wings of hewn granite, of the Doric order, surmount- ed by his lordships supporters, dragons couchant, in Portland stone, supporting an escutcheon with the family arms, and relieved with the chivalrous motto, " Deo juvante, ferro comitante," " With God as my guide, And my sword by my side," announces to the tourist that he has reached the de- mesne. It comprises about 200 acres, laid out and improved with an elegance suitable to the taste of its first resident proprietor. " The house presents a square of Portland stone, sixty feet to each side, and has, in its day, been the shrine of some of the richest treasures of sculpture and painting that the most critical research over Europe could select. The gardens, though not extensive, were then tastefully ornamented ; and the Temple, a Casino from the design of Sir Richard Chambers* 64 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. though it might be thought too laboured in its em- bellishments, presented an image of what Lord Char- lemont had seen in the edifices of the accomplished Pericles. It is of the Doric order, constructed of a stone dazzlingly white, and raised on a square plat- form, ascended on the north and south by broad and expansive flights of steps. The superstructure has a portico in each front. " Those to the north and south are finished by an entablature and blockings, sup- porting statues at the angles, while the east and west porticoes are pedimented and finished by a balustrade over the wings ; an enriched medallion cornice and elaborately sculptured frieze surround the entire. — An attic rises above the porticoes, extending longi- tudinally from north to south, the ends of which are ornamented with panels and festoons, and finish- ed by antique urns, that crown the whole erection. A deep area, surrounded by a beautiful base and ba- lustrade, protects the building, at each angle of which, reposing on pedestals, like watchful sentinels, are co- lossal figures of lions."* The inside of this edifice contains a vestibule, saloon, study and boudoir, the floors of which are beautifully framed of inlaid wood, of various colours, in geometrical figures. The doors are composed of mahogany at one side and cedar at the other, both empanelled, and the mouldings round the panels richly carved. In the boudoir is a most exquisite marble chimney-piece, small, but highly sculptured with fruits, flowers, and shells. Armstrong's Fingal, MARINO. 65 u I was sensible," said the noble founder of this structure, and in the wall, near the communion table, a marble slab, to Archibald Douglas, eldest son of General Pouglas, who died in 1787. In the grave-yard is the family vault of the Vernons, some tombs of the Rochforts, Dawsons of Dawson Grove in the County of Monaghan, Mac Causlands of Omagh ; and at the eastern gable of the church, a monument to John Kilpatrick, who represented the borough of Granard in the Irish parliament, and subsequently distinguished himself at Plassey in Bengal. At one side of the church, in the demesne of Mr. Vernon, a specimen of castellated architecture has been recently erected ; at the other, are seen the house and beautiful gardens of Mr. Colville, (for- merly Lord Southwell's). The parish, in which this town is situated, bears its name, and according to the Trigonometrical Sur- vey* contains 1189a. 3r. Op. In the Protestant establishment, Clontarf ranks as a single benefice, an undivided rectory in the * The acreable contents, stated here, and in the ensuing parishes, as from the Trigonometrical Surveyors, are, of course, according to the present statutable measurement, and must be understood as kindly furnished for this work, on the best present calculation, but subject to more close revision before their invaluable maps are laid open to the public. 70 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. deanery of Finglas, and patronage of the crown, and has compounded for its tithes at £220 per annum. In the Catholic, it is united with those of Ratheny, Coolock, Santry, Glasnevin, Killester, and Drum- condra, alias Clonturk, there being four Roman Catholic churches in the union, at Clontarf, at Bally- mun (in Santry parish), at Coolock, and at Annesley Bridge, as before mentioned. The population of this parish, exclusive of the town, was returned in 1821 as 1,253 persons, and in 1831 as 2,014, while that of the town was, on the latter occasion, stated at 1,309? the Catholics bearing, in this aggregate, a proportion to those of other persuasions, somewhat greater than as two to one. Mr. Vernon is the pro- prietor of the fee. His lands are chiefly let in orna- namented or building lots, with the reservation of an acreable rent of £10 per annum; inferior portions, or such as do not suit for building, at about £7> while cabins without land produce from £4 to £5. The history of this locality, under the more ancient name of Moynealta, connects itself with the highest legends of the bardic age, which allege that Partholanus, one of the earliest invaders of Ireland, closed his adventurous life on this barren shore. Other authorities assign Howth as the place where he and all his follow- ers fell victims to the plague. It subsequently obtained the Irish name of Clontarf, i. e., the plain of the bull, from the fanciful ap- pearance of the large sand-bank in front of it, and which still re- tains the appellation in the English tongue. In 550 a church was founded here, and dedicated to St. Con- gall the Abbot, founder of the noble monastery of Bangor, and other religious houses, having, according to his biographers, 3000 monks under his care. He died about the year 600, and his fes- tival is kept on the 10th of May. From this time nothing very CLONTARF. 71 worthy of insertion occurred here, until the memorable period before alluded to, when Brian Boroimhe, the justly celebrated monarch of Ireland, was compelled to abandon his pacific plans for the improvement of a country miserably wasted by internal dissensions and foreign spoliation, and again reluctantly obliged to lead his countrymen to the field in the eightieth year of his age. He repressed their fears, kindled their enthusiasm, united their energies, gathered them to defend their country, their li» berty, their religion, and, under his practised direction, they achieved over the Danes, upon the plains of Clontarf, the proudest victory that the chronicles of Ireland record. The glories of their triumph were, however, deeply darkened by the fall of this good old king, the most splendid ornament of the O'Brien dynasty, the lawgiver and the hero, the Alfred and Epaminondas of his country. At the close of the engagement he was sacrificed by a flying party of Danes to the manes of their fallen comrades. John Wilson has included this illustrious individual amongst the martyrs, as has Fitz Simons in the catalogue of Irish saints, each following Marianus Scotus ; and, undoubtedly, if the founding and rebuilding of churches, the sheltering and maintaining persecu- ted ecclesiastics, the directing every effort of men, money, genius, and power, to restore Christianity, the ardent prosecution of a war, perhaps more holy than a crusade, from battle to battle, to arrest the sacrilegious arms of the infidel invaders of his country, gave a claim to canonization, he was eminently entitled to it. The details of the engagement are given, at much length, in the various Irish annals. The Book of Howth, naturalizing the story of Lucretia, attributes the whole catastrophe to the revenge of an injured husband. The Antiquitates Celt. Scand. are also very full in its recital, and the Leabhar Oiris, cited in O'Conor's Dissertation, (s. 18), is most diffuse, particularly in the account of the death of Brian ; and, certainly, it seems that the influence of this battle on the fortunes of Ireland well justifies a relation of the circumstances under which it was fought, and the particulars of the engagement, for which purpose the following has been se- lected, as translated by Mr. John O'Donovan chiefly from an an- cient Irish MS. entitled Cath Chluana Tarbh ; corrected, how- ever, in many parts, from the Annals of Innisfallen and Ulster, 72 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. especially in the list of the chieftains who fell in that remarkable combat ; while the account of the deaths of Brian and Morogh is translated literally from the original Irish, as given by Mr. Hardi- man in his Irish Minstrelsy, vol. ii. p. 361. It must be confessed, however, that in some of the details there appears an evident dis- position to exaggerate. " It is said that towards the end of Brian Boroihme's reign Ireland flourished in all earthly blessings ; and that so strictly were the laws obeyed, that, as we are informed by Mac Liag, chief an- tiquary of Ireland in Brian's time, a lady might travel unattended from one extremity of Ireland to the other, with a gold ring on the top of a wand, without being robbed or molested. No Danes were left in the kingdom, but such a number of artisans and mer- chants in Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, Cork, and Limerick, as he knew could be easily mastered at any time, should they dare to rebel ; and these he very wisely (as he thought) permitted to re- main in those seaport towns, for the purpose of encouraging trade and traffic, as they possessed many ships, and were experienced sailors. " But such prosperity was of short continuance : Maelmordha, who usurped the crown of Leinster in 999, by the assistance of the Danes, being at an entertainment at Kincora, saw Morogh, Brian's eldest son, at a game of chess, and advised his antagonist to a movement which lost Morogh the game ; whereupon Morogh observed to him with a sneer, that if he had given as good advice at the battle of Glen-mama, the Danes would not have received so great an overthrow. " To which Maelmordha replied, " My instructions the next time shall guide them to victory ;" and Morogh, with contempt, bade defiance. Maelmordha became enraged, retired to his bed- chamber, and did not appear at the banquet, but passed the night in restless anger, and ruminating his country's ruin. Early next morning he set out for Leinster, without taking his leave of the monarch, or any of his household, to shew that he was bent upon desperate revenge. The good monarch, on hearing of his depar- ture, sent one of his servants after him, to request his reconcilia- tion with Morogh. The servant overtook him east of the Shannon, not far from Killaloe, and delivered his message from the monarch. CLONTARF. 73 Maelmordha, who all the while listened with indignation, as soon as the servant was done speaking, raised the rod of yew which he had in his hand, and with three furious blows thereof, fractured the servant's skull, to make known to Brian how he rejected such reconciliation. He pursued his way on horseback to Leinster, where, the next day, he assembled his nobles, represented to them the insult he received at Kincora, and inflamed them to so great a degree, that they renounced their allegiance to Brian, confederated with the Danes, and sent the monarch defiance. " Emissaries were sent to Denmark and Norway. The Danes of Normandy, Britain, and the Isles, joyfully entered into the con- federacy, pleased at the prospect of once more gaining possessions in this land, flowing with milk and honey.* The King of Den- mark sent his two sons, Carolus Kanutus and Andreas, at the head of twelve thousand men, who landed safely in Dublin, and were kindly received and refreshed by Maelmordha. Troops now- daily poured into the different ports of Leinster, from Sweden, Norway, Normandy, Britain, the Orkneys, and every other nor- thern settlement. The King of Leinster was also indefatigable, not only in raising new levies, but in labouring to detach different princes from the interest of their country. Never were such efforts made by the Danes as upon this occasion ; the best men were every where pitched upon for this service. Among others, Broder and Anrud, two Norwegian princes, landed at the head of one thou- sand choice troops, covered with coats of mail. " The King of Leinster, being now animated by the number of * " In the Chronicle of Ademar, Monk of Epharchius of Angoulesme, there is a curious passage relative to the views of the Northmen at that time, in which it is stated that they came with an immense Meet, meaning to extinguish the Irish, and to get possession of that most wealthy country which had twelve cities, great bishoprics, &c. ' His temporibus Normanni supradicti, cum innumerd classe Hiberniam irtsu- lam, qua? Irlanda dicitur, ingressi sunt una cum uxoribus et liberis, §c. ut, Hirlandis extinctis, ipsipro ipsis inhabitarent opulentissimam terrain qua? xii civitates cum amplissimis Episcopatibus et unum regent habet, ac propriam linguam sed Latinos literas, quam Sanctus Patricius Bo- meatus ad fidem convertit: Labbe thinks that tins Chronicle was written before 1031. 74 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. his auxiliaries, without longer delay, bid defiance by a herald to the monarch Brian, and challenged him to fight at Clontarf. " Brian Boroihme, with all possible speed, mustered the forces of Munster and Connaught, and marched directly to the place ap- pointed, and there saw the enemy prepared to oppose him, viz. sixteen thousand Danes, together with all the power of Leinster, under the command of their king, Maelmordha, the sole author of this battle. Then the power of Meath came in to aid their mo- narch Brian, under the conduct of Maelseachluin, their king, who, however, intended to betray Brian. For this purpose he sent to the King of Leinster to inform him, that Brian had despatched his son, Donogh, at the head of a third part of the Eugenian forces, to ravage Leinster, and that he himself, with his 1000 Meathmen, would desert Brian on the day of battle. Accordingly, it was de- termined to attack Brian before Donogh could come up. He was then encamped on the plain near Dublin, with a smaller army than he otherwise should have had. His opponents formed themselves into three divisions; the first, consisting of 1000 Northmen, covered with coats of mail from head to foot, and commanded by Carolus and Anrud, two Norwegian princes, and of the Danes of Dublin under Dolat and Conmael. The second division consisted of La- genians, about 9000 strong, commanded by their king, Maelmor- dha Mac Morogh, and under him by several minor princes, such as Mac Tuathal, or Toole, of the Liffey territory, the prince of Hy- Falgy, (Ophaly,) together with a large body of the Danes. The third division was formed of the Northmen, collected from the islands, from Scotland, &c. It was commanded by Loder, Earl of the Orkneys, and Broder, Admiral of the fleet, which had brought the auxiliary Northmen to Ireland. Brian was not dismayed by this mighty force ; and, depending on Providence and the bravery of his troops, prepared for battle, dividing his army likewise into three divisions ; one to oppose the enemy's first division, under his son Morogh, who had along with him his son Torlogh, and a select body of the brave Dalcassians, besides four other sons of Brian, Teige, Donald, Connor, and Flan, and various chieftains, Don- chuan, Lonargan, Celiocar, Fiongallach, and Jonrachtach, and the three chiefs of Tenia, &c v together with a body of men from Conmaicne-mara, a western part of Connaught, under Carnan, CLONTAKF. 75 their chief. To this division Maelseachluin was ordered to join his followers. Over the division which was to fight the second of the enemy, Brian placed Kian and Donald, two princes of the Eu- genian line, under whom were the forces of Desmond and other parts of the south of Ireland, viz. Mothla, son of Faelan, King of the Desies ; Murtogh, son of Anmchadha, Lord of Hy-Liathian ; Scanlan, son of Cathal, Chief of Eoganacht, of Lough Lein ; Ca- thal, the son of Donovan, Lord of Hy-Cairbre Eabha, and Loing- seach O'Dowling, Chief of Hy-ConaH Gaura ; the son of Beothach, King of Kerry-Luachra; Geibbionach, the son of Dubhagan, Chief of Fermoy. To this division also belonged O'Carroll, and his troops of Ely O'Carroll, and it was joined by another O'Carroll, Prince of Uriel, in Ulster, and Maguire, Prince of Fermanagh. The division opposed to the third of their antagonists, consisted chiefly of Connacians, commanded by Teige O' Conor, as chief, under whom were Mulroney O'Heyne, Chief of Aidhne ; Teige O'Kelly, King of Hy-maine ; O'Flaherty, King of Muinter Mur- chadha ; Connor O'Mulroney, Chief of Moylurg ; Hugh Guineagh O'Doyle, and Fogartagh, the son of Donall, two Chiefs of Ely - r Murtogh, the son of Core, Chief of Muscraighe-Cuirc ; and Hugh, the son of Loughlin, Chief of Hy-Cuanach ; Donall, the son of Dermod, Chief of Corca-Baisgin ; Donogh, the son of Cathal, Chief of Muscraighe Aedha ; Ectigerna, the son of Donegan, King of Ara. The Northmen, who had arrived under Broder at Dub- lin, on Palm Sunday, A. D. 1014, insisted on the battle being fought on Good Friday, which fell on the 23rd of April, a day, on which, by reason of its sanctity, Brian would have wished to avoid fighting.* Yet he was determined to defend himself even on that day ; and, holding the crucifix in his left hand, and his sword in the right, rode with his son Morogh through the ranks, and ad- dressed them as follows, as we read in the Annals of Innisfallen, under the year 1014. « Be not dismayed because that my son Donogh, icith the third part of the Momonian forces, is absent from you, for they are plundering Leinster and the Danish terri- * The Niala Saga states that Broder had been informed by a sort of pagan oracle, that should the battle be fought on Good Friday, the Northmen would be victorious. 70 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tories. Long have the men of Ireland groaned under the tyranny of these sea-faring pirates ! the murderers of your kings and chieftains, plunderers of your fortresses ! profane destroyers of the churches and 'monasteries of God ! who have trampled upon, and committed to the flames the relics of his saints ! (and raising his voice,) May the Almighty God, through his great mercy, give you strength and courage this day, to put an end for ever to their tyran- ny in Ireland, and to revenge upon them their many perfidies, and their profana tions of the sacred edifices dedicated to his worship, this day, on which Jesus Christ himself suffered death for your re- demption' So saying, (continue the Annals) 'He shewed them the symbol of the bloody sacrifice in his left hand, and his golden hilted sword in his right, declaring that he was willing to lose his life in so just and honourable a cause.' And he proceeded towards the centre to lead on his troops to action ; but the chiefs of the army, with one voice, requested he would retire from the field of battle, on account of his great age, and leave to his eldest son Morogh the chief command. " At sunrise in the morning the signal for battle was given ; but at this very critical moment, Maelseachluin, finding an oppor- tunity of being in some measure revenged of Brian, retired sud- denly from the scene of action with his 1000 Meathmen, and remained an inactive spectator during the whole time of the battle, without joining either side. This defection certainly rendered the division of the monarch's army very unequal in numbers to that of the enemy's which they were appointed to engage with. But Morogh, with great presence of mind, cried out to his brave Dal- cassians, 'that this was the time to distinguish themselves, as they alone would have the unrivalled glory of cutting off that formida- ble body of the enemy.' And now, whilst the Dalcassians were closely engaged with battle-axe, sword, and dagger, the second division, under the command of the King of Connaught, hastened to engage the Danes of Leinster and their insular levies, whilst the troops of South Munster attacked Maelmordha and his degenerate Lagenians. Never was greater intrepidity, perseverance, or animosity displayed in any other battle than in this ; as every thing depended on open force and courage. The situation of the ground admitted of no ambuscades, and none were used ; they CLONTARF. 77 fought man to man, and breast to breast ; and the victors in one rank fell victims in the next. The commanders on both sides per- formed prodigies of valour, Morogh, his son Torlogh, his brethren and kindred, flew from place to place, and every where left the sanguinary traces of their courage. The slaughter committed by Morogh excited the fury of Carolus and Conmael, two Danes of distinction ; they attacked him in conjunction, and both fell by his sword. Sitric, the son of Loder, observed that Morogh and other chiefs retired from the battle more than twice, and after each re- turn seemed to be possessed of double vigour. It was to quench their thirst, and cool their hands, swelled from the violent use of the sword and battle-axe, in an adjoining well, over which a guard of twelve men was placed; this the Danes soon destroyed. On rejoining his troops the last time, Sitric, the son of Loder, with a body of Danes, was making a fresh attack on the Dalcassians, and him Morogh singled out, and with a blow of his battle-axe divided his body in two through his armour !* The other Irish com- manders in like manner distinguished themselves, though their exploits are not so particularly narrated ; and it would seem from the number of rank that fell on both sides, that the chiefs every where attacked each other in single combat. " The issue of the day remained doubtful, until near four o'clock in the afternoon, and then it was that the Irish made so general an attack on the enemy, that its force was. not to be resisted. Destitute of leaders, and consequently in disorder, the Danes gave way on every side. Morogh, at this time, through the violent exertion of his right arm, had both hand and arm so swel- led and pained as to be unable to lift them up. In this condition * "Annals of Innisfallen. — Of the great havoc which the Irish com- mitted with the battle-axe, Giraldus Cambrensis thus speaks in the reign of King John : — ' They hold the axe with one hand not with both, the thumb being stretched along the handle and directing the blow, from which neither the helmet erected into a cone can defend the head, nor the iron mail the rest of the body. Whence it happens in our times that the whole thigh (coxa) of a soldier, though ever so well cased in iron mail, is cut off by one blow of the axe, the thigh and the leg falling on one side of the horse, and the dying body on the other.' 78 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. he was attacked by Anrudh, the son of Ebhric, but Morogh closing in upon him, seized him with the left hand, shook him out of his coat of mail, and prostrating him, pierced him with his sword by leaning with his breast upon it, and pressing upon it with the weight of his body. In this dying situation of Anrudh, he nevertheless seized the skeine (scimitar) which hung by Mo- rogh's side, and with it gave him at the same instant a mortal wound! The Dane expired on the spot ; but Morogh lived until next morn- ing. The confusion became general through the Danish army, and they fled on every side. Laidin, the servant of Brian, ob- serving the confusion, feared that the imperial army was defeated. He hastily entered the tent of Brian, who was on his knees before a crucifix, and requested that he would immediately take a horse and fly. * No/ says Brian ; < it was to conquer or die I came here; but do you and my other attendants take my horses to Ar- magh, and communicate my will to the successor of St. Patrick — that I bequeath my soul to God, my body to Armagh, and my blessing to my son Donogh ; give two hundred cows to Armagh, along with my body; and go directly to Swords of Columbkille, and order them to come for my body to-morrow, and conduct it to Duleek of St. Kianan, and let them convey it to Louth, whither let Maelmurry, the son of Eochy, comorb of St. Patrick, come with the family of Armagh, and convey it to their Cathedral/ < People are coming towards us,' says the servant. * What sort of people are they,' says Brian ? « Green, naked people,' says the servant. * They are the Danes in armour,' says Brian ; and he rose from his pillow, seized his sword, and stood to await the approach of Broder and some of his followers ; and he saw no part of him without armour except his eyes and his feet. Brian raised his hand and gave him a blow with which he cut off his left leg from the knee, and the right from the ankle, but Broder's axe met the head of Brian, and fractured it ; Brian, however, with all the fury of a dying warrior, beheaded Broder, and killed a second Dane by whom he was attacked, and then gave up the ghost. From the vast number of chiefs who fell, we may form some idea of the carnage of Brian's army. Besides himself, were slain Morogh, with two of his brothers, and his grandson Turlogh ; his nephew Conang ; the chiefs of Corca Baisgin, of Fermoy, of Coo- CLONTARF. 79 nagh, of Kerry- Luachra, of Eoganacht Locha Lein, of Hy-Conaill- Gabhra, of Hy-Neachach Mumhan, of the Desies, &c. fell in this battle; as did the Connaught princes O'Kelly of Hy-maine, O'Heyne, and many others. The Great Stewards of Leamhna (Lennox) and Mar, with other brave Albanian Scots, the de- scendants of Core, king of Munster, died in the same cause. On the side of the enemy there fell Maelmordha, the cause of all this blood, with the princes of Hy-Failge (Offaly), of Magh-Liffe, and almost all the chiefs of Leinster, with 3000 of their bravest troops. Of the Danes, besides their principal officers, there fell 14,000 men. The 1,000 men that wore coats of mail are said to have been all cut to pieces. The Danes were routed and pursued to their ships, and as far as the gates of Dublin. The surviving fo- reigners took an eternal farewell of the country ; and the Irish Danes returned to Dublin. " That this was a real and great victory is attested in the Annals of Innisfallen under the year 1014, as also in the Annals of the Four Masters and of Ulster. Yet Sir James Ware, in his Anti- quities of Ireland, chap. 24, has some doubts on this point, as if towards the end the Danes became uppermost. But the Scan- dinavian account of this sanguinary battle (which was long after famous throughout Europe) is sufficient to remove this doubt. The Niala Saga, in Johnstone's Ant. Celto-Scand., represents the Northmen as flying in all directions, and large parties of them totally destroyed. And in the Chronicle of Ademar, Monk of St. Eparchius of Angoulesme, this battle is represented as even greater than it really was, for it is said that all the Northmen were killed, and it is added that crowds of their women threw themselves into the sea. Yet it is true, that of some of their divisions not a man was left alive. Ademar makes the battle last for three days, but this does not agree with other accounts. " The body of Brian, according to his will, was conveyed to Armagh. First, the clergy of Swords, in solemn procession brought it to their abbey, from thence, the next morning, the clergy of Damhliag (Duleek) conducted it to the church of S. Kianan ; here the clergy of Louth (Lughmagh) attended the corpse to their own monastery. The Archbishop of Armagh, with his suffragans and clergy, received the body at Louth, whence it was conveyed 80 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. to their cathedral. For twelve days and nights it was watched by the clergy, during which time there was a continued scene of prayers and devotions ; and then it was interred with great funeral pomp at the north side of the altar of the great church. The body of Morogh, with the heads of Conang and Faelan, prince of the De- sies, were deposited in the south aisle of that church ; but his grandson Turlogh, and most of the other chiefs, were interred at the monastery of Kilmainham. " Donogh, after having plundered Leinster, arrived at Kilmain- ham, on the evening of Easter Sunday, with the great spoil of Leinster, where he met his brother Teige, Kian, the son of Mol- loy, and all that survived the battle : and he sent many presents and offerings to the comorb of St. Patrick. " Malachy (who resumed the monarchy of Ireland after the fall of Brian,) having been requested by the Clan Colman to give a narrative of the. action, said: — 'It is impossible for human lan- guage to describe it, an angel from heaven only could give a cor- rect idea of the terrors of that day ! We retired to the distance of a fallow field from the combatants, the high wind of the spring blowing from them towards us. And we were no longer than half an hour there, when neither of the two armies could discern each other, nor could one know his father or brother, even though he were the next to him, unless he could recognise his voice, or know the spot on which he stood, and we were covered all over, both faces, arms, heads, hair; and clothes with red drops of blood, borne from them on the wings of the wind ! And should we attempt to assist them we could not, for our arms were entangled with the locks of their hair, which were cut off by the swords, and blown towards us by the wind, so that we were all the time engaged in disentang- ling our arms. It was wonderful that those who were in the battle could endure such horror without becoming distracted. And they fought from sunrise until the dusk of the evening, when the full tide carried the ships away.' " In the museum of Trinity College a harp richly ornamented is exhibited as having belonged to Brian ; but, although its antiquity be evidently great, it is somewhat apocryphal that its music ever touched the heart of that monarch. This battle was the subject of a fine poem, preserved in the CLONTARF. 81 Orcades of Thermodus Torfaeus, and also in Bartholinus, of which Gray has given a paraphrase, but certainly far inferior to the original, in his ode entitled " The Fatal Sisters." It also, as might well be expected, supplied the theme of various native effusions. That man, it has been observed, is little to be envied, whose patri- otism would not gain force upon the plains of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warmer among the ruins of Iona : and surely, he were not worthy of the name of Irishman, who would not feel electrified by the moral sublimity of this scene ; " Whose heart within him never burned," as he traversed the historic scene, where, by one magnificent effort of national retribution, the oppressors of his country were for ever crushed, and, although some few of their race were allowed to remain as merchants in the towns which they had " builded with blood and established by iniquity," and where, on the English invasion, the rights of their descendants continued to be saved by special reservations down to the fourteenth century, yet never again were they a dominant people in this country. In 1171, when Roderic O' Conor invested the city of Dublin with his auxiliaries, Mac Dunleve, the petty prince of Ulster, had his station here, as had O'Rourke of Breffny, (the abduction of whose wife was the alleged cause of the English invasion,) in the subsequent memorable attack upon Milo de Cogan. Immediately afterwards, the great Palatine of Meath, Hugh de Lacy, conferred upon his favourite, Adam de Phepoe, one knight's fee in the vici- nage of Dublin, comprising Clontarf, upon which de Phepoe is said to have built a castle ; while, in the service of religion, a command- ery (as religious houses, attached to military orders, were more commonly called) was founded here for Knights Templars, de- pendant upon Strongbow's splendid establishment of that order at Kilmainham. It was liberally endowed by private munificence, and a grant by Nicholas TaafFe of all his lands of Killergy, to the master of the Templars here, is yet of record. The religious order of Templars was instituted at Jerusalem, about the year 1118; some individuals, who placed themselves un- der the government of the Patriarch, renounced property, made G 82 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the vow of celibacy and obedience, and lived like Canons Regu- lar. King Baldwin assigned to them apartments in his palace, and they had, likewise, lands conferred upon them by the Patriarch and the nobility, for their maintenance. About nine years after their institution a rule was drawn up for their conduct, and a white habit assigned to them by Pope Honorius the Second. In twenty years afterwards they were allowed to wear red crosses, sewed upon their cloaks, as a mark of distinction, and, in a short time, were increased to about 300 in their convent at Jerusalem. They took the name of Knights Templars, because their first house stood near the temple dedicated to our Saviour. This order, after having performed many great achievements against the infidels, became so rich and powerful, that they were possessed of 9000 manors in Christendom, and, certainly, no other fraternity could so well suit the taste of an age inspired with all the excitements of romance, and yet more elevated by every spe- cies of religious enthusiasm. Their amazing accession of pro- perty, however, soon induced the jealousy of the crowned heads of England and France, whereupon, charges, frivolous or feebly supported, were corruptly admitted by avaricious judges, and the order was universally suppressed, being, at the time of its extinc- tion, possessed of 16,000 lordships. Their grand master, James de Mola, was burned at Paris, asserting, to the last moment of his life, their orthodoxy and innocence. In 1312, the Pope, by his Bull, given in the Council of Vienna, pronounced the extinction of the order, but united their estates to that of St. John of Jeru- salem, a grant which the king of England confirmed in his domi- nions, protesting, however, against any assumption of temporal power by the Pope, on this occasion. — In Ireland, besides Kil- mainham and Clontarf, this order was seised of the preceptories of Kilclogan, Killergy, Kilsaran, Killure, Crock, Clonaul and Teach-Temple. Edward the Second, immediately on his accession to the throne, transmitted to John Wogan, then justiciary of Ireland, a mandate for their suppression and the confiscation of their es- tates there, which was accordingly obeyed, and still further en- forced in 1309, by the imprisonment of the Templars in the CLONTARF. castle of Dublin. In 1311 their manors of Clontarf and Kilsa- ran were granted to Richard De Burgo, Earl of Ulster ;* but the religious edifices continued to be upheld as royal houses, and nu- merous records occur of salaries and liberates paid from the trea- sury to the janitor, the butler.f 6cc, of " our Royal House of Clontarf." A large, venerable mulberry- tree, in a garden in the town, is thought to mark the vicinity of this commandery, even yet surviving, by upwards of five centuries., the pious hands that planted it. In 1313 a causeway was constructed, as before mentioned, from Ballybough Bridge to this town. In 1326 Roger Le Ken had a grant of all the premises in Clon- tarf, which he had theretofore occupied at will, to hold thenceforth to him and the heirs of his body. In 1328 a petition was presented to king Edward the Third, praying, in behalf of the Irish people, that the revenues of the Knights Templars should, in the hands of the king's justices and grantees, be made to contribute to pay the M debts, burdens, pensions, alms, and hospitality which it could be proved the Templars used to pay, and were bound so to do from the time of their foundation." To which the king replied, that relief should be given according to the statute of the 17th of Edward the Second, an act which had previously ordained, that all the possessions of the dissolved Templars should continue subject to the same burdens to which they had been liable in the hands of that community, as. relieving the poor, &c. Saving the rights of all persons to prosecute their claims for pensions, corodies, alms, &c, as they might have done against the said Templars, if their order had not been dissolved. In 1377 the king ordered that several books, the property of certain clergymen, who were deemed hostile to his crown, should be seized in this harbour, where they had been shipped. About this time this manor, according to the Pope's decree of 1312, passed into the possession of the knights of St. John of Jerusa- lem, an order which was instituted on the following occasion. * Roll in Exch. England. t It is remarkable that in these accounts, credit is taken for shoes furnished at the uniform price of 6*. Sd. per pair. G 2 84 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In the year 1048 some Neapolitan merchants founded a Latin church at Jerusalem, and also a monastery of religious, after the order of St. Bennet, for the reception of pilgrims. Near this they likewise established an hospital for the diseased, and a cha- pel in honour of St. John the Baptist. In 1099 the celebrated Godfrey de Bouillon, having taken Jerusalem, endowed this hos- pital with some demesnes which he had in France ; and, others imitating his liberality, its revenues became considerably augment- ed, whereupon their rector, in concert with his fraternity, resolved to separate from the Latin house and form a distinct congregation under the name and protection of St. John the Baptist, and on so doing assumed their appellation of Hospitallers or brothers of St. John of Jerusalem. Their habit was black, and they wore on their breasts a white cross of eight points, emblematic of the eight beatitudes. Pope Pascal, in 1113, confirmed their endow- ments, and established them under the special protection of the Holy See. A succeeding rector took the title of Master, and gave a rule to the Hospitallers, which was approved of by Pope Calixtus the Second, in 1120. Their first grand master, finding that the revenues of the Hospital vastly exceeded what was necessary for the entertain- ment of poor pilgrims and diseased persons, resolved to employ the surplus against the infidels ; and accordingly offered himself and the resources of his fraternity to the King of Jerusalem. On this occasion the order was divided into three classes, the first consisting of nobles for the profession of arms, defence of the faith, and protection of pilgrims ; the second for the service of religion, and the third, who were not noble, were also appointed for the war. He likewise regulated the manner of admitting knights brothers, and had the whole arrangement confirmed in 1130 by Pope Innocent the Second, who commanded that the standard of the knights should be " gules a full cross argent." After the loss of Jerusalem, they retired first to Margath, then to Acre, which they defended very vigorously in 1290 ; thence they withdrew to Cyprus, where they continued until, hav- ing taken Rhodes from the Saracens, they settled and sojourned there ; but, after a possession of 213 years, Solyman the Second, in 1522, attacked and took the island, with an army of 300,000 CLONTARF. 85 men. After this discomfiture the grand master, and his knights, retired first to Candia and subsequently to Malta. A branch of the order settled in Ireland immediately after the English invasion, and established their grand priory at Wexford, which continued to be their chief house until they received Kil- mainham on the suppression of thp Templars. At the time of the dissolution, this order had twenty-two preceptories in this country. In 1395 a state warrant issued in aid of the laws against ab- senteeism, to arrest and detain all ships " in the water of Clon- tarf," destined for the conveyance of passengers to England.* Some readers may be surprised to find absenteeism an object of such early legislative interference, but the " census emigrati- onis" of the Romans was introduced in the system of Irish taxation, almost a century previous to the above date ; from which period it has been the paramount and, it might be said, the peculiar evil of Ireland, alike destructive of the strength — the rank — the re- venues of the island — the industry and comforts of its peasantry— the influence of its great proprietors, and above all, the patriar- chal, friendly, and social relations that should flow from the re- currence of mutual benefits amongst all classes of the people ; yet, although there has thus been, from 1310 to 1753, a series of legal enactments to prevent its ruinous prevalence here, and no less popular remonstrances from that period to the present, all have been successively more ineffective, as the following comparative table of the amount of absentee rentals, at various periods, on the most approved authorities, may evince : 1691, amount of annual absentee rental, . £136,018 1729, do. do. . 627,799 1782, do. do. . 2,223,222 1783, ; do. do. . 1,608,932 1804, do. do. . 3,000,000 1830, do. do. • . . 4,000,000 And it is now estimated as nearer . 5,000,000 In 1413 Sir John Stanley landed in the harbour of Clontarf, delegated for the prosecution of a rapacious and oppressive go- vernment, which terminated in a few months with his life. Rot. Pat, 18 Ric. II. in Cane. Hib. 86 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1440 William and James Fitzgerald, the brothers of Tho- mas Fitzgerald, then Grand Master of the Hospitallers, having waylaid the Lord Deputy on the marches or borders of the Pale, near Kilcock, slain several of his suite, and imprisoned himself, the King directed that the manors of said Thomas, and amongst them Clontarf, should be sequestered until he exculpated himself from having been accessary to the offence, which he immediately did.* An inquisition of 1527 finds that this commandery was of the annual value of £20. In 1534 Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, "the silken lord," here de- feated the first detachment of the royal forces that was sent against him. Immediately previous to its dissolution, the priory of Kilmain- ham was seised of the manor, rectory, tithes, and altarages of Clontarf, subject, however, to a lease made by the Prior in 1538, to Matthew King, of all the town and lordship, with the appurte- nances, and also the pool of Clontarf, and the island lying to the west side thereof, and all the said rectory, tithes, &c. to enure for ninety-nine years, from 1542. In this demise it was provided, that the lessee, &c. should repair the manor house of Clontarf, and main- tain a sufficient person to minister all sacraments to the parishioners at their proper charges. The Prior also thereby granted to said Matthew King, and to the inhabitants of the town of Clontarf, license, with their boats to fish within the liberty and bounds of Carling- ford, without any payment to the vicar of Carlingford, or his suc- cessors. On the suppression of that splendid religious establishment, its last Prior, Sir John Rawson, who had been at different periods Lord Treasurer of Ireland, was, in 1541, on surrendering the pos- session of his house, created Viscount of Clontarf, with a pension of 500 marks,f in right of which dignity he sat in the parliament of that year. The following representation preceded, and appears to have influenced those marks of royal favour. " May it further please your Majesty," writes the Lord Deputy St. Leger, in 1540, to King Henry the Eighth, " according to * Rof.^Claus. 19 Hen. VI. in Cane. Hib, t ArchdalLs Mon. Hib. p. 425. CLONTARF. 87 your high commandment; I, at my repair to these parts, moved the Lord Kilmainham, Lord of Saint John's here, concerning the surrender of his name and lands, and how good and gracious your Majesty is to him, assigning unto him for term of his life five hundred marks by the year. The said Lord Kilmainham is not only glad and willing to obey your said commandment and plea- sure, but also desired me to render unto your Excellent Majesty his most humble thanks for your said goodness towards him. And also he, perceiving your said pleasure, hath not only given to me, your poor servant, certain implements very necessary for the house there, with corn, hay, and other things whereof I had great need, but also hath caused the principal house there to be well and sub- stantially repaired in all places needful, which assuredly is a good house, and great pity that it should decay. And forasmuch, as by the report of the most part of the counsel here, the said Lord Kilmainham hath, for the long time of his abode here, been the person which, next your Majesty's Deputy, hath always kept the best house, and English sort, and at all times, when strangers of other countries hath repaired thither, feasted and entertained them to your Highness's honour ; and also for that it is thought by those of your English counsellors here, that it shall be a great lack to miss him out of council, and also out of the parliament, (when any shall be,) as well for his honesty as for his long experience, they have all desired me to write unto your most Excellent Majesty in favour of the said Lord Kilmainham, that forasmuch as your Ma- jesty hath assigned him so honourable pension, and that he intend- eth here to remain for term of his life, that your Majesty would be so good and gracious as to give him the name of honour of Viscount of Clontarf, which is a place where he intendeth with your Majesty's favour to make his abode, and to be a lord of the parliament and of your council, assigning to him such annuity with the said name of honour, as shall stand with your Highness's pleasure. Where- fore, in accomplishment of their said requests, I most humbly be- seech your Majesty to be good unto him in this their humble suits and mine. The man is very aged, and not like to charge your Majesty very long."* This request was further urged by a memo- rial from the Privy Council to the king, signed by the Master of the * State Papers, temp. Hen. VIII. 88 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Rolls, (John AIen,)the Archbishop of Dublin, the Bishop ofMeath, Dean Basnet, Lord Gormanston, Justices Aylmer and Luttrel, Tho- mas Eustace, afterwards created Lord Baltinglas, and three others. The principal part of the possessions, which the priory of Kil- mainham had enjoyed here, as above stated, was in 1600 granted to Sir Geoffrey Fenton ; the rectory having been then calculated as of the annual value of forty shillings.* In 1608 these premises were further assured to William, the son of Sir Geoffrey, and are in both patents enumerated as "the lordship, manor, orprecep- tory, town and lands, islands and customs, &c. of Clontarf, a wood, called the Prior's wood, near Coolock, lying east of Coolock wood, the rectory and tithes, great and small, oblations, &c. of Clontarf," parcel of the estate of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, with wrecks, royalties, liberty of fishing for the inhabitants and mariners of Clontarf, within the parish, strand, and bay of Carlingford, with- out paying tithes or other profits to the crown or vicar of Carling- ford, or to any other person save the said grantee. It was this Sir Geoffrey Fenton, who, in the office of Irish Secretary of State, was employed by Queen Elizabeth, as English council, to watch over the actions of the Viceroy, Sir John Perrot, a station which he continued to fill during her reign and that of her successor for twenty-seven years. His only daughter was married to Richard, the first Earl of Cork. In 1609 the parish church here was rebuilt. The regal visi- tation of 1615 states the rectory to be impropriate, that Thel- wall was the resident incumbent, and that the church and chancel were in good repair. In 1637 the aforesaid Sir William Fenton had a confirmation to him of the manor of Clontarf, under the commission for the re- medy of defective titles, but, on the failure of his male line imme- diately afterwards, the manor passed through a female to the King family. In the commencement of the war of 1641, Luke Netterville and his adherents having seized a vessel which lay here and plun- dered it of all its cargo, the Earl of Ormond was directed to avenge the offence. Sir Charles Coote was thereupon privately despatched * Inquis. in Chief Rememb. Office. OLONTARF. 89 by him with some forces to Clontarf, where he burned a conside- rable portion of the town, especially Mr. George King's house, destroyed the boats, and afterwards dispersed the insurgents at Finglas and San try. This wanton outrage which, as Borlase writes, was " excellently well executed," was attempted to be jus- tified on the allegation that Mr. King, then the proprietor of the town and manor, had been one of the gentlemen of the Pale, who previously assembled at Swords, and had further abetted the pillaging of the ship. Mr. Carte comments* in no measured terms on the atrocity of the outrage, particularly as, according to his account, Mr. King was invited into Dublin by the Lords of the Council on the day preceding the expedition, with an assurance that he might safely repair thither, " without danger of any trou- ble or stay whatsoever." On the other side, it is further alleged, that the principal part of the vessel's cargo, which Netterville had plundered, was found in King's house. King was immediately af- terwards attainted, a reward of £400 was offered for his head, and his estates, comprising this manor, Hollybrooks, and the Island of Clontarf, stated as containing 961a. statute measure, were granted to John Blackwell, a particular favourite of Oliver Crom- well, who assigned his interest therein to John Vernon. In 1660, Colonel Edward Vernon, son of said John, passed patent for this manor in fee, together with all anchorages, fisheries, creeks, sands, and seashores, wrecks of the sea, &c, which right was saved in subsequent acts of parliament, and still remains in his descendant. This Colonel Edward had faithfully served Kings Charles the First and Second in the wars of England and Ireland, and been a considerable sufferer thereby in his person and fortune. In the parliament of 1661 he was one of the representatives for the borough of Carlingford. In 1670 the king presented Henry Brereton to the rectories of Clontarf and Ratheny. In 1675, although the manor of Clontarf was of such high antiquity, the king further enlarged its jurisdiction, tenures, and courts with a grant of royalties (royal mines excepted), power to empark three hundred acres, with free warren, privilege of holding * Life of Ormond, Vol. 1, p. 254. 90 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. two fairs, one on the 10th of April, and the other on the Gth of October, with customs, &c. In 1G80 Adam Usher, clerk, had a grant of the impropriate tithes and altarages of this rectory (to which he was then promoted) at the annual rent of £6 2s. 6d. In 1686 the before mentioned Colonel Edward Vernon died, seised in free and common socage of this manor, and of several estates in the counties of Derby and Stafford. He had also the honour of Tutbury, the rangership of the forest of Needwood, &c. He left t wo daughters, Eliza and Maria Vernon ; the former died without issue. In 1695 a petition was preferred to the Irish legislature by Mr. John Vernon of Dublin, merchant, and cousin german of the Co- lonel, setting forth that he had an equitable title to the manor and lands of Clontarf and Hollybrooks, with the islands and ap- purtenances, out. of which he was unjustly kept under colour of letters patent granted to Colonel Edward Vernon, but as the peti- tioner alleged, in trust for him, and requiring, that as an act was preparing to confirm the Act of Settlement, he might have a sav- ing of his right thereto, and a further saving was subsequently prayed in behalf of Charles Melville, Esq., as having considerably improved the lands of Clontarf. The rights of said John Vernon in the premises, described as lying and being in the county of Dublin and county of the city of Dublin, were accordingly after- wards decreed by the House of Lords against the heiress of said Colonel Vernon, and confirmed by act of parliament in 1698. For a notice of Clontarf in 1697, see " Artane," in that year. In 1712 the king presented Frederick Usher to this rectory, soon after which considerable controversy and litigation arose be- tween the Vernon family and the Corporation of Dublin, the latter claiming title, as within their franchises, to' a portion of the strand, called Crab-lough, between the shore of Clontarf and the North Bull, while the former maintained that the said tract of strand, comprising 195 acres, which they called the pool and island of Clontarf, was parcel of their manor; and certainly, in the later perambulations, the authorities did cross from Ballybough Bridge to Clontarf, and so to the Sheds of Clontarf, thenceforward to the mill of Ratheny, from which they proceeded northward 130 CLONTARF. 91 perches to a little brook, which they asserted was the termination of the city liberties in that direction. In 1731, however, Captain John Vernon, on his obtaining the estate, opposed the Corporation in any further attempt to enter on his manor, in a speech yet ex- tant, from the press of George Faulkner, and of which a portion may appear interesting : — " My Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, Commons, and Citizens of the City of Dublin — The residence of Mrs. Mary Vernon, deceased, late Lady of this Manor of Clontarf, for several years out of this king- dom, being only a bare tenant for life, therefore careless of the rights and liberties of said manor, hath given you for some time an opportunity of riding, with your several corporations, along this common high road, parcel of the said manor lying in the barony of Coolock and county of Dublin at large, and not within the liber- ties or jurisdiction of the county of the city, which arises merely from, and is the limited creature of charter and matter of record. This encroachment not being warranted by your charters, and par- ticularly by your charter de libertatibus of the second of King John, being the very essence and foundation of your liberties, in which not only the lands granted to the Knights Templars and Hospitallers are expressly exempted, though within the bounds of the city, not to be in the city's jurisdiction, but with a further sav- ing of the lands and tenures granted by previous charter to others, by which means the several religious houses and their possessions were exempted from the city's jurisdiction, and remain in the county of Dublin to this day, as it appears by the many extant records relating thereto. " The liberties of your city in the north, lying most contiguous to my manor of Clontarf, are bounded (by your said charter de libertatibus) by the lands of Clonliffe, by the Tolka, and by the church of St. Mary, Oxmantown. * * * * * " It perhaps has been thought a piece of prudence in your pre- decessors to annihilate your original charters, that you, their suc- cessors, might be the more ignorant of your real liberties, and take upon you, by riding these pretended franchises, to prescribe for imaginary and greater liberties than are by your charter war- ranted, and so as by confounding the estates of the city with the liberties of the city as not to know which is which, otherwise than 92 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. as your Lordship's sword cuts them out, or as the last Lord Mayor's horse informs you how far he was rode the last day; but the law makes a wide difference between lands within the limits of a corpo- ration and lands granted to a corporation, and makes this further distinction, that the liberties of a corporation, limited and created by charter, during the existence thereof no prescription can be pleaded for the enlarging the bounds thereof contrary to the limi- tation of the said charter, being the very essence and foundation, not only of the corporation, but of the liberties thereof. And it would be a manifest absurdity to imagine, that the estates or liber- ties of any single person could be safe, however guarded by law, if your Lordship, as to day, attended with so many thousands of mobility, so unnaturally arrayed with military equipage, was by that dreadful force to take counties and enlarge your liberties, and to plead such tumultuous and forcible riding of your pretended franchises in evidence, against the face of your charters and matter of record. If these were or could be stifled in a court of justice, indeed then your Lordship's sword might be brought in evidence at the bar, of what estates or limits of an exterior county it has cut off, and the horses of your warlike myrmidons summoned for the same purpose, to show how far they have carried the extent of your swelling city on their backs. ***** " This being the first time of your attempting to ride these your pretended franchises since my being seised and possessed of this my manor of Clontarf, I therefore oppose your entrance, as Colonel Edward Vernon did, on my said manor, and discharge you therefrom, of which this road is parcel lying in the county at large ; and though as a single and private person I am not able to repel such multitudes, yet do I thus put forward my claim to preserve my rights against such force and tumult." — This very individual was so soon afterwards as 1736 high sheriff of the county. For a notice of Clontarf in 1732, see " Santry" at that year. In 1749, the charter-school, before alluded to, was opened for one hundred boys, the king's representative having laid the first stone of the edifice ; but this, and other establishments of the same class having excited national hostility, and consequently prolonged anti-religious differences in Ireland, were, within the last few years, wisely suppressed. CLONTARF. 93 In 1756 the lead mine on the adjacent strand was discovered and worked, but the overflowings of the tide prevented the pro- secution of the undertaking. In 1759 Mr. P. Ramsay bequeathed the interest of £200 to the support of the charter-school. In 1766, John Usher was presented by the crown to this rectory, on the resignation of Frederick Usher. In 1771, the Rev. John Johnson, then rector of the parish of Hollymount in the County Mayo, bequeathed £200 to the governors of the before-mentioned charter-school, " in trust and towards the support of said school." He also left £350 to the governors of the Hibernian School in the Phoenix Park, " for the use of said establishment ;" a like sum of £350 to the governors of the Marine School for its use, and £200 to erect a room or ward in the hospital at Castlebar in the County Mayo. For a notice in 1786, see at the " LirTey." In 1811, on the resignation of John Usher, the king presented Charles Mulloy to this rectory, who has been succeeded by Mr. Handcock, the present incumbent. In 1829, Mr. Michael Keary of this town bequeathed £500 for the education of the Catholic children thereof, and the sum of £50 for its poor, while he further directed that £1000 should be applied towards building a chapel here, and £200 for the erection of a school-room. In 1833 a Loan Fund Society was established here for lending money on security, at five per cent., to such industrious poor within the parishes of Clontarf and Killester, as produced certificates of cha- racter, signed by two parishioners of known respectability. Such loans to be repaid by weekly instalments of Is. in every pound. Ill reference to its botany, Clontarf exhibits the cowslip, primula veris, smyrnium olusatrum, Alexan- ders, a plant of a warm aromatic quality, and used, when blanched, as a substitute for celery ; arenaria rubra, purple sandwort ; papaver dubium, long smooth-headed poppy ; fumaria officinalis 9 common fumitory ; fumaria capreolata, climbing fumitory ; 94 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. to which Threlkeld adds narcissus sylvestris, wild daffodil. — In the neighbouring salt-marshes are found scirpus maritimus, salt-marsh club rush ; glaux maritima, sea milk, otherwise called black saltwort ; this last flowers in summer, is found every- where from Lapland to the Archipelago, and is often used as a pickle ; chenopodium niaritimum, sea-goose foot ; apium graveolens, wild celery ; tri- glochen maritimum, sea arrow-grass ; lychnis dioica, red or white campion, commonly called bachelor's button ; scirpus glaucus, club rush. — On the old walls, Valeriana rubra, red valerian; antirrhinum cymbalaria, ivy-leaved snap-dragon ; — and on the hedges, ligustrum vulgare, privet. The Family of Vernon. It is difficult to pass unnoticed a name of such high antiquity and respectability, when connected with a locality even by so mo- dern a link as that which attaches it to this. The Vernons deduce their pedigree from William de Vernon, who, in 1052, assumed that surname from the town and district of which he was proprietor. The former, situated in a most delight- ful valley on the banks of the River Seine, within the diocese of Evreux, and bailiwick of Gisors. In the same year this individual adorned his native town by the erection of the noble collegiate and parochial church of Notre Dame, which he endowed with one- fourth part of the forest of Vernon, and other possessions ; that fourth alone being defined as four leagues in circumference. The founder was afterwards buried in the middle of its choir, as were also many of his descendants. The cemetery is further remarka- ble, as that in which repose the remains of the celebrated Marechal de Belleisle. This William de Vernon had two sons, Richard and W T alter, who both came into England with the Conqueror, as suggested in Bromton's verses : THE FAMILY OF VERNON. 95 " Vous qe desyrez assaver Les nons des grauntz dela la mer Qui vindrent od le Conquerour, William Bastard de graunt vigour, # # # * # Vere et Vernoun, Verdyers et Verdoun," &c. &c. &c. Richard, the elder of these warriors, was by Hugh Lupus, Earl of the County Palatine of Chester, created Baron of Shipbroke, and became, before Domesday Survey, the proprietor of fifteen manors within that county, Shipbroke being the "caput baroniae." Walter had lands granted to him in Cheshire and Buckingham- shire, and was a considerable benefactor to the ancient monastery of St. Werburgh's, in Chester, from which some of the Irish reli- gious houses were filled. He appears to have died without issue, while William, the eldest son of the before-mentioned Richard, on his decease, succeeded to his estates, and acquired others in Staf- fordshire, from Petronilla, the daughter of Simon le Sage, for which he gave to her two marks, and his wife one scarlet robe. In 1152, Lewis, King of France, besieged Vernon Castle in Normandy, with a great army, for fifteen days ; and, being unable to take it, entered into a secret negotiation with " Richard Ver- non," to raise the king's banner on the tower. This Richard was a lineal descendant of William of 1052, and confirmed his endow- ment to the church of Vernon, in the presence of his sons Bald- win and Richard. In 1191, Cardinal Allard de Vernon was sent by the Pope as legate to Antioch, to bring the Patriarch of An- tioch to agree to the canons. In 1195, in pursuance of an agree- ment entered into between Richard the First, King of England, and Philip Augustus, King of France, Vernon was, with its castle and other dependencies, granted to the latter by its then owner, Richard de Vernon and his son Richard, in exchange for other lands, rated at five knights' fees, since which time Vernon was honoured with a royal palace, and frequently made part of the ap- panage of the French queens. Parts of this palace and of the an- cient castle yet remain. In 1209, and subsequent years, a Richard de Vernon was she- 96 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. riff of Lancashire. In 1214, William de Vernon was one of the Justices in Eyre, and in 1230, Chief Justice of Chester. He is considered the ancestor of the Vernons of Harlesdon, Haddon, Sudbury, Hilton, and, in a word, of all the legitimate lines of this family and name now existing. His immediate descendants extend- ed their possessions in that century into Berkshire, Yorkshire, Cumberland, and Wiltshire ; and one of them, by marriage with the daughter of William Peverel, became proprietor of the Peak. Vernons are also found in this century in Oxfordshire, Cambridge- shire, Lincolnshire, Essex, Hampshire, Buckinghamshire, North- amptonshire, Derbyshire, and Surrey. In 1265 the king granted to Eleanor, the consort of Prince Edward, amongst other manors, that of Haddon, as forfeited by Richard de Vernon. An inquisition of 1288 finds that Richard de Vernon holds Merphull and Wibreslegh, by service of free fo- restry, and was to attend the king on summons, and follow his standard with the same arms with which he kept his bailiwick of the forest of Macclesfield. In 1293, King Edward the First, on the marriage of Richard, the son of the last mentioned Richard de Vernon, with Eleanor de Frenas, granted to them the manor of Rochelive in special tail, with remainder to Richard, the father. Other members of the family had then extended themselves into Devonshire, Gloucestershire, Huntingdonshire, Kent, Stafford- shire, and Leicestershire. In 1294, Robert de Vernon, of Wiltshire, was summoned to attend a muster and military council at Worcester for service against the Welch ; and again, in 1297, to the muster at Sand- wich, for the war in Flanders ; and at Newcastle for that in Scot- land. In the latter year Ralph de Vernon was summoned, as a landed proprietor in Oxford, to perform military service in parts beyond the seas ; while his son was appointed to raise the levies in Cheshire ; and Richard de Vernon, as a landed proprietor in the counties of Oxford and Derby, had similar summons against the Scotch. In 1300 Robert de Vernon was one of the Justices of Oyer and Terminer, assigned in the county of Wilts, and in 1301, Richard de Vernon was summoned, as a landed proprietor in Staffordshire, to perform military service in person against the Scots. In 1314, Ralph de Vernon, lord of the townships ofHan- t THE FAMILY OF VERNON. 97 well, Drayton, and Mollington, in the county of Oxford, was sum- moned to perform military service against the Scots. In 1322, Hamo de Vernon was required, as a landed proprietor in Cam- bridgeshire, to do service against the Scots ; while in 1324 Ri- chard de Vernon, of Staffordshire, was summoned to attend a great council. In 1329, Richard de Vernon was found seised of Harleston, in Staffordshire, with free warren, market and fair, little Appleby, in Leicestershire, Adstockand Pitchcote in Buckinghamshire, &c. ; and in 1338 was seised, in right of his wife Matilda, one of the heiresses of her father William de Campville, of a moiety of the manor of Lanstephen, in Caermarthenshire. In the reigu of Edward the Third, Sir William de Vernon, a lineal ancestor of the present Lord Vernon, was chief justice of Chester. A descendant of his, Sir Richard Vernon, was, in 1403, speaker of the parliament held at Leicester, and afterwards con- stituted treasurer of Calais. In 1403, Sir Richard Vernon, Baron of Shipbroke, was one of the chieftains of the army of the Percys at Shrewsbury. He was taken prisoner, and, on the Monday following, with the Earl of Worcester and the Baron of Kinderton, condemned and be- headed. This Sir Richard, besides the other ordinarily enume- rated possessions of the family, was seised of considerable estates and manors in Glamorganshire. The Vernons were also landed proprietors, to a large extent, in Lancashire at this time, and long subsequently. Sir William Vernon, of Lord Vernon's lineal ancestry, was also treasurer of Calais and constable of England for life, being the last who was permitted to hold that great dignity, it being looked upon as too important for a subject. He died in 1467, and was buried in the before-mentioned church of Notre Dame at Vernon. In 1500, Sir Henry Vernon, who had been pre- viously governor and treasurer to Prince Arthur, eldest son and heir apparent of Henry the Seventh, and afterwards his counsellor for the management of Wales, officially signed the marriage arti- cles between that Prince and the Princess Catherine of Spain, and there is a tradition that the prince frequently lived with Sir Henry, at his noble seat of Haddon in Derbyshire, where there is a cham- H 98 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ber denominated his apartment, and, in which, his arms are carved in several places. In 1524, and again in 1535 and 1546, Thomas Vernon of Stoke-Say Castle was high sheriff of Shropshire. He was a younger son of the great family of the Vernons of Haddon, and ancestor of the present Lord Scarsdale. In 1528 Sir John Ver- non of Sudbury was of the king's council for Wales, custos ro- tulorum of Derbyshire and sheriff of that county and of Notting- hamshire. In 1565 died Sir George Vernon of Haddon, celebrated by Camden "for his magnificent manner of living, his house open to all men of worth, and his commendable hospitality, whence he acquired, among the common people, the name of King of the Peak." By his daughters and heiresses his noble estate, consist- ing of thirty lordships, came to John Manners of the family of the Earl of Rutland, and Thomas Stanley of that of the Earls of Derby. The male line of the Vernons was, however, continued by the younger sons of Sir Henry Vernon, from the fourth of whom, Humphrey Vernon of Hodnet, the present Lord Vernon is descended, who also represents the Vernons of Haslington, and those of Sudbury in the female line. About the year 1588 was born of the Haddon line, William Vernon, the historian of War- wickshire, justly celebrated for his skill, zeal, and systematic in- dustry. In 1622 Sir George Vernon was one of the judges of the Common Pleas in England, and afterwards a Baron of the Ex- chequer. In 1653 died John Vernon of Little Bileigh in Essex, who, having been for many years of his life a Greek or Turkey merchant, brought from the ruins of Smyrna a tombstone, under which he and his wife lie buried in the chancel of the Abbey of Bileigh. Amongst the English gentlemen, who compounded for their estates during the Commonwealth, were Henry Vernon of Haslington in Cheshire, and Edward Vernon of Hanbury in Worcestershire. In the year 1669 Mr. Francis Vernon, of the Worcestershire family, was secretary to Mr. Ralph Montagu, afterwards Duke of Montagu, ambassador extraordinary to Lewis the 14th of France. This gentleman was a great traveller over various parts of Europe and Asia, and has left behind him several tracts and a journal of THE FAMILY OF VERNON. 99 his travels ; he perished about the year 1677 in Persia, having been literally hacked to pieces by some of the Arabs. In 1670 George Vernon was appointed ranger of that magnificent tract, Needvvood forest, an office which has long continued in the fa- mily. It was he who built the noble seat of the family at Sud- bury, after the style of Inigo Jones. In 1697 Mr. James Vernon, of the Haslington line, was ap- pointed secretary of state, and filled that high station during the remainder of the reign of King William. It is said of him, " that never any secretary of state wrote so many letters with his own hand as he, nor in a better style." He died in 1726, and was bu- ried at Watford, where is a fine mural monument to his memory. In 1709 died Sir Thomas Vernon, who had for many years been one of the representatives of the city of London in parliament. In 1710, and subsequent years, flourished Thomas Vernon of the Worcestershire line, a lawyer whom Lord Kenyon character- ized as " the ablest man in his profession." He was secretary to the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, and compiler of the " Reports of Cases in Chancery, from 33 Car. 2 to 5 Geo. 1." In 1739 the illustrious Admiral Edward Vernon achieved the capture of Porto Bello ; for which daring exploit he received the thanks of both houses of parliament. He was the second son of James, the se- cretary, and of the Staffordshire line of this family. He died in 1757, in the 73rd year of his age, and has a noble monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey. In 1762 George Venables Vernon, of Sudbury, was created a peer of Great Britain, by the style and title of Lord Vernon, Baron of Kniderton, in the county of Chester, and has transmit- ted the dignities to the present lord. All that appears worthy of notice, respecting the Irish line, has been stated in the above article. From the before mentioned castle, recently erect- ed at the extremity of the village of Clontarf, a very pretty winding road, intersected by green lanes, enli- vened With houses and villas for the accommodation of bathers in the better days of this suburb, and com- h 2 100 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. manding delightful vistas of the bay and opposite mountains, leads to the Sheds of Clontarf, a place so denominated from several sheds or pent-houses, origi- nally constructed there for persons employed in pre- serving fish. A few houses, once of fashionable re- sort, still maintain the name, though the Sheds have long since vanished with the good days of the fish- ermen. A commodious rectangular chapel has been m built here, principally upon the bequest of Mr. Keary, before alluded to. A handsome porch projects seven- teen feet from the building. Continuing along the beach a pier is seen at the right, erected as a breakwater for the service of the harbour, and extending a considerable distance into the bay ; the space between the shore and the sand bank of the North Bull, which the mole traverses, being connected by a wooden bridge on piles, that admit the ingress and egress of the tide. " The mole," remarks Mr. Armstrong, in his little work on Fingal, " is firmly constructed of rough rock, and for about two miles of its extent is topped by square masses or blocks, and the glacis next the current faced with cut stone, but the remaining part is merely com- posed of rock and shingle thrown in promiscuously, constituting, however, a strong and effective break- water. It was constructed between the years 1820 and 1823, and from the shore to its termination ex- tends a mile and three-fifths, or 3,200 feet ; the inten- tion principally was to accelerate the current of the retiring tide waters of the Liffey, and, by confining them at the outlet, consequently augmenting their THE NORTH BULL. 101 force so as to free the channel of impediments from sediment or other obstructions. The works are appa- rently yet in an unfinished state, and the completion of the original design seems to be given up, but the intention is perfectly fulfilled, a strong current is created which has forced a straight passage through the bar, and the harbour is not now so difficult of access as formerly." The broad strip of wavy sand, alluded to as com- monly called the North Bull, is covered with a sickly - verdure, and occupies all the line between this shore and the regular bay of Dublin, into which, shooting its tail athwart the entrance of the Liffey, it forms the bar, on the shoal part of which there are from six to seven feet at low water of ordinary springs. This insulated sand bank abounds with eryngium mariti- mum, sea holly, and sedum acre, stone crop, while the conchologist, who visits it after particular tides, will be rewarded with a choice variety of shells. The shores of Clontarf abound with the muscle, of whose digestive services Horace is so laudatory — " Si dura morabitur alvus, Mitylus et viles pellent obstantia conchae." A wild, high-banked skirt of shore, fringed with some neat cottages and villas, leads from "the Sheds" to Blackbush, the seat of Mr. Guinness, and thence to Killbarrock. On the shore side of this road the botanist will find fedia olitoria, lamb's lettuce, salvia verbenaca, wild clary, festuca elatior, great fescue grass, amndo phragmites, common reed, useful in screens, for gardens, also as a foundation for plaster 102 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. in ceilings, thatch for barns, cottages, and outhouses, and for various other purposes. In the eastern coun- ties of England it is considered so valuable, that the farmer feels necessitated to send out boats and men with fire-arms to scare away the birds from its welcome shelter. As the evening begins to close, however, clouds of starlings approach from various quarters, in numbers exceeding belief, to pass the night in the reeds, and lighting in myriads, like the locusts of the cast, upon this flexible plant, they crush it to the water, lodging and beating it down as grain after a storm ; and, though the guns of the boatmen sweep them away by hundreds, the survivors are so drowsy that they remain stationary, or move only a few yards from the bodies of their slaughtered companions, and return on the ensuing evening in numbers not apparently dimi- nished, and with a total oblivion of the carnage of the preceding night. Triticum loliaceum, dwarf sea wheat grass, also abounds here ; dipsacus silvestris, wild tea- sel ; plantago maritima, sea plantain, of which species Darwin writes — " With strange deformity Plantago treads A monster birth, and lifts his hundred heads" — lithospermum officinale) common groundsel; beta mari- tima sea beet ; salsola kali, prickly saltwort, which is frequently substituted for chenopoduim maritimum, and as such used in glass manufactories, although the s oda obtained from it is not equal to that of some other species of salsola; coriandrum sativum, cori- ander, flowering in July ; silene maritima, sea cam- pion, or catchfly, of which Darwin writes — THE NORTH BULL. 103 " The fell Silene and her sisters fair, Skilled in destruction, spread the viscous snare — arenarla peploides, sea sandwort ; glaucum luteum, yellow horned poppy ; thalictrum minus, lesser mea- dow rue; cochlear la officinalis, common scurvy-grass; coclilearia Danica, Danish scurvy-grass ; cakile ma- ritima, sea rocket ; brasica napus, rape ; geranium dissection, jagged leaved crane's-bill; malva sylves- tris, common mallow, abounding with a pure muci- lage, and possessing, though in a milder degree, the emollient qualities of the marsh-mallow. In Horace's time it was an article of diet, " Me pascunt olivae, Me cichorea levesque malvae." The Chinese eat the leaves of mallow cither raw as salad, or boiled as spinach ; aster tripolium, sea star- wort ; pyrethrum maritimum, sea feverfew; juncus uliginosus, little bulbous rush ; juncus acutus, great sharp rush ; juncus bulbosus, round fruited rush, and cerastium arvense, field chick weed; scirpus glaucus, glaucous club-rush, flowering in August. On the high banks at the land side of this route, are found sambucus nigra, common elder; thymus serpyllum, wild thyme; vicia lathy roides, spring vetch; trifolium arvense, hare's-foot trefoil ; trifolium scabrum, rough rigid trefoil; sonchus arvensis, corn sow T thistle; Union angustifolium, narrow-leaved pale flax. — In the fields between Clontarf and Ratheny grow the Narcissus biflorus, pale Narcissus, or primrose peerless, much valued for its beauty and scent, though the latter soon becomes oppressive in a room ; also, the juncus 101 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. compressus, round fruited rush ; bromus secalinus, smooth rye brome-grass. — While the ditches between Clontarf and Beldoyle present the scrophularia no- Hlosa, knotty-rooted figwort, &c. In the geological department, it is to be remarked, that near Clontarf is a bed of cimolite, of a greyish white and pearl grey colour, friable, and intimately allied with fullers' earth ; galena is also met with here in calp, as is blende, partly of a brown, partly of a hyacinth red colour, and beautifully crystalized in octohedrons and dodekahedrons. Immediately beyond Blackbush, a turn at left conducts, by Mr. Papworth's cottage ornee , to the picturesquely situated little village of UATHENY, so denominated from the rath, the remains of which are still traceable opposite its church. Antiquarians, however, may regret that this, like others, is vastly curtailed of its fair proportions, the soil of such tu- muli being found an excellent refreshment for tillage lands. Of these raths or duns, as they are indifferently called in the Irish language, several are seen dispersed through different parts of Ireland, but, as in outward appearance they have much in common with the moats or funeral mounds, it is, sometimes, difficult to distinguish them. The latter, are, however, all artificial erections, smaller and more precipitate, and conse- quently wear the appearance of greater height, while RATHENY. 105 the former are a work of art, grafted, as it were, on nature, exercised in commanding situations, cut out of the hill, not raised from the plain, and in fosses, ramparts, and entrenchments, even still presenting the similitude of " grim-visaged war." In these raths, at the era of their origin, the habitations of the chief of the district and his family were constantly placed, consisting in general only of small buildings con- structed of earth and hurdles. They are popularly called Danish structures, but are recorded as existing before the Danes had settled in this island, and in localities to which their incursions cannot be traced ; while some of them bear evidence on their summits, in cromlechs and stone circles, of that heathen reli- gion which had wholly ceased before the period of Danish tyranny. Their dimensions are various, but their forms almost always round or oval, and some have caves of considerable extent hollowed within them.* One of this description shall be spoken of hereafter at " Lucan." A pretty but nameless little rivulet, which rises near St. Margaret's, after passing by Harristown, Sillock,- Ballymun, Santry demesne and Coolock, winds through the valley near which this town has been built, and, rippling by what is called the manor house, formerly celebrated for the valuable flowers of its garden when in the occupation of the late Mr. * See D'Alton's Essay on the Ancient History, &c. of Ireland, p. 126, &c. in the 1st Part of the XVI. th vol. of the Royal Irish Acade- my's Transactions. 106 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Cave, empties itself into the sea near Mr. Papworth's cottage, where the parish mill formerly stood. The church of Ratheny is a plain structure in good repair, standing on a rising ground. It was rebuilt in 171*2, as a stone inserted in the wall indi- cates, and was originally dedicated to St. Assan. The interior is well preserved, but entirely destitute of embellishment. It has two mural slabs of black and white marble, commemorating respectively mem- bers of the Harrison and Finn families. At the west end is an elevated pier, perforated with niches, in one of which is placed the bell. The churchyard is bordered by several very ancient trees. In it are monuments to Edmund Archbold, who died in 1/1 1, one to Robert Harrison of the city of Dublin, who died in 1769? a monument for the relatives of Mr. Law, formerly a banker in Dublin, another for the Grogan family, &c. The parish takes its name from the village, bor- ders on the sea, and, according to the Trigonometrical Survey, comprises 920a. 1r. 19p. In the Protestant establishment it is a single benefice, an undivided rectory, in the deanery of Finglas, and patronage of the crown, and has an excellent glebe-house near the village, with a glebe of fifty-six acres. In the Roman Catholic arrangement, it is, as before men- tioned, included in the union of Clontarf. — The po- pulation of this parish, together with the village, was returned in 1821 as 505 persons, and in 1831 as 608. Lord Howth is the chief proprietor of the fee herein; the average rent of land, on modern lettings, varies RATHE NY. 107 from £4 to £5; and a cabin without land is hired at from 2s. to 3s. per week, the wages* of labour being 1 (id. per day. Ratheny has been already mentioned as the boun- dary of the city jurisdiction in this direction, and there is a stone built into the angle of Mr. Pap- worth's cottage here, which w T as evidently intended to denote that circumstance. It has carved upon it the arms of the Howth family, with a tower in the dexter chief of the field, possibly the ancient arms of the city of Dublin, the date 1572, the initials C. E. denoting (it is to be presumed) Civitas Eblana. A great portion of the townland originally appertained to the Priory of the Holy Trinity, in Dublin, i. e. Christ Church, while king Henry the Second granted, or it would rather appear con- firmed to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin, (inter alia) other lands in Ratheny, with all their appurtenances, and all shipwrecks, toge- ther with sac and soc, toll and them, infangthef, outfangthef, and all liberties and free customs.")" The former religious house there- upon exchanged the principal part of their estates here with the latter for other possessions. J A section of Ratheny was, about the same time, granted by Earl Strongbow " as fully as Gilcolm had previously held the same," to John de Courcy, the celebrated chieftain, who had re- ceived from King Henry, while in Ireland, a grant of the province of Ulster, with the very necessary proviso, that he should first re- duce it by the force of his arms. And here, in the vicinity of his sworn comrade, Sir Armoricus St. Lawrence, in the very view of those mountains of Mourne, which overlooked his future pos- sessions, this rugged soldier assembled around him the fiery spirits * It may be here observed, that all statements of the wages of labour in this work, imply wages without food, t Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum. \ Repertorium Viride. 108 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. whom Fitz Adehn's administration had almost frighted from their allegiance. He won their willing aid by the promise of settle- ments for themselves in the unexplored regions of the north, while even the chivalrous St. Lawrence proffered his men at arms for the extension of his friend's possessions and power. In vain did the invidious Lord Deputy, by an arbitrary order, forbid de Courcy to prosecute the realization of the roval grant ; the prohibition was slighted. Having strengthened his resources by marrying the daughter of Got red, King of Man, he proceeded from Ratheny, in the summer of 11S2, at the head of his adven- turous party, with all the bearing of chivalry, and, glittering in polished armour, his white charger curveting under him, while he inflamed yet more the hopes of his associates by the then pe- culiarly exciting suggestion of Merlin's current prophecies, that a knight in such accoutrements was destined to be the conqueror of Ulster. The annals of the North, during his visitation, are the history of his successful carnage. The unwearied perseverance with which he overran that fine province, well evinces how difficult it is to sheath the sword that has been familiarized with victory. Every where his course was traced by ruined districts, depopula- ted villages, and desecrated churches. The reader of such events, and of others more legitimately connected with this work, may be induced to wonder at the mo- ral contradiction exhibited in the characters of the leading Welch adventurers of this period, their cruelty and their piety, their su- perstition and their sacrilege, their burning of one church and founding of another. The policy of the invasion, however, ex- plains these acts. Religious establishments, possessed by natives, were invaded as the property of an enemy, while a portion of the plunder was appropriated to the establishing of similar houses for English subjects exclusively, as useful allies for the reduction of the country. As an instance of this policy in de Ceurcy, he de- stroyed the abbey of Carrick, and applied its revenues to the foun- dation of a monastery for Cistercian monks, whom he brought over from the celebrated establishment at Furness. He subse- quently in the same spirit dispossessed the canons of the cathe- dral church of Down, and replaced them by Benedictine monks from the abbey of St. Werburgh, in Chester. Another of these RATH EN Y. 109 spiritual garrUons he established at Tobberglory, and another at Neddrum, in which he settled English monks from Cumberland. In 1189 Pope Clement the Third confirmed to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin the grant of their possessions here, which King John further renewed, describing the premises as " the lands of Ratheny with the chapel, four cleft mouse ear chickweed ; and a species of the papaver somniferum, white poppy with purple flowers. On the southern beach, statice limonium, sea la- vender; beta maritima, sea beet, flowering in Au- gust, and accounted a good substitute for spinage in winter and spring months ; crambe maritimum, sea kale ; erodium maritimum, sea stork's bill ; triticum juncenm, rushy wheat grass, a plant of great impor- tance in districts subject to inundations of the sea, which nature seems to have designed it, like the arun- do arenaria, to retard ; festuca elatior, great fescue grass ; Umbarda crithmoides, golden samphire, flower- ing in August and September. — On the south side of the hill a variety of lotus corniculatus, common bird's foot trefoil with hairy leaves ; artemisia mari- tima, sea wormwood; inula crithmoides, samphire- leaved flea bane ; samolus valerandi, water pimpernel ; statice spathulata, upright spiked sea lavender. — On the north-east side, growing out of a rocky mountain, is found pyrus aria, white beam tree ; — and on the east viola hirta, hairy violet ; sium repens, creeping water parsnip ; and orchis viridis, frog orchis. 154 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Of the geology and mineralogy of this hill Dr. Stephens says — " In the peninsula of Howth, which forms the extremity of the northern side of Dublin bay, several different kinds of rock, and some valuable pro- ductions are to be found. In following the course of the shore on the south side of the hill, the first stone observable in its place is secondary limestone in beds. Further on, and immediately incumbent on the lime- stone, is siderocalcite in considerable quantity, its situation corresponding with that of the limestone, and still further, but not visibly connected with these, grit or arenaceous quartz, (of which the abrupt rocks above Lord Howth's demesne, on the north-west side of the hill, seem also to consist,) with an appearance of irregular stratification in some places. This stone is soon succeeded by argillite, which continues as far as the martello tower, and the grit again appears from thence to the cove under Mr. Hannington's house. " The cliffs at the place last mentioned consist of strata of a sort of slaty clay, or shale intermixed with beds of the same sort of grit as that of which the greater part of the hill is composed. Some of the clay strata are penetrated by the siliceous matter, which gives them a greater degree of hardness than the others, and a most interesting spectacle is presented by this assem- blage of beds, which vary in thickness from an inch to a foot. These are in general nearly vertical, in one place they diverge upwards, the opening being filled up by bending strata ; the beds are of various shades of colour from brick red to ash grey? and are HOWTH. 155 crossed by veins of quartz and of chlorite, which sub- stances are generally intermixed. " The different degrees of hardness possessed by the strata now described, are the cause of their pre- senting a very singular appearance, the softer parts being washed away to a considerable depth by the action of the atmosphere and the dashing of the waves, while the harder are preserved, and form a kind of stripes in relief. At the base of the cliff there is a prolongation of the harder strata running out into the sea, and to the east of this place the hill on the shore consists of a soft kind of slate, which is entirely smoothed down to a slope."* " From the south-western side of Howth grey ore of manganese and brown iron stone have been ob- tained in considerable quantity, and a variety of the earthy black cobalt ore of Werner has been found there, in the form of a coating, of a rich blue colour, which incrusts the fissures of a rock of slate clay, ap- proaching to whetslate. In this substance Mr. Tennant has ascertained the presence of the oxides of cobalt and of manganese, and the discovery of it at Howth is of importance, as it indicates the probability of the existence of other more valuable ores of cobalt in that neighbourhood. "f A huge bed of porphyritic greenstone is also visi- ble on the southern side, running from the water edge into the heart of the hill, and separating at some dis- tance into two lesser veins, which gradually diverge * Stephens's Mineralogy, p, 40, &c. -j- Id. p. 42. 150 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. from each other ; while, in two caves on the north- west shore, lapides stalactitii, stony icicles or drop stones, have been found. It is likewise supposed to contain coal, and Irish diamonds have been found in working its quarries. Doctor Rutty classes two petrifying springs here, one issuing from under the battlements of the church- yard, and the other situated in a bay on the east side of the hill, at a place where is, perhaps, the most com- modious bathing-place in the neighbourhood of Dub- lin. Xear it is the singular precipice called Puck's Rock. In the new harbour hundreds of the star fish may be seen expanding themselves in all the splendour of prismatic light. A species of the mustella marina is also seen hereabouts sometimes, the astacus mar'mus> . lobster, abundantly, and the cancer marhius, sea crab, less frequently. It may be lastly remarked, in refe- rence to this locality, that the road to it from the city has been the subject of distinct legislation in the acts 56 Geo. 3, c. lxxi. | local) ; 4 Geo. 4, c. 74; 6 Geo. 4, c. 100; 7 Geo. 4, c. 76 ; and 9 Geo. 4, c. 75. The Family of St. Lawrence. It has already been mentioned, in deference to very ancient tradition, that this ennobled surname in Ireland originated in the fortuitous circumstance of Sir Armoricus, who first appears to have acquired it, having obtained the victory that assured the pa- trimony of his descendants on St. Lawrence's day. It must, how- ever, be remarked, that the most remote annals of France abound with records of families of a St. Laurent," and "St. Laureus," and that, as if some scions of these houses had passed into England with THE FAMILY OF ST. LAWRENCE. 157 the Conqueror, or soon after, Robert de St. Lawrence and Osbert de St. Lawrence are found early in the twelfth century proprietors of lands in Hampshire, which descended to their heirs male. That the name rather originated in Normandy, and was inhe- rited by Sir Armoricus, would seem in a certain degree supported by the equally accredited tradition, that it was in* the Church of Rouen this warrior and de Courcy became sworn companions in arms. There they 6t solemnly vowed," says Hanmer, " to serve together, to live and die together, and equally to divide between them what they won by the sword, or should be given them in re- gard of their service. Thus they continued in France, Anjou, Normandy, and England, and, when Sir J ohn de Courcy was joined in commission with William de Burgo, Fitz Adelm, and others, Sir Armoricus de St. Lawrence accompanied him into Ireland, where de Courcy received a grant of the king by patent for him and his heirs or assigns after him to enjoy in that land all that he could conquer with the sword, reserving to the king homage and fealty. They landed at Howth, and there fought a cruel fight by the side of a bridge, when Sir John de Courcy being sickly, tarried aboard the ship. Sir Armoricus, being chieftain and general of the field by land, behaved himself most worthily; many were slain on both sides, but Sir Armoricus got the victory, with the loss of seven of his own blood, sons, uncles, and nephews ; whereupon, for his singular valour and good service there performed, that lordship was allotted unto him for his part of the conquest, with other things which Sir John de Courcy gave him. Immediately Sir John, Sir Armoricus, and Sir Roger le Poer, (who afterwards married the niece of Sir Armoricus), so well appointed as then contented them, directed their course towards the north, the principal cause that moved them (besides their valour) was the hard government of William Fitz Adelm, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland."* The same historian gives a very animated account of the achievements of these comrade warriors in Ulster. In one en- gagement " Sir Armoricus, sore wounded, was laid under a hedge where he left much blood, and was carried away between four men ; * Hanmer's Chonicle of Ireland. 158 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. his wounds were so many and so dangerous, that no physician or sur- geon could promise life the space of nine days, yet in the end he recovered. Next unto him was his son, Sir Nicholas St. Lawrence, a most valiant knight, so sore wounded in nine several places that he was once left for dead, but at length recovered, to the great comfort of his friends." About the year 1189 the gallant father perished under circumstances well suited to the chivalry of his life. De Courcy's settlements in Ulster having been threatened by Cathal O'Conor, Sir Armoricus marched with a little body of two hun- dred foot and thirty cavalry into Connaught, for the purpose of causing a diversion in his favour. Cathal was, however, informed of their motions, and, resolving to intercept them, the brave knight soon found they had incautiously fallen into an ambush, where a vastly superior force lay ready to destroy them. To contend of- fered no hope of success, to surrender was dishonourable and dan- gerous. In this desperate emergency the love of life so far pre- vailed upon the cavalry, that they resolved to trust to the fleetness of their horses before they were entirely surrounded, and leave their companions to their fate, but the infantry, hearing of this intention, with the brother of Armoricus at their head, gathered round their companions, reproached them with their ignoble pur- pose, reminded them of the many toils and dangers in which they had supported each other, the friendships and affinities they had mutually formed, the attachment and fidelity they had experienced from each other, and finally conjured them by every tender and effective motive not to disgrace their former conduct, nor abandon their fellow soldiers and their brethren to the fury of a barbarous and revengeful enemy. The heroic spirit was restored. Sir Armoricus " lighted, kneeled upon his knees, kissed the cross of his sword, and ran his horse through, saying, thou shalt never serve against me that so worthily hast served with me. The like did all the rest." Two, the youngest of this body were ordered to retire to a neighbouring eminence, there to view the engagement, and bear a faithful report to de Courcy of the conduct of his friends in this their last hour of desperate encounter. " It was a bloody day, when all at the one side and 1,000 of the other side fell to the ground." Cathal founded the fine Abbey of Knock- moy, in the county Galvvay, on the field of action, a monument THE FAMILY OF ST. LAWRENCE. 159 even more commemorative of the romantic valour of his enemies than of his own glory. Sir Armoricus had issue by the sister of de Courcy, three sons, the two younger of whom were slain on Good Friday, 1 203, in assist- ing their said uncle against Lacy's men, who fell upon them when unarmed in the churchyard of Downpatrick. Sir Nicholas, the eld- est son, was sent to England on his father's death, to inform the king of the situation of affairs, whence returning to Ireland he was obliged to content himself with the lands of Howth, and to suffer the conquests of his relatives in Ulster to be appropriated to mo- nasteries and abbies. In the archives of Lord Howth is a deed, whereby this Sir Nicholas confirmed to his son Almaric all Howth with its appurtenances. This deed is witnessed by John Comyn Archbishop of Dublin, John de Courcy, Hugh Tyrrel, Robert Tyrrel, William Petit, Geoffrey de Constantine, Adam de Here- ford, Richard de Hereford, Geoffrey de Nugent, Adam de Phepoe, Richard Talbot, Robert de Nugent, Andrew de Courtyn, Richard de Castello, Robert de Cornwalsh, &c. In reference to the Norman stock it may be here observed, that in 1 191 Sir Robert St. Lawrence was signalized by Richard Cceur de Lion, for his bravery in scaling the walls of Acre, while in 1224 Simon de St. Lawrence was a considerable benefactor to the Priory " du Mont aux Malades" in Rouen. On the other hand, however, it must be noticed that various records are ex- tant of this century, relative to the members of the Tristram fa- mily, in Wiltshire, Berkshire, Kent, Oxfordshire, and Yorkshire. About the year 1317 the Lord Lieutenant, for some most ur- gent reasons touching the king, granted the wardship and mar- riage of Nicholas, son and heir of Adam Lord of Howth, to John Plunkett of Bewley, in the county of Louth, whose daughter Alicia this Nicholas afterwards married.* He became the twelfth baron, and is mentioned by Marleburgh as a nobleman " of singular ho- nesty." In 1369 he witnessed a grant of the lands of Rowlagh to the Priory of St. John the Baptist. In 1373 he was summoned to a great council, and also sat in the parliament of 1375. In * Roll in Ch. Rememb. Offic. 160 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. 1376 he was one of the members for this county, in the remark- able parliament which Edward the Third assembled on summons at Westminster, and in 1381 was appointed one of the guardians of the peace of this county. In 1380 Peter de Howth, who had married Matilda, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas de Verdon, and for whose lands he then did homage and swore fealty to the king, was by patent or- dered to be put into possession of her inheritance which was held of the crown by her father in capite. In 1456 Sir Christopher St. Lawrence, the fourteenth Lord, was, by act of parliament, appointed a member of the Privy Council for life, with a fee for his services in that office ; and si- milar services, it may be observed, were sometimes considered of such importance and trust, that in 1547 Fulco de la Freyne on a like commission had an annuity granted to him of forty pounds, an enormous sum in those days. Sir Robert St. Lawrence, the fifteenth Baron of Howth, was made Chancellor of the green wax of the Exchequer by patent, in 1467. In 1474 he was one of" the thirteen of the most no- ble and worthy persons within the four shires," composing the fraternity or brotherhood of St. George, and who assumed that ti- tle from the circumstance of their assembling annually at Dublin, to express their zeal for English government. In 1483 he was constituted Lord Chancellor of Ireland by Richard the Third. He married the daughter of the Duke of Somerset, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. In 1485 William de St. Law- rence of Stapolin, was seised in fee of the castle and 440 acres in Laggagh in the County Meath, which he held of the Archbishop of Dublin, as of his manor of Eniskeen, by the service of a red rose yearly on the feast of St. John the Baptist. In 1490 Sir Nicholas (of whom further particulars, more es- pecially connected with Howth, are detailed in its history.) was pre- sent in parliament, and again in that of 1493, held by the Lord Deputy Kildare, previous to the famous battle of Knocktow, on which latter occasion this nobleman led the bill men, and through- out the day fought on foot. In 1509 he was made Lord Chan- cellor of Ireland. In 1535 Thomas Howth of Artane, was se- cond Justice of the King's Bench; and the act of absentee? of THE FAMILY OF ST. LAWRENCE. 161 1537, contains a special saving of his rights. Notwithstanding his judicial situation, it would seem that in 1539 this Thomas was retained as council for the religious houses of Ballybogan, Clo- nard, Great Conall, and Kilmainham, each of whom granted him an annuity for such his service. Sir Christopher, the seventeenth Lord of Howth, was one of the peers who sat in the parliament of 1541, on which occasion he signed the following interesting announcement to Henry the Eighth, of his having been at that parliament proclaimed King of Ireland. " After our most humble and bounden duties it may please your most excellent Majesty to be advertised, that your Highness's parliament began crastino Trhritatis, and the Tuesday next following, resorted to the same, the Earls of Ormond and Desmond, and with them the Lord Barry, the Lord Roche, the Lord Fitz Maurice, and hither came also the Lord Bermingham of Anery in Connaught, which lords have not been here of many years before : and the Thursday being Corpus Christi day, after a solemn mass of the Holy Ghost, resorted to the parliament chamber, where the commons presented to us their speaker, one Sir Thomas Cusack, who made a right good proposition in laud and praise of your Majesty, most worthily deserved, and also de- clared what benefit came of obedience to princes and observing of laws ; which, after being answered by your Grace's Chancel- lor in English, and by the Earl of Ormand declared in Irish, much contented the said lords and commons. And the Friday, being there again assembled, the bill, whereby your Majesty should be made king of this realm, was read and declared to the said Lords, who most willingly with all the rest of the lords spiritual and tem- poral consented to the same, and, after three times read with like consent, it was sent to the lower house, where it likewise passed with no less joy and gladness. We send to your Majesty the names of all such lords, both English and Irish, as were at the same, and gave their liberal consents thereunto. Your Majesty's servants, Donogh O'Brien and O'Brien's attorneys appeared at this parliament, and willingly gave their consents to the same act ; but for O'Neill, we cannot perceive that ever he will come to any honest conformity, but judge him to be the only poison and gall of this your realm. Over this it may please your Majesty to M 162 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. be advertised, that O'Reilly, being here at your Grace's parlia- ment, and wearing the apparel which your Highness sent unto him of your Grace's gift, made humble suit unto us to be peti- tioners for him unto your Majesty, that he might have and hold his lands upon your Highness to him and to his heirs for ever ; wherefore, your Grace so contented, because he is a man of great | ower, we think it convenient that he have the honour of a Vis- count, and that he be called the Viscount of the Cavan, which is the chief town in his county/' In 1543, the before-mentioned justice, Thomas Howth, was one of the Privy Council who signed a recommendation to the crnwn, advertising his Majesty, that after the despatch of the Lord O'Brien, Fitz William, and others, with letters to his Majesty, " an Irish captain called Shedagh Mac Namara, bordering upon the said O'Brien's lands, and Lord of Cloncullen in Thomond, required us to write likewise to your Majesty in his behalf, who would also repair to do his duty to your Highness, and to declare his humble obedience to the same, with further petition that it might please your Majesty not only to advance him to the honour of a Baron, by name of Cloncullen, but also, that, he may hold such lands and possessions as he now hath of your Majesty, by knight's service to him and to his heirs, with place in your parlia- ment accordingly. And, for that the said Mac Namara is a man, whose ancestors have in those parts always borne a great sway, and one that for himself is of honest conformity, whose lands lie wholly on the furside of the Shannon, we most humbly beseech your Majesty, to regard him according your princely bounty. * * * But, what grant soever your Majesty make to any of that sort, it may please your Highness to will a special proviso and condition to be inserted in your letters patents, that the same shall not be meant nor expounded to entitle any of them, or their heirs, to any land or dominion on this side the said water of the Shannon/' &c. Richard, the nineteenth Lord of Howth, was, in the reign of Edward the Sixth, sent into the territory of Lecale with 100 horse, to aid in banishing the Scots from Ulster ; and Christopher, the twentieth Baron, sat in both the parliaments of Elizabeth, re- flectively held in 1559 and 1585. He was also, in 1559 and 1563, joined in commissions, particularly alluded to at these years in the " General Historv of the Count v of Dublin," and in 1576 THE FAMILY OF ST. LAWRENCE. 163 was one of those who signed the remonstrance for and on behalf of the Lords of the Pale. A Norman reminiscence is here suggested by a monument in the church of St. Denis at Rouen, commemorating the death in 1560 of " Monsieur Pierre de St. Laurens, Sieur du Vieil manoir, kc, de Grand pre, Conseiller en la Cour, 6cc." Sir Nicholas, the twenty-first Lord of Howth, was knighted in the memorable year of 1588, and in 1593 brought to the general hosting on the hill of Tara, six archers on horseback for Howth, and one for Killester. He was, also, one of the peers who sat in the parliament of 1595. In 1599, Sir Christopher St. Lawrence, son to the Lord of Howth, being in the train of the Earl of Essex, on the occasion of the attack on the castle of Cahir, was sent " in the beginning of the night (May 29), with 300 kern-men to possess an island which lieth from the castle north-east (not more than harquebuss shot), and to break up two bridges, one of which leadeth from the island to the main, and the other from the same island to the castle," in which enterprise he completely succeeded. This gal- lant young gentleman was afterwards brought into much trouble by his attachment to his unfortunate leader on this occasion, the Earl of Essex. " Sir Christopher St. Lawrence," writes Rowland Whyte to Sir Robert Sydney in October, 1599, "at an ordinary, took a cup and drank to the health of my Lord of Essex, and to the confusion of his enemies. He was called in question for it before the Lord Treasurer, where he did not deny his words, but would justify them if any enemy of my Lord Essex did find fault with him. I heard my Lord Treasurer did school him, but nothing else done unto him." * * * And, in another letter, " The Lord of Dunkelly, Sir Christopher St. Law rence and others, that are come out of Ireland, were at court, and presented them- selves before her Majesty. She used them very graciously, but told them they had made a scornful journey." * * * Again, " Sir John Gilbert came to Sir Christopher St. Lawrence's chamber, he being a-bed, and told him that he came to know, if, because he did not pledge the health of my Lord of Essex the same day he drank to it, and to the damnation of his enemies, he would stab him, for so it was given out that Sir Christopher should sav ; but. Sir Christopher M 2 164 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. said it was a lie, that he, at that time, drunk to the Earl's health, and the gentlemen to whom he drank, pledged it, and that what he said there he would maintain with his sword in his shirt against any man. Sir John replied, that he pledged it not because he was allied to a contrary faction." In a letter of the same corres- pondence, dated on the last day of the said month, Whyte says, " My Lord Mountjoy must go into Ireland, and the Lords upon Monday were at York House, to confer with my Lord Essex upon the state of Ireland. They were long with him, he continues still as he did, and I hear no hope of any speedy liberty. It is verily believed that her Majesty will have his contempts called to public question. All captains that have charge in Ireland are commanded to be gone. Upon Sunday, St. Lawrence was at council table, where 200 told him that he had used indecent speeches of him, and took him to be his professed enemy. St. Lawrence answered that he never offended his honour, that he knew both how to govern himself and his speech towards him, that whosoever told him of it was a villain, and that if he would name him, he would make him deny it. Aye, by G — that he would ; all this with very great reverence to the place, but pas- sionate as a soldier moved with the speeches of so great a coun- sellor. He was commanded to return to his charge; he replied, ' that he had but a poor command there, that he had great busi- ness here to stay, which he would acquaint their Lordships withal, if it pleased them to hear it, that he was willing to quit it to any other.' I think he hath a company of 100 foot, and some horse. It was told him he was an Irishman ; he said, 1 1 am sorry that when I am in England I should be esteemed an Irishman, and in Ireland an Englishman. I have spent my blood, engaged and endangered my life often to do her Majesty service, and do be- seech to have it so regarded.' " In 1600 this chivalrous soldier was a colonel of foot at the fight of Cariingford, with the Lord Deputy Mountjoy, in the expedition against Tyrone. In July of the following year, "Mountjoy," as Moryson relates, "having in person reconnoitred the woods and fastnesses, despatched Sir Christopher St. Law- rence's regiment to Benburb, where was the ancient residence of Shane O'Neill, environed with woods. Here a considerable THE FAMILY OF ST. LAWRENCE. 165 Irish force had assembled, and a sharp conflict of three hours' duration ensued. The battle was fought in view of the Deputy's camp, whence reinforcements were detached to the English as occasion required. Tyrone's troops were finally defeated with the loss of 200 men." He afterwards acquitted himself with sin- gular bravery at the siege of Kinsale, as is fully testified in the Pacata Hibernia. Yet, in 1607, he and Lord Delvin were ap- prehended as having participated in the rebellion of Tyrone and Tyrconnel. In 1634 Nicholas, the twenty-third Lord of Howth, was one of the peers who took part in the procession of that talented des- pot, Lord Strafford, to St. Patrick's Cathedral, previous to his opening the sessions of parliament ; and in 1641 he was amongst those of the Pale whom the Lords Justices and Privy Coun- cil of Ireland invited to a conference at the castle, " on the estate of the kingdom ; on which occasion, only he, the Earl of Kildare, and Lord Fitz William attended. In the same year, a royal writ, dated at Bristol, was directed to him amongst others, the king's liege subjects, to receive the great seal which had been sent over by Sir William Welles, Lord Chancellor, and command- ing that all grants of the old seal, from the first day of the reign, should be vacated and thereby annulled. Christopher St. Lawrence of Cruisetown, was one of the confederate Catholics who assembled at Kilkenny in 1647. William, the twenty-fourth lord, by his will, bearing date in May, 1671, ordered his body to be buried in the monument of his ancestors near his father in Howth church, provided for the pajmient of his debts and his daughter's fortunes, and, because his son Thomas was but of tender years, directed that the guardian- ship of him and his younger brother should be committed to his well-beloved Thomas Earl of Ossory, bequeathing to his younger son Charles, and his heirs, all his estate in England, desiring that the woods thereon might be sold and converted to his best advantage, and that, as soon as he was fit for it, he might be either sent to study the laws of England, or bound unto some merchant. To his son Thomas he gave the great seal of the family, and, if his executors found assets sufficient, he desired a new vault and tomb might be made in the church of Howth for his father's and 1C6 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. mother's bones, and his and his family's interment, (in regard the old vault was well nigh full,) in the same place where his father and mother then lay, &c. Thomas, the twenty-fifth Baron, sat in King's James's parlia- ment in 1689, as he did in 1692 in the first after the revolution, and in 1697 signed the association and declaration in defence of the person and government of King William, and the succession as settled by act of parliament. In 1767 Thomas, the twenty- seventh Lord, was created Viscount St. Lawrence and Earl of Howth. Various other notices of the family are given at the localities to which they apply, and may be traced by the general index ; but Camden's remarks should not be overlooked. " By a singular happiness," he says, " during so long a series of years not one of the St. Lawrences of Howth has been convicted of treason, nor any left in a state of minority the latter clause of the congra- tulation is, however, contradicted by the pedigree. Ireland's eye. This interesting island, lying immediately off Howth, is supposed to be that which Ptolemy calls " Adri deserta," Pliny " Andros," and Richard of Cirencester " Edna." It is of a pyramidal form, and composed chiefly of quartz rock, which, like that in Howth, exhibits the phenomena of contortions in great variety and distinctness ; the quartz being in- terstratified with schistose rocks of a great variety of colours, rendering by their contrast the curvatures of the beds very apparent. It has a high rocky ascent on the Howth side, precipices called the Stags on the east, which have proved very dangerous to ships, and a shelving bank at south and east, which produces many curious medicinal plants, that in the months of May and June yield a strong, heavy odour. Ireland's eye. 167 Rabbits abound on the island, and in reference to its ornithology, the cross-bill, loxia, a bird which destroys pines and fir trees, has been seen upon it occasionally, as also the columba rupicola, or rock pigeon ; while, in more ancient times, the island was noted for a fine breed of goshawks, that used to build among its rocks. They were in high esteem among falconers, being flown at cranes, pheasants, partridges, and geese, while their habit of preying upon wild geese is said to have been the origin of their name. On the south side of the island are the ruins of a small, but very ancient chapel, founded, according to tradition, by St. Nessail in the sixth century ; and, in whose sequestered sanctuary he is said to have past the evening of a well spent life in abstinence and prayer. From its gable sprang a round belfry, the stump of which yet remains. Many curious legends still survive relative to St. Nessan's residence in the island, and the temptations, he endured here, have each " a local habitation and a name." Lanigan, however, thinks, and it is gene- rally most safe to agree with him, that the history of Nessan has no foundation in truth. fi< There was no Nessan in that island, but we find that three holy men, sons of Nessan of the royal house of Leinster, inhabited it in the seventh century, and their me- mory was revered there on the 15th of March, at which day Colgan treats of them. The island, from them, got the name of Inis-mac-Nessan, or island of the sons of Nessan, as it appears in a brief of Pope Alexander the Third to St. Lawrence O'Toole." 168 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. It is said that in this abbey was deposited and preserved that copy of the Four Gospels preemi- nently styled, " the Garland of Howth," of which Archbishop Allen has written, that it was held " in such esteem and veneration, that good men scarcely dared to take an oath upon it, for fear of the judg- ment of God being immediately shown on those who should favour themselves." In 1179, Pope Alexander the Third granted to the See of Dublin (inter alia) this island with its appendages, an endowment which was further confirmed by John, when Earl of Morton, and subsequently by Pope Clement the Third to that see. In 1337 it was again assured to the see by King Edward, and also in 1394, by King Richard during his sojourn in Dublin. In 1543 Sir Christopher St. Lawrence, knight, contested the right to Ireland's Eye with the Archbishop of Dublin, when the Lord Chancellor decided that it belonged to the See of Dublin, and that Lord Howth never had any seisin thereof, otherwise than by the license of the Archbishop for the time being, and at a certain reserved rent. It is accordingly so still held by the Earl of Howth. The botany of Ireland's Eye exhibits iris foetidis- sima, the roast-beef plant ; aha prcecox, early hair- grass ; crithmum maritimum, sea samphire ; thalic- trum mi?2us, lesser meadow-rue ; spartiwn scoparium, common broom ; the rosa villosa, garden rose in va- rious parts of its surface ; mesogloia multifida, which stains water to a pink colour. — In marshy spots, mon- tia fontana, water blinks ; senecio aquaticus, marsh ragwort; car ex recurva, heath-sedge. — On the rocks, statice armeria, sea-pink ; geranium sanguineum, bloody crane's-bill ; lavatera arborea, tree-mallow ; Ireland's eye. 169 scilla verna, vernal squill, a sweet and rare flower with blue and white bells. — On the sandy shores, arenaria marina, spurry sandwort, air a flexuosa, waved mountain hair-grass ; euphorbia Portlandica, Portland spurge. The tourist, returning to the mainland, cannot leave the scenery of Howth and its fine promontory, without admitting, that were it within six times the distance from London that it is from Dublin, it would long before this be a diadem of picturesque attraction. Passing the church and castle on the left, the parish school is seen on the right, which is principally supported by Lord Howth. The succeeding sea- coast presents some good salt-marshes, the pasture of which is considered restorative for cattle. Following the road from Howth to Beldoyle, the botanist will find on the sandy warren in that direc- tion verbascum thapsus, great mullein ; salsola kali, prickly saltwort ; gentiana campestris, field gentian ; eryngium maritimum, sea holly ; conium maculatum, common hemlock ; statice reticulata, matted thrift ; arundo arenaria, sea reed; triticum junceum, rushy wheat grass ; campanula rotundifolia, round-leaved bell flower ; rumex acetosella, sheep's sorrel ; triglo- chin maritimum, sea arrow grass ; scleranthus an- num, annual knowel ; arenaria serpyllifolia, thyme- leaved sandwort ; spergula nodosa, knotted spurrey ; a variety of rosa spinosissima, burnet rose, with white flowers ; ihalictrum minus, lesser meadow rue ; sta- chys palustris, marsh woundwort ; antirrhinum Una- 170 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ria, yellow toad flax, the expressed juice of which, mixed with milk, is poison for flics ; rapkamu rapha- nistrum, wild radish ; hyoscyamus ni^er, common henbane ; trifoUum procumbens, hop trefoil ; carex arenaria, sea sedge ; llttorella lacustris, shore weed ; atriplex laciniata, frosted sea-orache ; carlina vulga- ris, the seeds of which, as of many other plants of the same class, are furnished with a plume, by which ad- mirable mechanism they perform long aerial journeys, crossing lakes and deserts, and are thus disseminated far from the original plant, having much the appear- ance of a shuttlecock as they fly. It is further to be observed, that the flowers of this thistle expand them- selves in a star, and form a beautiful appearance in dry weather, but shut themselves up against moist, whence, being immersed in a bottle of water, and ex- posed to the air, they make an excellent hygrometer, and retain the quality for a long time. On these sands may also be observed ranunculus parviflorus, small-flowered crowfoot ; blysmus rufus, narrow- leaved blysmus, flowering in July, &c. BELDOYLE, the next locality, is a fishing village about six Irish miles from the metropolis, situated upon a cold, bleak strand, but commanding a good prospect of Howth, Ireland's Eye, and Lambay. There are eight wher- ries and four smacks engaged in the fisheries here, employing about one hundred persons. Its harbour is nearly dry, boats cannot enter it before last quar- ter flood, and the general rise of tides is about twelve BELDOYLE. 171 feet ; there are, however, good landing beaches, with conveniences for drying nets. A handsome chapel is in progress of erection here. It is to have a nave eighty-four feet long by forty broad, and thirty-five high, with suitable tran- septs and a cupola. Near it are two capacious charity schools, founded in 1831, one for boys, the other for girls. They are supported partly out of grants of £18 to the former, and £17 to the latter, annually, from the National Board, and partly on Mr. Keary's be- quest, hereafter mentioned. The total number of their pupils was 119 in 1834. This maritime parish bears the name of the vil- lage, and extends over 1422a. 3r. 12p. Its rectory being entirely impropriate in the corporation of Dub- lin, it ranks as but a curacy in the union of Howth? annexed with it and Killbarrock to a prebend in St. Patrick's Cathedral. The curate used, until late years, to receive a stipend of £10 annually from the corporation, who are also the principal proprietors of the fee (to the amount of £450 per annum) under the grant made to them of the possessions of the Pri- ory of Aroasian Canons of All Hallows. Some particulars of the order of Regular Canons of St. Augustine, of which the Aroasians were a branch, and so called from an abbey in the diocese of Arras, in Flanders, are given at " Holmpatrick." The Earl of Howth is also a proprietor of part of the fee of this parish. Rent varies within it from £2 to £6 per acre, and a cabin without land is let for about £2 per annum, the wages of labour being 8s. per 172 COUxNTY OF DUBLIN. week. This parish accounts likewise in the Roman Catholic Union of Hovvth. The census of its com- parative population returns the Roman Catholics as 1,053, and the Protestants as 85, while the number of labourers therein and in Killbarrock is said to be 139? of whom 83 get constant employment, the re- mainder occasional. So early as in the year 1040 Sitric, the Danish King of Dublin, bestowed, towards the founding of Christ Church, " the land, ma- nor, villeins, cows, and corn of Beldoyle." This, however, seems to have conveyed but a portion of the district, for, in a century after- wards, Dermot Mac Murrough, on founding the priory of All Saints, near Dublin (on whose site Trinity College now stands,) assigned to Bishop Edan O'Killedy, for its use, the lands of Bel- doyle, with the farmers and serfs living thereon, as also the lands of Balencongalan, Canturk (Clonturk), Duncarnac (Donnycarnev), Rubanagan, Knockclishan, and Kaldronan.* In 1184 King Henry confirmed Dermot's grant to All Saints, and in 1200 King John gave a similar assurance of title to Christ Church of what it possessed under Sitric's endowment. In 1270 Nicholas, the sixth Lord Howth, entered into a con- tract with the prior and convent of All Saints concerning their portion of Beldoyle, and confirmed their part as they held the same " in frankalmoign by gift of the ancient Irish kings." In 1369 a parliament was held here by William de Windsor, then Lord Deputy of Ireland, at which certain exorbitant assess- ments and talliages were laid upon the Pale. These afterwards became the subject of popular remonstrances, and were impugned as passed in a place where it was represented there were no build- ings but a small chapel, and consequently no accommodation for the commons convened thither, who were thus constrained the sooner to grant the subsidies sought. For a notice in 1418, see at " Donnybrook." * Rot. in Tur. Lond. BELDOYLE. 173 In 1537 the Nugent family were seised of certain lands here* see at " Balgriffin." Immediately previous to the dissolution, the Prior of All Saints was seised of twenty gardens, sixty acres of arable land, four of meadow, sixteen of pasture, one of copse, and a warren of an acre here; also of four messuages, five cottages, two hundred acres of arable land, twelve of meadow, twelve of pasture, and four of wood, in the Grange of Beldoyle, while the rectory of Beldoyle was also appropriate to that religious house.* Its possessions were there- upon granted to the corporation of the city of Dublin, on account of their opposing and suffering by the rebellion of Thomas Fitzge- rald, and they are still the proprietors thereof. The annual rental of the estates, which the corporation obtained by right of the reli- gious house of All Hallows alone, amounts to £4,790 per annum. At the time of the regal visitation in 1615, Patrick Behan was the incumbent of Beldoyle, which he held with St. Doulogh's, Balgriffin, and Malahide. In 1697 Charles Smith was returned as parish priest of Howth, Beldoyle, Portmarnock, and Balgriffin, and resident in Beldoyle. In 1793 an attempt was made by the Bev. Walter Blake Kir- wan, then rector of the union of Howth and Beldoyle, to levy tithes from this townland, when it was determined to resist the claim as obsolete and unfounded, the city lands there having been from time immemorial tithe free. In 1829 Michael Keary, before mentioned, bequeathed £500 for educating the poor children here, which sum has been vested in government funds, and its interest duly applied within the union. In 1831 died here the Rev. Michael Bernard Keogh, who was parish priest of this union for thirteen years, and a preacher of such estimable celebrity that it is unnecessary at this recent inter- val to affect to recall his merits. A contemporary periodical thus characterizes the style of his sermons : — " He is not what the world generally deems a finished orator, a measurer of sentences, an elaborate constructer of periods, a struggler after the imaginary * Inquis. 30. Hen. 8. in Ch. Rememb. Offic. 174 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. graces of pronunciation, a sedulous observer of all the school-worn laws of gesticulation. He is not an orator of this class, he appears rather to rely upon the innate dignity of his profession, the sound- ness of the doctrine which he promulgates, and the natural re- sources of his own mind. He seeks not to propitiate you by any borrowed embellishments, he scorns to attract your attention by the specious charlatanism of ordinary rhetoricians, he comes be- fore you in the simple but lofty character of a Christian minister, as one empowered and deputed to address you in the name of heaven ; he teaches you even at the first glance to feel, that it is not his part to flatter your prejudices, to study the peculiarity of your taste, or to accommodate his opinions and expressions to your previously indulged habits ; he wrings from you by his air and manner a tacit acknowledgment of his supremacy, and you stand before him in submissive silence as one bound to listen with un- broken attention to what ever he may choose to utter." He was interred in the vaults of St. Michael's and St. John's Catholic church, and a marble monument in the chapel of this parish records the virtues of its pastor. The botany of Beldoyle presents lycopsis arvensis, bugloss ; viola tricolor, pansy violet ; viola lutea, yel- low pansy ; erythrcea centaur him, common centau- ry; agrostema githago, corn cockle; cerastium ar~ vense, field mouse-ear chickweed ; spergula arven- sis, corn spurrey ; papaver dubium, long smooth - headed poppy ; papaver somniferum, white poppy ; raphanus raphani strum, wild radish ; vicia cracca, tufted vetch ; vicia sativa, common vetch. — In the sandy banks, fields and waste grounds, erodium ci- cutarium, hemlock stork's bill ; geranium molle, soft crane's bill, and a variety thereof with white flowers ; sonchus arvensis, corn sow thistle ; crepis biennis, rough hawk's beard ; euphorbia paralia, sea spurge ; carduus marianus, milk thistle; gnaphalium ger- BELDOYLE. 175 manicum, common cud weed ; senecio viscosus, fetid groundsel ; lychnis flos cuculi, ragged robin ; trifo- lium arvense, hare's foot trefoil. — In the hedges, tri- folium officinale, melilot. — In the meadows, apargia autumnalis, autumnal hawkbit. — In the corn fields, chrysanthemum segetum, corn marigold ; lolium te- midentum, bearded darnel. — In the gravelly heaths, apargia hirta, deficient hawk bit, and in the muddy sea shore, salicornia herbacea, marsh samphire ; ca- rex distans, loose carex. A dreary road issues from this village towards Portmarnock, having at right a great scope of shore, which might be easily, and at a small expense, res- cued from the tide ; at left a tract of salt marsh, and an extensive coney-burrow, while in front the island of Lambay and the heights about Malahide give a feature of the picturesque to the scene. After pass- ing the bridge at Maine, a road turns at left to Balffriflfin, following: the course of the little streamlet that rises near Ballymun, and gliding through Bel- camp, Balgriffin, and Stapolin, passes here into the sea. Continuing hence along the shore to Portmar- nock, the road traverses the salt marsh and coney- burrow before alluded to, partially overgrown with furze, and exhibiting to the more curious botanic in- quirer, the scirpus rufus, brown club rush ; scirpas maritimus, salt marsh club rush ; daucus mariti?nus, wild carrot ; thymus serpyllum, wild thyme ; gna- phaliam uliginosum, marsh cudweed; scirpus glaucus, glaucous club rush ; salicornia herbacea, marsh sam- phire ; char a vulgaris, common chara ; lemna tri- COUNTY OF DUBLIN. sulca, ivy-leaved duck weed ; lycopus JEuroposug, gipsy wort; scabiosa succisa, devil's bit scabious; menyanthes trifoliata, marsh trefoil; chenopodrum maritimum, sea goose foot; sium inundation, least water parsnip ; schamus r iff us, red bog rush ; schw- nus nigricans, black bog rush ; oenanthe peucedani- folia, water dropwort ; oenanthe pimpinelloides, pars- ley water dropwort, flowering in July; linum cathar- ticum, purging flax ; trifolium arvense, hare's foot trefoil; calex distans, loose sedge ; saxifraga granu- lata, white meadow saxifrage, flowering in May — the double white saxifrage of the gardens is a species of this; melilotns officinalis, common yellow melilot, flow- ering in June and July ; statice spathulata, upright spiked sea lavender; statice Union i 'urn, common sea lavender, flowering in July and August. — AVhile on the roadside, in the same direction, are found vialva rotundifolia, dwarf mallow ; and pa-paver hybrid am, round rough-headed poppy. " Sopha'd on silk, amid her charm-built towers, Her meads of asphodel, and amaranth bowers, Where sleep and silence guard the soft abodes, In sullen apathy papaver nods." Presently the tourist reaches the hamlet of PORTMARNOCK, with the venerable mansion-house of the Plunketts peering from its ancient woods, on the brink of a little nameless river that rises above Kinsaly, winds by its old church, and here empties itself into the sea. On its opposite bank is a mill worked by a stream and by PORTMARNOCK. 177 an arm of the sea. It is, however, wholly useless in summer, and even during a great portion of the winter, although a very trifling expenditure would enhance its advantages to the neighbourhood. Near the mansion-house is a moat surrounded with old trees. The ancient church, which was the burial place of the Plunkett family, has long since fallen into decay. The present is a small structure without or- naments or tombs, while the grave-yard exhibits but the solitary one of a Mr. Trumbull. The rectory of Portmarnock is entirely impropriate. The parish, therefore, ranks ecclesiastically as but a curacy, in the deanery of Swords, and in the arch- bishop's gift. It borders on the sea, extends over 2326a. Or. 21 p., has nine acres of glebe, and in the Ca- tholic arrangement is in the union of Howth. The late census of the comparative population states the Catholics here as three hundred and sixty-two, and the Protestants as eighty-three. Mr. Luke Plunkett is a principal proprietor of the fee ; the Grange, how- ever, belongs to Lord Milltown. Arable land here, and in the adjoining townland of Carrickhill, is let for a rent of about £4 per acre, while the sandy skirts produce £2, the labourer's wages being from 7s. to 8s. per week. Henry the Second, whilst in Ireland, granted the lands of Portmarnock to the Abbey of the Blessed Virgin in Dublin, with all rights, &c, as before mentioned at « Ratheny," which grant wa confirmed by the bull of Pope Clement the Third in 1189. A bull, it may be here remarked, is the term given to letters apos- tolic containing the decrees or commandments of the .pope. It acquired this appellation from the bulla ornament attached to it. N 178 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Bulls are always written on parchment, and sealed with lead or green wax, and thereby di:-tinguished from briefs. They are divided into two sorts, the one appertaining to an act of justice, the other to an act of grace. In the former instance the lead attached to the bull is hung by a hempen cord, in the latter by a silken thread. This pendent lead or seal bears the impression on one side of the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other of the name of the pope and the year of his pontificate. Besides the seal or lead, they have usually a cross, with some text of scrip- ture or other religious motto attached to them. On the death of a popehis name is immediately erased from the pontifical seal. v\hieh, being thereupon carefully wrapt up in a linen cloth, is delivered to the chamberlain, under the seal of the vice-chancellor, to be preserved by him until the election of a new pontiff. King John, at the commencement of his reign, confirmed to the religious house of the Blessed Virgin the lands of Portmarnock, Lisban, and Munmackan. with the chapel of Portmarnock and all its appurtenances, to be enjoyed by the grantees, freed from any secular service or exaction whatsoever. It was accordingly a ma- nor or lordship in their hands ; a dispute, however, soon after arose between one Elias Cumin aud the abbot, concerning the lands between Portmarnock, the Grange, and the town of Kin- saly, which was compromised by that portion being equally di- vided between them, the part contiguous to the Grange being assigned to the monks, while the other portion near Kinsaly was to be enjoyed by Elias.* For a notice of Portmarnock in 1540, see at - ; Ballybog- 1101." On the dissolution, the aforesaid abbey was found to have been seised of three messuages, 240a. arable, 10a. meadow, and 12a. pasture, in the Grange of Portmarnock, annual value £12; also, of nine messuages and ten cottages, 220a. arable. 5a. meadow, and a stang of pasture in Portmarnock, annual value £11 17s. Od. ; two tide-mills, a water-course, and a rabbit- burrow, annual value £4 : also of the rectory of Portmarnock, Archdall, Men. Hib. p. 154. PORTMARXOCK. extending over the townlands of Portmarnock, the Grange of Portmarnock, and Robs-wall, annual value, £10 5s. Of/.* The Grange and warren were thereupon, together with the mills, (pro- perly called tidemills, being supplied with water from the sea.) demised to the Earl of Ormond, and the reversion subsequently granted to Sir Patrick Barnewall. In 1603, however, Sir George Carew, knight, passed patent for the Grange of Portmarnock, 261 acres, with all the tithes and customs thereof, stated as having been theretofore demised to the Earl of Ormond in 1575; while in the following year the Earl of Thomond had a grant of the tithes of the town and lands of Portmarnock, as demised in 1578 to Thomas Earl of Ormond. The Earl of Thomond had a fur- ther grantin 1609of the Grange of Portmarnock, 261 acres, with all and singular royal fisheries and fishings adjoining to said premises. In consequence of these and other subsequent grants, a very heavy litigation ensued in the eighteenth century between Nicholas Lord Kingsland and the Kingston family. For a notice in 1602, see at <; Dalkey about which time an inquisition was taken relative to the tithes of Portmarnock, which defines the rights therein as they then existed. In 1615 the commissioners on royal visitation reported this place to be without a clergyman, and the great tithes and altarages granted away. They accordingly assigned John Etheridge for the cure. For a notice in the same year, see at White- Church." In 1663 Walter Plunkett was found seised of the town and lands of the Grange Portmarnock, 383 acres plantation measure ; yet in a few years afterwards, the same were, with the mill, on inqui- sition, alleged to be the property of Lord Kingsland, who actually passed patent for them, with other extensive tracts, in 1660 and 1685, while Luke Plunkett was, on the latter occasion, found seised of 211 acres in the townland of Portmarnock, and of 135 acres in Carrickhill.+ In 1700 Thomas Plunkett and Catherine his wife claimed an estate for life, and a jointure for said Catherine, in Portmarnock and Carrickhill, William Plunkett, the heir of the before men- tioned Luke, having forfeited his interest therein in the civil war * Inquis in Ch. Remb. Office. Inqnis. in Cane. Hib. x 2 180 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. of 1689. Their claim was, however, postponed, they being pe- titioners before the commons, while George Plunkett and Jo- hanna his wife, who had been the widow of said Luke Plunkett, claimed the benefit of her jointure otF the lands, which was allowed. About Portmarnock the botanist will find viola tricolor, pansy violet ; viola lutea, yellow pansy ; chlora perfoliata, perfoliate yellow wort; cerastium arvense, field mouse-ear chick weed ; spergula ar- vensis, corn spurrey; rosa spinosissima, burnet rose; papaver somniferum, white poppy ; sisymbrium so- phia, fine-leaved hedge mustard ; geranium Pyre- naicum, mountain crane's bill ; poly gala vulgaris, milkwort; anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch; lis- ter a ovata, common tway blade ; agros tenia githago, corn cockle ; sinapis alba, white mustard, eaten as an ingredient in salads ; cenardlie pimpAnelloides, parsley water drop wort. On the sandy banks, fields, and shores, pi ileum arenarium, sea cat's tail grass ; festuca uniglumis, single husked fescue grass ; arundo arenaria, sea reed; triticum junceum, rushy wheat grass; convol- vulus soldanella, sea bindweed; camjjanula rotun- drfolia, round-leaved bell flower ; erythrosa littoralis, dwarf tufted centaury; eryngium maritimum, sea holly ; amni majus, common bishop's weed ; Parnas- sia palustris, grass of Parnassus, with its beautiful yel- low-streaked flowers ; allium armarium, sand garlic ; spergula nodosa, knotted spurrey ; a variety of the thymus serpjyllum, wild thyme, with woolly heads ; eu- plirasia officinalis, eyebright, enlivening the autumnal scene with its brilliant little blossoms \ cakile mariti- PORTMARNOCK. 181 ma, sea rocket ; picris hieracyoides, hawk weed ox tongue, peculiar to these sands ; erodium cicutarium, hemlock stork's bill ; euphorbia paralia, sea spurge ; carex arenaria, sea sedge ; equisetum variegatum, va- riegated horse-tail, a very rare plant ; carex extensa, long bracteated sedge ; salix argentea, silky sand wil- low, whose leaves are so conspicuous for the silver bril- liancy of their under surface, as to rival some of the most beautiful Cape shrubs in that particular ; apargia az*fa?H wafts, autumnal hawkbit; carlina vulgaris, com- mon carline thistle ; gramen sparteum spicatum, sea mat weed, or marram, used for matting; reseda luteola, wild woad, highly prized by the ancient Irish for the yellow dye it afforded ; this at Portmarnock has been cultivated for the purpose, and grew to the height of three feet and a half, staining as deep a yellow as that raised at Rouen, which was imported sometimes at £200 per cwt. ; scltcenus nigricans, black bog- rush ; reseda alba, wild mignionette ; thalictrum minus, lesser meadow rue; Mr. Mackay has also discovered here the clypeola jonthlaspi, a curious little plant, a native of the Mediterranean shore ; sinapis nigra, common mustard ; trifolium arvense, hare's foot trefoil ; gnaphalium dioicum, mountain cudweed; epipactis latifolia, broad-leaved helleborine ; crambe maritima, sea kale ; viola hirta, hairy violet, flowering in April and May ; viola Curtisii, yellow sea pansy, flowering from May to September ; sta- tute spathulata, upright spiked sea lavender ; erythrcea latifolia, broad-leaved tufted centaury ; erythra?a ce?i~ taurium, common centaury, both flowering in July; 182 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Ij/copodium salaginoides, lesser Alpine club moss ; liypnum albicans, hypnum abietimum, hypnum ru~ tabulum. — In the dry pastures aira cristate, crested hair grass ; apargia hispida, rough hawkbit ; crepis biennis, rough hawk's beard ; ophrys apifera, bee orehis; apargia hirt a, deficient hawkbit ; Unum ca- tliGrtkum, purging flax. In the muddy sea shore, salicornea herbacea, marsh samphire. — In the hedges, fields, and ditches, medicago sat'wa, lucerne; orchis pyramidalis, pyra- midal orchis; fedia alitor ia, lamb's lettuce. — In the marshy places, orchis lalifolia, marsh palmate orchis ; rot bollia incurvata, sea hard grass; chenopodium maritimum, sea goose foot; cenanthe peucedani- folia, water drop wort ; car ex distans, loose carex ; anagallis tenella, bog pimpernel, flowering in July and August; epipactis palustris, marsh helleborine, flowering in July. — At the bridge, cochlearia offi- cinalis, common scurvy grass. — On limestone, le- cidea speira, nrceolaria contorta. — On tiles, leca- nora exigua. — Near the old church, rosa dume- torum, thicket rose ; rosa arvensis, white trailing dog rose ; rosa inodora, slightly scented briar, flowering in June and July. While the anagallis tenella, bog pimpernel, with its purple flowers, " Marshals me the way that I was going." A dreary way it would have been, had its direct course been followed into Malahide ; the route, how- ever, is made far more interesting by turning off at right to Portmarnock strand by CARRICKH1LL. 183 CARRICKHILL, i. e. the hill of rocks, a denomination also the ancient inheritance of the Plunkett family. Traversed as this locality was, on a lovely day in March, the sparrows, the boldest and most mischievous of feathered visitants, were chirping and plundering* around, the swallows wantoned in the mid region of the air, and the larks, perhaps the only birds of this country that sing as they soar, were springing into the clear blue sky, or wafted in music on the passing breeze. A narrow, melancholy lane, hedged with elder, conducted to the not uninteresting ruins of the old church ; the gables and side walls are almost per- fect, as is the triply perforated belfry. The grave- yard boasts of no aristocratic dust, but, within the shell of the chapel, under the boughs of the elders that entwine over them, are two monuments, one to The- resa Plunkett, who died in 1672, another stated to have been "erected" (but now "fallen from its high es- tate") by Mr. Oliver Barnewall of Dublin, " mar- chant," for himself and his wife Catherine, while at its foot is noted the death of the commemorator of the dead, said Oliver himself, in 1690. This chapel is about twenty yards in length by only four and an half in breadth. Thence the pedestrian can proceed over a warren, where numerous daisies were at this time struggling * A French writer on rural economy has calculated, that the grain consumed by sparrows in France, annually, is worth ten millions of francs. 184 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. through the sands. As an old poet quaintly writes — " Of all the flowers that grow in the mead, I love the best that flowret white and red, Which maidens call daisie, that adorn, Like eyes of day, the green, smooth, summer lawn ; Emblem of childish innocence, I see Again my youth and playmates all in thee, As merry lasses, dancing on the green, Tread down thy flower which erst shall not be seen, But trampled wither to the autumn's sun, And wane away when their short race is run ; So my young life, by fleeting hours oppressed, And worn by those that it hath most caressed, Will close anon, when I no more shall be Noticed or thought upon, sweet flower, than thee." Presently valleys of dazzling sands appeared open, ing to the sea, and in some places exhibiting a scanty vegetation, but more usually the bare tracks of rab- bits. Then such a lovely strand, so white, so firm, so curiously inlaid with every specimen of shells ; the silent, sunny, sandy cliffs at left ; the blue sea at right, foaming its white wreaths over the whole shore, and in the distance Howth, apparently insulated, and Ireland's Eye, and further yet Lambay, enveloped in vapour. The black, rocky shore of Tobbermackeany succeeded, its dangerous aspect being fatally illus- trated by the masts of a sunken vessel, that pointed above the full tide at a short distance from its ledge, and over which the gulls were wildly screaming. At the head of these rocks appear the butments of a quay that once projected from this shore ; over it now stands another of the martcllo chimeras, from which a narrow terrace road leads to ROBERTS WALL CASTLE. 185 ROBERTSWALL CASTLE, a square edifice erected on a rock that overhangs the sea, and having a farm-house attached to it. According to tradition this castle was founded in the fifteenth century by one of the sept of de Bermingham. By inquisition taken in the time of Henry the Eighth, the reli- gious house of the Virgin Mary was found seised of ninety-three acres in " Roebuck's-wall, as also of a castle and six messuages there, annual value £3 135.4c?.* In lieu of which, on the sur- render of that house, William Cottrell, " parson of the convent," had a pension of £3 6s. 8d. granted to him, chargeable on the tithes of " Roebuck's walls." Soon after the dissolution the castle was granted, with its ap- purtenances, to Sir Patrick Barnewall in fee, which patent was subsequently confirmed by King Edward the Sixth, the premises being charged, as were the manors and lordships of Ballyboghill, Portmarnock, and the other possessions of Mary's Abbey, with a pension for the last abbot and his brethren. The tithes of Ro- bert's-wall were granted to the same patentee, subject to a yearly rent of £1 10s. Irish, lately purchased by Mr. Christopher Mac Donnell, who has also acquired the fee of the soil. For a notice in 1G02, see " Dalkey." In 1685, Lord Kingsland passed patent for (inter alia) Robs- wall, one hundred and fifteen acres, with the tithes thereof. Lead ore has been found in the rocks here, dis- posed in ramifications, and crystals resembling Kerry- stones have likewise been collected here. It has also a large vein of black and some white marble, with representations of white shells mixed through it, after the manner of the Kilkenny marble. With the wreck still in view, the fearful thought suggested itself, what a scene would this be in a night * Inquis. in Ch. Rememb. Office. 186 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". of storms, the roaring, foamy tide of sea dashing against the rocky basement of the castle ; the rain pouring a deluge over the cliffs, " Giving its sura of more To that which had too much ;" the agitated moonbeams tossed on the heaving waters ; the lightning bursting through the opening sky ; and above all, the deep, dead tones of signals of distress. The gloomy magnificence of the speculation was relieved by the presence of a more peaceful and re- freshing object, a remarkable, bubbling, fresh spring of delicious water, within the immediate proximity of the sea; at a few paces beyond which is MALAHIDE, a well-built and pleasantly situated village on the brow of the sea, as its name implies, but, being without shelter and in an open country, it is much exposed to the influence of the winds. The air, however, is very pure. In the middle of the town is a well of clear and wholesome water, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and covered with an arched enclo- sure, within which her statue was formerly set. The chapel is very old and inadequate for its congregation. Two national schools have been established here, one for boys, the other for girls, which receive re- spectively £1*2 and £20 annually from the Board. The new church is a neat, small edifice, on a com- manding height, without any mural slabs, nor has the grave-yard as yet received any distinguished occu- pants. Opposite the church is a Protestant school established in 1821. MALAHIDE. 187 Malahide has been a lordship or manor in the Talbot family for centuries, having courts leet or baron, and comprising the towns and lands of Feltrim, Hamonstown, Balvenstovvn, &c. The royalties ex- tend a considerable distance along the sea-shore. The lords of the manor have also enjoyed the privilege of importing coals and other merchandize into its little harbour, duty free. Near the town is the castle, or, as it is usually termed, the court, the residence of the noble inheritor, Lord Talbot de Malahide. This building is large, irregular, and unequal in its height, nearly square in its outer form, and richly invested with ivy, erected in an elevated situation on a limestone rock : it com- mands a fine view of the town and bay of Malahide. The hall is spacious, and presents all the features of antiquity. Indeed, the foundation of this structure is commonly referred to the reign of Henry the Se- cond, but it received considerable repairs and addi- tions in that of Edward the Fourth. A fine porch has been constructed to the principal entrance, under the direction of the present proprietor, and the build- ing considerably improved thereby, in regard both to external ornament and internal convenience. There are ten rooms on a floor. The lower story, consist- ing of servants' offices, kc. is vaulted, and entered by a gothic doorway, while the rooms above are ap- proached by spiral stone stairs, leading into a striking antique apartment, lighted by a pointed window of stained glass. The wainscoting of this room is of Irish oak, that has now acquired the sombre tint of ebony, and is divided into compartments, ornamented 18S COUNTY OF DUBLIN. with sculpture from Scriptural history. Adjoining this room is the saloon, a spacious, handsome apart- ment, containing some good paintings, particularly a valuable little picture, once an altar piece, belonging to Mary Queen of Scots, which represents the nati- vity, adoration, and circumcision, and was painted by Albert Durer ; a portrait of the Dutchess of Ports- mouth, mistress of Charles II., fondling a contented dove ; another of her son, the first Duke of Rich- mond ; (these two latter pictures were presents from the Dutchess to Mrs. Wogan of Rathcoffy, from whom they were inherited by Colonel Talbot;) one of King Charles I. dancing with the Infanta of Spain at the Escurial, &c. The original moat of the castle has been softened off into an ornamental slope, planted with Italian cypresses and other evergreens, but the battlements still remain terminated at the angles by circular towers, and present an imposing front. The demesne and gardens are disposed with much correct- ness of taste, and the former is beautified with groups of plantations, amongst which are some splendid old oaks, elms, ashes, horse-chesnuts, and sycamores, that seem the representatives of a forest nobility, almost as ancient as that of the family by whom they were planted. Beside the castle, are the venerable remains of its ancient chapel, the entrance to which is guarded by two magnificent sycamores. The form which this edifice presents, is that of a nave and chancel or choir, divided from each other by a spacious gothic arch, about the centre of the building ; the aisle is sixteen yards by seven, the chancel eleven by six yards and a half ; what remains of the east window is M A L AH IDE. 189 composed of mullions and other divisions of tracery of the perpendicular style in architecture, finely inter- wreathed with ivy. Adjoining the chancel is a pointed arch door, leading to some apartments which were either occupied as a vestry, or for the residence of the monks of the abbey. The western end supports the belfry, and is thickly covered over with ivy. The ex- ternal parts of the building are not altogether without ornament. The canopies or drip-stones of the arches are well cut, and, in consequence of the hardness of the black stone or calp with which this church was con- structed, they preserve to the present day an uncom- mon sharpness in the mouldings. Beneath the belfry there is another handsome gothic window, divided into two lights, with crocketted ogee canopies, though greatly mutilated. The walls had originally embattled parapets. The interior is strikingly shaded with vene- rable chesnut trees, that in their season of foliage cast a still more sombre interest over the monuments they shadow. Of the latter, the most worthy of notice is an altar-tomb surmounted with the effigy, in bold relief, of a female habited in the costume of the fifteenth century, and representing the Honourable Maud Plunkett, wife of Sir Richard Talbot. She had been previously married to Mr. Hussey, son to the Baron of Galtrim, who was slain on the day of her nuptials, leaving her the singular celebrity of having been a " maid, wife, and widow on the same day." There are other monuments of the Talbot family, and some more modern of the Henleys and Stapletons, scattered through the enclosure. — Near 190 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. this, in a garden, is a square tower of the ancient out- works of the castle. The parish bears the name of the village. It was formerly a chapelry dependant on the church of Swords, but now ranks as a curacy in its deanery. From a very remote period it was held with those of Killeigh and Killossory, and the vicarage of Swords, and so episcopally united in 1810. That union has, however, been since dissolved, and this parish (the rectory being impropriate in the economy of St. Pa- trick's) is now conferred as a curacy separately, the patronage being in the dean and chapter of St. Pa- trick's. The tithes have been compounded for at £l 10 per annum. In the Catholic dispensation it continues to be in the union of Swords. According to the census of 1831, it contains 217 inhabited houses, 237 families, and a total population of 1255 souls, in which estimate the Catholics bear a propor- tion of four to one. It comprises 1533a. Or. 3p., principally laid out in tillage. The soil rests upon mountain limestone, and the quarries, which are of black, grey, and yellow hues, afford numerous organic remains. On the south side of the high lands, conti- guous to the sea, lead ore has been discovered. Lord Talbot de Malahide is the resident proprietor of the fee ; the rent of land varies from £5 to £6 per acre, and a cabin without land lets for £2 10s. per annum. The number of labourers in the parish is supposed to be about ninety, of whom some have constant em- ployment, and the rest occasional. The former class receive about I5d. per day, wages. MALAH1DE. 191 The cotton manufactory, hereafter alluded to, as having been established in the town, is metamor- phosed into one for silk, which gives daily employ- ment to but eight individuals. The fishery has also so much declined, that there are but three wherries here now fit to put to sea. The depth of water in the harbour varies from four and a half to five fa- thoms at high water, but it has neither pier nor quay, nor indeed do they appear much wanted, as the ves- sels beach easily on the sandy shore, and may ride afloat in the channel in perfect safety, if their draught does not exceed ten feet. The oyster bed, however, maintains its ancient celebrity. It is of about two acres extent, but requires to be renewed. The oys- ters are green finned. Malahide likewise affords excel- lent cockles, and the strand (a large tract of which could be easily recovered from the sea) is covered with an abundance of curious shells. There is also a considerable salt- work here. In 1174 Richard de Talbot, having accompanied Henry the Second to Ireland, obtained a grant of Malahide. part of which, Malahide beg, he soon afterwards leased to the monks of Mary's Abbey, and his son Reginald confirmed the demise. In 1190 Malahide is mentioned as a cbapelry dependant ou Swords. See 11 Coolock." In 12S6 Richard de Talbot, grandson of the aforesaid Richard, having succeeded to this manor on the death of his father Adam, granted to King Edward all lordships, escheats, reliefs, marriages, &c. happening therein, and settled the said manor thereby on his son Milo de Talbot. In 1300 the said Richard contributed twenty shillings as his subsidy for Malahide towards the expenses of the Scottish war. Soon after which occur records of stubborn law- suits between his grandson and another Richard Talbot, of Fel- trim and Castletown-Dalkey. for the manor of Malahide. in which 192 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the former was, after a due course of litigation, ruinously success- ful. This Richard of Malahide was, in 1315, Sheriff of Dublin, he subsequently signalized himself in the wars against Edward Bruce, but was, with other noblemen and gentlemen, treacherously murdered at Ballybragan, in the County of Louth, in 1329. At the time of this event, Thomas, the son and heir of said Richard, was a minor, and accordingly the king in that year made a grant of the wardship of his estates during the minority, at a certain nominal rent to one of the minions of the day.* In 1373 Thomas Talbot of Malahide was summoned to at- tend a great council held in Dublin, as also to a parliament in the same year ; and in two years afterwards, the surveyors of the harbour of Malahide were instructed to oppose the unlicensed ex- portation of corn thence, and also to prevent any of the retinue of the chief governor, William de Windsor, from absenting them- selves from Ireland in that direction, under the penalty of forfeit- ing their horses, arms, and baggage, and proclamation to that effect was directed to be made within this lordship. In 1408, the king, being seised as before in right of a minority, granted two-thirds of the manor of Malahide to Sir Thomas Fle- ming, the other third being in the hands of the doweress ;f and in 1433 a grant of the same nature was made under similar circum- stances. — Such was the political injustice, by which, in those days, the royal exchequer was fed by the spoliation of the orphan and the ward ! In 1475 the editor of Camden will have it that Malahide was erected into a manor and free warren, and that, therefore, the bust of Edward IV. was reverentially placed over the castle gate. The manor was, however, of far higher antiquity ; but there was a grant, in this year, by that monarch to Thomas Talbot, by which, in addition to his former privileges of receiving customs, holding courts leet and baron, &c, said Thomas was appointed high admiral of the seas, with full power and authority to hear and determine, in a court of admiralty, all trespasses, kc, by the tenants or vassals, or other residents, within the town of Malahide. In 1488 Sir Richard Edgecombe, when he came to take oaths of allegiance from those who had espoused the cause of Simnel in * Rot. in Cane. Hib. t lb. MALAHIDE. 193 Ireland, landed at Malahide, " and there a gentlewoman called Talbot received him and made him right good cheer ; and the same day, at afternoon, the Bishop of Meath and others came to Malahide aforesaid, well accompanied, and fetched the said Sir Richard to Dublin, and, at his coming thither, the mayor and sub- stance of the city received him at the Black Friars' Gate, at which Black Friars (the site of the present Four Courts) the said Sir Richard was lodged."* In a few clays afterwards, Sir Peter Talbot, Lord of Malahide, made both his homage and fealty to him at St. Mary's Abbey. For a notice of the rights of the vicar of Swords in Malahide, see " Swords" at the year 1489. In 1524 Sir Peter Talbot was fined for suffering merchant vessels to break bulk at Malahide, contrary to the king's privileges granted to the city of Dublin. By his will of the year 1529, he directed that he should be buried in the church of Malahide, beside Dame Janet Eustace, and left considerable bequests for the repair and maintenance of its chancel. In 1530 Malahide is enumerated in the Repertorium Viride of the unfortunate Allen, Archbishop of Dublin, as still one of the exterior chapels dependant on Swords. At the hosting of 1532, Thomas Talbot was summoned to render scutage and do military service for the manors of Malahide and Garristown. An inquisition was taken in 1547 concerning the tithes of Malahide ; which finds that they issue from the lands called " the Courte de Malahyd" and Balregan, and are worth, together with the tithe of fish and altarages, £11 6s. 8d. per annum, besides half the oblations at funerals which belong to the Vicar of Swords ; the stipend of the curate and repairing of the chancel being de- frayed by the farmer of the tithes. In 1559 the tithes of Mala- hide, " as well predial as all personal offerings," were demised to William Talbot of Malahide for fifty-nine years. This locality is subsequently classed by Holinshed amongst the chief haven-towns of Ireland. In 1639, Lord Strafford sought to wrest from Richard Talbot, the then inheritor of Malahide, the * Harris's Hibernica, part 1, p. 31. O 194 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. admiralty of its port and other his valuable franchises, but, on his pleading the ancient charters under which his famih had so long inherited, the court gave judgment against the crown, and Straf- ford's designs were on this occasion defeated. In 1649, John Talbot, the son and heir of said Richard, having, in the wars of 1641, embraced that side, to which mis- guided loyalty and ill-requited enthusiasm had hurried the gallant and respectable gentry of Ireland, shared with them the ruinous consequences of one national attainder. He was outlawed, and his castle of Malahide, with five hundred acres of land, was, about this year, granted to Miles Corbet, the regicide, soon after which, it is believed that Oliver Cromwell took up his abode for a short time here. Corbet held it for about seven years, and, according to tradition, it was during his occupation that the chapel was un- roofed, for the profane purpose of covering a barn with the mate- rials. " From this port, Corbet, when outlawed at the period of the Restoration, took shipping for the Continent, and subsequently expiated his 1 errors,' as Mr. Brewer mildly terms them, by a de- grading death. Shortly after his flight from Malahide the Talbot family regained possession of the estate." — Corbet, it may be re- marked, was a gentleman of an ancient family in the county of Norfolk. He had studied the law at Lincoln's Inn, and for the space of thirty-seven years had been chosen a member of the successive parliaments. Being appointed one of the High Court of Justice for King Charles's trial, he appeared not among the judges until the day that sentence was pronounced, when he came early in the morning and signed the warrant for his death, his signature beinor the last on the roll. He was afterwards Lord Chief Baron in Ireland, and is characterized as in other respects " a man of a very tender conscience, and of an holy life and conversa- tion, and that as well in his greatest prosperity as in his adversity." In 1653, and again in 1659, Corbet was one of the five commis- sioners appointed for the government of Ireland, he being particu- larly directed on the latter occasion, after three months, to come into England to give the parliament an account of the affairs of that country. In this office he manifested such integrity towards his employers, that in the anxiety to husband the treasure of the Commonwealth, he impaired his own estate. On the abdication MALAHIDE. 195 of Richard Cromwell, when Lord Montgomery and his royalist associates possessed themselves of the Castle of Dublin, and made Colonel Jones their prisoner, their next measure was to seize Corbet as he was returning from a conventicle, and to declare for a free parliament. About the year 1661 he was executed as a regicide at Tyburn, being drawn thither on a sledge from the Tower ; his quarters w r ere placed over the city gates, and his head upon London bridge. He has been described as then an aged, black, swarthy, melancholy-looking man. In 1660, " the lands of Malahide being for the most part waste and yielding no profit," its tithes, which were from a very early period appropriated to the economy of St. Patrick's cathe- dral, were demised to Ralph Wallis, Esq., for twenty-one years at the yearly rent of £12. In 1665, by the Act of Explanation, John Talbot of Malahide was restored to all his lands and estates in this county, as he had held the same in 1641, but subject to quit rents. In 1681, the Archbishop of Dublin having nominated a com- mission of inquiry to determine the real value of the tithes of Malahide, Killossery, and Killeigh, which reported them worth £135, assigned one-third (£45) to the curate of Swords, tanquam solarium secundum jura et statuta hujus regni Hihernice pro fungendo isto officio curati, and the remaining two-thirds he ap- pointed should be payable to the Economy of St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 1697, Mr. Thomas Smyth was returned as Parish Priest of Malahide, and resident at Mr. Talbot's. In 1782, Richard Talbot, of Malahide, was one of the gentle- men who undertook to raise a regiment of fencibles for the defence of his country. Each regiment on this occasion was to consist of eight companies, to be raised by the officers in numbers, according to their rank, without levy money, while government was to pro- vide accoutrements, arms, and pay. In 1783, a cotton manufacture having been established here by the same spirited individual, and a large mill erected where cotton was spun by the action of water, the Irish Parliament voted £2000 towards completing its machinery. In 1788, by a statute, reciting that the country adjacent to the town of Malahide, and also a considerable part of the county of o 2 196 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Meath, was supplied with coals, culm, slates, timber, and various other things, from the harbour of the said town of Malahide, which were conveyed thence by land carriage, at a very considerable ex- pense, to the great discouragement of persons concerned in manu- factures, and that Richard Talbot of Malahide proposed to make a navigable canal from Malahide through Swords, to the river of Fieldstown, at his own proper charges, said Richard was empow- ered to purchase the land in the line of said canal, to open rivers, make weirs, &c. as the company of the Grand Canal had been previously enabled to do, and with the right of similar duties and tolls. In this last year, however, Malahide sustained a deep loss in the death of this its proprietor, of whom it is but justice to re- mark, in strict reference to the locality, that, when he succeeded to the estate of his uncle there, he found it covered by a number of idle and disorderly peasants and fishermen, without employment for themselves or their destitute families ; upon which he imme- diately applied himself to incite their industry, usefully directed its objects, and expended a large sum of his own money in building and furnishing the cotton works, and especially in the construc- tion of a very ingenious water-mill. The auspicious expectations, which those projects induced, were, however, too soon disappoint- ed, and the consequent failure of the cotton trade here, as also at Balbriggan and Prosperous, led to the most deplorable conse- quences. Parliament had liberally contributed to the expenses of the projectors and proprietors of those works at their outset, but refusing a second grant, these persons became insolvent, and crowds of artisans being suddenly dismissed from their employ- ment, the various families, who, " a little month" previously, had exhibited a picture of regular and thriving, industry, were devoted to penury and idleness. In 1814, the Board of First Fruits granted £800 in aid of building the church here. On the borders of the village is Seaparif Court, finely situated, with a sloping and ornamental lawn in front. It is a square building, of ample proportions, having a flat roof concealed by a parapet that sur- MALAHIDE. 197 rounds the whole structure, and was erected by Nicho- las Morres, Esq. second son of Sir John Morres, of Knockagh Castle, in the county Tipperary, who ob- tained this portion of the manor on his marriage with Susanna, eldest daughter of Richard Talbot of Mala- hide Castle. It has, however, much declined from its former appearance and the descriptions of more en- thusiastic tourists. It may be mentioned, that the above Nicholas was buried in the church of Malahide, that one of his sons, Nicholas Morres, entered into the service of France in Bulkeley's regiment, in 1733, of which he became Lieutenant Colonel in 1756, and died in 1790 at the Chateau d'Amboise, without issue. When the tourist has concluded his observation of this interesting locality, let him return to the vene- rable remains of its chapel. His eye will repose with reverence on the ivy tendrils that flower over its walls ; he will admire the singular complication of their branches, the vivid hue of their leaves, the varying sunshine scattered over them ; and, above all, the un- worldly tenacity with which they cling to ruin ; and, haply while he sits upon a monument, and not a sound disturbs the solemn gloom, except when some scared bird flits from the matted ivy, or a breeze murmurs drowsily over the floor, and shakes the withered leaves upon its surface, he too will recal the proud deeds of those, with whom this locality has been from time immemorial identified. 193 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The Family of Talbot. The illustrious achievements of this family are traced in the history of every civilized nation, and every where attach to them the reverence justly conceded to a long line of ancestry, unsullied by the crimes that too frequently stain the annals of contempora- neous houses. Even in the political vicissitudes of these countries the Talbots have survived, both in England and Ireland, in baro- nial rank, for upwards of seven centuries, and neither treasons nor attainders have ever clouded their splendour. Like most of the nobility of the British empire, they look to Normandy for their origin, and claim, as their remote ancestors, the Talbots, Barons of Cleuville, in the country of Caux. In 1066, Hugh and Richard " Talebot" are enumerated amongst the Norman knights attached to William the Conqueror, and so espe- cially noticed both in Bromton's list and in the ancient Chronicle of Normandy. The former appears to be the Ivo Tailbois, whom the Conqueror enriched with the estate of Spalding and the ad- joining country, while about the year 1070 Richard Talbot is mentioned in Domesday Book as holding nine hides of land of Earl Walter GifFord, and Hereford Castle and other possessions in Herefordshire, in capite, of the Conqueror. He had tw o sons, Geoffrey and Hugh ; the former held twenty knights' fees in Herefordshire in the time of Henry the First, and was a steady supporter of the pretensions of the Empress Maud ; and from his son William, who held Hereford Castle in the time of King Ste- phen, descended the Talbots of Bashall and Thornhill, in York- shire. Hugh, the second son of Richard, w as Governor of the Castle of Plessy, in Normandy, in 1118, and married the daughter of William de Mandeville, on whose decease he became a monk in the celebrated monastery of Beaubec, in Normandy. He also left a soli Richard and other issue. In the year 1165, Richard, the son of the before-mentioned Hugh, had a grant of the Lordship of Eccleswell and Linton, in Herefordshire ; and, having long previously married the daughter of William de Montgomery, had issue by her, three sons; Gil- bert, his heir, Lord of Eccleswell, and ancestor to the Earls of THE FAMILY OF TALBOT. 199 Shrewsbury, and Richard and Robert Talbot, who, according to Sir William Betham's pedigree of the family, accompanied King Henry into Ireland, where Richard obtained the Lordship of Ma- lahide as a fief of the crown as above mentioned, and in connexion with which his descendants are traced in the foregoing pages. About the year 1240, Gilbert Talbot, the descendant of Ri- chard mentioned at 1165, having married Gundeline, daughter of Rhys ap Griffith, Prince of Wales, changed his ancient armorials for those of that prince. In 1259, the noble monastery of the Holy Trinity was founded for monks of the order of Eremites of St. Augustine, on the south side of the Liffey, (where within this century stood the theatre in Crow-street,) by the Talbots of Templeogue ; and in 1262, Ri- chard Talbot was Archbishop of Dublin. See the u Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1300, Richard Talbot, the son of Gilbert, mentioned at 1240, and Lord of Eccleswell, joined in the celebrated letter ad- dressed to the Pope from Lincoln, on behalf of the Commons of England, and in assertion of the King's right to the supreme do- minion of the realm of Scotland. In 1311, John Talbot was summoned to attend the parliament of Kilkenny ; and in 1315, Richard Talbot, the lineal descendant in the fourth degree of the before-mentioned Richard of Malahide, distinguished himself under the celebrated Lord John de Berming- ham, afterwards Earl of Louth, in the service against Edward Bruce, brother of Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, who had in- vaded Ireland, and overran and devastated the whole country, until he was eventually slain, and his head sent to King Edward the Second, in 1318. This Richard was afterwards, in 1329, treacherously slain, with 200 noblemen and gentlemen, by the gentry of the county Louth. In 1322, Sir Gilbert Talbot, Banneret, of the county of Hert- ford, and Sir Richard Talbot, junior, having adhered to the Earl of Lancaster and the barons, attacked and burned the town of Bridgenorth, whereupon the sheriffs throughoutEngland were com- manded to raise the posse eomitatus to take them. They were, however, more gloriously captured in arms at the battle of Bo- roughbridge ; but Gilbert was released on payment of the enor- 200 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. inous fine of £2000, and an engagement to deliver annually to the king one ton of wine, price forty shillings. In the same year ano- ther Sir Richard Talbot was summoned from Worcestershire to do service against the Scots ; and soon afterwards another Sir Gilbert was constituted Justice of South Wales, with a grant of lands in that district. In 1326, Richard Talbot was intrusted with the defence and custody of Newcastle Mac Kinnegan, with a salary of £20 per annum. In 1334, Richard Talbot, ancestor of Lord Furnival, was one of the English lords who joined Baliol, invaded Scotland by sea, and routed the Scottish army at Gleddesmore. On Baliol's esta- blishment, he was restored to lands in Scotland, which he claimed in right of his wife, the heiress of John Comin, Lord of Bade- noch ; while, by Edward the Third, he was, in 1338, made Go- vernor of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and Justice there as well as within all the king's lands in Scotland. In 1347 he was with Edward the Third at the siege of Calais, where he had under his command one baronet, fourteen knights, ninety-two esquires, and eighty-two archers. In 1352, Sir Thomas Talbot, of Malahide, had a grant from the crown of exemption from serving on juries, or at assizes, or executing the offices of sheriff, escheator, or other minister against his will ; and was one of the knights summoned to the Irish parlia- ments of 1373 and 1375 ; about which latter time Thomas Talbot was Constable of the Castle of Arklow, in the heart of " the Irish enemy ;" and in 1377 Reginald was ordered to aid in defending the marches of the Pale in Ireland, with his available men at arms. He was afterwards Sheriff of the county Dublin. Branches of the family were at the same time established in the counties of Carlow, Kilkenny, Louth, Wexford, and at Moyrath, in the county Meath. In 1373, Thomas Talbot, of the Bashall line, commanded the castle and town of Berwick ; in 1389 was Constable of the Castle of Guisnes, in Picardy ; and in 1406 was sent on service into Ire- land. In 1379, Richard Talbot of Malahide was at the parlia- ment, or rather council, convened to Baltinglas, for the purpose of treating on terms of peace with the O'Byrnes, OTooles, O'No- THE FAMILY OF TALBOT. 201 lans, and Mac Morroughs. He was afterwards sheriff of the county Dublin. In 1395, Richard, the son of Gilbert Talbot, by Petronilla, the sister of the Earl of Ormond. acquired the Lordship of Wex- ford, with various liberties thereunto annexed. It was he who, seeing how open and defenceless Kilkenny was on every side, and willing to testify his respect for his uncle, who had then recently become its proprietor, as well as to attach the townsmen to the family, surrounded that city with a strong wall. He had after- wards a grant from the crown of the temporalities of the see of Ferns, during its vacancy, rent free. In 1414, when the realm seemed to sink under the compli- cated oppression of war and faction, Sir John Talbot, Lord Fur- nival, a man distinguished by military abilities, was appointed to the government of Ireland for the term of six years, with the ex- traordinary power of appointing his own deputy when and as often as he pleased. The most intrepid of the enemies of English go- vernment yielded to the influence of a character, which subsequent events so strongly developed, and various indentures between him and the Irish leaders, ? Conor, O'Brien, kc, yet extant in the rolls of chancery, so strongly testify the fears which his presence had then excited, as might almost justify the application of that sentiment in this country, which Shakspeare attributes to the sor- rowing mothers of France. Unattended, however, as he was by any army, and obliged to rely upon the forces and supplies raised in Ireland, he pleaded necessity for recurring to the oppressive and arbitrary impositions used by his predecessors. The English Pale, it is true, was not enlarged by his exertions, but for the time it was defended, and so considerable was such service deemed, that the lords and commons in 1417 transmitted to the king the speak- ing testimony as to the Irish mode of government, detailed in the General History of this County. On being recalled from the go- vernment of Ireland, he passed into France with the English army, did signal service at the siege of Caen, but was not at Aginconrt, where, however, several of his name and kindred distinguished themselves. In 1420 he entered Paris with King Henry the Fifth in triumph, and on the accession of Henry the Sixth, enjoy- ed the special favour of the Duke of Bedford, resent of France. 202 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1428 he had the command of the whole English army then in France, but in the following year was defeated at Patay by the Maid of Orleans, and himself taken prisoner, although he — — * above human thought Enacted wonders with his sword and lance." nor was he released until 1433, a circumstance which evinces that he had no participation in the least justifiable act of the regent's admi- nistration, the putting to death a young, beautiful, and patriotic fe- male, on charges the most vague and unfounded. On being re- leased he reconquered the fort of Jouy, demolished the castle of Beaumont, took and regarrisoned those of Creil and Pont de St. Maixence. In 1438 he took those of Longueville, Guillemcourt, &c. In 1441 he was appointed a marshal of Prance ; in the follow- ing year was created Earl of Shrewsbury and Wexford, in which right he appointed his seneschal for the liberty of Wexford ; in 1443 was one of the ambassadors to negotiate the peace with Charles the Seventh; and in 1446 was created Earl of Waterford and Baron of Dungarvan, with all castles, lordships, baronies, knight's fees, advowsons of churches, wrecks of the sea from Youghal to Water- ford, &c, to hold to him and his heirs male by homage, fealty, and the service of being seneschal of the king and his heirs in his land of Ireland. In the same year he was again lord lieutenant of Ireland, and held a parliament at Trim. In 1452 he appeared before Bourdeaux, was admitted by the citizens, and on the 17th of July following, at their earnest solici- tation, attacked the French army then lying before Castillon, on the river Dordon. At first he was successful, but his horse being killed, and himself immediately after, his force was beaten, and, though the loss was not very great in the action, yet in its conse- quences it induced the total severance of Guienne from the Bri- tish dominions. The body of this, the English Achilles, was brought back to his native country and interred in the abbey of Whitchurch. His son John, Viscount Lisle, was also slain with him in this engagement. Camden says, the sword of the father was found in his time in the river Dordon, with the unclassical in- scription — « Sum Talboti, M IIII C XLIII, Pro vincere inimicos meos." THE FAMILY OF TALBOT. 203 " How would it have joyed brave Talbot," exclaims Nash," " the terror of the French, to think that, after he had been two hundred years in his tomb, he should triumph again on the stage, and have his bones new embalmed with the tears of ten thousand spectators at least, who in the tragedian that represents his person imagine they behold him fresh bleeding." Another Talbot, Sir Gilbert of Irchenfield and Blackmere in Shropshire, was in 1418 made governor-general of the marches in Normandy, and was joined in commission with Sir Gilbert Umfre- ville, to reduce all the forts and castles in that country to obe- dience. According to the Chronicle of Kirkstall he died during the siege of Rouen. In 1443 Richard Talbot, brother of Lord Furnival, was Arch- bishop of Dublin, and in the same year, on the death of Arch- bishop Prene, was elected Primate of Armagh by its dean and chapter, but declined the proffered dignity. See of him in the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." His nephew, Sir John Talbot, the son of Lord Furnival, was in 1447 appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland, with power to appoint a deputy, which he exercised in 1452 in favour of Sir Thomas Talbot, prior of Kil- mainham. His elder brother, the second Earl of Shrewsbury, was no less involved than his father had been in the turmoil of war. He had accompanied that father both in France and Ireland, and when he was slain at Castillon, the second Earl was appointed by parliament one of the guardians of the sea. In 1456 he was made Lord Treasurer of England, and in 1460, having adhered to the House of Lancaster, was slain at the battle of Northampton, as was also his third son, Sir Christopher Talbot. John, the third Earl of Shrewsbury, was at the second battle of St. Albans, and was knighted by Prince Edward. To his younger brother, Gilbert Talbot, Henry the Seventh, in the com- mencement of his reign, granted the fine seat of Grafton, in Wor- cestershire, which had been forfeited by Sir Humphrey Stafford, an attainted Yorkist. The king, in further testimony and reward of his bravery and prudence, made him a Knight of the Garter, and Governor of Droitwich, in France. It appears that this Gil- bert manifested his attachment for Henry by joining him at New- port, when on his way from Shrewsbury to Bosworth, " with the 204 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. whole power," says Hall, who erroneously calls him George, " of the young Earl of Shrewsbury, then being in ward, which were accounted to the number of 2000 men." According to Holinshed, he commanded on that day the right wing of the victorious army. In the same year he was sheriff of Shropshire. His nephew George, fourth Earl of Shrewsbury, appeared in person at the battle of Stoke ; and in 1490 had a command in the detachment that was sent in aid of Maximilian the Emperor, against Charles King of Fiance. In 151:3 he commanded the van of the English army at the siege of Therouenne ; in 1520 was present at the memorable interview between the kings of England and France, on the " field of the cloth of gold ;" and in 1523, being then Lieutenant General of the North, he made some inroads into Scotland. In 1537, by the Irish Act of Absentees, which recited the rui- nous consequences occasioned by the absence of persons having lands in Ireland, and that previous statutes had imposed the for- feiture of two-thirds of the income of such absentees, and that the other third should be forfeited for mesne rates, George Talbot, Earl of Waterford and Salop, was declared one of that class, and his Irish estates were accordingly thereby vested in the crown, with savings, however, for the boroughs of Ross, Wexford, &c. In 1538, Peter Talbot had a grant in fee from the crown, of the manors and castles of Powerscourt, Fassaroe, and Rath down, which, however, in 1540, he was induced, or rather compelled, l>y the authority of the crown to surrender. About this time flou- rished Robert Talbot, of the Grafton line, one of the earliest English antiquaries, and whose collections proved greatly servicea- ble to Leland, Bale, Caius, Camden, and others. His manuscripts are now in the library of Bennet's College, Cambridge. In 1553, Francis, Earl of Shrewsbury, was appointed Lord President of the Council in the North, and in 1557, Captain Ge- neral there. George, the sixth Earl, was one of the most upright as well as able statesmen of his age ; he was of the Council of Queen Mary, and exhibited an instance remarkable in those days of jea- lousy and distrust, of equal favour from her successor, who chose him to fill the same station, and afterwards appointed him to the dangerous office of holding Mary Queen of Scotland in custody THE FAMILY OF TALBOT. 205 at Chatsworth, which trust he fulfilled for seventeen years. There, too, he entertained the Earl of Leicester, for which he received an autograph letter from the queen, in 1577. Though he may thus be said to have guided three females, nay three queens, he was unequal to the government of his own wife ; and he, to whom the proud daughters and the niece of Henry the Eighth submitted their judgment, was subject to the intolerable caprice of an ambi- tious and self-willed woman, who, not content with having induced him to settle vast property on the children of her third husband, the Cavendishes, to the prejudice of his own, intermeddled with state affairs, and boldly released him from his superintendence of the captive princess by a suggestion of jealousy, w hich might have cost the earl his head. Several of his letters, relative to the Scot- tish queen, are to be found in Lodge's Illustrations of English History. The youngest daughter of Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrews- bury, was, at the request of Queen Elizabeth, her godmother, named Alethea, " out of her Majesty's true consideration and judgment of that worthy family, which was ever true to the state." In 1580 flourished Thomas Talbot, an eminent antiquary, and son of John Talbot, of Salebury, in Lancashire. In 1613 William Talbot was one of the most strenuous of the agents despatched to his Majesty by the Irish Recusants, for which he was afterwards committed to the Tower of London, where he suffered a long imprisonment, and, before he was per- mitted to return to Ireland, was mulcted by the Star Chamber of England in the enormous fine of £10,000. In 1617 died Edward Talbot, eighth Earl of Shrewsbury, to whose memory a splendid monument is erected in St. Edmund's chapel, Westminster Abbey. On his decease, the first line of the Earls of Shrewsbury having become extinct, John Talbot of Longford, near Newport, the fifth in degree from Sir Gilbert Talbot, mentioned as having commanded at Bosworth-field, suc- ceeded to the title, which he transmitted to the present earl. In 1630 Francis Talbot passed patents for upwards of 25,000 acres in the county of Wexford, and became the founder of the families of Castle Talbot and Talbot Hall. The name was also established in the counties of Monaghan, Cavan, and Wicklow. 206 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1638 Gilbert Talbot, of the Worcestershire line, was, by his Majesty sent envoy to the republic of Venice. He was after- wards a sufferer in the civil wars, but subsequently obtained the honour of knighthood, became master of the jewel house, and was one of the first twenty-one appointed of the council of the Royal Society on its first institution. In December, 1641, John Talbot, of Robertstown, was one of the gentlemen of the Pale who assembled at Swords, on the re- quisition of Luke Netterville ; relying, however, on the king's proclamation of pardon to all who would come in and submit, he and many others of the principal gentry of the Pale immediately accepted the royal invitation, but the puritan Justices, seeing that this submission, if allowed to become too general, would defeat their expectation of forfeitures, resolved to put an effectual termi- nation to it, and accordingly indicted Mr. Talbot and the others as traitors, for having conversed with some rebels, even when the rebels were masters of the country, and they wrote to Ormonde that very many of the best rank were endeavouring to make sub- missions, but that the state had been too indulgent to the Irish in former ages since the conquest ; that, if the governors of Ireland had been careful to improve the frequent opportunities offered to them by rebellions, they would have prevented all future attempts ; that rebels should not be allowed to wipe out their crimes by sub- missions, and that, therefore, they hoped his Majesty would make such settlement throughout the whole kingdom as King Jam e? had done in Ulster.* Mr. Talbot, therefore, and all those who had so submitted, were thrown into prison, and some of them put to the rack to extort such confessions as might enable them, says Carte, " to impeach all the Catholic gentlemen in the kingdom, and particularly those of the Pale, whose lands were best im- proved, with being concerned in the rebellion." In 1642 Henry Talbot, member of parliament for the bo- rough of Newcastle in Ireland, was expelled from the house on account of his royalist principles; at which time, Garrett Talbot, brother of Sir Robert Talbot, was campaigning under Lord Cas- * Carte's Life of Ormond, vol. i. p. 292. THE FAMILY OF TALBOT. 207 tlehaven in Minister, while in England, in 1644, Mr. Edward Talbot, brother of the Earl of Shrewsbury, was slain at Marston Moor, fighting for Charles the First, and in 1645, Sir Gilbert Talbot, after an ineffectual defence of Tiverton, of which he was governor, was, with the garrison, taken prisoner by General Fairfax. In 1646, Sir Robert Talbot was one of the commissioners for the Irish on the occasion of the Articles of Peace between them and the Marquis of Ormond. His signature, and those of James Talbot of Templeogue, and Colonel Gilbert Talbot, appear to the celebrated Protestation and Remonstrance of the Roman Catholic Nobility and Gentry of Ireland," alluded to in the " Me- moirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1664, a petition, nume- rously signed by the noblemen and gentry of Ireland, for the remuneration of the above Sir Robert Talbot, was presented to the crown, and it would appear that the Lord Lieutenant was thereupon ordered to authorize the assessment thereof. In the time of the Commonwealth, Sherington Talbot of Worcestershire, a zealous royalist, was obliged to compound for his estate with the Parliament Committee for the sum of £2.011, while, in testimony of the acknowledged attachment of this family to the Stuart cause, Charles, the twelfth Earl of Shrewsbury, who was born in 1660, had the distinguished honour of being the first subject to whom Charles the Second was sponsor, after his resto- ration. In 1665, Sir Henry Talbot had a grant of lands in Connaught, in exchange for certain estates of his adjoining to the castle of Dublin, and convenient for his Majesty's service. — Of Doctor Peter Talbot, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In May, 1672, his brother Colonel Richard Talbot, was captured with several others by the Dutch in their attack on the English fleet in Solebay. In 1686, he was elevated to the titles and honours of Lord Baron of Talbotstown, Viscount of Baltinglas. and Earl of Tyrconnel, to hold to him and his heirs male, with remainders over to his nephews, Sir William Talbot of Cartown, and William Talbot of Haggardstown, in tail male, and in four years afterwards was created Marquis and Duke of Tyrconnel. His history is that of the reign in which he flourished. He was married to the 208 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. beautiful Miss Jennings, sister to the Duchess of Marlborough, who, on her lord's decease, obtained permission to erect a nun- nery for poor Clares, in King-street, Dublin, where in obscure retirement she closed her days at the advanced age of ninety-two, and was buried in St. Patrick's cathedral. The convent, though no longer used as such, is still standing. In the civil wars of 1688, this nobleman forfeited considerable estates in Ireland, as did also Sir William Talbot in the city of Limerick, George Tal- bot in the county Roscommon, James Talbot in the said county of Roscommon, and in the county and city of Dublin. In 1689, Colonel Talbot was one of those taken prisoner at the siege of Derry, as was Brigadier Marks Talbot at the battle of Aughrim, both fighting for the cause of James the Second. Charles Talbot, the twelfth Earl of Shrewsbury, before alluded to, was lord chamberlain of the household to King James the Se- cond, he subsequently, however, resigned the command of a regi- ment in his service, mortgaged his estate, and espoused the politics and succession of the Prince of Orange. For which, and many good offices performed, he was made principal secretary of state and knight of the garter ; he was also appointed commissioner of the court of claims, bore one of the swords at the coronation, and was at one and the same time lord lieutenant of three counties, Hertfordshire, Worcestershire, and Herefordshire. In 1694 he was created Marquis of Alton and Duke of Shrewsbury, and is described as having possessed no ordinary measure of learning, a correct judgment, and a placid demeanour, which insensibly attach- all who knew him, qualities that with his general popularity induced King William to give him the epithet of " The King of Hearts." In 1713 he filled three posts which no single individual had ever occupied before — those of lord lieutenant of Ireland, lord high treasurer of Great Britain, and lord chamberlain of the house- hold. His administration in Ireland was honourable to himself and beneficial to the country. " I come here," he took an early occasion t o observe, " not to be of any party, but to administer jus- tice equally to all, to serve the queen, and to protect her subjects in their liberty." During a contested election in Dublin, when the Tories, as a mark of distinction, wore laurels in their hats, he ad- mitted no one to his levees who carried this or any other badge of THE FAMILY OF TALBOT. 209 dissension. His reward, as has been too frequently the result of such impartiality, was the distrust of each party, and the abuse of both. He was openly ridiculed in satires and lampoons, and, in allusion to a personal defect, was insulted on the very walls of the Castle by the nickname of " Polyphemus," or " Ireland's Eye." In 1722 William Talbot, of the Grafton line, was promoted to the bishopric of Durham, of which county he was also made lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum. His eldest son, Charles Talbot, was in 1733 constituted lord high chancellor of England, and created a baron of Great Britain, by the title of Lord Talbot, Ba- ron of Hensol, in the county of Glamorgan. It has been said of him, "that eloquence never afforded greater charms from any orator, than when public attention listened to his sentiments, deli- vered with the most graceful modesty, nor did wisdom and know- ledge ever support it with more extensive power, nor integrity enforce it with greater weight." Malkin, in his work on South Wales, relates of him, that riding unattended in that county by the bank of a river, near Hensol, which he wished to cross, he inquired of a countryman whether it was fordable there; the rustic nodded assent, but not in a manner that fully satisfied Lord Talbot, who repeated the question in Welch, when the man with much emotion exclaimed, Oh no, for heaven's sake do not attempt it ; it is very dangerous ; come with me and I will shew you the ford. — I took you for a Saxon !" The Honourable and Reverend James Talbot, fourth son of George, the thirteenth Earl of Shrewsbury, by the daughter of Lord Fitzwilham, was educated some time at Paris, and after- wards at the College of Douay, where he received orders, and took the degrees of Bachelor and Licentiate of Divinity. About the year 1759 he was consecrated Bishop of Birtha, « in partibus in- Jidelium" and appointed vicar apostolic over the Roman Catholics in the London district, comprehending most of the southern coun- ties, the body of the English Roman Catholics being divided into four districts since some time before the Revolution, over each of which an apostolical vicar presides. He resided during the greater portion of his life at Hammersmith, and died there in 1790 at a very advanced age. In 1782 Richard Talbot was one of the four delegates of the province of Leinster who entered into theresolu- P 210 COUNTY OF DUBL1X. tion — "That the addresses of the Irish parliament having dis- claimed any power or authority of any sort whatsoever in the par- liament of Great Britain over this realm, we shall consider a repeal of the sixth of George the First by the British parliament, made in pursuance of the said addresses, a complete renunciation of all the claims contained in the said statute, and as such we will ac- cept it and deem it satisfactory." In 1797 the fort of Irois, in the West Indies, was gallantly defended by Lieutenant Talbot of the 82nd Regiment, who, however, died of the wounds received on that occasion. In 1805 Captain John Talbot of the Leander, retook that vessel, and captured the Ville de Milan, and in 1812, as commander of the Victorious he captured the Rivoli, after a severe action, in consequence of which he was created a Knight of the Bath. In 1810 Neil Talbot, brother of the present Lord Talbot de Malahide, was killed at Ciudad Rodrigo, where he commanded as Lieutenant- Colonel of the 14th Light Dragoons. His lordship has also a brother, Thomas Talbot, member of the senate of Up- per Canada, and colonel of the militia of that province. In 1831 Lady Margaret Talbot, their mother, was created Baroness Talbot de Malahide and Lady Malahide of Malahide for her life, with re- mainder on her decease to these her heirs male, in right of which limitation the present lord now enjoys the dignity. Other particulars of the Irish line, not enumerated in this me- moir, will be found in the above sketch of Malahide, and in other parts of this " History," as directed in the General Index. After passing the pretty cottage of Mrs. Clare at right, the road from Malahide to the metropolis pre- sents in its outset a noble and extensive view of the northern parts of the county. At the village of Yel- low Walls, a road turns to the right over a little rivu- let to Swords, and opens upon the sea. Its boundary ditch, on the day of observation, presented the infant wild strawberry, and the earliest primroses of spring. Near it, on the lands of Mantua, may be seen the re- FELTRIM. 211 mains of an ancient fort, close to which is Seatown, formerly the estate of Christopher Russell, and for- feited by him in 1641. Turning from the Dublin road to a hill at right, the tourist will reach the interesting scene of FELTRIM. a village at the foot of a hill, that commands an ex- tensive and beautiful prospect over the sea and the whole country of Fingal, with the expanse of the bay and the Rochestown and Wicklow hills beyond it. On its summit is a large windmill, a very conspicuous object from every direction ; near which are some ruins of the ancient residence of the Fagan family, long the proprietors of the district, and to whose ge- nerosity the place was probably indebted for its name, i. e. the hill of hospitality. They held it, however, as of the manor of Malahide. The fee is now in Captain Bever, an absentee. The rent of land here is about four guineas per acre ; the labourer's wages, sixteen pence per day. Its soil rests on mountain limestone, and the quarries present numerous organic remains. Its tithes, the extent and value of which are defined by an in- quisition of 1547, were, with those of Dry nam. Xevinstown, Browustown, &c. early appropriated to the Economy of St. Pa- trick's. In the reign of Elizabeth, when the unfortunate Earl of Desmond was a prisoner of state, his health requiring country air, the custody of his person was consigned to Christopher Fagan, of Feltrim, who magnanimously informed the government, that, as his euest, the earl was most welcome to diet and lodging at his p 2 212 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. house, bat that he should never become his keeper. Desmond, in such liberal guardianship, -was permitted to walk abroad on his parol, a privilege which he abused, and effected his escape into Munster, where, entering soon after into open rebellion, he was treacherously murdered by some of his own followers. This hill, now covered with furze and brushwood, was then darkened by a venerable forest ; yet amidst its romantic rocks and the everlasting scenery that surrounds it. associations con- nected with the above event seemed to rise from the soil, and fill the memory with the national inflictions of that period. The vision of the captive Desmond appeared environed by those English knights who, early in the reign of Elizabeth, when unable to equip themselves for the distant spoliation of the then newly dis- covered world, besought their gracious sovereign to license an expedition and invasion of Ireland ; doubtless urging, that it would initiate all who undertook it in the glorious labours of civilizing a savage and converting a superstitious nation, — an apprenticeship of Buccaneers, which the queen was induced to legitimate. — and "in consideration thereof" the novices modestly covenanted to remit to the English treasury about a groat per annum, for every acre of their acquisitions, in which faithful promises originated their cognomen of ~ undertakers." The palatinate of Desmond was the great object of this guilty confederacy ; while, in truth, extending as it did over one hundred and fifty miles of territory in the province of Munster, and com- prising upwards of half a million of acres, over which the earl darned and exercised an exclusive and uncontrolled jurisdiction, its continuance in such a state seemed to justify the political ap- prehensions of the English government. The history, however, of this campaign, and the consequent confiscation and allotment of a province, are wholly beyond the scope of the present work ; and it shall only be remarked, what many perhaps who read these pages will learn with surprise, that amongst these adventurers were the accomplished Sir Walter Raleigh and Edmund Spenser, the author of the i; Faerie Queen." The Christopher Fagan. alluded to as having entertained Des- mond here, had been in 1573 Lord Mayor of the city of Dublin; and it is of him, although erroneously styled " Nicholas" Fagan, FELTRIM. 213 Holinshed says, M There hath been of late worshipful ports kept by Master Fyan, who was twice mayor, Master Segrave, Tho- mas Fitz Simons, Robert Cusack, Walter Cusack, Nicholas Fagan, and others, and not only their officers so far excel in hospitality, but also the greater part of the civity is generally addicted to such ordinary and standing houses, as it would make a man muse which w ay they are able to bear it out, but only by the goodness of God, which is the upholder and furtherer of hospitality. What should I here speak of their charitable alms daily and hourly extended to the needy. The poor prisoners, both of the Newgate and the Castle, with three or four hospitals, are chiefly, if not only relieved by the citizens. Furthermore, there are so many other extraor- dinary beggars that daily swarm there, so charitably succoured, as that they make the whole civitie in effect their hospital." In 1611, John Fagan passed fresh patent for the town and lands of Feltrim, a mill and 240 acres, Effernock, 54 acres, Mabestown, 106 acres, kc. ; all which he had inherited from his father Richard ; but John's descendant, Christopher, forfeited these paternal estates in Cromwell's time, to which, however, he was restored in 1663, by a decree of the Court of Claims, adjudg- ing him an innocent Papist, and giving him his former possessions in tail male, including the above lands, as also others in Coolock, Bullock, Dalkey, and considerable estates in Lusk, of all which he died so seised in 1682, and which, together with about 1400 acres in the barony of Duleek, were wholly forfeited by his son Richard in the confiscations of 1688. On that event, and on the death of his brother Peter without issue, his sister, Lady Strabane, having previously, in 1684, obtained a grant of the reversion of these es- tates expectant on the old entail, to her son Claude, Lord Aber- corn, they would have vested accordingly in his family, but appear to have been reassumed by the crown. The ancient residence here was one of the numerous localities, named as having received the unfortunate James the Second in his flight from the Boyne, and the chamber was at no very remote period confidently shewn, where he passed the weary hours of one wretched night. In 1699, the trustees of the forfeited estates complained in an official Report, that so hasty had been several of the grantees or 214 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. their agents in the disposition of the forfeited woods, that vast numbers of trees had been cut and sold for not above 6d. a-piece ; and in particular, they stated that the like waste was still continu- ing on the lands of Feltrim, within six miles of Dublin, and the woods of O'Shaughnessy in the county of Galway. In 1703, Folliott Sherigley had a grant of the town and lands of Feltrim, Effernock, and Mabestown, 325 acres, " the estate of Richard Fagan, attainted;" and in 1728, this denomination was returned as comprising 221 acres, of which the tithes of corn and hay were stated to be payable to the economy fund of St. Patrick's cathedral. Immediately after which, the lands passed into the possession of the Bever family, whose descendant, Edward Bever of Feltrim, was enabled by a private act of parliament in 1760 to make leases thereof, and otherwise to charge the premises. — At this time Hoffsleger had his celebrated flower-garden here. About Feltrim the botanist will find fedia den- tata, oval-fruited corn salad ; agrostis vulgaris, com- mon bent grass ; jasione montana, common sheep's bit ; sedum acre, wall pepper ; agrimonia eupatoria, agrimony ; galeopsis ladanum, red hemp nettle ; a variety of the thymus serpyllum, wild thyme with white flowers ; draba verna, common whitlow grass ; geranium columbinum, long-stalked crane's-bill ; ge- ranium lucidum, shining crane's-bill ; polygala vul- garis, milkwort ; poterium sanguisorba, salad burnet; saocifraga tridactylotes, rue-leaved saxifrage, flower- ing in May ; fedia olitoria, lamb's lettuce, flowering from April to June ; allium arenarium, sand garlic. On the adjacent lands a variety of the galeopsis tetrahit, common hempbane with white flowers ; or- chis viridis, frog orchis ; plantago media, hoary plantain. — On the rocks, arabis hirsuta, hairy wall cress ; urceolaria contorta, ; and in the hedges, trifolium officinale, melilot. THE FAMILY OF FAG AN. 215 Between this place and Swords, is a holy well, dedicated to St. Wereburghe, a saint of the seventh age, daughter of Wilfere, King of Mercia. st In her," as her biographers write, " was mingled the royal blood of all the chief Saxon kings, but her glory was the contempt of a vain world even from her cradle, on the pure motion of the love of God." The Family of Fagan, so intimately connected with this locality, is of high antiquity in Ireland, and much distinguished in its annals, as well as in the history of other countries. In the year 1022, died Flan O'Fagan, archdean of Durrow in the King's County, " a man in real estimation for goodness, wis- dom, and exemplary piety." In the thirteenth century the name was established as one of tenure in Meath, as the ancient denomi- nations of Faganstown and Derry-Fagan testify ; and there the Fagans early connected themselves with the de Lacys ; the Plun- ketts, ancestors of the Earls of Louth; the Barnewalls of Cricks- town, ancestors of the Viscounts Kingsland, and the Barons of Turvey and Trimlestown. About the year 1275, Nicholas de Hynteberg and others confirmed to Sir Robert Bagod a certain stone house with all its appurtenances of wood and stone, situated within the walls of the city of Dublin, and in the parish of St. Martin near St. Werburglvs gate, which had been theretofore the land of William Fagan, together with a certain tower beyond said gate. In 1334, Richard Fagan had a pension of twenty marks charged on the treasury of Ireland, in consideration of hisgoodservices against O'Reilly and Bermingham, and in 1343 had a further grant of part of the lands forfeited by his father-in-law, Sir Hugh de Lacy, for the term of his own life and that of his son John. This John was in 1358 high sheriff of the liberties of Meath, and in 1373 was appointed governor of the castle of Trim. In 1402 Nicholas Fagan was one of two commissioners deputed to collect state sup- plies in the barony of Morgallion, and in 1423 Sir John Fagan was 216 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. constituted high sheriff of the liberties of Meath, and received a writ of mandamus to muster the forces of his district, in order to repel the incursions of the O'Conors and O'Reillys, " the avowed enemies of the English Pale." His son, Richard Fagan, was in 1457 high sheriff of the liberties of Meath, and in the following year obtained a pension of twenty marks, on account of the heavy expenses he had sustained in the king's service during his employ- ment. Christopher Fagan, the representative of the Meath line and the inheritor of their estates, was involved in the civil wars that arose in Ireland during the reign of Henry the Seventh, and in par- ticular in the assertion of Perkin Warbeck's title to the crown. This Christopher was (with as it is said four of his sons) slain at the siege of Carlow, and having been attainted, his estates were on inquisition of 1494 ascertained, and subsequently granted over to the Aylmers, Barnevvalls, and other nobles of the Pale. John, the youngest son of Christopher, escaped the fatal field where his father and his brothers perished, and flying to Cork, intermarried about the year 1514 with the daughter of William Skiddy of Skiddy's Castle, by whom he had Thomas Fagan, afterwards one of the citizens of Cork, who not only opposed the proclaiming of King James, and the entrance of the Lord Mountjoy into the city, but even took forcible possession of Skiddy's Castle. To return to the line of Christopher, — his eldest son Richard, who fell with him at Carlow, left a son, Thomas Fagan, who ac- quired the estate of Feltrim, and had two sons, Christopher and Richard; the former was one of the sheriffs of the city of Dublin in 1565, and again in 1573, as was the latter in 1575, and Lord Mayor in 1587. In 1604 this Richard .obtained a pardon of alienation for himself and his son and heir John Fagan of Feltrim, and dying in 1609, was buried in the family vault at St. Audeon's. John intermarried with Alicia, the daughter of Walter Segrave, by whom he had issue four sons. A short time after the decease of his father he surrendered his estates to the Crown, and not only obtained a new grant thereof by letters patent in 1611, but also got a grant of several lands in the county of Wexford in 1637. His eldest son, Richard, intermarried with Eleanor Fagan, the heiress of the Meath estates, by which event all the estates of the THE FAMILY OF FAGAN. 217 Fagan family vested in the house of Feltrim. By her he had Christopher Fagan who succeeded thereto, but was declared a forfeiting proprietor during the civil wars of 1641. On proof, however, of his innocence, he was in 1670 decreed to the posses- sion thereof, qualified into an estate in tail male. The other three sons of John Fagan were Thomas and George, who both died unmarried, and John, who became the founder of the Munster line, the last representatives of the Fagans of Feltrim. Early in the seventeenth century, branches of the family were settled in the county Carlow ; while in 1617 died the learned Nicholas Fagan, whom the Pope had preferred from the abbey of Inislaunaght, to the see of Waterford. He was interred in the religious house over which he had presided. In 1666, Patrick Fagan preferred his memorial to the Court of Claims, as a soldier, for certain lands in the county Louth enumerated in his petition and schedule ; and in 1682 died Chris- topher Fagan, as mentioned in the notice of " Feltrim," leaving two sons, Richard and Peter, and a daughter, Elizabeth, who in- termarried with Claude, the fourth Lord Strabane. Richard was a zealous adherent of King James the Second, and distinguished himself at the siege of Den y, as commemorated in the quaint lines on the subject : " Bellew left Duleek, and his ancient hall, To see his monarch righted, Fagan of Feltrim, with Fingal His cavalry united ; 'Twas part of the plan, that Lord Strabane Should give his neighbours warning, But they packed him off with a shot and a scoff, His hollow counsel scorning," &c. &c. Richard also fought for the Stuart at the battle of Aughrim, and consequently forfeited all his estates. He left three daughters by his wife Eleanor Aylmer, of Lyons, one of whom, Helen, was mar- ried, as mentioned hereafter, to John Taylor of Swords ; another Mary, to John Eustace, of Confee Castle; and the third, Anne, died unmarried. Peter, the younger brother, is noticed at " St. Doulogh's ;" he died without issue. 218 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In the charter of King James the Second to Old Leighlin, in 1688, Hugh Fagan was named one of the burgesses, as was Richard Fagan in that granted in the ensuing year to Swords, and the same monarch, in 1690, presented the Rev. James Fagan to the vicar- ages of Dowestown and Castlecor. To revert to John, son of John Fagan and Alice Aylmer, be- fore mentioned as the founder of the Munster line, he married Bell, daughter of William Knowles, of Waterford, and died about the year 1683, leaving three sons, William, Christopher, and James. The latter passed after the Revolution into the Spanish service, where he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. William, the eldest son, died without issue, leaving all of his pro- perty that escaped confiscation in 1689, (for he too espoused the cause of James the Second,) to his next brother, Christopher, who had also adhered to the same cause, was a captain in Lord Ken- mare's regiment of infantry, fought at Aughrim, was comprised in the capitulation of Limerick in 1691, and retired thence, at the invitation of Lord Kenmare, to the county Kerry, where he died in 1740, leaving issue, Patrick Fagan, and other sons. Patrick died in 1770, leaving a very numerous family, some of whom have signalized themselves in various quarters of the globe. Christo- pher, the eldest, entered the French service, became a chevalier of the order of St. Louis, and a very distinguished officer, and died in London, in 1816, without issue. Stephen, the second son, was an eminent merchant in Cork, and died in 1811, leaving issue as hereafter mentioned. Robert Fagan, the third son of Patrick, became a merchant at St. Kitt's ; and his son Christopher is now Adjutant-General in the India service. Another son, James, be- came Quartermaster-General at Grenada, where he was killed in a duel. A fifth, John, left issue — two sons ; George, who became Adjutant-General in India, and Christopher, a Brigadier- General. Stephen, the second son of Patrick, above alluded to, left two sons, Patrick and James ; the former, by his wife, Miss Hussey, of Dingle, left several children, the eldest of whom, Doctor Stephen Fagan, appears to be now the representative of the Fagan family ; while James, by his wife, Ellen Theresa Trant, left two sons, Wil- liam and Charles, and two daughters, Eliza and Susan. The elder brother of this line, William Fagan, is settled as a merchant in KINSALY. 219 Cork, intermarried in 1827 with Mary, the only daught er of Charles Addis, of London, and by her has issue, sons and daughters. In 1809, Robert Pagan, Esq. was appointed British Consul in Sicily and Malta. He resided in Italy for several years, during which, by frequent exfodiations and searches in the neighbourhood of Rome, he discovered many articles of value. In 1816, how- ever, he fell into a desponding state while at that city, and threw himself from a window, of which fall he died. In 1810, Lieutenant < Fegan' of the Royal Marines distinguished himself in the action against the French squadron in the Bay of Naples; and in 1815 General Fagan did signal service in India. From Feltrim the line of this excursion crosses the little river, before noticed as emptying into the sea at Portmarnock, and enters KINSALY, a parish comprising 2,129a. 3r. 27p. in the one denomination, with a population of 593 Catholics and 58 Protestants. It is in the Catholic union of Howth. A Mr. Cooper is the principal proprietor of the fee ; the rent varies from £3 to £4 per acre, the wages of labour being at most sixteen pence per day, in some instances less. The old church is at a little distance from the present village, on the road to Portmarnock, and south of the pure, limpid stream that runs between them. It exhibits some picturesque, ivied ruins of nave and chancel with a double-belfried gable, sur- rounded by ancient trees. There are no monuments in or about this ruin worthy of notice. In the vil- lage of Kinsaly is a handsome modern chapel, adja- cent to which is a poor school, supported by the pro- 220 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. duce of sermons and private contributions, and usu- ally attended by about 120 children. Previous to the English invasion Kinsaly was in the possession of Hamund Fitz Torkaill, a Dane, and Henry the Second ex- pressly recognised his right on condition of his paying annually two marks to find lights for the holy rood (i. e. the holy cross) of Christ Church in Dublin. Strongbow afterwards gave Kinsaly absolutely to Christ Church for the same use,* which grant was confirmed by Archbishop Laurence O'Toole in 1178; accordingly in a bull of Pope Urban of the year 1186, it is specially named in the enumeration of the landed possessions of that priory. At this early period a church was founded here dedicated to St. Nicholas, and made one of the exterior chapels subservient to the mother church of Swords, being granted by Archbishop Luke, together with all its tithes, and sundry other profits and emolu- ments, to the vicar of that parish.f St. Nicholas of Pinara, Bishop of Myra, the patron of Kinsaly, and especially regarded as the patron of school children, was born at Patara, in Lycia. From his infancy he was inured to the exer- cises of devotion, penance, and perfect obedience. He was chosen Archbishop of Myra, and in that exalted station became celebrated for his extraordinary piety and zeal. Hospinian attributes the in- vocation of St. Nicholas by sailors to a miracle — " Cum turbine nautee Deprensi Cilices magno clamore vocarent, Nicolai viventis opem, descendere quinam Coelitum visus sancti sub imagine patris, Qui freta depulso fecit placidissima vento."| Armstrong, speaking of Ciudadella, mentions that near the en- trance of the harbour stands a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas, to which the sailors that have suffered shipwreck resort, in order to return thanks for their preservation, and to hang up votive pic- tures representing the dangers they have escaped, a custom which * Reg. Christ Church. f Allen's Reg. % Hosp. de Festis, 153. KINSALY. 221 the classical scholar will recognise as derived from the older times of Rome — " Me, tabula sacer Votiva paries indicat uvida, Suspendisse potenti Vestimenta maris Deo." St. Nicholas died in 343, and his festival is kept on the 6th of December. In 1200 Amori de Nugent gave to the prior of Christ Church an acre of land in Maine, near Kinsaly, soon after which a claim was set up by the heir of that Elias Comyn (before mentioned at Portmarnock) to apart of Kinsaly; but the prior of Christ Church, to quiet his possession, agreed to pay him 100s. annually in the abbey of St. Augustine in Bristol. In 1337 King Edward confirmed the grant of Kinsaly, with its appurtenances, to the see of Dublin, as did King Richard in 1395. — For a notice of its tithes in 1489, see at " Swords." On inquisition of 1576 John Talbot was found seised in fee of a house and one hundred and twenty acres of land in this parish, which he held from the dean and chapter of the Holy Trinity, by fealty and twenty-five shillings annual rent. Sir John Perceval be- came subsequently entitled to a certain corody out of the lands of Kinsaly, secured to him by a royal letter of about the year 1666.* In the seventeenth century Andrew Golding was seised of the manor of Kinsaly, a mansion-house, ten messuages, and two hun- dred acres, which he held under the dean and chapter of Christ Church. The interest of that family having been forfeited by bis heir, Richard Golding, in 1641 ,f Lord Kingston in 1669 obtained a grant of the town and lands, 386 acres plantation measure, to hold in free and common soccage. For a notice of Kinsaly in 1697, see " Swords." In 1703 Thomas Tilson of Dublin purchased a chief rent of £9 English, theretofore payable out of Paul Davis's lands here, to Richard Fagan, attainted, while Stephen Swift of Kilkenny had a grant of said Fagan's landed estate here, 95a. Record Tower, Dub. Cast. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 222 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1832 the first stone was laid of the new Catholic church by the Rev. William Young, parish priest of the union of Howth, Beldoyle, and Kinsaly. Leaving Kinsaly, which, it may be remarked, is said to possess a bed of excellent marble, the road passes into the village of SAINT DOULOGH'S. In the street, at the head of the lane which leads to its church, are the stone basement and socket of an ancient cross, one of those which once marked the croceae, or lands of the cross, " ex parte Fingal." This church, which is situated on an eminence, commanding a most extensive prospect, is said to have been built by the Danes, as a shrine for St. Olave ; the supposition is not, however, probable nor well supported, and Lanigan with more propriety consi- ders it the work of natives, and dedicated to St. Doulogh or Dulech, an Irishman, whose day of com- memoration is kept on the 1 7th of November.* It was originally a cruciform structure, but the nave has long since given place to a very small, modern church, wholly destitute of even the ornament of monuments. At the time of its foundation this form could not have been fully developed, for the transepts are remarkably small, as is also the eastern portion or original chancel. The building does not stand due east and west, and, though it possesses the stone roof in common with the ancient Saxon churches, all its windows and arched loop-holes approximate to the * Lanigan's Eccl. Hist. vol. iii. p. 359. SAINT DOULOUGH'S. 223 pointed form. It is forty-eight feet long by eighteen wide, and has a double stone roof, the outer, which covers the building, and the inner, which divides the lower from the upper story ; a small chamber, dimly lighted, occupies the space between, while in the centre of the building rises a low broad tower with graduated battlements, on which, recently, an incon- gruous spire has been erected, that disfigures and in- jures the edifice. On entering the crypt by a small door at the south side, the tomb of the patron saint presents itself, from which a subterranean passage is said to have descended to the well hereafter described ; a narrow way leads thence into the chapel, which is twenty-two feet long by twelve broad, and lighted by three windows, one at the east, and two at the south. Up tw T o pair of stairs is a recess, not much larger than an oven, said to have been the penitential bed of the saint. The roof of the edifice is still in good preservation ; the outer part, rising in a very steep wedge shape, is covered with smooth oblong stones, not large, but laid so closely together without over- lapping, and so well bedded in mortar, that, after the many intervening centuries, they neither admit light nor water. The staircase is two feet wide, and of similar construction, the steps being each an irregular triangle and placed alternately, so that two occupy only the breadth of one step as usually placed, by which the ascent is accomplished in half the ordinary space. A modern building, contiguous to the ancient, forms the present place of parochial worship. Near 224 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the church, is a well dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The water is contained in a circular basin, and over it is an octangular inclosure forming a cone. About it were anciently some fresco paintings and decora- tions, put up by Peter Fagan of the Feltrim family. The descent of the Holy Ghost on the Apostles was represented at the top, and round the sides were the effigies of Saints Patrick, Columba, and Brigid, much after the manner they are engraved in the title to Messingham's Florilegium, as also of the patron St. Doulogh, in a hermit's habit ; on the wall was likewise the following inscription engraved upon a marble slab, commemorative of the sanative effects of this holy well : " Piscinae Solymis clarae decus efferat alter, Et medicas populus jactet Hebrseus aquas, Grata Deo patrium celebrat Fingallia fontem Doulachi precibus munera nacta piis ; Morbos ille fugat promptus viresque reponit Mgris, et causas mille salutis habet ; Scilicet sequus agit mediis Doulachus in undis, Angelus ut fontem, sic movet ille suum ; O fons noster amor ! si te negleximus olim, Mox erit ut nomen sit super astra tuum." But all these curious memorials of devotion were de- stroyed by the wilful wickedness of those, who knew not how durably a nation is alienated by profaning or slandering the objects of its religious reverence. The Greeks felt the eloquence of such an incentive, and forbade the restoration of the sacred monuments which the Persians had prostrated. Below this well is another vaulted place called St. Catherine's pond. BALGRIFFIN. 225 This parish, the rectory being in the dean and chapter of Christ Church, ranks as a curacy with- out glebe or glebe-house. It comprises but the one townland of St. Doulogh's, and is in the Catholic union of Howth. The comparative population of it and of Balgriffin was reported as 534 Catholics to 78 Protestants. The rent of lands in both places rates from £5 to £7 per acre, labourers' wages being 8s. per week. Extensive limestone quarries have been worked here, which exhibited numerous organic re- mains. In 1178 Archbishop Laurence O'Toole granted to Christ Church (inter alia) the chapel of St. Doulogh's with the tithes thereof, also Ballymacamlaib, Cloncoein, Talgagh, Tulaghcoein, Cellingeneleam, Celtinen, Rathsalchan, Tillaghnaescop, kc. At the close of the fifteenth century, John Burnell of Bal- griffin gave to John Young, chaplain, and to his successors certain messuages, lands, and tenements in Bothem, Balinacarrick, and Nettlebed, with their appurtenances for ever, towards establishing a chantry in the chapel of St. Doulogh's.* Other records connected with this locality will be found at « Balgriffin." In 1814 the Board of First Fruits lent £300 towards building the glebe-house, and gave £400 for the same object. On the old walls here grows arabis hirsuta, hairy wall cress ; and in the vicinity, ophrys apifera, bee ophrys ; narcissus sylvestris, wild daffodil, &c. Leaving St. Doulogh's, BALGRIFFIN, or Bally-griffin, i. e. Griffin's town, succeeds, with * Rot. Pat. 21 Hen. VII. in Cane. Hib. Q 226 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the handsome seat of Mr. Rutherford at left, its gar- dens and hothouses, and the little river intersecting the grounds and feeding its fish ponds. The fee of this locality is in Mr. Doyne. Rent rates from £5 to £7 per acre. Balgriffin was formerly a chapelry dependant on the parsonage of Swords. It is now united with St. Doulogh's, and, as the rectory is wholly impropriate in the Precentor of Christ Church, ranks as but a cu- racy in the deanery of Swords, and in the patronage of the chantor of the said cathedral, both curacies being estimated at the annual value of £160. The union extends over 1052a. 2r. 2p. In the population returns Balgriffin is stated as a separate parish, and that of 1831 returns its inhabitants as two hundred and fifty-nine persons. The church of Balgriffin was, immediately after the English invasion, in the patronage of Thomas Comyn, as lord of the town- land. In 1178 Archbishop O'Toole confirmed to the priory of the Holy Trinity (inter alia) the church of Balgriffin and its glebe, with the chapel of St. Doulogh's, in the same parish, and the tithes thereof. It appears, however, that in the time of Archbishop Luke, the family of Thomas Comyn disputed this title, and, on the death of an incumbent, William Norragh, the widow of said Tho- mas affected to present John White thereto ; her claim was, how- ever, unsuccessful as respected the advowson, but the family of Comyn continued possessed of the fee, and in the year 1403 Sir William Comyn was found seised of the manor, messuages, rents, and tenements of Balgriffin, with all their rights and appurtenances. His son having intermarried with Maria Burnell, the property passed into the latter family.* Rot. Claus. 4 Hen. IV. in Cane. Hib. BALG11IFFIN. 227 In 1418 King Henry the Fifth granted to Sir Thomas Talbot, brother of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the manor of " Bally- griffin," with all its appurtenances, being in the king's hands by forfeiture, to be held by him for ever at the service of a knight's fee and an half. But, although the record runs so, it would seem as if the king's title was misstated, and accrued in right of a mino- rity, for in 1460, William Baron de Maresco was here married to Christiana, daughter of Robert Burnell, Lord of Balgriffin. She survived him, and, as appears by several ancient records, was an especial favourite with King Edward the First and his court. In 1500 the king committed the custody of the whole county of Dublin, during pleasure, to Robert Burnell of Balgriffin,* a branch of whose family soon after settled at Castleknock. In 1534 John Burnell of Balgriffin was one of the warmest ad- herents of the ill-fated Thomas Fitzgerald, " the silken lord." He was married to a daughter of the second Lord Gormanston. In 1537 Gerald, son of Edward Nugent, had a general livery ■ of seisin and pardon of intrusion as to lands in Beldoyle, Corbally, Darndale, Newton, Tawlaght, and Balgriffin.f In 1545 the king granted to Conacius Earl of Tyrone, in con- sideration of his services, the town of Balgriffin, with all its mes- suages, gardens, &c, except the mill and water courses, the late estate of John Burnell, attainted, to hold to said earl for life, re- mainder to the Baron of Dungannon in tail male, with a condi- tion of forfeiture in case of any confederacy against, or distur- bance of the government by the earl, or any person in possession under the remainder. In 1560 Robert Burnell of this family was member of parlia- ment for Drogheda, as was Henry Burnell for the county of Dub- lin in 1585. In 1574 Queen Elizabeth, without noticing the patent of 1545 to the Earl of Tyrone, granted to Thomas, the tenth Earl of Or- mond, the estates of John Burnell of Balgriffin, "forfeited by the treason for which he had been lately executed." That family did not, however, abandon their opposition to the queen's government, and * Rot. Pat. 15 Hen. VII. in Cane. Hib. t Rot. in Cane. Hib. Q 2 228 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. accordingly in 1577 Sir Henry Sidney, writing to the lords of the council in England, says of one of them — ' ; Of Burnell I will say little, but wish he had been better occupied, for he is a man well spoken and towardly enough otherwise, if he would have applied himself to hi3 profession and followed his clients' causes, and not so busily have meddled with her majesty's prerogative, which is not limited by Magna Charta, nor found in Littleton's Tenures, nor written in the books of assizes, but registered in the remembrances of her majesty's exchequer, and remains in the roll of records in the tower as her majesty's treasure. It were good therefore he were taught to know it better, if he have not yet learned so far. And for the cess it is the queen's right, it is her royalty very long and of antienty continued, and found to have had a being by the name of cess and cessor in the antientest rolls of laws that are ex- tant in this land, the impugners thereof are the more severely lo be dealt withal, which I refer to your lordships' grave, wise, and honourable considerations." And in another despatch to the queen he says — " Burnell's father is alive, and an old man, but neither in youth nor age lived or was able to live in half that ap- pearance that this man doth. He thirsteth earnestly to see the English government withdrawn from hence." In 1580 John de Bathe of Drumcondra bequeathed a plough- land in Chapelizod to support an hospital for four poor men here. In 1599 Sir Thomas Fitzwilliain being seised, as it would ap- pear, as trustee of the Earl of Tyrone, of the manor, town, and lands of Balgriffin, three hundred acres, granted same to William Bathe in tail male ;* and accordingly a subsequent inquisition finds his heir, John Bathe, seised of said manor, &c, of Balgriffin, con- taining one castle, one water-mill, three hundred acres of arable land, kc, which he so held of the crown in capite by knight service. On the attainder of Hugh Earl of Tyrone, some doubt arising whether the estate of Balgriffin, with its appurtenances, so al- leged to have been previously conveyed by said Hugh to John Bathe, might not be involved in the consequent forfeitures, the Lord Deputy and Council, on the petition of said John, promised and undertook, that his Majesty, his heirs and successors, should from time to time, at the will and pleasure of said John, his heirs * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. BELCAMP. 229 and assigns, by new letters patent, without fine or other charges, grant to said John, his heirs or assigns, or their nominees, all said lands of Balgriffin, under such rents and reservations as said Hugh had reserved. And such their undertaking was enrolled in the Council Book and in the Journals of Parliament. For a notice of Balgriffin in 1609, and the rights which the Piers family then acquired here, see at " Cabragh." At the time of the regal visitation in 1615, there were the ruins of a chapel yet remaining here, appertaining, as that return states, to St. Doulogh's. Some obscure traces of this edifice are still observable. In 1617 John Bathe passed patent for the entire manor of Balgriffin, stated to have been the estate of John Burnell, at- tainted, and conveyed as above to said Bathe, by Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam. About the close of the reign of Charles the First, flourished Henry Burnell, a descendant of this family, author of " Langartha ; a tragi-comedy, presented in the new theatre in Dublin with good applause, being an ancient story. Dublin, 1641. 4to."* The plot was taken from the ancient Swedish and Danish historians ; and it was the last play performed at the old theatre iu Werburgh-street, Dublin. In 1666 James Duke of York obtained a grant (inter alia) of 480 acres, plantation measure, in " Ballygriffin." Richard Earl of Tyrconnel subsequently resided at the castle here, having obtained a grant of the above 480 acres, which, on his attainder, were given to John Forster of Dublin, subject to a lease for ninety-nine years, to Thomas Stepney, Esq. the benefit of which interest said Stepney claimed at Chichester house ; and was allowed same with saving of the rights of " the two parsons of Balgriffin." The next locality worthy of notice is BELCAMP, formerly the seat of Sir Edward Newenham, now that * Walker's Hist, of the Irish Stage. 230 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of Mrs. Hawthorne, a large and handsome house, near which is a small tower, built in 1778, in honour of General Washington, and suitably inscribed. The windings of the road afford interesting vistas of the sea, Ireland's Eye, Howth, and the intervening shore. At left succeeds Clare Grove, the mansion of General Cuppage, previously called Annesley Lodge, having been the residence of Lord Annesley. At right is Darndale, formerly the estate of the Rev. John Jackson of Clonshaugh, in this county, w r ho be- queathed it about the year 1 787? subject to the life interest of his grand-nephew, Edward Bever, Esq. to the Incorporated Society for founding Protestant Schools, to the use of said charity for ever. COOLOCK, the immediately succeeding village, gives its name to the parish and barony in which it is situated; the for- mer is a vicarage in Finglas Deanery, the rectory and advowson of the vicarage being in the Marquis of Drogheda. The parish was assessed to the ancient subsidies, and, according to the road rates, as 1199 acres, com- prised in ten townlands. Its estimate, under the mo- dern survey, has not yet been calculated. Its popu- lation in 1831 was 914 persons, while the number of its labourers is said to be about 170, of whom 140 get constant employment, and thirty occasional. Near the village is a small neat church, for the repair of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £244 18s. It is situated on the brow of a hill. In COOLOCK. 231 the parish is a glebe-house, with a glebe of 17a. 2r.25p. In the Catholic dispensation, Coolock is in the Union of Clontarf, and has a neat and commodious chapel, with a spacious vestry-room, in which a library is kept of suitable books for the use of the Coolock Benefit Society. There is here a Sunday and Day Protestant school, where at present are maintained three boarders, each paying £15 per annum, while about twenty girls and fifteen boys receive a daily education gratuitously. This establishment is supported by contributions from Lord Charlemont, Mr. Guinness, the Rector, &c. The church contains no monuments, and those in the cemetery are modern, the oldest of note being to the memory of the Rev. Smyth Loftus, who died Vicar of Coolock, in 1761. There are also monu- ments to the families of Ferguson and Jolly, to one of the Dalys of Loughrea, to Alderman Nugent, who died in 1834, another to the Rev. Nesbitt Seely, who died Vicar of Inismagrath, in 1806, and an enclosure, funereally adorned with yews, and designated the grave of General Cuppage, though the general still " lives — a prosperous gentleman." Sir Compton Domville is the chief proprietor of the fee in this pa- rish. The rent of land varies from £3 to £6 per acre, that of a cabin, without land, from one to two shillings per week. In the neighbourhood of the village were several raths, or moats, of which some are yet discernible, but now much cut down, and mixed with the soil of the surrounding fields. The most perfect is on Mr, 232 COUNTY' OF DUBLIN. Staunton's ground, hence called Moatfield. There is another at Edemnore, near the church ; a third, at Darndale, Mr. Gogartv's, and another at Mr. White's of Bonnybrook. In the time of Archbishop Comyn, Coolock was a chapelry annexed to Swords,* and. according to the authority of a collation of Archbishop Fagan in 1733, was dedicated to St. Brendan of Kerry, whom ancient chronicles style " the great patriarch of monks and star of the western world," and who, having been the founder of the monastery at Clonfert, in which he spent the close of his life, was thence usually called Brendan of Clonfert. He was born in 484, studied theology under St. Jarlath of Tuam, founded various religious houses, died on the 16th of May, in the year 577, and was buried at Clonfert. In Allen's Register is preserved a certificate of Archbishop Comyn, that he had admitted, about the year 1190, "Walter Comyn to the parsonage of the church of Swords, with the ap- pendant chapels of Malahide, Kinsaly. Balgriffin, Coolock, kc. ; while in the Repertorium Viride it is stated, that the church of Coolock had anciently been in the gift of the Baron de Nugent, but was afterwards appropriated to the priory of Lanthony near Gloucester, whose fraternity endowed a perpetual vicarage here of their own presentation. In 1207 Haket de Nugent gave sixty marks for liberty to bring a proceeding in the nature of an ejectment for three knights' fees with their appurtenances, which had been the property of Gilbert de Nugent his brother, situated in Coolock and its vici- nity, and then occupied by Richard de Capella. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the family of Holly- wood was seised of the manor of Coolock, of which the lands of Ballytra, Drynam, 6cc. were held.+ This property subsequently passed to the Talbots. In 1537, the king, by letters patent, which were confirmed by a private act of parliament, conferred upon John Bathe and Ed- * Aliens Register. t Rolls in Cane. Hib. COOLOCK. 223 mund Griffin, (inter alia,) the parsonage of Coolock, which was afterwards rated to the First Fruits at £5 1*. 8c?. In 1538 the prior of Kilmainham granted to Matthew King and Elizabeth his wife, (inter alia,) thirty acres of the wood of Coolock, and all other woods to the said town belonging. At the dissolution, the prior of St. John's of Kilmainham was found seised of twenty-four acres of underwood in Coolock, called the Prior's wood, annual value 6s. 8c?., while the rectory, extend- ing over Coolock, Kilmore, Newtown, and Darndale, was appro- priate to the abbey of Duleek. In 1579 Marmaduke Middleton, who had been Vicar of Coo- lock, succeeded to the sees of Waterford and Lismore. He was afterwards degraded, and deprived at Lambeth, before the High Commissioners, not only by reading his sentence in scriptis, but by a formal divesting him of his episcopal robes and priestly vest- ments. His offence appears to have been the contriving and pub- lishing of a forged will. When pressed to answer articles, he refused to do so upon oath, claiming the privilege of a peer, to testify upon honour. He did not long survive his disgrace. In 1595 the king presented Edward Moore to the perpetual vicarage of Coolock, as then vacant by the death of Edward We- therby. — For notices in 1608, as to the possessions of the Prior of Kilmainham here, see at " Clontarf," and in 1611 see at " Clogh- ran," as to those of the Nugent family. In 1614 Garrett, Viscount Moore, was seised of the rectory and tithes of Coolock,* for which he passed patents in 1 620 and 1640. The regal visitation of 1615 returns the vicarage as of the value of twenty marks, and states that John Credland was then its vicar. In 1616 Nicholas Lord Howth died seised of one messuage and fourteen acres here, two messuages and eighty-five acres in Whitston, &c.,j' which continue in his descendant. At the time of the visitation of 1639, Thomas Seele, who was afterwards Dean of St. Patrick's, filled the cures of Coolock and Ratheny, and so continued to do down to 1648. In 1673 James Lord Santry died seised in free and common Inquis, in Cane. Hib. 234 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. soccage of thirty acres in Coolock, and leaving Richard his son and heir.* — For notices of Coolock in 1682, see at " Feltrim," and in 1697 and 1732, see " Santry." In 1760 the church, then newly erected, was consecrated, the Rev. Smith Loftus being minister. In 1817 it was rebuilt, or rather enlarged, and in 1818 Mrs. Anne Preston, before men- tioned, left £100 to the minister and churchwardens of the parish of Coolock, to be laid out at interest, and the annual proceeds applied for the use of the poor of said parish. The minister states that this bequest '* is vested in 3J- per cent, stock, and the interest put amongst the other church collections, and accounted for ac- cordingly." In 1832 a society was formed here by Mr. Staunton, the proprie- tor of the Register newspaper, then and still resident at Moatfield within the parish, with the object of diverting from the ale-house the wages of the labourer's week, and establishing a fund for the relief and maintenance of the working people under the visitation of sickness, or want of employment. Persons paying one shilling per month were constituted members, not, however, to be entitled to the benefit of the fund, until such weekly payments amounted to one pound. As character, however, is an essential qualification to admission, so is it also to continuance in the fraternity ; and any member, whose viciousness has been marked by conviction in a court of justice, or been otherwise established, is in minor in- stances fined, and in more aggravated cases, solemnly expelled. The allowance to a sick member is 7s. per week, and to one un- employed 5*. per week, while every member is empowered to bequeath £5 at his decease out of the funds, and to have his fune- ral expenses defrayed by the society. In consequence of the in- crease of its members, and the accumulation of the deposits, which were regularly lodged in a savings' bank, this institution has added to its objects, that of a loan fund for the necessities of its indus- trious members ; and under the influence of all these charitable exertions, this village has grown into comfort and morality. It is now further proposed, on the principle of the Monts de Piete, to accept any voluntary deposits, giving an interest of 3 per cent, for same, such investments to be afterwards lent out to the members Inquis. in Cane. Hib. ARTANE. 235 of the society at £5 per cent., the profit to be of course appro- priated to the definite objects of the institution. This society at present comprises about three hundred members, principally of the class of agricultural labourers. There is, also, a little library fur- nished with fitting books upheld by the society, and lent out under the direction of a managing committee. A very pretty cross-road leads from Coolock by the church to Ratheny, pursuing the course of a little rivulet, which, winding in a valley at right through Brookville, the handsome seat of Mr. Law, and Edenmore, that of Mr. M' Conchy, glides by the church of Ratheny, as before mentioned, into the sea. The botany of Coolock exhibits lathyrus praten- sis, yellow meadow vetchling ; vicia cracca, tufted vetch ; senecio tenuifolius, hoary ragwort ; bromus erectus, upright brome-grass ; lolium perenne, ray grass. — In the watery places, epilobium parviflorum, small flowered willow herb. — On the old ditches, cornus sanguinea, dog wood ; rosa arvensis, white trailing dog rose ; ranunculus hederaceus, ivy crow- foot ; centaurea scabiosa, greater knapweed ; while, in and on the ditches of a cross-road that leads hence to Santry, are found scabiosa arvensis, field scabious; myosotis palustris, forget-me-not; alisma ranuncu- loides, lesser water plantain ; verbena officinalis, ver- vain ; origanum vulgar e, common marjoram, and a variety of the centaurea nigra, black knapweed with white flowers. ARTANE, the next locality, more anciently called Tartaine, was a chapelry, dedicated to St. Nicholas, and subservient 23G COUNTY OF DUBLIN. to the church of Finglas.* In the Catholic arrange- ment it is annexed to the parish of Clontarf. It com- prises 953a. 2r. 8p. in two townlands ; and its popu- lation (in 1831) was stated as 583 persons. Some inconsiderable ruins of the ancient church survive the desecration, that has appropriated its prin- cipal materials to the construction of a modern edifice. Within the mouldering fragments is a tombstone to Elizabeth, the daughter of John Talbot, of Malahidc, and wife of Christopher Hollywood, who died in 1 71 1 > and to said Christopher, who died in 1718; while be- side it is a sarcophagus, without date, to Richard Co- nolly, Esq. of Elm Park. A barbarism, even greater than that which dilapidated the church, is observable in the shameless evidences of premature resurrections which the graveyard exhibits. Artane was for centuries the estate of the family of Holly- wood, or " de Sacro Bosco for particulars of whom see post, at " Hollywood." It seems to have been acquired by them in the fourteenth century, when Robert de Hollywood, one of the Re- membrancers, and afterwards a Baron of the Exchequer, paid forty shillings for a license to acquire certain lands and tenements in Ireland. In 1416 the king committed to Philip Charles and others the custody of Artane and all the other lands of which Christopher Hollywood died seised in Ireland, and which were then in the king's hands, according to the law of wardship, by reason of the minority of Robert, said Christopher's son and heir. In 1420 a similar grant passed to Richard Fitz Eustace, knight, of the custody of two parts of all the manors, &c. of said Christo- pher ; and which are therein described as lying in the counties of * Repert. Viride. ARTANE. 237 Dublin, Meath, and Louth, and continuing in the king's hands by reason of the minority of said Robert. In 1435 said Robert having died, leaving three daughters mi- nors, the crown again became entitled to the possession of two- thirds of the manor of Artane, the other third being assigned for the widow's dower : and accordingly granted the custody thereof during their minority to their uncle.* On the marriage of one of those daughters with Robert Burnell, of Balgriffin, her proportion of the estate passed into that family.f In 1533 John Allen, Archbishop of Dublin, when intending to fly from the resentment of Thomas Fitzgerald, then in rebellion against King Henry, took boat from Dublin, but his little bark was driven on shore by contrary winds near Clontarf, whence he sought shelter in Artane, but being discovered, was dragged from his bed, and inhumanly murdered. The spot, where this deed was perpe- trated, is recorded to have been for a long time hedged in, over- grown with weeds, and unfrequented. This ill-fated prelate was the pupil of Wolsey, and trained up by him in political intrigue. He had served his ambitious patron as judge in his legatine court with an assiduity and attention neither upright nor honourable ; and, though accused of misdemeanor, and dismissed from this office, he was still protected by the cardinal, and proved his useful and active agent in the suppression of monasteries. The jealousy of Gardiner, however, affected his removal to Ireland, where his adoption of his patron's prejudices against the Geraldines led to his destruction. — About the same time Richard Delahoyde and Tho- mas Howth, of Artane, had a grant, in consideration of 120 marks of silver, of all the hereditaments and possessions which the then late Thomas Hollywood held of the crown, in capite, during the minority of Nicholas, son and heir of said Thomas ; also the ward- ship and marriage of said Nicholas. Immediately after this event, Artane became the residence of Thomas Howth, alias St. Law- rence, a saving of whose rights is contained in the act of absentees of 1537. In 1539, the Prior of Kilmainham granted to Thomas Howth, * Rot. Pat. 13 Hen. VI. in Cane. Hib. t Rot. Claus. 19 Hen. VI. in Cane. Hib. 238 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of Artane, for his good counsel already given, and to be given, an annuity of twenty shillings ; while the Prior of Great Conall assigned to him a similar annuity, as did also the Abbot of Clonard, and the Prior of Ballybogan. At the dissolution, the tithes of Artane townland, with the al- tarages, were valued at £8, besides the curate's stipend, and the repairs of the chancel. About this time, according to the report of the Dunsany Bar ronage, Elizabeth, the wife of Nicholas Hollywood, of Artane, and the heiress general of the first Baron of Dunsany, was passed over on the death of her father, and the peerage enjoyed by her uncle. In 1587 Nicholas Hollywood was seised of the manor and lands, &c. of Artane, containing one castle, six messuages, and 190 acres of land, held of the king, in capite, by knight's service, and died seised thereof in 1629. This tract was valued on surve\ in 1663, at 14s. per acre.* For a notice in 1627, see at " Hollywood." In 1641 Luke Netterville, son of Lord Netterville, at the head of a body of roy- alists, possessed himself of the castle of Artane, and placed a gar- rison in it without opposition, Christopher Hollywood being one of his adherents. This Christopher was afterwards one of the confederate Catholics who sat at Kilkenny. At the Court of Claims consequent upon the forfeitures of 1641, John Hollywood, in relation to the attainder of Nicholas Hollywood, established his title in tail male to the manors of Ar- tane, otherwise Tartaine (then computed as 244 acres), and great Hollywoods, in Santry, with divers other lands in the counties of Dublin, Meath, and Wexford, with remainder to the crown on failure of his issue male. This John was one of the signers of the Roman Catholic Remonstrance. In 1680 his Majesty granted his said estates to Sir Arthur Forbes, one of the commissioners of the Court of Claims, to hold to him and his heirs for a term of 1000 years, at the yearly rent of three pence per acre, to com- mence from the expiration of Hollywood's interest. In 1697 the Rev. Mr. Cahill or Kale was returned as the Ro- man Catholic Priest serving this parish, and resident at Mr. Hol- * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. KILLESTER. 239 lywood's. He was also parish priest of Clontarf, Santry, and Coo- lock. For a notice of Artane in 1732, see " Santry." In and previous to the year 1748, Artane, by the failure of the male line of John Hollywood, had vested in the Earl of Granard, under the grant of 1680, to his ancestor, Sir Arthur Forbes. The manor is at present the property of Lord Maryborough, an absen- tee, who receives from £4 to £8 per acre out of it. In 1832 Matthew Boyle, Esq., bequeathed £10 per annum for thirty-one years, towards the support of the master and mis- tress of the school here, which has since placed itself in connexion with the National Board, from whom it receives £25 per annum additional. The number of its pupils was in 1834, 140. Passing Artane, a road turns at left to KILLESTER, anciently called Quillestra, a curacy united to Clon- tarf in both the Catholic and Protestant arrangements, extending over 279a. 1r. 15p., comprised in the sin- gle denomination of Killester. Its tithes are payable to the economy of Christ Church. Its population in 1831 was 113 persons, of whom 86 were Roman Ca- tholics. Within this townland may be traced, in the upper beds of limestone, impressions of organized bodies, but so obscure, that nothing more than their vege- table nature can be inferred. The ruins of the chapel, which was one of those appendant to the church of Swords, exhibit two large gables and windows, with broken connecting walls, all thickly invested with ivy, enclosing and enclosed with elder trees. It was dedicated to St. Brigid, the virgin abbess, who was born at Foghart near 240 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Dundalk, in the sixth century. She is otherwise called St. Bride, and is considered as the general patroness of Ireland, her festival being observed on the first of February. Here is a handsome seat, once the residence of Viscount Newcomen, now the property of General Luscombe. Its gardens were formerly much ad- mired. The hall is spacious, the reception-rooms good, and the demesne tastily laid out, displaying fine vistas of the bay and its southern shores, some winding wooded walks, and one straight arcade still termed " the nuns' walk." At the time of the English invasion the prior of Christ Church was seised of the chapel, tithes, and lands of Killester ; the latter he demised in 1174 to Andrew Browne, (one of the early adven- turers who came in the suite of Henry the Second,) reserving thereout annually, on the feast of St. Michael, forty pence ster- ling and a pair of slippers. This interest was confirmed to the heir of said Andrew, on his paying yearly on the altar of Christ Church half an ounce of gold and a pair of boots for the prior, to- gether with the tithes of that land, and all other lands he might acquire.* In 1178 Archbishop O' Toole confirmed the right of Christ Church herein. In 1186 a bull of Pope Urban specifies Killester as of the pos- sessions of Christ Church, and in 1240 it was confirmed, with all its appurtenances and tithes, by Archbishop Luke, to that esta- blishment. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the Whites were th proprietors of this locality under the dean and chapter of Christ Church ;f and in 1373 Richard White, as Lord of Killester, was summoned to a great council. J From them it passed to the Lords * Regist. Christ Church. t Rot. 46 Edw. III. in Cane. Hib. t Rolls in Cane. Hib. DONNYCARNEY. 241 of Howth, and accordingly a record of 1526 states that Lord Howth then held the manor of Killester from the priory of Christ Church, at the yearly rent of 3s. 4c?. Some time previous to this, the chapelry had become one of the five subservient to Swords. For a notice in 1538, see at " Killbarrock." In 1547 the great tithes of this parish were valued at £13 6s. 8c?., and were so de- mised.* In 1593 Lord Howth demised to Patrick Taylor of Coolock, the town and lands of Killester, 140a. for sixty-one years, at the yearly rent of £23 English. For a further notice in this year see ante the memoir of " The Family of St. Lawrence." An inquisition of 1621 finds that Nicholas, Baron of Howth, died in 1606 seised of Killester, three messuages, and seventy-two acres, &c. Chidley Coote, second son of Sir Charles Coote, the repub- lican general, subsequently resided and died here, and bequeathed the estate of Killester to increase the jointure of his wife Anne. His interest was, however, derived from that of the Lord of Howth, in whose descendants the fee still continues. For notices in 1697, see at " Clonmethan," and in 1732, at " Santry f and for an ac- count of the Loan Fund Society established here in 1833, see at " Clontarf." Returning to the Coolock road the hamlet of DONNYCARNEY interposes itself in the approach to the city. It is the property of the corporation of Dublin, under whom the Earl of Charlemont holds it at the yearly rent of £885. The corporation acquired it on the dissolution of the priory of All Hallows, to whom it appertained from time immemorial, as having been one of the townlands given by Dermot Mac Murrough * Inquis. 38 Hen. VIII. 242 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. in the twelfth century for the founding of that establishment. (See ante at Beldoyle.) In 1184 King Henry the Second confirmed the right of All Hallows to this denomination, and, at the time of the dissolution, the prior of that house was found seised of a messuage, five cot- tages, one hundred and twenty acres of arable land, six of mea- dow, sixteen of pasture, and two of copse here.* In 1653 William Basil, who had been the Irish attorney-general previous to Cromwell's usurpation, and continued so during the Protectorate, acquired, by reason of his situation and some discre- ditable services, a large property, including Donnycarney, which he obtained as a bribe, and on which he resided for some time. A considerable portion of these properties was reclaimed by the legal owners on the Restoration, Donnycarney reverting to the corpora- tion of Dublin, who are still the proprietors of the fee. Martin Basil, a descendant of the said William, was, however, resident here in 1688, and was one of those attainted in King James's par- liament, as was also William Basil. A retired, pretty road leads from Donnycarney, skirting Lord Charlemont's wood at the left, to the old mansion of Hartfield, with its embattled walls ; thence, leaving Sion Hill at left, and Highgate and Drumcondra House at right, it turns into Richmond, where is a convent for nuns of the order of St. Do- minick,f who support a female charity school, at which ninety children are educated. Hence the tourist returns into the city by the village through which he emerged, at Ballybough Bridge. At Richmond the botanist will observe solamnn nigrum, garden nightshade ; erysimum alliaria, Jack of the hedge; and by the river side, galanthus ni- * Inquis. xxx. Hen. VIII. in Ch. Rememb. Office, t See of this order at " Oxmantown." RICHMOND. 243 valis, snow-drop, the summer harbinger, of which Darwin writes — " Warm with sweet blushes bright Galantha glows, And prints with frolic steps the melting snows ; Chides with her dulcet voice the tardy spring, Bids slumbering zephyr stretch his folded wing, Wakes the hoarse cuckoo in his gloomy cave, And calls the wondering dormouse from his grave : Bids the mute redbreast cheer the budding grove, And plaintive ringdove tune her notes to love." R 2 244 THE SECOND EXCURSION, conducts the tourist through the suburb of CLONLIFFE, a townland, which derived its name, i. e. the plain of the Liffey, from its contiguity to the course of that river, which it bounded to the immediate vicinity of Oxmantown. Henry the Second, while in Ireland, granted, or it would ra- ther appear confirmed, this denomination to the Cistercian abbey of the Blessed Virgin. The religious order of the Cistercians was founded towards the latter part of the eleventh century, by Robert, Abbot of Mo- leme in Burgundy, who, being unable to introduce his rules in his own monastery, retired with a few chosen monks to Citeaux, in the diocese of Chalons. This order, there by him established, soon acquired great eminence ; and, in the next century, under the care and labours of the illustrious St. Bernard, Abbot of Clairval, surpassed even the monks of Clugni in their reputation for sanctity and virtue, and, in consequence of the great improve- ment received from his discipline, the fraternity was distinguished in France and Germany by the title of Bernardin monks. The fundamental law of the order was the rule of St. Bene- dict, to which were added many other regulations and injunctions of the severest kinds, for the purpose of maintaining its authority, and enforcing its observance. They are said to have neither worn skins nor any kind of shirts, and to have eaten no flesh, except in sickness, to have abstained also from fish, eggs, milk, and cheese, and to have lain upon straw beds in their tunics and cowls. They CLONLIFFE. 245 always rose at midnight to prayers, and spent the day in labour, reading and prayer, observing in all their exercises a continual silence. The habit of a Cistercian monk is a white robe in the form of a cassock, with a black scapulary and hood, and he is girt with a wooden girdle. The nuns of the order wear a white tunic with black scapulary and girdle. At the time of their dissolution they had forty-two religious establishments in Ireland, two of which were nunneries. About the year 1185, John Earl of Morton granted to the above abbey a charter of confirmation of the lands of Clonliffe, in which the abbey itself was stated to be situated, together with the chapel of Clonliffe. This locality lay, consequently, beyond the bounds of the city jurisdiction and charters. For notices in 1376, see at " Ballvbough," and in 1461, see at " Kilmainham." ClonlirFe continued to be part of the possessions of the abbey of the Blessed Virgin down to the time of the dissolution, when, by inquisition of 1541, the abbot of that house was found seised of a messuage, 123a. of arable, 8a. of meadow, and 10a. of pas- ture lands in the Grange here, annual value £7 6s. 2d., and a mill with the watercourse, annual value 40*. His rights having there- upon vested in the crown, a small portion thereof was granted to James Earl of Desmond in tail male, same being, as the record states, " reputed parcel of the demesne lands" of said monastery. For a notice in 1602, see " Dalkey." In 1610 Henry King had a grant of the estates of St. Marj&s abbey here. In 1614, however, Garrett Viscount Moore was seised of the Grange of Clonliffe, fifteen messuages, fifteen gar- dens, 260a. arable and pasture, and 80a. of briars,* for which, together with the above-mentioned water-mill and water-course, he passed patent in 1618, and again in 1640. The lordship of St. Mary's abbey, and the Grange of Clonliffe subsequently vested in the Gardiner family, and were the object of sundry private acts of parliament, legalizing settlements, leases, and charges thereof. That family, since ennobled in the person of Lord Mountjoy, now Earl of Blessington, still continue pro- Rot, in Cane. Hib. 246 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. prietors of Clonliffc, the general rent of which (building ground excepted) is about £10 per acre. Hence, crossing the Tolka, the road traverses DRUMCONDRA, a village of some interesting associations. The church, the first object of attention, is a plain edifice, standing on a swelling ground. It was erected by a sister of Doctor Marmaduke Coghill, and con- tains within it a very handsome monument to his me- mory. He had been Judge of the Prerogative Court, afterwards a privy councillor, chancellor of the ex- chequer, commissioner of the revenue, and represen- tative of the University of Dublin in the Irish parlia- ment. It is the only memorial in the church, and represents him sitting in his robes as Chancellor of the Exchequer, while, with a curious impartiality towards Paganism and Christianity, the sculptor has placed at his right hand the statue of Minerva, and at his left that of religion, both in white marble. Sir Marma- duke was born in Dublin in 1673, and died in 1738. A long inscription gives the chronology of his life and his pedigree from the Coghills of Coghill Hall, in Yorkshire. The surrounding cemetery is crowded with the forgotten multitudes of ages, mouldering into one mass. The ambition for preeminence, even in the grave, labours to exalt the mausoleum of the world's minions above the sod of the peasant ; but a few years over, and the very monuments crumble into the clay they were DRUMCONDUA. 247 erected to commemorate and distinguish. There are, however, some sacred relics in this home of the dead, of which an Irish historian cannot be unmindful. Here, in 179U were deposited the remains of Francis Grose, the antiquarian. He was the son of Mr. Francis Grose, of Richmond, the jeweller who fitted up the crown of George the Second, and died in 1769. The antiquarian was born in 1731, and early in life entered the Surrey Militia, of which he became Adjutant and Paymaster. His extravagance, or ra- ther improvidence, obliged him to resort to other pursuits ; and, commencing with the antiquities of England and Wales, and afterwards those of Scotland, he ultimately designed, in 1791? the illustration of Ireland, but died in the onset, in Dublin, of an apoplectic fit. It was to him, while engaged in his labours in Scotland, that Burns alluded in the well- known lines, " A chiel's amang you taking notes, And faith he'll prent it." Near Grose was buried, in 1827* Thomas Furlong, a young man, whose talents, in any other country, would have gained a high reputation. He was one of the principal translators engaged in that national com- pilation of Mr. Hardiman, " The Irish Ministrelsy." Here was likewise interred the celebrated actor, Tho- mas Ryder, who died at Sandymount, in 1791. In reference to the establishments for education, a union school formerly existed here, founded by Mr. George Purdon Drew, for children of every religious persuasion. It was opened in 1784, but has since 248 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ceased; as has also a Sunday school, designed for young sweeps. There is an existing seminary, how- ever, adapted for the education of 700 poor children of both sexes. It consists of two floors, which being inclined planes, the scholars are always under the su- perintendence and eyes of the masters. It is well warmed and ventilated. Xot more, however, than 164 were on its books when inspected for the objects of this work, (26th May, 1836.) Each pupil pays one penny per week, and no religious distinction is known in the establishment. The master's salary is £50 per annum, the mistress's £30, while a small annual sum, amounting to about £10, is distributed in premiums amongst the scholars. Of other charitable foundations a widows' alms house and a free school were founded here in 1820 by parochial subscription, and so maintained, but there are only eight widows now upon the foundation, and the free school has been discontinued. Here also is the Retreat, an asylum for the orphan and the widow, the homeless, the aged, and the infirm, under every species of unmerited distress. It was founded in 1814, and is extending its benefits under the charita- ble care of the Misses Kernan, who procure work for its inmates, the profits of which go to their mainte- nance and clothing, their lodging and education being gratuitously supplied. There are about twenty women and thirty children on its books. The large brick house here, called " Belvidere," has long been the residence of the Coghill family ; while that on the eastern side of the road was erected DRUMCONDRA. 249 by Primate Rokeby. Opposite the latter, on a by- road that leads into Richmond, is Mr. "Williams's seat, Drumcondra Castle, retaining only the name of the fortress that once existed here. At the commence- ment of this centurv there were four flour mills in Drumcondra, there is now but one on a very small scale, and a woollen factory which employs about seven grown persons and four children. The parish is otherwise called Clonturk, alias Kanturk, perhaps most correctly Clon-tolk, that is, the plain of the Tolka, and, the rectory being wholly impropriate in the corporation of Dublin, ranks as but a curacy in the deanery of Finglas, donative in the Coghill family. In the Catholic dispensation it is in the union of Clontarf. It extends over 1244a. Or. Hp., comprising seven denominations, and a popu- lation returned in 1834 as 2713 persons, of whom 1,926 were Roman Catholics. The corporation of Dublin, under the grant before alluded to of the possessions of All Hallows monastery, are the chief proprietors of the fee, which they have leased to va- rious tenants, exempt from the payment of tithes, at the annual rent of £1400. From the poorer occu- pying tenants an annual rent is reserved of from £5 to £7 per acre, the rent of a cabin being 2s. per week, while the wages of labour is &s. per week. " Clonturk" was one of the townlands given by Dermot Mac Murrough to his foundation of All Hallows (see ante, at " Bel- doyle,") and so subsequently confirmed by Henry the Second. In 1304 it was demised by the prior and convent of that house to John, the son of Thomas le Marshal, and soon afterwards the Symcock family were settled here. 250 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Archbishop Allen says that the priory of All Hallows, in his time, received here the tithes of three carucates of land, which they enjoyed without the endowment of a vicarage. He also stated that the church appertained to that religious fraternity, who were at the dissolution found seised of six messuages, six cottages, one hundred and fifty acres of land, four of meadow, thirteen of pas- ture, two of copse, three of underwood, and a dove-house here.f In the sixteenth century the residence of John de Bathe, at- torney general, and afterwards chancellor of the exchequer of Ire- land, was in Drumcondra, where his ancestors had been settled from a very early period. He had then a castle, six messuages, and sixty acres here, which he held by fealty only. The regal visitation of 1615 reported, that the church (which was dedicated to St. John the Baptist) was utterly ruinous and extinct, and without a curate. In 1646 Robert Bathe of Clonturk, was one of the confederate Catholics who sat at Kilkenny. In 1666 James Duke of York, had a grant of the castle, town, and lands of Drumcondra, 200 acres plantation measure, and in the following year Robert Helton passed patent for 323 acres sta- tute measure in Clonturk, to hold for the residue of a lease for ninety-nine years from 1623, made by the city of Dublin to John de Bathe. In 1700 Chichester Phillips claimed the benefit of a leasehold interest in part of the estate of King James the Second, for which he subsequently passed patent as 240 acres, and of which his heir. William Phillips, was seised in 1748, exempt from the payment of tithes. Drumcondra was afterwards the residence of Lord Chancellor Bowes. He was a native of England, but followed the profession of the law in this kingdom, and, having passed successively through the offices of solicitor general, attorney general, and lord chief baron, was, on the death of Lord Jocelyn, promoted to the peerag as Baron Bowes of Clonlyon, and subsequently appointed lor chancellor. On his death in 1767, the barony of Bowes of Clon- * Repert. Viride. t Inquis. xxx. Hen. VIII. in Ch. Rememb. Offic. DRUMCONDRA. 251 lyon became extinct. Drumcondra was immediately afterwards the residence of his successor on the woolsack, Lord Lifford, and subsequently of Primate Rokeby, as before mentioned. In this village was also the seat of the father of the celebrated Michael Kelly, while he was master of the ceremonies at the castle, and the scene of that actor's early life. At the close of the last century a number of tea houses were erected here for the recreation of the citizens, but the extension of the city in this direction encroached upon the gardens, and amuse- ment having degenerated into licentiousness and intemperance, as is too frequently the case in the popular diversions of Ireland, this resort was discouraged, and ultimately discontinued. In 1804 Sir William Gleadowe Newcomen bequeathed to the minister and churchwardens of this parish, (where his " honoured father and mother were buried,") and to their successors, a Royal Canal debenture for £100, then bearing interest at 6 per cent, in trust to apply said interest yearly in the purchase of bread and provisions for the poor of said parish. In 1811 the school, before alluded to as having been designed for seven hundred children, was founded here on a bequest of £5000, given by Miss Kellet of Fordstown, in the county Meath, for that purpose. In 1812 (Oct. 1) Mr. Sadler ascended hence in his balloon from Belvidere House at one o'clock, and in thirty-five minutes had sight of the mountains in Wales. He continued in the same direction until near three o'clock, when, being nearly over the Isle of Man, the wind blowing fresh, he found himself fast approaching the Welch coast, and at four o'clock had a distinct view of the Skerry lighthouse, and the prospect of consummating his ardent hopes of a speedy arrival in Liverpool. The wind, however, shift- ing, and night coming on, he precipitated himself into the sea, where, by his direction, a vessel having run her bowsprit through the balloon, he was extricated from the car, and taken on board. In 1817 the fine level road was formed through this village, amongst the improvements in the different avenues leading into Dublin, effected at the total expense of nearly £19,000, raised by public subscription for the employment of the poor. In the same year the Whitworth Fever Hospital was founded on the adjacent banks of the Royal Canal. 252 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. About this village the botanist will find avena Jla- vescens, yellow oat grass; lithospermum arvense, common gromwell ; anagallis arvensis, common scarlet pimpernel ; verbascum thapsus, great mullein ; papaver dubium, long smooth-headed poppy; sisym- brium Sophia, fine-leaved hedge mustard; geranium Pyrenaicum, mountain crane's bill ; fumaria offici- nalis, common fumitory; fumaria capreolata, climb- ing fumitory, flowering nearly the whole year, with the singular property of its leaves performing the office of tendrils or claspers, turning round whatever object they touch ; tussilago farfara, colt's foot ; ana- gallis mas, male red pimpernel. — On the old walls are seen gbjceria rigida, hard sweet grass; lolium perenne, ray grass ; antirrhinum majus, great snap- dragon; cheiranthus fruticulosos, wall flower. — In the waste grounds, carduus acanthoides, welted thistle ; euphorbia helioscopia, sun spurge ; urtica urens, small nettle, (it is to be observed of this plant, that the Osti- achs, in Siberia, in lieu of flax and hemp, use a kind of cloth made of nettles, for curtains, stuffs, and veils. The ashes of the nettle and thistle are also said to be the best among herbs for bleaching linen ;) atrijAex fja- ta/a,haibert-leaved orache ; atriplex angustijblia, nar- row-leaved orache. — In the fields, brassica campestris, wild naven ; sinapns arvensis, wild mustard ; crysan- themum segetum, corn marigold. It deserves remark, that the marigold was so called by the early botanists in the monastic gardens, from the circumstance of its being in blow at the times of all the festivals of the Blessed Virgin. — On the road sides are seen hor- 3ANTRY. 253 deiim murinum, wall barley; cardamine hirsuta, hairy lady's smock ; achiUea ptarmica, sneezewort, so called because the powder of its dried leaves, when used as snuff, provokes sneezing. The bachelor's button is a variety of this plant. — While in the moist grounds, between a cross road that leads hence to Glasnevin and the river Toika, grow spergula no- dosa, knotted spurrey ; cochlearia armor acea, horse radish ; trifolium fragiferum, strawberry trefoil ; py- rethrum Parthenium, common feverfew; carex pen- dula, pendulous sedge ; sagittaria sagittifolia, arrow head, a beautiful aquatic, flowering in August ; the bulb of this species, at the lower part of the root, is a principal part of the food of the Chinese, and is cul- tivated as such by them. The road from Drumcondra to Cloghran, thor ;h once the great northern avenue, is now neglected and uninviting. From the ascent to Highgate, however, a beautiful retrospective view of the city is presented, with all its steeples and domes, the Dublin and Wick- low mountains forming a line semicircular termina- tion. The first locality of importance on this line is SAN TRY, a village of a few cottages, with the s;lebe-house in the centre, a little off the street. The church is of an humble order, but neat in the interior, with a belfry of double aperture, accord- ing to the fashion of this part of the county. Within it is a fine mural slab of white marble to the memory 254 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of several members of the Domville family from the year 1807? also a monument commemorating various persons of the Jackson family, and another to the Rev. John Bowden, who died minister of this parish in 1776. In the grave-yard, just at the entrance, is a large horizontal stone, carved with ancient sculp- ture and armorials, intended to mislead inquiry as to the fate of Lord San try, who in reality? as mentioned hereafter, died in Italy. There is a school-house here for a few children, erected and partly maintained by the profit rent of the lands of Goulding's farm, containing forty acres, and held for 999 years, as devised by the Rev. Mr. Jackson. The Vicar of Santry for the time being is the trustee of this charity, out of which he pays £(> per annum to the master of the school. Wakefield states the annual income of this charity as £20, aris- ing out of twenty acres of land. About a mile and a half from this is Santry charter-school for boys, to which belong thirty-two acres of ground, held at a rent of £37 6s. ; the number on the establishment is at present about thirty-two, there being full accom- modation for one hundred and fifty. Sir Compton Domville is the lord of the fee of Santry, and is principally a resident there ; the rent charged by him to the occupying tenant averages from three to four guineas per acre on abatements allowed out of higher reserved rents. The grateful testimony of his tenantry is the best criterion that Sir Compton does not abuse this discretionary power, but, it may be remarked, that such is sometimes a SANTRY. 255 mistaken mode by which Irish landlords conceive they are serving their landholders ; instead of esta- blishing fair, permanent reductions of rent, they ver- bally profess to allow abatements, while the prices of agricultural produce continue depreciated, and the best of them are disposed during that interval to re- ceive the rent so abated ; but, if the tenant improves, or begins to look prosperous under this reasonable indulgence, the landlord too frequently considers he is then justified in proportionate exactions, even ulti- mately to the amount originally reserved. The ap- prehension of such a result clouds the prospective to the struggling tenant ; he becomes indolent and dispirited, wears out the heart of the ground, over- whelms himself with all the embarrassments of misma- nagement and improvidence, presents in his whole person and household an appearance of that squalid nature which annihilates self-respect, and finally plunges into all the guilty obliviousness of inebriety. The English feeling of lessening the rent of an im- proving tenant, it must be confessed, is utterly un- known in Ireland. The parish of Santry is in the deanery of Swords, and ranks as an entire rectory in the gift of the crown. It comprises 4726a. in seventeen townlands, and had a population in 1834 of 1101 persons, of whom 893 were Roman Catholics, the remainder Protestants. The extent of its rectorial and vicarial tithes has been defined by a parliamentary report of 1824. In the Catholic dispensation it is in the union of Clontarf. 256 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Immediately after the English invasion, Hugh de Lacy gave the lands of Santry, then accounted within his palatinate of Meath, to Adam de Phepoe, whose descendants long continued to inherit this place. In the middle of the fourteenth century it was demised by Johanna, the daughter of Francis de Phepoe, to Thomas Mare- ward,* afterwards Baron of Serine. In 1435 it is recorded as still of the possessions of the Phepoe family, the manor at that time extending over the lands of Ballymun, Shillok, little Bally- curry, Ballystrawan, &c.,f while, in several documents of the time, it gives its own name to the surrounding barony. Archbishop Allen states the church here as belonging in his time to the monks of St. Mary's near Dublin. It was dedicated to St. Pappan, of whom Hanmer writes, " There is at Santry, some three miles from Dublin, yearly remembrance of a holy man Pappan, that was born there; he travelled into France, builded there many monasteries, and preferred many men to govern them, became an abbot himself, and departed this life in 1038, and lieth buried at Stabuletum in France where he governed." It is pro- bable the locality was so named from having been the residence of the saint. On the dissolution, the rectory, with a manse and a glebe, an- nual value £14 12s. 0d., were found to be appropriate to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin,J and were in 1547 surrendered to the crown, by the last abbot of that house. The tithes are sub- ject to a port corn rent, for the nature of which, see " Ballybog- hill." In the sixteenth century the manor of Santry passed from the Marewards, who had previously acquired the fee, to William Nugent, the second son of Richard, eighth Baron of Delvin, who had married Janet, the daughter and heiress of Walter Mareward, Baron of Serine. James Nugent, the son of this marriage, was Marshal of the confederate Catholic army. * Rot. Pat. 49 Edw. III. in Cane. Hib. t Rot. Pat. 13 Hen. VI. in Cane. Hib. % Inquis. in Offic. Ch. Rememb., Dub. SANTRY'. 257 From the Nugents it was transmitted to the family of Barrv, and accordingly, in 1587, Robert Barnewall was found seised of sixty acres here, which, as the inquisition states, he held of Richard Barry by fealty.* For a notice in 1602, see " Dalkey." In 1609 the church was rebuilt, and became the burial-place of many members of the families of Barn,- and Domville. For a notice in 1611, see at " Cloghran." The regal visitation of 1615 states William Savage to be then minister of Santry, and that the church was in good repair, but the chancel in ruins. In 1617, Richard Wiberow was promoted by the crown to the vicarage. In 1629 Andrew Goulding died seised in tail male of two messuages and forty acres here, which he held from Richard Barry by fealty.f Nicholas Hollywood was at the same time seised by similar tenure of sixty acres. J In 1641, Luke Netterville and his adherents of the Pale hav- ing retreated to Swords, one of Sir Charles Coote's acts of habitual atrocity was exercised here, in the burning of the village, and the slaughter of some rioters, as Leland adds, " without distinction of the innocent and criminal." The remonstrants thus described this transaction : " Some foot companies did march in the night, by the direction of the Lords Justices, to the town of Santry, in Fingal, three miles off Dublin ; a country that neither then, nor for the space of four or five hundred years before, did feel what troubles were, or war meant ; but it was too sweet and too near, and therefore fit to be forced to arms. In that town innocent husbandmen, some of them being Catholics, and some Protestants taken for Catholics, were murdered in their inn, and their heads carried triumphantly into Dublin. Next morning complaint being made of this, no redress was obtained therein." In 1653 Richard Barry, of Dublin, Alderman, was lord of this manor, as was recorded on the ancient bells of the church. He was afterwards Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and created Baron of Santry in 1660. For a notice of Santry immediately subsequent to this, and the rights of the Hollywood family therein, see " Artane." * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. t lb. % lb. S 258 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1673 the tithes of corn and hay of various townlands in this parish were granted to the Archbishop of Dublin and his succes- sors, in trust for the incumbent, subject to a rent of £6 per annum. In 1678, the king presented Daniel Jackson to the vicarage. In 1688 Richard Lord Baron of Santry was attainted in King James's parliament, as was also William Barry, of Santry. In 1697 the Rev. Richard Cahill was returned as parish priest of Santry and Coolock, and resident at Artane, " in the parish of Finglas." In 1706 the Rev. Mr. Jackson died incumbent of this parish. It is remarkable, that while his father preceded, his son succeeded him in this living. The latter held it until his death in 1751, and was one of the legatees of the celebrated Dean Swift, who be- queathed to him all his horses and mares, and all his horse furni- ture ; "lamenting," he adds, " that I had not credit enough with any chief governor (since the change of times) to get some addi- tional preferment for so virtuous and worthy a gentleman. I also leave him my third best beaver hat." In 1732 died Nicholas Gernon, parish priest of Santry, where- upon Andrew Tuite was ordained his successor, by Doctor Luke Pagan, then Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, who, pro hdc vice, united to this the parishes of Coolock, Clontarf, Drumcondra, Ratheny, Killester, Artane, and Glasnevin. In 1738 the nobleman before alluded to, who inherited the title of Santry with this locality, forfeited his rank by the murder of one of his own servants. He was at the close of this year in- dicted and convicted for the offence ; but his life was saved by a stratagem of his uncle, Sir Compton Domville, who being proprie- tor of Templeogue, from which Dublin was at the time exclusively supplied with water, when all interest and intercession failed, avowed his determination to withhold that necessary element, if the last sentence of the law were enforced against his nephew. The threat was effective, and the prisoner's escape connived at. He subsequently died in Italy, whereupon Sir Compton succeeded to his estates. In 1744 the charter-school was opened here for sixty girls, and was endowed with £50 per annum by the corporation of Dublin. The late Right Honourable Luke Gardiner gave one SAN TRY. 25 I acre of land, rent free in perpetuity for its use, and thirty acres more at £13*. per annum for 999 years, while Primate Boulter expended above £400 on its erection. In 1749 the kin? presented Middleton Cornyn to the il vicar- age" of Santry. In 1776 the Rev. John Borden died rector of this parish, and was succeeded by the Honourable and Reverend James Hewitt. On his death in the following year. Thomas Hastings was promoted to the benefice, and he was succeeded in 1781 by Doctor Thomas Smyth, all these preferments having oc- curred on royal presentation. In 1794 the aforesaid Doctor Smyth had a grant of the recto- rial tithes of the parish, from the commissioners of his Majesty's revenue, during his incumbency, at the annual rent of £'25. The fee of Santry, has, within the present century, passed to the Scottish family of Pocklington, and in 1815 its present possessor. Sir Compton Pocklington Domville. was created a ba- ronet, his father having, by royal license, assumed the name and arms of his maternal uncle. After passing through the village, and resuming the northern road, the ancient mansion-house presents itself. It is a square and spacious brick building, of the "olden" architecture with finishings of stone. The principal apartments are of ample dimensions, and contain some fine family portraits. The demesne is adorned with a spacious pond, and some fine old trees, and surrounded by a tall, massy, ivied wall, that could full many a tale unfold of deeds of nightly crime, perpetrated from its covert on the unguard- ed traveller, in the ages of a less efficient police. The echoes, however, that had been once busied with the shrill whistles of these lawless wood-rangers, were now welcomely responsive to the long and varied harmony of the frequent thrushes. In reference to its botanic habitats there are a 2 260 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. found here aim ceespitosa, turfy hair grass ; melica coeridea, purple melic grass ; bromus erectus, upright brome grass; lolium perenne, ray grass; triticum re- pens, couch grass, that test of badly cultivated or ne- glected farms ; cardamine hirsuta, hairy ladies* smock; latlujrus pratensis, yellow meadow vetchling ; senecio tenuifolius, hoary ragwort ; orchis viridis, frog or- chis ; bimium Jle.x uosum, pig-nut ; luciola campestris, field wood -rush ; chlora perfolkUa, perfoliate yellow- wort ; rosa arvensis, white trailing dog rose ; tor- ment ilia reptans, trailing tormentil. — In the woods, festuca gigantea, tall fescue grass, a coarse grass, af- fording little nutrition to cattle, but its seeds are freely eaten by birds, and this appears to be its chief use ; festuca syhatica, slender wood fescue grass ; ulmus saberosciy cork-barked elm ; sanicuta Euro- peed, wood sanicle ; viburnum opjulus, guelder rose ; sambucus nigra, common elder, a neglected but va- luable tree in all its component parts — a magazine of physic to rustic practitioners, and whose berries make an excellent domestic wine. It is also said, that if fruit-trees, flowering shrubs, corn, or other vegeta- bles, be whipped with the green leaves of the elder branches, insects will not attach to them. An infu- sion of these leaves is good to sprinkle over rose-buds and other flowers subject to blights and the devasta- tions of caterpillars. The wood of the old trees is so hard, and takes so fine a polish, that it is often used as a substitute for the box-tree. From its toughness, it suits for the tops of fishing-rods, needles for weaving nets, &c. ; while the Romans, according to Pliny, SANTRY. 26 i made pipes and trumpets of it. There are also found here various species of mushroom, as agaricus clavus, agaricus plicatilis, agaricus campanulatus ; chrysos- plenium oppositifolium, opposite-leaved golden saxi- frage ; oxalis acetosella, wood sorrel ; agrimonia eupatoria, agrimony ; prunus spinosa, sloe, or black thorn ; rubus Idceus, raspberry, deriving its classic ap- pellation of Idseus, from its frequency on Mount Ida; fragaria vesca, strawberry ; geum urbanum, common avens ; tilia Europcea, common lime tree ; anemone nemorosa, wood anemone, whose blossoms in line clear weather expand to the sun, but in the evening, or wet weather, are closed, and hang down : it is, however, in some degree poisonous, and has been used in dye- ing ; ranunculus auricomus, goldilocks ; ajuga reptans, common bugle ; scrophularia nodosa, knotted fig- wort ; carejc pendula, pendulous sedge ; carex re- Quota, remote sedge ; polypodium aculeatum, prickly polypody ; hypnum cuspndatum, pointed hypnum. — In the watery places, epilobium parmjlorum, small- flowered willow herb ; geum rivale, water avens, the rich combination of whose dark-green wrinkled leaves, with the glowing red-brown of the stem and calyx, and singularly delicate colours of the petals, added to the graceful position of the flowers, render it one of the most picturesque of our native plants ; ranuncu- lus flammula, lesser speerwort crowfoot; stachys pa- lustris, marsh woundwort; hypericum quadr unguium, square St. John's-wort; hypericum perforatum, per- forated St. John's-wort ; Meracium paludosum, suc- cory-leaved hawkweed; cnicus palustris, marsh plume 262 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. thistle ; listera ovata, common tvvay blade ; carex in- termedia, soft sedge ; carex pendula, pendulous sedge. — In the meadows, orchis maculata, spotted palmate orchis ; agaricus eburneus, a species of mush- room, so called, because it has in every state the ap- pearance of ivory. — By the ditches, Valeriana offici- nalis, great wild valerian, of the scent of whose root cats are said to be very fond, and to seem intoxicated by it ; eleocharis palustris, creeping spike-rush ; cen- taurea scabiosa, greater knapweed ; smyrnium olusa- trum, Alexanders ; ranunculus hederaceus, ivy crow- foot ; onentha hirsilta, hairy mint. — In the hedges, lonicera periclymenum, common honeysuckle ; vicia septum, common bush vetch, a vetch whose nutritive matter consists almost entirely of mucilage and sugar ; the latter, which exists in the nutritive matter of the leaves of all grasses, holds in this species a less pro- portion ; hypericum androscemum, tutsal; hypericum liirsutum, hairy St. John's- wort ; and on the trunks of the trees, lichen olivaceus, olive lichen. Before reaching Tubber-Bunny, the next locality of any note, a more northerly road shoots out at left by Corbally, anciently the fee of the Hollywood fa- mily, and held by the Plunketts and Nugents succes- sively under them, as of the manor of Hollywood. It was a residence of the de la Hoyde family, in the sixteenth and the early part of the seventeenth cen- tury. They were also proprietors in free and com- mon soccage of half the townland.* The fee of the whole afterwards passed to Alderman Richard * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. TOBBEil-BUNNY. 263 Barry, before mentioned as proprietor of Santrv, who died in 1686, seised thereof in free and common soc- cage. Xear the house is a grotesque castellated lodge. This road afterwards passes into the townland of Forest, no longer exhibiting those trees of growth that gave it that denomination, but gay with groves of lilac and laburnum, and shaded with hawthorns of every variety. The fields too (12th June) pre- senting the loveliest carpet of variegated vegetation, the richest green ground spangled with red and white clover, daisies, primroses, and crowfoot, in their gay* est attire ; while over all the most elegant and bril- liantly coloured of native birds, the goldfinches, were pouring their cheerful songs, and the robins were ex- ulting in the sacred safety which in this country they are welcome to enjoy. TOBBER-BUXXY, otherwise Dardistown, succeeds ; signifying in Eng- lish, "the well of milk;" and so called from a spring there of peculiar softness, which was analyzed by Dr. Rutty, and is by him stated to be impregnated with a small quantity of an alkaline salt, combined with a calcareous matter and a pittance of sulphur. Here is a little village of scattered houses, " few and far be- tween." The Taylors were in the fourteenth century pos- sessed of a great part of this denomination, of which Richard Foster obtained a grant after the forfeitures of 1641. 264. COUNTY OF DUBLIN. CLOGHRAN, the next locality, is a rectory in the deanery of Swords, and from an early period appropriated to the econo- my of St. Patrick's. It extends over 1579a., 3r., 34p., comprised in four tovvnlands, with a population, re- turned in 1831 as 541 persons, of whom 475 were Roman Catholics. Its tithes have been compounded for at £184 12s. 3d., per annum. Mr. Foster, an absentee, is the chief proprietor in the parish. Land within it is let at from £3 to £4 per acre, the wages of labour being, to those constantly employed seven shillings per week, to occasional labourers eight shil- lings. The church is situated on the high, stony steep that seems to have suggested tne name of this Irish oo denomination, commanding most extensive prospects. Its belfry rises from the gable, and has three perfora- tions. Near it is the glebe house, with four acres of glebe attached, for the purchase of which the Board of First Fruits gave £400 in 1809, and contributed a like sum for building the glebe house, exclusive of a loan of £392, for the latter purpose. In the hollow, at the foot of the rock on which the church was built, a vein of lead and copper ores has been discovered, and worked for a short time. Beside it runs a little rivulet, the same that washes Kinsaly, and empties itself into the sea below Port- marnock. The church appears to have been dedicated to St. Doulogh, the CLOGHRAX, 2()o son of Amalgad, whose festival is kept on the 17th of November. At a remote period it was enumerated amongst the dependencies of Swords, and, even in the time of Archbishop Allen, the vicar of Swords enjoyed the right of sepulture of all persons dying in this parish.* It was commonly called " Cloghran-Swords," to dis- tinguish it from Cloghran by Hiddart, hereafter mentioned. In the time of Henry the Second, according to Hanmer, Biryd, the son of Owen Gwynneth, Prince of Wales, was Lord of Clogh- ran, and it does appear by a close roll in the Tower of London, that in 1222 Richard styled of " Wales" gave homage, fealty, and relief to the king for six carucates of land, with the appurtenances, in Cloghran and Ballybren. In a roll of 1224 this Welch proprietor is again recognized, but he is there named Roderick. He had also the advowson of the church of Cloghran, which was in 1294 rated to the First Fruits as a distinct church, at four marks yearly. In the earlier part of the fourteenth century the Staunton family were the proprietors of this denomination, one of them, Thomas Staunton, having married Johanna, a descendant of the before-mentioned Welchman, and having sot ms title confirmed ' DO by grant from Robert de Vere, Marquis of Dublin. Accordingly in 1387, Thomas Staunton and Johanna his wife, had license to lease one messuage and one hundred and forty acres here for lives, reserving, therefore, for the first thirteen years, the service of a rose on St. John's day, and an acreable rent of two shillings for every ensuing year.* A scion of this ancient Norman family, it may be remarked, was transplanted to Cork in the year 1310, whence it immediately extended itself into Connaught. Later in the four- teenth century it was a name of tenure in this county and in Kil- dare ; in the fifteenth the Stauntons were of high consequence in the counties of Meath and in the sixteenth and seventeenth are found in the counties of Clare, Kerry, Kilkenny, and Galway. At the close of the fourteenth century Cloghran passed from their pos- session to the Taylors, and accordingly in 1399, William Taylor, chaplain, assigned all his rights in one hundred and forty acres of this townland, one hundred and eighty acres in Corbally and Repertorium Viride. t Rot. in Cane. Hib. 266 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Toberbunny, parcel of the manor of Cloghran, to trustees for cer- tain terms and uses, with reversion to himself. He afterwards conveyed this property absolutely to the Hollywoods. Archbishop Allen, in the Repertorium Viride, states this rec- tory as of the patronage of " the heirs of Hollywood, to wit, Barne- wall and Nugent jointly and not alternately but adds, that the vicar of Swords had the sepulture of all dying within this parish. For more particular information as to the rights of that vicar, see " Swords," ad ann. 1489. In 1539 the rectory of Cloghran was rated to the First Fruits at £10 Os. Id. Irish, while an inquisition of 1547 defines the ex- tent and value of the economy tithes here, which in 1583 the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's demised as " the tithes of corn, hay, and furze of Cloghran-Swords," for sixty-one years, at the annual rent of £2 6s. 8d. In 1611 Christopher Nugent had a grant of one hundred and seven acres here, and other premises, sixty-eight acres in Curragh, sixty-eight acres in the Rath of Killossery, six acres near Santry, twenty acres near Coolock wood, &c, all being parcel of the estate of John Burnell attainted. In 1614 Christopher Seagerson and Walter Archbold were seised of a moiety of the town and lands of Cloghran, containing four messuages and one hundred and forty acres, which they held of the king in capite, by knight's service.* Archbold's portion was forfeited by his heir, Rowland Archbold, in 1641. The regal visitation of 1615 reports the annual value of this church as £24, and that its minister was James Keegan. In 1617 Nicholas Meyler was promoted by the crown to the rectory, as was Alexander Hatfield in 1640. In 1668 the tithes of Kilbride, Ballymore, and Cloghran- Swords, were demised for twenty-one years, at the annual rent of £6. In 1669 Arthur, Viscount Ranelagh, died seised in free and common soccage of half Cloghran, defined as containing 190a. 2r. 20p., the other moiety being, it would appear, then vested in Richard Barry, who died seised thereof by similar tenure in 1686. * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. CLOGHRAN. 267 In 1674 the king presented Michael Hewetson to the rectories of Cloghran and Swords, in which he was succeeded by Garrett Barry in 1680, and this latter by Henry Scardeville in 1681. In 1685 the tithes of Cloghran were reported to be of the yearly value of £3, and in 1705 of £5 per annum. For a notice at 1697, see "Swords." In 1710 the king presented Richard Bambrick to this rectory, in 1723 promoted John Wynne to the same, as also the following successive incumbents: — Joseph Davies in 1762, Mark Wain- wright in 1780, Edward Synge in 1781, John Baird in 1782, Wm. Lyster in 1804, and within the last few years Mr. Lewis, the pre- sent incumbent. Before leaving Cloghran it is to be observed, that the road, which ascends to the church, follows thence a retired, rural course in view of Feltrim, through the village of Baskins, by Clonshaugh, or as more descriptively termed in ancient deeds, Glynshaugh, where was once a church, which Pope Clement the Third confirmed in 1189 to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin ; thence by a grotesque old brick edifice, called Woodlands, now occupied by a Mr. Jervis, and through a very pretty defile having at left Shrubs' Hill, the highly ornamented seat of Mr. White, by Artane, and so into the city. The resumed course of this excursion from Clogh- ran into Swords exhibits much natural beauty, passing over two hills and descending into the intermediate valleys, while the elevation commands splendid views of Howth, Feltrim Hill, Carrick Hill, Lambay, and all the azure circuit of sea ; Swords and its interesting ruins in front, apparently in a hollow, Brackenstown and its winding stream at left, and the elevated plains 268 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of the northern part of this county in the remote per- spective. All the preceding localities being situated in the barony of Coolock, the tourist, in his approach to Swords, here enters THE BARONY OF NETHERCROSS, which seems to have derived its name from compris- ing the principal part of the Croceoe, or cross lands, lying in the northern portion of the county, and pre- sents the singular appearance, that such a circumstance must have (as before observed) necessitated, of six component districts distinctly insulated in other ba- ronies. The whole barony, according to the survey of 1824, contains four parishes and parts of two others, civilly subdivided into 105 townlands, assessed to the ancient subsidies as 13,610 acres, of which 1012 were then accounted as waste. The parishes stated are those of Swords, Portrane, Clonmethan, Finglas, and parts of Lusk and Killossery. The surface of this barony is level, the soil rich, entirely resting upon limestone, and the inhabitants occupied wholly in agricultural pursuits, especially tillage, for which the barony, being remote from the capital, is pecu- liarly appropriated. Ortelius's map places in this part of the county the ancient family of the Taylors, of whom a more particular account shall be given at " Swords." The lands forfeited herein in 1641 were returned as 8237 acres SWORDS. 209 profitable, and 105 unprofitable, old Irish measure, while the com - mons, between forfeited and unforfeited lands, were set down as 392 acres, and the glebe and^ church lands as 1759 acres. For a further notice of the church lands in this barony, see at that of « Coolock" in 1667. The first locality, that occurs in Nethercross, is SWORDS, a small but very ancient town, of about 330 houses, and a population of 1727 persons, as returned in 1824. It is situated about seven Irish miles from the metropolis, consists chiefly of one long wide street, and was a borough in the Irish parliament, to which it returned two members, the elective franchise being in the resident householders. The Anchor Tnn, which was the scene of the election contests on these occasions, still attracts the eye of the traveller by its ancient aspect. " The remains of the buildings at present to be seen here," says Bell, "are chiefly of the pointed gothic order, but from its appearance it must have been one of the earliest specimens after its introduc- tion into Ireland. The arches, as was usual at that early period, are of a mixed style, some circular, others pointed, but generally of rude workmanship. The present walls enclose an area of great extent, and several parts indicate that they were founded as much for strength and protection as for any other purpose. They were strongly fortified with towers, and their exterior presents an embattled front, of an imposing appearance, and from the constant ravages which this 270 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. abbey suffered from their Danish neighbours, it is evident these fortifications were not uncalled for." Here is also a round tower, with a perfect conical top, on which, however, triumphant Christianity has planted the cross. It is considered one of the plain- est of these interesting structures, is calculated to be seventy-three feet high, and stands about fifty feet distant from the church. In the instance of this tower, as in others, there is no projecting base, or if there should be, it is buried beneath the surface of the earth. Like a specimen at Brechin, in Scot- land, described by Mr. Gordon, it "seems to shoot out of the ground like a tree." The era and design of these edifices shall be more particularly treated of at the locality of " Rathmichael." The situation of this little town is exceedingly picturesque, and is best observed from the church- yard in which stand the ivied round tower, the square belfry of the old abbey beside it, (commanding from its summit a most extensive view,) and a neat, new- church of cut stone in the pointed style, unfortunately, however, constructed of the materials and on the site of the ancient abbey. Over the communion-table of this church, is a painting of the leper cured in the pool of Bethsaida, while the window above it exhibits, in painted compartments, figures of Moses, Malachi, Ezekiel, Hosea, and Jeremiah. There are mural monuments near the communion table, one to Doctor Scardeville, Dean of Cloyne, who died in 1703, and to some members of his family ; another to Doctor Owen, Dean of Clonmacnoise, who died in 1761 ; SWORDS. 271 and a third to Christopher Hewetson, who died in 1694, Dean of Christ Church and Vicar of Swords. On the floor, at the foot of the communion-table, is a tombstone of the date of 1587? to the memory of James Blackney and Elizabeth Taylor his wife. There is also a mural slab near the entrance of the church to Captain Berkeley, who died in 1803. In the grave- yard is a small but apparently a very ancient cross, but no sepulchral monuments worthy of notice, with the exception of one ancient stone commemorative of the Taylor family. — Close to the church is the glebe- house, with a glebe of 33a. 2r. 20p.* contiguous. Descending from the church, by a fine old village elm encircled with a seat of sodded stones, once sa- cred to village gaiety and gossipping, and crossing the little stream that waters this town, the visitor ap- proaches the embattled enclosure which yet presents considerable remains of the archiepiscopal palace, and of the old chapel dedicated to St. Columb, the war- der's walk round the castle walls, and several watch towers. On the line of the walls, at one side is the outer gable of a building, popularly said to have been that in which parliaments have been assembled. Its window is very remarkable for the mullions and case- ments, which are all of a red sandstone unknown in this country. The whole interior of the edifice, as also of several others which were included in the ex- * It may be remarked, that the acreable contents of glebes, ma- nors, and forfeited estates, are stated throughout this work in the ancient Irish measure, in respect to the documents which so respectively report them. 272 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". isting walls, have been removed, and the circum- scribed area cultivated as an orchard. In front of the castle is the village draw-well, beside which are the stocks, intended for the refractory portion of the seneschal's subjects, but now the usual roost of the village poultry. South of the main street is the Roman Catholic church, built about the year 1527? and having a conspicuous steeple seventy feet high. Four annual fairs are held in this town, but no mar- ket. Several houses still exhibit ancient escutcheons of inns, the Harp, the Anchor, the Black Bull, and above all the Roval Oak. with Kin£ Charles blazing in scarlet and gold through its ill furnished branches, and a whole regiment bivouacking at its foot. But these fair, outward signs, are but deceptive heralds as to any accommodation or entertainment within. The commons here comprised about 100 acres, while those at Drynam, within the liberties, contained twenty. Great encroachments, however, have taken place on both, and but a small proportion now remains unen- closed. The population of the town was in 1521 calculated as 17*27? and in 1531 as 2537? the num- ber of its houses was on the latter occasion stated as 454. Mr. Taylor and Mr. Cobbe of Newbridge are its chief proprietors. The liberty of the manor com- prises 1227 acres of the old Irish measure, extending over the townlands of Bealingstown, New Grange, Loughmartin, Brownstown, Rathlucastown, Santers- town, alia* Saucerstown, Rickanhore, Seatown, Ro- gerstown. Pamelstown. Lu>k, Lispobel. Swords, Rollestown* kc. SWORD.?. 273 The parish, in which it is situated, bears its name, constitutes a prebend in St. Patrick's cathedral, and has been assessed to the ancient subsidies, and conse- quently under the road acts as 3535 acres, comprised in thirty-seven townlands. Its population, exclusive of the town, was returned as 1185 persons. The rectory is impropriate, one-third in the prebendary of Swords, one in its vicar, and the other third in the economy of St. Patrick's. The vicarage has been episcopally united since 1810 to the curacies of Killeigh and Killossery, the patronage being in the Archbishop of Dublin. The vicarial tithes of this have been com- pounded for at £252 per annum, while it is also to be observed, that the vicar has the control of the rents of the lands of the economy of St. Patrick's and their other possessions here, subject to the trust mentioned hereafter at the year 1431. He accounts annually for this fund to the Archbishop of Dublin. The prebendary has £102 annually, the rent reserved on 380a. of excellent land, held together with his por- tion of the tithes of the parish by Sir Samuel Synge Hutchinson, under a lease for twenty-one years. The Down Survey and other ancient documents refer a portion of this parish to the barony of Coolock, but the survey and valuation return of 1824 classes it wholly in Xethercross. It was once a rural bishopric, and still gives its name to a deanery. The Roman Catholic union comprises the parishes of Swords, Malahide, and Lusk, having within its extent a cha- pel at each of those places, and a chapel of ease at Balneary. The fee in this parish principally belongs T -274 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. to the see of Dublin. The acreable rent varies from two to three guineas, while a cabin without land is usually let for £'2 IDs. per annum. The number of labourers in the whole Protestant union has been stated as about 700,. of whom two-thirds get constant, and the remainder occasional employment; the wages of the former class being about seven shillings, that of the latter eight shillings per week. The lands are principally used in tillage. Fibrous malachite, of a grass-green colour, is met with here, as also copper- green, partly massive, partly disseminated, of various shades of green ; and specimens of amethyst found in this neighbourhood, are in the museum of the Dublin Society. According to the Annals of the Four Master?, one of the com- panions of Heremon founded a fortress here, called the Hizh Rath of Swords. In 512 the church is said to hare been founded by St. Columb- kille, who gave it a missal, written by himself; the edifice was ac- cordingly dedicated to him ; there were, besides, within the town, three chapels, one dedicated to St. Finian, which, with its adjoin- ing cemetery, was situated on the south side, near to the vicars manse, on the road to Furrows : one to St. Catherine, within the parochial church ; while St. Brigid's chapel was on the north side of the town, adjoining to the prebendary's glebe, and not far from the gates of the old palace. The latter had two burgages attached to it. and near it was an ancient cross, called :i Pardon Cross." Traces are also to be found upon record, of a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, within the church of Swords, to which Hugo Blackton. Archdeacon of Dublin, was a benefactor in 1466.* Here, likewise, was a nunnery and a holy well. In 1012 Swords was burned by the Danes, and again in 1016. * Mason's Hist, of St. Patrick's Cathedral, p. 49. SWORDS. 275 After the battle of Clontarf, the bodies of Brian Boroimhe and his son Morrough, were conveyed in solemn procession hither, where they were deposited the first night amidst the prayers and chauntings of the fraternity. The funeral proceeded on the fol- lowing day to Duleek, whence the monks of that establishment conducted the bodies to their sepulchral destination at Armagh. In 1020 the abbey was destroyed by fire. In 1028 died Fitz Patrick O'Flaherty, Bishop of Swords. In 1035 Sitric, the Danish King of Dublin, having devastated Ardbraccan, Conor O'Melaghlin, in retaliation laid waste Swords, " the city of Columb-kille."* In 1069 the town was greatly injured by fire, and again in 1130, 1138, 1150, and 1166, while in 1135 it was sacked, and nearly depopulated by O'Melaghlin, King of Meath ; the sacrilege was, however, avenged by the people of Lusk, who slew O'Me- laghlin. Immediately after the English invasion, Swords was granted to the see of Dublin, and so still continues annexed thereto. In 1182 the Pope confirmed it to the Archbishop of Dublin with its church and appurtenances, as previously granted by Prince John, a right which Pope Innocent farther ratified in 1216. For a notice in 1227, see " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1191 Archbishop Comyn granted to St. Patrick's church the tithes of all his mills, except those of Swords, which he had previously given to the monastery of Grace Dieu. The prebend of Swords was then one of the thirteen canonries annexed to St. Patrick's, as is recited in a Bull of Pope Celestine the Third, and Walter Comyn, most probably a relative of the archbishop, was its prebendary. It afterwards obtained the name of the golden prebend in consequence of its great value, arising out of considerable de- mesnes and tithes issuing from a large and fertile district. In 1192 a patent was granted to the Archbishop of Dublin for an annual eight-day fair in the town of Swords, on the feast of St. Columb-kille, and in 1197 King Richard granted a charter to this place, by which each burgess was to pay for his burgage twelve * Annals of the Four Masters. T 2 276 COUNTY OF DUBLIN*. pence annually. For a notice in 1227. see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1230 Archbishop Luke allotted to the vicar of Swords the small tithes of the lands within the manor, with the obventions and altarages. In 1306 the prebend was valued at £40, and the vicarage at £5, and in 1326 an inquisition was taken as to the ex- tent of the manor. In the following year the Archbishop of Dublin had a confirmation of his rights herein, as also in 1394 from King Richard during his sojourn in Dublin. In 1336 the celebrated William of Wykeham held this prebend, then taxed to the First Fruits at ninety marks, together with eleven benefices in England. He was afterwards Bishop of Winchester. In 1375 died Peter de Lacy, rector and prebendary of Swords, in remembrance of whom a monument and a brass effigy have been erected in the church of North Fleet, Kent. In 1378 the king confirmed the right of the Archbishop of Dublin to this manor. In 1386 John Netterville, Vicar of Swords, and Robert Cruce, prebendary thereof, had license to go into England, with- out incurring any diminution of their tithes under the penalties against absentees. In the following year the latter dignitary had a special permission from Robert de Vere, Marquis of Dublin, entitling him to export for sale, corn and fish appertaining to his prebend, to England, Wales, Bayonne, Bourdeaux, or Portugal. For a notice in 1387, see K Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dub- lin" at that year. In 1397 a chapel was dedicated, within the church of Swords, to the Holy Trinity, and endowed by a person of the name of Brown with a messuage, a garden, and four acres of ground in Rogerstown, for the pious celebration of his anniversary. In the same year John de Melton, clerk, preferred a petition to the privy council of England, claiming right to the prebend of Swords, of which John Taaffe had, as he alleged, possessed himself by force of bulls apostolic, although the same appertained to the patronage of the Archbishop of Dublin, and had become void by the death of Walter Bruges, the last prebendary. In 1411 the king granted to John Tanner, the prebend of St. Columb of Swords in the cathedral of St. Patrick's.* In 1418 * Rot. Claus. 12 Hen. IV. in Cane. Hib. SWOKDS. 277 Walter Prendergast, Vicar of the church of St. Columb of Swords, being sued for two-thirds of the profits of his benefice, valued at five marks per annum, and forfeited by the act of absentees, pleaded the king's letters of license, and was accordingly released from the penalty. In 1423 Brande, Cardinal of Placentia, was nominated by the king to the prebend of Swords, and a writ was directed to the archbishop, commanding him to assign to the cardinal a stall in the choir, and a voice in the chapter, and another likewise to the dean and chapter. In 1431 this prebend, which had been, as ob- served, called the golden prebend, was divided into three portions; one being assigned to the prebendary, another to the vicar, and a third to the economy of St. Patrick's cathedral, who were to maintain therewith six minor canons and six choristers, the residue to be expended in furnishing lights, in repairs, and in defraying other necessary expenses. This appropriation was confirmed by act of parliament in 1467. In 1461 Thomas Pollard, Vicar of Swords, had license to ab- sent himself from his parish for one year without incurring any forfeiture of his tithes. A return of a jury at Swords in 1465, finds that "the Arch- bishop of Dublin takes wrecks of the sea and weym, holds pleas de vetito namio, hues and bloodshed, holds Englishmen in prison, and levies fines on them, has the correction of bread and beer, and the ell weight, bushel, and gallon, by the king's standard and under his seal, holds all pleas in his court, except forestal, rape, arson, treasure-trove, has his own coroners, &c. within his liberties." In 1474 a parliamentary grant of twenty shillings per annum was made to Dame Eleanora, Prioress of the nunnery of Swords, and her successors. In 1484 Doctor Walton, Archbishop of Dublin, being blind and in an infirm state of health, voluntarily resigned his dignity, and reserved to himself for a maintenance the manor of Swords during his life, which reservation was confirmed to him by act of parliament in the following year. In 1489, after full hearing of a cause between the vicar of Swords and the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's, the Archbishop of Dublin made a final decree, whereby he decided that the vicar COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and his predecessors had always possessed the altarages of the parish of Swords and crofts of the same, with half the mortuaries, the wax and offerings of persons dying in the parishes of Malahide, Kiliossery. and Cloghran, also the tithes, great and small, of the whole demesne of Sederton and Crucefield, parcel of said demesne of little Furrow, and of the whole parish of Kinsaly. In the sixteenth century there were five exterior chapels subservient to the mother church of Swords : 1st, Kinsaly already spoken of ; 2nd, Lispobel near Clonmethan ; 3rd, Killeigh, which Allen calls the most stately of all the chapels of Swords ; 4th, Killester ; and 5th, Malahide. It had also, in more ancient times, four other subservient chapelries, which are now indepen- dent parishes : 1st, Cloghran-Swords ; 2nd, Dunabate ; 3rd. Bal- griitm ; and 4th, Coolock. The registry of this monastery was in existence in the time of Ware, and is cited by him. In 1530 the vicar of Swords was entitled to all burial fees of persons dying within the parish. For a notice in 1533, see at " Grace Dieu." In 1535 Edward Bassenet was, on the death of Richard Fitz Simons, promoted to this benefice, then in the gift of the crown, the see of Dublin being vacant by the murder of Archbishop Allen. In 1539 this prebend was taxed to the First Fruits at £32 14s. 0d., and the vicarage at £22 6s. Sd. Irish. In 1541 the Abbot of St. Mary's Abbey was by inquisition found seised of a close in the lands of Swords, extending from the highway from Swords to Lissenhall on the east, to the rivu- let called the ringwater on the west, from the road leadiug from the street of Swords to a passage across the said rivulet, called Scottstones, on the south, and to the fields called the Spittle Acre on the north, comprising about two acres of land, and held under the see of Dublin by fealty and suit of court. In 1547 the Archbishop of Dublin, with the consent of his chapters, had license to convey to Robert Eustace, prebendary of Mullaghiddart and others, the office of constable of his castle and manor of Swords, whenever it should become vacant by the ' .ih of Thomas Fitz Simons of Swords, the profits and those of other detailed premises to be received by the trustees, to the use of Patrick Barnewall of Grace D:eu. Esq.. in fee. In the same SWORDS. year an inquisition was taken as to the extent and value of this prebend, when it was found to possess the demesne called the Court of Lissenhall, containing an orchard, a garden, 150 acres of land, together with sundry cottages and gardens, eight cottages in Swords, with eight acres of arable land, and eight gardens, to- gether with the tithes of certain townlauds, and the altarages, (the oblations of all being left to the vicar.) See also a notice of Swords in the same year, at u Malahide." By a subsequent in- quisition it was found, that the priory of St. John the Baptist, of Dublin, was seised of a messuage and thirty acres of laud in the townland of Rathengle, near Swords. The religious house of Grace Dieu was also seised of thirty acres here, called Francums- land. The petit canons of St. Patrick's had a portion of the tithes called the Burgage tithes, the precise extent of which was ascertained in 1657, by survey, directed by the parliamentary commissioners, but those have been since relinquished. The vi- cars choral of St. Patrick's were also entitled to certain tithes here ; and the prior of Holmpatrick was seised of four tenements with their gardens and eight acres of land in the town of Swords, which were, with other possessions of that house, granted to Tho- mas Fitz Williams. Iu 1554 Queen Mary presented Arthur St. Leger to this rec- tory, void by the death of John Derrick, and then in the gift of the crown by reason of the see being vacant. Iu 1564 Doctor Daly, Bishop of Kildare, held the vicarage with other preferments in commendam. In 1578 the queen issued a mandate for the better establish- ing of the corporation of Swords, and to make known the limits and bounds of the franchises and liberties thereof, and commis- sioners were thereupon appointed to settle the boundaries, two miles on every side from the town. The town was then accounted according to ancient records, one of the " walled and eood towns" of the county. In 1585 Swords sent its first members to parliament, burgages having been assigned to its burgesses at twelve pence yearly pay- able out of each. In recurring to this parliamentary assemblage it is worthy to be noted, that it was the first that had any claim to be called Irish, the first that extended beyond the limits of the 280 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. English pale, the first that embraced the interests, and cherished the feelings of the ancient, as well as of the new inhabitants of Ireland. In 1598 the parsonage was demised for sixty years at the rent of £44 per annum. In 1613 William Blakeney and John Fitz Simons were the representatives for the borough of Swords, in the parliament that abolished the baneful distinction of English subjects and Irish ene- mies, which so long biassed the administration of justice, and fo- mented national disunion. The measure would have acted most beneficially, if the more unholy distinctions of recusant and loyal- ist, Catholic and Protestant, introduced in the time of James, were not upheld as substitutes for national animosities. The regal visitation of 1615 values the vicarage of Swords at 100 marks, Christopher Hewetson being then its vicar, and prebendary of Howth ; while it states the prebend of Swords to be worth £100 per annum. In 1620 George Taylor died seised of 30a. in Swords, called Francumsland, which had been parcel of the possessions of the monastery of Grace Dieu, twenty-two messuages, and 160a., Mar- shallstown, 40a., Greenock, two messuages and 100a.* For a notice in 1621, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin," at that time. In 1637 Sir Edward Bolton had a demise for forty-three years of the prebend of Swords, the court, town and lands of Lissen- hall, all the tithes thereof, and all the tithes and glebe lands be- longing to said prebend, from the Archbishop. Here, in 1641, the first Irish army of the pale assembled, pre- paratory to the commencement of that civil war which desolated the land. (See post, at " Corballis.") Amongst those who attend- ed on this occasion, were Luke Netterville of Corballis, George Blackney of Rickenhore, George King of Clontarf, Christopher Hollywood of Artane, John Talbot, Richard Goulding, Thomas Russell, Christopher Russell, Patrick Caddell, William Travers, Richard Barnewall, Laurence Bealing. kc. This assembly took place on the ninth of December, and on the following day the * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. SWORDS. 281 Justices issued their warrant, commanding them a to separate on sight thereof, and that nine of the principal persons so assembled should appear before them at the Council Board, by ten of the clock the next morning, to shew the cause of their assembling to- gether in that manner." To this warrant they returned an answer, on the same day, to the following effect : " That they were con- strained to meet there for the safety of their lives, which they conceived to be in no small danger, having been forced to forsake their dwellings on the last Tuesday at night, by the rising out of horse troops and foot companies, who, on the said night, killed four Catholics for no other reason but because they bore the name of that religion, and that they had been before put into many fears by certain intelligence given them of unexpected at- tempts against their lives. Wherefore they desired ardently to be in some certain way assured by their Lordships of the safety of their lives, before they ran the hazard thereof, which was the only motive that hindered them from manifesting that obedience which they knew to be due to their Lordships' commands."* In consequence of which, Sir Charles Coote was sent hither by the Lords Justices with such forces as could be spared. " He found the access to the village straitly blocked up, yet so managed the attempt as he soon forced them to flight, beating them out of their fortifications, and killed two hundred of their men, without any considerable loss on his side, more than Sir Lorenzo Carev, second son of the Lord Falkland, late lord deputy, a gentleman of excellent and ingenious parts, well-principled, and one whose virtues and resolution promised much happiness to the state. After settling of which place Sir Charles Coote returned to Dub- lin."! In the ensuing forfeitures Walter Jordan lost 41a. in this parish, John Cadell, 9a., George Blackney, a mansion-house, a water-mill, sundry messuages, and 200a., Christopher Russell, 335a., Richard Goulding, 100a., Laurence Beading, 300a., and John Taylor, the mansion-house of Swords, and upwards of 300a., in its vicinity. In 1642 John Taylor and George Blackney, Esqrs., the sit- * Curry's Histor. Rev. B. v. C. xiv. t Borlase's Irish Insurrection, p. 71. 282 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ting members of parliament for Swords, were removed from the house, by the puritan party, on account of their attatchment to the king's cause. In 1663 John Taylor was found to have a mansion-house, twenty messuages, and 190a. of land in Swords, and sundry other lands in this county, of which he died seised in 1680.* In 1666 Sir George Lane had a grant of 40a., plantation mea- sure, here, as had the Archbishop of Dublin in the following year, of Jordan's land in Swords, 41a., forfeited in 1641 by Walter Jordan, and of Talbot's land in Swords, 50a., like measure, with various other lands in augmentation of the see. For a notice in 1674, see " Cloghran." In 1675 the celebrated Andrew Sail obtained the prebend of Swords, with other preferments. He was born at Cashel, in the county Tipnerary, and educated from his infancy in the Roman Catholic faith. In 1639 he was sent abroad to complete his studies, and became Professor of Controversy in the College of Salamanca, and afterwards Professor of Divinity at Pampeluna, Placentia, and Tudela, having been previously admitted into the society of the Jesuits, among whom he took the fourth vow, and was made Pro- fessor of Moral Theology in their college at Salamanca. At length, being remanded to Ireland, with the title of Superior of the mis- sion of the Jesuits in that country, about the year 1673 he re- tired to Cashel, " desiring," as he says himself in the preface to one of his works, "to spend the remnant of his days unknown, to prepare better for the long day of eternity." At this very time, however, under the instrumentality of Dr. Price, the Pro- testant Archbishop of that province, he conceived and avowed in writing the intention of conforming to the communion of the Es- tablished Church. In May, 1674, he made a public declaration of such his conformity in the church of St. John at Cashel, and in July following preached in Christ Church, Dublin, before the Earl of Essex, on the reasons of his change of faith. While in Dublin, he was lodged in Trinity College, and was there admitted to the degree of Doctor of Divinity, when he published a Thesis, contain- ing two conclusions touching the main points in controversy be- * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. SWORDS. 283 tween the two churches \ first, that out of the Roman Church there was a safe way for salvation, and second, that the way of the Church of England was safer to salvation than that of the Church of Rome. In 1675 he went to Oxford, and there also was created a Doctor of Divinity, and in 1677 was domestic chaplain to King Charles, about which time several works of controversy were published against him, to which he replied in a work entitled, " True Ca- tholic and Apostolic Faith maintained in the Church of England/' which he dedicated to Lord Essex. Soon afterwards " he was rewarded," writes Dr. O'Conor,* "with the prebend of Swords, the rectory of Ardmulchan, and the chantorship of Cashel ; and he, who would have died a beggar had he remained a Catholic, lived to 1682 in affluence purchased by the trade of religion." He resided at Cashel to the time of his death, which occurred in April, 1682, in the 70th year of his age. He was buried in the Cathe- dral of St. Patrick, Dublin. In 1681 the archbishop decided what should be paid to the curate of Swords for serving the cures of its chapels, having pre- viously appointed a commission of inquiry to ascertain the real value of its tithes, as before-me ntioned at " Malahide." In 1683 George Viscount Lanesborough died, seised in free and common soccage of forty acres here.f For a notice in 1685, see " Turvey." In 1689 Viscount Beamount of Swords was one of those attainted in King James's parliament. In the same year that monarch renewed the charter of this borough, on which occasion Gerald Dillon, Esq., Prime Serjeant, was to be its port- reeve, with thirty-one burgesses, amongst whom appear the names of five Barnewalls, three Russells, John Stanley, Matthew Caddel, John Taylor, &c. In 1697 Mr. Christopher Walsh was returned as parish priest of Swords, Cloghran, and Kinsaly, resident in Swords, and hav- ing Mr. John Jones as his curate. In 1700 the Archbishop of Dublin claimed an estate in fee in Seatown, and various lands in and about the town of Swords, as forfeited by Bartholomew Russell, and granted to the see of Dub- * Catalog. Biblioth. Stow. v. i. p. 270. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 284 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. lin. His claim was, however, postponed, he being a petitioner before the house of commons, but these lands were afterwards granted to the see. In 1703 Dean Scardeville bequeathed a sum of money, for the support of a school in this parish for the children of poor Protes- tants. The charity was sought to be recovered in 1779 by bill in chancery, but the suit was abandoned. In 1719 Archdeacon Hewetson granted to the incumbent of Swords and his succes- sors for ever, " all that and those the lands whereon the mill stands, together with the said mill, for the sole use and support of a schoolmaster licensed by the Archbishop of Dublin and his suc- cessors from time to time for this parish," but neither has this en- dowment ever been so applied. In a lease of the prebendal lands of Swords in 1721, there is a special reservation of the benefit of the chancel and of the tithes of twenty acres glebe land assigned to the vicar. There is a do- cument of the year 1744 extant, defining the respective endow- ments of the prebendary and vicar of Swords, to which a map of the demesne lands is annexed. In 1786 the act was passed, alluded to at " Malahide," for the extension of a navigable canal from that town through Swords to the river of Fieldstown. In 1793 the Rev. James Verschoyle, afterwards Bishop of Killala, was the incumbent of Swords. In this borough, of notorious fame in the annals of bribery and corruption, the right of election was at this time vested in the Protestant inhabitants six months resident previous to the election. A writer, under the name of " Falkland," thus humorously de- scribes its political aspect in 1790. " General Massey some time since cast a longing eye on this borough, which he considered as a common open to any occupant, and, to secure the command of it to himself, he began to take and build tenements within its precincts, in which he placed many ve- teran soldiers, who, having served under him in war, were firmly attached to their ancient leader. Mr. Beresford, the first com- missioner of the revenue, who has a sharp look out for open places, had formed the same scheme with the General of securing this borough to himself, and a deluge of revenue officers was poured SWORDS. 285 forth from the Custom-house to overflow the place, as all the arti- ficers of the new Custom-house had before been exported in the potato-boats of Dungarvan to storm that borough. The wary ge- neral took the alarm, and threatened his competitor, that, for every revenue officer appearing there, he w 7 ould introduce two old sol- diers, which somewhat cooled the first commissioner's usual ar- dour ; thus the matter rests at present, but, whether the legions of the army, or the locusts of the revenue, will finally remain masters of the field, or whether the rival chiefs, from an impossibility of effecting all they wish, will be content to go off like the two kings of Brentford, smelling at one rose, or whether Mr. Hatch's interest will preponderate in the scale, time alone can clearly ascertain." At the Union the compensation allowed for this borough (£15,000) was vested in trustees, (as it was of the class called potwalloping boroughs, and not private property,) for the purpose of educating and apprenticing the children of the humbler classes, without any religious distinction ; and a handsome and commodious school-house was erected at the cost of £2000. The school was opened in 1809 5 and is at present attended by about 300 children. The trus- tees, namely, the Chancellor, Archbishop of Dublin, Bishop of Kildare, Provost of Trinity College, Dean of St. Patrick's, and the Vicar of the parish, for the time being, were incorporated under the name of " the Governors of the School at Swords," on the trust of applying the surplus interest, after paying all expenses of the school, in apprenticing the children, and any further surplus in premiums for the general encouragement of agriculture and manufactures. The salary of the superintendant is £70 per annum ; that of the schoolmaster fifty guineas, with certain allow- ances for servants and coals. There are six boys and 286 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. six girls apprenticed out of it every year, and a sum of £12 paid with each apprentice. The physician to the dispensary has an allowance of £80 Irish per annum. Connected with this establishment, and sup- ported out of its funds, are a dispensary and coal-yard, for supplying with medicine, gratis, when wanted, and with coals at a reduced price, the parents of the poor- est children, who have regularly attended the school. The other indigent inhabitants of Swords, upon pro- per recommendation, are entitled to the benefits both of the dispensary and of the coal-yard. There is also a national school here, which receives £15 annually from the Board of Education, the number of its pu- pils was 165 in 1834 ; and an infant school has been very recently established. At the commencement of this century, a corn mill, a windmill, and a watermill existed here, while there was also a corn mill at Balheary. The only public officers, who have at any time exercised jurisdiction within the limits of this corpo- ration, were a portreeve, and the seneschal of the manor of St. Sepulchre, which is also part of the pos- sessions of the Archbishop of Dublin. The portreeve is appointed by the archbishop, and annually sworn at the Michaelmas court leet in Dublin, before the seneschal of St. Sepulchre. He has no salary, nor any emolument, except the annual profit of three acres of land lying near the town, for which he re- ceives about £8 per annum. The portreeve formerly held a court here once in the week, entertaining all claims within the manor, but otherwise, without limit. SWORDS. 287 His authority, however, having been questioned, he has wholly discontinued to act, and the ordinary Petty Sessions court is now the only town jurisdiction. Swords gives the title of viscount to the family of Molesworth. The succession of members of parliament for this borough has been as follows : — 1613 William Blakeneyand John Fitzsimons ; William Blakeney and Robert Carwell. 1639 John Taylor and George Blackney. 1661 Sir W. Tichborne and John Povey ; Sir W. Tichborne and Denny Muschampe. 1689 (King James's parliament) Francis Barnewall of Woodpark, county Meath, and Robert Russell of Drynham, Esqrs. 1692 Richard Forster and John Reading. 1695 John Reading and Thomas Ashe. 1703 Right Honourable Robert Molesworth and James Peppard. 1713 Right Honourable Robert Molesworth and Plunkett Plun- kett. 1715 Plunkett Plunkett and Richard Molesworth. 1721 Plunkett Plunkett and Honourable Richard Molesworth. 1727 Honourable Bysse Molesworth and Edward Bolton. 1759 Honourable Bysse Molesworth and Thomas Cobbe. 1761 Thomas Cobbe and Hamilton Gorges. 1769 John Hatch and John Damer. 1776 Thomas Cobbe and Charles King. 1783 Charles Cobbe and John Hatch. 1790 John Claudius Beresford and Lieutenant-General Byre Massey. 1797 Francis Synge and Charles Cobbe, Esqrs. 1798 Francis Synge, Esq. and Colonel Marcus Beresford. The former voted against the Union. The succession of its prebendaries has been thus far ascertained : — 288 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 1190 Walter Comyn. Alanus. 1227 Robert de Blond. 1247 Iterius de Brochard. 1302 William de Hothum. 1366 William of Wickham. 1375 Peter de Lacy. 1378 Robert Cruce. 1386 Walter Bruges. 1397 John Taaffe. 1411 John Tanner. 1423 Brande, Cardinal of Pla- centia. 1431 William Cruise. Blackton. 1468 Walter Kingdom. 1496 Richard Eustace. 1509 Edward St. Lawrence, alias Howth. 1535 Christopher Vesey. Anthony Skeffington. 1535 John Derrick. 1554 Anthony St. Leger. 1555 Patrick Byrne. 1576 Edmund Enole. 1598 William Pratt. 1615 Richard Jones. 1642 Samuel Pullein. 1661 Roger Holmes. 1662 WhMiam Williams. 1664 John Rogan. 1675 Andrew Sail. 1682 Henry Scardeville. 1703 Thomas King. 1708 Robert Dougat. 1715 John Wynne. 1727 Hugh Wilson. 1735 John Espin. 1744 John Owen. 1761 Fowler Comings. 1783 Henry Lomax Walshe. 1834 William Magee. The Family of Taylor, as having been so long identified with this locality, demand here some especial notice. Premising, that the escallops in their ar- morials afford faithful evidence, according to the interpretation of heraldry, of their achievements in the Holy Land ; they early passed over from France, and established themselves in the sister kingdom. In 1183 Ralph Taylor was returned by the Bishop of Durham as holding certain lands at Stanhope, as was Aldelm Taylor by the Bishop of Winchester, as resident in Winchester; and other individuals of the name are traced at the same time flourishing in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire. About the year 1250 Gilbert Taylor was sheriff of the latter county. In the middle of the thirteenth century they had ex- tended into Oxfordshire, Nottinghamshire, Shropshire, Lincoln- THE FAMILY OF TAYLOR. 289 shire, Essex, Kent, Herefordshire, Huntingdonshire, Somerset- shire, Wiltshire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire, and York- shire. At Beverley, in the latter county more especially, was established Edward Taylor, chief falconer to Henry the Third. In 1271 Isabel, relict of John Fitz Alan, impleaded Galfrid le Tayleur and Agatha his wife for a third part of the manor of Ro- dington, in Shropshire, and the Tayleurs of Buntingsdale, in that county, have flourished from that period in the highest respecta- bility. In 1273 Nicholas, the second son of the before-mentioned Edward Taylor of Beverley, passed into Ireland, where he had issue John, who had issue Walter, erroneously called William in some documents. In 1280 Alexander le Taylor had considerable grants of Jewish forfeitures in the city of York. In 1289 Philip de Taylor granted to his son Walter in fee his possessions in Erde, in Kent, which lay partly within the king's barony, and partly within the liberties of the archbishop. The above Philip de Taylor was about the same time Sheriff of London. In 1293 Roger de Taylor is mentioned as a landed proprietor in Hertfordshire, and styled " Dominus de Valencia." In 1295 Walter le Taylor was burgess for Thresk in the parlia- ment at Westminster, as was William le Taylor for Truro in that held at York in 1298, in that of Westminster in 1300, and in that of Carlisle in 1307. In the commencement of the fourteenth century, John de Taylor is mentioned as of St. Alban's, another of the same appellation as burgess of Berwick, and branches of the family had taken root in Westmoreland, Surrey, Worcester- shire, and Sussex. In 1301 Robert Taylor was member of par- liament for Oakhampton, as was Thomas le Tailour for Wycomb. In 1302 Benedict le Tailour was representative for the borough of Crediton, and Robert le Tailour for Helstone in the parliament of Carlisle in 1307. In 1309 John, the son of Thomas le Taylor, appears on re- cord in connexion with the lands of Rathosbern in Ireland ; and, in the following year, Thomas le Taillur was one of those sum- moned to attend the parliament of Kilkenny. In 1311 Edmund Taylor was one of the two warders ap- pointed and sworn to keep the keys of Aldgate during the distur- O 290 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. bances relative to Gaveston, while Hugo le Taylor was burgess for Ryegate, and William le Taylor for Carlisle in the parliament of London. In 1312 Geoffrey Taylor was knight of the shire for Hertfordshire. In 1313 Reginald le Taylor was member of par- liament for Helstone, as was Alan le Tailor for Worcester in the parliament of Westminster, and again in 1318 in that of York. In 1316 Ralph le Taillour was certified to be lord of the town- ship of Hyde, near Blandford in Dorsetshire, and in 1321 Wil- liam le Taillur was member of parliament for Shaftesbury. In 1327 Richard le Tuyt had license to enfeoff William le. Taylor, clerk, of the manors of Killalwyn, Castlecor, and Fithenagh, in the county Meath, which were held of the king in capite ; while in 1342, and the four subsequent years, John Taylor was one of the high bailiffs of the city of Dublin, and in 1358 was its provost, as the chief magistrate was then called. In 1348 Wil- liam, the son of John Taillour of Staniford Bridge, was seised of various lands in Yorkshire, which he held as of the manor of Pontefract. The Taillour family were also at this time landed proprietors in Cumberland and Lancashire, in addition to their former locations. In 1376 the abbot of the house of the Blessed Virgin of Dun- draynan in Galway, on his leaving Ireland, had liberty to appoint as his attorney, during his absence, Robert Loughborough and Adam Taylor. The same Adam was subsequently one of the attorneys for the parson of Callan on a similar occasion. In 1382 Thomas Taillor, clerk, was constituted a baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, and in 1386 another Thomas Taillor had license, for himself and his issue, to enjoy the benefit of the law of England, and yet another of the same name was appointed chief remem- brancer of the Exchequer in this country. In 1386 Thomas Taylor was constituted treasurer of the liberties of Kilkenny, and deputy seneschal thereof. In 1387 Walter Taylor of Swords, son of the John Taylor mentioned at the year 1273, had license and authority from Robert de Vere, Marquis of Dublin, to purchase fish of all kind in every harbour of the county Dublin, and to export same for sale in Chester or Liverpool. This Walter was also seised of lands in Drogheda, and became the purchaser of Rathfeigh in the THE FAMILY OF TAYLOR. 291 county Meath from the Bernard family. His eldest son and heir was Alexander Taylor of Swords, of whom hereafter. In the same year, Henry Taillour is mentioned as of the county Kilkenny. In 1390, William Taylor was Vicar of Pierstown Laundy. In 1394 the executor of John Taylor deceased received from the treasury, a sum of £59 due of old by King Edward the Third to Thomas Minot, Archbishop of Dublin, whose claim had by various assign- ments passed to said John Taylor. In 1399 the Taylors were established in the counties of Carlow and Kildare, and in the same and the following year (1400), Richard Taylor was one of the high bailiffs of Dublin. In 1400 Philip Taillour of Bristol was one of those, to whom the king granted the extraordinary license, " that they, with as many men-at-arms as they shall choose to have and provide at their own expenses, may take their course for and pass over to our said realm of Ireland in four ships, and there make war against the re- bels and enemies of us, being in the town of Galway, which in times past was in our ligeance and obedience, until now of late that by one Sir William Burgh, knight, by the assent and treason of cer- tain traitors therein, the said town was taken in war, and also, the islands of Arran, which always be full of gallies, to ensnare, cap- ture, and plunder our liege English ; to the end and effect that if the aforesaid Philip Taillour, &c, shall be able by force and armed power to obtain and take the town and islands aforesaid, they may have, hold, and inhabit the same town and islands, taking to their own use and profit all and singular the property of the aforesaid rebels and enemies of us, and all that which they shall be able so to obtain and take ; the rights, rents, revenues, services, and other monies whatsoever to our royal prerogative there pertaining, al- ways saved unto us. Saving also the right of the son and heir of Roger le Mortimer, late Earl of March, being within age and in our wardship, &c." In 1403 John Taylor is mentioned as of Boystown in the county Kildare, while in the same year, Alexander Taylor of Swords was one of three, whom the king assigned to collect a sub- sidy within the Crosslands of Dublin. This Alexander was the son of Walter as before-mentioned, and intermarried with Agnes, the daughter of William Swinock or Simcock, by whom he ac- u 2 292 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. quired additional property in Drogheda. He seems to have been the purchaser of the inheritance at Swords, and to have built a mansion house in that town. His eldest son and heir, John Tay- lor, married Margaret daughter of Thomas Brailes, by whom he had issue John Taylor, married to Catherine, daughter of Hamlin of Smithstown. The children of this last marriage were Agnes Taylor, married to Thomas de la Field of Fieldstown, and James Taylor, who, by his first wife Anne, daughter of Se- grave of Killeglan, had issue Richard Taylor of Swords, hereafter mentioned, and Robert Taylor, from whom descended the Taylors of Dublin, aldermen and merchants of that city. James Taylor's second wife was Agnes Warren, by whom he had also issue. In ] 406 the king conferred the dignity of Archdeacon of Ossory on Adam Taylor. In 1412 and the two following years, as also in 1422, Stephen Taylor was one of the high bailiffs of the city of Dublin. In 1415 Edmund Taylor was one of the knights in the retinue of the Earl of Oxford at the battle of Agincourt. In 1520 in the royal appointment for the progress to Canterbury, and thence to Ca- lais and Guisnes, to meet the French king, Doctor Taylor was one of ten attendant chaplains, to each of whom six servants and four horses were allowed. The suite of Cardinal Wolsey alone, on this occasion, comprised twelve chaplains, fifty gentlemen, 238 ser- vants, and 150 horses. In 1539 Patrick Taylor was seised of Bally dowd near Lucan, which, having been afterwards the seat of Sir Edmund Sexton Perry, took the name of Edmundsbury, and is now the residence of Mr. Needham. In 1543 Richard Taylor of Swords, son of the before mentioned James Taylor, was joined in commission with said Patrick, to try and decide what temporal and spiritual pos- sessions became, by the dissolution of monasteries, vested in the crown within the county of Dublin. He married Elizabeth Barnewall, daughter of Robert Barnewall of Riverstown, by whom he had issue four daughters, the eldest of whom, Catherine, was first married to Christopher de la Hoyde, Esq., Recorder of Dro- gheda, and on his decease to Patrick, fourth Baron of Trimlestown. Richard had also a son, Robert Taylor of Swords, hereafter men- tioned. • - In 1553 Dr. John Taylor, Bishop of Lincoln, was one of the THE FAMILY OF TAYLOR. 293 English prelates deprived by Queen Mary. Amongst those Eng- lish gentlemen, who compounded for their estates during the Commonwealth, were John Taylor of Moscroft in Yorkshire, Richard Taylor of Ernley in Sussex, John Taylor of Brimstage in Cheshire, John Taylor of Sandal in Yorkshire, John Taylor of Ichenor in Sussex, William Taylor and Richard Taylor of Clap- ham in Bedfordshire, William Taylor of London, then late of Windsor, Thomas Taylor of Oclepichard in Herefordshire, John Taylor of Oldham in Lancashire, John Taylor of York, merchant, and John Taylor of Todcaster in Yorkshire. In 1557 John Taylor, clerk, was constituted Master of the Rolls in England, and was afterwards Chancellor. In 1558 Robert Taylor, the son and heir of the before men- tioned Richard of Swords, was seised of Ballyowen in the county Dublin. He married Alice, daughter of Thomas Fitz Simons of Dublin, and had issue by her George Taylor his heir, and other children. George was Recorder of Dublin, and in the Irish par- liament of 1585 was one of its representatives. In 1586 Francis Taylor was one of the sheriffs of the city of Dublin. About this time flourished in England, Doctor Thomas Taylor, Fellow of Christ's College, a zealous puritan divine of the Eliza- bethean age. In 1595 Francis Taylor was Mayor of Dublin, and at the same time, Mr. Joseph Taylor, the friend of Philip Mas- singer, appeared as the original actor of Hamlet, instructed by Shakspeare himself. He performed the part for upwards of forty- five years, was master of the revels to Charles the First, died in the year 1653, and was buried at Richmond. In 1602 Thomas Taylor was settled at Rigmore in Sussex, and from him has descended the line of the Maro A uis of Headfort, his grandson Thomas having, in the year 1653, come into Ire- land with the celebrated Sir William Petty, with whom he had contracted the strictest friendship. They conjointly undertook and perfected the Down Survey, although the maps were pub- lished in Sir William Petty's name only. In 1660 he disposed of his estates in England, and purchased in Ireland the town and townlands of Kells, and others of great extent in the county Meath. After the restoration of King Charles the Second, he was appointed a commissioner of the Court of Claims,, and was 294 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. also a commissioner of that held for persons transported into Connaught and Clare in 1675. His only daughter married Sir Nicholas Acheson, ancestor to Viscount Gosford. His son, Tho- mas Taylor, was created a baronet of Ireland in 1704, and the grandson of this Sir Thomas was, in 1747, advanced to the peer- age by the title of Baron Headfort of Headfort, and created Earl of Bective in 1766, as was his son, Marquis of Headfort, in 1800. In 1603 the before-mentioned George Taylor of Swords was a party in a recovery suffered of the Caddell estates in this coun- ty. He died in 1620, seised, as mentioned at M Swords," and at * Newcastle." His eldest son and heir, by his first wife Johanna Jans, was Michael Taylor, who, at the time of said George's de- cease, was aged thirty-six, and married to the daughter of Russell of Drynham, by whom he had issue John Taylor his heir, and four other sons. In 1618 John Taylor was one of the English undertakers or settlers in the county of Cavan, and had assigned to him 1500a., called Aghieduff, with a castle and bawn therein. In 1629 Francis Taylor, of the line of the before-mentioned Robert, was one of the aldermen of Dublin ; while in the par- liament of 1639 John Taylor, the heir of Michael of Swords, was one of the representatives of that borough. He married Mary the daughter of John Fagan of Feltrim, by whom he had issue John Taylor his heir, and two other sons. John, the elder, sustained the confiscations and losses mentioned at Swords ; and the sufferings of his son John the younger, under these privations, and his re- sistance to being transplanted into Connaught up to 1659, when he obtained a decree confirmatory of his old estate, are detailed in an interesting manuscript still preserved by the family. At the court of claims, consequent upon the forfeitures of this period, Captain Marmaduke Taylor was a claimant for lands in the coun- ty of Cork, Nathaniel Taylor in the counties of Cork and Tip- perary, Thomas Taylor in Cork, the Queen's County, and Meath, Timothy Taylor in the lung's County, and Walter Tavlor in the county of Galway. In the English parliament of 1641 Mr. Taylor, a barrister and representative for Windsor, was impeached for saying, in dis- paragement of the house, in reference to the Earl of Strafford's death, that w they had committed murder with the sword of justice? THE FAMILY OF TAYLOR. 295 and that he would not for a world have so much blood lie on his conscience, as did on theirs for that sentence ;" which words being proved against him, he was expelled the house and voted incapable of ever being a member. He was also committed to the Tower during pleasure. At the surrender of Arundel Castle, Captain Thomas Taylor was one of the officers taken prisoner by Sir William Waller. In 1652 Captains Taylor and Peacock, in two English frigates, en- gaged two Dutch men-of-war on the coast of Flanders, took one and caused the other to be stranded. In 1654 died John Tay- lor, the water poet, of whom Pope says — " Taylor, their better Charon, lends an oar, Once swan of Thames, though now he sings no more." He was a remarkable instance of uneducated genius, as himself notes — " I must confess I do want eloquence, And never scarce did learn my accidence ; For having got from possum to posset, I there was gravelled, could no farther get." In 1657 Nicholas Taylor, brother of the aforesaid John the elder, was found, on a parliamentary survey, seised of 160a. in Swords. His nephew, John the younger, heir of John the elder, married the daughter of Moore of Ballina, by whom he had issue Michael Taylor his heir, and other children. In 1660 Doctor Jeremy Taylor was promoted to the sees of Down and Connor, was soon afterwards made vice-chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, for its special regulation, and had also the administration of the bishopric of Dromore conferred upon him. In 1680 John Taylor the younger, before-mentioned, died seised in tail male of the family estates in Swords, Marshalstown, Ratheoole, Greenock, kc, as did his eldest son, Michael Taylor, without issue male in 1684, leaving John Taylor his brother and heir, who subsequently married Alice, daughter of Browne of Clongowes-Wood, his first wife, by whom he had one daughter. By his second wife, Helen, daughter of Richard Fagan of Fel- 296 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. trim, he had John Taylor his heir, and eight other children. This John also married twice. By his first wife, Miss Cusack of Rath- aldron, he had a daughter ; by his second, Catherine Everard of Randalstown, he had Christopher his heir, George who died un- married, and Penelope married to Edward Mapother of Kiltee- van. Christopher married Ellen, daughter of John Caulfield, by whom he had ten children, of whom James Joseph Taylor is now the surviving heir, being of the seventeenth generation from the above-mentioned Edward Taylor of Beverley. Jane Elizabeth Taylor, his sister, is married to Josiah Forster, Esq., formerly of St. Croix in the West Indies, by whom she has issue, James Fitz Eustace Forster. In 1687 died Silas Taylor, an antiquary of much ability, born at Harley in Shropshire. Amongst those attainted in King James's parliament, were Arthur Taylor of the county Tipperary, and Joseph Taylor of the county Kerry, while John Taylor was one of the burgesses in the new charter then granted to Swords. In 1692 Robert Tay- lor was one of the members of parliament for the borough of Askeaton. In 1703 that admirable scholar, the Rev. John Taylor, was born in Shrewsbury, where he received the early part of his edu- cation. He was afterwards chancellor of Lincoln, and author of various works. In 1716 was born in Ireland George Taylor, the son of a re- spectable clergyman, who afterwards emigrated to America, and, having by prudent management and great industry amassed a large fortune, purchased a considerable estate there in the county of Northampton, which he represented in the provincial assembly that met at Philadelphia in 1764, and in 1776 he was one of those who signed the memorable declaration of American independence. About the commencement of this century another branch of the family settled in Galway, of which town Walter Taylor was mayor in 1731, Anthony Taylor sheriff in 1735, and Thomas Taylor mayor in 1768. In 1727 William Taylor was sheriff of Derbyshire, and in 1731 died Doctor Brook Taylor, a native of Edmonton, in Middlesex, the intimate friend of Sir Isaac Newton, a very able mathemati- THE FAMILY OF TAYLOR. 297 cian, and author of many scientific works. In 1766 died John Taylor, a learned critic and philologist, born at Shrewsbury, and about the same time died Doctor John Taylor, a learned dissent- ing teacher, born near Lancaster. In 1788 died Sir Robert Taylor, an eminent architect, and above all that of his own fortune. When he began life, he said he was not worth eighteen pence, and the accumulation of his pro- fessional labours amounted at the time of his decease to £180,000. There is a handsome monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey. In the same year appeared a very remarkable work on the Platonic doctrine, from the pen of Mr. Thomas Taylor, the singular scope of which may be conjectured from the introductory avowal, that " the religion of the heathens has, indeed, for many centuries been the object of ridicule and contempt, yet the author of the present work is not ashamed to own, that he is a perfect convert to it in every particular, so far as it was understood and illustrated by the Pythagoric and Platonic philosophers." In 1809 Lieutenant Taylour of the Tigris commanded a ha- zardous boat expedition in the Bay of Rosas, in which he had such signal success as to capture or burn all the vessels, and take or destroy the supplies destined for the French army in Spain. In 1813 Captain Taylor of the Sparrow took possession of the Castle of Castro, on the Spanish shore of the Mediterranean, and in the same year Captain B. W. Taylor of the Apollo took the islands of Augusta and Carzolo, in the Mediterranean, and in the following year that of Paxo, in the Adriatic. Other records of this family, in connexion with the county of Dublin, are scattered through this work, and may be traced by the General Index. Near Swords is Seatown, formerly an estate of the Russell family, and recognised as such in the Act of Settlement. It is now the residence of Mr. Arthur. Balneary, the ancient fee of the Lords Kingsland, is also in the vicinity, and has a Roman Catholic chapel of ease, from which a remarkably straight and well shaded road leads to Lispobel and Rollestown. At 298 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. MOORTOWN, about a mile from Swords, are the uninteresting ruins of a chapel, presenting a remarkably large, un- roofed, square apartment, with broad low windows slightly carved, but utterly without tombs or any traces of religious reverence. It was more anciently called Glassmore, and, according to the calendary of Cash el, is memorable for the martyrdom of St. Cro- nan and all his monks, by a band of pirates in the commencement of the seventh century.* He is styled abbot and martyr, and his festival is kept on the 10th of February. Other authorities refer this event to a Glassmore in Minister. j" St. Angus thus eulogises this holy man : — " Stella lucida, propago felix, thesaurus aureus prsefulgidus et eximius, Cronanus sanctus absque macula, sol lucidus Glasmorensis." Its tithes belonged to the petit canons of St. Patrick, and accordingly in 1759 the tithes of Taylor's land, Hilltown, Moortown, kc. " commonly called and reputed to be the petty canons' and choristers' tithes ;" likewise all the tithes, great and small, of a certain part of the lands of Moortown were leased to Robert Wilson for twenty-one years at £20 per annum. This townland contains about one hundred and eighty acres, was the fee of Lord Trimlestown, and is now that of Mr. Cusack. • Leaving Swords, and continuing the northern road, the handsome seat of Mr. Baker appears at left, with a pretty river flowing through it in graceful windings and over several artificial falls. Thence to the village of * Camden's Britannia, vol. iii. p. 561. t See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, p. 303. TURVEY. 299 TURVEY, the ancient estate of the Barnewalls, Lords Trimles- town, and Barons of Turvey. A straight avenue, still scantily sentinelled with the survivors of a forest, conducts by the margin of a little stream to the family mansion, a plain but vene- rable building surrounded by some fine old trees. In it are some family portraits and other paintings. On this townland was formerly an excellent corn mill, of which now scarcely a trace remains. It is also obser- vable that iron appears to manifest its presence here in a coarse reddish earth. In 1240 the prioress of Grany granted to Master Richard de St. Martin the church of Turvey, alias Dunabate, for his natural life, at the annual rent of £10, he paying also in the name of the prioress a mark annually to the church of Swords.* In 1385 Hugh Bermingham was appointed seneschal of the manors and lordships of Turvey, Rush, CordufF, and Ballyscadan, with power to demise the same to farmers, and to remove such as he pleased, and set the lands to others, to appoint receivers, and do all other things for the good government thereof which he should deem expedient. - )" The manor comprised the denomina- tions of Claffardstown, Danyestown, &c. In 1461 the king granted to Sir William Wellesley the office of chief butler of Ireland, with the manors of Turvey, Balscaddan, and Rush, and other manors, for his life, at the service of a red rose. The grant recites that the same had belonged to James Botiller, late Earl of Wiltshire.^ By inquisition of 1515 Sir Thomas Butler, seventh Earl of Or- mond, was found to have died seised of the manors of Lusk, Tur - vey, Rush, and Balscaddan. * Lib. " Crede Mihi," fo. 103. t Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. % lb. 300 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1532, when King Henry notified that for certain arduous causes, with the consent of his lieutenant and the lords spiritual and temporal and council, he had determined to unfurl and display his banner at the hill of Owenstown, in the county of Dublin, and summonses and distringases were issued against all those absent, who were bound to render scutage on such an occa- sion, amongst these, process issued from the exchequer to the Earl of Ossory, on account of his manor of Turvey. In 1556 Thomas Earl of Ormond granted this manor and its seneschalship to Sir Christopher Barnewall, a lawyer of considera- ble eminence, who was high sheriff of the county of Dublin in 1560, and died here in 1575. Turvey has since constituted a principal seat of his family, the present mansion-house having been erected by him, as appears by the arms and inscription over the west gate, " The arms of Sir Christopher Barnewall and Dame Marion Sherle, alias Churley, who made this house in anno 1565." In 1645 Nicholas Barnewall was created Baron of Turvey and Viscount Barnewall of Kingsland. In 165S Cromwell directed by his letter that Lord Kingsland should have a lease of his house at Turvey, and £500 per annum set apart for him, which was done accordingly. In 1685 Henry Lord Viscount Kingsland passed patent for Turvey and its subdenominations, 432 acres, and the mill thereto belonging, the towns and lands of Ballawley, Ballystroan, part of Hodgestown, Fieldstown, with the fair, &.c. the outlands of Swords, with part of the town of Swords in several parcels, 74 acres, the mill and mill race of Killossery, the town and lands of Grace Dieu, with the tithes thereof, &c, Drishogue 222 acres, Grange of Ballyboghill 395 acres, &c, Skiddow and Ballgeeth 360 acres, Hob's- Wall 115 acres, coneyburrow of Portmarnock and the mill thereunto belonging 336a. 1r. &c, also the tithes of the town and lands of Rob's- Wall, the manor, town, lands and preceptory of Kilmainhambeg, &c. In this demesne the writer of these pages witnessed the felling of a noble ancient tree, and surely there is truth in those philosophers who found u tongues in THE FAMILY OF BARN E WALL. 301 trees." As this beauty of the wood, with all her leafy honours round her, tottered and groaned upon her amputated roots, it seemed as if the Hamadryad was deeply complaining from her sylvan temple. With the enthusiasm of the ambassador, whom Livy pour- trays so affected as by the presiding intelligence of an oak of centuries, it was almost the first impulse to arrest the arm of the woodcutter, and certainly the confirmation of his deforming work could not be wit- nessed. In a remoter glade, and under the fantastic but richly furnished branches of a beech, as umbrageous as Tityrus himself could have enjoyed, it was more con- genial to muse upon the achievements of the noble name, on which Turvey has the honour of conferring one title. The Family of Barnewall. . " It is a reverend thing," says Bacon, " to see an ancient castle or building not in decay, or to see a fair timber tree sound and perfect, how much more to behold an ancient noble family, which hath stood against the waves and weathers of time." The incident, above alluded to, especially suggested the quotation, and to no line could it have been more justly applied, than to that which is the subject of this little memoir. " The Barnewalls," says Stanihurst, " came from little Britain, where they are at this day a great surname." In 1066 " le Sieur de Barneville" was one of the knights in the train of William the Conqueror, as Bromt on's list runs : Barneville et Berners, Cheyne et Chalers. In 1078 the Conqueror, having pursued the insurgent Saxons to the Roman wall, returned to York in triumph, and there bestowed upon Roger de Barneville the manor of Newton in Cleveland, and various other lands which his immediate descendants possessed 302 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. until the fourteenth century. The aforesaid Roger, together with his brother Hugh, on the declaration of the Holy War at the Council of Clermont in 1095, hastened to receive upon their habits the consecrated cross. In the following year they joined the banner of Duke Robert, wintered in Apulia, and early in 1097 sojourned for some days at Constantinople, where, in the Blan- chernal palace, de Barneville and the rest of the Duke of Nor- mandy's retainers did homage to the Emperor Alexius, and received for this acknowledgment the most expensive presents. The subsequent achievements of de Barneville against the Sultan Kilidge Anslan, the Solyman of Tasso, are the theme of the most glowing eulogies from the Latin historians. Roger ultimately fell before the walls of Antioch. His third son Roger was one of the military retainers of Robert de Bruce, and finally became a monk in the abbey of St. Sauveur le Vicomte. The family was also esta- blished in the twelfth century in Southamptonshire. In 1170 Jordan de Barneville was one of the knights bound to render military service for his possessions in the Duchy of Nor- mandy, which he lived to see subdued by Philip Augustus, to whom, in 1204, he vowed allegiance. At the close of the twelfth century, the family is traced in the records of Essex, Suffolk, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Wiltshire, Middlesex, and a highly re- spectable branch at Hockworthy in Devonshire. About the same time some of its members passed into Ireland, where, " upon their first arrival," says Stanihurst, " they won great possessions at Beerhaven, but were at length, by conspiracy of the Irish, headed by the O'Sullivans, all slain, except one young man, who then studied the common laws in England," Hugh alias Ulfran de Barneville, to whom, on his return, King John, in 1215, granted the lands of Drymnagh and Tyrenure in the Vale of Dublin, which his posterity held until the reign of James the First, when it was granted to Sir Adam Loftus. This Hugh gave twenty ounces of gold to the crown for the custody of the son of William Traim, and the daughter of Adam Rudipat, his wife, and of their lands during their minority, which was accordingly granted to him, saving the dower of Adam Rudipat's widow. Hugh died without issue, whereupon Reginald de Barneville, his brother, suc- ceeded as his heir, acquired considerable accession of property by THE FAMILY OF BARNEWALL. 303 royal grant, and was the direct ancestor of the Lords of Trim- lestown. About this time the Augustinian monastery of Odder was founded by one of the family. In 1277 and the immediate subsequent years, Gilbert de Barneval was summoned to perform military service against Llewellyn, Prince of Wales. Members of the family were at this time considerable landed proprietors in Middlesex, Devonshire, and Yorkshire. In 1319 John de Berneville was knight of the shire for Somersetshire. In 1348 and previously, Sir Wolfran Barnewall was seised of Kilbrue in the county of Meath, with the advowson of its church, and about the same time Reginald de Barnewall was seised of Tyrenure in the vale of Dublin, as hereafter mentioned. In 1373 John de Barneval, knight, was summoned to a great council to be held in Dublin. In 1433 John Barnewall, the ancestor of the Lords of Kingsland, was sheriff of the county of Meath. In 1435 Christopher Barnewall of Crickstown, was Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland, he was the son of Sir Wolfran de Barne- wall by the daughter of the celebrated Lord Furnival. In 1462 Robert Barnewall, for his good services to the king's father when in Ireland, had a grant constituting him a baron of parliament, to hold said dignity to him and his heirs male by the title of Lord and Baron of Trimlestown, with an annuity of £10 payable by the Prior and Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, out of the farms of the Salmon-leap and Chapelizod ; and the further privilege of being of the King's Council in Ireland during life. At the same period, Sir Nicholas Barnewall of Crickstown, the lineal ancestor of Sir Aylmer Barnewall, baronet, and brother of said Robert Lord Trimlestown, was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland. In 1474, when the brotherhood of St. George was constituted by parliament of thirteen of " the most noble and worthy per- sons within the four shires," Barnaby Barnewall, brother of Chris- topher of Crickstown, C. J. of the K. B., was one of the three for the county Meath. They were to assemble annually at Dub- lin, on St. George's day, to express their zeal for English govern- ment, and thence were styled the fraternity of St. George. To their captain, who was to be chosen, for one year, on their anni- 304 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. versary, were assigned as his train 120 archers on horseback, and forty other horsemen with one attendant to each. The archers were to receive sixpence daily pay, the others, for themselves and their attendants, fivepence, with an annual stipend of four marks. Thus was the defence of the English pale entrusted to 200 men and thirteen officers, with such tumultuary levies as might be raised on any sudden emergency. To support this armament the fraternity was empowered to demand twelve pence in the pound out of all merchandises sold in Ireland, except hides and the goods of freemen of Dublin and Drogheda. They were also em- powered to make laws for the regulation of their society, to elect new members on vacancy, and their captain had authority to ap- prehend outlaws, rebels, and all who refused due obedience to law. In 1487 Christopher, the second Lord Trimlestown, was one of the Irish nobles deceived by the pretensions of Lambert Simnel, for which, however, he received pardon in 1488. Lord Trimlestown sat in the parliament of 1490, and, attending the Earl of Kildare into Connaught, was present at the battle of Knock- tow. In 1495 Thomas Barnewall was second Baron of the Exche- quer in England. In 1509 John (afterwards third Baron of Trimlestown) was no- minated second justice of the Court of King's Bench. In 1522 he was appointed Treasurer of Ireland, and High Treasurer in 1524. In 1532 he received a fee-farm grant of certain lands in the county Louth, and in 1534 was constituted Lord High Chancel- lor of Ireland, which office he held till his decease. The annals of the Four Masters, speaking of the invasion of Munster, by the Lord Deputy against the O'Briens, in 1510, record an engagement which took place near O'Brien's Bridge, in which, amongst others " on the English side," fell Barnewall of Crickstown. In 1536 the aforesaid Barnewall, Lord of Trimlestown, while chancellor of Ireland, was joined with Sir William Brabazon in a foray on the lands of O'Connor in Carbury. In 1537 he was one of those de- puted to parley with O'Neill, on which occasion he affected a peace with that chieftain. His son Peter was solicitor general of Ireland in 1534. In the parliament of 1541 the Baron of Trim- lestown was one of the sitting lords. In 1547 Patrick Barnewall, of the Kingsland line, was a sergeant-at-law, and in 1550 was THE FAMILY OF BARNEWALL. 305 created Master of the Rolls, while in 1559 James Barnewall was Attorney-General for Ireland. At the hosting of Tara, Robert Barnewall attended to do military service, in right of lands in the county of Dublin ; and in 1560 Patrick Barnewall, Baron of Trimlestown, was one of the sitting lords in the parliament held by the Lord Deputy Sussex. In 1563 Sir Christopher Barnewall, whose political informa- tion was much esteemed, was the popular leader of the parlia- ment, and strongly resisted the suspension of Poyning's law. In 1568 he vehemently inveighed against the constitution of the Irish House of Commons. First, because there were certain bur - gesses returned for sundry towns, which were not corporate and had no lawful voice in the parliament. Secondly, because certain sheriffs and certain mayors of towns corporate, had returned themselves ; and thirdly, because a number of Englishmen were returned to be burgesses of such towns and corporations, which some of them never knew, and none at all were resident and dwelling in the same, according as by the laws was required. In 1572 " Robert Barnewall, Lord of Trimlestown, a rare nobleman, and endued with sundry good gifts, having wholly wedded himself to the re- formation of his miserable country, was resolved for the whet- ting of his wit, which, natheless, was pregnant and quick, by a short trade and method he took in his study, to have sipt up the very sap of the common law ; and, upon this determination, sail- ing into England, sickened shortly after at a worshipful matron's house, where he was, to the great grief of all his country, pierced with death, when the weal public had most need of his life." — Some years before his decease, this nobleman was joined in com- mission with Hugh, Archbishop of Dublin, for the preservation of the peace within the pale, against Shane O'Neill. In 1575 died at Turvey the before-mentioned " Sir Christopher Barnewall, knight, the lanthorn and light as well of his house as of that part of Ireland where he dwelt ; who, being sufficiently furnished as well with the knowledge of the Latin tongue as of the common laws of England, was zealously bent to the reformation of his country ; a deep and a wise gentleman, spare of speech and therewithal pithy, wholly addicted to gravity, being in any pleasant conceit rather given to simper than smile, very upright in dealing, measuring all X 306 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. his affairs with the safety of conscience, as true as steel, close and secret, fast to his friend, stout in a good quarrel, a great house- holder, sparing without pinching, spending without wasting, of nature mild, rather choosing to pleasure where he might harm, than willing to harm where he might pleasure." His is the mo- nument hereafter noted as still existing in the north aisle of the church of Lusk. In the parliament of 1585 Lord Trimlestown sat as a baron, while John Barnewall was one of the representatives for Drog- heda, Robert Barnewall for Ardee, and Richard Barnewall for the county Meath, Sir Patrick Barnewall of Crickstown also sat in that parliament. At the general hosting at Tara in 1593, Sir Pa- trick Barnewall of Crickstown brought four archers on horse- back as his service, as did Sir Patrick of Turvey one archer for Turvey, and four for Grace Dieu in defence of the county Dub- lin ; this latter was a patentee to a great extent of monastic pro- perty in the counties of Dublin, Meath, Galway, Kildare, and Roscommon. He also was buried at Lusk. In 1597 the Baron of Trimlestown and his son attended the standard of the Lord Deputy in his incursion on O'Neill. It was found necessary, however, to detach the latter with a thousand men to attack an English associate of O'Neill, named Tyrrel, who, affecting to fly, drew his enemies into a defile concealed by trees, where he was enabled to attack them in front and rere, utterly defeated their forces, sent their young commander prisoner to O'Neill, and gave his name to the locality of Tyrrelspass. In 1605 Sir Patrick Barnewall, the great agent of the Irish recusants, was, on account of his zeal in their behalf, by the king's command sent in custody into England, and committed to the tower of London. The English council, consisting of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Sec. thereupon required Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and his council, to answer the accusations which Barnewall made against the said deputy, the most important of which they considered, that he complained of precepts being sent forth in Ireland under the great seal to compel men to go to church. About this time, Ro- bert Barnewall of the county Meath line, and a lawyer of Gray's Inn, published an abridgment of the second part of the Year Book THE FAMILY OF BARNEWALL. 307 of King Henry the Sixth, which, as it contained many cases con- cerning Irish affairs, he dedicated to Sir Robert Gardiner, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. In this dedication he observes, u that among all the volumes of the law he had read, the second part of Henry the Sixth was the worthiest to be heeded by all who should intend the manner of proceeding of law in Ireland." In 1606 occurs a curious notice in reference to the daughter of the afore- said Sir Patrick Barnewall and Valerian Wellesley, who being a minor, his guardian contracted for his marriage with that lady ; on attaining, however, the age of fourteen, he came personally into the Court of Exchequer, and there in full court protested against the contract, as " being fully resolved in my own mind to keep myself at liberty, until God shall grant me best judgment to make choice for myself." In 1612 Robert Lord Trimlestown was one of the six peers of the Pale who addressed, to a monarch habituated to the most ab- ject flattery, the honest remonstrance well known to every reader of Irish history, especially complaining of the deposing the most loyal of the magistrates for not taking the oath of supremacy, and also requiring a thorough corporate reform. {; And so upon the knees of our loyal hearts we do humbly pray, that your highness will be graciously pleased not to give way to courses in the general opinion of your subjects here, so hard and exorbitant, as to erect towns and corporations of places consisting of some poor and beg- garly cottages, but that your highness will give direction that there be no more created till time, or traffic, or commerce, do make places in the remote and unsettled countries4iere fit to be incor- porated, and that your majesty will benignly content yourself with the service of understanding men, to come as knights of the shires out of the chief countries to the parliament." And these noble- men offered to prove their allegations in person, and begged per- mission so to do ; u for we are those by the effusion of whose an- cestors' blood the foundation of your highness's empire over this kingdom was first laid." In the parliament of 1613 Robert Barne- wall was one of the representatives for the county Meath. and in 1621 Patrick Barnewall of Shankhill, in the county Dublin, was also seised of very considerable possessions in the county "Wicklow. In the priorities of Lord Strafford's celebrated procession in x 2 308 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 1C34, Lord Trimlestown talked after Lord Dunsany and before Lord Howth, the youngest being foremost. Lord Dunsany sub- sequently claimed precedence, but his petition was disallowed. In the parliament of 1639 Nicholas Barnewall of Turvey, and Peter Barnewall of Tyrenure were the representatives for the county of Dublin, while Sir Richard Barnewall of Crickstown was one of those for the county of Meath, and Patrick Barnewall of Kilbrcw for the borough of Trim. This Sir Richard raised and command- ed one hundred horse at his own charges in the ensuing troubles, and on one particular occasion despatched Christopher Barnewall of Crackenstown, and Andrew, son of Patrick Barnewall of Kil- brew, with two hundred men under their command, to defend the town of Kilsallaghan against the English army. In 1641 Barnewall of Rathesker, a colonel of the Irish army, and deputy custos rotulorum of the county Louth, was taken pri- soner by Lord Moore in the action of Tullyallen, and his castle with great store of provisions taken and plundered ; while about the same time, "Patrick Barnewall of Kilbrew, one of the most considerable gentlemen of the Pale, a venerable old man, a lover of quiet, and highly respected in his country, having surrendered himself to the Earl of Ormond, and received a safe conduct from Sir William Parsons, was nevertheless upon his arrival in Dublin imprisoned and put to the rack ; which," says Leland, " he endured with so steady an avowal of his innocence, and such abundant evi- dence was offered in his favour, that the Justices were ashamed of their cruelty, and to make some amends to the unhappy gentleman, he was permitted to reside in Dublin, and his estate protected from the general havoc of the soldiery." He had been one of those present at the great meeting on the hill of Crofty. At the same era of trouble, Lord Trimlestown attended the gathering on Tara Hill, and was one of the eight noblemen, who signed the letter of remonstrance against the intolerance of the Lords Justices* In the subsequent measures, adopted by the confederate Catholics, for raising soldiers in the several baronies of the Pale, that of Navan was assigned to this nobleman, as were those of Ratoath and Dunboyne to Sir Richard Barnewall of Crickstown and Pa- trick Barnewall of Kilbrew. This general muster organized a force of upwards of 12,000 men, on the assembling of which Lord THE FAMILY OF UAUNEWALL. 309 Trimlestown was one of the four peers who, from their camp near Drogheda, addressed the Marquis of Clanricarde, assigning the motives for thus taking up arms. " First, then, we declare unto your lordship, that the only scope and purpose of our taking up of arms is for the honour of God, to obtain a free exercise of the ancient Catholic Roman religion, so long and so constantly adhered unto by us and our progenitors in this kingdom, and whereof we have been threatened to be utterly deprived, and from which no- thing but death or utter extirpation shall remove us. Next, for restitution of the absolute sovereignty or prerogative royal of our most gracious king, whereof we to our great grief do behold him abridged by some ill affected subjects, aiming therein at their own private ends ; and, thirdly, for the liberty of this our country, which the parliament of England (our fellow-subjects) seeketh to captivate and enthral to themselves, the experience whereof we have for a long while found under the heavy pressures of the sub- ordinate governors placed over us, the particulars whereof, too tedious to be related, are sufficiently known to most parts of the Christian world, and yet obscured and concealed from the eyes and ears of our gracious king at home, because he should not commise- rate us to give order for our deliverance. These, then, and none other, we call God to witness, are the grounds and motives of the action we have in hand." His castle at Trimlestown, in the county of Meath, was soon afterwards taken by the Lord Deputy. On the breaking out of these troubles Nicholas Barnewall, then proprietor of Turvey, fled with his family to W ales, whence he returned in 1643, and the king soon afterwards, being sensible of his loyalty, and taking a special notice both of his services in Ireland and those of his son Patrick in England, created him Baron of Turvey and Viscount Barnewall of Kingsland. He married the widow of O'Donnell Earl of Tyrconnel, and on his decease was also buried at Lusk. Amongst the confederate Catholics, who sat at Kilkenny in 1646, were George Barnewall of Kingstown, Henry Barnewall of Castleriekard, and James Barnewall. Sir Richard Barnewall, the second baronet of Crickstown, was also one of the provincial coun- cil at Kilkenny, and was excepted from pardon for life and estate by Cromwell's act of parliament passed in August 1652. He was afterwards transplanted into Connaught, attainted, and deprived 310 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of all his estates until the Restoration, when, being one of the nominees mentioned in the Act of Settlement, he was restored to his mansion-house and 2000 acres adjoining, soon after which he died. In 1650 Mathias, the twelfth Lord Baron of Trimlestown, was also transplanted into Connaught by Cromwell, who gave him some less valuable estates in that province, in lieu of those which he had inherited in Leinster, although the said baron had taken no part in the civil wars, as was afterwards particularly declared in the Acts of Settlement and Explanation. In 1688 John Barnewall of Crickstown, was appointed se- cond Justice of the Exchequer. Viscount Kingsland, and Robert, the ninth Baron of Trimlestown, sat in the peerage of King James's parliament in 1689, while among the Commons on that occasion, were Francis Barnewall of Woodpark, county Meath, and Sir Patrick Barnewall, the third Baronet of Crickstown, one of the representatives for that county. King James at this time gave a warrant to Lord Trimlestown for the reversal of the outlawry that affected his title, but the process was interrupted by succeeding events. Nicholas, the third Viscount Kingsland, also espoused the cause of King James, and was outlawed accordingly. On the route at the Boyne he went to Limerick, where he continued until its surrender ; but, being comprehended within the Articles, he obtained a reversal of his outlawry. In King William's first parliament he delivered his writ of summons, and took the oath of allegiance, but, being required to subscribe the declaration accord- ing to the English act, he refused so to do, declaring it was not agreeable to his conscience, whereupon, the Lord Chancellor acquainted him, that the consequence of his refusal was, that he could not sit in that house, upon which his lordship withdrew. In September, 1691, Mathias, the tenth Baron of Trimlestown, was one of the hostages from the Irish army, pending the Treaty of Limerick. He and his brother John followed the fortunes of the fallen monarch. The former had a commission under the Duke of Berwick, and fell in action against the Germans in 1692, whereupon the latter returned from Flanders to this country, re- covered the family estates, and had writ of summons to parliament as Baron of Trimlestown, but being a Roman Catholic, he applied to the then Lord Deputy in council to excuse him accordingly. THE FAMILY OF BARNEWALL. 311 In 1695 Alexander Barnewall was lieutenant-colonel in Clare's regiment of dragoons in the French service, while about the same time Lord Trimlestown had three sons in foreign service, Thomas in France, James in the Spanish service, and Anthony, who went into Germany at the age of seventeen, in General Hamilton's regiment of cuirassiers. He was engaged in every action of note against the Turks, and in the memorable battle of Crotzka, in September, 1739, on the fall of his superior officer, twice led his regiment to the charge, but perished on the last occasion, being surrounded and cut down by the enemy. In 1745 Lieutenant George Barnewall of Berwick's regiment, was taken prisoner off Montrose, on board the Louis the Fifteenth, by the Milford, as was another Lieutenant Barnewall on board the Charite in 1746, and Lieutenants William, Edward, and Basil Barnewall were also captured at sea, fighting in the same service. In the engage- ment which occurred in 1747 at Lauffield village near Maestricht, Captain Brian Barnewall of Clare's regiment of the Irish Brigade was killed, as was Captain Edward Barnewall in Berwick's, and Captain Thomas Barnewall badly wounded. Thomas, the thirteenth Lord Trimlestown, was a Knight of Malta. In 1768 Nicholas, the fourteenth Baron of Trimlestown, married the only daughter of Monsieur Joseph d'Augin, President of the Parliament of Tholouse, by whom he had issue the suc- ceeding lord, and one daughter who was married in 1795 to Peter, Count D' Alton. In 1793 John Thomas Barnewall, Esq. (the present Lord Trimlestown), only son to Count Barnewall, formerly of the king- dom of France, and cousin to the Lord Trimlestown of that day, was married to Miss Kirwan, the eldest daughter of the celebrated Richard Kirwan, whose scientific acquirements were so highly es- teemed. In 1795 this nobleman obtained an absolute avoidance of the outlawry which affected the title in his line, and judgment of reversal was entered in the Court of King's Bench in Hilary term of that year as of Michaelmas term, 1689, when it had been intended to be granted by King James. From the back of Turvey house a bridle way leads by Beaverstown, also the estate of Lord Trim- 312 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. lestown ; between which and Rush is a tract of sand and mud, wide in the inside, but not more than 400 yards across, at the neck where the tide enters, and which could consequently be easily recovered from the sea. Along the verge of this warren the way continues into PORT RAN Ej the seat of Mr. George Evans, one of the present representatives for this county. His mansion-house is a spacious brick building, situated nearly in the centre of a fine deer-park. It commands prospects at the land side of nearly the whole of Fingal, while the seaward views are relieved and enlivened by the islands of Lambay and Ireland's Eye, the bold pro- montory of Howth, the projections of Portane and Hush, and the enchanting perspective of the Wicklow mountains. This demesne comprises some of the best lands in the county, and its plantations, though so much exposed, thrive with unusual vigour. Pret- ty avenues and paths have been designed through the woods, but they are latterly much neglected. North of the demesne, on the shore, the thickly- ivied ruins of the church, and its large, square steeple, evince its former extent. Within the w r alls are the mo- numents of Mr. Adam Lynar, who died in 1722, and of Mr. Hampden Evans, who died in 1820, aged 80. The graveyard has no tombs of note. At a short distance hence a square tower of moderate dimensions marks the site of the old castle, formerly the resi- dence of a branch of the familv of Cusack of Rathal- PORTRANE. 3L3 (Iron. The summit is attained by forty-eight stone steps, terminating in an angular watch tower which commands a most noble and extensive view. " The shore at Portrane presents partly a surface of strand and partly of rocks, worn into recesses and caves by the action of the tides. The pier, hereafter mentioned, lies in ruins and unfrequented. The neighbouring rocks afford the idva lactuca, oyster green laver ; and the ulva umbilicalis navel laver ; which, when boiled, in sea water, are packed in little earthen pots, and sold under the name of sloke, being in highest season in winter. " The rectory of Portrane being impropriate in William Ward and George Evans, the parish ranks as but a curacy. It extends over 2520a., 3r., 15p., and has been episcopally united, from time immemo- rial, with the vicarage of Dunabate, in which latter parish the church of the union is situated. The Archbishop of Dublin is the patron. In 1834 its population was returned as 729 persons, of whom 71 8. were Roman Catholics. This parish is chiefly laid, out in tillage. The principal proprietors of the fee are Lord Trimlestown and the Archbishop of Dub- lin, Mr. Evans being but a tenant, of an expiring lease, under the see. The acreable rent, on modern lettings, is from £1 10s. to £2 per annum, the wages of labour only 6s. per week to those who get constant employment. A cabin without land is rented at about £1 10s. per annum. There is a corn-mill on the townland. Between the village and Dunabate is a grotesque edifice, erected by Mr. Evans, as a school- 314 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". house for boys and girls, 130 of whom received edu- cation there in 1S34. The chapel is situated at the junction of the two parishes of Portrane and Dunabate, which are also uni- ted in the Roman Catholic arrangement. This edifice is cruciform, situated in the centre of a burial ground, in which is a monument to the Rev. Peter Teelinsr. pastor during thirty years of this union, and who died in 1S24 at the advanced age of SO. It was un- der his auspices the chapel was erected. " On the shore, in a subterranean cave, is a spring well known by the name of Chink-well, from the virtue tradition ascribes to it in the cure of chin- coughs. In dribbling down the sides of the grotto this water forms, where it falls, stony incrustations of various figures and vast extent, which ferment strong- ly with spirit of vitriol.* • ; Portrane and Dunabate form nearly a peninsula, being flanked on the north and south by inlets from the sea. The former is the more considerable elevation of the two., being separated from the latter by an in- tervening hollow. The eastern part of the headland of Portrane consists of transition rocks. In the south- eastern quarter under Portrane house, the hollow, which winds towards Dunabate, is occupied by red sandstone conglomerate, and this rock appears to con- stitute the whole of the rising ground of Lhinabate, at the foot of which the new chapel may be seen, founded upon the sandstone. To the westward of Dunabate the country consists of rloetz limestone, and * Ru:-:y'5 Mineral Waters, p. 4n3. POIITRAXE. 315 the western part of Portrane, on which the mansion stands, appears also to be composed in part of lime- stone, for in sinking a well there, seventy feet deep, fifty-nine feet passed through soil, and the last eleven feet were sunk in limestone ; but this is probably connected with the transition rocks in the eastern quarter. The actual contact of the rocks here no- ticed cannot be traced, but from their general posi- tion it may be inferred that the sandstone conglo- merate rests upon the transition series. " The north side of Portrane headland exhibits rugged rocks, composed of massy unstratified green- stone, which extend to the eastward about fifty yards beyond the quay. This greenstone is commonly a com- pact felspar, coloured by hornblende, varying from a greyish green to a dark, blackish green. Sometimes, however, it is reddish brown , or brick red, and in patches siskin green. In some places it acquires the charac- ter of clay-stone, and in others the rock consists of ill-defined crystals of hornblende and felspar. Cal- careous spar appears also disseminated in spots, in- creasing occasionally so much as to constitute nearly the mass of the rock. Disseminated iron pyrites like- wise occur, and the greenstone is partly traversed by small, contemporaneous veins of calcareous spar and quartz, and in two instances by veins composed of a mixture of epidote and quartz. The greenstone is also porphyritic in some places, as near the western side of the quay. Proceeding along the coast the massy greenstone is perceived at low water, present- ing a face which declines to the southward under an 316 COUNTY 01 DUBLIN. angle of 46°, and within a few feet of it is a stratified conglomerate in a similar position, which, no doubt, rests upon it, the line of range being 15° north of east and south of west. This conglomerate consists of a base of compact greenstone slate merging into clay slate, and involving rounded and angular frag- ments of limestone, greenstone, and calcareous spar, and also pebbles of a mixture of greenstone and cal- careous spar, and of conglomerate analogous -in com- position to that of the whole mass. Through the base a good deal of calcareous spar is disseminated, and sometimes also quartz. Some of the fragments are of the size of the head, and in general they affect a flattened form with rounded angles, but many of them appear as complete pebbles. " This conglomerate or coarse grey wacke, presents a rough aspect in the parts adjacent to the greenstone, but in proceeding to the south-eastward, we observe it to acquire a finer grain, though occasionally intermixed with a coarser-grained, and passing into a greywacke slate. It is succeeded by beds, which alternate with each ether from a few inches to six and eight inches thick, composed of coarse-grained conglomerate green- stone and finer-grained conglomerate, all analogous in composition to those already described. AVe now encounter a conglomerate composed of angular and rounded masses of greenstone, cemented by calcareous spar, and this is succeeded by slaty, fine-grained con- glomerate, into which it seems to pass. Limestone thus appears at first intermingled with greenstone and greywacke slate, and afterwards alternating with the latter rock. The range of the beds in this spot PORTRANE. 317 is north -oast and south-west, and the dip 20° south- east. The intermixture of limestone with the grey- wacke slate, is very distinct in the vertical section of the cliff, south of the martello tower, where we per- ceive numerous boulders, pebbles, and masses of lime- stone scattered through the rock, frequently affecting a nearly rectilinear disposition across the strata, and nearly at right angles with the dip. " In a similar cliff adjoining on the south, this arrangement is still more striking, the limestone pebbles appearing in clustered masses of an irregular form, and occupying a space from a few inches to five and six feet wide, but also affecting a disposition at right angles with the dip of the greywacke slate. In a cave a little farther south, the limestone is seen in thin layers, seldom exceeding four or five inches in thickness, repeatedly alternating with the grey- wacke slate. The range is here 10° west of north and east of south, and the dip 50° towards the east. Farther south the alternating beds of limestone gra- dually acquire a greater thickness, but even here some of the beds consist of conglomerate, composed of large pebbles and angular fragments of limestone, cemented by greywacke slate. Limestone now pre- dominates in massy strata, some of which are several feet in thickness, ranging 20° east of north and west of south, and dipping 50° towards the east. On these massy strata are incumbent, alternating beds of lime- stone and greywacke slate, some beds of the former substance being even four, five, and six feet thick. These rocks are much contorted, and, indeed, inflec- 318 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tions prevail throughout the eastern part of this coast, whence arise the various range and dip already ob- served. In this quarter the beds lie almost horizon- tally, while the superior gradually acquire the high angle of 50°. " In a cove to the south a conglomerate appears, the base of which is a mixture of clay slate and lime- stone, enveloping pebbles and even boulders (two and three feet in diameter) of limestone, and of coarse greywacke, which consists of a clay slate base contain- ing much limestone, calcareous spar, quartz, clay slate, and greywacke itself. In the southern part of this cove the limestone is seen supporting massy strata of fine-grained greywacke, four and five feet thick, and forming cliffs forty and fifty feet in height, but some of the strata are only a few inches or one or two feet thick. The line of junction is well marked by a thin seam of calcareous spar rising from the south to the north under an angle of 15°. In the lower strata the greywacke is a firm, compact rock, of fine grain, containing numerous small scales of silvery mica dis- persed in all directions, sometimes also disseminated iron pyrites, and occasionally small fragments of clay slate. In the upper strata it merges into greywacke slate, and into clay slate. These slaty rocks fre- quently alternate with thin layers of limestone, from one inch to one-eighth or one-tenth of an inch in thickness, and they are also traversed by numerous small contemporaneous veins and strings of calcareous spar and quartz. " The diffusion of calcareous matter is so general PORTRANE. 319 through the greywacke, greenstone, and slaty rocks of this coast, that few varieties can be found which do not effervesce with acids, even when nothing cal- careous is visible to the eye. Rocks of this descrip- tion, greywacke slate and clay slate, with thin layers of limestone and fine-grained greywacke, with massy beds of limestone and limestone conglomerate, now occupy the coast for a considerable distance to the southward in undulated stratifications, the slaty rocks forming the predominant superincumbent mass, while the general range is nearly east and west throughout. Compact greenstone now appears near the southern martello tower, some of which is porphyritic, and tra- versed by numerous contemporaneous veins of quartz. It is succeeded by fine-grained greenstone slate pass- ing into clay slate, which contains fragments and spots of clay slate, quartz, and calcareous spar. This rock rests upon the compact greenstone, ranging east and west, and dipping 45° south. More south is met compact greenstone again resting upon the green- stone slate. It is porphyritic, and about one hundred yards from the martello tower, it consists entirely of greenstone porphyry, in which the felspar crystals are closely crowded together. But immediately under the tower we have greenstone slate again, similar to that before described. It seems nearly allied to the coarse clay slate or greenstone conglomerate, into which it probably passes, is of a mottled aspect, greenish or purplish in colour, and of this description is the whole rock south-east of the martello tower to the sea. To the south of the martello tower the beach is lined 320 COUNTV OF DUBLIN. with sand hillocks, which extend to the inlet from the sea that leads up to Malahide. " In the higher grounds of Portrane. as in the park and toward the house, are perceived only rocks of an analogous description, the general range of which appears to be nearly east and west, agreeing with that on the ccast. although in some places in- flected. The prevailing dip is to the south, varying from 50 c to an almost horizontal position, being also in seme parts inflected. The limestone on this coast is bluish grey, and even blackish grey, and of a va- rying texture, compact, partly foliated, and even nearly granularly foliated. In its fracture it exhibits no distinct petrifactions, yet when examined below the line where it has been acted upon by the sea. or- ganic remains are displayed in the most marked man- ner protruding above the surface of the wasted stone. They consist principally of zocphites. with some bi- valves. In the conglomerate rock under the pigeon- house at the park, (the base of which is a mixture of limestone and greenstone enveloping pebbles of limestone and greenstone.) bivalves, trocbites. and rcadreporites may be observed."* In 1040. according to the Black Book of Christ Church. Sitric. Kicr :: Dul'.ir. rave :: ■: tat esTac'ishcier.: and to D-matus. Eishop of Dublin, a place where the arches or vaults were founded, to build the church of the Holy Trinity upon, and also endowed it with the lands of Beldoyle and Portrane. with their villeins, cattle, and corn. In 1170 Earl Srrongbow confirmed this grant, as did Arch- bishop Laurence O'Toole in 1178. Portrane is accordingly enu- * Trans, of the Geolog. Soc vol. v. p. 222» &c. PORTRANE. 321 merated among the possessions of Christ Church in Pope Urban's bull of 1186. Pope Clement the Third, however, appears to have granted it to the see of Dublin, and, the archbishop having there- upon in 1197 asserted his claims, the canons of Christ Church compromised their title, on condition of receiving one hundred rabbits yearly out of the warren of Portrane, and in 1204 Patrick, the sub-prior of Christ Church, relinquished all rights of his house in Portrane and Lambay to Archbishop Comyn, on obtaining in lieu thereof Tilach, Dromin, and Ballochegan, and one carucate in Theholock.* Soon after which the church of Portrane was appro- priated by John, Archbishop of Dublin, for the proper uses of the Prioress of Grace Dieu,f and Archbishop Walter increased its revenues by grants of a house, a court, and a farm called Bally- cammon. In 1216 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed to the see of Dublin (inter alia) Portrane, with its appurtenances, as did King Edward in 1337, and King Richard while in Dublin in 1394. Accord- ingly in 1403 Thomas, Archbishop of Dublin, was found seised in his demesne as of fee in right of his church, of divers lands, rents, and services in Finglas, Rollestown, Portrane, Culleyn, &c.J In 1536 Sir John Barnewall, third Baron of Trimlestown, was constituted seneschal and receiver of a moiety of this with other manors, and the property, then acquired by him and by Sir Pa- trick Barnewall (ancestor of the Lords Kingsland) in this parish, is still in their family. For a notice of Portrane in 1537, see " Rush." An inquisition of 1541 finds, that the last Abbess of Grace Dieu was seised, with other possessions, of the following rectories appropriated to her house, viz. Grace Dieu, annual value £3 ; Port- rane, with a messuage and eighteen acres of land in Portrane belonging to the rectory, annual value £9 10.9. A subsequent inquisition states her having a castle here, with divers buildings called the threshing-house, &c, with the parsonage, hemp-yard, and haggard. At this time a branch of the Cusack family was resident here. In 1576 the queen granted to Francis Agard, Esq., one of the * Regist. of Cmist Church. % Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Repert. Viride. Y 322 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. privy council, the church and rectory of Portrane, and all and singular castles, manors, tithes, and all hereditaments spiritual and temporal to said rectory belonging, at the annual rent of £8, and the render of a rose on St. John's day. At that time eighteen acres of land appertained to this rectory, there was also the castle in Portrane, a close east of the castle, and a house in ruins north of the old hall, a range of stables, the slaughter- house of the manor, also the kitchen, and " a long stretch of houses called the New Hall, in the south corner of which the chaplain to the said prioress had his chamber, and celebrated divine service in the parish church." In 1608 Sir Henry Harrington of Grange-Con conveyed and assigned to Nicholas Ball of Dublin, alderman, the church and rectory of Portrane, with all tithes, &c. thereto appertaining, to hold to him and his heirs for ever. In the Regal Visitation Book of 1615 Portrane is described as "a rectory and vicarage impropriate, church and chancel in good repair, the profits sequestered for want of a curate." In the same year the king granted to Robert Kennedy and William Rowles of Dublin, as assignees of David Viscount Roche and Fermoy, {inter alia) Monangeragh, within the manor of Esker, 15a., the tithes of fish and lands of Portrane, parcel of the estate of the late monastery of Grace Dieu, 8a. in Miltown-Regis, within the manor of Newcastle, near the mill, with common of pasture and turbary.* According to the surveys taken at the time of the common- wealth, there were then 105a., plantation measure, of commons here. This tract has been sinoe enclosed. In 1665 William Usher was seised of the tithes of the fishery of Portrane, held of the king in free and common soccage, at an annual rent.f The whole tithes of the parish subsequently vested in the Ball family, and by the marriage of a daughter of that house with Richard Archbold of Eadstown, passed to him and his descendants. For a notice in 1697 see post, at "Dunabate." In 1712 Portrane was the residence of the ill-fated Stella. Soon afterwards Eyre Evans, Esq., M. P. for the county of Li- * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. CORBALLIES. 323 merick, settled here, and from him has the present proprietor de- scended. In 1775 the Irish parliament granted £500 for a pier and quay here at the instance of Mr. Evans. At this period, the creeks and shores of Portrane were filled with smugglers to such a daring extent, that in 1771, in one seisure, seventy-five chests and twenty casks of green and bohea teas, and one hundred and eleven casks of brandy were taken there, while in the island of Dunabate eight hundred casks of tea and brandy were seized on the same occa- sion. The revenue officers and their assistants were besieged during twenty-four hours, in the barns where they stored their prizes, by upwards of five hundred smugglers completely armed, with white cockades in their hats, and carrying a white flag. A Captain Luske, however, whose vessel was off the neighbouring coast, getting intelligence of the transaction, landed a considerable part of his crew, defeated and dispersed the smugglers, and carried the seizure to the king's stores. A private act of 1804 authorized the enclosing of the com- mons here and at Dunabate. From Portrane house, a shady, wooded road winds through evergreens down into Dunabate. Pursuing, however, another direction, unguided by road or path, the historian will seek the locality of CORBALLIES, situated in this parish, the estate of the Barnewalls in the four- teenth century, afterwards that of John Burnell of Balgriffin, and in the seventeenth century the residence of Luke Netterville, the second son of Viscount Netterville, who in 1641, by proclama- tion made at the market place of Lusk, assembled on four days' no- tice, an armed militia of 1200 men at Swords. The Lords Justices required them on their allegiance to appear at the Castle, but they returned for answer, " that they were constrained to meet there together for the safety of their lives, that they were put in such great terror by the rising out of some horse-troops and foot-com- y 2 324 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. panies at Dublin, who killed four Catholics for no other reason than that they bore the name of that religion, that they durst not as they pretended stay in their houses, and therefore re- solved to continue together till they were assured by their lord- ships of the safety of their lives, before they run the hazard thereof, by manifesting their obedience due unto their lordships."* The Lords Justices and Council subsequently offered a rew ard of £400 for the head of Netterville. He died during the civil war, leaving issue by his wife Mabel, daughter of Sir Patrick Barn e wall of Turvey, two sons, Richard, who died young, and Francis, a colonel in the Irish army, whose issue also failed. On the death of their father, the parliament in 1648 granted the capital messuage, town, and lands of Corbailies, with so much of his estate adjoining as should amount to £400 per annum English, to Anne, Lady Har- court, widow of Sir Simon Harcourt, who lost his life in that war, and it is now part of the estate of Mr. Cobbe. DUNABATE succeeds, with, the fine remains of its church and cas- tle. The latter is a single square, situated in the churchyard, and thickly overgrown with ivy. The former was dedicated to St. Patrick. In its ruins are several sepulchral monuments, particularly one to the memory of Patrick Barnewall of Staffordstown, and his wife Begnet de la Hoyde, dated 1592, and ano- ther to Christopher Barnewall of Rathesker, who died in 1661, and which also bears inscriptions to his wife and their children. Near it in the same enclo- sure is a flat tombstone to Mr. Richard Fitz Simon, who died in 1709- The present church which adjoins it is in tolerable order, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners having granted * Temple's Irish Rebellion. DUNABATE. 325 £84 7s. 6d. for its repair. It is situated on such a commanding eminence, as is always found in Irish denominations beginning with " Dun ;" this of Dun- na-bate signifies the high fortress of the bay. The interior is remarkably neat, the gallery has a hand- somely-stuccoed cieling, and is appropriated for Mr. Cobbe's family. There is also a pew with the Trim- lestown escutcheon over it. Within this church is a handsome marble monument to the memory of Doctor Cobbe, Archbishop of Dublin, who died in 1765 ; of whom see the "Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dub- lin." Adjacent to the church-yard is a glebe of about three acres, on which a glebe-house has been built by a grant of £100, and a loan of £320 from the Board of First Fruits. The rectory being impropriate in the Rev. Mr. Hamilton, this parish ranks as but a vicarage in the deanery of Swords, episcopally united from time im- memorial with the curacy of Portrane, and in the gift of the Archbishop of Dublin. It compounded for its tithes at £220 per annum, of which £153 6s. &d. was made payable to the lay impropriator, and the residue to the incumbent. The parish comprises 364 1a. Or. 23p. chiefly used in tillage, while its population was re- turned in 1834 as 405 persons, of whom 337 were Roman Catholics. The number of labourers in the two parishes of Dunabate and Portrane are said to be 160, most of whom have constant employment. The wages of labour is from six to eight shillings per week. The rent of land here varies from £l 10s. to £2 per acre; that of a cabin, without land, is about £l 10s. 326 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. per annum. Mr. Cobbe and Lord Trimlestown arc the chief proprietors of the fee. The soil may be said to rest upon clay slate. About the year 1230 Dunabate, which was theretofore a cha- pelry annexed to Swords, was disunited therefrom by Archbi- shop Luke, and the rectory granted by him to the monastery of Grane.* The vicarage was at that time indifferently called Tur- vey or Dunabate, and with such an alias is it described in 1240 in the presentation of Richard de St. Martin thereto, by the Arch- bishop of Dublin. See ante at " Turvey." In 1310 the king, during the vacancy of the See of Dublin, presented William de Bathe to the vicarage of Dunabate."]" In 1419 Henry Marleburgh was vicar of Dunabate. He was so called as having been born at Marleburgh in Wiltshire. He wrote Annals of Ireland in Latin, which have since been translated into English, and are to be found at the close of Hanmer's Chro- nicle. Archbishop Allen in the Repertorium Viride states this church as then still appropriate to the nuns of Grane. In 1539 the vi- carage was rated to the First Fruits at £7 6s. 8c/., Irish. At the dissolution Egidia Wale, the last prioress of Grane, was found to have been seised of the rectories of Dunabate, Kilma- cud, and Bray, which, with their tithes and emoluments, were, as the inquisition states, appropriated to said house. For a notice of the possessions of the de la Hoyde family in this parish, see at " Lough Shinny" in 1542. In this and the following century the Luttrels had the rectory of Dunabate and the advowson of its church. ± The Regal Visita- tion of 1615 reports the value of the vicarage as £15 per annum ; John Ethridge being then its incumbent. In the rebellion of 1641 Nicholas Hollywood forfeited his life interest in Balcarrick and Baltra in this parish comprising 264a., which passed in remainder to John Hollywood.§ In 1672 Charles, Viscount Fitz Harding, died seised of 117a. * Repertorium Viride. t Ret. Pat. in Cane. Hib. | Inquis. in Cane. Hib. § lb. LiSSE N-H ALL. 327 in Dunabate, which he held in free and common soccage.* For a notice in 1673, see at " Esker." In 1697 the Reverend Charles Ternan was returned as parish priest of the parishes of Dunabate and Portrane, and resident at Turvey. For a notice in 1804, see at " Portrane." From Dunabate a pretty road leads by the shore of the Malahide creek, beyond which that village is seen, in white cottages scattered over its eminence. Presently Newbridge, the seat of Mr. Cobbe, ap- pears at right, with the Turvey stream deepened into a river as it passes through it. Within this demesne are the ivied ruins of Laundestown Castle, while at a small distance to the left is the old burying-place of Ballymacdrought, near which was an ancient resi- dence of the Walsh family. LISSEN-HALL next invites attention, a spacious house on the brink of a small creek. A memorial of the lords of the Pale to King Henry the Fifth in 141 7,f contains the following interesting passage referable to this locality. " On Monday in the Whitsunweek, at Lissenhall, Maurice O'Keating, chieftain of his nation, traitor and rebel to you our gracious Lord, for the great fear which he had of your said lieutenant, (Lord Furnival), for himself and his nation, yielded himself to the same your lieutenant without any condition, with his breast against his sword-point and a cord about his neck, then delivering to your said lieutenant, without ransom, the English prisoners which he had taken before, to whom grace was granted by indenture and his eldest son given in pledge, to be loyal lieges from thenceforward to you our Sovereign Lord." * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. t Ellis's Letters, New Series, vol. i. p. 60. 328 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In and previous to this year, the Moires family were settled here. Subsequently, on the occasion of an Inquisition taken as to the possessions of the prebend or rectory of Swords, it was shewn that the demesne appropriated thereto was the Court of Lissen- hall, with its orchard, garden, and lands. The lands of " big Lis- senhall" were then accounted as 150a., while those of little Lis- senhall were stated as 200. For further notices of Lissenhall about this period, see ante, at " Swords," in the years 1541 and 1637. In 1800 the glebe lands here were leased for £11 2 per annum. Passing through Swords a picturesque road leads to Brazeel, at first ascending at the south of the churchyard, then passing on the edge of a terrace that overhangs the little river and glen of Brackenstown, with its mills in the depth of the wooded valley, and its mansion-house seen on the opposite ascent from the glen. This house was formerly the residence of Viscount Moles- worth, whose ancestor, Robert Molesworth of Brackenstown was one of those attainted in King James's parliament. He subse- quently filled the office of ambassador from King William to the Court of Denmark, and ultimately was elevated to the Irish peer- age by King George the First. He was the author of " An Ac- count of Denmark," and more especially of " Considerations on the Agriculture and Employment of the Poor of Ireland." In this pamphlet his lordship deprecates the ruinous consequences of a tenant being suffered to deal with his farm as he pleases, for " that is what his laziness, his ignorance, or dishonesty prompts him to without regard to covenants." He recommends enact- ments restrictive of the courses of husbandry, the duration of leases, the extent of farms, the abolition of subletting, landjobbing and tithejobbing, the enclosure of commons, the establishment of agricultural schools in every county, the distribution of premiums to the best husbandmen, and the curtailment of holidays. On all which points he makes some very pertinent observations. " In LISSEN-HALL. 329 England," he says, "it is taken for granted that a tenant, who comes into a farm of good land with the grass side uppermost, at the usual rent of corn land in that country, and obtains liberty to break it up or make his best of it by ploughing it, has a profit during the first four years equal to the value of the inheritance of the land. Few landlords in this kingdom are sensible of this, and therefore do not provide accordingly ." In reference to the extent of farms. " twenty acres," he re- marks, "rightly distributed and well husbanded, shall yield more profit to the tenant, and do no harm to the landlord, than a hun- dred acres, managed as in Ireland, with infinite damage to both." He strongly recommends the erection of public granaries, to pre- vent the ruinous advance in the price of provisions when years of scarcity occur, and where he speaks of the agricultural schools, he suggests that Tusser's old book of husbandry should be taught to the boys, as " the very best English book of good husbandry and housewifery that ever was published, fitted for the use of humble men and farmers, and ordinary families. In these schools," he says, " I would not have any precepts, difference, or distinction of religions taken notice of, and nothing taught but only husbandry and good manners, and that the children should daily serve God according to their own religions, this school not being the proper place to make proselytes in." On his death in 1725 his eldest son, John, who had been en- voy to the Duke of Tuscany in 1710, and to the King of Sardi- nia in 1720, acquired the title as second Viscount, but dying in the same year was succeeded by his brother Richard, the third viscount, who became a field marshal in the army, and general and commander-in chief of the forces in Ireland. He entered a volunteer in Queen Anne's reign, in 1702 received a commission in the Earl of Orkney's regiment, whose colours he carried at the battle of Blenheim, and on the eve of the battle of Ramillies was appointed aid-de-camp to the Duke of Marlborough, whom he rescued from the French, by mounting him on his horse, when run down by their cavalry. After a campaign of active and suc- cessful service, he was appointed a colonel in 1710, and with his regiment was sent into Spain where he fought under the Duke of Argyle and the great Staremberg, and on the breaking up of that 330 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. regiment at Minorca, his lordship devoted the remainder of his life to study. The water works at Chelsea were at this time carried on under his direction. In 1715 he was again called into military service, fought and was wounded at the battle of Preston. He died in 1758 and was succeeded in the title by his only son Richard, the fourth viscount. Passing from Brackenstown, the ruins of the house of Brazeel appear at right. On this townland, on the night of the battle of the Boyne, the Duke of Berwick rallied about 7000 foot, " of which he sent to ac- quaint King James, then in Dublin, and desired he would please to send him some horse and dragoons to enable him to make his re- treat. The king accordingly ordered six troops of Luttrell's re- giment of dragoons, and three of Abercorn's horse, (which were all he had but those newly arrived with the king), to march to the Duke's relief ; but, as soon as it was night, that general found most of his gathering dispersed again, of which he sent an ac- count."* Brazeel became subsequently the property of the Bolton fa- mily, of whom Edward Bolton, the founder of this line, was, for his attachment to the cause of King William, attainted in James's parliament, as was also Richard Bolton. The mansion was de- stroyed by fire some years since, at which time a unique portrait of Sir Richard Bolton is said to have been burned. He was for- merly Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and in 1640 was impeached in the House of Commons as having assisted in the introduction of arbitrary government, by the assistance and countenance of the Earl of Strafford. In 1661, however, all records of this trans- action were voted to be expunged, " inasmuch as they seemed to be an entrenchment upon the honour, worth, and integrity of ho- nourable persons, whose memory this house cannot in justice suf- fer to be sullied with the least stain of evil report." In November, 1647, Owen Roe O'Neill and Sir Thomas Es- monde, with their royalist forces, encamped here. See at " Cas- tleknock." Beyond this * Clarke's Life of James the Second, vol. ii. p. 402. KNOCK.SE DAN. 331 KNOCKS ED AN presents the deserted remains of a once good inn and a large brick mansion, now inhabited by a Mrs. Aun- gier, overhanging a pretty glen watered by a winding rivulet. Here is a very remarkable circular moat, from which the locality derives its name, Knocksedan, i. e. the hill of the quicksand. It is elevated about fifty feet over the river, and commands a most extensive view. Ware, in reference to this object in his time, says, " Numbers of human bones are now to be seen lying promiscuously in this mount, which was opened for gravel some years ago by the orders of Mr. Blair, on whose land it stands. Some curious gentlemen," he adds, " about two years ago discovered in it a human skeleton of a monstrous size, which measured from the ankle bone to the top of the cranium eight feet four inches, so that, allowing a proportionable extension from the ankle to the sole of the foot, and for the skin and flesh covering the cranium, as well as for the space occupied by the cartilages between the several bones in a living body, the person, to whom this body belonged, must have been not far short of nine feet high. The scull in the most solid part was better than a quarter of an inch thick, and the bones of the big toe were each of them two inches long, and three inches and a quarter in circumference. The dentes molares, or grinders, were also enor- mously big, and the tibia above twenty inches long. 332 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The position of the head was to the north and south, and all the bones except the teeth were in a crumbling and decayed condition."* He conjectures that these remains were deposited there after the battle of Clon- tarf. There are two similar mounts within half a mile of this place. These funeral mounts, so much resembling the raths, and equally numerous over the country, are by the Irish Annals, particularly those of the Four Mas- ters, ascribed to the very highest antiquity. Indeed, they are "modelled after such a manner as wisely and effectually to answer the ends for which they were first designed, defying the injuries of the weather, and all the usual assaults of devouring time. They are raised on a large base, and gradually diminish as they advance upward, until at length they terminate at the top in a flat surface, and in the whole have the appearance of a cone. They differ in their dimen- sions and heights, according to the quality of the per- son for whom they were raised, as they do also in the materials composing them, some being made of earth only heaped together, and others of small, round paving stones with sand or earth mixed, and piled up in a high cone covered with a coat of green sods."f As they were often thrown up over those who fell in war, they became commemorative of places where battles were fought. The practice of raising such monuments over the dead, is one of the many aboriginal principles, which adhered to the different societies that diverged from the confusion of Babel ; Antiquities of Ireland, p. 150. t lb. p. 135. KNOCKS EDAN. 333 such was the tomb of Patroclus, as described in the twenty-third book of the Iliad, such were the barrows of Achilles, Antilochus, Peneleus, Ajax Telamon, iEsytes, &c, such were the mounts mentioned by Herodotus as raised over the Scythian kings, such those described by Strabo as constructed by the Myrsians and Phrygians over the dead, such the mo- nument of Dercennus who governed Laurentum be- fore the arrival of iEneas in Italy, such the royal mounts noticed by Lucan, such the pile erected over Damaratus the Corinthian, as recorded by Plutarch in his life of Alexander, such the tomb on the banks of the Wolga mentioned by Adam Olearius in his travels into Muscovy and Persia, and the tombs in Westphalia and Friesland described by Keisler in his Northern Antiquities, and such were the funeral piles of earth erected by the Danes over their kings and heroes, and which, during the long establishment of that people in Ireland, became mixed with the cor- responding memorials of the natives. About the glen of Brackenstown and in its woods, the botanist will find rosa arvensis, white trailing dog-rose ; tilia Europcea, common lime tree ; ranun- culus auricomus, goldylocks; stachys palustrts, marsh woundwort ; geranium rotundifolium, round leaved crane's-bill ; ulex Europceus, common furze, the best fuel for heating ovens; carex remota, remote sedge; car ex pendula, pendulous sedge ; carex pseudc-cy- perus, bastard cypress sedge ; polypodium aculeatum, prickly polypody ; meruleus umbilliferus, a delicate and minute species of mushroom; agaricus eleplian- 334 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ihius, which, when in perfection, is almost white, when cut becomes red. and when left to gradual de- cay becomes as black as if burned into charcoal: various other species of the azrarievs, or mushroom ; boletus bon'mis, cow-spunk, the young plants of which are eaten as a great delicacy in Italy ; the Russians, Poles, and Germans, also account them a dainty : bole- tus igniarius, touchwood spunk, used for tinder in some parts of England as also in Germany, while the Laplanders burn it round their habitations to keep off the gadfly from the young rein-deer, and the natives of Franconia are said to beat the inner substance into the form of leather and sew it together for garments: boletus olimceus, lichen otirareus, and scrophuhtria aquatiea, water figwort, in the wet ditches. More immediatelv near Knoeksedan £row. sxlene inflate^ bladder catchfly ; filia Europcpa, common lime tree ; and the primus cerasus, wild cherry tree. The cherry tree obtained its name from having been brought into Europe from Cerasus, a city of Pontus. by LuctlUus the Roman General, after his conquests in Asia, and was, perhaps, the only substantial fruit of the Mithridatic war. At Knoeksedan, a bold bridge of a single, tall, narrow arch is erected over the ^len. At one side of it a bad bridle road, but carried over a terrace that prettily overhangs the continuation of the glen already alluded to. crosses the rivulet by a worse than Al-Sirat bridge, and, passing by an ancient mill, leads into the holy solitude of K1LLEIGH. 335 KILLEIGH, a little ruinous village, on an uncultivated eminence, although within seven miles of the metropolis. Were the vicinity of this spot wooded, and its approaches made more practicable, it should be visited as a scene of much beauty and interest ; in its present stateit is utterly unknown. Sir Thomas Staples has the fee of this townland, which he lets at the acreable rent of £] 10s. per annum. The ruins of the church present chancel and nave, divided by a circular arch, with doorways, also circularlv arched. The length of the chancel is ten yards, of the nave fifteen, the width of each being five vards. Ash trees flank and overhang the ruin, but, neither within its walls nor in the surround- ing grave-yard, is there any tomb worthy of notice. The churches of the ancient Christians, it may be here observed, were always divided into two parts, viz. the nave or body of the church, and the sacra- rium, since called the chancel, from its being divided from the nave by cancelli latices, or cross-bars. The nave was common to all the people, the chancel was peculiar to the priests and sacred officers, and was al- ways placed at the east end of the church. In the chancel, the altar or communion-table was placed, which none were allowed to approach but such as were in holy orders, and the admission of the laity during the service, was expressly forbidden in the Greek church by the nineteenth canon of the Council 336 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of Laodicea. In the service of the liturgy in the fifth year of Edward the Sixth, a clause was added at the end of the first Rubric, expressly enjoining that the chancels should remain as they had done in times past. It is. however, to be observed, that the right of a seat and sepulchre in the chancel, was a privilege appertaining to every founder of a church. The parish, in which this place is situated, takes its name ; comprises 807a. 2r. 4p. in three townlands, and was returned in 1834 as having a population of 166 persons, all Roman Catholics. The rector}' being impropriate in the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's, this parish ranks as a curacy in the deanery and union of Swords. At a very remote period this was one of the cbapelries sub- servient to Swords, but, about the fifteenth century, was erected into a parish church, while its tithes were early appropriated to the economy of St. Patrick's. In 1414 Robert Luttrel was the proprietor of lands in this parish, of which he was deprived by William Ashbourne and Richard Maddocks. who were subsequently convicted thereof and outlawed.* The manor of Killeigh soon afterwards vested in the Hollywood family, and, on the marriage of Margaret- daughter of Sir Robert Hollywood, passed to her husband Robert BurnelLf In 1530 Allen styles Killeigh, " the most stately of all the chapels of Swords."J An inquisition of 1547 defines the extent of the tithes of the economy here, and computes their annual value as £4 13$. Ad. The regal -visitation of 1615 states this rectory to be impro- priate. At which time, and previously, the Dillon family were the chief proprietors here, but in 1641 the inheritor, Luke Dillon, having joined the lords of the Pale, forfeited the whole townland * K::. > Cane. Hi?. t lb. I Repertorium Viride. K1LLEIGH. 337 of Killeigh, containing 160 acres, together with the water-mill there ;* the manor, however, continued to be in the Hollywood family. For a notice of Killeigh in 1627, see at " Hollywood." In 1648 the tithes of Killeigh were demised to John Pue, Al- derman and Mayor of Dublin, for twenty-one years ; and in 1663 Lord Chief Baron Bysse obtained a lease, for twenty-one years, of " the tithe of corn and hay, and the small tithes of Killeigh parish." In 1666 John Hollywood, son and heir of Nicholas Hollywood of Artane, deceased, passed patent for Ballcarrig 375a., Baltra 67a., Westrew 68a., and the Moate of Killeigh 129a. statute measure ; and in 1669, Lord Kingston had a grant of 80a. plan- tation measure here, with a water-mill and water-course. For a notice of the tithes of Killeigh in 1681, see ante at " Malahide." In 1683 they were demised, with those of Skidow, to Henry Scardeville, Prebendary of Swords, with a saving to the curate, of the burials and £10 per annum salary. A wild pathway, commencing at the before men- tioned mill-head, leads hence to Chapel Midway, through a glen waving (12th of June) with scentless but graceful aquatic flowers, and overhung about mid- way by the ruinous remains of the old mansion-house of Westrew. Returning, however, through Knockse- dan, crossing the lofty arch of its bridge, and leaving Brackenstown, and the now serrated walls, that once enclosed its demesne, at left, the course of the present excursion proceeds by some extensive remains of an old family mansion-house at Forest, which once belonged to the Armstrong family. Its ancient great doorcase is embodied in a farm-house. Beyond it at left is Fosterstown, formerly the seat of that true patriot Baron Hamilton, from which a bleak road conducts to * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. Z 338 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. PICKERSTOWN. In 1359 Sir Elias Ashbourne was seised of various lands in Bar- baderstown, Gadstown, " Pycotstown," Colwellstown, Brekdens- town, (Brackenstown,) Colyncoght, and Rath near Killossery, with certain premises in Cook-street, which were then estreated for debts due to the crown. In the commencement of the seventeenth century, Robert Barnewall of Dunbroe, was seised of Pickerstown, Cowltree, and Barberstown, three messuages and eighty-two acres, which he held from the Archbishop of Dublin by fealty.* Hence to BALLYMUN, anciently parcel of the manor of Santry. Here is one of the four Roman Catholic chapels in the union of Clontarf, and near it a school-house for children of both sexes. Here also a charter-school is still sup- ported, the only one now existing in this county. (See ante, at " Santry.") Close to this a shady avenue leads into Santry. For a notice of Ballymun in 1435, see a Santry." In 1642 Edmund Barnewall died seised, by inheritance and in tail male, of the town and lands of Ballymun, four messuages and 180 acres, which he held of the king in capite by knight's service.f In 1673 the tithes of Ballymun were granted to the Arch- bishop of Dublin and his successors, in trust for the incumbent, subject to the yearly rent of £1 10s. The botany of Ballymun presents the air a cespi- tosa, turfy hair grass ; triticum repens, couch grass ; * Inquis. in Cane. Hib, BALLYMUN*. 339 erythrcea centaurium, common centaury ; chenopo- dium album, white goosefoot ; slum nodiflorum, procumbent water parsnip ; pimpinella saxifraga, common burnet saxifrage ; geranium Pyrenaicum, mountain crane's bill ; geranium rotundifolium, round-leaved crane's bill ; ulex Europceus, common furze ; lathyrus pratensis, yellow meadow vetchling ; trifolium filiforme, slender yellow trefoil ; lotus corni- culatus, common bird's-foot trefoil ; Hypericum qua- drangulum, square St. John's wort ; Hypericum perforatum, perforated St. John's wort ; apargia autumnalis, autumnal hawk-bit ; senecio tenuifolius, hoary ragwort. — In the ditches and hedges along the road sides, festuca sylvatica, slender wood fescue grass ; euonymus Europceus, common spindle tree, the fruit of which is used in many places to decorate churches and rustic kitchens ; vinca minor, lesser perriwinkle ; bunium flexuosum, pig-wort; ranun- culus hederaceus, ivy crowfoot ; lonicera periclyme- num, common honeysuckle, of which Darwin writes : " Fair Lonicera prints the dewy lawn, And decks with brighter blush the vernal dawn ; Winds round the shadowy rocks and pansied vales ; And scents with sweeter breath the summer gales sanicula Europcea, wood sanicle ; smyrnium olusa- trum, Alexanders ; prunus spinosa, sloe ; pyrus aucuparia, mountain ash, with its beautiful clusters of orange berries ; rosa canina, dog rose, perhaps the most elegant of our roses ; rubus corylifolius, hazel- leaved bramble ; fragaria vesca, strawberry ; ajuga reptans, common bugle ; vicia septum, common bush z 2 340 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. vetch ; Hypericum androscemum, tutsal ; sparganium ramosum, branched bur-reed. — In the fields, lolium perenne, rye-grass; allium vineale, crow garlic ; luciola campestris, field wood-rush ; lychnis flos cuculi, rag- ged robin ; galeopsis tetrahit, common hemp-bane ; euphorbia exigua, dwarf spurge. — In the woods, geum urbanum, common avens ; tilia Europcea, com- mon lime-tree; ranunculus auricomus, goldilocks: and on the old walls and roofs of houses, hedera helix, ivy ; glechoma hederacea, ground ivy ; sempervivum tectorum, house-leek. Proceeding from Ballymun to Glasnevin, in a sweet situation at the right off the road is Claremount Deaf and Dumb Institution, founded in 1816. It is a large and commodious establishment, with eighteen acres and a half of ground attached, for which £220 annual rent is paid. The master has a salary of £125 per annum with apartments, the assistant £40 with board and lodging. The charge here for pupils is at the highest £22 155., but the majority are supported gratuitously. In 1826 there were reported, as on this establishment, twenty-six males and nineteen females, of which total, eleven were Protestants, one Presby- terian, and thirty-one Roman Catholics, if, indeed, such religious distinctions could be attributed to per- sons of their capacities. New schoolrooms and dor- mitories have been since erected, and the Institution can now accommodate about 160, a number which it may be considered as having, as the candidates for admission, together with the 120 now (May, 1836) in the house, actually exceed that number. BALLYMUN. 341 In 1828 George Devoy willed, that the interest of two 6 per cent. Grand Canal debentures should be applied for the use of this establishment; and in 1832 George Nugent made a similar bequest of the in- terest of £50. Out of school hours the pupils are employed in useful works, contributing either to their health or to the formation of industrious habits. The boys in gardening, farming, tailoring, shoemaking, and other mechanical labours ; the girls in needlework, house- wifery, laundry work, and dairy management. The buildings, yards, and grounds are so arranged, that the boys and girls in the poor establishment have distinct schoolrooms and playgrounds, besides the master has entirely separate apartments and walks for his own family, and for private pupils of both sexes, who are either deaf and dumb, or afflicted with impediments in speech. Although the calamity of the visitation is scarcely perceptible in the facility, with which those affected by it here communicate and receive ideas, and although even the inanimate countenance and languid look, which peculiarly accompany their privations, are not here observable, yet is the appearance of a silent school and dumb preceptors an object too unique, to fail exciting the deepest interest. Numbers of pupils have already passed through this institution into the world, and are now taking their part in the industry and enjoyments of this life, and pursuing those moral duties and exercises, which will insure their welfare in the next. 342 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The Abbe de l'Epee, one of those pious and ex- cellent men whom heaven designed to bless mankind, was the founder of the first establishment for the relief of this class of persons, and the inventor, to a great degree, of the system for their education. A very remarkable account, connected with his benevolent practice in this line, afforded the plot of a little Trench play, since translated into the English, and entitled, "Deaf and Dumb." Passing hence by Hampstead, where within the last eight years Doctor Eustace established a lunatic asylum for a few patients, the tourist reaches the classical village of GLASNEVIN, once the residence of the celebrated Doctor Delany, where that learned divine assembled his coterie of wits in the Augustan age of Queen Anne ; where the patriot Dean and the beautiful and enduring Stella have charmed the feast ; where Southern has fre- quently sojourned ; and in whose immediate vicinity Addison, Sheridan, Parnell, and Tickell have resided. This village may be considered as divided into the old and the new town, both sweetly situated ; but the former, though once so recommended and fre- quented for the salubrity of its air, is, with the excep- tion of four or five houses, a range of ruins. The river Tolka, over which there is a fine bridge, divides them ; the new being on the Dublin and improving side : the great objects of interest are, however, in the old. GLASNEViX. 343 The church is a plain edifice, but the identical one, with little alteration, in which Dean Delany offi- ciated. A flag in the wall, near the entrance, states that it was rebuilt in 1707. On the floor near the communion table, is a stone commemorative of An- drew Caldwell, who died in 1710 ; and in the adjacent part of the outer church-yard are the tombstones of several of his descendants. Within the church are lso mu ral slabs, one of white marble, to the memory of George Cockburn, who died in 1773; and near it another for William Orr Hamilton, barrister at law, who died in 1817 5 aged thirty-six. In the grave-yard are very many monuments wor- thy of notice : one to the once well known Doctor Barret, a man no less learned than eccentric. He wrote memoirs of Swift, principally in reference to his progress through that only world of the Doctor's contemplation, Trinity College. By his will in 1821, after bequeathing certain pecuniary legacies and an- nuities therein particularly mentioned, he devised the whole residue of his property, which was very consi- derable, to trustees, " for the purpose of contributing towards the relief of the sick and indigent, the poor and naked, without favour or partiality." Near him lies Sir Henry Jebb, a physician of the less guilty class, who contributed rather to the births than the deaths of the community. Inserted in the outer ga- ble wall of the church is a slab, to the memory of George Clayton, who died in 1695, and to Walter Fitz Simons, who died in 1699; while in a corner of the church-yard is a large monumental stone, com- 344 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. meliorative of the before-mentioned Doctor Delany and his lady. She had been first married to Richard Tenison, and died in 1741. The Doctor had been a Senior Fellow of Trinity College, afterwards Dean of Down, and died in 1768. The position of this monument is singularly impressive. It is inserted in the boundary wall, that divides the Doctor's ancient demesne from the grave-yard ; in the side wall of that very temple hereafter mentioned, which his wife had so affectionately decorated, and where they both had passed the happiest hours of social and domestic en- joyment. Poussin's celebrated picture of Arcadia, the moral sublimity of the tomb in its perspective, and the touching epitaph, " I too was in Arcadia," could not be more powerfully illustrated than on this occa- sion. It was a scene to affect the deepest feelings, and, as the foot glided through the luxuriant herbage of the churchyard, a tremulous and awful sensation seemed to suggest, that the matter, which once com- posed the frames of those whose graves were beneath, was now, by some vegetable transmigration, freshen- ing in the grass, blooming in the flowers, or drooping in the shrubs above them. On the central elevation of this deserted village is Delville House, the classic residence alluded to. A tall close gate and w T all conceal it from the view of prying curiosity ; but these obstacles once removed, and the mind's eye is rapidly attracted by the ancient edifice with its bower window ; — the old garden walls thickly flowering with the wild snap dragon ; — the gracefully undulated grounds ; — the broad terrace on GLASNEVIX. 345 which the peripatetics of another day have glided and philosophized ; — the magnificent trees on the brink of the rivulet ; — the fine mount and the turret over- looking the business of the distant city, the beauties of the intervening country, and more solemnly glanc- ing over the churchyard where its remembered owner lies ; — the dark vault beneath that turret, where the first impression of the Legion Club is supposed to have been printed ; — the temple, with its fresco paint- ing of St. Paul, and its medallion of the bust of Stella, by Mrs. Delany ; — the inscription on the frieze at its front, " Fastigia despicit urbis," attributed to Swift, and supposed to allude to the situation of this villa ; — the temples scattered through the little demesne ; — the rustic bridges ; — the bath ; — the lonely willow, dropping its feathery wreaths into the water, amidst the lilies that floated around it ; — the venerable mul- berry tree ; — its surrounding compeers of aged elms and yews and ever-green oaks — all powerfully marked the taste and elegance that formed and enlivened this scene. Yet could not Dean Swift's mock description of the whole, addressed to its proprietor, be wholly for- gotten : — " Would you that Delville I describe ? — Believe me, Sir, I will not gibe ; For who would be satirical Upon a thing so very small ! You scarce upon the borders enter, Before you're at the very centre. A single crow would make it night, If o'er your farm he took his flight : 346 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Yet in the narrow compass we Observe a vast variety ; Both walks, walls, meadows, and parterres, Windows and doors, and rooms and stairs, And hills and vales, and woods and fields, And hay, and grass, and corn it yields ; All to your haggard brought so cheap in, Without the mowing or the reaping ; A razor, though to say't I'm loth, Might shave you and your meadow both. Tho' small your farm, yet here's a house Full large — to entertain a mouse. But where a rat is dreaded more Than furious Caledonian boar ; For if 'tis entered by a rat, There is no room to bring the cat. A little riv'let seems to steal Along a thing you call a vale, Like tears a-down a wrinkled cheek, Like rain along a blade of leek ; And this you call your sweet meander, Which might be suck'd up by a gander, Could he but force his rustling bill To scoop the channel of the rill ; I'm sure you'd make a mighty clutter, Were it as big as city gutter. Next come I to your kitchen garden, Which one poor mouse would fare but hard in ; And round this garden is a walk No longer than a tailor's chalk ; Thus I compute what space is in iij A snail creeps o'er it in a minute ! One lettuce makes a shift to squeeze Up through a tuft you call your trees ; And once a year a single rose Peeps from the bud, but never blows : In vain then you expect its bloom ; It cannot blow for want of room. GLASS' EVIX. 347 In short, in all your boasted seat There's nothing but yourself is — great/* Notwithstanding the ridicule of this description,, those gardens and walks were laid out bv Doctor Delany, in concert with the celebrated Doctor Hel- sham ; while Walker praises the demesne, as the first " in which the obdurate and straight line of the Dutch was softened into a curve., the terrace melted into a swelling bank, and the walks opened to catch the vicinal country." In 1732 Swift, writing to Pope, makes the fol- lowing mention of Doctor Delany's mode of living here, after his marriage with the Widow Tenison. — Ci Doctor Delany behaves himself very commendably, converses only with his former friends, makes no pa- rade, but entertains them constantly at an elegant, plentiful table, walks the streets as usual by daylight, does many acts of charity and generosity, cultivates a country-house about two miles distant, and is one of those verv few within mv knowledge, on whom a 2*reat access of fortune hath made no manner of chance, and particularly, he is as often without money as he was before."' — : — And again : i; Doctor Delany is the only gentleman I know who keeps one certain dav in the week to entertain seven or eight friends at dinner, and to pass the evening, where there is nothing of excess either in eating or drink.*' In a letter of the following year, the Dean writes to Mrs. Pendarves, " The cold weather, I suppose, has gathered together Doctor Delany's set ; the next time you meet, may I beg the favour to make my compliments acceptable. 348 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. I recollect no entertainment with so much pleasure as what I received from that company. It has made me very sincerely lament the many hours of my life that I have lost in insignificant conversation." The win- ter meetings were, however, principally held at the Doctor's town residence in Stafford-street, as appears from a letter of Mrs. Pendarves in 1735; "I am sorry the sociable Thursdays, that used to bring toge- ther so many agreeable friends at Doctor Delany's, are broke up. Though Delville has its beauties, it is more out of the way than Stafford-street." With all these eloquent appeals of sensation and reflection, the spectator seems influenced by a spell that wafts him up the stream of time, leads him into a bygone century, and even identifies the rustic seat, on which he moralizes, with the same era of " auld lang syne." The graves give up their dead, and Banquo's chair was not so spiritually filled, as that same seat on which he fancies the silent worthies crowding, as erst in life they might have crowded. The Athenian madman, however, was not more vexatiously undeceived, than was the author of these pages, when, with the full and wilful enjoyment of this luxury, the unlettered gardener, referring his uncontrollable admiration to the ingenious structure of the seat itself, proudly announced it as the recent production of his own hands. It was the dissolution of a spell, and, " What seemed corporal Melted as breath into the wind." Even with such a repulse from the former man- GLASNEVIN. •349 sion of the Dean, there is yet another object in the village, which perpetuates his memory, — a small, cir- cular building of two stories, near the bridge, con- taining a male and female school, with a small endow- ment from his bounty. There is also a Sunday-school here for children of both sexes, to which the Bishop of Kildare allows £10 per annum. The number of pupils in the latter establishment was reported in 1834 to be thirty-five. Opposite the latter structure is an alms-house, established in 1 723, where four poor widows are lodged, and receive each Is. 8c/. weekly. Near this, on the bank of the river, are quarries of that species of limestone called blackstone or calp, a substance in some measure peculiar to the county of Dublin, and supposed to form the general sub-soil of the city. It is usually found under a bed of vegetable mould and layer of limestone gravel, and commences with black limestone, in some places separated by layers of argillaceous schist, which descends into calp by an imperceptible transition. At the Dublin side of the village is a weaving establishment of twelve looms for sail-cloth and canvass. Half the rectory of Glasnevin being impropriate in the precentor, and the other half in the chancellor of Christ Church, the parish ranks as but a curacy in the deanery of Finglas, to which those dignitaries alternately present. It extends over 999a. 3k. 21 p. plantation measure, comprising three townlands, and has compounded for its tithes at so high a rate as £184 per annum, some parts being assessed thereto 360 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. at Ss. 2d, per acre. In the Catholic dispensation the parish is in the union of Clontarf. Its population in 1834 was returned as 964 persons, of whom 585 were Roman Catholics. The great part of the land in the parish belongs to the Bishop of Kildare as Dean of Christ Church, from which, and even earlier appropriations of the denomination to the uses of the church, it appears to have derived its name of Glas- nevin, i. e. the verdant consecrated ground. The acreable rent is seven guineas in the immediate neigh- bourhood of the village, lessening in the more remote parts to £3; the wages of labour is from seven to nine shillings per week. As to the extent of the manor of Glasnevin, see post at " Grangegorman," by which name it is more usually called. In 544 the Annals of the Four Masters record the death of Berchan, Abbot of Glasnoidhen.* to whom are ascribed some Irish prophecies, and a small poem in praise of St. Brigid. In 745, say the Annals of Ulster, died Cialltrogh, Abbot of il Glasnoidhen." In 1178 Archbishop Laurence O'Toole granted to the church of the Holy Trinity, i. e. Christ Church (inter alia), a third part of Cloghnei, a third part of Killallin and Lesluan, i: Glasneoden," Magdurnia, &c, which gift was confirmed iu 1179 by Pope Alex- ander the Third, as of " Glasneden with the mill." Accordingly in Pope Urban's Bull of the year 1186, Glasnoiden, with its church, is enumerated amongst the possessions of Christ Church, and its right thereto was confirmed by King John in 1200, and by Archbishop Luke in 1240, as " the Grange of Glasnevin, with the church and appurtenances." This church was dedicated to St. Maplas, or as the Repertorium Viride styles him, St. Movus. *. This locality is, however, by some referred to the county Kildare. GLASNEVIN. 351 In the taxation of the revenues of Christ Church in 1306, the manor of Glasnevin, therein stated as containing three carucates of land, was rated with its tithes at forty-eight shillings,* and it is observable, that it is there rated distinctly from " the Grange of Gorman." In 1610 John Bathe had a grant of certain premises here, the tithes being specially excepted. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory as still impro- priate to the church of the Holy Trinity, that Richard Wyburne was curate, and that the church and chancel were then in good repair. In 1634 John Bathe died seised of eighty acres in Glasnevin alias Clonmell, which he held by fealty only.f In 1666 James Duke of York had a grant of Glasnevin 230a. plantation measure, Stuckcoole 120a. like measure, kc. &c. In 1702 the administratrix of Maurice Berkley made claim (at Chichester House), and was allowed a leasehold interest in part of Glasnevin. In 1703 Isaac Holroyd of Dublin, merchant, had a grant of the residue of a term for years of the lands called Draycot's farm in Glasnevin 41a., the estate of Michael Chamberlain attainted. For a notice of Glasnevin in 1732, see " Santry." Some time since, in removing the lumber in one of the out offices of Delville house, a printing-press was discovered concealed among it, which, according to tradition, was used here in 1735 in giving to the world the first edition of Swift's " Legion Club." It is generally understood, that this bitter satire was not printed in Dublin, as no one there would undertake its publication, and, as the Dean passed the summer of 1735 at Delville, and the work appeared in 1736, the tradition appears to have some foundation. In 1759 the Right Honourable Henry Singleton, Master of the Rolls, and who had previously been Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland, was interred here. In 1785 Mr. John Rogerson, in his bequest to the Incorpo- rated Society (before alluded to in the " General History of the * Black Book of Christ Church. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib, 352 COUNTY OF DUBLIN*. County of Dublin"), left about sixteen acres in Glasnevin (inter alia) for that object. In reference to its indigenous botany, Glasnevin presents salvia uerbenaca, wild clary; avena flaves- cens* yellow oat grass, perhaps some of the finest pasturage of the meadow ; with its most congenial companion, hordeum pratense, meadow barley ; triti- cum repens, couch grass ; scabiosa succisa, devil's bit scabious ; sherardia arvensis, little field madder ; galium palustre, white water bed-straw ; galium apa- rine, goose grass; aJchemilla arvensis, parsley piert; potamogeton pusillum, small pond weed, floating on the surface of the water, and affording an agreeable shelter to the fish ; myosotis palustris, forget-me-not ; myosotis arvensis, field scorpion-grass; Uthospermum arvense, corn gromwell, flowering in May, the bark of its root tinges wax and oil of a beautiful red ; primula vulgaris, common primrose — its leaves are found to serve for feeding silkworms ; primula veris, cowslip ; anagallis arvensis, common scarlet pimper- nel; convolvulus septum, great bindweed ; viola tri- color, pansy violet ; verbascum thapsus, great mullein, which is said to intoxicate fish, so that they may be caught with the hand ; the down also is used for tin- der; chenopodiinn bonus Henricus, mercury goose- foot ; torilis nodosa, knotted hedge parsley ; scandix pecten veneris, shepherd's needle; fumaria officinalis, common fumitory ; fumaria capreolata, climbing fu- mitory* ; vicia cracca, tufted vetch ; trifolium fili- forme, slender yellow trefoil ; lotus corniculatus, common bird's-foot trefoil ; euphorbia helioscopia, GLASNEVIN. 353 sun spurge; alchemilla vulgaris, lady's mantle ; blitum perenne, English mercury ; heracleum spondylium, cow parsnip, the stalks of which the Russians not only prepare for food, but also procure from them a very intoxicating spirit ; allium carinatum, mountain gar- lic ; allium vineale, crow garlic, which communicates a rank taste to the milk and butter ; rumex crispus, curled dock, a troublesome and unprofitable weed ; rumex acutus, sharp dock ; rumex acetosella, sheep's sorrel; polygonum amphibium, amphibious persicaria; polygonum persicaria, spotted persicaria ; polygonum convolvulus, black bind weed ; lythrum salicaria, purple loose strife ; pyrus malus, wild apple-tree ; spircea ulmaria, meadow sweet ; rubus corylifolius, hazel-leaved bramble ; papaver somniferum, white poppy ; anemone Appennina, mountain anemone, flow- ering in March, a very ornamental plant ; ranunculus auricomus, goldilocks ; lamium amplexicaule, henbit dead-nettle ; clinopodium vulgare, common basil ; thlaspi arvense, pennycress ; sisymbrium sophia, fine-leaved hedge mustard. In the adjoining ditches, the unproductive ex- hausting agrostis alba, marsh bent grass ; the luxu- riant sweet and succulent aira aquatica, water hair grass, the grass which is supposed to contribute chiefly to the sweetness of Cottenham cheese, and the fine- ness of Cambridge butter ; sium nodiflorum, pro- cumbent water parsnip ; epilobium hirsutum, great hairy willow herb ; myrrhis temulenta, rough cow parsley ; smyrnium olusatrum, Alexanders ; viburnum opulus, guelder rose, which, when in bloom, exhibits 2 A 354 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. a singularly fine appearance ; ranunculus Jlammida, lesser spearwort crowfoot ; mentha hirsuta, hairy mint; Hypericum quadrangulum, square St. John's wort ; sparganium ramosum, branched bur-reed. — On the walls and dry grounds, veronica arvensis, wall speedwell ; Valeriana rubra, red valerian ; glyceria rigida, hard sweet grass ; parietaria officinalis, wall pellitory ; hedera helix, ivy; rumex scutatns, French or garden sorrel, its leaves are of a gratefully acid flavour; antirrhinum majus, great snap-dragon ; chei- ranthus fruticidosus, wall flower. — In the hedges, melica uni flora, wood melic grass, a beautiful little sylvan plant, and perhaps the earliest of our grasses ; solanum dulcamara, woody nightshade or bitter sweet, flowering in September ; lonicera periclymenum, common honeysuckle ; geum urbanum, common avens; geranium Robertia?ium, herb Robert; Hy- pericum androscemum, tutsal ; stachys sylvatica, hedge woundwort; vicia sepium, common bush-vetch; — On the road sides and banks, centaur ea nigra, black knap-weed ; arum maculatum, cuckow pint ; centaurea scabiosa, greater knap-weed; orchis pyra- midalis, pyramidal orchis. In the meadow pastures and cultivated fields, veronica serpyllifolia, smooth speedwell ; veronica agrestis, germander chickweed ; fedia olitoria, lambs lettuce ; air a ccespitosa, turfy hair grass, the rough- est and coarsest grass that grows in pastures and mea- dows; chenopodium album, white goosefoot; che- nopodium jicifolium, fig-leaved goosefoot ; bunium flexuosum, pig-nut; orchis maculata, spotted palmate orchis ; euphorbia peplus, petty spurge ; stachys am- GLASNE VIN. 355 bigua, ambiguous woundwort. — In the waste grounds, veronica hederifolia, ivy-leaved speedwell ; sagina procumbens, procumbent pearl-wort ; carduus acan- thoides, welted thistle ; gnaphalium germanicum, common cudweed ; anthemis cotula, fetid chamomile ; urtica urens, small nettle ; atriplex patula, halbert- leaved orache ; atriplex angustifolia, narrow-leaved orache ; reseda luteola, yellow weed \papaver dubium, long smooth-headed poppy ; lamium album, white dead nettle ; cochlearia armoracea, horse radish ; brassica napus, rape; crepis tectorum, smooth hawk's beard. — In the watery places and streams, angelica sylvestris, wild angelica ; allium ursinum, ramsons ; cnicus palustris, marsh plume-thistle ; tussilago far- fara, colt's foot. — In the Bishop of Kildare's woods, festuca sylvatica, slender wood fescue grass ; bromus erectus, upright brome grass ; bromus asper, wood brome grass ; rumex sanguineus, red-veined dock. — In the adjacent old quarries, convolvulus arvensis, small bind weed ; daucus carota, wild carrot ; cego- podium podagraria, herb gerarde ; pimpinella saxi- fraga, common burnet saxifrage ; trifolium procum- bens, hop trefoil. — In shady places, glechoma hede- racea, ground ivy. In the corn fields, brassica campestris, wild naven ; sinapis arvensis, wild mustard ; raphanus raphanis- trum, wild radish ; galeopsis tetrahit, common hemp- nettle. — On the road sides, potentilla reptans, creep- ing cinquefoil ; senebiera coronopus, swine's cress ; cardamine hirsuta, hairy ladies' smock ; sisymbrium iris, London wild rocket, so called, because it was 2 a 2 356 county of Dublin. supposed to have been generated about London by the great fire in 1666; bromns mollis, soft brome grass, the common offspring of bad husbandry and exhausted soils ; bromas sterilis, barren brome grass ; arena pubescens, downy oat grass ; hordeitm murinum, wall barley, a plant, which, when it intrudes in upland grass fields, is most destructive, and the hay in such cases is almost rejected by cattle, as the sharp spines that constitute the beard attach themselves to the mouth of the animal, causing irritation and pain, and teaze the beast, instead of nourishing him ; gal'ium verum, yellow bedstraw ; equisetum arrense, corn horse-tail ; centaurea nigra, black knapweed : arum maculatum, cuckow pint. — On the banks of the river, between Glasnevin and Drumcondra, vinca major, greater periwinkle : and, on the ditches between this and Finglas Bridge, campanula trac helium, nettle- leaved bell flower ; vinca major, greater periwinkle ; torilis anthriscus, upright hedge parsley ; rubus glan- diriosns, glandular bramble, At the city side of the village are THE BOTANIC GARDENS of the Royal Dublin Society, a most interesting ob- ject, situated where was once the demesne of Tickell the poet, the literary executor of Addison, and who came to Ireland as his assistant, when he was secretary to the Earl of Sutherland in 1714. In 1725 Tickell was himself appointed secretary, an office which he filled until his death in 1 740. This place was pur- THE BOTANIC GARDENS. 357 chased, subject to a ground rent, for the sum of £2000, from his representatives, for the scientific ob- jects to which it is devoted. The entrance lodges and connecting gates were erected by a donation of £ 700 from Mr. Pleasants, and are very handsome. The gardens and their ap- pendages occupy a space of thirty acres, the river Tolka forming a sweeping boundary at one side. They stand on limestone gravel with a very thin co- vering of soil, and are enriched with almost every known species of flowers, shrubs, trees, and plants,, arranged in their proper classes, and also contain a curious collection of exotics, preserved in glass-houses heated to the temperature of their respective consti- tutions. " One of these," says the present able Pro- fessor of Botany, Doctor Litton, in a letter which he has communicated on the subject, " has been enlarged, and exhibits one of the most beautiful groups of the vegetable forms that can be seen. Many valuable herbaceous plants," he adds, " and some beautiful trees have recently been introduced into the open ground, which, it is hoped, will, in a few years, add as much to the scientific value as to the picturesque beauty of the garden." Doctor Wade may be said to have been the foun- der of this establishment. He drew up a memorial to the Irish parliament, upon which various sums have been granted for the object, and acts passed for its maintenance and regulation, from the thirtieth to the thirty-eighth year of the reign of George the Third. Certainly no institution could have been de- 358 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. vised more important, in a medical and agricultural view, than this colony of plants and flowers. Its uti- lity had been long previously experienced in Sweden, where, with a climate and soil so unfavourable, by the philosophy of Linnaeus's botanical garden, they naturalized a greater variety of trees, shrubs, corn, and grasses, than has been effected in most of the south- ern climates. " The plants," says Cromwell, in his excursions through Ireland, " are tastefully subdivided into com- partments, insulated in green swards, and communica- ting by pathways, the intervals being filled with scat- tered shrubs, so that, while the most regular classifi- cation is actually preserved, and all the series follow in such succession, that the most minute can be imme- diately found, the whole presents an appearance of unstudied yet beautiful confusion." The arrange- ment and contents of the entire grounds may be con- ceived from the following detail, as chiefly supplied by Doctor Litton. 1. HORTUS LlNN^ENSIS, divided into plantce herhacece and fructicetum et ar- boretum, comprising not less than six acres, and situ- ated in the centre of the grounds, admirably illustrat- ing the system of the great naturalist whose name it bears. 2. Hortus Britannicus, affords an extensive collection of plants indigenous in the British islands. THE BOTANIC GARDENS. 359 3. HORTUS ESCULENTUS, devoted to the experimental cultivation of such plants as are adapted to culinary purposes, and subdivided into those used for their roots, stalks or leaves, flowers, fruit or seeds, or for their leguments or pods. " This department," says Doctor Litton, "has been latterly much improved, and an orchard added, containing a good collection of the hardy fruit trees, with most of their important varieties." 4. Hortus Medicus, containing every plant considered to possess medical properties. 5. Hortus Rusticus, subdivided into natural and artificial grasses 6. Aquarium lacustre et palustre, a comparatively recent addition. A sheet of water 200 yards in length, but of irregular breadth, has been obtained by excavating the bank of the Tolka, and admitting its water into a little pond covered with aquatics, as are its swampy shores with marsh plants and heaths. American pines and other natives of a transatlantic soil flourish on the banks of this inte- resting aquarium, and of another, yet more modern, filled by the hydraulic machine hereafter mentioned. 7. Cryptogamia. The results in this division of the garden have not 360 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. been commensurate with the expectations originally formed, although the spot selected, being a bank de- scending rapidly to the river, and studded with high trees to an actually gloomy degree, appears as adapted to the natural propensities of this tribe of plants, as any that could be chosen. 8. Flower Garden, not remarkable either for the beauty or variety of its productions. 9. Hot Houses and Conservatories for Exotics. The contents of this department are no less remark- able for variety than beauty : the Cactus Grandiflora, which blows only in the night, and the Domboeia or Pine of Norfolk Island, which, in its native soil, at- tains the altitude of 200 feet, are, perhaps, the most deserving of remark. A dome has been constructed round the latter, capable of any degree of elevation to which the plant can rise. The appearance of the grounds and arrangement of the plants have latterly undergone some advanta- geous alteration. An hydraulic engine has been con- structed for raising water from the river for the use of the grounds ; many new walks have been formed, and the old reduced so as to afford more space for cul- tivation; and rock work has also been formed in many parts, for exhibiting the species appropriated to this class of stations. A spot, called the Mill Field, on the north side of the river Tolka, has been recently PROSPECT CEMETERY. 361 connected with these gardens, partially planted with willows as a salicetum, and otherwise employed for agricultural purposes. The Professor's house, which contains the botanical lecture room, and which was the residence of Tickell, happily remains unchanged. The annual expense of supporting these gardens has been stated as varying from £1500 to £2000 per an- num, including salaries to the Professor, superintend- ant, two assistants, twelve gardeners, six apprentices, rent, and casual expenditure for alterations, repairs^ the purchase of plants, tools, &c. &c. There is not a scene in the vicinity of Dublin more instructively pleasing than this. Even he, who is unlearned in the science of botany, must admire the beautiful arrangement of the grounds, — the charming undulations, — the fairy glens, — the mounts, — the rock works appropriately furnished, — the ponds and their lovely aquatic occupants, — the fountain, — the river walk, terminating in that traditionally marked as Ad- dison's favourite, and where Tickell is said to have composed his ballad of Colin and Lucy ; — the clumps of venerable elms, — the solemn rookery, — the vistas of the city and the bay, and above all the monitory watch towers of that adjacent city of the dead, PROSPECT CEMETERY. And well indeed may the visiter, who treads the mazes of its monuments, deem it a city of the dead. Already, though only open about four years, it is said to contain upwards of 16,000 bodies. It com-. 362 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. prises nine British acres, handsomely planted and laid out with gravel walks, having in the centre a chapel, where prayers are offered for the deceased there interred, while at each corner of the ground is a watch tower, in which guards are nightly kept to prevent the violation of the graves. The Botanic Gardens, living with the beauties of the vegetable creation, and animated by the human groups that fre- quent them, form at one side a boundary of such striking contrast to this magazine of mortality, as can- not but affect the most thoughtless visitant. There all is laughing, life, and joyous hope, — here lies the youth, once happy too, who looked as confidently to a sunny future — this world is now closed above him. Here the ambition, that possibly in life would have wept to be bounded even by the widest speculations, is straitened in a narrow sodded pit ; the pride, that dazzled in its days of nature, is coldly wrapt in the mouldering winding sheet ; the worm is nurtured in the cheek whose smile was once so joyfully attrac- tive ; the infant, whose lisp was a parent's best prized eloquence, lies cradled in the premature embrace of death. The lovers, the friends, the relatives that worshipped each other through life, now haply slum- ber side by side, yet know no reciprocity of feeling, no touch of sympathy, no pulse of kindred. If to all those natural reflections the visiter superadds the ho- liness of solitude and magic of moonlight, they can- not fail to inspire the most chastening reflections, and, like the wand of the prophet, draw tears from the most flinty heart. THE ROYAL CANAL. 363 The effect of the scene is, however, impaired by the arithmetical gradations of the burial compart- ments, which are arranged according to the fees paid, and yet more by the letters and figures that mark the walls and tombstones, referring the inquirer, as by longitude and latitude, to the registry of every indivi- dual grave. The road here passes over the THE ROYAL CANAL, a line of inland navigation, which commences about a mile beyond this point. It was constituted under the 29 Geo. III. c. 33; the 30 Geo. III. c. 20; 32 Geo. III. c. 26; 38 Geo. III. cs. 54 & 79; 43 Geo. III. (Loc. & Pers.) c. xxii ; 53 Geo. III. c. 101 ; 55 Geo. III. c. 182; and 58 Geo. III. c. 35; and, having been carried far into the county of Westmeath by the original company, was, on their failure, completed to the Shannon at the expense of government. Through- out its course it is forty-two feet wide at the surface, twenty-four at the bottom, and has locks and a depth of water calculated for boats of from forty to fifty tons burden. At its extremity beyond Phibsborough, there is an extensive basin, entered by an aqueduct, for the use of the boats trading on the line, while at the en- trance of that village, a branch communicates with the river LifFey by sea-locks, capable of admitting ships of 150 tons burden. From the point where these two cuts unite, this line of navigation passes inland near Castleknock, 364 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Lucan, and Lcixlip, and crosses the Rye, one of the Liffey's tributaries, on an aqueduct of one arch, sup- porting a vast body of earth, on the summit of which the canal and trackways pass at an elevation of near 100 feet above the river. It next visits Carton, Mav- nooth, and Kilcock, crosses the Boyne on a plain but elegant aqueduct of three arches, passes near Kinne- gad, encompasses Mullingar, thence by Coolnahay and Ballinacarrig, and in the neighbourhood of Bally- mahon, into the Shannon at Tarmonbarry. Crossing this canal, and leaving at left a strip of laud, anciently called " Glasnianogue," the tourist enters the populous village of PHIBSBOROUGH, where is a neat Roman Catholic church, and in the rloor beneath are schools for children of both sexes. A savings'-bank was also established here in 1830. The district, strictly called GRANGE- GORMAN, succeeds, an ancient townland, now the property of the Earl of Rathdown. The manor, which is otherwise called that of Glasnevin, comprehends a considerable portion of the modern city of Dublin. By a return from the Re- gister, it is stated to contain to the north of the river Liffey, the whole of the wealthy and populous parish of St. George, including within it Mountjoy-square GRANGE-GORMAN". 365 and several of the adjacent streets, as far as the north side of Frederick-street : Great Britain-street from the Rotunda and the north side of Sumnierhill ; the parish of Grange- Gorman, within which are Grange- Gorman-lane, Manor-street. Prussia-street, Aughrim- street, the village of Phibsborough, which may be considered a part of the city itself, and the parish of Glasnevin. Its limits are also said to extend over the baronies of Coolock and Castleknock, the im- portant district of Kingstown. Killiney, Dalkey, Stil- lorgan, and other places of minor note as far as Bray, all in the barony of Rathdowu. The authority, under which this jurisdiction is exercised, is stated to be a charter granted bv Kins: James the First in 1603 to the then newly incorporated body, the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral of Christ Church, who are lords of the manor of Glasnevin, and of other manors within the liberty. Grange- Gorman also gives its name to the parish, which, as the rectory is impropriate in the preben- daries and vicars-choral of Christ Church, ranks as curacy in connexion with the city of Dublin, and ex- tends, or rather has been assessed to the public charges as extending, over 450 Irish acres. The census of 1831 states its population as 73S2 persons, while the parliamentary return of 1820 mentions, that "the tithes arising out of it are paid to the dean and chap- ter of Christ Church, but whether it was ever consi- dered as a parish is not known." That body nominate the curate, and allocate a salary of £10 per annum for the performance of the duties. The Report adds, 366 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. that there are no traces of a church or churchyard here ; but the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have re- cently granted £575 5s. 2d. for the erection of a church. In 117S Archbishop Laurence O'Toole. when confirming the possessions of Christ Church, enumerated amongst them the Grange of Grange- Gorman and its appurtenances, the wood of Salcock, kc, which title. Archbishop Luke about the year 1240 further ratified. Soon afterwards. Richard Tyrrel renounced all claim herein to the fraternity of Christ Church,* and it was, thereupon, taxed as four carucates of land, at forty-eight shillings, payable to that community. Glasnevin being distinctly rated at the same time, as before-mentioned at that locality. At the time of the dissolution, the religious house of St. Wol- stan's was seised of one messuage and fourteen acres of arable land here.t which were afterwards granted, with other possessions of that house, to Sir John Allen of Allenscourt in the county of Kildare. In 1559 the dean and chapter of Christ Church received a royal mandate, directing them to confirm to Francis Agard, the manor, place, or farm of Grange- Gorman. His family were ac- cordingly, at the commencement of the seventeenth century, found seised of this manor, one house, six messuages, and 200 acres, stated to have been so granted in the time of Queen Elizabeth to Francis Agard in fee. by the dean and chapter of Christ Church, Dublin, who had previously acquired same in frankalmoigne.J In 1663 Colonel John Daniel, in consideration of £126, sold part of the lands of Grange- Gorman, to be enclosed in the Phoenix Park. In the eighteenth century, the principal part of the manor was the property of Mr. George Henry Monck. through whom it has passed to the present proprietor. * Liber Niger, fol. 92. t Inquis. in Oflk. Rememb. f Inquis. in Cane. Hib. GRANGE-GORMAN. 367 Grange- Gorman contributes £40 of its rental to the support of the Blue- Coat Hospital. In Manor-street, within this district, there is a Theological Seminary, established by the Irish Evan- gelical Society of London, who allow £200 per an- num to the head-master, and £100 to his assistant. In 1826 it had but seven pupils. In this district are also three establishments worthy of notice. 1st. The House of Industry, of which, Wakefield justly observes, " not merely in name, but in fact, a house of industry, an asylum for every person willing to labour ; that receives a human being a prey to idleness, loaded with filth, and friendless, and returns the same individual to the world, industrious, clean, and healthy." It was instituted in 1773, and since supported by parliamentary annual grants, latterly about £20,000. Annexed to the establishment are surgical and medical wards, fever hospitals, a lunatic asylum, a dispensary, a school &c, covering within the whole establishment eleven acres of ground. The Institution receives the interest of three valuable le- gacies, Baron Vryhoven's £1612 10s. Od., Thomas Barry's £1496 14s. I0d., and General Lyons's £1131 10s. 5^., all vested in 3^ per cent, govern- ment stock ; while the funds are managed with such economy and prudence, that it is calculated the mo- derate sum of £5 annually clothes and maintains each individual pauper. 2nd. The Richmond General Penitentiary, ad- joining the House of Industry. Its front, towards 368 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Grange- Gorman -lane, measures 700 feet, and con- sists of a centre of considerable breadth, crowned by a large pediment, the wings being also of great ex- tent. The portals are at a distance from the main body of the building, and are connected by high curtain walls. There is an extremely handsome cupola, containing a clock with four dials, over the centre of the front, which is built of a black stone quarried in the vicinity of Dublin, the ornamental parts are all of mountain granite. The first stone of this structure was laid in IS 12 by the Duke of Rich- mond, then viceroy of Ireland. Its erection cost up- wards of £40,000. At the rere, retired from all communication, are a number of cells, where the culprits are inclosed in solitary confinement on their first admission ; if their conduct improves, they are gradually removed into other cells more cheerfully situated, and where they are permitted to associate. 3rd. The Female Orphan House, an establish- ment instituted in 1790, capable of accommodating 160 children, and having annexed a very handsome Gothic chapel. It has a permanent income by en- dowments of nearly £500 per annum, exclusive of casual resources, and had, heretofore, parliamentary grants to the total amount of £50,414 late Irish cur- rency. The number educated and maintained here used to be about 150, but the administration of the establishment confined its benefits to Protestants. Its average yearly expenditure was in 1812, stated to be £1633. 369 THE THIRD EXCURSION. Repassing through some of the localities of the last route, (the villages of Drumcondra and Cross- guns), the tourist, by a more frequented northern line of road, arrives at a hill which overhangs the village of F1NGLAS-BRIDGE. Looking from this eminence, at right are seen the Botanic Gardens, and the demesne of the Bishop of Kildare ; at left, a swelling hill with a tea-house and turret; in front the romantic Tolka, winding through the depth of the valley, beneath the bridge that gives name to the locality ; beyond the river, old quarry holes and sand-hills fringed with the ever ornamental furze, the woods of Doctor Gregory's Asylum, and the little village diffusing upwards its blue, cheerful w T reaths of curling smoke. On descending and pass- ing the bridge, the Tolka is seen tumbling over a fall beside the ruins of a cotton-mill and factory, that once gave employment to many of this vicinity, until consumed by an accidental fire some years since. The river hereabouts affords a species of the lam- prey, lampetra fluviatilis minor, accounted the best bait for cod, and which is also found in the LifFey, 2 B 370 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. likewise the white and yellow trout and the roach ; and among the stones and in the banks the river cray- fish is frequent; while to the botanist, the vicinity of Finglas-bridge presents alchemilla arvensis, parsley piert ; senebiera coronopus, swine's-cress. — In the ditches and hedges, rosa canina, dog-rose. — In the old quarries, bromus asper, wood-brome ; echium vulgare, common viper's bugloss, whose flowers are so grateful to bees ; pimplnella saxifraga, common burnet saxifrage ; arctium lappa, common burdock ; Tnyriophyllum verticillatum, whorled milfoil; a variety of that elegant little plant, the briza media, common quaking grass with the panicle white. — In the adja- cent waste grounds, bromas sterilis, barren brome- grass ; cochlearia armoracea, horse-radish. — On the roofs of houses, sempervivum tectorum, house leek ; crepis tectorum, smooth hawk's-beard. — In the moist fields, cnicus palustris, marsh plume-thistle ; and in the sand-pits, carex hirta, hair-sedge. Lands about this locality are let at from £5 to £10 per acre. A road cut through sand-hills conducts hence to the picturesquely situated village of FINGLAS, popularly celebrated as the scene of the May games for the citizens of Dublin. The parish church here is a plain, but neat struc- ture, on an eminence commanding a fine prospect. It contains some interesting ancient memorials ; a mural slab to Colonel Robert Bridges, who died in FINGLAS. 371 167-5, and was here interred, details the deaths and places of interment of his eight sons and two daugh- ters. Near it is a black marble slab to the family of Settle, and their descendants from 1650. On the opposite wall, a monument commemorates Doctor Richard Challoner Cobbe, Treasurer of St. Patrick's, who died in 1767- Close to it is another to Captain William Flower, who died in 1681, having served in Ulster under the Earl of Granard, at the time that the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion was raging in Scotland. It also records some descendants of his name. Beside the communion-table, on the floor, is a flat flagstone to Sir Daniel Tresswell, Knight, who died in 16 70, having served both the Kings Charles. This monument states that it was erected by Dame Heme, his relict, daughter of Sir Thomas Plowden of Plowden Hall in Shropshire. At its foot is a yet older stone to Richard Plowden Tresswell, who died in 1612, while, under the communion-table, are flat tombstones of very ancient date to the families of Bagshaw and Ryves. In the churchyard is the ruin of a stone cross of granite, being with its present pedestal about ten feet high. Near it is an enclosed monument to John Pocklington, Esq., once second Baron of the Irish Exchequer, who died in 1731 ; also, an old monu- ment of the Esdalls (Isdalls) from 17*28, and a hand- some sarcophagus to Mr. Long, formerly of Mary- street. Near the church is a glebe-house, with 15a. 3r. 10p. of glebe-land adjoining for the vicar, and 20a. 2 b 2 372 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. for the rector. The latter endowment, however, does not appear to be enjoyed. There is also a small, neat Roman Catholic church in the village. The parish charity-school is supported by the interest of money bequeathed to it at various times, and reported in 1 8 1 2 as amounting to about £20 per annum. There are also two national schools here, to which the Board contributes £10 per annum. Their number of pupils in 1834 was 121. Here are likewise two lunatic asylums, with gar- dens and pleasure-grounds attached to each, — Dr, Harty's, which in 1829 had twenty-two patients; and Dr. Duncan's, reported at the same time as having forty-two. Near the village is a spa, formerly cele- brated for its sanative virtues, and assimilated by Dr. Rutty, in his classification, to that of Malvern. It is now, however, wholly neglected. It was originally dedicated as a holy well to St. Patrick. Near this, it may be remarked, sulphate of magnesia occurs efflorescent in fine fibres. The parish of Finglas comprises 4696a. 2r. 26p., and a population, returned in 1831 as 2110 persons. The rectory appertains to the chancellorship of St. Patrick's, and includes the chapel ries of St. Marga- ret's, Artane, and the Ward, the rectorial tithes of the whole producing £481 5s. 3d., while the vicarage, united with the curacy of Ballycoolane, is in the gift of the metropolitan. The Roman Catholic union com- prises Finglas, St. Margaret's, and the Ward. The principal proprietors of the fee in the parish are the Archbishop of Dublin, Sir Compton Domville, Mr. FINGLAS. 373 Hamilton, Sir R. Gore, Messrs. Arthur, Segrave, White, &c. Rent varies from £3 to £5, while a cabin without land produces from £3 to £4 per annum. An abbey was founded very early in this village, possibly by St. Patrick, who, having passed from Meath to Finglas, ascended a hill and, looking down upon the village of Dublin, is reported by his biographers to have blessed it and prophesied, that, although then but a small village, it should one day be a city of wealth, and advanced to be the metropolis of the kingdom. The abbey, how- ever, was dedicated to St. Canice, whose festival was kept here on the 11th of October, and a memoir of his life, as Primate Usher states, long preserved in this church. St. Canice was one of the disciples of the celebrated St., Finian at Clonard, was inti- mately connected by holy friendship with St. Columbkille, whom he often visited in the island of Iona, and was himself the founder of many religious establishments. Finglas was long subsequently a rural bishopric, and its dignitary indifferently styled Bishop or Abbot. In 758 died Faolcha, Abbot of Finglas * In 786 died Con- comrac, Bishop of Finglas.f In 795 died Dhullitter its abbot. { In 807 died Flan Mac Kelly, an anachorite, a scribe, and Bishop of Finglas. In 814 died Fergus of Rathlurg, its abbot. In 823 died the Abbot Cuimneach. In 837 Bran died, Bishop of Fin- glas, as did Robert in 865. In 1011 died the Abbot Cian, and in 1038 the Abbot Cairbe O'Connellan, died at Rome. The An- nals of the Four Masters record the deaths of various other abbots or bishops of Finglas. In 1171 Finglas was the chief scene of action on the occasion of the ineffective siege which Roderic O'Conor laid to Dublin, an event more particularly detailed at that period in the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." Soon afterwards a most wanton and impolitic violation was perpetrated here, by a group of English archers, who had the te- merity to cut down some of the beeches and yew trees, which St. Canice himself had planted in its long-revered and holy ground. * Annals of the Four Masters. tlb. 374 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. So sacrilegious did the act appear, even to the invaders them- selves, that Cambrensis, who relates the circumstance, attributes to it the visitation of a plague, which swept away not only the im- mediate offenders but many of the other English forces. There are still, however, some of the descendants of these consecrated trees in the graveyard. The sombre appearance of its immortal foliage well adapted it for these hallowed enclosures, where like- wise its baneful properties were not likely to be communicated to the browsing herd. It is impossible to look upon this dark evergreen without re- flecting, that it was once the great armoury of battle and death. It was by their bows of yew the English won Crescy, Poictiers, and Agincourt. It was by these the adventurers of Henry the Second's time prevailed over the natives of our own country ; and, although it proved fatal to three British kings, Harold, William Rufus, and Richard Cceur de Lion, its cultivation was earnestly enjoined and promoted. In Switzerland it is appropriately styled William Tell's tree, in memory of their patriot archer. In 1184 the land of Finglas was given by John Earl of Mor- ton, afterwards king John, to Robert de St. Michael. It was subsequently granted to the see of Dublin, and that grant con- firmed by Pope Clement the Third, by King Edward in 1337, and by King Richard in 1395. In 1191 a Bull of Pope Celestine the Third enumerates the church of Finglas, amongst the possessions of the newly-erected College of St. Patrick, as it had been stated, in a previous Bull of 1179, to be one of the thirteen prebends of Archbishop Co- myn's said establishment. To it were subservient the chapels of Dunsoghly, Ward, and Artane. In 1202 Hugh Hussey granted to Christ Church a parcel of land, extending from the high road leading to Finglas up to Athu- damas, and about the last place to Arduearnaid as far as the valley near Kilmolidoid and so to the Avon-Liffey and Cumoynagal.* In 1207 died Maolpeader O'Colman, comorb of Canice. In 1216 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed to the see of Dublin, (inter alia) Finglas with its appurtenances, and, about the * Regist. of Christ Church. FINGLAS. 375 year 1218, Archbishop Henry deLoundres assigned for the support of the Chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, the church of Fin- glas, at that time the prebend of Master Thomas de Castello, who was nominated by him the first chancellor of that establishment, from which period to the seventeenth century this church con- tinued to be the chancellor's prebend. In 1225 the priory or rather cell of Castleknock, for such it was, dependant upon the priory of little Malvern, contested with the canons of St. Patrick's the tithes of the land lying between the river Tolka and the farm of Finglas, which, they alleged be- longed to the parish of Castleknock. The matter was compro- mised on the interference of the Archbishop, and with the consent of the Prior of little Malvern.* For a notice in 1227, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1240 Archbishop Luke confirmed to Christ Church 60a. of land near Finglas, and about the same time granted to " the men of Finglas" 158a. and three stangs of land as surveyed, and stated to be held in freehold under the see, at the yearly rent of £4 14s. 7d. and certain dues of wax. In 1271 Fulk de Sandford, Archbishop of Dublin, died in his manor of Finglas, and was buried in the chapel of the Blessed Vir- gin in St. Patrick's Cathedral. In 1326 an inquisition was taken as to the extent of the manor of Finglas. At the close of this century a branch of the Barrett family was settled here. In 1389 John de Karlell, clerk, had leave to absent himself from Ireland, and receive, notwithstanding, the full revenues of the chancellorship of St Patrick's, and the prebend of Finglas annexed, the prebend of Slievecolter in the cathedral of Ferns, the prebend of Offyn in the cathedral of Limerick, the wardship and marriage of Ralph the son of Maurice, Baron of Burnchurch, the farming of the deanery of Dublin, and of the prebend of Cros- patrick, with the church of Rosclare and the chapelry of Bally- more annexed.f No small accumulation of church preferments. For a notice in 1403, see ante at " Portane." In 1416 the celebrated hero John Talbot, Lord Furnival, * Dign. Dec. f. 22, &c. t Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 376 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Lord Justice of Ireland, had a residence here, where, in the same year, he " had a son born unto him, who, on the day of St. Law- rence the martyr, departed this life, and was buried in the choir of the Friars' Preachers Church in Dublin."* In 1511 Walter Fitzsimons, Archbishop of Dublin, afterwards Lord Chancellor and Deputy Lieutenant of Ireland, died here,f and was honourably interred in the nave of St. Patrick's Cathe- dral. Soon afterwards the Repertorium Viride of Archbishop Allen states Finglas, to be a prebend annexed to the chancellor- ship of St. Patrick's. An inquisition of 1547 defines the extent and value of the rectory of Finglas, its demesne lands, fortress, &c. In 1567 the Reverend Samuel Mason, a Roman Catholic cler- gyman, who had previously read his recantation in Christ Church before Sir Henry Sydney, was preferred to this living by Arch- bishop Loftus. He died in 1568, and was buried in this church- yard. In 1577 Nicholas Dillon of Cappock died seised of 120a. in Finglas.J The rectory was subsequently held by Archbishop Loftus, in commendam, until in 1611 he conferred it on James Usher, with the chancellorship of St. Patrick's, notwithstanding that the right of presentation to Finglas devolved upon the king, jure devoluto and by reason of his royal prerogative, on account of the vacancy occurring during the said commendam. § The re- gal visitation of 1615 also states this church to be of the corps of the chancellorship of St. Patrick's, that James Usher was then its rector, and Matthew Lee curate, and that the church and chan- cel were in good repair. In 1621 a vicar was endowed at Finglas by the celebrated James Usher, at that time chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, who resigned the castle, the glebe, and an adequate portion of the tithes, to serve as a maintenance for him and his successors. In 1622 the king presented Jenkin Mayes to the deanery of * Marleburgh's Chronicle. t Borlase's Reduction of Ireland, p. 92. % Inquis. in Cane. Hib. § Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. FINGLAS. 377 St. Canice, with the chancellorship of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and the rectory of Finglas. In 1641 a party of the confederates of the Pale, stationed here, was attacked and beaten by Colonel Crawford. In 1649, while the Marquis of Ormond was encamped here, previous to the fatal action at Rathmines, he received intelligence that Jones had detached most of his horse to Drogheda, a move- ment which, by cutting off his provisions, would have reduced his army to extreme distress. Lord Inchequin was thereupon in- stantly sent in pursuit of them with a strong body of cavalry; he surprised and routed the party, laid siege to Drogheda, and soon compelled its surrender. Having further intelligence of a body of horse and foot employed to escort some ammunition to Owen O'Neill, he attacked and routed the horse, cut off the infantry, invested Dundalk, which Monk was forced by his own soldiers to surrender, and, having reduced some less considerable garrisons, returned triumphantly to the camp at Finglas. Hence it was, that, in the confidence generated by these successes, on the 18th of July, a fortnight before his utter defeat at Rathmines, he wrote to the king a letter, wherein, alluding to his projected attack on Dublin, he said, " that which only threatens any rub to our success is our wants, which have been and are such, that soldiers have actually starved by their arms, and many of less constancy have run home ; many of the foot are weak, yet I despair not to be able to keep them together and strong enough to reduce Dublin, if good supplies of all sorts come not speedily to relieve it. I am confident I can persuade one-half of this army to starve out- right, and I shall venture far upon it, rather than give up a game so fair on our side and so hard to be recovered if given over."* In the same year, when Cromwell's army was proceeding to the siege of Drogheda, they passed through Finglas, and it is reported that, according to their iconoclast principle, when they saw the ancient cross here, they overturned it and cast it into a pit, where it remained buried, until a fortuitous circumstance brought it again to light in 1816. A return of 1660 defines the extent of this parish and its * Carte's Grig. Pap. vol. ii. p. 389. 378 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tithes. In 1666 John Arthur died seised of 24a. here, which he held of the king in free and common soccage. In the same year Sir Timothy Tyrrel had a grant of all the interest of William Hewlett, attainted, (which was saved to sdd Sir Timothy by the Act of Settlement,) in certain lands in the parish of Finglas, kc. bounded on the north by the town of Finglas; on the east by Dillon's and Sir Robert Forth's lands; on the south by the Wood of Finglas; and on the west by Solomon's Field, Lord's Leisure, and the twenty acres in Phillips's holding, containing in all 79a., 2r., 20p., subject to a certain rent which has never been paid, while, on the expiration of Hewlett's interest which was for years, the lands should have reverted to the original proprietors. Sir Timothy was also seised of twenty acres in the " Much Green" of Finglas, wmich he held under the See of Dublin. In the same year the Archbishop of Dublin had a grant of ten acres plantation measure here, with various other townlands in augmentation of his see. At Finglas Wood, near the Tolka, is a house now occupied by Mr. Savage, one of the many where tradition says King James slept on the night of his retreat from the Boyne. King William afterwards encamped here, and hence " On Sunday, the 6th of July," says Story, " he made his triumphant entry into Dublin from his camp, and proceeded to St. Patrick's Cathedral, attended by the bishops, where he heard prayers and a sermon, preached by Dean King, on the power and wisdom of the providence of God in protecting his people and defeating their enemies ; he afterwards returned to the camp to dinner." On the 7th and 8th of July he reviewed his forces on horseback, " seeing each regiment march by him, inquiring the officers* names, and what other things concerning them he thought fit ; the commissaries taking an exact list of all the private men, both horse and foot, that appeared in the ranks, when the numbers were calculated as 22,579 foot, 7,751 horse, and 483 officers." In 1694 the king presented Dillon Ashe to the vicarage of Finglas. In 1697 the Reverend Bartholomew Scally was returned as Parish Priest of Finglas, St. Margaret's, and the Ward. About the same time Sir Daniel Bellingham, first Lord Mayor of the City of Dublin, granted lands in this parish, then of the value of about £60 per annum, and in 1764 considered worth £200 per FINGLAS. 379 annum, for the relief of poor debtors in the city and four-courts marshalseas, and vested the same in the clerk of the crown, and one of the six clerks in chancery as trustees for that purpose. This laudable object, however, was never enforced, and the heirs of the trustees have appropriated the property. In 1710 the celebrated Joseph Addison, then Secretary of State in Ireland, wrote to Dean Swift : " I am now just come from Finglas, where I have been drinking your health, and talking of you with one who loves and admires you better than any man in the world, except your humble servant." The passage is only cited to shew how firmly that good man, in his official situation, refused to resign his acquaintainceship with the Dean, and continued to him his accustomed friendship throughout all the storms of political revolution. In 1716 the celebrated Thomas Parnel was vicar of Finglas. " This preferment," says Mr. Brewer, " should have been pecu- liarly desirable from its contiguity, as a place of residence, to Glas- nevin, the favoured abode and resort of his literary friends ; but Parnel removed to Finglas in the clouded evening of his brief life, and brooded in his retirement over the agonies of a breaking, heart." In 1722 the king presented Robert Howard to this vicarage, with the precentorship of Christ Church pro hdc vice. In 1726 James Stopford obtained this vicarage on the same presentation, and was himself succeded in 1754 by Robert Caulfield. In 1769 Charles Davis bequeathed £6 per annum to the cha- rity school here, and the residue of his property to the charter school corporation. In 1810 Charles Frizell, Esq. of Holies-street, Dublin, be- queathed £200, in trust to apply the interest annually for the poor of this parish, towards buying bread to be distributed every Sunday by the minister and churchwardens. Lands were also left at a more remote period for charitable purposes here, but of which no account can now be attained. At Finglas, in the botanic department, may be found scandix pecten Veneris, shepherd's needle; bunium flexuosian, pig-wort ; shun nodiflorum, pro- 380 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. cumbent water parsnip ; heracleum sphondylium, cow parsnip ; narcissus biflorus, pale narcissus ; allium vineale, crow garlic, which communicates a rank taste to milk and butter ; rumex acetosella, sheep's sorrel ; colchicum autumnale, meadow saffron, whose roots are poisonous ; hordeum pratense, mea- dow barley ; scabiosa succisa, devil's bit scabious ; gallium verum, yellow bedstraw, with which the best Cheshire cheese is said to be prepared ; myosotis arvensis, field scorpion grass ; primula elatior, ox- lip ; primula veris, cowslip ; lysimachia nemorum, yellow pimpernel ; anagallis arvensis, common scarlet pimpernel ; convolvulus sepium, great bind-weed ; viola tricolor, pansy violet ; chenopodium bonus Hen- ricus, mercury goosefoot ; chenopodium album, white goosefoot ; spircea ulmaria, meadow sweet, yielding certainly a sweet but an oppressive fragrance ; rosa arvensis, white trailing dog-rose ; rubus corylifolius, hazel-leaved bramble ; papaver dubium, long smooth- headed poppy ; thlaspi arvense, penny cress ; senebiera coronopus, swine's cress ; cardamine hirsuta, hairy ladies' smock ; raphanus raphanistrum, wild radish ; geranium Pyrenaicum, mountain crane's bill ; ulex Europceus, common furze ; lotus corniculatus, com- mon bird's-foot trefoil ; senecio tenuifolius, hoary ragwort ; euphorbia peplus, petty spurge ; euphorbia exigua, dwarf spurge ; alchemilla vulgaris, ladies' mantle. On the ditches, banks, and road sides, epilobium hirsutum, great hairy willow herb ; polygonum per- sicaria, spotted persicaria ; stellaria idiginosa, bog FINGLAS. 381 stichwort ; sanicula Europcea, wood sanicle, which in ancient pharmacy was supposed to possess the qualities of the balsam of Fierabras, and was used in " potions which are called vulnerary potions, or wound drinks, which make whole and sound all inward wounds and outward hurts experience, however, has impaired its ancient credit ; viola odorata, sweet violet ; torilis anthriscus, upright hedge parsley ; ranunculus flam- inula, lesser spearwort crowfoot; mentha hirsuta, hairy mint ; lxedysarum onobrichis, saintfoin ; orchis pyramidalis, pyramidal orchis ; scolopendrium vul- gare, common hart's-tongue ; centaurea nigra, black knapweed ; arum maculatum, cuckow pint. — In the hedges and woods, solanum dulcamara, woody night- shade, bitter sweet ; polygonum convolvulus, black bindweed ; pyrus malus, wild apple-tree ; rubus glandulosus, glandular bramble ; stachys sylvatica, hedge woundwort ; geranium Robertianum, herb Robert ; vicia sepium, common bush- vetch ; bromus erectus, upright brome grass, whose seeds are a fa- vourite food with pheasants. — On old walls, glyceria rigida, hard sweet grass ; parietaria officinalis, wall pellitory ; hedera helix, ivy ; cheiranthus fruticulo- sus, wall-flower ; sedum refleocum } crooked yellow stone crop. In the quarry-holes, daucus carota, wild carrot ; pastinaca saliva, wild parsnip ; chlora perfoliata, perfoliate yellow-wort ; geranium dissectum, jagged- leaved crane's bill ; chara vulgaris, common chara ; agrostis vulgaris, fine bent grass, with its pale green leaves and highly coloured flowers ; scabiosa arve?isis, 382 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. field scabious ; potamogeton pusillum, small pond- weed; Uthospermum officinale, common gromwell ; convolvulus arvensis, small bindweed ; poly gala vul- garis, milk-wort; anthyllis vulneraria, kidney-vetch; lathyrus pratensis, yellow meadow vetchling ; vicia cracca, tufted vetch ; trifolium officinale, melilot, an injurious plant in corn fields ; Hypericum perforatum, perforated St. John's wort ; apargia hirta, deficient haw kbit ; apargia autumnalis, autumnal hawkbit ; hieracium pilosella, common mouse-ear hawkweed ; carduus acanthoides, welted thistle ; carlina vulgaris, common carline thistle ; sparganium simplex, un- branched bur-reed ; erigeron acre, blue flea-bane ; tussilago farfara, colt's foot ; centaur ea scabiosa, greater knapweed ; typha latifolia, great reed mace, whose roots are sometimes eaten in salads, while the down of the amentum is used to stuff cushions and mattresses, and with the leaves the Swedish coopers bind the hoops of their casks. In the neighbouring rivulets and streams, angelica sylvestris, wild angelica. — In the moist fields and marshy grounds, lychnis flos cuadi, ragged Robin ; sium angustifolium, narrow-leaved water parsnip; hypericum quadrangulum, square St. John's wort; hypericum perforatum, perforated St. John's wort. — In the waste grounds, reseda luieola, yellow weed ; lamium album, white dead nettle ; lamium amplexi- caule, henbit dead nettle ; cochlear ia armor acea, horse radish ; brassica napus, rape ; geranium ro- tundi folium, round-leaved crane's bill ; fumaria offi- cinalis, common fumitory ; fumaria capreolata. DUBBER. 383 climbing fumitory ; trifolium Jiliforme, slender yel- low trefoil ; carduus acanthoides, welted thistle ; gnaphalium germanicum, common cudweed ; anthe- mis cotula, fetid chamomile ; urtica urens, small nettle ; atriplex patula, halbert-leaved orache ; atri- plex angustifolia, narrow-leaved orache ; crepis tec- torum, smooth hawk's-beard. — In the shady places, glechoma hederacea, ground ivy. — In the meadows, orchis maculata, spotted palmate orchis : and in the corn fields, galeopsis tetrahit, common hemp-nettle ; brassica campestris, wild naven ; sinapis arvensis, wild mustard ; sinapis alba, white mustard ; chrysan- themum segetum, corn marigold. Proceeding up the hill on the Ashbourne road, out of Finglas, an interesting retrospective view ex- hibits the little village straggling down into the valley, the May-pole, round which so many happy groups have frolicked, beyond it the metropolis, now invested with the completion of St. Patrick's prophecy, and, in the remote perspective, the mountains of Dublin and Wicklow. The present road thence is dreary into Ashbourne. A turn, however, at right leads by the legitimate old winding highway to the Red Lion, a locality, which from its name was, it may be pre- sumed, the dernier resort in former times of perilous travel, for those who found themselves at even-fall too near the Santry woods. At right of Red Lion is the townland of DUBBER, Which in 1478 was discharged from all subsidies to the state, 384 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. on the petition of the abbot of St. Mary's abbey,* who appears by inquisition of 1550, to have been seised of a messuage with a dove-house, garden, haggard, ninety-eight acres of land, and an ash-grove therein. The tithes of Dubber were subsequently farmed out by the Lords Lieutenant as part of the royal revenue. For a notice in 1582, see " Dunsoghly." In 1611 Sir Chris- topher Plunkett passed patent for the temporal land in Dubber, one castle, six messuages, and eighty acres, ten acres near Finglas- Bridge in St. Canice's parish, all the lands in Balrothery late in the tenure of John Savage, deceased, &c."f A wide plain extends at left between this road and the Dublin mountains, and presently, before en- tering St. Margaret's, appears at left, on a road which crosses the Ashbourne highway and leads to Mal- laghiddart, the fine old castle of DUNSOGHLY, an extensive central square, with four projecting square, angular towers, one occupied by winding stairs, the others carved into small apartments, the windows being all square and spacious. On entering the central part, a large vaulted kitchen presents itself, into which a comparatively modern entrance has been quarried, a flight of twenty- three steps leads thence to the drawing-room, a spa- cious wainscotted apartment, with some old family portraits surrounding the walls, powerfully reminding the spectator of the time, when the spirit of mirth presided in that baronial apartment, when the fire roared through the tunnel of its chimney, and the * King's MSS. p. 378. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. DUNSOGHLY. 385 strong ales and the Gascon wines were lavishly dis- pensed, while noble gentlemen, long since departed from the stage, and many, whose names have been trans- mitted with the associations of historic interest, sported with their ladies-loves, and the harper alternately won their willing ears to songs of bold achievement, or the lighter gaiety of dancing measures. A flight of twenty-one fine stone steps conducts thence to the se- cond floor, and a third of twenty-three steps to where the third floor should be, but it has been removed, while, above it a further flight of ten steps ascends to a watch-tower springing from the roof. The view thence is inconceivably extensive. The church of Screen, the mill of Garristown, the hills of Mulla- how, Hollywood, the Man of War, the castle of Bal- dungan, the shores and vicinity of Lough Shinny, Lambay, Ireland's Eye, Howth, Bray-head, the Sugar Loafs, the Dublin mountains, the plains of Kildare succeed in the circuit of the extensive panorama, while, in the intermediate and inner scope, St. Mar- garet's and its ruins, Santry and its woods, Dublin enveloped in haze, and other innumerable objects present themselves. The " dun" in this denomina- tion evinces, by the undying memorial of a name, that a fortress existed here, in times of even more re- mote antiquity than the settlement of the Plunketts upon it. The present castle is the property of Mrs. Kavanagh, one of the descendants and co-heiresses of Sir John Plunkett. Adjoining it is the old family chapel, a small edifice with an old arched doorway, over which a curious slab is inserted, representing 2 c 386 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the Cross, ladder, nails, ropes, and other accompani- ments of the Crucifixion, admirably carved in alto- relievo, and below them the letters, " J. P. M. D. D. S. (i. e. Joannes Plunkett Miles de Dun-Soghly), 1573." In 1422 the King granted to Henry Stanyhurst, the custody of all the messuages &c, which had belonged to John Finglas of Dunsoghly, in the counties of Dublin or Meath, to hold during the minority of the heir of said John, rent free.* In 1424 Roger Finglas was relieved from all arrears of crown rent, due by him out of the lands and tenements of Dunsoghly and Oughtermoy ."j" Soon afterwards, this place passed into the possession of Sir Rowland Plunkett, the youngest son of Sir Christopher Plunkett, Baron of Killeen, and Lord Deputy of Ire- land in 1432. In 1446 Sir Rowland Plunkett of Dunsoghly Castle, was ap- pointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and, at the commence- ment of the reign of King Henry the Eighth, his son Sir Thomas Plunkett was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. In 1559 Sir John Plunkett of Dunsoghly, the grandson of this Sir Thomas, was Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, and died in 1582 seised of the manors of Dunsoghly and Oughtermoy, 120 acres ; eighty acres in Harristown, Corbally, Donore, and Merry- gall ; eighty acres in Dubber ; twenty acres in Porterstown ; thirty acres in Balrothery and Fowkestown, &c.J He held the manors of Dunsoghly and Oughtermoy from the Archbishop of Dublin by fealty. In 1641 Colonel Richard Plunkett of Dunsoghly, was an active adherent of the lords of the Pale, and one of those for whose head the Lords Justices and Council offered a reward of £400. In 1666 the House of Commons, taking into consideration " the great sufferings of Sir Henry Tichbourne by the late rebel- lion, and his many great services," and considering that by the * Rot in Dom. Cap. Westm. t lb. X Inquis. in Cane. Hib. st. Margaret's. 387 act for taking away the Court of Wards and Liveries, the said Sir Henry was deprived of the benefit of the wardship of Nicholas Plunkett of Dunsoghly, " which was given him by his late majesty, towards a compensation for his losses by and services against the said rebels, for which wardship he gave a considerable fine to his majesty, and underwent other expenses concerning the same ;" the Commons, therefore, voted him a sum of £2000 as a gift in lieu of the said wardship, &c, same to be paid out of the revenue of hearth-money. This Nicholas (it is said) was the author of " A faithful History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in Ireland, from its beginning in the year 1641 to its conclusion, with an introductory account of the true state and condition of that kingdom before the year 1641, and the most material passages and actions which since that time hath contributed to the calamities it hath undergone," a work which was long preserved in manuscript by his posterity. From him descended the last Nicholas Plunkett of Dunsoghly, whose estates, on failure of his male issue, were divided amongst his three daughters, Mrs. Grace of Gracefield, Mrs. Malone of Pallas Park, and Mrs. Dunne of Brittas. Near the ruins of Dunsoghly the botanist will find, festuca loliacea, spiked fescue grass, a grass which, it is to be remarked, rarely perfects its seed, and whose cultivation is consequently inconvenient and expensive ; silene inflata, bladder catchfly. The natives of Zante eat the boiled leaves of this plant, which are said to partake of the flavour of green peas. — In an adjoining moor is found, cenanthe phel- landrium, fine-leaved water dropwort ; and, on the way sides, silene nutans, Nottingham catchfly. st. Margaret's next invites attention, with the ruins of the old church, which was dedicated to the saint who gives name to 2 c 2 388 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the village, and was anciently dependant on the church of Finglas. These ruins, enwrapt in ivy, are not un- interesting, while near them is a fine mausoleum, erected in 1 746, for Andrew Morgan and his poste- rity. His armorials appear in front, in white marble, over the entrance, with the motto, " Regalis et fortis quamvis eradicata viresco," under which is a slab charged with deaths' heads and cross-bones, — angels, with the trumpet of resurrection, hour-glasses, deaths with scythes, &c. Immediately attached to the church is a small chapel, now unroofed, built by Sir John Plunkett (before-mentioned at Dunsoghly), in the reign of Elizabeth, as a cemetery for his family. The architecture of this chapel is mean, though it presents a Gothic arched door, with a canopy supported by corbel heads, and a number of rude pinnacles and small crosses disposed like a battlement on the top of the wall. Over the doorway is a square tablet with the inscription, " Joannes Plunkett de Dunsoghlia Miles, Capitalis quondam Justiciarius Regii in Hi- bernia banci, hoc struxit sacellum." There is a slab inside which records the time of his decease. From this little chapel grows out, like a transept, a smaller burial-place, now tenanted by a lonely elder tree. These small chapels were more usually styled chantries, and were endowed for one or more priests, on condition of their saying mass and offering prayers for the soul of the founder, and such of his ancestors or descendants as he might have prescribed in the grant. All such gifts, however, and all possessions under them were rendered illegal in the time of King ST. MARGARET S. •389 Edward the Sixth. It may be remarked that Dug- dale, in his History of St. Paul's Cathedral, mentions no less than forty-seven chantries as belonging to that church. The churchyard of St. Margaret's has no mo- nument worthy of note, unless perhaps one to the Hayden family from 1706, and another to that of Warren from 1722. In the village, at the head of a very small com- mon, are situated a plain but commodious Roman Catholic chapel, and a school in connexion with the National Board, and receiving therefrom for its support £10 annually; near them is the tepid spring formerly of such repute. It was dedicated to St. Brigid, and enclosed by the above-named Sir John Plunkett with a battlemented wall, so as to form a pleasant bath six yards long and three broad, still in good preser- vation ; but fashion no longer acknowledges " the charms that sages had seen in its face;" and, although it is pleased to continue the sparkling ebullitions of its medical munificence, the 'quantum sufficif of mouths is no longer there to receive them. The temperature of this water is very low, being colder than the air in summer, but perceptibly warmer in winter, when it raises the thermometer to 51°. It is said to contain lime, muriate of soda, nitrate of kali, and sulphur, but the latter in a much smaller pro- portion; a steam rises from it in the winter, and it has never been known to freeze. The parish of St. Margaret's extends over 2,400a. 3r. 5p., and was returned in 1831 as containing a 390 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. population of 325 persons. In the Protestant estab- lishment it is a chapelry in the corps of the Chan- cellor of St. Patrick's; in the Catholic it is in the Union of Finglas. It was more anciently called the parish of Donaghnor or Dowanor. Rent here varies from £2 to £3 10s. per acre. In 1182 Pope Lucius confirmed to the Archbishop of Dublin the town of St. Margaret's with its appurtenances, while the chapelry, according to Archbishop Allen, continued for a long time to be a subject of controversy between the successive pre- lates of Dublin and the Prior of the Hospital of St. John without Newgate. At the close of the fourteenth century a branch of the Tay- lor family flourished here. An inquisition of 1547 finds the extent and value of its tithes, and that there was also annexed to the rectory a chief rent of 13^. 4cL yearly, issuing out of 14a. of land in the tenure of John Punkett near the Church of Dowanor. A return of 1660 defines the extent of the parish and its tithes, and for a notice in 1697 see ante at " Finglas." About a mile and a half beyond St. Margaret's is the village of CHAPEL-MIDWAY, a chapelry in the Deanery of Swords, united with the vicarage of Killsallaghan, and in the gift of the king. Its population, according to the census of 1831, was 335 persons. Rent is here about £2 10s. per annum, wages seven shillings per week. The church yard crowns a commanding height over the village, having in its centre the crypted ruins of the old religious edifice thickly matted over KILLSALLAGHAN. 391 with ivy, and presenting at one comer broken traces of the steps, that once conducted to a chapel above it. The consecrated ground is bordered by ash trees, and thickly covered with white thorn, black thorn, and elder, that cast a deep dark shade on the human soil from which they spring, as if the garish eye of day should not intrude upon this lonely resting- place. Chapel-Midway was from very ancient time a chapelry annexed to the church of Killsallaghan, and is so reported in the Regal Visitation of 1615, which adds that the church was then nearly in ruins. For notices in 1540 and 1613. see at " Killsallaghan." In 1673 the rectories of Chapel-Midway and Killsallaghan were granted to the Archbishop of Dublin and his successors, in trust for the in- cumbent, subject to the annual rent of £10 7s. A dreary, uninteresting road leads hence to KILLSALLAGHAN, where are some remains of a once extensive castle. A plain, rustic church is also there, without any mo- nument of note either in it or the surrounding crrave- yard, and near it is a glebehouse with a glebe of thirty-two acres. There is also a school here in con- nexion with the National Board, from which it re- ceives £10 per annum, the number of its pupils was 106 in 1834. The parish bears the same name, and, though in- cluded in the obvious course of this excursion, is wholly situated within the barony of Casrleknock. It comprises 2730a. 3r. 37p., and ranks as a vicarage 392 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. united with the chapelry of Chapel Midway. In 1831 its population was returned as 581 persons, of whom the Protestants were stated as less than forty. A monastery was founded here at an early age, which subse- quently became parochial, when the church was dedicated to St. David, and in 1197, with the consent of Aubert de Lockhart, the proprietor of the soil, was granted to the canons of the abbey founded in Dublin in honour of St. Thomas-a-Becket, by whose community a vicar was endowed there. In 1200, and subsequently, the family of de la Field 4 were seised of the lands of Killsallaghan by grant from the crown. See " Chapelizod," in the year 1200. For a notice of the Cruises' possessions here in 1392, see at " Merrion." In 1412 Thomas, the son of Sir John Cruise, was seised of this manor by inheri- tance, and so transmitted it to his descendants. In 1536 Patrick White of Killsallaghan had a grant of the office of second baron of the exchequer. In 1537 an inquisition was taken concerning the possesions of its monastery. In 1539 its church was rated to the First Fruits at £5 6s., and in 1540, on the dissolution of monasteries, Henry Duff, the last abbot of that of St. Thomas, had a grant of a yearly pension of £42, Irish, chargeable on the tithes of the rec- tories of Greenock, Killsallaghan, Chapel-Midway, kc, with clause of distress, while smaller pensions were similarly charged for other members of that establishment. The lands of Stradbally, in this parish, then appertained to the religious house of Grace Dieu. An inquisition of 1612 finds Philip Hoare seised of the castle, manor, town, and lands of Killsallaghan, containing 300a., exclu- sive of other adjacent lands, which were so held under the crown by knight's service. The document further states, that said Philip Hoare and others, the lords of this manor, had from time imme- morial held a court baron and a court leet here. All these pre- mises were surrendered in the same year to the crown by Hoare, who took out afresh patent thereof, and died in 1630 ; they were, however, forfeited by his heir in the troubles of 1641. In 1613 Dudley Norton, Esq., Chief Secretary of State for Ireland, had a grant of the rectories and tithes of Killsallaghan KILLSALLAGHAN. 393 and Chapel-Midway, parcel of the estate of the monastery of Tho- mas Court, and which had been theretofore held under grants from Queen Elizabeth to Turlough Mac Cabe and Sir Thomas Masterson. For a notice of Killsallaghan in 1615, see at u Chapel- Midway," and for notices of the exercise of presentation in 162:2 and 1625, see at " Balrothery." In 1641 this place was the station of Lieutenant General Byrne, and hither the Earl of Fingal led a party of sixty horse- men, and was met by Laurence Dowdall of Athlumney, Patrick Segrave of Killeglan, Patrick Barnewall of Kilbrew, Sir Richard Barnewall, Adam Cusack of Trevett, Nicholas Dowdall of Browns- town, and divers others. Ormond was thereupon commissioned to drive them from this castle. u His orders were to burn and de- stroy their hauuts,and to kill all the inhabitants capable of bearing arms ; but his proceeding was more moderate, nor were these petty excursions deemed, by military men, sufficiently interesting, when the gallant forces of Drogheda were surrounded by enemies, and exposed to the utmost severities of toil and famine."* He, how- ever, dislodged his opponents from this position, strengthened as it was by woods, ditches, barricadoes, and other fastnesses. In 1661 the king presented Henry Brereton to this benefice, and in 1666 Sir George Lane Knight passed patent for the manor, castle, town, and lands of Killsallaghan, 269a., plantation measure, together with a windmill, six messuages, a court leet and a court baron, with 154a., like measure, adjoining thereto. About the same time Philip Hoare was one of the signers of the Roman Ca- tholic remonstrance. For an important notice of KillsallaAzhan in 1673, see at « Chapel-Midway." In 1680 Daniel Jackson was vicar on royal presentation, and in 1683 Viscount Lanesbrough died seised of the town and lands of Castletown and Killsallaghan 569a.. in Swords 40a., in Rolles- town 5a., and a chief rent out of the manor of We-tpalstown, kc.j In 1697 the Rev. Mr. Scallery was returned as Roman Ca- tholic pastor of half this parish, and the Rev. Mr. Murphy of the other moiety. * Leland's Hist, of Ireland. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 394 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1709 the vicarage was filled by Charles Smyth, who was succeeded in 1715 by Peter Wybrants, and he in 1732 by Ed- ward Leigh, all on royal presentation. The latter had in 1735 a grant, from James Bennett, of ten acres of glebe in Stradbally within this parish. In 1758 the king promoted Philip Yorke to this vicarage, who was succeeded in 1768 by Edward Day, he by Henry Parish in 1770, he by Maurice Collis in the same year, Collis by Richard Straubenee Wolfe in 1801, Wolfe by Thomas Henry Kearney in 1803, he by Charles Milley Doyle in 1806, and his successors have been Mr. Gregg and Mr. Perrin the present incumbent. In 1810 the Board of First Fruits lent £768 for the erection of the church here. A beautifully shaded road leads hence to FIELDSTOWN, where is a sweet seat of Mr. Bourne, intersected by a pretty rivulet, and on every side surrounded by the shadiest hedged roads. In this demesne is a burial ground and some traces of the ancient chapel. This edifice was, at a very early age, dedicated to St. Cathe- rine, the Virgin and Martyr, and was subservient to the church of Clonmethan. The history of St. Catherine states that she was born at Alex- andria, and endowed with such a capacity, that in the year 305 she disputed with fifty heathen philosophers, all of whom she converted to the true faith. For this offence the Emperor Max- entius caused her to be cast into prison; but, being visited there by the empress and one of the principal generals of Maxentius, she converted them also, whereupon the emperor was so enraged, that he ordered her to be tortured with four cutting wheels, in which were saws of iron, sharp nails, and sharp knives; the wheels turned one against another, and thus the saws, knives, and nails met. She was so tied to one of the wheels, that the other being FIELDSTOWN. 395 turned the contrary way, her body might be torn in different places with the sharp instruments; she was afterwards beheaded. The Catherine wheel used for artificial fire works, derived its name from the instrument of her martyrdom, beside which she is usually represented as standing. St. Catherine being esteemed the patroness of learned men, her image is frequently to be seen in the libraries of the ancients. Her festival is observed on the 25th of November. In the year 1200 and subsequently, this locality was the estate of the family of de la Field, from whom it derives its name. In 1321 Nicholas Dowdall, prebendary of Clonmethan, in a petition preferred by him to parliament, stated, " that divers per- sons, aliens, strangers, and denizens, did frequent in considerable numbers, by way of pilgrimage, the chapel of St. Catherine the Virgin and Martyr of Fieldstown, which was appropriated and annexed to the prebend of Clonmethan, being for the health and safety of their souls, and accomplishment of their petitions and prayers: and those persons he complained had been repeatedly vexed and molested on divers pretences, by reason of which they were obliged to lay aside said devotions and pilgrimages." Par- liament accordingly ordained that the persons and properties of all such pilgrims should, during their pilgrimage, be under the protection of the king, and that no such person should be arrested on any writ or authority whatever, for debt, treason, felony, or trespass, until said pilgrimage should be accomplished ; provided that during their going thither, dwelling there, and returning, they did behave peaceably to the king's liege subjects. It was also ordained, that any officer who should vex or arrest the persons, or molest the houses of such pilgrims contrary to the statute, should forfeit for every such offence the sum of £20.* These patrons, however, subsequently rather inducing superstition than religion, and leading in licentiousness and riot were very com- mendably suppressed. In 1479 this property passed from the old proprietors, the de la Fields, to Sir Richard Barnewall, ancestor of the Viscounts Kingsland, on his marriage with Catherine de la Field. To his * Statute Roll, 14 Edw. IV. 396 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. son Patrick Barnewall of Fieldstown, the Prior of the Abbey of Louth granted a pension in 1539 of 13s. 4d. during his life for his good services; while the Prior of Great Connal in the county of Kildare, gave him an annuity of 40s. for his good counsel given and to be given. A considerable portion of this townland re- mained in the Barnewall family to a very recent date. In 1535 Patrick Barnewall of Fieldstown had a grant of the office of sergeant-at-law and solicitor general ; and, in the Act of Absentees passed in 1537, there is a special clause that nothing therein should be hurtful or prejudicial to Patrick Barnewall of Fieldstown, his heirs, &c. in respect to certain lands, which he held of "the monastery of the Blessed Lady of Carmel." An inquisition of 1546 states the tithes of Fieldstown chapelry as payable to the prebendary of Clonmethan, out of the townland of Fieldstown, being of the yearly value of £4 0$. 4d. besides al- tarages, and £3 6s. 8d. annually arising out of the chapel, assigned to the curate there for his stipend. The regal visitation of 1615 reports the church of Fieldstown impropriate, and the curacy annexed to the church of Clonmethan. For a notice of Lord Howth's possessions here in 1619, see at " Howth," and of the Barnewalls in 1685, see at " Turvey." Of the canal projected from Malahide hither, see ante, " Malahide," at 1788. The Family of de la Field, still indissolubly identified with this locality, notwithstanding then- total estrangement from its possession, were originally derived from Alsace, and long resided in the chateau that bears their name, situated in a pass of the Vosges mountains, about three days' journey from Colmar. They were also lords of considerable possessions in Lorraine. The ruins of their castle and its chapel yet remain, and afford a picturesque but melancholy memorial of the splendour of the Counts of la Field, as styled by du Chesne, who records the tributes they claimed, the retinue and hospitality they maintained, as well as the difficulties they encountered in the early wars of Germany and France, notwithstanding the assistance they received THE FAMILY OF DE LA FIELD. 397 from the Earls of Flanders, and the house of Hapsburg, to both of which they were allied by marriage : " La croix d'or de la Feld luisant parmi les, En courageux defi lances des armees de la France." A cadet of this noble line came over to England about the time of the Conqueror, and, accordingly, Hubert de la Field is recorded as a tenant in capite in Buckinghamshire, in the third year of the reign of that monarch, as is also John de la Field in 1109. King John early in his reign granted a considerable estate at Streatham in Surrey, which had been the property of Peter " Feald," to William de Rivers, Earl of Devonshire, and in 1253 John de la Feld intermarried with Elizabeth Fitzwarine, from which marriage descended the de la Felds of Field Place in Sussex, as also the de la Felds of the above locality of Fieldstown, and in right of which marriage, the head of this sept now claims the title of Fitzwarine as a barony in fee. About the year 1270 Ralph de Feld granted six acres in Botlowe (Gloucestershire), to the abbey of Flaxley, while other members of the family were, at the same time, settled in Hertfordshire and Kent. In 1299 Adam de la Field was one of the king's valets on service in the castle of Lough- maban and in the king's army, for which he received for himself and his " mailed" horse, an allowance of twelve pence per day. About the same period, Reginald de la Field was a landed pro- prietor in the palatinate of Meath. In 1315 Robert de la Feld was keeper of the tallies under the Earl of Warwick. In 1344 John, the son of John de la Field, was seised of the manor of Skidow in the county of Dublin, and in 1359, was one of the three appointed to assess and collect a subsidy over that county. In 1373 the sheriff thereof was directed to summon this John de la Field amongst others, the chief men of the county, to a great council. In 1385 the king, in consideration of the great expense which Alexander, Bishop of Ossory, had, while Treasurer of Ireland, incurred in Munster and elsewhere, granted to him the custody of the estates of John, the son of John de la Field, de- ceased, to hold same during the minority of said John's brother and heir, Richard de la Field. In 1389 Michael de la Felde was Vicar of St. Mary's church of Callan, and Dean of St. Canice's 398 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. cathedral, Kilkenny ; and in 1390 Richard Field was installed one of the canons of the free chapel in Windsor. In 1402 Thomas Felde, merchant of Salisbury, petitioned the English, parliament, stating that he had been plundered of various goods and merchandise by the French on the high sea, and pray- ing, therefore, letters of marque and reprisal. In the same year in Ireland, Walter de la Felde was appointed one of four collectors of a subsidy, granted by the commonalty of the county of Dublin, while Thomas de la Feld had a similar commission in the barony of Duleek ; John de la Feld was at this time seised of Fieldstown, which his daughter and heiress Catherine having inherited, passed with her on her marriage with Richard, the son of John Barne- wall of Trimlestown, as above-mentioned. In 1416 John Felde was one of the knights who served under the Duke of Gloucester, at the battle of Agincourt. In 1454 another of the same name was sheriff of London, became subse- quently an alderman thereof, and merchant of the staple of Calais. He died in 1474, and has a fine monument erected to his memory in the cathedral of Hereford. In 1479 Doctor Field, Warden of Winchester, was a considerable benefactor to King's College, Cambridge ; and in 1480 one of this family was Master of Fo- theringay College, the windows of which he considerably beauti- fied, as recorded by Camden. In the commencement of the sixteenth century, Patrick de la Field of Painstown intermarried with Elizabeth, the daughter of Thomas Cusack of Geraldstown, and granddaughter of the six- teenth baron of Howth. A branch of the Fields was about the same time settled at CordufF in the County of Dublin. In 1534 Captain James de la Field, chief of the sept, was one of the ad- herents of the unfortunate Thomas Fitz-Gerald, and in his cause besieged the castle of Dublin ; but the citizens having closed their gates, and thus cut off" his party from communicating with their friends, some of Field's detachment were fain to escape by swimming over the river, but the greater number were taken prisoners. About the same time a branch of the Fields was planted at Shipley in Yorkshire ; and at the close of this century flourished Mr. Field the Puritan, notices of whose writings are preserved in THE FAMILY OF DE LA FIELD. 399 Collier's Poetical Decameron, as are some of his letters in the Cottonian Manuscripts. In the celebrated conference of 1603, between the Presbyterians and the members of the Established Church, held at Hampton Court before King James, as modera- tor ; Doctor Field was one of the deputed divines of the latter side. In consequence of this meeting, which lasted three days, a new translation of the Bible was ordered, and some alterations made in the liturgy. In 1616 died Richard Field, Canon of Windsor and Dean of Gloucester, he was buried at the former place. In 1620 Dr. Field was Bishop of Landaff. In the seventeenth century James de la Field was possessed of considerable estates in the County of Monaghan, while members of the family flourished at Stanstedbury in Hertfordshire, at Ardes- tow in Yorkshire, at Madley in Herefordshire, at Pagan Hall in Gloucestershire, at Ashford in Middlesex, as likewise in Hamp- shire. In 1664 John de la Field was one of those who petitioned for a remuneration to Sir Robert Talbot and others, who had been agents for the Roman Catholic nobility and gentry of Ireland, such remuneration to be levied off the estates of the restored Roman Catholics. A branch of the Field family was then settled in Cork, two of whose descendants, John and Richard Field, were amongst those attainted in King James's parliament of 1689, while another member established himself in Armagh, of which town John Field was sovereign in 1715, 1720, 1724, 1725, and 1728. In 1697 John de la Feld, a descendant of the marriage men- tioned at 1253, who had entered the imperial service, acquitted himself with distinguished gallantry at the battle of Zenta in Hungary, fought by Prince Eugene against the Turks, and was thereupon created a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. In the records of the ensuing period, various members of the family are traced at Islington, at Woodford in Essex, at Kingston-upon-Hull, at Camden Hill, Kensington, and in Lancashire. From Fieldstown the course of this excursion en- ters the parish of 400 COUNT V OF DUBLIN'. KILLOS3E RY, otherwise called Ashbourne-rath, and stated in an ancient document as comprising the following town- lands : ACRES. ACRES. . . 80 . 100 Rath of Killossery . . . 172 Mount Stewart . . 40 Blackhall .... . . 40 Newtown Brazeel . . . 27 . . 240 . 50 . .320 Morgan's-bush . . . . 20 . . 240 . 60 Brackdenstown . . . . 60 Knockbryan and Dromin . 17 Willvbush . . . , 20 Mention is also made of Caddelstown as appertaining thereto, but no account is given of its specific con- tents. The rectory being appropriated to the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's, and the tithes to its econo- my, Killossery ranks as but a curacy in the union and deanery of Swords, extending, according to the Trigonometrical Survey, over 2731a. Or. 28p. Its total population was returned in 1831 as 380 persons, of whom 374 are stated to be Roman Catholics. — There is a school in the parish to which the National Board allows £10 per annum, and which in 1834 was attended by 121 pupils. The principal lord of the fee is a Mr. Coote resident in Hampshire. Within the ivied ruins of its ancient church, which was dedicated to St. Brigid,* is a tombstone * Repertcrium Viride. KILLOSSERY. 401 commemorative of the Reverend Philip O'Reillv, parish priest of Rollestown in 1 7$9. For a notice of Killossery and the origin of the name of Ash- bourne, see at i^ Piekerstown" in 1359, and for another notice in 3489, see il Swords*' at that year. An inquisition of 1547 defines the extent and value of the economy's tithes here, which were in ] 565 demised for twenty- one years, at the annual rent of £13 6s. Sd. to Henry Draycot, as the tithes personal., predial, and mixed, of corn and hay from the rectory. 6cc. of Killossery. In 1584 Queen Elizabeth granted to Ellen and Richard Nu- gent of Kilkarne, the lands of Kilinore and other denominations containing 240a... the town of Curragh. and a farm in the Rath of Killossery 60a., 6cc, to hold at a ceitain annual rent. At the close of this century Philip Hoare held of George Ca- dell, as of his manor of Cadellstown. four messuages and one ea- rn cat e of land in the town and fields of Killossery. alias the Rath of Killossery, alias Ashbourne-rath. annual value, four shillings, also a water-mill and fulling-mill here,* all which premises said Philip surrendered to the crown in 1612, and having taken out a fresh patent thereof, died seised of the same in 1630. His heir was attainted and outlawed for his politics in 1641, but Philip Hoare obtained a fresh patent of the same property. For a no- tice of the Nugent property here in 1611. see at Goghran- Swords." The regal visitation of 1615 returns this church as then impro- priate to the economy of St. Patrick's Cathedral. At which time Robert Barnewall of Dunbroe. held two messuages and 50a. here from the king, in capite for knight's service. t In 1641 Thomas Conran forfeited a moietv of Surgotstown, 125a. in this parish, which he held from the Archbishop of Dublin, subject to chief rent .J In 1666 Philip Hoare passed patent for (inter alia) 123a.. plantation measure, in the Rath of Killossery, alias Ashbourne- * Inqu:s. in Cane. Hib. f lb. t lb. 2 D 402 COUNTY OF DUBLIN 7 . rath, with two water-mills there, &c. For a notice of its tithes in 1681, see ante at " Malahide." In 1682 Christopher Fagan died seised in tail male of the small tithes of the Rath of Killossery, therein stated to be in the Barony of Coolock.* For a notice of the Barnewall possessions here in 1685, see at " Turvey." In 1697 Edmund Murphy was returned as parish priest of Killossery, and resident in Rollestown. In 1703 Robert Echlin had a grant of 39a., part of the Rath of Killossery, "the estate of Richard Fagan attainted," while John Asgill passed patent for 158a. in said Rath and in Willy- bush, " the estate of Martin Dillon, attainted," subject, however, to certain remainders to the Dillon family. Hence, crossing a pretty stream, the tourist ar- rives at ROLLESTOWN, a neat, shady village, adjoining the residence of Mr. Stubbs. Rollestown and Old- town give their names to the Roman Catholic union, which comprises the Protestant parishes of Clonmethan and Palmerstown near Green- ock, and the greater parts of those of Killossery and Killsallaghan. There are Catholic chapels both here and at Old-town. The former is a plain, neat edifice, adjacent to which is the residence of its rector, sweetly situated, and commanding, from the back windows, pleasing views of the ruins at Killsallaghan, the mill and river of Rollestown, Mr. Stubbs's improvements, &c. A pretty trout stream winds through the valley, in whose water the minnow has become very abundant, having ascended from the river of Turvey, into which * Inqui$. in Cane. Hib. CLONMETHAN. 403 Mr, Cobbe of New Bridge caused some of this Welch bait to be thrown. For a notice of the see lands of Rollestown in 1403, see at " Portrane." In the time of Archbishop Allen this locality was likewise known by the name of Scacerny. At the close of the sixteenth century Thomas Belling was seised of one messuage, and five acres in Rollestown, which he held of the Archbishop of Dublin by fealty, and in 1683 George Vis- count Lanesborough died seised of five acres here, which he held of the king in free and common soccage.* CLONMETHAN, the next locality, forms a prebend in St. Patricks Cathedral, valued at £638 per annum, and paying £5 8s. l^d. to the First Fruits. Its rectory and vi- carage were united in 1675 with the vicarages of Palm- erstown, Greenock, Westpalstown, Ballymadun, and Ballyboghill, but Greenock has been latterly severed from the union. The church here is a small, un- adorned structure, for the repairs of which the Eccle- siastical Commissioners have granted £175 4s. lid. It contains no monuments, nor are there any in the surrounding graveyard. Near it is the glebe house, with 55a. of glebe attached to it. In the adjacent Old-town is a plain Roman Catholic chapel, in the vestry of which a poor school is kept, which is at- tended by about forty children. The parish comprises 3027a., 3r., 19p.> in ten townlands; the half of this tract belongs to the see of Dublin. The population of the whole was returned * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 2 d 2 404 COUNTY OF DUDIIW in 1821 as 440, and in 1831 as G77? while a later re- port states that there are not ten Protestants in this census. Rent here varies from £1 5s. to £2 per acre. The church here was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and was one of the thirteen originally granted to St. Patrick's Cathedral by the founder. It is called by Allen a sacerdotal preband, and is placed by him next after St. Audeon's. To it was subservient the chapel of Fieldstown. Early in the thirteenth century, the canons of St. Patrick's Cathedral were engaged in two controversies with the prior and canons of Lanthony near Gloucester, in reference to the prebend of Clonmethan. The first concerned the right of burial at Gral- lagh, which the former claimed as belonging to said prebend, and the latter as appertaining to the church of Hollywood, of which they were rectors. The second difference was about a simi- lar right to the burials in the chapel of St. James's, Palmerstown near Greenock, which the canons of St. Patrick's claimed as an appendage of the prebend of Clonmethan, and the Prior of Lan- thony as apppertaining to the church of Garristown. Both mat- ters were submitted to the Metropolitan, who determined m the former case that the burials of the chapel of Grallagh should belong to the mother church of Hollywood, but that the vicar should pay four shillings per annum to the Prebendary of Clon- methan. In the latter he decided that the chapel of Palmerstown near Greenock, with its burials, should belong to the church of Garristown, but that the prior and convent of Lanthony should pay to the vicar of that chapel four marks yearly ; the vicar was more- over to pay a pension of five shillings yearly, at the feast of St. Michael, to the Prebendary of Clonmethan, as a full compensation for any right he might have to the said burials.* In 1216 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed to the see of Dublin, amongst other possessions, Clonmethan with its appurte- nances. For a notice in 12*27, see " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." * Allen's Registry, f. 196. CLONMETHAN. 405 In 1306 the prebend was valued at twenty marks, and in 1538 at £28 6s. 8d, For a notiee of Clonmethan in 1317, see post at « Lusk." In 1414 Thomas Cranley, Prebendary of Clonmethan, was sued for two-third parts of the issues and profits of said prebend for two years, having been an absentee therefrom, but, on produc- tion of the king's letters patent licensing his absence, the claim was given up.* In 1475 Nicholas Dowdail, Prebendary of Clonmethan, had license of absence for eight years to enable him to prosecute his studies at Oxford. The Begge family were at this time seised of certain lands here. See " Grace Dieu" at 1533. At the dissolution Nicholas Lyn was Prebendary of Clonme- than, at which time an inquisition taken stated the possessions of the prebend as one manse and eight acres of land, value 8s. ; the tithes of the hamlets of Clonmethan, Old-town, Killeene, Cabragh, Morton, Jordanstown, Cotterelstown, Newinnings, Wyanstown, and the fifty acres near Morton, worth per annum (exclusive of the altarages and demesne assigned for the curate at Clonmethan and repair of the chancel) £17 5s. together with the tithes of Fields- town (exclusive of the altarages and stipend assigned to the curate.) In 1547 the rectory of Clonmethan was leased to John Talbot of Malahide, and by him assigned to Patrick Barnewall of Grace-Dieu for twenty-one years at £21 5s. 4d. annual rent. In 1560 Alexander Craike, Prebendary of Clonmethan and Dean of St. Patricks, was promoted to the see of Kildare, retain- ing, however, the deanery of St. Patrick's therewith, "inasmuch as the said bishopric as well in spirituals as temporals, by continual and intolerable oppression of the Irish rebels, is become so small and poor as to be inefficient for keeping of hospitality, and main- taining other charges which the said bishop is obliged to support.'' In 1561 Walter Hill was prebendary. He was also vicar of Lusk, and contributed largely towards the repair of that church. In 1564 Robert Daly, who had been prebendary of this place, was consecrated Bishop of Kildare, and held this prebend with the vicarage of Swords in commendam. The queen's letter of this * Rot. ex Arch, in Dom. Cap. Westiu. 406 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. year mentions, that he a is well commended to her for his good name and honest living, and the rather because he was well able to preach in the Irish tongue." The regal visitation book of 1615 states this prebend as of the yearly value of £35, and that Thomas Richmond was then curate here. In 1667 the Archbishop of Dublin had a grant of fifty acres plantation measure here, with various other lands in augmentation of his see; and in 1675 the parishes of Clonmethan, Balmadun, Palmerstown, Grenogue, Westpalstown, and Ballyboghill, were united by act of council. In 1695 Henry Rider, Bishop of Killaloe, was buried in this church. In 1697 the Reverend Edmund Murphy was returned as the Roman Catholic pastor of this parish, together with those of Palmerstown, Killsallaghan, and Killester. In 1716 Archbishop King, by virtue of a power vested in him by act of parliament, granted to the Prebendary of Clonmethan and his successors for ever as a glebe for that parish, the following lands, viz. the five-acre park with garden and cabin adjoining thereto ; the two-acre park, and four acres and a half adjoining to the five-acre park, and the rest of Begge's land, being eight acres and a half, all lying near the church of Clonmethan, for which the incumbent was to pay £l 10s. yearly to the archbishop. In 1720 John Grattan, A. M. was installed into this prebend. It •was to him Dean Swift bequeathed the silver box, in which the freedom of the city of Dublin had been presented to him, and in which, says the testator, " I desire the said John to keep the tobacco he usually cheweth called pig-tail." The dean also no- minated this Mr. Grattan one of his executors. In the same year Doctor Harrison built a glebe house here, and obtained a certi- ficate from the archbishop of having expended thereon £300. A terrier of 1754 with a map annexed, and lodged in the dio- casan registry office, specifies the extent of the rector's glebe here as 34a. Or. 14p., and his glebe in Ballymadun as 19a. 2r. 5p. The ecclesiastical report of 1807 notices only the last-mentioned glebe. There was at that time no glebe house, but the Board of First Fruits has since granted £1350 for the erection of one, and in 1808 further granted £500 for enlarging the church, but THE BARONY OF BALROTHERY. 407 the parish resisted payment of cess therefore, and the question being at issue in the courts of law the church remained unfinished. The succession of the Prebendaries of Clonmethan was as follows, as far as can be ascertained : — 1275 de Nottingham. 1402 Thomas de Everdon. 1410 Thomas Crawley. 1475 Nicholas Dowdall. 1546 Nicholas Lyn. 1555 George Browne. 1559 Alexander Craike, 1561 Walter Hill. 1561 Robert Daly. 1615 Nicholas Robinson. 1619 William Pulley. 1628 Richard Powell. 1642 Robert Boyle. 1661 John Brereton. 1683 John Brereton. 1702 Theophilus Harrison. 1720 John Grattan, 1741 Bryan Robinson. 1743 Caleb Cartwright. 1763 Patrick Kenny. 1789 Robert Baylis Dealtry. 1795 Lionel Viscount Strang- ford. 1801 John Beresford Hill. 1 803 Storer Charles Littlehales. 1811 William Hughes. 1813 Thomas Radcliffe. 1835 Montague Leaver Short. Near Clonmethan is Wyanstown, an estate also belonging to the see of Dublin. As the course of this excursion continues hence to traverse the barony of Balrothery, with the ex- ception of the locality of Rogerstown which is in Nethercross, and Lambay accounted in Coolock, a few words may be here premised concerning THE BARONY OF BALROTHERY. This maritime district, according to the survey and valuation of 1824, comprises fourteen parishes subdivided into 174 townlands, and has been assessed to the ancient subsidies as extending over 30,370 arable acres, and 1699 acres then deemed unprofitable. The 408 COUNTY OF DUBLIN, parishes there assigned to it are Lusk, Holmpatrick, Baldungan, Balrothery, Balscadden, Naul, Hollywood, Grallagh, Garristown, Ballymadun, Palmerstown, Westpalstown, Ballyboghill, and Dunabate. In this scope are twelve small towns and sixteen villages. The surface of the barony is for the most part level, and the soil productive, resting almost entirely on limestone. It is, however, badly supplied with rivers, and its harbours have not been much improved. Being the most remote from the metropolis it is prin- cipally used in tillage. The quantity of ground forfeited herein in 1641, was returned as 19,948a. profitable, and 738a. unprofitable, while the glebe lands were stated at the same time as 334a. Passing out of Clonmethan, the first locality wor- thy of notice is DRISHOGUE, i. e. the brambly district, One of the manors confirmed by King Henry the Second to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin, subsequently further assured to that house by John Earl of Morton in 1185, and which continued so appropriated down to the time of the dissolution, when, by in- quisition of 1541, the abbot of that abbey was found seised of two messuages, 114a. of arable, 4a. of meadow, and 102a. of pasture here, annual value, besides reprises £4 10s., while a subsequent inquisition finds John Bathe seised of a messuage and 60a. here, which he held of the king in capite by knight's service.* In 1542 Patrick Barnewall had a grant of the monastic pos- * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. LISPOBEL. 409 sessions in Drishogue, while for another portion 120a. plantation measure, James Duke of York passed patent in 1666; the latter, on his attainder, were in 1703 granted to Marmaduke Coghilr, Esq., while for the former, with a considerable addition, Lord Kingsland passed fresh patent in 1685. LISPOBEL, the succeeding locality, suggests in its name, i. e. the fort of the people, that it was the ancient site of an humbler Areopagus, a justice mount of the Brehon dispensation, and certainly commands from its high grounds, a most extensive landscape over the barony of Balrothery, terminated in mountainous succession by the heights of Garristown, Mullah ow, the Man of War, Baldungan with its ruins, Lambay, &c. Although this place now presents no traces of a religious edi- fice, it had formerly one of the five chapelries subservient to Swords. In 1202 Philip de Nugent gave to the priory of Christ Church two acres of Lispobel, and in the village of Lispobel half an acre, adjoining his mansion near the river, on the west side, to build a house on, with the depasturage of his entire holding there.* In the sixteenth century, this locality was the property of the Kynton family, from whom it passed to that of Barnewall, a por- tion being vested in the Lords of Howth. For a notice in 1619, see at " Howth." In 1641 Richard Barnewall of Lispobel was one of those on whose head the Lords Justices and Council, in their sanguinary appraisement, set a price of £400. His posses- sions here were thereupon forfeited, and in 1659 the Protector demised them with other lands, to Sir John Temple for a term of fifty-one years. In 1666 Sir George Rawdon had a grant of the town and lands of Lispobel 545a. statute measure, Nuttstown 444a., as also of the * Registry of Christ Church. 410 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. denominations of Weystown and Cordanstown, of which he died seised in 1684. This grant was made in pursuance of a clause in the Act of Settlement, and in consideration of a sum of £2324 10s. 4c?., due to him " for provisions and money disbursed for the use of the army in Ireland." In 1685 Lord Kingsland passed patent for (inter alia) the mill of Lispobel, while in 1691 a recovery was suffered to the use of the St. Lawrence family of their estates in Lispobel, Parnellstown, Effolstown, Balliskadden, Boranston, &c. A pretty shaded road, with hawthorns at the one side, and the luxuriant furze at the other, leads hence back by the course of the river, direct to Rollestown and Fieldstovvn. The present line of inquiry, how- ever, turns to SKIDOW, a townland, the fee of Mr. Coote, an absentee. Its tithes were early appropriated to the economy of St. Pa- trick's. In 1344 Skidow was accounted a manor, and is so described in records of that period, John the son of John de la Field being then seised thereof. In 1542 Patrick Barnewall had a grant for ever of Skidow, and sundry other lands in this vicinity. An inquisition of 1547 ascer- tained the extent and value of the tithes of this denomination, which were in 1564 demised by the chapter of St. Patrick's to Barnaby Scurloghe, " in consideration of good council to be given by him during life to the chapter." In 1645 the same tithes were leased by the chapter to Lord Chief Baron Bysse, and he, being at that time Recorder, likewise covenanted to give the chapter " good counsel in matters of law during his life." For a notice of the tithes of Skidow in 1683, see " Killeigh." In 1685 Lord Kingsland passed patent for (inter alia) Skidow and Balgeeth 360 acres. THE FAMILY OF STAN YHURST. 411 COBDUFF, the next locality on this route worthy of notice, was anciently a manor of the Ormond family, and for four centuries the residence of that of Stanyhurst, of whom the following notices may not seem irreleyant : — The Family of Stanyhurst. In 1413 Henry Stanyhurst of Corduff, was secondary of the Exchequer chamber in Ireland. In 1489 Richard Stanyhurst was Lord Mayor of Dublin, as was Nicholas Stanyhurst in 1542, of which latter Holinshed says, " he was so great and good a householder, that during his mayor- alty the Lord Chancellor of the realm was his daily and ordinary guest." This Nicholas, it would seem, was the author of some medical works. In 1560, according to the learned Doctor John Lynch, Roman Catholic Archdeacon of Tuam, in his u Cambrensis Eversus," the Statute of Uniformity was carried by the artifice of Mr. Stanyhurst of Corduff, then Speaker of the House of Commons, who, being in the reforming interest, privately got together, on a day when the house was not to sit, a few such members as he knew to be favourers of that interest, and passed the bill in the absence of all those who he believed would give it opposition. This was James Stanyhurst, Recorder of Dublin, and one of its representatives in parliament. He was Speaker of the House of Commons in three parliaments, in 1557, 1560, and 1568, and published his three " orations" on these occasions. In 1570, on the re-meeting of the last parliament, he opened it according to the custom in a speech, which Campion has fully set forth in his " Historie of Ireland." " In particular," said he on this occasion, " the zeal which I have to the reformation of this realm, and to breed in the rudest of our people resolute English hearts, moveth me to pray your lordships' helping hand for the practice, namely, of one statute which is for the erecting of grammar-schools within every diocese, the stipends 412 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. to be levied in such proportion as in the late act hath been de- vised, whereunto the royal assent is already granted, and yet, the point in no forwardness, nor in none is like to be, excepting by some good means the onset be given, and freshly followed." This James also proposed and digested a plan for re-establishing and endowing the College of Dublin. He died in 1573, being then fifty-one years old. One of his sons, Walter Stanyhurst, translated into English, " Innocent de contemptu mundi." About the year 1584 flourished Richard Stanyhurst, the son of James Stanyhurst, and uncle to Archbishop Usher, his sister Margaret being that prelate's mother. He received the rudiments of his education in Ireland, under the celebrated schoolmaster, Peter White, from whose care he removed in 1563 to Oxford, where he took one degree, and thence retiring to London, studied the law in Furnival's, and subsequently in Lincoln's Inn. He afterwards returned to his own country, where he married and sojourned some time, but, being desirous of greater liberty in the enjoyment of his religion, which was Roman Catholic, he went into the Low Countries, where he acquired great fame for his learning. Afterwards, on the death of his wife, he took orders, and being eminent for his parts and learning, was made chaplain to Albert Archduke of Austria, then Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, where he died in 1618. During the latter interval of his life, he held a constant correspondence with his nephew, Archbishop Usher. While a very young man, he wrote u Har- monia seu catena Dialectica in Porphyrium," which was published in 1570, and is much commended by Doctor Campion, the Jesuit. His more celebrated production, u De Rebus in Hibernia Gestis," was, with an appendix from Giraldus Cambrensis, and some anno- tations, published at Antwerp in 1584. Keating animadverts in strong terms upon this work, and his censures are well merited by the errors and malicious representations with which it abounds, seasoned with a few incontrovertible statements, and wilfully la- vished on the calumniated Irish. Some idea of the credibility of his assertions may be formed, from his calling them an inhospitable nation, lamenting that their language was not extirpated, and denying that a country, whose armorial bearing is the harp, had auy knowledge or character of music. Keating observes, that he was THE FAMILY OF STAN Y HURST. 413 too young and unacquainted with the Irish language to undertake such a work, and asserts, that " he was prejudiced with the re- wards and preferments which were promised him to blacken the nation, but that he lived to repent this injustice, and when he had entered into holy orders, promised to recant publicly all the false- hoods he had published, and that he (Keating) was credibly in- formed that a writing was drawn up for that purpose, in order to be printed in Ireland." He further employs some pages in de- fending Ireland from the vituperations of this writer, not perceiv- ing that the very style of the book is as injurious to its authority, as the extravagances of Keating himself have been to the credit of Irish history. It is, however, but justice to add, that Stanyhursrs work contains much valuable information. He also wrote " de Vita S. Patricii," printed at Antwerp in 1587, and some other religious works; likewise a translation, in heroic verse, of the first four books of the J^neid, the first of which he dedicated to " Peter Plunkett, the learned Baron of Dunsany," whom he styles his brother. It may be mentioned, as this his translation is most rare, that the curious inquirer will find sufficient to acquaint him with its style, in the first volume of Sir Egerton Bryd^es's u , Censura Literaria." To this he added translations of the four first psalms, the first in English iambics, though he confesses that the iambi- cal quantity relisheth somewhat unsavourly in our language, beinor, in truth, not altogether the toothsomest in the Latin." At the end of the work is a Latin epitaph by himself on his wife Genet, daughter of Sir Christopher Barnewall, who died in childbirth at Knightsbridge, and who was buried at Chelsea. He also wrote in English, "a Description of Ireland," dedicated to Sir Henry Svd- ney, then Lord Deputy of Ireland, and published in Holinshed's Chronicles. This u description" likewise received meet chastise- ment from an author of the name of Barnaby Rich, who drew up a new and improved account of this country in 1610. Some of Richard's Letters, also, are preserved in BurmaiVs Sulloge. He had a son named William, who was born at Brussels in 1601, and at the age of sixteen entered into the Society of the Jesuits. He was a man endowed with excellent parts, and a writer of several treatises, of which Sotvellus in his BibHotheca. Sript. S:c. J»$. gives a catalogue. He died in 1663. 414 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". The northern road from Corduff to Balrothery presents at Ballough a small Roman Catholic chapel of ease ; and from a hill beyond that commands a magnificent panorama by land and sea, including the interesting ruins of Lusk and Baldungan, the villages of Rush and Malahide, the heights of Howth, Lam- bay, Hollywood, and Garristown, with countless other objects of interest. A short way beyond this the steeper eminence of the Man of War affords even more extensive prospects ; while the ruins of a once comfortable and greatly frequented inn on its summit, and the immense Magog head, that was its sign and gave name to the locality, now fallen from its high estate, and smoking a prodigious pipe with wondrous disproportion over the entrance to a cabin, induce some salutary reminiscences of the many bridal groups and joyous parties that have partaken its festive fare, and, like it, sunk into oblivion. The course, however, of this excursion, passes from CordufF, over one of the isolated districts which constitute the barony of Nethercross, into the inte- resting village of LUSK, where the tourist's attention is first attracted by the remains of its ancient parochial church, which, though still used for worship, are so ruinous, that the but- tresses present the dangerous features of ash trees springing from all their crevices. The edifice consists of two long aisles, divided by LUSK. 415 a range of seven arches ; the east end of the southern aisle being all now required and fitted up for the Protestant service. Entering this, the stone basin for holy water is seen, and near it a baptismal font, ele- vated on a pedestal, and bored at the bottom, in con- formity with the canon of Archbishop Comyn's synod, " to convey, after the ceremony of baptism, the holy water down to mother earth." Near it is inserted, in one of the stopped up arches that divide the two aisles, a very ancient monument, which was dug up in 1753, composed of coarse grit stone, and of the ordinary dimensions. A representation of our Sa- viour on the cross in relievo, occupies two-thirds of its length ; while the upper third presents at left the bust of an old man, with a ball and cross in his hand; and at right an armorial, on which a bird alone can be plainly traced. In the same line is a black slab, to the memory of Captain Richard Roe, of Bullock in this county, who died in 1656 ; while on the oppo- site wall is another to the Archdall family? since 1751 ; and a large tomb to that of " Umfries," since 1713. In the section now appropriated to divine worship, immediately before the communion table, is the costly and noble monument of Sir Christopher Barnewall, of Turvey, (grandfather of Nicholas, first Viscount Kingsland,) and his lady, who survived him, and mar- ried Sir Lucas Dillon, of Moymet, in the county Meath. It is composed of different materials, the principal figures being sculptured in grey Italian marble, whilst the lower part of the tomb is entirely of Kilkenny 41G COUNTY OF DUBLIN". marble. Sir Christopher is represented in a rich suit of armour, his head bare, and his hands joined over his breast in a devotional posture : his feet rest on the body of a greyhound. His lady appears lying beside him, dressed in a round cap and high ruffles ; her gown, thickly plaited round the waist, puffed on the shoulders, and richly embroidered ; her petticoat is designed as of sumptuous cloth of gold ; and from her girdle hangs a chain of superior workmanship, to which is appendant a scapular, two inches square. At her feet, which can scarcely be distinguished, is placed a lap-dog. Her hands, like those of her husband, are crossed devotionally on her bosom, and the head of each reposes on an embroidered pillow. The sides are sculptured with the armorials of the Dillons and Barne walls. The whole of this fine piece of sculpture is barbarously smothered up by the steps and platform into a pulpit, which exactly rests upon the faces of those fine figures. See of this Sir Chris- topher very fully, ante, in the memoir of " the Family of Barne wall." In the north aisle is a tomb of black marble, bear- ing the effigies of a knight in armour, the visor un- closed, and his sword across the left thigh, the hands joined over the breast in the attitude of prayer, and the feet resting upon a dog : the inscription on the exennie states this " to be the monument of James Bermingham of Ballough, and his wife Eleanora Fitz William, who died in 1637." Beside it, encompassed with an iron railing, is another tomb of Kilkenny marble, erected to the memory of Sir Robert Echlin, LUSK. 417 of Rush, who died in 1 757- This is inscribed with the lines — "Here lies an honest man without pretence, Blessed with plain reason, and with common sense ; Calmly he looked on either life, and here Saw nothing to regret, or there to fear : From nature's temperate feast rose satisfied, Thanked Heaven that he had lived, and that — he died." There are also in this aisle a tombstone to Christopher Russell, who died in 1750, erected near the spot where his relative, Archbishop Russell, was buried ; and a mural slab, of white marble, and two tombstones beneath, to the Rev. Nicholas Wade, parish priest of St. Michan's, Dublin, who died in 1802, and his an- cestors of Xew Haggard and Tomminstown, since 1738. Here was formerly exhibited, according to Brewer, a vestige of antiquity, supposed to be part of an idol appertaining to the Danes. "Its material," he adds, " resembles stone, but is as weighty as the most ponderous mineral : the carving represents the human features in a modification fancifully hideous, the face being about seven inches broad, and the head, without neck or body, attached to a pair of kneeling thighs and legs." This relic cannot, however, now be found ; but there is in the wall opposite the en- trance, a curious stone, carved with a small, but not disproportioned figure of a warrior. Adjoining the west end of this church, stands a handsome and extremely solid square steeple, beneath which is a crypt, or vaulted chapel. Three angles of this edifice are flanked by comparatively modern round, 2 E 418 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. embattled, slender towers, incorporated with the build- ing ; while at the fourth angle is an isolated round tower, of the " veritable antique," rising to a consi- derable height above any other part of the building, and measuring in the inner diameter at bottom two yards and a half. It is in excellent preservation, and affords, by the later erection of the adjoining belfry, a very convincing evidence, that it at least was not recognized by our ancestors, learned in acoustics, as a fit "instrument of sound" for such a purpose, as the theory of some would refer these edifices to. On the occasion of building the steeple, an entrance was con- structed from it into the Round Tower, by steps raised to the level of its ancient door. In the churchyard are monuments to the Murray family, since 1734 ; to the Dungans, since 1785 ; the Seavers of Rush, from the commencement of the eighteenth century ; the Rochforts of AValshestown, &c. Xear the church is a glebe-house, with a glebe of two acres adjacent, and about twenty acres within half a mile's distance. In another part of the town is a large and lofty Roman Catholic church. It has a mural slab to the Rev. Patrick Kelly, Vicar- General of the diocese, and pastor of this parish, who died in 1834. This edifice also is surrounded by a grave-yard, but it exhibits no tombs of note, with the exception of one to a Mr- William Clarke, who died in 1833, at the advanced age of 105. Xear this are the National schools for boys and girls, to which the Board allows £18 per annum. The number of their pupils was 128 in 1834. LUSK. 419 Lusk gives its name to the parish, or rather to two parishes — that of East Lusk and West Lusk, con- taining in the two baronies of Balrothery and New- castle, fifty-four townlands, extending over 1 6,642a. Or. 31 p., and having a total population of 5866 persons. These parishes constitute one vicarage of the annual value of £120, in the deanery of Garristown, to which the treasurer and precentor of St. Patrick's, who are the impropriators of the rectory, present alternately. In the Catholic dispensation, this parish is in the Union of Swords. It is chiefly laid out in tillage, and the number of its labourers is said to be about 140, of whom fifty have constant, and the rest occa- sional employment. The wages of labour is about Is. per day ; rent from £l 10s. to £2 5s. per acre. The chief proprietors are Lord Howth, Sir William Palmer, the Archbishop of Dublin, the Earl of King- ston, Colonel Loftus, Mr. Forbes, Mr. Byrne, and Mr. White has lately purchased, from the Commis- sioners of Woods and Eorests, the commons apper- taining to the village, which comprised about 300 Irish acres, in five parcels. In 497 died St. Macculind, Bishop of Lusk, to whom the church was dedicated. He is dignified in the ancient notices with the term bishop, and his successors are so indifferently termed bishops or abbots. According to tradition his remains were deposited in a vault, which being termed in Irish " Lusca," is supposed to have given name to the locality. Within this church was also a chapel dedicated to St. Maurus. In 695 died here Casson, a learned chronographer, and in the same year, St. Adamnanus held a synod in the abbey of Lusk, at which were present all the principal prelates of the kingdom. In 825 the abbey was pillaged and destroyed ; and in 854, the abbey 2 e 2 420 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and whole town were consumed by fire. In 887 Seachnasagh was abbot of this house. In 902 died Colman, a learned scribe and Bishop of Lusk and Duleek. In 1069 the town suffered considerably by fire; in 1089 it was burned by the people of Munster, when 180 persons perished in the church; and in 1133 it sustained a very similar visitation. In 1135 the town, the abbey, and the whole country of Fingal, were burned by Donel Mac Murrough O'Melaghlin, in revenge for the murder of his brother, Connor Prince of Meath. The sacrilege was not, however, committed with impunity, and O'Me- laghlin was slain by the people of this town. So early as the year 1178 the Pope confirmed Lusk, with its church and appurtenances, to the see of Dublin, as did Prince John subsequently, and Pope Innocent the Third in 1216. In 1188 the tithes of this parish, or at least a considerable portion of them, having previously belonged to St. Mary's Abbey, were assigned by the prior and monks of that establishment, to John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin. In 1190 the Nunnery of Lusk, originally founded for ladies of the order of Arroasia, and afterwards appropriated to the priory of All-Saints, Dublin, was translated to Grace Dieu, by the last- mentioned archbishop, who filled it with regular canonesses fol- lowing the rules of St. Augustin, and granted an endowment to it. In 1196 Pope Celestine the Third confirmed to the abbess of this nunnery the church of St. Mary of Lusk, with the tithes, being the gift of Archbishop Comyn, the churches of St. Mary of Dub- lin, St. Mary of Duleek, St. Mary of Termonfeckin, St. Mary of Serine, the Church of St. Odra, those of St. Mary of Kells, St. Mary of Fore, St. Mary of Durrough, St. Mary of Clonmacnoise, St. Mary of Evachdun, with all their several and respective pos- sessions. In 1205 Eustace de Roche obtained a grant of certain parcels of land within the honor of Lusk ; and in 1219 the church, which had previously been a prebend in the gift of Philip de Bray, was assigned as part of the provision for the precentor of St. Patrick's. The Archdeacon of Dublin, however, had at this time a certain right herein, which he exchanged for the chapel of Tawney. For a notice in 1227 see " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." LUSK. 421 la 1284 an inquiry was held to determine the right of patro- nage to Lusk, which was then litigated. The jury decided that during the vacancy of the see of Dublin the dean and chapter did present, but at other times the archbishop. The vicarage was then valued at thirty-four marks. In the same year Walter Scamnel, prebendary of Lusk, was made bishop of Sarum. For a notice of John, vicar of Lusk in 1299, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1306 Lusk having been divided into two prebends, and two vicarages, the former were valued at £33 6s. 8d. each ; the latter at £26 135. &d. respectively. In 1317 the archbishop of Dublin being seised, in right of his see, (inter alia) of the manor, a carucate, and 111 acres of land in Lusk, 125 acres of land in Clonmethan, &c, obtained a grant of the same for ever, from the crown, reserving services to the king and his successors, on vacancies of the see occurring. In 1318 an inquisition was held concerning the right of presentation to the vicarages. The jury was composed of fif- teen clergymen, and seventeen laymen, and they decided that the rector was the true patron; and the same jurors reported their value at that time to be £10 yearly. In 1375 a similar commission to that alluded to at " Malahide," was given to the overseers of the liarhour of Lusk. This record is the more extraordinary as the sea does not now come within a considerable distance of this village; it probably, however, referred to Rogerstown within the parish. In 1381 John de Bryen, being prebendary of one portion of Lusk, forfeited the issues and profits of his prebend by long ab- sence from the parish. In 1406 Thomas Cranlegh, prebendary of one portion of Lusk, had license to absent himself from Ireland for two years, for the purpose of studying at Oxford, with liberty to receive by his deputies the fruits and profits of his benefice. In 1453 the king granted to John Wright the prebend or canonry of one portion of Lusk, appertaining to the deanery of the church of St. Patrick, while immediately after Richard Eustace was by provision of the Pope, prebendary of the portion " ex parte precen- toris." He was sued on the statute of provisors for soliciting this foreign and prohibited patronage, but received a pardon which was confirmed by act of parliament. 422 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1467 a moiety of Lusk was restored to the precentor of St. Patrick's, and the other moiety confirmed by the king to the treasurer of that Cathedral, up to which period the succession of the prebendaries, as far as ascertainable, was as follows : In 1502 Thomas Rochfort Precentor of St. Patrick's, made a donation to the church of Lusk of a large table of alabaster, the high altar and three images, one of our Saviour placed in the centre, with St. Macculind, the patron saint of Lusk, on his right hand, and St. Patrick on his left. In 1513 Edmond, fourth brother of Sir Bartholomew Dillon, who was in this year made Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, was Prior of Lusk. In 1515 Sir Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond, was found seised of the manors of Turvey, Rush, and Balscadden, and a part of Lusk. In 1530 the only chapels appendant to Lusk are stated to be Rush, situated in the land of the Earl of Ormond, Kilnure, and Knightstown, now known by the corrupted name of Whitestown. The churches of Balrothery, Baldungan, and Lambecher at Bre- more, were in earlier times subservient to it, and continued even at this time to pay pensions to it as the mother church. In 1539 the vicarage of Lusk, " ex parte precentoris," was valued to the First Fruits at £14 5s. lOd. while the treasurer's portion was rated at £14 125. 6d. In the same year the king granted to Gerald Aylmer, then Chief Justice of Ireland, (inter alia,) certain lands in this parish, in tail male. The family of de Bathe having, however, subsequently made a claim thereto, the heir of said Aylmer came to an agreement, and surrendering certain parcels to them, obtained from the crown a new patent in fee of the remainder, while de Bathe had a similar grant of the part so assigned to him. For a further notice in this year, see at " Nanger In 1541 Alison White, the last Prioress of Grace Dieu, was found seised, among several possessions, of certain messuages, 1284 Walter Scamnel. Roger Fitz-Roger. 1381 John de Bryen. 1406 Thomas Cranlegh. 1453 f John Wri g nt - i Richard Eustace. LUSK. 423 106a. of land in L.usk, and a flaggon of ale out of every brewing for sale in Lusk, annual value £6 5s, 8d. In 1547 the rectory was found to be divided, as before-men- tioned, into two portions ; one moiety belonging to the precentor, the other to the treasurer of St. Patrick's cathedral, both of whom were bound to repair the chancel of the parish, and each had the appointment of a vicar. The inquisition states the de- mesne lands as comprising 80a., and details the tithes payable out of the respective townlands, with their values. Some parcels were charged with the tithes of corn and hay, others with the long tithes, to the total annual value of £123 135. Wd. It is worthy of notice, that according to this record the tithes of corn and hay from Rush and Whitestown were leased at the annual rent of £7 9s. 4d., and two dozen of dry ling, thus affording some evi- dance of the ancient celebrity of the Rush ling. In 1548 all the lands and possessions, to which the nunnery of Grace Dieu was entitled in this parish, &c. were granted for ever to Patrick Barnewall, Esq., and subsequently confirmed to him. In the same year the priory of All-Hallows was found to have been seised of the nunnery or cell of Lusk. For a notice in 1561, see " Clonmethan" at that year. In 1575 Sir Christopher Barnewall was buried here, to whose memory the marble monument, before alluded to, was erected in the south aisle. In 1609 the king's letter passed for a grant to James Netter- ville of a messuage and certain lands in the town of Lusk, toge- ther with the tithes of " the Riglas," of the yearly value of £8 7s. 6d. For a notice in 1629, see at " Kilmainham." About the year 1630 the two vicarages of Lusk were, by con- sent of the Archbishop, consolidated, on account of the poverty of their revenues, and have so continued ever since ; the precentor and treasurer of St. Patrick's presenting thereto alternately. In 1641 Luke Netterville and others caused proclamation to be made in the market place at Lusk, for the general and import- ant meeting which was afterwards held at Swords. Of the for- feitures consequent upon « the affair" of this year, the principal in this parish were those of George Blackney, 372a., Robert Walsh, 367a. John Geydon, 300a., Robert Arthur, 259a., An- 424 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. thony de la Hoyde, 145a., William Travers, 120a., and Philip Hoare, 40a. In 1667 the denomination called the Regulars of Lusk, 140a., was granted, with all the tithes thereunto belonging, to James Duke of Ormond, and in the same year the Archbishop of Dub- lin and his successors had a grant, as part of the augmentation of that see, of 53a. in Lusk, 232a. in Walshestown, &c. In 1674 the treasurer's moiety of the tithes of this parish was leased for £91 per annum. For a notice in 1682, see at u Feltrim." In 1689 Doctor Patrick Russell, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, having died during the residence of King James in Dublin, was interred here. In the same year the chapter of St. Patrick's nominated a vicar to the cure of Lusk, vacant by the death of John Archdall. In 1697 the Reverend Joseph Walsh was returned as parish priest of Lusk and Holmpatrick, having Mr. William Shanley as his curate. In 1703 Edward Swan of Kilrisk had a grant of that part of Lusk called Fagan's Freehold, 20a., the estate of Richard Fagan, attainted. About the year 1742 Doctor Stearne, Bishop of Clogher, be- queathed his paternal estate of Ballogh, together with his freehold in Lusk, (subject to the chief rent of £6 per annum to the Arch- bishop of Dublin, and to the annual sum of £20 for ever to Mer- cer's Alms-house,) to the use of Dr. Steevens's Hospital, and in 1787 John Archdall devised £200 for the use of the poor of this place. The periodicals of 1789 record the shock of an earthquake as having been then felt in this town and its vicinity. In 1822 the extensive commons appertaining to this town, were enclosed by authority of a private act of parliament, 2 Geo. 4, c. xxi. The advice of the poet is not inapplicable here, and, if you would view Lusk aright, " Go visit it by the pale moonlight." The writer has enjoyed it in that holy hour, wandered ROGERSTOWN. 425 through the tombs of its graveyard, stood beneath the awful shadows of its towers, entered the conse- crated walls, and walked amidst the dead of ages. — For a short time a dim-glaring flambeau aided to announce its once illustrious occupants, but these once made known, all light was willingly extinguish- ed, but that over which the power of man has no con- trol. The echo of the dropping torch, as it fell upon the ground, and the scattered expiring sparks of its light seemed the voice and the spirit of departing mortality. They died away and the full, clear moon streamed over the walls and monuments, mingled with the shadows of the casements and the buttresses, and the wavering ivy that softened off the radiance but enhanced its witchery. A pilgrimage to the summit of the belfry, and a softened view of the sur- rounding scenery reposing in that chaste light, and above all the bay beaming like one vast sheet of mo- ther of pearl beneath the more perpendicular rays, completed the enchantment of the spell. At right of the road from Lusk to Rush lies ROGERSTOWN, an estate of Lord Howth, having an ancient seaport, the channel of which affords good shelter and is of easy access. To go over the bar, according to the nautical instructions, bring the steeple of Lusk into a valley of the two northernmost hills, bearing N.W. half N. which is the course to steer. There is ten feet water on the bar when Lampsoon head is just 426 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. covered. It flows in spring tides about fifteen feet, and there is about five feet difference in high water springs and neap tides. Here is a pretty residence of Mr. Seaver, situated amidst ornamental plantations and well-enclosed parks, and having a choice and well-walled garden attached. The creek that runs up to Lissen-Hall, when the tide is in, gives a beautiful fore-view, while the eminences of Coolock barony on the opposite shore, and the clear chart of the whole district of Fingal at the nearer side, complete the panorama. In 1178 Archbishop O'Toole granted to Christ Church 31a. in Rogerstown. In 1356 John, Archbishop of Dublin, recovered, in a suit against John Hollywood of Rogerstown, the harbour of Rogers- town otherwise called Rogershaven, being parcel of the Archbi- shop's manor of Swords, whereupon said Hollywood executed a solemn release of his claim thereto for ever.* For a notice in 1397, see « Swords." In 1606 Nicholas Lord Howth died, seised of ten messuages and 120a. in Rogerstown, three messuages, and 15a. in Parnels- town, &c, which, as the record states, he held of the Archbishop of Dublin, as of his manor of Swords, by fealty. A well shaded road leads from Rogerstown through New Haggard to the Dublin road, which it joins near Turvey. The sandy shores between this and the before-mentioned creek, abound with the hordeum maritimum, sea barley ; and the raphanus raphanis- trum, wild radish. Returning to the Rush road the tourist reaches the secluded hamlet of * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. RUSH. 427 WHITE STOWN, as corruptly called from its more ancient name of Kniglitstown, also the ancient estate of Lord Howth. It was formerly a chapelry subservient to Lusk ; and the site of the old church is still traced in the centre of a burial ground, thickly set with obscure tomb- stones and bristly with nettles. A tasteless arch rises amidst those, erected in honour of some individual whom, even in tradition, it has now ceased to comme- morate. Near it, on the day of visit, was a freshly sodded grave, rustically adorned with the emblems of innocence and chastity — garlands of white paper fantastically cut out and wreathed over laths and osiers, a simple tribute of surviving affection. In the adjoining valley are the remains of a mill, long since deserted even by the babbling, unimpeded stream, that once turned its vigorous wheels. A short distance beyond Whitestown is RUSH, enumerated by Hollinshed as one of the chief haven towns of Ireland, and once celebrated for the curing of ling, and the extensive pursuit of other fisheries. The harbour having, however, become more difficult of access, the bounty having been withdrawn, and the inhabitants being less adventurous than their neigh- bours of Skerries, the fisheries here have wholly 428 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". declined, a fact which was strikingly evidenced by the boats that lay rotting on the shore. The village consists of one long avenue of cabins nearly parallel with the beach, and literally built upon the sands. It has a neat cruciform chapel erected in 1/60, and dedicated to St. Maurus the disciple of St. Benedict. On Sundays there is much edification in witnessing the groups of children and sailors, who devoutly attend here to catechism and moral exhor- tations. In the town is also a school, to which the National Board allows £10 per annum, and Sir Wil- liam Palmer £20. It was attended by 233 pupils in 1834. There are also a dispensary and a flour mill here. Near the village is Rush House, a handsome antique structure, containing some valuable paintings by the first masters. The demesne, more properly called Kinure Park, from the old chapel of Kinure which it surrounds, is prettily undulated and wooded, but not with any trees of age or size. A spring, called St. Catherine's well, is seen issuing from a rock on the avenue from the house to the old church, whose ruins are situated in a solemn sequestered situation, and are thickly over-arched with festoons of ivy. It was dedicated to St. Damnan, and measures about sixteen yards in length by five and a half in breadth. Within it are some old tombs, one to a member of the Walsh family, another raised monument to " The affable, obliging, exemplary, wise, devout, most cha- ritable, most virtuous, and religious, the Right Hon. BUSH. 429 George Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane," who had resided at Kinure and died in 1668. It was erected by his widow Elizabeth, who was the daughter of Christopher Fagan, of Feltrim. There is also a black mural slab in a corner of this deserted temple of the Deity, at whose foot several of the parish priests have been interred. It especially commemorates the Rev. Barnaby Farran, who died in 1 756 ; the Rev. Thomas Murphy who died in 1785; and the Rev. William Murray who died in 1795. In the outer grave-yard is the tomb of the celebrated smuggler Jack Connor, well known as Jack the Bachelor, who died in 177*2. At the very foot of this churchyard, in a sombre and ill chosen site, is a wood house, which, if designed for the ordinary purposes of rural meals and merriment, must have demanded guests of no ordi- nary class, and feelings of Egyptian temperament to recreate in such a presence. Near the ruined church are the yet more mutilated remains of the arched baronial kitchen of a castle. In the Protestant arrangement Rush is a portion of the parish of Lusk ; in the Catholic it now constitutes a separate parish. Its population was in 1821 returned as only 1004 persons, increased on the census of 1831 to 2144. The Poor Inquiry Report of 1836 states 250 labourers in this parish, (treating it as a distinct one,) of whom but 100 have constant employment, the remainder occasional. The lands about this vil- lage are the fee of Sir William Palmer, and are let, the sandy parts, at about £l per acre; the clayey at £2 10s. The former can only produce the rent 430 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. by the facility of sea weed from Lambay, Ireland's Eye, &c. A cabin without land is let for £2 annually. There is a portion of Rush, however, called Drum- managh, deemed particularly rich by Rutty, the rich- est in the whole county, and which accordingly is let at four guineas per acre. On this subdenomination, formerly the property of the Barnewall family,* are some curious earthworks. The sea here affords a plentiful supply of the raicB aspercF, thornbacks, commonly called maiden ray, which are dried and saved by the inhabitants, and an oil extracted from them. A large rock oys- ter is also found here, but so full of salt that it is more particularly used in sauces. The fishery here has, as before suggested, greatly declined. In 1820 there were twenty-three boats of from twenty-five to fifty-five tons burthen, and each employed on board eight men ; at present only eight of these boats are engaged in the fisheries, and each of them employs eight men. The harbour is dry, and wherries cannot get round the pier-head until half flood ; they are li- able to be wrecked should the wind blow hard from the eastward, in which case they are obliged to haul up close to the ground, and frequently get scraped in consequence. The wear and tear of ropes is thus very great, and, unless some assistance towards erect- ing a new harbour is obtained, the fishing vessels will be destroyed in a few years, already more than half have been lost since the abolition of the bounties. • Rot. in Cane. Hib. RUSH. 431 Rush was an ancient manor extending over the lands of Bal- cony, Heathtown, Whitestown, Balscadden, Kinure, Ardlaw, &c. The fee was vested in the house of Ormond from the time of Edward the First until the year 1641. For notices of this manor in 1385, 1461, and 1515, see " Turvey," and for other notices of its chapel and tithes in 1530 and 1547 see "Lusk." At the time of Archbishop Allen, its chapel was stated to be subservient to Lusk, and surrounded by the lands of the Earl of Ormond. In the Act of Absentees of 1537, there is a special clause that nothing therein contained shall be prejudicial or hurtful to Sir John Barnewall, Knight, Lord of Trimlestown, and Patrick Barne- wall of Fieldstown, their executors, &c. in, of, or for the office of steward, seneschal, surveyor, and receiver of the manors and lord- ships of Rush, Balscadden, and the moiety of the manor of Port- rane, or of sundry other manors therein enumerated. In 1616 Nicholas Lord Howth, died seised of two messuages and 85 acres here, which he held of the Earl of Ormond as of his manor of Rush. Maurice Connell forfeited in 1641, eighty-four acres of Irish- town, situated within the manor of Rush. Soon after which (in 1666) the Duke of Ormond had a grant, or rather a confirmation patent of Kinure 594 acres, and, on his attainder, the family of Echlin obtained a title in this manor, which descended to the Sir Robert Echlin mentioned at " Lusk" as having died in 1767. The fee has latterly vested in the family of Palmer. " In this small seaport was born Luke Ryan, much celebrated in the American war as commander of the Black Prince Privateer, under commission of the French government. This bold adven- turer, whose actions at the time attracted much conversation, was tried as a pirate at the Old Bailey, and four different times ordered for execution, but reprieved. On the conclusion of peace he obtained his liberty through the mediation of the Court of Ver- sailles, and expected to enjoy the fruits of his exploits, a fortune of £70,000, which he had lodged in a mercantile house at Roscoff in Britanny ; but his wary bankers, taking advantage, as is said, of his legal incapacity to sue, applied that large sum to their own 432 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. use. The wild career of this daring seaman terminated in the King's Bench prison, where he died in 1789 being detained for a debt of £200."* The botany of Rush exhibits on its sandy fields and shores, hordeum maritimum, sea barley ; salsola kali, prickly saltwort ; arenaria peploides, sea sand- wort ; glaucum luteum, yellow-horned poppy ; gen- tiana campestris, field gentian ; agrostema githago, corn cockle ; cerastium semidecandrum, little mouse- ear chickweed ; cerastium arvense, field mouse-ear chickweed ; spergula arvensis, corn spurrey ; reseda lutea, base rocket ; papaver hybridum, round rough- headed poppy ; nepeta cataria, cat mint ; lemurus cardiaca, motherwort ; cakile maritima, sea rocket ; sinapis alba, white mustard ; erodium cicutarium, hemlock stork's bill ; anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch ; sonchus arvensis, corn sow thistle ; carduus marianus, milk thistle ; car ex arenaria, sea sedge ; trifolium arvense, hare's-foot trefoil ; fucus ciliatus, ciliated fucus ; fucus aculeatus, prickly fucus ; fucus plicatus, matted fucus ; fucus corneus, horny fucus. — On the rocks, conferva setacea, bristly conferva; statice armeria, sea pink, &c. — In the marshes, apium graveolens, wild celery. — In the hedges, trifolium officinale, melilot. — In the corn fields, jcentaurea cyanus, blue bot^e : and, on the ditches, lichen syl- vaticus, wood lichen. From Rush, a pleasant sail of about three miles will bring the visiter to * Brewer's Beauties of Ireland, vol. i. p. 257. LAMBAY. 433 LAMBAY, an island of nearly an oval form, about two miles long and a mile and a quarter broad, comprising 1371 acres, and accounted as part of the parish of East Lusk. Its substratum consists of conglomerated rocks of different kinds, chiefly of argillaceous schist, including fragments of other rocks. There is also a stratum of sandstone conglomerate at its northern extremity. In some places the schist is greatly con- torted, while limestone and porphyry are extremely abundant, alternating with and passing into grey- wacke. The surface is very susceptible of cultiva- tion, and Archer asserts that there are strong indi- cations of coal here. There is a very curious old polygon edifice on the island, apparently constructed for defending the place, as its battlements and spikeholes command the island in every direction. It has been built entirely upon arches without timber. Near it is a village inhabited by some husbandmen, who partly plough the island, and on the rest feed cattle and sheep. The harbour, which was erected by public grants, is in good repair, but dry, and does not afford shelter to a boat when the wind blows hard from any point. The depth of water at the pier head is sixteen feet. There is also here a curious spring of fine water dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. On the north coast ships may anchor in twelve and thirteen fathoms for a southerly wind. For a sea-wind the ships must ride on the west side over against the castle, but that 2 F 434 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. road is not very good, " because always in that sound, being about three miles broad, there goeth a great sea."* The best roadstead in easterly winds is to the westward of the island, between the Burren rock on the south and the reefs called the Tailors on the north. The ground is low and level; boats and smacks may sail hence when they would be wind- bound in every creek on the main. They would be at all times from five to nine miles nearer the fishery ground, and might run hither for shelter when, ex- cept Howth, no other place is accessible on the coast. A pier might be constructed here for about £1000, which would be of the greatest utility in sheltering wherries and coasters. On the island rabbits and sea fowl abound ; of the latter the Cornish chough, corvas graculus, with red bill and shanks, is frequently seen here ; also the rock pigeon, columba rupicola ; and, according to Rutty, the anas artica often rests upon it, appearing in April and May and departing in July and August. All about the rocky shore is a great plenty of crabs, oysters, and lobsters. The latter fishery would form a lucrative branch of industry in this country, but it is not efficiently worked. Lobsters exist in great plenty on various points of the coast, yet the English markets derive their principal supplies from Norway, while in the Irish markets lobsters are scarce, dear, and often not to be had. Between Lambay and Rock-a-Bill there is a natural bed of the large rock oyster, which is dredged occasionally, but the pro- * Boate>sNat. Hist, of freland, p. 20. LAMBAY. 435 tluce is trifling. A species of the barilla plant is said to grow upon the island, and it is almost entirely en- compassed by a plentiful kelp coast. So early as the days of Pliny and Ptolemy, Lambay was known by the name of Limnus, or Limni. In 1184 Prince John bestowed it on the see of Dublin, an endowment which Pope Clement the Third confirmed in 1188. The title of the Archbishops of Dublin was not, however, com- plete until 1204, when the religious house of Christ's Church, for valuable consideration, relinquished some claims which it had thereto. See at " Portrane." In 1337 occurs a patent of confirmation for a chantry within the island, but no traces of such a building or other evidence of its endowment are to be found, In the same year King Edward confirmed the right of the see of Dublin to this island, as did King Richard when in Dublin in 1394 ; subsequent to which it was appropriated to the nunnery of Grace Dieu. In 1467 Lambay being " without defence of a Castle, and a receptacle for the king's enemies as Britons, Spaniards, French, and Scots, to the annoyance of the main land," it was provided by statute that the Earl of Worcester, then Lord Deputy, should have the said island to him and his heirs, to build a fortress on, paying to the Archbishop of Dublin and his successors forty shillings per annum ; while, in furtherance of the same object, the king in 1496, by writ, reciting that he had learned by a petition of the Convent and Prior of St. Patrick's of Holmpatrick, that the island of Lambay had on its shores various havens and creeks, in which pirates were accustomed to shelter, and that the said prior and convent were seised in right of their house of a little island called Mellock near Skerry, from which, when the tide was out, a dry way was open to Lambay, and that, if a fortified harbour and wall were constructed upon this, it would be of great benefit, granted license to them to construct same accordingly; and further gave to them in frankalmoigne all customs, duties, cokets, and pound- ages on things imported there, to the annual amount of twenty 2 f 2 436 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. marks sterling for ever.* This notice is the more remarkable, as the space between Holmpatrick and Lambay is now wholly impas- sable at the lowest ebb of the tide. For a notice of Lambay in 1541 see at " Grace Dieu." In 1543 the Lord Deputy, in his report to the king relative to the havens of Ireland, states Lambay to be " a good road for all manners of winds." And again he adds, " there be also in divers coasts of this realm Britons and Frenchmen that do some hurt upon the sea, and for that your Majesty's ships lie at Lambay, and be as they say restrained by your Highness's instructions not to exceed certain bounds, they cannot advance to do none enterprise upon the other frontiers of this your realm, and for as much, gra- cious Lord, as your Admiral here made me, in some part privy to the same his instructions, whereby it appeareth your prudent foresight to stay as well the resource out of France into Scotland, and also out of Scotland to France; and for that appointed your navy to lie at Lambay, for it is thought that the Frenchmen and Scots both have knowledge of your said navy and where they lie, and so may they pass between the same Lambay and the Holly- head, which is three-score or four-score miles, without danger of the same your navy."f In 1551 Archbishop Browne had license to alien and let to fee farm, with the consent of the chapter of Christ Church, to John Challoner and his heirs, the entire island of Lambay, with the courts leet and all other hereditaments thereunto belonging ; besides the whole coast of the said island at a rent of £6 13s. Ad., provided that he or his heirs should within six years build on said island a town or village for the habitation of fishermen, with a place of refuge circumvallated with a mound, to which they might resort in case of any sudden irruption, and also should make within the said term a harbour for the fishermen's boats, on what- ever part of the shore of said island he should think fit ; as it ap- peared that the said Challoner had brought over to the island a colony of the king's subjects to inhabit and render it safe from pirates and smugglers. Accordingly the embattled edifice, before alluded to, is with much probability attributed to him. * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t State Papers, temp. Hen, VIII. LAMB AT. 437 In the reign of Queen Elizabeth a grant of this island was made to Sir William Usher in fee, subject to an annual payment of £6 to the see of Dublin. In 1604 King James granted to Donogh Earl of Thomond the rectory and tithes of Lambay, as theretofore demised to Sir Robert Napper, and then lately granted in fee farm to Sir James Fullerton.* See at " Ballyowen" in 1602. In 1650 the celebrated Primate Usher, a descendant of the above Sir William, when the plague raged in Dublin, retired into this island with his family, and here is said to have composed some of his works. In 1691, after the surrender of the fort of Bailymore in the County of Westmeath to de Ginkle, 780 soldiers and 260 " rapparees," who were found therein, were sent prisoners to Dub- lin and thence to Lambay, t where they were confined until the treaty of Limerick ; all persons being prohibited from passing over to the island under heavy penalties. The Lords Justices, however, did not at once avow to the prisoners the cause of their enlargement, as conditioned by that treaty, fearing they might enter into foreign service. " For this end, on the day the articles of Limerick were signed, they wrote to Mr. Francis Cuffe, then in Dublin, immediately to go to Lambay, with such persons as he should judge necessary, and to discourse with the prisoners, without letting them know that they were by treaty to be dis- charged, and to acquaint them that if they would take the oath of allegiance, and promise to go to their respective habitations, they should be set at liberty, and permitted to live quietly at home."J From the Usher family, Lambay was purchased by that of Talbot ; and Lord Talbot de Malahide is now its proprietor, subject however, to the chief rent to the see of Dublin. A yearly pat- tern used to be held at a holy well in the island, until the present century, on every Trinity Sunday. About the year 1829 the pier was completed here, from which time it became a small fishing station. * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Story's Impartial History, p. 91. t Harris's Life of William the Third, p. 351. 438 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". The botany of Lambay is exceedingly interesting; it abounds with the veronica officinalis, common speedwell, with flesh-coloured flowers ; air a prcecox, early hair grass; crithmum maritimum, samphire; sambucus ebulus, dwarf elder ; arenaria marina, spurry sandwort. — In the marshy places, montia fon- tana, water blinks ; drosera rotundifolia, round-leaved sundew ; trifolium maritimum, teasel -headed trefoil ; senecio aquaticus, marsh ragwort ; orchis latifolia, marsh palmate orchis. — On the rocks, statice armeria, sea pink ; geranium sanguineum, bloody crane's bill; inula crithmoides, samphire-leaved flea-bane. — On the sea shore, limbarda crithmoides, golden samphire, flowering in August and September. — On the dry heaths, a variety of the erica cinerea, with white flowers. — In the sandy fields, trifolium arvense, hair's- foot trefoil ; trifolium scabrum, rough-rigid trefoil : while the west side of the island presents cenanthe peucedanifolia, sulphur-wort ; and cenanthe pimpi- nelloides, parsley water dropwort, flowering in July. Returning to the main land, a sandy shore, inter- spersed with low ledges of rock, leads to LOUGH SHINNY, an inlet of about a quarter of a mile square, affording, perhaps, the very best natural situation for a harbour along the whole coast of Leinster, and an excellent roadstead in all but east winds. Near it, on the sea coast, is a petrifying spring that deposits large incrus- tations of various figures on the rocks along which it LOUGH SHINNY, 439 dribbles. These incrustations evince their calcareous nature by fermenting strongly with spirit of vitriol, and in other appearances correspond exactly with spar or limestone.* Fine crystals are also found in an adjacent cliff. There are likewise on the coast of this line large rocks of the Irish slate, lapis Hiberiu- cus. Grey radiated manganese ore is met with, and a copper mine, formerly worked here, has been recently inspected, with the object of ascertaining the propriety of applying more extensive capital and improved ma- chinery to its productions. Sea lungwort, pidmo/i" j'ia marilima, with other plants and weeds of the sea, abound along this shore. In 1542 George, son of Richard de la Hoyde, of Lough Shin- ny, had livery of seisin of his father's possessions in Phepoes- town, Irishtown, Gallanstown, Dunabate, Lough Shinny, Crum- lin, Lamletter, Ballybetagb, &c. In 1637 Anthony de la Hoyde was seised of 117a. in Dunabate, 100a. in Tankardstown in the parish of Balrothery, 145a. in Lough Shinny and Thomastowu in the parish of Lusk, all which he subsequently mortgaged, but forfeited his equity of redemption in the confiscations of 1641. In 1666 the Duke of Ormond had a grant of (inter alia) Bal- ly conny, 469a., Heathstown, 134a., Bally kea, 545a., Kinure, 594a., and Thomastown, part of Lough Shinny, 212a., statute measure ; and in 1672 Charles Viscount Fitz Harding died seised ofGrallagh, 485a., Lough Shinny, 58a. Or. 14p., Puckstown, 142a.* kc, all which he held of the king in free and common soccage. In 1771 Mr. Dempsey, then proprietor of Lough Shinny, pe- titioned parliament for aid to extend a pier, he had begun here at his own expense, and, although a favourable report was made thereon, the work was not prosecuted, and it is now a total ruin. To complete the shelter here, it would be neces- Ratty s Mineral Waters, p. 4-S3. 440 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. sary to form a breakwater on the ledge of rock where the old pier was begun, so as to raise the same above high water, to within twenty perches of the point near the Martello tower ; the place affords plenty of materials for such a work. Jetties might then be run out in any convenient part of the bay, either from the shore, or the breakwater for landing, or shipping places. This harbour would have fifteen feet into it at low 7 water, and a fine, clear bottom of sand over an area of about forty English acres. At a short distance beyond Lough Shinny a Mar- tello tower has been erected on a promontory, occa- sionally insulated, for the purpose of defending the harbour of SKERRIES, otherwise called Holmpatrick, implying in its Saxon " holm" its character of harbour, and certainly re- ported by Holinshed as one of the chief havens of Ireland, but at present it assumes no appearance to justify the erection of such a battery. The village, however, is a pleasing object, and its broad street di- verging into two others of equal breadth, somewhat in the shape of a Y, its cleanly appearance, its church, chapel, schools and mills, its fleet of wherries animat- ing its bay, its fine strand and downs overhanging the water, and on Sundays and holidays enlivened by groups of the rural beaus and belles of this little " Fair port," the blue sea, and the adjacent islands cannot fail to gratify the visiter. It is the most con- SKERRIES. 441 siderable fishing village on the east coast, and is like- ly to be much improved by the proposed Drogheda Railway. The church is a very plain structure, for the re- pairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have granted £63 12s. 2d. Within it are three mural monuments, one to Mr. Dixie Coddington of Holmpa- trick, who died in 1728, one to Mr. Weston, who died in 1751, and another to Mr. Hamilton of Sheephill, who died in 1800. In the graveyard is an ancient tombstone to the memory of Elizabeth Finglas, wife of Thomas Hussey of Holmpatrick, who died in 1577> another to Richard de la Hoyde of Lough Shinny, in 1587. There are also monuments commemorative of the Coddingtons and the Woods of Milverton, some to the crew and passengers of a ship, that was wrecked some years since on the neighbouring rocks, and a tombstone to Richard Toole, blacksmith, who died in 1719 ? remarkable for the curious devices of his trade which are carved upon it. There is likewise a very old stone, with a now unintelligible inscription sculp- tured in alto relievo on the shaft of a cross that ex- tends over its whole length, possibly designed to com- memorate some lordly prior of this house. Nor was it ill suited to the reflections of the scene, that a rosy cherub babe, in laughing infancy, was spreading it- self over that prostrate monument of the long de- parted, and a group of older but as thoughtless urchins were clustered round an adjoining headstone, spelling its broad characters, or vaulting over the sodded arch that flowered at its base. 112 COUNTY OF DUBLIN*. The Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome cru- ciform structure, erected in 1823. In it is a white marble slab to the memory of the Rev. Mr. Murray, who died in 1S34, pastor of this parish. In the centre of the town are two schools, one for boys, the other for girls ; they are in connexion with the National Board, who gave £178 4s. Sd. for their erection, £20 for fitting them up, and allow £ 1 G per annum for their support. There is also another free school here, attended by about thirty children, and supported by Mr. Hamilton, the proprietor of the fee. A tambour factory has been established in the town by a Mr. Coghlau, which affords employment to a great many of the surrounding females, of whom those who are grown earn thereby about four shil- lings weekly, and children two shillings. There are also here two windmills and a water mill, and near the pier some small salt works. The harbour possesses great natural advantages, but is not sufficiently capacious. It affords a space free from shoals, with land shelter on every side but the east and north-east. A long neck of land ex- tends eastward from the shore and town close by the water of the harbour, and at the extremity of this natural embankment is a lighthouse, while on the north side of the harbour the land projects in nearly an equal extent. The pier rims in a northern direc- tion about six hundred and fifty feet, and the tide rises fourteen feet at full and change, and sluices it- self clear. The anchorage outside the harbour has been materially injured by the "Wicklow boats throw- SKERRIES. 443 ing out their ballast when they arrive for limestone, with which the place abounds. To make this harbour, sailors must, according to the technical instructions of this coast, keep clear of the cross, give the island a good birth, until they bring the northernmost house in the town in a line with a house that stands on the hill of Skerries. When they bring these marks to bear they are at the northward of the cross, and when they have all the town clear of the quay, they will have four or five fathoms of water in the road, which is very safe unless it should blow hard at east or northeast. The pier and harbour, though injudiciously constructed, afford shelter to a little fleet of wherries and smacks. In 1801 the wherries alone attached to this station were thirty-six. In 1820 fifty-two boats were employed, of from twenty to fifty-seven tons burthen, and each of them had on board six or eight men. At present only thirty-eight of these vessels are employed, each being manned as in 18*20. Skerries requires a pier on an extensive scale beyond any other place on this coast. If a vessel of any de- scription cannot reach Kingstown in a southerly gale, (a frequent occurrence,) being obliged to bear up, she has no other place but Skerries to run for except Belfast. Nature has already more than half formed a pier here on a grand scale, by a rocky projection of 750 yards into the sea, with a basement from forty to seventy yards wide, and having a deep, clear, and safe anchor- age inside for ships of any draught. An upper work with a parapet and a horn at the extremity would complete the harbour- A harbour light on the cross 444 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. rock, at the extremity of a reef running into the sea, would also be of great utility. At a short distance from the coast are situated the Skerries rocks or islands, three in number, and all re- markable for producing great quantities of seaweed, of which kelp was formerly made. Archer says he found strings of lead ore and sulphur in two of these islands, and observed beautifully coloured slate rocks, parti- cularly in that called St. Patrick's. The nearest is Red Island, the next Colt, and the third St. Patrick's, while at a yet greater distance in the sea is the Rock of Bill. St. Patrick's contains about nine acres, and has upon it some remains of the ancient church. It takes its name from the popular tradition that the Apostle of Ireland, when driven to sea by the Pagan inhabitants of the southern side of the bay, landed there and blessed it. In the surrounding waters the sea crab is found, and the bret, sometimes termed the pheasant of the ocean ; the large rock oyster is also abundant, while lobsters of superior quality are taken at Rock of Bill, as well as at Lambay and along the shores, with wicker baskets in form of mousetraps. The parish, in which Skerries is situated, is more correctly called Holmpatrick. It is in the deanery of Garristown, extends over 2131a. Or. 36p., com- prised in nine townlands, and is wholly tithe free. Its population was in 1831 returned as (exclusive of Skerries) 553 persons, while that of Skerries was re- ported as 2556. The rectory is impropriate in the Hamilton family, who have endowed its curacy with £60 per annum, to which the trustees of the First SKERRIES. 445 Fruits have added the yearly allowance of £40 out of Primate Boulter's fund. This body also granted £450 for building a glebehouse here, and £150 towards the erection of a church. The Roman Catholic union includes with Holmpatrick, Baldungan under the name of Milverton. James Hans Hamilton, Esq., of Sheep Hill, is the proprietor of the principal part of the parish, the acreable rent in which varies from £2 to £2 15s. per annum. Manured ground, how- ever, brings £12 per acre. A monastery was founded at a very remote period in St. Patrick's island, which the Danes are recorded to have burned in 797.* In the ninth century, Moel Finian, Prince of the Bregii, whose district extended between Dublin and Drogheda, resigning his government, became a monk in this abbey, of which he was afterwards superior, and died in 898. About the year 1120, the abbey was re-founded for regular ca- nons of St. Augustine, by Sitric, the son of Murchard, and dedi- cated, according to its first institution, to St. Patrick. The order of Regular Canons of St. Augustine is so called from the saint whose rule they adopted, and who was himself born at Thagasta, a city of Numidia, in the year 354. In 388 having obtained ground without the walls of the city of Hippo in Africa, he associated himself with eleven other persons of eminent sanc- tity, who lived together after the manner of monks, wearing leathern girdles, and exercising themselves in fasting, praying, and meditation, day and night. In the year 1059 Pope Nicholas the Second, finding that considerable laxity had crept into the monastic orders in the observance of their discipline, endeavoured to effect their reform by imposing upon them a new rule of discipline, and Ivo, Bishop of Chartres, introduced into some congregations of canons, severer rules even than those of Nicholas, in which origi- nated the distinction between secular and regular canons, the first observing the rules of Pope Nicholas, and the latter those of Ivo. * Annals of Ulster. 440 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The canons of St. Augustine were of the latter order, and were introduced into England by Aderwald, confessor to Henry the First, who founded a priory of his order at Xostel in York- shire. This order was highly favoured by the king, who in 1107 gave them the priory of Dunstable. Queen Matilda also became their patroness, and shortly afterwards erected for them the house of the Holy Trinity in London, the prior of which was always one of the aldermen of the city. So greatly did they from this time flourish in England, that in the time of Edward the First, they had fifty-three priories in that country, being then popularly called Austin friars. Their numbers, however, subsequently decreased there, and, at the time of the suppression, they had only about thirty-two houses ; while in Ireland they had 223 monasteries and thirty-three nunneries. The rule, which this religious order ob- served, although founded, as already remarked, on that of St. Augustine, was prescribed to them by Pope Alexander the Fourth in 1256. It enjoined, that they should have all things in common, that the rich, who might become members of their body, should sell their possessions and give the proceeds to the poor, that the first part of the morning should be employed in labour, and the remainder in study, that when they went abroad they should al- ways go two in company, that they should never eat out of their monastery, with sundry other minor regulations. There are, also, nuns and canonesses who observe the rules and bear the name of this order, from which, it may be added, arose a reformed class denominated bare-footed Augustines, Minorets or friars minor. In 1124 Malcolm O'Connacan, celebrated for his theological and scientific lore, died in this island of St. Patrick.* In 1148 a synod was held here by Gelasius, Archbishop of Armagh, and Malachy, Apostolic Legate, in which fifteen bishops, two hundred priests, and several others of the clergy assisted. The subject of their conferences, besides matters of reformation, regarded the distribution of palls in Ireland, and they unanimously agreed to send Malachy to the Pope on that errand, in which journey he died. In 1216 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed to the see of Dublin, amongst other possessions, the advowson of the monastery * Annals of the Four Masters. SKERRIES. 447 of Holmpatrick. About the year 1220, its situation in the island having been found very inconvenient, the parochial chapel was erected by Henry de Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, on the mainland. In 1357 the king appointed inspectors of all the harbours and creeks from Holmpatrick to Dublin, to prevent the forestalling of fish or exportation thereof without license.* In 1366 Stephen, Prior of Holmpatrick, was seised of the lands of Killynew in the county of Meath.-f- On the death of this prior, the temporalities belonging to the house were seised into the king's hands, as on the ground that some of his royal predecessors had founded it, but, it being proved by John Randolph, the newly elected prior, that their founder was Sitric, the son of Murchard, before the English invasion, that contests had subsisted between the priory of Duleek and their house relative to the said lands, and the subjection of Duleek to Holmpatrick, and that same ter- minated in the former making over to the latter the said premises for ever, the temporalities so seised were thereupon restored.J It may be remarked, that, on the election of a prior of this house, it was indispensably necessary to obtain in the first instance the archbishop's conge d'elire, without which the election was null and void. Next, after a public citation of all the members, they pro- ceeded to elect, and the chosen member having signified his con- sent, the body deputed certain delegates to notify to the archbishop the object of their choice, who, thereupon, appointed a day to hear objections before he confirmed it. In 1372 it was found on inquisition, that it would operate no damage to the king or injury to others, that a grant should be made to the corporation of Dublin of the customs and duties of all kinds of merchandise brought for sale, as well coming as going by land or sea between Skerries and Arklow, as of all other merchan- dise within the said city, and said customs were accordingly in 1375 granted to them. In the latter year, the king commanded the Prior of Holmpatrick to arrest and imprison all men-at-arms or archers of the suite of William de Windsor, Chief Governor of Ireland, seeking to embark thence. * Rot. Clans, in Cane. Hib, t lb. X lb. 448 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1393 sundry persons assaulted the Prior of Holmpatrick, expelled him from his house, imprisoned him at Ballough, made a castle of the priory here, and by force of arms kept possession thereof for a considerable time.* In 1476 a license was granted to the prior, James Cogan, and his successors, to acquire lands for the use of the priory to the value of £40 per annum, notwithstanding the statute of mortmain. The ploughland of Ballygossan, alias Cabra-hill, having been obtained for this priory, by grant it would appear from Edward the First, on the interference of the Archbishop of Dublin, he re- served to himself and his successors an annuity of two marks, which afterwards occasioned great litigation between the archbishops and the priory, until in 1484 Archbishop Walton, with the consent of his two chapters, very properly released all right thereto, reserving in lieu three pounds of wax annually, while he directed the annuity to be distributed between the prior and canons of this house, fur- ther ordering that the said convent should keep yearly an anniver- sary for the archbishop and his successors on the morrow of All Souls,f an arrangement which was confirmed in 1429 by William Rokeby, Archbishop of Dublin, and his two chapters. In 1488 the aforesaid prior, James Cogan, took the oath of allegiance before Sir Richard Edgecombe, who was sent to Ire- land to administer same to the principal nobility as before men- tioned. For a notice of Holmpatrick in 1496, see " Lambay." In 1516 the corporation of Dublin obtained a grant of the customs of all boats plying between the Nanny water and Arklow head. In 1532, at the hosting commanded by the king to assemble on the hill of Owenstown in this county, the Prior of Holmpatrick was summoned to attend in right of the manor of Hacketstown. Holmpatrick was one of the Irish religious houses suppressed in 1537 previous to the general dissolution, and in the same year died Peter Manne its last prior, while an inquisition taken in 1543 ascertained its several rights and possessions. In 1545 the king's commissioners were empowered to demise (inter alia), the king's farm of Holmpatrick to John Parker. — A Ret. Claus. in Cane. Hib. t Ware's Bishops, p. 342. SKERRIES. 449 very interesting notice of the expedition, which sailed hence against the Scots in the same year, is mentioned at Howth, and a letter written by one of its leaders, the Earl of Ormonde, from this port, to Lord Russell, is given in the State Papers temp. Henry the Eighth. In it Ormonde intimates, that he was sent on the expedi- tion by the intrigue of St. Leger with a view to his destruction, and, after praying a full investigation of any matter that may be laid to his charge, he concludes, " I am no timorous subject, nor shall not try my truth in any timorous sort, and would God his Excellency had even of God the grace and prerogative to know the privy thoughts of all men in their minds and disposition towards his Highness, and, if I saw all the power of the world upon a hill armed against his Majesty, I would rather run to his Grace though I were slain at his Majesty's heels, than to leave his High- ness and save myself, I put the judgment of my heart herein to you and other noblemen that have and can try faithful hearts. At this day my Lord of Lennox and I do sail towards Scotland, God send us well to speed, and to your lordship health and encrease of ho- nour, praying your good lordship to give further credence to this bearer, my servant, and thus Almighty God grant unto you, mine own good lord, your noble heart's desire. From the King's Ma- jesty's haven of Skerries, the 15th of November, 1545." In the parliament of the second year of Elizabeth, Thomas Fitz Williams of Holmpatrick was one of the knights of the shire representing this county, the celebrated Chief Baron Finglas of Westpalstown, who was his father-in-law, being the other. In 1575 a great plague having broken out in Dublin, the Lord Deputy Sidney landed at Skerries, and was sworn and kept his court at Drogheda. In 1578 Sir Thomas Fitz Williams of Baggotrath and Merrion, had a grant of the monastery of Holmpatrick with its possessions therein fully detailed, including eight cottages, 131a. arable, 12a. meadow, 18a. pasture and furze, and the custom of the said cot- tages in the town of Holmpatrick, being the demesne-lands of said priory, one water-mill with the appurtenances, and one wind- mill upon the hill called Chanon hill, four islands by the haven of Skerries, other premises at Skerries as before enumerated, certain premises in the hamlet of Barnegarragh, one messuage, two cot- 2 G 450 COUNTY OF DUBLIN, tages, 115 acres, and the custom of the farmers of said messuage, and cottages in the town or hamlet of Cogbragh (Cabragh) ; one messuage, sixty acres arable, three stangs of meadow, and the cus- toms of the farmers of said messuages and cottages, in the town of New Grange; two messuages, six cottages, 144 acres of land, and the customs of the farmers of said messuages and cottages, in the town of Milwardeston ; one messuage, one cottage, sixty-two acres of land and similar customs, in the town or hamlet of Lanie ; one castle, one messuage, three cottages, 135 acres, and similar cus- toms, in the town or hamlet of Hacketstown ; four tenements with their gardens, and eight acres of land in Swords, certain premises in Piercystown, Dallabrocan, Hamestown, Balruddery, Mallahonie, and Thurleston, besides certain lands and tithes in the county of Meath, also the rectory and church of Holmpatrick, with all tithes and profits thereto belonging, and also the custom and poundage of all wares and merchandise on the quay of Skerries, wrecks of the sea, flotsam, jetsam, waifs, strays, goods left and forsaken, profits and commodities happening on the premises or being parcel thereof, also all customs of the tithe fish, keelage, wreckage, an- chorage, and all other emoluments, &c, to said quay or creek appertaining, the customs of the farmers of the messuages and cottages in the town or village of Skerries, and the fields of the same, &c; immediately after which a castle was erected and a gar- rison established here. In 1614 Sir Charles Wilmot had a grant of the site and cir- cuit of this priory, with all the gardens and orchards thereof con- taining three acres, and of a crown rent reserved thereout. Sir James Fullerton became subsequently seised of the rectory and tithes, as also of the lordship and manor of Holmpatrick, which he sold in 1608 to Donogh Earl of Thomond,* who thereupon passed patent for the same. The regal visitation of 1615 accordingly reports the rectory of Holmpatrick as impropriate in that noble- man, that the vicar of Balrothery was curate, and that the church and chancel were in good repair. For a notice of Skerries in 1641, see at " Bremore." " In 1668," (it should be 1669,) says Harris in his History of * Rot. in Cane. Hib. SKERRIES. 451 William the Third, " Peter Talbot, titular Archbishop of Dublin, landed at Skerries, and, being hospitably entertained by Captain Coddington that night, did upon his departure the next morning take him aside, and with the most affectionate expressions of kind- ness ask what title he had to that estate, for that he observed he had expended considerably upon the improvement of it : Codding- ton answered, that it was an old estate belonging to the Earl of Thomond: Talbot told him that title was worth nothing, that it belonged to the church and would be all taken away, and, there- fore, advised him to expend no more upon it, but rather to make the most of it and then desert it, which advice was pressed upon him with strong injunctions of secrecy." In March, 1675, the Earl of Essex wrote to Secretary Coven- try : " This packet brought us in the sad news of the loss of his Majesty's yacht in its voyage to Chester, being split upon a little rock called the Skerries. It was very full of passengers and many men of quality; my Lord of Meath is said to be lost, and his son my Lord Brabazon supposed to be so too ; my Lord of Ardglass, with several others, saved themselves upon the rock, where they were a day and a night before any vessel arrived to relieve them. We hear that the captain and most of his seamen are drowned." For a notice of Holmpatrick in 1697, see at " Lusk." In 1721 the Hamiltons of Hacketstown became seised of this manor and rectory by purchase from the Earl of Thomond, and of the town and port of Skerries, and the four islands, parcels of Holmpatrick, and the customs of fish, and the customs of 3s. 4d. out of every great ship that comes out of France, Spain, and Scotland, and four pence out of every such ship coming out of England, &c. This sale was decreed by the Court of Chancery on suit instituted, and subsequently confirmed by the House of Lords. In 1755 the Irish parliament granted £2000 for the construc- tion of the pier, and in 1767, £1500 more for the same purpose. It subsequently fell into decay, but was repaired and somewhat extended by Hans Hamilton, the father of the present proprietor. The round form of the head is objected to as permitting the sea to tumble in along the pier, an error which might be easily, and at a small expense, corrected by a jetty. In 1788 a patent was 2 G 2 452 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. granted for two yearly fairs and a weekly market to be held here, subject to a certain crown rent, which, together with the chief rent of the manor, was recently purchased by his descendant. On the sandy shores and fields here the botanist will find, arenaria peploides, sea sandwort ; cerastium semidecandrum, little mouse-ear chickweed ; glau- cium luteum, yellow horned poppy ; nepeta cataria, catmint; leonurus cardiaca, motherwort; cakile ma- ritima, sea-rocket ; sinapis alba, white mustard ; raphanus raphanistrum, wild radish ; anthyllis vul- neraria, kidney-vetch, recommended as an excellent pasturage for sheep ; carex arenaria, sea-sedge, flow- ering in July ; lithospermum maritimum, sea grom- well. — Between the rocks, conferva setacea, bristly conferva, which is said to yield a fine lake-coloured fluid on being macerated for a short time in fresh water ; and on the coast between Skerries and Bal- briggan, que weather- stains, which time only can shed over the works of man. A small lake formed here, and for which there is every facility, without much loss of good ground, would make this a truly enchanting scene. The river that waters the ^leu. enters the sea at Knockingen, working several mills in its course, while NAU lm 45.3 the caves alluded to are said to have been formerly the receptacle of plunderers and robbers, who retreated here, and were protected by the castle. One of these, called in the Irish Shaun Kittoch, or Left-handed Jack, was famed for manv daring depredations. Pie long eluded the pursuit of justice, but having been at length taken, with an Amazonian female, the intrepid companion of all his exploits, both paid the debt due to the injured laws of their country. In the glen is a spa, that Doctor Rutty notices as a comparatively pure chalybeate, of a modern degree of strength, to obtain the benefit of which in perfec- tion it is necessary to resort to the fountain. M It seems worthy of notice," he adds, " that the glyn, in which this spring is found, abounds with a rotten Irish slate, which is of the mildest kind, or of the least de- gree of acidity, I have observed, being of a very mildly acid, and sweet, austere, or vitriolic taste, and water poured hot upon it, acquired a strong sulphu- reous smell, and it struck partly purple and partly blue with galls, the characteristic of martial vitriol. I moreover observed a rock of this slate to yield a nitrous efflorescence, as do likewise several stones of the like kind in the neighbouring country, which also by decoction yield a calcareous nitre."* Lieutenant Archer, in his survey of this county, says, he observed near this crops of different veins of coal, as also line yellow ochre. The old castle of the Xaul is a square building * Ratty'a Mineral Waters, p. 364. 486 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. on an eminence, that projects into the glen, and com- mands its whole extent, upwards and downwards. A flight of winding steps leads to its summit. The re- mains of Snowton Castle, on the opposite side of the stream, are now insignificant. It formerly belonged to the Caddells. The village comprises about fifty cottages. It has a plain church, adjoining which is a chauntry, now unroofed, with a slab over the doorway, stating its appropriation for the remains of the Hon. Colonel Hussey, of Westown, and his lady, Mable Hussey, otherwise Barnewall, 1710. There is also a Roman Catholic church here of the T form ; the Catholic union comprising with Naul, Damastown, or Holly- wood, Ballyboghill, Grallagh, and Westpalstown. The National Board have likewise erected male and female schools here, at an expense of £138, and allow £20 per annum for their support. The parish comprises 2627a. 2r. 21p., in thirteen townlands ; and its population was returned in 1831 as 758 persons, of whom 744 were Roman Catholics. The Poor Inquiry of 1835 calculated that there were 118 labourers here, of whom seventy-three were per- manently employed, forty-one occasionally, and four almost always unemployed. In the Protestant arrange- ment, the rectory being impropriate in Mr. Pollard, this parish ranks as a vicarage, united with those of Hollywood and Grallagh ; the church of the union being in this parish, and the patronage in the Marquis of Drogheda. The proprietors in this parish are Mr. Hussey, Mr. Tennison, and Mrs. Bunbury. NAUL. 487 Acreable rent varies from £1 10s. to £2 5s., while a cabin, without land, is let at from £l 10s. to £2 per annum. So early as the reign of King John, the original castle is thought to have been erected here, by Stephen de Crues, then proprietor of the Naul. It would rather appear, however, that this estate was not acquired by that family until the close of the thirteenth, or the beginning of the fourteenth century, when one of them, intermarrying with the heiress of Simon de Genevillc, in her right obtained the manor. The church was about the same time united to the priory of Lanthony near Gloucester. See " Garristown," ad ann. 1200. In the beginning of the fourteenth century, the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem was seised of a messuage and two carucates of. land herein.* In the hostings during the reigns of Henry the Eighth and Elizabeth, " Caddell of the Naul" (he was settled at Haggards- town in this parish) did service with two armed horsemen, while Walter Cruise was more expressly summoned in right of the Naul and Grallagh. In 1605 Christopher Cruise was seised in fee of the Naul, Leighlinstown, Leniston, Flackston, and Loughmean, one castle and 500 acres,f and, by inquisition of 1611, the abbey of Duleek was found seised of (inter alia) the rectory of Naul, containing Naul, Jamestown, Weston of the Naul, Rathaggardston, Rey- noldston, and Dowlagh, and the tithes thereof, all which were granted to Lord Moore by patent of 17 James I., and confirmed by another patent of the 15 Chas. I. In 1641 the castle, &c. of the Naul were forfeited by Christo- pher Cruise, Esq., as was Haggardstown, before mentioned, by John Caddell ; and in 1666 James Duke of York passed patent for 500a. plantation measure here, which were, on his attainder, granted in 1703 to William Barton of Thomastown in the county of Louth. The manor subsequently passed to the Bellew family, and from them by marriage to that of Hussey. Rot. Claus. Edw. 111. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 438 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1697 the Rev. Owen Smyth was parish priest of Naul, Hollywood, Westpalstown, and Ballyboghill. In 1700 John Usher, as executor of Sir Thomas Newcomen, claimed and was allowed before the court at Chichester house, a leasehold interest in the lands of Naul, little Rath, &c. Immediately adjacent to the village is Westown House, formerly a seat of the Bellew family, now the residence of Anthony Strong Hussey, Esq., one of the deputy lieutenants for the county of Meath. It is a handsome seat, overlooking the glen and all the beauties of the adjacent country. In reference to the subject of botany, some banks here present the geranium lucidum, shining crane's- bill. While on the road sides between this and Bre- more are found cheleclonhim majus, celandine, con- taining a gold coloured juice of some medical virtues, also the pyretlirum Parthenium, common feverfew. The direct way from Naul to Hollywood leaves the hill of Knockbrack on the south ; the traveller, however, who takes the road that goes over this height, will be w r ell rewarded by the magnificent ex- tent of mountain, plain, and water which it affords, ex- hibiting, in a noble panorama, Slieve Gullion in the county of Armagh, Mourne mountains in the county of Down, the Hill of Carlingford and Clogher Head in the county of Louth, Gormanston Castle peering from the intervening wooded plain, Balbriggan whiten- ing the shore, the fine semicircular perspective of sea, dotted by the villages of Rush, Dunabate, Portrane, Malahide, Beldoyle, the islands of Lambay and Ire- land's Eye, with the promontory of Howth ; while HOLLYWOOD. 489 to the south the plains of Meath, Kildare, and Dub- lin, are seen spreading to the foot of a fine termina- tion of mountains, between which Kingstown and the metropolis can be discerned, and, amidst the landscape, the silvery line of Dublin Bay shooting far into .the interior. It is not to be forgotten, that this hill is reputed to abound with most excellent coals. HOLLYWOOD, the next locality on this route, was an ancient manor of the family who thence derived their name, and extended over the lands of Hollywood, Kinawde, Brownstown, Newtown, Ballyrichard, Damastown, &c. The hill particularly called Hollywood, commands a prospect more limited at northward than that seen from Knockbrack, but at southward equally extensive. The little village is on the descent of the latter side, and presents the ruins of another of the Fingal spe- cies of triple-arched belfry churches, with nave and chancel, the former sixteen yards long by six wide. The windows and doorways of this edifice are round arched. There are no tombs worthy of notice in either the church or churchyard, and both are thickly filled with thorns. There is a quarry immediately adjacent, which supplies lime, building, and rotten stone. The parish bears the same name, and extends over 4789a. 3r. 5p., comprised in fifteen townlands, the chief proprietors being Lord Howth, Sir Comp- ton Domville, Sir Thomas Staples, &c. Its popular 490 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tion was returned in 1831 as 1022 persons, of whom 1005 were Roman Catholics. Rent varies from one guinea to thirty-seven shillings per acre annually, wages being one shilling per day. In the Protestant arrangement, the rectory being impropriate in the Marquis of Drogheda, the parish ranks as but a vicarage, episcopally united from time immemorial with those of Naul and Grallagh, all in the deanery of Garristown, and gift of the aforesaid Marquis. There are five acres and a half of glebe annexed, and the income of the union is augmented by £31 per annum from Primate Boulter's fund. In the Catholic dispensation this parish is in the union of Naul. The church here was from a very early period appropriated to the canons of Lanthony near Gloucester. In 1206 King John directed a reference to ascertain whether Hollywood, then the fee of Geoffrey de Marisco, had been ob- tained on an exchange by the Archbishop of Dublin.* In 1230 flourished John de Hollywood, a famous philosopher and mathematician, and so called from having been born here. " In his springing years," says Hanmer, " he sucked the sweet milk of good learning in the famous university of Oxford, after- wards he went to Paris, where he professed the learned sciences with singular commendations, and there slumbereth in the dust of the earth, whose exequies and funerals were there with great la- mentations solemnized." He wrote four books. respectively treating 'De Spheera Mundi,' ' De Algarismo,' ' De Anni Ratione sive de computo ecclesiastico,' and 4 Breviarium Juris.' The first of these works has been commented upon by many learned men, and par- ticularly by Christopher Clavius. He died at Paris as before mentioned, and was buried there in the cloisters of the convent of * Lit. Pat. in Turr. Lond. HOLLYWOOD. 491 St. Maturine, otherwise called the convent of the Holy Trinity for the redempton of captives ; a sphere is engraved upon his tomb.* For a notice of Hollywood and its dependant chapelry of Grallagh, in this century, see at " Clonmethan." About the year 1302 " there arose a great controversy in law between Richard de Feringes, Archbishop of Dublin, and the Lord Edmund Butler, touching the manor of Hollywood in Fingal, with the appurtenances, which manor the Lord Butler recovered by an arbitrament or composition taken between them in the King's Bench at Dublin."f In 1310 Roger de Sacro Bosco (Hollywood) was summoned to attend the parliament of Kilkenny, and in 1334 Henry Holly- wood, a Dominican friar, was directed to parley with O'Conor, Prince of the Irish of Connaught, and to receive for his expenses and services forty shillings. In 1355 Robert Hollywood was Chief Remembrancer of the Exchequer. In 1361 Robert de Hollywood, a member of this fa- mily, was one of those gentlemen, "the worthiest then in chivalry," who were knighted by Lionel Duke of Clarence. In 1373 he had a grant of £40 for his services in the wars in the counties of Kil- kenny and Carlow, and in 1377 was required to march with his retinue against the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles. In 1401 Christopher Hollywood was one of those empowered by the king to hold con- vocations of the prelates, magnates, &c, to record their proceed- ings and to assess the state subsidies voted by them. For notices in 14 16 and 1420, see at « Artane." In 1422 the Hollywood family were on inquisition found seised of various lands in Hollywood, Brownstown, Cloghran, &c.{ The former denomination being charged with a certain chief rent to the priory of the Holy Trinity of Lismullen, in the county of Meath. The same family had also the patronage of the vicarage of Hollywood, until by the marriage of the heiress of Sir Robert Hollywood with Robert Burnell of Balgriffin, it passed to the latter family. * Ware's Writers, p. 73. \ Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Holinshed. 492 COUNTY OF DLBLIV. Tn 1539 the Rectory here was taxed to the First Fruits at £4 14?. and the vicarage at £'2 13s. 4d. Irish. A rental of the sixteenth century states that the Priory of Kiknainham was seised of (inter alia) seven acres in the mountain of Hollywood, as also of a chief rent out of Hollywoodrath, while the rectory of Hollywood, containing Hollywood, Brownstown, Xewtown, and Damestown were found to appertain to the Abbey of Duleek. About the year 1560 Christopher Hollywood, was born here, entered into the Society of Jesuits in France when he was about twenty-two years of age, studied philosophy and divinity at Pont a Mousson in Lorrain, and afterwards read lectures of divinity at Padua in Italy, where he took the fourth vow. At length he was sent a missionary into Ireland, and appointed to govern those of his own society. In his journey he was arrested in England and for a time imprisoned, but, obtaining his liberty, he came into Ireland, where he presided over the Jesuits twenty-three years, to the time of his death which happened in 1626. He wrote 4i Defensio decreti Tridentini et sententia? Bea'armim," and also " Libellus de investiganda vera ac invisibili Eeclesia/' kc. In 1610 the kin? granted to Thomas Hibbolts and William Crowe all the crown estates in the town and fields of Hollywood, &c. At the same period Viscount Moore was seised of the rec- tory and tithes, for which he took out more effectual patents in 1618 and 1640, while the Hollywood family were seised of the manor, twenty messuages, and 760 acres.* The regal visitation of 1615 accordingly states that this church was impropriate, add- ing that the vicarage was worth £20, and that Edward Corbet was vicar. For a notice in 1617 see at u Crumlin." In 1627 Nicholas Hollywood was seised of the manor of Ar- tane, one castle, six messuages, and 180a., Killeigh 52a.. Much Hollywood, Little Hollywood: Kinaude, Brownston, Napton, and Damaston twenty messuages and 760a., being parcel of the manor of Hollywood, and which he held of the king in capite by knight's service. At the Court of Claims consequent upon the forfeitures of 1641, John Hollywood established his right to an estate in tail * Inriuis. in Cane. Hib. GRALLAGH. 4Q3 male in the lands of Great Hollywood and other lands in this county, with remainder to the crown on failure of his issue male. This remainder was afterwards granted to Lord Granard and took effect. See ante at " Artane." For notices of Hollywood in 1680 see at <{ Artane;" and in 1697 at the " Naul." From Hollywood a road leads by Damastown, a townland on which is the Roman Catholic chapel of the parish, and over the hill of Mullahow into GRALLAGH, where are the ruins of a church, which had been dedicated to St. Maccallin an Irishman of the tenth century, who took upon him the habit of a Benedic- tine monk at Gorzea in the diocese of Metz, and became Abbot of Walciodorus, now Vassor, near the Meuse. He subsequently retired to the church of St. Michael on the frontiers of Hainault, in the dio- cese of Laon, where he died in the year 9 73 on the 21st of January, at which day the Bollandists treat of him, and there is also an account of him in the Acta Benedict. Sec. v. p. 548. The churchyard here is large, having in it an arched well, dedicated to the same saint, and overhung by a fine elder tree. The rectory of Grallagh being impropriate in Mr. William Dutton Pollard, the parish ranks as but a vicarage united with those of Hollywood and Naul, and in the gift of the Marquis of Drogheda. In the Catholic dispensation it is in the Union of Naul. Its 494 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. population was stated in 1821 as 196 persons, in- creased in 1831 to 236, of whom 205 were Roman Catholics. The chapelry of Grallagh was from a very early period depen- dant on Hollywood, and with it appropriated to the canons of Lanthony near Gloucester, see at " Clonmethan ;" while the manor was from an almost equally remote time the property of the Cruise family. In 1393 Teigue O'Byrne granted six messuages and sixty acres of land of great measure, with their appurtenances, in the townland of Mullahow in this parish, to its then rector and his successors to pray for the soul of the said O'Byrne.* Of the Netterville possessions here in 1561, in right of the dissolved priory of St. John the Baptist, see at " Luttrelstown." In 1 602 Sir George Carew, Vice-Chamberlain to the Queen, had a grant of five acres in Grallagh and five in Brownstown, part of the estate of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, which had been leased in 1584 to Nicholas Aylmer. In 1605 Christopher Cruise, the representative of the old proprietors, was found seised of Grallagh six messuages and 485a., which he held of the king in capite by knight's service. He was also seised of this manor as also of those of the Naul and Cruisetown. An inquisition of 1612 finds the Abbey of Duleek seised of the chapel of Grallagh, containing Grallagh, Curragh, and Mul- laghow, which, together with the tithes of Grallagh, were, with the other possessions of Duleek, appropriated to Viscount Moore, and letters patent including them were passed to him in 1618 and 1640. In the war of 1641 the above-mentioned Christopher Cruise, having forfeited all his possessions here, they were thereupon granted to Charles Viscount Fitz Harding who died seised thereof in 1672. Proceeding from Grallagh over Shamrogue hill, and by the village of Baldwinstown, the road ascends the height on whose summit is the village of * Inquis. 19 Eliz. GARRISTOWN. 495 GARRISTOWN, with the conspicuous landmarks of its church steeple and windmill, while on the right the eye commands the now cultivated lowlands, once termed the bogs and commons of Garristown, comprising about 400a. in this county, and as many more in that of Meath. The church here was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It is a small, plain edifice, presenting at the left side of the communion table a mural monument, of black and white marble, to the memory of Robert Alexander, who died in 1 827? aged eighty years. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £61 13s, 7d. for the repairs of this structure. In a cordiality of Christian charity the Roman Catholic chapel, a cruciform, roomy structure, is so approxi- mated to this, that one common gateway may be said to lead to each. There is a daily school here, to which the Na- tional Board allows £,18 per annum, the number of its pupils having been reported as 264, and at the far- ther end of the town is an extensive flour windmill, on the highest pinnacle of the hill. Garristown gives its name to the deanery and pa- rish in which it is situated. The latter, the rectory being impropriate, ranks as a single vicarage, and extends over 5345a. 1r. 19p. There is a glebe- house, with about 32a. of glebe, not far from the church. The population of the parish was re- ported in 1831 as 2083 persons, of whom, according to a recent return, only fifteen were Protestants. — The Poor Inquiry Report of 1835 classes the la- 496 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". bourers as 195, of whom it states forty-five to be per- manently employed, 140 occasionally, and ten almost always unemployed. The Catholic union comprises Garristown and Bally madun. As before mentioned, there is scarcely any bog or commonage remaining here, that which was such now waves with the har- vests consequent upon individual appropriation, and lets for about £l 5s. per acre, while the ancient ara- ble brings about two guineas per annum. The pro- prietors in this parish are Mr. Alexander, lord of the manor, Lord Langford, Mr. Pollard, Lord Gormans- ton, and Sir William Somerville. Garristown and its vicinity was, according to bardic history, the scene of that celebrated battle between the Fians and the native Irish princes, in which Oscar, one of Ossian's well known heroes, was slain. The cause of the battle, as assigned in the Cath Gabhra preserved in Dublin College, was not a private quar- rel between Cairbre and Oscar, as represented by the bard, but the resentment of Cairbre and the Irish princes in general for the improper conduct of the Fians, which latter account is confirmed by the following extract from the Book of Howth. "In Ireland there were soldiers called Fin- Erin, appointed to keep the sea coasts, fearing foreign invasion. The names of these soldiers w r ere Fin-mac-Cuil, Collullen, Keilte, Oscar Mac Os- seyn, Dermot O'Doyn, Collemagh Morne, and divers others These soldiers waxed bold, as shall appear hereafter at length, and so strong that they did contrary to the orders and instructions taken by the kings of Ireland, their chiefs and governors, and be- came very strong, and at length would do more things than them- selves without license of the kings of the land. Part of their mis- demeanors was that they charged all the commons of Ireland that they should not hunt without their special license, and if they did they should pay after their value, for a hare's killing twenty-pence, for a water dog double that, and so after that, doubling still as the game was, as the fox, the wolf, the deer, and all other pastimes. BALSCADDEN. 497 " Such disorders they kept, that the kings did assemble toge- ther, that they would banish them the kingdom, and so sent them word, who made answer that they would not unless they were put out by battle. And so these soldiers sent to Denmark for their king's son, who came with a thousand tall, worthy soldiers, as ever crossed the seas before that time to Ireland. And so the day of battle was appointed, at which time all the kings of Ire- land did prepare against that day. The strangers thought them- selves so apt for battle, they made haste to come to fight, and came to Ardrath against the kings, who made haste also, and came to Garristown, and they, perceiving their enemies so nigh, embat- tled themselves there, and after kissed the ground, and gave a great cry as their manner was, of which cry that name was given, Bally- garra, (i. e. Garra'stown.) The issue was, all the foreigners were slain sav ing one, called Ossein, who was alive till St. Patrick's com- ing, who told that holy man of all their doings," &c. About the year 1200 John Archbishop of Dublin granted to the prior and house of Lanthony, the church of Garristown, with the chapel of Richard Chambers's land, and the church of St. Ne- more, with the chapel of Greenock and the church of Stephen de Crues, (" the Naul"), and the church of Ballymadun, and the church of the town of Ralph Paslewe. The Prior of Lanthony, however, not wishing to draw the full profits of this gift, demised all the premises in the time of Archbishop de Loundres, only re- serving to his house an annuity of twelve marks of silver,* and the church was subsequently appropriated to the priory of St. John of Jerusalem.")" For a notice of the commons in 1205 see " Balrothery." In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the manor was the property of the D' Arcy family, from whom it passed to the Talbots. In 1410 Thomas Corre, Vicar of Garristown, had leave to absent himself for five years from his benefice, for the purpose of studying at Oxford. For a further record connected with the commons in this year see " Balrotherv." In 1416 the Segrave family had a small part of Garristown, * Liber Niger. t Repert. Viride. 2 K 498 COUNTY OF DUBLIN, which they preserved until the forfeitures in 1641. At the host- ing of 1532 Thomas Talbot was summoned to do military service for the manors of Garristown and Malahide. In 1536 the king presented Edward Doyne to this vicarage, which in 1539 was taxed to the First Fruits at £7 lis. 2d. Irish. In 1540 the Prior of Kilmainham granted to Patrick Barnewall of Fieldstown, the church and parsonage of Garristown, with the tithes of corn and hay thereunto belonging, for eighty-eight years, at the annual rent of £6 13s. Ad. Irish. The Religious House of Kilmainham was also seised of certain lands in this parish. In 1542 the king presented Richard Duffe to the parish church of Garristown, vacant by the death of Simon Geoffrey.* In 1607 Sir John Talbot of Malahide was found seised in fee of one stone house and certain adjoining structures here, called the College of Garristown, a windmill on the mountain of Hol- trass, a waste mill called Mollinbadder, a horse mill in Garristown, as also of several houses and about 326 acres of land in the town of Garristown ; with certain premises in Baldwinstown, Adams- town, Tobbergragan, and Newtown near Garristown, being all parcels of the manor of Garristown, and as such held of Robert Barnewall of Dunbroe as of that manor by fealty and suit of court, said Robert being seised thereof to the use of Richard Talbot of Malahide. It is to be remarked that the inquisition adds, that " the said lands and tenements have continued in the quiet possession of said Sir John Talbot, and those whose estate he hath, ever sithence the twenty-fourth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth, and do descend according to the course of common law, and not according to the Irish custom of tanistry." The regal visitation of 1615 returned this church as in good order, the rectory impropriate, the vicarage worth twenty marks, and Terence Evers Vicar. In 1616 Sir Patrick Barnewall passed patent for the rectory and rectorial tithes of corn of the parish church, together with the glebe lands thereto belonging, parcel of the possessions of the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem. In 1666 a part of Garristown, with the commons and other * Rot. Pat. in Cane Hib. BALLYMADUN. 499 appurtenances, were decreed to John Talbot, Esq. of Malahide in fee, while in the same year James Duke of York passed patent for twenty acres plantation measure therein; and Alexander Staples, Esq. had a grant of part of Garristown, 1006a. statute measure, to hold (saving certain rights decreed to Richard Talbot) for ninety- nine years, from 1658, at the annual rent of £12 13s. 8c?. This latter tract the Commissioners of Crown Lands state, as over held with adverse possessions since 1757. In 1697 the Rev. Robert Taylor was returned as the parish Priest of Garristown and of Ballymadun. By virtue of an act of parliament passed in 1803, the commons, commonable lands, and waste grounds here were enclosed, their contents being stated in the act as 1190a. Leaving Garristown, a pretty little farm house of Mr. Rooney is seen on the townland of Tobber- gragan, formerly part of the estate of the Talbot family, and so denominated from a remarkable fine well which it enjoys. A dreary road leads hence to the ancient manor of BALLYMADUN, where may be seen the ruins of a church which had been dedicated to All Saints. One side of the build- ing is perfect and thickly enveloped with ivy. Here was also the cell of an anchor itess. In the village is also a small rectangular Roman Catholic chapel. The parish bears the same name, and comprises 3438a. 2r. 2p. in nine townlands. Its rectory being impropriate in the Gormanston family, it ranks as a vicarage embodied in the union of Clonmethan. In it are 19a. 2r. of glebe. In the Catholic arrange- ment it is united with Garristown. The population 2 k 2 500 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. was in 1821 returned as 601 persons; increased in the census of 1831 to 795, all of whom were Roman Catholics. The principal proprietors are Colonel Tenison, Captain Savage, Mr. Curtis of Nutstown, Mr. O'Reilly, &c. The yearly rents vary from one to two guineas per acre ; wages of labour from ten pence to a shilling per day. About the year 1184 John Earl of Morton gave certain lands in Ballymadun to Elias le Cordewaner,* from whom the subdeno- mination of Cordwainstown derives its name. In 1200 Sir John de Courcy gave a moiety of the lands of " Ballymadunan" to Christ's Church Dublin. For a notice of the church about the same time see ante at " Garristown." About the year 1220 Archbishop de Loundres annexed the parish church of Ballymadun, with the chapelry belonging thereto, to the nunnery of Grace Dieu, in recompence for the parish church of St. Audeon, Dublin, which that establishment had previously held hy grant from Archbishop Comyn, on which occasion the Prioress of Grace Dieu was bound to pay certain chief rents to the anchoritess here. In 1237 Ralph de Turberville had a grant in fee from the crown of the manor of Ballymadun, at the annual rent of one pair of gilt spurs. It is remarkable that the sheriff of Dublin, having upon this occasion demanded 100 shillings as his fee, for delivering possession of said manor, his majesty forbade the exaction, on the ground that it was not the custom of England for any sheriff to demand more than one ox for giving seisin of lands, and this de Turberville had paid.f In 1318 the king granted to Thomas de Hereford and his heirs, all the lands which had belonged to John de Kermardyn in Nutstown, Ballymadun, Lieutenant Armstrong in 1789? Colonel Colville died in 1747, General Bettesvvorth, Joseph Hudson, Adjutant of the Royal Military School, who died in 1820, &c. Near the church is an almost equally ruinous Ro- man Catholic chapel; and at the bridge a good school- house, attended by about eighty boys and fifty-eight girls. It is in connexion with the National Board, which gave £120 towards its erection, £30 for its outfit, and allows £16 annually for its maintenance. There is also a parochial school here, supported by private contributions, and the produce of charity ser- mons in the church. It is attended by about twenty- five girls and fifteen boys. This town has, likewise, the advantage of having a noble linen factory, esta- blished by Mr. Crosthwaite, and which, by the best attainable information, gives employment to from 400 to 500 manufacturing labourers ; even children of twelve years of age can earn from 2s. 6d. to 3s. 9d. weekly in its works. In a quarry near the town is a vein of pale brown stone eighteen to twenty inches in thickness, which is found useful in polishing silver and brass. Coal has been likewise supposed to abound in this neigh- bourhood, but all attempts to work it have hitherto failed, possibly from the defect of machinery and want of capital. There are, also, two mineral springs ad- jacent. CHAPE LIZOD. 543 The parish, in which the chief part of Chapelizod is situated, bears the same name ; a portion, however, beyond the river is in that of Palmerstown, and in the barony of Newcastle. It has been united from a remote period with the curacies of Palmerstown and Ballyfermot, all in the deanery of Leixlip, and in the gift of the Archbishop of Dublin. In the Catholic arrangement it is in the union of Blanchardstown or Castleknock. It comprises 532a. 2r. 35p. in three townlands; half of this tract is included in the Phoenix Park; and Lord Palmerston is the chief proprietor of the remainder. The name of Chapelizod is certainly very ancient, but, how- ever delightful it would be to link a locality with the Hercules of the Britons, the hero of the Fairie Queen, the warlike Arthur, " Whose most renowned acts shall sounded be as long, As Britain's name is known, which spread themselves so wide As scarcely hath for fame left any room beside." Yet, in these searching days, it were presumptuous to draw upon the reader's credulity so far as to detail here the romantic story of King Arthur's round table and " la belle Isode," the catas- trophe of which would, in accordance with the Book of Howth, suggest the derivation of this place from the founding of fair Isod's chapel in the village in the year 519. They, who are interested in the inquiry, will find " confirmation strong" in the notes to Sir Tristram. In 989 Brian Boroihme had his quarters near this on the me- morable occasion, when he is recorded to have so effectively debarred the besieged citizens of Dublin from even the supplies of nature, that they were reduced to salt water for their only drink. At length in their grievous necessities they agreed to pay to the king, in addition to their ordinary tributes, an ounce of 544 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. gold from every chief dwelling-house in Dublin, to be paid yearly on every Christmas night.* Soon after the English invasion, Hugh de Lacy bestowed the lands of Chapelizod upon Hugh Tyrrel, which grant was after- wards confirmed by Henry the Second. Immediately on the establishment of the splendid hospital of Knights Templars at Kilmainham, the Tyrrel family granted Chapelizod to them with all liberties in wood, meadow, pasture, water, mills, fisheries, Sec, and free from all secular exactions. About the year 1200, Richard de la Field had a grant from King John of the lands of Chapelizod and Killsallaghan, which are recognised as the estate of his son Nicholas in 1224, during whose minority Thomas Fitz Adelm held these lands, rendering to the king 100 shillings annually at the Exchequer of Dublin.f In 1228 the King granted the advowson of this church to the Prior of Kilmainham. In 1268, as appears by a plea roll, the Bishop of Meath ac- counted in the Exchequer for £17 6s. Sd., the rent of this manor, with mills, fisheries, pleas, &c. In 1308 the Prior of Kilmainham sued Richard Tyrrel for Chapelizod and five carucates of land in Kilmainham, as having been granted to the Priory by Hugh Tyrrel, the ancestor of Richard, and having established his right thereto, Richard was obliged to confirm the donation. In the following year, all the rights of the Templars here having, on the suppression of that order, vested in the crown, the king committed the same to the Prior of the Hospitallers, their successors at Kilmainham, to hold for fourteen years at the annual rent of thirty-five marks. For a notice in 1309, see at " Kilmainham." In 1316 sundry questions were tried at law relative to the right of common of pasture, to which the tenants of Chapelizod claimed to be entitled on the king's demesnes, and in 1318 the king confirmed the title of friar Utlaugh and his successors for ever in the manor, weirs, fishery, &c. of Chapelizod, subject to the * Annals of Tigernach. t Rot. Claus. in Turr. Lond. CHAPELIZOD. 545 annual rent of forty marks, saving the right of presentation, sub- sequent to which occur various grants of annuities from the crown to Sir T. Barnewall, Thomas Talbot, Laurence Merbury, Walter de la Hoyde, &c. charged upon this fee farm rent. In 1388 the family of de la Field, being still possessed of va- rious lands and houses here, granted them to the vicar and his successors for ever. These premises lay partly near the church, partly near the mill, and a third part near the common bakehouse of the town. In the Act of Resumption of 1 468 there is a saving to the Prior of Kilmainham of his right in the manors of Chapelizod and Leixlip ; yet it appears that in 1476 the king granted this lord- ship and all rights of presentation, wardships, marriages, reliefs, &c, " as having been vested in him by reason of the Act of Resump- tion," to Sir Thomas Daniel and his heirs male. In 1538 the Prior of Kilmainham demised the great tithes of corn belonging to the church of Chapelizod with the altarages, together with various other tithes and lands at the annual rent of £3 6s. 8cL, and in 1541 it was found on inquisition, that the hos- pital of Kilmainham was possessed of the rectory of Chapelizod, and the chapel of St. Lawrence at Ballyfermot, and the altarages, worth altogether £5 per annum. In 1546 Sir William Wyse of Waterford was seised in tail male of a water-mill, a salmon-weir, and 172 acres in Chapelizod,* which had been granted to him in 1524. In 1580 John Bathe left a ploughland here to support an hospital for four poor men at Balgriffin. In 1596 John White of DufFerin in the county of Down, con- veyed to trustees all his estates in Kilmainham and Chapelizod. In 1603 Sir Oliver Lambert, knight, had a grant of the rectory of Chapelizod with the altarages, and St. Laurence's chapel with the glebes and tithes of the same, &c, and in 1609 the above men- tioned John White died seised of a house, an orchard, and six- teen acres in this town, which his heir afterwards sold to Henry Viscount Valentia and Dame Grizel his wife. * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 2 N 546 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1610 John Bathe had a grant of thirty acres near Chapel- izod, called the ploughland, as had Sir John Davis, then Attorney- General, of certain houses here, " one near the church stile, lately in the occupation of Richard Eustace," and two others with about ten acres of land and certain parks.* In 1615 Sir Henry Power, Knight and Privy Councillor, passed patent, as assignee of Edmund Medhop, for the town and lands of Chapelizod, ten mes- suages, 200 acres, a water-mill and weir, excepting certain premises granted to Sir John Davis in 1611, certain houses and five acres and a half granted to the college in 1597, and excepting all other lands which should escheat to the crown after 1623, said last men- tioned premises being these granted in 1524 to Sir William Wyse. In 1671 Colonel Laurence obtained a grant of several houses, and about fifteen acres of the lands lying around Chapelizod, for a term of forty-one years, at the rent of £42 per annum, of which £30 was to be paid to the incumbent of Chapelizod for the time being, and the remaining £12 to be allocated towards the repair of the King's House at Chapelizod, and keeping up the gardens thereunto belonging. This Colonel Laurence was the author of a well-known pamphlet, published in 1682, and entitled, " The In- terest of Ireland in its Trade and Wealth," and he took the above lease with the laudable design of establishing a manufacture of coarse woollen cloths and friezes, in the neighbourhood of the metropolis ; the exportation of Irish wool having been then re- cently prohibited under the severest penalties. To* effectuate this object, Laurence succeeded in bringing over several families from Brabant, Rochelle, the Isle of Re, &c, for whom convenient lodgings were provided at Chapelizod, and the manufactures of linen, diaper, ticking, sail cloth, and cordage were brought to very great perfection there. In 1675 a grant in fee was made to Sir John Temple, ancestor of the Lords Palmerston, of all the lands belonging to the crown in Chapelizod, not enclosed in the Park, nor included in the de- mise to Laurence, together with the mills and weirs of Chapel- izod, and the privilege of grazing six horses yearly in the Phoenix * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. CHAPELIZOD. 547 Park, as therein declared to have been always enjoyed by the tenant of said mills, at the yearly rent of £30, to be paid to the incumbent of Chapelizod and his successors for ever, and ten shil- lings to the crown. A letter of the 30th of November, 1686, from the Earl of Clarendon to the Earl of Rochester, contains the following inte- resting reference to the present subject : — " I ought, some time since, to have sent to you an account of the buildings at Chapel-Izod, and the repairs about the castle. I now send you an abstract thereof, drawn up by Mr. Robinson, surveyor of his Majesty's buildings in this kingdom, from the 25th of March, 1685, to the 29th of September last, which is from the beginning of the building at Chapelizod. I beg you to procure the king's letter for the payment of the balance, being £626 8s., which is due to several workmen who are poor, and will be cla- morous. I will presume to say that the building at Chapel-Izod is the cheapest that has been erected, and nothing has been laid out but what was of absolute necessity to make it habitable; many things have been done for convenience, and which are fixed to the freehold too, which I thought were not fit for the king to pay for, and, therefore, they are not placed to his account. Possibly, it may be thought the repairs of the castle are very great ; I can only tell you, that, as it is the worst lodging a gentleman ever lay in, so it will cost more to keep it in repair than any other. Never comes a shower of rain but it breaks into the house, so that there is perpetual tiling and glazing, but I do assure you, not so much as a chimney, or any thing done new, upon the king's account. My Lord Tyrconnel was pleased to tell me, in a style something extraordinary, that he wondered I had not laid out a thousand pounds or two to make a good lodging at least, which he would have done. I told him I would never lay out the king's money without his orders. His lordship might do what he pleased when he had it in his power ; I know very well how he discoursed of it abroad, which I will not now mention, and thank God it does me no harm ; I am sure I have not managed ill for the king, which is a great ease to my mind. — God keep you !" In 1690 General Douglas, on his way to Athlone, encamped for one night near Chapelizod, where his party committed various 2 n 2 548 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. outrages, and soon afterwards, King William passed several daj here, on his return from his expedition towards the south, after the battle of the Boyne. During this interval "he was employed," says Leland, " in receiving petitions and redressing grievances, arising from the perpetual violations of his protections." It was on this occasion also he issued a proclamation, " for all the Irish in the country to deliver Up their arms, and those who refused or neglected, to be abandoned to the discretion of the soldiers ;" also, another proclamation for a general fast to be kept every Friday during the war, as a propitiation for the success of his cause. Here likewise that monarch received the gratifying des- patches, informing him that the French fleet had retired from England, satisfied with the destruction of the inconsiderable vil- lage of Tin mouth. In 1696 Lord Capel, Lord Deputy of Ireland, died hero after an illness, during which some interesting meetings of the Irish Council took place here. For a notice in 1097, see " Bally- fermot." In 1700 Sir John and Lady Temple claimed and were allowed a reversion in fee of a term for ninety-nine years in a house and garden here, and in lands lying between Dublin and Island-bridge, as granted to them by letters patent of 1675. In 1726 Primate Boulter, while he filled the office of one of the Lords Justices, repaired the king's house here, and occupied it as his principal dwelling. In 1740 Doctor Stone was consecrated Bishop of Ossory in the church of Chapelizod, by his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, assisted by the Bishops of Meath and Den y, while in 1760 the king's house was converted into a barrack, and in 1832 was sold to Mr. Lawler, together with about, ten acres of ground adjacent. For a notice referrible to the fishery here, see at the " Liffey" in 1786. In 1819 a dispensary was established here for the united parishes. Near the river, in this vicinity, the botanist will find, erysimum alliaria, Jack by the hedge ; convol- vulus major, great bind weed, clambering up the KNOCKMAROOtf. 549 shrubs and overtopping them with its bell flowers ; genista spinosa vulgaris, furze, a good fuel for ovens : the tops being chopped or mixed with straw, or a small proportion of oats, make an excellent fodder for horses, fattening them and killing the bots. The diet, however, heats them at the commencement until they are accustomed to it ; geranium Robertianum, herb Robert ; erigonum vulgar e spontaneum, wild marjoram ; gramen arundinaceum, great reed-grass; centaurea scabiosa, greater knapweed, and the golden ozier ; fceniculum vulgare, common fennel, flowering in July and August. — On the old walls, glyceria rigida, hound's sweet grass ; arenaria serpyllifolia, thyme-leaved sandwort ; sedum reflexum, crooked yellow stone crop ; draba verna, common whitlow grass ; and in the adjacent fields, carum carui, com- mon caraway ; orchis latifolia, broad-leaved marsh orchis ; sinapis nigra, common mustard, &c. On the ascent from Chapelizod to Knockmaroon Hill, the residence of Colonel Colby is seen at left, in a delightful concentration of charming prospects. The entrance to it is from the Phoenix Park, over a bridge thrown across the high road which divides them. KNOCKMAROON, so denominated from the steep hill (Knock) on which is stands, is renowned in the citizen's diary of enjoy- ment, as the commencement of those romantic high banks, that overhang the beautifully wooded scenery of the valley of the Liffey, and which, basking in a 550 COUNTY OF DUBLIN*. southern sunshine, have been successfully adapted to the rearing of strawberries, and the dispensation of that sweet fruit in rustic cottages and woodbine bowers. The shallow, precipitous face of these hills, with such adventitious sources of emolument, is rented at from £8 to £10 per acre ; but, its cultivated ap- pearance and the neatness of the cottages at its foot, practically evince what a small capital and well di- rected industry can effect under the most discouraging circumstances. Some years since, an attempt was made on the south side of this hill to discover coal, and five pits were actually sunk close to each other, all which were filled up again, except one. This has been fathomed and found to be fifty-four feet deep, but filled with water to within twelve feet of the surface of the earth. The spot, injudiciously chosen for this experiment, was in a low valley ; whereas, in coal countries, it is found that in such situations the veins of coal are commonly broken off and thrown out of the regular course. Besides, the search perhaps was too soon abandoned, and the mode of trial not the best or cheapest. If the experiment had been made by an auger, the expense would have been much less, and the results more satisfactory. It is remarkable, that Porter, the reverend Franciscan, in his Annals of Ire- land, describing the county of Dublin, says, " it is so deficient in turf or coal that for the most part fuel is brought thither from England," but he adds, "the more successful diligence of the inhabitants of Carlow has there discovered and brought up quantities of coal.' 7 KNOL'KMAROON. 55 L Doctor Rutty, in his Xatural History of the County of Dublin, amongst its mineral petrifactions, mentions that he found on the side of a bank near Knockma- roon Hill, a kind of rock marie, or a petrifaction resembling an artificial plaster, but harder. It broke white within, effervesced strongly with vinegar, and burned to a lime. The botany of Knockmaroon presents the Htho- spermum officinale, common gromwell ; seneeio vis- coses, fetid groundsel. — On the hill, veronica offiri- nalis, common speedwell ; salvia verhenaca, wild clary; triticum caninum, fibrous-rooted wheat grass, a valuable early spring grass ; alchemilla vulgaris, common lady's mantle; polemonium ccpruleum, blue Jacob's ladder; viola hwta, hairy violet; meum foe- niculum, fennel ; agrimonia eupatoria, agrimony, shooting its long spike of yellow flowers out of the grass; aquilegia vulgaris, columbine ; origanum vul- gare, common marjoram, used by some for a purple dye ; thymus serpyllum, wild thyme ; geranium molle, soft crane's-bill ; poll/ gala vulgaris, a very de- licate species of milkwort, with myrtle-shaped leaves; Iragopogon pratensis, yellow goat's-beard; hieracium pilosella, common mouse-ear hawk weed, whose flowers close early in the afternoon ; poterium sanguisorba, salad burnet ; linum angustifolium, narrow-leaved pale flax. — In the hedges, ballota nigra, black hore- hound ; pier is echioicles, bristly ox-tongue. While on the hills between this and Lucan are found, reseda lutea, yellow base rocket, or wild mignionette : gale- opsis ladanum, red hemp-nettle ; clinojwdium vul- 552 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. go re, wild basil; geranium coJumbinum, long-stalked crane's-bill; crepis biennis, rough bawkVbeard; ear- Una vulgaris, common carline thistle ; a variety of the centaurea seabiosa, greater knapweed, with flesh coloured flowers ; equisetum hyemale, rough horse tail. kc. In a fine valley immediately under the hill is Mardyke. where are dour-mills, in which starch, blue, and mustard are also made ; while opposite on the south side of the Liffey, at Palmerstown, are lead and copper-works. There were also oil, and long esta- blished cotton and dye-wood mills there, but these have been discontinued. On the road hence to Lucan are male and female schools, to which the National Board allows £10 an- nuallv. This line, known bv the name of the lower road, is one of the most enchanting drives that even the vicinity of Dublin affords, winding in parallel irregularity with the Liffey, and introducing the tourist to all the fine villas that overshadow the wa- ters of that river, and all the weirs, and falls, and mills that, although they impede its navigation, increase its loveliness. A certain portion of this scenery is viewed with perhaps even more advantage from a higher terrace, in the continuance of this excursion bv the direct road from Knockmaroon to CASTLE KNOCK, i. e. the castle on the hill, so called from its baronial fortress hereafter mentioned. CASTLE KNOCK. 553 The church was dedicated to St. Brigid, (who was likewise patroness of a cell here.) It is small and built in the Gothic style of architecture, having a steeple with minarets at each angle, but no spire. A grant of £92 45. 5d. has been lately obtained from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, for its repair. — The only monument it contains is to the memory of Captain Tisdall, who died in 1814. In the surround- ing graveyard are tombs to several of the same fami- ly, who came into this country in the last century from Bangor, others to the Dames family, one to Colonel Gore, who died in 1836, to the Rev. David Brickell, curate of the parish, who died in 1811, &c. This was also the burial place of the Warrens of Cor- duff. Near the church is the glebe-house, with se- venteen acres of glebe adjacent, and two more about two miles distant. Eighteen other acres of glebe having been taken into the Phoenix Park, the vicar is allowed £50 per annum by government,* in com- pensation for same. In addition to the school en- dowed by Mr. Crosthwaite, as hereafter mentioned, there are two here, to which the National Board has allowed £10 per annum. Their total number of pu- pils was 160 in 1835. Here is also a dispensary, and a savings' bank was established in 1824. Outside the town are two steep hills or knolls. On the summit of one the grey and massy walls of the castle of the Tyrrels once frowned a formidable defiance to the enemies of that family, but it has long * This allowance was but £18 in 1715. See Lord Somers's Tracts, vol. i. p. 303. 554 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. since participated in the fall of its feudal lords, and the historian would vainly labour to conceive, from the solitary broken tower that occupies its rocky emi- nence, those ambitious halls and porches, ramparts and battlements, that once constituted its ornament and defence. Trees, and shrubs, and moss, and fern shoot up from its double ditches, and assert the empire of nature over its scattered fortifications. On the east side the remains of the entrenchment have given place to an undistinguishable mass of steep earth, but on the west are almost perfect, though mount and foss are now both alike covered with tall trees. From the summit, where the keep had towered, an extensive and beautiful prospect is commanded, enclosing in its scope Howth, the bay, the city, the Wicklow and Dublin mountains, the hills of Athgoe and Lyons, Carton, Mallaghiddart, Dunsink observatory, Castle - knock village and its church, &e. On the day of visiting this scene, a group of the "alumni" of St. Vincent's seminary were more inno- cently commemorating the purposes of the pile, and alternately assailing and defending its height, accord- ing to the ordinances of that ancient sport " the king of the castle." It seemed therefore preferable to de- fer any search for the famed window recorded by Holinshed, where the candle's flame could never be extinguished by the most boisterous state of the ele- ments, and rather to search for the cavern passage that formerly opened at the base of the fortress, or yet more to discover that well, dedicated to St. Brigid, whose waters were efficacious in the relief of human CASTLEKNOCK. 555 diseases, but fatally noxious to all other animals. Both inquiries were, however, alike unsuccessful. Near the castle a vein of lead ore has been found, for the working of which a shaft was opened north-east of the ruins in the year 1/44, and in some of the stones were green spots indicating a mixture of copper. The manor comprised the lands of Whitestown, Huntstown, Tyrrelstown, Redmoreton, Paslocks- town, Damastown, and Pelletstown, &c. The parish (the rectory being impropriate in the economy of St. Patrick's) ranks as a vicarage endowed, to which the curacies of Clonsilla^h and Mallaghiddart were united by act of council in 1773, the union be- ing in the deanery of Finglas and gift of the arch- bishop. Castleknock is also one of the prebends in St. Patrick's Cathedral, of the annual value of £340. In the Catholic arrangement it is likewise united with the above parishes, together with those of Cloghran near Hiddart, and Chapelizod. In this more ex- tended district there are three chapels, at Blanchards- town, Porterstown and Chapelizod respectively. Cas- tleknock parish has been assessed to the ancient sub- sidies and road presentments as comprising 3465 ara- ble acres, old Irish measure, in twenty-two townlands. The population was in 1S31 returned, including that of Blanchardstown, as 4251 persons, of whom 3409 were Roman Catholics. The chief proprietors are Messrs. Martin, Duckett, Farrel, Thompson, and Norton, the representatives of Mr. Locke of Athgoe, Baron de Robeck and Sir Thomas Molyneux. The grange is the property of the corporation of Dublin, 556 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and about 393a. are included in the Phoenix Park. The average acreable rent is £4, the wages of labour from seven to eight shillings per week. Castleknock, previous to the English invasion, is said to have been a royal Danish residence, and the appearance of its noble earthworks much strengthens the tradition. In 1171, on the occasion of the siege of Dublin, Roderic O'Co- nor, with his provincial troops, encamped here, at which time Dub- lin is described by William of Xewburg* to have been the rival of London in its commerce and facilities for mercantile intercourse. About the year 1177 Castleknock was given by Strongbow to his a intrinsic friend" Hugh Tyrrel. a warrior descended from a line of ancestors who were lords of extensive possessions over Normandy, England, Wales, and Ireland, and whose achieve- ments are emblazoned in the annals of each country. Immediately on such his acquisition he founded a castle here and took the title of Baron of Castleknock. and about the year 1184 his heir. Rich- ard Tyrrel, in honour of St. Brigid, gave certain lands to endow an abbey here, for regular canons following the rule of St. Augus- tine. In If? 19 the great tithes of the parish were appropriated by Archbishop de Loundres to the priory of Malvern the lesser, (a convent of Benedictines in Worcestershire.) on condition that they should add five monks to their number within three years. In l'2'2o the prior and monks of that house granted half the tithes of this manor of Castleknock to the uses of the economy of St. Pa- trick's, which grant was confirmed by the archbishop, to whom they likewise renouuced all rijjht to the vicarage, with its small tithes and oblations. A partition of the tithes of the whole parish was accordingly made thereupon, the northern portion having been assigned to the prebendary of Castleknock, and the southern divided between the economy and the monks of Malvern. The latter also resigned to the archbishop six acres of land near their mill on the Avon Liffey, for the use of " the chapel then lately built * Will. Neub. lib. ii c. 6. CASTLEKNOCK. 557 and consecrated by him in the churchyard of Castleknock," and ordered half a mark to be paid yearly by Robert Luttrel to the vicar of said parish. The monks reserved, however, to themselves the lands and tithes conferred on St. Brigid's church,* and also all the tithes of the lands which Robert Blachford held here. Some little time afterwards the priory or cell of Castleknock contested with the canons of St. Patrick's, the right to the tithes of the land lying between the water of the Tolka and the farm of Finglas, alleging that they belonged to this parish. The mat- ter was, however, compromised by the interference of the metro- politan, and with the consent of the priory of little Malvern. For a notice in 1227, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dub- lin." In 1250 the several tithes of Castleknock were valued, the prebendary's at fifty marks and the Prior of Malvern's at forty, while £10 per annumf was allotted to the vicar. In 1288 Hugh Tyrrel was Lord of Castleknock. In 1306 the vicarage was rated to the Tenths at one mark, while its two prebends were taxed at two marks each. In 1310 Richard, the son of Hugh Tyrrel, was seised of this manor. In 1316 Edward Bruce, brother to the Scottish King, en- camped here, on the occasion of that invasion which was suggested by the policy of his brother, who proposed thereby to encourage rebellion in Ireland, and to cause a diversion for the forces of King Edward the Second, until he should be firmly fixed on his own throne. The invaders took the Baron, Hugh de Tyrrel, prisoner with his wife, who were, however, soon afterwards ran- somed. In 1371 an inquisition was had concerning the extent of this "honor or manor," which stated that the last possessor was Ro- bert Tyrrel, the son and heir of Hugh, and that Robert had also died, leaving his widow Scolastica, the daughter of Nicholas Howth, and also a daughter Johanna him surviving. This daughter was afterwards married to Robert Serjeant, who thereupon assumed the title of Baron of Castleknock. J * Dign. Dec. t Crede mihi. % Rot- Pat - in Canc - Hib * •558 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1394 the king granted to John Lincoln the prebend of Castleknock, with a license that he should not be compelled to remain in Ireland.* For a notice in 1455, see at " Clonsillagh." About the year 1483 the tithes of a carucate of land lying in this parish, which had been in the possession of the chapter of St. Patrick's from time immemorial, were unjustly seized upon by James Keating, Prior of Kilmainharn. The dean, however, hav- ing petitioned the Pope, the matter was referred to a delegated tribunal, who decided that the tithes belonged to the dean and chapter, and that Keating should pay £18 damages and £16 10*. Sd. costs. | In 1486 Hugh Tyrrel was Lord of Castleknock, the last of that line, and on his death, without issue male, his inheritance passed to those who intermarried with his daughters and co- heiresses, Christopher Barnewall and John Burnell, who were accordingly in 1532 summoned to appear in right of their lay fee of Castleknock. J In 1539 the prebend was valued to the First Fruits at £20 6s. 4d.> and the vicarage at £13 6s. Sd., Irish. An inqui- sition of 1547 ascertains the extent and value of the former in tithes, while it adds, that the vicar received the altarages with £2 13s. 4d. from the rector as his stipend, and that the rector was bound to repair the chancel. The extent and value of the tithes belonging to the economy of St. Patrick's were at the same time ascertained. In 1559 an order was made by the queen's commis- sioners, empowering the vicar of Castleknock and his successors to hold and enjoy a house, two parks, and six acres of arable land, with the appurtenances as parcel of said vicarage. In 1568, on the attainder of John Burnell of Balgriffin, one moiety of the lands of Castleknock, which formed part of his es- tate, having been forfeited thereby, was granted to Sir Lucas Dil- lon of Moymet, Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, and one of her Majesty's distributors of forfeited lands in the province of Muns- ter-§ Some members of the Burnell family, however, continued * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Dign. Dec. p. 142. I Roll in Ch. Rememb. Oif. § Lett. Pat. 10 Eliz. CASTLEKNOCK. 559 to reside there. A subsequent inquisition defines six certain acres as appertaining to the vicarage, also two acres adjoining the vicar's manse at the east and situated on the mountain near the Baron's mill, and likewise a parcel of land at the foot of Sand mountain. In 1605 Thomas Jones, Archbishop of Dublin, held this pre- bend in commendam with his see, as did his successor Launcelot Bulkeley. About the same time Philip Hoare was found seised in fee of ten messuages, and 224a. in Castleknock and Irishtown, and of a water-mill and fishery in the river Liffey, all which were forfeited by him in 1641. In 1609 the church was rebuilt. Thereeal visitation of 1615 states that the rectory appertained to the prebend, that the vicar- age was worth £15 per annum, and then filled by John Rice, and that the church and chancel were in good repair. In 1642 Colonel Monk, afterwards celebrated as the Duke of Albemarle, took Castleknock and killed several of the confe- derates. In November, 1647, Owen Roe O'Neill and Sir Tho- mas Esmonde,* baronet, at the head of a royal force, retook the castle from the republicans, having defeated Colonel Trevor, who was sent to oppose them with a strong body of horse ; the con- querors continued their march to Brazeel, where they encamped that night. In 1649 the Earl of Ormonde marched with his armv from Naas, passed over the bridge of Lucan, and appeared before this castle, intending to attack Dublin ; but after some inconsider- able skirmishes he removed to Finglas. At the time of the Res- toration the castle fell to decay, and was never since repaired. In 1666 Philip Hoare, a descendant of the forfeiting proprietor before-mentioned, was restored to his former possessions here, * This Sir Thomas Esmonde, the first baronet of his name, was the descendant of an individual who settled in Ireland soon after the Eng- lish invasion, and acquired considerable landed possessions in the County Wexford 5 the title and honour of the family have passed un- tainted through the revolutions of Irish history, and derive yet more lustre from the character of him who at present represents the baro- netcy, and inherits a considerable portion of the ancient estates. There was also a peerage in this family in Lord Esmonde, Baron of Lime- rick. 560 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. while William Warren had a grant of 283a. within the parish, besides parts of Carpenterstown and the Lackes. The former afterwards assigned 28a., and the latter 16^a. of their respective holdings to be enclosed in the Phcenix Park. In 1676 the Chapter of St. Patrick's resolved that G. Morton should have a lease of the rectory for twenty-one years, at half the value, in consequence of " his having made a discovery of the said rectory." The tithes were then leased for £20 sterling. In 1679 Edward Wettenhall, who had been Prebendary of Castle- knock, was consecrated Bishop of Cork and Ross ; and in 1680 it was regulated that the prebend should be chargeable with £2 5s. annually to its vicar. In 1697 the Rev. Patrick Cruise, D. D., was returned parish priest of Castleknock, having as his curate the Rev. Walter Cruise. In 1700 Thomas Warren claimed, and was allowed, the benefit of a leasehold interest in lower Castleknock, forfeited by the Earl of Tyrconnel ; and in 1703 Edward Ford of New Park, passed patent for 285a. in lower Castleknock, the estate of the said earl. For a notice in 1716, see the "Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin" at that year. In 1717 lived Richard Tipper of Mitchelstown in this parish, a transcriber of several Irish works. Many of his copies are ex- tant, and singularly correct. In 1720 William Crosthwaite, by deed granted, £10 yearly for ever issuing out of the impropriate rectory of Follystown in the county of Meath, in trust for the education of poor children in the parishes of Castleknock, Mallaghiddart, and Clonsillagh. On which foundation a charity-school was reported as existing in 1730. Twelve children were educated here in 1818. In 1826 the num- ber increased to nineteen Roman Catholics and eight Protestants. The return of this latter year, also mentions an acre of good land as annexed to this establishment. The Report of 1835 states the number of its pupils as thirty-two, but erroneously styles its founder Postletwaite. In 1721 Doctor Josiah Hort was consecrated Bishop of Leigh- lin and Ferns in this church by the Bishops of Meath, Dromore, Kilmore, and Ardagh. In 1773 the parishes of Castleknock and Clonsillagh were CASTLE KNOCK. 561 united by act of Council ; and in the same year, Richard Morgan of Newcastle in the county of Dublin, bequeathed to certain trus- tees for ever all his estates, in trust out of the produce thereof, to expend a sum not exceeding £3000 in erecting two buildings, one for 100 boys, the other for a like number of girls, the children of poor reduced Protestant parents, to be clothed, dieted, lodged, educated, and instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, and other useful qualifications for their condition in life, and, when of suffi- cient age, to be apprenticed to Protestant masters and mistresses, with an apprentice fee of £5 for each. And he directed, that any surplus of his estates should be applied in portioning an approved number of the children, on their intermarrying with Protestants. Mr. Morgan died in 1784, but, his will having been contested, the property was on compromise divided, one-half being left with the charity, and the other moiety taken by the heir-at-law, an arrange- ment which was confirmed by act of parliament. The rental of the charity estates in the counties of Limerick, Dublin, and Leitrim, and in the town of Drogheda, were in 1812 reported as £1652 per annum, while in one denomination, a rise of £600 per annum was then confidently anticipated. The schools have been erected, at an expense, however, considerably exceeding the testator's esti- mate. The return of 1835 states forty-seven boys as then on this establishment. In 1797 the Castleknock Farmers' Society was instituted for the improvement of agriculture, and the encouragement of indus- trious and sober servants and labourers. In 1808 the Board of First Fruits lent £1000 towards build- ing the present church. In 1831 William Tisdall of Clonturk, solicitor, devised the lands of Roulestown, subject to the life interests of his wife and aunt, to the Protestant rector of Castleknock and his successors, in trust for the Protestant school of that parish ; and he further bequeathed all the residue of his said estate and effects to the said rector and his successors in trust for the said charity-school Since which year, Alice Tisdall, the sister of the above William, by will, (25th May, 1836,) devised £90 in the 3± per cents, for the use of the same establishment. 2 o 562 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The succession of the prebendaries of Castleknock has been as follows, as far as ascertained : — 1274. William de Northfeld. Richard de Gnowessale. 1305. Anthony Beck. 1306. John de Patrick. John de Dene. 1394. John Lincoln. 1495. Nicholas Boys. 1546. Richard Ellercare. 1562. Thomas Ithel. 1G05. Thomas Jones. 1619. Launcelot Bulkeley. 1620. Anthony Martin. 1661. William Hill. 1667. Thomas Hill. 1673. Benjamin Barry. 1675. Edward Wettenhall. 1679. J. Wilkinson. 1691. Thomas Twigg. 1734. Jonathan Rogers. 1741. John Jourdan. 1758. Peter Sterne. 1764. Kene Percival. 1774. William Ware. 1803. George O'Connor. In the botanic department, the sides of the canal near this exhibit the canon carui, caraway ; juncus conglomeratus, common rush ; juncus effusns, soft rush; triglochin palustre, marsh arrow-grass; alisma plantago, greater water plantain ; armaria rubra, purple sandwort ; alisma ranunculoides, lesser water plantain ; polygonum amphibium, amphibious persi- caria ; while artemisia vulgaris, mug wort, called in Irish bofulan ban, abounds on every side. Proceeding from Castleknock, at right appear those schools of Mr. Morgan before alluded to ; Blanchardstown Mills succeed ; and lastly the village of B L A N C 1 1 A R D S T O W X , in both Protestant and Catholic dispensations ac- counted in the parish of Castleknock. Here is a BLANCHARDSTOWN. 563 new commodious chapel, ninety feet in length by thirty-five in breadth, and thirty-three in height, ad- mirably, yet simply ventilated, and having near it a convent of Carmelite nuns, who give gratuitous edu- cation to upwards of 200 girls. The National Board allows £15 per annum for this charitable object, and £10 for a male school in the village. The principal proprietors of the fee of this town- land are Mr. Kirkpatrick, and the representative of Mr. Locke of Athgoe. The general acreable rent is £4 per annum, the wages of labour from seven to eight shillings weekly. The tithes are a portion of those within the parish of Castleknock, appropriated to the economy of St. Patrick's cathedral. Early in the fourteenth century, the family of Owen, which was originally settled at Blundelstown in this county, acquired a derivative interest in this denomination, under the Tyrrels, and perpetuated their name in the townland of Owenstown. Accord- ingly, in 1381 John Owen assigned to Cicely Howth, twenty acres of wood, with the water-mill and other properties here, held by him, as the conveyance states, under Sir Robert Tyrrel. The remainder of his property soon afterwards passed to William de Boltham and Robert Burnell, the respective husbands of his sis- ters and co-heiresses. By inquisition of 1542, it was found, that the abbot of the re- ligious house of the Blessed Virgin near Dublin, was seised of a messuage, with a garden, and six acres of land in the town of Blanchardstown, annual value nine shillings ; as also of the tithes of corn and hay of Blanchardstown, called the little tithes of the parish of Castleknock, annual value £3 6s. Sd. In 1577 Nicholas Dillon of Cappock in this county, died seised in fee of Cappock, Blanchardstown, and Blundelstown, 300 acres, Finglas 120 acres, a water-mill on the river Tolka, called Cardiff's 2 o 2 504 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. mill, and another called New mill, &c, out of which he assigned the town and lands of Blanchardstown as the dower of his wife.* In the beginning of the seventeenth century, Thomas Luttrel was seised in fee of the great wood of Blanchardstown, called Scald Wood, as also of a water-mill there.f In 1621 the tithes of corn and hay of Blanchardstown, "lately called the little tithes of the parish of Castleknock," were held by William Dangan, Esq., at the annual rent of £3 6s. 8d. In 1666 James Duke of York obtained a grant of ISO acres plantation measure in Blanchardstown and Damestown ; and in 1668 Sir Robert Meredith died seised of the tithes of Blanchards- town, which he held of the crown in free and common socage, at an annual rent. J In 1688 Peter Westenra, Esq., of this locality, was one of those attainted in King James's parliament. For a notice of the possessions of Edward Sweet man here, in 1697, see at u Abbots- town." In 1703 Alderman John Eccles obtained a grant of a portion of Blanchardstown, which King James held under the before- mentioned grant of 1666, while seventeen acres were sold by the trustees of the forfeited estates to William Cairnes. For a notice of a bequest for a poor-school here in 1829, see at " Harold's Cross." From Blanchardstown, the Trim road continues, overhanging the valley of the Tolka, and looking back upon a fine display of the Dublin mountains, the historic hills of Castleknock, and presently are seen at right, the mill and ancient demesne of CORDUFF IN CASTLEKNOCK, (as it may be called, to distinguish it from CordufF near Lusk,) formerly the property of the de la Field * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. t lb. \ lb. D1SWELLSTOWN. 505 family, and subsequently of the Warrens, in reference to whom it may be noted, that in 1692 it was one of the charges against William Culliford, a Commissioner of his Majesty's Revenue, " that for his private ad- vantage, he did take to farm the forfeited lands of Thomas Warren of Corduff, from their Majesties' then Commissioners of the Revenue, in the name of one Nolan, in trust for him the said Mr. Culliford, and did seize the stock, corn, and household goods of the said Thomas Warren, to the value of £500, which were forfeited to their Majesties, and disposed thereof to his own private use." Crossing the Royal Canal, where its passage has been forced through blasted rocks, the tourist arrives at CARPENTERSTOWN, so called from having been, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the residence of a branch of the family of Carpenter. The Luttrels, Warrens, and Burnells succeeded to certain portions of the denomi- nation, the fee of which is now chiefly vested in the devisee of Mr. Locke. Rent is about £4 per acre, labourers' wages from seven to eight shillings weekly. The tithes of this townland also are part of those ap- propriated to the economy of St. Patrick's. Near this, at DISWELLSTOWN, is a handsome, modern built house, with a fine lawn, and surrounded by grounds well enclosed and wooded, 566 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. also a remarkable spring-well, the waters of which are reported to be of such a petrifying quality, that it is said a sprig of thorn thrown into it in autumn will be petrified in about five months. The water lathers with soap, and excites some small bubbles with spirit of vitriol ; it is impregnated with calcareous earth, a little marine salt, and sulphur. Limestone abounds in this neighbourhood. " Near Diswellstown," writes Rutty, " copper ore was found mixed with spar, which appeared to be rich, but after sinking some yards the work was dropped ; and on the same es- tate, in a quarry, there appeared a copper course, which was wrought upon for a few months, but the ore raised there did not defray the expense, and, as the course seemed to lead into the estate of Mr. Lut- trel, which was nearly adjoining, and the undertaker had no mining lease, the work was dropped." This place took its name from the family of Diswell, who, in the thirteenth century, purchased 578 acres here from Tyrrel, Baron of Castleknock. The Luttrel family were subsequently seised of a stone house, six messuages, and 120 acres here,* and it is now the fee of Colonel White. The tithes are appropriated to the economy of St. Patrick's, as are also those of the adjacent townland of PORTERS TOWN, formerly the estate of the Finglas family, the last heiress of whom, Maria Finglas, was the ward of * Jnquib. in Cane. Hib. PORTERSTOWX. 567 Thomas Luttrel of Luttrelstown. Colonel White is now the proprietor of the fee. There are here ex- tensive limestone quarries, copper pyrites also occurs and brown iron-stone, andgallena is met with in calp, while in the adjacent rock banks of the Royal Canal is found a bed of manganese of good quality, eigh- teen inches thick. It is neither hard nor heavy, and on trial in a glass-house was found to give a most beau- tiful colour. A quantity of fine purple marie, of so pure a nature, and beautiful a colour, that a paper stainer has used it for colouring walls, was thrown up on cutting the canal here, and in the deep drain for letting out the overflow of its waters coal smute is had. In this place is a large cruciform Roman Catho- lic chapel, with a school-house adjacent. The mills are mentioned in records as early as the fourteenth century, and appear to have stood on the site of those now called Black Mills, the first established in Ireland for flattening iron. At New Holland, immediately adjacent, there were also, some few years since, four wire mill wheels and a cotton printer's establishment ; but none of these are now in existence. A prettily shaded road leads from Porterstown to Clonsillagh. The chapel alluded to is seen at left, and on the right, amidst aged and decaying trees, are the remains of an ancient residence of the Troy family, where the late Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin was born. Another road, rough and steep, but most picturesque, leads down to the valley of the Lifiey, turning at a rock-piled gate-house of Luttrels- town, and thence descending to the river with that 568 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. demesne at right. A splendid view is here com- manded over the windings of the vale and river, em- browned by the dark wooded eminences of Hermitage, yet more beautifully reflected in the clear waters be- low, and solemnly enlivened by the flittings and caw- ings of its ancient rookery. LUTTRELSTOWN, the demesne alluded to, was so styled from its former proprietor, but is now more usually called Wood- lands, and is the present residence of Colonel White. It is beautifully undulated in all its surface, diversified with wood and water, valleys and precipices, and oc- casionally opening the richest vistas over that en- chanting line before-mentioned as the lower road to Lucan, which here accompanies the Liffey through a valley overhung with wooded slopes, and only wide enough to admit their common progress. The entrance to the demesne, as Prince Puckler Muskau well describes it, " is indeed the most de- lightful in its kind that can be imagined. Scenery, by nature most beautiful, is improved by art to the highest degree of its capability, and, without destroy- ing its free and wild character, a variety and richness of vegetation is produced which enchants the eye. Gay shrubs and wild flowers, the softest turf and giant trees, festooned with creeping plants, fill the narrow glen through which the path winds, by the side of the clear, dancing brook, which, falling in lit- tle cataracts, flows on, sometimes hidden in the thicket, sometimes resting like liquid silver in an emerald LDTTRE LSTOWN. 569 cup, or rushing under overhanging arches of rock, which nature seems to have hung there as triumphal gates for the beneficent Naiad of the valley to pass through." So early as the reign of King John, this estate is said to have been granted by that monarch to Sir Geoffrey Luttrel, in whose descendants it remained until sold by Lord Carhampton. In a record of 1519 occurs the following curious notice refer- able to Luttrelstown : — " Memorandum, that I, Thomas Netter- ville, the king's attorney, was with Sir William D'Arcy of Platten, knight, at Platten, the Monday next before the feast of the Nati- vity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the year 1519, and there among other points, enquired of him whether he knew John Bermingham of Baldungan, and Nicholas Try vers of Corkelagh or not, and what age or station the said Nicholas was of, the which Sir Wil- liam shewed me that he and his cousin Sir Thomas Kent, being learning their Tenures and Natura Brevium with Mr. John Stret at Dublin, was tabled at Hugh Talbot's, the said Hugh then dwelling where said John Dillon now dwelleth, and that Philip Bermingham, then Chief Justice of the King's Bench, at that time dwelled there, as Anne White dwelleth now, having one John Harper in his service, unto the which John Harper, the said Sir William and Sir Thomas, with other their companions on holy- days resorted, to learn to harp and to dance at the said justice's place, where was then the said John Bermingham ; and the said Sir William and Sir Thomas so being in Dublin, were sent for to the marriage of the said Nicholas and of LuttrePs daughter to Luttrelstown, where they, accompanied with divers of Dublin, went, at the which time, said Nicholas was as tall a man as ever he was, and the best and strongest archer that was at that mar- riage, and at the least to the said Sir William's remembrance, there was forty good bows there," &c. In 1531 the prior of the Croisers of the religious house of St. John the Baptist of Dublin, was seised of certain parts of this denomination, and granted to Sir Thomas Luttrel of Lut- trelstown, lawyer, for his counsel, and services to that establish- 570 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ment, an annuity of twenty shilling?, with power of distraining for the same. The monastic order of Croisers, alias Crutched Friars, by which name they were more known in England and Ireland, was founded in honour of the discovery of the cross by the Empress Helena. They were dispersed in several parts of Europe, but more particularly in the Low Countries, France, and Bohemia. They followed the rule of St. Augustine, and at their dissolution, had in this country thirteen establishments. In 1535 the said Sir Thomas Luttrel had a grant of the offices of Sergeant-at-law and Solicitor-General. In 1561 Queen Elizabeth granted to Richard Netterville, Esq., all the possessions in the county of Dublin that had belonged to the priory of St. John the Baptist, and situate at Jordanstown, Luttrelstown, Grallagh, Newtown, St. John's Leys in Lucan, with other lands and possessions situated in the counties of Wicklow, Meath, Kildare, Louth, Tipperary, and Carlow, and in the city of Cork, and town of Drogheda. In 1654 Luttrelstown was the residence of Colonel Hewson, who had been for some time Governor of Dublin, and represented this county in Cromwell's parliament of 1654. A pamphlet of that day, in characterizing the members of that assembly, says, " Colo- nel Hewson, sometime an honest shoemaker or cobbler in London, went out a captain upon the account of the cause, fought on, and in time became a colonel, did good service in England and Scot- land, was made Governor of Dublin, became one of the little par- liament, and of all the parliaments since, a knight also of the new stamp, the world being so well mended with him, and the sole so well stitched to the upper leather ; having gotten so considerable an interest and means, he may well be counted fit to be taken out of the house to be a lord, and to have a negative voice in the other house over all of the gentle craft and cordwainers' company in London, if they please. But, though he be so considerable and of such merit in the Protector's, as also in his own esteem, not only to be a knight, but also a lord, yet it will hardly pass for cur- rent with the good people of these lands, it being so far beyond the last." He was one of the most constantly attendant judges at the trial of the unfortunate Charles the First, throughout all the proceedings, -as well in the painted chamber as at Westminster LUTTRELSTOWN. 571 Hall, in which latter place he was present when the fatal sentence was pronounced.* In Ireland, he was one of the most distin- guished parliamentary leaders, and signalized himself at the taking of Castledermot, Naas, At%, Maryborough, Lea Castle, Duna- mase, &c. In 1660, however, he was attainted, and his estate granted to others. In 1672 Luttrelstown was the property of Thomas Luttrel, comprising with its appurtenances 424a. He was also seised of Clonsillagh 90a., Strahenny 188a., Diswellstown 578a., Carpen- terstown 80a., and other most extensive denominations in this neighbourhood. In King James's parliament of 1689, Simon Luttrel of Lut- trelstown, was one of the members for the county of Dublin, and in the ensuing confiscations forfeited his interest in the said es- tates. His widow, thereupon, sought and was allowed her jointure off the premises, while Colonel Henry Luttrel claimed an estate tail therein. In 1703 the rectories and tithes of Luttrelstown, Clonsillagh, and Mullaghiddart, confiscated by the attainder of Simon Luttrel, were conveyed by the commissioners of the forfeited estates to the trustees for the augmentation of small vicarages, in pursuance of the act 11 Will. III. In 1787 a beautiful wooden bridge, which Lord Carhampton had erected at a point opposite his demesne, adding a considerable embellishment to the scene, was carried away by a remarkable rising of the waters, which it had for some time triumphantly spanned. See at " the Liffey." Squirrels were formerly frequent in the woods of Luttrelstown, as was likewise the marten. The bo- tanist will find there ilex aquifolium, holly ; pact ne- moral is, wood meadow-grass, flowering in July ; ca- rex strigosa, loose pendulous sedge, flowering in June ; ophrys nidus avis, bird's nest ophrys, flower- * Fellowes's Historical Sketches, p. 1/3. 578 COUNTY OF D U T L I N" . ing so early as April ; care* remain, remote sedge ; hj/pnum cusp idutum, pointed hypnuni ; meruit us an- drosaceus, black-stalked agaric ; helvtlla mitra, curl- ed helvella, flowering here in April : festuca giga/i- tca, tall fescue-grass, whose seeds are coveted by birds ; lathrcea squamaria, tooth wort, dowering round the roots of the elms in April and May ; orchis mas- cuhi, early purple orchis ; galeobdolon luleum, yellow archangel, dowering in May and June. — On the trees, lichen olivaceus, olive lichen. — In the moist places, geum rivale, water avens, dowering in June and July. In the ponds, happuris vulgaris, mare's tail; cunanthe phillandrium, dne-leaved water dropwort. — In the hedges, hi/pericum hirsutam, hairy St. John's wort ; carpinus belulus, hornbeam, the wood of which burns like a candle. It is useful in turning, and for making many implements in husbandry, aud for cogs for mill wheels is considered even superior to yew ; the inner bark is likewise much used in Scandinavia to dye yellow ; rasa cinamamea, cinnamon, or May rose, dowering in May. — On the road sides, along the walls and ditches, circcea lutetiana, common enchant- er's nightshade ; veronica manlana, mountain speed- well ; holcus avenaceus, oatlike sort grass, a tall, con- spicuous plant, remarkable for the bulbous nodes that are fixed at the base of the straw, particularly when the plant is advanced in age. It is, however, appli- cable to no agricultural purpose, is materially inju- rious when it intrudes in the com crops, and never desirable amidst pasture grasses ; it is also subject to a CLON SILLAGH. 573 disease called rust, which after its flowering affects the whole plant ; poli/podium vulgare, common poly- pody. — In the adjacent fields, isatis tinctoria, dyer's wood, yielding the blue dye which was used by the ancient Britons for painting their bodies ; triticum caninum, fibrous-rooted wheat-grass. — And, adher- ing to the furze on the line between this and Lucan, orobanclie major, greater broom rape, flowering in August. In the neighbourhood of this locality are several excellent sites for mills, one very fine concern of this class is at present worked. It has been erected on the foundation of what is popularly called the Devil's mill, from a tradition, faithfully preserved, that his Infernal Majesty had from time immemorial prompt- ly defeated all attempts to establish such a work there. Man has, however, triumphed, and the demon is now considered barred by a long interval of acquiescence. A beautiful road, commanding delightful views, of a character similar to those occurring in the before mentioned descent from Porterstown, climbs the steep at the Lucan side of Colonel White's to Barberstown, another portion of the ancient patrimony of the Lut- trels, whence a cross road conducts to CLONSILLAGH, a village formed of what, on the old principles of serf elections, were designed as votive residences for forty shilling freeholders, each having in the rere an acre 574 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. of ground attached, subject to the annual rent of £5, yet sworn to yield an interest to the amount required for qualification. The church is an old, plain build- ing surrounded by trees. The patron saint was Mochta, the last survivor of St. Patrick's disciples, and whose name is here still preserved, in a well de- dicated to his honour. The parish ranks as a curacy in the union of Cas- tleknock, of which the Archbishop of Dublin is pa- tron. It comprises 3256a. 1r. 7P- 5 in thirteen town- lands, and has compounded for its tithes at £240 per annum, payable to the incumbent. Its population was returned in 1831 as 943 persons, of whom 770 were Catholics. The chief proprietor of the fee is Colonel White, the general acreable rent being from £2 105. to £3 per annum, and the wages of labour seven shillings weekly. There are schools in the pa- rish for males and females, at which about sixty-six are educated, and for the support of which the Na- tional Board has allowed £10 annually. In 1419 the prior of Little Malvern was sued as rector of the church of Clonsillagh for two-thirds of the profits thereof, in con- sequence of his non-residence ; but he pleaded letters of license from the king, and had a remission of the penalty. An inquisition of 1455 finds that Christopher Luttrel of Clon- sillagh was seised of the manor of Luttrelstown, Clonsillagh, and Castleknock, and the towns of Timolin and Barberstown. In 1470 it was enjoined by act of parliament that such of the lands of Mullaghiddart and Clonsillagh, as were parcel of the pos- sessions of the nunnery of Lismullen, should be charged only as one carucate of land, the same being barren and of small value. In 1485 Thomas. Prior of St. Giles of little Malvern in Wor- cestershire, and his convent, with the consent of John, Bishop of MULLAGHIDDAUT. 575 Worcester, granted to the abbey of the Virgin Mary of Dublin, the Grange of Clonsillagh, five other acres in Clonsillagh, five near the White Chapel of Clonsillagh, (Culmine,) the mill on the river Liffey in the county of Dublin, five carucates of land in the lordship of Fertullagh, and the mill of Fertullagh in the county of Westmeath ; and in the following year the same prior granted to the said abbey, the church at the White Chapel of St. Macolthus of Clonsillagh, with certain other churches in the dioceses of Meath and Ardagh.* Accordingly an inquisition of 1541 finds that the abbot of said house of the Blessed Virgin was seised of the premises here before-mentioned, and of the rectory of Clon- sillagh, the extent of which is there defined ; and also of an an- nual charge of sixteen shillings for the mill of Clonsillagh. For a notice in 1602 see " Dalkey." At this time Thomas Luttrel was seised in fee of the rectory with all the tithes and 100a. in this denomination.! Accordingly the regal visitation of 1615 reports the rectory as impropriate, that John Rice the vicar of Castleknock served the cure, and that both church and chancel were in good repair. For a notice in 1672, see at " Luttrelstown." In 1700 Thomas Braughall claimed, and was allowed, a lease- hold interest in Clonsillagh, the Grange, and the impropriations, and great tithes thereof, &.C., forfeited by Simon Luttrel ; and in 1703 the rectory was, in pursuance of the act 11 Will. III. as- signed to augment its vicarage. For a notice of the parish in 1773, see at « Castleknock." A road, partially margined at one side with poplars and hawthorns, on the other with Scotch firs, leads hence to the village of MULLAGHIDDAUT, situated on an acclivity that rises above the meander- ing waters of the Tolka, as its name expressively denotes. King's MSS. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 576 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. Here are the ruins of the old church, which was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. They exhibit a square, double, stone-arched steeple, with the broken walls of a long and tolerably broad chapel, within which is a monumental stone to Margaret Savage, who died in 16S1 ; another to the Rev. John Beahan, Curate of St. Nicholas without, who died in 1S22 ; and a third to John Conolly of New Haggard, who died in 1811; while in the side of the gable two mural monuments are inserted, commemorative of the Comynses from 1675 to 1751. Amidst the ridges of humbler dead, in a thick vegetation of nettles and thorns, are monuments to the Clinches of Rathcoole, the Younges, O'Briens, Meades, Mac Cabcs, Lynches, Rooneys. &c, an enclosed cemetery for the Rourkes of Tyrrelstown, and a monument to the celebrated Roman Catholic preacher, the Rev. Mr. Clarke, who died in 1509, at the early age of thirty-three years. Mullaghiddart constitutes a prebend in St. Pa- trick's cathedral, of the annual value of £210, the rectory being annexed thereto ; the parish ranks as a curacy, and is in the union of Castleknock in both the Protestant and Catholic arrangements. It com- prises 4067a. Or. 35p. in nineteen townlands, and a population reported in 1531 as 471 persons, of whom not forty were Protestants. The chief proprietors in the parish are Sir Coghill Coghill and Sir Thomas Molyneux. Acreable rent varies from £2 to £2 10*. per annum, while a cabin without land is let for about £2 1G*. MULLAGHIDDART. •377 In 1363 Thomas Minot, Prebendary of Mullaghiddart, was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin. In 1412 the king granted to Maurice Coggeran, the prebend of Mullaghiddart, as appertaining to the royal patronage.* — For a notice in 1468, see at " Tipperkevin." and in 1470, at u Clon- sillagh." In 1532 King Henry, on the requisition and assent of both houses of parliament, and at the solicitation of certain persons therein named, granted license by letters patent to found a frater nity or guild of brothers and sisters, under the name of the Guild of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to continue by succession in perpe- tuity, and to consist of a master and two wardens to govern said guild, with regulations for their appointment, continuance, or re- moval, to have a common seal, and to sue and be sued as a cor- porate body, with powers for the erection of a chantry of two or more chaplains, for the celebration of divine service in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary within the parish church of Mullagh- iddart for ever, as also that the said master should be at liberty to purchase lands, kc, to the value of twenty marks yearly. The guild was accordingly established, and so continued down to the year 1573, having acquired in that interval 30a. in Whitestown, 25a. in Huntstown, 24a. in Redmoreton, 20a. in Ballyboggan, 28a. in Newcastle, kc. kc.f In 1539 the prebend was rated to the First Fruits at £18 Irish, and, by inquisition of 1547, its extent and value were ascer- tained as in tithes worth £39 per annum, the altarages being stated to appertain to the Vicar of Castleknock, to whom a sum of £1 6s. 8d. was also paid by the rector. The vicar (adds the document,) is bound to find a curate, but the rector is bound to repair the chancel. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory of Mullagh- iddart as appertaining to the prebend, and that John Rice, Vicar of Castleknock, served the cure. In 1677 a very remarkable personage was interred here. Ri- chard Beling, son of Sir Henry Beling, Knight. He was born in • Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. f Inquis. of 1613. 2 p COUNTY OF DUBLIN. this county and received a grammar education in the metropolis, whence he removed to Lincoln's Inn to study the law. Having sojourned there for some years, he returned a very accomplished gentleman. He took part with the royalists in what is called the Rebellion of 1641, and was an officer of considerable rank. In the February of that year, he appeared with a party of Irish be- fore Lismore, and summoned the castle to surrender, but Lord Broghill, who commanded in it, slighted the summons, and some forces coming to his aid, Mr. Beling thought it prudent to retire. He afterwards became a leading member in the Supreme Council of the confederated Catholics at Kilkenny, to which he was secre- tary, and was by them sent in 1 645 to the Pope to crave his assistance. He returned, unhappily accompanied by Rinunccini the Nuncio, who was the occasion of renewing those distinctions between the old Irish and the English in this country, which split the before justly styled confederates into factions, promoted the visitation of Cromwell, and the utter extinction of Ireland as an independent nation. Mr. Beling soon saw the error of this policy, and none was thenceforth more zealous than he in opposing such measures, promoting the peace, and submitting to the king's authority. When the parliamentary army subdued the Irish, he went into France, where he lived during some years, but on the Restoration returned to Ireland, where he recovered his estates through the interest of the Duke of Ormonde. He died in Dublin in 1677, and was buried here. Ware says he saw his tomb at Mullaghiddart, walled in, but without inscription. At a very early age he wrote and added a sixth book to Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, which has been printed with that work, and during his retirement in France, is said to have written in Latin, under the name of Philopater Ire- nseus, a work entitled " Vindicise Catholicorum Hiberniae," the first part of which treats of Irish affairs from 1641 to 1649, and the second is an answer to an epistle written by Paul King, a Franciscan friar, and a partisan of the nuncio. He was, likewise, the author of some other works. In reference, however, to the u Vindicise Catholicorum Hiberniae," it would seem more than questionable that Beling was its author. His contemporary, Peter Walshe, in the preface to his History of the Remonstrauce, at- MULLAGHIDDART. 579 tributes it to the Robert John Mac Callaghan, who was presented by the confederate Catholics to the bishopric of Cork, but on the nuncio's interference was not promoted thereto. De Burgo also sanctions this conclusion, while O'Conor seems to attribute the " Vindiciae" to Beling, and laments he had not continued it down to Cromwell's time, as he had such sources and facilities for the work. The subject of this memoir, it may be added, was father to Sir Richard Beling, Knight, secretary to Catherine, the queen of King Charles the Second, who, marrying a lady of the name of Arundel, an heiress to a great estate, his children were obliged to take the name of their mother's family. In 1680 it was regulated, that the Prebendary of Mullaghid- dart should pay £2 10s. annually to the vicar of that parish. In 1688 Henry Rider, Prebendary of Mullaghiddart, was one of those attainted in King James's parliament, but in 1693 was promoted to the bishopric of Killaloe. In 1700 Henry Luttrel of Luttrelstown, and Walter Delamer of Porterstown, passed their bond in the penalty of £2634 to the Trustees of the for- feited estates, to secure £310 5s. to the clergy for the tithes and mesne rates of the lands in Mrs. Luttrel's jointure, and the mesne rates of the rest of the lands to the public and the clergy. For a' notice of the rectory and tithes in 1703, see " Luttrelstown." In 1716 Dean Swift wrote to Archbishop King in reference to this prebend, " I have been assured that Mr. Wall would not have failed of the prebend of Mullaghiddart, if he had not boen thought too much attached to me, for it is alleged, that, according to your own scheme of uniting the prebends to the vicarages, it would almost have fallen to him of course, and I remember the poor gentleman had always a remote hope of that prebend, when- ever Doctor Moore should quit it. Mr. Wall came lately down to me to Trim upon that disappointment, and I was so free as to ask him whether he thought my friendship had done him hurt, but he was either so meek or so fearful of offending, that he would by no means impute his misfortune to any thing beside his want of merit and some misrepresentations, which latter, I must confess, to have found with grief to have more than once influenced you against some, who by their conduct to your grace, have deserved a quite 2 p 2 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. different treatment. With respect to myself, I can assure your grace, that those who are most in your confidence make it no manner of secret, that several clergymen have lost your grace's favour by their civilities to me. I do not say any thing of this by way of complaint, which I look upon to be an office too mean for any man of spirit and integrity, but merely to know, whether it be possible for me to be upon any better terms with your grace, with- out which, I shall be able to do very little good in the small sta- tion I am placed." For a further notice in this year, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1809 the Rev. Mr. Clarke, before alluded to, was interred here. This young clergyman, who so much distinguished him- self in Dublin for his piety and talents, was the youngest son of a Captain Clarke, resident near Lisburn. He Vad been edu- cated a Protestant, but in his youth embraced the faith of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1793 he became a student at the Irish College of Lisbon, where he concluded his courses of philosophy and divinity, and became distinguished for his reason- ing powers and sound judgment. In composing and preparing his discourses he evinced wonderful facility, but, while intent on the better object of profiting his hearers, he was to a great ex- tent careless of ornament. His style was plain though pure, his reasoning accurate and conclusive, and his subjects methodically and judiciously arranged. The scope of his sermons was gene- rally to elucidate the tenets of the religion he had espoused, or to expose and lash the prevailing vices of the day. He died in the chapel house of Mary's parish, then situated in Liffey-street, and a mural monument of white marble was erected to his memory in the adjoining chapel, which has since been removed to the modern Metropolitan Church in Marlborough-street. The successive prebendaries of Mullaghiddart were as follow, as far as ascertained. 1306 John de Patrick. 1363 Thomas Minot. 1412 Maurice Coggeran. 1413 Thomas de St. Leger. 1437 John Sudbury. 1485 John Waryng. 1495 John Boys. 1509 Robert Skyrret. 1515 David Eustace. 1524 Christopher Lynam. THE TOLKA. 581 1545 Robert Eustace. 1555 Nicholas Meagh. 1567 Richard Bancroft. 1597 Lucas Challoner. 1615 Benjamin Culme. 1626 Richard Moygnes. 1627 John Fitzgerald. 1642 Henry Hall. 1660 Thomas Crofton. 1683 Henry Rider. 1693 Anthony Ireby. 1706 Ezekiel Burridge. 1707 John Moore. 1716 Charles Whittingham. 1719 William Caldwell. 1729 Francis Corbet. 1 735 Edward Drury. 1737 Nicholas Synge. 1743 Gabriel James Maturin. 1746 John Towers. 1752 Kene Percival. 1764 William Martin. 1787 John Lyon. 1790 Robert Truell. 1831 William Michael Mayers. On the descent from the hill of Mullaghiddart to the Tolka, under the shade of two very ancient ash trees, is a well of remarkably fine water, which also was consecrated to the Blessed Virgin. At the op- posite side of the road is a school, to which the Na- tional board allows £10 annually, attended in 1835 by upwards of 100 children. It may here be observed of the pretty stream, so often alluded to in the course of this history, and here seen for the last time, THE TOLKA, that along the course of its windings, and of the ri- vulets that trickle into its valley, the botanist will find iris pseudacorus, yellow water iris ; scirjms la- custris, bull rush ; phalaris arundinacea, reed ca- nary grass, sometimes used for thatching cottages or ricks, and enduring much longer than straw ; pot a- 582 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". mogeton nutans, broad-leaved pond weed, floating its pleasant shade over the tinny inhabitants of the stream : cenanthe crocata, hemlock water dropwort, the roots and leaves of which are powerfully poison- ous ; juncus ghiucus, hard rush ; j uncus bufonius, toad rush ; alisma plantago, greater water plantain, with its purplish flowers, this also possesses a poison- ous quality ; ly thrum salicaria, purple loose strife j rosa rubiginosa, sweet briar, breathing its delicious fragrance through the overhanging hedges ; ranun- culus aquatilis, white water crowfoot; caltha palus- tris, marsh marygold, whose flowers the country peo- ple in England used formerly to strew on May day on the pavement before their doors ; scrophularia nodosa, knotty rooted figwort ; barbarea vulgaris, common rocket ; eupatorium cannabinum, hemp agrimony, with its pink flowers and fingered leaves ; arte mis ia vulgaris, mugwort : tussilago petasites, butter bur, with its remarkably large leaves ; senecio aquaticus, marsh ragwort ; inula dysenterica, com- mon flea bane ; listera ovata, common tway blade ; sideritis anglica, clown's all-heal ; a variety of the veronica anagallis, water speedwell, with narrow leaves and pinkish flowers ; lycopus Europ&us, gip- sy wort: eleocharis palustris, creeping spike rush; ononis arvensis, rest harrow, kc. In addition to the few historic events connected with the Tolka, but noticed at the localities to which they seemed more referrible, one may be here introduced, which if this (as most probably; be the Tolka alluded to, would evince that, pure and peaceful as it glides through its sequestered valley, the time has been when it too has " started at the bugle horn," slaked the thirst of the wounded CULM INK. 583 and stilled the agony of the dying. When Malachy, the last rbyal representative of that series of the Hy-Nial dynasty, who held the sovereignty of Ireland, resigned his throne and power in the ancient palace of Tara, and acknowledged submission to the victo- rious Brian Boroimhe, Aodh, the prince who at that time governed the Hy-Nials of Ulster, was the successor presumptive of Mala- chy, and consequently the person most essentially prejudiced by the abdication. This sense of his injuries and degradation natu- rally provoked his resentment even to rashness, and with a few daring adherents, who preferred death in freedom to life in slavery, Aodh attacked the allies of Brian in an engagement, which, from the scene of action, the Annals of the Four Masters call " the battle of the wood of Tolka," and there he gallantly fell. At a little distance west of Mullaghiddart is Da- mastown, 200a, of which were formerly the estate of Doctor Stearne, Bishop of Clogher. While north- ward, in the direction of the Ward, lies Hollywood- rath, a large portion of which was, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the fee of Christopher Plunkett of Dunsoghly, and which, on subsequent ac- quisition vesting in the Rev. Daniel Jackson, he by his will in 1706 charged with £6 per annum, for ever, for a schoolmaster, and £30 for building a school-house ; while he also devised three acres of land for the same purpose. Near Mullaghiddart is CULMINE, once a place of celebrity, and the seat of a church founded by St. Mochta, the last survivor of St. Pa- trick's disciples, and first abbot of Louth ; who died, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, on the 584 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 19th of August. A. D. 534. After the English in- vasion it was suffered to fall into decay, and a vestige of it did not exist in the sixteenth century, as appears from the Repertoriuni Viride. A royal confirmation of the possessions of the religious house of the Blessed Virgin of Dublin, bearing date in 1174, enumerates Culmine amongst them, with its lands, tithes, and other appurte- nances, as does a subsequent confirmation to the same house by John Earl of Moreton in 1185, and by Pope Clement the Third in 1189. For a notice in 1485, see at i; Clonsillagh." An inquisition of the time of Henry the Eighth finds the re- ligious house of the Blessed Virgin still seised of six messuages, with 260a., arable, meadow, pasture and bog in Culmine, annual value £12, which appear to have been subsequently granted to Sir Edward Bolton, at a crown rent of £10. Irish, lately purchased by Alexander Kirkpatrick. WARD, the succeeding locality, anciently called the town of Reimund le Bank, had a chapel, one of the three sub- seryient to the church of Finglas, and dedicated to Saint Brigid. Its ruins are sodded oyer almost eyen with the ground, with the exception of one iyied ga- ble, nor is there within them, or in the grayeyard without, any tomb of note. The manor extended oyer Spricklestown, Gelanstown, Phepoestown, Irish- town, Kilmacmonan, Stradbally, kc. The parish comprises 1349a. 1r. 6p., in four townlands, and its population was in 1831 returned as 251 persons. It ranks as a chapelry in the corps of the chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral. In the WARD. Roman Catholic arrangement it is in the union of Finglas. The chief proprietor of the fee is Lord Howth. Colonel Rochfort of Carlow, however, has a derivative interest that leaves the fee of small value. Sir Josiah Coghill Coghill has also a portion of the fee. Rent varies from £2 to £3 per acre, labourers' wages being seven shillings per week. Archbishop Allen says, that Raymond le Brett, the first pro- prietor of the Ward after the English invasion, caused to be here constructed a large foss, called " Halfpenny Trench/' Xo traces of this work, which seemed worthy of the prelate's notice : now exist. In 1421 Henry the Fifth committed to the custody of Thomas Walsh the manor or lordship of Ward, whilst in the king's hands.* In 1441 the king granted half the manor of Ward and sixty acres in Lafulane, which had been forfeited by Sir Richard Ber- mingham, to Richard Rowe, and Blanch his wife.| In 1515 a moiety of this manor was held under the crown by Sir Richard St. Lawrence, the nineteenth Lord of Howth ; and here his heir, Sir Christopher, the twentieth lord, resided, who, in 1557. settled the same, with other lands, upon his family, in whom they still continue. For a notice in 1538. see at •* Killbarrock.'*' An inquisition in 1547 defines the extent and value of the tithes and altarages of this parish ; and an account of 1660 is ex- tant in relation to the same subject. At the close of the sixteenth century a castle was garrisoned here. In 1611 Lord Howth suffered a recovery of a moiety of the manor, which was held in 1614 by Thomas White, described as comprising one castle, six messuages, and 260a.. subject to a chief rent of £40 to the Lord of Howth. The remainder of the manor and some dependent seigniories then belonged to the de la Hovde family. J In 1666 Sir James Ware died, seised of the town and lands of Ward, and of the town and lands of Mayockstown. ice. which he * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. - Ib. I Jnqui>. in Cane. Hib. 586 COUNTY O* DUBLIN. held of the crown in free and common socage.* The name of Sir James Ware, however slightly associated with the subject, should not be dismissed without some grateful recollection of the man, who, though not attached to Ireland by any link of ancient inheritance or lineage, has done more for its honest, dispassionate, and authentic illustration, than any who ever devoted attention to its neglected annals. He knew that all was not a literary chaos in the records of " that people, which, in truth," admits Edmund Spencer, " I think to be more auntient than most that I know in this end of the world f or, in the historic associations of that country, which, admits Prideaux, " was once the prime seat of learning in all Christendom." And, while too many of the old te- nants of the soil were wilfully blind to the footsteps of history, and "proudly shallow" in what should consecrate their homes, while they crept, like Helots, through the scenes of their ancestors' power and piety, or rather like the labourers that for centuries worked over Herculaneum, trembled to bring to light those evidences of former days that unexampled visitations had buried beneath their feet, he stood forth the champion of the cause, took from fable its extravagance, disembarrassed truth from the drapery of romance, based Irish history on recorded and incontrovertible evidence, and confounded the slanders that were so derogatory of a nation's honour. He was born in Castle-street, Dublin, in 1594, entered Trinity College in 1610, published his first portion of the work, " De Prsesulibus Hiberniae," in 1626, which he concluded at subsequent intervals. In 1632 he succeeded his father in the office of Audi- tor-General, and in 1633 was made a Privy Councillor by Lord Strafford. In 1639 he published the work, " De Scriptoribus Hiberniae," which he dedicated to that nobleman ; and in the lat- ter year he was returned member for the College in the Irish par- liament. In 1644, on his return from an embassy to the king, he was taken at sea by a ship in the parliament's service, and confined ten months in the Tower of London, whence he returned to Dub- lin; but on its being surrendered in 1647, he was obliged by Colonel Jones's order to transport himself to France, where he * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. CLOGHRAN. 587 resided at St. Maloes, Caen, and Paris successively. In four years afterwards he was permitted to return to Ireland : in 1654 put out the first edition of his " Antiquities" and " Annals," and in 1656, the " Opuscula Sancto Patricio adscripta." On the Restoration in 1661, he was reinstated in the office of Auditor-General, and was again selected to represent the University of Dublin in par- liament. He was subsequently one of the commissioners for exe- cuting the king's declaration for the settlement of Ireland, and had an offer of the title of viscount, but declined it, while, at his re- quest, the king granted him two blank baronets' patents, which he filled up, and disposed of to two friends. After publishing some other works equally effective with those alluded to, for the illus- tration of Irish history, and collecting, at his own expense, many valuable manuscripts, now principally in the library of Stowe, he died in 1666, at the age of seventy-three, and was buried in St. Werburgh's church. For a notice of Ward in 1697, see at " Finglas." Returning hence somewhat circuitously to the me- tropolis, a beautifully shaded road leads to CLOGHRAN, NEAR HIDDART, otherwise called Ballycoolane, a curacy annexed to the vicarage of Finglas. A solitary gable, in the midst of a burial ground, marks the site of the ancient church, the headstone of its own grave. The parish extends over 778a. Ok. 29p. ? in two townlands, and its population in 1831 was returned as but thirty-two persons. The average acreable rent is about two guineas, the wages of labour six shillings to those constantly employed, seven shillings to occa- sional labourers. Although this place lies within the bounds of the parish of Castleknock, it was never subject thereto, and Archbishop Allen 588 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. says it was so small as scarce to deserve the name of a chapel. It belonged to the priory of All-Saints, and passed, with the other possessions of that monastery, to the mayor and commons of the city of Dublin. Accordingly the regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory as impropriate in that corporation, and that John Rice., the vicar of Castleknock. served the cure there. After a short interval of attention to this locality, all calculations, ecclesiastical and statistical, were, for a time, swept away in the exciting tumult of a hunt that overran the field of inquiry. The cries of the dogs, the cheers of the huntsmen, the shouts of the panting peasantry, fairly overcame the ordinary habits of thinking mortality, and the antiquary actually bolt- ed somewhat awkwardly into the midst of the pack. He was, however, distanced at the first leap, but pre- sently enjoyed the less dangerous luxury of tracing in the perspective, the windings and stratagems of the timid hare, now bounding on the meadows or scudding through the rugged furze, then lost in fur- rows and ditches, and again suddenly re-appearing in the eventful spring over walls and fences. The views, however, soon becoming doubtful, and the cla- mours faint, the business of the excursion was resumed amidst the woods of ABBOTSTOWX, a denomination partly the fee of Mr. Hamilton of Sheep Hill, and partly of the family of Mr. Locke of Athcroe. The churchvard is gloomily overshadowed with ancient trees, and contains no tombs of conse- quence but those of the Troy family, relatives of the late Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin. DUN SINK. oS9 An inquisition of 1547 finds that the tithes of Abbotstown belonged to the prebendary of Mullaghiddart, and were, with those of Damestown. of the annual value of £11 10.*. In 1615 Walter Don^an was seised of two messuages and sixty acres of ground here, which he held of the king, in capite. at an annual rent ;* and in 1635 Patrick Mapas died, seised of a moiety of this town, which he held under the king, in capite. by military service. In 1669 Abbotstown. with its appurtenances, two castles, six messuages, with their gardens, and seven acres of arable land, or thereabouts, were, with other possessions, granted to William Lord Viscount Dongarj. In 1697 Major Walter Delamer had a erant of a moiety, and one-third of a moiety of Abbotstown. 132a. at £2 13k bd. annual rent, for twenty-one years, which, with a portion of Blanchards- towu, had been forfeited by Edward Sweetman. In 1700 Sir Gregory Byrne. Baronet, claimed the residue of a leasehold interest in Abbotstown, for eighty-one years, from 1627, and his petition was allowed ; while, on the same occasion, Patrick Kinin, John Stanley, and Elizabeth Fitz Patrick, claimed, as the respective heirs of three co-heiresses. Misses Mapas. each an estate in fee in the third of a moiety of Abbotstown. and such their claims were allowed. Christopher Mapas also claimed the other two-thirds of said moiety, as forfeited by Edward Sweetman ; and in 1702 William Cairnes, of Dublin, purchased from the trustees of the forfeited estates the said moiety, and one- third of the other moiety of Abbotstown. 132a., as also the estate of Ed- ward Sweetman. attainted. A very pretty and sequestered road leads hence, overhanging the valley of the Tolka, to DUN SINK, where, on a solid limestone rock, (the site of an an- cient fortress, as its first syllable indicates.) fronting * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 590 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the east, the Observatory for Trinity College has been erected, on the liberal foundation and bequest of Dr. Francis Andrews, once Provost of that establishment. The mercury in the barometer stands there in 0,254 lower than at high water-mark at the Liffey in spring tides, the thermometer being in Dublin 62°, and at the observatory 59°. The horizon is remarkably extensive, without the smallest interruption on any side, save that on the south. The Wicklow mountains, distant about fifteen miles, rise about a degree and a half. These mountains afford a striking advantage when clouds are coming from the south : they are often arrested by them, leaving the space thence to the zenith serene,- while to the east and west, where no such obstacles intervene, all is obscured by a flying scud. Prom east to south-east the sea is visible at the distance of about ten or twelve miles, a circumstance sometimes useful, while the light-house affords opportunities for observations on terrestrial refractions both by night and day. In particular states of the atmosphere, and more especially on the approach of severe weather, the Welch mountains are distinctly visible, particu- larly that ridge of hills which runs south-west to Point Braich-y-pwll, and bounds Caernarvon bay in that direction. In the first volume of the Royal Irish Academy's Transactions is given a very full descrip- tion of this observatory and its instruments, by the late Doctor Usher, to which reference is, in the ex- tension of this work, the more willingly made, as the present Astronomer Royal has stated, that he could not add any thing of general interest or necessary correction to what is there furnished. DUN SINK. 591 The bequest of Dr. Andrews took place in 1774, but was not made available for some years. It amounted to £250 per annum, as a rent-charge for the Professor, and a sum of £3000 for the building and instruments. The first professor appointed was Dr. Henry Usher, who, dying in 1790, was succeeded by the celebrated Dr. Brinkley, subsequently Bishop of Cloyne, and he by the present Sir William Ha- milton. In the ancient notices of this locality it appears that the prior of the noble abbey of Newtown, near Trim, was from a very early period seised thereof ; and that Alicia, sister of Richard de la Corner, Bishop of Meath, having, about the year 1240, founded the religious house of Lismullen, the said prior thereupon endowed that establishment with « the lands of Dunsink," reserving to him- self and the priory only two pounds of wax, or twelve pence an- nually, in lieu thereof.* In 1403 the king granted to Thomas Bandy and Richard Stanyhurst the custody of one messuage and three carucates of land in Dunsink, recited to be then the property of the prior and convent of Little Malvern, in England, as long as the same should be in the king's hands but, as in the recognition of a better title, he subsequently committed the same to the custody of the prioress of the house of the Holy Trinity of Lismullen, £ whom accor- dingly an inquisition of 1542 finds seised of (inter alia) five mes- suages and 240a. here, one messuage and 80a. in Scribblestown, &c. ; and another of 1547, ascertains the value and extent of the tithes of this denomination. The rights and possessions of the prioress of Lismullen were, on the dissolution, demised by King Henry the Eighth, to Sir Thomas Cusack, for a term of years ; the reversion of which was in 1557 granted to Gerald Earl of Kildare, and Mabel, his wife, in tail male. On the failure of the issue male of said Gerald, the reversion having accrued to the crown, § Richard Cooke, Esq. Chancellor of King's MSS. p. 1 16. f Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. X lb. § lb 592 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. the Exchequer, obtained a grant in 1602 of the aforesaid 240a. with the customs in Dunsink, 80a. in Scribblestown. kc. In 1623 Sir Francis Rushe died, seised of the town and fields of Dunsink, then stated as comprising 300a., and Scribblestown 100a., which he held of the king in free and common socage.* Upon his decease his son Thomas succeeded thereto, and dying in 1629, Dunsink and Scribblestown were divided amongst his three daughters and co-heiresses, the eldest of whom was married to Sir Robert Loftus.f In 1827 James Hans Hamilton, Esq. of Sheep Hill, purchased a chief rent of £10 4s. 8|<7., charged upon both these townlands, and is now the chief proprietor of the fee. On the lands here are found abundantly, the juncus conglomeratic, common rush; and juncus eff'usus, soft rush. — On the lawn, the ophioglossum vulgatum, common adder's tongue, flowering in July : and in the neighbouring wet ditches, stellaria uliginosa, bog stich-wort ; cnicus palustris, marsh plume thistle, &c. Passing from Dunsink, on the opposite side of the Tolka, lie the lands of ASHTOWN, where the Education Report of 1826 states a Protes- tant free school as then existing, attended by fifty pupils, and supported by an income of £100 per an- num, defrayed by the trustees of the will of Mr. Mor- gan, hereafter more particularly mentioned. The priory of St. John the Baptist, in Dublin, was from an early period seised of little Ashtown, which, on its dissolution, was granted to Richard Xetterville, Esq. * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. t lb. Cardiff's bridge. 593 In 1663, 152a. of this denomination were purchased from John Connel, of Pelletstown, to be annexed to the Phoenix Park. The remainder of the Connel property here was forfeited by the suc- ceeding heir Maurice, in the confiscations of 1688, and was there- upon, together with 80a. in Irishtown, granted to Counsellor Thomas Keightley. Ashtown gives title of Baron to the Trench fa- mily. Immediately near this, at Cardiff's bridge, or rather Kerdiff's Bridge, over the Tolka, are iron works, which employ about sixteen persons in winter, and ten in summer, in the manufacture of bar iron, spades, and shovels. The place takes its name from the ancient family of Kerdiff, who were settled here and at Dunsink in the sixteenth century. At present the fee of this denomination is in Mr. Segrave. Though classed here in the order of the excursion, this locality has been hitherto accounted in the barony of Nethercross. In the sixteenth century the mill was the property of the Dillons of Cappock. See " Blanchardstown" in the year 1577- The botany of Cardiff's Bridge and its vicinity is exceedingly interesting, presenting on every side sal- via verbenaca, wild clary, the seeds when moistened become enveloped in dense mucilage ; alchemilla vul- garis, common lady's mantle, a plant of which cows are said not to be fond, yet Haller, in his Iter Hel- veticum, says, that the astonishing richness of the milk in the famous dairies of the Alps, described by Scheuch- 2 Q 594 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. zer is attributed altogether to the plenty of this plant, and that of the rib-wort plantain; myosotis arvensis, field scorpion grass; lithospermum officinale, common gromwell ; verbascum thapsus, great mul- lein ; polygonum convolvulus, black bindweed; oxalis acetosella, wood sorrel ; pyrus inalus, wild apple-tree ; rubus corylifolius, hazel-leaved bramble ; car dam hie hirsuta, hairy lady's smock ; brassica napus, rape ; geranium molle, soft crane's bill ; geranium Pyre- naicum, mountain crane's bill ; geranium rotundi- folium, round-leaved crane's bill ; trifolium filiform?, slender yellow trefoil ; lotus corniculatus, common bird's-foot trefoil ; tanasetum vulgare, tansy. — On old walls, glyceria rigida, hard sweet grass. — In the moist fields, lychnis flos cuculi, ragged robin ; cnicus palustris, marsh plume thistle ; scolopendrium vul- gare, common hart's tongue ; scirpus fluitans, float- ing club-rush. At the old mill-race and the hedges and ditches about it, ligustrum vulgare, common privet, deserv- edly ranked amongst the most elegant shrubs ; the leaves are handsome, and the old stay on until driven off by the new. It bears an abundance of white pyra- midal blossoms, which are succeeded by bunches of black berries, in allusion to which Virgil writes — " Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur And in the Pastor Fido it is eulogised, " Amarilli del candido ligustro Piu Candida e piu bella ;" smyrnium olusatrum, Alexanders ; galeobdolon lu- teum, yellow archangel. — On the commons, dipsacus Cardiff's bridge. 595 sylvestris, wild teazel ; chenopodium bonus Henricus, mercury goose-foot. — On the dry pastures, veronica officinalis, common speedwell, with its blue blossoms ; alchemilla arvensis, parsley piert ; potentilla fragari- astrum, barren strawberry. — On the way sides, agri- monia eupatoria, agrimony. In the moist ditches, stellaria uliginosa, bog stffch-wort; polygonum per sicaria, spotted persicaria; epilobium Hirsutum, great hairy willow herb ; Hyperi- cum quadrangulum, square St. John's wort ; sium inundatum, least water parsnip ; juncus conglome- ratus, common rush. — In other old ditches and hedges, rosa arvensis, white trailing rose ; fragaria vesca, strawberry ; geum urbanum, common avens ; meniha hirsuta, hairy mint ; stachys sylvatica, hedge wound- wort ; Hypericum quadrangulum, square St. John's wort ; Hypericum perforatum, perforated St. John's wort ; geranium Robertianum, herb Robert ; picris ecHioides, bristly ox-tongue. — In the old thickets, at the adjacent banks of the Royal Canal, tilia grandi- folia, broad-leaved lime tree. — In the shady, dry places, glecHoma Hederacea, ground ivy ; Hieracium pilosella, common mouse-ear hawkweed. — In the ad- jacent corn-fields, galeopsis tetraliit, common hemp nettle : and in the waste grounds and on the roofs of houses, crepis tectorum, smooth hawk's-beard ; arctium lappa, common burdock ; carduus acantHoides, welted thistle, &c, 2 q 2 596 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. CABRAGH, i. e. the thicket, the last locality in this excursion, is also situated within the barony of Nethercross. Here, in the midst of a well wooded demesne and well improved gardens, was the residence of Lord Norbury of facetious memory. Near it is a more ancient house, formerly the family mansion of the Se- graves, a descendant of whom has still a small inheri- tance in the vicinity. The latter edifice has been, with considerable additions, converted into a nunnery, to which are attached an extensive boarding school for young ladies, and a charity school, for upwards of 150 girls. At the close of the thirteenth century King Edward the First granted the ploughland of Ballygossan, alias Cabragh Hill, to the prior of Holmpatrick. The prior of Ballybogan was also, from an early period, seised of several lands and tenements here, which the king, in 1404, granted to William Stockenbregge, of Dublin.* For a notice in 1420, see at " Palmerstown ;" and in 1484, at " Holmpatrick." In 1487 the inhabitants and landholders of Little Cabragh were, by act of parliament, constituted electors of the city of Dublin. Accordingly, in 1499, Thomas Bermingham, having been sued for subsidy charged on the lands of Little Cabragh, as being within the county of Dublin, pleaded, that by the aforesaid statute the lands of Cabragh were, for the reasons therein men- tioned, made part of the franchises of the city of Dublin ; and that it was thereby enacted, that the inhabitants and tenants of the same should have and enjoy for ever all the liberties and freedoms Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. CABRAGH. 597 of the city, in like manner as the citizens and denizens of same had and enjoyed them ; and further, that the tenants and residents of Cahragh should be thenceforward cleared and discharged of all impositions, taxes, charges, subsidies, &cc. levied or leviable on the county of Dublin ; and that same should only be under the jurisdic- tion of the mayor, kc. of Dublin. This statute he pleaded at full length, and accordingly had judgment of exoneration, as to the lands above named, from all subsidy due in the county.* An inquisition in 1547 ascertained the value and extent of the tithes here, a moiety of which appertained to the economy of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Henry Segrave, or, as the name was more usually spelt, Sedgrave, was then seised of the lands of Little Cab- ragh, described as being " in the county of the city of Dublin," while the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church, being at the same time seised in frankalmoigne of Much-Cabragh, 100a., granted same to Francis Agard in fee.f In 1609 Henry Pierse had a grant of the towns, villages, and lands of Much-Cabragh and Little Cabragh, containing 240a., and therein stated to have been parcel of the possessions of St. Mary's Abbey, also of the town and lands of Kilmactalway, containing a messuage and 60a. the estate of the crown, a water-mill and water- course in the manor of Balgriffin, with all suits of mills and grinding of corn of the " tenants, as well bond as free," of the said manor, parcel of the estate of John Burnell, attainted. f In 1666 John Segrave, of Cabragh, appears among the signers of the Roman Catholic Remonstrance. For a notice of a bequest for a charity school here in 1829, see at " Harold's Cross." On old walls here the botanist will find Valeriana rubra, red valerian ; antirrhinum majus, great snap- dragon, flowering from June to August; cheiranthus fruticulosus, wall flower; convolvulus minor vulgaris, small bindweed. — On the roofs of the houses, sem- * Roll, in Ch. R.ememb. Off, f Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. \ lb. 59S COUNTY OF DUBLIN. perrirum tectorum, house leek : while between this and CmfifTs Bridge are found ton'Iis anthracite, upright hedge parsley : and the late flowering ahhea officinal*?, marsh mallow. The roots of this latter possess well known medical properties. 599 THE FIFTH EXCURSION. Passing the city Marshalsea, the follower of this Excursion enters a district, once covered with the buildings and gardens of a religious house, the most magnificent and wealthy in Ireland — St. Thomas's Abbey. It subsequently delighted the eye yet more, with the busy dwellings of industrious tradesmen, but now only exhibits a densely accumulated pile of ruins, and filth, and poverty. Thence, through the Tenter Fields, and over the Earl of Meath's Liberties, into THE BAR OX Y OF NEWCASTLE. This barony has been assessed, according to the Return of 1S24, as comprising 19?033a., of which 2723a. were deemed waste. It is ecclesiastically classed in eleven parishes, and those civilly subdi- vided into sixty-three townlands. The parishes are Saggard, Newcastle, Kilmactalway, Esker, Rathtarn- ham, Lucan, Kilmainham, Ballyfermot, Palmerstown, Cruagh, and Crumlin. The whole surface of this district rests on limestone, is level, and well watered by the rivers Liffey and Dodder. In 1537 Justice Luttrel, detailing the circumstances of the Pale, says of this barony: — Item, where the opinion of many is. 600 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. that the borders is best defended by kerns and galloglasses, ex- perience do shew, in my conceit, otherwise ; for the barony of Newcastle, adjoining to the Tooles, by the English husbands, inhabitants, and copy-freeholders thereof, and their great and sure villages, with their English bows and bills, have better defended the same marches, having no holding of no kern, horsemen, nor galloglasses, than any other march in this land, and yet they live still after an English sort and manner/'* In 1641 the quantity of land forfeited in this barony, was re- turned as 14,S70 profitable acres, and 210 unprofitable, while the glebe-land was represented as 8a. 2r. Op. The Down Survey, consequent upon those forfeitures, assigns the following as the mearings of this barony, and that of Uppercross. B On the north and north-east, they are bounded by the baronies of Dunboyne, Castleknock, Coolock, the river Liffey. and the liberties and city of Dublin. On the east and south-east by the half-barony of Rathdown in the county of Dublin and Wicklow county, on the south with the barony of Taibotstown, and on the south-west and north-west by the barony of Salt in the county of Kildare." The first county locality worthy of notice within it, in this direction, is dolphin's barns. Though, connected as this is with the ruinous Liberties before-mentioned, it seems rather a portion of the worst part of the city, yet, under its more ancient name of Carnaclogh, it discloses some interesting associations. At one end of this suburb is a small chapel, and at the other, a printers' asylum was esta- blished in 1S32. Here in 1170. Dermot Mac Murrough. with the first army of his Welch allies, extending from Kilmainham. appeared in for- State Papers, temp. Hen. VIII. p. 507. DOLPHIN'S BARNS. 601 midable array before the city, here entrenched himself in the shadow of its walls, and here received the timid supplications of its inhabitants, to avert the consequences of a battle. Amongst the mediators on this occasion, the celebrated Archbishop Lau- rence O'Toole was especially commissioned to arrange the terms of peace, but, while the subject was yet under discussion, Raymond le Gros and Milo de Cogan, with a party of young men who were eager for plunder, scaled the walls, and at once possessed them- selves of the city, with frightful carnage.* The Ostmen, how- ever, who were its principal defenders, and in truth its governors, escaped in their shipping to the Northern islands, with Hasculph, their leader, and whatever riches they possessed or could collect. In 1612 the king granted to the Provost, Fellows, and Scho- lars of Trinity College, Dublin, and their successors (inter a/?«), a park or close, and 84a. in Kilmainham, together with certain premises in this locality, to hold of the Castle of Dublin in com- mon socage. In 1666 James Duke of York had a grant of a mill here, and 40a. plantation measure adjoining ; which were, on his attainder, granted in 1703 partly to William Hall of Dolphin's Bams, and the residue to Henry Piercy of Dublin. In 1700 Oliver Cheney claimed the benefit of a leasehold in- terest in a portion of this denomination, but his petition was dis- missed, while that of the above William Hall, for a similar interest in the mill and 27a. was allowed. In 1727 Colonel Montgomery bequeathed to Doctor Stevens's hospital, a field of about an acre, and a right of commonage in Dolphin's Barns, which have continued in the possession of its governors since his decease. For a notice in 1728, see M Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin" at that year. In quarries adjacent to this locality^ brown spar occurs in veins,f while the botanist will find in the shady places, galeobdolon luteum, yellow archangel, flowering in May and June. — In the hedges, eheli- * Girald. Canibr. p. 770. + Trans. Geol. Soc. vol. I p. 272. 602 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. (Ionium minus, pilewort. — On the walls., erica syl- cestris vulgaris, common wild rocket. — And on the banks of the canal hence to Portobello, car ex remota, remote sedge ; and care:/: pendula. pendulous sedge, dowering in May and June. From Dolphin's Bams, the course descends into the valley, and next re-ascends to the sweetly situated village of KILMAINHAM, on whose highest point is situated an extensive and well-constructed gaol, and a sessions' house for the county business, where, likewise, the elections for its members take place. A manor court is also held here, the bounds of whose jurisdiction embrace Irwin- street, part of James's-street, and other minor streets, forming continuous lines of houses between the city, properly so called, and the Circular Road ; no por- tion of it, however, is within the county of the city; westward it extends into the county as far as Chapel- izod and Lucan. That excellent resident nobleman, Lord Cloncurry, being its proprietor, appoints the seneschal. The cemetery is, perhaps, the most extensive in the British empire, comprising three acres and a half of the old Irish measure. It commands a noble view of the crowded city, the winding LhTey, and all the improvements of the Viceregal Park, but the sense of what is present is there absorbed in the re- collections of the past ; the silent, sequestered grave- K1LMAINHAM. 603 vard wears the moral sublimity of its yicissitudes, and the old trees eloquently discourse with the winds, of the destinies they haye survived, and the dead they overshadow. Here the founder of the illustrious race of O'Brien sat down with his few, but fearless followers, for one whole year, before the memorable battle that emanci- pated his country. Here, in the very eye of her tyrants, he gathered those companions in arms, who, with his guidance and example, effectuated the glo- rious achievement, and here tradition still points to a singularly tall headstone in the cemetery, as marking the spot where was interred his beloved son, the vic- tim of his own generosity. Another century and an half having passed away, a far different scene was enacted on this same theatre. Here the dissolute and discontented Derinot Mac Murrough assembled the first importation of his Welch adventurers, me- naced the metropolis, and ultimately became accessary to that treacherous visitation of slaughter, detailed in the preceding article. Here the stern Strongbow founded that military monastery, whose priors were influential lords of the Irish parliament, and frequently the governors and chancellors of the island. Here they walked abroad in their days of nature, the mi- tred chieftains of extensive territories, surrounded by those votive knights, who had torn the crescent from the walls of Jerusalem, and in this, as the last dormi- tory, the religious enthusiasm, that hurried them over the world, found its ultimate repose with the frames it animated. On this spot of earth, in the fifteenth 604 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. century, the prior mustered those illustrious Irishmen that did such commended service with the Fifth Henry, before the stubborn walls of Rouen. But, " the pride of former days" is gone, the gardens and the monastery, once the finest structure in the kingdom, have vanished ; even the sod, that was laid over the distinguished brave, has for centuries, in the impar- tiality of death's victories, been raised for pauper inhu- mation, and, in the recent awful infliction of cholera, the mass of its victims was here deposited. The prospect, however, still wears features of a deep, but different interest ; the natural attractions of river, valley, woods, and hills remain, but the spectator now beholds them embellished by an extended and beau- tified city, a royal park dedicated to public recreation, thriving and extensive factories, and, in the imme- diate vicinity, some of the finest institutions of national gratitude and private benevolence. The parish is also called Kilmainham, and has been assessed to the ancient subsidies, and the more modern road present- ments, as extending over 1200a., of which, 441a. are included in the Phoenix Park. In 1606 St. Magnend, whose festival is observed on the 18th of December, was abbot of this place,* to which he gave the name Kill-Magnend, corrupted into Kilmainham ; and in 782 the Annals of the Four Masters record the death of Leargus O'Fidhchain, philosopher of Kilmagnend. In 1013 the Danes of Dublin, aided by the King of Leinster, having ravaged Meath, Melaghlin, king of that province, applied to the monarch, Brian Boroimhe, for assistance, who thereupon marched his army into Leinster, and pitched his camp at Kilmain- * Acta Sanct. pp. 584 and 713. KILMAINHAM. G05 ham, (as before suggested,) where he remained from the August of that year until Christmas, but finding he could not succeed in bringing the Danes or Lagenians to action, he then broke up his quarters and returned, laden, however, with spoils and prisoners, to his celebrated palace at Kincora. In 1014, according to popular tradition, his son Murrough, who was killed at the battle of Clontarf, was buried here near an an- cient stone cross,* and a remarkably tall headstone is still desig- nated as commemorating his grave. It is of coarse-grained granite. About forty years ago, having fallen from its pedestal, it was again set up, on which occasion a number of coins of the Danish kings, the only minted money known in Ireland in the eleventh century, were found at its base ; and with them a fine sword of the same period, possibly that of the prince. The latter relic of antiquity was deposited with the Commander of the Forces, who had it placed in the hall belonging to his apartments, where it still re- mains. For further particulars relative to Kilmainham, see "Clon- tarf," and the account of the celebrated battle there. Here it was that, after that engagement, the victors encamped, and were joined by Donogh, the son of Brian, who had been sent on a pre- datory expedition into Leinster, whence he returned with immense booty, out of which he forthwith caused several rich offerings to be presented, in pious remembrance of his father and brother, to the Archbishop of Armagh, and the religious community esta- blished there. Contrasting this Easter of chastened triumph, which the gallant deliverers of their country passed here, with the servile despondence with which Danish tyranny was endured in the sister country, Mr. Moore writes : — " The very same year, which saw Ireland pouring forth her assembled princes and clans to confront the invader on the sea-shore, and there make of his myriads a warning example to all future intruders, beheld England unwor- thily cowering under a similar visitation, her king a fugitive from the scourge in foreign lands, and her nobles purchasing by inglo- rious tribute a short respite from aggression ; and, while in the English annals for this year, we find little else than piteous lamen- tations over the fallen and broken spirit both of rulers and people, Harris's Dublin. GOG COUNTY OF DUBLIN. in the records of Ireland the only sorrows, which appear to have mingled with the general triumph, are those breathed at the tombs of the veteran monarch, and the numerous chieftains who fell in that struggle by his side."* When Dublin was besieged by Roderic O'Conor and his ad- herents, the Prince of Thomond took his station at Kilmainham, and soon afterwards Strongbow founded here, on the site of the ancient abbey, a house for Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem,! to which King Henry the Second granted his confir- mation, and further exempted the establishment from all ordinary jurisdiction. Attached to this priory were an alms-house and hos- pital for the sick.J Hugh de Clahull was the first prior. King Henry the Second having subsequently enfeoffed Hugh Tyrrel the elder in the lands of Kilmahallock, with the appurte- nances, together with the moiety of the river Liffey, as far as the water-course near the gallows, Hugh bestowed the said lands on the prior of this hospital, and, with the concurrence of his brother Roger, further granted to said prior, Chapelizod and Kilmainham free from all secular services and burdens, with all liberties and free customs in wood, meadows, pastures, Sec. The witnesses to this latter deed (it may be interesting to remark) were Richard Tyrrel, William de Ryvers, Pagan Hacket, ice. The first witness was the son of the grantor Hugh, and he confirmed his father's donation by a subsequent deed. The order of Knights Templars, it is here to be observed, was founded in Jerusalem, in 1118, for the security of the Christian pilgrims ; and having a residence assigned to them near the Holy Temple, by King Baldwin, they took from it their name. They made professions in the presence of the patriarch, following first the rules of the Canons Regular, but subsequently others pre- scribed for their use by St. Bernard. In 1194 David was the second prior of this house. In 1200 King John granted in favour of the city of Dublin, that neither the Knights Templars nor the Hospitallers should * Moore's Hist, of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 127. f For an account of this order, see ante, "Clontarf." \ Archbishop King's MSS. p. 1. KILMAINHAM. 607 hold any person or any messuage whatsoever exempt from the common customs of the city, one alone excepted. In two years afterwards the Hospitallers of this house gave the kins two •'•'pal- freys." in consideration of their obtaining a patent exempting them from beins impleaded elsewhere than before his majesty.* In 1205 Maurice de Prendergast was prior; and in the same year Jordan Lochant had a grant to him and his heirs of certain lands in Kilmainham.f In 1211 Walter de Lacy save the advow- son of the church of St. Columb of Kells, and nine carucates of laud, in the manor of Kells. to David de Castelle, then prior of this house ; and in 1212 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed all the possessions of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in Ireland. In 1220 William de Evoyayes was prior of this house: and for a no- tice in this year regarding the adjacent fishery, see at * the Lufev.*' In 1228 King Henry granted to the knights the advowson of the church of Chapel-Izod, and a full exemption from toll in mar- kets and fairs.j In 1231 John de Callan was prior. In 1235 a contest between this priory and the Bishop of Meath, concerning the right of patronage to the churches of Movlash. Do- nagh-Patrick, Taveragh, Kells, Dungrey. Ardmulchan, Leckno, Kiltanton, Dromore, Dullardstown, and Kinevellane, was thus awarded : — To the knights. Moylagh. saving to the vicar twelve marks ; Donagh-Patrick, saving to the vicar fifteen marks ; Tave- ragh, saving to the vicar ten marks ; Leckno and Dungrey, saving to the vicars, according to their incomes ; four marks yearly were also adjudged to be paid to the priory out of Kiltalton ; but the knights were for ever to quit claim to Kells, Ardmulchan, Dro- more, Dullardstown, and Kinevellane. In 1248 Nicholas de St. Edward, then prior, made a mutual league of friendship with the prior of the Holy Trinity, to assist and defend each other and their properties on all lawful occasions. His immediate successor was Thomas de Hackenwell, who died soon after. In 1249 Pope Innocent the Fourth directed a bull to the ab- bot of St. Thomas. Dublin, and the dean of the cathedral church * Rot. 3 John in Turr. Lend. I Rot. Ciau?. in Cane. Hib. t R~>t. in Turr. Lond. 60S COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. of Kildarc. enjoining them to inquire into a complaint *made bv the preceptor of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, setting forth, that Thomas de Eymule, clerk, Richard de Haddesore, knight, and some other persons of the dioceses of Armagh, Deny, and Dublin, had greatly injured the said knights in their lawful possession of the churches of Dunbeaghi, Dunler, and Keren, to them of full right belonging, in their tithes, possessions, ice, and ordering the said referees to rectify the whole matter of complaint. In 1253 this fraternity obtained a most ample charter of privi- leges and protection from King Henry. In 1260 Henry Kyriell died, prior of this house. In 1274 William Fitz Roger, the prior, was taken prisoner with several others, by the Irish, at Glyndelory, when many of the friars were slain. In 1279 this prior, having departed for the Holy Land, was commanded by the king to return to Ireland for the defence of the kingdom. He alleged, however, that his superior, Hugh Revell, had, on the other hand, commanded that he should repair to him in the Holy Land, whereupon the king, by his sove- reign authority, enforced his mandate of return, under pain of having all the lands and goods belonging to the priory seized and confiscated.* The prior, in this dilemma, preferred obeying the roval mandate, and was thereupon, in the same year, constituted justice in eyre for a portion of Munster. In 1280 King Edward confirmed the privileges and possessions of this house ; and in 1284 Nicholas Taaffe granted all his lands of Killergy to its master, who in 12S9 recovered from the abbot of Dunbrody five carucates of land in Crook. In 1292 William Fitz Roger, who still continued prior, was chief justice. On his secession, Thomas de Hockewell was prior, who presented to this hospital all his lands and tenements in Cloghran-garran, Sanfinvil. and Ballypian, together with the com- monage of the Red Moor.f In the following year, David de Castelle was prior. In 1294 the name of William Fitz Roger again occurs as prior, and in the following year he sued William, the son of Richard de Crock, and Isabella his wife, for the moiety of a messuage with its * Rymer's Foedera, v. iii. p. 174. t King s MSS. P . 69. KILMAIXHAM. 609 appurtenances in Corballysward, he also sued Roger Fitz Thomas for the moiety of another messuage in the same town, alleging that both of them were the right and property of this hospital, and unjustly alienated. In the same year he sued Reis de Stokes for thirteen acres of land in Athcarne, similarly alienated. In 1296 William de Rosse, prior of this house, was made Lord Deputy of Ireland, in which office he continued during the follow- ing year. In 1298 William de Hagham, the prior, was custos or guardian of the hereditary estate of David de Rupe, in which year Elias de Bristow released to this prior all his right in three messuages and seven shops, with their appurtenances in Dublin, together with all other lands and tenements which he might after- wards acquire in Ireland.* In 1300 William de Lisbon granted to this priory all his lands of Clonmore, Fermofin, Map'herenlin. and Ternagarran, to- gether with the town of Corriglidan ; soon after which, Walter de Euias was prior.f This latter presented a clerk to the church of Stackfythenan, who was to pay thereout annually to the prior and hospital, the sum of five shillings. In 1301 William de Rosse was again prior and Lord Deputy of Ireland, and sat as Chief Justice at Cork. He recovered for the priory two carucates and thirty acres of land, with their ap- purtenances, in Loohdavekin in the county of Waterford.J In the same year, Matilda de Lacy, widow of David, Baron of Naas, for the health of her soul, and the souls of her husband, father, and mother, granted to this priory forty acres of land in Cooly, together with the advowson of the church of Carlingford, free from all secular services and demands : — Witnesses, Henry de Hadley, Gilbert de Penthony, Hadsore. Adam de Staunton, William Talon, Simon de Clinton, John Saule, Richard Fairstawe, Roger Gernon, knight, John de Coly.§ Szc, and in the same year the prior granted to the Archbishop of xlrmagh, the advowson of the church of Barnemyth (Barmeath). In 1302 William, Master of the Templars, preferred his com- plaint against John Woodlock, sheriff of the county of Dublin, and others, for that they had seised of his, the said Master's goods * King's MSS. f lb. \ lb. § lb. 2 R 610 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and property, sixteen cows and 279 hogrils, and sold each cow, which was worth half a mark, for four shillings, and each hogril, which was worth eighteen pence, for eight pence. The defendant answered, that he was enjoined by the Court of Exchequer, to levy twenty marks on the Master, in which sum he was fined for not appearing with such forces and men-at-arms, as he was assessed at by the King's Council. The preceptor of the religious house at Clontarf appeared and showed that the Master and his prede- cessors were, by charters granted by two kings of England, al- ways free from that burthen, and the sheriff was therefore cast, and damages given against him for £6 195. 6d.* In the following year Richard de Kerby, prior, sued the Abbot of Loughkee, for the advowson of the church of Stigaugh.f In 1304 the said prior granted to Simon Taveny, the great tithes of the church of Clare, at the annual rent of thirty-four marks, he keeping the buildings thereon in good order and condi- tion ; and at the same time, the prior recovered from William Spinell six acres of land, and from Geoffry Bryn one messuage, all in St. Johnstown near Tullyophelim, which they held for ser- vices for a term then expired. In 1307 Walter de Waters being prior, Edward the Second transmitted to John Wogan, Justiciary of Ireland, the order for the suppression of the Knights Templars in England, enjoining him to have the same executed in Ireland without delay, and be- fore the rumour of what was done in England could reach this kingdom. The mandate was accordingly executed, and on the morrow of the Purification, the Templars were every where seized. At this time the fraternity had, besides this house, eight precep- tories or commanderies throughout the island. See more largely on this suppression, at " Clontarf." For records of Kilmainham in 1308 and 1309, see at " Chapelizod." In the latter year, the king further commanded the apprehen- sion of the Templars in Ireland, and their imprisonment in the castle of Dublin. Gerald, the fourth son of Maurice Lord of Kerry, was the last grand prior of that order. At which time, it was found that the churches of Crevagh (Cruagh), in the deanery King's MSS. tib. KILMAINHAM. Gil of Tawny, Chapelizod, Ballyfermot, Kilmainham, Tachfithenan, and Rathnavis, did all belong to this priory.* In 1310 the prior of this house was one of those who sat in the parliament of Kilkenny, some of whose enactments are yet ex- tant.f In the following year, on the petition of Henry Danet, late Master of the Templars, and the other brethren of that order, the king granted for their support the manors of Kilclogan, Crooke, and Kilbarry ;{ while this priory, which was granted to the knights of the order of St. John the Baptist formally, but in fact to the order of St. John the Evangelist, was principally appropriated for the reception of guests and strangers, to the exclusion of the sick and infirm who had constant admittance there before ; the offer- ings of charity, however, still continued to be liberally disbursed at its gates. In 1316 Roger Utlaugh was prior under the new order of things, and in the following year the manor of Chapel-Izod was granted to him in fee-farm, at the annual rent of forty marks, saving to the crown the knights' fees and advowsons of churches.§ In 1318 he was Lord Treasurer of Ireland, and bound himself and his successors in the sum of £300, to permit the Archbishop of Dublin, or, during vacancy, the chapter, to exercise episcopal jurisdiction, and the archdeacon his rights in Rathmore and the neighbouring churches. He soon afterwards further stipulated for the annual payment of ten pounds of wax on St. Patrick's day, by way of pension, for the church of Rathmore, and, in case of failure in the payment thereof, the chapters w r ere empowered to sequester the tithes of that parish. || In 1317 the Lord Deputy assembled a parliament here, one of whose first acts was to liberate Richard de Burgo, Earl of Uls- ter, who had been arrested and imprisoned by the mayor and commons of Dublin, on suspicion of having solicited the invasion of Bruce and his Scots. In the following year, King Edward, on account of the great charitable disbursements issuing from this establishment, granted that all deodands, accruing in Ireland for the ensuing year, should be paid towards the support of the poor * King's MSS. f Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. % King's MSS. § Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. || Dign. Dec. 2 u 2 612 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. flocking to its fraternity. For a notice of Kilmainham in 1318, see at " Chapelizod." In 1320 the prior sued William Taaffe of Smarmor, for acaru- cate of land in Croynkstown near Lumleth, which he held bv certain services, and which being neglected, the grant became null and void. On the same account, he sued Richard Ryther for a mill and three acres of land in St. Johnstown near Cork. In the four following years, this prior was Lord Chancellor of Ireland, about which time the churches of Ardmaile and Ballysheehan, in the county of Tipperary, were found to belong to the Knights Templars.* In 1323 John de Lymbeth granted to the hospital, sixty-two carucates of land in Colinstown near Moreton, at the usual ser- vices, and at the annual rent of £1 16s. 8d.f In 1324 the prior of this house, and Nicholas, Bishop of Ardfert, held the town of Ardfert in division between them, in like manner as their pre- decessors had done.}: The registry of the charters of this hospital, from 1325 to 1350, is in the Clarendon Manuscripts. In 1326 Roger Utlaugh, the prior, was again Lord Chancellor, in which year he granted to Master Nicholas de Ross, a civilian, an annual pension of twenty shillings in silver, for defending the rights of the hospital in the ecclesiastical court, but at the cost and charge of the said hospital ; and in the same year he assigned to William de Wideworth, a messuage in the city of Dublin, " near le Bothe-street, (now called Fishamble-street), opposite to the pillory."§ By an inquisition of like date, it was found that Henry de Cogan, in the reign of Henry the Third, granted to William Fitz Roger, prior of this hospital, three messuages, with their appurtenances, in Shandon in the county of Cork, in perpe- tuity, which were subsequently demised by the priors. In 1327 Roger L T tlaugh, continuing in the offices of Prior and Lord Chancellor, was likewise appointed Lord Deputy, soon after which he was accused of heresy by the Bishop of Ossory, but was. on examination of the charges, honourably acquitted, and conti- nued in his hisrh offices. In the same vear the kins' confirmed the possessions of this house ; in 1331 further granted to this priory * King's MSS. f lb. X lb. § lb. K1LMAINHAM. 613 the advowson of the church of Ballyogarry in the diocese of Dub- lin, with the appurtenances thereunto belonging ; and in the fol- lowing year issued a commission to the prior, to treat with the heads of the Irish rebels, and to receive them into his special grace and favour, on such terms as he, the prior, should think most expedient, and on promises of future obedience and alle- giance.* In 1333 this fraternity had another royal confirmation of their possessions, and in the same year, on account of the good services done for this house by William de Kardelby, the prior granted him an annuity of £40, with power, if it should be in arrear for fifteen days, of making a distress on either the house of Kilmain- ham or that of Kilmainhambeg.f In 1334 Roger Utlaugh, still continuing Prior and Lord Chan- cellor, granted to John Joyce, chaplain, the church of St. Michael, Wexford, with all the profits thereof for life, at the annual rent of four marks of silver, he taking proper care that the church should be well attended, and all taxes, burdens, 6cc. thereunto belonging duly discharged. In 1335 the same prior and chancellor was made deputy to Sir John D'Arcy, Lord Justice of Ireland, in which year he granted an annual pension of 13s. Ad. to Adam de Kings- ton, clerk and public notary, to execute the business of the priory whenever he should be required, at their proper charge. He also assigned to Bartleby Clarke for life, the church of Ballyogarry with its profits, in lieu of a pension of £40 formerly given to him; and to Hamond de Lee he granted the office of park-keeper of Kilmainham, with the daily allowance of a white loaf, and a house- hold loaf, a flaggon of the best ale, and one of the second kind, and a dish of meat from the kitchen, with half a mark of silver annually for shoes.f In 1388 Utlaugh further granted to Master Walter de Islip for life, a corrody or entertainment for himself, two armigers or upper servants, a chamberlain, and another ser- vant, five boys and five horses; the said Walter to sit on the right hand of the prior at his own table, thereby to be more commo- diously served, as well in eating as drinking ; the chaplain to have his place at the table with the brethren of the house, and the set- * Pn nne, 4th Instit. p. 270. t King's M^S. 614 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. vants with those of the prior of the same rank ; that his pad and other horses should have the same forage, &c. with the prior's ; that at the feast of the Nativity he should have annually a gown, and four garments of the better kind of cloth, the same as the prior's, or in lieu thereof, five marks of silver, at his own option ; that the chaplain should be clothed in like manner as the brethren, and the servants as those of the prior, one suit at the feast of the Nativity, in every second year, or oftener if the prior should make a distribution of clothes, or allowances in silver in case such cloth- ing was not so given, with certain quantities of bread and ale, and from the kitchen beef, mutton, or pork, raw or dressed, at his own option, together with roast meat or soup, and that his servants should have the same fare as the prior's ; that he should have a kitchen, stable, &c* Other grants of similar corrodies occur in the records of this house. In 1340 the aforesaid Roger Utlaugh, being then Prior, Chancellor, and Lord Justice of Ireland, died at Any, " a prudent and an upright man, who, by his care and the special favour and license of the king, had procured many lands, churches, and rents for this order."f He was succeeded by John Mareschall. In 1341 John le Archer was Prior and Lord Chancellor, at which time he sued the Archbishop of Dublin for the church of Dunbyn. The parties waged their battle, and appointed cham- pions, but the suit was compromised. In 1342 this prior and Thomas Wogan were sent to King Edward the Third from the parliament of Kilkenny, in reference to the redress of several mis- demeanors and grievances committed by the king's officers, and much to the prejudice of his majesty and his good subjects. The Council, thereupon, gave their answers, which obtaining the royal assent, were commanded to be observed in Ireland for the future. In 1344 the same prior was again Lord Chancellor, as also in the following year. In 1346, on Palm Sunday, Sir Ralph de Ufford, Lord Justice of Ireland, died in this priory. His body was carried to England, and there interred. J The prior le Archer was thereupon appointed his successor, about which time he and his brethren of the Hospi- * King's MSS. t Clynne's Annals. % lb. K1LMAINHAM. 615 tal claimed many and singular privileges in their manors and lands. In the same year the prior granted a subsidy of forty marks, the better to enable the king to resist his Irish enemies.* In 1348 John Tyllock, being prior, recovered from John Rych a tenement in John-street, Cork.f In 1349 John le Archer was again prior and chancellor, in the enjoyment of which offices he died, whereupon the preceptor of the Hospital, William de Chi- chester appeared in court before the judges, and there delivered up the great seal.f John Fitz Richard succeeded as prior. He and a friar of the Hospital were sued, as the record states, for un- justly detaining Two pieces of cloth of murray, value . . 10 marks. One piece of cloth, called bockhome . . 20 shillings. Twelve yards of cloth — value of each yard, 2 shillings. One hundred yards of canace — price of do. 3 shillings. One piece of buckram, value .... half a mark. Two pounds of saffron 10 shillings. Two pounds of ginger 40 pence. Two pounds of pepper 3 shillings. Two pounds of Wibourne thread ... 3 shillings. Two pounds of thread, called bithrede . 3 shillings. The result of this curious accusation is not recorded. In 1356 John deFrowick, the Prior, was also Lord Chancellor.§ In the following year Thomas de Burley was Prior and Lord Chan- cellor for a short time, when John de Frowick was again appointed to these offices,] and a confirmation of their privileges was granted to this fraternity.^ In 1359 Thomas de Burley was re-appointed Prior and Lord Chancellor, both which offices he held conjointly until 1363, and continued prior long after.** In the same year (1359) Thomas Cor and his sons, William and Roger, having forged letters of credence from this prior, purporting to appoint them the collectors of charitable funds for this establishment, the king issued his mandate for their apprehension and imprison- ment.ff * King's MSS. f lb. \ lb. § Harris's Table. || lb. %Vo. ** lb. tt Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 016 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1360 the guardian of this priory was summoned to attend a great council held at Dublin ;* in which year the prior petitioned the king, setting forth, that although the manor of the Salmon Leap was held by him in fee farm from the crown, free from secu- lar assessments, yet the collectors of a state subsidy had compelled his tenants to contribute thereto, whereupon a supersedeas issued to prevent the exaction.f It also appears by a record of this pe- riod, that the prior was then seised of a messuage and two caru- cates of land in the Naul ; and in the same year the king issued his mandate for restoring to the hospital various lands and rents which had been aliened from it. J In 1363 a precept issued to the sheriff of the county of Water- ford, to distrain the goods, and to take into safe custody the bodies of John Malpas, mayor of Waterford, and William Lombard and Richard Brysbane, bailiffs of the said city, being charged with taking toll of the goods belonging to the Prior and Hospital of Kilmainham, and exposing them to public sale in the said city of Waterford.§ From records of 1365 it appears, that the prior's salary of chan- cellor was paid by an acquittance for £40 out of the rent payable by him for the manors of the Salmon Leap and Chapel-Izod. In 1368 Thomas de Burley, being still Prior and Lord Chancel- lor, was sent by the Lord Deputy, in conjunction with several other commissioners, to hold a parley with " the rebellious Berming- hams," who treacherously seized the said commissioners. James Bermingham, then a prisoner at Trim, was thereupon exchanged for the prior, but the others were compelled to pay their ransom. J In 1371 William Tany was Prior, and in the succeeding year was Lord Chancellor and Lord Deputy, all which offices he held until the close of the year 1373. In the Close Rolls occur fre- quent liberates for his salary of £40 per annum. In 1373 and 1375 the prior was summoned to parliaments held in Dublin ; r and in 1376 had exemption from the performance of military ser- vice for the possessions of his house, in consideration of the nume- rous chaplains maintained in the establishment for divine service, * Rot. Claus. in Cane. Hib. § King's MSS. f Rot. in Cane. Hib. f lb. X Rot. in Turr. Lond. || Cox's Hist, of Ireland. KILMAINHA.M. 617 and the works of charity performed there.* In 1377 he was asrain summoned to attend a parliament at Castledermot.f In 1379 Peter Holt appears as prior for a short time, when Wiiliam Tany was re-appointed, and in the succeeding year sworn Lord Chancellor; soon after which Maurice de Prendergast became Master of this Hospital,J and in 1380 was summoned to attend a parliament in Dublin, § as also in 1381.;, In 1386 Richard White was prior, and in the following year was Lord Chancellor and Lord Justice, to which appointments was added the office of Lord Treasurer in 1388. In 1394 his brother, Richard White, was appointed prior ; and in 1396 was found, on inquisition, possessed of the churches of Ballygaveran and Galmoy, in the diocese of Ossory.^ In 1397 Peter Holt was prior, as was Robert White in 1400, who in the following year was succeeded by Thomas le Bottiller, commonly called Boccagh, an illegitimate son of James Earl of Ormonde. In 1402 Robert White was again prior, and in 1403 was, with Gerald Earl of Kildare, and nine of the principal men of the kingdom, selected by the clergy of the diocese of Kildare, and by the chief persons of that county, in a council held before the Lord Deputy at the new castle of Lyons, to order and settle mat- ters for the safety and defence of said county. In 1408 Lord Thomas of Lancaster was wounded at Kilmain- ham, and u hardly escaped death."** In 1410 and the three fol- lowing years Thomas le Bottiller was Prior and Lord Chancellor. In 1414 King Henry the Fifth granted to Sir Walter de la Hoyde for life the annual sum of forty marks, payable by the prior of this hospital for the manors of Salmon Leap and Chapel-Izod. In 1415 William Fitz Thomas was Prior and Lord Chancellor, and so continued during several ensuing years; and in 1417 Prior Fitz Thomas was a witness to the king's charter granted to the city of Dublin. In 1418, according to sundry ancient chronicles, Thomas Bot- tiller, being again the Prior of Kilmainham, came out of Ireland"' Rot. in Cane. Hib. t lb. § Rot. in Cane. Hib. || lb. ** Marleburgh's Chronicle. J King's MSS. J King s MSS. DlS COCNTY OF DTBLLV. at the it :hf hi of Irish 4. as that they kept the war which fed from the to St. Re- King Henry the Fifth of Lyons, while Hall S that "they cfidso In 1419 this wjxlike prior. harins died in b tha: by John Fita Henry. In 1436 Thomas Fit* Gerald, zranison of prior ; at which time, the so this hospital iad valued 1: 10O maris per sn-u- : the ki-z"= han-is. and 50 dow* m 1444. :": £3w ;j :ne saii F-z Gerald Earl of In MM the poor of -. - Ear/:: Ormonde of In 1441 two of the b r others of this prior, with a body of - Irish ■ English rebels." forming an ambuscade "at KUcock. -:•:£ prisoner Sir Willie- WeHesIey. Dec-cry Lord slew mam* of his train, an i detained himself . : r. -7 tne to " Fit* Gerald wis 145* ^hen Sir Thomas Talbot Mxr*U, as did in MO, against whom, mimetfiatevy on ins mdoctkuL? Sir IT I I Depirty Lord Treasurer and Jus*: :e : : the Chief Bench. M rma^ji to nipca.n ei * : ; i;„L::r:L a~r." " _'. KILMAINHAM. 619 mage to St. Glanoke's, he was assaulted near Clonliffe, on the road from Dublin, by the said prior, with a drawn sword, and that said prior refused to appear and answer the king for the contempt, or him, Dowdall, for the trespass. On this complaint it was enacted, that proclamation should be made for said prior to appear in per- son in the Chief Bench on a given day, to make answer thereto, and, if he did not so appear, he should be convicted, and pay a fine of £100 to the king, and 100 marks to Sir Robert for damages. This act was, however, declared void in the following year, no mention being made in which Chief Bench he should appear, whe- ther in Ireland or in England ; and the said prior being then in England by the king's command, attending business relating to the good and prosperity of this realm. At the same parliament, on the petition of this prior, all manner of feoffments, leases, grants of fees for annuities, rent-charges, &c. made under the common seal of the Hospital by Thomas Fitz Gerald or by Thomas Talbot, were declared void, Keating alleging, that the said Fitz Gerald and Talbot were not legal priors.* A further act of favour was passed, confirming all privileges, grants, and free gifts, made to the prior and friars of Kilmainham, from the time of King John, with the exemplifications of their several grants.f In the Act of Resumption of 1468, a saving was introduced, that it should not be prejudicial to the prior of this Hospital, in the receipt of an annuity of twenty marks, granted by the king to John Cornwalsh and others, in trust for the use of said prior, out of the manors and seigniories of Chapel-Izod and Leixlip, nor to a grant lately made to said prior of sundry mines within the lands of said Hospital, nor to any pardon granted to him, nor any grant made to the College of Kilmainham, it being a royal foundation. { In 1471 the lands of Hawlegeth, with the church of St. Fittan, which had been granted to this Hospital by Richard Reade, were confirmed to them by act of parliament. Another act enabled the fraternity to purchase or take certain estates, notwithstanding the statute of Mortmain. A third discharged them from all liability to subsidies on account of grants from King Henry the Third and other kings. A fourth statute obliged all persons claiming rights * Harris's MS. Collections, vol. v. t lb. J lb. C20 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. to churches or lands, devised in frankalmoigne to this Hospital, to appear on an appointed day before the Justice of the Chief Bench, and establish their right, or else to be foreclosed. A further pro- tection was passed in their behalf respecting a grant made of the church of St. John, in the town of Wexford, by William Mar- shal, Earl of Pembroke ; while it was also enacted, that Prior Keating should be obliged, notwithstanding his privilege, to appear in the Chief Bench, and answer Malachy Malone, Dean of Kil- dare, in a suit for a lease of the commandery of Tully. In 1474 an individual, styled Dr. Marcellus, a foreigner from Rome, was, under an act of parliament, compelled to depart the kingdom, and whoever should receive or entertain him were sub- jected to the consequences of felony. The act, however, contained a saving, that it should not prejudice this Hospital, of which the prior taking advantage, sheltered Marcellus, until a fresh enact- ment prohibited the continuance of this hospitality beyond two months, under pain of forfeiting the temporalities of the house.* This sturdy and refractory prior, however, having been soon after Constable of the Castle of Dublin, fortified it with men-at-arms against Henry Lord Grey, then Deputy Lieutenant of Ireland, broke down the draw-bridge thereof, and disputed the viceroy's authority ; wherefore, in a parliament held in 1478, it w as enacted, that he should cause the said bridge to be substantially and suffi- ciently repaired before the following Christmas, agreeably to a plan and estimate, or that otherwise his office of prior should be void, and the Lord Deputy be at liberty to appoint a guardian or cus- todee of said priory, until the Grand Master of Rhodes, or the Prior of St. John of London should elect a new superior.! In the same year it was enacted by parliament, that all lands, temporal and ecclesiastical, which were alienated by former priors of this hospital, should be resumed for the use of the said house, and par- ticularly the lands of Duucormack in the county Wexford. J In 1479 Prior Keating was one of the celebrated society of St. George ; but in 1482, under representation of the preceding cir- cumstances, was deprived of his dignit y by Peter Daubusson, Grand Master of Rhodes, for disobedience and mal-administration, and Harris's Collect, vol. v. f lb. I King "s MSS. KILMAIXHAM. 621 Marmaduke Lumley appointed his successor. On the latter, how- ever, landing at Clontarf, he was imprisoned by order of Keating, who assigned him the commandery of Kilsaran, in the county Louth, for his maintenance; nor didhe enjoy this indulgence long, but was cast into prison, where it is said he died of a broken heart, while Keating, fearful of the consequences of his turbulent spirit, and the vengeance of the legitimate authorities, was induced to sup- port the wild pretensions of Lambert Simnel to the throne of these kingdoms, as the last hope of retarding the deserts of his disloyalty. In 1488, on the discomfiture of that wild project, and the coming over of Sir Richard Edgecombe to receive the oaths of allegiance of the repentant Irish nobles, powerful intercession was made for Keating, of which the following notice appears in the account of Sir Richard's voyage to Ireland : — " The Earl of Kil- dare and the said Sir Richard, and the lords spiritual and tempo- ral, met at a church called our Lady of the Dames, in Dublin, and there great instance was made again to the said Sir Richard to accept and take the said Justice Plunkett and the said prior of Kil- mainham to the king's grace, and that they might have their par- dons in likewise as others had ; forasmuch as the king had granted pardon to every man. The said Sir Richard answered unto them with right sharp words, and said, that he knew better what the king's grace had commanded him to do, and what his instructions were, than any of them did ; and gave with a manful spirit unto the said Justice Plunkett and prior fearful and terrible words, inso- much that both the said earl and lords would give no answer thereunto, but kept their peace ; and after the great ire passed, the earl and lords laboured with such fair means, that the said Sir Richard was agreed to take the said Justice Plunkett, to the king's grace, and so he did, and took his homage and fealty upon the sacrament ; but in no wise would he accept or take the said prior of Kilmainham to the king's grace ; and, ere that he departed unto his lodging, he took with him divers judges and other noblemen, and went into the castle of Dublin, and there put in possession Richard Archbold, the king's servant, into the office of the con- stable of the said castle, which the king's grace had given unto him by his letters patent, from the which office the said Prior of Kilmain- 622 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ham had wrongfully kept the said Richard by the space of two years or more."* Notwithstanding all these declarations of royal displeasure, Keating, in the feebleness of the Irish government, continued to keep forcible possession of this Hospital until about the year 1491, when he was at length ejected with great disgrace,f and James Wall was appointed to his high office, while all persons preferred by him to the dependent commanderies were removed. Keating soon afterwards closed his factious life, as is supposed, in the most abject poverty. In 1494 it was enacted, that whoever was made prior of this Hospital by the Grand Master or his deputy, with the king's consent, should be an Englishman by birth, wise and discreet, and have such a connexion with the knights of the order in England, as that his majesty's force here might be strengthened by his means. In the same year another act was passed for the avoidance and resump- tion of all grants made by the former priors Talbot and Keating, and all persons having any property of the priory pledged or sold away by Keating, were required to deliver same on tender of the money lent or paid for them. In 1496 Sir Richard Talbot, knight, was prior, and so conti- nued Until 1498, when Robert Evers was substituted, who in 1507 demised all the lands belonging to his house in Lecale, with their tithes and appurtenances, for fifty years, at the annual rent of forty shillings. In 1511 he was removed, and had the preceptory of Slebach in Pembrokeshire assigned to him for his support, while Sir John Rawson, another Englishman, succeeded to the prior- ship. In 1513 Robert Talbot, of Belgard, released to William, Archbishop of Dublin, three acres and the dove-house in Kilmain- ham for ever. In 1517 Prior Rawson was Lord Treasurer of Ireland, and in 1519 he obtained the king's license of absence " intending and preparing me," as himself wrote to Cardinal Wol- sey, " to have gone to the service of my religion at the Rhodes," upon which occasion he let out several farms and tithes of the priory to the Earl of Kildare,but his license was afterwards revoked. J * Harris's Hibernica, Part 1, p. 34. t Ware's Annals. X State Papers, temp. Hen. VIII. Part 3, p. 94. KILMAINHAM. G23 In the Christmas of 1528 the Lord Deputy was entertained by the several priors of Kilmainham, Christ Church, and All Saints, with the exhibition of stage plays on Hogges'-green (now College- green.) In 1530 and the two following years the prior was again Lord Treasurer, about which time the Repertorium Viride of Archbishop Allen enumerates Kilmainham among the churches of the deanery of Dublin. In 1534 the citizens of Dublin, having received advice that the O'Tooles were conducting a prey from Fingal to the mountains, sallied out to intercept them at Kilmainham Bridge. They met at the wood of Salcock, but being overpowered by numbers, were routed, with the loss of eighty men. In the ensuing year the Lord Deputy, Sir William Skeffington, died in this priory, whence he was re- moved for interment, with great pomp, to St. Patrick's Cathedral. In the same year the prior made a lease of " the castle house in the town of Kilmainham" with five acres of land, granted annuities of twenty shillings to Thomas Howth of Artane, of forty shillings to Patrick Barnewall of Fieldstown, of twenty shillings to James Bathe, and sundry similar annuities to others respectively for their good counsel and services. For a notice of the prior's possessions in Coolock, see that lo- cality in 1538, and for a notice of other rights, see at u Bally- fermot" in 1539. In the latter year, the prior of this house leased to Robert Cowley, Master of the Rolls, and Walter Cowley, " Prime Solicitor," and their assigns, the lordship and manor of Reynoldstown, with the appurtenances, in the county of Dublin, in the townlands of Reynoldstown, Haghdeston, Killogher, Mawrickes- ton, Hertrawne, Cloghertown, Heigestown, Balgardeslon, Cur- ragh, &cc, for ninety years, at the annual rent of £7 18s. lOd. The said prior also granted to each of the said Cowleys for their good counsel, an annuity of forty shillings. In 1541 Prior Rawson surrendered all its possessions to the crown, and was thereupon created Viscount of Clontarf, (at which locality these circumstances are more fully detailed.) For a fur- ther notice of rights of fisheries attached to this house in 1541, see at "the LifTey." In 1542 the priory was suppressed by the great act for the dissolution of monastic establishments in Ireland. This act also dissolved its parish church, which had been mensal to G24 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. the prior, and exempt from all ordinary jurisdiction, and autho- rized the erecting and incorporating of a vicarage, to be endowed out of the possessions which the king acquired in right of the priory, and to be thenceforth in the patronage of the crown. At the time of its dissolution, it had annexed to it thirteen benefices in this diocese. In 1545 the archbishop obtained a license to unite the church of St. John the Baptist of Kilmainham and that of St. James, both without the suburbs, to the church of St. Catherine within the suburbs of Dublin. By inquisition of 1547, it appears that the minor canons and choristers of St. Patrick's had here a messuage, 8a. arable, and 1a. meadow. For a notice referrible to the priory, see at ''Newcastle" in 1547. In 1556 the Lord Lieutenant Fitz Walter kept his court at Kilmainham, and here received the submission of Shane O'Neil. In 1557 Sir Oswald Messingberde was appointed prior of the Hospital, and by authority of Queen Mary, with the sanction of Cardinal Pole, the Pope's Legate, was restored to the former possessions of the house, but, on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, he privately withdrew from the kingdom, and died in obscurity, whereupon the estates of the order were by act of parliament de- clared vested in the crown, and the grant to Messingberde an- nulled from the preceding August. After that period, the priory house was constantly occupied as the summer residence of the Lords Deputies, while the castle of Dublin was enlarged and re- paired for their winter sojourn. Various inquisitions, consequent upon the dissolution, have ascertained the possessions of this abbey as consisting of three gardens and an orchard within the walls, four towers erected on the walls; three other gardens and an orchard; 260a. of arable, 22a. of meadow; a wood of 42a. on the north side of the Liffey; another of 41a. at Inchigore ; a salmon-weir on said river with a fishery; a mill on the river Liffey; a fulling-mill on the river Cammock ; 30a. of pasture on the south side of Golden-bridge; 14a. of under- wood ; 15a. of arable and pasture in Woodfield ; the castle-house in Kilmainham, with sundrv burgages, gardens, parks, parcels of land in its neighbourhood ; also 161a. of arable, 3a. of meadow, and 27a. of pasture in the Newtown of Kilmainham; the customs KILMAINHAM. 625 of the Mary gallons ; the rectory of Kilmainham, and the altarages of the parish ; the rectory of Chapelizod, and the chapel of St. Laurence, with the altarages of the parish of Chapelizod ; a house called the Frank house in Winetavern-street, Dublin, near the church of the Holy Trinity, with various other houses and closes in the city of Dublin ; 10a. near Donnybrook ; 24a. in Coolock ; 60a. of arable and mountain pasture in the manor of Ranoldstown ; certain premises in Cutterstown, Hassardstown, Kiliogher, and Marystown ; a castle, with 40a. of arable and 30a. of pasture in Kilmainhambeg ; the rectory and altarages of Ballyfermot ; 32a. in Crumlin ; 40a. in Westpainstown near Newcastle ; the recto- ries of Corgagh, Garrystown, and Palmerstown near Greenock ; certain premises in Grallagh, Brownstown, Hollywood, Hollywood- rath, Ballycore, Balrothery, and O'Byrne's country; a castle and 174a. in Glanucoure, alias Ballymoney ; the manor, rectory, and altarages of Clontarf ; certain lands in the county of Kildare ; certain tithes and lands in the county of Meath ; and certain rec- tories in the county of Galway, which were granted to the corpo- ration of Athenry ; 180a. in Balnachorus ; a castle and 120a. in Teghbrodan, alias Kilmainhambeg ; certain premises in the town of Drogheda ; divers lands in Lecale in the Ardes ; the rectory of Carlingford ; 620a. in Kilpole and Ballymasuile, with the rec- tory of Kilpole, and sundry other premises in the county of Wicklow ; the rectory of Coolbanagher, with the advowson of the vicarage ; half a carucate in Ballynagrane, and half a carucate in Ballygorman, situated near Innisbohen ; the rectories of Rathrone, Mortelstown, and Ardfinnan, with certain lands also in the county of Tipperary ; the commandery of Killarge in the county of Car- low ; the lands of Passage in the county of Waterford ; the pre- ceptory of Mourne in the county of Down ; 30a. called Walsh- man's lands in the county of Dublin ; certain houses in the city and suburbs of Waterford ; the rectorial tithes of Pierstown- Laundy, and certain lands in that parish ; the rectory of Down- ings and Keraugh, and the preceptory of Kilhele in the county of Kildare ; certain rectories in the King's and Queen's counties ; the commandery of Kells ; the preceptories of Kilmainhambeg and Kilmainham Wood ; the hermitage of St. Bride, with other premises in the county of Waterford ; the townland of Kilbride, 2 s 026 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. near the Three Castles, by the mountain side in the county of Dublin, with 200 great acres of arable mountain, 100a. of mea- dow and bog, and 200a. of pasture and mountain ; certain lands, rectories, &c. in the counties of Meath, Louth, Down, and Tip- perary ; certain premises in the city of Waterford, &c. &c. All which extensive possessions were soon afterwards granted away to various lay proprietors ; and reversions, with which the maintenance of the poor was immemorially identified, became prizes in the lottery of human inheritances, attainable to all who had sufficient power or interest to assert and retain such acquisitions. A singu- lar circumstance may be remarked in reference to the succession of the priors of this house, many of whom, it has been shewn, held the highest offices of the state, that the name of one person of the ancient Milesian stock does not appear in the whole series, and, perhaps, this remark would apply to all the preceptories be- longing to this priory throughout Ireland. In 1564 John Manne, gent., was appointed keeper of the King's House in Kilmainham, and on his death in 1565, he was succeeded by Paul Greene, who was also keeper of the " gerner" within said house, together with the house and demesne lands of said house, with the salary of twelve pence Irish per day, and a grant to him of the mansion-house over the south gate in Kil- mainham, together with a garden on the east side of the gate, and also the grazing of ten kine, two horses, and forty sheep in the said demesne, without any charge. In 1565 Sir Henry Sydney, having arrived in Ireland as Lord Deputy, rode to this place, attended by the sheriffs, to view " the house," which finding in too decayed a state, he repaired to St. Sepulchre's, and there lodged. In 1576 Francis Agard of Grange-Gorman in this county, had a grant of two mills, and the salmon-weirs of Kilmainham, with the appurtenances, at the annual rent of £30 55. , which continued in his family during that and the subsequent reign. The priory- house was, in the following year, the residence of Sir Henry Sydney, Lord Deputy, who, on that occasion, caused Kilmainham bridge to be erected.* * Harris's Dublin. K i L M A I N H A M . 627 A statute of Henry the Seventh having enacted that no citi- zen, burgess, or freemen, of any city or town, should receive li- very or wages from lords, or make promise or surety, by indenture, to them, under penalty of being deprived of their liberty and free- dom, and having also enacted that no person should be retained by such lords under penalty of £20, to be paid by the re- tainer and the retained ; proceedings were thereupon instituted against Sir Morrough na Dhu O'Flaherty, (the first of that family who held his estates by English tenure,) for that he, contrary to the above statute, in 1585 retained at his service in Kilmainham, William Martin, Anthony Lynch, Stephen Roe French, and Cor- nelius O'Halloran, merchants of Galway, and gave them four se- veral cloaks for their livery, to serve him, the said Morrough, in form " stipendiarorum" Anglice " reteyners," and not otherwise.* In 1592 Thomas Chambers succeeded Paul Greene as keeper of Kilmainham, and was himself succeeded in 1595 by Andrew Greene. For a notice in 1596, see at " Chapelizod." In 1599 Thomas Fagan died seised in fee (by gift of Richard Power) of the Newtown of Kilmainham, containing 189a., toge- ther with the tithes of the premises.f In 1602 John Eustace had a grant of three small parks here, the estate of the hospital, to hold for 21 years at a rent certain, with an additional render of sixty-five pecks of port corn. This grant prescribed that Eustace should not lease any part of the premises except to Englishmen, without the consent of the Lord Deputy. J In the same year Griffith Pigot succeeded Andrew Greene as keeper of the house of Kilmainham, and was himself succeeded in 1607 by Beverly Newcomen. In 1605 Sir George Thornton was found seised of a messuage here, called the " Castle house," with about eight acres of land ;§ which premises he, in the same year, sold to James Newman, from whom they passed to Solomon Tatlow in 1608. In 1609 Sir Richard Sutton, Auditor of Imprests, in England, had the king's letter for a grant of such lands, rectories, &c. to * Court Roll of Eliz. X Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. § Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 2 s 2 628 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the yearly value of £40, English, as lay on the north side of the river Liffey and bridge of Kilmainham, containing 400a. in the king's possession in right of the dissolved priory of Kilmain- ham,* for which Sir Edward Fisher, as assignee of this Sutton, took out a fresh patent in 1611, the premises being there described as " all the lands on the north side of the Liflfey, and Kilmainham bridge, 330a., being parcel of the possessions of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Kilmainham wood, 60a., all extending to the high road leading from Oxmantown Green to Chapelizod, and to the river Liffey south, to the lands of Newtown east, &c, to hold for ever, in consideration that the said Sutton had sur- rendered to the crown the manor of Landreyne in Cornwall in 1611. In a memorandum in the margin of this grant it is stated, that Sir Edward Fisher surrendered this patent and lands to the king, on the first of September in the fifteenth year of the reign of James the First, for which he received £2500, and that the said lands, with a house thereon newly built by Sir Edward, were, by his Majesty's special direction, dated ninth July in the same year, converted to the use of the Chief Governor for the time being, (Roll. 9, Jac. L pt. 2.) For a notice of College land here in 1612, see at " Dolphin's Barns." An inquisition of 1613 finds that the masters, wardens, brothers, and sisters of the guild of St. Anne, in the parish church of St. Audeon in the city of Dublin, were seised in fee of 14a. here, held of the king as of his manor of Kilmainham. In 1629 Eleanor Fagan of Feltrim died seised of 114a. of Palmerstown, in the parish of Balrothery, six messuages, and 120a. in Rathcoole, four messuages and 190a. in Newtown and Kilmainham, and the tithes thereof, two messuages, two gardens, and 21a. in Lusk, kc.f In the forfeitures consequent upon the civil war of 1641, Wil- liam Malone of Lismullen forfeited nine acres in Kilmainham and Inchigore, in the parish of St. James, as did John Talbot eight other acres in Kilmainham, and Robert Shelton 7a. 1r4 The latter portion was granted to Charles Viscount Fitzharding.§ For * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. J lb. § lb. KILMAINHAM. 629 a notice in 1654, see at " Kilmactalway," and for an account of the part of this parish that was taken into the Phoenix Park in 1671, see at that locality. In 1680 King Charles, by his letter, directed the building of an hospital here, for the maintenance and convenience of aged and maimed soldiers in the army of Ireland, such hospital to be erected upon part of the lands of the Royal Park, called the Phoenix Park, near the old ruinous building commonly called the Castle of Kilmainham, and that a quantity of land not exceeding 64a., plantation measure, should be appropriated for ever to its use. An endowment, which was afterwards confirmed by letters patent, bearing date third of March, 36 Chas. II. At this time the remains of the old castle alluded to were very inconsiderable, while the more considerable portion of the walls of the ancient cha- pel attached to it was, upon this order, taken down and the mate- rials wholly applied in building the present chapel of the said hos- pital. The foundation of the hospital was laid by the Duke of Or- monde, the building completed in three years at an expense of upwards of £23,559, and the chapel consecrated in 1686 by the Archbishop of Dublin, the Bishops of Meath and Kildare assisting. This Chelsea of Ireland is situated on a rising ground near the south side of the river Liffey. It is of a quadrangular form, enclosing a spacious area handsomely laid out in grass plots and gravelled walks, an arcade being carried along the lower story in each square to the entrance of the hall and chapel. The centre of the front on the north side is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters and an entabla- ture, above which is a handsome steeple. Over the door are the arms of the Duke of Ormonde. The interior is neat and simple, the dining hall 100 feet long by forty-five broad, the lower part of the walls being decorated with a variety of military weapons disposed in a fanciful manner, while the upper part is ornamented on three sides with portraits of the royal founder and other sovereigns of England, besides those of several remarkable personages, and on the fourth side by a gallery supported by brackets beautifully carved with figures of cherubs. The chapel is eighty-six feet in length by thirty-six in breadth, and has a variety of ornaments, especially an altar screen carved in Irish oak, and a coved ceiling decorated with most elaborate stucco work. The hospital has accommoda- 630 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tions for 400 men, but only 200 are in the establishment. Its inmates are well clothed and fed, and are allowed eight-pence per week each, as pocket money. The officers' apartments are good and convenient, and those of the Commander-in-Chief, who al- ways resides here as governor, have a delightful garden attached, commanding an extensive and beautiful view of the city, and sur- rounding country. In 1725 the annual expense of this establish- ment, in all its details, was stated as £7984 ; it is now about £10,000 per annum. In 1833 an intention was intimated of abo- lishing this institution, but the design was abandoned on the re- presentation of Sir Hussey Vivian, and the zealous exertions of the nobility and citizens of Dublin. In 1703 Solomon des Blosset had a grant of eight acres here, " the estate of the late King James." In 1707 the vicarages or parishes of St. Catherine, St. James, and St. John of Kilmainham, theretofore united, were, by act of parliament, divided into two several and distinct vicarages or pa- rishes, St. James's and St. Catherine's, and their contents severally defined. Each to have thenceforth respective parochial rights and succession of vicars and church-wardens, with all such tithes, oblations, rates, assignments, taxes, &c, as should thereafter grow due and payable to said vicars within the said parishes respectively, the right and patronage in both to remain as it existed when all were united, to wit in the Earl of Meath, and said parishes were thereby declared subject to the visitation of the ordinary and the customary canons and laws ecclesiastical. About the time of the commencement of the reign of George the Third, General Dilks, then Commander-in-Chief of Ireland and residing in the Royal Hospital, attempted to take in the bu- rial ground here, and convert it into a botanic garden. For this purpose he caused the graves to be levelled, spread a thick cover- ing of lime over the entire surface, and enclosed the ground with a stone wall ; but this design was defeated by the working manu- facturers of the Liberty, several of whose ancestors and families were there interred. These poor people, justly irritated at the meditated indignity and exclusion, collected in a body in one night, levelled the wall, and again laid open the ground for the interment of the poor, whose surviving friends were unable to KILMAINHAM. 631 •pay the prices charged for burial in the grave -yards attached to the churches of the metropolis. The most celebrated of the humbler classes of society, on whose behalf this right was claimed, and who derived the benefit of its assertion, was the pugilistic champion, Daniel Donnelly, who was buried here some years since, and had a votive monument erected over him by subscrip- tion of the depraved admirers of his " science." The memorial is, however, now as extinct as the conqueror himself. In 1818 an act was passed for enclosing the commons here, on which occasion 6a. 3r. plantation measure, were allotted to his majesty. In 1832, during six months that the cholera prevailed in Dub- lin, 3200 burials took place in this churchyard, as the only free grave- yard for the poor, a circumstance that induced such apprehensions of danger to the public, that the Board of Health, acting on the Lord Lieutenant's order, directed the cemetery to be totally closed for a time, and that a recently consecrated burial-ground at Grange-Gorman should be substituted while it was deemed neces- sary to relieve this. The extension of the prohibition, however, to the present day, and the utter exclusion of the parochial rights of burial here, is matter of much, and perhaps justifiable remon- strance. In a quarry near the village, according to Archer, there were raised in the years 1767 and 1768, in the space of about eighteen months, sixty or seventy tons of lead ore, which yielded about twelve hundred of lead from each ton of ore, and about twenty-four ounces of silver from each ton of lead. There are, he adds, two or three veins of lead ore in the quarry, all of them seeming to take their course in the com- mons. Kilmainham gave the title of Baron to the family of Wenman, but the dignity is now extinct. All about this locality the botanist will find lo.mhnn 632 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ample xicaule, henbit dead-nettle; cichorium sylvestre, wild blue succory ; coram carui, caraway, flowering in June. — In the sand-pits, fedia olitoria, lamb's let- tuce. — On old walls, par iet aria officinalis, wall pelli- tory ; saxifraga trydactibjtes, rue-leaved saxifrage ; draba verna, common whitlow grass ; silene nutans, Nottingham catch-fly. — On the adjacent steep banks, apium petroselinum, parsley, (if this should be consi- dered indigenous;) allium vineale, crow garlic. — On the river, ranunculus aquaticus, with its white flow- ers floating over the water : while the road-sides be- tween this and Chapelizod shew, the erodium mos- chatum, musk stork "s-bill, &c. Descending from Kilmainham to the Liffey a well is seen at right, which was dedicated to St. John, and formerly much resorted to on the eve of that saint as a place of pilgrimage and devotion, (see the ensuing article ;) but, as its abuse led to the commission of sundry misdemeanors and irregularities bv licentious visiters, the Roman Catholics of the diocese were very properly forbidden to frequent it ; and so far back as 1 7S7 public exhortations were read from the altars of every chapel in Dublin, against any persons exercising their devo- tion here, as, u instead of gaining indulgence, or reaping any benefit thereby, they generally scanda- lized their holy religion, and disturbed public peace by their criminal excesses." Even the government, on different principles, prescribed penalties of infa- mous severity against such stations ; but, like many other less justifiable obstacles opposed to popular pre- judices, they only tended to confirm the ignorant in ISLAND-BRIDGE. 633 their proscribed observances, and intemperance and idleness continued, till within the last two years, to . CLONDALKIN. 715 In 1171 Roderic O'Conor, joined by the forces of O'Rourke and O'Carroll, marched to this place with the intention ofgivingbat- tle to the English then in Dublin. The latter, however, advanced ; Milo de Cogan with the vanguard of 700 British forces, and an Irishbattalion commanded by the son of Dermot Mac Murrough ; the main body formed of 800 British, commanded by Raymond le Gros, and the chief part of the Irish troops led by the King of Leinster, while Earl Strongbow followed in the rear with a force of 300 English and 1000 Irish. The regular disposition of this disciplined and well-appointed army dismayed the tumultuous groups of Roderic's adherents, who, instead of coming to a regular engagement, after skirmishing for three days with the confede- rates in this vicinity, retired into their own province. In 1179 Pope Alexander confirmed Clondalkin, with all its appurtenances, to the see of Dublin, while the old Danish occu- pants of a large portion of the land, Macgilleholmoc and Dervor- gilla his wife, surrendered to the use of its church, expressly call- ed the church of Saint Machotus, all their ancient inheritance. A transcript of the conveyance is preserved in the " Crede mini," one of the muniments of Christ Church. To this, as a parent church, were subservient the chapels of Rathcoole and Esker. About the year 1184 Prince John confirmed the church of Clondalkin with its tithes to the see of Dublin, as did Pope Cle- ment the Third in 1187, and his successor, Pope Innocent the Third, in 1218. It was subsequently made prebendal by Arch- bishop Comyn, and is named the fifth in the bull confirming his charter. When Archbishop Henry de Loundres established the dignity of a Dean of St. Patrick's, he assigned for his support the church of Clondalkin, at that time the prebend of William Fitzguy the first dean, together with its appurtenances. The dean had also a portion of bog near the grange of the Dean's rath granted to him, for which he was to pay yearly, at the festival of Easter, one pound of frankincense to the Archbishop's chapel at Clondalkin. For notices in 1220, see at " Tallagh," and in 1227, see " Me- moirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." About the year 1326 an extent was taken of the manor of 716 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Clondalkin, when its boundaries were defined, and part returned as " waste, being amongst the Irishry." In 1337 King Edward confirmed Clondalkin, with its church and tithes, to the see of Dublin, as did King Richard in 1395. In the Common Plea Rolls of 28 Edw. III., yet preserved in Bermingham Tower, is a record of an action of trespass brought by Simon Neal against William Newlagh for breaking his close at Clondalkin, wherein the defendant pleaded that the plaintiff was an Irishman, and not one of the five privileged families, and there- fore demanded judgment if he should be answered. The plaintiff replied that he was one of the five families, viz., of the O'Neills of Ulster, who, by grant of the king's progenitors, were entitled to English law and to be accounted freemen. The defendant re- joined that plaintiff was not of the O'Neills of Ulster, nor of the five families, and issue was joined thereon; which being found for the plaintiff, he had judgment to recover his damages against the defendant. The five principal septs here alluded to were the O'Neills of Ulster, the O'Melaghlins of Meath, the O'Conors of Connaught, the O'Briens of Thomond, and the Mac Murroughs of Leinster. Yet O'Neill himself, long after, viz. in 1481, on his marriage with a daughter of the house of Kildare, to satisfy the friends of the lady, was made denizen by a special act of parliament. In 1464 Edward Shillingford of Clondalkin, granted to John Locke of Colemanstown, five acres in the lordship of Clondalkin, and about the year 1470 a farm here was appropriated by Arch- bishop Michael Tregury to the support of a mass called "Jesus' Mass," on every Friday in St. Patrick's cathedral. The vicars choral of St. Patrick's, to whom this farm was so assigned, were, for a short time, wrongfully kept out of possession thereof ; but, on petition to parliament in 1471, their right was established; ac- cordingly there is, in the Vice- Treasurer's Office, record of a lease in 1538 from the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's to Nicholas Browne of Clondalkin, husbandman, whereby this farm was de- mised, as " appertaining to Jesus' Mass," for thirty-one years. It is subsequently noticed in 1547 and in 1660, but appears to have been lost to the intention of the donor previous to the latter pe- riod. Mason, in his invaluable History of St. Patrick's Cathedral, CLONDALKIN. 717 shews that this was the Bay-farm in Clondalkin.* For a notice in 1517, see at « Belgard." Archbishop Allen says that at his time (1530) in lieu of the tithes of hay from the archbishop's demesne lands in Clondalkin and Rathcoole, the vicar had a certain portion of land set apart for him in full satisfaction thereof. The Vicar of Clondalkin, he adds, hath the tithes of crofts and the small tithes of the whole pa- rish, but no portion of the great tithes except those of the manor of Drymnagh.f In 1540 the parishes of New Grange and Kilma- cudrick were united to Clondalkin by Archbishop Browne ; the tithes, however, have been appropriated to the vicar. In the fol- lowing year George Archbishop of Dublin had license, with the assent of both cathedrals, to grant to Edward Bassenet, Dean of St. Patrick's, 7a. here, near adjacent to the lands of said dean, in Dean's rath, at the rent of two capons on the feast of the Nati- vity.J In 1547 the tithes of this parish were valued at £62 7s. For a notice of the rectory in this year, see at " Rathcoole," while an inquisition of the same period details the possessions of the Dean of St. Patrick's in Clondalkin, in messuages, lands, gardens, and tithes, defines the extent of the parish, and states that 40a. be- longed to the economy of St. Patrick's, and ten to the vicars choral. There were likewise appropriated to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin 16a. in the townland of Clondalkin, held from the Archbishop of Dublin as of his manor of Clondalkin ; and near which the fraternity of St. Francis of Dublin had an endowment of six acres. A document of about the same date enumerates Clon- dalkin amongst the <£ walled and good towns" of this county. For a notice in 1602, see at " Dalkey." In 1607 James Stanyhurst of Corduff, sold all his estate in the towns, villages, and fields of Newhall and Clondalkin to Da- niel Molyneux, Esq. In 1609 the king granted to Gerald Earl of Kildare several premises and lands here, " parcel of the estate of the crown, by virtue of the statute of mortmain," together with the tithe corn of the rectory of Grace Dieu, collected by four cou- * Hist. St. Patrick's, pp. 71 and 90. t Regist, Dioc. \ Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 718 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. pies of acres, with the altarages, &c. In 1611 Lord Howth suf- fered a recovery of certain premises in Clondalkin, Obreston, Jor- danston, Nevett, Timon, Much-roan, Middle-roan, Little-roan, kc. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory as appertaining to the cathedral of St. Patrick's, that Richard Bathe had been vicar, a very negligent and non-resident minister, and therefore deprived by the archbishop, and his benefice sequestered, that the vicarage was worth £15 per annum, the church in good condition, but the chancel ruinous, which, however, the dean was bound by recognizance to repair within a given time. In 1626 Thomas Allen was seised (inter alia) of the annual rent of a rose, issuing out of 9a. in Clondalkin, also of 15a. in Sao-^ard, 12a. in Rathcoole, and 300a. of mountain in Brittas.* In 1663 the Eustace family were seised of lands in Clondalkin, Athgoe, Rathcoole, Damastown, Correstown, and Dalkey, and such their rights were specially saved in a grant to the Duke of York affecting these localities. For a further notice in this year, see at " Esker," and for another in 1666, see at " Rathcoole." In the confiscations of 1688, Peter Nottingham lost certain pre- mises here, stated as situated in the barony of Newcastle, while John Brown forfeited 23a. here, also stated as in the same barony.-f* In 1697 the Rev. Oliver Doyle was reported as parish priest of Clondalkin, Lucan, and Esker. In 1703 the rectory of Donacomper was, in pursuance of the Act 11 Will. III., assigned to augment the vicarage of Clondalkin, while, in the same year, Benjamin Meade passed patent for 28a. here, " the estate of the late King James," and 65a., " the estate of Peter Nottingham, attainted," the last portion being subject to a chiefry to the Archbishop of Dublin. — For notices of the vicar- age in 1716 and 1727, see at " Tallagh." A return of 1777 states, that there is in the parish of Clon- dalkin, " a spot of ground, under an acre, belonging to the church, on which the tenant built a small house, and in place of rent, is bound to paint the pews, whiten the walls, and repair the win- dows." Inquis. in Cane. Hib. fib. SAGGARD. 719 In 1783 the gunpowder mills were erected by Mr. William Caldbeck. This great national undertaking however failed, the mills having been blown up by accident in 1787. The quantity of powder there at the time was not less than 260 barrels, and the shock was felt in the city, and through a large tract of surrounding country. On the spot the effects were terrific, the whole building was torn up from its foundations and hurled into the elements. Ponderous ruins, tons in weight, were cast to the distance of five or six fields, and the fish in an adjacent pond were found dead, float- ing on the surface of the water. It is remarkable, that amidst all this awful conflict, not a stone was displaced in the Round Tower. A monument has been erected on the site of the mill, commemorative of the event. In 1806 the glebe-house was built by a grant from the Board of First Fruits. In 1818 the commons were enclosed by authority of parliament, and in 1829 a bequest was left for the support of a poor school here. See at * Harold's Cross." Passing hence towards Saggard, at right lies Corkagh, where Mr. Arabin established nine powder mills, they are all, however, outmarketed by the Eng- lish works. At a short distance to the left are the ruins of Cheeverstown Castle, and within about half a mile of Saggard are extensive concerns, once ap- propriated to the uses of a charter school, now the horse depot and extensive farm yard of Mr. Purcell the coach proprietor, whence a prettily shaded road diverges from the great one to Naas, and, passing the residence of a Mr. Smith, enters the poor village of SAGGARD, situated at the foot of one of the Dublin mountains, to which it gives its name. 720 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The Roman Catholic chapel at left first invites attention, it is of the T form, the aisle being most disproportionately elongated. In it is a handsome white marble effigy of the Reverend Andrew Hart, a former Catholic pastor of the parish, who died in 1815. The figure projects in alto relievo from a mural slab, inscribed with a commemoration of his virtues and the well-earned gratitude of his flock. At the opposite side of the road are the ruins, or rather the foundations sodded with verdure, of a f ,once ex- tensive church, within which the scolopendriam cete- rach, scaly hart's tongue, grows abundantly. In the grave-yard, in an enclosed burial place, is a monu- ment to Mr. Edward Byrne of Mullinahack, but no other tombs of note. In the village are poor schools for boys and girls attended by about sixty-four chil- dren, for the support of which the National Board allows £14 per annum. There are also here some remains of a castellated house. The commons com- prised twenty acres, but are now enclosed. The tolls demandable at the annual fairs are as follow : Oxen or cows, three years old Ditto. two years old Calves, Lambs, Pigs, Horses, Tents, Standings Friezes per score yar Timber per load d. 3 each. 2 do. 1 do. OJdo. 1 do. 6J do. do. 4 do. 6 do. 6 do. SAGGARD. 721 This parish constitutes a prebend in St. Patricks church, of the annual \alue of £163, the rectory being part of its corps ; the curacy is in the gift of the arch- bishop. It extends over 4453a. Or. 12p. 5 comprised in ten townlands. The latest of the population re- turns enumerates its inhabitants as 1671> of whom not thirty are Protestants according to the Ecclesias- tical Report of 1835. The great tithes belong to the Dean of St. Patrick's, and there are 24 a. of glebe within the parish. The aforesaid dean is the chief proprietor of the fee. Rent rates from £l 10s. to £l 17s. per acre. The Catholic union embraces with this the parish of Newcastle. The church here was dedicated to St. Mosacre, by whom it was founded before the middle of the seventh century, having subservient to it Newtown, situated within the manor of Rath- coole, of which the archbishop was the temporal lord, and Simon- Tallagh extending over Coolmine next hereafter mentioned. Immediately subsequent to the English invasion Saggard be- came, as before-mentioned, one of the four royal manors in this county, and was more commonly called Teagh- Saggard, i. e. the house of the priest. It was also an ancient borough, and its pro- vosts are frequently noticed in the Pipe Rolls of the early kings of England. For notices in 1207, see at " Esker," and in 1227, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1275 Saggard, which was the second diaconal prebend in St. Patrick's Cathedral, was considered of the value of £20 per an- num to the incumbent ;* an estimate which was, in 1306, reduced to but £10 annually. In the latter year William Davis had a grant of 40a. here, to hold for ever at the annual rent of £2 6s. 8c?.f In 1312 the septs of the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles invaded Sag- gard and Rathcoole, and were powerful enough to strike a terror Crede mihi. t Rot. in Cur. Scacc. Lond. 3 A 722 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. into the citizens of Dublin, as well by their numbers as their stra- tagems of war, laying ambushes up and down the woods of Glen- dalory, on the south side of the city. The citizens had not at this time power sufficient to encounter them, and the forces of the state were otherwise directed in opposing an insurrection, raised by Robert de Verdon, in Louth. On his submission, however, the hostilities of the mountain chiefs were suppressed. In 1330 the king granted license to John D'Arcy le Cosyn to lease the crown lands contiguous to the marches for terms of lives or years, excepting, however, from the license, the lands of the Salmon Leap and Saggard.* For notices of the manor in this year, as also in 1333 and 1336, see at " Crumlin." In 1343 the king, on account of the eminent services of Tho- mas de Blakeburn on the marches of Leinster, near Saggard, du- ring seventeen years, granted to said Thomas six carucates of land named in the patent, and lying in the said marches. For a notice in 1353, see at " Kilmactalway." In 1359 William and Walter Harold received a reward of 100 shillings for " manfully rescuing" some spoils, which the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes were carrying off from Saggard, and for slaying five of these enemies.t In 1387 a ring of pure gold was turned up in a field near Hog- therne, between this village and that of Rathcoole, then valued at £40, which the finders secreted, but, as the record states, the cir- cumstance having been discovered, they narrowly escaped punish- ment. For a notice of the manor in 1389, see at " Esker;" about which time the Lawless family were seised of this locality. In 1399 Thomas Snell, Archdeacon of Glendaloch, accounted for forty shillings yearly, being the amount of two-thirds of the issues of this prebend, then in the king's hands, by reason of the absence of the Prebendary, John Gedeney, without royal license. In 1403 Thomas Chernocks, Prebendary of Tassagard, had license of absence for two years, that he might be ena- bled to prosecute a suit at the Court of Rome. For notices of the manor in 1406, see " Athgoe ;" and in 1408 and 1412, see at « Esker." * Rot. in Cane. Hib. t lb. SAGGAKD. 723 In 1416 the king granted to Hugh Burgh, Thomas Pensax, and Thomas Everyngham, the manors of Esker, Newcastle of Lyons, and Saggard, together with the knights' fees and the ad- vowsons of churches, to hold to them and the survivor rent free.* For a notice in 1421, see at " Esker." In 1422 Richard Stanyhurst, prebendary, had a similar license to that granted to his predecessor for pursuing his studies in Eng- land or elsewhere.^ In 1427 Sir Richard Fitz Eustace had a grant of the custody of the manors of Newcastle of Lyons, Saggard, and Esker, for eight years, at the annual rent of £40. For notices of the manor in 1428, see at "Newcastle;" and in 1430 and 1450, see at "Esker." In 1453, the king, being indebted to the Archbishop of Dublin, granted him a custodiam of this manor, and of the townland of Ballycheese therein, to enure while he was Archbishop. J In 1476 Roland Fitz Eustace, Lord of Portlester, had the custody of this manor and that of Newcastle of Lyons, with a salary of £40 per annum. For a notice in 1488, see the " General History of the County of Dublin." In 1539 this prebend was taxed at £10 Is. 8d. Irish. In 1540, on the rumour of the Lord Deputy Gray's recal, the O'Tooles entered upon this and the other adjacent royal manors, slaying and despoiling throughout all their course. An inquisition of 1547 finds the extent and value of the pre- bend of Tassagard, in lands and tithes, exclusive of the altarages, which were assigned to the curate, and the repair of the chancel, which was borne by the farmer of the tithes. The glebe lands have been since ascertained to be 16a. 1r. 4p.§ Another inqui- sition of the same date shews that the vicars choral of St. Patrick's had one castle and 22a. in this townland, lying in different parcels. In 1555 George Dowdall, by the charter of restitution of St. Patrick's Cathedral, was named Prebendary of Tassagard, he being at that time Archbishop of Armagh. In 1603 Sir Edward Fisher was appointed seneschal of the four manors of Newcastle, Esker, Tassaggard, and Crumlin, which he * Rot. in Dom. Cap. Westm. X Rymer's Foedera. t Rot. in Cane. Hib. § Mason's St. Patrick's, p. 60. 3.A 2 724 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. surrendered in 1606, when Sir Francis Stafford was appointed thereto. In 1605 the king granted to Sir Henry Folliott 60a. with com- mon of pasture, as also certain messuages and gardens in Tassa- gard, being the lands of Edward Byrne, attainted ;* and in 1613 Sir Arthur Savage had a grant from the crown of 8a., called the Common Land, in Saggard, with sundry other premises therein, as well as in Esker and Ballyowen.f The regal visitation of 1615 states, that Roger Danby, preben- dary, served the cure, that the value of the prebend was £30, and that the church and chancel were in good repair. For a notice in 1626, see at " Clondalkin;" and in 1641, at " Ballymore Eus- tace." In 1667 Sir Theophilus Jones, knight, had a grant of 14a. plantation measure here ; as had Thomas Den in 1682, of 194a, statute measure, a weekly market, and three yearly fairs here, with a court of pie poudre, tolls, &c. In the confiscations of 1688, Richard Earl of Tyrconnel for- feited 110a. here, 295a. in Calestown, 164a. in Racredan, 150a. in Tipperkevin, &c.J For a notice in 1697, see at " Newcastle." In 1699 John Travers, Prebendary of Tassagard, was also Chancellor of Christ Church. In 1700 Francis Sarsfield claimed, and was allowed at Chiches- ter House, an estate in fee simple, in a farm here, forfeited by Patrick Sarsfield ; and in 1703 John Pacey, of Dublin, had a grant of the 110a. here, which had been the estate of the Earl of Tyr- connel, attainted. In 1805 John Corballis devised £100 for the use of the poor school here; and in 1816 an Act of Parliament (56 Geo. III. c.25, Priv.) was passed, authorizing certain commissioners to divide, allot, and enclose the commons. The succession of the prebendaries of Saggard has been thus far ascertained : — 1293 J. Dekene. 1393 Monaldus de S. Martin. John Gedeney. 1403 Thomas Chernocks. * Rot. in Cane. Hib. f lb. f Inquis. in Cane. Hib. COOLMINE. 725 1422 Richard Stanyhurst. 1496 Peter Devenish. 1530 William Brewyst. 1546 Thomas Crief. 1555 George Dowdall. 1569 Richard Bet. 1595 Richard Purdon. 1615 Roger Danby. 1636 William Cleburn. 1645 Francis Cockman. 1646 Gilbert Deane. 1660 William Pilsworth. 1666 Charles Cormack. 1672 Samuel Hind. 1674 Edward Wettenhall. 1675 Michael Hewetson 1693 Michael Reader. 1699 John Travers. 1707 Thomas Theacker. 1713 Edward Drury. 1735 Nicholas Synge. 1737 Roger Forde. 1756 George Phillips. 1770 William Blachford. 1771 Holt Truell. John Lyon. 1787 Robert Truell. 1790 Edward Ryan. 1795 Peter Lefanu. 1799 Crinus Irwin. For the succession of the Seneschals, see at " Newcastle." Immediately near the village Mr. John M'Donncl has two paper factories, employing nearly 200 persons. This enterprising gentleman has recently expended considerable sums of money in the erection of mills and machinery on the most improved principles; and the produce of his well directed labours seems likely soon to rival that of the first houses "of the trade in the sister kingdom. Near it are the small remains of a castle, on the ancient little manor of COOLMINE, which comprises only one ploughland, about 100a. arable, exclusive of waste ; all situated within the pa- rish of Saggard, but its tithes were appropriated to a 726 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. distinct chapel, called Simon-Tallagh, subservient, however, to the mother church. Immediately after the English invasion the Haket family were seised of this manor, which, in 1303, Peter Haket demised to Peter Bermingham, subject to a certain rent ; and in 1328 John, the son of said Peter Haket, leased it to Geoffrey Crumpe at a rent of seven marks and a half, being a reduction from the rent to which Bermingham was subject, and which abatement was made, on condition that Crumpe should pay the latter sum within one month after it became due, " whether there were peace or war in Ireland." In 1330 Archbishop Alexander de Bicknor obtained an assign- ment of Crumpe's interest here ;* and in 1335 purchased the re- version and rent charge from Helena le Petit, widow of Peter Haket, and from John, his son ; soon after which, (in 1349,) the same prelate granted this manor for the maintenance of certain chantries in St. Patrick's Cathedral ; and the king, subsequently dispensing with the statute of Mortmain, in favour of this gift, the canons settled the same according to the trust. In 1393 the chapelry of Coolmine was leased as part of the possessions of the economy of St. Patrick's, for five marks of silver per annum.j" An inquisition of 1647 states those possessions here as one castle, four messuages, and 100a. In 1584 Dean Jones and his chapter made a shameful lease of the manor, then stated as containing 253a. of land. The year before it had been demised at forty shillings per annum, for eighty years ; and in this year a reversion was granted for eighty-one years more, at the same rent, not one-twentieth part of its value at the time.f The latter lease still remains in St. Patrick's regis- try ; and Dean Swift has actually written thereon his indignation at this shameful alienation of the property of the church, by those men who ought to have been its guardians and protectors. A survey of 1747 states the extent of the lands of the economy here as 265a. whereof the northern and eastern portion, deemed * Dign. Dec. pp. 123 and 163. [ Mason's St. Patrick's, p. 174. t Repert. Viride. RATHCOOLE. 727 arable, contained 192a. 1r., while the southern, or mountainous, covered 72a. 3r. All these lands were, in 1813, demised to John Kennedy for twenty-one years, at the annual rent of £100, on the payment of a fine of £2000. RATHCOOLE, one of the ancient manors of the see of Dublin, next succeeds in the course of this excursion. The village consists of a long street, with some good dwellings linked by cabins, and having a plain, unornamented church, and a glebe-house, with a glebe of about fif- teen acres. In the grave-yard is a stunted stone cross, and tombs to the Crosby family since 1722 ; to Mr. Atkins, who died in 1827; and an enclosed monu- ment to a Mr. TuthilL The parish comprises 4705a. 1 r. 30p., in four- teen townlands, and has compounded for its tithes at £310 per annum. The rectory is part of the corps of the deanery of St. Patrick's, to which appertain the great tithes, with the exception of those of the townlands of Rathcredan and Windmill, which, toge- ther with the glebe and the small tithes of the whole parish, are annexed to the vicarage. This latter dig- nity is in the gift of the Archbishop of Dublin, and united with the rectory and vicarage of Calliaghtown. In the Catholic arrangement, Rathcoole is in the union of Newcastle. The population of this parish was re- turned in 1831 as 1489 persons, of whom it is stated, that not forty were Protestants. The number of labourers between Rathcoole and Calliaghtown, is supposed to be about sixty-five, of whom thirty-five 7*28 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. get constant, and thirty occasional employment. While the average acreable rent here, on the best attainable information, may be set down at about £3. The cabins are generally built of mountain greystone, and some entirely of yellow clay, and the average rent for such without land, is about ten-pence per week. The principal proprietors are the Archbishop of Dublin, who is lord of the manor, Mr. Latouche, Lord Mil- town, &c. The name of this locality, signifying the fort of the wood, alone suggests those circumstances of its ancient strength and or- nament ; the fort and the wood may be now sought for in vain. About the year 1184 Prince John granted Rathcoole with its church and tithes to the see of Dublin, a gift which was confirmed by Pope Clement the Third in 1187, and by Pope Innocent in 1216, while Archbishop Comyn gave to the collegiate church of St. Patrick's, the tithes of his demesne lands, and the tenth acre of all his meadows here. His successor, Archbishop Luke, elevated Rathcoole to a borough, and by his charter assigned four acres of land for each burgage. The same prelate subsequently granted to these burgesses, commonage in the mountain of Slestoll, both of turbary and pasture, as largely as Mac Gilleholmoc, (of whom see at " Clondalkin " in 1179,) and others had " perambulated the same" before the time of Archbishop Comyn, extending from the east of Saggard to Greystone, and from Greystone to the lands of the monks of Hogges near Dublin at the west, with a promise, that if the prelate should thereafter desire to take the lands of Rathcoole into his own hands, he might participate in the commonage, and by a yet later charter, he granted to them all the customs and privileges which the burgesses of Bristol enjoyed. For a notice in 1312, see at " Saggard." — About the year 1326 an extent was taken of the manor, on which occasion its limits were defined, and part stated to be waste, as lying amongst the Irish. Within it was situated the religious house of Newtown, a chapelry subservient to the church of Saggard. RATHCOOLE. 729 In 1337 King Edward confirmed the church of Rathcoole and its tithes to the see of Dublin. In 1450 Archbishop Mey, with the consent of his dean and chapter, united his mensal tithes here for ever to the chantry of St. Anne's chapel, within St. Peter's church, Drogheda. For a notice in 1488, see the " General History of the County of Dublin." In 1509 William Locke of Colemanstown was seised of a small part of Rathcoole.* At which time also, a branch of the Talbot family was settled there. — For a notice of its tithes in 1530, see at " Clondalkin," and of its rectory in 1547, at « Esker." In 1547 the extent of the possessions of the Dean of St. Pa- trick's here, in tithes of corn and hay was specially found, while the same inquisition states, that the altarages of the parish church were assigned to the curate for his portion, and that the repair of the chancel was borne by the dean. The dean had also thirteen acres here, which were given to the vicar on his endowment. The vicar had, likewise, the great tithes of Rathcredan and Windmill, and the small tithes of the whole parish. By the same inquisition it appears, that the vicars choral of St. Patrick's had some small pieces of land here, with certain tithes, and the tithes of the mill. Immediately afterwards, Dean Bassenet, having surrendered his deanery to the king, and by imprisonment compelled the confir- mation thereof by the precentor, treasurer, two archdeacons, and fifteen of the prebendaries, received various preferments and grants as the reward of his treachery, and amongst these had a lease of the rectories of Rathcoole, Esker, Clondalkin, Tallagh, and various lands therein, for the term of his life, at the annual rent of £200. tie had, likewise, an annuity of 200 marks assigned to him. In 1599 Thomas Faoan died seised of six messuages and 120 acres here, which he held of the Archbishop of Dublin by fealty, as of his manor of Rathcoole. For a notice in 1609, see at " Lucan." In 1620 George Taylor died seised of a messuage and 15a. here, while James Bee was about the same time seised in tail male of 30a., and Thomas Allen of 12a. here, with 300a. of mountain in * Alan's Regist. MS. 730 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Brittas, the latter held his portion under Sir William Parsons, baronet. William Sarsfield of Lucan was then also seised of 50a. in this parish, which he forfeited in the confiscations of 1641. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory of Rathcoole as appertaining to the deanery of St. Patrick's, that the vicarage was worth £15 per annum, Emanuel Bullock, vicar ; that the church was in good repair, and the chancel in ruins, but that the dean was bound by his recognizance to repair it. For a notice in 1620, see at " Newcastle," in 1626 see at " Clondalkin," and of the Fagan possessions here in 1629, see at " Kilmainham." A horrible circumstance, referring to this locality in 1641, is detailed in one of the letters of Colonel Mervyn Touchet to his brother, the Earl of Castlehaven : — " When the rebellion broke out in the North," he says, " you were in Munster, and on the news, you immediately repaired to Dublin to the Lords Justices, Sir William Parsons and Sir John Borlase, where you acquainted them with your willingness to serve the king against the rebels, as your ancestors had formerly done in Ireland on the like occa- sions; to which they replied, your religion was an obstacle." The writer then reminds his relative of the protection he had afforded to the English at his house in the county of Kildare, until, it be- coming unsafe to keep them longer, the colonel was directed to convey them to Dublin. " In the passage, however, near Rath- coole, the rebels fell upon them, barbarously killed some, and wounded others, myself and one more escaping by the goodness of our horses. But, a servant of mine governing the carts, and being an Englishman, they took, and, whilst they were preparing to hang him, Sir John Dongan's eldest son, Walter Dongan, came forth from his father's house with a party, and rescued him with the rest of those that were left alive, and brought them safe to Dublin, where I was got. In a few days afterwards, the Marquis of Ormonde sent out a party towards the place where this murder had been committed, I went with them, and coming near, we met Sir Arthur Loftus, governor of the Naas, with a party of horse and dragoons, having killed such of the Irish as they met. But, the most considerable slaughter was in a great straight of furze, seated on a hill, where the people of several villages taking the alarm had sheltered themselves. Now, Sir Arthur having in- RATHCOOLE. 731 vested the hill, set the furze on fire on all sides, where the people being in considerable number, were all burned or killed, men, women, and children ; I saw the bodies and furze still burning."*" What a scene does this present of the many horrible tragedies that were then enacted, and since too frequently revived over this devoted country. Cromwell, during his subsequent career of slaughter, confisca- tion, and religious persecution, sojourned for a day in this village, and fought one of his sanguinary engagements in its vicinity. For a notice of the Eustace possessions here in 1663, see at " Clondalkin." In 1666 James Duke of York passed patent for 150a. in Rathcoole, Calestown 295a., Rathcredan 164a., Clon- dalkin 58a., Corkagh 41a., Colemanstown 10a., &c. plantation measure, as did Sir Theophilus Jones in the following year for 33a. like measure here. For a notice of the Luttrell possessions here in 1673, see at " Esker," while in 1682 Christopher Fagan died seised of sixty acres here. In 1688 Thomas Thacker of Rathcoole, clerk, was one of those attainted in King James's parliament, as was also Viscount Tracy of Rathcoole. On the 10th of July, 1690, King William leaving Crumlin, proceeded with his army on his march to Limerick. On the same day, he encamped between Naas and Rathcoole, where, says Story, " little remarkable happened, except the king's great care to keep the soldiers from plundering the country, and every night it was given out in orders, that on pain of death, no man should go beyond the line in the camp, or take violently to the least value from either Protestant or Papist." For a notice in 1697, see at " Newcastle." In 1703 Richard Baldwin, afterwards Provost of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, had a grant of part of Rathcoole, " the estate of Richard Fagan, attainted ;" while Paul Barry passed patent for six acres of King James's estate here. In 1713 Dean Swift wrote to Archbishop King in reference to this benefice : — " The other day Mr. Thacker, Prebendary of * Casilehuven's Memoirs. 732 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Saggard and Vicar of Rathcoole, died, and it would be a great mark of goodness in your Grace, as well as a personal favour to me, if you would please to dispose of his livings in favour of Mr. Thomas Warburton, who has been many years my assistant in the cure of Laracor, has behaved himself altogether uublameably, and is a gentleman of very good learning and sense. If I knew any one more deserving, I would not recommend him, neither would I do it, however, because I know your Grace has a great many dependants, but that it will be a great use to me to have a vicar in one of my rectories, and upon my deanery, in whom I can con- fide ; I am told the livings amount to £120 per annum, at most." The application was however unsuccessful, and Thacker was suc- ceeded by Edward Drury. In 1734 a school was endowed here by Mrs. Mercer, who left her estates to five trustees, for the purpose of paying annually thereout, in the first place £100 to the sick poor of the parishes of St. Brigid, St. Peter's, St. Nicholas 'Without, and St. Luke ; and next, so much for the maintenance of as many Protestant children as the residue of the income could afford. The school- house here was accordingly completed in ten years, and is a good substantial building, in excellent repair. The income available for its support, was stated in 1812 as £635 16s. 9d., (subject to the £100 per annum for the sick poor,) with a prospect of increase on the determination of certain leases. Savings had also, at that time, given an increase of £22 per annum to the funds of the charity, while the annual expenditure was then calculated as not more than £500. There are fifty female children educated upon this establishment, being the full number intended by the endowment. The scholars are maintained and clothed, and many of them ap- prenticed. A parliamentary return of 1835 states the annual income of this institution, as then from £750 to £800. Its situ- ation has been some years since changed to Castleknock. This locality, it but remains to add, gives title of viscount to the family of Tracy, a dignity at present in abeyance. Passing out of the village, and by the hill which assumes its name, and is surmounted with the ruins of a once extensive windmill, the traveller enters into RATHCOOLE. 733 the county of Kildare, whence, over an elevated plain, with the hills of Allen, Grange, Kildare, and Kill in view, he is led through the villages of Kill and Johns- town, by a fine, broad, and handsomely fenced road, having Lord Mayo's demesne at right, and the Wick- low hills in the opposite distance, their hollows most usually filled with dark shades, and their eminences traversed by light clouds and sunshine. Presently, a little burial-place at left invites attention, with its miniature pyramid tombs, commemorative of the Mayo family, in one of which reposes the once celebrated Hussey Burgh. Continuing this line through Naas and a further portion of the county of Kildare, the traveller again enters that remote and singularly isolated portion of the county of Dublin, which comprises the parishes of Tipperkevin and Bally more-Eustace, a district once the most unhappily situated of any in Ireland, its un- fortunate inhabitants having been too obviously de- voted to the ravages of the Irish tribes, or crushed by the tyranny of the English, compelled by the one party into confederacies, in which they had fain not participated, yet, denied by the other the benefits of protection and legislation. This far removed outskirt of the Pale having been the property of the church, its early classification in the barony of Uppercross and county of Dublin, was the necessary result of the constitution of the Crocea? or cross lands before alluded to, and the dis- tinct jurisdiction of the king's sheriffs, and the arch- bishop's. 734 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. TIPPERKEVIN, the first locality worthy of notice within it, constitutes a prebend in St. Patrick's cathedral, of the annual value of £224 11 s. 8d. 9 the rectory being part of the corps thereof. The parish, according to the parliamentary return of 1824, has been assessed as containing 1800a., in ten townlands, with a population returned in 1834 as 766 persons, of whom it is stated that but forty-three were Protestants. It has compounded for its tithes at £127 per annum, and has a glebe of seventy-eight acres. In the village is a well, dedicated to St. Kevin, from which the locality takes the name, more cor- rectly Tobber-Kevin ; near it is the old churchyard, with the ruins of a church, exhibiting a chancel eleven yards long by five broad, and an aisle fifteen yards by five and a half. The old perforated baptismal font has still kept its place in the aisle, while a blooming, fragrant hawthorn, and a leafless, blasted ash, em- blems of youth and mortality, are rooted in the ruins. No tombs worthy of notice are discoverable here, although it is said to have been the place of inter- ment of several members of the Eustace family. The new church of the parish is situated on the townland of Elverstown, and is a small, but handsome struc- ture ; the belfry evinces more especial taste. Near its site, on the same townland, were slate quarries, long since exhausted. TIPPERKEVIN. 735 The church of Tipperkevin was, at the time of Archbishop Comyn, endowed with a carucate of land by Robert Fitzmaurice, at that time lord of the manor, and is stated to be situated within the cross of the archbishop, being part of his lordship of Bally- more. About the year 1200 the same prelate released to William Grennett, in consideration of his good services, fifty-seven shil- lings chief rent, issuing out of lands here and in Dowdinstown. In 1216 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed Tipperkevin, with its appurtenances, to the see of Dublin. For notices in 1227 and about 1268, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1303 Archbishop de Feringes appropriated this church with its appendant chapels to the support of two prebendaries in St. Patrick's cathedral, who, at the time of their admission, were sworn to pay annually to the Economy Fund the sum of eight marks, sterling, and a proper stipend for the vicars. In 1306 both these prebends were valued at £10 per annum. In 1415 John Pedewell, Prebendary of one portion, had leave of absence from Ireland for two years without incurring the pe- nalties of an absentee, he having occasion to go to the court of Rome on matters connected with his station and the spiritual wel- fare of his prebend.* In 1468, on the occasion of a visitation held in St. Patrick's Cathedral, the dean reported that he had visited the canons, petit canons, and vicars choral, and that all the prebends were likewise visited except Tipperkevin, Tipper, Ballymore, Dunlavin, Yagoe, Donaghmore in Omayle, Stagonil, and Monmohenock, " which lay in the Irish territory or on the marches of the Pale, so that he dared not to visit them on account of the war in these parts, and except also Howth and Mullaghiddart. Then after some ques- tions asked as to the hospitality of the dean and canons the visi- tation was adjourned."| In 1534 Viscount Baltinglass was seised in fee of the lands of White's Lane, near Tipperkevin, containing a castle and thirty-one acres of ground, which he forfeited by taking arms against the king. * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. t MS. in T. C. D. 736 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1539 the prebends of Tipperkevin were taxed to the First Fruits, one at £5 6s. 8d., and the other at £4, Irish, while an inquisition of 1547 defines the extent and value of the tithes of the parish, the altarages ing allowed to the curate and the former bound to the repair of the chancel. In 1555, when the ancient foundation of the metropolitan and prebendary church and chapter of St. Patrick was revived and restored, Tipperkevin was recognised as divided into two pre- bends, and so accordingly continues in the Roman Catholic dis- pensation ; but in the Protestant they were immediately after- wards conferred as one, and were episcopally consolidated in 1643, as hereafter mentioned. In 1560 John Garvey, Prebendary of one portion of Tipper- kevin, obtained a patent granting to him all the franchises of an English born subject. He w r as subsequently Bishop of Kilmore, and in 1589 was translated to Armagh. In the latter year John Eustace had a lease for twenty-one years of Morganstown, 20a., in this parish, parcel of the estate of Thomas Eustace, attainted.* In 1593 Edward Edgeworth, Prebendary of Tipperkevin, was consecrated Bishop of Down and Connor, holding this his prebend and the rectory of St. Michan, with other benefices, in commen- dam. In 1606 Edmund Eustace died seised of the town of " El- vardstown, alias Aylewardstown," in this parish, one castle, six messuages, and 180a. ; Burgagemoile, one castle, four messuages, and 70a. ; Ballymore one castle, six messuages, and 42Ja., called the Talbot's land and Bennett's land. The regal visitation of 1615 states this prebend as worth forty marks, and that Richard Bathe was prebendary, that the rectory appertained to the prebend, that Walter Younge was curate, that the church .and chancel were in good repair, and that the Book of Common Prayer, translated into Irish, was used there. In 1618 the lease mentioned at 1589 was renewed for thirty- four years to one of the Eustace family, a descendant of whom, Walter Eustace, in the confiscations of 1641, forfeited Elvards- Rot. in Cane. Hib. TIPPERKE VIN. 737 town in this parish, 403a. In 1643 Archbishop Bulkeley de- creed, with the consent of the dean and chapter, that the two por- tions of this prebend should " from thenceforth be perpetually united propter e.vititatem, &c," which union was continued in the Protestant Church ever since. In 1667 the Archbishop of Dublin had a grant of a house and sixty acres, plantation measure, here, with various other lands as part of the augmentation of the see. In the confiscations of 1688 Richard Earl of Tyrconnel for- feited 150a. here,* of which Edward Graham obtained a grant in 1703, while Bartholomew Peasley was the patentee of a ruinous castle, one messuage, and certain lands here, subject to a chief rent, which was lately purchased by Edward Tickell, Esq., Q. C, a lineal descendant of Tickell the poet and of the Eustace family in the maternal line. In 1773 the prebendary returned the glebe as containing 62a. 3r. 6p: The succession of the Prebendaries of Tipperkevin has been thus far ascertained : — 1305 Robert de Carleton. 1380 Thomas de Thelwall. 1409 John Pedewell. 1438 I R°g er Stedman. \ John Bucknall. 1523 Robert Eustace. {James Humphrey. Stedman. 1534 Richard Wakefield. 1535 John Bailey. {Richard Wakefield. William Cockys. 1555 \ J ° hn W ° gan " I William Younge. 1559 Richard Johnston. 1560 John Garvey. 1546 1593 Edward Edgeworth. 1615 Richard Bathe. 1627 Edward Parry. 1636 John Ware. 1643 Donat Connor. 1660 James Vaughan. 1680 John Syddell. 1697 Philip Walsh. 1740 Allen Morgan. 1759 Robert King. 1782 Robert Baylis Dealtry. 1786 John Bradshaw. 1817 Frederick Eyre Trench. Joseph Druit. 1820 Robert Wynne. 1830 John Crosthwaite. Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 3 B 738 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. As the course of the excursion approached Bally- more, a lovely golden sunset played over the hills and groves that surround the ancient patrimony of the Eustaces, and invested, as with a halo of glory, the steeple of the church that crowns the eminence above the village. Approaching the latter, at right appear the ruins of Lord Mountcashers lodge, the absentee proprietor of a considerable portion of the soil ; while at left, an uncultivated hilly tract of ecclesiastical pro- perty is only relieved by the picturesque appearance of the houses of the town, the yet more interesting glimpses of the lovely LifFey, winding its silvery course through the valley, and the distant groves of Hollywood filling the centre of the foreground. BALLYMO RE-EUSTACE, i. e. the great town of the Eustaces, is situated on the LifFey, over which it has a fine bridge of six arches. Circumstances above suggested have precluded ^its prosperity, while the diversion of the mail coach road, which now runs through Kilcullen, completed its de- cline. In it, surrounded by some very old trees, are the remains of a once noble castle of the family who gave the locality its name ; but the lordly pile was "a too convenient quarry for the formation of modern tenements; and the commoners, who spoliated the lands here by long continued adverse possession, have been not more scrupulous in subjecting the wreck of the castle to their piracy ; nor are the vestiges of the ancient church, which was dedicated to the Blessed BALLYMORE-EUSTACE. 739 Virgin, much more definable. It was situated, as before mentioned, on a great height above the town, and presents a mutilated gable and window, with con- fused masses of strongly cemented walls, which, being scattered over the grave-yard, half buried in the soil, half rising obliquely above it, give an indescribable forlorn appearance to this consecrated ground. Amidst them stands the modern church, which, though built so recently as 1820, already exhibits such symptoms of decay, that the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have been obliged to contribute, and but inefficiently, for its repair. It has no monuments ; but in the sur- rounding churchyard are some tombstones, especially one to the Rev. Edward O'Brien, who died in 1832, curate of this place ; another to the Rev. Michael Devoy, Roman Catholic pastor of Ballymore-Eustace and Hollywood, who died in 1809. Within it may also be seen the old baptismal font, a very tall and perfect ancient cross, and another, of which half the top circle has been broken off. At a short distance from the church, is a small moat ; and in a different direction, but also near the town, is another, called Knock-shee, in which cavern chambers, linked by a common passage, like those mentioned at Lucan, have been discovered, and bones and urns are said to have been found within them, but the whole has been since covered up. There is likewise in the town a spacious and remarkably neat Roman Catholic church, and a National school, at- tended by about ninety boys and fifty girls, to the support of which the Board allows £30 annually, 3 b 2 740 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. having given £41 13s. 4d. towards its erection. On the edge of the river, in a very pretty situation, are the buildings of a factory, once kept up by Mr. Drom- goole, but now idle and deserted. The parish, according to the return of 1824, ex- tends over nineteen townlands, rated to the county cess as 2000a. ; and its population was returned in 1831 as 2085 persons, of whom 2000 were Roman Catholics. The rectory is impropriate, partly in the treasurer and partly in the economy of St. Patrick's cathedral ; while the vicarage has been episcopally united in 1816 with those of Yagoe and Ballybought and the curacy of Cotlandstown, the patronage being in the gift of the Archbishop of Dublin. There is no glebe-house ; and, according to the parliamentary returns of 1807 and 1820, no glebe ; yet it does ap- pear by the minutes of the Chapter of St. Patrick's, that the treasurer of that cathedral had glebe here to the extent of 34a. 2k. 16p. arable and pasture, and 6a. 3r. 23p. of common, which was leased in 1810 for £8 per annum. The Roman Catholic union includes with this parish those of Hollywood and Ballybought, The fee of this is partly in the see of Dublin, partly in the Lord Mountcashel, another portion in Baron de Robeck, in right of his wife ; and the manorial rights are in the Honourable William Moore. Rent here varies from 15s. to £2 per acre; while a cabin, without land, is let for £l 10s. per annum. Previous to Cardinal Paparo's synod, Ballymore was a rural bishopric. Prince John, while Earl of Moreton, gave the lands to the see BALLYMOIiE-EUSTACE. 741 of Dublin ; a grant which was afterwards confirmed by Poj3e Cle- ment the Third, and again by Pope Innocent the Third in 1216. A controversy, however, existing between the Archbishop and William Lord of Naas, in reference to their respective bounda- ries, it was agreed between them, that the road from Redmoor, near the castle of Donard, to the river LifFey, should be their di- vision ; the prelate's portion to be south of that road, and the Lord's of Naas at the north. Prince John also gave to the see of Dublin that half of the abbey -land of Glendalough which lay next to the Archbishop's castle of Ballymore, with all pastures, woods, forests, &c, and granted license for a weekly market to be held on Saturday in this town. Archbishop Cornyn, in his charter to the College of St. Pa- trick's, Dublin, which was confirmed in 1191 by Pope Celestine, gave (inter alia) the lands of Ballymore to that establishment, ex- cepting the tithes of wool, that had been previously granted to the monastery of Grace Dieu. For a notice in 1227, see the " Me- moirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1234 King Henry confirmed the Archbishop's right of hold- ing an eight day fair here, to commence on the eve of the Assump- tion of the Blessed Virgin. About the year 1235 Archbishop Luke granted this church to the treasurer of St. Patrick's, in exchange for Clonkene, which, with its five appendant chapels, was conferred upon Christ Church by that prelate. But, although the church was so united to the treasurership, the tithes of the demesne land accrued to the Eco- nomy. In 1284 King Edward granted to John de Sanford, Archbi- shop of Dublin, free warren in all his lordships in the mountains of the county of Dublin, so that none should hunt therein without the license of the said archbishop or his successors. In 1305 this town suffered considerably by fire. In 1320 Mo- riarty Mac Murrough, William Mac Comin, and other notorious felons, were received in the camp of the Archbishop of Dublin at Ballymore, and transmitted under safe custody to the castle of Dublin* * Rot. in Cane. Hib. 742 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. About the year 1326 an extent was taken before the sheriff of the county as to the limits of this manor ; and in 1337 King Ed- ward confirmed it to the see. - In 1355 a strong ward was placed here to guard the marches from the O'Byrnes, &c. In the following year the king com- manded Maurice Earl of Kildare to strengthen and maintain his possessions at Kilkea, Rathmore, and Ballymore, under penalty of forfeiting the same and all other estates granted to his grand- father .* In 1373 Thomas Archbishop of Dublin appointed Thomas Filz Eustace, son of Almaric Fitz Eustace, constable of the castle of Ballymore, with a salary of £10 per annum, provided he should reside there with his family, and govern the tenants without ex- tortion, and guard and maintain the fortress. In 1395 King Richard, while in Dublin, confirmed the rights of the archbishop herein. In 1419 O'Toole " took 400 cows belonging unto Ballymore, thereby breaking the peace contrary to his oath.f" For a notice in 1468, see at " Tipperkevin." In 1484 on the resignation of Archbishop Walton, Gerald Earl of Kildare, then Lord Deputy, forcibly entered into and took possession of twenty-four townlands belonging to the see of Dub- lin, in the lordships of Ballymore and Castlekevin, and held them to the time of his death. Possibly, these were of the lands alie- nated by Doctor Walton's predecessors, Talbot and Tregury, and which were restored by act of parliament to the see. Archbishop Fitz Simons, the successor of Walton, never took proceedings for their recovery, although he was a man of power, was Chancellor, and Deputy, and Archbishop during twenty-seven years. His successor, William Rokeby, in 1514 petitioned Gerald Earl of Kildare (son of the former) and the Council for a restitution, and the matter in contest was, thereupon, referred to Patrick Ber- mingham and Richard de la Hoyde, Justices, and Bartholomew Dillon, Chief Baron, who, two years afterwards, made an award in favour of the archbishop, and restored the see to its rights after a dispossession of about thirty-two years. The house of Kildare, * Rot. in Cane. Hib. t Marleburgh's Chronicle. B A LLYM ORE-EUSTACE. 743 however, still laid claim to these lands, and again forcibly seized them, and Harris, from whom this notice was copied, adds, that he had seen a petition of Archbishop Inge to the Earl of Sur- rey, Lord Lieutenant, against Thomas Fitzgerald, complaining of this force, and desiring a restitution, which was decreed in 1521, from which period the see has enjoyed them without oppo- sition.* For a notice of Ballymore in 1488, see the " General History of the County of Dublin," and in 1517, see at " Belgard." In 1524 Robert Talbot of Belgard was slain near Ballymore by the Fitzgeralds, when on his way to keep his Christmas with the Deputy .f See at " Belgard." In 1537 Robert Cowley, writing to Lord Cromwell, says, " Ballymore and Tallagh ' longing to the Archbishop of Dublin, standeth most for the defence of the counties of Dublin and Kil- dare, against the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes, be it therefore ordered, that the commissioners shall see such farmers or tenants there as shall be hardy marchers, able to defend that marches.":]: On the dissolution, an inquisition found the treasurer of St. Patrick's seised of a fortress with its appurtenances here, and twenty-four acres of arable land, while the tithes of the rectory and demesne were valued at £29, half the altarages being assigned to the curate, and the farmer of the tithes being bound to repair the chancel. In 1578 Rory Oge O'More burned this town, which was then accounted amongst the " walled and good towns" of this county. In 1G04 John Hoey, Esq., his Majesty's Serjeant-at-arms, had a grant of the town of Ballymore, with a thatched castle and 100 acres, as also common of pasture in the Braddle and Bishop's Hill in Ballymore, parcel of the estate of James Eustace, Viscount Baltinglass, to hold for forty-five years, subject to a chief rent.§ — For a notice in 1608, see at " Tipperkevin." In 1608 the king revived, in favour of Thomas Archbishop of Dublin, the rights of holding markets and fairs here. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory as part of the * Ware's Bishops, Harris's Ed. p. 342. t Campion's Hist, of Ireland. \ State Papers, temp. Hen. VIII. § Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 744 COUNTY OF DUBLIX. corps of the treasurer of St. Patrick's, and, that John Bathe was curate, and used the Book of Common Prayer, lately translated into Irish. In the confiscations of 1641, Richard Belling forfeited Bally- bought, White-leys, hereafter mentioned, Ballymore, containing 200a., 190a. of Newtown near Rathcoole in the parish of Sag- gard, and 18a. more in the parish of Ballymore, which he held of the Archbishop of Dublin, while Walter Eustace forfeited the castle and 60a,, which he also held under that prelate. The Commonwealth surveyors stated the quantity of commons here to be then 333a. plantation measure, including 15a. part of Russelstown. In 1666 James Duke of York obtained a grant of 30a. planta- tion measure here, kc, as did Sir Richard Belling of 18a. like measure, with 765a. in Ballybought adjacent, while the Arch- bishop of Dublin had a grant of 200a. plantation measure here, with sundry other lands in augmentation of his see. In 1685 the tithes belonging to the chapter of St. Patrick's in this parish were valued at £3 per annum, and in 1707 it was pro- vided by act of parliament, that the union, which theretofore existed between this vicarage and that of Burgage, should be dissolved — For a notice in 1787, see at the " LifFey." In 1798 the church here was destroyed by the rebels. In 1812 the tithes of Ballymore, Kilbride, and Cloghran, were granted to the prebendary of Dunlavin during incumbency, at £25 per annum rent; and in 1814 the several commons, commonable lands, and waste grounds in the parish, to the extent of 320a., were enclosed under the authority of an act of parliament (54 Geo. III. c. lxxxviii. local.) Near Ballymore was the church of Lechohan, which Arch- bishop Allen describes as in ruins in his time, and its rights seve- rally claimed by the rectors of Ballymore, Ballybought, and Hollywood. It lay, as he states, near the Sigin, a small river that discharges itself into the LifFey, and was probably, as Mr. Mason conjectures, situated on that part of the commons of Ballymore, now known by the denomination of the Broad Leas.* * Mason's St. Patrick's, p. 41. THE FAMILY OF EUSTACE. 745 The Family of Eustace, who have been perpetuated in the name and ancient inheritance of this locality, according to de Burgo, who himself relies upon an inscription on a monument in the church of St. Sextus, derive their origin from the Roman martyr St. Eustachius, a descend- ant of whom passed into England in the time of the Saxon kings. Without, however, any heraldic effort to antedate the existence of this noble house, its Irish branch may be traced to that adventu- rer of the first water, Maurice Fitzgerald, to whom Henry the Second gave the barony of Naas. His relative Eustace, the founder of this line, inherited the northern parts thereof, with part of the barony of Kilcullen, and a descendant of his, Richard Fitz Eustace, was Baron of Castlemartin in 1200, while others became Barons of Harristown and Portlester. In 1356 a member of the family founded the Dominican monastery at Naas, and according to de Burgo, in due reverence to their reputed origin, dedicated it to St. Eustachius. In 1454 Sir Edward Fitz Eustace, being Lord Deputy, "a w arlike knight, and fitted for a government which required activity and vigour," routed the O'Conors of Offaley in that memorable engagement, where Leland records the generous contest between a father and son, of that Irish sept, each seeking by self-devotion to save the other from the vengeance of the enemy. Sir Rowland Eustace (son of Sir Edward of Harristown) was created Baron of Portlester, with the manor annexed in tail male, and afterwards Lord Chancellor and Treasurer of Ireland. In 1462 he founded the Franciscan monastery of New Abbey, in the county Kildare, and also the beautifnl structure called from him Portlester's chapel, within the precincts of St. Audeon's parish church, Dublin. In 1475 he and Sir Robert Eustace were the two most noble and worthy persons appointed to represent the county of Kildare in the honourable order of the brother- hood of St. George. The former afterwards, in his zeal for the house of York, espoused the cause of the pretender Lambert Simnel, but was pardoned on doing homage to Sir Richard Edgecombe. James Eustace of Tipperkevin was a forfeiting 746 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. proprietor in the Geraldine rebellion, as were Thomas Eustace of Cardiston, and Christopher Eustace of Cotlandstown, in the county Kildare. In the parliament of 1541, Viscount Baltinglass was one of the sitting peers, and in 1542 had a grant of the Abbey of Baltinglass, with all its possessions. In 1580 the Eustaces took part with the oppressed O'Tooles, and joined them in resisting the wild expedition of Lord Gray into the romantic valley of Glenmalure. The Viscount Baltin- glass was, by inquisition consequent thereupon, found seised of one castle, one messuage, 50a. arable, 2a. underwood, and 8a. pasture, with the appurtenances which he had demised to James Bathe. Maurice Eustace was at the same time seised of Maurice- town-Moynagh, as was Thomas Eustace of Cardiffstown, James Eustace of Galmorestown, John Eustace of Flemingstown, and Stephenstown, in the county Kildare, and Thomas Eustace of Mollaghcash, Moone, &c. In 1594 Edward Eustace had a grant of the chief possessions of the dissolved Abbey of Enniscorthy, while other members of the family were at the same period respectively seised of Ken- neigh, Blackrath, Clongowes-wood, Norragh, Confee, Harristown, Liscarton, Newland, Clonaghliffe, Simmonstown, the Newtown of Clane, &c, most of which estates were forfeited by their heirs, in the confiscations that ensued after the troubles of 1641. In 1639 the Irish House of Commons elected Mr. Sergeant Maurice Eustace their Speaker, " a wise, learned, and discreet man, and of great integrity." His speech, at the opening of the parliament in 1639, is preserved in the Commons' Journals ; and in 1642 he published "a letter concerning divers passages in the parliament of Ireland and another, being " a perfect relation of the last true newes from Ireland." In the same year his majesty appointed him one of the commissioners to confer with the Catho- lic confederates, and receive their proposals in writing ; and, in 1647, he was honoured with a vote of thanks from the House of Commons, for " his singular affection to the English nation, his public service, and his earnest advancement of the Protestant reli- gion." In 166o he took out a fresh or confirmatory patent for his ancient inheritance in the counties of Kildare and Dublin, THE FAMILY OF EUSTACE. 747 which had been secured to him by the Act of Settlement, and also by a private act of parliament ; and in the same year was ap- pointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland. In 1688 Sir Maurice Eustace, son of the Chancellor, and grandson of William Fitz John Eustace, of Castlemartin, was colonel of the 19th regiment of foot, in King James's service, at the siege of Derry ; while, in the last parliament convened by that monarch, James Eustace and Maurice Eustace were the represen- tatives for the borough of Blessington. A remarkable inquisition of 1690 states, that Francis and Oli- ver Eustace had been in actual rebellion in 1689 ; and after the battle, " in English called the battle of the Boyne," departed with Richard Earl of Tyrconnell, William Earl of Limerick, and other traitors and malefactors, then in rebellion, to other rebels and traitors beyond the river, " in English called the river Shannon," and there continued, &c, and the jury thereupon found their pos- sessions as the consequent right of King William. Maurice Eus- tace, of Yearmanstown, was one of those subsequently included in the Articles of Limerick as entitled to be restored to his estates and property. In 1697 an act was passed for settling certain rectories accord- ing to the will of Sir Maurice Eustace ; and in 1720 another statute authorized the sale of his estates for the payment of his debts. The most celebrated individual of the name in modern times was the Rev. John Chetwode Eustace, a Roman Catholic clergyman, the well known author of the " Classical Tour through Italy," and who died of fever at Naples, in the progress of a second similar journey. Passing from Ballymore into that portion of the parish of Ballybought, which is classed in the county of Dublin, at right is seen amongst trees, and near the ruins of the castle, the once celebrated well, called Tobber-na-gras, which Archer, in his Sur- vey, says, petrifies even grass and moss. " These," he adds, " are found in great abundance hard, 748 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. formed like a honey-comb, from the top to the bot- tom of this running water, which appears red at a distance. At the same place, along the Liffey, are large banks of concretion of sand and small stones, on which acid fermented as on limestone." A little be- yond this the tourist should descend at left to where the Liffey makes a most picturesque fall, called the Golden water, hurling itself in various, foamy chan- nels through the fissures of the rocks. Returning to the road, and continuing its course, a very curious circle of large detached rocks, measur- ing about twenty-four yards in diameter, is seen at right, popularly called the " Piper's Stones," from a tradition, that such music used to be heard there in times, when " the good people" were more liberal in their intercourses with the sons of men. These mute evidences of high antiquity are generally supposed to mark places of pristine legislation ; and, in confirma- tion of that opinion, the classical tourist will bethink him of the circle of stones, within which the Council of Elders was represented as sitting, in one of the compartments of the shield of Achilles : ol Be yepovTEg Eiar £7T£ t,£(J70l(JL XlOoiC, ISplO tVl KVkX the town of the rocky mountain ; a most romantic tract of ground, well justifying the characteristic wild- ness of its immemorial appellation. 752 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. It has been successively the fee of the Talbot and Dillon families, and has vested in the present pro- prietor, Mr. Dillon Trant, in their right, as particu- larly mentioned at " Belgard." Under his fostering care, the marauders of these mountain recesses have become agriculturists, civilization advances into a district long consigned to the rude magnificence of nature, the wilderness smiles under his auspices, and is rapidly exhibiting the enhancing attractions of cheerful cottages, extending farms, green glens and undulations crowned with golden harvests. A steep, rugged ravine still traverses the valley, and in winter receives the rivulets, or rather torrents, that tumble from the surrounding hills, while one constant stream brawls through its wild herbage, or occasionally falls in silvery cataracts over its rocks. This picturesque tract derives yet greater interest, when contrasted in particular points of view with the bare brows of the mountains that rise beyond it, sometimes wrapt in wreaths of mist, and even more frequently glittering in diadems of snow. Rent on this portion of Mr. Trant's property rates from £l to £l 5s. per acre, the landlord building a comfortable cottage without fine or charge, and also giving the accommodation of commonage and turbary. The botany, that luxuriates on the margins of the rills and skirts of the glens here, affords a grateful enjoyment to those who appreciate the pleasures of that science. In particular they will find abundant here, stachys ambigua, ambiguous wound-wort. — In BALLYNASCORNEY. 753 the gap, the vicia sylvatica, with its beautiful flowers, a most elegant, wild, climbing plant, having more nutritive matter than other vetches, and, therefore, well worthy of cultivation. — In the glen, symphitum officinale, comfrey, flowering in May and June, the leaves of which give a grateful flavour to cakes ; hy- men ophyllum Tunbridgense, filmy fern ; osmunda regalis, common osmund royal ; lycopodium clava- tum, common club-moss, the noblest of native ferns, used in Sweden for mats, while its seeds, being in- flammable, are applied to make artificial lightning on the stage ; equisetum sylvaticum, wood horse tail, the prettiest of the species flowering in April and May ; orchis viridis, frog orchis ; carex pallescens, pale sedge ; botrychium lunaria, moon-wort ; populus tremula, aspen, celebrated for the tremulous move- ment of its leaves, in the slightest breath of air, &c. In reference to its geology, strata of greenstone and greenstone porphyry may be seen in the deep natural sections, with which this part of the country abounds. Those greenstones graduate into the schis- tose rocks. This locality, it is to be remarked, gives name to a range of hills in the barony, called the Brakes of Ballynascorney. Passing hence along the banks of the Dodder towards its source, and leaving at left Piperstown, a ragged village in a lovely valley, let down among green hills and watered by a fine rivulet, a succession of wild and interesting scenery conducts to the holy well, church, and ancient burial-ground of 3 c 754 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. KILL-NA-SANTAN, i. e. the church of St. Anne, situated on one of the elevations of an exceedingly sequestered glen, and immediately over the Dodder. A peasant of years and it would seem of sorrows, officiated as guide from the adjoining village of Brakes down into the conse- crated ground, and, as he pointed to the rude and broken granite crosses on the piers of its entrance, and the large broken font inside the gate, and some tombs of the last century, uniformly and grotesquely sculptured, commemorative of the former inhabitants of this sequestered retreat, his countenance spoke a chastened hope that he too would sleep there, and be associated with the holy recollections of its soil. The ruins of the church enclose eighteen paces in length, by five in width, and, although built at a very early period and in a very lonely spot, exhibit some creditable knowledge of architecture. Depen- dant upon it was the chapel of Kilbride, which lies in the glen, near the Liffey, between Knoctelowne and the Golden Hill, and was called Kilbride Ogadre. Killnasantan was one of the churches granted by Archbishop Comyn to the College of St. Patrick's, and confirmed thereto by the Bull of Pope Celestine the Third in 1191. It was then and previously accounted as in the diocese of Dublin. In 1216 Pope Innocent the Third confirmed it, with all its appurtenances, to the see of Dublin. For a notice in 1227, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." In 1231 Archbishop Luke granted this church and Kilbride, with their appurtenances, as an additional support for the economy KILLNASANTAN. 755 of St. Patrick's cathedral, expectant, however, on the decease of Andrew de Menavia, to whom the archbishop had previously granted this as a prebend. In 1306 this district was returned as " waste by war," and for a further notice of its desolation, see at " Tallagh" in 1326. In 1513 the Prior of St. John's without Newgate demised to the Archbishop of Dublin 30a. at Killnasantan for fifty years. An inquisition of 1547 finds annexed to this church a demesne of 100a., states the extent of the tithes belonging to the economy of St. Patrick's, the curate's stipend, kc. — For a further notice in this year, see at " Templeogue." The regal visitation of 1615 reports the rectory as appertaining to the economy of St. Patrick's cathedral, and the curacy annexed to the vicars of that establish- ment. About that time, the situation of the church being found inconvenient, a chapel was erected at Templeogue, as hereafter mentioned, and this ceased to be a place of worship. In 1754 and 1755 Charles Cobbe, Archbishop of Dublin, leased to Mr. Thomas Cobbe, the mountain, town, and lands of Glasnamucky, with other lands therein after-mentioned, Bally- slater, Killnasantan, and Castlekelly, in the barony of Uppercross, and counties of Dublin and Wicklow, as containing by estimation 60a., bounded on the east by the lands of Oldcourt and Killakee, on the south by the bogs in the county of Wicklow, on the west by the lands of Ballynascorney, and on the north by the lands of Friarstown. Proceeding hence, up the banks of the Dodder, the botanist will see frequent on his path, the hypnum stamine, jungermannia laxifolia, stettaria glauca, glaucous marsh stichwort ; viola palustris, or marsh violet, exhibiting very pale blue flowers in June, and the anagallis tenella, bog pimpernel, a beautiful little plant growing in large tufts, with rose-coloured flowers, somewhat bell-shaped, on slen- der stalks, flowering in July and August. Presently, the singular hamlet of Castlekelly, at the opposite 3 c 2 756 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. side of the river, is attained by giddy stepping-stones. Few spots can be found more wild than the deep and solemn situation of this village, at the base of Carri- geen-Rea, and on every other side encompassed by steep hills, trickling with rivulets, with a rough, rapid river foaming in front of it, occasionally swelled to a magnificence, that few, who know it in its tamer aspects, could conceive it capable of exhibiting. The whole, in fact, affords such a combination of landscape, such a surface of scenery, unaltered by the hand and al- most untrodden by the foot of man, as the lover of Macpherson's Ossian would almost identify with his descriptions : — " Autumn is dark on the mountains, grey mist rests on the hills, the whirlwind is heard on the heath, dark rolls the river through the narrow vale, a tree stands alone on the hill, the leaves whirl round with the wind, and strew the graves of the dead, the flower of the mountain grows, and shakes its white head in the breeze." Both sides of the glen here are the property of the see of Dublin, under which they are held by Mr. Cobbe of Newbridge, and the land, as may be expected, is let in the bulk rather than by the acre. A narrow, steep road, let down on the surface of a bog and sparkling with granite mica?, conducts hence to the Military Road, the sources of the Dod- der, and the lovely scenery of Lough Bray, while crossing the stream, the pedestrian may scale the in- teresting heights of Kippure, computed to be 2527 feet above the level of the sea ; these are, however, the attractions of another county. Returning, there- KILLNASANTAN. 757 fore, down the stream, with the bold hills of Tallagh at its opposite side, and the young, feathery planta- tions of Friarstown waving at right, its romantic bridge in the foreground, the glen between flittingly shaded by passing clouds, brightened by glimpses of sunshine, or mysteriously wreathed with the smoke of the burn-beat, kindled on the adjacent heights, and curling over the valley, the tourist ascends a long winding hill, with lovely retrospective views, to the townland of Bornabreena, on which is a small Roman Catholic chapel, prettily situated. In the district between this, Montpelier and Tallagh Hill, are seve- ral fine veius of marie. A road of pleasing windings leads hence to Old Bawn, where the Dodder is again crossed by a high bridge of three arches, wearing a very formidable ap- pearance in comparison with the diminutive stream that in summer ripples through it; the great breadth, however, of the stony bare channel over which it wanders, bears strong evidence of the necessity of such a precautionary work, against the time when the winter floods assail its foundations with the whole moisture of the mountains. At Old Bawn (which is the inheritance of Lady Tynte, as the descendant of Archbishop Bulkeley) are Mr. M'Donnell's paper mills, employing about fifty persons ; and, opposite them, Mr. Neale's wool- len factory, giving work to about seventy. The lat- ter establishment is on the site of Haarlem bleach green, formerly the most celebrated in Ireland. It may be here noted, that Mrs. Elizabeth Dawson, of 758 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Dublin, by her will, dated August, 1812, bequeathed an annuity of six guineas per annum to Anne Bew- ley, while she should reside here, in trust, to be applied for the relief of the poor of Haarlem. At a short distance beyond it, on the return to the city, is the little town of TALLAGH, healthfully situated in a fine open country, and con- taining about eighty houses, and a new and handsome parish church in the Gothic style, with lancet win- dows, erected on the site, and partly constructed with the materials of the ancient abbey, of which the lofty square belfry still remains, curiously embattled. "Within the church are two mural slabs of white mar- ble, one commemorating Matthew Handcock, Esq. of Sallymount, who died in 1824 ; and the other, Sir Timothy Allen, formerly one of the Aldermen of Dublin, who died in 1771. The interior of the church, that preceded this here, was covered with ar- morials of several archbishops and parishioners ; and, on removing the wainscoting of one of its pews, a chalice of glass and some human skulls were disco- vered. About the grave-yard are large earthworks, a huge baptismal font, and various tombs — one, much mutilated, commemorates the Hon. Colonel John Tal- bot, of Belgard, who died in 1637> in the sixty-third year of his age ; others record families of the Reillys, from 1673 ; the Lynealls, from 1692 ; and the TALLAGH. 759 Brownes, of Jobstown ; one to Timothy Emerson, in 1711 ; one to the Fieraghs, of Firr -house, in 1715; and others, more modern, to Mr. Goff, in 1815; Mrj. Burston, in 1 825 ; Captain Handcock, in 1 830. There is likewise an enclosed cemetery for the family of Mr. Ponsonby Shaw, of Friarstown. A solitary yew tree, and sundry very venerable elders, give addi- tional interest to this grave-yard. On the opposite side of the town stood the ancient country palace of the Archbishops of Dublin, a spa- cious building of considerable strength, but without much pretension to architectural beauty. Only one tower of it- now remains, commanding from its sum- mit a fine horizon of prospect, including the Roches- town hills, Taney church, Mount Anville, Howth, Ireland's Eye, Lambay, the city of Dublin, Timon castle, the Phoenix Park, the plains of Meath, the hills of Castleknock, Lyons, Athgoe, and Rathcoole, the old and new church of Tallagh, Saggard, the heights of Tallagh, Montpellier, Mount Venus and its plantations, the Three Rock mountain, and all the intervening valleys, sprinkled with factories, churches, and gentlemen's seats ; while, immediately beneath, lie the lawn and extensive gardens, preserving in the Friar's Walk, as one particular avenue is termed, and in the ancient yews, cypresses, laurels, and, above all, some magnificent walnut trees, the reminiscences of the olden time ; while, in other respects, the former stiff plan of these pleasure grounds is pleasingly meta- morphosed, with all the taste of modern improvement, under the eye of Mr. L'Entaigne, its present pro- 760 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. prietor. In the adjoining new house, occupied by that gentleman, is a fine collection of preserved birds and insects from New South Wales, America, &c. ; also some well executed Penates, Chinese, Egyptian, and Hindoo idols, lamps, Etruscan vases and lachry- matories, and a magnificent specimen of amber. Mr. L'Entaigne allows £42 yearly and three tons of coal for the support of a school for the poor of the village ; while the National Board, having given £130 for its erection, and £16 for its outfit, contribute £8 per annum for its additional support. The number of pupils attending it is about seventy. There is also here a parish male school, instructing about twenty boys, and supported by a bequest of £10 per annum and a certain portion of the church collections, the residue being allocated for the instruction of about fifteen girls. Near those latter establishments is the glebe-house, with a glebe of 25a. annexed. The cross of the Archbishop of Dublin stood in the middle of the road, leading from Tallagh to Old Bawn, and was long venerated in the traditions of the people, who were accustomed, on occasion of funerals, to rest the corpse at its foot. This piece of antiquity was removed by one of the prelates for the structure of a bath at the palace, in the ruins of which the shaft has been recently discovered. The parish extends over 21,867a. 3r. 35p. ; and its population, on the census of 1831, was returned as 4646 persons, of whom 4275 were Roman Catholics. It has compounded for its tithes at £640 per annum for the rectorial, and £95 10s. for the vicarial. The TALLAGH. 761 rectory constitutes part of the corps of the Deanery of St. Patrick's, and the vicarage is united with the rectory of Cruagh, the patronage of which is alternated between the Archbishop of Dublin and the Bryan family. The chief property in the land is in the Archbishop of Dublin, Mr. L'Entaigne, Lady Tynte, Mr. Conolly, General Byng, &c. Rent averages about £3 per acre. Tallagh previous to 1152 was a rural bishopric, and is known in ancient records by the name of Tavellagh or Taulagh-Mael- runy, having been dedicated to St. Maelruan, who died here in 787. His festival is kept in July, and was long commemorated by the people with processions, dances, and rustic merriment. It may be added, that there is extant a romantic Irish poem, entitled, " Legendary Story of St. Maelruan, first Bishop of Tallagh Subject to this his church, were the chapels of Kilohan, and St. Bridget, the former, situated without the cross lands of the Arch- bishop in the townland of Old Bawn, has been waste since 1532, while the latter stood near the Dodder, and is likewise in ruins, its stones having contributed to the erection of an adjacent factory. In 788 the celebrated Bishop and Abbot Angus, to avoid the glory and admiration which his virtues and austerities elicited, betook himself to the abbey of Tallagh, where, concealing his name and habit, he was received by the abbot Maelruan as a lay- brother, and employed in all the servile offices of the monastery. He continued seven years in this laborious station, when, his real name and character having been accidentally discovered by the abbot, he was received into the highest degree of trust and friendship, and died himself abbot of this house in 824. His festival is kept on the 11th of March. In 806 the descendant of Nial, in whose family the sovereignty of Ireland was then vested, having violated the termon lands* of * This was the name given to the tracts of territory which the Irish chieftains had granted to the sees and monasteries, exempted from all 762 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the monks of Tallagh, they took the hold step of seizing and re- taining (as the Annals of the Four Master allege) his chariot horses on the eve of those games, which were annually celebrated at Tailtean, in the county of Meath. Ample reparation was thereupon made to the monastery, and additional gifts offered by the king as an atonement. In 811 this monastery was devastated by the Danes. In 866 Daniel, who was Abbot, both of Glendalough and Tal- lagh, died here, as did Cronmalus, Professor of this abbey in 964, and the chief Professor of the West of Ireland in 1125.* In 1179 Pope Alexander the Third confirmed Tallagh, with its appurtenances, to the See of Dublin, a grant which Pope Innocent further ratified in 1216. Subsequently, by the charter of archbishop Comyn, as confirmed by the Bull of Pope Celestine the Third, Tallagh, with its chapels and parsonage house, was one of those confirmed to the, then newly established College of St. Patrick's in Dublin. About the year 1220, Archbishop de Loundres being moved by the consideration, that the principal dignitary of St. Patrick's Cathedral was subject to the greatest expense, with consent of the chapter, annexed to the deanery this church with the ad- vowson of the vicarage expectant on the resignation of Laurence de Tallagh, at that time rector, and further appropriated to that dignity a portion of moor land, near the grange of the dean's rath, for which the dean was to pay yearly at Easter one pound of frankincense to the archbishop's chapel at Clondalkin. In 1223 the rector of Tallagh, as was above proposed, resigned his church to the dean of St. Patrick's, and in 1226 Pope Gregory the Ninth confirmed to that dignitary its tithes and the right of presentation to its vicarage. In 1230 Archbishop Luke further assured this church to the dean, who also continued to enjoy the presentation to the vicarage, down to the time of the dissolution, since which it has been lost by non-assertion. For a notice of exactions. In Ulster great quantities of these districts were found, on inquisition, invested with all their privileges down to the -time of King James the First. * Annals Four Masters. TALLAGH. 763 this church in 1244 see at " Rathfarnham." In 1306 the vicarage was estimated as of the annual value of five marks. In 1310 the bailiffs of " Tamelag" had a royal grant for three years, in aid of enclosing their town,* and in 1324 the Arch- bishop of Dublin had a remission of money due by him in con- sideration of his building Tallagh Castle. About the year 1326 an extent was taken before the sheriff of the county as to the limits of this manor. Kilnasantan is therein stated as being within it, but " lying within the Irishry, therefore waste and unprofitable." In 1331 O'Toole of Imayle, at the head of a numerous train of armed followers, plundered the palace of Tallagh, carried away a prey of 300 sheep, slew many of the bishop's servants, and de- feated in a pitched battle Sir Phillip Brett, and a body of the citizens of Dublin that came out against him. Watch and ward were afterwards constantly kept here and at Bray, to repel similar attacks. In 1337 King Edward confirmed Tallagh to the See, as did King Richard in 1395, with its church and tithes, and, about the year 1340, Archbishop de Bicknor built (or rather it should seem re-built) the episcopal mansion. In 1356 WalterRussell, being Constable of the castle here, the Lord Lieutenant entered into a compact with one of the O'Tooles, whereby the latter with forty hobillers or horsemen, and forty armed foot, was to defend the English marches from Tallagh, to Wind-Gates against the incursions of his countrymen, while in the following year the said Walter Russell was directed to levy from the vicinage reasonable pledges and subsidies for maintaining the wards stationed on these marches. In truth, however, pillage was the pay of those guardians of the frontiers, and it could hardly be expected, that those, whom they designated Irish enemies would reciprocate their rapine with amicable professions. In 1374 John Colton, theretofore Vicar of " St. Maelruan's of Taulaght," was elevated to the deanery of St. Patrick's. He sub- sequently became primate. In 1378 Matthew, the son of Redmond de Bermingham, took * Rot. in Cane. Hib. 704 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. his station here with 120 hobillers to resist the O'Byrnes, and in the same year John de Wade received £20 from the king's ex- chequer as a remuneration for two horses and other goods of his, burnt at Tallagh by the O'Nolans. In 1393 the king presented John Young to the vicarage,* and in 1403 the tithes of the parish were appropriated for the support of the viceroy's household. By act of parliament of 1448, this, with other towns, was pri- vileged to take customs. In 1471 Archbishop Michael Tregury died, at a very ad- vanced age, in the manor-house of Tallagh, which he had pre- viously much repaired. In 1479 John Alleyn demised to Simon Gower, clerk, his glebe of the church here for fifty-nine years, the lessee being bound to pay to the dean eight silver pence yearly, and to build a house thereon of four couples, and to keep the same " stiff and staunch," and make new ditches to the glebe.f At the time of Archbishop Allen, the right of presentation to this vicarage, which, as before mentioned, had been conferred on the dean, was disputed, and, although that dignitary was in pos- session of it at the time of the dissolution of the cathedral, yet, by the neglect of later times, it was lost. For a notice in 1537, see at " Ballymore-Eustace." In 1538 and the immediately subsequent years, this was the principal residence of Archbishop George Browne ; sundry letters of his to the Lord Crumwell and others, on the state of religion and government in Ireland, were written here. One, bearing date the 16th of February, 1538, contains the following passages, more particularly applicable to this locality : — " God knoweth what a treasure the King's Majesty and your Lordship have here of my Lord Chancellor, who is a right wise gentleman, and a judge very indifferent, and shifteth matters depending before him full briefly, to the great ease of the king's subjects, the poor suitors . . . And for my part, I may well account him to be my especial friend, for, during fourteen or fifteen days, this council time, I was his continual guest. Other place had I none to repair unto but only Tallagh, which adjoineth upon the Tooles, being now my mortal * Rot. in Cane. Hib. t Dign. Dec. p. 201. TALLAGH. 765 enemies, daily oppressing my poor tenants, above all others, much doubting that they be somewhat encouraged so to do, for they, now- being at my Lord Deputy's peace, doth no manner robbery but upon my only tenants. His Lordship hath sundry times said he would be even with me, but, indeed, if he constrain me to lie at Tallagh, it will be odd on my behalf, for in short time, I shall be in the same case with the Tooles, that my predecessor was with the Geraldines. For servants have I none, passing four and a chaplain, which is a very slender company to resist so many malefactors as be of the Tooles and their adherents, at the least two hundred persons. How I am wrapped, God judge. If I endeavour not to preach the word of God, then am I assured to incur my prince's and your lordship's displeasure. If I repair and manure in my said house of Tallagh, then am I assured nigh to be my confusion. Thus am I on every side involved with sorrows, and all I think too little if it were for my prince's honour."* In 1539 the vicarage was valued at £8 lis. Id. For a notice of the rectory in 1547, see at " Rathcoole." An inquisition of this latter year finds the possessions of the Dean of St. Patrick's in this parish, in demesne and tithes, the extent of which is accu- rately defined. This document states, that the vicar was seised of all the altarages, while the advowson of the vicarage belonged to the dean. Another inquisition of the same date finds that the minor canons and choristers of St. Patrick's had here eight mes- suages, six gardens, and five acres and an half of arable land, and a custom of six hens. In 1540 the O'Tooles invaded and devastated this and the adjacent royal manors, with deadly enmity and destruction. How far their hostility was provoked, may be inferred from the sub- stance of the 61st charge against Lord Leonard Gray, for his go- vernment of Ireland in 1539 : — " Item, his lordship did appoint a meeting with Turlough O' Toole, upon the borders of the county of Dublin, to which meeting resorted the King's Chancellor, the Lord Treasurer, the Lord of Kilcullen, the Vice-Treasurer, both the Chief Judges, and many other of the nobility of the country ; and towards the meeting place, the said Turlough sent to my said * State Papers temp. Hen. VIII. 766 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. lord, that the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treasurer, and the two Chief Judges, should come to the water's side, as safe conducts, to com- mune with him, which they so did, and, after a communication had, they sent to my said lord, to resort to the water-side to con- clude, and his lordship coming thither, spoke to the said Turlough very gentilly, and bade him fear nothing, for he would kill him with his own hands that would offer him hurt. Nevertheless, Turlough perceiving my lord's men to draw down fast in plumps, did find default at it, saying he was in fear. My lord answered, fear no- thing, gossip, I will go myself and put them back, leaving the said council communing with Turlough. And as soon as his lordship came to his men, he caused the trumpet to sound, and ran in a chase after the said Turlough, till daylight took the sight of him from them, which was the greatest shame and rebuke to him and all the council that ever was heard in Ireland, by occasion whereof and other breaches of the peace, (the previous charges having stated similar acts of treachery with the O'Neills, O'Reillys, O'Byrnes, O'Conors, and O'Mores,) the king's great seal, his grace's council and ministers be out of credit in all Ireland amongst Irishmen, which is the chief ground and occasion that Irishmen dispose themselves to mischief as they do, saying they be more in surety in time of war than peace, for in time of peace they be robbed, and never esteemed for no service, as they say."* The regal visitation of 1615 reported this rectory as apper- taining to the deanery of St. Patrick's, that Thomas Brakeshawe was vicar, that the vicarage was worth twenty marks, and the church and chancel in good repair. The lands of the See here were about this time defined as " the mountains, towns, and lands of Glasnamucky, Ballyslater, Killnasantan, and Castle Kelly, in the barony of Upper Cross and county of Dublin and Wicklow, or either of them, bounded, as before-mentioned, at " Killna- santan ;" and also the mountains, towns, and lands of Ballymakane, containing 20a. arable, being in the barony of Upper Cross and county of Wicklow aforesaid, mearingand bounding on the east to Kilbeg and Three Castles, on the south to the common bogs, on the west to Carrickasure, and on the north to the lands of Boyes- * State Papers, temp. Henry VIII. TALLAGH. 767 town and Sheraghan, and also all that the farm and lands of Kil- tipper, and also all that one field or small park on the lands of Tal- lagh, on the north side of a grove on the lands of Old Bawn, called the Cappagh Garden, being in the lordship of Tallagh and county of Dublin aforesaid, together with all marshes, buildings, orchards, waters, water-courses, bogs, moors, commons, turba- ries, &c. In the confiscations of 1641 Robert Chamberlain forfeited 6a. here, which he held, subject to a chief-rent to the Archbishop of Dublin. In 1650 Doctor Launcelot Bulkeley, Archbishop of Dublin, and ancestor of the Viscounts Bulkeley, died here in the eighty- second year of his age. The Book of Survey and Distribution, enumerates the cross lands of the parish as 996a. in the following townlands ; 98a. in Kil- tipper, 360a. in Glasnamuckey, 140a. in Ballycullen and Bally- crah, 390a. in Tallagh, all belonging to the Archbishop of Dublin, and 8a. appertaining to the petty canons of St. Patrick's cathe- dral, while a document of the year 1660 details the dean's right of tithes here in terms nearly similar with that of 1547. In 1662 the churchwardens of Tallagh exhibited a petition to the House of Lords, stating " that their church was, in 1651, in good repair, with convenient pews, font, pulpit, and other necessa- ries, and also paved with hewn stone, all which cost the parish- ioners £300. That about the same time Captain Henry Alland, coming to quarter there with his troop, caused the roof of said church to be pulled down, and converted the timber thereof for building a house to dwell in, in the county of Kildare, and con- verted the slates of said church to his own use, and caused the paving stones thereof to be carried to Dublin to pave his kitchen, entry, and other rooms in his house, fed his horses in the font, and converted the seats and pews to his own use." The petitioners therefore prayed redress, and were, on proof of their allegations, decreed a sum of £100 to be levied, with all costs, off the real or personal estate of said Captain Alland. The Acts of Settlement and Explanation contain a saving for the Archbishop of Dublin of his demesne lands in this manor, and the mensal lands thereunto belonging. 768 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1664 the minor canons of St. Patrick's demised their lands here in reversion, after the expiration of an existing lease to Sir James Ware, for a rent of thirty shillings per annum, besides two- shillings and sixpence per annum to the vicars choral, and subject to all chief-rent and service of court to the Archbishop of Dublin. In 1691, writes Story, "a party of rapparees, coming nearTal- lagh, stole away several horses and four men belonging to Colonel Donep's regiment of Danish horse. This being easily believed could not be done without the knowledge of the inhabitants of the adjacent villages, the colonel ordered several of them to be taken up, and threatened to hang them all, unless the horses and men were brought back by such a day, which was accordingly done, and some of the men that stole them delivered up." In 1697 the Reverend T. Kelly was parish priest of Tallagh, Rathfarnham, &c, and resident in this parish. In 1716 Hugh Wilson was presented to the respective vicar- ages of Tallagh, Clondalkin, and Christ Church, and in 1727 was succeeded in the same by Zachary Norton. In 1729 Archbishop Hoadly committed great havoc on the antique remains here, in the progress of what antiquarians would not deem improvements, and in 1746, dying at Rathfarnham, was buried here. In 1734, Zachary Norton having resigned his before-mentioned preferments, Robert Trotter was presented to Whitechurch by the Archbishop of Dublin, on whose death in 1737 John Gill was appointed to the union of Tallagh by the Reverend John Wynne, patron. In 1740 Whitechurch, Tallagh, and Cruagh were united for ever, and John Jones was appointed to the union on the col- lation of the Archbishop of Dublin. He, however, did not long fill the preferment, and Owen Shiels was instituted therein on the presentation of the Reverend J. Wynne. A survey of 1745 states the lands of the minor canons here as 26a. In 1769, on the death of the aforesaid Owen Shiels, John Elton was presented to the union of Tallagh. In 1771 Archbishop Smyth bequeathed £50 for the use of its poor, and in 1V78 Archbishop Fowler enclosed the garden and made other improvements in the palace. In 1784 William Bryan, then patron of the union of Tallagh, TIMON, OR TIMOTHAN. 769 presented the Reverend William Bryan thereto, on the death of the before-mentioned John Elton, and in the following year Tal- lagh was the residence of George Ponsonby. In 1821 an act of parliament was passed, divesting the Arch- bishop of Dublin of Tallagh as a palace, and placing the mensal lands attached to it in the same circumstances as other see lands. The act states that the buildings and offices on this demesne were then in such a state of decay as to be unfit for habitation, that a country residence for the Archbishop of Dublin was unnecessary, and that the income of the see was inadequate to support the ex- pense of the two establishments; the archbishop was therefore empowered to demise the same for the usual term, the rent re- served on the first lease made thereof to be the best improved that could be obtained, and no fine to be taken on making such, &c. The premises are, in a schedule annexed, stated as 202a. 2r. 9p. 3 plantation measure, of which the gardens and orchards occupy 6a. 3r. 16p. ; and by a private act of the same session the commons were enclosed. The hills about this locality, and which take its name, consist of clay-slate, with grey wacke-slate, and occasional beds of greenstone. Passing hence to the before-mentioned village of Green Hills, a rough, steep road leads down to the ruined castle of TIMON, OR TIMOTHAN. It stands on an eminence springing from a plain within an amphitheatre of the Dublin mountains, and forms a conspicuous object for several miles around. Only a square tower now remains, without a trace of entrenchment, bawn, or outworks. The windows are few and small, and the entrance is at the west 3 D 770 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". through a large arch. The ground floor or hall is paved and vaulted, and a large chimney runs from the bottom to the top. Over the entrance is a ma- chicolation. In the ecclesiastical arrangement Timon consti- tutes an unendowed prebend in St. Patrick's Cathedral. King John granted this lordship or manor to Henry de Loun- dres, in recompense for losses of his see, and for the expenses that prelate had incurred in fortifying the Castle of Dublin ; which grant was subsequently confirmed by King Henry the Third, in the fourteenth year of his reign. In 1247 it was constituted a prebend in St. Patrick's cathe- dral, which still exists, although divested of its endowment or corps by accident and lapse of time. It was the only prebend of the chapter, except Cullen, to which no church or cure of souls has been at any time annexed ; but is nevertheless styled by Allen a sacerdotal prebend, to which he allots the eighth prebendal stall in the above cathedral. In 1306 it was valued at £10 yearly. An inquisition of 1547 states Timon castle to be, even then, in a ruinous condition, and adds, that not only the said " ruinous fortress," but also two messuages, two cottages, and 360a. of land of the yearly value of £10, were annexed to the prebend, while a subsequent inquisition finds the Dean of St. Patrick's possessed of the tithes of corn and hay in Timothan. In 1550, the cathedral of St. Patrick's being then suppressed, this prebend was granted to Bartholomew Cusack for twenty-one years, at 12s. annual rent; but with a clause, that the grant should be void, if conveyed to any person not exercising the office of examiner in chancery, or some other office in the King's Four Courts. In 1553 King Edward granted the same to James Sed- grave, merchant, together with the town or village of Timothan, and all the tithes of the same, reserving the rent of 15s. 4d. in the name of a twentieth part. Accordingly, it was found by inquisi- tion of 1562, that Nicholas Sedgrave, the heir of said James, was seised in fee of all the tithes, altarages, &c. of the prebend or rec- tory of Timothan, and the townland of the same, being of the TIMON, OR T1MOTHAN. 771 annual value of £5 6s. &d., which it would thereby seem had been theretofore parcel of the possessions of the nunnery of St. Mary de Hogges. For a notice in 1603, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin" at that year. An inquisition of 1616, on the death of Dudley Loftus, states, that he died seised of one castle, five tenements, and four caru- cates of land here, with the tithes of the same, but the jury did not report by what title he possessed them. In accordance with this statement an ancient document alleges, that " this prebend was from long time endowed with a castle and 360a. of land, (but no tithes,) wholly swallowed by Sir Adam Loftus, knight, and not a penny reserved for rent." The usurpation was soon afterwards confirmed by patent ; and, in 1618, Sir Adam Loftus had, amongst divers other possessions, a grant of the entire prebend of Timo- than, the townland of Timothan, containing a castle, five tene- ments, and four ploughlands, with all tithes, great and small thereof, &c. Having thus utterly lost its endowments, it is not a mat- ter of surprise, that this prebend should have so frequently re- verted to the crown by lapse. From the restoration of the cathe- dral of St. Patrick's until 1730, its patron, the archbishop, did never once present ; and from 1588 to 1716 it appears to have passed wholly unregarded. In this latter year, when the contests ran high between Dean Swift and Archbishop King, the vacant stall was filled up by the latter, and this mode of obtaining a ma- jority of votes in the chapter against the Dean was grievously complained of by Swift. " I cannot but think it hard," he writes to the archbishop, " that I must upon all occasions be made uneasy in my station, have dormant prebends revived on purpose to op- pose me, and this openly acknowledged by those who say they act under your grace's direction." For a notice of the prebend and tithes of Timothan in 1723, see at " Rathfarnham." The following has been the succession of the prebendaries, as far as ascertained : — Thomas de Gonneys. 1555 Thomas Fitz Simon. 1509 John Andowe. 1571 John Ororie. 1546 Eustace Browne. 1588 William Wetherby. 3 d 2 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 772 [From this period to the be- ginning of the eighteenth century no presentation oc- curred.] 1716 William Gore. 1730 Robert Grattan. James King. 1737 Robert Trotter. Alexander Bradford. 1750 William Fletcher. J 773 Thomas Paul. 1798 Charles Cobbe Beresford. 1805 Hon.andRev.James Agar. 1809 Lathom Coddington. TEMPLEOGUE succeeds, the more ancient residence, as it is still the estate of the Domville family, situated in a sweet se- clusion on that branch of the Dodder, which, as men- tioned at Santry, formerly exclusively supplied the city with water ; latterly, however, the Grand and Royal Canals have contributed more ample supplies. Much of the old walls, several venerable trees and ex- tensive gardens, still assert the extent and attractions of the ancient mansion. In the village are the ruins of an old church, measuring eighteen yards by six, sur- rounded by an unenclosed cemetery, with several tombs, but none of note. The busy rivulet above mentioned sweeps round this grave-yard into the demesne, and thence to Tyrenure, where its supplies form a noble pond. The rectory of this little parish is impropriate in the economy of St. Patrick's, whose tithes here are let at £24 9s. 3c/. per annum. As before mentioned, Temple-ogue, i. e. the new church, was erected " within the marches," on the side of the Dodder near the city, when the church of Killnasantan was found inconvenient. The lands were at that time the estate of the Talbot family. An inquisition of 1547 defines the extent and value of the economy tithes here ; at which time Patrn k Barnewall had a lease TEMPLEOGUE. 773 for thirty-one years of a messuage and 100a. of arable land in de- mesne, appertaining to the rectory or chapel of Killnasantan, toge- ther with the tithes of Templeogue, Knocklyn, Ballycreughyn, the hill of Rowanstown, Glasnamucky, Old Court, Tagony, Balma- lyse, and the land called the " Friar's Land," at the annual rent of £4 13^. Ad. over and above the curate's stipend and repair of the chancel. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectorial tithes of Tem- pleogue as appertaining to the economy of St. Patrick's, and that the church and chancel were utterly in ruin, on which account the profits of the benefice were sequestered. In 1642 Lord Castlehaven, escaping from Dublin, where he was imprisoned by the Lords Justices, fled through this village, and by the mountains of Wicklow to Kilkenny, where the supreme council was then sitting. About the year 1664 James Talbot, of Templeogue, was one of the advocates and signers of the Roman Catholic Remonstrance. In 1672 the Countess of Mount Alexander obtained a lease for twenty-one years of the rectory of Templeogue and Glasnamucky, alias Templesantan, (i. e. Killnasantan,) with various tithes, saving a messuage and 100a.. demesne lands belonging to those rectories, for £6 annual rent ; and she was likewise to have the land, if reco- vered, at half the yearly value, for twenty-one years. This de- mesne, it may be observed, was formerly included in leases made by the Dean and Chapter, and bearing date respectively in 1568 and 1583. In 1586 the lands of Templeogue were mortgaged for £3000 by the then proprietor, Sir James Talbot, to Sir Compton Dom- ville, together with several houses in the city of Dublin, then also the estate of the said Talbot, who having espoused the cause of King James in the war of 1688, and followed the fortunes of his royal master, was accordingly outlawed and attainted; and, although Henry Talbot, a minor, put in his claim by guardian at Chichester House, to a remainder in tail in said lands, and in various other premises in the counties of Dublin and Roscommon, his petition was dismissed for non-prosecution. Sir Compton Domville, thereupon, got into possession of Templeogue, and the king being indebted to him for services performed in his office of Clerk of 774 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the Crown and Hanaper, and he having also expended £3600 in repairs, and in discharging prior incumbrances, a grant was made to him of the forfeited equity of redemption, which grant was sub- sequently confirmed by an English act of parliament. In 1732 a spa was discovered here, which had its day of fashion and celebrity ; it is situated near the bridge over the Dodder. — For a remarkable notice of Templeogue in 1738-9, see " Santry." About the year 1757, a manufacture was commenced here for printing linens, lawns, &c. from copper-plates. It soon arrived at very considerable perfection, but has been since discontinued. Near this, at Mount Down, Mr. Pickering has established recently a woollen factory, and at Bold- brook are paper-mills, while at Fir-house, also in this vicinity, is a nunnery, with an extensive charity-school attached, and near it is the grotesquely modernized castle of Knock Lyne. About Templeogue, the botanist will find pseudo- Narcissus, daffodil ; a variety of the malva moschata, musk-mallow, with white flowers ; iris fwtidissima, roast beef plant ; and in pits near it, plantago aqua- tica stellata, star-headed water-plantain. A very pretty road leads hence by Fortfield, for- merly the residence of Lord Avonmore, and more recently that of the late Master of the Rolls. It is so called from a tasteless fort erected in the lawn. Close to it is Kimmage, an ancient portion of the Barnewall property. TYRENURE succeeds ; with its magnificent gardens, hot-houses, groups of trees, and shrubberies of evergreens, }ts TYRENURE. 775 grottoes, urns, and rustic seats, disposed through all the grounds, its fine sheet of water, insulated ban- quetting-house, fishing temple, winding walks, and picturesque bridges. In 1206 the king gave to Audeon Browne, clerk, the tithes of two carucates in the lordship of Tyrenure and Kimmage, about which time the Barnewall family were seised of the lands by grant from King John, who, accordingly, in 1216 took into his especial protection, " the estates, lands, men, and possessions" of Hugh de Bernevale, in Drymnagh, Tyrenure, and elsewhere.* His descendants continued seised thereof during the four succeeding centuries. In 1221, pending the minority of one of the Barnewall family, the king granted the lands of Drymnagh and Tyrenure to John de St. John. — For notices in 1415, see at " Balrothery," and in 1435 at " Drymnagh." Subsequently, Reginald Barnewall gave to the Hospital of St. John without Newgate, all that portion of Tyrenure, extending from the old sewer (" gutterio") on the south, to the Archbishop of Dublin's land on the north, anciently called Glascologh. In 1611 Peter Barnewall was seised in tail male of the towns and lands of Tyrenure and Kimmage, one castle, six messuages, and 360 acres,f and died so seised in 1644.J The interest of the Barnewalls having been lost in the civil wars of 1641, these estates were granted to the Earl of Tyrconnel, and, on his attainder in 1689, Edward Deane, an adherent of King William, and one of those outlawed in the parliament of James the Second, obtained a grant in 1703 of Tyrenure, Kim- mage, and the Broads, 440a., which, as the patent states, the Earl of Tyrconnel had sold to him in 1671, long previously to his attainder. Opposite Tyrenure is the seat of Sir Robert Shaw. Hence through the village of Roundtown, where are * Rot. in Turr. Lond. t Inquis. in Cane. Hib. X lb. 776 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. extensive quarries, and by Mount Tallant, the course of the excursion returns to the city, through the suburb of Harold's cross, a village, situated near the southern bank of the Grand Canal, and returned in 1831 as having 1101 inhabitants. There is a new Protestant church build- ing here, while the old Roman Catholic has been converted into a national school for boys and girls, at an expense of £94 given by the National Board, who also allow £10 annually for its support. There is, likewise, a poor-school for girls, at the convent that has been established here for nuns of the order of St. Clare. Mr. Murphy has a flour-mill in the village, and Mr. Pirn extensive cotton- works. It may be remarked in reference to this locality, that the Archbishop of Dublin, who exercised the rights of a prince pala- tine within his liberties of the Cross, had formerly a gallows here, for the execution of criminals. In 1805 John Corballis left by will £50 for the use of the poor school here, and in 1829 Mrs. Esther Whelan bequeathed, after certain payments, that the remainder of a fund therein specified, should be divided amongst the following schools : Harold's Cross nunnery school, Richmond Presentation convent school, Blanch- ardstown female school or Cabra, Clondalkiri, James's, Paul's, and Mary's Catholic schools. She further directed, that out of the profit-rent of a house of hers in Dublin, £10 per annum should be paid to the Sisters of Charity, and £10 per annum to the female establishment superintended by the community of St. Clare, Harold's Cross ; and, likewise, that on a contingency therein specified, the entire of her property should be appropriated for Catholic education. 777 THE SEVENTH EXCURSION. The first object worthy of notice in this course is Portobello, where, on the outskirts of the city, an excellent hotel has been constructed, at that part of the Grand Canal, whence the passage-boats start for various parts of the country ; the margins of the water are regularly planted with trees. At the southern side of the bridge are cavalry barracks, be- yond which, surrounded with the villas of the citizens, lies the " rus in urbe " village of RATHMINES, returned in 1831 as having 1600 inhabitants, a popu- lation which has considerably increased since that period. Here is a handsome new Roman Catholic church, in which is a white marble monument to the Rev. Simon Mac Carthy, who died in 1831, curate of this parish. Here is, also, a small church in the Gothic style ; the roof of the latter edifice is a solid arch, and the walls and ceiling in the interior form a continued vault, from which springs the spire. What is now called the castle here, was formerly the seat of Sir 778 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. William Yorke, Baronet, and afterwards a school. It lias been modernized almost out of all its interest, but, in some respects, still presents an antiquated as- pect. There are at this locality, a Sunday and day- school, attended by about forty, and a parochial school by about 150 children of both sexes. The National Board give £25 annually for the maintenance of the latter. Lord Palmerston and Mr. Montmorency are the chief proprietors in fee of this village, which forms, with Miltown, a union in the Roman Catholic arrangement. In 1611 Lord Howth suffered a recovery of Meynsrath, alias Rathmines, Scollardstown, Knock- Athfallan, Speckleston, Gal- lanston, Hodgeston, Terrelston major, Terrelston minor, &c. In 1642 the Irish confederates took this town, and burned part of the suburbs of Dublin, where an epidemic sickness was then raging violently,* and here in August, 1649, Ormonde sus- tained a signal defeat from the republican General Jones, who made an unexpected and successful sally, in which, according to one account, 4000 of the royalists were killed, and 2500 taken prisoners. Their artillery and baggage were lost, and the marquis himself escaped with much difficulty. Ormonde's army amounted to 19,000. Soon after his defeat, the marquis wrote to Jones, de- siring that he would send a list of the prisoners he had taken. In the pride of his success, the victor returned the following laconic answer : — " My Lord, since I routed your army, I cannot have the happiness to learn where you are, that I may wait upon you. — Michael Jones." Ormonde, upon this occasion, incurred the marked censure of the confederates assembled at Jamestown, who insisted that the defeat was attributable to the faithlessness, igno- rance, or cowardice of some of his officers. His defence to this charge occupies three folio pages in Walsh's Remonstrance, (App. pp. 110, &c.) but does not seem satisfactory. According to the * Clanrickard's Memoirs, p. 266. RATHOAR. 779 marquis's own account, " Jones slew 600 in that engagement, some on the spot and in the pursuit, but the greatest part after they had laid down their arms upon promise of quarter, and had been for almost an hour prisoners, and divers of them were mur- dered after they were brought within the works of Dublin." This sudden and unaccountable defeat, as Dr. Curry remarks,* renewed in the Irish all their former suspicions, that his Excellency had still some private understanding with the English rebels, and those suspicions were increased by the constant ill-success of all his sub- sequent undertakings against their partisans in Ireland. See fur- ther as to this engagement at « Baggotrath." Ludlow says that Rathmines was at this time compassed by a wall about sixteen feet high, and enclosing ten acres of ground. No traces thereof are now discoverable, much less of those ancient forts, which gave name to this and the two ensuing localities. At the extremity of the town, a road leads at right, in full view of the Dublin mountains, through the swelling villas of RATHGAR. There are quarries here, as also at Roundtown and Crumlin, which yield ealp with its accompany- ing black flinty limestone. In all those, the limestone is highly inclined, and yields other indications of dis- turbance. At the adjacent edge of the Dodder are the cotton works of Mr. Waldron, where about 100 persons get daily employment. The works are set in motion by a steam-engine of thirty-horse power, and a water-wheel of equal force. By an inquisition of 1533, it appears that the nunnery of St. Mary de Hogges was seised of 90a. arable, and 3a. underwood * Hist. Rev. p. 245. 780 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. in this townland, which were granted to Nicholas Segrave in fee. A subsequent inquisition finds John Cusack seised in fee of 120a. here, which, having been confirmed by patent of 1609, descended in his family to the last century. After the battle of Rathmines, before alluded to, a large body of Lord Inchiquin's foot soldiery took refuge in the groves of Rathgar, where, after some parley, they obtained conditions for their lives, and the next day, according to Ludlow, most of them took up arms in the republican service. In 1700 Robert Cusack claimed, and was allowed a remainder in tail in Rathgar and other lands, forfeited by Nicholas Cusack, the heir of the above-mentioned John. Crossing the Dodder by a ford, and proceeding along its southern bank towards Rathfarnham, a splendid gateway at left, accounted among the best productions of that species of architecture in Ireland, invites the tourist to explore the once beautiful grounds of Rathfarnham Castle, but they are now all eloquently waste, the undulating hills covered with rank herbage, the rivulet stagnant and sedgy, the walks scarce traceable, the ice-houses open to the prying sun, the fish-pond clogged with weeds, while the mouldering architecture of the castle, and the crumbling, unsightly offices in its immediate vicinity, even more loudly proclaim those evils of absenteeism, which have so little application to the state of other countries, that they appear the paramount — the ex- clusive curse of this. The castle, so long the residence of the Loftus family, and still the property of the Marquis of Ely, subject, however, to a small chief rent to Mr. Conolly, is an extensive fabric, in the style termed modern Gothic ; " an appellation,'' as Brewer observes, " by RATH F ARN H AM. 781 no means' improperly applied to an edifice, in the design of which, Grecian and embattled architecture are licentiously mingled." The great hall is en- tered from a terrace, by a portico of eight Doric columns, which support a dome, painted in fresco with the signs of the Zodiac and other devices. This room was ornamented with antique and modern busts, placed on pedestals of variegated marble, and has three windows of stained glass, in one of which is an es- cutcheon of the Loftus arms, with quarterings finely executed. Several other apartments exhibited con- siderable splendour of arrangement, and contained, until lately, numerous family portraits, and a valuable collection of paintings by ancient masters.* But, when it is mentioned, that this structure has been for years a public dairy, and the grounds to the extent of 300 acres converted to its uses, some notion may be formed of their altered condition. A direct avenue leads from the castle to the vil- lage of Rathfarnham, through an ugly, lofty gate, opposite which is a handsome seat, that had been the residence of the late Baron Smith. Entering the village of RATHFARNHAM, a short lane at the right leads to the first objects wor- thy of attention, the ancient church and church-yard. The former exhibits some interesting remains, in the midst of which, beneath an uninscribed monument, * Brewer's Beauties of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 210. 782 COUNTY OF DUBLIN 7 . lies the late Archbishop Magee, with several of his family ; near it, and also within the ruins, is another to the family of Hodson. In the surrounding grave- yard are monuments of the Shaws, the Constables, the Hepenstalls, from 1710, Lord Avonmore, Miss Leslie, (daughter of the Bishop of Elphin), who died in 1834, &c. On the day of visiting this locality the broad glare of sunshine rested on its monuments, and the summer insects were busy in its melancholy vegeta- tion ; and above all a fine peacock, that had escaped from the demesne of Baron Smith, was perched upon the gable of the ruined church, over which it ex- panded the splendours of its feathery tail, like that bird of Indian skies that frequents the funereal mo- numents of the native princes ; or rather, when it threw out its shrill notes, it seemed the triumphant herald of vanity and ephemeral gaudiness to those who slept beneath, whose days of pride were past, and whose emblems of pageantry had melted from their dissolving forms. Beyond this, also at right, is the new church, adorned with a fine steeple. In it are some mural monuments, one to Lord Avonmore, who died in 1805, some to the Yelverton family, one to Colonel Manley, who died in 1808, and another to Lady Shaw, wife of Sir Robert Shaw, who died in 1831, and to their daughter. The village presents a lengthy succession of de- cayed houses. In it Lady Harburton has a school attended by about forty children, there is also a na- tional school maintained by an allowance of £10 per RATHFARNHAM. 783 annum and attended by about ninety boys, while the female children of the poor receive gratuitous educa- tion at the adjacent nunnery of Loretto, for which object the National Board allows £10 annually. A dispensary was established here about forty years since, and near the bridge is a woollen factory kept by Mr. Murray, and employing about fifty persons. There are also paper and corn mills near this, which are worked by the respective waters of the Dodder and the Cruagh rivers that unite at this locality. The parish contains 2781a. 3r. 35p., in ten town- lands, with a population of 4573 inhabitants, of whom 3549 have been classed as Roman Catholics. It ranks as a chapelry in the corps of the archdeaconry of Dublin, and has compounded for its tithes at £290 15s. A\d. per annum. The fee is chiefly in the Connolly family, and the acreable rent may be said to vary from £8 to £10 per annum ; a cabin without land bringing from £4 to £6, and the weekly wages of labour being 7*. 6d. In the Roman Catholic arrangement this union comprises Crumlin and Bornabreena, at each of which places there are chapels. Several handsome villas abound in this vi- cinity, and close to it, at a place called Loretto, is a nunnery of the institute of the Blessed Virgin, before alluded to, with a school attached, where about 100 female children receive education. Rathfarnham was one of the chapelries subservient to the mother church of Taney, and is so termed. in Archbishop Allen's Registry. The original lord of this district and patron of the church was Milo le Brett. It was united, however, in early times to the corps of the archdeaconry of Dublin, and as such pos- 784 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. sessed by William de Northfield, who had a contest with the prior and convent of the Holy Trinity relative to tithes, that was finally settled by Archbishop Luke, who decreed in favour of the archdeacon, but with a reservation of two townlands or the annual pension of twelve marks in lieu thereof. At the close of the twelfth century Helena, the widow of Wil- liam de Waville, confirmed to the economy of St. Patrick's a mill, w r hich her husband had built on the Dodder near this town. In 1240 Archbishop Luke granted the church with its appur- tenances to the convent of the Holy Trinity, a grant which Pope Innocent the Fourth confirmed in 1244, with the addition of the church of Tallagh. It was, however, arranged about the same time that the said tithes should be the sole and separate property of the Archdeacon of Dublin, he paying twelve marks therefor to the said convent. In 1269 occurs a grant from Walter le Brett of half a caru- cate of Rathfarnham to Richard de Tathcony, which his son Wil- liam subsequently conveyed to John de Hatchel ; the manorial rights, however, remained in the Brett family down to the fourteenth century. See a notice at " Taney" in 1330. An inquisition, taken about the year 1334 states, that William, the third Earl of Ulster, then lately deceased, was in his life-time seised of a water- mill with certain pasturages here, and of £12 135. 4c?. issuing out of five townlands in the burgages of Rathfarnham. In 1356, in consequence of an expected invasion of the county of Dublin by the O'Byrnes, John, the son of Geoffry le Brett, was commanded to defend the Pale at his manor of Rathfarnham, with his men well armed and appointed. In 1403 the king com- mitted to James Fitz William the custody of the manor of Rathfarnham, during a minority of the right heir,* and in 1422 the custody of two parts of this manor was similarly granted to Thomas Hall.f An inquisition of 1547 finds the possessions of the Archdea- con of Dublin here, as one messuage and eleven acres of land, and defines the extent and value of his tithes. The inquisition adds that the demesne lands, altarages, and oblations of the rec- * Rot. in Cane. Hib. fib. RATHF ARNHAM. 785 tory were assigned to the curate for his stipend, he paying to the Archdeacon of Dublin 26s. 8d. annually. It is to be observed, that a report of 1660 extends the Archdeacon's rights here to four messuages and twenty acres, which, however, it specifies as " then concealed." On the suppression of St. Patrick's cathedral the tithes of this parish were leased to Sir John Allen. In 1580 the celebrated Henry Usher was Archdeacon of Dublin and consequently Rector of Rathfarnham, Taney, Donny- brook, and Kilgobbin, being the corps of his dignity, and in 1593 Barry Viscount Buttevant, to whose family Rathfarnham had passed by marriage with the heiress of the Bretts, sold this deno- mination to Archbishop Loftus who erected a castle here. It con- tinued in his family during several years, and in 1685 gave title of baron to Adam Loftus, who was afterwards killed at the siege of Limerick. For a notice in 1603, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory as appertaining to the Archdeacon of Dublin, that Robert Pont was curate there, and that the church and chancel were in good re- pair. An inquisition, taken two years afterwards, finds that Sir Dudley Loftus died in 1616, seised of a castle or manor-house here, one stable, forty tenements, forty gardens, and three and a half carucates of arable land, and also of 40a. of meadow, called the Church Land in Rathfarnham, a castle and 100a. in Killane^ nan, a castle and 64a. in Knocklyne, a castle, five tenements, and four carucates of land, with the tithes thereof, in Timothan, &c* which he held of Peter Talbot of Oldcourt and Knocklyne. In 1628 Sir Laurence Parsons, then one of the Baro of the Exchequer, died here. About the year 1641, at which time a garrison was held here by Sir Adam Loftus in order to protect the city from the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles, an explosion of gunpowder occurred in the castle of Rathfarnham, which nearly proved fatal to the celebrated John Ogilby, a Scotchman, who came into Ireland in the service of the Earl of Strafford, by whose favour he was made master of the revels in Ireland, and built a small play-house irc * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 3 E 786 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Werburgh-street. He lost, however, all his acquisitions on the breaking out of the disturbances, left Ireland, and going to Cambridge, " became such a master of Latin and Greek, that he translated Virgil and Homer, paraphrased iEsop's Fables," kc. In 1662 he returned to Ireland, where he was again created master of the revels by patent, and built a noble theatre in Dub- lin, at the cost of £2,000. He subsequently published various geographical works and atlases, and died in 1676. In 1649 Rathfarnham was stormed by the Marquis of Or- monde, who made all the garrison prisoners.* In 1665 the king presented Henry Dodwell to " the rectory." In 1670 the celebrated actor Wilkes was born here. He was the grandson of Judge Wilkes, who, in his day, raised a troop of horse at his own expense for the service of King Charles the First, and on the utter ruin of the cause in which he had embarked took refuge in Ireland. His descendant, here noticed, received a liberal edu- cation, and was chief clerk to Secretary Southwell. He subsequently appeared on the stage at Dublin, and in 1698 at London, where he was accounted one of the best performers of the day. In 1711 he paid his last visit to his native country, and, on the boards at Smock-Alley Theatre, personated the character of Sir Harry Wildair with great applause for nineteen successive nights. For a notice in 1680, see at 6i Taney." In 1695 died Dudley Loftus, the descendant of the archbishop. He was born here, and educated partly in Trinity College, Dublin, and afterwards at Oxford. He returned to Ireland at the time of the troubles of 1641, when his father entrusted to him the defence of this castle. He was afterwards made one of the Masters in Chancery, Vicar General of Ireland, and Judge of the Prerogative Court and Facul- ties, all which places he held to the time of his decease. He was a great linguist, and especially versed in the oriental tongues, but withal so improvident and unwise, that one well acquainted with him said, " he never knew so much learning in the keeping of a fool." He left behind him several works and translations on philosophy and divinity, as enumerated by Ware, (Writers, p. 254, &c.) He also published, under the name of Philo-Britani- cus, a book asserting that it was inconsistent with the English * Carte's Life of Ormond, vol. ii. p. 79- RATH FAUN HAM. 787 government, that the Irish rebels should be admitted to their former condition with impunity, a proposition which he laboured to support by arguments " drawn from principles of law, policy, and conscience." He also wrote, when Judge of the Prerogative Court, a defence of the first marriage of Catherine Fitzgerald, contracted, in facie ecclesice, with John Power, Lord Decies, and likewise published " the History of the Invention of the Cross of our Saviour," &c. &c. For a notice of Rathfarnham in 1697, see at " Tallagh." In 1723 Philip Duke of Wharton, Marquis of Malmesbury and Carlow, having previously acquired the Loftus estate here, by marriage with Lucia, the daughter and heiress of Adam Loftus, Lord Lisburn, sold, in consideration of £62,000, to the Right Honourable William Conolly, the castle, manor, or lordship of Rathfarnham, Ballintaggart, Ballycragh, Bannoch- more, Whitehouse farm, Stoughton's farm, Old Orchard [farm, Little Newtown near the river Dodder, Old Court, Killanenan, Stagonny, Butterfield, Ballyroan, Knocklyne, Timon, Grange of Balgeeth, alias Harold's Grange, Great Newtown, alias Cruagh- naclogh, Cruaghnatemple, Woodtown, Kilnemanagh, the pre- bend of Timon, &c. and all and singular, the great and small tithes of the lands of Timothan and Grange, and sundry other premises, all situate in the county of Dublin, and a chiefry of £25, payable out of the lands of Kilgobbin, and all other the estate and inhe- tance of the said duke therein, with all courts, fairs, markets, roy- alties, &c. thereto appertaining. Mr. Conolly, having so acquired this property, charged the manor and lordship of Rathfarnham in 1733, with an annuity of £250, for the support of a charity school which he had founded near Celbridge. In 1738 Dr. Sheridan, the friend of Swift, died here. In 1752 Richard Wetherall devised certain lands and properties, for the purpose of building a grammar school here and paying a salary to the school-master ; the intention has, however, never been carried into effect, although a suit was instituted in 1788 for the proper application of the bequest. • In 1754 the bridge here, which was one arch of 100 feet in width, was carried away in a flood. In 1783 parliament granted £400 for rebuilding the church, while an order of council of the following year authorized the 3 e 2 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. change to the present site. In 1S01 a dispensary for sick poor was established here, on the basis, that subscribers for one guinea per annum should have a right of keeping one patient on the books, and for every other guinea a similar privilege, and that any labourer, losing his employment by sickness, should have not only medical relief, but be likewise allowed three shillings per week during his illness or incapacity for work. Near this, at the commencement of the Military Road, the junction of the granite and micaceous schist may he observed* and Doctor Rutty consider- ed that slate abounded in the whole tract of country hence to Blessington. South of this village, in the mountains adjoining Montpelier and Kilmashogue, are turf-bogs covering three or four square miles. Great parts of these mountains have an irregular sur- face and great acclivities, and are in many places covered with rocks and stones, so as to render them nearly useless for any purpose, except planting the crannies of the rocks with seeds of hardy trees. The road sides about Rathfarnham exhibit sa gi- na apetala, small flowered pearl-wort, flowering in Mav and June; ranunculus hederaceus. ivv crow- foot ; coronopus Ruellii, swine's cress, flowering from June to September. — On the river side grow meum fceniculum, fennel: saponaria officinalis, soap-wort. On the walls Valeriana sylcestris minor, lesser vale- rian; osmunda crispa, stone-fern. — In the wet mea- dows above the town, Ucciola pilosa, hairy wood- rush ; chrysoplenum oppositifolium, opposite leaved golden saxifrage, flowering from May to July; pe- dicularis sj/lcatica, dwarf red rattle ; cnicus pratensis, meadow plume thistle, flowering in July. — Over RATHFARNHAM, 789 Marlay, stellaria graminea, lesser stichwort ; gerani- um molle, soft cranes bill ; saponaria officinalis, com- mon soap wort, so called as making a lather with water. On the way to Kilgobbin is seen ophrys muscifera, fly ophrys ; and on the road sides between this and Roebuck, tanacetum vulgar e 9 tansy, having an aro- matic smell and bitter taste, and flowering in Au- gust. In this course lies the nunnery of Loretto, where a powerful reminiscence of the old monastic habits was suggested, by the groups of paupers that crowded round its gates, and received their daily sportula from its inmates. Proceeding from Rathfarnham, at right, the Ro- man Catholic chapel of the parish is seen on the brink of a little rivulet that falls into the Dodder. The edifice is cruciform, with galleries disproportion- ately low. Passing this, and turning to the left, a pretty road leads, beside the same rivulet and the flour mills of Mr. Egan, to the much praised de- mesne of Marlay, so denominated from the prelate of that name to whom it formerly belonged, as it now does to the La Touche family, the Right Honourable David La Touche having married the daughter of the bishop. It is one of those monopo- lized places that require such a canvass for admission, as the strongest curiosity can scarce condescend to prosecute, There is a cemetery for the sect of the Moravians in this townland. Beyond it, a little to the left, are the pretty grounds of Glen Southwell, otherwise called the little Dargle, the residence of Mr. Ponsonby. The antiquarian, if he can enter, 790 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. for it is within the infection of exclusion, will see a very remarkable Brehon chair here, surrounded by most venerable thorns. This relic is composed of three large upright granite slabs, the two sides being about eight and a half feet high, the back seven. There is no stone where the seat should be, but a very large one lies beside it, resting in an inclined position on smaller ones. Between this and the little river that flows through the demesne, is the small ruin of a tower, and detached walls adjacent, evi- dently denoting the chapel of the Grange, as this anciently was. Independent of these antiquarian re- mains, this scene has its native attractions, the semi- circle of groves, the over-hanging eminences, Kil- mashogue, and the Three Rock mountain, the mur- muring rivulet, the glen through which it rambles, and the little waterfall, " roaring like a night- ingale." At a short distance hence is the picturesque village of WHITECHURCH. The religious edifice, from which this locality derives its name, was more anciently called " Alba," or " the church of Balgeeth," and not unfrequently " the church in the marches." It suffered, how- ever, severely in that interval of fanatical delirium, when it was deemed meritorious to accelerate the destruction of all, that past generations had held most venerable and divine. Its ruins are situated in a sweet situation, on an eminence overlooking the WHITECHURCII. 791 village, the walls are very imperfect, that which di- vided the aisle and chancel alone remaining ; the former measured eleven yards by five, the latter seven by five, the churchyard presents nothing worthy of notice but the old baptismal font, round which a group of children were assembled in thoughtless merriment, and some were gathering primroses among the awful furrows, and the kid, and the goat, nib- bled the osiers that were woven over the graves. The new church is a very handsome structure with lancet windows, and situated on a splendid eminence, at the opposite side of the village from the old site. Its cemetery is a striking contrast to the old, being well walled in, planted with evergreens, and already exhibiting handsome monuments or funeral enclosures for the families of Mr. La Touche, Mr. O'Neill, Mr. Duffy, &c. Near it are two neat parochial schools, supported by subscriptions and sermons in the church, and at present respectively attended by thirty-four girls and twenty-four boys. Cotton mills were formerly kept here by Mr. Jackson, but the edifice is now wholly deserted. The parish contains 2874a. 2r. 10p., in six town- lands, most picturesque and highly cultivated. It constitutes a perpetual curacy in the gift of the arch- bishop of Dublin, having a population of 1705 persons, of whom 1422 are stated to be Roman Catholics, Mr. Latouche is the chief proprietor. In 1189 Pope Clement the Third confirmed to the Abbey of the Blessed Virgin (inter alia) the church of Balgeeth, which so thence continued annexed to that house ; and accordingly, arch- bishop Allen, in his Rcpcrtorium Viride, about the year 1530, 792 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. states "Alba or Balgeeth" as appropriate to the abbey of the Blessed Virgin of Dublin, adding that the prior of Christ Church was lord of the temporalities, and John Harold his farmer, while a document of 1541 states the same religious house to be seised of four messuages, 208a. of arable, 60a. of mountain pasture, 3a. of underwood, and seven cottages in the grange, with a water- mill in the marches of Dublin, valued at £13 18s., also the rec- tory of said grange, annual value £2 13s. 4d., to the said late abbey appropriate. In a few years afterwards (1559) James Flattisbury of Johnstown suffered a recovery of one castle, thirty- eight messuages, ten gardens, 560a. arable, 10a. meadow, 209a. pasture, 8a. underwood, 20a. moor, 200a. furze and heath, with all appurtenances whatever, thereto belonging, in Harold's Grange, Bowdenston, and Killallon, as his right and inheritance. An inquisition of 1612 finds, that Florence Baron of Upper Ossory, being seised of Harold's Grange, alias Grange Montana, alias Grange Balgeeth, comprising one castle, twenty messuages, 40a. arable, 60a. meadow, 100a. pasture, 200a. mountain, and 20a. of wood, which he held of the king by knight's service, had with his trustees levied a fine thereof to Adam Loftus for ever, who, in 1614, together with Sir John King, passed patent for a water-mill in Harold's Grange, alias Balgeeth, and its water- course, and an annual rent issuing thereout, likewise the tithes of corn of Harold's Grange, alias the Grange of the marches, alias Balgeeth, annually collected by sixty pecks of wheat and oats, and a chief rent thereout, all parcel of the possessions of the late monastery of the Blessed Virgin, and in the following year, King assigned his moiety to Loftus, as also his moiety of a large portion of Portmarnock. The regal visitation book of 1615 reports the rectory of White Church impropriate, as it was in the said Sir Adam Loftus, who took out a fresh patent for all his possessions here in 1618. The visitation adds, that the vicar of Tallagh (Thomas Brake- shawe) was curate there, and that the church and chancel were in good repair. In 1641 the vicars choral of St. Patrick's had, on their being incorporated, a grant of (inter alia) all the tithe hay of the town and lands of Balgeeth. In the confiscations that immediately WHITECHURCH. 793 succeeded, Walsh of Ballyawly forfeited Edmondstown, 112a. 1r. 20p., which were granted severally to Gerald Archbold, Sir Henry Talbot, and John Borr, while Sir Adam Loftus also forfeited Scholarstown, 187a., and great Newtown, 221a. 2r., all in this parish. A survey of 1654 limits its extent to 1020a., comprised in two townlands, of which 600a. with a castle thereon, were con- tained in Harold's Grange, the property of Sir Adam Loftus, and valued in 1640 at £120, in 1654 at £240 per annum, while 400a. or four ploughlands were contained in Kilmashogue, the property of John Harold, and having also a castle therein. The latter denomination was valued in 1640 at £100, in 1654 at £150 per annum. The parish is therein stated as bounded by that of Taney on the east and north, Tynekelly in the barony of New- castle on the south, and Rathfarnham on the west ; while the civil survey states 1378a. of mountain as within it, surrounded by Dundrum, Grange, Kilmashogue, Glancullen, Jamestown, and Ballyvoly. In 1688, by an ecclesiastical order, which recites that the cure of souls hese had been long unattended to, by reason of the want of income, it was directed that the tithes should be thenceforth paid, as they were to the last incumbent. Immediately afterwards, Lucia, one of the co-heiresses of the Loftus family, marrying Thomas Lord Wharton, he obtained this with sundry other pro- perties of Sir Adam Loftus in her right. In 1691 the parishes of Whitechurch and Cruagh, with all their tithes, were annexed, pro hdc vice, to the archdeaconry of Dublin, and in 1716 Hugh Wilson was presented to the respec- tive vicarages of Tallagh, Clondalkin, and Whitechurch. For the subsequent succession to the union, see " Tallagh." For a notice in 1723, see at "Rathfarnham," and for notices of pre- sentations to Whitechurch in 1734, 1740, 1769, and 1784, see also at " Tallagh." In 1810 Andrew Moller of Dublin, mer- chant, bequeathed all his estate and interest in a certain holding at Whitechurch, in trust, to sell or otherwise dispose thereof, or to pay the yearly profits in moieties, one amongst the United Brethren of London for the furtherance of the Gospel amongst the heathens, and the other for the support of the poor belonging to the congregation of the United Brethren of Dublin. 794 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. A fine road, cut on the ascent of a hill, leads hence to the next locality, commanding inconceivably extensive views over almost the whole county of Dub- lin, the city and the sea extending along the horizon, and the foreground, in summer, carpeted in nature's richest varieties, the blue violets, the speckled daisies, the yellow dandelion and crowfoot, and all kindling under such a sunshine ! — In truth, the day of obser- vation for this work was that of the eclipse of the sun (15th May, 1836), and the luminary, during the preceding hours, almost seemed to invest himself with the fullest glory that could vindicate his heat and splendour. Following the course of the excursion, the village of Rockbrook succeeds ; of which, if the gender were applicable, it might well be exclaimed, " O quantum mutatus ab illo," once a scene of prosperous industry, now a village of squalid paupers, by reason of the cessation of the several factories that formerly existed there. A hoarse stream, that murmurs through the rocky valley, gives name to the locality. At a small distance beyond it is CRUAGH, an ancient manor, situated on a branch of the Owen- Dugher, and extending over the townlands of Roebuck, Clonskeagh, Ballyslatten, Cantrel's farm, Woodtown, alias Ballynakelly, and the adjacent mountains. Here are the ruins of an old church, the length of which was about twelve yards, but the breadth is undistin- CRUAGH. 795 guishable. It is surrounded by a graveyard, which the Ledwiches appear to have marked as their own. A large embattled tower in the centre, with port- holes, was erected as a donjon-keep, whence, in cases of unhallowed violation, it was intended that the friends of the deceased might offer victims to their manes. Cruagh gives name to a parish, divided from that of Whitechurch by the river Owen-Dugher, and comprising 4460a. 1r. 9p. 5 in five townlands, and a population of 1216 persons, of whom 1039 are Ro- man Catholics. It is a rectory in the union of Tal- lagh, the patronage being alternated between the Archbishop of Dublin and the Bryan family. Mr. White of Killakee is the chief proprietor. His seat of that name is a fine mansion, surrounded by a de- mesne of magnificent mountain scenery, with a glen traversed by a fine rivulet in a bed of rocks. The great military road, which was constructed to open the fastnesses of Wicklow, and which, with that ob- ject, was formed to the extent of thirty-seven miles, through a wild, and before then inaccessible district, commences in this parish. In 1184 Prince John granted Cruagh, with its church, to the See of Dublin, a gift which was confirmed by King Edward in 1337, and by King Richard when in Dublin in 1395. About the year 1250 Walleran de Wellesley endowed the priory of All Saints with 60a. of land within the manor of Cruagh, which it appears then belonged with other estates to his family, and he gave to the said priory, free common of pasture of wood and of turbary over his whole mountain there, reserving to him- self and his heirs, however, the homage of his tenant John 796 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Wodeloc* The church was at this time appropriate to the priory of Kilmainham. From the fourteenth century, the Fitz Gerald fa- mily were seised of half a carucate in Cruaghnatemple, a carucate in Cruaghnaclogh, Newtown, and Drumreagh, alias Ramsland, half a carucate in Tibroden, alias Killnasantanbegg, and a caru- cate in Woodtown, alias Ballynakelly, and the hamlet of the same, until all these possessions were confiscated on the attain- der of Richard, Oliver, and Walter Fitzgerald, the adherents of their unfortunate relative, " the silken lord." The manor, however, during this long interval, passed, with its appurtenances, through the families of Butler, Wallace, and Finglas, from one of whom it was acquired by the said Richard Fitz Gerald, and for- feited by him with the lands as above-mentioned, and was, there- upon, granted, with its appurtenances, to Peter Talbot, whose descendant and namesake, Peter Talbot, was accordingly found seised in the commencement of the seventeenth century of Cruagh- naclogh, two messuages and one water-mill ; Cruaghnatemple, in the county of Dublin, two messuages and 286a.; Woodtown, alias Ballynakrlly, two messuages and 209a. ; Newtown and Tibroden, alias Kilmainhambeg, one castle, eight messuages, and 266a. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory impropriate, that the vicar of Tallagh was curate there, and that the church and chancel were in good repair, but without books, except what the curate brought with him. In the same year Sir John King and Sir Adam Loftus had a grant from the crown of the rectory of " the parish of Cruagh, in Harold's country," parcel of the es- tate of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem/)- The lands here were at this time the estate of the above-mentioned Peter Talbot, who demised in 1620 to Patrick Travers, the towns, villages, and hamlets of Cruaghnaclogh and Newtown, " in the parish of Cruagh, in Harold's country," with all houses, lands, commons, turbary, and pasturage on the moors, mountains, and bogs of Cruagh and Tibroden. This Peter Talbot in 1623 assigned all his interests in Cruagh to Adam Loftus of Rathfarnham, having previously levied a fine thereof to his use. * Records in Town Clerk's Office, Dublin, t Rot. in Cane. Hib. CRUAGH. 797 In 1629 letters patent passed for endowing the several vicar- ages of Cruagh, Ballyfermot, and Palmerstown, allowing thereto all tithes and perquisites whatsoever, (except the decimce garba- Tum, or tithe-corn, and except the tithe-corn of Palmerstown,) with all glebe-lands, tenements, &c, and said parishes were thereby- united pro hdc vice, and John Lenox was presented thereto, with the prebend of Geshil in the diocese of Kildare, and a de- mise to him of the rectory of Palmerstown, with all tithes, &c. reserved out of the endowment, at the yearly rent of £10 10s. In 1634 the rectory was demised to Thomas Cantrell for his life, at the annual rent of £10 10s. For a notice of the manor in 1639, see at " Roebuck." The Book of Survey and Distribution reports the confiscations in this parish, as Killakee, 234a. Or. 20p., forfeited by Mr. Lut- trel of Luttrelstown ; part of Jamesland, 52a. 2r. Op., by Dudley Loftus ; adding, that the other denominations, Creevagh, Wood- town, and Tibroden, with the mountains appertaining thereto, comprised 11 59a., and that 2820a. of waste and mountain be- longed to the adjacent townlands of the parish. For a notice of Cruagh and its tithes in 1691, see at " Whitechurch," and for a notice of the transmission of the manor and manorial rights, as purchased by Mr. Conolly, see at " Rathfarnham" in. 1723. In 1728 Archbishop King purchased the lay rectories of Cruagh, Ballintemple, and Newcastle, all in the county of Dublin, and col- lated incumbents thereto, retaining only the patronage. For no- tices of presentations in 1740, 1769, and 1784, see at " Tallagh." In 1787 the estate and interest of the Right. Hon. Thomas Conolly here, were, with the aid and sanction of a previous act of parliament, disposed of to Charles Hamilton, Esq., who soon after sold same to the father of the present proprietor, Colonel Samuel White of Killakee. Returning hence, through the same ruined por* tion of Rockbrook, the deserted paper-mill of Mrs. Fry is first noticed at left. That of Mr. Pickering succeeds " to tell that yet it lives." The continu- ing course wears a better aspect, and Mr. Horan's 798 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. factory, which employs about thirty-five persons, leads to the more extensive and beneficial concern of Mr. Burke, where about 160, all of whom constitute a village around him, get constant employment through- out the year. Next, at right, occur Mr. Lambert's woollen-works, employing about twenty, as do those of Mr. Sherlock immediately adjacent, while Mr. Read's woollen-mill at Ballyboden gives work to about forty. A succession of pretty little villas, along the banks of the busy rivulet, guides the tourist back into Rath- farnham, whence crossing to M1LTOWN, the extensive woollen-works of Messrs. Willans are first met with, to which succeeds an establishment of the same kind kept by Messrs. Hodnett, where about eighty are employed, and another (Kennedy's) en- gaging about fifteen. This village gives title of Earl to the family of Leeson : it formerly exhibited one of the ancient raths now not discernible, and was much frequented by the citizens as a place of recreation and amusement. Its population was re- turned in 1831, as 673 persons. Here is a handsome seat originally erected by Mr. Jackson, who, having taken an active part in the rebellion of 1 798, was ob- liged to emigrate to America. It is the present re- sidence of Mr. Thompson. Beds of magnesian lime- stone of a yellowish grey, and a greyish brown colour, occur between Miltown Bridge, and Classon Bridge, CULLENSWOOD. 799 and granite is visible at a short distance, but its con- tact with the stratified rocks has not been detected. At Windy Harbour, near Miltown, were the silk-works of Mr. Sweeny, now also deserted. Returning hence to the city, Sandford Church presents itself at left, having adjoining to it three poor schools, male, female, and infant. At the same side, a little off* this road, lies CULLENSWOOD, anciently called, Boscus de Colonia, a locality ac- counted in St. Kevin's parish, and paying its tithes to the economy of St. Patrick's. Near this 500 persons, a colony of citizens from Bristol, were put to death by the Irish septs in 1209, as they were assembling for amusement on Easter Monday, thence called black Monday ; Dublin was soon after replenished by a new colony of Bristolians, who for ages kept up the memorial of this misfortune, by march- ing out to this place well armed and with a black standard before them, on every Easter Monday, bidding defiance to their enemies. In 1316, David O'Toole and his sept laid an ambush of a considerable party here, in order to accomplish a similar surprise and slaughter of the citizens ; the latter however, issuing out with- their black standard, and headed by Sir William Comyn, dealt heavy loss to their opponents, whom they destructively pursued for six leagues. In 1759 the justly celebrated Doctor Bartholomew Mosse died here after a lingering illness. He was the founder and Master of that most charitable institution, the Dublin Lying- in Hospital, the first establishment of the kind in her Majesty's dominions. 800 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. RANELAGH closes this route, a suburb returned in 1821 as con- taining 913 inhabitants, and whose population, in the census of 1831, was increased to 1988. At the back of the town a large mansion, sur- rounded by venerable trees, has passed through some strange vicissitudes ; once the seat of a Protestant Bishop of Derry, it became subsequently a place of public entertainment, from whose gardens Crosbie made his memorable aerial ascent in 1785, and it is now a nunnery for religious of the Carmelite order, having a school attached, where about fifty children receive a gratuitous education. 801 THE EIGHTH EXCURSION, leaving Dublin through its handsomest and most fashionable squares, Merrion and Fitzwilliam, at once enters the celebrated village of DONNY BROOK, situated within the liberties of the city on the river Dodder, over which it has a bridge, erected in 1832. This place was long celebrated for its annual August fair, — the Bartholomew of Dublin, — but which, in consequence of several riotous and disgraceful results, it has been found necessary to suppress. At right, entering the town, is the Roman Ca- tholic chapel, a plain structure, beside which is the old church yard, unusually well enclosed. Immediately within its gate, the eye is attracted by a curious mo- numental pillar, inscribed to the memory of Jane born 1790, died 1818, but no otherwise designating the lady. There are here also tombs to the families of Napier, Swordes, Lindsay from 1808; Moulds of Churchtown ; Thomas since 17-37 ; Sinnot ; an en- closure and monument for Surgeon Colles's family, another for the Reverend Doctor Graves's ; a joint 3 F 802 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. stone commemorative of Droughts, Wilders, and Eustaces ; another to Colonel Henry Gore Sankey, who died in 1784 ; one to Mrs. Hore, died 1786 ; an enclosure for Mr. Jameson's family, over which lies prostrate the old baptismal font ; a tomb for some of the descendants of the Right Honourable John Radcliffe; an enclosure for the family of Thomas Bell, Esq., M. D. ; a little mural slate for a child of Alderman Morrison ; near which stands a small portion of a wall of the old church, in and at the foot of which are monuments to the Walshes and Taylors from 1769. In other parts of the grave yard are, a tomb to Lieutenant William Gal way, died 1827 ; one to the Holmeses ; a monument to Richard William Tighe of Rosanna, who died in 1828; to Denis Doran, Esq. died 1788 ; to the Right Honourable James and Ro- bert Tynte, ancestors of Sir James Stratford Tynte ; to some members of the family of Roberts of Old Con- naught from 1796 ; to George Harkness, and his fa- mily from 1774; Donovans from 1751 ; a large mo- nument to Dr. Robert Clayton, Bishop of Clogher, who died in 1758; tombs commemorating Mrs. Med- licott of Rocket's Castle, died 1826 ; William Mally of Roebuck, died 1669; Mrs. Nangle, 1767 ; the D'Oliers ; the Maddens of Donnybrook ; Mrs. West, wife of the Rev. Matthew West, died 1786; Mrs. Elinor Mac Carty, alias Eustace, died 1792; Mr. Ashford of Simmons Court, 1830; the Rev. Doctor Wogan formerly curate of this parish, who was mur- dered by robbers, about ten years since ; the Archers from 1810, &c. DONNYBROOK. 803 There are schools here on Erasmus Smith's foun- dation, at which about thirty boys and as many girls are educated. The trustees of that charity allow, be- tween salaries and gratuities, £48 per annum for these. There is, also, a female charity-school main- tained here, under the superintendance of the religious Sisters of Charity, who have, adjacent, to the village, a fine and spacious establishment for the reception of female penitents. Here is, also, an hospital for per- sons afflicted with incurable diseases, and near it is a lunatic asvlum. In the centre of the village are traces of a curious castellated mansion, modernized. There were formerly cotton and printing-mills erected here, which employed a great proportion of the po- pulation ; they are now, however, idle, and only about fourteen persons find occupation at the saw-mills of Messrs. Wright and Stanlev. Bevond the Dodder is the new church, a modern edifice of the pointed stvle, with a vaulted roof and lancet-formed windows. Near the river are extensive quarries, in which are numerous strata of calp passing into the ordinary limestone, and containing organic remains. The parish is in connexion with the city of Dub- lin, comprises 1701a. 1r. 22p., a population returned in 1831 as 10,39-1 persons, the Roman Catholics bear- ing the proportion of two to one. and has compounded for its tithes at £166 3s. per annum, payable to the incumbent. It ranks as a chapelry in the corps of the archdeaconry of Dublin, to which the rectory is impropriate. The Catholic union comprises, with this parish, part of Taney, and part of St. Mark's, having 8 f 2 804 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". chapels here and at Irishtown, a chapel of ease near Baggot-street, and a nunnery chapel at Sandymount. The principal proprietors hereabouts are Lord Downes, the Bishop of Kildare, and Mr. Duffy. The corpo- ration of Dublin have also a considerable portion of land near this, under their grant of the possessions of All Hallows, and which they formerly leased to William Usher for £100 annual rent. The church of Donnybrook was dedicated to St. Mary, and, although it appears from an award of Archbishop Comyn to have been a member of Taney, was, nevertheless, for a time disunited therefrom, and conferred by Archbishop Luke upon his chaplain, William de Romney. The same prelate reduced it afterwards to the condition of a chapelry, and made it subservient to Taney, and of consequence, to the archdeaconry of St. Patrick's. It has lately been constituted a perpetual cure. About the year 1174 Earl Strongbow gave Donnybrook (Do- venalbroc), amongst sundry lands to Walter de Riddlesford,* and in 1204 King John granted to the corporation of Dublin, license for an annual eight day fair here, commencing on the day of the finding of the Holy Cross (3rd May), with similar stallages and tolls as established in Waterford and Limerick. The greater por- tion of the lands of Donnybrook were at that time the property of Henry de Vernuil.f Pope Innocent the Third, in the beginning of the thirteenth century, confirmed to the use of the economy of St. Patrick's the tithes of the land so previously grauted by King John to the citizens of Dublin. In 1252 King Henry, by charter, extended the duration of the fair here to fifteen days, and changed the day of its commencement to the 7th of July, which was further altered in 1208 to the 10th of July, and by a subsequent charter fixed to the 29th of August. In the fourteenth century the Fitzwilliam family were seised of a carucate here.J but the manor was in the Powers, one of Rot. in Cane. Hib. t Rot. in Turr. Lond. t Rot. in Cane. Hib. DON NYB ROOK. 805 whom, Eustace le Poer, aliened it to the Archbishop of Dublin without the royal license, but was pardoned on account of his great services against the O'Byrnes and the other Irish enemies in Leinster.* In 1418 the Prior of All Hallows was seised of certain lands and tenements in Donnybrook and Beldoyle.| For a notice in U9 J, see at " Merrion." An inquisition of 1547 finds the extent and value of the arch- deacon's possessions here in tithes, altarages, and oblations (the curate having a stipend), while it states the glebe belonging to the rector as three stangs of arable land. This glebe is defined in a lease of 1684, as adjoining the churchyard of Donnybrook on the north side. For a notice in 1580, see at " Rathfarnham." At the close of this century, a branch of the Barnewalls of Cricks- town was settled here. The regal visitation of 1615 reports the rectory as appertain- ing to the archdeaconry of Dublin, and that the church and chancel were then in good repair. For a notice in 1666, see at " Kil- ternan." A return, relative to the Roman Catholic clergy in 1697, enumerates as those of Donnybrook and Rathfarnham, " Doctor Cruise, titular Archdeacon of Dublin, living in the county of Kil- dare ; Mr. Patrick Gilmore, Parish Priest of Donnybrook and Kilgobbin, living for the most part in the union of Monkstown, and Mr. T. Kelly, before mentioned at ' Tallagh.' * About the same time the corporation of Dublin conveyed their right of hold- ing a fair at Donnybrook to the Usher family. For a notice in 1703, see at " Ringsend." In 1729 Doctor King, Archbishop of Dublin, was buried here in the north side of the churchyard, and in 1733 the remains of Sir Edward Lovett Pearce, a celebrated architect, and the builder of the Irish parliament-house of his day, were deposited in this grave-yard. In 1748 Henry Usher granted several denominations of land at Donnybrook, together with the green, to Catherine Downes in fee, excepting and reserving unto said Henry Usher, his heirs * Rot. in Cane. Hib. t King's MSS. 806 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and assigns, the benefit and profit of holding the yearly fair in the usual place on the said green. This right subsequently came by descent to Sir William Wolseley, baronet, by whom it was re- cently conveyed to Mr. Madden, the present proprietor, who is also the lessee under the Downes family of the fair-green and other lands adjoining. On the road sides hereabouts the botanist will find mijrrhis temulenta, rough cow parsley ; lamium incisum, cut-leaved dead nettle, &c. : and between this and Miltown, by the mill-stream, helminthia echioides, bristly ox-tongue, flowers in June and July. A bad and rough, but extremely picturesque road leads hence to Clonskeagh, overhanging the falls of O 7 DO the Dodder, and commanding also enchanting views of the mountains in the distant foreground, peering one above the other to the remotest extent of vision. The tourist here enters upon THE HALF BARONY OF RATHDOYVX, a maritime district, including the most picturesque and highly ornamented portions of this county, and extending over fifty-nine townlands, comprised in ten parishes — Stillorgan, Taney, V/hitechurch, Kilgobbin, Rathmichael, Tallagh, Kilternan, Old Connaught, Killiney, and Kill, besides portions of the pa- rishes of Monkstown and Donnybrook. The whole district has been assessed as containing 17 ? 246a. of which 1801 are stated to be waste. The Down Survey marks its boundaries as " the harbour of the THE HALF BARONY OF RATHDOWN. 807 metropolitan city of Ireland, called Dublin, on the north ; the sea on the east ; part of the baronies of Newcastle and Uppercross, and the other half of the barony of Rathdown on the south ; and the liberties of the city of Dublin and the baronies of Newcastle and Uppercross on the west." The other moiety of Rath- down formerly likewise belonged to Dublin, but on the erection of Wicklow into a county, it was annexed thereto on the recommendation of the jury impan- nelled on that occasion to ascertain the boundaries, and who, after defining those of Wicklow proper, add, " And further we think it meet and necessary, in respect of the infertility, wasteness, and small scope of the said countries and towns, and the incivility of the inhabitants for the most part thereof, that the half barony of Rathdown, lying cn this side the river Bray, now bearing with the county of Dublin, be added and adjoined to these countries, lying to them very conveniently within very notable mears, and without which the said countries and towns, as we think, are scarce worthy to be termed a county." Rathdown also gave name to a very ancient manor or lordship belonging first to the Barnewall, and subsequently to the Talbot family, but forfeited by them during the civil wars. It extended alike over portions now classed in each of the aforesaid counties. In 1641 the quantity of land forfeited in this half barony was returned as 9341a. profitable, and 125a. unprofitable, while tne church and glebe lands were estimated as 1634a. In 1654, on a minute survey of this district, it was stated to contain twenty-three castles in good preservation, besides the re- mains of others, and of fortified houses. The document reports its extent as in length eight miles, in breadth four ; and that of its superficial contents, 5945a. belonged to Irish Papist proprietor?. 808 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. 1752 to English Protestants, and 1595 to the church. By the Act of Settlement Bernard Talbot of Rathdown was amongst those, who it was thereby declared should be restored to their estates without any proof of innocency required. Ortelius's map allocates the families of Harold, Wolverston, and O'Byrne within this barony. CLONSKEAGH, the fee of Lord Trimlestown, and the first locality in Rathdown, is situated in a romantic valley, presenting at right a deserted building, once occupied as the hat factory of Messrs. Wright and Stanley, who have however transferred the works to a more thriving and advantageous situation at Mespil, on the Grand Canal, near Baggot-street, where, and at their concerns in Dublin, upwards of 200 persons are employed. The w r oollen works of Mr. Baird next appear, employing in the season about twenty persons. Above the lat- ter are iron mills, erected originally on a very great scale by a Mr. Jackson, at an expense of £20,000, having two powerful water-wheels twelve feet in dia- meter by seven wide, one twelve by five, and a fourth twelve by three, each possessing a head and fall of sixteen feet and upwards, with all befitting apparatus of hammers, cylinders, shears, rollers, bellows, &c. s and complete ranges of workshops. The whole inte- rest in this concern was sold by auction in 1834, and it is now the property of a Mr. M'Casky, who em- ploys about ten persons therein. Passing at right a cumbrous castellated entrance to Miltown castle, the course mingles with a labyrinth ROEBUCK. 809 of roads, that, thickly bordered with villas, traverse the ancient denomination of ROEBUCK. The beauty of these avenues is, however, oversha- dowed by the high walls topped with thick hedges, the close, tall wooden gates and concealed gate-houses, that give the whole a sombre unsocial appearance, Mr. Blackburne's villa opening the only exception to the remark. In one of these awful retreats, and yet more smothered by its own woods, is the mo- dernized castle of the Barnewalls, now the residence of Mr. Crofton. Soon after the invasiou Roebuck, then called Rabo or Ra- boge, was acquired by the family of le Brun. one of whom Fro- mund, son and heir of Sir Nigel le Brun, knight, about the year 1315 granted two carucates therein to Reginald de Bernival,* and by a subsequent marriage of one of the latter race with the heiress of the former, the whole estate, with the denominations ap- pertaining, viz. Clonskeagh, Cantrell's farm, aud Ballyslater, passed to the ancestor of the Lords Trimlestown, one of whom in 1534, when Lord Chancellor of Ireland, resided in the castle here. His descendant Robert Lord Trimlestown died in 1639, seised of this manor, described as containing one castle, ten messuages, one water-mill, and 40a. of land, all which were stated to be then held of the manor of Cruagh.f A survey of 1654 states Roebuck as 360a. arable, 28a. pas- ture, and 12a. meadow, plantation measure, the inheritance of Matthew Lord Trimlestown, Irish papist, that there were on the premises one castle which was destroyed by the rebels, and one mill in use, and that the tithes belonged to the College of Dublin. * Plea Roll in Berm. Tower. Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 810 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In 1G63 Matthew Lord Trimlestown was found seised of the town and lands of Roebuck, described as 500a. in the parish of Taney, for which he took out a fresh patent in 1667, but forfeited his interest therein in the war of 1688. In 1689 the castle was occupied bj King James and the Duke of Berwick, when they had their camp in the neighbourhood, since which time it was suffered to fall into decay, until about the year 1790, when Lord Trimlestown repaired it for his country re- sidence. In the eighteenth century the right to these denominations was considerably contested amongst various members of the Barne- wall family, but they are still the property of the present Lord Trimlestown, subject, however, to outstanding leases at low rents and for long terms. About this locality the botanist will find meum foeniculum, fennel ; geranium molle, soft crane's bill ; trifolium medium, zig-zag trefoil, a clover of great value for permanent pasture ; pieris echiodes, bristly ox-tongue ; carduus mariauus, milk thistle, and in the boggy places between it and Lough Bray grows andromeda polifolia, wild rosemary, an elegant little shrub, which rises from six or eight inches to a foot in height, erect and branched. From Roebuck a delightful ascent leads by the handsome seat of Mr. West, enjoying most extensive views over the western part of the county, with the Dublin mountains filling the foreground* Passing through the little hamlet of Drummartin, where was formerly a castle, and ascending the hill between it and Dundrum, the eye commands a singularly rich group- ing of verdant valleys, overlooked by a range of moun- tains from the Three Rock to Mont Pelier, and enshrining in their heart the little town of DUNDIIUM. Sll DUN DRUM, once much frequented for the salubrity of the air, and the restorative aliment of the whey of its mountain goats. The new church of the parish is situated on a commanding eminence over the town, embracing not only the views before alluded to of the village and its valley, but also the additional attractions of the city, the bay of Dublin, and the intermediate circuit of a highly ornamented country. It is cruciform, sur- rounded by a planted enclosure without graves, and has near it an infant school, attended by about fifty children, to whose innocent voices, in the otherwise stilly mountain scene, it is delightful to listen, while they receive their education in simple recitatives ac- cording to the mode of these institutions. In the centre of the village is a new Roman Catholic chapel, in which is a monument to the Rev. John Kelly, for- merly curate of the parish, who died in 1830. Near it are male and female charity schools, where about fifty of each sex are educated, and for the support of which the National Board allows £16 per annum. On the brow of a lofty hill, at the opposite side of the valley to that on which the new church has been erected, are some still interesting remains of the castle, commanding a not less delightful landscape. Beds of magnesian limestone, of a yellowish and greyish brown colour, occur in this townland. At the close of the thirteenth century, Robert le Bagod, an- cestor of the Viscounts Fitzwilliam of Merrion, had license to 812 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. convey to William, his son and heir, the manor of Dundrum, to hold of the king in capite by the services due thereout ; accord- ingly in 1332 Thomas Fitz William was found seised of lands " near Dundrum, lying between Roebuck at the east, and the high road at west, likewise of other lands situated between the lands of Geoffrey de Brett at west, and those of the archbishop at east." In 1542 Thomas son of Richard Fitz William had livery of seisin of all the manors, &c, of Dundrum and Thorncastle, and all messuages and other possessions in Dundrum, Thorncastle, Ballybot, alias Booterstown and Oveniston. In 1610 Thomas Fitz William suffered a recovery of Booterstown, two messuages, and 140a., Dundrum one castle, six messuages, and 200a., and of the rectory of Kilternan ; a castle and 50a. in little Bray, Ballin- tire, one messuage and 40a. a watermill, kc, all which he held of the king in capite.* A survey of 1654 states the denominations of Dundrum and Ballinteer as comprising 500a., of which 300a. were arable, 180a. mountain and bo#, and 20a. meadow ; that they had been the a' » property of Colonel Oliver Fitz William of Merrion, who had acted in the Irish army as major general ; that there were on the premises a slated castle, and a small churchyard ; that the lands constituted a manor with courts leet and baron ; and it erroneously adds, that the tithes belonged to the College of Dublin. In 1666 Oliver Earl of Tyrconnel had a grant of Dundrum, with Ticknock and Cheeverstown parcels thereof, 910a. statute measure, in Owenstown 161a. &c, to hold in free and common socage. In 1816 the dispensary was established, and in 1830 one of those incipient institutions for inculcating the rudiments of economy and punctuality, a savings' bank, was opened in this village. Immediately adjoining Dundrum, and indeed al- most identified with it yet separated by a small glen and rivulet, is * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. CHURCHTOWiW 813 CHURCHTOWN, a townland more especially appertaining to the see of Dublin, and on which was situated the old church of the parish, now converted into a school, attended by about thirty boys. In the consecrated ground, that encompasses it, are monuments to the M'Caskeys of Roebuck, the Atkinsons of Ely-place, the Ponsonbys, the Minchins of Woodville in the county Wexford, the Lesleys, the O'Briens, the family of Baron George, the Rey- noldses from 1736, the Merritts from 1/73, the Tur- betts of Greenmount, the Brides, Creeds, Roes, Monserrats, Croftons of Roebuck, Barneses, John- stons ; a monument to Lieutenant Colonel William Cowell of the 42nd Royal Highlanders, who died in 1827; another to Colonel Hart and his family; a very handsome sarcophagus to Mr. and Mrs. O'Neill, formerly of Harcourt-street ; and a fine headstone and enclosure for the remains of William Haliday, the most promising Irish scholar of modern times, and who added to the knowledge of his native tongue a great proficiency in other languages. He died in 1812 in the twenty-fourth year of his age. The grass within this consecrated spot was thickly span- gled with daisies, the wild bee was humming over it, and, in all the tyranny of a sultry sunshine, it was a melancholy musing to stand under the shelter of that tall monument, and to think, that beneath it lay one whose early acquirements justified hopes for the illustration of Irish literature, that unfortunately he 814 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. lived not to realize. Beside him now lie the remains of his brother, Doctor Daniel Haliday, recently deceased, whowas, at the period of his dissolution, engaged in tracing up the memoirs of the Irish Brigades in the French and Spanish services. He died in Paris, and was interred in Pere la Chaise, whence the body has been removed hither by his surviving brother, Mr. Charles Haliday. At the foot of the burial ground is a female charity school for girls, attended by about thirty, and near it is a repository, established for selling goods to the poor at moderate prices payable by easy instalments. About Dundrum the botanist will find geranium molle, soft crane's bill ; solarium lethale, deadly night- shade. — In the hedges viburnum opulus, guelder rose, flowering in June and July, a species to which appertains the snow-ball tree, well known in gardens and shrubberies ; spircea salicifolia, willow leaved spiraea, flowering rose coloured in July. — In the heathy grounds, teucrium scorodonia, wood ger- mander ; orohus tuberosus, heath pea. — In the fields and rocky grounds beyond it, linum an gust [folium, narrow leaved flax ; stellar ia holostea, greater stich- wort ; lothospermum arvense, corn gromwell ; bras- sica campestris, common wild navew ; saxifraga try dactylites, rue leaved saxifrage, flowering in the early spring ; stellar ia graminea, lesser stichwort ; tormentilla officinalis, common tormentil ; hypericum pulchrum, upright St. John's wort. In the mountains and marshy grounds above the village, festuca ovina, sheep's fescue grass; veronica TANEY. 815 chamcedrys, wild germander ; luciola congesta, bog wood rush ; reseda luteola, yellow weed ; fumaria clavicalata, white fumitory, a variety of the vicia sepium, or common bush vetch, with white flowers ; hypericam hnmifusinn, trailing St. John's wort; lepidium Smithii, smooth field pepperwort; agrostis camna, brown bent grass, an early and elegant plant of a delicate pale green colour ; montia fontanel, water blinks ; pinguicula lusitanica, pale butterwort ; myosotis ccespitosa, tufted water scorpion grass flow- ering in May and June. — Between this and the ScaTp, arum macidatum, cuckow pint ; arabis thaliana, common wall cress ; and on old walls between this and Rathfarnham grows, sedum rupestre, rock stone crop. It may be also remarked, in reference to the or- nithology, that a rare species of lark, alauda cristata, has been more than once observed here, being that which Buffon describes as c< le cochevis ou la grosse alouette huppee." The parish in which Dundrum and Churchtown are situated, is sometimes called by the name of the latter, but is more properly denominated TANEY. It ranks in the deanery of the same name, com- prises 4562a. 3r. 36p. in twelve townlands, and has compounded for tithes, at the annual sum of £415 7s. 8(7. In 1831, its total population was returned as 4020, of whom 2957 were Roman Ca- 816 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tholics. The rectory being annexed to the corps of the archdeaconry of Dublin, Taney accounts as but a curacy. In the Roman Catholic division, part of the parish is in the union of Donnybrook, part in that of Kilgobbin, and a third part in that of Booters- town. Previous to Cardinal Paparo's Synod in 1152, Taney was a rural bishopric, but in 1178, Archbishop Laurence O' Toole con- firmed it to Christ Church, under the description of the town of " Churchtown, with the grange of Clonkene ;" and in 1216, Pope Innocent the Third granted to the See of Dublin (inter alia) Taney with its appurtenances. Soon after whch Archbishop Luke granted the church to the Archdeacon of Dublin, in ex- change for that of Lusk, theretofore part of the corps of the archdeaconry. This church was then the head of a rural dean- ery of great extent, to which were subservient the chapelries of Donnybrook, Kilgobbin, and Rathfarnham. For a notice in 1227, " See Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin." About the year 1330, Archbishop Alexander enfeoffed Red- mond Hacket in 85a. at Taney, between Dundrum and the lands of GeofFry de Brett at Rathfarnham,* and at the same time de- mised to Thomas Locke, 24a. here, with a covenant that said Locke should build thereon a stone house of prescribed dimensions, en- trenched and embattled. In 1546, this parish was rated to the First Fruits at £19, while an inquisition of the following year defines the archdeacon's pos- sessions therein, with the extent of the tithes ; the demesne lands altarages, and oblations of Taney being assigned to the curate for his stipend. At this time there were six acres of glebe annex- ed to the benefice, lying to the east and south east of the church. During the suppression of the cathedral of St. Patrick's, this parish was leased to Sir John Allen, Knight. For a notice in 1580, see at " Rathfarnham." The regal visitation of 1615 returns the church and chancel as then in good repair * Allen's Regist. M. S. BALLINTEER. 817 A Survey of 1654 states that Sir William Usher, Knight, an English Protestant, held 60a. in Churchtown, as his inheritance, while eighty-eight other acres there belonged to the Archbishop of Dublin, and erroneously adds that the tithes of all were pay- able to the College of Dublin. This survey, it is to be observed, limits the extent of the parish to 1507a. contained in eight town- lands. BALLINTEER, otherwise Cheeverstown, succeeds in the course of the excursion. It was anciently the estate of the Walshes of Carrickmayne, from whom it passed to the Fitzwilliams. For notices of this locality in 1603, see the " Memoirs of the Archbishops ofDublin," and in 1610, 1654, and 1666, see at "Dundrum." Beyond Ballinteer, on the road to Cruagh, a by- road leads to the little Dargle, a scene of much beauty as before particularly mentioned. On the thatched cabins in this direction, the botanist will observe co- rydalis claviculata, white climbing corydalis, a very delicate plant with pale yellow flowers. In the line hence to Rathfarnham, the tourist may also see the Priory, so long the residence of the celebrated John Philpot Curran, and so designated from himself having been the prior of a convivial society, called the Monks of the Screw. Among the members of this asso- ciation were Lord Charlemont, Lord Mornington, Barry Yelverton, afterwards Lord Avonmore, the Marquis of Townsend when Viceroy, G rattan, Doc- tor O'Leary, Judge Johnson, Hussy Burgh, and many others of distinguished abilities. Beyond Ballinteer, in the line of this route, is 3g SIS COUNTY OF DUBLIN. THE THREE ROCKS MOUNTAIN, a fine eminence, thus designated from so many sin- gular assemblages of such ^i^antic rocks as no ordi- nary machinery is capable of raising, yet each of these piles has its prodigious components, resting one upon the other in strange order, and enclosing spaces ; two of them are approximated on the highest summit of the hill, the third lying at a distance of about two hundred yards south east. The view from this com- manding height, accounted 15S5 feet above the level of the sea, extends over a panorama of the \Vick- low mountains, Glancullen, Black-mountain, Kilma- shogue, the Park and Wellington testimonial, the city and bay, Slieve Gullion (County Armagh,) Mourne mountains (County Down,) Lambay, Ireland's Eye, Howth, the Pigeon House, Killiney hills, and im- mediately below, the ruins of the church and castle of Kilgohbin. The three rocks, or rather masses of rocks alluded to, are, like the mountain itself, wholly composed of granite ; the two on the summit are steep on the west side and have their angles completely rounded off, while on the east they slope gradu- ally into the ground and their projecting parts are sharp. The third has its angles but slightly rounded and is rather steep on all sides. In the botanic department, this mountain presents, as may well be supposed, an interesting field of in- quiry. In the marshy grounds, at its base, are seen, viola palustris, marsh violet flowering in June; pedi- cularis sifh-atica, dwarf red rattle, flowering in June, THE DUBLIN MOUNTAINS 819 and a variety of the latter with small flowers ; Hype- ricum elodes, marsh St. John's wort, flowering pale yellow in July ; orchis bifolia, butterfly orchis, flow- ering in June ; orchis musculo, early purple orchis ; carex curta, white sedge, flowering in June; core./; recurva, glaucous sedge ; carex riparia, great com- mon sedge, flowering in May. While on the hill are found digitalis purpurea, fox glove, a beautiful herbaceous plant, much used in medicine : a variety thereof with white flowers ; lepidium hirtum, hairy pepperwort ; gnaphaUum dioicum, mountain cud- weed, flowering in June and July, &c. The pedestrian will, undoubtedly, not be satisfied with this specimen, but be rather induced further to explore the wild magnificence of THE DUBLIN MOUNTAINS, a tract extending into the baronies of Newcastle Rathdown, and Uppercross, and which, though run- ning to within a few miles of the city, has been hitherto so greatly neglected, that much of it is in the state in which the Deluge left it. The summits of these eminences are mostly flat, and covered by shal- low, compact bogs, the sides clothed with the richest heaths down all their descents, and ferns and furze glowing in their varied hues of beauty, occasionally, too, contrasted by the white forms of bold granite rocks, or the moving foam of waterfalls, that soften into murmuring rivulets, and wander through all the valleys. 3 g 2 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. This nigged and almost inaccessible tract of country seemed for rive centuries a barrier of nature, that English laws or armies could not penetrate, and. while the O'Byrnes, with a vigilance that never slept, maintained the fastnesses of their own territory un- affected by the encroachment of the Palesmen. this, the interven- ing district, was resigned by both parties as a theatre of hostility, which neither would cultivate nor even inhabit. There is, however, an association of a more classic nature, which should be the rather recorded here, as it is so little known. How few are aware that their forefathers of the Pale. u Have seen young Harry, with his beaver on, His cuisses on his thighs — gallantlv armed." careering through these valleys ; that amidst these mountains the hero of A^incourt achieved his earliest exploits of arms, and here, beneath the royal standard, received his first order of knighthood from the unfortunate Richard. A remarkable negociation, that took place at this period of Irish history, ou the banks of one of the rivulets alluded to, has been the subject of a highly interesting illuminated picture, in a ^ery curious manuscript on vellum preserved in the British Mu- seum, containing the history of the latter part of Richard's reign and contemporaneous therewith. It is a singular and apparently a faithful deliu?at:on, somewhat misengraved in the title-page of the first volume of Mr. Moore's History of Ireland. In the ori- ginal, the scene is laid in front of a deep defile between two wooded mountains, at whose entrance full in the view appears a crowded mass of lances, and iu their front the young Lord of Gloucester is represented leaning forward on his charger, and cautiouslv exploring the gap of the mountain, while by his side, Lord Henry of Lancaster (afterwards the illustrious Henry the Fifth) seems to direct the eye and attention of his comrade to the gallant Mac Murrough, as he breaks forth from the remoter extremity of that wooded avenue. The Irish chieftain is sketched with much richness of colouring, and heroism of attitude. His fiery courser appears clearing the rivulet that was intended to divide the conference, while himself is represented mastering his steed unshaken, though without the use of saddle or stirrups, as THE DUBLIN MOUNTAINS -21 if. like the Centaur, the proud ariimal he rode were of his own substance. A light pink robe waves over his shoulders, and. while he appears to fling aside his spear with the one hand, he with the other motions back his devoted adherents, whose van is dimly seen in the perspective. His aspect, as he looks towards them, wears a severity that commands obedience, while his fearless con- fidence is finely illustrated by the uncurbed bound, with which his steed seems darting to the English army. It is an excusable enthusiasm for the wanderer of this wilderness, to identify the scene of the event, and mingle with the men of other days. Xor was it until sensibly warned of the approach of a mountain storm, that the author of those pages was fain to forego the enjoyment of historic rumination. An hour of awful sublimity succeeded ; grey, heavily swelled clouds rose magnificent! v over the summits of the southern hills, presently they deepened into darkness, only admitting some stray glimpses of sun- shine to steal through their skirts into the valley. Again, crushing down even these partial fleams, they arrayed themselves in black masses half down the hills, the air became thick and agitated, streams of vapour filled the lower valley, and. as driven before the storm, almost immediately enveloped the observer in the horrors of an impenetrable mist. Moving in- securely over the mountain tops, in all the mystery of the visitation, like one " Who doats yet doubts, suspects, yet strongly loves ;" at length, leaning in silent, fearful expectation against the mossy rock, it was a welcome, joyous appearance, when the eve of heaven again broke through the 822 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. chaos, and the vapour, gradually gliding aside, dis- closed, as on the slow withdrawal of a curtain, partial vistas of the scenery which had been previously so estimated in panorama, and all again appeared in full revelation, beaming in the chastened radiance of re- novated sunshine. Suddenly, a soft breath of music betrayed the presence of a human being at no great distance, it was but the wild voice of a Jews-harp touched by the fingers of a mountain boy, yet, in such a scene, and so subdued an hour, the effect was in- conceivably magical. On these mountains the botanist will observe the simple flower nardus stricta, mat grass, with its dark green leaves, nor does it exist useless in the great scale of vegetable economy, but often lends its aid to give solidity to bogs by the matted base of the numerous leaves and straws, which rest upon and are not buried in the soil, and thus may it have been designed by nature as one of her agents, in conjunction with cares, scirpus, juncus, &c, and the aquatic tribe of plants, to render the situations in which they delight, in pro- cess oftime^firm and useful land; that purpose effected, they decay from the soil or are supplanted by better herbage suitable to animal food. There also abound on those heights jasione montana, common sheep's bit ; lycopoclium clavatum, club moss, &c. In the marshy parts veronica scutellata, narrow leaved marsh speedwell ; scirpus fluitans, floating club rush ; scirpus setaceus, bristle-stalked club rush ; pingaicula vulgaris, common butter wort ; utricu- laria vulgaris, greater bladderwort ; hieraceum pa- THE DUBLIN MOUNTAINS. 823 ludomm, succory-leaved hawkweed ; cnicus palmtris, marsh plume thistle ; senecio aquaticus, marsh rag- wort ; anemone nemorosa, wood anemone ; drosera rotundifolia, round-leaved sundew ; narthecium os- sifragum, Lancashire asphodel ; triglochin palustre, marsh arrow grass. — In the mountainous dry pas- tures, veronica officinalis, common speedwell ; aira cridata, crested hair grass ; parnassia palmtris, grass of Parnassus ; epilobium montanum, smooth-leaved willow herb ; botrijchium lunaria, moonwort ; poly- podium fragile, fine-leaved brittle polypody. In moist heathy places, eriophorum vaginatum, hare's tail cotton grass, one of the earliest grasses ; eriophorum polystachion, broad-leaved cotton grass, flowering from April to June ; juncus uliginosus, little bulbous rush ; carex pendula, pendulous sedge ; hjcopodium selaginoides, prickly club moss. — In heathy rocky grounds, aira caryophyllea, silver hair grass ; galium saxatile, smooth heath bedstraw ; vac- cinium myrtHlus, bilberry ; calluna ml aris, com- mon ling ; sedum acre, wall pepper ; empetrium ni- grum, crow berry; pteris aquilina, common brake ; lycopodium clavatum, common club moss ; lichen cornucopioides, radiated lichen ; vitis idea, re d wort- tleberry, a straggling shrub, flowering in May and June. In bog holes, eriophorum angustifolium, common cotton grass, the down of which, in Ger- many and more northern countries, has been manu- factured into various articles of dress, paper, and wicks for candles. In some parts of Sweden the pea- sants stuff their pillows with it, whence it is called B24 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. poor man's pillow, but it becomes brittle when dry ; erica tetralix, cross-leaved heath ; erica cinerea, fine- leaved heath. — By the sides of rivulets and wet rocks. saxifraga stellaris, starry saxifrage ; and on calca- reous rocks and in their fissures., lichen immersus, sunk lichen : aira flexuosa. wavy mountain hair grass; cotyledon umbilicus, navel wort. fee. Descending from the mountains the pedestrian will resume the high road course of his excursion at SANDY FORD. in which is an excellent chapel in the T form, which, with the house of the Catholic rector, are handsomely situated within an enclosure tastefully planted. This place gives its name, with that of Glancullen, to the Roman Catholic union, there being chapels in each. The union comprises, according to the ancient divi- sions, the whole of Kilgobbin and Kilternan parishes, part of Shankhill at the Scalp, and Ballycorus, part of Monkstown at Murphystown, and part of Taney at Ticknock. The hill between this and the next locality commands splendid views of the bay, its is- lands, and promontories, and all the richness of the intervening district. KILGOEBIN succeeds, an ancient manor of the Harold, and subse- quently of the Walsh families, situated at the foot of the Three Rocks Mountain. KILGOBBIN. S25 Here are the remains of an ancient castle and church ; the former, a fabric of tall and narrow proportions, destitute of outworks, and falling rather under the description of a fortified house, wholly un- ornamented. The entrances were on a level with the surrounding soil, but the few windows were care- fully placed at a considerable height in the rugged walls, the principal part, however, of the structure now lies in mortared masses over its former court. It was erected by the Walshes, and forfeited by one of their descendants in the reign of Charles the First. The Loftus family subsequently acquired it, with the manor, by grant from the crown. The ruins of the church rather resemble those of a farm-house, they are situated in the centre of an elevated ^ravevard, which commands the village and even the castle. In the churchyard are mo- numents to the Trumbles of Woodside, since 1804 : the Deakens, from 17*21 ; Millikens, from 1799; Davises, from 17-^0 ; Taylors of Harold's Grange, from 17*27; Harknesses, from 1 79-i ; Mr. Jona- than Sisson of Lucan, who died in 1780; Mr. Ro- bert Young Prior, who died in 1S25, and an en- closed monument and mural slab to Georgina, wife of John Hutchinson, barrister at law, who died in 1823. Outside the churchyard is a fine granite cross about ten*feet high. The head was circular, enclos- ing a Maltese formed cross, nearlv half, however, of this upper part has been broken off. At the foot of the steep, on which the ruins of the church stand, is a parochial school, having about sixty scholars, and sup- 820 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. ported by private contributions and a sermon in the church. The parish comprises 3257a. 2r. 28p., with a po- pulation returned in 1831 as 1149 persons, of whom 1056 were Roman Catholics, and has compounded for its tithes at £150 per annum, the vicar having also a glebe of fourteen acres here as part of his endowment. It has lately been separated from the union of Bray, and constituted a perpetual vicarage united with Kil- ternan, as hereafter mentioned, in the Roman Catho- lic arrangement. The parish is classed in the union of Sandy ford, but has neither church nor chapel. — The chief proprietors of the soil are Colonel Verner, Mr. Bailey, and Mr. Mac Key. Acreable rent va- ries from 15s. to £5 per annum. In very ancient times Kilgobbin was a chapelry in the Deanery of Bray, dependent upon the mother church of Taney, and con- sequently united therewith in the corps of the Archdeaconry of Dublin. The inquisition of 1547 defines the extent and value of the archdeacon's possessions here, in tithes, altarages, and oblations, the curate being allowed a stipend. Two acres of glebe are therein stated as appertaining to the rectory, which were in 1660 reported as concealed. In 1578 John Walsh died seised of the castle, town, and lands of Kilgobbin and Jamestown, containing 300a., the hamlets of BallyedmundduiF and Ballybrack being parcels of the latter deno- mination.* For a notice in 1580, see at " Rathfaraham." A record of 1605 states, that the priory of All-Hallows in Dublin was seised of half a carucate in the townland of Ballvoffrin, alias Ballyellis, extending in breadth from the lands of John Ha- rold of Kilgobbin, to those of James Garnet, and in length from * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. KILGOBBIX. S27 the mountain land of said John Harold to the water-course run- ning between his lands and the above half carucate, together with commonage of pasturable mountain for as many cattle as they chose to put thereon. The regal visitation of 1615 reports the parish as appertaining to the archdeaconry of Dublin, and that the church and chancel were in ruins. Matthew Talbot of Kilgobbin was one of those for whose head the Lords Justices and Council offered, in 1641, a reward of £400. A survey of 1654 states this parish as bounded by those of Tully on the east, Kilternan on the south, Taney on the west, and Kill on the north. Its contents, including Jamestown, are therein set down as 700a., of which 200a. were classed as arable, 20a. meadow, and the remainder rocky pasture. It adds, that they were the inheritance of Sir Adam Loftus of Rathfarnham, knight, of the annual value of £280, that there were on the pre- mises a castle, thatched, and the walls of a parish church, and that the tithes belonged to the College of Dublin. For a notice in 1697, see at " Donnybrook." In 1700 James Mac Donnell claimed a remainder in tail in Kilgobbin and other lands forfeited by Randal Mac Donnell ; his claim was, however, postponed, he being a petitioner before the House of Commons. For a notice in 1723, see at "Rathfarn- ham." In 1731 a leasehold interest for lives renewable for ever, in the manor, town, aud lands of Kilgobbin with all their denomina- tions, was sold in pursuance of the will of Richard Xutley, Esq., who had held them by that tenure. In 1814 the Board of First Fruits lent £50 for building a glebe-house here, and granted £450 for the same purpose. The glebe-house has been, however, built at Kilternan. In 1823 Mr. Fitzgerald, bequeathed to the churchwardens of this parish and their successors, six guineas annually, during the term of an existing lease, in trust for the poor of said parish, with- out religious distinction, and to be distributed in equal propor- tions at the three festivals of Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide. In the following year this parish, theretofore episcopally united to 828 COUNTY OK DUBLIN. Bray, was, by act of parliament, (26 Geo. III. c. 81,) separated from it, and united to the adjacent one of Kilternan ; the glebe and site for a new church were thereby assigned, and the right of presentation was given to the Archbishop of Dublin in one out of three rotations, the vacancies on the two ensuing occasions to be filled by the Archdeacon of Dublin and his successors. In the marshes about this place the botanist will find menyanthes trifoliate, marsh trefoil ; orchis mascula, early purple orchis. — In the heath and amongst the bushes, stellaria graminea, lesser stich- wort ; fumaria claviculata, white fumitory; orohus tuberosus, heath pea ; Hypericum pulchrum, upright St. John's wort ; agrifolvwm or aqui folium, holly, of whose bark bird-lime is made ; and, on the boundary walls of the road that passes hence to Kilternan, at the base of the Three Rocks Mountain and through the vil- lage of Step-aside, may be found sisymbrium Thalia- num, common thale cress, flowering in April and May. From the latter place a mountain road at right leads to the wild scenery of GLAN-CULLEN. The valley that gives name to this locality is tra- versed by a rivulet, as are the boundary hills by nu- merous rough passes, " Contrived a double debt to pay," in winter the channels of foaming water courses, in summer of rough and perilous car-ways, by which the villagers bring down granite and turf. In a commanding situation over the glen is a G LAN-CULL EN. 829 Roman Catholic church, erected in 1824, dedicated to St. Patrick, and surrounded by a new burial ground. At a short distance from it is a school, attended by about fifty children, for the support of which the Na- tional Board allows £10 annually. Mr. Fitz Simon is the chief proprietor in fee of the Dublin side of Glancullen, a portion (accounted in the county Wick- low) belonging to Lord Powerscourt : the former has a residence here, in which the celebrated Doctor O'Lcary is said to have composed some of his works. Arable land in the valley is let at from £l 10s. to £2 per acre, a privilege of mountain commonage be- ing given gratuitously, according to a certain stint, to the tenants of the lowlands. The summits of the surrounding hills present, on a substratum of granite, large tracts of bog, which, when cut down to the stone, are, after a lapse of a few years, reproduced in situations where no spongy oozings but only natural growth could effect their restoration; the abies subterranean bog fir, is dug here at the depth of three or four feet, and supplies Dub- lin with an excellent material for lighting fires. This wood is also, according to Rutty, beaten into strings, and combed and spun, when several fibres are twisted together to make ropes, which have the advantage of not being subject to rot as the hempen cords are. The views from these eminences are, as may be supposed, sublime and extensive. One should be particularly visited on account of the singular assem- blage of terrific rocks by which it is crowned, and which, wearing the appearance of a battery sur- 830 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. mounted by a cannon, has been in a medley com- bination of English and Irish styled Clough-na-gun, i. e. the stone of the gun. The prospect from this wild eminence commands the two moieties of the ba- rony of Rathdown as mapped below, a panorama em- bracing the mountains of Tonlagee, Lugduff, Coma- derry, Kippure, Lough Bray, a silvered sheet, Glan- cree Barracks, the Military Road, Wicklow Head, the sea, Bray, Shankhill, Rochestown Hills, Lambay, Ireland's Eye, Howth apparently an island, the shores of Clontarf, the city, &c. The savage cha- racter of this spot was, on the day of visit, alarmingly increased by groups, as it would seem, of merciless waylayers, heartless brigands, unexpectedly discovered lying with their muskets half concealed amongst the rocks, but vigilantly watching the whole surface of the moor, and catching every sound of footsteps. A recollection of the calendar happily explained these fearful appearances, it was the nineteenth of August, the day preceding the grouse-shooting in this coun- try, and the objects of alarm were the game-keepers of the several proprietors, guarding the heath haunts of their devoted victims. A small portion of this townland belonged at a remote period to the monks of St. Mary's Abbey. See' at " Kilternan," in 1545. In 1610 Thomas Fitz William suffered a recovery of Kilter- nan and Glancullen, one castle, six messuages, and 200a., and of the rectory of Kilternan, &o.* Nevertheless a survey of 1654 states 300a. here as the inheritance of the Lord of Merrion, * Inquis in Cane. Hib. KILTERNAN. 831 " Irish papist," while the Book of Survey and Distribution as- signs to him but 223a. here. In 1666 Oliver Earl of Tyrconnel had a grant of 361a., statute measure, in Glancullen and its subdenomination Ballybrack, of which he died seised in the following year,* and in 1676 the then Lord Fitz William sold his portion of the denomination to Mr. Thomas Fitz Simon of Dublin, ancestor of its present inheritor. In 1722 Glancullen was united to the prebend of Stagonil in lieu of certain townlands in the county of Wicklow, " to the in- tent that the respective inhabitants should be better accommodated." In 1826 Lord Castlecoote bequeathed to the Most Reverend Doctor Murray the sum of £2000 for the benefit of the poor schools of Glancullen, Sandyford, and the adjacent parishes, and directed that same should be paid out of the produce of his per- sonal estate. A lovely part of Glancullen, a deep, sequestered, wooded vale, watered by a little rivulet, and traversed by sweet, shady pathways to mountain villages, glides into Enniskerry, while a wild road, descending a steep hill, and commanding a most magnificent view of the sea and shore in all its extent from Bray to Dublin, precipitates the tourist from the present locality into the village of KILTERNAN, which, with its paper mills and factory embosomed in trees, its new granite church, and the old one wrapt in ivy and surrounded by elder trees and thorns, all overshadowed by the Three Rocks moun- tain and the hill of Ballyedmundduff, presents a very * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 832 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. picturesque appearance. The new church is how- ever, on nearer inspection, a tasteless edifice, built about ten years, and for whose completion the Ec- clesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £181 \6s. 8d. It stands in a grassy enclosure, yet undistinguished by a grave, and near it is a handsome glebe house. The cotton factory (Mr. Mosse's) employs four or five men, and about twenty girls, while in the paper mills (Mr. Hely's) about thirty persons are engaged during six months in the year, but the wages in each, as flu* as the author could learn, is injudiciously and thanklessly settled in goods and provisions principally, a custom which, however well intended in some instances, cannot be sufficiently deprecated. The rectory being impropriate in Sir Compton Domville, this parish ranks as a vicarage in the dea- nery and union of Bray, comprising 31 65a. 2r. 26p. Its population in 1831 was reported as 913, of whom 757 were Roman Catholics. In the arrangement of that church, this parish is in the union of Sandyford. Sir Compton Domville is the chief proprietor of the fee ; the annual rent of the good low lands is about £4 per acre on modern lettings, but less for the highlands. This locality was, from a very early period, the estate of the fraternity of St. Mary's Abbey , Dublin, who here had their country residence. In 1539 the abbot of that house demised the village of Kilternan to Walter Goulding of the Grange of Portmarnock, with the tithes of grain and hay thereof, for twenty-one years, and in 1544, after the dissolution, the king-, having become seised of the premises, demised them to Walter Pippard of Kilkea, KILTER NAN. 833 for twenty-one years, together with the castle, messuages, lands, mills, fisheries, &c, and also the church, chapel, or rectory of Kilternan, with all the tithes and spiritual estate belonging there- to, advowsons excepted ; and the same monarch subsequently granted the reversion to Edward Bassenet, Dean of St. Patrick's, the premises being described as " lying on the extreme parts of the English Pale, same having been part of the estate of the lately dissolved abbey of the Blessed Virgin Mary, near Dublin," and this was for a considerable time afterwards the dean's residence. In 1545 an extent was taken of the townland of Kilternan, with the rectory thereof, as parcel of the estate of the aforesaid religious house. This states its possessions here as three hamlets, called the Old Grange of Kilcullen, Betaghtown, and Ballycakan, parcel of Kilternan. " In the said town," continues the inquisi- tion, is a castle and twenty messuages and cottages, 80a. of arable, 20a. of pasture and moor, and 20a. of underwood, called Glan- cullen and Manganmactyry, 120a. of stony mountain, the said castle, &c, being at the extremity of the English Pale, and adjoin- ing the O'Tooles on the south. The tithes of the said rectory were collected yearly by two couples, and were of the annual value, besides reprises, of 20$. There are no remains of the castle now traceable. At the close of the sixteenth century, Thomas Fitz William was seised in fee of Booterstown 140a. ; Dundrum and Ballantire, one castle, one water-mill, and 240a. ; Kilternan and Glancullen, one castle, and 200a. ; with the rectory of Kilternan, Little Bray, a castle, and 50a. ; Keppock 60a., Owenstown, a castle and 60a., Finnstown, 60a., Ballintire, 40a. &c, as also of all the tithes, both great and small, issuing out of the rectory and town of Kilternan aforesaid.* The regal visitation of 1615 reports the rectory as impropriate, Eugene Ellis curate, church and chancel in ruins. A survey of 1654 states the contents of Kilternan and Bally- betagh as 500a., which had been the inheritance of the Lord of Merrion, " Irish papist," that they were valued in 1640 at £80, and in 1654 at £160 per annum ; that there were on the premises a castle and the walls of a parish church, and that the tithes be- * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 3 H 834 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". longed to the proprietor. The Book of Survey and Distribution states the contents of Kilternan and Ballybetagh as 722a. In 1666 Oliver Earl of Tyrconnell was seised of 1169a. sta- tute measure, in Kilternan and Ballybetagh ; Thorncastle and Booterstown, 285a. ; Ringsend 6a., and 212a. near it ; Donny- brook, 9a. ; Merrion, with the Murroughs appertaining thereto ; new Drescan, with its Murroughs, &c. In 1693 John King was collated to the united parishes of Rath- michael, Kilternan, Old Connaught, Stagonil, and Bray. For a notice in 1697, see at f* Ballyman." A pretty hedged road leads hence by Springfield, the handsome seat of Mr. Thompson, at right, and by a large poor school at left, where about ninety chil- dren of both sexes are educated on funds provided by the Protestant rector and the neighbouring gentry ; thence into the remarkable defile, popularly termed THE SCALP, one side of which is bounded by the rocky hill of Barnaslingan, in the county of Dublin, the other by the smooth grassy ascent of Killegar, in the county of Wicklow, both eminences being considerably elevated. The old road to Enniskerry ran at the bottom of this sublime chasm, which extends several hundred fathoms in length from north to south, cut across granite and schist, so that their contact may be easily observed, the schistose rocks recline against the granite, and are much contorted. " The schist," says Mr. Stephens, " is here lower than the granite, and its surface is co- vered with earth and grass ; that of the granite, on the contrary, is rugged, and where it is covered with CARRICKMINES. 835 soil, the vegetation is less luxuriant than that above the schist, so that the boundary can be readily distin- guished at a considerable distance. We observed here," he adds, " in the mica slate on the eastern side of the road, the same mineral crystalized in qua- drangular prisms, which is so abundant at Killiney, and also indurated talc with a similar substance im- bedded in it, and resembling the specimens obtained at Douce." Even to those, who are unacquainted with the di- vine intelligences of geology, this scene has constant attraction ; while they, who love to see their fellow- creatures happy, may here frequently witness the groups of citizens, in their hours of recreation, chasing the goats from their lowland haunts, like chamois, to the topmost rocks, arraying themselves triumphantly through their aromatic pastures, and, at the approach of sunset, spreading on their tables of sparkling gra- nite viands of more than ordinary relish and enjoy- ment. A shady road leads from Kilternan to a wretched village, that yet vaunts the appellation of the Golden Ball, whence a singularly straight avenue, through fields of granite thinly disguised with soil and flow- ering (in July) with the ejjilobium angustifolium, rose bay willow herb, conducts in view of the Tick- nock mills at right, into CARRICKMINES, a village, the seat of an ancient chapelry, but now accounted a denomination in the parish of Kilternan. 3 h2 836 COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. It was formerly a manor and residence of the Walsh family, and is now the fee of Lord Carysfort. Rent rates from £2 to £4 per annum. In 1178 Archbishop O'Toole confirmed the church of ' ; Car- rickmayne," with all its tithes, to Christ Church. In 1406 John Walsh and David Walsh, of Carrickmayne, gave to Henry Fitz Adam Walsh all the messuages, lands. &:c. in Car- rickmayne. Ballyroe, and Annodan, in this county, in tail male ; and, at the commencement of the sixteenth century. Richard Walsh was seised of Carrickmayne, one castle and 300a. with other adja- cent lands.* In 164*2 Sir Simon Harcourt marched hither to dislodge its Irish garrison. He was shot in the attack and died on the follow- ing day at Merrion, the house of Lord Fitzwilliam. whither he had been with difficulty removed. His Lieutenant Colonel Gibson thereupon stormed this castle, and his soldiery " put them all to the sword, sparing neither man. woman, nor child."t A survey of 1654 states Carrickmines as containing 466a., of which 234 were arable. 200 rocky pasture, and thirty-two meadow ; that they were the inheritance of Theobald Walsh, of Carrick- mayne. " Irish Papist." who had acted in the Irish army as captain of a foot company ; that there were on the premises the walls of a castle and a bawn ; that the premises constituted a manor with court leet, and the tithes were payable to Christ Church. There is no trace of the castle now remaining; but a lofty pleasure tur- ret, erected near its former site by a Mr. Barrington, deceives the inquirer. In 1669 Edward Earl of Meath passed patent for Carrickmines and Ballinroe, 1023a. statute measure ; and in 1776 William Mayne was created Lord Xewhaven of Carrickmayne. Cornell's court, the next place deserving attention, is now the estate of the Misses Byrne, of Cabinteely. The stump of Inquis. in Cane. Hib. Borlase's Irish Rebellion, f. 97. STILLORGAN. 837 its ancient castle yet remains, exhibiting the crypted roof of the baronial kitchen, and some other mutilated fragments. By an inquisition of 1545 it appears, that the abbess of Lis- mullen, in the county Meath, was seised in right of her house of a castle, one messuage, eight cottages, and 77a. here, of the annual value of £2 6s. 8d., while the greater part of the surrounding townland appertained at the same time to the Luttrel family, from whom it passed to that of Cheevers. For a notice in 1546, see at « Monkstown." In 1640 Henry Cheevers died seised of Cornell's Court, one castle, four messuages, and 60a. ;* while a survey of 1654 states this townland as containing 250a., then the inheritance of Wal- ter Cheevers of Monkstown, Irish papist, that on the premises was a thatched castle, and that the tithes belonged to Christ Church. In 1666 said Walter Cheevers obtained a confirmatory patent of same with other lands. From Cornell's Court a rather dreary road leads to Stillorgan, the Three Rocks mountain at left alone giving interest to the scene. On the approach, how- ever, to the latter village, a number of handsome demesnes and sequestered villas beguile the way, Mount-Eagle, that of Mr. Grady, with its very hand- some gatehouse, being peculiarly attractive. STILLORGAN may be characterized as a village of the better order, consisting of a street of houses, principally slated. Here was formerly the residence of Lord Carysfort, to whose heir the fee belongs. Annual rent here- * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 838 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. abouts varies from £7 to £10 per acre, the ground being chiefly let in building or ornamental lots. The church is roomy and in good repair. It has no monumental decorations, but in the grave-yard are tombs for the Darleys of Stillorgan, the Goffs, Les- lies, Georges of Thornhill, Co rne walls ; others to Robert Vance, who died in 1810; Rev. Edward Beatty, vicar of the parish, died 1818 ; Eleanor, wife of John Madam of the county of Norfolk ; Mrs. Grif- fith, daughter of Chief Baron Burgh, who died in 1820; Captain Warburton of the Royal Navy, died 1828; Bartholomew Boyd Warburton, died 1823; Rev. Robert Ball, Vicar of Drumholm, in the dio- cese of Raphoe, and Chaplain of St. Matthew's* Ringsend, died 1828 ; Mrs. O'Ferral, widow of Ge- rald O'Ferral, died 1832 ; and a monument of the seventeenth century to Edmund Buller and his wife, &c. At the entrance into this churchyard are poor schools, one for boys, at which about forty- five are educated, another for girls attended by thirty-five, there is likewise an infant school attached. They are all supported by private contributions and sermons at the church. Near the town, in Mr. Verschoyle's residence, preeminently called Stillorgan Park, is a fine obelisk, 100 feet in height, placed on a rustic base, to each side of which is a double staircase leading to a plat- form, that commands a fine view of the bay and shores of Dublin. Stillorgan is a curacy united with that of Kil- macud, the union being of the annual value of £181, STILLORGAN. 839 and in the gift of the Dean of Christ Church. The church is, as before mentioned, in this parish, and near it is the glebe-house with four acres of glebe adjoining. In 1834 the population of both parishes was returned as 2145 persons, of whom 1309 were Roman Catholics. The number of these, that rank as labourers, is supposed to be about 240, half of whom have constant employment, and the rest occa- sional. Mr. Darley has a brewery in the village, and a dispensary was established here in 1828. The church, according to Allen's " Liber Niger," was dedi- cated to St. Brigid, and was accounted in the marches, as was also the adjacent church of St. Fintan of Clonkene. In 1216 Ray- mond de Carew granted the church of " Stacklorgan," with the advowson and the land around it called Athnakill, to the priory of the Holy Trinity. The soil was about this time the property of the Cruise family, a member of which, Sir John Cruise, conveyed it at the close of the fourteenth century to Robert Derpatrick, to hold in tail male. In 1420 the king committed to William Tynbegh the custody of all the lands here, with the appurtenances, &c, being in the king's hands by reason of the death of said Robert Derpatrick, to hold during the minority of Stephen Derpatrick, his brother and heir, and in 1422 an assignment of dower to Catherine Uriel, the widow of said Robert, gave her, amongst various premises, 2a. of wood near the church, and a third part of the profits of the mill of Stillorgan. The custody of the other two-thirds was at the same time committed by the king to Bartholomew de Bathe during the minority of said Stephen Derpatrick.* The townland was then accounted " in the marches of the county of Dublin." This place, subsequently, on the failure of the male line of the Derpatricks (as it would seem), reverted to the Cruises, and on the marriage of Marian, daughter and heiress of Sir Christopher * Rot. in Cane. Hib. 840 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Cruise, with Thomas Plunkett, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, passed to the latter family ; accordingly, in 1588 Richard Plunkett of Rathmore in the county of Meath, was found seised of 300a. here, but his estate therein afterwards passed to William Wol- verston,* whose son James was one of the distinguished individuals that signed the Roman Catholic Remonstrance in 1666. — For a notice in 1697, see at " Booterstown." In 1700 Sir Maurice Eustace, knight, claimed an estate in fee by letters patent and act of parliament in Stillorgan, Leperstown, and other lands. His petition was, however, dismissed. In 1716 a cavity was discovered here, two feet long, sixteen inches wide, and about fourteen inches deep, the two sides and ends of which were lined with four rude flag-stones, set edgeways, over which was placed a covering of one huge massy stone, that ten men could not lift, lying two feet beneath the surface of the ground. This box contained several fragments of human bones, as parts of the skull, jaws, teeth, some portion of the spine, ribs, bones of the legs and thighs, some of them, particularly a thigh bone very complete, and lying promiscuously disposed within the hollow of the grave, near which, within the same grave, stood an urn containing nothing but loose earth, that accidentally fell in as the workmen were opening the grave.| At the time of the re- markable scarcity of 1741, Lady Pierce caused the obelisk, which adorns this place, to be erected for the employment of the poor. In 1764 the dean and chapter of Christ Church granted to Beather King, then curate of the parishes of Stillorgan and Kil- macud, and his successors, a convenient portion of the tithes thereof, and also a glebe for his maintenance, and in 1785 the Hon. Chichester Skeffington had his residence here. Stillorgan gives the title of baron to the family of Allen (Viscount Allen.) The draba verna, or common whitlow-grass, abounds on the walls here, as also the saxifraga tri~ dactylotes, rue saxifrage. A road branches hence at right, by the fine de- Inquis. in Cane. Hib. t Ware's Ant. p. 149. K1LMACUD. 841 mesne of Sans Souci, to Booterstown, while at left another leads to KILMACUD, once the seat of Lord Redesdale. It stands upon a rising ground, in a pure and wholesome situation, and gives its name to the small parish (286a. 1r. 15p.) in which it is situated ; a curacy united with that of Stil- lorgan, and assessed for its tithes at £42 per annum. The fee of the principal portion is in Mr. Arabin. The church here was from a very early period appropriated to the convent of Grany, and, accordingly, on the suppression of that religious house in 1539, iEgidia Wale, its last prioress, was found seised of the churches of St. Patrick of Dunabate, Kilmacud, and Bray, appropriated to the said abbey, and demised to Thomas Porsiveck, Rector of Lyons, and John Fitz Simon of Dublin, mer- chant, with their tithes and other emoluments for the term of sixty years, at the annual rent of ten marks of silver. In the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, the Archbold family were seised in fee of the townland of Kilmacud, which they held of Sir Thomas Fitz William of Merrion, as of his manor of Thorn Castle. A survey of 1654 states this place as comprising 60a. arable, 20a. pasture, and 15a. meadow, formerly the property of Maurice Archbold of Kilmacud, who gave his interest therein to Richard Archbold of Mapas in England, and adds, that the tithes apper- tained to Christ Church, Dublin. In 1666 James Duke of York passed patent for the moiety of Kilmacud 75a. plantation measure, which, on his attainder, was granted, with liberty of commonage of 31a., to the Hollow Blade company. The rail, moaning through a succession of mea- 842 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. clows, newly cut down and redolent with fragrance, heralded the course hence to simmon's-court, where, surrounded by ash trees, are found the re- mains of a castle still exhibiting one arch, with a corner tower having a flight of twenty-eight stone steps to its summit. That summit, once the area of a large room, is now carpeted with weeds and grass, and, as all the apartments, that formerly towered above it, have crumbled away, the fragments of its own walls are thickly festooned with tendrils of ivy and chle- matis. About the year 1178 Archbishop O'Toole confirmed to Christ Church (inter alia) this townland, and in 1640 an act was sought, for confirming the possessions of the dean and chapter of that cathedral in this locality, but it was resisted by the Lord of Mer- rion, as prejudicial to his right in a moiety of said lands in fee simple by ancient inheritance, and in the other moiety by lease. The proposed bill was, thereupon, accordingly thrown out. A survey of 1654 states Simmon's Court to contain 110a., of which eighty w T ere arable, twenty meadow, and ten pasture; that it had been the property of the Lord of Merrion, " an Irish pa- pist," and that the tithes belonged to the College of Dublin. In 1666, in a grant of 178a. statute measure, part hereof, to Oliver Earl of Tyrconnel, the rights of the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church were especially saved. In 1805 John O'Neill directed by his will, that whoever should enjoy a certain interest in the lands of Simmon's Court, should pay, during the continuance thereof, one guinea yearly to the sup- port of Townsend-street chapel. Passing hence by BALL S BRIDGE. 843 ball's bridge, erected over the Dodder originally in 1 79 1 5 and re- built in 1835, a considerable factory for printing linens and cottons is seen at left ; it is kept by Messrs. Duffy and Co., who employ about 350 persons, while the machinery is worked by steam engines of forty horse power. The Botanic Garden of Trinity Col- lege succeeds, very inferior to that of the Dublin Society, but still well worthy of inspection. It con- tains three and a half Irish acres, bounded on every side by a substantial wall, twelve feet in height. It has a good collection of grasses and medicinal plants, a conservatory, and a small aquarium. Adjacent to this are the Hammersmith iron works, established in 1834 by Mr. R. Turner. In the open fields hereabouts the botanist will find euphorbia peplus, petty spurge ; euphorbia he- lioscopia, sun spurge ; fumaria capreolata, climbing fumitory ; a?ithemis cotula, fetid chamomile. — In the adjacent gravel pits, papaver argemone, long prickly- headed poppy. — On the walls and dry banks, draba ver?ia f common whitlow grass : and on the ditches, between this and Booterstown, carduus tenuiflorus, slender flowered thistle ; sparganium ramosum, branched bur-reed ; carduus acanthoides, welted thistle, fcc. 844 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. BAGOTRATH, the closing locality of this route, can now be scarcely considered but in connexion with the city. No re- mains can be traced of its formerly extensive castle, the scene of several severe engagements ; a fashion- able range of dwelling houses has risen over its pros- trate foundations. The Hon. Sydney Herbert is pro- prietor of the fee. Soon after the invasion, " the rath near Dovenadbroc," (Don- nybrook,) was given to Theobald Walter, the first Butler; and in 1280 the manor of " Rath" was granted to Robert le Bagot, to- gether with the water of the Dodder hence to the sea, and the commons of the woods of Maynooth. This grant was, however, contested by the Butlers even down to the year 1320.* The above Sir Robert Bagot granted to the nunnery of St. Mary de Hogges 3a. of Bagotrath, as it was then called, in exchange for a messuage and curtilage in the suburbs of Dublin, belonging to said nunnery, the prioress thereof also rendering to him and his heirs a pair of gloves, or three pence, in lieu of all services. By a regal mandate of 1374, William Fitz William was re- moved from the custody of the manor and castle of Bagotrath, which had been the property (as the writ recites) of William Ba- got, and the same were committed to the Bishop of Meath.f From this period the Bagot family were no otherwise traced in connexion with this locality, than in the long enduring memorial of its name. In 1403 Sir Edward Perrers and Johanna, his wife, obtained a grant of this place, stated to be within the liberties of Dublin, and to be thenceforth held of the mayor and commons of that city. J In 1649 the struggle for the possession of this castle brought on the before mentioned battle of Rathmines. The Marquis of * Rot. in Cane. Hib. tlb. }lb. BAGOTRATH. 845 Ormonde had encamped at the latter place, and in the night de- spatched Major General Purcell, with 1500 men, to take this cas- tle, while himself, to favour Purcell's operations, kept his forces all night under arms. In the morning, however, when the mar- quis visited Purcell, he found very little had been done, the latter alleging he was misled in the night by those who undertook to guide him. The marquis thereupon retired to his tent to take repose, expecting no attack ; but in this he was grievously de- ceived, as has been stated in the notices of Rathmines. This castle again held out for some days against the parliamentary forces headed by Oliver Cromwell, but that experienced commander, taking it by storm, demolished its outworks, and left but one tower of the edifice standing. In 1666 Oliver Earl of Tyrconnel obtained a grant of 323a. statute measure here, which, on his forfeiture, passed to the Lord Viscount Fitz William. Not far from the site of Bagotrath Castle are Beggars' Bush Barracks, erected for the accommo- dation of four companies of infantry. 846 THE NINTH EXCURSION. Leaving at left the extensive works of the Hiber- nian Gas Company, where upwards of 100 men have daily employment, the follower of this, the last ex- cursion, arrives at a drawbridge, that divides the noble docks erected by the Grand Canal Company, being the point where, in its " days of nature," the Dodder emptied itself into the sea. The wet docks are ca- pable of floating 400 sail in sixteen feet of water, and the graving docks of receiving six vessels of 500 tons burden. The company charge certain rates of dockage on vessels using those, under regulations prescribed by the 31 Geo. III. c. 42, while it may be remarked that their line of navigation, here terminated, was commenced in 1765, and has been since subjected to the statutable regulations of the 11 and 12 Geo. III. c. 31 ; 29 Geo. III. c. 39 ; 31 Geo. III. c. 42 ; 35 Geo. III. c. 44; and 53 Geo. III. c. 143. A short interval of marshy meadow intervenes between the bridge alluded to and another, a hand- some eliptic arch, which crosses the DODDER, before it mingles with the Liffey and the sea. This romantic river takes its rise in a valley at DODDER. 847 the northern side of the Kippure mountains, and is subject to such violent floods, as have been frequently known to carry away its bridges and inundate whole tracts on its borders. The length of its course is but twelve miles, flowing, as is detailed at the particular localities, from the foot of Kippure, by Castlekelly and Tempi eogue, whence, running by Rathfarnham, Miltown, Clonskeagh, Donnybrook, and Ballsbridgc, it discharges itself into the sea at Ringsend. Its early character is wild and boisterous, foaming amidst rocks, and usually swelled by mountain floods and showers, the close of its course, however, is gentle even to sluggishness. A stream, that runs through Templeogue and Kim- mage, is a branch of this river, and formerly afforded the sole supply for the citizens of Dublin, the right in which was saved to them by the act 7 Geo. I. c. 6. Another small rivulet, running by Cruagh and Rock- brook, and formerly employed in the service of a few mills, joins this river at Rathfarnham ; while, in other times, a branch of it diverged in a channel by the garden of Dublin Castle, supplying the stable and other out-offlces with water, and filling the moat that then encompassed that fortress. Dr. Rutty makes particular mention of a petrify- ing water on the banks of this river. " It dribbles," he says, " down the sides of the banks in some places, on the west side of Rathfarnham bridge, where I found some curious sparry bodies, and particularly the petrifactions called stalagmites coralloides. This wa- ter appears also to be replete with calcareous parti- S4S COUNTY OF DUBLIN. cles, which, on occasion of its slow, dribbling motion, it deposits, and forms incrustations on the moss and grass. It also cements the parts of the clay and gra- vel, and forms solid rocks, some of them of a stupen- dous bigness, in several plac es along the banks of this, between the west side of the bridge and the rise of the river, from the mountains at Castlekelly : and all those are manifestly mere petrifactions from the cal- careous matter deposited by the water, for they all fermented strongly with spirit of vitriol. This wa- ter curdled first, and then lathered slowly with soap." In Kin? John's charter to the city of Dublin this river is men- tioned ••Dother~ by name, and its course from Donnybrook to the sea prescribed, as a part of the boundaries of the liberties of the city of Dublin. In 19B0 Robert le Bagod had a grant of the water of the Dodder. In 1331, when a grievous famine afflicted all Ireland, and the city of Dublin especially, the citizens, in their highest distress, re- ceived an unexpected and providential relief at the mouth of this river, where a prodigious number of lar^e sea fish, called Turlehides, that filled the bay. were cast on shore. u They were," as Harris alleges, --from thirty to forty feet long, and so bulky, that two tall men, placed one at each side of the fish, could not see one another. The Lord Justice- Sir Anthony Lucy, with his ser- vants, and many of the citizens of Dublin, killed above '200 of them, and gave leave to the poor to carry them away at their pleasure.*** For a notice of the Dodder in 14>S. see the "Gene, ral History of the County of Dublin." A Pipe Water Act of 1 779 states that the Earls of Meath. as lords of the manor of the Liberty of Thomas Court and Donore, had for many ages been seised and possessed of the watercourse of this river, beginning at the place called the tongue of said river, * Harris's Dublin. RIXGSEND. 849 which divides said watercourse between the liberty and the city of Dublin. In 1787 occurred one of those remarkable floods, by which this river has been affected. Along its banks the botanist will find saponaria officinalis, soap wort; lithosper mum officinale, com- mon gromwell ; scleranthus annuus, annual knowel; centaurea scabiosa, greater knapweed ; poterium sanguisorba, salad burnet; cocldearia Anglica, Eng- lish scurvy grass ; erigeron acre, blue flea-bane ; nepeta cataria, cat mint, flowering in July and August, &c. RINGSEND, the immediately adjoining locality, is an unchangeably wretched village, once the first inauspicious harbour of hovels, that prejudiced the foreign tourist on land- ing in the Emerald Isle. In reference to its statistics it may be remarked, that the Hon. Sydney Herbert is proprietor of the fee, that Mr. Clarke has an iron foundry here, where about fifty men have daily employment, and that there are also a glass house and three salt works in the village ; but the removal of the Royal Dock-yard, and the transfer of the old packet station from the Pigeon-House, have consigned this place to total decay and desertion. On the 14th of November 1646, the parliamentary forces landed at Ringsend, and on the 14th of August 1649, Oliver Cromwell, who had contrived by his intrigues to be chosen Lord 3 i 850 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Lieutenant of Ireland by an unanimous vote of parliament, landed at Ringsend with 8000 foot, 4000 horse, a formidable train of artillery, and all other necessaries of war. His career of blood- shed, confiscation, and religious persecution in this devoted country, cannot be better related than in the energetic language of Sir Jonah Barrington, who, commencing with an allusion to Charles the First, writes, " The English rebels subdued him, the Scots betrayed him, conjointly they beheaded him, but Ireland upheld him ; she combated his murderers, and, as the reward of loyalty, she met the fate of rebels. The wrecks of Cromwell's desolation still appear scattered over every part of Ireland, blood, that escaped the massacres of Elizabeth, was only reserved to flow under the sword of usurpation, and Cromwell has the credit of having done his business more effectually than any of his pre- decessors. He cooped up the surviving Irish in a contracted district, confined the clergy nearly to one county, confiscated two- thirds of Irish territory, and stained his sanguinary career by indiscriminate massacres in every fortress that resisted him. " Never was any rebel so triumphant as he was in Ireland, yet it is impossible to deny, that perhaps a less decisive or less cruel general, than that splendid usurper, might by lenity have increased the misery in prolonging the warfare, and have length- ened out the sanguinary scenes of an unavailing resistance. But it is remarkable, that Charles, the graceless son of the decapitated monarch, on his restoration, confirmed under his seal the con- fiscation against the Irish Royalists, and actually re-granted their estates and territories to the heirs and descendants of his father's murderers."* About the year 1650 the first bridge was erected over the Dodder here, when it singularly occurred, that it was scarcely finished, and a safe passage effected over this theretofore danger- ous stream, than it suddenly altered its channel, leaving the bridge on dry ground and useless, "in which perverse course," says Boate, "it continued, until perforce it was constrained to return to its old channel." * Barrington's Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation, p. 21-1. RINGSEND. 851 For a notice in 1666 see at " Kilternan." In 1670 a great storm happening at new moon, the tide overflowed the banks here, flooded up to the college, and high into the city, some houses were swept down, and many cellars and warehouses laid under water. In the same year Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, landed here as Viceroy of Ireland. In April, 1690, " Sir Cloudesley Shovel, who had come to Belfast as convoy to several ships that brought over necessaries for King William's army, received intelligence of a frigate at anchor in the bay of Dublin, and several other small vessels laden with hides, tallow, wools, some plate, and several other things designed for France ; he thereupon sailed on Good Friday to the mouth of this bay, and there, leaving the Monk and some more great ships, he took the Monmouth yacht, and one or two more, with several long boats, and went to Poolbeg, where the frigate lay, having sixteen guns, and four pattereroes. King James, when he heard of it, said, it was some of his loyal subjects of England returning to their duty and allegiance, but, when he saw them draw near the ship and heard the firing, he rode out towards Ringsend, whither gathered a vast crowd of people of all sorts, and there were several regiments drawn out, if it were possible to kill these bold fellows at sea, who durst on such a good day per- form so wicked a deed (as they called it.) Captain Bennet, that commanded the frigate, ran her on ground, and, after several firings from some other ships of theirs, as also from that, when they saw a fireship coming in, which Sir Cloudesley had given a sign to, they all quitted the frigate, being at first about forty, but they lost six or seven in the action."* In December, 1691, when de Ginkel was departing for Eng- land, the Lords Justices, and most of the nobility and gentry in and about Dublin, accompanied him to Ringsend, where taking leave he went on board the Monmouth yacht and sailed next morning.f In 1703, the inhabitants of this place having become nume- rous by the accession of many officers of the port, seamen and * Story's Impartial Hist. p. 58. t Id. Part 2. p. 288. 3 i 2 5S2 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. strangers, and being not only distant from Donnybrook, their ari sh church, but prevented from resorting thither by tides and waters overflowing the highway, an act was passed authorizing Y iscount Merrion to convey any quantity of land, not exceeding two acres, for a church and churchyard for their accommodation, and the Archbishop of Dublin was empowered to apply £100 out of the forfeited tithes towards building same, an endowment which afterwards took effect in the adjacent village of Irish- town. In 1709 the Earl of Wharton landed at Ringsend, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1725, on the death of the Reverend John Borrough, the first minister of the M Royal Chapel of St. Matthew of Ringsend," the king appointed Isaac Hartlitt thereto, on whose decease Isaac Mann succeeded, he holding therewith the rectory of Killary. alias Killavery in the diocese of Meath. In 1750 Dean Theophilus Brocas was preferred to this curacy by the crown, he was succeeded in 1764 by John Brocas, on whose death in 1795 Robert Ball was presented to the benefice, which is now held by the Reverend R. H. WalL In 1782 the old bridge, before alluded to, was swept away by a flood, and it was not until the year 1786 that statutory enactments were passed for restoring the communication, and supplying Ringsend and Irishtowu with water from the Dodder, (26 Geo. Ill, c. 19. ss. 84 6c 85.) For a further notice in this year see at the « LirTey." In 1802 an inundation destroyed the last mentioned bridge also, whereupon was erected the present handsome and substan- tial one of mountain granite, and which is supposed capable of re- sisting anv possible force of the water. At this time the number of wherries here was returned as seven. In the marshy waters about this place grow, sa- gina maritima, sea pearl-wort; ranunculus bulbosus, bulbous crowfoot ; nasturtium terrestre, annual yel- low cress, flowering from June to September ; poa distans, poa maritima, aster tripolium, sea starwort ; RIXGSEND. 853 and on the dry banks, caacalis nodosa, knotted pars- ley. From the point of Ringsend, the south wall of the harbour extends into the bay 17?754 feet, nearly three English miles and an half. It was commenced in 1748, and is formed of large blocks of mountain granite, strongly cemented, and strengthened with iron cramps. The breadth of the road to a strong artillery station therein, called The Pigeon House, is near forty feet, and thence to the Light-house thirty-two feet at bottom, but narrows to twenty-eight feet at top, the whole rising five feet above high w T ater.* A basin is formed at the former place, 900 feet long by 450 broad, and a landing-place raised 200 feet broad, on which are several convenient wharfs, now but little frequented. The pier at this point is 250 feet wide, and on it are raised buildings, which were formerly used as a magazine, an arsenal, and a custom-house. In the channel between the Pigeon-house and Light-house is the anchorage called Poolbeg, where vessels may lie in fifteen feet at low water. The sand-banks in the same direction abound with shells, and in particular it may be mentioned, that Doctor Turton has there found the anomia ephippium, an interesting addition to the British Testacea. At the remotest extremity of the wall alluded to is The Light-House, commenced in 1762 under con- siderable difficulties, from the depth of the water, the raging of the seas, and the power of the winds in * Fermi's Dublin, p. 34. 854 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. such an exposed situation. Those obstacles, however, were overcome by the skill of Mr. Smyth, the archi- tect, who collected vast rocks, and deposited them in a huge caissoon or chest, which was sunk to the bed of the sea, and afterwards guarded with a buttress of solid masonry, twenty-five feet broad at the base. On this the ingenious architect raised a beautiful circular structure, three stories high, surrounded by an octa- gonal lanthorn of eight windows. It is composed of white hewn granite, firmly cemented, gradually taper- ing to the summit, and each story strengthened with stone arch-work. A stone staircase, with an iron balustrade, winds round the building to the second story, where an iron gallery surrounds the whole. The lanthorn is supplied with large oil lamps, whose light is powerfully increased by reflecting lenses.* From this building a splendid panorama opens of the bay and all its shores, spangled with villas ; at the north, the bold promontory of Howth, with its fine colouring of rocks and heaths, and in the front the green and cultivated fields of Mr. Kildahl's seat in Sutton ; thence arching into the city, the Clontarf shore, backed by a fine, far extended country, swells into graceful eminences, varied with woods and man- sion-houses ; while on the south, a yet more numerous succession of villas and villages ascends the surround- ing hills, until all are alike lost in the distant blue terminator of the horizon. In this presence and survey of * Ferrar's Dublin, p. 35. DUBLIN BAY. 855 DUBLIN BAY, it cannot be forgotten, that it too claims some records as peculiar to itself. In 1171 the Danish governor of Dublin, who had been driven out by the English auxiliaries of Dermot Mac Murrough, return- ing, entered this haven, accompanied by three score of ships, well manned with his countrymen, for the purpose of retaking the city. " They were all," says Doctor Hanmer, " mighty men-of-war, and well appointed after the Danish manner, being harnessed with good brigandines, jacks, and shirts of mail, their shields, bucklers, and targets were round, and, as they seemed in arms, so were they no less in minds, iron-strong and mighty, they marched in battle array towards the east gate of the city." The expedition was, however, utterly unsuccessful. In 1327 King Edward the Third granted to James le Botiller the prisage of wines in this, as in the other great harbours of Ire- land.* In 1649 Cromwell, as before mentioned, arrived in a storm in this bay, where, subsequently, Henry Ireton arrived to take the command in this country. " On his arrival in the bay of Dublin, the men-of-war that accompanied him, and other ships in the har- bour, rung such a peal with their cannon, as if some great news had been coming. He and his company went up in boats to the Ringsend, where they went ashore, and were met by most of the officers, civil and military, about the town ; the end of his coming over was not at first discovered, and conjectured to be only to command in the army as major-general under Fleetwood." - ]" In 1726 this bay witnessed a very memorable scene of another character, when, on the return of Dean Swift to Ireland, he was received with all the honours which the Drapier's Letters had earned for him. As soon as it was known, that the ship in which he sailed was in the bay, several heads of the different corpora- tions and principal citizens of Dublin went out to meet him, in * Rot. in Cane. Hib. f Ludlow's Memoirs, p. 203. 856 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. wherries engaged for that purpose, and adorned with streamers and colours and emblematical devices. In the evening he was conducted into the city, where bells and bonfires manifested the universal gratitude of the people. The principal acts for improving, preserving, and otherwise regulating this harbour, are 26 Geo. III. c. 16 ; 32 Geo. III. c. 35 ; 43 Geo. III. c. cxxvii. local; 45 Geo. III. c. 113; 50 Geo. III. c. 72; 51 Geo. III. c. 66; 55 Geo. III. c. 191 ; 56 Geo. III. c. 62 ; 58 Geo. III. c. 61 ; 1 Geo. IV. cc. 26 & 69; 4 Geo. IV. c. 74 ; 6 Geo. IV. c. 100 ; and 3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 43. In spite, however, of all efforts to open this harbour, it continues to this day a for- lorn hope. u Many of the plans," says Wakefield, " adopted, have been formed on principles directly contrary to those pursued by nature, in depositing the sand brought up by the tide, and, therefore, the attempts founded on them have always miscarried. If any thing effectually can be done, it must be by assisting an agent too powerful to be controlled by the strength or ingenuity of man. As the water of the Liffey is now wasted by being mingled with the tide, or divided into small streams, which run into lesser channels and empty themselves into the bay, why not collect them together and shut up the water until the tide is down. Were the whole then let loose into its natural bed, its force would drive the sand before it, and form a free passage, which would enable ships and vessels to enter the harbour in safety."* * Wakefield's Ireland, vol. i. p. 627. IRISH TOW X. 857 Before closing this article it must not be omitted, that the herrings caught in this bay are highly es- teemed as more sweet and oily than those from Wales or Scotland. The botany of its whole shores, from Killiney to Malahide, will be found arranged in the Thirteenth Appendix to Whitelaw's and Walsh's History of the City of Dublin. Retracing the south wall and the village of Rings- end, the not less decayed hovels of IRISHTOWN succeed, in which is situated the chapelry, called St. Matthew's of Ringsend, as before alluded to, of which the king is patron. The old church is still in tolerable repair, but has no monuments of note ; the belfry tower is square and lofty. In the churchyard are tombs to the Vava- sour family, from 1762 ; the Foxes, of Tully, since I768; Mr. John Borrough, first minister of 4< this royal chapel," died 1/26 ; Sir James Foulis, of Col- linten, in North Britain, baronet, died 1821 ; the Rev. George Molden, died 1815 ; the Chapmans, from 1786; the Harts, from 1813; Rev. Robert Roe, died 1793; and here also rests Mr. John Mac- namara, formerly of Coolnehella, county Clare, and latterly of Sandy mount, he had been a celebrated collector of Irish manuscripts, which unfortunately were again dispersed on his decease in 1822. There are likewise in this village a very ancient Roman Catholic chapel, having a particularly fine 85- COUNTY OF DUBLIN". altar-piece ; a poor school, where about forty boys are educated ; aud an infant school for about twenty-five, supported by private contribution ; an alms-house, where four widows have lodging and fuel, with occa- sional distributions of tea, bread, aud some small sti- pends ; and a dispensary, established in 1832. On the sea-shore the botanist will find plantago mariiima, sea plantain. — On the low grounds, sper- gxda nodosa, knotted spurrey ; apium graveolens, wild celery, flowering in August : and in the adja- cent marshes, typha minor, dwarf-reed mace ; rot- hollia indurata, sea hard grass, &c. Passing from Irishtown, and leaving a n extensive distillery at right, the traveller enters the village of SANDYMOUNT, once considered an agreeable retreat for the citizens. Its best part forms the three sides of a large triangle, with a handsome plot of ornamental ground in the centre. The village hotel and the castle of Mr. Cor- bet occupy one of those sides, the latter having at rere very handsome gardens and pleasure grounds. At another side is a Dissenters' church, a short dis- tance from which is a nunnery of the Sisters of Cha- rity, with a female poor school attached. There is also a Roman Catholic chapel here, the Catholic union embracing with this place Irishtown and Donnybrook. In the village is a parochial school, erected in 1833; and another for girls, built and maintained by the Misses Hepenstal, with the additional aid of £100 MERRION". 859 from the Lord Lieutenant's fund. A savings' bank and a lending library have been also established here. In the ditches about this locality the botanist will find potamogeton pectinatum, fennel-leaved pond weed ; Zannichellia palustris, horned pond weed. — In the moist meadows, bromus arvensis, taper field brome grass ; trifolium fragiferum, strawberry tre- foil. — In the adjacent salt marshes, scirpus maritimus, salt marsh club-rush ; rotbollia incurvata, sea hard grass ; samoliis valeranda, water pimpernel ; wnanthe peucedanifolia, water drop-wort ; cares distans, loose sedge, flowering in June. — In the fields, trifolium scabrum, rough-rigid trefoil : and on the sandy beach, kali spinosum cochleatum, prickly glass-wort ; phle- um arenarium, sea cat's-tail grass ; air a cristata, crested hair grass ; triticum loliaceum, dwarf sea wheat grass ; chenopodium olidum, fetid goose-foot, flower- ing in August ; polygonum aviculare, knot-grass, flowering from May to September ; galiimi mollugo, great hedge bed-straw ; liyosyamus niger, common henbane; draba verna, common whitlow grass ; malva rotundifolia, dw ; arf mallow, flowering from June to September, &c. The coast hence southward is thickly sentineled with Martello towers ; the first important locality being MERRION, the ancient and long continued inheritance of the Fitz William family, but now the fee of the Corpora- 860 COUNT V OF DUBLIN". tion of Dublin. Here was a castle of the ancient proprietors, but no traces of it are now discernible. The old church presents some few but insignificant remains, in the middle of a grave-yard most scanda- lously open to every species of insult and desecration. In 1392, by writ reciting an ordinance of parliament, to pre- vent merchants from buying up for the foreign markets falcons, " austurcos vel trecellos," in Ireland, John Cruys of Merrion was appointed to inquire into any violation of the order.* This mem- ber of the Cruise family was then seised of the manors of Merrion, Thorncastle, Kilsallaghan, kc. ; very soon after which, the two former passed to the Fitz Williams. In 1420 the king granted to Hugh Burgh, Esq. the custody of the manor of Thorncastle and all its appurtenances in Merrion, Ballyboother, (Booterstown.) Donnybrook, and elsewhere, in the county of Dublin, as then lately held by James Fitz William, de- ceased. For a notice of Merrion in 1488, see the M General History of the County of Dublin." In 1565 Sir Henry Sydney, having landed as Lord Deputy at Dalkey, proceeded on the following morning to the house of Thomas Fitz William, of Merrion, whence he made his solemn entry into Dublin. A survey of 1654 states that Merrion had been the property of the Lord of Merrion, an Irish papist ; that on the premises were an old decayed castle and an extensive burrow; that said premises constituted a manor, with courts leet and baron ; and that the tithes belonged to the College of Dublin. In 1665 this was the seat of the Earl of Tyrconnel, who, in 1666, had a grant thereof, with the murroughs thereunto belong- ing, and Munedressan, part of the same, together with the mur- roughs adjoining next to Ringsend, 505a. statute measure. On his attainder it became part of the possessions of the Corporation of Dublin, under whom Lord Fitz William holds it by lease, sub- ject to the annual rent of £10. * Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. B00TER5T0WNT. 861 About Merrion grows euphorbia helioscopia, sun spurge. — In the hedges, prunus instititia, wild bul- lace tree, bearing a black globular fruit, with a fine blossom, sometimes of a waxy yellow. — In the church- yard, cynoglo&sum wdgare, hound's tongue abounds and, between this and the Black Rock, according to Dr. Threlkeld's Synopsis, a broad-leaved variety of the absinthium maritimum was found, which he says the country people in his time (1726) used to make into sheaves, and bring into Dublin, where it was used in making a species of ale, called purl. On the shore, in the same direction, Dr. Rutty says the polypus Aldrovandi, squid, has been often found, be- ing the well known fish that, when pursued, throw? out a liquor like ink, with which, having darkened the water, it escapes from its enemies. BOOTERSTOWX intervenes, a once fashionably frequented suburb. It has an excellent Roman Catholic church, of a rectan- gular form, erected in 1811, at the expense of the late Earl Fitz AVilliam ; and near it a poor school, where about 160 children receive education. In the avenue to the Black Rock is a neat Protestant church, for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners have granted £50 2s. Sd. The incumbent has also a glebe-house and glebe. The parish, as the rectory appertains to the corps of the archdeaconry of Dublin, ranks as a perpetual curacy, extending over 541a. 1r. 8p., and has com- 862 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. pounded for its tithes at £65 9s. 4|e/., having an ad- ditional endowment of £73 16s. IQcL from the Earl of Pembroke. Its population was in 1831 returned as 3549. The Roman Catholic union embraces with Booterstown the Black Rock, and a part of Taney. This locality, under the more vernacular title of Ballybotter, was the ancient inheritance of the Fitz William family ; for a no- tice of whose rights here in 1420, see at " Merrion;" and for other notices in 1488, see the " General History of the County of Dub- lin and in 1542 and 1610, see at "Dundrum." A survey of 1654 represents " Butterstown" as containing 240.\., of which 200 were arable, thirty-five pasture, and five mea- dow, the property of Sir William Reeves of Rathsallagh, an Eng- lish Protestant, by virtue of a mortgage from the Lord Oi Merrion ; that there was on the grounds a castle in repair; that the premises were a manor, with courts leet and baron ; and that the tithes belonged to Christ Church. For a notice in 1666, see at " Kil- ternan." In 1697 the Rev. Patrick Gilmore was parish priest of Boot- erstown and Stillorgan. In 1824 the church was erected here, on a piece of ground given by the !ate Earl of Pembroke in the Cross Avenue ; the Board of First Fruits gave £2700 for this object. Within the edifice are monuments commemorative of James Digges Latouche and Richard Verschoyle, Esqrs. On the shore of Dublin bay, between this and the Black Rock, a mass of compact limestone is visible within a few fathoms of the granite, but in the inter- val the rock is concealed. Immediately before ap- proaching the latter locality, at left, overhanging the railroad that keeps the sea side from Merrion to Kingstown, is Fort Lysle, so called, as having been formerly the seat of Lord Lysle ; while at right is Frescati, once the favourite residence of Lord Edward Fitz Gerald. BLACK ROCK. 863 THE BLACK ROCK, one of the most ruinous suburbs of the metropolis, is a collection of deserted lodging-houses and bathing villas. It has a neat Methodist chapel or church without a grave-yard, and a small Roman Catholic chapel adjoining a nunnery of the order of St. Clare. There is, likewise, a free-school here for boys, sup- ported by sermons and subscriptions, at which about 100 pupils attend, and one for about sixty girls, for the support of which the National Board gives £12 annually. In Carysfort Avenue is an episcopal chapel, endowed with £1000 by the late Lord Powerscourt. The principal proprietors of the fee here are the Misses Byrne, seldom residing in this country, the Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Major Edgeworth. A stone cross on the ascent of the town, marks the boundary of the city liberties and jurisdiction in this direction. About " sixty years since,' 3 an annual melon feast used to be celebrated at Conway's tavern in the Black Rock, which afforded great gratification to the genteeler class of citizens, but the gaiety and respectability of the village have passed away, and the autumnal tinge on its deserted gardens and shrubbe- ries, is in melancholy but correct keeping with its fallen fortunes. Leaving the town, Maretimo appears at left, one of the country seats of Lord Clone urry, adjoining to which is the residence of the Rev. Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart., beyond it is Neptune, the former retreat of Lord Clonmel, now a boarding-house. Passing a 864 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. terrace, that rejoices in the salubrious denomination of Montpelier, a modern church, striking in its dis- tant aspect, but faulty in its details, announces MONKSTOWN ; a locality, not perhaps in itself either town or village, but surrounded by elegant villas, noble demesnes, and tasteful bathing lodges, and withal on the threshold of Kingstown. It has a school, reported in 1834 as attended by 205 pupils, and supported by an allow- ance of £12 from the National Board, and £S from the Roman Catholic clergyman. Near the church is another school attended by about ninety children of both sexes, and maintained by private contributions. Monkstown has also an hospital and dispensary, esta- blished in 1834. The former contains four wards, with eight beds in each. Within the new church, the interior of which presents a grotesque, heavy, and miscellaneous aspect, are mural monuments of white marble to Joseph Atkinson of Milfield in this county, who died in 1818; William Digges La Touche, who died in 1803; Alexander Crookshank, died in 1813; General James Stewart, 1798; Benjamin Domville, D. D., 1774 ; Sir John Lees, baronet, 1811 ; John Armit of Newtown Park, 1835 ; and Mr. Browne of Glene- garry, who died in 1813. At some distance from this, on the road to the castle, is the old churchyard of Carrickbrennan, an extensive cemetery, having mural monuments to Mrs. MONKSTOWN. 865 Jones of Upper Sackville-street, who died in 1826 ; Mrs. Day in 1823 ; Beresford Burston in 1805 ; Charles Doyne, late of Brazen Xose College, Oxford, and to Christopher Myers, who died in 1789 ; while through the grave-vard are other tombs commemora- tive of the Rev. Audley Charles Ryder, who died in 1815; Alexander Crookshank, 1813; Mr. AVilliani Adam, a native of Paisley, 1816; Major Jones, of the 10th Regiment of Hussars, who died in 1835 ; James Sweetman, 1803; Mr. Taylor, formerly of the Secre- tary's Office in the Castle, 1826 ; Mr. Byrne of Eustace-street, 1827; the Hon. Hervey de Mont- morency, 1834; Major Charles Cormoran, who pe- rished in the Rochdale off this coast in 1807; the Rev. George Robinson, who died in 1 800 ; Mrs. Dance, 1814; Richard Edgeworth of Pallismore in the county of Longford, 1818; Thomas Shea, 1736; the Byrnes of Dunleary from 1789; Henry Gonne Molony, 1S21 ; the "Williams' family from 1787; Simpsons of College-green from 1806; -Miss Massey, who died in 1790; Mr. Morgan O Dwyer, 1819 5 Colonel Vincent, 1834 ; Peter Comyn of Roches- town, 1 799 ; Erancis Barry of Tinegeeragh in the county of Cork, who died in 1770 ; Theresa Lade- veze, 178 7 5 &e., while near the entrance is a large mound thrown over, and a stone commemorative of, the unfortunate officers and soldiers of the 97th Regi- ment, who perished in the aforesaid Rochdale trans- sport-ship in 1807- The only remains of the old church are embodied in a large vaulted charnel- house. 3 K B66 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Standing amidst this close assemblage of tombs, and reflecting on the varied scenes of life in which those, who lay beneath them, had once sustained their characters, it were difficult not to sympathize with those fine feelings, which Addison expresses as his on a similar occasion : — u When I look upon the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me ; when I read the epitaphs of the beautiful, every in- ordinate desire goes out ; when I meet with the grief of parents upon a tombstone, my heart melts with compassion ; when I see the tombs of the parents themselves, I consider the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow ; when I see kings lying by those who deposed them, when I con- sider rival wits placed side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests and dis- putes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions, factions, and debates of mankind ; when I read the several dates of the tombs, of some that died vesterdaw and some six hundred vears ago, I consider that great dav, when we shall all of us be contemporaneous, and make our appearance together.*' Beyond this cemetery is a ruinous looking structure, enclosed in a park, vindicating the site and title of the ancient castle. Monkstown gives its name to the surrounding parish, which ranks as a curacy, united with those of Kill, Dalkey, Killiney, Bullock, and Carrickbrennan, the patronage being in the Dean of Christ Church, in whom all the rectories are impropriate. The glebe-house is in Kill, as also part of the glebe, the MONKS TOWN". 807 remainder being in Dalkey. Monkstown alone ex- tends over 2051a. 2r. 1p., and has compounded for its tithes at £204 8*. lid. The parliamentary re- turn of 1824 classes it as partly in the barony of Rathdown, and partly in one of those detached por- tions of Uppercross before alluded to. That of 1821 states its population as 4812, increased in the census of 1831 to 9814; each census, however, it is to be remarked, including Black Rock and Kingstown. In 1834 the estimate was yet further enlarged to 14,138, of whom 10,741 were classed as Roman Catholics. The principal proprietors of the fee are Lords Long- ford and De Vesci. The Roman Catholic union of Monkstown comprises part of Monkstown, (a portion being in the union of Kilgobbin,) Kill of the Grange, Dalkey, Killiney, Tullagh, Rathmichael, and Old Connaught. In 1174 King Henry the Second, by charter, confirmed to the Abbey of the Blessed Virgin all their lands in Carrickbrennan, (the more ancient name of this locality.) Carrickvecon, 6cc, with all their appurtenances, and all shipwrecks that might happen on their lands, together with soc and sac, tol and them, infangenthef and outfangenthef, and all liberties and free customs. This charter is dated at Feckenham, and the grant was confirmed by Pope Clement the Third in 1189. In 1363 the abbot of said house sued William and Walter Walfre, for wasting and destroying the lands of Monkstown (which had been demised to them), to the great loss and injury of the said abbot and his house.* In 1415 the king committed to John Coryngham, clerk, the custody of the manor of Carrickbrennan, to hold during pleasure. j possibly during a vacancy of the abbacy of the aforesaid religious house, as, in the following year, the abbot of that establishment * King's MSS. t Rot. Pat. in Cane. Hib. 3 K 2 868 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. wn> recognised in the rightful possession thereof. For a notice of C arriekbrennan in 1488, see the " General History of the Countv of Dublin." Inquisitions, taken at the time of the dissolution, find the abbot of the house of the Blessed Virgin, seised of the manor of Carrickbrennan alias Monkstown, six messuages, a castle. '2'2'2\. of arable, 100a. of pasture, 5 a. of meadow, and a water-mill here; also of a capital messuage, surrounded with stone walls, and three towers, three cottages, an orchard aud close containing 5a. of pas- ture, 160a. of arable, 16a. of pasture, 2a. of meadow, and 1a. of bog in the Grange of Carrickbrennan ; also of a castle, two mes- suages, eight cottages, 80a. of arable, '2a. of meadow, and 30a. of pasture and bog in Newtown, all in the county of Dublin. In 1546 John Travers. in consideration of his services, had a grant of j [inter alia) 207a.. with the Grange in Carrickbrennan, otherwise Monkstown, three turrets, all the orchards and enclo- sures with 131a. in said Monkstown, 101a. in Newtown, ice, the estate of the late monastery of the Blessed Virgin ; 60a. of pas- ture arid bog in Cornell's Court, the estate of the late abbey of Lismullen, ice* which possessions afterwards passed to the family of Cheevers. The tithes of grain of Monkstown, together with the Grange, became subsequently vested in Viscount Baltinglas, on whose attainder they were forfeited to the crown, and by Queen Elizabeth demised to James Barnewall of Bremore. In 1565 Sir Henry Sidney, having landed as viceroy, passed the night after his debarkation in the castle of Monkstown. The regal visitation of 1615 states the rectory as impropriate, that there was no curate, and that the profits were therefore sequestered. In 1638 the castle, before alluded to, was built here by the family of Archdeacon, the ruins of which yet remain. In 1640 Henry Cheevers died seised of the manor, Sec. of Monkstown and Newtown, one mansion-house, one castle, twenty messuages, one water-mill, and 200a. of land ; Cornell's Court, one castle, four messuages, and 60a. ; and also of the tithes of Monks- town and Newtown, which he held of the crown in capite by knights' service. * Rot. Pat in Cane. Hib. MONKSTOWN. 869 A survey taken in 1654 states the townland of Monksto^n a? containing 434a., fourteen being meadow, 300 arable, and 120 pasture, that Walter Cheevers, Irish papist, had been the pro- prietor, and stood indicted for adhering to the rebels in 1641, that there was an old castle on the premises, newly repaired by General Ludlow, also a mill in use, a small creek for a haven, a parish church in repair, and a small shrubby wood with a few ash trees, that the premises constituted a manor, with courts leet and baron, and that the tithes belonged to the proprietor. The whole parish is. in said survey, stated to comprise only 777a. Monkstown was about this period the country-seat of General Edmund Ludlow, and thither Colonel Henry Cromwell, imme- diately after his landing, repaired, until conducted in state into Dublin bv General Fleetwood and several officers. i; There, on a subsequent occasion," writes Ludlow, « after a short collation, walking in the garden, I acquainted him with the grounds of my dissatisfaction with the present state of affairs in England, which I assured him was in no sort personal, but would be the same were my own father alive, and in the place of his. He told me that his father looked upon me to be dissatisfied, upon a distinct account from most men in the three nations, and thereupon affirmed that he knew it to be his resolution to carry himself with all tenderness towards me. I told him that I ought to have so much charity for his father to believe, that he apprehended his late undertaking to have been absolutely necessary, being well assured that he was not so weak a man to decline his former station, wherein his power was so great and his wealth as much as any rational man could wish, to procure himself nothing but envy and trouble. I supposed he would have agreed with me in those sentiments, but he, in- stead of that, acknowledged the ambition of his father in those words : ' You that are here may think he had power, but they made a very kickshaw of him at London.'* I replied, that if it were so. they did ill. for he had deserved much from them : then I proceeded to acquaint him with mv resolution not to act in mv civil employment, and my expectation not to be permitted to con- tinue in my military command, to which he answered, that he was confident I should receive no interruption therein. I told him I could not foresee what his father would do, but iuelined to think ^7" COUNTY OF DUBLIN. that no other man in his case would permit it. To this I added, that the reason of my drawing a sword in this war. was to remove those obstructions that the civil magistrate met with in the dis- charge of his duty, which being now accomplished, I could not but think that all things ought for the future to run in their proper and genuine channel, for, as the extraordinary remedy is not to be used, till the ordinary fail to work its proper effect, so ought it to be continued no longer than the necessity of using it sub- sists, whereas this, that they called a government, had no other means to preserve itself but such as were violent, which, not being natural, could not be lasting. ; Would you, then,' said he, 4 have the sword laid down, I cannot but think you believe it to be as much your interest to have it kept up as any man's.' I confessed I had been of that opinion, whilst I was persuaded there was a necessity of it, which seeming to me to be now over, I ac- counted it to be much more my interest to see it well laid down, there being a vast difference between using the sword to restore the people to their rights and privileges, and the keeping it up for the robbing and despoiling them of the same ; but, company coming in, we could not be permitted to continue our discourse."* Several other incidents occurred here connected with the go- vernment of Ireland during the Commonwealth. In 1667 Walter Cheevers passed patent for the manor-house and lands of Monkstown, alias Carrickbrennan, 632a. plantation measure ; Newtown of the Strand 207a. like measure, kc. In 1673 the corn tithe of Monkstown and the Grange of the same (Kill), were granted to the Archbishop of Dublin and his successors, in trust for the incumbent, at an annual rent of £2 8^. For a notice in 1697, see at Bullock." In 1769 the Rev. Thomas Robinson was presented to the living of Monkstown, and in 1780 its present ecclesiastical union was established by act of Council. The bustle of a favoured seaport and a fashion- able suburb, hurries the traveller into a locality once known by the vernacular appellation of Dunleary, * Ludlow's Memoirs, p. 187. KINGSTOWN'. -71 but which, consecrated as it has been by the depar- ture thence of the only English monarch, that ever visited Ireland with professions of peace and concilia- tion, has been deservedly and preeminently entitled KINGSTOWN, a town beautifully situated over the sea, but greatly destitute of that beauty which arises from order and regularity. The houses, indeed, generally speaking, appear to have been hastily and promiscuously thrown together without any such consideration. Some ter- races and rows, however, must be excepted from this censure ; amongst which, Gresham Terrace, with the Royal Hotel, a spacious, elegant, and well-conducted establishment, is particularly striking, having in front a fine plot of ornamented ground, denominated Vic- toria-square, at the request of her present Majesty, with a terrace- walk overlooking the busied sea, the granite- works and tank, the harbour and pier, while in the distance, the Hill of Howth is finely displayed, with the Bailly light-house shining on its extreme promontory. Near this is Haddington Terrace, with its bower-windows and tasteful Elizabethean architec- ture. Beyond it a handsome Protestant church, called the Mariners' Church, has been very recently erected, close to which is the Bethel, a Methodist meeting- house, built in 1836, while in another part of the town is a Scots' church, constructed in 1828. There is a national school in the town for boys, reported in 1834 as having 152 scholars, and to which 872 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the Board allows £20 per annum, while the Sisters of Mercy, who have a convent here, maintain under their superintendance a female free-school, attended by upwards of 200 girls. There is, also, near Gresham Terrace, a line, commodious Roman Catholic chapel, the ceiling and altar-screen of which are particularly w ell executed. The Roman Catholic union takes the name of this place, and embraces with it the parishes of Cabinteely and Crinken. A locality, so approxi- mated to the sea, so accessible by raihvay communis cation, of such pure air, dry soil, bold scenery, and marine enjoyments, has been, it may w ell be supposed, crowded in every corner with villas and boarding- houses, bathing-lodges and cottages. The harbour is a truly magnificent station, con- structed of granite, brought by railways from the ad- jacent quarries of Dalkey. The first stone was laid in 1817 by Lord Whitworth, then viceroy. It con- sists of a pier extending 2800 feet into the sea, and comprises four parts : the first running directly from the shore to the distance of 1500 feet, with a north- east bearing ; the next making a slight return in a northward line of 500 feet ; the third continuing north-west, 500 feet ; and the last 300 feet, west. Towards the construction of this great work, Parlia- ment advanced £505,000, to be repaid by certain duties levyable off the vessels coming into it. The area enclosed for this harbour covers 251a ; its situ- ation is about half a mile eastward of the old pier of Dunlcary, and immediately to the west of a rocky tract called the " Codling Rocks," while all to the KINGSTOWN. 873 • westward of itself is a fine sandy bottom. Close to the pier-head there is twenty-four feet depth of water at the lowest springs, while at two hours' flood there is water sufficient to float a seventy-four. Towards the shore the depth gradually lessens to fifteen or sixteen feet. A scries of acts, 53 Geo. III. c. 191; 56 Geo. III. c. 62 ; 1 Geo. IV. c. 26; and 1 Geo. IV. c. 69, have been passed for its regulation and super- intendance, as further amended by the 6 Will. IV. c. 117, while, under the authority of a local statute (1 & 2 Will. IV. c. lxix.), a splendid railway has been driven, principally through the sea, connecting the head of the western pier of this harbour with the city of Dublin, and which the company has been by the 3 & 1 Will. IV. c. xxvii. (Loc. and Pers.) empowered to extend, but commerce does not frequent it. In 1672 the Earl of Essex landed at Dnnleary as viceroy of Ireland, as did the Earl of Northington in 1783. In 1807 the Rochdale packet was wrecked off this coast, when 380 persons perished. In 1821 King George the Fourth, after his memorable visit to Ireland, debarked hence from a spot, since reverentially preserved from vulgar contact by a small obelisk, with a suitable inscription, and surmounted by a crown. At the close of the year 1834. the railway from the metropolis to this place, five and a half miles in length, was opened to the public, and the number of passengers has been since calculated at an average as 4000 daily. It issues from the city a little to the north of Merrion-square, and is carried over several streets and across the dock of the Grand Canal, by handsome and substantial arches of granite. At Merrion it enters the sea, passing through it on an elevated embankment to the Black Hock, thence it has been worked through extensive excavations, intersecting the de- mesnes of Lord Cloncurrv and Sir Haicourt Lees, passes under a -74 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tunnel of about seventy feet in length, and extends along the sea- shore to the Martello tower at Seapoint, whence continuing at the foot of the Monkstown high ground and Salt-hill, it arrives at the harbour of this place. Locomotive engines of the most improved construction, having three classes of carriages attached, are con- stantly running on the road, carrying on an average about 4000 passengers daily. By a recent act, 4 k 5 Will. IV. c. xc. (Loc. and Pers.) re- citing that this town had greatly increased of late years, and was still rapidly advancing in size and population, and that the paving and lighting tax (9 Geo. IV. c. 82.) had been brought into effect there, but that its provisions were ineffectual for several objects necessary for the regulation and improvement of the place, the operation of said last-mentioned act was repealed as to this place, and new and suitable provisions were made for its regulation, its boundaries being at the same time expressly defined. This thriving locality is now partly the fee of Lord Longford, and partly of Lord de Vesci. The waters here afford the aurata Sahiani, sea bream and sea tench ; while, in reference to its an- cient ornithology, Doctor Rutty states that the anser bassanus, soland goose, frequented this shore in his day, of which species, he adds, " the inhabitants of St. Kilda consume 22,600 young birds, besides the amazing quantity of their eggs, which are their prin- cipal support throughout the year." In reference to its geology, « the country around this and Dalkey," as Professor Scouler remarks, u consists entirely of granite. Almost every block is traversed by concretionary veins of the same sub- stance, differing from the general mass in the texture, colour, and relative proportions of the usual ingredients. The following minerals have been found in the gra- nite : spodumene, killinite, beryl, fluor, copper pyrites, KINGSTOWN. 875 iron pyrites, galena, garnet, tourmaline, and more rarely, apatite, rutile, spene, and orthite." Xor must the pursuits of the botanist be forgot- ten. In the fields beyond Kingstown he will find, erythrcea centaurium, common centaury ; pepluspor- tula, water purslane ; rumex pulcher, fiddle dock; chlora perfoliate, perfoliate yellow wort ; festuca bro- moides, barren fescue grass, early springing, and early fading ; avena pubescens, downy oat grass ; trifolium procumbens, hop trefoil, flowering in June and July ; ophrys apifera, bee ophrys, flowering in July, the only species of the genus observable in Ireland. On the beach and rocks thence to Kil- liney, brassica marina, sea colewort ; juncus mari- timus, lesser sea rush ; orobanche major, greater broom rape, &c. Some visitor of Kingstown, happily regardless of the pleasures of sensation, may throw himself upon one of those rocks, that give business to the eye of the geo- logist and the botanist, and even more phijosophically engaged, may indulge in all the reflections that must crowd upon him, as rising from the waters beneath him, and the vehicles of literary communication that float upon them, the winged links of knowledge and affection which connect this " ultima Thule" with the remotest regions of the earth. A shadow may pass over his heart, when he sees the black hulk of the compulsory exiles, lying as dead and as solitary and unmanned as if it were the lazaretto of an in- fected crew ; but there is a deeper sympathy fre- quently to be imparted here. Too often exiles of 870 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. another order, yet, scarcely less constrained, may be seen gathering to the shore ; daunted by the immoral inquisition of moonlight legislators, they abandon the green hills of their childhood, where thev can no longer live innocent, industrious, and happy. The repository of evils and calamities seems to have left them at the bottom, only the hope of a better fortune in a foreign land, but their hearts are in the homes of their aged parents. The signal bell of the breaker of the waves shoots like a pang upon their memories ; — their sighs are responded to by the wild voci- ferations of their deserted relatives, — the double track of their steamy impulse mingles into one foamy, waving, doubtful line. — Evening succeeds, and the vessel and its crew are lost to the wild gazes of the by-standers. — A world of waters is between them. — It is sad to think, how many of these fugitives might by better treatment, and more self-command, have become cultivators and capitalists in their own country, a genuine and estimable yeomanry. If they had the fortitude to forsake here the vices, which must equally retard their welfare elsewhere, if they had changed their habits to honesty, industry, temperance, and obedience to the laws, if they had put on the new man amidst their former evil associates, if the pro- prietors of the soil encouraged them by their pre- sence, their sympathies, and their services, relieved them from the interposition of oppressive agents, and the exaction of excessive rents, and encouraged them by beneficial tenures, and adequate wages ; if all and each would co-operate in measures of universal BULLOCK. ^77 benevolence and improvement, abjure the excite- ment of party politics, and those successive triumphs of faction, that are alike destructive to the liberty of a people, and the happiness of a nation ; how dif- ferent would be the fortunes of those emigrants and their country ! Proceeding from Kingstown, through avenues flanked with piles of hewn granite, a little haven is seen at left, giving the name of Sandy-cove to a small collection of buildings, amongst which ii a water-guard station, and near it commodious hot and cold water baths. BULLOCK, succeeds, a village of fishermen, with a small new harbour, extending sixty-nine yards from east to west, and ninety-three from north to south, and having a quay on the west side. At high water the depth is nine feet. The entrance is bad, and off the east point is a rock which can be seen at low water spring tides, called Old Bullock. Opposite the quay are the remains of a wall or pier sixty-six yards long, which gave shelter to the vessels from northerlv winds, but is now of little avail. It is high water here later than at Dalkey or Kingstown, in conse- quence of the ebbing tide running into this place, where it is confined until the outer water is below the level. In the village are the fine remains of a castle, which formerly defended the harbour, and in whose 878 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. shadow the present pier has been constructed. It is an oblong building, with two flanking square towers, the harshness of its outlines being relieved by the ornamental character of the parapet, which ascends pyramidally at several centres and angles, and was designed chiefly for the purpose of embellishment. At the distance of some perches from the castle is a small square watch tower, evincing that the extent of the ancient works must have been much greater than the present remains. A great portion of the wall, that connected this barbican with the castle, is per- fect. On the opposite side of the road is a gro- tesque edifice of Alderman Perrin, presenting a slated cottage in front, and a dwarf embattled for- tress at the rere. Bullock is the fee of Lord Carvs- fort, and gives its name to the parish, which ranks as a curacy in the union of Monkstown, having a popu- lation reported as 1386 persons, of whom 1156 were stated to be Roman Catholics. This whole district is an inexhaustible bed of granite, remarkable for the quantity of mica it con- tains, sometimes found in flakes as large as a six- pence. The stone has a soft and crumbly appearance, and is so when first cut from the quarry, conse- quently, it is very malleable, but hardens exceedingly on exposure to the air, till it becomes an extremely solid and durable material for building, while the great quantity of mica gives it a very brilliant ap- pearance. The heights to the south, extending through a considerable tract, are all of this granite. BULLOCK. 879 Chiastolithe, of a greenish and yellowish white colour, is found near this, in loose boulders of clay slate. There was formerly here one of those Rocking Stones, which are asserted to have been used for divi- nation by the pagan priesthood of Ireland ; and are an additional evidence of the Eastern colonization of this country, being identically the same as the Bcety- lia, the animated stones, " AiOov? efiyfrvxov?" of tne Phoenicians, mentioned by Sanchoniathon, and de- scribed by Damascius as moving, or rocking in the air. The learned Bochart derives the Boetylia from the stone which Jacob set up as a pillar, and called Bethel ; and Maurice, in his Indian Antiquities, is of the same opinion. Very few of these remains can now be found on their poise. The author of this work has, however, seen one which still, in its unfre- quented solitude, justifies its common appellation of u the shaking rock." It is so curiously balanced, that a child can shake it ; and, from the powerful pressure of its own weight, a hundred persons could possibly effect no more. An attempt w r as made, by a large body of men with crows and other instruments, to dis- lodge this from its position, and hurl it into the wild valley over which it hangs. The experiment has broken off a great splinter of this huge memorial, but the remaining mass still retains the poise. It stands about three miles off the road from Bannada to Ballina, in the county Mayo, on the edge of that group of eminences known by the name of Mass Hill, from having been the resort of the Roman Catholic clergy for the celebration of their sacrifice, in the 880 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. times of a cruel and miscalculating persecution. There are no signs of art very discoverable in its neigh- bourhood — no circle of stones immediately surround- ing it ; but, while the vast rock itself evidently plays upon another, now much sunken, the deep valley be- low exhibits numerous lumps and broken fragments of stone, that seem to have been hurled down from the summit for the same gratification, which would fain have precipitated the whole memorial of antiquity. If even this should fail to satisfy the antiquary, there is much in the novelty and extent of the prospect to reward his visit. A wild assemblage of mountains and lakes, the singular hill called Scriebh-na-mucka, with the two deep ravines that, as it were, engird it, the dark expanse of Lough Eask, and far in the dis- tance the silvery edges of the Atlantic, the flitting clouds and vapours, that eternally shift the landscape and vary its complexion, the rocks crowned with mountain thyme and saxifrage and the loveliest varie- ties of heath, the precipices occasionally animated with badgers, foxes, or wild cats, all present a scene of natural grandeur exceedingly interesting. In 1307 Sir John Asyk, knight, then Lord of " Boulek," granted to the prior of the monastery of St. John the Baptist, Dublin, the advowson both of the rectory and vicarage thereof, with 15a. of land in his lordship ; and in 1346 the religious house of the Blessed Virgin was found entitled to receive, from every fishing boat entering this harbour, one of their best fish, herrings excepted ; and from every herring boat a meise annually. In 1402 Thomas of Lancaster, the king's son, landed at Bul- lock as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. For a notice in 1488 see the " General History of the County of Dublin." BULLOCK. 881 An inquisition, taken on the dissolution, finds the abbot of the Blessed Virgin seised of a castle, two messuages, six cottages, seventy acres of arable land, eight of meadow, forty of pasture, eight of underwood, and a sea-creek here. In 1559 the Earl of Sussex landed here to assume the com- mand of the Irish government. In 1611 John Fagan passed patent for the town and lands of Bullock, comprising, one castle, one ruinous tower, thirty mes- suages, 10a. of meadow, 200a. of pasture and furze, with the fishing and haven to the main sea. The premises, as stated in an inquisition of the same period, had descended to him according to the course of the common law, and were not holden by the Irish custom oftanistry. Accordingly, a survey of 1654 states Bullock as in the parish of Monkstown, containing 90a., of which sixty were arable, twenty-three rocky pasture, and seven meadow ; that it was the property of Christopher Fagan, of Feltrim ; that there were on the premises a castle slated, a good haven and a bawn ; and that the chief fish, tithe fish, custom fish, and corn tithes be- longed to the proprietor. Christopher continued so possessed until 1682, when he died seised thereof in tail male.* In 1697 the Reverend Henry Talbot was Parish Priest of Bullock, Dalkey, Monkstown, and Cabinteely. In 1703 John Allen obtained a grant of the town and lands of Bullock, 209a., with all fishings, &c, thereunto belonging, lately the estate of Richard Fagan attainted, while the impro- priate rectory and tithes, forfeited by the same proprietor, were, in pursuance of the act 11 Will. III. conveyed to trustees for the purpose of augmenting small vicarages, &c. And in 1780 the curacy was incorporated in the union of Monkstown, by act of council. About Bullock the botanist will find, pedicidaris palustris, tall red rattle. — On the sea shore, plantago maritima, sea plantain ; silene maritima, sea catch- fly ; juncus maritimits, lesser sharp sea rush. On * Inquis. in Cane. Hib. 3l COUNTY OF DUBLIN. the rocks, cotyledon umbilicus* navel wort : liche?i cali- caris. channeled lichen, reputed excellent in dying red : lichen saxatilis, used by finches and other small birds in constructing the outside of their curiously formed nests. — On the old walls asplenium ceterach, common spleenwort. — And on the commons, neottia spiralis, sweet lady's traces. The progress is imperceptible from the last lo- cality to dalkey ; it seems indeed as if the citv itself were running into this little village, that a few years since presented but the humble hovels of fishermen and stone-cutters? who, however, like the squatters of Ballymore-Eus- tace, have acquired such a title to the commons by inclosure and adverse possession, as more enterprising persons are willing to purchase and improve upon. Accordingly, the inmost recesses of Dalkey have been opened for granite, the sequestered unbroken furzy face of the crags is gone, and terraces and villas of rural beauty are " moored in the rifted rock," mingled with cottages to suit the humbler wishes or circumstances of the tradesmen or shop-keepers of the city. Of those structures, Sorrento, the seat of the Rev. R. Mac Donnell, immediately overhanging the bay at the Killiney side and commanding an en- chanting prospect, and Mr. Burke's grotesque cas- tellated rock house are peculiarly worthy of notice. On the common are the government quarries, while in the town are the not uninteresting remains of DAL KEY. an ancient church, picturesquely situated at the foot of the Rochestown Hills, and presenting a nave fourteen yards long by five wide, and a choir eight by five, divided by a well executed arch ; the belfry has a double aperture, the east window wears a very an- tique appearance, and all the windows and doors are round-arched. There are no tombs worthy of no- tice within it or the cemetery, but the obvious re- flection of the many, who in this once important town have within these walls offered homage to their maker, deepens the veneration with which they must be contemplated. Here are national poor schools, reported in 1>34 as having 307 children on the roll, boys and girls, to the support of which the board allows £1S per annum ; and, on the ascent of the hill above Doctor Mac Donneli's cottage, is another charity school main- tained by contributions of the gentry, and attended by about ninety children of both sexes. Near the latter seminarv is a large cromlech of granite, un- hewn but rudely grooved and propped to the usual inclination. It is said to have been formerly sur- rounded by a wall of large stones, that have since been incorporated in modern structures, but even in its loneliness, this stubborn witness of antiquity can- not fail to allure the contemplative visitor back to these times, when it was surrounded, amidst all the homage of pagan worship, by the mariners of those seas, those implicit votaries, who, according to Strabo. offered up their prayers and vows in this Samothrace of the west, to the deities that presided over naviga- 3 l 2 884 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. tion. In this line arc also traced remains of an ancient causeway, evidently intended for facilitating the communication between the coast and the town. Three stunted square castles, dismantled of their outworks, give little idea of the former importance of this locality, once the principal emporium for the commerce of Ireland, and as such defended, from the freebooters of the mountains and the pirates of the sea, by seven strongly fortified and well manned castles. The entrance to the west was through a gateway secured by two of those structures, while it would appear, that the east end was guarded by high walls, the south by a moat or ditch, and the north by the sound, which is formed by islands, connected by a reef on the east and the Dalkey shore on the west. The larger of these islands is called Dalkev Island, as hereafter mentioned, the next, a very small one partially covered with grass, is denominated Lamb Island, the third Clare Rock, and the fourth the Maiden Rock ; the two latter are composed of bare granite, or partially covered with sea-wrack, while the Maiden Rock, it may be observed, derives its appellation from the tradition, that some young girls of the mainland, seeking u dilisk" in its fissures, were surrounded by the tide, and perished in the view of their parents. North of those are the Mug- lin Rocks, 132 yards long by 71 wide, on which in 1765 the noted pirates, Mac Kinley and Gidley, were hanged in chains for the murder of Captain Glass. The intervening sound extends from the west DALKEY. 885 end of Dalkey Island, to the north end of the Maiden Rock, 880 yards, or four cables and a half long, the breadth at the south end being 30S yards, narrowing, to the north entrance formed by Maiden Rock, to 209 yards. Its direction is north and south by compass, with soundings not less in the shallowest part mid- channel than five fathoms, but the bottom is made up of rocks or stones, gravel, star-fish, sea eggs, sand, oysters and other shells, except in a small hole op- posite to the ruins of an old building on the north part of Dalkey Island, where the bottom is muddy. There is a sunken rock, which has five feet water on it at low water, lying eighty yards north-west of the west part of Lamb Island. The tide of flood runs across the south entrance as well as into it, and through the Muglin sound, and causes a great sea. This therefore is to be attended to in taking the sound. The Muglin sound is 495 yards broad; it has a sunken rock a small distance north-west of the Muglin Island, and another south-east of Clare-rock. In the surrounding cavities immense quantities of fish are taken. On the shore, in a little rocky cove, the tourist will find a ready boat to facilitate his pilgrimage to the island, where, surrounded by cliffs and a fre- quently tempestuous sea, an ancient mariners' chapel was erected, and dedicated to St. Begnet or Bene- dict. This island is 528 yards long from north to south, and 308 from east to west, its form being nearly oval, comprising about 29a. of tolerably fer- tile salt marsh, constantly grazed upon by cows and B86 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. sheep. On it is a doubtful remain, said to be the patron's church, but certainly having nothing of the ecclesiastical aspect, unless, perhaps, a plain gable belfry, and wholly disconsecrated, even in the tra- dition of the people, by its present uses. This island being in the immediate possession of government, a battery has been erected at the sea-ward side, and behind it, in more modern times, a Martello tower, differing perhaps from all others, in having its en- trance from the top, while the doors of others, like those of their elder brethren, the legitimate round towers, stand no more than twelve or fourteen feet from the ground. The view from its summit, of the whole bay, and all the villages, hills, and shores, that environ it, the Light-house and Kingstown pier encroaching on the sovereignty of the sea, and that sea animated with vessels, is one of exceeding in- terest. There are three or four spring wells upon the island, one especially under a rock on the south- west part, which was deemed of sanative virtue for some complaints. The rocks about it abound with crabs and lobsters, while in the sound, according to Dr. Rutty, a species of the whiting, called the pout, is taken during the summer, and in the winter the island is frequented by ducks, teals, widgeons, and other fowls. The parish of Dalkey, including the island, con- tains 467a. Or. 10p., and a population returned in 1831 as 140*2 persons, of whom 1290 were classed as Roman Catholics. It ranks as a curacy, and is, in both the Catholic and Protestant arrangements in- DALKEY. eluded in the union of Monkstown. It has 12a. of glebe, and has compounded for its annual tithes at £7 3s. 2d. to the incumbent, and double that amount to the impropriator. The principal proprie- tors are the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church, Lord Carysfort, and the commoners and their as- signees to the extent of about 123a. On the church property here, some veins of lead ore were discovered, and assays made towards working the mine, but without success. In the vicinity of the town are two fine wells, respectively dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and to St. Begnet. In 1171 Murtough, petty prince of Hy Kinselagh, when con- federating with Roderic O'Connor to besiege Dublin, encamped with his forces at Dalkey. In five years afterwards, Hugh de Lacy granted this place, with the island, to the See of Dublin, a gift which was confirmed by Prince John and subsequently by Pope Clement the Third. In 1178 Archbishop O'Toole assigned to Christ Church (amongst several) the church of St. Begnet of Dalkey with all its tithes, and his grant was further assured by letters patent from Prince John. The manorial rights and royalties remained, however, annexed to the see. In 1200 the archbishop had a grant of a Wednesday market here, and an annual fair to be held on St. Begnet's day, with such tolls and customs as the mayor and bailiffs of Dublin had, same to be ap- plied and spent upon the murage and pierage of the town. In 1218 Reginald Talbot was seised of Dalkey, rendering therefore a goshawk annually, and his rights therein were con- firmed to his family by various subsequent instruments. In 1273 his descendant, another Reginald, was summoned to attend a great council in Dublin, in right of this feod. In 1306, it appearing by the king's letters that the wines sent to him out of Ireland were bad, mixed, and for the greater part sour, an inquiry was instituted on the oaths of merchants as to the cause, whereupon they found that the wines in question were COUNTY d DUBLIN. shipped about Michaelma* ai Bourdeaux. and were a:": er All Saints' Daylauii ai Dalkey. whence ihey were re-shipped to *• Skyuburaes.s," out t. the latter occasion were tossed about by tempests until the Epiphany, and then delivered in the state of deterioration complained of. tut not arising from any adulteration cr default of the mariners or merchants.* In 1323 the Mayor. Ace. of Dover received the royal com- mand to have sufficient shipping an a given day at Dalkey, to convey thence more arms and provisions to his majesty, for the service :f the exped:to:n. arsir.st Scotland. In 1337 King Edward confirmed Dalkey. with it? church and tithes, to the See of Dublin, a? did King Richard in 1395. For a urtice in 134- see at *• Howth.'' In 13t>0 the Provost and Bailirs of this little borough re- ceived the r:yal cemmaud, t: permit the departure of a Spanish sh^p, ■Mill lad been stopped to convey the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem, then also Chancellor of Ireland, inasmuch as he was not prepared to travel at that time.- In 1369 Reginald Talbot was sued in the Court of Exchequer, for delivering therein, as the rent :fhi= estate of Dalkey. .one goshawk, which on inspection and examination there pre Ted unsound, unfit, and of no value, and insomuch as the same was a fraud on the court, and a g-rievou? damage :: the king, the said Reginald was fined. t. In 1376 the kin.? a:::in:ea inspectors to prevent the un- i :e: ; eo exportation of corn from this harbour. § and in 1386 Phil : de Courtney landed here. Lord Deputy of Ireland, as did in die following year Sir John Stanley. Deputy of the Marquis of Dublin, and with full powers tinder his authority given at his manor at ** Kerygton." In 13E»6 Kin:: Richard granted to Archbishop NorthaEs and his successors in the see of Dublin, that his and their bailiffs for the time being, should exercise the office of admiral or water InSff within the manor, lordship, and port of Dalkey, and receive all fees thereunto belonging, and. that no admiral or water-bailiff of the king should intermeddle with their authority. The impor- * Rot- in Office Cm Rememb. Hib. t Rot. in Cane Hib. I Rot in Office Ch. Rememb. Hit S Rot., in Cane, Hib. DALKEY. tance of this grant appears from a contemporaneous instrument, wherein it is stated, that * there is no safe anchorage or good lying, for great ships coming into the port of Dublin with wines, salt, corn, and other merchandises, freighted for Dublin from foreign parts, only at the port of the Archbishop of Dublin in the town of Dalkey, which is six level miles from Dublin, and out of the port and liberties of the city, at which place they are bound to unload, and there is no other port in the neighbourhood where they can ride so safe from storm, and the merchants were wont to buy their goods at said port of Dalkey as well as in the port of Dublin and other ports, to land same and to bring it up on cars or in boats to the city, and there land and pay the customs." ice. In 1414 Sir John Talbot, Lord Furnival, afterwards the re- nowned Earl of Shrewsbury, landed here as viceroy of Ireland. In 1451 the kin? appointed James Prendergast bailiff of Dal- key, and by a record of 1482, it appears that this town could then raise 200 men in arms, that seven fairs were annually held here by grant from King Edward the Fourth, as also weekly markets. and that the bailiff had power to receive, out of all manner of wares and merchandise coming and resorting for sale to the said fairs and markets, such customs as were levied by the mayor and bailiffs of the city of Dublin, same to be employed in walling and paving the town. In 1488 Sir Richard Edgecombe, having taken the homage and oaths of the nobility who had espoused the cause of Lambert Simnel, embarked at this harbour for England — For a further notice of Dalkey in this year, see the u General History of the County of Dublin." In 15-38 Walter Cowley landed here with treasure for the king's service in Ireland. In the State Paper Office is an account of his disbursements in the carriage of this trust. The amount of the treasure is not stated, but it is certified to have been conveyed in two hampers on horses to Holyhead, by St. Alban's. Brickhill. Towcester. Daventry. Coventry, Lichfield, Vyleybridge, Stone. Nantwich, Chester, Conway, Rhyddlan, and Beaumaris. In 1548 Sir Edward BeUingham landed here as Lord Deputy of Ireland, as did Sir Anthony St. Leger. when in 1553 he came for the fifth time to the government of this country. COUNTY OF DUBLIN'. In 1558 the Earl of Sussex embarked a large detachment of notice in 1565. see at Merrion/ 7 In 1575, when Dublin was wasted by a remarkable plague, several of the citizens took refuge in the island of Dalkey, and in 15S4 Sir John Perrt landed as viceroy in its harbour. In 160:? John VvVieucan. in consideration of a certain sum of money, paid at the king's instance, to a certain old and well- deserving servant in Ireland," had a grant of the possessions of the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Clondaikin. Dalkey, Howth. and Go nsillagh. with the churches of Gonsiliagh. ice, reserving to the crown the tithes of the parishes of Bally bogh ill, Portmamock. R :-e bucks wall. Dubber. and Santry. excepting also such possessions of the said abbey, as had been theretofore granted to Thomas Earl of Ormond and Ossory in 1575. and also except- ing certain lands in Cnimlin in the tenure of John Bathe, late Attorney-General, the tithes of S:. Glannock, and the demesne lands of St. Mary's Abbey, the tithes of Bally bough, and the Grange of Clonliife, with their appurtenances.* In 1611 John Fa^an of Feitrim was seised of a fir park here, containing two acres, "bounded on the east to Hacket's lands, to the lands of Charles Walsh on the west, to the common pasture of Dalkey on the north, ani to the King's highway en the south." which he held :f the Archbishop of Dublin as of his manor of Dalkey. by fealty and suit of court ; and in 1626 James Bee died seised in tail male :f a messuage and four acres here, which he held by a similar tenure, as did Patrick Bamewali in the following year, seised of one ruined castle, one messuage, and four acres here.t * R:?. Pa:, in Can:. H.: * Inquis. in Cane. K.ij. DALKEY. 891 The regal visitation of 1615 reports of the churches of Clon- kene, alias Grange- and that of Dalkey, that their rectories apper- tained to the church of the Holy Trinity ; that Owen Ellis was curate of both ; and that the churches were in repair, but their chancels in ruins. In 1641 John Wilson. Vicar of Dalkey and Killiney. fell a victim to the hostilities of the period. In 1644 the sea about Dalkey and the whole bay of Dublin was rilled with the parliament ships. iJ I am sorry/' says Secretary Nicholas, in a letter to the Marquis of Ormonde, dated as of May in that year, and preserved in Carte's collections. 4i that the pas- sage from Ireland is, by the English rebels' shipping on that coast, rendered so difficult, and that there is no possibility for the king suddenly to set forth, and maintain such a guard upon the Irish coast, as to suppress their forces by sea." For a notice of the Eustace property here in 1663, see at " Clondalkin." In 1666 James Duke of York passed patent for 42a. here, with a saving, however, of a remainder in tail to Thomas Eustace ; a great proportion of this was in 1703 granted to John Allen of Stillorsran ; while in 1682 Christopher Fazan, of FeUrim, died seised of four messuages and 7a. here.* For a notice in 1697, see at « Bullock." A survey of 1725 states the contents of Dalkey as 289a. 3r. 22p., out of which total Mr. Bull was then proprietor of 67a. 3r. 26p , (now the estate of Mr. Pollard,) the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church of 7a. Or. 31p., Lord Xewhaven of 28a. 0r.4p-> glebe 14a. 1r. 14p., the see of Dublin of 49a. Or. 31p., while the commons comprised 123a. Or. 36p. In 1788 it was contemplated to make Dalkey island a lazaretto, for vessels coming from infected places and subjected to quaran- tine. The project, however, was not carried into effect. It can scarcely be omitted, that, within the memory of many. Dalkey was the scene of an annual convivial meeting of a society, who had elevated the island to the dignity of an independent king- dom, the monarchy being elective, as also all the high offices of state, as Archbishop of Dalkey, Admiral of the Muslins, ice. The Inquis. in Cane Hib, 892 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. annual visitation of the sovereign and his ministers of state, none of whom were, happily for themselves, bound to residence, afforded considerable amusement to the citizens. It took place in June, and the proceedings were duly recorded in a newspaper entitled the Dalkey Gazette. The last coronation took place in the sum- mer of 1797. The botany of Dalkey affords jasione montana, common sheep's bit ; juncus idiginosus, little bul- bous rush; rosa spinosiss i ma, burnet rose ; pedicularis palustris, tall red rattle ; trifolium arvense, hare's- foot trefoil ; iris fcetidissima, roast beef plant ; trifo- lium scabrum, rough rigid trefoil. — On the rocks, papaver cumbricum, yellow poppy; osmundi crispa, stone fern ; nepeta cat aria, cat mint ; and various species of lichen : and on the sea shore, plantago maritima, sea plantain ; samolus valerandi, water pimpernel ; leontodon maculosum, spotted dande- lion, kc. Passing over a wild and romantic coast, crowned with granite rocks, or waving in all the ornamental luxuriance of furze, and commanding most extensive views of sea and land, the road hence ascends the hills of ROCHESTOWN, the fee of Lord Talbot de Malahide, in right of the Mapas family. These hills are three in number, all rising ab- ruptly from the sea, teeming with granite, and dia- demed with Martello towers. ROCHESTOWX. 893 The ascent of the centre, commonly called Killi- ney hill, commands perhaps one of the most enchant- ing views that this county affords, certainly far superior to any scene in Wicklow. On its summit, at a height of 475 feet above the sea, the obelisk, hereafter alluded to, was erected. The panoramic view hence almost exceeds credibility, combining as it does all the charms of the sublime and the beautiful, the attractions of nature and art. Eastward the eye embraces, through the depth of air, Killiney bay em- bosomed within hills, the little town of Bray upon the shore, with the Sugar-Loaf hill beyond, its tapering elevation forming a singular feature among the irre- gular group of the Wicklow mountains. At south opens a fine expanse of hills and valleys, their natural beauties increased by all those decorations that taste and wealth can induce. Northward are seen the island and the little town of Dalkey, and the busied railtracks to the mountain quarries, the ships in the bay floating at anchor, others moving into port, or passing outwards to their various destinations. Be- yond the bay rises the promontory of Howth, over which are distinguished the hills of Louth ; and on the edge of the remote horizon the soft outline of the mountains of Mourn e ; while westward, through smoke and haze, the city is traced over many a mile by steeples, mills, factories, and monuments, the whole intervening space being luxuriantly cultivated and thickly set with innumerable country seats. The de- scent of the hill at the sea side is in many places frightfully precipitate, presenting many a native 894 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. Leucate, for those " who love too well." The faces of those cliffs have in many instances, by the power of the winter surge, been excavated in deep caverns and recesses. " On the coast immediately below," remarks Pro- fessor Scouler, " the junction of the granite with the mica schist occurs; the edges of the schistose strata repose on a basis of granite ; the schist is much con- torted, and sometimes so convoluted, as to form con- centric crusts. At the line of junction the schist abounds in crystals of andalusite, grouped in a stelli- form manner. Numerous veins issue from the gra- nite, and intersect the micaceous schist. Some of the veins run parallel to the lamination of the schist, others to the direction of its stratification ; and conse- quently one set of veins intersects the other. In one instance a heave has taken place, and the two por- tions of the granite vein are displaced. These veins frequently contain fragments of micaceous schist." Near this hill, at the residence of Mr. O'Hara, in a circular enclosure of stunted oaks, is one of those few remarkable Brehon chairs which yet stand in the island. It presents the appearance of a large arm chair of stone, with a slab step between two large rocks, all of granite. At the distance of a few yards behind it is a screen-like granite slab, standing nearly perpendicular, and pierced about half through, at the side fronting the back of the chair, with a large hole sufficient to admit a man's forefinger ; this slab is about one yard square. About the same distance be- hind this is a yet more curious granite slab, about ROC HE STOWS. three yards long by one and a quarter high, also stand- ing nearly perpendicular. In the middle of the upper side it is cut down into a long narrow slit, resembling a lengthened horse-shoe ; down from which, at one side, it is deeply grooved to the ground, and on the other side but partially and slightly. In this slab are two similar small circular perforations at the side front- ing the chair, which is. however, as it were, studiously turned from these other stones, and all are overgrown with moss. For a notice of Rochestown in 1488, see at the " General History of the County of Dublin ;" and in 1517, at " Belgard." An inquisition of 1611 finds John Fagan seised in fee of the town and lands of Rochestown and Scalpwilliam, containing one castle, forty messuages, forty gardens, 300a. cf arable land, 20a. of mea- dow, 200a. of pasture, and 10a. of wood, which he held of Peter Talbot, as of his manor of Rathdown, by fealty, the premises be- ing, as the record adds, descendible by the course of common law, and not holden according to the Irish custom of tanistry.* A survey of 1654 states Rochestown as containing 230a., of which 120 were arable, 100 pasture, and 10 meadow; that John Kennedy, of the city of Dublin, Irish Papist, had been the pro- prietor, and that its tithes belonged to Christ Church. In relation to the mineralogy of these hills, the museum of the Royal Dublin Society presents speci- mens in spodumene, of a pale yellowish green colour; killinite, of a yellowish green tinged with brown ; precious garnet ; moroxite, a very rare mineral in this country ; beryls; tourmaline ; orthite of a brownish black colour, bedded in granite ; common iron py- rites, crystallized in cubes; common arsenical pyrites, * Inquis. in Cane. HiK S96 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". of a tin white colour ; sphene, of an Isabella yellow colour. A mineral of the andalusite species also oc- curs here in abundance, particularly on the shore at the southern extremity of the cliff under the obelisk hill, where it appears thickly on the surface of beds of mica slate. It seems to abound also imbedded in the substance of that rock, though less distinctly visible until it has been exposed to decomposition, being less affected by exposure than the rock in which it is contained. The Rochestown hills supply likewise a rich field for botanic gratification, every where exhibiting rubia peregrina, madder ; eryngium maritimum, sea holly; crythmum maritimum, samphire; iris fo?ti- dissima, roast beef plant ; pedicularis sylvatica, dwarf red rattle; poly gala vulgaris, milk wort; Hypericum humifusum, trailing St. John's wort ; sta- tice spathulata, upright spiked sea lavender; lonicera periclymenum, common honeysuckle ; erodium mos- chafum, musk stork's bill ; erodium maritimiim, sea stork's bill ; lycopsis arvensis, small bugloss ; lithos- permit m officinale, common gromwell ; festuea bro- inoides, common fescue grass, a plant early brought forward by the first sunny days that warm the thin soil in which it delights to vegetate ; but its existence is of no long duration, and it fades away, or only par- tially remains in the beginning of July ; cotyledon umbilicus, wall pennywort, with yellowish green flow- ers ; sedum Anglicum, white English stone crop, a great ornament to the barren rocks on which it grows; tri folium ornithopodioides, bird's-foot trefoil, flower- ing in June. — In the hedges, viola odorata, with its KILLINEY. 897 fragrant flowers in March and April ; carex dioica, grey carex, flowering in May and June. — On the strand, convolvulus soldanella, sea bind- weed, clothing and adorning the sundry cliffs with its variegated flowers, and adding one of the lesser features of beauty to that picturesque coast; silene ?naritima,sea catchfly; aster tripolium, sea starwort, with its yellow disk and blue radii ; euphorbia Portlandica, Portland spurge; gramen sparteum spicatum, sea mat weed or mar- ram. On the rocks, statice armeria, sea pink ; gal i inn saxatile, smooth heath bed straw, covering the rocks in large patches, and adorning them in the summer months with its profusion of milk-white flowers ; loni- cera periclymenum, woodbine, flowering from June to October. — On the moist sea shore, statice limo- nium, sea lavender ; Parnassia palustris, grass of Parnassus. — In the cultivated fields between this and Loughlinstown, lolium arvense, short-awned dar- nel ; scilla nutans, hare bell squill; euphorbia peplus, petty spurge : and in the sandy pastures between this and Bray, linum angustifolium, narrow-leaved flax ; genista tinctoria, dyers' green wood, kc. The parish, in which this locality is situated, is called KILLINEY. It comprises 1334a. 2r. 7p. ? with a population of 495 persons, of whom 380 are classed as Roman Catho- lics, and is merged in the union of Monkstown in 3 m 898 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. both Catholic and Protestant arrangements. The principal proprietors are Sir Compton Domville, the Archbishop of Dublin, and Lord Talbot de Mala- hide. The ancient parochial church is on the descent of one of the hills over the sea, and still presents some interesting ruins beautifully overgrown with ivy. A tall, narrow, rectangular doorcase, set like those in the entrances of Egyptian edifices, opens into the nave, which is seven yards long by four wide. The arches of its windows are round, as is that which leads from the nave into a chancel four feet long by three wide. The windows in the latter are lancet-shaped. Parallel with the ruin of the church is that of another edifice, eleven yards long by four wide. There is also a mo- dern chapel of ease on the townland of Ballybrack in this parish ; and its officiating curate has a school on the hill of Killiney, attended by about forty-four chil- dren of both sexes, and supported by subscriptions and the proceeds of a charity sermon in the parochial church. On Ballybrack, near the aforesaid chapel, a monument of granite has been erected to mark the spot where the Duke of Dorset, at the age of twenty- one, was killed when hunting in 1815. In 1178 the church and town of Killiney were, amongst other possessions, confirmed to Christ Church by Archbishop O' Toole. The regal visitation of 1615 reports its rectory impropriate ; that Maurice Byrne was curate, and the church in good repair. For a notice in 1641, see at " Dalkey." A survey of 1654 states the townland of Killiney as containing 60a. arable, being the property of James Margetson, Dean of Christ Church, in right of his deanery. It states that there were SHAXGANAGH. 899 on the premises the walls of the parish church, and that the tithes belonged to Christ Church. The same document calculates the whole parish of Killiney as containing 347a. In 1741, the year after the remarkable frost, Mr. Mapas, then proprietor of Killiney, erected the before-mentioned obelisk here, with the benevolent intention of providing employment for the industrious poor. The grounds were subsequently greatly beauti- fied by Viscount Loftus, who resided there. In 1751 a mine was opened within the townland, the ore of which is reported to have contained a considerable quantity of silver. In 1780 this parish was, by an Act of Council, incorporated in the union of Monkstown ; and by an act of 1828, (9 Geo. IV. c. 52,) the chapel of ease before alluded to was erected here, and endowed with 20a. for the chaplain, who was directed to be ap- pointed by the perpetual curate of Monkstown, to reside within that parish, and not to accept of any other preferment. The shore between this and Bray abounds with pebbles of all colours, often so beautifully variegated, that, but for their Irish origin, they might perhaps contend with the Egyptian : they strike fire with steel, and cause no ebullition with acids. The road hence to Shanganagh exhibits vistas of the same magnificent scenery, that constitutes the pa- norama observable from the obelisk hill. SHANGANAGH gives name to a lovely wooded vale at the foot of the mountain parish of Killiney, embracing a creek of the sea, and traversed by a small stream, on which a flour mill has been established. The antiquarian will find here the dichotomised ruin of a castle, once the 3 m 2 900 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. residence of the Walshes ; and in an adjoining field a cromlech resting upon three grey stones. It is plea- sant in the stilly evening to hear the harp-like tones of the beetle impelling itself from the covert of these relics of old times ; but it is still more grateful to see cultivation and ornamental improvement covering the face of this once barren district — harvests thickly waving in the valley, and evergreen plantations steal- ing up all the surrounding hills. This denomination is at present the fee of the Misses Roberts. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Lawless family were in possession of Shanganagh, Kilruddery, 6cc.,* but in 1473, the Vicars of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, petitioned parlia- ment, stating that they and their predecessors were seised of the seigniory of Shanganagh from time immemorial, had leased it to Thomas Lawless, and had also leased eighty acres within said seigniory to Edmond Walsh, who disowned their authority, and would pay no rent, whereupon, said Edmond was ordered to ap- pear before the Justices of Common Pleas, who were empowered to decide the controversy. An inquisition of 1547 recognises the vicars as seised of the aforesaid 80a. here, adding that they were worth 26s. 8d., but were demised for ten shillings. Another inquisition of 1609 finds, that James Walsh, Es- quire, was seised of the inheritance of one castle, ten messuages, one water-mill, 173a. arable, 10a. meadow, and 30a. pasture in Shanganagh and Kiltuc, which he held of Peter Talbot, as of his manor of Rathdown ; Walsh also held at that time, and by similar tenure, ten messuages, 70a. arable, 6a. meadow, and 10a. pasture in Cork, alias Corkagh. The document continues to state, that a claim was made on behalf of Patrick Archbold of Kenleston, to some of these premises, while the vicars choral of St. Patrick's claimed the aforesaid 80a. in Shanganagh as their ancient inheritance,* and such their title is recognised in their Rot. in Cane. Hib. f Inquis. in Cane. Hib. CRINKEN. 901 charter of incorporation, in 1641, subject to a lease for years to James Walsh. They have, however, long since ceased to enjoy these lands. A survey of 1654 states this townland as containing 400a., that it had been the property of John Walsh of Shanganagh, Irish rebel, although it singularly adds, that he died half a year before the alleged rebellion broke out. It mentions a castle and a large hall thatched, a mill, two orchards, &c, as being then upon the premises, and adds, that the tithes belonged to the College of Dublin. The property did not, however, on this occasion, pass out of the Walsh family, for it appears by docu- ments in the Rolls Office, that another John Walsh died in 1671, seised of the same premises in fee tail. In 1666 Oliver Earl of Tyrconnel had a grant of 29a., here. For a notice in 1751 see at u Rathmichael," Turning out of this picturesque valley upon the main road from the metropolis to Bray, the vil- lage of CRINKEN, first claims some notice, a locality situated in the Catholic union of Kingstown, and chiefly the pro- perty of Mr. Magan and the Misses Roberts. On this townland, in the demesne of Sir George Cockburn, are the ruins of the old church of Kiltuc, measuring about eleven yards by six, and filled with hawthorns and elder trees, ivy being interlaced over all. About it are fragments of its ancient cross lying strewn on the ground, the upper stone being a solid circular piece of granite, with the crucifixion in bas relief on each side of it. The mansion-house of General Cockburn is also well worthy of a visit, 902 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. it contains many paintings of merit, several antique bronzes, tables of Mosaic and Egyptian granite, nu- merous slabs of Greek and Roman marbles, volcanic specimens from Mounts Vesuvius and Etna, with other collections illustrative of natural history. In the hall is a splendid marble sarcophagus, and in the ceiling of the library is inserted a fine copy of Gui- do's Aurora. This room especially commands splen- did views of the sea and mountains. In front of the house the proprietor has erected a pillar com- posed of Grecian marbles, to commemorate the passing of the Reform Bills in 1832. Immediately adjoining this locality is CORKAGH, i. e. the marsh, an epithet which its ancient appear- ance justified. It is now the estate of Mr. Magan, under whom it is held by Colonel Wingfield. It has a pretty glen, groves of magnificent old trees ; and in the openings, fine views of the bay, the Wicklovv mountains, and the town of Bray are liberally varied. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Lawless family were seised of this townland,* for a notice of which in 1609 see at " Shanganagh." From them it passed to the Walshes, (see at " Old Connaught" in 1654,) until an Irish act of 1713 author- ized the sale of these lands, as then part of the estate of John Walsh, for payment of debts contracted by Edward Walsh his deceased brother and then affecting said lands. In conse- * Rot. in Cane. Hib. BRAY. 903 quence of this sale it came into the tenure and tenancy above- mentioned. For a notice in 1751 see at " Rathmichael." From the mean wooden gateway of Corkagh, or as it is inapplicably styled Cork Abbey, a short por- tion of road leads into the neat little town of BRAY, in which the tourist will find an hotel of very su- perior accommodations, or comfortable lodgings, with an excellent market, no small inducements in a town so delightfully situated, overhanging the sea, and connecting the most romantic portions of this coun- ty with those of Wicklow. The better part of the town has been built on the ascent of a hill in the latter county. Here is the hotel alluded to, oppo- site to which is the church, a convenient comfortable edifice, ornamented with a steeple and spire. In the surrounding graveyard are monuments to the Hutchinson, Putland, Hodson, and Edwards fami- lies. A narrow section of this cemetery, running between its western boundary and the church, com- mands a very delightful prospect over the little harbour of Bray, the picturesque river that divides the counties, and its confluence with the sea, the ancient bridge, the garden and demesne of Ravens- well, the woods of Old Connaught, and the succes- sion of mountains even to the broad back of Douce. Near this stands an edifice which had been a barrack, but is now used as an hospital. In the valley at its foot is Mr. Southern's salmon fishery, and beside it 904 COUNTY OF DUBLIN". the brewery of Messrs. Darley. On the line of road from the hotel to the sea, are two National schools, aided by a grant of £18 per annum from the board, and attended by about 300 children. Near these is a water-guard station for seven men and an officer, and beyond it on the sea shore, is another free day school, supported entirely by Mrs. Putland, and attended by eighty-six girls and seventeen boys, all of whom are educated and clothed at her expense. Higher on the ascent of the town is the Roman Catholic chapel, a roomy and commodious edifice, with a fine altar piece and gothic screen, and almost opposite to it the Rev. Mr. Roache, the parish priest, has a neat and retired residence. The portion of the town, that lies at the Dublin side, having its annals and statistics identified with the former, necessitates the introduction of Bray in the present history. This Dublin section is usually styled Little Brav. and consists of a few lod^in^r houses in the midst of cabins. It also has an excel- lent Catholic chapel. The commons, on which have been erected some neat cottages, comprise about 25a., where fairs are held on the 1st of May and 20th of September, a small frieze fair on the 5th of August, and annual horse races in September. On the latter occasion particularly the scene presents some animating peculiarities that much increase its interest ; the valley and adjacent hills covered with the population of the barony ; the river gliding silently amongst them ; the more distant eminences bare and rocky ; the bustle and music in the tents on the ground ; the BRAY. 905 trumpet calls from the show stages ; the horses gather- ing in to the starting post ; the grooms mounting in line; the bugles sounding; the sightless offset ; the rising clouds of dust ; the audible spurring; the anxious expectancy of the fancy ; the cheers of the people ; the triumphs of the goal ; the sneezing of the wearied horses as they pace the arena of their competition, surrounded by their respective courtiers ; — all communicate a life to the scene, that, however moralists may decry its latent abuses, cannot but de- light the ordinary observer. Near these commons, and at the Dublin side of the river, are the remains of the old castle, now reduced to a single tower, and appropriated to the constabulary force. Opposite are the parochial poor schools, attended by about ninety children, and supported by subscriptions, a sermon in the church, and an annual grant of £9 from the Na- tional Board, while the physical wants of the poor are relieved by a dividend of about £60 per annum, part of the profits of an estate devised by Mr. Adair, for the relief of the indigent in this and the adjacent pa- rishes of Delgany and Powerscourt. The dispensa- tion of his bounty was confided by the testator to the successive rectors of each ; and in the district which is the subject of this memoir, it has been hitherto fairly and impartially administered. The fee of Bray at the Wicklow side is in the Earl of Meath and the Hon. Sydney Herbert; at the Dublin in Mr. D'Olier and Mr. de Butt : and town- parks are let at about seven guineas per acre. Although the harbour was in the Martello tower 906 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. building age deemed of such importance, as to require for its security three of these fortresses, twenty-six of which environ this county, yet no attempt has ever been made for its improvement, so that only small craft can come up ; neither has it quay, wharf, nor pier. It was once suggested to construct a railway from the mountains, through the vale which the Bray river waters to its mouth, and there to erect a pier where the granite could be exported, but the sugges- tion was abandoned. The chief supply of this river is from the valley of Glanduff, whence it flows through that of Glancullen by Enniskerry, and is met at St. Vallori by the Dargle river that takes its source from Lough Bray, with which augmentation it glides into the sea. The country about this village presents within a small space an instructive series of rocks. The conical masses of the Sugar Loaf mountains, with the sum- mits of Bray Head and Shankhill, resembling them in structure, are composed of quartz ; and it may be remarked, that the conical form appears to be in some measure characteristic of mountains composed of that substance. Mr. Jamieson has seen in Lusatia de- tached conical summits composed of it ; and the well known paps of Jura, and the conical summits in the mountains separating Caithness from Sutherland, are of the same material ; as is also, according to Doctor Berger, the mountain Darnhill, near the town of Portsey. Bray Head, rising behind the town, is a lofty and commanding promontory, in height 807 feet above BRAY. 907 low water mark in Dublin bay, and stretching itself to a great extent into the water. Its outline is bold and irregular, its colour always dark and gloomy, and its sides precipitous and rugged. In the cliffs that fortify it on the sea side curlews and corvorants build their nests, and, on the approach of a storm, much enhance the sublimity of the scene by their wild flights, dark groups, and melancholy screams ; while the gulls, hovering over the rocks, or riding on " the foaming fickle tide," mingle their screams with the music of the winds and waves. This Head is chiefly composed of quartz rock, divided into two great masses, the division between them being marked by a hollow in the middle of the hill ; but the coast around the headland consists of numerous successions of stratified rocks, which ascend part of the northern and eastern brows of the promontory. The strata in many places rest on their edges, and are turned and contorted in every direction, exhibiting phenomena analogous to those observed at Howth. The shores from this to Loughlinstown abound with pebbles of all colours, sometimes beautifully variegated, and bearing a fine polish. Under the Head are the ruins of an ancient chapel, forty feet long by fifteen broad, having a circular headed window at each end. The parish extends at both sides of the river ; its population was returned in 1831 as 3758 persons; and it has compounded for tithes at £230 per annum. It constitutes an entire rectory in the gift of the crown, united at a very remote period to the vicar- ages of Old Connaught and Kilternan, and the pre- 90S COUNTY OF DUBLIN. bend of Rathmichael. Kilternan has, however, been recently severed from the union. There is glebe of about six acres within this parish at a spot called "Monastery." where a stone, with a cross rudely carved upon it. and a burial ground, are yet traceable. In the Roman Catholic division the Wicklow portion of Bray constitutes the head of a distinct union, while the Dublin is included in that of Monkstown. In 43:2 St. Patrick attempted a landing at Rath Inver, sup- posed to have been the harbour of Bray, but was utterly denied admission, and driven from that coast by its pa 18TOWK. f'33 A survey of 1654 limits the scope of this parish to 6661- and the uuniber of its townLand- to three. An extremely beautiful and picturesque road de- scends from this into Cabinteely, having at left the finely ornamented demesne of Mr. Pim, and at right the natural beauties of the glen of BRENN'ANSTOWN ; descending into which by a pretty cottage, to the brink of the stream of Loughlinstown, here deepened into a river, while the valley itself seems closed up by the Three Rock mountain, a magnificent crom- lech presents itself, consisting of a prodigious altar- stone, six feet thick at the upper part, and diminishing to two at the lower, its length being about eighteen feet bv fifteen wide, gTooved through the centre in an irregular small channel, and leaning in an inclined position upon very large slabs of rock, two at each side. It has, also, a slab at its head, and another at its foot, but these bear no proportion of the weight. Some small plantations appear around this mystic scene, the humble successors of those venerated oaks. •• Whose antique roots peeped out Upon the brooks, that brawled along this wood." Yet, slender representatives as they are of the mo- narchs of the forest, it is impossible to leave this valley without a strong reminiscence of the deep and awful shades within which, some fifteen centuries nearer to the birthday of the world, the Magi cele- brated their imposing rites, when every tree had its wood nymph revealed to the eye of the votary, as she i»34 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. waved her green locks in the breeze ; when every cavemed rock was the haunt of some echoing spirit of the hill, and the rivulet, as it dimpled over its pebbled channel, or heaved the rushes and water lilies that impeded its course, was deemed the organ of Naiad music., when every sound of creation in the air, the water, or on earth was deemed the harmony of praise to the listening ear of heaven. A survey of 1654 states this denomination of Brennanstown as containing 104a., of which sixty were arable, forty pasture or furze, and four meadow, the property of the Dean of Christ Church in right of his deanery, adding that there were on the premises a thatched castle, a tuck-mill, and a corn-milL and that the tithes belonged to Christ Church. The adjoining townland of ^ ALlNTtELY, is partly the property of Sir Compton Domville, and yet more of the Mi^se^ Byrne ; the latter are almost always absentees, though they have a fine house here, and certainly the most strongly enclosed demesne in the county. Adjacent, on the Dublin road, is the village, which wears no prepossessing appearance, but in it a commodious Roman Catholic chapel has been recently erected, with a most commendable economy of time and funds. On the line hence to Kingstown is the hamlet of KILL, anciently called Clonkene, or the Kill (i. e. church ) of the Grange,, whose remains are still distinguishable. KILL. 935 aisle and chancel, the former eight yards by six. the latter seven by six. Within these ruins, in the dark shadow of ivy and elder trees, is a monument of the Finigans, while in the grave-yard is a tombstone to the memory of Mr. Byrne of Cabinteely, who died in 1799? and another to some members of the Hinchy family. There is, also, the fragment of a stone cross standing north of the ruins ; and another on a bank outside the consecrated space, the former is perfo- rated with two holes, each of a size to admit a hand to pass through. This place gives name to a parish comprising 2702a. 2r. 28p., in three townlands, and a population returned in 1831 as 1305 persons, of whom 1016 were Roman Catholics. Its rectory being part of the corps of the deanery of Christ Church, it ranks as a curacy, included in 1780 by act of council in the union of Monkstown, in which it likewise is in the Catholic dispensation. Mr. Espinasse is the principal proprietor of the fee. For a notice of the church in 1615, see at " Dalkey." A survey of 1654 estimates the total number of acres in this parish as 1380, of which it states 335 belonged to the Dean of Christ Church in right of his deanery, who was also entitled to the tithes of a large proportion, the remainder being the property of the economy of Christ Church. For notices of the tithes in 1673, and of the union of the curacy in 1780, see at •• Monkstown" in those years. By a local and personal act of 1811 (51 Geo. III. c. clxxxi.V locking, that the Dean of Christ Church was possessed of between rive and six hundred acres, called the Grange of Cloukeen or the Dean's Grange, formerly the demesne or mensal lands of his pre- decessors, and valued in 1796 at £869 5$. \0d., the said deau 036 COUNTY OF DUBLIN. and his successors were empowered to accept surrenders, and grant ne# leases thereof for twenty-one years, at rents not less than those theretofore reserved. Returning hence to Kingstown, it will but re- main for the tourist to fly orer the triumphant rail- way that traverses the ancient home of the ocean, and, hurrying by all the fine landscapes and wonders of the shore, Kingstown, Salthill, Seapoint hotel, the tunnel at Lord Cloncurry's handsome seat, the groves and verdant slopes of Lisnaskea, i. e. the fort of the briars, and all the bordering villages before enumerated, to reach the metropolis, and there close those Excur- sions, in which it has been the solicitous object of this work to interest him. If the author has realized this wish, if he has invested with some intellectual associations the metropolitan county of Ireland, en- hanced its attractions in the eyes of natives, and re* commended them to the attention of strangers, much has been accomplished ; but if, withal, this advance has been effected without flattering a party, or feed- ing a prejudice, if not a comment can be found in this lengthened volume of Irish history, that should make one subject of the empire unfriendly to another, or disassociate the hearts of his countrymen, then, then, indeed, will he confidently hope that the noble and patriotic individuals, who chivalrously permitted their names to be announced as the promoters of his first county history, will honour with their continued encouragement, those topographical illustrations which he may be hereafter induced to undertake, during the intervals allowed from professional avocations. I X D E X. AbboUtown, 588, &c Absenteeism, 85, 240, 780. Addison. 379. Agard. 321. 366. 626, 772. Alders. 672. 673. Alexander, 49. 495, 496. Allen, 37. 39, 44, 46. 43. 88. 237, 366, 640, 641, 658. 71S. 729, 75S, 764, 816, S81, S91. Andrews, 590. Archbold, 39. 106, 266.322,621. 793, 841, 900. 910. Archdall. 415. 424. Archer. 614, 615, S02. Armstrong. 542. Artane, 235-239. Arthur. 4S. 49, 297. 373. 375. 423. 456, 681. Ashtourn. 592. Atkgoe, 6S3, 6S4. Atkinson, 6SS, 813, 864. Aoenstinian Order, 445. 446. Avhner, 37. SS, 216, 217, 21 S, 422, 491, 522, 679, 686, 709, 751. Bagot. 215, 640, 650, 674, 6S6. ill, 844, S4S. BastArath. 844. Baker. 48, 49. 298, 467. Balbriggan. 463-469. Baldun.£an. 453-456. Baldwin, 731. Baigriffin. 225-229. Ball. 47, 322, S38, S52. BaUinteer, SI 7. Bafts Bridse, 843. BaUvbogkiU. 505-50S. Ti"j C 54-63. BaUyfermot. 63S-641. Ballymadu*. 499. Balivman, 915-917. Balfymore -Eustace, 735-744. Bally***. 335-342. Ball ynas corn ev. 751-753. BaUyctctn, 645. 646. ilrothery, Barony, 407. Paiuh, fcb 456-463. V.scadden, 4S0-4S4. imewall family. Memoirs of the, 301, &c Further notices. 37. 38, 39. 41. 46. 47. 50. 110, 179. 153, 155. 215. 216. 257. 266. 275, 250. 253, 257, 292. 295. 299, 300. 321, 323, 324, 33S. 393. 395. 396. 401, 402. 405. 405. 409. 410, 413. 413, 416. 423. 430. 431, 454, 455. 461, 467. 450, 456. 498. 501. 507, 50S, 512. 522, 545. 551, 555, 623. 640, 701. 702, 772, 775, S07, 505, 809, 810, 890, 927. Barret. 29. 47. 343. 375. Barrv. 161, 257. 255. 263, 266. 562, 681, 695, 755, 565. Baton, 26, 457, 6S5. Basnet. 85, 275. 717. 729. Bathe, 35. 39, 59. 60, 228, 229. 232, 250, 326, 351. 405. 422, 522. 545, 546, 623. 652. 69S. Healing, 137, 138, 2S0, 251, 403, 577, &c. 744. Beg?. 59. 405. 501, 510. 6S1. Beleamp. 229. Beldoyle. 170-176. Beteard. 705-710. BeUew, «7, 4S8, 652, 709, 710. Bellingham, 47. 378. Benefit Societies, 234, 651. Be iinen, 47. 394. Beresford. 254. 772. 912. Bermingham. 161, 185. 199. 215, 299. 416. 454. 520, 569. 555. 596. 649, 677, 675, 736. 932. Blachfortl, 557, 725. Blackburne. 722. S09. Blacknev. 271. 250, 2S1, 423. Black Rock, S63. B:axckardst<*cn, 562-564. Bolton, 44, 47, 4S, 250. 257, 330. 584. Booterttcvn, 861, 862. Botanic Garckus, 356*36 1. Botanv, 61, 62, 67, 6S, 93, 111* &c, 116, &c, 146, &c, 174, &c, ISO. &c, •23 3. 242. 252, 260, Sec, fee, 33$, 352, 370, fee, 3>7. 4_o. 432. 43S. 452, 4C-. ic. 455, 502, 539. &c. 502. 571, &c, 5S1, 593. fee, 597, fee, 601, 645, 661, 665, 699, 752. 774. 7>5. &c. S06. S10. 817, SIS, fee, S22, S2S, $52. S5S, fee, S61, S75, 892, S96, 913, 915, 930. Bovce. 562. 5 SO. Boyle, 239, 407. 519. Brabazon. 37. 46, 47, 50, 472. 697, 905, 911. Bray. 903-913. Brehon chairs, 790, 594. Bremore, 479, 4 SO. Brennaiurcurn, 9-33. Src. Breretan, S9, 393, 407, 67S. Brett, 47, 585, 643, 680, 816. Er;vr-e. 45. 240. 276, 295, 759, 764, 771. 775. Bulkelev. 44, 559. 562, 767 Bullock, S77-SS2. Barnell. 33, 34. 39, 45, 47, 225, 229, 237, 266, 323, 492, 55S, 563, 565. Barton. 713. 927. Butler, SS, 110, 12S, 133, 179, 299, 377, 411, 422, 439, 449. 477, 4? 1. 453, 520, 617, 656, 677, 678, 855, 909. Bvrre. see " O'Bvme." 101. fee, fee, 16S. 214. 225. 313, 333. 379. fee, 457, 462, &C. 54S. fee, 592. ic. 632. fee, 755, SI 4, fee, -43. >49. SSI, ic. 304. 451. 763, SI 2, 407, 718, 226. 227, 336. 459! 138, 161, 424, 431, 491, 503, 707, 796, CiVv.Ud' . 934. &c. Cabrash. 596-59S. PiiirM. 47, 250, 2S3, 4S7. Cardiff s Bridge. 593-595. Carew, 137, 179, 494, S39. Carpenter stotcn. 565. Carrickhill, 153, 1S4. Carrickmines, S35, &c. Castleknock, Barony, 523. Parish. Arc. 552-562. Caulfield, 296, 379. Chamberlayne, 351, 767. Chantries, nature of, 3SS. Chapelizod, 540-549. Chapel-Midtcay, 390. Charitable Bequests, 45, 93, 111, 138, 111, 173, 228, 231. 239. 251. 254, 259, 2S4, 341, 349. 351. 367, 36S, 372, 37S. 379, 424, 519, 561, 583, 592, 597, 601, 661, 732, 75>. 7GS 776, 7S7, 793, S27, 831. Charter schools, 67, 92, 254, 25$. Cheevers, 650, 837, 86S-870. Chi.r-. 513-515. Cistercian Order. 244. Claike. 461, 576, 5S0. Clinch. 49. 576, 673. Clogkran, 264-268. Clorhran near Hiddart. 5S7. Clondalkin, 710-719. Clonlife, 244-246. Clonmethan, 403-407. ClymiUash. 573-575. C s-:,a}K. SOS. Clomiarf, 68-94. Clomturk. 249. Cobbe, 49, 50, 272, 2S7, 324. J25. 371, 755. 756. Coddineton. 44, 4S, 110, 441, 151. 772." Cosan. SI. 445. 612. 69S. Coghill, 44, 50, 246, 24S, 409, 576, 5S5, 681. Coleman, 374. 712. Comyn. 159. 17>. 221, 226, 275, 2?>, 576, S65. Comnausht, Ol i, 913-915. Conoily, 236, 761, 7S0, 787. Coelock. Barony, 51-53. Pari-ih. &c, 230-235. Coote. 47, 49, SS, 241, 2S1. 400, 410, 51S. Corballhs, 323. Corballis. 724. 776. Corbet. 194. 492, 5S1. Cor duff, 411. Corduffin Castleknock, 564. Corkajh, 902. Corners Court, S36. Cornwalsh, 133, 159, 677. Crinken, 901. Croceae or Cross lands. 20. 24. 29, 733. Croizers. Order of, 569. Cromlechs. 124. 142. fee , SS3, 933. Crosses, 21, 222, S25, 931, fee Crosthwaite. 457, 542, 560. Cruask, 794- 7 9S. Cruiie,'26, 27, 276, 2SS, 459, 4^7, 494, 560, S05, S39. Crumlin, 693-700. Cullensurood, 799. Cusack, 25, 33,48, 12S. 161.213,296, 29S. 312, 393, 39S. 455, 591, 770, 927. INDEX. 939 Dalkey, SS2-892. Daly, 231, 279, 405, 407. Daniel, 366. 535, 545. D'Arcv, 26, 135, 497, 569, 613, 648, S49, 722. Dardis, 59, 649 : 677. Davis, 43, 379, 546, 721. Dawson. 69, 541. 757. Day, 394, 865, 930. Deaf and Dumb Institution, 340. Deane, 46, 47, 43, 49, 562, 631, 693. 725, 775. Decer, 58, 520, 669. De Courcy, 107, 103, 109, 115, 132, 157, 15*8, 159. De Lacv, 215, 276, 288, 459, 515, 544, 607, 609. De la Field, family memoirs of the, 396, fee Further notices. 26, 292, 392, 395, 410, 544. 545. 564. De la Hovde. 39. 110, 237. 262, 292, 324. 326. 424, 439, 441, 501, 545. 617. De Riddlesford, 304. 903, &c Desmond, Earl of, 32. 211. 212. 245. Dillon, 336, 376, 402, 415. 422, 522. 558, 563, 569, 593, 646. 651, 6S1. 686, 698, 70S, 709, 710, 742. Disicellsto-wn, 565, 566. Dodder, 547-849. Dolphins Barns, 600-602. Dominican Order, 5S, 520. Domville, 44, 46, 48, 49, 231, 254. 257. 372. 4S9, 502, 639, 640. 773. 832. 864, 89S, 912, 926, 923, 929, 934. Dongan, 413, 503, 5S9, 6S0, 729. Donnybrook, S01-S06. Donnycamey, 241. Dowdall, 33. 393, 395. 405. 407, 613. 723, 725. Driihogve, 408. Drumcondra, 246-253. Drury, 40. 551. 687, 725, 732. Drymnagh, 700-703. Dubber,*~3S3. Dub'in Bay, 555. S56. Dublin Mountains, S19-S24. Dam 392, 495. 640. Dunabate, 324-327. Dundrum. 311, 812. Dunsink, 5S9-592. DunsogMy, 354-3S7. Eccles. 60. 5 <5 4. Echlin, 44, 49, 402, 416. 431, 402. Edgeworth. 736. 73". 563, 565. Emigration, 575. 576. Esker, 646-653. E-monde, 330, 559. Eustace Family. Memoirs of the, 745, &c. Further notices. 33. 5 5. 1 93, 2 1 7, 236, 275, 238. 42!. 422. 515, 536, 540, 546, 530, 581, 627, 636, 637, 653, 673, 653. 718, 723. 7-34, 735, 736, 737, 742, 802, 840, 891, 927. Factories, 54, 60, 61, 191, 195, 196, 249, 349, 442, 465. 552, 633, 635, 644, 705, 713, 725. 757, 774. 776. 779, 783, 797, 793, 803, SOS, 832, 849, 925. Fagan Family, Memoirs of the, 215, &c. Further notices, 211. &c, 224, 253, 294, fee, 402. 429, 536, 627, &c, 693, 729, &c, SSI, 390, &c, S95. Fairs, table of, 15. Fanning Societies. 516. Feltrim, 211-215. Fields tourn, 394-396. Fin gal, 514-516. Finglas, 370-3S3. Finglas Bridge, 369. Finnstown, 653-655. Fisher, 625. 635. 723. Fisheries. 40. 430, 434. 443. Fitz-Gerald, S6, 135, 165. 531, 591, 617, 618, 644, 69S, 742, 7S6, 796, 527. 362. Fitz-Maurice. 47. 161. 521. 649. 653, 735. Fitz-Patrick, 121. 165. 559. Fitz-Simon, 39, 47. 61. 213. 275.250, 257, 293. 324. 343. 376. 771, 529. Fitz-WiUiam. 27. 29. 33. 3S, 39. 45, 47. 102. 165. 225. 229. 279,416, 449. 463, 640, 653. 631. S04, Sll, 812, 817, S30, 331. 533. 541, S44, 545. 5 5 5. 559. 560. 5 62, 910, 911. Fie^-r. 125, 192. -3.51. F;::"e:~res in Ireland, reflections on. 41-44. Foster or Forster. 44, 43, 229. 263, 264, 2S7, 296, 640. Fox, 110, 631, 693, 5 57. French. 657. 675. Furiosi. 247. Gardiner, 46, 245. 25S, 537. Garristoura, 495-499. Geologv. 6,&c, 52. 104. 115. ic. 154, &c. 135.190.222.239,274. 314.&C. 433, 439, 467. 455. 542. 566, 567, 769, 779. 75S, 503, 534, 574. S94. Gernon. 255. 609. Gifford. 195, 459, 696. 940 INDEX. Glancullen, 828-831. Glasnevin, 342-356. Goff, 759, 838. Gore, 110, 373, 553, 772. Goulding, 39, 221, 257, 281. Grace-Dieu, 509-513. Grallagh, 493, 494. Grange-Gorman, 364-368. Grattan, 44, 110, 138, 406, 407, 772. Grose, 247. Hackett, 483, 606, 648, 726, 816. Halidav, 54, 813, 814. Hall, 29, 581, 601. Hamilton Family, Memoirs of the, 470, &c. Further notices, 44, 47, 49, 50, 213, 217, 337, 343, 373, 429, 441, 445, 451, 456, 458, 462, 463, 464, 592, 640, 797. Harold, 722, 792, 808, 824, S26, S27, 926. Harold's Cross, 776. Harrison, 48, 68, 106, 407. Harte, 684, 720, 813, 857. Hill, 48, 405, 407, 460, 562. Hoare, 47, 392, 401, 424, 535, 559, S02. Hollywood, 29, 47, 232, 236, &c, 257, 262, 266, 2S0, 326, 336, 337, 426, 490, &c, 501. Holmes, 288, 802. Hospitallers' Order, 84. Howth, 122-156. Hussey, 33, 189, 374, 441, 455, 4S6, 487, 488. Hutchinson, 458, 536, 541, 642, 825, 903. Inchigore, 638. Ireland, granted to subjects, 24, 27, 28. Irelands Eye, 166-170. Irishtown, 857. Island Bridge, 633-638. Jackson, 254, 258, 393, 583. Jews in Ireland, 54-57. Johnson, 48, 93, 737, 813. Jones, 48, 49, 195, 283, 288, 505, 518, 559, 562, 659, 673, 724, 726, 768, 865. Jordan, 281, 562, 696. Kelly, 418, 768, 805, 811. Kennedy, 48, &c, 322, 653, 895. Keogh, 173, 674, 694. Kilgobbin, 824-828. Kill of the Grange, 935. Killbarrock, 113-118. Killeiah, 335-337. Killester, 239-241. Killiney, 897-899. Killnasantan, 754. Killossery, 400. Killsallaghan, 391-394. Kilmactalway, 684-688. Kilmacud, 841. Kilmacudrick, 689-691. Kilmainham, 602-633. ! Kilter nan, 831-S34. | King, 86, SS, 89, 179, 221, 233, 2 45, 2S0, 2S7, 288, 337, 419, 501, 512, 519. 737, 772, 796, &c, 805, 834. S40, 927. Kingstown, 871-877. Kinsaly, 219-222. Kirwan, 139, &c, 173, 311. Knockmaroon, 549-552. Knocksedan, 331-334. Lambay, 433-438. Lansdowne, Marquis of, 45S. 479. 4>1, 701, 713. La Touche, 49, 50, 6S2, 728, 789. 791, 862. Lawless. 25. 900, 902, 914. Leland, 912, 928. Lesley, 7S2, S13, 838. Lispo'bel, 409. Lissen Hall. 327-330. Loan Fund Societies, 93, 234, 241, 912. Locke, 555, 563, Sec, 5S8, 675, 680, 683, 729, 816. Loftus, 231, 234, 302, 419, 592, 702, 730, 771, 785, he, 792. &c, 825, &c, 927. Lovghlinstcu-n, 929, &c. Lough Shinny, 43 S- 4 40. Lucan, 655-662. Lusk, 414-425. Luttrelstown, 56S-573. Luttrel, 37, 39, 45, 46, SS, 326, 336, 522, 557, 564, &c, 569, 570, 574, &c, 651, &c, 660, 6S6, 730, 797. Lynch, 576, 627, 749. Mac Donnell, 185, S27. Mac Murrough, 172, 201, 215, 241. Mac Namara, 162, 857. Malahide, 186-197. Malone, 620, 628. Manne, 448, 626. Mapas, 5S9, 616, 899. Marino, 63-68. Marleburgh, 326, 482. Marshall: 249, 520, 61 1. INDEX. 941 Martin. 562. 5S1, 627. MarwardL 27. 29, 33, 47, 256, 6S1, 696. Massey, 2S4. 2S7, S65. Mrrrion. S59. $60. Mevler. 266. Middleton. 233. 519. 673. MiHtou*, 6S8. Miltowm, 793. Mines in Ireland. 93, 134. 139. 1S5. 190. 264. 439, 467. 534. 550. 566. 619, 631. Molesworth, 44. 2S7. 32S, &c Molmeux. 555. 576. 6S1. 717. Monkst.ym. 864-S71. Montcromerr. 44, 195, 601. Moore. 233, 245. 295. 4S7. 490. &c. 5$], 740. Morgan, 3SS. 561. 737. Morres. 4S, 197. 32S, 541. 631. Mounts, see " Raths."' , MullaskhUiart. 5 75-5 Si. Murphr. 393. 406. 429. Murray, 4 IS, 429, 442. Kaager. 6S9. Napper. 437. 646, SOI. Kami, 4S4-4S9. Xe:herer:ss. By.::. 265. Netterville. 27. 39. 45. SS. S9. 23S. 257. 276. 250. 323. 423. 503. 570. 592. 651. 6S1. Xewcastfc, Bjrcxy, 599. 600. ParUk. &c-. 674-6S2. ' Newcomen, US, 251. 4SS. 627, 640, 6SS. Nolan. 200. 64S. 6S4. Norton. 392. 555. 76$. Nottingham, 520. 646. 653. 7 IS. Nugent. 33. 159. 173. 221. 227. 231. 256. 262. 266. 341. 401. 409, 651. Nunneries, 242, 420, 596, 7S3. O'Brien. 31, 132. 161, 162, 179, 201, 304, 437, 450. S13. O'Bvrne or Bvme. 26. 33. 39. 200. 393. 419, 491. 494. 5S9. 697, 720. &c, 764. 766. 7S5, S05. S9S. 910. 911. 935. O'Carroll. 75. 515. OConor. 31. 75. SI, 15S. 201. 216, 562. 715, 766. O'Flahertv, 75. 275, 627. OHanlon, SI. 32. O'Kellv. 49. 75. 79. OLearv. S29. OMelaghiin. 131. 275. 420, 515. OMore. 30. 709. 743, 766. O'Neill, 32. 35. 39. 161. 164. 304. &c, 330. 473. 559. 624. 634. 716, 791. S14. S42. OReiliy. 31. 162, 215. 4c, 401. O SuIiiran. 302. OToole. 33. 39. 47. 74, 200. 220, 226. 320. 441. 491, 601, 623. 706, 721, &c. 742. 763. 765,785, 799, 930. I Oxmantown, 517-523. F^ev. 452. 497. 651. 757. Palmer, 109. 419. 429, 431. PalmerstOKr%, 641-645. Pahmersioicn *fzr