C ^ ^ ^ vs \0 Lea&har? Na 5-ceaRC. THE BOOK OF RIGHTS tST- 6ea6haR nq 5-ceaRc, THE BOOK OF RIGHTS, NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME EDITED, WITH TRANSLATION AND NOTES, JOHN Q'DONOVAN, ESQ., M. R. I. A, \J JAERISTER AT LAW. DUBLIN: PRINTED FOR THE CELTIC SOCIETY. 1847. ^A US, A3 THIS COPY IS PRINTED KOK GEORGE DUGGAN, AN ORIGINAL ASSOCIATE MEMBER 01 ©I)c Celtic Society. DUBLIN 1 PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, BY M. H. GILL. OFFICERS ELECTED AT THE FORMATION OF THE SOCIETY. ^rcsiticnt : SIR AUBREY DE VERE, BART. Fice=^rcstocnts : Butt, Isaac, Esq., LL. D. Hudson, the Very Rev. Edward Gus- tavus, Dean of Armagh. Kane, Sir Robert, M. D., M. R. I. A., President of the Queen's College, Cork. Monsell, William, Esq., M. R. I. A. O'Brien, William Smith, Esq., M.P. M. R. I. A. O'Connell, Daniel, Esq., M. P. Renehan, the Very Rev. Laurence, D. D., President, Royal College of St. Patrick, Mavnooth. trustees : Hudson, Henry, Esq., M. D., M. R. I. A. Hutton, Thomas, Esq., M. R. I. A. Sweetman, Walter, Esq., M. R. I. A. ^Treasurer : O'Loghlen, Sir Colman Michael, Bart. Secretaries : Bindon, Samuel H., Esq. Webb, Patrick Robert, Esq. Council Barry, Michael Joseph, Esq. Crolly, the Rev. George, D. D., Pro- fessor, Royal College of St. Patrick, Maynooth. Duffy, Charles Gavan, Esq. Ferguson, Samuel, Esq., M.R.I. A. Fitzpatrick, Patrick Vincent, Esq. Graves, the Rev. Charles, A. M., Professor and F. T. C. D., M.R.I.A. Hardiman, James, Esq., M. R. I. A. Hudson, William Elliot, Esq., A.M., M. R. I. A. Kelly, the Rev. Matthew, Professor, Royal College of St. Patrick, May- nooth. Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan, Esq. Mac Carthy, Michael Felix, Esq. Mac Cullagh, William Torrens, Esq., M.R.I.A. Mac Ivor, the Rev. James, F. T. CD. Mitchel, John, Esq. Nowlan, the Very Rev. Edward, V.G. Ossory ; P. P. Gowran. O'Callaghan, Isaac Stoney, Esq. O'Hagan, Thomas, Esq. Pigot, John Edward, Esq. Starkey, Digby Pilot, Esq., A. M., M. R. I. A. Tenison, Edw. King, Esq., M. R. I. A. Tighe, Robert, Esq., A.M., M.R.I.A. Wilde, William Robert, Esq., M.R.I.A. Assistant Sccrctarr? : Mr. John Daly. ©orrcspoiVBing Secretaries : Cork. — John Windele, Esq. Kilkenny. — Robert Cane, Esq., M. D. Waterford.— Thomas Francis Meagher, Esq. Armagh. — Mr. John Corry. ©orrcsponTJing Associate 'abroati: Richard Robert Madden, Esq., M. D., M. R. I. A. The Council of the Celtic Society having intrusted me with the superintendence of this volume in its progress through the Press, I hereby certify that it is, in all respects, conformable to the rules of the Society. I also take this opportunity of expressing, upon the part of the Council, their thanks to the Royal Irish Academy , for the permis- sion to print this work from their most valuable MSS. ; to the Provost and Board of Trinity College, for access to their Manuscript Library ; and to the Rev. Doctor Todd, for facilities in the consultation of it which he was kind enough to afford. To John O Donovan, Esq., our thanks are pre-eminently due, for the learning and zeal which he has exhibited in the editing and general arrangement of the work. In it will be re- cognized a further proof of the critical and profound knowledge which he possesses of the language of our country, as well as of its topography and history. The services of Mr. Eugene Curry have been invaluable, and I am happy to record that his intimate knowledge of our ancient literature has throughout the work been made available. I cannot close these observations without tendering our warm gratitude to the dis- tinguished artist, Frederick W. Burton, Esq., R. H. A., whose pencil has graced our title-page with a group as classic as it is Irish, and which cannot fail to excite, in every Irish mind, true feelings of pride and satisfaction. It is to George Du Noyer, Esq., that we owe the drawings of the ancient chess-king from the cabinet of Dr. Petrie, which will be found in our Introduction ; and to Mr. Hanlon we are indebted for the wood- cuts used there as well as in our illustrated title-page. William Elliot Hudson, Member of the Council, •nth July,— list December, 1847 CONTENTS PAGE. Introduction. Of Leabhar na g-Ceart, i Of the Saltair Chaisil, xxii Of the will of Cathaeir Mor, and other pieces introduced into Leabhar na g-Ceart, xxxiii Of the References to Tomar as King or Prince of the Galls of Dublin, xxxvi Of the Tract prefixed to the Book of Rights, entitled " Geasa agus Buadha Riogh Eireann," xlii Of the Division of the Year among the ancient Irish, . . xlviii Of the Chariots and Roads of the ancient Irish, .... lvi Of Chess among the ancient Irish, lxi On the Irish Text and Translation, lxv ^eaya agur 6uat)ha Rfogh Gipecmn. Prose, 2 Poem — CI pip ain ia6ap in ceach, 8 Leabhaji na 5-Cearin. I. Olisheaoh Rijh Chaipil. First Prose, 28 First poem — tRijeao each pij 6 pij Caipil, 32 Second prose, 42 Second poem — Ceapc Chaipil, cen chpao 01a chupaio, . ib. Vlll CONTENTS. PAGE. I. Olijgheaoh TJijh Chairil. — Continued. Third prose, 50 Third poem — 6enen — beanoachc pop in n-jen, .... 52 Fourth prose, 60 Fourth poem — Cip Caipil in cualabaip, 62 Fifth prose, 68 Fifth poem — Q eolaij lTluman moipi, 70 Sixth prose, 80 Sixth poem — Ctca puno peanchap, puaipc ppeach, . . ib. Seventh prose, 86 Seventh poem — Qpa peapaoaip a n-joip, 88 II. Dlijheaoh Rijh Chpuachan. First prose, 96 First poem — ©'P^ij pe peanchap nach puaill, .... 98 Second prose, 110 Second poem — Uuapipcal cuicio Chonbacc, 112 III. Olijheaoh Riogh CCili^h, Oipghiall, agup Ulaoh. 1. tHijheaoh TCijh Cdl^h. First prose, 118 First poem— Ceapc pij dilij, eip[c]io pip, 120 Second prose, 126 Second poem — Q pip, ba n-oeachaip po cuaio, .... 128 2. Olijheaoh Righ Oipghiall. First prose, 134 First poem — Sipcij cam cluinebaip, 136 Second prose, 142 Second poem — In cheipc-pea pop chloino Colla, . . . 144 3. Olijheaoh TCigh Ulaoh. First prose, 154 First poem, — Gca puno pochop Ulao, 156 Second prose, ] 68 Second poem — tDlijio pij Gamna acup Ulao, .... ib. CONTENTS. IV. Olijheaoh TCijh Ueamhpach. First prose, First poem — OI1516 ptj Ueampa cuipim, Second prose, Second poem — Cip cuach TTI161, mop m peel, . . . . V. OligheabhTCish tai^hean, a^upUiomnuChachaeipmhoip. First prose, First poem — Ceapc pi£ ^aijean po luaib 6enen, . . . Second prose, Second poem — Coipci j, a Caijniu na laech, Third poem — Na paep-chlpa, plichc ao cuap, . . . . Fourth poem — Qca puno peanchap, puaipe, peanj-, . . VI. 6eannachc phaopuijj ajup Ceapc Riojh Gipeann a o-Ceamhpaigh, Introductory poem by Dubhthach Mac Ui Lughair — N16I15 cuaipe no ceanoaijeachc, First poem — Uearhaip, ceach a m-bf Ulac Cuinb, . Second poem — Uearhaip nocho Dip bo-pon, . . . Third poem — t)liji6 pig Ulao Gamna, .... Fourth poem — ^eapa pi£ Ulao Gamna, .... Fifth poem — Do ouaoaib pij Ulao uill, .... Sixth poem — t)liji6 pi Nctip, anopa, Seventh poem — Seachc (£)-capbaib ap a m-bia op, Eighth poem— ^)eapa pij Caijean ao chim, . . . Ninth poem — 6p'j'b bo peip im a pach, .... Tenth poem — tHijib pi Chaipil na (^)-cpeach, . . Eleventh poem — Upi buaba pij Chaipil cam, . . Twelfth poem — OI1516 6 plaith Cuimnij lip, . . Thirteenth poem — tDlijio pij Chopco fthaipcin, Fourteenth poem — ^eapa pig 6unnnij leachain, . Fifteenth poem — t)li£ib plaich Chpuachan, nd ceil, Sixteenth poem — ^eip 06 Cpuacha b' pap po epi, . Seventeenth poem — t)li£io pi h-Ua Ulaine mop, Eighteenth poem — tDlijib pi Hlioi in mapcaio, . . Nineteenth poem — ^eapa pig Gojain 'n-a chij, . . b 176 178 182 184 192 204 216 218 222 224 234 236 238 ib. 240 248 ib. 250 ib. 252 ib. 254 258 260 ib. 262 ib. 264 ib. 266 ib. CONTENTS. VARIOUS READINGS. pai;i:. In — £J ea r a a S u r 6"aoha Riosh Bipeann, 271 In — Ceabhap na 5-Ceapc: .1. I. Oligheaoh TC15I1 Chaipil, 274 II. Oligheabh Rijh Chpuachan, 278 III. 1. t)li 5 heaoh Ri 5 h CIili 5 h, 280 III. 2. Dlisheaoh Ri S h Oip 5 hiall, 281. III. 3. Olisheabh TCi 5 h Ulabh, 282 IV. Oligheaoh Righ Ueamhpach, 283 V. tDlijheaoh'Rijh^aijhean, crjup Ciomna Chachaeip ITIhoip, 284 VI. 6eannache phaopuij, ugup Ceapt Riojh Gipeann a b-Ueamhpaigh, 287 Additional Remarks on the MSS., 290 Corrigenda, 294 Index, 295 ERRATA. Taqe 6, notes, col. 1, line 7, for in the first century, read A. D. 130. „ 9, col. 1, line 15, after sub tine, add and Trius Thaum, p. 133. „ 20, col. 2, line 4, for 1585 read 1505. „ 30, col. 1, line 3, add Holiday's Ed., p. 136. „ 31, text, line 19, and in note h , for Alplainn, read Alplann. „ 32, notes, col. 1, line 9, for all that part read all that part of Leinster. „ 40, col. 2, line 9, for Sliabh liludhma read Sliahh Uladhma. „ 46, col. 2, lines 19 and 21, for O'Eidirsceoill and Darfhiiie, read h-Eidirsceoill and Dairfhine. „ 50, col. 1, line 1, for Fiacha Luighdhe, read Fiacha Suighdhe. „ 53 and 59, text and note, for Kaithlcann, read llaithlinn. ,, 58, notes, col. 2, at the eiid, for .Mac Cuilleanain, read .Mac Cuileannain. „ 59, col. 2, line It,/"/' Kilcrobane, read Kilcrohane. „ 71, text, lines lii, 17, for Ye and If ye are read Oh and If thou art. „ 72, notes, col. 2, line 21, for the son of, &c., read second son of Daire Cearba, and add See Ogygia, Part in. c. 81. „ 74 and 75, text ami mites on Dairbhre, far Dairfliine, read Duibhnc. i.e. Corca Duibhne. „ 79, notes, col. 2, line 10, for Eile Fhogartaigh read Kile Ui Fhogartaigh. „ 81, text, line 4, for Ye learned read Oh learned man. „ 88, notes, col. 1, line 7, dele which was called Laighin Deas-ghabhair bv the ancient Irish. „ 94, col. 2, line 5, for A. M. 305, read A. M. 3501. „ 108, col. 1, line 7, for Mae Diarmaid read Mac Diamiada. „ 143, notes, col. 2, line, 7, for pp. sol, 802, read 301, 302. „ 165, col. 1, line '.>,for Maigh lnis, read- Magli Inis. ,, 174, col. 1, lines 7 and 10, for Tuath, read Tuatha. „ 193, col. 2, line 5, for Clann Maeiliagh'ra read Clann Maelughra. „ 237, line 25, for Let him not be an old rusty vessel read That he be not a vessel of old words. „ 256, notes, line I, for 184, note n > read 49, note k - INTRODUCTION. Of Leabhar na g-Ceart. Two ancient vellum copies of this work are in existence, one in the Leabhar Leacain (Book of "Lecan") which was compiled from various other MSS., by Giolla Iosa Mor Mac Firbisigh of Leacan, in the county of Sligo, chief historian to O'Dubhda (O'Dowda) in the year 1418. This copy begins at folio 184, and ends at folio 193, comprising thirty- eight closely written columns of the book. The other copy is preserved in Leabhar Bhaile an Mhuta (Book of " Ballymote") which was com- piled by various persons, but chiefly by Solamh O'Droma, from older MSS., about the year 1390, for Tomaltach Mac Donnchadha (Mac Donough), then chief of the territories of Tir Oiliolla, Corann, Airteach, Tir Thuathail, and Clann Fearn-mhaighe, extending into the counties of Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim. This copy begins at folio 1 47 and ends at folio 154 a, col. 2, comprising thirty columns of that book. Various modern paper copies are extant and accessible, but they have been found, on comparison with the two vellum ones just referred to, to be of no authority, as they were evidently made, primarily or se- condarily from either of them, with several corruptions of the respec- tive scribes, none of whom thoroughly understood the language, as is quite evident from the nature of the corruptions (or, as they fancied, corrections) of the text made by them. ii Introduction. An abstract of this work was published by Hugh Mac Curtin in his Brief Discourse in Vindication of the. Antiquity of Ireland, pp. 173-175, and pp. 221-240. An abstract of it is also given by Dr. John O'Brien, li. C. Bishop of Cloyne, in his Dissertations on the Laws of the ancient Irish, a work which was published by Vallancey, in 1774, in the third number of the Collectanea de Rebus Hibernieis, where this abstract occu- pies from p. 374 to p. 389- The suppression of O'Brien's name in the publication of this has caused confusion. Thus, when the author says, " in my copy of the Annales Innisfallenses, I find," &c, all subsequent writers took for granted that this referred to Vallancey's copy of these Annals, whereas the fact turns out to be that the "my copy of the Annates Innisfallenses,'''' throughout this work, refers to a compilation of Annals made for Dr. John O'Brien, by John Conry, in 1760, at Paris, from all accessible Irish, Anglo-Irish, and English sources, of which the autograph is now preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with various marginal condemnatory notes in the hand-writing of Charles O'Conor of Belanagare. In consequence of the suppression of O'Brien's name in connexion with that work, it has been quoted as Vallancey's own by all those who have since treated of the subject, but more particularly by Mr. Moore, who frequently quotes Val- lancey's Dissertation on the Laws of Tanistry, in his History of Ire- land, as a work of authority. The original Irish of the present work, however, never saw the light before the present edition, and writers have been quoting from it as the genuine work of Benean or St. Benignus, who was the disci- ple of St. Patrick, and his comharba or successor at Ard Macha (Armagh), but without letting the public know where the best copies of it are preserved, or what real claims it has to be considered the genuine work of St. Benean. Benean Avas of a Munster family, being descended from Tadhg mac Introduction. iii Cein a (the grandson of Oilioll Olum, king of Minister), to whom king Corraac mac Airt, about the year 254, had granted the territory of Cianachta Breagh, which comprised the district around Daimhliag (Duleek), and all the plain from thence to the hills of Maeldoid at the River Life (Liffey). The occasion of his conversion to Christianity is described in all the old Lives of St. Patrick, and in Benean's own Life 1 '- St. Patrick being at Leath Chathail (Lecale in Ulster), and having de- termined on celebrating the Easter of the year 433 near Teamhair or Tara, where, he knew, the Feis Teamhrach was then to be celebrated by the king and all his toparchs, took leave of his northern friend and convert Dicho, and, sailing southwards, put into the harbour of In bhear Colpa (Colp), the mouth of the Boinn or Boyne. There he left his boat in care of one of his disciples, and set out on foot through the great plain of Breagh (Bregia), in which the palace (of Tara) was situ- ate. On their way, and not long after landing, they went to the house of a respectable man (viri nobilis) named Sescnean, where they were entertained and passed the night. St. Patrick is said on this occasion to have converted and baptized this Sescnean and all his family, among whom was Benean, then seven years old, to whom, at the bap- tism, Patrick gave the name of Benignus, from his benign disposition. This boy became so attached to St. Patrick, that he insisted on going along with him. St. Patrick received him with pleasure into his so- a According to the genealogies of the his Supplement to the Lives of St. Patrick, saints collected by the O'Clerighs, Benean, Trias Thaum, p. 203. From these it would bishop and primate, was the son of Sesgnean, appear that the Life was in Irish, and son of Laei, son of Tadhg, son of Cian, son translated into Latin by Colgan, who in- of Oilioll Olum. See Leabharnag-Ceart, tended publishing it at the 9th of Novem- post, p. 50, where he is said to be of the her. There is an Irish Life of this saint iu Cianachta of Gleann Geimhin, of the race the Burgundian Library at Brussels, ac- of Tadhg, son of Cian. cording to Mr. Bindon's Catalogue of the b Considerable extracts from the Life of Irish MSS. in that Library, printed in the Benignus have been printed by Colgan, in Proceedings of the R. I. A , vol. iii. p. 485. a 2 iv Introduction. ciety, and Benignus thenceforth became one of his most favorite dis- ciples. According to the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, however, the apostle met Sescnean when he first landed at Inis Phadruig, near Dub- lin (lib. i. c. 45); but Doctor Lanigan thinks that this date is contra- dicted by the whole tenor of St. Patrick's proceedings. Be this as it may, we are informed in one of the chapters of the Life of St. Be- nignus, which Colgan has published in his Trias Tliaum., p. 205, that when he became qualified to preach the Gospel, he was employed in various parts of Ireland, and particularly in those regions which St. Patrick had not visited in person. Among these is particularly men- tioned " Iar Momonia", or "West Munster, and " Corcomrogia" Corcum- ruadh (Corcomroe, in the county of Clare). But he became in a special manner the patron of Connacht, where he erected his principal church, called in the time of the writer Cill Benein, at Dun Lughaidh, in the territory of Conmaicne Chineil Dubhain ("Kilbanan" in the barony of Dunmore and county of Galway, where the remains of a round tower still indicate the ancient importance of the place) ; and it is added that he blessed the province of Connacht " from the River Dro- bhaeis to Muireasc Eoghain near Luimneach, and from Leim Lara to Druim Snamha in the district of Gabhal Liuin" (Galloon, at Lough Erne), in which region the inhabitants paid him and his successors, yearly, " lacticiniorum, vitulorum, agnorum, idque generis animan- tium primitias." — Trias Thaum., c. 32, p. 205. But the relatives of St. Benignus, to wit, the race of Eoghan of Caiseal, the descendants of Oilioll Olum," and other Munster tribes, hearing that he had blessed the province of Connacht in preference to Munster, of the royal stock of which he was himself descended, though St. Patrick wished him to bless the south, were in no small degree offended; but St. Benignus, to make some amends for this obvious dereliction of provincial duty, commenced and composed that famous Introduction. v Chronicon, called the Psalter of Caiseal , in which are described the acts, laws, prerogatives, and succession, not only of the monarchs of all Ireland, but also those of the kings of Minister. The passage runs as follows in the Latin of Colgan : — " Cognati Sancti Benigni, vt populus Eoganiai Casselensis, Olil- diana progenies, et alij Momonienses, audito preedicto eius facto, non parum offensi et contra virum Dei indignati dicuntur. S. autem Be- nignus, vt istam oftensam aliquo grato dilueret obsequio, famosum illud Chronicon, quod Psalterium Casselense nuncupatur, inchoauit et composuit: in quo non solum totius Hibernias Monarcharum, sed spe- cialiter regum Mumonias acta, jura, praerogativse, et successio con- scribantur."— Trias Thaum., c. 33, p. 205. Benignus afterwards, in 455, upon St. Patrick's retirement, suc- ceeded him, and, having himself resigned his bishopric in 465, died on the 9th of November, 4G8, and was buried at Ard Macha (Armagh) d . The passage, which we have just cited out of Colgan's extracts from the Life of St. Benignus, has been overlooked by our writers. It es- '' It is usually supposed that this work •was called Psalter because it was princi- pally written in verse. Doctor Lanigan, however, informs us (Eccl. Hist. vol. iii. p. 356, note 58), that '■ his deceased worthy friend, General Vallancey," informed him that this was a mistake, as the original title of the work was Saltair, " which, he said, signifies chronicle; and that lie states the same in his Prospectus of a Dictionary of t lie ancient Irish, at Taireae." Dr. Lanigan, however, though he would wish to agree with Vallancey in everything, was too pro- found a scholar to be led astray by his vene- ration for the memory ofhis departed friend, and, too honest to pass any opinion without SDnte authority, he had the courage to add '• Yet Saltair signifies also Psalter, .and the Psaltaxr, or Saltair -na-rann, was not a chronicle." ll Dr. Lanigan remarks (vol. i. p. 377): " How a story about Benignus having died at Koine, got into the Annals of lunisfallcn, I cannot discover." The Doctor was not aware that what he quotes throughout his Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, as the Annals of Innisfallen, is only a compilation made at Paris, A. D. 17r stanza at p. 68, infra (.which is only found in the Book of Leacan), can scarcely be viewed as an exception to this. On the internal evidence viii Introduction. oi' the poems, as to the authorship of them, it will become very clear that he was not the author; and those who have "fathered" the Book on St. Benean, to use O'Reilly's expression (Ir. Writ. p. 109), must have confined their reading to the prose. It will appear upon careful consideration that most of the stipends and tributes mentioned in Leahhar na g-Ceart were traditional, and many of them of great antiquity. The tributes of Midhe (Meath) are said (p. 1 84), to be related as they were rendered from the time of Conn of the Hundred Battles. It is probable, indeed, that the accounts were originally digested, and perhaps put into metre, by St. Benean; but that the work was afterwards, towards the beginning of the tenth century, altered and enlarged by Cormac Mac Cuileannain, bishop-king of Caiseal or Munster, assisted by Sealbhach the sage, and Aenghus, so as to agree with the tribes and subdivisions of Ire- land at that period. This appears quite plain from the notices of Sealbhach and Aenghus, at p. 60, and of Mac Cuileannain, at p. 86. The poet Sealbhach was secretary to Cormac, " Seluacius S. Cor- maco a secretis vir eximia? pietatis et doctrine." — Acta SS. p. 5 ; and in the same place Colgan says that he survived Cormac for some years, and that he wrote concerning his virtues and death: "Vixit autem Seluacius aliquot annis post S. Cormacum, de cuius morte et virtu- tibus inter alia multa, pulchre scripsit." — Ibid. As Cormac, accord- ing to the Annals of Ulster, and to Ware, vol. i. p. 465, began his reign A. D. 901, and was killed at the battle of Bealach Mughna, A. D. 908, we can very nearly fix the date of the composition. We shall presently find further evidence to show that the poems, in their present form, cannot be ascribed to so early a period as the time of St. Benean; but there is every reason to believe that the older Book of Eights, which was said to have been written by St. Benean, was in existence in the time of Cormac. Introduction. IX Now, let us look closely through these several pieces. We have seen that the writer of the pr:ose attributes the first piece to the gifted author Benean, the son of Sescnean ; but the commence- ment of the poem immediately following leads to the inference that it was the composition of one who had arrived at the station of chief poet of Ireland ; for he claims for the men who held that office, and wore the Taeidhean, or ornamented mantle, made of the skins and feathers of various coloured birds (Cormac's Glossary), the true knowledge of the rights of Caiseal, which, to bards e , should be a question for ever. In the second poem there is a similar allusion, p. 42, for the poet sings that it is his duty to record the right of Caiseal, and that it is pleasing to the king of Gabhran to find it acknowledged by his poet. In the third piece the writer of the poem actually addresses Benean as a third person, and implores a blessing on him ; asserting that it was he who put in the Saltair Chaisil the tradition or history of the king of Caiseal and of his income. That was evidently an antecedent Saltair, which the writer afterwards refers to (p. 60), as the Psalter of the God of Purity, in which he had found it recorded that Benean had remained at Caiseal from Shrovetide to Easter. The writer of the prose, as usual, ascribes this poem to St. Benean, the son of Sescnean the Psalmist, but the poem itself furnishes internal evidence that it was not composed by him, or for centuries after his time. It refers to the cursing of Teamhair (Tara) by Saint Ruadhan, A. D. 563; see p. 53, n. u , infra; it mentions the Galls or foreigners of Dublin, and the duty of driving them out from Leinster and Munster (p. 54); and if those foreigners were the Northmen, such an allusion could not have been made before the eighth or ninth century. It states the great dignity and prerogatives of Caiseal, and complains that the e See page 183, and note ' there. x Introduction. people of Leinster and race of Conn did not subscribe to those preroga- tives; and in the concluding stanza the poem requests Sealbhach the Saei, or learned Doctor, to maintain those privileges. We have already, p. vii., mentioned the fourth piece, and its conclud- ing verse, p. 68, wherein Benean is made to speak in the first person. The fifth poem refers to Benean as the one who had shaped the stipends of Caiseal, and it does not say that he wrote the piece. Again, in the sixth poem, which begins at p. 80, and ends at p. 87, distinct mention is made of Mac Cuileannain himself, from which we must conclude that these poems were written during his time, and indeed possibly this particular poem was written by himself, for the writer pledges the support of Mac Cuileannain to the sage or ollamh who maintains the system he is expounding, as it is. Again, the poem which begins on p. 98, and ends on p. 11 1, plainly betrays a later age by mentioning (see p. 107, infra) the free tribe of " Siol Muireadhaigh," for the progenitor of this tribe, Muireadhach Muilleathan, king of Connacht, died, according to the Four Masters, in the year 700, rede 701 (see Tribes and Customs of Ui Maine, p. 73, note f ), and of course was unknown to Benean, though the prose, as usual, attributes the composition to him. He died in the year 468, i. e. 233 years before the ancestor whose race is mentioned in the poem. The language of the poem is, however, very different from the prose, and in its concluding rann the writer plainly distinguishes himself as the follower of Benean, not Benean himself, as follows: " Well has Beneun exactly found This knowledge — it is no injustice, / shall state it as it is, Ye noble people, hear it !" The mention of Leath Chathail in the poems, on Cladh, pp. 164 and 172, is decisive to show that they could not have been written by Introduction. XI Benean in the filth century. We have shown (p. 165, n. f ) that an an- cestor of Cathal, from whom the territory took its name, was slain in the year 627. In the splendid volume on the Ecclesiastical Antiqui- ties of Down, Connor, and Dromore, by the Rev. Mr. Reeves, pp. 201, 257, n. u , and 365, n. x , now published, the reader will find the mate- rials for fixing the era of this Cathal to the middle of the eighth century, and of the adoption of the territorial name to the middle of the ninth, A. D. 850. So, the frequent references to the Galls, and to Tomar, as prince of Dublin, pp. 41, 206, demonstrate that the poems in which they occur could not have been written before the end of the ninth century, as will appear from a subsequent part of this Introduction. The writer of the poem, at p. 134, says that he had found the history of the race of Niall in books where Benean's faithful hand had traced it, making it as plain as language can, that the writer composed his poem founded upon previous books of which Benean was author. The allusions to Benean at pp. 155, 168, 178, all are to the like effect; that at p. 168 speaks of Benean as having inculcated the matter in his day, i. e., as if he were then dead; and that at p. 178, when it alleges that a Latin scholar had fully observed the right, must mean, either that Benean had composed his book in Latin, or that some other Latin scholar had intervened, and written on the subject in Latin. The language of the poem which commences at p. 204, is remark- able; viz., that "Benean related the right of the king of Laighin ; in the decision of an author he found it;" intimating the writer's testi- mony that Benean had recorded this right in conformity with the judgment of a previous author. Even the poem on the Galls of Atli Cliath does not purport to be written by Benean; for the writer says: '• The profits cf Alh Cliath / will not conceal, As Benean has fixed them." xii Introduction. This poem on the Galls or foreigners of Dublin, pp. 224, &c, and their conversion to Christianity by St. Patrick, may possibly have been produced about the same period of Cormac Mac Cuileannain, though it is difficult to believe that it was allowed to be transcribed into the Sal- tair Chaisil by Cormac and his secretary, who, living so near the period of the first Northman or Danish settlement in Dublin, could not be Supposed to lend their authority to such a story. It is much more likely that this poem was written and circulated at a much later period, when the Christian Danes refused to submit to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction or authority of Armagh; and when it was found useful by the Danish party to have it believed that their ancestors had been settled in Dublin as early as the fifth century, and converted to Christianity by St. Patrick, immediately after his having cursed Teamhair or Tara. The Danes of Dublin, on that occasion, placed themselves under Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury ; and the jea- lousy that existed between the two races at that period is manifest from the letter addressed to Ealph, Archbishop of Canterbury, by the clergy and burgesses of Dublin, published by Ussher (Syllog. No. 40), in which they tell him that the bishops of Ireland, and most of all the one who resided at Armagh, entertained a very great jealousy against them. " Sciatis vos revera, quod Episcopi Hibernia? maximum zelum erga nos habent et maxime ille Episcopus qui habitat Ardimacha?; quia nos nolumus obedire ordinationi* sed semper sub vestro dominio esse volumus." How early this Iberno-Danish figment was copied, as an authentic document, into the historical books of the nation, it is now difficult to determine, but it is quite obvious it had found its way into Leahhar na (j-Ceart long before the period of the compilation of the Books of Leacan and Ballymote, for it had been interpolated in the MSS. from which the copies as they now stand were made. This fiction also attempts to pull down the veneration for the Ne- Introduction. xiii potes Neill, by making St. Patrick curse the monarch of that race, from which it looks probable that some of the rival race of Oilioll Olum had a hand in the production of it; for it certainly was intended to raise the dignity of Caiseal above that of Teamhair, and to exalt the race of Oilioll Olum above that of Conn of the Hundred Battles. As this controversy respecting the claims of the northern and southern Irish kings to supremacy and renown gave origin to a great number of Irish poems by Tadhg Mac Daire (Teige Mac Dary) and the Mini- ster poets, which were replied to by Lughaidh O'Clerigh (Lewy O'Clery) and the northern literati, the Editor will offer a few thoughts on the subject in this place. See O'Reilly's Irish Writers, p. 149, un- der the year 1600. Dr. O'Brien appears, from various notices throughout his Irish Dic- tionary, to have thought that the race of Oilioll Olum never submitted to the race of Conn of the Hundred Battles ; for he speaks of Conn him- self, and of his grandson Cormac, and even of Flann Sionna, who de- feated Cormac mac Cuileannain in 908, as kings of Meath, and of the two northern provinces. But in this and other respects Dr. O'Brien has been led to make assertions relative to the Irish monarchs which cannot stand the test of true criticism, for though it must be acknowledged that the Irish monarchs had little influence in Leath Mhogha, or the southern half of Ireland, still we must believe that, since the introduction of Christianity the Irish monarchs were princi- pally of the race of Niall of the Nine Hostages, the ancestor of the O'Neills and their correlative families. In the ancient Lives of St. Patrick it is stated that when the Irish apostle came to Aileach, he predicted that sixteen of the race of Eoghan, the son of Niall, would become kings of all Ireland; and though we need not believe in this as a prediction, it is reasonable to conclude that those kings were well known and acknowledged ; and the fact is that they are mentioned and xiv Introduction. called kings of all Ireland even by the Minister writers themselves, whatever authority they may have exercised over the chieftains of Munster. Connell Mageoghegan, in his translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, gives us his idea of what was understood by " King of Ireland," in the following observation under the reign of Mael na m-Bo, ancestor of the family of Mac Murchadha of Leinster : " A. D. 1041. Dermott MacMoylenemo was king nine years. " The kings or chief monarches of Ireland were reputed and reck- oned to be absolute monarches in this manner : If he Avere of Leath Con, or Con's halfe in deale, and one province of Leath Moye, or Moy's halfe in deale, at his command, he was coumpted to be of sufficient power to be king of Taragh, or Ireland ; but if the party were of Leath Moye, if he could not command all Leath Moye and Taragh with the lordshipp thereunto belonging, and the province of Ulster or Connought (if not both), he would not be thought sufficient to be king of all Ireland. Dermott Mac Moylenemo could command Leath Moye, Meath, Connought, and Ulster; therefore, by the judgement of all, he was reputed sufficient monarch of the whole." According to the old Annals of Innisfallen none of the kings of Cai- seal or Munster attained to the monarchy of all Ireland, since the intro- duction of Christianity, except the five following : " 1. Oengus, son of Nadfraech ; 2. Eochaidh, son of Oengus, son of Nadfraech ; 3. Cathal, son of Finguine ; 4. Felim, son of Crimhthann ; 5. Brian, son of Cinn- eide." Of these the first was contemporary Avith St. Patrick, but there seems to be no authority for making him monarch of all Ireland, except this Munster chronicle, which Avas compiled in the monastery of Innis- fallen. According to the Book of Leacan, Laeghaire, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, was monarch of Ireland for thirty years after the arrival of St. Patrick, and, according to all authorities, Laeghaire was succeeded by his relative, Oilioll Molt, son of Dathi, and Oilioll was sue- Introduction. xv eeeded by Laeghaire's own son, Lughaidh, who died, according to the Annals of Tighearnach, in the year 508. After the death of Lughaidh there was an interregnum of five years, and the Munster annalist seems to have taken the opportunity of this interregnum, which was acknowledged by the UiNeill annalists, of placing the monarchical crown on the head of Eochaidh, the son of Aenghus, king of Caiseal, and making him wear it for thirteen years after 513, when Muircheartach Mor Mac Earca, the great grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages, had, according to the other annalists, mounted the throne. The kings of Caiseal appear to have put forward no claims to the monarchy of all Ireland till the year 709, when Cathal, the son of Finguine, ancestor of the family of O'Caeimh (O'KeefFe), and king of Munster, plundered the plain of Breagh or Bregia, and compelled Fearghal, the son of Maelduin, monarch of Ireland, to give him hos- tages; in consequence of which he was looked upon by his own people as monarch of Ireland till his death, which occurred in the year 742. But the northern writers do not acknowledge him as monarch, for during the period which elapsed from the year 709, when he could have had some pretension to the monarchy, till 742, the other annalists set down as monarchs of all Ireland the following : 1. Fearghal, son of Maelduin, who died, according to Tighear- nach, on Friday, the lGth of December, 722. 2. Fogartach, son of Niall, who was monarch of Ireland for one year and some months. 3. Cinaeth, son of Irgalach, who was monarch of Ireland three years. 4. Flaithbheartach, son of Loingseach, seven years. 5. Aedh Ollan, son of Fearghal, nine years. From the death of Cathal, the son of Finguine, the Munster histo- rians claim no monarch of all Ireland down to the year 840, when Feidhlimidh (Felimy), the son of Crimhthann, king of Munster, and XVI Introduction. Niall, the son of Aedh, monarch of Ireland, had a meeting at Cluain- Fearta Brennain (Clonfert) in Connacht, where the monarch submitted to Feidhlimidh (Felimy), who was considered, at least by his own people of Munster, monarch of Ireland from that period till his death, ■which occurred in 847 f - From this year, however, the kings of Caiseal had no pretensions to the monarchy till the year 1002, when the great Brian Borumha mounted the throne of Ireland. Mr. Moore, however, will not allow any monarch of all Ireland to the race of Eibhear, or the people of Leath Mhogha, or Munster, from the time of St. Patrick till the accession of Brian in 1002. This f Mac Curtin, in his Brief Discourse in Vindieatkm of the Antiquity of Ireland, p. 175, asserts that this Feidhlimidh was not king of Ireland, as Cambrensis erro- neously styles him, in his History of Ire- land, but that he was king of Munster for twenty-seven years. But Mac Curtin should have known that this should not have been attributed as an error to Cambrensis, as the older Munster annalists mention Feidhlimidh as one of the five Munster kings who obtained the monarchy of all Ireland, subsequently to the introduction of Christianity ; and it is quite evident from Mac Curtin's own account of Feidh- limidh's regal visitation of the provinces of Connacht, Ulster, Meath, and Leinster, to whose kings he made the usual mo- narchical presents, and from whom he received the entertainments due to the Irish monarchs, that he was considered the apo pij, or sole monarch of all Ireland. Mac Curtin's remark, that his progress through Ireland "had success upon ac- count of the union and amity the Irish princes had among themselves at this time," is beneath criticism ; for it is distinctly stated in the old Annals of Innisfallen, that Feidhlimidh, the son of Crimhthann, re- ceived homage from Niall, the son of Aedh, king of Teamhair, in the year 824 (a mis- take for 840), when Feidhlimidh became full king of Ireland, and sat in the seat of the abbots of Cluain Fearta (Clonfert) ; and in an Irish poein purporting to give a regular account of Feidhlimidh's circuit through Ireland, it is distinctly stated that he remained half a year in the plain of the River Finn, plundering the Cineal Chonaill, and that he also plundered Dal Riada and Dal Araidhe, and that he remained a whole year at Ard Macha, during which he preach- ed to the people every Sunday. The words of Giraldus are as follows : " Igitvr a tempore Felmidii Regis, et obitu Turgesii, vsque ad tempus I'otherici : Conactia? regnum durauit (Qui vltimus de hac gente monarcha fuit, & vsque hodie Conactia; prsesidet: Cuius etiam tempore, et per quern Rex Lageniae Dermitius scilicet Murchardi filius, a regno expulsus fuerat) septendecim Reges in Hibernia reg- nauerunt." — Topographia Hibernice, Dist. iii. c. 44. Introduction. xvii is a fact on which he frequently and emphatically speaks. See espe- cially his History of Ireland, vol. ii. pp. 142, 143. It is probable that the tributes paid to the Irish monarchs and provincial kings remained nearly the same as those described in the present form of Leabhar na g-Ceart till the destruction of the Irish monarchy- After the English invasion, the power of the provincial kings was very much limited ; the great Anglo-Norman families im- posed various tributes unknown to the ancient Irish, and in course of time the Irish chieftains who retained their power began to imitate them, and the old order of the country was disturbed and broken. Of this kind of exaction the following is quoted by Dr. 0' Conor, from an Irish MS. preserved in the Library of the Duke of Bucking- ham at Stowe, Codex iii. fol. 28. Stowe Catalogue, p. 168. It appears to have been taken from a poem by Torna O'Maelchonaire, chief poet of Connacht, who attended at the inauguration of Feidhlimidh CConcho- bhair on the hill of Cara Frasigh, A. D. 1315. " Qp iao po imoppo cuapapcail na pig-caoireac 6 Lla Conchobaip .i. od pp. beag mapc, acup oa pp. oeaj caopa i m-6eallcuine do mhajjj Oipeachcuij; oa pp. oeaj mapc, acup od pp. oeaj cope ja- cha Sarhna 66, acup a e-cabac a h-UBall. Ddpcjc. oeaj loil^each, acupod^. Oeaj caopa i m-6eallcuine o' O PionOaceaig ; Oct pp. oeag cope, acup od pp. oeag mane jacha Sarhna oo, acup a c-cabac a £uijnib Connachc bo. Xia pp. oea£ loil^ioch, acup od pp. oea-r caopa o' O TTIaoilbpenumn jacha 6eallcuine; oo pp. oeajjj mapc acup od;tx. cea^ cope gacha Sarhna 66, acup a c-cabac a Cip Piach- pac acup a Oviil Cndrha acup a Chuil Cheapnarha 66. Xia pp. oeag loil^each acup od pp. oeaj caopa ftheallcaine oo Lla piannagdin, acup od pp. oea^ mapc acup od pp. osaj cope jacha Sarhna 66, acup a c-cabach a Op Gmaljaio acup a h-loppup. " These are the stipends of the royal chieftains of Connacht from b xviii Introduction. O'Conchobhair [O'Conor], i. e. twelve score beeves*, and twelve score sheep on May-day to Mac Oireachtaigh [Mageraghty] ; twelve score beeves and twelve score hogs to himself [O'Conor] every AllhalloAvtide, and these are levied from Ubhall h . Twelve score milch cows', and twelve score sheep on May-day to O'Fionnachtaigh ; twelve score hogs and twelve score beeves every Allhallowtide to himself, and these are levied for him from Lnighne Chonnacht [Leyny]. Twelve score milch cows and twelve score sheep to O'Maoilbhrenuinn [Mnlrenin] every May-day; twelve score beeves and twelve score hogs every Allhallow- tide to himself, and these are levied for him from Tir Fhiachrach [Tireragh], and from Cuil Cnamha k , and from CuilCearnamha. Twelve score milch cows and twelve score sheep on May-day to OTlannagain; and twelve score beeves and twelve score hogs every Allhallowtide to himself, and these are levied in Tir-Amhalghaidh [Tirawley] and in lrrns [Erris]." It will be seen by comparing the stipends and tributes in this ex- tract with the two poems printed infra, p. 99 to 111, and from 113 to 1 17. that the tributes and stipends paid by these territories do not at all agree; and it is, therefore, evident that they were remodelled after the English invasion. The subsidy mentioned in the tract on Di Maine, preserved in the Book of Leacan, as paid by the king of Connacht to the chief of Ui Maine, will also appear to have belonged to a later period, for, accord- ing to that Tract (see Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, p. 93), the king s Twelve scorebeeves.—T>T O'Conor trans- ' Milch- Cows. — Dr. O'Conor renders lutes this •• fifty cows and fifty sheep." but this sucking calves, but without any au- t>a pp. oeng is not fifty, but Oct picic thority. Dear. i. e. twelve score, i. e. two hundred k Cuil-Cnamha. a district in the east of and forty. the barony of Tireragh, in the county of 6 Ubliall. recti Vmhall. see page 98, SMgo, comprising the parish of Dromard. note ' ifn). See Ui Fiachrach, pp. 265, 4-24. Introduction. xix of l'i Maine is entitled to ten steeds, ten foreigners [slaves], ten stan- dards, and ten mantles [niatals] ; whereas, according to Leabhar na g-Ceeui, ut infra, p. 115, he was entitled only to -even, cloaks, -even horses, seven hounds, and seven red tunics. TDli^io pi£ h-Ua niaine, an mal. oech n-eic, cap paeb ppocaib pal, oech n-gode, pe gnim pepji a 5 pum, oech triepji ocup oech macail. [11 Maine, p. 92. Some curious specimens of these remodelled exactions are given by Mr. Hardiman in his Irish Deeds, published in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xv., Xos. xiv. and xv., with the Rentals of O'Brien and Mac Namara, in the fourteenth century, and No. xxix., detailing some exactions of Mac Carthy More. The lasl Earl of Desmond seems to have raised these tributes and exactions to a most exorbitant extent, as appears by a list of his '• rents, victuals, and other revenues," in a MS. at Lambeth, Carew Collection, No. 617, p. 212. The same collection, No. 611, contains a list of "services and duties due to Mac Cartie More from Sir Owen O'Sullevan." More of these Irish exactions will be found detailed in the will of Domhnall O'Galchobhair, who was steward to Hugh Roe O'Donnell, who died in Spain, in the year 1602; and in a paper MS. in Marsh's Library, Class V., 3, Tab. 2. No. 20, which gives a list of the rents, services, customs, &c, due to O'Duinn (O'Doyne, now Dunne), chief of Iregan, in the Queen's County, and in various Inquisitions, amongst the most curious of which is one taken "apud the King's ould castle in the city of Cork, decimo septimo die Octobris, 1636, coram Willielnmm Fenton et alios," in which the rents and customs due to Daniel Mac Carty, of Kilbrittan, alias Mac Carty Reogh, then lately deceased, are minutely 1.2 xx Introduction. detailed. The following account of the duties and customs of East Breifny, furnished to Her Majesty's Commissioners at Cavan, by Sir John O'Reilly, on the 1st of April, 1585, will afford a fair specimen of modern Ilibemia Anglicana exactions. It is preserved in the Carew Collection at Lambeth, No. 614, p. 162. " By Her Majesty's Commissioners at Cavan, the 1st of Apriell, 1585. " Sir John O'Reily sett down the limites of your territories, and the baronies accordinge the new Indentures. " Item what rents, duties, and customs you ought to have out of every pole in the five baronies," &c. To the second of these questions he replies : "The Dewties and Customes, &c. " Orely by auncient custom and usadge of the country had always out of the baronies of the Cavan and Tullaghgarvy, and out of every of the other thre barronies which he hath lost by the division, yearly out of every barrony xlv. li. [i. e. £45], as often as he had any cause to cesse the said barronies, either for the Queene's rents and dewties, or for any charge towards Onele, or other matter, which sometimes was twise or thrise a yeare, and every time xlv. li. to his owne use, besides the charge of the cesse. " Item, he had lykewise by the said custome and usadge all manner of chargis that either his son, or any other of his men or followers, weare put into by reson of their beinge in pledge or attendinge by com- mandment of the Lord Deputy in Dublin, or otherwhere for matter of the said Orely. " Item, by the said custom Orely had all manner of fees and pen- sions, and recompenses given by the said Orely to any learned counsell or other solicitor or agent for the cause of the contry, borne and payed by the said contry. Introduction. xxi " Item, by the said custom Orely had yearely over and beside all other dewtis and customes towards his chargis in going to Dublin out of every pole, xvi d . star. " Item, by the said custom he had yearely out of every viii. pooles of lande through the whole fyve barronis, one fatt beef for the spendinge of his house. " Item, by the said custom he had one horse for himselfe, one horse for his wife, and one horse for his son and heir, with one boye attend- inge uppon every horse kept through the whole fyve barronis yearely. "Item, by the said custom it was lawfull for Orely to cesse uppon the Mac Bradis, the Mac Enroes, the Gones, and the Jordans, by the space of iii. quarters of a yeare yearely, one foteman uppon every poole which the said sirnames had, to kepe his cattell, to repe and bynd his come, to thrashe, hedge and diche, and do other husbandry and mer- sanary work for the said Oreley. " Item, by the said custom the said Orely had upon the Bradis, the Gones, the Mac Enroes, and the Jordans, out of every poole of land yearely, thre quarters of a fatt beefe, and out of every tw r o pooles one fatt porke, and also the cessinge of strangers, their men and horses, as often as any did come in frendship to the country. "Item, by the said custom the said Orely had by dewty all manner of chardgis both for workmen rofe and laborers and victualls for the buildinge and maintaininge of his castell of the Cavan and all other necessary romes and offices about the same, borne and payed by the gentill and others of the barrony of the Cavan. " The dewtis of the towne of the Cavan also by the said custom, as rents, dringk, and other dewtis now takin and not denied. "Item, Sir Hugh Oreley, father unto the said Sir John, had in morgadge from divers of the gentill of Clonmahon xlviii. pooles in Gawne, 1. mylche ky-ne w cU morgage discended upon Sir John, and he xxii Introduction. was seised of the said xlviii. pooles untill the divission, which he desi- reth to continue possession of or els that he may be payed the said 1. milche kyne." Of the Saltair Chaisil. The Psalter of Caiseal is particularly referred to in the Bonk of Rights as the work in which St. Beneau entered the traditional history of the tributes of the kings of M mister : 6enen — beanoachc pop in n-jen, oo pao po a Salcaip Chcnpil, peancup each pi£ lp a pach, lp oeuch imcheic cip lllumcm. — Infra, p. 52. This passage occurs in a poem which we may take to have been the composition of Sealbach and Aenghus, to which Corinac Mac Cuileannain adds his approval, recording his direction that his secre- tary and scribe should preserve the privileges of Munster as Benean had left them. In another part of the poem the same document is evidently referred to under the name of the Psalter of the God of Purity, in which it was found that Benean remained at Caiseal from Shrovetide to Easter. — p. 60. There is another entry in our work, in an addition to the prose in the copy contained in the Book of Baile an Mhuta, alleging that the Psalter of Caiseal had said that Benean sang or wrote the song which follows: " hoc carmen nt Psalterium Caisil dixit." p. 238. It is clearly a mistake to attribute that poem, at least in its present state, to Be- nean; but it is not clear what particular document the writer of the prose meant to designate as the Psalterium Caisil. Therefore we proceed to lay before the reader some information Introduction. xxm respecting the Psalter or Psalters so called ; and this may seem the more requisite, as we have already, in giving the grounds for believing that Beuean or Benignus framed the original Book of Rights, shown a most ancient testimony, proving that he commenced and composed a Psalterium Casselense, in which the rights, or jura, of the Irish mo- narchs, &c, were stated: see Colgan's extracts from the Latin Life of Benignus, quoted above, p. v. It is remarkable that Colgan, who had that notice in the Life of Benignus before him, takes no notice of it, but in another place (Trias Tkaum., p. 205), ascribes the writing or compiling of the Psalterium Cas- « liaise to Cormac Mac Cuileannain. His words are as follows: " S. Cormacus Rex Momonia?, Archiepiscopus Casselensis, et mar- tyr, qui in patriis nostris annalibus peritissimus Scotorum appellatur, scripsit de Genealogia, Sanctorum Hibernia?, lib. i., et, de Regibus aliis- que antiquitatibus ejusdem, nobile opus quod Psalterium Cassellense appellatur, et in magno semper habetur pretio. Passus est S. Corma- cus an 903, vel ut alii 908." Keating, in his History of Ireland, Hali- day's edition, Preface, p. xcvi., makes a like allegation in a passage which we shall presently cite. Notwithstanding this testimony of Keating and Colgan, who seem to have been well acquainted with the literary monuments of their native country, we are informed by Council Mageoghegan, in the dedi- cation of his translation of the " Annals of Clonmacnoise" to Terence; Coghlan, dated April 20th, 1627, that the ''Psalter of Cashel" was compiled by the order of the great Irish monarch, Brian Borumha. His words are: " Kinge Bryen seeinge into what rudeness the kingdome was fallen, alter setting himself in the quiet government thereof, and restored cadi one to his auncient patrimonve, and repaired their churches and houses of religion, he caused open schools to be kept in the several xxiv Introduction. parishes, to instruct their youth, which by the said warres were growen rude and altogether illiterate. He assembled together all the nobilitie of ihe kingdome, as well spirituall as temporall, to Cashed in Minister, and caused them to compose a booke, containing all the inhabitations, events, and septs that lived in this land, from the first peopleing and inhabitation and discoverye thereof, after the creation of the world, un- till that present time, which booke they caused to be called by the name of the Psalter of Cashell; signed it with his owne hand, toge- ther with the hands of the kings of the five provinces, and also with the hands of all the bishoppes and prelates of the kingdome ; caused several copies thereof to be given to the kinges of the provinces, with strict charge that there should be no credit given to any other chro- nicles thenceforth, but should be held as false, disannulled, and quite forbidden for ever. " Since which time there were many scepts in the kingdome that lived by itt, and whose profession was to chronicle and keep in memo- rie the state of the kingdome, as well for the time past, present, and to come; and now, because they cannot enjoy that respect again by their said profession, as heretofore they and their auncestors received, they sett nought by the said knowledge, neglect their bookes, and choose rather to putt their children to learn English than their own native language; insomuch that some taylors do cutt with their scis- sars the leaves of the said bookes which were [once] held in greate account, and sleice them in long peeces to make measures of, so that the posterities are like to fall into grose ignorance of any things which happened before their time." Now these accounts look rather conflicting, but the probability is that they are all true: i. e. that St. Benean commenced the Psalter; that Cormac continued it down to his own time, and remodelled the Book of Rights so as to state the tributes and stipends of the country, as they Introduction. XXV then stood; or, to use the words of our text (pp. 107, 169, 190), map ucu ; and that King Brian had a further continuation framed to his time. It cannot be proved that the prose introductions in the present work were composed when King Brian compiled his Psalter; but they must have been written not very far from his time ; for it is plain that they were composed long after the poems of Cormac's day, to which they are prefixed, and there is every reason to believe from the entire context, that they were written before the Anglo-Norman invasion, and while the Northern Galls were masters of Dublin. Keating, and others of his day, whom we shall presently cite, men- tion the Psalter of Caiseal and the Book of Eights as separate works ; but we must recollect that the Book of Eights stood separate in the MSS. from which we print it, and no doubt in other MSS., some centu- ries before his time. The Psalter of Caiseal is constantly referred to by the Irish writers of the seventeenth century as the work of Cormac Mac Cuileannain, and as then extant. Keating (iibi supra) mentions it as the first and most important of the historical books extant in his time. The follow- ing are his words : k ' Gjup an m£ib a Beanup pe peancup Gipeann lp inmeapca 50 paib bapancariiail, 00 bpij 50 n-glancaoi 1 b-Peip Ceuinpac juc rpeup bliaoain e, do lucuip uaiple, ea^laipe, ujup olluriian Gipeann. 6106 a piubnuipe pin ap na ppimleubpuib po plop ard pe na B-paicpin pop 1 n-Gipmn, map aca, falcuip Chaipil, bo pcpioB Copmac naorii- ra ITluc Cuileannain, pij oa coigeao Hlunmn a 5 u P cupb-eappoj Chaipil; CeaBap Gpbu fTlaca; CeaBap Chluana h-Gioneuc Pionn- cain, 1 fAioijip, Sulcaip nn Rann, 00 pcpiob Oonjup Cede t)e ; teuBap ^hliiine t)u f,oc; CeaBap nci 5-Ceupc, 00 pcpfoB 6enen niioiiicu ni'ic Seipjnein; Uibip Chiapam, 00 pjpioBub 1 5-Cluain rinc Noip; 6eaBap 6uibe miioling; ajup f -euBap Dub mholaju." xxvi Introduction. Wliicli may be translated as follows : " As to what belongs to the history of Ireland, it should be consi- dered that it is authentic, because it used to be purged at the Feis Teamhrach every third year, in the presence of the nobility, clergy, and ollamhs ; in evidence of which remain the following chief books, which are still to be seen in Ireland, viz. : Saltair Chaisil, written by the holy Cormac Mac Cuileannain, king of the two provinces of Munster, and Archbishop of Caiseal ; the Book of Ard Macha (Armagh); the Book of Cluain Eidhneach Fionntain, in Laeighis ; Saltair na Rann, written by Aenghus Ceile De; the Book of Gleann Da Loch; Leabhar na g-Ceart, written by the holy Benean, son of Sesgnean; Uidhir Chia- rain, which was written at Cluain mic Nois; Leabhar Buidhe Mholing; and Leabhar Dubh Mholaga." Doctor John Lynch, who was contemporary with Keating, men- tions these books in a different order, in his translation of Keating's History of Ireland: " Haec cum ita sint, et insignium etiam exterorum authorum testi- moniis comprobata, si vel leviter ad ea aspicerent recentiores Angli authores, amplain profeeto bene potius quam male de Hibernis lo- quendi ansam haberent; et quidem amplissimam, sidomestieaHilxTiiia? documenta legerent, et intelligerent, fidem enim ilia exigunt indubita- tam, quandoquidem tertio quoquo anno in Comitiis Teamorensibus a regni proceribus, prgesulibus, et literatis accurate excuterentur. Ilia quidem post Catholicam fidem ab insula susceptam, episcoporum custo- dia? tradebantur. Et sunt sequentes libri etiamnum extantes : Liber Armachauus'jPsalteriumCasselense, a sanctoCormacoCulenano, utrius- ' Liber Armachanus. — It is doubtful contains only some notices of the life of whether this is the MS. now called the Si. Patrick, and which was called Canoin Book of Armagh, which could scarely he Phadruig by the Irish. It was probably called a ppirhleub> ip peancupu, as it a historical Manuscript of the same sort as iSHESTNUT HJL/.. Introduction. XXVll que MomonisE Rege, Cassiliasque Archiepiscopo conscriptum : Liber Nuachongbhala™ ; Liber Cluain Egnach Fintoni" in Lesia ; Psalterium Rithmorum Aengi cognomento Dei familiaris, sive Colideus, (Clonjup Cede De); Liber GlindalochensisP ; Liber per Sanctum Benignum Seisgneui filium, confectus, inscriptus Jurium Liber'i (f.eaBap na 5-Ceapc); Uioip Chiapain r Cluanmacnosise perscriptus; Liber Fla- vus de Moling s ; Liber Niger de Molagga 1 ." Sir James Ware also mentions the Psalter of Cashel (in his Irish Writers, at Cormac Mac Cuileannain, and in his Archbishops of Cashel, at Cormac), as extant in his time, and held in high esteem; and adds that he had some genealogical collections which had been extracted from it about three centuries before his time. Lhwyd, Nicholson, and Dr. O'Conor (Epist. Nunc. p. 65), have all mentioned that there is a part of the Psalter of Cashel in an old Leabhar na h-Uidhri, or the Annals of Clonmaenoise. 111 Liber Nuachongbhala. — There are at least six churches of this name in Ireland, one in Mayo, one in Westmeath, one in Londonderry, one in Clare, one in Cork, and we are informed by Colgan that it was the ancient name of "Navau,"in the county ofMeath. Nothing, however, remains, or at least is known to the Editor, to tell which of these places the book belonged to, or what became of it. " Liber Cluain Egnach Fintoni, i. e. the " Book of Clonenagh," a monastery near Mountrath, in the Queen's county, erected by St. Fintan. Keating elsewhere calls this the Annals of Cluain Eidhneach, and gives a long quotation from it, which treats of the Synod of Bath Breasail, and L'.ives tlie boundaries of the Irish dioceses as established by that Synod. This MS., which was one of great importance, is now unknown. Psalterium Rithmorum A copy of this, on vellum, is preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. I' Liber Glindalochensis A consider- able fragment of this MS. is now preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. n Jurium Liber Tin's is the 6eab))(ip na j-Ceapc, now for the first time printed. r Uidhir Chiarain, now called Leabhar na h-Uidhri. A considerable fragment of this MS., in the handwriting of Maelmuire, son of Celiochair Mac Cuinn na m-Bocht, is now preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy. s Liber Flavus de Moling. The Yellow Book of St. Moling is now unknown. 1 Liber Niger 00 liv Introduction. bpome rpo^ain .1. ralarh po coiprip. Cpoj^an bin ainm bo cdlarii," i.e. "the begining of Foghamhar, i.e. in it Troghan brings forth, i. e. the earth under fruits. Troghan, then, is a name for the earth." In the Book of Lismore, in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, (fol. 189, a) mip cpojcnn is explained, Cujnapa, Lammas. In Cormac's Glossary (as we have already intimated), eppac, the spring, is explained upujab, i. e. refreshing, and derived from the Latin ver; but it is much more like the Greek 'U% sccpos. Sampan is thus explained in Cormac's Glossary: " Sampab, quapi path ip inb 6bpa pol lp in 6aicm unbe bicicup Sampon .1. pol eopum. Sampab oin .1. piao picep 3r ,an 5 1 T unb a P mo bo [c]aicne a poillpe acup a h-aipoe, i. e. Samhradh, quasi samh in the Hebrew, which is sol in the Latin, unde dicitur Samson, i. e. Sol eorum. Samhradh, then, a riadh, i. e. a course which the sun runs, and it is in it that its light and its height are the most resplendent." In O'Clery's Glossary, the monosyllable samh is explained by Sam- pao, summer. It is clearly the same word as summer. In the same Glossary the harvest is defined as the name of the last month, oo'n mip bei^enaij po h-ainmnijeao, and derived quapi Po- £amup .1. pora mip n-^aim, the foundation of the month of Gamh or November. It has a close resemblance to, and perhaps the same origin as, the Greek onaipx, for if we prefix the digamma, and aspirate the w, we have Foipapct. This, and the relationship of e«p, e#gos with eappuc, have never been remarked before. In Cormac's Glossary, Geimhredh, winter, is conjectured to be from the Greek Gamos (Tcifios), and this conjecture is attempted to be strengthened by the remark, "hide [in eo] veteres mulieres duxeriint /" In the same Glossary, voce Cpoicenn, as well as in O'Clery's, the mono- syllable 5am is explained hiems, jeimpeao, and it is quite evident that this, or geirh, is the primitive form of the word, and it is cognate with I ii traduction. lv the Welsh gauaf, the Greek %sificc, and the Latin hjems. Tlie proba- bility, therefore, is, that the terminations radh or readh, added to the simple samh and , the ter- mination of active participles, or progressive active nouns. The eclips- ing consonants are also equally necessary to the sense, for when they are omitted, the sense is sometimes so obscured that the meaning can only be guessed at, or discovered by investigation too troublesome to impose at all times on a reader. geasa agus buaoha Ribgh eipeaNN. geasa agus buaoha pfogh eireeaNR ^6QSQ -] upjapca pig 6penb -\ pig na cuiceao annpo pip. Seachc n-upjapca pij h-6pino anopo .1. Uupcbail 5peni paip ina I0151 1 lTluij 1 Uheampach; cuplaim* Cheacaine 1 TTluij 6peag; lmcheachc TTIuiji Cuillino lap pumeao n-jpene; plaioi a each 3 1 Pan 4 -chomatp ; ceachc 01a fflaipc pop Ueaehpa 5 chuaipcepc; bpoineach 6 pop beachpa in Cuan lap m-6eall- raine 7 ; plichc pluaij pop Gch Dlaijne [in TTlaipc] lap Samuin 8 . Ci peachc m-buaoa: lapc 6omoi [oa comailc]; piao 6uibniji; meap TManano ; ppaechmeap 6pij Ceichi 9 ; bipop 6popnaioi; uipce ehobaip Oilachr- 5a; milpao Maipi 10 : h-i Calaino Quguipc oo poichoip pin uili oo pig Ueampach. Gn bliaoam 1 cemleao m&pin ni cheijeao 1 n-ai- peam paegail bo 11 1 lp piam no moijeao ap cac lear. Coic upgapca pij £aigean anopo .1. Uaipmchell Ceraine pop Uuaich ^aijean pop ruaichbeal; coo- 1 The numerals refer to the various readings, which will be found at the end of the work. a Of the provinces cuiceao. This Now only four provinces are recognised, word literally means a fifth part, and is and still CU15 cuiceao na h-Gipeann translated Quintana by O'Flaherty in his is a common expression to denote all Ireland. Ogygia, p. 24, but it came to denote a b Magh Teamhrach This should be, province in Ireland, from the fact that that at Teamhair, as in the poem. kingdom was anciently divided into five c Left-hand-wise ruaichbeal, i. e . great divisions. See Keating's History of sinistrorsum. See Toland's Critical His- Ireland, Haliday's edition, p. 123-145. tory of the Celtic Religion, p. 143, where THE RESTRICTIONS AND PREROGATIVES OF THE KINGS OF EIRE. The restrictions and prohibitions of the king of Eire (Ireland), and of the kings of the provinces 3 down here. Seven are the " urgharta" (prohibitions) of the king of Eire, i.e. : The sun to rise upon him on his bed in Magh Teamhrach 1 ' ; to alight on Wednesday in Magh Breagh; to traverse Magh Cuillinn after sun- set; to incite his horse at Fan-chomair; to go on Tuesday against north Teabhtha (Tenia) ; to go in a ship upon the water the Monday after Bealltaine (May- day); [to leave] the track of his army upon Ath Maighne the Tuesday after Samhain (All-Hallows). His seven " buadha" (prerogatives): The fish of the Boinn (Boyne) to eat; the deer of Luibneach; the fruit of Manann (Mann); the heath-fruit of Brigh Leithe; the cresses of the Brosnach ; the water of the well of Tlachtgha ; the venison of Nas (Naas). On the calends of August all these things reached the king of Teamhair (Tara). The year in which he used to eat of these was not reckoned as life spent, and he was wont to rout his enemies before him on every side. The five prohibitions of the king of Laighin (Leinster) here, viz. : To go round Tuath Laighean left-hand-wise on Wednesday ; to sleep he writes : " This sanctified tour, or round, land, p. 20. In the Leabhar Brcac, fol. 126, by the south, is called Deiseal, as the un- the word CUCtlchbel is used as follows: hallowed contrary one by the north, Tua- pholl (sinistrorsum)." See also Martin's " Uai P T P a P bo ' a 'S e0 C PTC Description of the Western Islands of Scot- in a cpoich .1. ppip in carpaij B 2 4 5 ec T a a 5 u T' fructoha icip Oochpa i t)uiblinb -| a cheanb pop a leach bpajaib; popbaipi nae cpach pop muijib Cualano; lmchecc 6uain cap bealach n-Ouiblinbi; each pulach peipeab 12 6ub pai cap Hlaj lTlaip- cean. Qceac a aoa imoppo: Hleap Glmame ; piao ^ ln b' Seappaij; ol 13 ppi coinblib ciapcha i n-Dino-l^ij op 6eapba; cuipm Chualanb; cluichi Capman. Coic upjapca pijg TTUiman: Qippechc pia peip 14 Gaca £ein oo chaichim on Cuan co poili ; peip aiochi police Pojarhaip pia n-^eim ll-C-eicpechaib; popbaip nae cpach 15 pop Siuip; bal choiccpichaip lm ^abpan; opnab ban Plui^i Pemin 5a n-bochpaibi bo epceacc 00 16 . Q cuic buaoa .1. Cpob Cpuachnai la jaipm chuach; lopcao Caijean chuachja- baip; coijeabal chepca copjaip 1 Caipil 17 ; imcheacc Sleibi Cua caeca 18 lap pib bepcepc Gpenb; ceacc co pluaj lechobap 01a TTlaipc cap TTIaj n-Qilbe. Coic upjapca pij choicib n-Oilneajmacc 19 anopo .1. Cop im M Chpuachain [lap piocain] bia Samna; ceachc a m-bpuc bpic pop eoch jlap bpic 1 ppaech Cuchaib 1 n-t)al Chaip; ceachc 1 m-bannoail a Seajaip; puioi pojamuip 1 peapcaib 21 mna ITIaine ; comluch 22 pia mapcach eich leich leacl^uill in n-Qch ^jallca 53 icip oa chleich. Q choic buaoa .1. Gllab ?4 giall [a copac] a h-Oipbpean; pealj Slebi £oja ; lach- aipc" chopma cee 1 TTluij lYIuipipce; ebiuo oaipbpi 6peici bia bpuc jap puachap na Upi T3op; oal choiccpichaip ppi cuachaib Ueam- pach ic Qch G-uain 26 ; macan Ceacpariiain 1 maenmaij ace na pa oeicci pop Dapmaj 27 . lepupalem, -| lp paip boi aijet) to him was bepp [dextrorsuni], to Christ." Gonjini 1 in ni po pu cuachbel ll Geim — A part of the year among the bopum ip peo on po bo bepp 00 ancient Irish, comprising seven months. Cpipc, i. e. For it is westwards Christ's See the Introduction, face was [turned] on his cross, i.e., to- e Lent, copjjap.. — This, like the French wards the city of Jerusalem ; and it is careme, anciently caresme, seems an abbre- eastwards Longinus's face was [turned], viation of Quadragesima, as is cincirep, and what was cuachbel [siniitrorsum] "Whitsuntide, of Quinquagesima. It is ftfogh Gipecinn. 5 between the Dothair (Dodder) and the Duibhlinn, with his head in- clining to one side ; to encamp for nine days on the plains of Cualaim ; to travel the road of Duibhlinn on Monday ; to ride on a dirty, black- heeled horse across Magh Maistean. These are his " adha" (prerogatives), viz. : The fruit of Almhain ; the deer of Gleann Searraigh ; to drink with wax candles at Dinn Riogh over the Bearbha (Barrow); the ale of Cualann ; the games of Carman. The five prohibitions of the king of Mumha (Munster) : To remain to enjoy the feast of Loch Lein from one Monday to another ; to feast by night in the beginning of harvest, before Geim d , at Leitreacha ; to encamp for nine days upon the Siuir ; to hold a bor- der meeting at Gabhran ; to listen to the groans of the women of Magh Feimhin when suffering violation. His five prerogatives, i. e. : The cattle of Cruachan at the singing of the cuckoo ; to burn north Laighin (Leinster) ; to keep the obligation of Lent e at Caiseal (Cashel) ; to pass over Sliabh Cua with [a band of] fifty after pacifying the south of Eire ; to go with a greyish host on Tuesday over Magh Ailbhe. The five prohibitions of the king of the province of Oilneagmacht f (Connaught) here: To make a treaty respecting Cruachan after making peace on Samhain's day ; to go in a speckled garment on a grey speckled steed to the heath of Luchaid in Dal Chais ; to go to an assembly of women at Seaghais ; to sit in Autumn on the sepulchral mounds of the wife of Maine; to contend in running with the rider of a grey one-eyed horse at Ath Gallta, between two posts. His five prerogatives, i. e. : To take hostages first from Oirbsean ; the chase of Sliabh Lugha ; to drink hot ale in Magh Muirisce; the clothing of the oak of Breice with his cloak after a rout through the Tri Rosa; a border meeting at Ath Luain ( Athlone) with the tribes of Teamhair ; to be on Maen-mhagh on May morning, but so as that he goes not over upon Dar-mhagh. also written cap^ay 1 , which is not unlike province of Connacht, possibly the Nag- the French Cares-me. See Cormac's Glos- natse of Ptolemanis. See O'Conor, l)is- sary, voce Cincigep. sert. sec. xiii. ; Book of I.cacan, fol, 221 ; ' Oilneagmacht was the old name of the Tigheamach. ad A. I). 33. 6 J5 ea r a a 5 u r £> uc *t)ha Coic upjapea pij Ulao .1. Gachpaip "Raca 6ine icip 0501b t)al n-Qpaioe ; ecpeacc pe lua- main enjiall 58 Cinoi Saileach lap puineab n-gpeni 29 ; copouo peipi pop peoil caipb t)aipi mic Daipi 30 ; ceace 31 a mip lTlapca 1 TTIuij Choba; uipce 60 Nemm 00 ol lop Da Doipchi. CI choic buaoa .1. Cluichi Cuailnje ppi cpob m-bapc; maipi [a pluaij] pop TTlaij TTIuipcherhne; nnbpceaoala pluaijib 00 jpeap a h-Gamain TTIaichi ; pappach 32 giall co Oun Sobaipci ; h-uachap 33 Gamna TTlaici .1. pep puippi co n-ionu na ceopa ceac aiochi pia n-bul cap coicpich. ^uaj a puiji in n-Uipneach each peachemoo bliaoan -| ap cupcbail a maib: 1 ip cuma olejap be each coiceab 1 n-Gpinb. "Ro blijpeab- pom bin bo pij Ueampach pep Ueampach bo deanarh lappin, no bib peachc pij Ueampach pop Gpinb uili 1 ip ano no cheanbaijoip pij na coiceao a puioi a n-Uipneach; ba pi in chain 1 in ceanoach pin .1. buinoi ruub no bio ina lairh cacha placha inb Gpinb o'op beapg nop pacbao pin ma inab ola: ap in can no choimlibip na pij pin pep Ueampach no jleoip oala Gpinb co ceann peachc m-bliaoan cona puiglibip piaca na peicheamnapa na coiceapca co pin peip n-aili lap peachc m-bliabnaib. Ip bemin cpa 00 pijaib Gpenb bia peach- mallbip a n-geapa -| bia pacbabip a m-bua6a ni biab cuipel na cupbpoo popaib ni chicpab ceibm na caimleacca na plaich -\ ni buib- bibip upchpa aimpipi pe nochaio bliaoan 34 . Ni olij bin cuaipe no ceanoai^eacc in pill no in pai peanchaca nach piapapa aoa 1 upj- apca na pij po. v To pay for his seat at Uisneaeh This were celebrated annually on the first of name is retained to the present day, which May. See Keating's account of Uisneaeh, is that of a hill, now usually anglicized where it is added (in the words of the Usny hill, or Usnagh hill, parish of Killare, translation by Gratianus Lucius) " Census barony of Kathconrath, Westmeath. Ac- autem, qui Regi Conacia? (ut cujus impe- cording to Keating, Tuathal Teachtmhar, rio quondam Usnacha subjecta fuit) ex his monarch of Ireland, in the first century, en- nundinis provenerat, fuit, ut singuli dynast* larged the boundaries of the ancient Midhe qui ad nundinas accecissent, ad eum equum (Meath), by cutting oft' a portion of each cum paludamentis [eac 7 euppab] of the provinces, and erecting a royal pa- conferret." See also O'Flaherty's Ogygia, lace on each. According to him, King part iii. c. 56, and the Ordnance map of Tuathal erected a palace, and established the parish of Killare, on which the an- fairs or public marts at Uisneaeh, in cient remains of the hill of Uisneaeh are the Connacht portion of Meath, which shewn. For ma, qu. recti: 'ma laim. TCfojh Gijieann. 7 The five prohibitions of the king of Ulaclh (Ulster), i. e. : The horse-fair of Rath Line, among the youths of Dal Araidhe ; to listen to the fluttering of the flocks of birds of Linn Saileach after sunset; to celebrate the feast of the flesh of the bull of Daire-rnic-Daire ; to go into Magh Cobha in the month of March ; to drink of the water of Bo Neimhidh between two darknesses. His five prerogatives, i. e. : The games of Cuailgne with the assembly of the fleet ; the mus- tering of his army on the plain of Muirtheimhne ; to commence his hosting always from Eamhain Macha; to send his hostages to Dun Sobhairce; " The terror of Eamhain Macha," i. e. to feast there for three nights armed before passing over the border. To pay for his seat at Uisneach 8 every seventh year on taking his place, and this is also the right of every provincial king in Eire. After this these required of the king of Teamhair to make the feast of Teamhair h ; the kings of the provinces used to purchase their seats at Uisneach, and the purchase and price they paid was this, i. e. the " hero's ring" of red gold which each prince wore on his hand, which he used to leave in his drink- ing seat; for when these kings had eaten of the feast of Teamhair, the assemblies of Eire were dissolved for seven years, so that they pronounced no decision on debts, debtors, or disputes, till the next feast, after [the expiration of] seven years. It is certain to the kings of Eire that if they avoid their " geasa" (restrictions), and obtain their " buadha" (prerogatives), they shall meet no mischance or misfortune ; no epidemic or mortality shall occur in their reigns, and they shall not experience the decay of age for the space of ninety years. The poet or the learned historian who does not know the " adha" (preroga- tives), and " urgharta" (prohibitions) of these kings, is not entitled to visitation or to sale' [for his poetry]. h The feast of Tara peiP Cearh- does not appear to be borne out by any of nach. This is translated " comitia Te- the old Lives of St. Patrick, the authentic morenaa," by Colgan, Lynch, O'Flaherty, Irish annals, or the older manuscript ac- and others, but it is more truly rendered counts of Tara - See Petrie's History and " cena Tamrech," by Tighernach, and the Antiquities of Tara Hill, pp. 58, 59. See original compiler of the Annals of Ulster. a' so Keating's account of the Feis Teumh- All the modern writers of the history of racA, as established by the monarch Tuathal Ireland assert that the Feis Teamhrach Teachtmhar. •was celebrated every third year, but this ' Sale, ceanocujeatc, literally, traffic. s 5 ea r a a s ii r t> ua ^ a De quibup Cuan Ua Ceochan, in pai, cecinic. CI pip am iaoap in c-each, lp me in c-O Ceochan 35 laioeach ; nom leic peachao lp reach ceano u puil aipbpij na h-Gipeano. CIp acum po gebchap do eolup — na ba h-imapjo — a peachc n-a6a imao m-bpij, la peachc n-upjapca aipopij. ^ejchap peachc m-bua6a — cia beao? Do pij Uearhpach; oia coippeac bio coipcheach oo in calarh epic, bi6 cach-bua6ach caingen-jlic. tl-i Calamo Gujuipc oo'n pij do poichoip do ap each cip : meappao TTIanann monap n-jle ; acup ppaechmeap 6pij Ceichi; TTlilpab Naipi 36 ; lapc 6oinoi ; bipap 6popnai6i baioi; It alludes to the privilege which every m It will be no fiction, na ba h-imapjo, true poet enjoyed of selling his own com- which has not been fabricated by me, but positions. For a very curious reference to which has been handed down to me as this custom see the Tripartite Life of St. tested by the experience of ages. Patrick, published by Colgan, lib. iii. c. 21, n The ready earth shall be fruitful — It where it is stated that Dubhthach, chief poet was the belief among the ancient Irish, of Leinster, had sent his disciple Fiach to that when their kings acted in conformity present some poems of his composition to with the institutions of their ancestors, the princes of that province. the seasons were favourable, and that * Cuan (JLchan — See the introduc- the earth yielded its fruit in abundance ; tion. but when they violated these laws, that 1 Who closest the house. — He addresses plague, famine, and inclemency of weather the door-keeper of king Maelseachlainn were the result. See Battle of Magh Rath, (Malachy) II., at his palace of Dun na p . 100-103. sgiath (fort of the shields), near the north- ° Manann.— This is the present Irish west margin of Loch Aininn (Lough Ennel, name of the Isle of Mann, which seems to near Mullingar, Westmeath). have anciently belonged to the monarch Rfojh Gipeann. Concerning which things Cuan 0'Lochan k the sage, thus sang: O noble man who closest the house 1 , I am the O'Lochan of the poems, Let me pass by thee into the powerful house, In which is the monarch of Eire. With me will be found for him The knowledge — it will be no fiction" 1 — Of his seven prerogatives of many virtues, With the seven prohibitions of a monarch. Let the seven prerogatives be read — what harm ? For the king of Teamhair; if he observe them The ready earth shall be fruitful" for him, He shall be victorious in battle, wise of counsel. On the calends of August, to the king Were brought from each respective district, The fruits of Manann , a fine present; And the heath-fruit of Brigh Leithe p ; The venison of Nas q ; the fish of the Boinn r ; The cresses of the kindly Brosnach s ; of Ireland; but there were many places in am or ppaocoja, not the berries of Ireland so called, so that it is not abso- the heath, but bilberries or whortleberries, lutely certain that it is the Isle of Mann Some of the old Irish suppose that this, that is here referred to. and not the heath, is the shrub from which p Brigh Leithe — This was the ancient the Danes brewed a kind of beer, name of Sliabh Calraighe (Slieve Goby), q Naas, in Kildare, where the kings of situated to the west of the village of Ard- Leinster had a residence till the tenth cen- achadh ( Ardagh, in Longford), as we learn tury, the site of which is still pointed out. from the Life of Bishop Mael, (Mel) 6 Feb. r Boyne. — This well-known river has its where it is stated that Bri Leith is situa- source in Trinity well, at the foot of a hill ted between Mael's church of Ard-achadh, anciently called Sidh Neachtain, Bar. Car- and the nunnery of Druimcheo, the for- bury, Kildare. It was the chief river of mer lying on the east, and the latter on the Irish monarch's territory of Meath, and the west side of it. Colgan, Acta SS. Hib. was always celebrated for its salmon. 261. col. 2. cap. ix., sub fine. Possibly s Brosna, a well-known river which the fruit of the heath, ppaecrh ecq\ rises at Bunbrosna, Westmeath, and passes herereferredto.iswhatwenowcallppaoc- through Loch Uair (Owel), Loch Aininn 10 geapa agup buaoha uipci robaip Clacrja be 37 ; acup piao luac Cuibnibe. C^chap peachc n-jepi — ni jab, bo pij Ceampach ; bia coippeab 00 paipci pilleab 39 caca acup abgall apbpacha 39 : Sltchc pluaij in TTlaipc lap Samain cap Qc ITIaijne beapmajaip; bpuineach ap beachpa bpoine lp in 6uan lap m-6ellcaine ; ITlaipc mp, m bli£ plaich peipc, 1 Ceachpa 40 cuac juipm chuaipcepr: imcheacc lap puinneab n-jpeni TTluiji Callainb 41 cpuaib plebe Uaipplim Ceacaine — ni ceal, ni bip bo pop opuimnib 6peaj; (Ennell), to the Shannon, a short distance to the north of the town of Banagher. 1 Tlaclttgha This was the ancient name of the hill now called the Hill of Ward, which is situated near the town of Athboy, Meath. According to a vellum MS. preserved in the Library of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, H. 3, 17, p. 732, the hill of Tlachtgha is situated in that part of ancient Meath which originally belonged to Mini- ster, and in the territory of Ui Laeghaire, which, since the establishment of sur- names was the patrimonial inheritance of the family of the O'Cainnealbhains, now Quin- tans, the descendants of Laeghaire, the last Pagan monarch of Ireland. There is a remarkable earthen fort on the hill, said to have been originally erected by the mo- narch Tuathal Teachtmhar, towards the middle of the second century, where the Druids lighted their sacred fires on the eve of Samhain (All-Hallows). The well referred to in the text is at the foot of the hill, but not now remarkable for any sa- cred characteristics. >' Luibneach — This name is now ob- solete. It was applied to a place on the borders of ancient Meath and Monster. See the Book of Leacan, fol. 260, b. v Samhain Tliis is still the name for All-hallow tide, or 1st of November. It is explained by O'Clery as compounded of parh-puin, i. e. the end of Summer. " Ath Muighne — This was the ancient name of a ford on the river Eithne (Inny), parish of Mayne, Bar. Fore, Westmeath, a short distance to the west of the town of Castlepollard. It is mentioned in the An- notations of Tirechan in the Book of Ar- magh, as on the boundary between north TC105I1 Gipeann. 11 The water of the well of Tlachtgha' too ; And the swift deer of Luibneach". Let his seven restrictions be read, — no reproach. To the king of Teainhair ; if he observe them It will guard against treachery in battle, And the pollution of his high attributes. The track of an army, on the Tuesday after Samhain v Across Ath Maighne w , of fair salmons; To put ship on the water of the ships On the Monday after Bealltaine; On Tuesday a true king ought not at all to go Into the dark country of north Teabhtha x ; Or traverse, after the setting of the sun, Magh Callainny of the hard mountain ; To alight on "Wednesday — I will not conceal it — It is not lawful for him, on the hills of Breach* ; and south Teffia. x North Teabhtha In the fifth century this name was applied to the region extend- ing from the river Eithne (Inny) to Sliahh Chairbre, a wild blue mountainous district on the northern boundary of the present comity of Longford ; in later ages this terri- tory was usually called Anghaile (Annaly). The apparent reason that the monarch was prohibited from entering this territory was, because Cairbre, the brother of the monarch Laeghaire, and this his territory of North Teffia, were cursed [on Tuesday] by St. Pa- trick. • v In the prose it is called Magh Cuil- linn. This would be anglicized Moyculltn. It is difficult to decide what plain this was, ;us there is more than one place of the name in Ireland. ' Breagh — This is usually called Magh (the plain of) Breagh, and Latinized Bre- gia. It was the name of a plain in the eastern part of the ancient Meath, compris- ing, according to Keating and others, five triocha-cheds or baronies. In latter ages, as appears from the places mentioned as in this plain, it would seem that it was the country lying between Dublin and Drogh- eda, or between the river Liff'ey and the Boyne, but its exact boundaries are not de- fined in any of our authorities. Mageogh- egan states, in his translation of the An- nals of Clonmacnoise, at the year 778, that Moy Brey extended from Dublin to Bea- Iach Breck, west of Kells, and from the hill of Howth to the mountain of Slieve Fuaid in Ulster. Druimni Breagh, which means dorsa Bregia; would appear to be the name of a hilly part of this territory. In Mac Firbisigh's Genealogical work (Marquis of 12 geapct agup buaoha jpian paip b'epji 1 Cearhaip choip: plaibe a each 42 i Pan-chomaip. Cuan h-Ua Ceochan co li 43 ^.aijin co[a]pi mab bia pi, ni chelpa 44 paip a aba naio a jeapa gopm-jlana: ^eip do cuaipc, pia n-bul pop ceal, pop cuac 6aijean pop cuaic-bel; gep oo collab claine cinb lcip t)orpa acup tDuiblinb; ^eip bo popbaip — peagchap anb, nae epach pop muijib Cualanb; Drogheda's copy), p. 172, Rath ochtair C uilinn is placed l n-Opuimnib 6ped^. a The sun to rise upon him — This £e ip, fir forbidden thing, is not unlike the so- lemn injunction laid by Mahomet on his successors, that they should be at prayer before the rising of the sun. b Comar. — There are countless places of this name in Ireland, which means the con- fluence of rivers. Perhaps the place here alluded to is the place called Comar near Clonard, in the south-west of the county of East Meath. Fan-ehomair is the slope or declivity of the Comar. c Before going to heaven, i. e. while alive in this world. This expression is often used in old Irish writings, as is also £up cian CO Ciap ap ceal, which means, serus in caelum redeas, or mayest thou live long, an expression evidently translated by the Irish from the classical writers. See Horat. Lib. i. Od. n., Ovid. lib. xv. lin. 8C8, Tarda sit ilia dies, &c, and Cormac's Glossary, voce Ceal. H Tuath Laighean, the north of Laighin or Leinster. € Left-hand-wise — In Lcabhar na h- Uidhri, folio 59 (now folio 40), a. a, Ctiaicbil is used to denote northward, or to the left ; north and left are synonymous hi Irish. See above, p. 2, note c . f Dothair (fern.) Dothra — This !s the ancient Irish form of the name of the river Dodder, in the coimty of Dublin. The church of Achadh Finiche is described in the Feilire JEnguis, at 11th of May, and in the Irish calendar of the O'Clerys, as on the brink of the Dothair, in the territory of Ui Dunchadha, in Leinster— FOp bpu t)orpa i n-Llib Ounehaoa. s Duibhlinn. — This was the ancient name of that part of the river Life (Liffey) on which the city of Dublin stands. It is explained nigra; t her ma: by the author of the Life of St. Coemhghin (Kevin); so, Col- gan, " Pars enim Liffei jluminis, in cujus ripa est ipsa eivitas, Hibernis olim vocaba- tur Dubh-linn, i. e. nigricans alveus sive profundus alveus." — Trias Thaum., p. 112, n. 71. The city was and is called Ath Cliath, Ath Cliath Duibhlinne, and Baile Atlia Cliath, a name shortened into Blea Cliath. The above prohibition may have owed its origin to the fact of some king TCfojli Gipecmn. 13 The sun to rise upon him east at Teamhair* Or to incite his horse at Fan-chomair\ Cuan O'Lochan am I, of fame. Should I reach the king of Laighin, I shall not conceal from him his prerogatives, Nor his clearly-defined prohibitions. 'Tis prohibited to him to go round, before going to heaven Over north Laighin d , left- h and- wise e ; 'Tis prohibited to him to sleep with head inclined Between the Dothair f and the Duibhlinn g ; It is prohibited to him to encamp, let it be minded, For nine days on the plains of Cualann h ; of Leinster having been found dead in his bed in the district, with his neck crooked. h Cualann The situation and extent of this territory have been strangely mistaken by modern Irish writers. But we have evidences which will leave no doubt as to its exact situation, for in the Feilire jEn- guis the churches of Tigh Conaill, Tigh mic Dimmai, and Dun mor, are placed in Cualann. And in an inquisition taken at Wicklow on the 21st of April, 1G36, the limits of Fercoulen, i. e. Feara Cualann, are defined as follows : " The said Tirlagh O'Toole humbly de- sireth of his Majestie to have a certain ter- ritory of land called Fercoulen, which his ancestors had till they were expulsed by the earls of Kildare. That the said terri- tory containeth in length from Barnecullen, by east and south, and Glassyn[. . .]kie to Pollcallon by west the wind gates, viz., five miles in length and four in breadth, being the more part mountaines, woods, and rocks, and the other parte good fertile lands. Within the said territory were certain villages and craggs [recte creaghts] of old tyme, being now all desolate excepte onely Powerscourt, Killcollin, Beanaghebegge, Benaghmor, the Onenaghe, Ballycortie, Templeregan, Kilta- garrane, Cokiston, Ancrewyn, Killmollinky, Ballynbrowne, Killeger, and the Mainster." From this description of the territory of the Feara Cualann it is quite evident that it was then considered as coextensive with the half barony of Rathdown, in the north of the county of Wicklow, and adjoining the county of Dublin. Harris, in his edi- tion of Ware's work, vol. ii. p. 48, places this territory several miles out of its proper locality, for he describes it as "a territoiy in the east and maritime part of the county of Wicklow, comprehending the north parts of the barony of Arcklow, and the south of the barony of Newcastle." But Ussher, in whose time the name was still in use, places the river of Bray and Old Court in Crich Cualann [Primordia, p. 846], in which it will be observed that he is per- fectly borne out by the petition set forth in the inquisition above quoted, which was taken about the same time that he was writing his Primordia. 14 ^eapa a^up buablia jep do oul pe pluaj malle tuan rap 6elach n-'DuiBlinoi ; ^Jep do ap Hluij TTlaiprean oamuD 45 pai each palac peipeao 46 6ub: acear pin — ni oenanD pean, coic upjapca pij Caijean 47 . C-aech 5a puileaD cuic a6a pij Cai^ean lip Cabpaoa: meap Qlmaine do '5a chij; acup pia6 ^linoi Seappaij; Ol ppi comolib ciappra cai6 a n-[t)]inD-"Ri^ Do'n pi£ po jnairh, plan qiach cpiach cuamano Dinopain ; cuipm Chualann; cluicln Capmuin. Caippiul na pij paen in paich acaic cuic buaoa Dia plaich : ' Bealach Duibhlinne The road or pass of the Duibhlinn. See p. 12, note S. i The plain of Maistin, i. e. the plain around the hill of Maistin, or, as it is generally called, Mullaghmast, parish of Naraghmore, and about five miles east of the town of Athy, in Kildare. For some curious notices of events which occurred at this place, the reader is referred to Keat- ing's History of Ireland, reigns of Cormac Mac Art, and Brian Borumha; Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 1577, and Philip O'Sullivan Beare's History of the Irish Catholics, fol. 86. k The fort of Labhraidh, i. e. of Labh- raidh Loingseach, monarch of Ireland of the Lagenian race, A. M., 3682, for some stories about whom the reader is referred to Keating's History of Ireland, and O'Fla- herty's Ogygia, part in. c. 39. His fort was Dinn Riogh, vide infra, note °. 1 Almhain (Allen), a celebrated hill in the county of Kildare, situated about five miles to the north of the town of Kildare. ru Gleann Searraigh, i. e. the glen of the foal. The situation of this glen is unknown to the Editor. n Wax candles This is a curious re- ference, as it would appear that the kings of Leinster did not reside at Dinn Riogh since the period of the introduction of Chris- tianity. Dinn Riogh, i. e. the hill of the kings. This is the most ancient palace of the kings of Leinster. Keating describes Dinn Riogh as "ap bpuac 6eapba lDip Chear- aplac 1 6eic£linn, oo'n leir ciap Do'n 6heapba, i. e. on the brink of the Barrow, between Carlow and Leighlin, on the west side of the Barrow;" Keating's TCfogh Gijiecmn. I") 'Tis prohibited to him to go with a host On Monday over the Bealach Duibhlinne' ; It is prohibited to him on Magh Maistean', on any account, To ride on a dirty, black-heeled horse : These are — he shall not do them — The five things prohibited to the king of Laighin. A hero who possesses five prerogatives, Is the king of Laighin of the fort of Labhraidh k : The fruit of Almhain 1 [to be brought] to him to his house ; And the deer of Gleann Searraigh™ ; To drink by [the light of] fair wax candles" At Din Riogh is very customary to the king, Safe too is the chief of Tuaim in that [custom] ; The ale of Cualann p ; the games of Carman 9 . Caiseal of the kings, of great prosperity, Its prince has five prerogatives : Hist. Ireland, Haliday's edition, preface, pig mime i n-Dmbpig TTIaige p. 42. This place is still well known. It Clilbe hi bpuoin Cuama Cen- is situated in the townland of Ballyknockan bach ralnpUDj \ a £ a bpaiO Coinj- about a quarter of a mile to the south of rech , p 1oen mQC a , Ulla a , ne Leighlin Bridge, to the west of the River m)c c c mlc u Barrow. Nothing remains of the palace , . . moip 1 n-oigail a arap -| a penarap but a moat, measuring two hundred and .... . . . „ . ., no mapb Cobrach Coel. Cocao 6 thirty-seven yards in circumference at the ' ' base,sixty-nmefeetinheightfromthelevel ^ m e,C, P Ca, 5" iu 1 le ^ Cuino/' "CobhthachCaelbreagh, thesonofUgaine Mor, was burned together with thirty kings ... ' . ', , .. about him at Dinn Riogh of Magh Ailblie, it presents a level surface, on which the & of the river Barrow, and one hundred and thirty- five feet in diameter at the top, where in the palace of Tuaim Teanbath, by Labh- raidh Loingseach, i. e. Maen, the son of Aileall Aine, son of Laeghaire Lore, son of Ugaine Mor, in revenge of his father and grandfather, whom Cobhthach Cael had slain. A war arose from this between Leinster and Leath Chuinn." " Cobcach Coelbpej mac Llj- p Cualann See p. 13, note ", supra. aine moip OO lopcub CO epichae 1 Carman This was the name of the king of Leinster's royal house evidently stood. In a fragment of the Annals of Tigher- nach preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, Rawlinson, 502, fol. 1. b. col. 1. the following passage occurs relative to the burning of this palace : l(j 5 ea r a a 5 u r buaoha cpoo Cpuachna cui co corvjaip ; lopcao £,aijjn cuachjabaip; Caeca rap Sliab Cua na ceanb lap pichchain oepcepc 6peno; lmcheacc maiji — maich in moo, Qilbe pe pluaj leachooap; Ceabaij 1 Caipiul iap pcip co ceano caecaipi ap mip 48 cacha bliaona pop — na ceil, aciao buaoa pij Caipil. TC15 Caipil, — ip cpao 01a cheill aippeachr pe pep £aca Ce\n — o'n Cuan co poili a caichim — ip copac 01a riujlaichiB 49 : ^eip 00 aibcln poilc pia n-^eim pojariiaip il-6eirpeachaib ; popbaip nae cpach pop Siuip puam: oal choicpichaip im ^abpuam ; site now occupied by the town of Wexford. ' SHabh Cua — This was the ancient It appears from the Irish work called Dinn name of the mountain now called Cnoc Seanchus, that the kings of Leinster cele- Maeldomhnaigh, situated to the south of brated fairs, games, and sports at this place Clonmel in the county of Waterford. The from a very early period. name is still preserved, but pronounced r The cattle of Crnachan — This ob- Sliabh Gua, and now popularly applied to viously means that it would be a lucky or a district in the parish of Seskinan, in the success-insuring thing for the king of barony of Decies without Drum, lying be- Caiseal to plunder the plain of Rath Crua- tween Dungarvan and Clonmel. chan, and carry off the cattle of the king u The plain of Ailbhe, lTlajr, QilBe. of Connacht within the period during This was the name of an extensive plain in which the cuckoo sings. The Editor has Leinster, extending from the river Barrow not met anything to throw any light on the and Sliabh Mairge, to the foot of the Wick- origin of this extraordinary injunction. low mountains. From the places mention- 8 The northern Leinster, i. e. Wicklow, ed in the Irish authorities as situated in this Kildare, south Dublin, &c, and part of the plain, it is quite evident that it comprised King's County. Meath, north Dublin, &c. the northern part of the barony of Idrone, were not considered part of Leinster at this in the county of Carlow, and the baronies of period. Kilkea and Moone, in the county of Kil- Ri'ojh Gipeann. 17 The cattle of Cruachan 1 , when the cuckoo sings ; The burning of northern Laighin 8 ; By fifty attended o'er Sliabh Cua' to pass After the pacification of the south of Eire ; To cross the plain, in goodly mode, Of Ailbhe", with a light-grey host; A bed in Caiseal v , after fatigue To the end of a fortnight and a month Each year, moreover, — do not conceal it, Such are the prerogatives of the king of Caiseal. The king of Caiseal — it will embitter his feeling To wait for the feast of Loch Lein w — To stay from one Monday to another to enjoy it — It is the beginning of his last days ; 'Tis prohibited to him [to pass] a night in beginning of harvest Before Geim x at Leitreacha y ; To encamp for nine days on the silent Siuir z ; To hold a border meeting at Gabhran a ; dare. The situation of this plain is thus > Latteragh is a parish in Lower Or- described byUssher: "Campus ad ripam mond, Tipperaiy. fluvii quern Ptolemeus Birgura, nos Bar- 7 - Suir. — This celebrated river, which has row vocamus, non procul a monte Margeo its source in Sliabh Ailduin, (the Devil's positus." — Primordia, pp.936, 937. The Bit mountain,) in the county of Tipperaiy, author of the Irish poem called Laoi na unites with the Barrow and the sea about Leacht, describing the monuments of Lein- one mile below Waterford. ster, asks exultingly, "Where is there in * GabJaran (Gowran), in Kilkenny any province of Ireland a plain like Magh According to Keating, the territory of Or- Ailbhe?" mond extended as far as this place, but v A bed at Cashel, i. e. wherever the this cannot be considered as its boundary king of Munster may have his palace, it is for the last thousand years, for then the absolutely necessaiy to his prosperity and greater part of Ossory would belong to good luck, that he should sleep at Cashel Munster ; but this we cannot believe on the for six weeks every year. authority of Keating, as Ossory is described " Loch Lein. — This is still the name in the oldest Lives of St. Patrick as the of the Lake of Killarney, in the county western portion of Leinster, " Occidentalis of Kerry. Laginensium plaga." See Ussher's Prtmor- x Geim, seep. 4, note rt . dia, pp. 805, 969. But it would appear C 18 J)eapa a^up buatoha lp $ep t>o cloipceachc iap pin ppi h-opna6aij ban Peimin ica n-oochpaibi na m-ban: lnao jepi pij ffluman. TTIapaiD punb — ni puaill in pmachc, buaba lp g-eapa pij Conbachc: pi£ Conoachc — cia nach cuala ? ni bill cean bicb buaba. 6uaib ba buabaib pe 40 each m-buaio, allao 41 giall a h-Oipbpm puaip; pealg Slebi C-o ja male ; lachaipe chopma 1 VTIU15 ffluipppce ; TTlaich bo puachap na Cpi "Rop b'pacbail a bpuic ac 6eapnop lm baipbpi m-6peici m-bua6ach lp in cuaipceapc cpean cpuaoac; t)al choicpichaip urn Qch Cuain ppi eunthaib Ueampach cuach chluain: that the kings of Minister claimed jurisdic- tion over Ossory as far as Gowran, while the Ossorians, on the other hand, in right of the conquest of Magh Feimhin, made by their ancestor iEngus Osraigheach, con- tended that their country of Osraighe should comprise all the lands extending from the river Siuir to the Bearbha, and from the mountains of Sliabh Bladhma to the meeting of the Three Waters, in Water- ford harbour. But this claim was never established ; for the territory does not ap- pear to have comprised more than the pre- sent diocese of Ossory since the time of St. Patrick. See Keating, reign of Cormac Mac Airt. b Feimhin, more generally called Magh- Feimhin, was the ancient name of a plain comprising that portion of the present county of Tipperary which belongs to the diocese of Lismore. It is described as ex- tending from the river Siuir northwards to Corca Eathrach, otherwise called Machaire Chaisil, from which it is evident that it comprised the whole of the barony of IfTa and Offa east. See Colgan's Trias Thaum. p. 201 ; Heating's Histoiy of Ireland, reign of Cormac Mac Airt ; and Lanigan's Eccles. History of Ireland, vol. i. p. 282. c Oirbsean, i. e., to take the hostages of the Ui Briuin Seola, and other tribes seat- ed around Loch Oirbsean (Lough Comb in the county of Galway). d Sliabh Logha, more usually called Sliabh Lugha, a well-known mountain- ous territory in the county of Mayo, com- Piogb Gijieann. 19 'Tis prohibited to him, after this, to listen To the moans of the women of Feimhin 6 [Arising] from the violation of those women: Such are the prohibitions of the king of Mumha. Here are — not trifling the regulation, The prerogatives and prohibitions of the king of Connacht The king of Connacht, who has not heard of him ? He is not a hero without perpetual prerogatives. One of his prerogatives, which is before every prerogative, The taking of the hostages of the chilly Oirbsean ; The hunting of Sliabh Lugha d also ; The drinking of the fresh ale of Magh Muirisce e ; Good for him the rout of the Tri Rosa f , [and] To leave his cloak at Bearnas 2 Around the victorious oak of Breice' 1 In the strong, hardy north ; To hold a border meeting at Ath Luain' With the states of Teamhair of the grassy districts ; prising that part of the harony of Costello which belongs to the diocese of Achonry, viz., the parishes of Kilkelly, Kilmovee, Kil- leagh, Kilcolman, and Castlemore-Costello. c ' Muirisc, i. e. Sea plain There is a narrow plain of this name situated between the mountain of Cruach Phadraig (Croagh- patrick) and Cuan Modh (Clew Bay), in the west of the county of Mayo. It also became the name of a small abbey situated in this plain, on the margin of the bay, from which the barony of Murrisk received its name. This name was also applied to a district in the barony of Tir Fhiachrach (Tirtragh) and county of Sligo, extending from the river Easkey to Dunnacoy, and comprising the townlands of Rosslee, Cloon- nagleavragh, Alternan, Dunaltan, Bally - kilcash, Dunheakin, Dunneill, and Bally - eskeen. It is difficult to decide which of these plains is the one referred to in the text. f The three Rosses — It is difficult to de- cide what Rosses are here referred to, but the editor is of opinion that they are, either the district so called in the north, or that in the west of the county of Donegal. s Bearnas — This is evidently the re- markable gapped mountain called Barnis- more, and locally Bearnas, in the barony of Tirhugh and county of Donegal. h The oak of Breice. — The editor has discovered no other notice of this lucky tree. ' Ath Luain (Athlone), a ford on the Shannon, from which the town of Athlone has taken its name. The ford is on the boundary between Connaught and Meath. c. -1 20 ^eapa ajjup 6uat>lia maicean Ceiceamon ceac m-bla6 a niaen-ma^, na pig Dap-bao. Qcaic upgapca oo'n pij Conoachr, coimeab acip M : cop lm Chpuacham oia Samna ni h-a6a, ace lp eacapba ; lmchup pe mapcach eich leirh a n-Gch ^allca lop oa chleich ; banoal pop Seajaip co pe ; paiji 1 peapcaib mna fflaine ; CI m-bpuc bpic ni ciapcap leip a ppaecb Cuchaic in n-Dail Chaip : aciac pin ciap in each ran cuic upjapca pij Cpuachan. Cluineao pij Lllab 53 aoa oopom pe meap bo pala 54 : cluichi Cuailjne cpob m-bapc m-beo: mapi pluaij a TTluipcheThneo; J Maen-magh, a celebrated plain in the present county of Galway, comprising the lake and town of Loughrea, the townlands of Mayode and Fimnire, and all the cham- paign country around Loughrea. See Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine, p. 70, note z , and p. 130. k Dar-nihugh This isprobably the place sometimes called Darhybrian, in the moun- tain of Sliabh Echtghe, on the southern boundary of the plain of Maen-magh. 1 Cruachan. — This was the name of the ancient palace of the kings of Connaught, situated near Belanagare, in the county of Roscommon. The place is now called Rathcroghan, and contains the remains of several earthen forts. m Ath Gallta — This place was in Ui Maine, but the editor has not beep, able to identify it witli any name now in existence. n Seaghais. — This was the ancient name of the mountainous district now called Coirr-shliabh, or the Curlieu mountains, situated on the borders of the counties of Roscommon and Sligo. Fearta-mna-Maine, i. e. the grave of the wife of Maine. This monument is un- known to the. editor, unless it be the place called Tuaim mna, i. e. the tumulus of the woman, now anglicized Toomna, and situ- ated on the river Boyle, in the barony of Boyle, and county of Roscommon. p Luchuid. — This place still retains its ancient name among those who speak Irish, but it is anglicized Lowhid. It is situated near the hamlet of Toberreendoney in the barony of Inchiquin and county of Clare, and near the boundary of the barony of Rfogh Gipecmn. 21 On May morning, of first flowers. To visit Maen-maghJ, but touch not Dar-mhagh k . These are things prohibited to the king Of Connacht — let him observe them in his country ; To form a treaty concerning Cruachan 1 on Samhain's day Is not prosperity, but it is misfortune; To contend with the rider of a grey horse At Ath Gallta™, between two posts; A meeting of women at Seaghais" at all; To sit on the sepulchre of the wife of Maine" ; In a speckled cloak let him not go To the heath of LuchaidP in Dal Chais: These are at every time, in the west, The five prohibitions of the king of Cruachan. Let the king of Uladh q hear his prerogatives, To him with honour they were given: The games of Cuailgne r , [and] the assembling of his swift fleet ; The mustering of his host in Muirthemhne s ; Kilianan, in the county of Galway. Keat- allgne mountains, and the district is thus ing, — in the reign of Diarmaid Mac Fear- described: "lp amlcno aca an cip ghusa Ceirbheoil, — describes the country of pm nu pinbe .1. an aioBeip cain- the Dal Cais, which was originally a part cede cuBpac cupaoioeac -| an of Connacht, as extending from Beam tri pul-rhuip pioblac pulBopb ap Carbad to Bealach na Luchaide, and from raob 01 -\ pleibce apoa aibBpeaca Ath n.i Borumha (at Killaloe) to Leim Con- iip-aoiBne Ian bo pporaiB pionn- chulainn (Loophead). cubpaca pfop-uipce, -\ bo jleann- *i Uladh, i. e. Ulster. ettib rairneariiaca caob-uame, -| r Cuailgne — This name is still pre- no cc-,U cl b' min-ciumpaca, coih- served, but corrupted to Cuailghe, in Irish, cocpoma ap an caob edi 61." — and anglicized Cooley. It is applied to a « This district is thus situated : the noisy, mountainous district in the barony i »f Lower f roa thy, wailing sea, and the flowing fierce Dundalk, in the county of Louth. In an brine on one side of it, and lofty towering Irish story, entitled, Toruidheacht Gru- delightful mountains, full of white-foaming aidht Grian-sholuis, written by a native pure -watered streams, of delightful green- of this district, the well-known mountains sidea v;1 n c . vs , and of smooth-skirted waving of Sliabh Fidhit and Sliabh Feadha, are woods on th<' other side" distinctly mentioned as two oi these Cu ■ Muirtheimhne. — This territory com- 22 JJeccya a 5 l, f buaoho Cmopceabal pluaijio co pe do jpeap a h-Garhain TTlaichi; poppach giull — ip cian po clop, co Dun Sobaipci polop; Seoib ap cupcbail a maib a n-Uipneach lThbi mijio" in cac peachcmao 66 bliaoan bain uao bo pij Uipni£ lmlain 57 . Gcaic upgapca ana oo pi£ 59 Ulab imbana: ecpaip 59 [ille] Raca Cine 60 tap ocaib Gpaioe ; Gicpeachc pe luamain en^iull 61 Cinbi Saileach oia puin gpian ; prised that part of the present county of Louth, extending from the Cuailgne (Coo- ley) mountains to the river Boyne. Dun- dalk, Louth, Drumimsklin, now Drumiskin, Faughard, and Monasterboice are men- tioned as in this territory. See Annals of Tighernach ad arm. 1002. — Ussher's Pri- mordia, pp. 627, 705, 827, 902. This ter- ritory was also called Machaire Oirghiall, as being the level portion of the extensive country of Oirghiall, and the ancient inha- bitants were called Conaille Muirtheimhne. 1 Eamhain Maichi, more usually writ- ten Eamhaiu Macha. This was the name of the ancient palace of the kings of Ulster, from the period of Ciombaeth, its founder, who flourished, according to the accurate annalist, Tighernach, about three hundred years before Christ, till A. D. 332, when it was destroyed by the three Collas, the ancestors of the people called Oirghialla (Oriels). From this period it remained without a house till the year 1387, when Niall O'Neill, presumptive king of Ulster, erected a house within it for the entertain- ment of the literati of Ireland. Colgan, who does not appear to have ever seen this place, describes the state of the ruins of the Ultonian palace as follows, in 1647: " Emania prope Ardmacham, nunc fossis latis vestigiis murorum eminentibus, et ruderibus, pristinum redolens splendorem." — Trias Thaum. p. 6. See also O'Flaher- ty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 36. Dr.Lanigan, in his Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, vol. i. p. 314, note 135, writes: " The growth of Armagh contributed to its downfall." But this observation is quite untenable, as Emania had been deserted for a whole century before Armagh was founded. The ruins of Eamhain, or, as it is now corruptly called, the Navan fort, are to be seen about two miles to the west of Armagh, to the right of the road as you go from Armagh to Kinard or Caledon. They are well described by Dr. Stuart in his Historical Memoirs of Armagh, pp. 578, 579. TCfojli 6i]ieann. 23 The commencement of his hosting, also, Always at Eamhain Macha 1 ; The confinement of his hostages — of old 'twas heard, At Dun Sobhairce 11 the bright ; A rich gift on taking his place At Uisneach v of Meath of the mead, In every seventh goodly year, To be given by him to the rightful king of Uisneach. There are noble prohibitions To the bold king of Uladh : The horse-race of Rath Line w , also, Among the youths of Araidhe x ; To listen to the fluttering of the flocks of birds Of Linn Saileach 5 " after set of sun ; The editor examined the site of Eamhain with great care in 1835, but could not find any trace of stone walls (vestigiis muro- rum cmincntibus) there ; the earthen works, however, are very extensive, and show that it must have been a place of considerable importance. 11 Dun Sobhairce, Sobhairce's fort (Dun- severick), an insulated rock containing some fragments of the ruins of a castle, near the centre of a small bay, three miles east of the Giant's Causeway, in the county of Antrim. See Colgan, Trias Thaum., p. 182, where its situation is described as follows : " Dunsobhairce est arx maritima et longe vetusta regionis Dal Riedise, quae nomen illud a Sobarchio filio Ebrici, Rege Hibernia?, primoque arcis illius conditore circa annum mundi 3668, desumpsit, ut ex Ouatuor Magistris in annalibus, Cata- logo Regum Hibernia; Ketenno, Lib. i., et aliis passim rerum Ilibernicarum Scriptori- bus colligitur." Charles O'Conor of Bela- □agare, and all the writers on Irish topo- graphy, down to the year 1833, had assumed that Dun Sobhairce was the old name of Carrickfergus, but the editor proved, in an article in the Dublin Penny Journal, p. 361-363, May 11th, 1833, that it is the place now called Diuiseve - rick. v Uisneach See note ?, p. 6, supra. w Ruth Line. — This rath, which was otherwise called Rath mor Maighe Line, is still in existence in the plain of Magh Line (Moylinny), Lower Massareene, Antrim. See it referred to in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 680, and in the An- nals of Connaught, at 1315. * Araidhe, i. e. of Dal Araidhe, a large region in the east of Ulster, extending from Newry, in the south of the county of Down, to Sliabh Mis (Slemmish), in the barony of Lower Antrim, in the comity of Antrim. Magh Line, above described, is a portion of Dal Araidhe. It extended from Lough Neagh to near Carrickfergus. >' Linn Saileach, i. e. the pond of the sal- 24 ^eapct ct^uf buaolia copcao peipi pop peoil caipb Daipi mic t)aipi oono-jatpb ; Ueachc imp ITIapca a TTIaj Choba do pi j Ulao 62 m h-aoa ; uipci 60 o'ol — oopaib be, Merino icip oa ooipche. Gca punb ploinoceap co ceanb 62 00 chuic pijaib na h-6peano, im pij Uearhpa cuchc ica a n-aoa 'pa n-upjapca. Ni 0I15 cuaipc cuicib co ceano 62 na ollarhnachc na h-Gpeanb cacha pipi puaill nach an pili laip nach pajbaijcheap *. ITIab peapp lib pe 64 limb la beanao 65 uili aen eimna, beanaib bepeapc ap t)ia n-bil lp leop o'aoa[ib] each aen pip. Q pip. lows. This place is unknown to the edi- tor. * Daire-mic-Daire, i. e. roboretum filii Darii. This name would be anglicized Derrymacdeny or Derryvicdary, but the editor is not acquainted with any place of the name. a Uisce Bo Neimhidh, i. e. the water of the cow of Neimhidh. This name would be anglicized Uskabonevy, but there is no stream, well, or locality in Ulster at pre- sent bearing the name, and the editor has Rfogh Gijiecmn. 25 To celebrate the feast of the flesh of the bull Of Daire-inic-Daire 1 , the brown and rough ; To go in the month of March to Magh Cobha To the king of Uladh is not lucky ; To drink of the water, whence strife ensues, Of Bo Neimhidh 1 between two darknesses. Here are, let them be proclaimed boldly, To the five kings of Eire, With the king of Teamhair, through all time, Their prerogatives and prohibitions. He is not entitled boldly to make the visitation of a province, Nor to the ollamh-ship of Eire, Nor to what he asks, be it ever so trifling, The poet to whom they are unknown. If ye wish for a life of many days, Make ye all one will, Hold charity for the sake of the good God, Which is prerogative sufficient for every man. O man b , &c. never met any authority to show where in so closely written that it would not be Ulster it was situated. always easy to distinguish the end of one b O man, Q pip. — A part of the first poem from the beginning of another, with- liue is usually repeated at the end of every out some notice of this kind. It also serves separate poem. One reason evidently is to as an indication that the particular piece prevent mistake, as the vellum MSS. are is concluded. ceabhQR Na 5-ceaRU. ceabbaR Na 5-ceaRr. i._ t)ci^heat)h rci^h chaisit. [INCipiC oa £eabup na c-Ceapc moipceap oo cipaib -| cua- papclaib Gpeann ariiail po opbai^ 6enean mac Sepcnen pailm-cec- laio phuopuij, ariiail ac peb £ebap ^linne t)a taca.] X)o olijeaoaib chipc Chaipil, -| oia chfpaib, -| oia chdnaib, mo -| app, ano po pip, -| oo chuapapcalaib pij TTluman -| pij h-Gpino ap- cheana, 6 pij Caipil, in can oa pallna plaichip ino. Caipil Don caipil 1 .1. clocli Fopp a puipmibip geill, no cfp ail 1 app an ail chipa 00 bepchea 6 peapaib Gpino 06. Sio-opuim Ono ba peao a amm an maib pin ppiup. t)o pdla bin oa mucaio 1 n-aimpip Chuipc meic 6uijoeach ic cacnai^i na culcha pin, ppf pe pdichi ic meappao a muc dp ba bpuim piobaioi h-e 2 . 6abap h-e a n-anmanoa na mucaioi .1. Oupopii, mucaio pij h-Gle, -| Culapdn, mucaio pij Hlupcpaibi. Co cappap boib oealb pa glomichip 3 gpein, 1 juch binoichip meano chpoc a Cis ail, i. e. tribute rent. This deri- c Core, the son ofLughaidh — The date vation is also given in Cormac's Glossary. of his death is not given in the authentic The term Caiseal, which is the name of Irish annals, but we may form a pretty many places in Ireland, as well as of the correct idea of his period from the fait that ancient metropolis of Minister, denotes a cir- his grandson, Aengus mac Nadfraech, was cular stone fort ; and there can be little doubt slain in the year 489. that Core, king of Minister, erected a fort '' Ele — At this period the territory of of this description on the rock, when he Jik- comprised, besides the country after- changed its name from Sidh-dhruim to wards called Ely O'Carroll in the King's Caiseal. County, the present baronies of Eliogarty " Sklh dhruim, 1. e. fairy hill. and Ikerrin, in the county of Tipperary. THE BOOK OF RIGHTS. I.— THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF CAISEAL. The Book of Rights which treats of the tributes and stipends of Eire (Ireland) as Benean, son of Sescnean, the psalmist of Patrick, ordained, as the Book of Gleann-Da-Loch relates. Here follows concerning the laws of the right of Caiseal (Cashel), and of the tributes and rents given to it and by it, and of the sti- pends given to the kings of Mumha (Minister), and the other kings of Eire, by the king of Caiseal, when it is the seat of the monarchy. Caiseal [is derived] from cais-il, i. e. a stone on which they used to lay down pledges, or cis-ail*, i. e. payment of tribute, from the tribute given to it by the men of Eire. Sidh-dhruim b was the name of the place at first. It happened in the time of Corc c , the son of Lnghaidh, that two swine-herds frequented that hill for the space of a quarter of a year to feed their swine on acorns, for it was a woody hill. The names of those swine-herds were Durdru, the swine-herd of the king of Ele d , and Cularan, the swine-herd of the king of Muscraidhe e ; and there e Muscraidhe(T/iire). — This was the an- 151, 4C1, and the Feilire Aenguis, Jan. dent name of the district now comprised 5, and Oct. 27. It is stated in a letter in the baronies of Upper and Lower Or- written by Sir Charles O'Carroll to the mond, in the north of the county of Tippe- Lord Deputy, in 1585 (and now pre- rary. The church Gill Cheire (Kilkeary, served in the Lambeth Library, Carew near the town of Nenagh), and Leatracha, Collection, No. G08, fol. 15), that the name (Latteragh, about eight miles south of the Lower Ormond was then lately imposed same town), are mentioned as hi this tor- upon " Muskry-heery," by the usurpation ritory. See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, pp. of the then Earl of Ormond. 30 teabhaji laip ic beanoochao na culcha -| in Baili ic caippnjipi pdcpaic -| ap bepc : Po, po, po, peap pallnapcaip 4 Caipil, Copp cemeanbach i n-anmaim an Qpb-Qchap 5 , Sceo TTIeic na h-lnjine, La pach Spipuc Maeiii ; Gppuc 6 maipeach, mop, maich, 6dp beacha co m-bpeidieamnap, Cinpap Cpinb dpo ainglig Xy aep each uipb co n-ilgpdbaib, Ca pojnurh Cpipcchairh. lp h-i cpd belb bae ano pin .1. Uiccop ainj^el [pdcpaic] ic caip- cheabul pdopaic -j opbain -\ aipeochaip Gpinb bo Beich 00 jpeap ip in baili pin. Cib pil ann bin ace ip ceano-popc 7 bo phdbpaic -| ip ppim-chachaip 00 pi£ h-Gpinb in baili pin. Qcup ole^ap cip -| pojnum peap n-Gpeanb 00 pij in baili pin bo £peap 9 .1. bo pij Caipil cpe beanbac- cain pdbpaic mic Qlplaino. Qxe anb po, imoppo, cuapipda na pij 6 pi£ Caipil mu6 pij h-Gpinb h-e -\ a chuaipc-peom 1 a biaca-pom poppa bia chmb .1. Ceac copn 1 ceac claioeam -| ceac n-each -| ceac n-inap uao bo pij Cpuachna 1 biachab bd pdidn 6 pij Cpuachan bo-pom 1 a 6ul laip a Uip Chonaill. Pichi pdlach -\ picbi pichchell -| pichi each bo pi£ ceneoil Co- naill 1 biadiab mip 6 chenel Conaill 06-pom -| ceacc laip 1 Uip n-Gojain. Caeca copn 1 caeca claioeb 1 caeca each bo pij G1I15 -| bia- chao mip uabu bo-pom -| coijeacc 9 laip a Uulai£ n-Og. Upicha copn -| epicha claibeB q epicha each bo plaidi Uhulcha f There appeared to them a figure, Sfc. Victor was the name of St. Patrick's guar- This story is also given by Keating in dian angel. But Dr. Lanigan asserts that his History of Ireland. " there is no foundation for what we read S The angel Victor According to the in some of his Lives concerning his being Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, published by often favoured with the converse of an an- Colgan, lib. i. c. 19, and Jocelin, c. 19, gel Victor," &c. Eccles. Hist, vol. i. p. 144. net 5-Cecqic. 31 appeared unto them a figure*", brighter than the sun, with a voice sweeter than the angular harp, blessing the hill and the place, [and] predicting [the arrival of St.] Patrick, and it said: Good, good, good the man who shall rule Caiseal, Walking righteously in the name of the Great Father, And of the Son of the Virgin, With the grace of the Holy Spirit ; A comely, great, good Bishop, Child of life unto judgment, He shall fill noble angelic Eire With people of each order of various grades, To serve Christ the benign. The figure which appeared there was Victor^, the angel of Patrick, prophesying [the coming of] Patrick, and that the grandeur and supre- macy of Eire would be perpetually in that place. Accordingly that town is a metropolis to Patrick, and a chief city of the king of Eire. And the tribute and service of the men of Eire are always due to the king of that place, i. e. the king of Caiseal, through the blessing of Patrick 11 , the son of Alplainn. Now here are the stipends of the kings from the king of Caiseal, if he be king [monarch] of Eire, and his visitation and refection among them on that account, i. e. One hundred drinking-horns, one hundred swords, one hundred steeds, and one hundred tunics [are given] from him to the king of Cruachan ; and refection from the king of Cruachan to him for two quarters of a year, and to accompany him into Tir-Chonaill. Twenty rings, twenty chess-boards, and twenty steeds to the king of Cineal Conaill, and a month's refection from the Cineal Conaill to him, and to escort him into Tir-Eoghain. Fifty drinking-horns, fifty swords, and fifty steeds to the king of Aileach, and a month's refection from him to him, and to escort him to Tulach Og. Thirty drinking-horns, thirty swords, and thirty steeds to the lord h Through the blessing of Patrick, the son of Calforn. In St. Patrick's Confcssio, son of Alplainn He is moi-e usually called he says that his father was Calpomius, a 32 Ceabliaji Og -] biachao od chpdch oeag laip -| a cheachc 10 laip a n-Oipgiall- aib. Ochc Unpeacha 1 peapcac inap -| peapcac each do pig Gipgiall -; a biachao pe mip a n-Grhain 1 a choimiceachc in n-Llllcaib. Ceao copnn -| ceac macal -| ceac claioeb -\ ceac n-each -| ceac long 11 00 pig Ulao, biacao mip 12 bo-pom a h-Ullcaib, -| Ulaib laip co Ueamaip. Upicha luipeach 1 cpicha pdlach -| ceac n-each -| cpicha pich- chell 00 pig Ueampach -| biachao mip 1 Ueampaig patp -\ ceicheopa pine Uheampach laip co h-Qch Cliach. [Dec mna 1] oeich n-eich -\ oeich longa 00 pig Qca Cliach -\ biacao mip 6 pig Qca Cliach 06-pom 1 a chaemcheachc ll-Caigmb. Cpicha long 1 cpicha each 1 cpicha curiial -\ cpicha bo 00 pig Caigean -\ biachao od mip 6 Caignib 06-pom .1. mi 6 faigin cuach- gabaip 1 mi 6 £aigm beap-gabaip. Upicha each 1 cpichu luipeach -] ceacpocao claioeb. lciao pin a cuapipcla -\ a comaioeachca conio ooib-pioe 14 ao peo in c-ugoap buaoa .1. 6enen mac Sepcnein : tDligeao each pig 6 pig Caipil, bio ceipe ap bdpbaib co bpach, po gebchap 1 caeib na Uaibean ac puaio na n-^aeibel co gndch. Ceo copn, ceac claioeam a Caipil, ceac n-each, ceac n-map pia aip, deacon. Seethe remarks on this passage laureate of all Ireland. It is described in in the Introduction. Cormac's Glossary. < The Four Tribes of Tara ; see the ' A hundred drinking-horns, or goblets. Battle of Magh Rath, \). 9,where those tribes — O'Brien derives the word Copn from are mentioned, viz., the families of O'h-Airt; copn, a horn, Latin cornu, ai O'Ceallaigh, of Breagh ; O'Conghaile ; and that drinking cups were anciently of horn. O'Riagain. '" A hundred swords The word J Laighin Tuath-ghabhair All that claioeam, or doibeam, is evidently part north of Bealach Gabhrain, the road cognate with the Latin gladius. It is re- of Gabhran. markable that Giraldus Cambrensis ( Topo- k Along with the Taeidhean Taeidhean, graphia Hibernia Distinct, iii. c. x. makes or tuighean, was the name of the orna- no mention of the sword among the mili - mented mantle worn by the chief poet or tary weapons used by the Irish in his time. na g-Ceajir. 3.S Tuiach Og, [who gives him] refection for twelve, days and escort? him to the Oirghialla. Eight coats of mail, sixty tunics, and sixty steeds to the king of the Oirghialla, [by whom] he is entertained for a month at Eamhain and escorted to the Ulstermen. A hundred drinking-horns, a hundred matals, a hundred swords, a hundred steeds, and a hundred ships to the king of Uladh, and the Ulstermen give him a month's refection and escort him to Teamhair (Tara). Thirty coats of mail, thirty rings, a hundred steeds, and thirty chess-boards to the king of Teamhair; and he receives a month's refec- tion at Teamhair, and the four tribes of Teamhair 1 escort him to Ath Cliath (Dublin). Ten women, ten steeds, ten ships to the king of Ath Cliath, and a month's refection [is allowed] to him from the king of Ath Cliath, who accompanies him to the Leinstermen. Thirty ships, thirty steeds, thirty cumhals (bondmaids), and thirty cows to the king of Laighin, and two months' refection from the Leinstermen to him, i. e. a month's from northern Laighini and a month's from southern Laighin; [to whom he presents] thirty steeds, thirty coats of mail, and forty swords. Such are his stipends and escorts, of which the gifted author Benean the son of Sescnean said : THE EIGHT of each king from the king of Caiseal, Shall be question to bards for ever : It shall be found along with the Taeidhean k With the chief poet of the Gaeidhil constantly. A hundred drinking-horns, 1 a hundred swords™ from Caiseal, A hundred steeds, a hundred tunics" besides, The mention of the swords in this work, of the Irish from the Scythians, as among the weapons presented by the n Tunics, map. This word is trans- kings to their chieftains, shows the inac- lated "cloaks" by MacCurtin, in his Brief curacy of Cambrensis. Spenser considers Discourse in Vindication of the Antiquity that the Irish always had "their broad of Ireland, p. 173; but in a MS. in the nwordes," and he adduces them as an evi- Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. 2, deuce of his favourite theory, the descent 13, it is used to translate the Latin tunica. 34 Ceabhap ap a eip, co ceilip, ruachail, Do'n pij jeibip Cpuacham caip. 6iacha6 bd pdichi on pij pin bo chupaib TTIurhan ap mil, oul leip pi cpeap a (b)-Uip Conaill, co pij eapa m-(6)o6oipnn mip. 12i5 Conoacc la cupaib Caipil co caraib 6edpnaip, — nl bpej; pi Conaill co clanbaib 605am capao bo'n oeopaio lap ceic. Pichi palach, pici pichchill, pichi each co po 6ap-puaib bo'n P15 bo nap beapbap bo^ains' 5 , bo P15 bedpnaip Conaill chpuaio. 6iacha6 mip 6 riiaichib Conaill bo chvnceao muriian a maip5, acup bia pi5 — nt bli5 16 beolai5, pia n-oul a (b)-Cip n-6o5am n-dipb. Caeca copnn lp caeca claioeb, caeca each jlepca co gndcli b' pip paich 6 t)(h)oipib na n-bai^-rheap, bo plaich O1I15 ainceap each. Cruachan (Rathcroghan, near Balena- aim, called Assaroe, and sometimes the Sal gare, Roscommon), where the ruins of se- mon Leap. It is on the River Erne, at the veral forts and other monuments are still town of Ballyshannon. to be seen. This was the ancient palace of r Bearnas, i. e. a gap in a mountain, now the kings of Connaught. See above, p. Barnismore, a remarkable gap in a motui- 20, n. '. tain situated about rive miles to the east of p Tir- Chonaili, i. e. the country of Co- the town of Donegal, nail. This was nearly co-extensive with the s Tribes of Eoghan, i.e. the families present county of Donegal. It derived its descended from Eoghan, the son of Niall name from Couall Gulban, the son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, seated in the present of the Nine Hostages. counties of Tyrone and Londonderry, and q The cataract of Badharn, i. e. the in the baronies of Raphoe and Inishowen, cataract Eas Aodha Ruaidh mic Badh- in the county of Donegal. na 5-Ceajic. 35 From his country, actively and prudently, To the king who obtains the pleasant Cruachan . Entertainment for two quarters from that king- To the heroes of Mumha (Munster) for their valour, [And] to escort him with a force to Tir Chonaill 1 ' To the king of the rapid cataract of Badharn q . The king of Connacht with the heroes of Caiseal [goeth] To the battalions of Bearnas r , — it is no falsehood ; The king of Conall goes with him As guide to the stranger to the tribes of Eoghan s . Twenty rings', twenty chess-boards", Twenty steeds at the great Eas-ruaidh T To the king for whom no sorrow is fated, To the king of the gap of the hardy Conall"'. A month's refection from the chiefs of Conall In grief [is given] to the province of Mumha, And to their king — no gratuitous law, Before going into the noble Tir-Eoghain x . Fifty drinking-horns and fifty swords, Fifty steeds with the usual trappings To the man of prosperity of the Doires y of goodly fruit, To the prince of Aileach who protects all. 1 Twenty rings Pichi palctij. Mac w Beornas Chonaill, i.e. Conall'sgap or Curtin translates this twenty gold rings, gapped mountain — See page 34, note '■. p_ 173. x Tir- Eoghain, i. e. Eoghan's country, u Twenty chess-boards. — pichi pic- now anglicized Tyrone, but the ancient Cill " Twenty pair of Tables." Mac Tir-Eoghain was more extensive than the Curt. The pirceall is described in Cor- present county. — See page 34, note s . mac's Glossary as quadrangular with straight y O Dhoiribh — Doire, Derry, London- spots of white and black, ip cerpacctip deny, formerly Doire Calgach, afterwards in pircell, ocup ic bipge a cire, Doire Choluim Chille. The plural name ocup pino ocup oub puippe. seems to allude to the oak woods there, so v Eas-ruaidh, i. e. cataracta Run, see often mentioned in the Lives of St. Colum page 34, note 1. Chille. D 2 36 Ceabhaji 6iacha6 mip oo vhac-platch ffluman, a mui^ lTlurhan, — ni paeb peach' , o'pip cuiciD 6pannbuib jan beojuin, 6 chlanoaib Gojain nu n-each. Cpicha copnn -\ cpicha clameab, cepc cpicha puaib each oo'n poo, bo'n pip 'c-a m-bib 17 bpumclao uaine, do plaich Uhulcha uaine O5. 6iacha6 oa chpach &euj co oeaola bo pi£ murir,an, mlbic baipb, 6 pi j Uhulcha O5, cean bea^uil no co cop co 19 h-Garhain aipb. Ochc luipecha oo plaich Gip^iall a h-oipeachc Caipil ceac cpech oo 1 !! pip popp m-(b)ib ceapca cinab, peapcac map, peapcac each. &iachab mip a mullach Gamna 6 Gip^iallaib aca moip, 00 pi£ Caipil chaip o'n chuchcaip, oul laip a n-Lllcaib a n-oip. 1 The province of Branndubh, i. e. the province of Leinster, from Brann Dubh, one of its celebrated kings. It is here put for the king of Cashel's territory by a poetical license. See page 40, note r . a Green tumulus, opumclab uaine. This alludes to the hill on which the chief of Tulach Og used to inaugurate the Irish monarchs of the northern Ui Neill race. See Addenda to the Ui Fiachrach, note L, on the Inauguration of the Irish chiefs, pp. 425, 431, &c. b Tulach Op, i. e. the hill of the youths (Tullaghoge, corruptly pronounced Tully- hawk), a small village in the parish of Deserterenght, barony of Dungannon, Ty- rone. After the establishment of surnames in the tenth century, the chief family of this place took the surname of O'h-Again (O'Hagan). See last reference. c Eamhain This was the ancient palace of the kings of Ulster ; but after the year 332 it lay in a state of desertion, though occasionally referred to as the head residence of the Oirghialla, as in the present instance. d Coatsofmail, luipeacha The Irish word luipeach, (which is cognate with, if not derived from the Latin lorica), certainly signifies mail armour. e Uhtermen — Uladh was originally the name of the entire province of Ulster, but after the year 332 it was applied to that , net 5-Cecqir. 37 Refection of a month to the young princes of Mumha, From the plain of Mumha, — it is no false account, To the man of BranndubhV province without opposition, From the clans of Eoghan of steeds. Thirty drinking-horns and thirty swords, Thirty red steeds [fit] for the road, To the man who has the green tumulus 3 , To the chief of the green Tulach Og h . Twelve days' refection nobly To the king of Mumha, the bards notice. From the king of Tulach Og, without separation Until he escorts him to the noble Eamhain c . Eight coats of mail d to the prince of the Oirghialla From the host of Caiseal of the hundred preys To the man who has the chastisement of crimes, Sixty tunics, sixty steeds. A month's entertainment on the summit of Eamhain [is due] From the Oirghialla of the great ford To the king of pleasant Caiseal from the kitchen, [And] to escort him to the Ulstermen e eastward. portion of the east of Ulster (Down and wards between them [i. e. the Clann-Colla] Antrim) bounded on the west by the Lower and the Clanna Rudhraighe, and the Clanna Bann and Lough Neagh, and by Gleanu Rudhraighe never returned across it from Righe, through which an artificial boundary that time to the present. On an old map was formed, now called the Danes' Cast. of Ulster the river of Newry is called Owen This boundary is distinctly referred to in Glanree fluvius. a manuscript in the Library of Trinity Col- O' Flaherty and others, who have written lege, Dublin, H. hi 18, p. 783, in the fol- on the history of Ireland in the Latin lan- lowing words : t)on cuob abup Do guage, have for the sake of distinction ^liono TCije 00 prjnecib copunn adopted UUdia to denote the.circumscribed (^leanna Ri;j;e o'n lubap anuap territory to the east, and Ultonia to denote eacoppa -| Clannaib l^ubpai^e -\ the entire province of Ulster. See O'Flaher- nip pilleuoctp clanna VJuopai^e ty'sOpy^ia, part III. c. 78, p. 372 ; Ussher's anon 6 pin a le, i.e. on the hither side Primordia, pp. 8 H>. 1048; O'Conor's Dis- of Gleann Righe, the boundary of Gleann aert p. 176, and Lan. EccL Hist. vol. ii. Righe t\a^ farmed from the Newry up- p. "28. 38 Ceabhcqi Ceo copn, ceac claioeb, ceac macal oo milij 6oipchi — nf baerh, ceac each, ace ip o'eachaib bonoa, acup beich lonja bo'n laech. &iacao Da aen riiip a h-Ullcaib o'uapal pi£ Caipil, o'n chill, blijib ac Uulaij caip Cheapnaij; Ulaib laip co Ceampaij cinb. Upicha luipeach bo laech Ceampach, cpica pdlach — lp pip pm, ceac n-each ni pcichaba pcich pei6m ,p , la cpichaio pichcill ac pleio. 6iacha6 mfp a mullach Uheavhpach bo chpean-peapaib 20 Caipil cpuinb; caibeacc 21 laip pine ap a puipmim, pip Tllibi, co (Duiblinb n-ouinb. t)eich mna, beich lon^a co leapchaib 6 laech Caipil acup Cliach, f A hundred matals Ceac macal. Mac Curtin translates this " one hundred Mantles," p. 174. Matal was probably another name for the palainj which in latter ages was applied to the outer cover- ing or cloak ; but this is far from certain. Matal is applied in Leabhar Breac, fol. 64, 1), a, to the outer garment worn by the Ke- deemer. Giraldus Cambrensis describes the outer covering of the Irish in the twelfth century as follows, in his Topographia Hibernia, Dist. III. c. x. : " Caputiis modicis assueti sunt & arctis, trans humeros deorsum, cubito tenus pro- tensis : variisque colorum generibus panni- culorumque plerunque consutis : sub quibus phalingis laneis qunque palliorum vice utuntur, seu braccis caligatis, seu calligis braccatis, & his plerunque colore fucatis." Dr Lynch says that the falaing was the outside rug cloak. See Cambrensis Eversus, p. 104 ; but Ledwich asserts (Antiquities, second edit, p, 267) that " this it could not be, for Cambrensis describes it as worn under the hooded mantle." He als< i asserl s tbat the name falaing is not Irish, but that it is derived from the Saxon Folding, and that it came with the manufacture into this island ; but this is all gratuitous assertion. s Boirche. — A territory, now the ba- rony of Mourne, the mountains of which were called Beanna Boirche. This clearly appears from a notice of Boirche in the Dinn - seanchus, and also in the Annals of Tighear- net 5-Ceajic. 39 A hundred drinking-horns, a hundred swords, a hundred matals f To the warrior of Boirche g — not foolish, A hundred steeds, but bay steeds, And ten ships' 1 to the hero. Twice one month's refection from the Ultstermen To the noble king of Caiseal, from the church, Is due at the pleasant Tulach Chearnaigh 1 ; The Ulstermen escort him to strong TeamhairJ. Thirty coats of mail to the hero of Teamhair, Thirty rings — that is true, A hundred steeds not wearied in a fatiguing service, With thirty chess-boards for a banquet. A month's refection on Teamhair's summit [Is due] to the mighty men of round Caiseal ; And the tribes come with him on his march, The men of Midhe (Meath), to the brown Duibh-linn k . Ten women, ten ships with beds From the hero of Caiseal and Cliach 1 , sach at the year 744, where it is stated ' Tulach Chearnaigh, i. e. Cearnach's that the sea had thrown ashore in the dis- hill, Tullycarney, in the county of Down, trict of Boirche a whale with three golden j Tara.— Ueamaip, the ancient pa- teeth; and Giraldus Cambrensis, in noticing i ace f the nionarchs of Ireland till it was the same story, states, that this whale curse d by St. Ruadhan ofLothra, in the was found at " Carhnfordia in Ultotiia" reignof Diannaid, thesonof FearghusCeir- See his Topographia Hibernia, Dist. ii. c. bheoil, who died in the year 50.3, after 1 0. There is a moat near the source i which it became a ruin, but the Irish mo- the Upper Bann, still called moca bean- narchS) and Sljnietimes the kings of j I( , a||| net 6oipce. were ca rj e d from it kings of Teamhair.— 11 Ten ships — The word long is in See Petrie's History and Antiquities of common use to denote a ship. AVe have yet Tara Hill, pp. 100-104. See p. 7, note \ no evidence to prove the size or construe- supra. don of the vessels here referred to. It is k Duibhlinn.—See p. 12, note e, supra. curious toremark, thatthe monarch bestows ' Cliach, a territory around Cnoc Aine in ships upon those princes only whose territo- the county of Limerick, introduced here to ties extended along the sea. fill up the metre. 40 CeabTiap oeich n-eicli a n-uaip blaca bldouij &o pij Gcha claoaij Cliuch. 6iacha6 mip 6 rhaichib Comaip 2 * do chi^eapna Caipil chaip, pf in ara bilcaij, nach baij-beip, bo chichcam a 6aijnib laip. Upicha long bo laechpaib 6iarhna, laiceap cpica oeaj each bo, blijib im na cpicha im Chapmon 53 cpicha ban-mob, cpicha bo. &iachao oa Ian mfp 6 Ca\ jnib oo laech TTluvhan a lTluij TCach, cuib mfp a Hluij 6panouib bpojba 6 clanbaib Conbla peach each. Cpicha each, en cpicha luipeach bo laech ^abpan jloine- 4 bach, nocho n-eachlacha po ploioeao 24 ; ceachpaca claioeam i (j)-cach. Gc 26 pin cuapipcla pij h-Gpino 6 pij murhan rholaib 27 pip, 'p-a m-biachao 6"n luce pin uile, beapb pe each n-bume po blij' 9 . [Olijeao.] m Ath CHath. — The name for Dublin — place of this name in Leinster. See p. 12, note s, supra. r Magh Brann-duibh, i. e the plain of n Tomar's chieftains — See Introduction. Brann Dubh, king of Leinster, who resided Liamhain This place was also called at Rath BrainnorDun Brainn, near Baltin- Dun Liamhna. It was an ancient seat of glas. See p. 36, note z , supra. the kings of Leinster, and still retains its « Connla. — He was the ancestor of Mac name under the anglicized form of Dunla- Giolla- Phadruig and his correlatives, who van, in the county of Wicklow. See the were seated in the ancient Os-raidhe (Os- Circuit of Muircheartach Mac Neill, p. 36. sory), extending from the Sliabh Bludhma p Carman This was the ancient name mountains to the meeting of the Three of the place where the town of Wexford Waters, and from the river Bearbha to now stands. See p. 15, note 1, supra. Magh Feimhin. See pp. 17, ', 18, b , supra. 1 Magh Rath, i. e. the plain of the raths l Gabhran —See p 17, note a , supra. By or forts. The Editor does not know any hero of Gabhran is here meant "the king na 5-Ceajic. 4 1 Ten steeds in their prime condition To the king of the entrenched Ath Cliath"". A month's refection from Tomar's chieftains" To the lord of pleasant Caiseal, The king of the bounteous ford, which is not unhealthy, [Is] to come to the Leinstermen with him. Thirty ships to the heroes of Liamhain , Thirty good steeds are sent by him, There are due to the districts around Cannan p Thirty women-slaves, thirty cows. Two full months' refection from the Leinstermen To the hero of Mumha at Magh Kath q , A month's feasting at Magh Brannduibh r the fortified From the race of Connla s beyond all. Thirty steeds, thirty coats of mail To the hero of Gabhran 1 of fair colour, It was not grooms that lashed them" ; Forty swords for battle. Such are the stipends of the kings of Eire From the king of Mumha whom men praise, And their refections from all the other parties, Which, as is certain to each person, are due. THE RIGHT. or chief lord of Ossory." serts, that the Irish did not use spurs, but " It was not grooms that lashed them, incited their horses \x\t\\ rods crooked at nocho n-ectchlacha po ploibeuo, the head. His words are: i. e. it was not grooms but chieftains who " Item sellis equitando non utuntur, non rode them. The meaning of ploioeao, ocreis, non calcaribus : virga tantum, quam which is explained jeappao, cutting, by manu gestant, in superiori parte camerata, O'Clerigh, must be here determined from tarn equos excitant, quam ad cursus invi- tlie kind of whip, goad, or spur, with which tant. Frenis quidem utuntur, tarn" chami the ancient Irish incited their horses. The quam freni vice fungentibus: quibus & writer of Cath Guana Tarbh states, that equi, semper herbis assueti ad pabula ne- the king of Leinster drove his horse with a quaquam impediuntur. Prasterea nudi & rod of jew, immediately before the battle of inermes ad bella procedunt. Habent enini ( .'hmtarf (A D 1014) ; and Giraldus Cam- arma pro onere. Inermes vero dimicare pro brensis, who wrote about the year 1185, as- audaciareputant." Top.Hib. Dist.iii.c. 10. 42 Leabhap C6GI2C Caipil acup pig Ccupil 6 chuachaib ap meuoon aim po [pip]. O m(h)upcpaioio cheaoamup cup na cana-pa .1. beich ($)-ceuo bo -] beich (5)-ceab cope anb pin 6 TTl(h)upcpai6ib. Ceo bo 1 ceac muc -\ ceac n-bam 6 Llaichnib ano pin. t)a ceac mole 1 c6ac cope -| ceac bo -| ceac leanb uame a h-Qpaib ino pin. Ceo bo 1 ceac bam 1 ceac cope 6 Chopco 6ai6i pin. Oeich (j)-ceac oarh -\ beich (£)-ceac bo 6 Chopco Duibne beop. Deich (5)-ceac bo-| oeich (5)-ceac cope co Chiappaioi fcuachpa. Deich 29 (5)-ceac bo -\ beich (g)-ceac bam 6 Chopco 6aipcino. Tllili bo 1 mill oam -| mill peichi 1 mill bpac a 6oipinb. Ceb bo 1 ceac bam -| ceac cpdnab ap in [e]-Seachcmoo. Da mill cope -) mill bo 6 na t)epib. Noch ap oaipi cpd icaib na cipa pin, ace cap ceanb 30 a (b)-cipi -) ap pufpi chipe [cineoil] Chaipil 1 ap a beanbochab 00 phabpaic amal ab peac 6enean: C6QTJU Chaipil, cen chpdb bia chupaio, po chaipij oam blijib; maich le pij ^abpdin in geajaip a pajbail '5-d Filij. O m(h)upcpaicib cean paiob n-eirhij, 00 Chaipil apo uaichib v Muscraidhe. — According to all the Irish O'Cuirc; 5, Muscraidhe Iarthair Feimhin, genealogical works, these were the descen- the country of O'Carthaigli; 6, Muscraidhe dants of Cairbre Muse, the son of Conaire Thire, the country of O'Donghaile and Mor, monarch of Ireland in the beginning O'Fuirg. O'Brien, in his Irish Dictionary, of the third century. See O'Flaherty's after enumerating the several Muscraidhes, Ogygia, part iii. c. 63. According to O'h- has the following remark : " It is referred lidhrin's topographical poem there were to the judicious reader if it be a likely story six Muscraidhes, all in Minister, namely, that one Cairbre Muse, supposed son of a 1, Muscraidhe Mitine, the country of king of Meath in the beginning of the O'Floinn ; 2, Muscraidhe Luachra, the third century, and of whose progeny no country of O'h-Aodha, along theAbhainn account has ever been given, should have Mhor (Black water) ; 3, Muscraidhe Tri given the name of Muscry to every one of Maighe, the country of O'Donnagain; 4, these territories, so widely distant from Muscraidhe Treitheirne, the country of each other in the provhice of Munster." na 5-Ceajic. 43 THE RIGHT of Caiseal and of the king of Caiseal from [his] ter- ritories generally, down here. With the Muscraidhe, in the first place, this tribute begins, i. e. ten hundred cows, and ten hundred hogs from the Muscraidhe. A hundred cows, and a hundred pigs, and a hundred oxen from the men of Uaithne. Two hundred wethers, and a hundred hogs, and a hundred cows, and a hundred green mantles from the men of Ara. A hundred cows, and a hundred oxen, and a hundred hogs from Corca Luighe. Ten hundred oxen and ten hundred cows from Corca Dhuibhne, also. Ten hundred cows and ten hundred hogs from Ciarraidhe Luachra. Ten hundred cows and ten hundred oxen from Corca Bhaiscinn. A thousand cows, and a thousand oxen, and a thousand rams, and a thousand cloaks from Boirinn. A hundred cows, and a hundred oxen, and a hundred sows from Seachtmhodh. Two thousand hogs and a thousand cows from the Deise. It is not for inferiority [of race] that they pay these tributes, but for their territories, and for the superiority of the right of Caiseal, and for its having been blessed by Patrick, as Benean sang : THE EIGHT of Caiseal, without grief to its heroes, It is my duty to record ; It is pleasing to the king of Gabhran the fierce To find it [acknowledged] by his poet. From the Muscraidhe v without knotty falsehood, To noble Caiseal from them [are due] On these words it is necessary to remark, any authority), and of O'Floinn and others, that there is as much authority from Irish his descendants, we should with equal rea- history for the existence of Cairbre Muse, son reject every other fact belonging to as there is for any other fact belonging to this period stated by those genealogists, the same period; and that if we reject the See Battle of Magh Rath, p. 340. For account handed down of him and his father, the account handed down by the Irish ge- who was full monarch of Ireland (not king aealogists of Cairbre Muse, giving name to f Meath, as O'Brien makes him, without those territories, O'Brien substitutes an ety- 44 Leablicqi mill bo, — pin pope a (m)-bpacaip, mfli cope 6 chuachaib. Ceo bo pop cnuc ppi h-am n-aipceap 3 ', ceac muc chall oia (o)-caipcio, ceac n-oam bo'n c-[p]luaj aicpeib coipcib 6 Uaichnib a n-aipci6. Da ceac mole o'n oaim ao beapaio 32 , ceao cope, in chain chanaiD 33 , mological conjecture of his own, namely, that, it is likely that Muscraidhe is derived from mus, pleasant, and crioch, a country ; but this is beneath criticism, as it is an un- doubted fact that the termination (which is a patronymic one, somewhat like idjjc in Greek) is raidhe, not craighe, as we learn from tribe-names similarly formed, as Cal- raidhe, Caen-raidhe, Ciur-raidhe, Greag- raidhe, Os-^raidhe, Trad-raidhe. This being the case, we see that the root is m use, and that O'Brien's etymology is visionary. Dr. Lanigan, who, because he corrected proofs for Vallancey, was imbued with the rage for etymological delirium which was commenced by the British etymolo- gists, and was taken up by O'Brien, and brought to its acme by Vallancey, approves of this silly etymological guess of O'Brien's, as highly probably, and writes as follows : " There were several tracts in Minister named Muscrighe, so called, says Colgan, (Tr Th. p. 186) from a prince Muse, son of King Conor [recte Conaire] the great. O'Brien, with much greater appearance of truth, derives that name from mus, plea- sant, and crioch, country." The delusion will, it is hoped, stop here, and will never be supported by a third authority worth naming. 1. The extent of Muscraidhe Mitaine, or, as it was called after the establishment of surnames, Muscraidhe Ui Fhloinn, is now preserved in the deanery of " Musgry- lin," which comprises, according to the Liber RegaJis Visitutiunis, fifteen parishes in the north-west of the county of Cork. 2. Muscraidhe Luachra was the ancient name of the district in which the Abhainn Mhor (Blackwater) has its source ; it was so called from its contiguity to the moun- tains of Sliabh Luachra (in Kerry). — O'Brien says that Muiscrith Luachra was the old name of the tract of land which lies between Kilmallock, Kilfman, and Ard- patrick, in the county of Limerick ; but for this he quotes no authority, and it is against every authority, for we know from O'h-Uidhrin that the tribe of Muscraidhe Luachra were seated about the Abhainn Mhor (im abainn moip mai^pic;), but the position given them by O'Brien would leave them many miles from that river, as well as from Sliabh Luachra, from which they derived their distinguish- ing appellative. 3. Muscraidhe Tri Maighe, i. e. Muscraidhe of the three plains, which belonged to O'Donnagain, was not the ba- rony of Orrery, as O'Brien asserts, for Orrery is the anglicized form of Orbli- raidhe, of which presently, and we have proof positive that " Muskerry-Donegan," na 5-Cecqic. 45 A thousand cows. — it is the seat of their relative" A thousand hos;s from their territories. A hundred cows on the hill at time of calving. A hundred pigs within to be stored, A hundred oxen to the resident host are ord< j From the men of Uaithne" freely. Two hundred wethers from the host I will say, A hundred hogs, the tribute they exact, red which was granted by King John (see Charter 9°. ann. Reg.) to William de Bam', is included in the present barony of Barry- more. Thus O'Brien's wild conjectures, which he put as if they were absolute de- monstrated truths, vanish before the light of records and etymology. 4 and 5. The territories of Muscraidhe Breoghain, orMus- craidhe Ui Chuirc, and Muscraidhe of the west of Feimhin, are now included in the barony of Clan william, in the south-west of the county of Tipperary, as appears from Keating, who places in Muscraidhe Chuirc CHI Beacain (Kilpeacon) in the barony of Clanwilliam ; from the Book of Lismore, fol. 47, b, b ; the Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick, Lib. iii. cap. 32, which places in Muscraidhe Breoghain the church of Cill Fiacla (Kilfeakle), in the barony of Clan- william, about four miles and a half to the north-east of the town of Tipperary ; and this is more particularly evident from the Ormond records, in which this territory is particularly denned. See grant of Edward III. to the Earl of Ormond. 6. Muscraidhe Thire includes the present baronies of Up- per and Lower Ormond, in the county of Tipperary, as we can infer from the places mentioned as in it, such as Cill Ceri (Kil- keare parish in Upper Ormond), and Leit- reacha Odhrain (Latteragh, in the barony of LTpper Ormond), about eight miles to the south of Nenagh. See Felire Aenpuis, at 27th October and 5th January, and Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, pp. 151, 401. The extent of this territory is defined by Sir Charles O'Carroll, in a letter to the Lord Deputy in 1595, in which he calls it " Muscryhyry," and states that the earl lately called it by the false name of Lower Ormond, a name which it had never borne before, inasmuch as it was always consi- dered a part of " Thomond." w Relative. — The Muscraidhe descend from Saraidh, the daughter of Conn of the Hundred Battles; and the kings of Cashel of both houses, of Eoghanacht and DalCais, from Sadhbh her sister, who was married to Oilioll Olum, king of Minister. x Uaithne, i. e. Uaithne Cliach and Uaithna Tire. The former now the barony of " Ow- neybeg," in the county of Limerick, and the latter the barony of " Owney," adjoin- ing it, in the county of Tipperary. After the establishment of surnames the fami- lies of Mac Ceoach (Mac Keoghs), and O'Loingsigh were dominant in Uaithne Tire, and those of O'h-Iffernain (Hef- femans), and O'Cathalain (Cahallans), in Uaithne Cliach, afterwards dispossessed by the Leinster family of O'Maoilriain (O'Mul- rians), of the race of Cathaoir Mor. u Leabhcqi ceo bo bo cheanb buaili ac bpujaio, ceac leano n-uaine a h-Gpaib. O Chopco Caiji co laechaib ceac bo ac caible 34 lp ruachail, peapcac cam n-oono — nocho oichaio, cear cope cpom 6 chuachaib. mill oarh — lp i in bpeach beapma, nip ic 3i cpeach pe-m' 36 cuirhni, mill bo, ni map 37 bu baiobi, oo bpu tDaipbpi O t)uibni. > The farmer's dairy.^-Qne hundred cows which have enriched the buaile of the brughaidh. As to buaile, "booley,"see Spencer's View of the State of Ireland, p. 51. z From the men of Ara, i.e. Ara-Tire, now the barony of " Ara," or " Duhara," in the north-west of the county of Tip- perary, and Ara Cliach, a territory in the west of the county of Limerick. Ac- cording to the Irish genealogists, the peo- ple of Ara are of the Rudrician race, ami descended from Feartlachta, the son of Fearghus, king of the province of Ulster, in the first century See O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. cap. 46 Ara-Tire is the present baron}' of "Ara," in the north-west of the county of Tipperary ; but the name of the territory of Ara Cliach is not preserved in that of any barony, but we know from the oldest Lives of St Patrick, and various other authorities, that it adjoined the ter- ritory of Ui Fidhginte on the east side, and that it comprised the parish of Kilteely and all the barony of Ui Cuanach, " Coo- nagh," in the east of the county of Lime- rick, and the hill of Cnoc Aine, anglice Knockany, in the barony of "Small Coun- ty," in the same county. It appears from a tract in Leabhar na h-Uidhri, fol. 83, that the territory of Ara was divided from that of Ui Fidhginte by the River Samhair, which appears from various rea- sons to be the " Morning Star." In the course of time the people, originally called by the name Ara, were driven out or sup- pressed by the dominant race of Oilioll Olum, and a tribe of the race of Eoghan, son of this Oilioll, gave it the name of Eoghanacht Aine Cliach, of whom, after the establishment of surnames, O'Ciar- mhaic (now barbarized to " Kirby"), was the chief. — See O'h-Uidhrin's topographi- cal poem, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. cap. G7. a Corca Luigke, i. e. the race of Lugh- aidh, one of the tribe-names of the family of O'Eidirsceoill (O'Driscolls), and their correlatives, who were otherwise called Darfhine. It appears from a curious tract on the tribes, districts, and history of this territory, preserved in the Book of Lea- can, fol. 122, that before the families of O'Donnobhain, O'Maghthamhna, O'Suil- leabhain, and others, were driven into this territory after the English invasion, it comprised the entire of the diocese of "Ross." This too, we may presume, was na 5-Ceapr. 47 A hundred cows that enriched the farmer's dairy?, A hundred green mantles from the men of Ara z . From Corca Luighe a of heroes A hundred cows frisking and skipping, Sixty brown oxen b — not a small number, A hundred heavy hogs from the chieftainries. A thousand oxen — it is the judgment I pass, They required not to be distrained in my memory. A thousand cows, not like cows of ravens d , From the brink of Dairbhre O'Duibhne*. its extent when this poem was written. In latter ages, however, " O'DriscoU's coun- try" of Corca Luighe was narrowed to a very inconsiderable territory, in consequence of the encroachments of" O'Mahony, O'Do- novan, and O'Sullivan Beare ;" and in the year 1G15 it was defined as containing oidy the following parishes in the barony of Car- bery, viz. " Myross, Glanbarahane, (Cas- tlehaven) Tullagh, Creagh, Kilcoe, Agha- down, and Cleare Island." The tract in the Book of Leacan is well worth publishing, as throwing much light on the ancient to- pography of the south of Ireland. b Sixty brown (dun) oxen — A hundred in the prose. See page 43. c Distrained, nip IC cpectc It is not necessary to levy by force; — or, I remem- ber not when levied by force. d Cows of ravens, i. e. lean, dying cows, such as the ravens watch and perch on. •' Dairbhre O'Duibhne This, which is the name of the island of " Valencia," in the west of Kerry, is here put for Cor- ca Dhuibhne, a large territory in Kerry, belonging to the families of O'Failbhe (O'Falvys),; O'Seagha (O'Sheas), and 1 >'< !onghaile (O'Coimells). Shortly ante- rior to the English invasion, O'Falvy pos- sessed the barony of " Corcaguiny," O'Shea that of " Iveragh," and O'Connell that of " Magunihy ;" but about the middle of the eleventh century the Ui Donchadha (O'Do- noghoes) settled in Magunihy, and drove the O'Coimells westwards into Iveragh, where they were seated at Bally carbery, near Ca- hersiveen. After the English invasion, about A. D. 1192, the families of O'Suilleabhain (O'Sullivans), and Mac Carthaigh (Mac Carthys), who had been previously seated in the great plain of Minister, as will be pre- sently shown, were driven by the English into Kerry, and then those baronies were seized upon by the Mac Carthys and O'Sullivans, who reduced the families of the race of Conaire Mor to obscurity, in- somuch that the old "Annals of Innis- fallen," the chronicle of the district, does not even once mention any of them ex- cept O'Falvy, who, being chief of all this race, retained a considerable territory till finally overwhelmed by the increasing pow- er of the Mac Carthys and O'Sullivans, as well as of the Fitzgeralds, Ferriters, Husseys, Trants, and other Anglo-Irish families, who settled at an early period in his territory of Corca Dhuibhne, and -nere 48 Leabhaji O Cfiiappaioib claip nci claioeurh oeich (5)-ceac bo in 38 cam cuman, beich (£)-ceac cope uaichib cean anuo w , a 40 6uachaip na lubnip. O 6(h)aifcniB oa ceac bo ap baechaip o'd pach cpo cap cpichaib Oo'n pij po chap Oine ouchaij, mill bam, ni oicliaij. mill bam, mill bo beanaim, oo'n oun lap 16 llloijim 41 mill peich, ap 42 n-a n-ac 43 o'olaino, mill bpac a 6oipino. Sloino cam Seachrmaiji na pinoach 44 , ni opeachcaioi 45 opeanoach; ceac epem 46 , nochap chpo cean cheanoach, ceac n-barin, ceac bo beanoach. t)a mill cope lap n-a (o)-coja cup in cnoc map cheapa, mill bo na n-t)epi ; bana 6 t)(h)epib ci ao beapa? supported against him by the Earls of S Baiscinn This was the namn of a Desmond, who resided principally at Tra- very celebrated tribe, giving their name to lee. a territory in the south-west of the county ' Ciurraidhe, i.e. the race of Ciar, son of of Clare, of which Leim Chonchulainn Fearghus, king of Ulster, by Meadhbh, queen (Loophead) forms the western extremity, of Connacht in the first century. The prin - They were the descendants of Cairbre Bas- cipal family of this race took the surname chaoin, or Cairbre of the Smooth Palm, of O'Conchobhair (OConor). His country, the brother of Cairbre Muse, already men- which is often called Ciarraidhe Luaehra, tioned. This territory originally comprised from the mountain of Sliabh Luachra, ex- the baronies of " Clonderalaw," " Moy- tended from the harbour of Tralee to the arta," and " Ibrickan," in the county of mouth of the Shannon, and from Sliabh Clare ; but, after the expulsion of the Mac Luachra to Tarbert. From this territory Gormans from Leinster, shortly after the the county of Kerry has received its name. English invasion, they were settled by The Ciarraidhe were also called the race of O'Brien in the north of Corca Bhaiscinn, Feoma Floinn. See note further on. adjoining Corcomroe. After the establish- na 5-Cecqic. 49 From the Ciarraidhe f of the plain of swords Ten hundred cows is the tribute I remember, Ten hundred hogs from them without delay, From Luachair of the lepers. From the men of BaiscinnS two hundred lowing cows As increase of stock [paid] for their territories To the king who loved his own tribe, A thousand oxen, not calves. A thousand oxen, a thousand cows I exact, For the palace in a day I ordain A thousand rams, swelled out with wool, A thousand cloaks from Boirinn\ Name the tribute of the men of Seachtmhadh" 1 of the foxes, Not a quarrelsome host, — A hundred sows, no unpurchased property, A hundred oxen, a hundred horned cows. Two thousand chosen hogs To the hill [Caiseal] as tribute [are given], A thousand cows, from the Deise k ; A fine for distraining from the Deise who can mention ? ment of surnames, in the eleventh century, that of O'Lochlainn (anglice, O'Loughliu the chiefs of this territory took the surname or O'Loghlen). It is strange that Corcom - of O'Domhnaill (O'Donnell), and O'Bais- ruadh is omitted here, though given in the cinn ; but, on the increasing of the popula- next poem. tion and power of the Dal Chais, the family ' Seachtmhadh This territory is not of Mac Mathghamhna (Mac Mahon) be- mentioned by O'h-Uidhrin. Dr. O'Brien, in came chiefs of this territory (which in lat- his Dissertations on the Laws of the ancient ter ages comprised only the baronies of Irish, Vail. Collect, vol. i. p. 383, thinks Clonderalaw and Moyarta), and reduced that it was the barony of Iveragh, in the the race of the monarch Conaire Mor to county of Kerry ; but this coidd not be so, comparative insignificance. as that barony is mentioned under the name 11 Boirinn, i. e., a rocky district, Bur- of Dairbhre. It -was in the county of Tip- ren, a barony in the north of the county perary, adjoining Ara. of Clare. The chief of this territory is of k Deise, called Nandesi (na n.Desi) in the same race as " O'Conor Kerry," and, the Life of St. Carthach — See Ussher's Pri- after the establishment of surnames, took mordia, pp. 781, 865. These were de- E 50 Ceabhap Cip pm cap ceanb dpi, ap copaij, paipi in (c)i po leapai j 47 , nt ap oaipi na n-bcmi bian tDepij, ace paipi chldip Chaipil. Qn cip [p]m murhan, co mapcaib, co pia bunab beccai£, pdopaic, in puipe op na popcaib, a pe Chuipc po cheapcaij [C6C112C CQ.] IS iat)-SO beop cecupca 6enen meic Sepcnean pailm-cheac- laij 49 pdbpaic: i oo Chianoacca ^leanoa ^evhin oo pil Uaibc meic Cen a TTlurhain 49 maip bo .1. cop ab ceano coicceann caich corhapba Caipil, peib ipeao corhapba pdopaic; -| in can net ba pi£ Gpino 50 pij Caipil, ipeao ap bip 51 06 popldvhup pop leich Cpinb ,1. 6 Chij n-t)uino lap n-Gpinb co h-Qch Cliach Gaijean. t)flep cuapipcail 1 corh- aioeachca pij Caipil 00 gpeap .1. pil 6pepail 6pic .1. Oppaibi. 'Oleajaio [Gaijean ap] baij aen luichi ceachc la bdi j pij Caipil 1 (j)-ceanb Chuinb no allrhapac. Olijeab bin 52 6 ^(h)allaib Gtha Cliach, -| 6 oeopaoaib Gpinb scended from Fiacha Luighdhe, the elder took the surnames of O'Braic (Brick), and brother of Conn of the Hundred Battles, O'Faelain (Phelan). They were dispos- monarch of Ireland, and were originally sessed by the Powers and Butlers shortly seated in the present barony of " Deece," after the English invasion. Oeipe Cearhpac, to the south of Tara, ' Cianachta — This tribe were descended in Meath, but they were expelled from from Cian, son of Oilioll Olum. They gave Meath by the monarch Cormac mac Airt, name to the present barony of Keenaght, when they settled in Munster, and sub- in the county of Deny. After the esta- dued that part of the country extending blishment of surnames, the head of this from the River Suir to the sea, and from family took the surname of O'Conehobhair Lismore to Credanhead, the eastern ex- (O'Conor) of Gleann Gemhin, which was tremity of the present comity of Wa- the name of that part of the vale of the terford. In the fifth century, Aenghus, River Roa (Roe), near the village of Dun king of Munster, granted them the plain Gemhin (Dungiven). This family was of Magh Feimhin, lying between Cashel dispossessed by the family of O'Cathain and Clonmel, in the present county of Tip- (O'Kanes), before the English invasion, perary. See Keating, in the reign of Cor- and they are now all reduced to farmers mac mac Airt, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia, or cottiers. part iii. c. 69. After the establishment of m Comharba — This word is here used surnames the chief families of this race to denote heir or successor to property, na 5-Ceajic. 51 A tribute this for their territory, originally, Noble is he Avho ordained it, Not [on account] of ignobility in the vigorous hosts of the Deise, But of the nobleness of the plain of Caiseal. That is the tribute of Mumha, perpetual, Until the end of time shall come, Patrick, of this city over cities, In the time of Core adjusted it THE EIGHT. THESE ARE further the inculcations of Benean, son of Sescnean, the psalmist of Patrick. He was of the Cianachta 1 of Gleann Gemhin, of the race of Tadhg, son of Cian of great Mumha (Munster), i. e. that the comharba m of Caiseal is a general head of all, inasmuch as he is the comharba of Patrick ; and when the king of Caiseal is not king of Eire, the government of the half of Eire is due to him, i. e. from Tigh Duinn 11 , in the west of Eire, to Ath Cliath (Dublin) of Leinster. The hereditary receivers of stipends and the attendants of the king of Caiseal are the race of Breasal Breac , i. e. the Osraidhe. The Lein- stermen are bound to come to attend the king of Caiseal any day in battle, against Conn p or aliens. The Gaill (foreigners) of Ath Cliath (Dublin ) q , and the exiles in Eire which is the true meaning of it when it of this Breasal Breac, are descended the is not applied to the representatives of Osraidhe (i. e. the men of Ossory). See saints or founders of churches. p. 17, note a , supra. n Tigh Duinn, i. e. the house of Doim. P Against Conn, i. e. against the descen- This name is applied to three islands at dant of Conn of the Hundred Battles, who the mouth of the bay of Ceami Mara (Ken- were the dominant race in the northern mare), now called the Cow, Bull, and Calf. half of Ireland. Donn, the sonofMileadh (Milesius), is q The Gaill 'of Ath Cliath, i. e. the North- said to have been lost here when the Mile- men, Ostmen, &c, of Dublin. The first peo- sian colony from Spain attempted to land pie to whom the Irish applied the term were, on the coast of Kerry, and hence, his spirit a colony of Galli from the coast of France, having been believed to haunt the place who settled in Ireland, tempore Labhra where he was lost, the place received the Loingseach, A. M. 3682. See O'Fla. name of Tigh Duinn. See Keating's His- Ogygia, part iii. c. 139, p. 262 : and Keat- tory of Ireland (Haliday's edition), p. 292, ing, in the reign of Labhraidh. It after- and 0' Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. e. 16. wards came to signify any invaders, but it ° Breasal Breac. — From Connla, the son was usually applied, before 1172, to the E2 52 Ceabhap [up ceana] oula laip 1 (£)-ceanb cacha ap (b^celgub a (b)-c!p; ^ oli£io aipcib ap coicpich 6 Chonbaccuib. Ipeao bno pop [p]uaip pin cpopcao do naebaiB imoaib 1 (b)-Uemaip, -| piabe pa 33 culach chijeapnaip oo 6aijnib co car t)poma Deapjaioi, tip lp ano bo bach poppo a (j)-cuio bo mag TTI161 conub 54 bileap cloinoi Neill 6 pin llle. lpeab imoppo poo baibi plaich" Ceampach cpopcao pdopaic co n-a riiuincep pop Caejaipi mac Neill, ocup cpopcab Ruaoan Ccchpa mac Qenjupa co na naebaib Gpinb pop t)(h)iapmaib mac CepBaill, -| pop ceichpi pinib na Ueampach; -| po jellpab na naeib- pin nd biab ceach 1 (b)-Ceamaip 6 6aejaipe nd 6 ptl Neill, co m-beicli 6 ptl n-Gililla Lllaim. Upi pij bno ll-Ceich TTloja nach (b^cupjnab cfp 00 pij Caipil .1. pij Oppaioi -| pi Raichleano 1 pi 6aca 6em: be quibup 6enen mac Sepcneun in pailm-ceaclaib [dijcic]: 6GN6N — beanoachc pop in n-gen, bo pao-po a palcaip Caipil, peancup each pij lp a pach lp beach lmcheic cip murhan. ■Ri Caipil, 'n-a s6 chinb op chdeh, ipeab pil punn co ci in bpdc, Norwegians, &c, who first began to in- lies of the southern Ui Neill (Xepotes fest the coasts of Ireland in the year 795. Nelli, as they are called by Adamnan, See Dubhaltach Mac Firbisigh's genealogical Vita Columba, lib. i. c 49), were the fol- work (Lord Roden's copy), p. 3G4, and lowing, viz, O'Maoilsheachluin (O'Melagh- Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, p (303, n. 11. lin), Mac Catharnaigh, in later ages call- r Border tribute, i.e. for preserving their ed Sionnach (i.e. Fox), Mac Eochagain border from hostile encroachment. (Mageogbegan), O'Maolmhuaidh (O'Mol- * The battle of Druim Deargaidh. — loy), O'Coindhealbhain (O'Quinlan). ( ')'(.>- According to the Annals of the Four Mas- allaigh (O'Kellj-) of Breagh or Bregia, and ters, this battle was fought in the year 507, several others, who sunk into insignificance between Fiacha, tin- son of Niall of the Nine soon after the English invasion. Hostages, ancestor of the family of Mac u The fasting of Ruadhan of Lotkair, Eochagain (Mageoghegans), and the Lein- i. e. (by bis name in Latin) St. Rodanus, stermen, when the latter were defeated. the patron saint of Lortha (Lorha), now 1 Claim NeiU, i. e. the descendants of a small village in the barony of Lower Niall of the Nine Hostages. After the esta- Ormond, Tipperary, and six miles to the blishment of surnames, the principal fami- north of Burrisokan* (recte Burgheis Ua na 5-Cecqic. ,53 are bound to attend with him into battle, tor maintaining them in their territory; and he is entitled to a border tribute 1 " from the men of Con- nacht. The cause that he obtained this was, that many saints had tasted at Teamhair, which was the royal hill of the Leinstermen till the battle of Druim Deargaidh s , when it passed away from them, and their part of the plain of Midhe has been the lawful property of the Clann NeilF ever since. The cause of the extinction of the regality of Teamhair was the fasting of Patrick and his people against Laeghaire, the son of Niall, and the fasting of Ruadhan of Lothair", the son of Aengus, with the saints of Eire, against Diarmaid, son of Cearbhall, and against the Four Tribes of Teamhair' ; and these saints promised [i. e. predicted] that there should not be a house at Teamhair of the race of Laeghaire, or of the seed of Niall, [but] that there should be of the race of Oilioll 01um w . There are three kings in Leath Mhogha, who do not render tribute to the king of Caiseal, i.e. the king of Osraidhe, the king of Raith- leann, and the king of Loch Lein ; concerning which Benean, the son of Sescnean, the psalmist, said : BENEAN — a blessing on the man, [Is he] who put this in the psalter of Caiseal, The history of every king and his income, The best that walk the land of Mumha. The king of Caiseal, as head over all, Is what is here [ordained] until the [day of] judgment, Cathain). For the whole story relating no authority for this promise or prediction to the cursing of Tara, in 5C3, by this of the saints in any of the Lives of Saint saint, sec Petrie's Antiquities of Tara Hill, Patrick, or even in that of Rodanus, who page 101. was himself of the race of Oilioll Olum. * The Four Tribes of Tarn. — After the According to the genealogies of the saints, establishment of surnames these were the collected by the O'Clerighs, St. Ruadhan families of O'h-Airt (O'Harts), O'Riagain Lothra was the son of Fearghus Birn (not (O'Regans), O'Ceallaigh (O'Kellys) of Aengus, as above in the text), who was Breagh, and OConghalaigh(O'Connollys). son of Eochaidh, son of Deardubh, son of Sic Battle of Magh Rath, pp. 9, 10, and Daire Cearba, the ancestor of the family supra, p. 32, note'. of O'Donnabhain (O'Donovans), and the " Oftht race of Oilioll alum. — There is fourth in descent from Oilioll Olum. 54 Ceabhcqi puijell beanbaccan Oe t)uinb, alcoip pdbpaic meic Cllppainb 57 . Caipil, — bo chmo op each chid ace pdopaic, ip 12 i na T2ino aipD-pi in oomain, ip TTIac t)e, — ace pin bleajaio a lino. Qn can nach pi ap 58 Gpinb am uipo-pi Caipil co n-a chain, ip leip baili 59 e&ip uill 6 Qch Cliach co cijib t)uinb. Op bileap Dia olijeao oe pine alainb 60 Oppaibe, uaip cucaio a n-eapaic am do pij Caipil co n-a chain. C'lijeao do pi Caijean lonD each 61 ip cuipn co Caipil cpom, op acup lnbrhap cap muip ipeab oleajap 62 6 6aijnib. Oleajaib Caijm oula leo i n-ajaib ^ a ^ FP' gach gleo, Dia (o)-ci[a]pcap chucu, co ft pip, la pij Caipil a (5)-cop bib. t)lijib pein, pi Caipil chain, cpi ceao n-eabach ap S(h)amam, caeca each n-bub-£opm n-oaca, po comaip each ppim-ehacha 64 . Co peapaoap meic ip mna, uaip ip l n-a leach ica; * The place of great Eibhear (Heber), stating that Ireland was divided between i. e. the southern half of Ireland. See Keat- the two principal sons of Mileadh, " Here- in^, reign of Eireamhon (Heremon). O'Fla- mon" and " Heber ;" that "Heber" go- herty ( Ogygia, part iii. cap. 17), quotes verned the south of Ireland, and that Psaltair na-Bann, as a work written by " Heremon" enjoyed the north, with tb< Aenghus Ceilc De, in the eighth century, monarchy. na 5-Ceapr. 55 The consequence of* the blessing of the Lord God, [And] of the altar of Patrick, son of Alprann. Caiseal, — which excels every head Except Patrick, and the King of the Stars The supreme-king of the world, and the Son of God, — To these [alone] its homage is due. When the supreme-king of Caiseal with his law Is not king of noble Eire, He owns the place of great Eibhear x From Ath Cliath to Donn's houses. Subject to his rights therefore [Arc] the beauteous tribe of the Osraidhe, For they were given as a noble eric y To the king of Caiseal with his law. Bound is the mighty king of Laighin [to render] Steeds and drinking-horns to sloping Caiseal; Gold and riches [brought] across the sea 2 Are what is due from the Leinstermen. The Leinstermen are bound to go with them [the Munstermen] Against the Gaill (foreigners) in every battle, Should they [the foreigners] come to them, truly, The king of Caiseal is bound to drive them out from them. He himself, the king of fair Caiseal, is entitled To three hundred suits of raiment at Samhain [from Leinster], To fifty steeds of dark-grey color In preparation for every great battle. And it is known to children and women, For it is in their behalf this is ; ! Eric, a fine. See in Harris's Edition vol. i. p. 380), says " it may be concluded, "I Ware's Antiquities, vol. ii. c. 11, p. 70, from the quality of some of the subsidiary the observations respecting " eric." presents made by the king of Minister to ' Brought across the sen, i e. imported. his chieftains, that a foreign trade and Dr. O'Brien, in his Dissertations on the commerce was carried on in Ireland in Laws of the Ancient Irish (Vail. Collect. those days." 56 Leabhap olijeao do each pij lap pin, ap a (o)-celcao 'n-a (o)-cipib fo . Qn ran pa pioach ppip 6eaeh inopi moipi mac lTlileao, 0I1516 cam Connacc, cean cleich, ap a (b)-celj5a6 'n-a (o)-cpean 6eich f * Gpeao in oli^eao 67 , — ni 56, caeca oam lp 68 caeca bo, caeca each lp ampa a (b^paill 69 , ceac m-bpac do bpacaib Urhaill. O pa chpaipceaoap na nairh pop C(h)eampaij pochlaca, paip, oo piachc Do pi Caipil chpuinD beannacc p&cpaic 70 mic Qlppaino. Ni bia reach 1 (o)-Ueampaib Pail, — 516 mop an oil o'lnip pail, — ic Caijin, nach ac pil Cum&, co n-oeapneap la cloino n-lulaim 71 . C16 maich m peanchap popp ou, ni leapaijcheap pe laijniu ; a Entitled to the tribute of Connacht, Maille. See further as to fJmhal and the i. e. when Leath Chuinn, orthe northern half clann TTihaille, in the Ui Fhiachrach, of Ireland, is at peace with the king of p. 43, note l , and p. 181, notes ', -i. Caiseal, the latter is entitled to receive c The blessing of Patrick — The writer tribute from the chiefs of Connacht. says, that after the cursing of Teamhair, b Umhall, a territory in the county of the blessing of St. Patrick was transferred Mayo, comprising the baronies of " Bur- to Caiseal, which had never been cursed, rishoole" and " Murresk." These two ter- He next insinuates that the race of Conn ritories are usually called " The Owles," would not be worthy to re-erect Team- by English writers, from their pronuncia- hair, and consequently that the race of tion of Umhall, viz., Oo-al. After the Olioll Olum, who would one day restore the establishment of surnames, the chief family royal seat, would become the dominant of Umhall took the surname of O'Maille, family of Ireland ; but this has not been not from the territory, as is supposed by granted, as the southern annalists do not some modern writers, but from an ancestor even pretend to have had any monarch na 5-Ceapr. 57 Every other king is bound to pay in like manner For maintaining them in their territory. When at peace with him is the Half Of the great island of the sons of Mileadh, He is entitled to the tribute of Connacht a , without concealment, For maintaining them in their great Half [i. e. in Leath Chuinn]. "What they owe is, — [it is] no falsehood, Fifty oxen and fifty cows, Fifty steeds, costly their bridles, A hundred cloaks of the cloaks of UmhalP. Since the saints fasted Against the renowned, noble Teamhair, To the king of round Caiseal has come The blessing of Patrick , son of Alprann. There shall not be a house at Teamhair of Fal, — Though great the reproach," 1 to Inis Fail e , — With the Leinstermen, or the race of Conn, Until erected by the race of 01um f . Though good the history on which I am [engaged], It is not taught by the Leinstermen ; of the race of Olioll Olum after the pe- riod of the cursing, except Feidhlim Mac Criomhthainn and the renowned Brian Borumha. A At Teamhair of Fal, \ O-UectmpaiO pail ; so called from its having the Lia Fail, which was preserved there. This has been translated "Stone of Fate," or " Des- tiny," on what authority deserves inquiry. The same word here rhymes or corresponds with itself in the same sense in this and the succeeding line. See p. 39, n. J. r Inis Fail.- — This was one of the an- cient names of Ireland, and it is said to have been derived from the Lia Fail. See Keating (Haliday's edition), p. llti; also Petrie's Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 135. ' Till they are erected by the race of Olvm, i. e., by the race of Olioll Olum, who were at that period the dominant family of Minister. This prophecy has not been fulfilled, but it is very likely that it was generally believed, in the time of Feidhlim Mac Criomhthainn, king of Caiseal, that the southern race would remove St. Ruadh- an's curse, and re-erect Teamhair, and the same opinion may have prevailed during the reign of Brian Borumha. 58 teabhaji (ii coimecap pe Ceach Cvmio, peanchup Gililla Uluim. Coirheopao-pa 1 (5)-Caipil chdid po pimchap a n-imapbaio do choiceab pail 72 puno pop leach lp a cupgnorii ap aen leach 71 . lp h-e in reach pin Wluriui mop, ip e in od chuiceao in ploj; ip a TTIuirhain mm, meao geall, ip coip dnb-plaichiup Gpeann. 12ob be ich ip meap ip maich a rnumain min co meo patch; mio ip cuipn ip cuipm ip ceol oo peapaib TTIurhan ip eol. Pil cpi prja a 74 muriiam rhoip, a (5)-cdin oo Chaipil ni coip, pi ^abpdn, nd gabchap jeill, pi TCaichleano, pi Cacha Cein. B // is not preserved by Leath Chuinn, i. e. by the inhabitants of the northern half of Ireland. From these lines it is quite evident that the kings of the northern or southern Ui Neill, or those of Leinster, did i nit acknowledge the claim of the race of ( llioll Olum to the sovereignty of Ire- land. Indeed, it appears that the contro- versy which took place between the bards of Ireland respecting the claims of the north- ern and southern Irish kings to supremacy and renown, about the beginning of the seventeenth century (when they were both prostrate), was but a continuation of dis- putes which had existed among them from the earliest ages. To sustain their argu- ments the Munster writers circulated va- rious stories about the bravery of their kings, such as Toraidheacht Cheallachain Chaisil, and other exaggerated tracts : but these, though used to support the bardic disputes, as if they were genuine history, must now be submitted to a sterner histo- ric test than appears to have been applied to them at that time. It would appear from Irish history that the northerns were generally more powerful (excepting only during the time of Brian Borumha), for they defeated the southerns in most of the great battles that had taken place between them, from the battle of Magh Leana (fought A. D. 192), in which Conn of the Hundred Battles defeated Eoghan Mor, the father of Olioll Olum, to the battle of Bealach Mughna (in 908), where Flann Sionna deflated Cormac Mac Cuilleanain! ncc 5-Ceapr. 59 It is not preserved by Leath Chuinn 8 , The history of Oilioll Oluni. I shall preserve at sacred Caiseal All that is claimed in the controversy For the province in which this [palace] is exclusively, And it shall be collected into one house. That is the house of great Mumha (Munster), Those two provinces are the host ; It is in smooth Mumha, highly prized, That the supreme-sovereignty of Eire ought to be. There are corn and fruit 1 ' and goodness In smooth Mumha of much prosperity ; Mead and drinking-horns and ale and music To the men of Mumha are known. There are three kings in great Mumha, Whose tribute to Caiseal is not due, The king of Gabhran' 1 , whose hostages are not to be seized on, The king of Raithleann k , the king of Loch Lein 1 . In the year 1185 the comparative warlike (Ossory); vide supra, p. 17, n. g , p. 40, n. l . characteristics of those rival races of Leath k The king of Raithleann. — This was Mhogha and Leath Chuinn were described the name of the seat of O'Maghthambna as follows, in the partizan language of (O'Mahony), who, according to O'h-Uidh- Giraldus Cambrensis, who held both in rin, was chief of the Cineal m-Bece, whose abhorrence: "Sicut ergo Borealis Hiber- territory extended on both sides of the nhe bellica : sic semper Australia gens sub- river Bandain (Bandon). His territory was dola. Ilia laudis, haec fraudis cupida. Ilia erected into the barony of " Kinelmeaky." Martis, haec artis ope confisa. Ilia viribus In later ages a sept of the same tribe set- nititur, base versutiis. Ilia praeliis, haec tied in Corca Luighe, O'Driscoll's coun- procUtionibus." — Hib. Exp. lib. ii- c. 18. try, where they became masters of the h There are corn and fruit, frc, i.e. Cai- district called Fonn Iartharaeh, or the seal, which was blessed by St. Patrick, and western land, which comprised the parishes which is the palace of a righteous king of " Kilmoe," " Scool," " Kilcrobane," entitled to the monarchy of Ireland, is the " Durris," " Kilmaconoge," and " Cahe- source and fountain of all prosperity, luck, ragh," in the south-west of the county of and affluence to the men of Munster. Cork. 1 Tlir king of Gabhran, i. e. of Osraidhe ' T/it king of Loch Liin. — The ancient 60 Cectbliap No ppieh i paleaip t)e t)ein, peach ni chuilleao 75 nl beibel, 6 lnic co Caipc, — ni chel, a (jr^-Cuipil po baj 6enean. t)dl Caip ni pobao ll-lean, po £abpub pe FP u, r F'P"^ n bo pab co h-ilapoa, cpean, eijjeapna 'c-a m-bai in 6enean. . . . [6GNeCiN]. f-eapai^eab Sealbach [po] in pai, acup Qen^up, ap aen cat, pochap lTluriian, map ao beap, umail po pacaib 76 6enean 6[GNGQN]. C1SQ ITIuman ap meaoon beop ano po bo Chaipil, acup lp each bliaona bo beapap .1. pmachc i biaehab -\ eupjnurh 77 -| paeparh. Cpi dear mapc cheabamup a TTIupcpaibi, i cpi ceab cope acup cpi ceab bo, [no ceab bpac acup ceao bo]. Upi ceao cope i cpi ceab leano -| ceao luljach 6 Uuichnib atib pin. Ceac bo -\ epicha cope -\ epicha mapc -| epicha bpac a h-dpaib inb pin. Seapcac barin -| peapcac mole -\ peapcac bo 6'r\ c-Seachcmab [ann]pm. Caeca bo -\ caeca bam -\ caeca mapc 6 h-Opbpaioib inn pinn. Upi chaeca bam, cpi chaeca luljach 6 t)(h)aippine beop 78 . Upicha bo i epicha bam -| epicha bpac 6 Copco Duibne. [Se ceab bo, pe ceab oath, pe ceao cpanab a Ciappaibi]. Seache (^-ceac bpac, peace (5)-ceac mole, peachc (5)-ceac bo, peachc (5)-ceae cpanao 6 Chopco 6aipcinb. chiefs who were seated at Loch Lein were reduced these and other families of the race of the family of O'Cearbhoill (O'Carrolls,) of Conaire Mor, and erected a new terri- of the race of Aedh Beannan, king of tory, to which was given the name of Minister ; but the family of O'Donnchadha Eoghanacht Locha Lein, and afterwards (O'Donohocs), who were originally seated Eoghanacht Ui Donnchadha, anglicized in the plain of Caiseal, settled at Loch Lein Onagh-I-Donohoe. (the Lake of Killarney), and dispossessed or '" Sealbhach the sage — He was a Mun- na 5-Ceapc. 61 There was found in the psalter of the God of Purity, It was neither more nor less, That from Shrovetide to Easter, — I shall not conceal it, At Caiseal Benean remained. The Dal Chais were not in grief, They followed a host of holy men Given to them copiously, mightily, By the lord with whom Benean was BENEAN. Let Sealbhach the sage m preserve, And Aenghus n , in the same manner, The privileges of Mumha, as I say, As Benean left [them] BENEAN. THE TRIBUTES of Mumha in general further here to Caiseal, and it is every year they are rendered, i. e., submission and refection and attendance and provision. In the first place, three hundred beeves from the Muscraidhe, and three hundred hogs and three hundred cows, or a hundred cloaks and a hundred coics. Three hundred hogs and three hundred mantles and a hundred milch-cows from the men of Uaithne. A hundred cows and thirty hogs and thirty beeves and thirty cloaks from the men of Ara. Sixty oxen and sixty wethers and sixty cows from the Seachtmhadh. Fifty cows and fifty oxen and fifty beeves from the Orbhraidhe (Orrery). Three times fifty oxen, three times fifty milch-cows from the Dair- f hine moreover. Thirty cows and thirty oxen and thirty cloaks from Corca Dhuibhne. Six hundred cows, six hundred oxen, six hundred sows from the Ciarraidhe. Seven hundred cloaks, seven hundred wethers, seven hundred cows, seven hundred sows from Corca Bhaiscinn. ster poet who was contemporary with the See O'Reilly's Irish writers, p. 61. famous Cormac Mac Cuilleanain, king of u Aenghus — See the Introduction, and Mumha (Munsier), and Bishop of Caiseal. p. ii3, note". 62 Ceabhccji Ceo caepuch i ceac cpdnab -\ beich (5)-ceac bam -| beich (5)-ceac bpac 79 6 C(h)opcampuao. TDili bam i mill caepach -| mill bpac i mill luljach 6 na Oepib. Ceo bo a h-Opbpaioi -| ceac bpac pinb -\ ceac cpdna6. Hi icaio Gojanacc nach cip, dp 80 if leo na peapinba po^naib Caipil 81 . Mi fcaib clanba Caip, no "Raichlinb 92 , no a ^leanb Gmam, no a £,ochaib Cein, no a h-Uib pijinnci, no a h-Qine Cliach; conao aipi-pin ab beapc in bap buaoa 6enen in ouain 93 : CIS CaiSIC in cualabaip b'd 84 cupaib 6 chdch? a (b)uibni 'c-d m-buan pdjail each bliabain co bpdeh 84 . Upi ceac mapc a TTIupcpaibi ap jupc, — nocho 56, cpi ceac cope, nach cupcbuibi, ceac bpac ip ceac bo. Upi chec cope 6 Uaichnib s6 00 Chaipiul can choll; cpi ceac leanb, ip Ian puaichnij, la ceac luljach lono. Cpicha cope nd copjabaib, epicha mapc ip mop, epicha bpac 6 bopb Gpaib, ceac n-65-bo 01a n-6l. Seapca oam ppi bdij-peachcmain, peapca copp-molc ciap, peapca glan bo o^n glan c-Seachcmao bo Chaipil na cliap. " The tribute of Caiseal The tributes these for the support of his household, and here mentioned are different from those also of his troops, in time of war. mentioned in the first poem. The first v Museraidhe. — See p. 42, note !', supra. were, probably, for the support of the 1 Vaithne. — See p. 45, note x , supra. king's household in time of peace; and r Ara — Seep. 4G, note y, supra. na 5-Ceapc. 63 A hundred sheep and a hundred sows and ten hundred oxen and ten hundred cloaks from Coreamruadh. A thousand oxen and a thousand sheep and a thousand cloaks and a thousand milch-cows from the Deise. A hundred cows from the Orbhraidhe, and a hundred Avhite cloaks, and a hundred sows. The Eoghanachts pay no tribute, for theirs are the lands which serve Caiseal. The Clanna Chais, or [the people] of Raithleann, or of Gleann Amhain, or of Locha Lein, or of the Ui Fhighinnte, or of Aine Cliach, pay no tribute; concerning which the highly-gifted son, Benean, composed this poem : THE TRIBUTE OF CAISEAL have ye heard For its heroes from all? Its troops constantly receive them Every year for ever. Three hundred beeves from the Muscraidhe p On the field, — 'tis no falsehood, Three hundred hogs, not fit for journeying, A hundred cloaks and a hundred cows. Three hundred hogs from the men of Uaithne q To Caiseal without failure; Three hundred mantles, all variegated, "With a hundred strong milch-cows. Thirty hogs which are not able to rise, Thirty beeves which are large, Thirty cloaks from the fierce men of Ara r , A hundred young cows for [the sake of] drinking [their milk]. Sixty oxen for a good week's [feast], Sixty smooth black wethers, Sixty fine cows from the fine Seachtmhadh s For Caiseal of the companies. 5 Seachtmhadh See p. 49, note', supra. are mentioned in an order in this, different Here it will be observed that the territories from that used in the first poem. G4 Ceabhaji Caeca an bo a h-Opbpai6i, caeca mupc pia 97 meap, caeca oarh can oobbuioi do Chaipil cean cheap. Upi cheo oarh 6 t)(h)aippine, 6'n oaim-pea o'a b-(c)op, pe ceac lul^ach, Ian buib] ss , 6 clanbaib TTlec-con. Cpicha cap bpar, ceac-(p)uaici 89 , ip copcaip nop 90 cum, cpica Oaj bo a Duibneachaib, cpica oarh a Dpuing 91 . Seachc (j)-ceac cpain 92 a Ciappaibi, peachc (£)-ceac bo, — ni bpeaj, peachc (j)-ceac oarh a oiarh ooipib 9J oo Chaipil na (^)-ceaz. Seachc (j)-ceac bpac 6 6(h)aipcneachaib, peachc (j)-ceac mole, nach mael, peachc (£)-ceac bo 6 94 buip-ceachaib, peachc (g)-ceac cpain 95 , nach cael. t)leajap a cpich Copcampuab, ceac caepach, ceac cpan, beich (j)-ceac oarh a oonn 6oipinb, mill bpac, nach ban. I Orbkraidhe, Opbpaibe in the text, but always now Opbpaioe, and anglice Orrery, a barony in the north-west of the county of Cork. The tribe who gave their name to this territory were descended from Fereidheach, the son of Fearghus, king of Uladh (Ulster), in the first century. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 46. This territory is not mentioned in the first poem. II Dairfhine — This was one of the tribe- names of the family of O'h-Eidirsceoil (O'Driscolls), and their correlatives, who possessed a territory co-extensive with the diocese of " Ross," in the south-west of the county of Cork. In the first poem they are called Corca Luighe. See p. 46, note a , supra. "Mac-con. — He was Lughaidh Mac-con, who became monarch of Ireland in the year 2.50. He was the head of the Corca na 5-Ceapc. 65 Fifty fine cows from the Orbhraidhe 1 , Fifty beeves to be estimated, Fifty oxen without staggering, To Caiseal without sorrow. Three hundred oxen from Dairfhine" From this sept to their lord, Six hundred milch-cows, right good, From the septs of Mac-con v . Thirty napped cloaks with the first sewing Which are trimmed with purple ; Thirty good cows from the men of Duibhneach w , Thirty oxen from Drung. Seven hundred sows from the Ciarraidhe*, Seven hundred cows, — no falsehood ; Seven hundred oxen from the gloomy oak forests, From Caiseal of the hundreds. Seven hundred cloaks from the men of Baiscneach y , Seven hundred wethers, not hornless, Seven hundred cows from their cowsheds, Seven hundred sows, not slender. There are due from the country of Corcumruadh* A hundred sheep, a hundred sows, Ten hundred oxen from brown Boirinn, A thousand cloaks, not white. Luighe or Dairfhine, and the ancestor of century. The country of Corcumruadh, O'h-Eidirsceoil. See last note. as can be proved from various authorities, w Duibhneach, i. e. from the Corca Duibh- was co-extensive with the diocese of " Kil- ne in Kerry. See p. 47, note e , supra. fenora," and comprised the present baronies * Ciarraidhe See p. 48, note f , supra. of " Corcomroe" and " Burren," in the ? Baiscneach See p. 48, note e, supra. county of Clare. After the establishment 1 Corcumruadh., i. e. the descendants of surnames, the two chieftains and rival of Modh Ruadh, the third son of Fearghus, families of this race took the surnames of dethroned king of Ulster, by Meadhbh O'Conchobhair (O'Conor), and O'Lochlainn (Mauda), queen of Connacht in the first (O'Loughlin), and in course of time divided F 66 Lectbhcqi Oeich (j)-c6ac Dam a t)eipeachaib, mill caepach caerii, mill bpac co m-bdn chopaip, mill bo ap m-bpeich laej. Cec 6 peapaib Opbpaioi oo Buaib beapchap 06; ceac bpac pino co pino Chaipil, ceac cpdnao ppi* cpo. Ni 00 olea^ap 97 bo Go^anacc cip na bep co bpap, dp lp leo na peapmoa pojnaio* Caipil cap. [Ni oli£ ou clannaib Caip cip Caipil na (j)-cuan; ni 0I15 a ^lenn Gmain, naca TCaiclinn puao.] Ni oleajap" 6 laechaib Cem nach a ^aBaip jaipj, ni olea^ap o' (U)ib Pioinci nacha a h-Qine dipo. the territory equally between them, O'Co- nor, the senior, retaining the western por- tion, which still retains the original name, and O'Lochlainn the eastern portion, which from its rocky surface is called Boirinn (Anglice Burren, or Burrin). The territory of Corcumruadh is omitted in the first poem, but it is probable that Boirinn is sub- stituted for it, in the same way as Dairbhre is put for Corca Dhuibhne. a Deise — See p. 49, note k , supra. b Orbhraidhe, already mentioned in this poem, p. 64, note \ supra. c The Eoghanachts. — These were the descendants of Eoghan Mor, the eldest son of Oilioll Olum, and ancestor of the family of Mac Carthaigh (Mac Carthys) and their correlatives, in south Minister. See O'Fla- herty's Ogygia, p. iii. c. 67. Dr. O'Brien (Vail. Collect, p. 384), says that "all the tribes descended from Oilioll Olum by his three sous, Eoghan Mor, Cormac Cas, and Cian, were considered as free states, ex- empted from the payment of annual tribute for the support of the king's household." d That serve Caiseal, i. e. that supply forces to assist the king in his wars at their own expense. e Heroes of Lein, i. e. of Loch Lein (Lake of Killarney). na 5-Cecqir;. 07 Ten hundred oxen from the Deise a , A thousand fine sheep, A thousand cloaks with white borders, A thousand cows after calving. A hundred from the men of the Orbhraidhe h Of cows are given to him ; A hundred white cloaks to fair Caiseal, A hundred sows for the sty. The Eoghanachts c owe to him no tribute Nor custom readily, For to them belong the lands Which serve fair Caiseal d . The clann of Cas are not liable To the tribute of Caiseal of the companies: It is not due from Gleann Amhain Nor from red Eaithlinn. No tribute is due of the heroes of Lein e Nor of the fierce Gabhair f : No tribute is due of the Ui Fidhgheinte 8 Nor of the noble Aine h . 1 Gabhair, i. e. of Gabhran. See p. 40, note ', supra. S The Ui Fidhgheinte The people who bore this appellation possessed that portion of the county of Limerick lying to the west of the River Maigh (Maigue), besides the barony of " Coshma'' in the same county. In the time of Mathghamhain (Mahon), king of Munster, and his brother Brian B-orumha, Donnobhan (Donovan), the pro- genitor of the family of 0' Donovan, was called king of this territory, but his race were driven from these plains by the Fitz- geralds, Burkes, and O'Briens, a few years anterior to 1201, when Amblaoibh O Don- nobhain (Auliffe O'Donovan) was seated in Cairbre in the county of Cork, having a few years before effected a settlement there among the tribe of 0' h-Eidir- sceoil (O'Driscolls) by force of arms. These people were exempt from tribute as being the seniors of the " Eugenian" line, being descended from Daire Cearba, the grand- father of the great monarch Criomhthann Mor Mac Fidhaigh. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, pp. 380, 381, and Cath Mhuighe Rath, pp. 338-340, note s. h Aine, i. e. of Eoghanacht Aine, situate around " Knockany", Limerick, the chief of which was O'Ciarmhaic (Kirby). f2 68 Uabhcqi Sochap maipeach mop Chaipil meampaio leue cac mip; ni muc ap beino TTlumaine nech co caingne cip." CIS. ITIipi 6enen binopoclach, bap buaoa map Bip, puapip, a cpeib m^aneaij, oo Chaipil a chip CIS CdlSlfc. r"UQRQSU^Q pi£ Caipil oo pi^aib a ehuaeh : Q leaeldm cheaoup, acup oeich n-eich acup oeicb n-eppijacup od pdlaij acup od pichhall oo pij Odil Caip; acup copacb laip a (5)-cptch anechtaip, acup lope lap (g)-cdch. t)eich n-eich acup oeich (5)-cuipn acup oeicb (5)-clai6ib acup oeicb pceie acup oeicb pcinji acup od pdlaij acup od piehchill oo p's 5 a °P" ,n inD r in * Oeich n-eich acup oeich mooaij acup oeich mnd acup oeich (j)-cuipn oo pij Gojanacc in ran nach pi Caipil. Ochc moouio acup oce mnd acup ochc (5)-clai6im acup ochc n-jabpa acup ochc pceirh acup oeich longa oo pij na (n)-tDepi. Coic eich acup coic macail acup cuic cuipnn acup cuic claioim oo pij h-Ua Ciaehdin. Oeich n-eic acup oeich (^)-cuipn acup oeich pceich acup oeich (5)-clai6ib acup oeich luipeacha oo pij Raiehleano. Seachc n-eich acup peachc n-inaip acup peace (j)-coin acup pechc luipeacha oo pij Ulupcpaici. Seachc (jj-claioim acup peachc (j)-cuipn acup peachc luip- eacha acup pechc lonja acup pechc n-eich oo pij Oaippine. Seachc (5)-coin acup peace n-eich acup peachc (5)-cuipn oo pij t)aippine in c-(p)leibi. Seachc n-eich acup peachc (g)-cuipn acup peachc (5)-clai6ib acup peace pceich acup peachc (5)-coin oo pi Cacha £em. Seachc mnd acup peachc macail co n-6p, acup peachc (;c)-cuipn acup pechc n-eich oo pij Ciappaioi 6uachpa. Seachc n-eich acup pechc pceich acup pechc (;$)-clai6ib acup pechc lonja acup pechc luipeacha oo pi Ceimi in Chon. na 5-Ceaiic. 09 The goodly income of great Caiseal Remember thou every month ; No one is a son on the lap of Mumha Until he exacts tribute THE TRIBUTE. I am Benean the sweet- worded, Gifted son as I was, I have discovered, oh wonderful tribe, For Caiseal its tribute THE TRIBUTE OF CAISEAL. THE STIPENDS of the king of Caiseal to the kings of his terri- tories : A seat by his side in the first place, and ten steeds and ten dresses and two rings and two chess-boards to the king of Dal Chais; and to go with him in the van to an external country, and follow in the rear of all on his return. Ten steeds and ten drinking-horns and ten swords and ten shields and ten scings and two rings and two chess-boards to the king of Gabhran. Ten steeds and ten bondmen and ten women and ten drinking-horns to the king of the Eoghanachts when he is not king of Caiseal. Eight bondmen and eight women and eight swords and eight horses and eight shields and ten ships to the king of the Deise. Five steeds and five matals and five drinking-horns and five swords to the king of Ui Liathain. Ten steeds and ten drinking-horns and ten shields and ten swords and ten coats of mail to the king of Raithlinn. Seven steeds and seven tunics and seven hounds and seven coats of mail to the king of the Muscraidhe. Seven swords and seven drinking-horns and seven coats of mail and seven ships and seven steeds to the king of Dairfhine. Seven hounds and seven steeds and seven drinking-horns to the king of Dairfhine of the mountain. Seven steeds and seven drinking-horns and seven swords and seven shields and seven hounds to the king of Loch Lein. Seven women and seven matals [trimmed] with gold, and seven drinking-horns and seven steeds to the king of the Ciarraidhe Luaclna. Seven steeds and seven shields and seven swords and seven ships and seven coats of mail to the king of Leim na Con. 70 Ceabhaji t)eich n-eich do pij h-Ua Conaill ^abpa, acup oeich pceich acup oeich (5)-cluioib acup oeich (£)-cuipn; acup jan jiallu uao ace luju po lairh pij Caipil. Sechc n-eich do pij h-Ua Caipppi, acuppeachc (£)-cuipno acup peachc (5)-clai6irh acup pechc n-gilla acup peachc mojaioh. Ochc (5)-cuipnn oo chupaio Cliach, acup ochc (5)-claioirh acup ochc n-eich, od pdlaij acup od pichchill. Seachc n-eich acup peachc (j)-cuipnn acup pechc pceich acup pechc (5)-claioirh oo pij ^leano Grhnach. Ochc n-eich acup ochc (5)-claioirh acup ochc (;r)-cuipn, la gpdoaib placha acup dipo-pi j, oo pi£ na n-Uaichni. Ochc n-eich oo pij Gill, ochc pceich acup ochc (5)-clai6irh acup ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc luipeacha. Ice pin cuapipcal na pij, amail ao peo in pili, .1. 6enen : a eo^ai^ murhciN moipi, mapuo cuiriineach canoine, eipij, lp leapaij 'n-a chij ceapc pij Caipil 6 chpichaib. Uopach laip 1 (o)-cip n-aili la pi Odl Caip — ni cede; lopg na pij Odil Caip in ceoil, ic caioeacc 1 epich n-aineoil. Oeich n-eich 00 pij ^abpdin 5-uipm 6 pij Odla, acup oeich (5)-cuipn, oeich (5)-claioirh, oeich pceich, oeich pcinj, bd Falaij lp od pichchill. i The first with him, i. e. to lead the van. m Two rings and two chess-boards J Dal Chais, i. e. the families of O'Briain Dr. O'Brien renders this " two cloaks and (O'Briens), Mac Maghthamhna (Mac Ma- two suits of military array" ( Collectan. p. hons), Mac Conmara (Mac Namara), 375); and in his Irish Dictionary he ex- O'Deaghaidh (O'Deas), O'Cuinn (O'Quins), plains Fithcheal, "a full or complete ar- and their correlatives in the county of Clare. mour, consisting of corslet, helmet, shield, k King of Gabhran See p. 40, note '. buckler, and boots," &c. But this meaning 1 Tenscings Sging, "part of the trap- of the word seems drawn merely from the pings of a horse." — O'Reilly's Ir. Diet. stores of his own imagination, as it never na 5-Ceapc. 71 Ten steeds to the king of Ui Chonaill Ghabhra, and ten shields and ten swords and ten drinking-horns ; and no hostage [is asked] from him except to swear by the hand of the king of Caiseal. Seven steeds to the king of Ui Chairbre, and seven drinking-horns and seven swords and seven serving-youths and seven bondmen. Eight drinking-horns to the hero [king] of Cliach, and eight swords and eight steeds, two rings and two chess-boards. Seven steeds and seven drinking-horns and seven shields and seven swords to the king of Gleann Amhnach. Eight steeds and eight swords and eight drinking-horns, with the office [of chief officer of trust] of a sovereign and monarch, to the king of the men of Uaithne. Eight steeds to the king of Eile, eight shields and eight swords and eight drinking-horns and eight coats of mail. Such are the stipends of the kings, as the poet said, i. e. Benean : YE LEARNED OF MUMHA the great, If ye are mindful of the canon, Arise, and proclaim in his house The right of the king of Caiseal from his territories. The first with him' into another country Belongs to the king of Dal ChaisJ — I will not conceal it ; To take the rear of the king belongs to the Dal Chais of music, On coming from a strange land. Ten steeds to the king of blue Gabhran k From the king of Dala, and ten drinking-horns, Ten swords, ten shields, ten scings 1 , Two rings and two chess-boards 1 ". bore any meaning among the ancient or meaning for piCceall, namely, a "phi- modern Irish, but a chess-board of a qua- losopher," a meaning which he inferred drangular form, marked with black and from Cormac's conjectural derivation of the white spots. See Cormac's Glossary, in term, which states that the black and white voce. O'Reilly, who copies O'Brien ver- spo ts on the board had a mystical signi- batim in too many of his explanations, has fieation. — See the passage from Cormac. avoided this, but he gives us an additional cited p. 35, note ", supra. 72 Leabhaji Oeich mo6ai6, oeich mna mopa acup oeich (j)-cuipn chorhola, menib leip Caipil nu (j)-cachr, oeich n-eich oo pij Gojunacc. Ochr mooaio, ochc mnd oonoa do pij t)epi, lp oeich lonja, ochc pceich, ochc (5)-clai6irh p6 5U111, ip ochr n-jubpa rap jlap-muip. Cuic eich, cuic macail co n-6p, acup cuic cuipn pe coiiiol, ciiic claioirh pe cop each aip 00 pij laechoa h-Ua Ciachain. Oeich n-eich 00 pi£ Raichlecmo puaio, oeich (j)-cuipn 6 pij Caipil chpucuo, n Ten horns, Sfc Dr. O'Brien trans- lates this " ten golden cups," but " golden" is added by himself. Unless Caiseal belong to him, i. e. when the king of Caiseal was of the Dal Chais. According to the Will of Oilioll Okun, the kings of Caiseal were to be alternately- elected from the descendants of his sons, Eoghan Mor and Cormac Cas. In the early ages the stock of Mac Carthaigh (the Mac Cartkys), O'Ceallachain (the O'Callagh- ans), and O'Donnchadha (the O'Dono- hoes), were the chiefs of Eoghanacht Chaisil; but immediately before the Eng- lish invasion the tribe of Mac Carthaigh were by far the most powerful of all the Eoghanachts. Dr. O'Brien says that " the O'Donoghoes of Eoghanacht Chaisil were of a different stock from those of Loch Lein" (Collectan. vol. i. p. 375); but in this he is undoubtedly mistaken, for the family of O'Donnchadha (O'Donoghoes) of Ixich Lein were the most royal family of that name in Munster, for their ancestor, Dnbh-da-bhoireann, who was slain in 957, was king of Minister, and his son Domh- nall commanded the forces of south Mun- ster (Desmond) at the battle of Cluain- tarbh, in 1014. p Deise — See p. 49, note k , and p. 66, note a , supra. It will again be observed that ships are presented to the chiefs of ter- ritories verging on the sea. t Across the sea, i. e. imported. See p. 55, note z . r With gold, i. e. ornamented with gold. O'Brien makes this "a sword and shield of the king's own wearing, one horse richly accoutred, and one embroidered cloak." — ( Collect, vol. i. p. 378). There does not seem to be anything to warrant this translation. s Ui Licit hain. — This tribe derived their name and origin from Eochaidh Liatha- nach, the son of Daire Cearba. After the establishment of surnames, O'Liathain and 0' h-Anmchadha were the chief families of na 5-Ceajic. 73 Ten bondmen, ten large women And ten horns for carousing", Unless Caiseal of the prisons belong to him , Ten steeds to the king of the Eoghanachts. Eight bondmen, eight brown-haired women To the king of the Deise p , and ten ships, Eight shields, eight swords for wounding, And eight horses [brought] across the green sea q . Five steeds, five matals with gold 1 ", And five horns for carousing, Five swords for all slaughter To the heroic king of Ui Liathain s . Ten steeds to the king of red Eaithlinn 1 , Ten drinking-horns from the king of hardy Caiseal, this tribe. After the English invasion their territory was granted to Kobert Fitzste- phen, who granted it to Philip de Barry, as appears from the confirmation charter of king John, who, in the eighth year of his reign, confirmed to William de Barry, the son and heir of this Philip, "the three cantreds of Olethan, Muscherie-Dunegan, and Killede." Now, we leam from Giral- dus (Hib. Exp. lib. ii. c. 18, 19) that when Fitzstephen and Milo de Cogan came to a partition, by lot, of the seven cantreds granted them by Henry II., the three can- treds to the east of the city of Cork fell to Fitzstephen, and the four to the west fell to the lot of De Cogan. We know also from Irish history, that the present village of Castle-Lyons, or Caislean Ui Liathain, a nd the island called Oilean mor ArdaNeimhidh, now the " Great Island," near Cork, were in l'i Liathain, which gives us a good idea of its position and even extent, and from these facts we may infer with certainty that the three cantreds confirmed by King John, namely, "Olethan, Muscherie-Dunegan, and Killede," are included in the baronies of " Barryrnore," ' ' Kinatalloon," and " Imo- killy," in the county of Cork, and " Cosh- more" and " Coshbride" in that of Water- ford. Harris asserts, in his edition of Ware's Antiquities, p. 50, that "Hy-Lia- thain is a territory in the south of the county of Waterford, in the barony of De- cies, on the sea coast, opposite to Youghal. But this is unworthy of Han-is, who ought to have known that " Olethan," which be- longed first, after the Anglo-Norman inva- sion, to Fitzstephen, and passed from him to Barry, was not on the east side of the river of Eochaill (Youghall), but on the west, for in the charter of Henry II. to Robert Fitzstephen and Milo de Cogan, he giants them the lands "as far as the water near Lismore, which runs between Lismore and Cork." 1 King of Ruithlinn. — See p. 59, note k . 74 Leabhaji oeich pceich, oeich (5)-clai6irh chalma, oeich luipeacha Idn baoba. Seachc n-eich, peachc n-maip oeapja, peachc (j)-coin pe caichim pealja, peachc luipeacha 1I-I6 jailli oo'n pip p'd m-btao TTlupcpaioi. Seachc (5)-clai6irh, peachc (j)-cuipn chama, peace luipeacha, pechc lonja, peachc n-eich ppi paijine peapc do pij t)aippine in oepceapc. Seachc (^)-coin ppi copao n-dioi, peace n-eich, a n-dipeavh n-aile, pechc (5)-cuipn ppi caicheajh pepi Oo pij Daipbpi in oai£ pleibi. Seachc n-eieh oo pij; 6acha 6£in, pechc (5)-cuipn, pechc (5)-claioirh oo cen, peachc pceich, a n-dipearii n-uaeaio, peachc (£)-coin dilli a n-Ippluachaip. Seachc macail co m-buinoib o'op, acup peachc (;$)-cuipno ppi corhol, peachc n-eich, ni h-iapmcupi oaill, oo pij Ciappaioi in choriilaino. Seachc n-eich oo laech in 6eimi, peachc pceich co peach na jpeni, peace (5)-clai6riu cpoma caeha, peace longa, peachc luipeacha. u Muscraidhe — See p. 42, note v , supra. graphical poem, this territory is called Ur- v Dairfhine — See p. 46, note z , on Corca luachair, and the country of O'Caoimh Luighe, and p. 64, note u , supra. (O'Keeffe). Its position is marked by the w Dairbhre. — This shoidd be Dairfhine. crown lands of "Pobble O'Keeffe," situate See p. 47, note e , supra. in the barony of " Duhallow," on the con- x Loch Lein — See p. 59, note ', supra. fines of the counties of Cork, Limerick, - v Irrluachair — In O'h-Uidhrin's topo- and Kerry, and containing about 9,000 ncc 5-Ceapc. 75 Ten shields, ten swords fit for war, Ten coats of mail full strong. Seven steeds, seven red tunics, Seven hounds for the purpose of the chase, Seven coats of mail for the day of valour To the man under whom are the Muscraidhe u . Seven swords, seven curved drinking-horns, Seven coats of mail, seven ships, Seven steeds bounding over hills To the king of Dairf hine v in the south. Seven hounds to chase down stags, Seven steeds, in another enumeration, Seven drinking-horns for the banquet To the king of Dairbhre w (Dairfhine) of the good mountain. Seven steeds to the king of Loch Lein x , Seven drinking-horns, seven swords [imported] from afar, Seven shields, at the smallest reckoning, Seven beautiful hounds in Irrluachair y . Seven matals with ring-clasps of gold, And seven horns for carousing, Seven steeds, not used to falter, To the king of the Ciarraidhe z of the combat. Seven steeds to the hero of the Leap a , Seven shields with the brightness of the sun, Seven curved swords of battle, Seven ships, seven coats of mail. statute acres ; but this territory was origi- z Ciarraidhe See p. 48, note f , supra. rally much more extensive, for we learn a Hero of the Leap, i. e. king of Corca from Cormac's Glossary, in voce, that the Bhaiscinn. He was so called from Leim mountains called Da Chioch Danann, now Chonchulainn, now Loop-head (rectius "the Pap mountains," were in this terri- Leap-head), the south-western extremity of ton-. See also Keating's History of Ireland, his territory. Dr. O'Brien asserts, that Holiday's Edit. p. 204. the Leim here referred to is " Leim Con in 76 Leabhap Se h-eich do pij Copcampuao, pe claioriii pe cippab pluaj, pe cuipn, pe pceich po geba, pe coin ailli, aen-jelu. t)eich n-eich bo pij h-Ua n-^abpa, oeich pceich, oeich (5)-clcuoirh chalma, oeich (jrj-cuipn 'n-a bun po oeriie, cean geill uao, cean eicepi. Seachc n-eich oo pij frpoga-pij, peachc (5)-cuipn ap a n-eba pin, pechc (5)-claioini, lp cop popaio, peachc n-gilla, pechc m-ban mojaio. the west of Carberry, of which O'Driscoll oge was chief."— ( Collect, vol. i. p. 379). But in this he is unquestionably wrong, for the people next mentioned are the Cor- cumruadh adjoining Corca Bhaiscinn on the north. See p. 48, note t r , supra, and p. 85, note z , infra. b Corcumruadh (Corcomroe) See p. 65, note z , supra. c Ui Ghabhra, i.e. the Ui Chonail Ghabh- ra, now the baronies of Conillo, in the west of the county of Limerick. After the estab - lishment of surnames, the chief families of this race took the names of O'Coileain (Col- lins), O'Cinfhaelaidh (Kinealy), O'Flann- abhra(Flannery), and Mac Inneirghe (Mac Eniry). Dr. O'Brien says, (Collect, vol. i. p. 377), " that Mac Ennery and O'Sheehan of this race were descended fromMahon, an elder brother of Brian Borumha.'' But for this he had not sufficient authority, for, ac- cording to the pedigrees of the Ui Fidhgheinte (given in the Books of Leacan, and Baile- an-mhota, and by Dubhaltach Mac Firbi- sigh), and in O'h-Uidhrin's topographical poem, Mac Inneirghe is set down as chief of Corca Mhuichet, a sept of the Ui Fidhgheinte ; and the parish of " Castletown Mac Eniry" in the south of the county of Limerick, where he resided, is still called Corca Mhui- chet. The same inaccurate writer asserts in his Irish Dictionary, voce Conall, that " Conall Gabhra, from whom the country of Ibh Conaill Gabhra derives its name, was the ancestor of the stock of the O'Conels, widely spread throughout the counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork ;" but this is not supported by any authority ; and, besides, it contradicts what the same writer says, in his Dissertation, &c. (Collect. vol. i. p. 380), where it is asserted, that " O'Shea, O'Connel, and O'Falvy are all descended from Core, son of Cairbre Muse, son of Conaire, son of Mogh Laimhe, king of Leath Chuinn." This latter statement is nearly correct, according to the Irish ge- nealogical books, but again, the same writer (who appears to have had a bad memory) calls this same Cairbre Muse, " one Cairbre Muse, supposed son of a king of Meath in the beginning of the third century, and of whose progeny no account has ever been na 5-Ceajic. 77 Six steeds to the king of Corcvunruadh b , Six swords for the maiming of hosts, Six drinking-horns, six shields he gets, Six beautiful hounds, all-white. Ten steeds to the king of Ui Ghabhra c , Ten shields, ten swords fit for battle, Ten drinking-horns in his protective fort, Without hostages from him, without pledges. Seven steeds to the king of Brugh-righ d , Seven horns from which wine is drunk, Seven swords, it is a happy engagement, Seven serving-youths, seven bond-women. given." See his Dictionary, voce Muiscrith. If the pedigrees of the O'Sheas, O'Falvys, and O'Connells are traced to him, some ac- count has been given of his descendants. d King of Brugh-righ, i. e. of the Ui Chairbre Aebhdha, who had their seat at Brugh-righ (Bruree), on the river Maigh (Maigue). Dr. O'Brien says, that "the king of Cairbre Aobhdha, who was O'Do- novan, had his principal seat at Brugh-righ, and that his country was that now called Kenry, in the county of Limerick." ( Collect. vol. i. p. 377). This assertion, which has been received as fact by all subsequent writers, is wofully incorrect, for " Kenry" is a small barony lying along the Shannon, in the north of the county of Limerick ; whereas Brugh-righ, its supposed head-resi- dence, is many miles distant from it, in the other end of the county. The fact is, that the country of the Ui Chairbre Aebhdha, of which O'Donnobhain was the chief, compri- sed the barony of " Coshma," the districts around " Bruree" and " Kihnallock" and the plains along the river Maigh (Maigue) on the west side, down to the Shannon. This appears from the traditions in the county which state that O'Donnobhain resided at Brugh-righ, and Cromadh (Croom) on the river Maigh (Maigue) ; from the Feilire Aenghvis, at 26th March, which places Gill DaChealloc (Kihnallock), in Ui Chairbre ; and from O'h-Uidhrin's topographical poem, which states that O'Donnobhain of Dun Chuirc (a name for Brugh-righ, as being one of the seats of Core, king of Minister) possessed, free of tri- bute, jan ciop the lands extending along the Maigh (Maigue), and the plains down to the Seannain (Shannon),— na clctip fiop co Sionnainn. See the Battle of Magh Ragh, p. 340. That Caenraidhe (Kenry) was a part of Ui Chairbre Aebhdha is highly probable, but we have the authority of O'h-Uidhrin to show that O'Maelchallainn (Mulholland), was the chief of Caenraidhe, and that near him was O'Bearga, in the district of Ui Rosa, (now the parish oflveruss, Ulb T2or-a, on the Shannon, and in the barony of Kenry). These were sub-chiefs to O'Don- nobhain as chief of all Ui Fidhgheinte, as he frequently was, and perhaps as chief of Ui Chairbre Aebhdha also. 78 Cectbhap Seachc (£)-cuipn do chupaio Qme, peachc (5)-claiorhi — ni cop caioi, pechc n-eich Do'n laech ym pe lino, Oct Falaij ip Da picchill. Seachc n-eich, peace (£)-cuipnn oo'n laech luaeh, oo pi puipeach na (b)-Popchuach, peachc pceich, pecc (5)-clai6irii 1 (g)-cach beapap do pij ^leano Qiiinach. Seachc n-eich do pi na n-Uaichm, peachc (5)-clai6irh, ip cop cuaichli, peachc (5)-cuipn oia n-oarhaib o'an oil beich a n-gpaoaib an aipo-pij. Ochc n-eich do pi£ Gle in dip, ochc pceich, ochc (5)-clai6ini ip coip, occ (j)-cuipn, nop conjaib ac pie 16, ochc linpeacha 1I-I6 jaipcio. e Hero of Aine, i. e. the king or chief of Eoghanacht Aine Cliach. See p. 39, note ', supra. { King of the Forthuatha, i. e. the king of Feara Muighe, i. e. the tribe of O'Dubh- again (O'Dugans), descended from the celebrated druid Mogh Ruith, and here called Forthuatha, as being strangers placed centrally between the Ui Fidhgheinte and the Eoghanachts of Gleann Anihnach, who were two tribes of the royal blood of Oilioll Olum. sKing of Gleann Amhnach, i. e of Eogh- anacht Gleanna Amhnach. This was the country of a branch of the tribe of O'Caoimh (O'Keeffes), comprising the country about Gleann Amhnach, Glanworth, barony of Fermoy, Cork. Before the English invasion, O'Caoimh and O'Dubhagain possessed the regions now called " Fermoy, Condons, and Clangibbons ;" but the boundary between them (O'Keeft'e and O'Dugan) could not now be determined ; all we know is, that O'Dubhagain was between O'Caoimh and the Ui Fidhgheinte, and consequently to the north of them. After the English invasion the country of Feara Muighe Feine was granted to Fleming, from whom it passed, by marriage, to the Roches, and it is now usually called Crioch Roisteach, or Roche's country. h Uuithne. — See p. 45, note x , supra. ' Eile — This was the name of a tribe and an extensive territory, all in the ancient Mumha or Munster. They derived the name from Eile, the seventh in descent from Cian, the son of Olioll Olum. According to O'h-Uidhrin, this territory was divided into eight " tuatha," ruled by eight petty chiefs, over whom O'Cearbhaill (O'Carroll) net 5-Cectpu. 79 Seven drinking horns to the hero of Aine e , Seven swords — not an engagement to be violated, Seven steeds to that hero during his time, Two rings and two chess-boards. Seven steeds, seven drinking-horns to the swift hero., To the lordly king of the Forthuatha f , Seven shields, seven swords in battle Are given to the king of Gleann Amhnach 8 . Seven steeds to the king of the men of Uaithne h , Seven swords, it is a wise covenant, Seven drinking-horns to their companies to whom it is due To be in office under the monarch. Eight steeds to the king of Eile 1 of the gold, Eight shields, eight swords are due, Eight drinking-horns, to be used at the feast, Eight coats of mail in the day of bravery. was head or king. The ancient Eile (Ely) comprised the whole of Eile Ui Chearbhaill (Ely O'Carroll) which is now included in the King's county, and comprises the baro- nies of Clonlisk and Ballybritt; also the baronies of Ikerrin and Elyogarty, in the county of Tipperary. The boundary between '■Ely O'Carroll" and the ancient Midhe (Meath) is determined by that of the diocese of Killaloe with the diocese of Meath, for that portion of the King's county which belongs to the diocese of Killaloe was " Ely O'Carroll," and originally belonged to Mini- ster. The other portions of the original Eile, such as ' ' Ikerrin" and ' ' Elyogarty," were de- tached from O'Cearbhaill, shortly after the English invasion, and added to " Ormond;" but the native chieftains O'Meachair (O'Mea- gher) and O'Fogartaigh (O'Fogarty), were left in possession, but subject to the Earl of Ormond. Sir Charles O'Carroll, in bis letter to the Lord Deputy in 1595, asserts, that " the Earl of Ormond had no right to any part of the country lying north of Bar ■ nane Ely" (now the Devil's Bit moun- tain), but this cedes him "Elyogarty," which appears to have been his indisputa- ble property 7 since the time of Edward III. According to O'h-Uidhrin, O'Fogartaigh, the chief of the southern Eile, i. e. EileFho- gartaigh (Elyogarty) is not of the race of the Eleans, but descended from Eochaidh Bailldearg (king of Thomond in St. Pa- trick's time) ; from which we may perceive that the southern Eile had been wrested from the original proprietors before the English invasion by a sept of the Dal Chais, but nothing has been yet discovered to de- termine when or how the ancestors of the family of O'Fogartaigh obtained it. 80 Ceabhap (Ic pin cuapipcal each piji; 6 pi j Caipil co (j)-ceac pnim ; lam 6eneom po chaipi^ pin; leapa.j aeab a eolaij. . . . Cl eOtai£ mUTTiaN. Otl^GGt) ocup pooail na (b)-cuapopcal pin beop ano po 6 pi£ Caipil oo pijaib cuach acup mop chuach, lap pochap a (b)-popba acup a (5)-ceneoil, a peib blijio acup buchupa; acup ap pochap $P"b acup bilmaine, ap rheab a nipc acup a (b)-poplamaip, acupap Immaipi a (b)-pechca acup a ploij;i6, acup ap poipbi acup ap pob- paioi, acup ap pinopepi acup comaipli 100 , ponb acup pebpa, lp poichib pin mibichip 101 a (b)-cuapipcla boib, ap plicc puao acup peancupa 10 *, ay bepr 6enen anb po : QUQ SUNT) peanchap, puaipe ppeach, b;p ainpip 103 minab eolach ; cuapipcal pij Caipil choip b'd pi jaib caema a (£)-ceac6ip. Upach nach (m)-bia piji ac Dail Caip cop 104 pop clanbaib Go£ain apb, moip ,oi , leach-^uala pi£ Caipil chain 516 imoa o'a ai^eabaib 106 . tDeich (^)-cuipn co n-6p each Samna, epicha claioeam, cop arhpa, epicha each alamo llle 107 do pi j t)al Caip cul-buibe 109 . t)lijib pi Oppaibi em, 6 61b pijai 1 "', a po peip 109 , in each bliabna b'd baile 110 ba chuapipeal eojaibe. t)lijio 6 pij Ueampa chuaio 111 pi Oppaioi co n-apo buaib beich pceich acup beich (3)-claibirh ip beich n-eich cap mop moijib" 2 . k Dal Chais See p. 70, note-), supra. macCas, and ancestor of the Ui Fidhgheinte 1 Eoghan — He was the brother of Cor- and all the Eoghanachts. na 5-Ceajir. 81 Such is the stipend of each king From the king of Caiseal with the hundred powers; The hand of Benean it was that shaped that; Inculcate it ye learned YE LEARNED OF MUMHA. THE LAW and distribution of these stipends further here from the king of Caiseal to the kings of his districts (stranger tribes) and great territories, according to the revenues of their lands and family, accord- ing to law and inheritance ; and it is according to deserts of their office and fealty, to the greatness of their strength and superiority, and to the number of their expeditions and hostings, and to their prospe- rity and affluence, and to seniority and counsel, foundation and excel- lence, that these stipends are apportioned among them, on the authority of the learned and of history, as Benean says here : THERE IS HERE the history, pleasant the series, Which thou knowest not unless learned ; The stipends of the just king of Caiseal To his fair kings in the first place. When the just Dal Chais k have not the sovereignty Over the race of the high, great Eoghan 1 , [Their king] sits by the shoulder (side) of the king of Caiseal Though many be his guests. Ten drinking-horns [ornamented] with gold each Samhain™, Thirty swords, a good covenant, Thirty beautiful steeds hither To the king of Dal Chais of yellow hair. The active king of the Osraidhe" is entitled [to have] From two kings, as his full claim, Every year at his house Two choice stipends [that is to say] : Entitled from the king of north Teamhair Is the king of the Osraidhe of great prerogatives To ten shields and ten swords And ten steeds across the great plains : ■" Samhain, i. e. the first of November. " Osraidhe — Sec p. 59, note K a 82 Ceabhcqi t)li;*jib 6 pig Caipil cpuaio 113 aipb-pij Oppaioi co m-buai6 114 oeich pceich lp oeich (g)-cloi6irh choip" 5 acup bd pdlaig beapg oip. Uuapipcol pi na n-t)epi 6 pig Caipil ao glepi 116 claibeam co n-6p, each lp blab 117 acup long pa lam-peolao. t)ligio cuapipcal, can cap 118 , pi Ian laechoa 119 Ua £,iachan, pciach pig Caipil, claibeam, coin 120 , each lp eppib cap apb moip. t)ligm oip-pig TTluigi Pian each 6 pig Caipil, lp ppian, bligio pciach ip claibeam, com'' 21 , pi Peap-lTluiji co mop joil. Clanb Chaipppi ITlupc, mop a m-blub oligio a pig cuapipcal pciach pig Caipil co n-beni, a each 'p- a c hu coin-eilli. t)ligib pig Raichleanb co pach ip cpean mop in cuapipcal, beich (g)-claioim acup beich (g)-cuipn, beich m-bpuic copcpa, beich m-bpuic guipm. "Oil jib pi tDaippine ouinb 6 pi Caipil in chomlaino Tivo rings of red gold This esta- " Fermoy," in the county of Cork. After Wishes the meaning oifalach. the establishment of surnames, the chief of P Deise See p. 49, note k , supra. this territory took the name ofO'Dubha- 1 Ui Liathain Seep. 72, note s , supra. gain (O'Dugan), from Dubhagan, the de- r Brought across the high sea, i. e. a scendant of the druid Mogh Ruith, who was 'steed and battle-dress imported. of the same race as O'Conchubhair Ciar- s Magh Fian, i.e. of Feara Mhuighc, now raidhe (O'Conor Kerry). Of the race of na 5-Ceapc. 83 Entitled from the hardy king of Caiseal Is the noble king of the Osraidhe as a prerogative To ten shields and ten swords And two rings of red gold . The stipend of the king of the Deise p Given from the king of Caiseal [Is] a sword [adorned] with gold [hilt], a steed with renown And a ship under full rigging. Entitled to stipend, not contemptible, Is the full-heroic king of Ui Liathain q , To the shield of the king of Caiseal, a sword, a hound, A steed and trappings across the high sea r . Entitled is the petty-king of Magh Fian s To a steed from the king of Caiseal, and a bridle ; Entitled to a shield and sword [and] hound Is the king of Feara Mhuighe of great prowess. The race of Cairbre Musc c , great their renown, Their king is entitled to a stipend, The shield of the vehement king of Caiseal, His steed and his hound from his hound-leash. The prosperous king of Kaithlinn" is entitled To a very great stipend; Ten swords and ten drinking-horns, Ten red cloaks, ten blue cloaks. The king of the brown Dairfhine* is entitled From the king of Caiseal of the battles this druid, who was a native of Dairbhre, several churches in Minister have been de- now the island of Yalentia, in Kerry, was dicated. Cuanna Mac Cailchine, chief of Feara ' The race of Cairbre Muse, i. e. the Mhuighe, in the seventh century, who was Muscraidhe. See as to these tribes, p. 42, as celebrated for hospitality and munifi- note v , supra. cence in Munster as Guaire Aidhne was u Raithlinn — See p. 59, note k , supra. in Connacht ; and of his race also were v Dairfhine, i. e. of Corca Luighe. See the saints Mochuille and Molaga, to whom p. 46, note a , supra. G 2 84 Ceabhaji cpi claibrhi coinbli Dacha, cpi lonja, cpi Unpeacha. Uuapipcol pi Opuinj, nach Dip, 6 pi£ Gpinb, — ni bimip, cpi cloibrhi cama caela, ip cpi longa 122 l&n-caema. Uuapipcol pij 6acha Cein 6 pi£ Gpino co n-aipb men, beich n-gabpa bonna bachu m , beich longa, beich luipeacha. Uuapipcal pij Peopna piainb 6 uib Qililta Olaim, beich n-eich ap na n-gleap bo'n jpaio' 'p-ct chochall peang ppollecaij 1 ' 25 . Uuapipcol pij £eim in Clion 6 pij Chaipil, — ip caem chop, a long oingbula bacach, each, claibeam, copn com-pumach w5 . Uuapipcol pij 3 a ^P a,n ' 27 glo'" 6 pij mop TTluman meaoaip m , cem pop (p)aeli w9 'n-a chij chpuim, 0I1516 in pij a leach-jualainn 130 . Ip in cpach ceib bia chij pen blijio each ip eppib 131 eim, acup in lin 00 cheib 132 poip each ip eppio 1 " each en pip. Uuapipcol pig 6poja-pi5' 34 6 pig Gpinb can mipnim, w KingofDmng — Drung is a conspi- cuous hill in the north of the barony of " Iveragh," put here for the country of the race of the monarch Conaire Mor, in " Kerry." See p. 64, line 12, supra. x Loch Lein — See p. 17, note w , supra. V Feorainn Floinn This was another name of the Ciarraidhe, from their ancestor, Flann Feorna, i. e. Flann of the shore. See p. 48. note f , svpra. rice 5-Ceapc. 85 To three swords of flaming brightness, To three ships, three coats of mail. The stipend of the king of Drung w , which is not small, From the king of Eire — 'tis not contemptible, Three curved narrow swords And three ships very beautiful. The stipend of the king of Loch Lein x From the king of Eire of noble mind, Ten horses of bay colour, Ten ships, ten coats of mail. The stipend of the king of Feorainn Floinn y From the sons of Oilioll Olum, Ten caparisoned steeds out of the stud And his own graceful satin cochal. The stipend of the king of Leim na Con z From the king of Caiseal, — a fair condition, His own befitting beauteous ship, A steed, a sword, a trophy drinking-horn. The stipend of the king of fair Gabhran a From the king of great and merry Munster, A pleasing distinction in his crowded house, This king is entitled to sit by his side. And at the time he [Caiseal] goes to his own [Gabhran's] house He [Gabhran] is entitled to a steed and trappings too, And of the number who go [with Caiseal] eastward A steed and dress for every man. The stipend of the king of Brugh-righ 1 ' From the king of Eire without sorrow, * The king of Leim an Chon, now al- O'Brien. See p. 48, note 5, supra. ways Leim na Con (i. e. fern.) Saltvs a King of Gabhran — See p. 59, note •. Cuoni, the king of Corca Bhaiscinn, in the b The king of Brugh-righ (Arx regis), south-west of the county of Clare, not of i. e. of Ui Chairbre Aebhdha. See p. 77, Leim Con, in Carbery, as asserted by note "', supra. 86 Ceabhap beich n-inaip, bonna beapga, ip oeich n-goill can ^aeoelga' 33 . Uuapipcol pij Gine aipb 6 pi Caipil claioirh gaipg, a ue peach ,p a claibearh gle 137 , epicha bo each 6eallcaine. Cuapipcol pij na n-Llaichne 6 pig Caipil 139 — ip cuaicle 139 , pe pceich ip pe claibirh cam ' l pe h-eich l n-a paijnib 140 . OI1516 pij Qpa6 co n-aib 6 pij Cpino ai jeao chain pe cloibirh, pe pceich molca i pe 141 leanoa lan-copcpa. Cuapipcol pig Gli in dip 142 6 pig Caipil in chorhoil pe pceich l pe claibirh chain, pe mobaio, pe ban mogaio 143 . 616 pai, no bib ollarh an, aca ppip lDac Cuilinbdn 144 , — ni pep bee inomi pe la 145 , — each aen 'g-d m-bia po map cd. . QCQ[SUNt)]. DO POPUQ16 pig Caipil [aTTIurhan] ann po .i. &pug-pig acup TYluilcheab 146 acup Seanchua Chain acup T2op Raeoa acup Cluain Llarha acup Cachaip Chnuip acup Cachaip pinoabpach, Cachaip Chuaigi, Cachaip ^lenn Qrhnach, Cachaip Chinb Chon, Dun Pip Gen Cholca, Cachaip TTIechaip, [bun n-^aip], Uearhaip Suba, Qpb 6ili, Qenac m-6eappdin, lTlag Cailli, Qpo Conaill, Qpb lTlic Conainb 147 , Qpb Ruibi, Uuaipceapc TTlai^i, lT)ag Saipe, na cpi h-Cupne ap muip mdip, Qenach Cuipppi, Opuim TTlop, Opuini <■ Without Gaedhealga (Gaelic or Irish), d King of noble Aine, i. e. king of Eogh- i. i'. foreign slaves or servants who could anachl Aine Cliach, which country lay imt speak Irish. This is very curious. round the conspicuous hill of Cnoc Aine na 5-Ceapr. 87 Ten tunics, brown red, And ten foreigners without Gaedhealga c [Irish]. The stipend of the king of noble Aine d From the king of Caiseal of the terrific SAvord, His shield and his bright sword, Thirty cows each May-day. The stipend of the king of the Uaithne e From the king of Caiseal — it is wise, Six shields and six fine swords And six steeds of the choicest. The king of Ara f of beauty is entitled From the king of Eire of the comely face To six swords, six praised shields And six mantles of deep purple. The stipend of the king of Eile f of the gold From the king of Caiseal of the banquets, Six shields and six bright swords, Six bondmen, six bondwomen. Be he sage, or be he distinguished ollamh, He has the support of Mac CuileannainS, — Not a man of small wealth is he in his day [He must be pro- fessor in his day], — He who maintains this [system] as it is. THERE IS HERE. OF THE SEATS of the king of Caiseal in Mumha here, i. e. Brugh-righ and Muilchead and Seanchua Chaein and Ros Raeda and Chxain Uamha and Cathair Chnuis and Cathair Fhinnabhrach, Cathair Thuaighe, Cathair Ghleanna Amhnach, Cathair Chinn Chon, Dun Fir Aen Cholca, Cathair Meathais, Dun Gair, Teamhair Shubha, Ard Bile, Aenach m-Bearrain, Magh Caille, Ard Chonaill, Ard Mic Co- nainn, Ard Ruidhe, Tuaisceart Muighe, Magh Saire, the three Aras in the great sea, Aenach Chairpre, Druiin Mor, Druim Caein, Cathair (Knockany) in the barony of Small County, f Ara, File — See p. 46, note z , and county of Limerick See p. 67, note h , and p. 78, note ■, supra. p. 78, note e , supra. S Mae Cuileannain — See p. 61, nn. "> e Uaithne See p. 45, note x , supra. and fl , and see the Introduction. 88 Ceabhaji Ca'n, Cachaip Chuipc, TTlup-bolcan, ^eibcine, ^papann, Gill TTlic Cuipp, lTluj Nai, nf)aj5 n-Goapbane 149 , h-Uachc-maj, Caechan 149 66ipne, ITIup-ma^, lTla^ n-Ganm£, Cuaim n-Gacnin, TTla^ n-Qpail 1A0 , Gibliu, Llchc-na-pijna, Cuilleunn, Cua, Claipi, lnoeoin, Gine, Opbo, Llilleanb Gean, Coch Ceanb 151 , Ceano Nachpach, Rapanb, t)puim Cain, t)puim Pinjin, Upeaoa-na-pi£ 152 , TCaich Gip 153 , TCaich Paelao, TCaic Gpoa 154 , Raich t)poma Oeilji 1 -", 6eanncpaiji, Cpec- paibi, Opbpuibi acup h-Ua Chuipb 150 ; conab 061b po cheat; in bpeo [buaoa] 6enen: ai?a pGasaocnrc a n- 5 o. P epaic Peapjupa Scanoail? caehub: ab beip a peapa 157 6 Gopaib co Durhaij 148 n-Dpeapa. Gpic peapjupa in pi£, lcip peoca li9 acup cip; nip bo beg leo 1 160 n-a juin Ca\pn oeap-jabaip co muip. [1. Opp — B. in marg.~\ X)o chipc Chaipil co n-a bpij 6pu^-pij acup muilcheab' 61 map, Seanchua chain, teop T?aeba 1(i2 peil, acup leip' 6j Cluain Uariia an. Cachaip Chnuip, Cachaip Pinoabpach, Cachaip Chuaiji 164 co n-a bail, h Fearghus Seannal See next note. on the west bank of the River Maigh ' From the Eoir to Dumha Dreasa. — (Maigue), in the barony of Upper Connello The tract of land extending from the River and county of Limerick, about four miles " Nore" (an Eoir or an Fheoir) to a moimd to the north of Kilmallock. There are ex- near Cnoc Grafann (Knockgraffon), Tip- tensive ruins of earthen forts here, said by peraiy. This comprises the greater part of tradition to have been erected by Oilioll the ancient Ossory, which was called Laigh- Olum, the ancestor of the O'Donovans. in Deas-ghabhair by the ancient Irish, and There are also the ruins of a circular wall said to have been forfeited to Munster by defended with square towers. The circular the Lagenians for their murder of Fearghus wall is evidently very ancient, and is said Seannal ; or, according to other accounts, of by tradition to have been built by an O'Don- Eidirsceal, thefather of the monarch Conaire nobhain, before the English invasion; but Mor. SeeBookofLeacan,M.22b, b.; 220 6. the square towers are evidently several k Brugh-righ, i. e. Arx regis (Bruree), centuries more modern, and are said to na 5-Ceapc. 89 Chuirc, Mur-bolcan, Geibhtine, Grafann, Aill Mic Cuirr, Magh Naei, Magh n-Eadarbane, Uacht-magh, Caechan Boirne, Mur-mhagh, Magh n-Eanaigh, Tuaim n-Eatain, Magh n-Asail, Eibliu, Ucht-na-rioghna, Cuilleann, Cua, Claire, Inneoin, Aine, Ord, Uilleann Eatan, Loch Ceann, Ceann Nathrach, Rafann, Druim Caein, Druim Finghin, Treada-na-righ, Raith Eire, Raith Faeladh, Raith Arda, Raith Droma Deilge, Beanntraidhe, Greagraidhe, Orbhraidhe and Ui Chuirb; of which the gifted luminary [flamnia sacra] Benean sang : KNOWEST THOU what is called The eric of Fearghus ScannaP ? I know it : I will give a knowledge of it From the Eoir to Dumha Dreasa 1 . The eric of Fearghus the king, Both in jewels and territory; They obtained in full satisfaction for his death South Laighin even to the sea. Of the right of Caiseal in its power Are Brugh-righ k and the great Muilchead 1 , Seanchua m the beautiful, Ros Raeda 11 the bright, And to it belongs the noble [fort of] Cluain Uamha . Cathair Chnuis p , Cathair Fhionnabhrach q , Cathair Thuaighe 1 " with its appurtenance have been erected by that branch of the county of Limerick. famous family of Lacy or De Lacy, de- " Ros Raeda Unknown to the Ed. scended from William Gorm, the son of ° Cluairi Uamha, i. e. the Lawn or Mea- Sir Hugh De Lacy, by the daughter of dow of the Cave, Anglice "Cloyne," the head RuaidhriO'Conchobhair(RodericO'Conor), of an ancient bishop's see, in the county the last monarch of all Ireland of the Mile- of Cork. sian race. Brugh-righ is mentioned the P Cathair Chnuis. — Unknown to the Ed. first in order in this list, as it was the prin- q Cathair- Fhionnabhrach. — This is the cipal seat of Oilioll Olum, the ancestor of name of a remarkable stone fort, of the the kings and dominant families of Minister. kind called " Cyclopean," near the village 1 Muilchead Mmlchear, now applied of Cill Fionnabhrach (Kilfenora), in the to a river in the north west of the county county of Clare, also the head of an ancient of Limerick, is a corruption of this name. diocese. m Seanchua, Anglice " Shanahoe," in the r Cathair Thuaighe Unidentified. 90 Cectbhcqi Cachaip ^leano Cirhnach 165 , Cachaip Chino Chonn, t)un Pip Cten Cholga, Dun n-^aip. Cachaip lTleachaip, Ueamaip Suba, Qip 6ili lG6 map, maineach, puao, aenach m-6eappun' 67 , TTIaj Cailli cafn, Gpo Conaill, pa comaip chuan' 68 . apo TTlic Conaill 169 , la h-CIpb Ruioi, Uuaipceapc TTIaiji, mufneach clap 170 , lTlaj Saipi 171 , po peajao aipriie, la ceopa Qipne ap muip map 172 . Qenach Caipppi, t)puim TTlop, t)puim Cain, Cachaip Chuipc pop aici 173 muip, ITIupb-bolcan 174 , ^eibcine, ^Jpapano lp lep uili, Qill TTlic Cuipp' 73 . 8 Cathair Ghleanna Amhnach, i.e. the stone fort of Gleann Amhiiach, which is the ancient and real name of " Glanworth," in " Roche's country," in the north of the county of Cork. See Smith's Natural and Civil History of Cork, book ii. c. 7. I Cathair ChinnChon, Anglice " Caher- kincon," a (Cyclopean) stone fort near Eockbarton, the seat of Lord Guillamore, in the barony of Small County, and county of Limerick. There are extensive remains of such stone forts in this immediate neigh- bourhood, which indicate its having been anciently a place of importance. II Dun Fir Aen Cholga Unidentified. v DunGair This fort was on the hill of " Doon," over Loch Gair (Lough Gur), barony of Small Comity, Limerick. See Fitzgerald's Stat. Ace. Limerick. This hill and lake were fortified by Brian Borumha, in the tenth century. w Cathair Meathais — This was proba- bly the ancient name of the great (Cyclo- pean) fortress now called Cathair na Steige (Stague Fort), situated in the parish of Kilcrohane, barony of Dunkerron, in the county of Kerry. See Vail. Collect, vol. vi., and Baron Foster's model in the Museum of the Dublin Society. x Teamhair Shubha This was proba- bly another name for Teamhair Luachra, which was the name of a fort near Beal Atha na Teamhrach, in the parish of Dysart, near Castle Island, in the county of Kerry. yAir Bile, or, as it is written in the prose, Ard Bili, i. e. the height or hill of the tree. There is a place of this name near " Bally-mack-elligott," in the barony of Clanmaurice, and coimty of Kerry. z Aenach m-Bearrain Perhaps the fort N. by W. of Barrane, four miles E. of Kilrush, in Clare. a Magh Caille Unknown to the Ed. b Ard Chonaill, i. e. the height or hill of Conall Unknown to the Editor. c Ard Mic Conaill, Ard Ruidhe, Tuais- ceart Muighe, Magh Saire. These places, being mentioned immediately before the na 5-Ceajic. 91 Cathair Ghleanna Amhnach s , Catliair Chinn Chon', Dun Fir Aen Cholga", Dun Gair T . Catliair Meathais w , Teamhair Shubha*, Air Bile y , the great, wealthy, red, Aenach m-Bearrain 2 , the beautiful Magh Caille a , Arc! Chonaill b , the meeting place of hosts. Arcl Mic Conaill c , with Ard Ruidhe c , Tuaisceart Muighe c , wealthy plain, Magh Saire e , worthy of reckoning, With the three Aras d in the great sea. Aenach Cairpre 6 , Druim Mor f , Druim Caein g , Cathair Chuirc h close to the sea, Mur-bolcan', Geibhtine k , Grafann 1 All belong to it, [and] Aill Mic Cuirr m . Aras, are evidently in the county of Clare, but the Editor has not identified them. d The three Aras, i. e. the three islands of Ara (Arann) in the Bay of Galway, which originally belonged to Corcumruadh. Tlie largest of these islands was granted by Aenghus, king of Minister, to St. Eanna, who built several chinches upon it. For some accoimt of the forts on these islands, see O'Flaherty's Iar-Connacht, by Hardi- nian, pp. 77, 78. e Aenach Cairpre, i. e. the fair of the territory of Cairbre. This is the place now called Mainister an Aenaigh, Anglice Mannisteranenagh, i.e. the Monastery of the Fair, from a great monastery erected by the Ui Bhriain (O'Briens), a short time previous to the English invasion. It is situated in the barony of " Pubblebrian, " hi the county of Limerick. f Druim Mor, i. e. the great ridge. This is probably the Dromore near Mallow. S Druim Caein, i. e. dorsum amanum, " Drumkeen," but which of the many places so called, in Minister, has not been deter mined. b Cathair Chuirc, i. e. the stone fort of Core ; probably the ancient name of Cathair- gheal, a great fort near Cahersiveen. ' Mur-bolcan, i.e. the inlet "Trabolgan," east of the entrance of Cork harbour. k Geibhtine, now Eas Geibhtine (Askea- ton), on the Daeil (Deel). 1 Grafann, now Cnoc Grafann, Anglice Knockgraffon, a townland giving name to a parish hi the barony of Middlethird and county of Tipperary. There is a very large moat here surrounded by a fosse. This was the principal seat of the Ui Suileabhain (O'Sulhvans), till the year 1192, when they were driven thence by the English, who erected a castle close to the moat. For some liistorical references to this place the reader is referred to Keating's History of Ireland, reign of Cormac mac Airt, and the Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. 1192. '» Aill Mic Cuirr, i. e. the cliff of Mac Cuirr. Unknown to the Editor. 92 Cectbhaji TTIu^ Muf 176 , ITIa^ n-6oapba, Uachr-map 77 , Caechan 66ipni, buan in poo bo'n pij 178 , TDup-Triaj map, lTlaj n-6anai£ Ropa, Cuaim n-Gi6in 179 , abpa do rip. Qpal, Gibleo, Llcc-na-pijna, in muip im a lina lopj, Cuilleanb lp Cua tp Cldipi, lnoeoin acup Qine lp Opb. h-Llilleanb Gcan [ip] Coch Ceano, Ceanb Nachpach, alca Rapann, ip a pip' liji6 pi h-Lla m-6piuin co m-blaio 78 cuic eich acup cuic macail, cuic claibivh, oeic (g)-cuipn chama, oeich mojaio, oeich (b)-picchealla. tHijib pi na (j)-Copc 6"n choill cuic maipe acup coic macaill, cuic claiorhi nap clai 79 ppi cndim cuic luipeacha ppi lom jaib. tDlijio pf papcpaibi in puipc 9u epi cuipn, epi claiovm 'n-o chaic, epi h-maip acup rpi h-eich 6 pig Cpuachan cean cam cleich. b Conmaicne Seep. 100, note P , supra. applied to a horse, and it is said to be c Ui Maine See p. 106, note P, supra. a corruption of the Welsh 'Goor.'" [Qua>re d Horses, Gabhra. — It is stated in Cor- gorwydd?] The author of the Life of Aedh mac's Glossary, that when tins word is or St. Aidus, published by Colgan, at 28th applied to a horse it should be written with February, translates Lochgabkra by stag- sea o; and indeed it generally is, but the man. equi; and Colgan remarks (note 14, scribes here have Gabhar in the text of both p. 422) that gahhar is a very ancient Scotic copies of the Book of Rights. Cormacsays: and British word for eqmis, which is each " Gabhar, written with an a, quasi ca- in modern Irish. per ; but when written with an o it is e Luighne — See p. 103, note h , supra. net 5-Ceapc. 115 Entitled is the king of hospitable Conmaicne b To ten drinking-horns on going into his drinking-house, Ten swift steeds on which to mount, Two rings and two chess-boards. Entitled is the king of Ui Maine the illustrious To seven cloaks, seven horses d over the valley, Seven hounds for the purpose of the chase And seven deep-red tunics. Entitled is the king of Luighne e of the heroes To ten steeds, ten cloaks, — not silly, Ten drinking-horns for quaffing mead, Ten beautiful white-skinned hounds. Entitled is the king of Ui Brinin f of fame To five steeds and five matals, Five swords, ten crooked drinking-horns, Ten bondmen, ten chess-boards. Entitled is the king of the Corca g of the wood To five war-horses and five matals, Five swords not to be resisted by a bone, Five coats of mail against bare javelins. Entitled is the king of Partraidhe' 1 of the port To three drinking-horns, three swords as his share, Three tunics and three steeds From the king of Cruachain without any concealment. 1 Ui Briuin See p. 107, note r , supra. it would appear from Giolla Iosa Mor Mac g Corca. — See p. 104, note k , supra. Firbisigh of Leacan, that this territory was h Partraidhe. — This is still the name of originally more extensive See Tribes and well-known territory in the county of Customs of the Ui Fiachrach, pp. 47, 152, Mayo. It forms the western portion of the 187,189,202. See also O'Fla. barony of " Carra," and is now believed to part iii. c. xi., where mention is made of be co-extensive with the parish of Odhbha three territories of this name, viz. : " Par- Ceara (Ballovey, also " Partry"), in which trigia" of Ceara, which is the one just de- there i3 a range of mountains called Sliabh scribed ; " Partrigia" of the Lake, in which Partraidhe (Anglice Slieve Partry) ; but is situated the abbey of Cong, and the i2 116 Leabliap Hpf cuipn 00 pi h-Ua Piachpach, cpf cloioriii pe 91 cloo cliachach, cpi h-eich noch caibne ceana [1 n-Qibne in leanna, B.] oeich (b)-pailji, oeich (b)-pichchilla. [t)li£ib pi Ceneoil Qe6a peace mnd, peace mojaib oaepa, cpf cuipn acup cpf claibirh acup cpf coin ppi ourha a n-oaipib]. lpeao pin oleajaio cuacha choicio Chonoaclic lp Cpuachna 6 pij lTluiji li-CTe 82 na n-aj, do neoch olijeap cuapipcal CUQR1SCQ6. plain on which the first battle of Magh tain of St. Patrick (Cruach Phadraig) to Tuireadh was fought; and " Patrigia" of Loch Oirbsean (Corrib). the Mountain, extending from the moun- i Ui Fiachrach — Seep. 108, note '\ supra. na 5-Ceajiu. 117 Three drinking-horns to the king of Ui Fiachrach', Three swords for the overthrow of battles, Three steeds in Aidhne of the ale, Ten rings, ten chess-boards. Entitled is the king of Ceneal Aedha To seven women, seven enslaved bondmen, Three drinking-horns and three swords And three hounds for his forest hunting-shed k . To such are the chieftainries entitled Of the province of Connacht and Cruachain, From the king of Magh Aei of the oxen, Such as are entitled to stipend THE STIPENDS. k Hunting-shed Ourha is sometimes sat whilst his huntsmen and hounds were applied to a shed or hut, put up in a wood engaged around him in the chase — Vide or mountain, in which the king or chief OUriia peulga, in the Dinn-Seanchus. 118 Cecibliaji in.— t)6i^heat)h Rio^h ait 15b, omshiatt, a^us U6at)h. in. i. Dligheanh R15I1 Q1I15I1. C1SSQ pi£ Qilij acup a chuapipcal anb po, acup a chfpa-pon 6 chuachaib acup a cuapipcul-pon boib-peom. Ceo caepach acup ceac bpac acup ceac bo acup ceac cope 06 6 Chuileanopaioi ino pin. Cpica rope acup epicha bo acup epicha mole 6 Uhuaich Rata. [Cpi ceac cope acup cpi ceuc bo acup cpi ceac mole 6 [peapaib tuipfr] [Upi ceao bo, cpi ceao mapc, ceao cine 6] pij li-Ua Piachpach. Ceac mapc acup ceac bo acup ceac cope acup 1 caeca bpac a h-Llib mic Caipchaino. Cpi cheac cope, cpi ceac bo, cpi ceac mapc 6 Chianoacca ^lenna ^emin. t)eich (j)-ceac 2 luljach, ceac mapc, caeca bam, caeca cope 6 P(h)eapaib£ 1. Ceo luljach, caeca cope, caeca bpac 6 Llib Uuipcpi. Ceo mapc, ceac luljach, caeca bpac 6 peapaib ITIui^i lcha. Saep-cbuacha Q1I15 .1. Culach O5 acup Cpaeb acup lTIa^ n-lcba acup Imp Co^ain acup Cenel Conaill: conio 061b po cha- chain in c-eolacb .1. 6emen mac Sepcnen 3 : a It has already been explained that ster, unlike the other provinces, was at these headings are not in the original. this period divided into three great terri- They are merely used to make breaks, and tories, Aileach, Oirghialla, and Uladh, go- to mark the order of the work ; and it will verned by three chief kings, each indepen- here be observed that the province of Ul- dent of the other. rice 5-Ceapc. 119 III THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KINGS OF AILEACH, OF THE OIRGHIALLA, AND OF ULADH. III. — 1. The Privileges of the King of Aileach\ The tributes of the king of Aileach and his stipends here, and b his tributes from his territories, and his stipends to them. A hundred sheep and a hundred cloaks and a hundred cows and a hundred hogs from Cuileantraidhe. Thirty hogs and thirty cows and thirty wethers from Tuath Eatha. Three hundred hogs and three hundred cows and three hundred wethers from the men of Lurg. Three hundred cows, three hundred beeves, a hundred tinnes from the king of Ui Fiachrach. A hundred beeves and a hundred cows and a hundred hogs and fifty cloaks from the Ui Mic Caerthainn. Three hundred hogs, three hundred cows, three hundred beeves from Cianachta of Gleann Geimhin. Ten hundred milch-cows, a hundred beeves, fifty oxen, fifty hogs from the Fir Li. A hundred milch-cows, fifty hogs, fifty cloaks from the Ui Tuirtre. A hundred beeves, a hundred milch-cows, fifty cloaks from the men of Magh Iotha. The free chieftainships of Aileach, i. e. Tulach Og and Craebh and Magh Iotha and Inis Eoghain and Cineal Chonaill : of these the learned man, viz., Benean, son of Sescnean, sang : *>And, acur. This should be .1. id est, c Free chieftainships — These tribes were or videlicet, for the second part of the free from tribute, because they were of the clause expresses the same as the first, and same blood with the king of Aileach, being should not, therefore, be connected with it all descended from Niall of the Nine Hos- by a copulative conjunction. tages. 120 Leabhaji CeaRC pij CI1I15, eip[c]ib pip Icip baipib nach oimip bligio cpob, ni ctp uaiehib, 6 pinib, 6 P(h)op-chuachaib. Ceo caepacb, ceao bpac, ceao bo acup ceao cope eobaip 66, 6 Chuileanbpaio in chocaib oo pij G1I15 iap n-obaip. Upi cheao 4 rope a Cuaich Rachu\ epi cheb 6 bo co m-blicc baeha 7 , epicha mole a mfp buioi blijib pij Q1I1 j, uili. Cpi ceuc cope 6 peapuib tuipe, cpi cheb bo, ni bee in cpuio\ rpi ceac mole 1 n-u' 1 m-beachui^ 00 pij Q1I15 aile leachain. t)lijib 00 pi b-Ua Piachpach epi ceac bo, — ni baj 10 bpiachpac, ceab mapc lp ceac einbi cpom 00 pij pebail na (b)-paen long. d Aileach. — (Ely, Greenan-Ely) a fort, with remains in stone, in Donegal, near Lough Swilly, and on the isthmus divid- ing it from Lough Foyle, barony of Tnish- owen. The remains of Grianan Ailigh (the palace of Aileach), which was the palace of the kings of the northern Ui Neill (Ne- potes Neilli) is minutely described in the Ordnance Memoir of the parish of Temple- more. See also Colgan's Trias Thaum. p. 181, note 169: " A priscis scriptoribus Aileach Neid hodie vulgo Ailech appelle- tur. Fuit perantiqua Begum Hibernise se- des et post tempora fidei per eosdem dere- licta, Temoria denu6 repetita ct restaurata. Jacet in peninsula." e Forthuatha, i. e. strange tribes who settled in the province, not of the king's own race. f Cuileantraidhe — This territory is men- tioned in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 1156, but nothing has yet turned up to show its exact situation. S Tuath Bat ha — (Anglice, Tooraah) a territory in the north-west of the county of Fermanagh, all included in tin- present barony of " Magheraboy." After the es- tablishment of surnames, the family of O'Flanagain (O'Flanagans) were the chief- tains of this territory, but tributary to na 5-Ceapu. 121 THE RIGHT of the king of Aileach* 1 , listen ye to it. Among the oak-forests immeasurable He is entitled to income, no trifling tribute, From the tribes [and] from the Forthuatha e . A hundred sheep, a hundred cloaks, a hundred cows And a hundred hogs are given to him, From Cuileantraidhe f of the war To the king of Aileach laboriously. Three hundred hogs from Tuath Ratha 8 , Three hundred cows with copious milk, Thirty wethers in the yellow month [August] Are due to the king of Aileach, all. Three hundred hogs from the men of Lurg h , Three hundred cows, not small the wealth, Three hundred wethers living To the king of Aileach of the spacious house. There is due from the king of Ui Fiachrach 5 Three hundred cows, — not a promise of words, A hundred beeves and a hundred heavy tinnesi To the king of Feabhal (Foyle, i. e. of Aileach) of the ready ships. Mac Uidhir (Maguire). belonging to the see of Deny. Ussher h The men of Lurg — The inhabitants of states (Primordia, p. 857) that the church the barony of Lurg, in the north of the of Ardstraw, and man)' other churches of county of Fermanagh, are still so called. Opheathrach [O'Fiachrach] were taken After the establishment of surnames the from the see of Clogher, and incorporated family of O'Maelduin (O'Muldoons) were with that of Deny. This tribe of Ui Fiach- the chiefs of this territory, but tributary to rach are to be distinguished from those of head chiefs of Fermanagh. Connacht, already mentioned, p. 108, note', 1 Ui Fiachrach These were the people supra ; these were of the people called called by the Irish aunalists Ui Fiachrach Oirghialla, and descended from Fiachrach, Arda Sratha (of " Ardstraw"). They were son of Earc, the eldest son of Colla Uais, seated along the river Dearg, in the north- monarch of Ireland in the fourth cen- west of the county of Tyrone, and their tury. See (/Flaherty's Ogygiu, part iii. district comprised the parish of "Aid- c. 7b'. Btraw," ami some adjoining parishes, now J Tinne.-THaa word is explained bacun, 122 Ceablicqi Ceo mapc a h-Uib TTlic Caipcliamo acup ceac cope, — ni paipehim, caeca bo, cio oul oil ji6", caeca bpae co m-ban bilib 1 '-. Cpi cheo cope ppi cuillceap ehuai^ 1 cpi cheao bo ppi biuchao pluai j, epi cheao mapc, lp main cocaio, 6 Chiunoacea in cpom ehocaio 14 . t)eich (5)-ceac lul^ach 6 luce 6i, ceac mapc, lp bpeach pipmoi, lp caeca oam oo oarhaib la caeca cope cpom capaio 15 . bacon, in the Book of Leacan, fol. 165, and muc pailci, a salted pig, in a Glossary in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, and translated lardum, by O'Colgan, in his version of Brogan's metrical life of St. Brid- get, Trias Thaum. p. 516, line 23. It is translated a sheep in Vallancey's Collecta- nea, vol. iii. p. 514, but that was a mere guess. It will be observed that the prose here differs from the verse, the former having three hundred hogs (cope), three hun- dred cows (bo), and three hundred we- thers (mole); and the latter three hun- dred cows (bo), a hundred beeves, and a hundred cinni. The word is sometimes used, like the modern pine, to denote a ring of a chain, as einne apgaiO, a ring of silver — Cormac's Glossary, I'OcetDuap; einne oip, a ring of gold Irish Calen- dar, 17th June. It is quite evident from the text of this poem that einne is in- tended to denote some animal; and the bacun of the Book of Leacan, and the lardum of Colgan, prove to a certainty that it means a hog killed and salted. k Ui Mic Caerthainn, i. e. the descen- dants of Forgo, son of Caerthainn, who was son of Earc, grandson of Colla Uais, mo- narch of Ireland. The territory inhabited by this sept was called Tir mic Caerthainn, a name still retained in that of the barony of Tir Chaerthainn, Anglice " Tirkeerin," in the west of the county of Derry. O' Flaherty, in his Ogygia, part iii. c. 76, very correctly describes this tribe as " near the Bay of Lough Fevail" [Feabhail, Anglice Foyle], which washes the county of Deny, dividing it from the county of Donegal. 1 The Cianachta, Chein Iochta, i. e. the race of Cian, who was the son of Oilioll Oluin, king of Minister in the third century. The district is now the barony of " Kee- nacht." Before the family of O'Cathain (O'Kane) increased in numbers and power, this territory was in the possession of O'Con- chobhair of Gleann Geimhin (O'Conor of Glengiven), descended from Fionnehadh Uallach, son of Connla, son of Tadhg, son of Cian ; and though so displaced (in the twelfth century) the family was never via 5-Ceajiu. 123 A hundred beeves from the Ui Mic Caerthainn k And a hundred hogs, — 'tis not very trifling, Fifty cows, a lawful payment, Fifty cloaks with white borders. Three hundred hogs by which the north is replenished, Three hundred cows to feed the host, Three hundred beeves, wealth for war, From Cianachta 1 of the abundant store. Ten hundred milch-cows from the people of Li m , A hundred beeves, it is the award of truth, And fifty oxen of oxen With fifty hogs of heavy bellies. rooted out, for the "O'Conors" are still numerous in " Glengiven," which was the ancient name of the vale of the river Eoa (Roe), near "Dungiven," which flows tlirough the very centre of this Cianachta. — See Dublin Penny Journal, vol. i. p. 103. It is curious to observe the great amount of the tribute paid to the king of Aileach by tins exotic tribe of the race of Eibhear, from Munster. 1,1 The people of Li, called Fir Li and Fir Li of the Bann. They were descended from Laeghaire, son of Fiachra Tort, son of Eochaidb, who was son of Colla Uais, monarch of Ireland, in the fourth century. See Ogygia, part iii. c. 76. The country possessed by this sept was sometimes called Magh Li, and sometimes translated Leceo- rum fines [Trias Thaum. p. 146], and is described in the Book of Leacan as ex- tending from Bir to Camus. That it was on the west side of the river Bann ap- pears from the Irish Calendar of the < >'01erighs, at 9th January, which places in it the church of Achadh Dubhthaigh (Aghadowey) a parish on the west side of the Bann, in the barony of " Coleraine." Thus: "^jucupe 6eaj 6 Gchao DubraijiTTIoijf/ipopBpuSanna, i.e. Guaire Beag from Achadh Dubhthaigh in Magh Li, on the brink of the Banna." But, on the increasing power of the family of O'Cathain, the Fir Li were driven across the Bann, and were unquestionably on the east side of it at the period of the English invasion. In the translation of the Tripar- tite Life of St. Patrick, Colgan errs egre- giously in placing this territory, and the mountain of Sliabh Callainn (Slieve Gal- lion), on the east side of the Bann ; for, though the people were on the east side of the river in Colgan's, not St. Patrick's time, the mountain, fortunately, remains in its original position, and still shows that Colgan mistranslated his original — See Trias Thaum. pp. 146, 48 ; also the Edi- tor's translation of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 58, note b , and Dublin Penny Journal, vol. i., article " Dunseverick," p. 362. 124 Ceabliap Ceo lulgach 6 Uhuuchaib Cope' 6 , caeca cinbi, caeca cope, [la]caeca 6pac n-oatha bo 6 D(h)un na h-Uiopi a n-aen 16. Ceo mapc 6 peapaib TThngi lp ceac lulgach Ian buioi 17 , caeca bpac, lp bpeach chdna, bo pig CTilij imbana. Ni bligeano 18 a Culaig Oj cam 00 pig Pebail na (6)-poc, oaij gabchap 19 ap a cip ceanb pigi pop peapaib Gpino. Nocho oleagap ap in Chpaio cip bo pig Gilig co n-afb, nt bleagap a lT)uig ltha cam na 20 cache cap caerii 21 chpicha. » The Tuathas of Tort, i.e. of the L'i Tuirtre, a people seated on the east side of the Bann and Lough Neagh, in Antrim. These were also the descendants of Fiachra Tort, the grandson of King Colla Uais. — See Ogygia (ubi supra). Ui Tuirtre was given as a name to a deanery in the dio- cese of " Connor," in Colgan's time, and its extent can still be determined. The parishes of " Racavan," " Ramoan," and " Donnagorr," and the churches of " Down- kelly" (Driunmaul), and " Kilgad" (Con- nor), and the island of Inis Toide in Loch Beag near Toom Bridge, are mentioned as in it See Colgan's Trias Thaum. p. 183. The subdivisions of Ui Tuirtre continued to be called "Tuoghs" in the reign of James I., and later. — See Pope Nicholas' Taxation of Down, Connor and Dromore, by the Rev. William Beeves, M. B. Fifty tinnes It will be observed that the prose has no word corresponding with this — See above p. 121, note S, supra. We may safely conclude that it is " a salted pig," or a pig made into bacon. P Dun na h- Uidhre — There is no place of this name now in the territory of Ui Tuirtre. ', supra. s Craebh This territory, which in lat- ter ages belonged to a branch of the family of O'Cathain (O'Kane), who were called Fir na Craeibhe, is situate on the west side of the lower Bann, and its position is defined by the cataract of Eas Craeibhe, i. e. the cataract of Craebh, the daughter of Eoghan mac Duirtheacht, who lived in Dun Da Bheann, now Mount Sandle, and was drowned in this cataract, now called " the Cutts fishery," near Coleraine. O'Fla- herty's Ogygia, p. iii., c. 3. His words are : " Banna inter Learn et Elliam, pra- ter Clanbresail regionem scaturiens per Neachum lacum transiens .Endromensem agrum et Fircriviam (pip na cpaoibe) Scriniamque in Londinodorinsi agro inter- secat, et tertio a Culrania et Cataracta Eascribe lapide se in Oceanum transfundit totius Europae longe fcecundissimus." This was exactly the position of the Fir Li in the time of St. Patrick ; and it is now difficult to determine where the Fir na Craeibhe were seated at the time this poem was composed. According to tradition in the country the sept called Fir na Craeibhe, which is not incorrectly interpreted "men of the branch," were seated at " Binbradagh, near Dungi- ven ;" tins could not have been the case till they dispossessed the more ancient own- ers of Gleann Geimhin, as above men- tioned. See Annals of the Four Masters, at the years 1118, 1192, 1205. ' Magh Iotha Seep. 124, note", supra. 126 ceabhcqi Mi olea£ap b'lnip 605am cip oo'n aipo-pi5, nac oeolai^; ni olea^ap bo cloinb Chonaill cip, na bep, na ban olaino. lac po cuna pi£ G1I15; ni pal neach nach pap aipij' 22 ; ni olijeano pi- 3 na peachc in pi nach coinjeba a ceapc 24 . c[eaRC rci oi&ig]-. GUGGG GNt) SO 5 oopa acup cuapipcla pij Q1I15 01a chuachaib acup Dia aicmib, ap biachao acup ap coimioeachc. OI1516 bin 26 pij G1I15 pobepin, in can nach pa 27 pij pop Gpinb, leach larh pij Gpinb ac 61 acup ac aenach, acup pem-imchup pi;«j Gpino 1 (5)-copaib [ajup 1 (5)-com6alaib] acup 1 (^-corhaiplib acup impioib. [Gg-up] 0I1516 6 pi j Gpinb caeca claibeam acup caeca pciach acup caeca mooaio acup caeca eppio acup caeca each : 00 pi£ G1I15 ino pin. poblaib-peom bin 58 a chuapipcol pic: Coic pceich, coic claioim acup coic cuipno acup coic mna acup coic mojaij acup cuic eich do pi£ Caipppi t)poma Cliab. Coic pceich, coic mo^aib, coic mna, coic claibim 00 pi£ Cenel n-Cfeba Gapa Ruaib. Se h-eich, pe pcec- 9 , pe claioim, pe cuipnn, pe bpuic jopma acup pe bpuic uaine 00 pi^ Chenel 66jaine. Coic eich, coic pceich, coic claioim acup cuic bpuic, [cuij li'n- peaca] bo pij Chenel n-Ganoa. Seachc mna, peachc mo^aib, peachc n-eich, pechc (5)-claiomi do pij Cheneoil 6ujoach. Seachc mo^aib, peachc mnu, peachc (5)-claibmi, peachc (5)-cuipn do pij lnbpi h-Gojam. Se h-eich, pe cuipn, pe claibim, pe pceich 30 , pe coin go pij ITIuiji Icha. " Inis Eoghain, i. e. the island or penin- sometimes Ennisowen, a barony in the sula of Eoghan, who was son of Niall of north-east of the county of Donegal, the Nine Hostages, monarch of Ireland in v Race of Conatt, i. e. the inhabitants the fifth century ; Anglice Inishowen, and of Tir Chonaill ; see p. 34, note P, supra. via s-Ceajir. 127 There is not due from Inis Eoghain 11 A tribute to the chief king, nor gratuity, There is not due of the race of Conall" A tribute, or custom, or white (unwrought) wool. Those are the tributes of the king of Aileach ; No one is learned who does not well know them ; No king is entitled to reign or rule Who does not maintain his right THE RIGHT. THESE ARE the payments and stipends of the king of Aileach to his chieftainries and tribes, for refection and escort. The king of Aileach himself, then, when he is not king of Eire, is entitled to sit by the side of the king of Eire at banquet and at fair, and to go before the king of Eire at treaties and assemblies and coun- cils and supplications. And he is entitled to receive from the king of Eire fifty swords and fifty shields and fifty bondmen and fifty dresses and fifty steeds : these for the king of Aileach. He distributes his stipends thus : Five shields, five swords and five drinking-horns and five women and five bondmen and five steeds to the king of Cairbre Droma Cliabh. Five shields, five bondmen, five women, five swords to the king of the Cineal Aedha of Eas Ruaidh. Six steeds, six shields six swords, six drinking-horns, six blue cloaks and six green cloaks to the king of the Cineal Boghaine. Five steeds, five shields, five swords and five cloaks, five coats of mail to the king of the Cineal Eanna. Seven women, seven bondmen, seven steeds, seven swords to the king of the Cineal Lughdhach. Seven bondmen, seven women, seven swords, seven drinking-horns to the king of Inis Eoghain. Six steeds, six drinking-horns, six swords, six shields, six hounds to the king of Magh Iotha. After the establishment of surnames we find (O'Boyles), O'Galchobhair (O'Gallaghers), settled there the families of O'Maeldoraidh O'Dochartaigh (O'Dohertys), and various (0'Muldorys),0'Canannain(0'Canannans), other collateral tribes who are still minie- O'Domhnaill (O'Donnells), O'Buighill rous in the county. 128 Ceabhaji Upi h-eich, cpi pceich 31 , cpi claioivii, cpi cuipn do pi h-Ua piach- pach Qpoa Spacha. Upi h-eich, cpi pceich 31 , cpi clammi, cpi cuipn do pig peap 6uip 5 . Upi h-eich, cpi pceic 31 , cpi claibim, cpi bputc uaine do pi na Cpaibi. Cpi mna, cpi maccul, cpi h-inaip bo pij Ua TTlic Caipcainb. Upi h-eich, cpi pceich 31 , cpi cuipn, cpt claiomi do pig Ciannacca ^leanna ^jerhin. Se mojaio, pe gabpa, [pe claibim], pe pceich do pi peap C'\. Upi mnd, cpi mogaio, cpi h-eich do pi h-UaUuipcpe. Caeca mojaiD acup caeca eppiD acup caeca bpac acup caeca luipeach do pi Uhulcha Og. Conab Do'n pogail pin acupoo'n poinb 33 po cacain 6enein [and po pip .1.] : Q pite, od n-oeachaip po cuaib cap 33 TTlag n-lcha n-imil chpuaio, inDip cuapipcal each ain 6 pig Gilig 34 aBpao cain. Qn can nach pig D'Gpino ain pig Gilig co n-abbal chain, oligio leach-guala 35 cean locc 6 pig GpeanD na n-apD pope. Caeca claioeam, caeca pciach, caeca mogao, — lp mop piach, caeca eppio, caeca each do pig Gilig na n-apo bpeach 30 . t)ligiD a pi gpaio co pach 6 pig Q1I15 na n-apm chach, lap pcip cpuabaipcip 37 , po clum, cuapipcail ip cibnocail. Cuic pceich, cuic claioem, [cuig] cuipn, cuic eich, coic mnd, mop a muipnn 39 , ' Magh lotha — See p. 124, note » supra. na 5-Ceapc. 129 Three steeds, three shields, three swords and three drinking-horns to the king of the Ui Fiachrach of Ard Sratha. Three steeds, three shields, three swords, three drinking-horns to the king of the Fir Luirg. Three steeds, three shields, three swords, three green cloaks to the king of Craebh. Three women, three matals, three tunics to the king of Ui Mic Caerthainn. Three steeds, three shields, three drinking-horns, three swords to the king of Cianachta Gleanna Geimhin. Six bondmen, six horses, six swords, six shields to the king of the Fir Li. Three women, three bondmen, three steeds to the king of Ui Tuirtre. Fifty bondmen and fifty dresses and fifty cloaks and fifty coats of mail to the king of Tulach Og. Of this division and distribution Benean sang thus as below, viz. : MAN, if thou hast gone northwards Across Magh Iotha 1 of the hardy border, Tell the stipend of every one (i. e. chieftain) From the king of Aileach of the serene brow. When over noble Eire reigns not The king of Aileach of the vast tribute He is entitled to sit without fail By the side of the king of Eire of noble mansions : Fifty swords, fifty shields, Fifty bondmen, — it is a great debt, Fifty dresses, fifty steeds [from the monarch] To the king of Aileach of high decisions. Entitled are his chieftains of prosperity From the king of Aileach of the armed battalions, After resting from a hard march, I have heard, To stipends and gifts. Five shields, five swords, five drinking-horns, Five steeds, five women, great their hilarity. 130 teabhccji oo pij Chaipppi Opoma Cliab 6 pij Gilij; na n-dipo ppian. t)li jio pi Cenel n-Qe6a coic pceic, coic claiorhi caela, coic mojairj cap moin^ mapa, coic mnd pmou, pip-jlana. "Rij Cheneoil 66gaine buain 0I1516 cuic eochu 39 mapc-pluaij, pe pceieh, pe claibim, pe cuipnb, pe bpuic uaine, pe bpuic 5111pm. t)liji6 pi Ceneil n-Gnba coic eich dilli, lmcpenu, coic pceich, coic cloioirh chacha, coic leanna, coic U'npeacha. t)liji6 pi Ceneoil 6u^6ach peace (5)-clai6rhi pe cpuao upbach, peachc mnd, peachc mojaib, co moch, peachc n-eich ana oo'n anpoch. u Cuirhre of Druim Cliabh — This dis- of the race of Conall Gulban was seated trict is now the barony of " Carlnxry" in in the territory of Tir Aedha, the now ba- the north of the county of Sligo. It is rony of " Tirhugh," in the south-west of the called of Druim Cliabh (Drumcliff), from county of Donegal. According to O'Dubh- a famous monastery erected there in the again' s topographical poem, O'h- Aedha sixth century by St. Colum Cille. The (now Anglice " Hughes") was the chief of ancient inhabitants of this territory were this territory, which was called the Triocha descended from Cairbre, the third son of or Cantred of Eas Ruaidh, from the great Niall of the Niue Hostages. It is curious cataract of that name See p. 34, note 1, to observe, that it was considered a part supra, and Battle of Magh Rath, p. 157, of Ulster, and tributary to the king of note u . Aileach, when this poem was written — " Cineal Boghaine, i. e. the race of See Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. ii. Earma Boghaine, who was the second son c. 110, Trias Thaum. p. 144, and Genea- of Conall Gulban, the progenitor of all the logies, Tribes, &c. of the Ui Fiachrach, Cineal Conaill. Their country was called p. 278. Tir Boghaine, and is included in the pre- v Cineal Aedha, i. e. the race of Aedh, sent barony of " Banagh," in the west of commonly Anglicized "Hugh." This sept the county of Donegal. This territory is na 5-Cecqir. 131 To the king of Cairbre of Druim Cliabh u From the king of Aileach of grand bridles. Entitled is the king of Cineal Aedha v To five shields, five slender swords, Five bondmen [brought] over thebristling surface of the sea, Five fair-haired, truly-fine women. The king of the Cineal Boghaine w , the firm, Is entitled to five steeds for cavalry, Six shields, six swords, six drinking-horns, Six green cloaks, six bine cloaks. Entitled is the king of Cineal Eanna x To five beautiful, powerful steeds, Five shields, five swords of battle, Five mantles, five coats of mail. Entitled is the king of Cineal Lughdhach y To seven swords for hard defence, Seven women, seven bondmen, early, Seven noble steeds to the hero. described in the Book of Feanach (Fenagh), sinum de Suilech et ab hoc Enna posses- fol. 47, a, a, as extending from the river sam fuisse et nomen sumpsisse tradunt Eidhneach (Eany), which falls into the acta Conalli fratris einsdem Ennae, et alias harbour of Inbhear Naile (Inver — the bay passim domestical hystoria?." — Acta SS. of Donegal), to the stream of Dobhar, p. 370, note 14. The parish of " Taugh- which flows from the rugged moimtains — boyne," Ceuc &aeicin (i e. the house See Battle of Magh Rath, p. 156, note p. f " St. Baithenus''), in the barony of The Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. ii. " Raphoe," is in this territory, as appears c. 40, places the mountain of Sliabh Liag from Colgan, loc. cit. It is stated in the in this territory — See Colgan's Trias will of Domhnall O'Galchobhair (Donnell Thaum. p. 135. O'Gallagher), steward to the * Cineal Eanna, i. e. the race of Eanna, Aedh Ruadh O'Domhnaill (Red Hugh the youngest son of Niall of the Nine O'Donnell), who died hi 1602, that this Hostages. The position of the territory of territory contained thirty quarters of land, this tribe is described by Colgan as follows, According to O'Dubhagain's topographical in a note on the Life of "St. Baithenus :" poem, "MagDubhain" was the chief of this "Est in Tir Conalliii inter duo maris Bra- territory. chia, nempe inter sinum Loch-Febhuil et v Cineal Lvyhdhach, i. e. the race of k2 132 teablictji t)b^i6 pi lnopi h-Go£ain pe mojaio, — nf mop beolai j, peachc n-eich, peachc mna cap muip moip, pecc (5)-cuipn chaerha ppi 40 corin-ol. t)lijio pi ITIuiji lcha pe h-eich 41 chaema cap cpicha, pe cuipn 4 ' 2 , pe claibim, pe coin, pe peeich pinba cap ppoijehib 43 . t)lijib pi h-Ua Piachpach Pino 44 pe 45 h-eich ailli 'c-a oeij-lino 46 , cpi peeich, cpi cuipn, cpi claibim 6 pij echcac, apb Q1I15. tHijic pij peap ^uipj, in laech, cpi h-eich ailli cap 47 apo ppaech, cpi peeich, cpi cloioim coppa acup cpi cuipn chom-6onna 4S . t)liji6 pi na Cpaitii cpob, cpi h-eich ceanoa, a (o)-cuapipcol, cpi peeich, cpi claiomi caca, cpi bpuic uaine, aen-bacha. Dlijio pi h-Ua ITIic Caipchainb cpi h-inaip co n-6p pdichim, cpi macail chaema, chana, cpi mna oaepa oingbdla. t)lijio pi ^Imbi ^emin cpi h-eich oonba co bemm, Lughaidh, son of Seanna, who was the was in it — See Feilire Aenghuis at 9th grandson of Conall Gidban. This was the June ; see poem on the divisions of Tir tribe name of the family of O'Domhnaill Chonaill, iu the Book of Feanach, fol. 47, (O'Donnells), and, before they became head b, a, and see it quoted in Battle of Magh chiefs of Tir Chonaill, their territory ex- Rath, pp. 157, 158. tended from the stream of Dobhar to the z Inis Eoghain. — See page 126, note r . river Suilidhe (Swilly). Tulach Dubh- In the latter ages this territory belonged to ghlaise (Tullydouglas). near Kilmacrenan, O'Dochartaigh (O'Doherty), who was of na s-Ceajic. 133 Entitled is the king of Inis Eoghain* To six bondmen, — no great gratuity, Seven steeds, six women [brought] over the great sea, Seven beautiful horns for drinking. Entitled is the king of Magh Iotha a To six beautiful steeds from [other] countries, Six drinking-horns, six swords, six hounds, Six fair shields from beyond the seas. Entitled is the king of Ui Fiachrach Fionn b To six beautiful steeds at his good lake, Three shields, three drinking-horns, three swords From the mighty-deeded, noble king of Aileach. Entitled is the king of the Fir Luirg c , the hero, To three beautiful steeds [brought] from over the deep sea, Three shields, three polished swords And three brown drinking-horns. Entitled is the king of the Craebh d to a gift, Three strong steeds, as stipend, Three shields, three swords of battle, Three green cloaks, of even color. Entitled is the king of Ui Mic Caerthahm e To three tunics with golden borders, Three beautiful, fair matals, Three befitting bondwomen. Entitled is the king of Gleann Geimhin f To three bay steeds assuredly, the race of Conall Gulban ; but previous Seep. 121, note r , supra. to the fourteenth century it belonged to c MenofLurg — Seep. 121, n. e , supra. several families of the race of Eoghan, the u Craebh — See p. 125, note P, supra. ancestor of the O'Neills, and was tributary e Ui Mic Caerthainn. — See p. 122, n. h . to O'Neill, not to O'Domhnaill. f Gleann Geimhin, i. e. the valley of ■' Magh Iotha See p. 124, n. n , supra. Geimhin, a man's name. This was the b Ui Fiachrach Fionn, i. e., the Li ancient name of the vale of the river Eoa Fiachrach Arda Sratha in Tir Eoghain. — (Roe), which runs through the centre of 134 Cectbhap cpi pceich, epf cuipn, cpi claioim each bliaona ll-ldim pig Gilig. Oligio pi peap Ci in lacha pe pceich, pe cloioriu caru, pe gabpa peanga, poela, i pe mogaio mop obpa. t)ligio pi h-Ua Cuipcpe ehuaio 49 cpi gabpa meapa mapc-pluuig, cpi mnd co ceanoaib caema lp cpi mogaio mop, oaepa. Dligio pi ceano Uulcha O5 caeca mog pachmap op poo, caeca claioeam, caeca each, caeca leano, caeca Knpeach. Ged punb peanchup ptl Neill ; pacbaim il-lebpaib, co lep 30 ; lam 6enen, cean oirheap, n-oil, api 00 pcpib 51 ami, a pip Q[P1R]. in. 2. Oliglieao R15I1 OijijjluaU. [t)o Oipjiallaib buoeapca plpanach.] t)o seaNchas aipgiaii a»o r o [pip], ni oi.g.o cpa a.p- giulla ace ploigeuo cpi coicchigip 1 each epeap bliaoam la h-dipo- pig Gpino; acup nf chiagaio ano pin mdb Gappach acup 8 mdo Pogrnap; acup pechc (g)-cumala each pip Oib innon in e-[p]loigio pm; acup peachemao caca h-aiehgeana uaioib; acup ni icaic .1. n-gaic oo gniao ucc luga meplig; acup ni gabchap a n-eicepi 1 n-glnp, no 1 plabpao, ace luga po laim pig, nd [mdi B.] eeip app lupam, noco n-dgaib foipb ehalman no nirhe. the territory of the CSanachta; and "king See p. L22, n. '. supra. of Gleann Geimhin" is here intended to B Fir Li — See p. 122, n. i, suprd. mean the same as kin;; of the CSanachta. — b Tulach Og. — See p. 36, 11. ". supret. na 5-Ceapc. 135 Three Bhields, three drinking-horns, three swords Every year from the hand of the king of Aileach. Entitled is the king of the Fir Li 8 of the lake To six shields, six swords of battle, Six slender, proud horses, And six bondmen of great work. Entitled is the king of the northern Ui Tuirtre To three swift horses for cavalry, Three women with fair heads [of hair] And three large, enslaved bondmen. Entitled is the strong king of Tulach Og h To fifty prosperous bondmen over his fields, Fifty swords, fifty steeds, Fifty mantles, fifty coats of mail. Here is the history of Niall's race' ; I find [it] in books, clearly; Benean's faithful hand, without reproach, Was the one that wrote it there, man ! . . . O MAN ! III. — 2. The Privileges ok the King of the Oirghialla. Of the Oirghialla now here below. OF THE HISTORY of the Oirghialla down here. The Oirghialla are not bound to attend but on a hosting of three fortnights every third year, with the supreme-king of Eire ; and they do not then go if it be Spring or Autumn ; and seven cumhals (bondwomen) for every man of them [lost] on that hosting ; and they make restitution^ the seventh part only ; and they pay not, for the theft they may commit, if the thief's oath [deny it] ; and their hostages are not bound in fetters, nor in chains, save that they swear by the hand of the king that they will not then make their escape, [and] if then they do depart, that they shall not have the inheritance of earth or heaven. 1 NialVt nice See p. 120, n. a , supra. of this race since the introduction of Chris- All the kings of Aileach and Uladh wen- tianity. 136 Ceabliaji Oleajaib bno cpian caeha copaib 6 pij Gpino .1. cpian na 66- porha .1. cuic pij Ula6 ap n-bich Ula6 1 (5)-cach Gchaib 6eich- beipjlapna (b)-Cpi Colla; acup popao pij Qipjiall lairh pe popab pij Gpmb 1 (b)-Caillcin acup a n-Uipneach acup ap pepna Sam- na; acup ipeao a chorhap coma pua a claioearh larh pi j h-Gpino ; acup lp leip cionocol each chpeap cuipn bo poa co pij Cearhpach. Cpian cacha n-olea£aio 6 pij Gpino blijio pil Colla TTleanb uaibib-peom ap a beich 'n-a rpen-peap. Qn cuopuma bip (bo) pij Clipjiall 6 pij Cearh- pach, ipeao pin blijip a pijan 6 pijain pi£ h-Gpino. Conao 061b po cheab 6enean anb po: [Olejaib bna cpian jac co- buij 6 pi Gil 15 ajup cpian in cpin pin la pil Colla ffleanb; a^up popuo pi Oipjiall ppi po- puo pij Cailcean; ajup ipeao a corhup joma pua claibearh pij Qipjiall co h-ino a lama in a- learh; agup lp lep ciblacuo jaca cpeap cuipn oa poa coi pi Cearii- pac. Q pijan an cumac ceanna. Conio boib po cacain 6enen in paecap-pa pip, B.] : GISCl^ cam clumebaip peanchup ao peibim 4 : i They are entitled. — This passage differs widely in the two copies, and both ver- sions are here given in the text in full, that from the Book of Leaean in the left- hand columns, that from the Book of Baile an Mhuta in the right-hand columns. k Battle of Achadh Leith-dheirg.— This battle was fought A. D. 332. The place is mentioned by Tighearnach as situate in that part of the country' of the Oirghialla called Fearn-nihagh, the now barony of " Farney," in the county of Mona- ghan. The Editor, when he visited the county of Down several years since, thought that it might be "Aghaderg near Lough- brickland," but he has been long since convinced that this is an error, inasmuch as Fearn-mhagh is unquestionably the pre- sent barony of Farney, in the coimty of Monaghan, and the parish of " Aghderg," Qc oeapj, i. e. the red ford, is in the country into which the ancient Ultonians were driven, and of which they retained pi issessi m. The battle was fought many miles to the west of Gleann Bighe, which is the vale of the Newry river, beyond which the Ultonians were driven ; and it is remarked in the accounts of the battle of Achadh Leith-dheirg. that they never ex- tended their kingdom beyond it, for that a na 5-Cecqic. 137 Tliey are entitled-*, too, to the third part of every [casual] revenue from the king of Eire, for instance, the third part of the Borumha, that is, the king of Uladh's share after the overthrow of the men of Uladh, in the battle of Achadh Leith- dheirg k , by the Three Collas ; and the seat of the king of the Oir- ghialla, next the seat of the king of Eire, at Taillte and at Uisneach and at the feast of Samhain [at Teamhair or Tara] and the dis- tance [between them] is such that his sword would reach the hand of the king of Eire; and it belongs to him to present every third drink- ing-horn that is brought to the king of Teamhair. The third part of what he is entitled to get from the king of Eire the race of Colla Meann are entitled to receive from him on account of his having been a mighty man. The same portion which the king of the Oirghialla receives from the king of Eire, his queen is entitled to receive from the queen of the king of Eire. Of these Benean composed this [poem] : HEARKEN ! that ye may h The history which I relate They are entitled.), too, to a third of every levy [of tribute or prey] from the king of Aileach, and one- third of that third is due to the de- scendants of Colla Meann ; and the seat of the king of the Oirghialla is near the seat of the king of Taillte; and its distance from him is, that the sword of the king of Oir- ghialla should reach the top of his (the king's) butler's hands ; and to him belongs the presenting of every third drinking-horn which is brought to the king of Teamhair. His queen is entitled to the same privilege. And for them did Be- nean sing this work below : definite boundary was formed on this side tolerable preservation, and is now known of Gleann Righe, from Newry upwards in Irish by the name of Gleann na Muice [i. e. northwards]. See MS. cited p. 36, Duibhe, i. e. " the valley of the black pig," n. '. supra. This boundary still remains in and '-the Danes' Cast" in English. 138 Ceablicqi aenca dpo Qipjiallach paio ppi pij Gpino. t)leajap 5 6 Gipjialluib lap peachcaib piajla plojab cpi coicchijip 6 1 (5)-cinb ceopa bliaona. Hi 'n-Gappach chiajaio-peonv, ipeao do chuala, nctpp pop cino Pojarhatp pp) bpuine buubu 9 [buana B.]. Seachc (g)-ceac a (bj-cochurhluo^ lap n-oul 6 chuachaib, peachc (5)-ceae ooib, achappuch 10 , oo peabaib pluajai j ; Sluajao oap Gipjiallaib can lapachc n-dpach, peachc (5)-curhala ooib-piorh irro iap na rhdpacli. t)ia mapbao inoili, — o lafoib luaioio, — k A hosting of three fortnights. — Tliis differs but little from the service of a knight's fee in the feudal system, by which the knight was bound to attend the king in his wars for forty days every year — Coke upon Littleton, ss. 75, 76, andBlaekstone's Commentaries, book i. c. 13. See Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine, p. 67, where it is stated that if the king of Connacht should continue longer than six weeks on an expedition, the forces which he had levied hi Ui Maine (who were, as is there shown, an offset of the Oirghialla) might return home. 1 Nor during the Autumn See Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine, p. 67, where it is stated that the tribes of that territory were freed from the hostings of Spring and Autumn, and that there was no power to ask them against their will. This is a very curious privilege, ceded or continued to a race after they had left their original province. m Seven hundred, i. e. should the Oir- ghialla send seven hundred men to assist the monarch on an expedition, he should pay each of them a scad or cow. The term peG, or peob, is used throughout the net 5-Cea|ic. 139 The great compact of the Oirghialla I recite [made] with the king of Eire. There is due of the Oirghialla By statutes of regulation A hosting for three fortnights* Every three years. Not in Spring they ever go, This is what I have heard, Nor at the beginning of Autumn 1 On the eve of reaping. Seven hundred is their rising -out On going forth from their territories, Seven hundred 111 [are given] to them, in return, Of cows for the hosting ; A hosting across Oirghialla Without respite for the debt, Seven cumhals" to them are to be given For it on the morrow. If they should kill cattle, — In poems it is mentioned, — Brehon Laws to denote a full-grown cow. longs to the king or a bishop, or shall It is stated in the tract already cited, commit any outrage against them, or shall p. 36, n. e , that the king of the Oirghialla offer any contempt to them, he shall pay was bound to go with his rising-out on an the price of seven bondwomen, or shall expedition with the monarch for six weeks do penance with the bishop for seven every third year (but not in Spring or Au- years. See his work on the Antiquities tumn), and that each of their chieftains of Ireland, c. xx. It is stated in the was paid twenty-one cows as wages, during tract on Oirghialla just referred to, that that time. if their country should be plundered while n Seven cumhals. — Aciunhalwasabond- the forces of Oirghialla were away on an maid, and her value was equal to that expedition with the monarch, the latter of three cows. Ware quotes an old Irish should give them six cows for every cow canon, which says : " Whoever shall pre- which had been carried away by the plun- sume to steal or plunder anything that be- derers. 140 Leabhcqi peachea each aiehjeanu do bponcap uaioib. 1T)u6 luioi Ucheap-porii in n-gnirhaib geimlib, nocho bleajap otb-peom" ace luiji \_an^ riieplij. Qicepi na n-Qipjiallach, — cia 12 cheip app arhlaij, — ache luiji an aicepi cean jlap, cean c-plubpuio. t)ia n-elooa 13 in c-aioepi, — peib eolap oaepoa ni calvhain cojaioi ni nimi naemoa. t)li£i6 pi£ Qipjiall, po Gpino no paio, — oo pijaib peachema epian cacha copaio. Q epian in cpin pin, co pJp nip panoa, la Colla mop TTIeanea 14 mac-plaich na (5)-Colla. " The seventh of each restitution, i. e. whatever trespass they may commit in killing or injuring cattle, they are bound to pay only the seventh part of the tine which the general law imposes. This was a strange privilege, and, like their other privileges, seems to have had its origin in the presumed high bearing of the Oir- ghialla. p Without a fetter or chain, i. e. when the hostage takes an oath, that is, as the prose has it, swears by the hand of the king, that he will not escape from his cap- tivity, he is left without a fetter ; but if he should afterwards escape, he then loses his caste, and is regarded as a perjured man. The tract on Oirghialla states, that when- ever the hostage of the Oirghialla was fet- tered, golden chains were used for the pur- pose, and that it was hence they were called Oirghialla, i. e. of the golden hostages. i To the third of each profit See Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine, pp. 63, 64, 65, where it is stated that the king na 5-Ceapc. 141 The seventh [part only] of each restitution in kind Is given by them. If they are charged upon oath With deeds [deserving] of fetters, They are not bound to produce But the oath of the thief. The hostage of the Oirghialla, — Though in such case he may escape, — Save the oath of the hostage He is left without fetter, without chain?. If the hostage should elope, — According to the law of bondage He is not fit for earth Nor for holy heaven. Entitled is the king of the Oirghialla, Throughout Eire 'tis known, — From the rightful kings To the third of each proflt q . The third of that third, Truly not feeble, Belongs to the great Colla Meann r , The youngest prince of the Collas. of Connacht ceded the following emolu- privileges of treasure-trove, jetsom, &c. merits to the people of that territory, who r Colla Meann. — The race of Colla Meann were a colony from the eastern or original were the inhabitants of Crioch Mughdhorn, Oirghialla, planted in Connacht after the " Cremorne," in Monaghan, and not the establishment of Christianity, viz., the third mountainous country of " Mourne," in the part of every treasure found hidden or bu- east of Ulster, as stated in O'Flaherty's ried in the depths of the earth, and the third Ogygia, part iii. c. 76. The mountainous part of the eric for every man of their peo- territory in the east of Ulster belonged to pie that is killed, and the third part of the ancient Ullta, not to the Oirghialla. every treasure thrown by the sea into the From Colla Uais, the eldest of the bro- harbours of Connacht. There is a resem- thers, the " Mac Donnells, Mac Dugalds, blance here to the Gallo -Norman feudal and Mac Allisters" of Scotland, with their 142 Leabhap O eheajlaib Gpino co popuo na Cearhpach 15 popao pij Gipjiall pop beip pij Caillcean. Corhap an popaio pin, co pip nf h-ainpip 16 , co pia a cpuao a claioenrh-pon ni [in B.] oailearh bai jlip. tDli^io pij Qip^iall peach each epiarh rpeboach cac chpeap copn oei j-leanoa pop beip pij Ceavhpach. OI1516 a pijan-pom, cean bpeic, cean baili, in curhao ceacna pin o'n pijain aili. Qiecheam in t)uilearhon, na n-uili n-epcio, in c-aipo-pij, aoarhpa, oipnioi, eipcio GlSClt). CUG12GSC06 pij Qipjiall 6 pi£ Gpmo ano po [pip], acup ruapipcol cuach Qipjiall 6 pij Qipjiall pobepin. tDlijio bin pij Gipjiall ceaoamup 6 pij h-Gpino paep-jeillpine pop a jiallaib; acup a n-aichni ll-lairh pij Ueavhpach, acup a correlatives, sprung; and from Colla Da of the island of Einn Sibhne, now " Island Chrioch came the families of Mac Math- Magee," are of the race of Colla Uais. Ac- ghamhna (Mac Mahons), Mac Uidhir (Ma- cording to O'Dubhagain's Topographical guires), O'h-Anluain (O'Hanlons), Mac An- Poem O'Machaidhen was the chief of Crioch na (Mac Canns), and other families of the Mughdhorn. Oirghialla (Oriel). It is also stated that the s Reach his sword It is stated in the families of O'Floinn (O'Lyn), &c, ofMagh tract on Oirghialla, that the king of the Line (Moylinny), and Mac Aedha (Magee) Claim Colla was entitled to sit by the side net 5-Ceapc. 143 [Everywhere] from the mansions [of the chiefs] of Eire To the throne of Teamhair, The throne (seat) of the king of the Oirghialla Is at the right of the king of Taillte [i. e. of Ireland]. The distance of that seat, Truly 'tis no mistake, [Is such] that his hard sword should reach 5 The cup-bearer who distributes. Entitled is the king of the Oirghialla Beyond each lord of tribes To every third horn of goodly ale On the right of the king of Teamhair. Entitled is his queen, [too], Without falsehood, without boasting, To the same distinction From the other queen. We implore the Creator, [The receiver] of all supplications, The supreme-king, adorable, Venerated, to hear us HEARKEN ! THE STIPEND of the king of Oirghialla from the king of Eire down here, and the stipends of the chieftainries of Oirghialla from the king of Oirghialla himself. The king of the Oirghialla in the first place is entitled to get from the king of Eire free hostageship for his hostages ; and their custody to be in the hand of the king of Teamhair (Tara), and they are to be of the king of Ireland, and all the rest were own family, and that they had carried this the length of his hand and sword distant through fifteen generations ; and he adds from the king. See the Banquet of Dim na immediately after, that they had claimed n-Geadh, Battle of Magh Eath, p. 29. the see of Ard Macha, and maintained pos- St. Bernard, in the Life of St. Malachy, session of it for two hundred years, claim- says that the Oirghialla would not allow ing it as their indubitable birth-right. See any bishop among them except one of their Colgan's Trias Thaum. pp. 801, 802. 144 Ceabhaji n-eiceao acup a m-biachao 061b, acup a m-beich a piunib pi£ 17 ; acup meach ooib-peom ma popluiopeao 18 ap a n-jeillpine. Oligio pi h-Lla Niallan cheaoamup cpi pceich acup cpi claioim acup cpf cuipnn acup cpi h-eich 6 pij Gpino [ino] pin. Coic bpuic copcpa acup coic claioim acup coic eich do pij h-Ua m-6peapail. Se bpuic acup pe pceich acup pe claioim acup pe cuipn acup pe h-eich do pig h-Lla n-Gachach. Ceichpi cuipnn acup ceichpi claiomi acup ceirpi pceich, [ceirpi bpuic] oo pi j h-Ua iTIeich. Cpi bpuic acup cpi pceich acup cpi claiomi acup cpi luipeacha oo pig h-Ua n-t)opcain. Se h-eich, pe mojaio, pe mna oo pi h-Ua m-6piuin Qpchoill' 9 . Ochc m-bpuic acup occ n-eich acup ochc pceich acup ochc (5)-clai6irh acup ochc (g)-cuipn acup ochc mojaio oo pij f,eamna acup h-Ua Cpeamchaino acup Sll n-t)uibchfpi. Cpf h-eich, cpi pceich, cpi claioim, cpi bpuic, cpi luipeacha oo pij (Leichpeano 20 . Ceichpi h-eich, ceichpi mogaio, ceichpi cloioim, [ceicpi pceic] oo pij t)apcpaioi Coinoinopi. Se luipeacha, pe cuipn, pe pceich, pe claiomi, pe mna, pe pich- cilla oo pij Peapn-muiji. Coic 21 bpuic, coic 21 pceich, coic 21 claiomi, coic 21 longa, [pe luip- eaca] oo pi peap TTlanach. Se mojaio, pe pceich, pe claiomi, pe cuipn, Oa bpac oec bo pij TDujoopn lp 12op 22 . Conio oo coimeao na cana pin acup in co- chaip pin pop pij 23 6enen [in paice] ano po [pip]. in cheisc-sea F o P chiomo Coiia pop pluaj luchaip Ciach-opoma can pip a (o)-cuapapcail call 6 pij Puaib na (b-)pino peapano. 1 Liath-druim, i. e. the hill of Liath the a mountain in the county of Armagh, the son of Laighne Leathan-ghlas. See Petrie's highest of "the Fews" mountains. See Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 108. TJiis O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. cc. iv. and was an old name of Teamhair (Tara). xvi., and Heating's History of Ireland, " Fuaid Usaally called Sliabh Fuaid, Haliday's Edition, pp. 168, 300, 382. Its ncc 5-Ceapc. 145 clothed and fed by them, and they are to be in the secrets of the king; and withering (a curse) is upon them if they escape from their hostage- ship. The king of the Ui Niallain, in the first place, is entitled to three shields and three swords and three drinking-horns and three steeds from the king of Eire. Five scarlet cloaks and five swords and five steeds to the king of Ui Breasail. Six cloaks and six shields and six swords and six drinking-horns and six steeds to the king of Ui Eachach. Four drinking-horns and four swords and four shields, four cloaks to the king of Ui Meith. Three cloaks and three shields and three swords and three coats of mail to the king of Ui Dor tain. Six steeds, six bondmen, six women to the king of Ui Briuin Archoill. Eight cloaks and eight steeds and eight shields and eight swords and eight drinking-horns and eight bondmen to the king of Leamhain and Ui Creamhthainn and Siol Duibhthire. Three steeds, three shields, three swords, three cloaks, three coats of mail to the king of Leithrinn. Four steeds, four bondmen, four swords, four shields to the king of Dartraidhe Coinninnse. Six coats of mail, six drinking horns, six shields, six swords, six women, six chess-boards to the king of Fearn-mhagh. Five cloaks, five shields, five swords, five ships, six coats of mail to the king of the Feara Manach. Six bondmen, six shields, six swords, six drinking-horns, twelve cloaks to the king of Mughdhorn and Ros. It was to preserve this regula- tion and this tribute that Benean the sage wove this [poem] below here: THIS DIFFICULTY [rests] upon the race of the Collas, Upon the bright host of Liath-druim 1 [That they] know not their own stipends, there, From the king of Fuaid" of fair lands. position is marked on an old map in the of " Sliew Fodeli," which is an attempt at Statr Papers' Office, London, under the name writing Sliub Puuib. L 146 Leabhap CIca puno; ploinopeab-pa baib !b peanchop cloinbi Caipppi cafrii 29 ; cluinij, a luce Pad na (b)-Pian, cuapipcla dilli Gipjiall. OI1516 pi Qipjiall co n-aiB 6 pig h-Gpmo aijeab 30 chain paep-jellpine, — paep a chop, cuapipcol ip cibnocol. Nae n-jeill bo pi Porla ap peachc bo beoin 31 pij Qipjiall, aen-peachc a n-airni ac pi Ulaccja eaip, cean chapepa acup cean cheanjal' 2 . Gppao a n-bingbala boib, each, claibeam co n-eltaib oip, cocop 33 cumaij, cumbaij niarii b'aieipib ailli Gipjiall. JTIeach boib-peom bia n-elao ap, mepa bo'n pi£ jebeap glap 34 ; ace pin, nl blij neach ni 6e bo pig Clip^iall oipnioe. Upi pceich, epi claiomi, epi cuipn, epi h-eich, epi mna, mop a M muipn, oo pi h-Ua Niallan mam cloeh 6 36 pij Gpino na n-uap loch. Uuapipeol pij h-Ua m-6peapad cpi bpuie copepa ip caerh chapaip, T The race of fair Cairbre, i. e. the Oirghialla, descended from Cairbre Lif- eachair, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 277. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 70 ; and see also Mr. Shirley's recent work, cited p. 153, n. k , infra, p. 147. " Nine hostages, i. e. a hostage for each cantred, for Oirghialla consisted of nine Triocha Ceads. Battle ofMagh Rath, p. 29. " The Ui Niallain, Anglicized into " Oneilland," a territory now divided into two baronies (east and west) in Armagh. 5-Ceajiu. 147 Here it is : I shall tell to you The history of the race of fair Cairbre v ; Hear, ye people of Fail of the Fians, The grand stipends of the Oirghialla. Entitled is the majestic king of Oirghialla, From the king of Eire of the benign countenance, To free hostageship, — generous his engagement, To stipend and presents. Nine hostages w [are given] to the king of Fodhla truly By consent of the king of the Oirghialla, together To be kept by the king of Tlachtgha in the east, Without incarceration and without fettering. A befitting attire for them, A steed, a sword Avith studs of gold, Secret confidence, elegant apartments For the comely hostages of the Oirghialla. Withering (a curse) upon them if they elope thence, Still worse for the king who will put on the fetter ; Save that, no one is entitled to aught From the illustrious king of the Oirghialla. Three shields, three swords, three drinking-horns, Three steeds, three women, great their merriment, To the king of Ui Niallain x of shining lame From the king of Eire [Oirghialla] of the cold lakes. The stipend of the king of Ui Breasail y [is] Three purple cloaks of fine brilliance, The Niallan from whom this tribe derive was the chief of this tribe, their name and origin was the son of Fiach, >' Ui Breasuih — These were otherwise son of Feidhlim, son of Fiachra Casan, who called Ui Breasail Macha, and were de- was son of Colla Da Chrioch. See Ogi/ffia, scended from Breasal, son of Feidhlim, part iii. c. 76. Daire, who granted the site son of Fiachra Casan, son of Colla Da of the cathedral of Armagh to St. Patrick Chrioch. See Ogygia, ubi supra. In lat- l2 148 Cenbhap coic pceich, coic claiorhi cucha, coic eich Diana, beu^-bacha. Olijio pi h-Lla n-Gachach aipo 37 coic 38 bpuic copcpa cheachap dipb 39 , coic 3H pceich, coic 39 cloibirh, coic 3S cuipn, coic M eich jlapa, jabal-^uipm. t)li£i6 pi h-Lla TTIeich, in mdl, 6 pij TTlacha na mop oal ter ages this territory was more usually called Clarui Breasail (Angliee Clanbrazil). According to O'Dubhagain's Topographical Poem, the tribe of O'Gairbheth (O'Gar- veys) were the ancient chiefs of this terri- tory, but in more modern times it belonged to the "Mac Canns," who are not of the Ui Niallain race, but descend from Rochadh, son of Colla Da Chrioch. This territory is shown on a map of Ulster made in the reign of Elizabeth (or James I.), as on the south of " Lough Neagh," where the upper Bann enters that lake, from which, and from the space given it, it appears to be co-extensive with the present barony of " Oneilland East." This view shows that in the forma- tion of the baronies more than one territory was placed in that of " Oneilland ;" and the fact is that all the eastern part of Oir- ghialla, called Oirthear, was occupied by septs of the race of Niallan, that district including the present baronies of East and West "Oneilland" and also those of East and West " Orior ;" for the sept of O'h-Anluain (O'Hanlons), who possessed the two latter baronies, were descended from the aforesaid Niallan. z Ui Eachacfi, i. e. the descendants of Eochaidh, son of Feidhlim, son of Fiachra Casan, son of Colla Da Chrioch. This tribe is to be distinguished from the Ui Eachach Uladh, or ancient inhabitants of the baro- nies of " Iveagh," in the county of Down, who were of the Clanna Eudhraidhe. They were a tribe of the Oirghialla, descended from Eochaidh, son of Cairbre Damh-air- gid, chief of the Oirghialla in the time of Saint Patrick. This sept were seated in the district of Tuath Eachadha, i.e. Eochaidh's district, a territory comprised in the present barony of "Armagh." This district is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 1498, and it is shown on the old Map of Ulster, already referred to, as " Toaghie," and represented as the country of " Owen mac Hugh mac Neale mac Art O'Neale." a Ui Meith, i. e. the descendants of Muireadhach Meith, the son of Iomchadh, who was the son of Colla Da Chrioch. There were two territories of this name in Oirghialla, one called sometimes Ui Meith The, from its inland situation, and some- times Ui Meith Macha, from its contiguity to Armagh ; and the latter Ui Meith Mara, from its contiguity to the sea. The latter was more anciently called Cuailghne, and its name and position are preserved in the Anglicized name of " O'Meath," a district in the county of Louth, comprising ten na g-Ceapc. 149 Five shields, live swords ui' battle, Five swift, goodly-colored steeds. Entitled is the king of Ui Eachach 2 , the noble, To five purple cloaks of four points, Five shields, five swords, five drinking-horns, Five grey, dark-forked steeds. Entitled is the king of Ui Meith a , the hero, From the king of Macha (of Oirghialla) of great meetings townlands, situate between Carlingford and Newry. The former, which is evidently the country of the Ui Meith referred to in Leabhar na g- Ceart, is a territory in the present county of Monaghan, comprising the parishes of "Tullycorbet, Kilmore, and Tehallan," in the barony of Monaghan. Colgan has the following note in editing the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. iii. c. 9: " Regio dicta Hua- Meith. hodie O'Meith est in Orientali parte Ultonia;, hinc Airthear, id est Orientalis dicta, et pars ejus mari vicinior Hua-Meith-mara, .i. Hua Methia maritima, et pars a mari remotior compa- ratione prioris Hua-Meith-tire, .i. Hua Methia terras sive continents quia conti- nent! Ultonia? jacet : hie et ab aliis priscis scriptoribus vocatur. Nomen illud Hua- Meith .i. posterorum Meith, videtur sor- tita a posteris Muredachi cognomento Meith, id est Obesi, rihi Imchadii filii Colla-da-Chrioch ; de quo Sanctilogium Genealogicum, c. 13, late in eo tractu tem- pore Patricii et postea dominantibus : Trias Thaum. p. 184, n. 16. From this note O'Flaherty, and from both Harris, in his edition of Ware's Anti- quities, have concluded that " Hy-Meith- tire" was the barony of Orior (O'Hanlon's country) in the county of Armagh; but incorrectly, for we have irrefragable evi- dence to prove that Ui Meith Tire was much further to the west. 1. The Tripar- tite Life of St. Patrick places the church of Tegh-Thellain, i. e. Teach Theallain, An- glice "Tehallan," in the barony of Mo- naghan, in regione de Hua-Mtdtlitire, a territory adjoining to regio Mugdornorum, which is the Latinized form of Crioch Mughdhorna, " Cremome," in Monaghan, in which the Tripartite Life places the eh inch of Domhnach Maighean (Donaghinoyne). 2. We learn from the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 26th January, that Tulach Carboid (Tullycorbet, in the said parish ofTehallan), was i n-U ib TTIeir fllaca, i. e. in Ui Meith Macha. 3. It appears from the same Calendar, that Cill Mor, the church of St. Aedhan mac Aenghusa, is in the territory of Ui Meith, and this is un- questionably the church of " Kilmore," near the town of Monaghan. 4. Colgan, Acta SS. p. 713, places the church of Muc- namh (Mucknoe), at Castleblayney, in this territory. Hence the conclusion is inevita- ble, that the territory of the Ui Meith Tire, Ui Meith Macha, was in the present county of Monaghan, and not in that of Armagh. We have, moreover, the authority of the 150 Leabhap ceirpi cloibirii, ceichpi cuipn, ceichpi bpuic, ceichpi h-ec juipm. Uuapipcol pij h-Lla n-t)opcain 4u cpi bpuic copcpa co coppccup, cpi pceich, cpi claibiTh caca, cpi lenoa, cpi luipeacha. t)liji6 pi h-Ua m-6piuin Qpchoill 41 cpi h-incup co n-6p paicum, pe h-eich, pe mojcuo malla, pe mna oaepa oinjbala 4 -. tDlijio pi h-Uu Uuipcpe lp cip 43 , cuapipcol culi oo'n pij, Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, to show that it met the barony of Cremorue at a place called Omna Renne, where their ancestor Muireadhach was interred. " Sepultus autem est [Muredachus] in confinibus Hua Methiorum et Mugdornorum in loco Omna Renne nuncupate, qui licet sit in limitibus utriusque regionis ad jus tamen Mugdor- norum spectat."^- Vita Tripart. lib. hi., c. 11. Trias Thaum. p. 151. All our modern writers, even to the pre- sent, have been led astray by the assumption that the Crioch Mughdhorna of the ancient writers is the present mountainous barony of " Mourne;" but as that territory is on the east side of the boundary at Gleann Righe, it could not have been a part of " Oriel," and consequently not the country of the descendants of Mughdhorn Dubh, the son of Colla, which lay far west of Gleann Righe. It appears from a pedigree of the " Mac Mahons," in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, that the moun- tainous district of Mourne in Uladh (which originally bore the appropriate appellation of Beanna Boirche, see p. 38, note s, supra), was so called from a tribe of the inhabitants of Crioch Mughdhorn in Oirghialla, who emigrated thither in the reign of Niall the Haughty, the son of Aedh, who was son of Maghnus Mac Mathghamhna. See the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 1457, where a range of heights in " Cremorne" is called Sliabh Mughdhorn, i. e. mons Mugdorno- rum. According to O'Dubhagain the tribes of 0' h-Innreachtaigh (O'Hanrattys) were the ancient chiefs of Ui Meith Macha, and this is confirmed by the tradition in the country which remembers that they were the ancient chieftains of this part of the county of Monaghan before they were dis- possessed by the sept of Mac Mathghamhna (Mac Mahons). It also adds that Maeldoid, the patron saint of Mucnamh (Mucknoe, at Castle Blayney), was of the same stock as the Ui Innreachtaigh (O'Hanrattys), the ancient dynasts of the district. This curious tradition is fully borne out by the following note in Colgan's Trias Thaum., p. 184, on na 5-Ceapc. 151 To four swords, four drinking-horns, Four cloaks, four iron-grey steeds. The stipend of the king of the Ui Dortain b [is] Three purple cloaks with borders, Three shields, three swords of battle, Three mantles, three coats of mail. Entitled is the king of Ui Briuin Archoill c To three tunics with golden hems, Six steeds, six heavy bondmen, Six befitting bondwomen. Entitled is the king of Ui Tuirtre d in his land To another stipend from the king ; " Eugeniiis" (Eoghan), the chief of this ter- ritory in St. Patrick's time. Fit. Tripart. part iii. c. 11. " Fuit hie Eugenius ex Briano filio nepos Muredachi Meith a quo diximus num. 16, regionem illam Hua Meith nomen desumpsisse; vt colligitur ex Genealogia S. Maldodij Abbatis ejus- dem regionis, quae Mucnamia dicitur, quani Sanctilogium Genealogicum, cap. 13, sic tradit. S. Maldodius de Mucnam, jilius Finffini, Jilij Aidi, Jilij Fiachrij, Jilij Fiachce, Jilij Eugenij, Jilij Briani, filij Muredachi, filij Colla fochrich. Colitur autem S- Maldodius 13 Maij juxta dicenda posted de ipso." — Trias Thaum., page 184, note 19. See also Mac Firbisigh's pedigree of O'h-Innreachtaigh. b Ui Dortain These were otherwise called Ui Tortain, i. e. the descendants of Dortan or Tortan, son of Fiach, son of Feidhlim, son of Fiachra, who was son of Colla Da Chrioch. This was in that part of Oirghialla included in the present county ofMeath, in which the celebrated old tree called Bile Tortan, which stood near " Ard- braccan", was situate. See O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. c. GO ; Book of Baile an Mhuta, fol. 229, b. ; Colgan, Trias Thaum. p. 129, c. ii. ; and p. 184, n. 23, 24; and Feilire Aenghuis, 8 July. c Ui Briuin Archoill, i. e. the descend- ants of Brian of Archoill, who was the son of Muireadhach Meith, the progenitor of the Ui Meith. See Dubhaltach Mac Firbisigh's genealogical work, p. 309 Colgan thinks that this was the district in Tyrone called Muintir Birn in his own time, which is a district shown on the old map of Ulster, already referred to, as a district in the south of the barony of " Dungannon," adjoining the territory of "Trough," in the county of Monaghan, and "Toaghie," now the barony of Ar- magh. See Trias Thaum., p. 184, n. 2. In St. Patrick's time the Oirghialla had possession of the present county of Tyrone, but they were gradually displaced by fami- lies of the race of Eoghan, the son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. d Ui Tuirtre — See p. 124, n. k . supra. 152 Leabhap Pip teurhna lp h-Ui Chpeamchcnnb 44 chcnp Sfl t)uiochfpi cpiach arhnaip. Ochc n-eich bonnet oleaoap 45 bo, ochc m-bpuic chopcpa bup caerh 16, ochc pceich, ochc (5)-clai6im, ochc (g)-cuipn, ochc mosaic oiana, beaj-ouipn. Oli^io pi Ceichpinb na laech cpi h-eich dilli — ni h-in£aec, cpi pceich, cpi claiorhi caca, cpi leanna, cpi luipeacha. Oli^io pi Oapcpaibi inb a»j ceichpi mo^am mop apccnp, ceichpi claibim, cpuaib 1 46 (5)-cleich, ceichpi h-eich, ceichpi h-6p pceich 47 . TDli^io pi Peapn-riiuiji in pinb pe cuipn Ian 48 £lana im 49 lino, pe pceich, pe claioirii cama 50 , pe pinb Thnct, pe pichcilla 51 . e Fir Leamhna — The territory of this Deaghaidh Duirn, son of Rochadh, son of tribe of Leamhain, says Colgan, " Est regio Colla Da Chrioch. This Creamhthann was campestris Tironiae Dioecesis Clocharensis chief of the Oirghialla, and his descendants vulgo Mag-lemna aliis Clossach dicta." — were very celebrated. See O'Fla. ( Trias Thaum., p. 184, n. 11. It is shown part iii. c. 76. Colgan informs us that the on the old map of Ulster, already often territory of the race of Creamhthann was referred to, as " the conn trie of Cormac known in his own time, and considered as Mac Barone" [O'Neill]. The River Black- included in the barony of " Slane," [in water is represented as running through it, Meath]. and the fort of Augher and the village of " Est regiuncula Australia Oirgielliae, Ballygawley as in it ; the town of Clogh- nunc ad Baroniam Slanensem spectans, er on its western, and the church of vulgo Crimthainne dicta." — Trias Thaum. Errigal Keroge on its northern boundary. p. 184, n. 1. O'Caemhain was the chief of tliis territory e Race of Duibhthire O'Dubhagain according to O'Dubhagain. states that O'Duibhthire was chief of the f Race of Creamhthann, i. e. the descend- race of Daimhin. See Annals of the Four ants of Creamhthann, son of Fiach, son of Masters, A.D. 1086, and Mac Firbisigh's na 5-Ceajic. 153 The Fir Leamhna e and the descendants of comely Creamh- thann f , [And] the race of DuibhthirS of warlike chiefs. Eight bay steeds are due to him, Eight purple cloaks of fine texture, Eight shields, eight swords, eight drinking-horns, Eight hard-working, good-handed bondmen. Entitled is the king of Leithrinn h of the heroes To three beautiful steeds, — it is no falsehood, Three shields, three swords of battle, Three mantles, three coats of mail. Entitled is the king of Dartraidhe 1 of valor To four bondmen of great labor, Four swords, hard in battle, Four steeds, four golden shields. Entitled is the king of Fearn-mhagh k the fair To six beautiful drinking-horns for ale, Six shields, six curved swords, Six fair women, six chess-boards. genealogical work, p. 304. Their exact nagh. According to O'Dubhagain, the sept situation has not been yet determined. of O'Baeigheallain (O'Boylans) were the h Leithrinn. — This territory is not men- chiefs of this territory. turned in the Annals of the Four Masters, k Fearn-mhagh, i. e. the plain of the in O'Dubhagain's poem, or in any other alders, "Farney," a celebrated barony in tract upon Irish topography that the Editor the south of the county of Monaghan, has met. The tribe who inhabited it were for a very copious and interesting account descended from Lughaidh, son of Creamh- of which the reader is referred to Mr. thann, son of Rochadh, who was the Shirley's work entitled " Some Accoimt of son of Colla Da Chrioch. See Dubhaltach the Territory or Dominion of Farney, p. 1, Mac Firbisigh's genealogical work, page where the author shows that the alder is 309. the prevailing native plant of tins barony. ' Dartraidhe, i. e. of Dartraidhe Coinn- The battle of Cam Achaidh Leith-dheirg, innsi, as the prose has it, now the ba- in which the Three Collas defeated the rony of " Dartry" in the south-west of the Clanna Kudhraidhe, was fought in thister- county of Monaghan, adjoining Ferma- ritory. See p. 136, n. k , supra. 154 Leabhcqi tDlijib pi peap manach mop cuic* 8 bpuir co coppcapaib b'6p M , coic pceich, coic claiomi cacha, coic lonja, coic luipecha. OI1516 pi ITIujoopn lp Rop 54 pe mojaio co mop bochop", pe claibim, pe pceich, pe cuipn, pe bpuic copcpa, pe bpuic juipm. Qca punb peunchap na ploj o'd i5 (o)-cuc 5puo co bpuch 6eneon ; ace in ct bup cpeopach cepc ap each n-eolach ip dpb cepc. IN [CG1SU-SQ.] in. 3. Oli^heaoh R15I1 Ulaoh. OO OCHRQ16 acup 00 chuapipcalaib Ulao ano po. tDlijio pi j Ulao cheaoamup, in can nach pi pop Gpino h-6 pein, .1. leach lam pij h-Gpino, acup cop ob h-e bup cuipci beap 'n-a cho- cap acup chaemcheachca in comaipeao beap 1 (b)-pail pi j Gpmo. Qcup in can mupceapab 1 caeca claioeam acup caeca each acup caeca bpac acup caeca cocholl acup caeca pgmj acup caeca lui- peach acup epicha palach acup oec mil-choin acup oeich macail acup oeich (g)-cuipn acup beich longa acup pichi glac lopa acup pichi uj pailino. t)o pig Ulab pin uili each chpeap bliaoan [6 pi h-Gpeann]. Poolaib oin pij Ulab cuapipcol b'u pijaib .1. Pichi copn acup pichi claioeam acup pichi mil-con acup pichi mojaio acup pici each acup pichi bpac acup pichi macal acup pichi curhal 6 pij Ulao bo pij t)ul n-Gpaibi. Upi h-eich, epi mojaib, epi mna, epi longa bo pij Dctl TJtaea. 1 Feara Manach A territory co-exten- giiires) since the year 1202 ; infra, p. 173. sive with the present county of "Ferma- m The King of Mughdhom and Ros — nagh," of which the chiefs of the trihe of See above p. 150, notes. The territory of O'h-Egnigh (O'Hegnys) were the ancient Feara Ros is not well defined, but we learn lords, but the chiefs of Mac Uidhir (Ma- from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, that na 5-Ceapu. 155 Entitled is the great king of the Feara Manach 1 To five cloaks with golden borders, Five shields, five swords of battle, Five ships, five coats of mail. Entitled is the king of Mugkdhorn and Ros m To six bondmen of great energy, Six swords, six shields, six drinking-horns, Six purple cloaks, six blue cloaks. There is the history of the hosts On whom Benean bestowed his love for ever ; But, save to the person of guiding knowledge, To every learned man it is a high difficulty. THIS DIFFICULTY. III. 3 — The Privileges of the King of Uladh. OF THE WAGES and of the stipends of Uladh here. In the first place the king of Uladh, when he himself is not king of Eire, is entitled to be by the side of the king of Eire, and he is to hold the first place in his confidence and society while he is along with the king of Eire. And when he is departing he obtains fifty swords and fifty steeds and fifty cloaks and fifty cowls and fifty scings and fifty coats of mail and thirty rings and ten greyhounds and ten matals and ten drinking-horns and ten ships and twenty handfuls of leeks and twenty sea-gulls' eggs. All these are given to the king of Uladh every third year from the king of Eire. The king of Uladh thus distributes stipends among his kings, viz. : Twenty drinking-horns and twenty swords and twenty greyhounds and twenty bondmen and twenty steeds and twenty cloaks and twenty matals and twenty cumhals from the king of Uladh to the king of Dal Araidhe. Three steeds, three bondmen, three women, three ships to the king of Dal Eiada. the church of Eanach Conglais (Killany, in that the parish of Machaire Rois (Magh- tlie barony of Farney), was in it. See eross), and that the town of Carraig Ma- Trius Thaum., p. 184, n. 21. It is also chaire Rois (Carrickmacross) were com- highly probable, if not absolutely certain, prised in it. 156 Lectbhap Ceichpi lonja, ceichpi mojaio, ceichpi h-eich oo jiij in Qipp- dnp. Se mojaij, pe h-eich, pe cuipn, pe 2 claioirh Do pij h-Lla n-6apca Chein 3 . Ochc (5)-cuipn, [occ (5)-cumala, occ n-cnpo eoca], ochc n-eich, ochc mojaio do pi Odl nv&uin&i 4 . Ochc mojaio, ochc n-eich co n-a6allaib apjaio 5 oo pi h-Ua m-6laichmeic. Da pdlaij acup oeich lonja acup oeich n-eich acup oeic ppein acup oeic pcihgi do pij Ouibcpin 6 . Occ lonja acup ochc mojaib acup ochc n-eich acup ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc m-bpuic oo pij na h-Qpoa. Ochc mojaio acup ochc mnd acup ochc n-eich acup occ lonja do pij Ceichi Cachail. Upi h-eich acup cpi macail acup cpi cuipn acup cpi com oo pi 66ipci. Oeich (5)-cuipn acup oeich (5)-claibirh acup Deich longa acup oeich m-bpuic oo pij Coba. Se cuipn acup oeich lonja acup oeich [n-ec] acup oeich n-maip Oo pig muipcherhne. Conio Do caipcio na pochap pin po jni 7 6e- nean ann po [pip] : acd sund sochorc uiao cen Dochap, cean opoch bunao, map icchaip cuapipcal chaip 6 pi 66ipchi beanbuchcain. Cpach nach pi o'6pin0 uili pi Lllao na h-uplai6i 9 , " Uladh — This was originally the name poem ; but it must be observed that the of the whole province of Ulster ; but after Clami Colla intruded further upon their the destruction of the palace of Eamliain kingdom in a few centuries after. Colgan Macha by the ThreeCollasin 332, it became has the following note on this subject on the name of the eastern part of the province the 31st chapter of Joceline's Life of St. Pa- only, as already explained, p. 36, n. e . The trick, Trias Thaum. p. 109 : " Tota pro- exact extent of this circumscribed kingdom vincia quae hodie Vltonia appellate, priscis of the ancient Ullta will appear from this temporibus sennonc patrio nunc Vita nunc na 5-Ceapc. 157 Four ships, four bondmen, four steeds to the king of Oirthear. Six bondmen, six steeds, six drinking-horns, six swords to the king of Ui Earca Chein. Eight drinking-horns, eight cumhals, eight noble steeds, eight bondmen to the king of Dal m-Buinne. Eight bondmen, eight steeds with silver bits to the king of Ui Blathmaic. Two rings and ten ships and ten steeds and ten bridles and ten scings to the king of Duibhthrian. Eight ships and eight bondmen and eight steeds and eight drink- ing-horns and eight cloaks to the king of the Arda. Eight bondmen and eight women and eight steeds and eight ships to the king of Leath Chathail. Three steeds and three matals and three drinking-horns and three hounds to the king of Boirche. Ten drinking-horns and ten swords and ten ships and ten cloaks to the king of Cobha. Six drinking-horns and ten ships and ten steeds and ten tunics to the king of Muirtheimhne. And it was to preserve these stipends Benean composed this [poem] below : HERE IS THE INCOME of Uladh" Without diminution, without evil origin, As stipends are paid in the east By the king of Boirche of the blessing. When over all Eire reigns not [as monarch] The king of Uladh of the conflict, Ulaidh dicebatur, et Latine Fltonia, Vlidia, cliulitur, ccepit temporis successu Vlidia vel rectius Vladia ; sed postquam primd et incolaj Vlidij appellari ; quomodo a Ioce- Dalfiatacii, postea stirps Colleana, ac de- lino hie et infra, cap. 194, et ab alio prsa- inde tilij Neill potenti manu eandem pro- cedentium vitarum scriptoribus appellatam uineiam inuaserunt, et in suam potestatem reperimus." maiori ex parte redegerunt, priscis ha- " King of Boirche — See p. 38, n. ", snpru. bitatoribus ad angustiores terminos repul- The king of Uladh or Ulidia is meant ; sis ea eiusdem provincial regio, qiue hodie the name Boirche properly belonged to the tenninis Comitatus Dunensis pcene con- chain of mountains in his territory. 158 Ceabhap 0I1516 1 (b)-Cearhpaib-' na (b)-cpeb lam pig 6anba na m-buaileao 10 . Caeca claioeam, caeca pciuch, caeca bpac, caeca eacb liach, caeca cochall, caeca pcin^, lp caeca luipeach lun jpino" ; Cpicha pdlach, — ip pip pin, oeich mil-chom ip beich mucail, oeich (g)-cuipn opolrhacha oeapa ip oeich longa Ian oeapa 12 ; Pichi UJ5 pailino peappoa, pichi glac lopa leappoa, pichi ppian, ppeacach, pocal, bo chpuan ip do chapprhojal; lp h-e pin cuapipcal caip olijeap pij Cuailjne ceacaij each chpeap bliaoan,— ni baio baech, 6 pig Poola na (b)-piao ppaech 13 . Pichi copnn, pichi claioearh, pichi mil-chon, — ip muipeap, pichi mojaio, muipn n-uabaip u , pichi gabap gnach [glan B.] pluajaij. Pichi bpac bpeac, — ni bee ni 15 , pichi macal maech al-li, pichi copn, pichi caili 00 pi echcach Qpaioi. PKingofBanbhaofthebuailes,i.e.kwg however, the reading is na m-buain- of Ireland of great dairy districts, called pleao, i- e. of the constant banquets. " booleys" in Spenser's View of the State 1 Sdngs — See p. 70, note ', supra. of Ireland, p. 82, Dublin edit, of 1809. See r Cruan.— Some precious stone of a red p. 46, note J, supra. This expression would and yellow color. show that the monarch was considered in s Cuailghne. — Tliis is another name for some measure "a shepherd king." In B., the king of Uladh, for that mountainous na 5-Ceapc. 159 He is entitled in Teamhair of the tribes To be by the side of the king of Banbha of the buailes p . Fifty swords, fifty shields, Fifty cloaks, fifty grey steeds, Fifty cowls, fifty scings q , And fifty coats of mail, perfectly suitable; Thirty rings, — that is true, Ten hounds and ten matals, Ten drinking-horns with handsome handles And ten ships, very beautiful ; Twenty eggs of goodly sea-gulls. Twenty handfuls of broad leeks, Twenty bridles, flowing, gorgeous, [Adorned] with cruan r and carbuncle; That is the stipend in the east That is due to the king of Cuailghne s of hundreds Every third year, — no foolish promise, From the king of Fodhla of heathy lands. Twenty drinking-horns, twenty swords, Twenty greyhounds, — it is a good number, Twenty bondmen, a proud troop, Twenty horses fit for expeditions. Twenty speckled cloaks, — no small matter, Twenty matals soft in texture, Twenty drinking-horns, twenty quern-women To the valorous king of Araidhe 1 . region, at the period of this poem, was in- or Clanna Rudhraidhe, and is described eluded in his kingdom, though soon after in the Book of Leacan, fol. 140, b, as ex- wrested from him by the vigorous Claim tending from Iubhar (Newry), to Sliabh Colla. See p. 21, note r , supra. Mis (SlemmishJ, in Antrim ; and from 1 Araidhe, i. e. of Dal Araidhe, as in Carraig Inbhir Uisee to Linn Duachaill the prose. This was the largest territory (Magheralin), in the west of Down. The in the circumscribed kingdom of the Ullta Dal Araidhe derive their name and origin 1G0 Ceabhaji Cnapipeal pi t)ul Riaca cpf h-eich 6uba, bdij-piaca, cpi mnu, cpi mojam mopu 16 lp rpi longa Ian chpooa 17 . Cuapipcal pi£ an Qipchip ceichpi mojaio nach muippio, ceichpi h-eich bon&a, oeapa, ceichpi longa Ian oeapa 18 . OI1516 pi h-Ua n-Deapca Che in 19 coic 20 gabpa glana pe jpen, from Fiacha Araidhe, king of all Ulster, A. D. 240. See Ussher's Primordia, p. 1047 ; O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. c. 18. " Dal Eiada, i. e. the tribe of Cairbre Riada, the son of Conaire II. monarch of Ireland, A.D. 212. Another branch of this tribe settled amongst the Picts, a fact men- tioned byBede Hist. Ecclesiast. lib. i.e. 1. Bede explains Dal in this compound as signifying part in the Scotic language, and the same explanation is given in Connac's Glossary ; but O'Flaherty says that it sig- nifies with greater propriety an offspring ( Ogygia, part iii. c. 63) ; and Charles O'Conor of Belanagare, in his edition of Ogygia Vindicated, p. 175, observes that " Dal properly signifies posterity or de- scent by blood," but that "in an enlarged and figurative sense it signifies a district, i. e. the division or part allotted to such posterity;" and he adds : " Of this double sense we have numberless instances ; thus Bede's interpretation is doubtless, in the second sense, admissible." Colgan, in his Annotations on the Life of St. Olcan, at 20th February, has the following curious note on Dalredia, to which all modern writers, except Ussher, are in- debted for what they have told us concern- ing this territory : " Hsec regio nomen sortita est a peran- tiqua. et nobilissima familia Dalrieda dicta, qua? nomen hoc suum quod a progenitore accepit, regioni quam possedit impertiit. Ea enim familia oriunda est ex quodam principe Hiberno, cui nomen Carbreus et cognomen Rif hoda secundum vocis etymon ; secundum vero modum pronuntiandi Kioda, et nunc secundum vsum vulgarem et mo- dum etiam scribendi Rioda, vel Rieda. Vnde huius progenies, Dal rieda, id est, stirps, seu propago Rieda? Hibernice appel- latur: Latine vero, ut Venerabili Beda? placet, Dal Reudini ; sed rectiiis Dalriedini appellantur. Fuit autem hajc progenies Celebris et potens multis saaculis, non solum in praxlieta regione Hibernian, verum etiam in Albania, quam hodie communiter Sco- tiam vocamus. Hiberni enim prsedicti re- gionis principe Rieda, seu vt Beda loquitur, Reuda duce, inuaserunt prius insulas He- bridum et aliquas viciniores continentis Albania? regiones, quas aliquamdiu possi- derunt, vt lib. i. hyst. cap. 1. docet Beda his verbis : ' Procedente autem tempore Bri- tannia post Britones et Pictos tertiam Sco- net g-Cectpc. 161 The stipend of the king of Dal Riada" [is] Three steeds, black, well-trained, Three women, three huge bondmen And three ships, right gallant. The stipend of the king of Oirthear* [is] Four bondmen who will not kill, Four handsome, bay steeds, Four ships, very beautiful. Entitled is thejdng of Ui Dearca Chein y To five horses bright as the sun, torum nationem in Pictorum parte recepit ; qui duce Reuda de Hibernia egressi, vel ferro, vel amicitia sibimet inter eos sedes quas hactenus habent vindicarunt : a quo videlicet duce vsque hodie Dalreudini vo- cantur ; nam lingua eorum Dal partem significat.' Hsec Beda. Posteri eiusdem Reudse tandem a Britannis expulsi reversi sunt in patriam suam Dalreudiam, donee tandem duce Fergussio, de quo infra, anti- quas sedes in Albania circa annum Do- mini 445 repetierunt : vbi temporis suc- cessu suos fines ita extenderunt vt devictis Pictis tota fuerint Scotia potiti." — Trias Thaum. p. 377, note 3. According to a letter written by Randal, Earl of Antrim, to Archbishop Ussher, the Irish Dalriada extended thirty miles from the River Buais (Bush) to the cross of Gleann Finneachta, now the village of Glynn, in the east of the county of Antrim. See Ussher's Primordia, p. 1029 ; and Dub- lin Penny Journal, vol i. p. 362. How long the posterity of Cairbre Riada remained powerful in this territory, or what family names they assumed after the esta- blishment of surnames in the tenth century, we have no documents to prove, but it i highly probable that they were driven out at an early period by the Clann Colla, for we find the Ui Tuirtre and Fir Li, of whom O'Fhloinn (O'Lyn), a descendant of Colla Uais, was king, were in possession of all the territory of Dal Riada in 11 77. The Fir Li, as has been already stated, were on the west side of the River Bann in the time of St. Patrick, but they were certainly on the east side of it when Sir John deCourcy invaded Ulster. However, we have no do- cument to prove the exact period at which they established themselves in the country of the Dal Riada. The name Dal Riada (or Reuda) is still preserved in the corrupted form of " Ruta," Anglice " Roote" and " Route," a well- known district in the north of the county Antrim. See Ussher's Primordia, p. 611. N Oirthear, i.e. eastern. This is to be distinguished from Crioch nan-Oirthear in Oirghialla (see p. 148, n. y), but its exact situation has not yet been determined. y Ui Dearca C/tein — Colgan says that this was the name of a valley in the barony of Antrim and diocese of Connor. See Trias Thaum. p. 183, note 221-223. The Ui Earca Chein are mentioned twice in the 162 Leabliaji pe claioirh choccuo, pe cuipn 1 pe mo^aio pe mop rhuipno-'. OI1516 pi t)al m-&mnbi m-ban- ochc (;jj)-cuipn acup ochc (£)-copu[i]n, ochc mojaio, ochc mnd oeapa 23 lp ochc n-jabpa jlan cpeapa. Cuapipcal pij h-Uu m-6laichmeic ochc mojaio chaevha, chaichrhio 54 , ochc n-eich, a pliabcub ni plac w , co ppianaib bo pean apcao 26 . Annals of the Four Masters, first at the year 1199, and next at the year 1391, where it is mentioned that Mac Giolla Muire (Gillimurry), who was otherwise called Cu Uladh O'Morna, was chief of the Ui Earca Chein and Leath Chathail, from which it would appear that the two terri- tories were conterraneous, which could not be the case if the former were in the barony of Antrim. Rymer mentions a " Mac Gil- mori dux de Auderkin," 3 Edw. I. 1275. At a later period the " Gilmers" were set- tled in Holywood. See Stuart's Armagh. The name occurs in the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, part ii. c. 133, where it is stated that the Irish apostle erected there a church which was called Rath Easpuig Innic, from a Bishop Yinnocus, whom he placed over it. Trias Tltavm, p. 147. According to the pedigree of this tribe, given by Dubh- altach Mac Firbisigh, in his genealogical work (Lord Roden's copy), p. 205, the Ui Earca Chein are a Connacht tribe descended from Cruitine, son of Eoghan Sriabh, who was son of Duach Galach, king of Con- nacht, in the fifth century ; but no account lias been discovered of how or when they settled in Dal Araidhe. The descent of Cionaeth (Kenny) O'Morna, of this race, chief of Leath Chathail (Lecalc) is thus given by Mac Firbisigh (iibi supra) : " Cinaeth, son of Ruarcan, son of Mael- sneachta, a quo O'Morna, in Leth Chathail, is called, son of Fearchar, son of Oisen, son (if ( Inchu, son of Broc, son of Aine, son of Sinell, son of Amergin, son of Cruithne, son of Eoghan Sriabh, son of Duach Galach." It would appear from the same work, p. 508, that there was a more ancient line of Chiefs in Leath Chathail than the O'Mornas, and that this older line was of the ancient Ullta, or Clanna Rudhraidhe, and descended from Cathal, from whom Leath Chathail was named, the son of Muireadhach, son of Aenghus, son of Mael- cobha, son of Fiachna, son of Deaman, king of Ulidia, or circumscribed Uladh, slain in the battle of Ardcoran in Dal Riada, A. I). 027. From the various references to this family of Mac Giolla Muire, alias O'Morna, occurring in the Irish Annals, and other do- cuments, it is quite evident that they ori- ginally possessed the barony of " Lecale," a part of "Kinelarty," and the barony of " Upper Castlereagh," in the county of Down ; but after the English invasion their na 5-Cecqir. 161 Six war-swords, six drinking-horns And six bondmen of great merriment. Entitled is the king of fair Dal Buinne' To eight drinking-horns and eight cups, Eight bondmen, eight handsome women And eight horses of fine action. The stipend of the king of Ui Blathmaic 3 [is] Eight handsome, expensive bondmen, [trained,] Eight steeds, not driven from the mountains, [i. e. not un- With bridles of old silver. territory was very much circumscribed by the encroachments of the families of the Whites and Savadges, and afterwards of the O'Neills of Claim Aedha Buidhe (Clan- naboy), and Mac Artains. It would appeal-, however, from the Anglo-Irish Annals, that the "Mac Gilmories," or " Gilmors," were very stout opposers of the English in their original territory in the beginning of the fifteenth century. The two notices of this family following, which occur in Ware's Annals of Ireland, are sufficient to prove this fact : " Anno 1407. A certain false fellow, an Irish man named Mac Adam MacGilmori, that had caused forty churches to be de- stroyed, who was never baptized, and therefore he was called Corbi [coipbci, wicked], took Patrick Savadge prisoner, and received for his ransom two thousand marks, and afterwards slew him together with his brother Richard."' It is difficult to say where the good and honest Ware got this passage, but it is quite evident that Coirbi does not mean unbaptized, and that Savadge had not so much money as 2000 marks in the world, ''Anno 1408. This year Hugh Mac Gil- more was slain in Carrickfergus, within the church of the Fryars Minors, which church he had before destroyed, and broke down the glass windows to have the iron bars through which his enemies, the Savages, had entered upon him." — Edition of 1705. The O'Neill pedigree quoted by Dr. Stuart, in his History of Armagh, p. 630, states that the " Clannahoy" O'Neills gave to the Gilmors the lands of Holywood. The parish of Dundonald would also ap- pear to have belonged to this tribe. z Dal Buinne, i. e. the race of Buinne, son of Fearghus Mac Roigh, king of CTladh (Ulster), just before the first cen- tury of the Christian era. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part. iii. c. 46. This tribe pos- - sssed the present barony of " Upper Mas- sareene," with the parishes of " Kilwarlin and Drumbo," on the other side of the River Lagan. The exact number of churches and chapels in the territory is given in Pope Nicholas's Taxation. See Taxation of the Diocese of Down and Connor and Dro- more, about the year 1291. Edited by the Rev. IV111. Reeves, M.B., 1847. Hodges and Smith. a 77/e UiBlathmaic, i.e. the descendants M 2 164 Lectblicqi Cuupipcol pi£ Ouibchpin oem Da palai£, oeich n-eich, oeich pceich", oeich pcinji, nach pcichenn pluaj**, ip oeich niojuio [lonja B.] pop Coch Cuan. tTuapipcal pij na h-Gpoa ochc n-£cnll, ochc n-jabpa japja, ochc (£)-cuipn, ochc m-bpuic co m-buinoib*' lp ochc lonjjja Idn chuillij 30 . t)liji6 pi 6eichi Cachail ochc mojaio cacha mop achaio 31 , ochc n-eich o'eachaib oonoa 3 * ac oun, ochc (5)-cuipn chpoma ppt caerh-cluo. t)lij;i6 pi 66ipchi in bill 33 pe 34 jabpa mopa ap mipi, cpi macail, cpi cuipn claena 3i , cpi coin ailli, pip chaerha 36 . Cuapipcol pij Coba cuib 37 oeich (5)-cuipn, oeich (5)-clco6irh ochaip M , of Blathmac. See Mac Firbisigh's genealo- gical work, p. 510. In 1333 Blathewyc, Blawiek, Blavico, were names for the then Comitates Nova Villa, extending all round " Newtown- Ards," including "Ban- gor." Inq. post mart. Com. Ult., 1333. See also Calend. Cane. Hib., vol. i. p. 48, b. This Comitates Nova Villa de Blathwyc evidently comprised the northern portion of the barony of "Ards,"' and the greater part of the barony of " Lower Castlereagh," in the county of Down. b Duibhthrian, i. e. the black third or tenia] division, Anglice " Dufferin," a ba- rony extending along the western side of Loch Cuan (by its Norse name Strang Fiord. Anglici "Strangford"), in the county of Down. The tribe of Mac Artain were chiefs of this and the adjoining baro- ny of Cineal Fhaghartaigh, " Kinelarty." Thej descend from Caelbhadh, the brother of Eochaidh Cobha, the ancestor of the family of the Mac Aenghusa ( Magennisses i c Stings — See page 70, note ', supra. A Loch Cuan — This is still the Irish name of ' • Strangford." See the last note but one. According to the bardic accounts, this inlet of the sea forced its way through the laud in the time of Partholan, who came to Ire- land 312 years after the flood according to O'Flaherty's Chronology. See Ogygia, part iii. cc. 2 and 3. e Arda, now called " the Ards," a barony in the east of the county of Down, lying rice 5-Cectpc. 165 The stipend of* the king of the fine Duibhthrian b [is] Two rings, ten steeds, ten shields, Ten scings c , which fatigue not on an expedition, And ten ships on Loch Cuan d . The stipend of the king of the Arda e [is] Eight foreigners, eight fierce horses, Eight drinking-horns, eight cloaks with ring- clasps And eight exquisitely beauteous ships. Entitled is the king of Leath ChathaiK To eight bondmen [tillers] of each great field, Eight steeds, bay steeds at [his] fort, Eight curved drinking-horns for interchanging. Entitled is the king of Boirche^, the hero, To six great, spirited horses, Three matals, three inclining drinking-horns, Three fine hounds, truly beautiful. The stipend of the king of Cobha h of victory [is] Ten drinking-horns, ten wounding swords, principally between Loch Cuan and the i. e. the peaks of Boirche, called (accord- sea. The name of this territory is trans- ing to the Dinnseanchus) after Boirche, lated Altitudo Ultorum, in the Life of the shepherd of Kos, king of Ulster in the St. Comhghall, founder of Beannchor( Ban- third century, who herded the king's cat- gor), which is situate in this territory. tie on these mountains. See O'Fla. Ogygia, ' Leath Chathail, i. e. Cathal's half, or part iii. c. t?9. in the Dinnseanchus it is portion, Anglice " Lecale," a well-known stated that the shepherd Boirche could barony in the county of Down, anciently view from these mountains all the lands called Maigh Inis, i. e. the insular plain. southwards as far as Dun Dealgan (Dun- The name Leath Chathail was derived from dalk), and northwards as far as Dun Cathal the son of Muireadhach, son of Sobhairce. This is another proof that the Aenghus, son of Maelcobha, son of Fiachna, present barony of " Mourue" was not the who was the son of Deaman, king of Ulidia, Crioch Mughdhorna of the Oirghialla. slain in the year G27. See p. 163, note \ " Cobha — This territory is more usu- supra, ally called Magh Cobha, i. e. the plain of b Boirche.— Sec p. 3X, note L ', as to the Eochaidh Cobha, the ancestor of the tribe mountains usually called Beanna Boirche, called Ui Eathach Cobha, who were seated 1G6 Leabhafi beich lon^a b'u 39 leanann plo£, oeich m-bpuic co n-a m-bopbaib o'op. t)liji6 pi muipchevhne in minb pe cuipn leabpa Ian bo 40 lino, in the present baronies of " Upper and Lower Iveaga" in the county of Down. See O'FIa. Ogygia, part iii. c. 78. The Four Masters, and from them Colgan and others, have erred in placing this plain in Tyrone ; and Dr. Lanigan has been set astray by them in his Ecclesiastical His- tory of Ireland (vol. iv. p. 11, note 26), where he conjectures that Magh Cobha was probably the name of the plain around the present village of" Coagh" in the county of Tyrone. But the situation of the plain of Magh Cobha is fixed by the older writers, who place it in Ui (Uibh) Eathach (Iveagh), and place in it the monastery of Druim Mor (Dromore) and the church of Domh- nach Mor Muighe Cobha, which is unques- tionably the present " Donaghmore" (in •• Upper Iveagh"), nearly midway between Newry and Lough Brickland. See the Feilire Aenghuis at l6thof November, and Haliday's edition of the first part of Keat- ting's History of Ireland, p. 318, where the plain of Magh Cobha, which is said to have been cleared of wood in the reign of I rial Faidh, is placed in " Aoibh Eachach," which llaliday Anglicizes "Iveagh." See also the Annals of Tighearnach at the years 735 and 739, and Ada Sancton/m, apud Bolland. 7 Junii. The family of Mac Acnghusa (Magennises) were chiefs of this territory for many centuries before the confiscation of Ulster; but (according to O'Dubhagain) O'Gairbhith, and Oh-Ain- bhith (Anglice O'Garvey, and O'Hanvey or O'Hannafey), preceded them. " Magen- nis" descends from Saran, chief of Dal Araidhe in St. Patrick's time, and this Saran was the eleventh in the descent from Fiacha Araidhe, and the fourth from Eochaidh Cobha, the ancestor of all the Ui Eathach Cobha. ' Muirtheimhne See page 21, note s . This territory is more usually called Magh Muirtheimhne and Conaille Muirtheimhne, from the descendants of Conall Cearnach (of the Clanna Kudhraidhe race), the most distinguished of the heroes of the Red Branch in Ulster, who flourished here for many centuries. Colgan describes its situa- tion as follows, in his notes on the Scholiast of Fiach's Hymn on the Life of St. Patrick : " In Conallia Murthemnensi. Est cam- pestris Regio Australis Vltonise a monte Bregh prope Pontanam ciuitatem [Drog- heda] vsque in sinum maris Dun-Delga- nice, seu vt valgus loquitur, Dun-dalchiae vicinum ; iuxta quod est campus ille in patriis historiis celebrati nominis vulgo Mug-murthemne dictus ; a quo et ilia Regio Murthemnensis vocatur quae hodie Comitatus Luthse vulgo vocatur." — Trias Thaum. p. 8, note 10. It appears from the lives of St. Brighid (Bridget) and St. Monenna, and from the Feilire Aenghuis and other calendars, that the churches of Fochard, Iniscaein, Cill Uinche, and Druim Ineaschuinn, were in this territory. Ussher informs us that the district of Campus Mur- themene (in quo Conaleorum gens maxime na 5-Cecqir. 167 Ten ships which a host mans, Ten cloaks with their borders of gold. Entitled is the king of Muirthehnhne 1 , the hero, To six tall drinking-horns full of ale, viget) was called fclagheiy-Conall in hi* time. See his PiinwrdUi, pp. 705, TOG, and O'Fla. Ogygiu, part iii. c. 47. This territory had been wrested from the descendants of Conall Cearnach several centuries before the English invasion, by the Oirghialla, so that the present county of Louth, instead of being regarded as a part of Uladh or Ulidia, as it certainly was when this poem was written, has been considered as the Machaire or plain of the Oirghialla, and the part oftenest called " Oriel" or "Uriel," by English writers. From the territories here enumerated as in Uladh (i. e. in Ulidia, or the circum- scribed territory of the ancient Ullta), it is quite evident that it comprised, when this poem was written, the present counties of Louth, Down, and Antrim, except a por- tion of the last, which was in the posses- sion of the L T i Tuirtre, who were a family of the Oirghialla, as already mentioned; and it looks very strange that it should not have been tributary to the king of Uladh, being on the east side of Loch n-Eathach { Lough Neagh), in the heart of his coun- try, and separating his subjects of Dal Araidlie from those of Dal Riada, to whom lie gave stipends, and from whom he re- ceived tribute. The dominant family in this territory when it was invaded by Sir John De Courcy in 1177, was of the Dal Fiatach race. He wasCu Uladh, i.e. < !anis Ultonia< . Mac Duinnshleibhe (Dunlevy) h-Eoch- adha, called by Giraldus Cambrensis, Dun- levus, to whose warlike character he bears the following testimony in his Hibeniia Expugnata, lib. ii. c. xvi. : " Videns autem Dunlevus se verbis mi- nime profecturum corrogatis vndique viri- bus cum 10 bellatorum millibus infra S dies hostes in vrbe viriliter inuadit. In hac enim insula sicut et in omni natione, gens borealis magis bellica semper et tru- culenta reperitur." But the greater number of his sub-chiefs were of the Clanna Rudhraidhe. Thus we see that the ancient limits of the Clanna Rudhraidhe and Dal Fiatach of Ulster were greatly restricted at the period of the English invasion by the npspringing vigor and increasing population of the race of the Collas, and the more powerful race of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Dnbhaltach Mae Firbisigh, in his pedigrees of the Irish families says, that the Dal Fiatachs, who were the old kings of Ulster, and blended of old with the Clanna Rudhraidhe, were hemmed into a narrow corner of the pro- vince by the race of Conn of the Hundred Lattles, i. e. the Oirghialla and L'i Xeill of the north, and that even this narrow corner was not left to them [he alludes to the obtrusion of the O'Neills of Clanna Aedha Buidhe (Clanaboy), who subdued almost the entire of Ulidia], so that they had nearly been extinguished, except, a few who had lei'l tin.' original territory. And, he says, grieving, " this i^ the case with all 168 Uabliap beich lonja do laech 6lja, oeich n-eieh, beich n-maip beapja. Seanchap pij Cuailjne ip 66ipche 41 cuimnij cacli Id ip each n-oibce 6einein po leapaij pe let 1 ' 2 in pochap pin map acd. . CiCd SUNO SOCCtR. 61QCG ocup cfpa ehuaeh n-Ulao anb po [pip] .1. ap cpich 43 moip TTIuiji Cine cheabamup, a cheo biaehao. Cpi ceac mapc acup cpi cheb bpac al-Cine 14 ino pin. Se 4S chaeca bam a t)al TJiaea acup pe 4S cbaeca cope acup cpi cliaeca bo acup cpi chaeca bpac a Semne. Od ceac cope acup od ceac bo a £,aehaipne 4fi . Ceb bo acup ceac bpac acup ceac mole a Cpocpaidi 47 . Ceo bo acup ceac bpac acup ceac mole acup ceac cope ap in frpeaeaij 48 . Ceo mapc acup ceao mole acup ceac cope 6 P(h)opchuaehaib inb pin. Cpi chaeca mapc acup cpi chaeca cope 6 na lTlanchaib 49 . Cpi ceac oariri acup cpi ceac bo ap in Duibchpiun. Cpi cheb bo acup cpi ceac cope acup cpi ceac bpac a Ceich Cachail. Ice pin a biaea 6 paepchuachaib ceanmoedic 50 a baep-chuaeha. lplaipibe 51 , imoppo, eupjnonV 2 loma acup leanba acup uamai can cacha [ugup aem ajup eppaoa] uaibib". Conao boib pin po cha- chain in pui [buaba] .1. 6enen anb po. t)Cl^lt) pij Gamna acup Lllab 54 , dpb in peel, the Gaoidhil of Ireland in this year 1666." of Connacht and Meath; the Ciarraidhe But he adds, " God is wide in a strait." in Minister and Connacht ; the Corcom- But it must he remarked that these tribes ruaidh, &c. See pp. 48, 65, 100, supra. had sent forth numerous coloniesor swarms, k Hero of E alga — This is a bardic name who settled in various parts of Ireland, as for the king of Uladh, because he repre- the seven septs of Laeighis (Leix), in sented Cuchulainn, who was the champion Leinster ; the Soghains and the Conmaicne of Ireland in his day. na 5-Ceafic. 169 Ten .--hips from the hero of Ealga* (Ireland), Ten steeds, ten red tunics. The history of the king of Cuailghne and Boirche 1 Remember each day and each night; Benean inculcated in his day That revenue as it is HERE IS THE STIPEND. THE REFECTIONS and tributes of the territories ofUladh down here, viz., first on the great region of Magh Line, his first refection. Three hundred beeves and three hundred cloaks from Line. Six times fifty oxen from Dal Riada and six times fifty hogs and three times fifty cows and three times fifty cloaks from Semhne. Two hundred hogs and two hundred cows from Latharna. A hundred cows and a hundred cloaks and a hundred wethers from the Crotraidhe. A hundred cows and a hundred cloaks and a hundred wethers and a hundred hogs from Breadach. A hundred beeves and a hundred wethers and a hundred hogs from the Forthuatha. Thrice fifty beeves and thrice fifty hogs from the Mancha. Three hundred oxen and three hundred cows from Duibhthrian. Three hundred cows and three hundred hogs and three hundred cloaks from Leath Chathail. Such are his provision-tributes from the noble tribes, exclusive of the unfree tribes. He has also the collecting of milk and ale and uamha (sewing thread) without any opposition from them. Concerning which things the gifted sage Benean composed this [poem]. ENTITLED is the king of Eamhain and Uladh™ Noble the story, 1 King of Cuailghne und Boirche This m King of Eamhain and Uladh Here ia another bardic appellation for the king the king of Uladh is, by a poetical liberty, of Uladh, from the two great mountain called " of Eamhain," although his ances- ranges already described. See p. 21, n. r , tors had not possession of that palace since ami p. 38, n. s, supra. A. D. 332. See further, p. 36, n. fi , supra. 170 Leabhap ap vinmj" fflacha, pop a chacha nocho chel, Se chaecaio mnpc a TTlui^ Cine, ni luab mip : pe chaeca bo, — bpeach cean mine 46 beapap lib. Cpi chaeca bam a t)dl ^iaca nop 0I15 bib, acup cpi chaeca muc m-biaca can bpeich pfl. Upi chaeca pdp bpac a Serhne puno 00 chdch 57 , ip cpi chaeca pdp bo pelbe pe 58 bd chpdch. "Olijio a Cachaipnib loma, — ni luao n-56, — od cheb cope co piaclaib cpoma i9 , od ceab bo. t)leajap a Cpocpaioi 60 in choblaij, — cumnij lac, — " Magh Line — This name (which is Castle, Lord O'Neill's seat, near the town Anglicized " Moylinny") is that of a level of Antrim), where the aforesaid river Six- territory, lying principally in the barony mile-water discharges itself into Lough of " Upper Antrim," in the county of An- Neagh. See p. 163, note z , supra. trim. According to an Inquisition taken ° Dal Riada — Seep. 160, note ", supra. 7 Jac. i, the territory was bounded on the P Semhne This is otherwise called south and south-east by the river Six-mile- Magh Semhne, and was the name of a water, on the north and north-west for two plain in Dal Araidhe, lying to the north miles by the stream of Glancurry (now of Magh Line above described. Colgan gleanna' coipe, Anglice Glenwherry), gives the following note on its situation, as far as the mountain ofCarneally; its &c, in his notice of the church of Imleach boundary then extended southwards to Cluana, in his notes to the Tripartite Life Connor, and thence in a southern direction of St. Patrick : to Edenduffcarrick (now called Shane's " Mag Si nine, id est campum Semne na 5-Ceapc. 171 On Madia's plain, From his battalions I will not hide it, To six times fifty beeves from Magh Line", No hasty saying : Six times fifty cows, — Sentence without mitigation pass ye. Thrice fifty oxen from Dal Riada Are due of them, And thrice fifty fatted pigs Without producing young. Thrice fifty very good cloaks from Scmhin: 1 ' Here for all, And thrice fifty good cows of the herd In two days. Entitled he is from the bare Latharna q ,— No false report, — To two hundred hogs with crooked tusks, [And] two hundred cows. There is due from Crotraidhe r of the fleet, — Bear it in thy memory, — in Dal-aradia e syluis excisis per Neme- thum Regem eiusque iilios vendicatum anno mundi 2859, ut tradunt Quatuor Magistri in Annalibus. Eeclesiam autem eiusdem agri, qua? Lie Imleach Cluana appellator, puto esse qua; hodie KUl-Chluana appel- lator; vol saltern quse Kill Choemhain dicitur : cum in ca Sanctum Coemanum quiescere hie feratur. Kill- Choemain au- tem est in regione de Hi-Tnirtre : et utra- que Dicecesis Connerensis in Dal-aradia."— Trias Thaum. p. 183. 'i Lathama, Anglice " Larne." This was the name of a tuath or reaiuncula in the diocese of " Connor," in Colgan's time. In 1605, as appears from an Inquisition taken at Antrim in that year, " Larne" was a barony " in le Rowt." It is now included in the barony of " Upper Glenarm," which consists of the parishes of " Camcastle, Kil- lyglen, Kilwaughter, and Larne," which last preserves the name. The present town of " Larne" was anciently called Inbhear Latharna, and in the Mac Donnell patent it is called Inver-in-Laheme. See Dubour- dieu's Stat. Surv. of Antrim, p. 621, and Col- gan's Trias Thaum. p. 183, nn. 216, 217. r Crotraidhe — Unknown, unless it be 172 Ceabhcqi ceo mole, [ceao bo], nap bo oojpai^'. ip ceac bpae. Ceo mole, ceac bo ap in (m)-6peoaij, bopb in peel, acup ceac cope 1 n-a 62 (o)-epeoaib, map ao bep. Ceo mole a Popchuachaib upoa, ip ceac m-bpac [mapc, B.] acup ceac cope oia 63 nop capoa la ceac m-bpac. Upi chaeca mapc 6 na manchaib 64 , nip bo 63 mall, cpi caeca 66 caem chopc co coppchaip 67 nocho cam. Upi cheao Oam ap in n-Ouibepiuin olea£ap 6ib, ip cpi ceac bo co n-a n-uich bpijr cop in pij 68 . [Cpi ceao cope 6 cuaehaib Caeail, noco cpuato, cpi ceao oaj-bpac co n-oachaib 0I1516 cuaio.] Cathraidhe, now the barony of " Carey," in the north-east of the county of Antrim. 9 Breadach This is the real territo- rial name of the country of the Ui Dearca Chein. Previously to the seventeenth cen- tury, Breadach was the name of a parish in the barony of " Upper Castlereagh," now incorporated with "Cnoc," under the name of Cnoc Breadaigh, " Knockbreda." In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas (circ 1291), it is called Bradach, and its burying ground, still bearing this name, remains within Belvoir Park, the seat of Sir Robert Bate- son. See the Ordnance Map of the County of Down, sheet 9. We have seen above in the note on Ui Dearca Chein, p. 161, n. ?, that Mac Giolla Midre was chief of that tribe, and it appears from the Registry of John Prene, who was Archbishop of Ar- magh, from 1439 to 1443, that "Patricius Pallidus O'Gilmore" was chief parishioner of "Bredac" in 1442. 1 Forthuatha, i. e. the extern tribes who were not of the king's own race. See p. 78, n. f , p. 120, n. e , supra. " Mancha, more usually called Moncha, net 5-Ceapc. 1 7;; A hundred wethers, a hundred cows, not sickly cows And a hundred cloaks. A hundred wethers, a hundred cows from Breadach', Hard the story, And a hundred hogs in their droves, As I do relate. A hundred wethers from the high Forthuatha 1 , And a hundred beeves, And a hundred hogs to him are given With a hundred cloaks. Thrice fifty beeves from the Mancha", Not slow is [the payment], Thrice fifty fair cloaks with borders Not crooked. Three hundred oxen from Dubhthrian v Are due, And three hundred cows with their distended udders To the king. Three hundred hogs from the territories of Cathal, Not severe, Three hundred goodly cloaks of [good] colors He is entitled to in the north. or Monaigh Uladh. They were a Leinster anterior to the Ui h- Eignigh and Meg tribe, descended from Monach, son of Oilioll Uidhir. See Dubh. Mac Firbisigh's genea- Mor, son of Bracan, son of Fiac, son logical work, p. 466. The exact situation of Daire Barrach, sou of Cathaeir Mor, of this tribe has not been determined, but monarch of Ireland. They had slain their they were somewhere in the barony of relative Eanna, the son of the king of Iveagh, in the county of Down. They Leinster, and fled to Eochaidh Gundat, existed down to so late a period as 1173, king of Uladh, their mother's relative, when, according to the Annals of the Four and under the protection of St. Tighear- Masters, Mac Giolla Epscoip (Mac Gilles- nach of Cluain-Eois (Clones). Another pick), of this race, was chief of Claim branch of the same tribe settled at Loch Aeilabhra, and legislator of the tribe of Eirne, and gave name to Fir Manach (Fer- Monach. managh), a territory which they possessed » Duibhthrian. — See p. 164, n. b , supra. 174 Leabhcqi Gc pin a chfpa sia choBaip, cluinib lib, ceanmora oaep-clanoa an domain i n-a fi9 n-olij txjgib. w Unfree tribes, daer-chlanna. — The ce- lebrated Irish antiquary, Dubhaltach Mac Firbisigh, mentions, in the preface to his smaller genealogical work, six classes of daer-chlanna among the ancient Irish, in terms -which run as follows : The Athach Tuath, or daer-cltlann be- fore mentioned: 1. The first race of them was the remnant of the Fir Bolg them- selves, together with the remnant of the Tuath De Danann 2. The second race, the people who passed from their own countries, — they being descended from saer- chlann, — who went under daer-chios (ser- vile rent) to another tribe. 3. The third people were the race ofsaer-chhmn, whose land was converted into fearann cloidhimh (sword-land or conquered country) in their own territory, and who remained in it, in bondage, under the power of their enemies. 4. The fourth race were people of saer- chlann, who passed into bondage for their evil deeds, and who lost their blood and their land through their evil deeds, accord- ing to the law. 5. The fifth people were those who came (descended) from stranger soldiers, i. e. from external mercenaries, who left posterity in Eire. 6. The sixth race were the people who were descended from the bondmen who came with the chil- dren of Mileadh (Milesius) into Eire. Thus, the daer-chlanna were not always na 5-Ceapu. Such are his rents to assist him, Hear ye them, Besides what the unfree tribes' of his kingdom [pay] In what they owe ENTITLED. slaves, nor of ignoble descent. They were sometimes men of the chieftain's own race, but who had lost their privileges in conse- quence of their crimes ; and very often families of best Milesian blood, who were expelled from their own native territories, and who had settled in other territories, where they were admitted on condition of rendering tributes and services not required of those who were native there. See Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine, p. 84, where it is stated that the family of O'Maeilfinn- ain (who were of noble race) were among the daer-thnatha of Ui Maine on account of their exile; and that the arch-chiefs of l i Maine could increase the rents on all the daer-thvatha, ad libitum. In the prose, p. 1 08, the correlative terms saer-thuatha and daer-thuatha occur. The relation is not fully expressed by the terms of the translation, " noble tribes" and " un- free tribes." Strictly, the tuatha were the territories, inhabited by the clunna or tribes. The saer-chlanna were tribes of equal nobility with the chieftain ; their tri- butes and privileges were fixed, and it is about them that the book before us is prin- cipally conversant ; the daer-clilanna were of the inferior castes above indicated, ami were subject to arbitrary tributes. 17G Ceabhctji iv.— otisheaoh re 15b ueamh reach. OO t)6l^eat) pig Uhearhpach anb po. Gin zan nach pig pop Gpino pig Cearinpac, ipeao oligeap ceao claioeam acup ceac pciaeh acup ceao n-ech acup ceao n-eoach n-baeha acup ceao luipeacha : 6 pig Cpinb bo pigCearhpach ino pin. O pig Ceampach bna oa pigaib acup oo chuaehaib na THioi' : Pichi copn, pichi claioeam, piclu mogaib, pichi milchon bo pig 6peag. Coic pceich, coic claioirh acup coic bpuic acup coic eich acup coic coin oo pig lDuigi Cacha. Oeich n-eich, oeich mogaio, [beich mna], oeich (g)-cuipn bo pig Caegaipi 2 . Seace pceich acup peachc n-eich acup peace mogaio acup peachc mna acup peachc (g)-com oo pig Qpogail. Seachc n-eich, peachc (g)-cluioriu, peace (g)-cuipn, peachc m-bpuic oo pig F ea P Cell 3 . Se h-eich, pe claibim, pe pceich, pe mogaib bo pig peup Uulach. Occ pceich, oche (g)-claioim, ochc (g)-cuipn, ochc n-eich bo pig Peap Ueaehpu 4 . Se pceich, pe gabpa, pe bpuic, pe mogaib, pe cuipn bo pig Cuipcne. Coic eich, coic claiomi, coic bpuic bo pig h-Ua m-6eccon. Coic mna, coic eich, coic cuipn, coic pceich oo pigChailli Pal- lama in 5 . Ochc mogaio acup ochc mna acup ochc n-eich acup ochc pceich acup ochc (g)-claioim oo pig Oealbna Dloipi 6 . Comb ooib-pin 7 po chachain [in pai pencupa] 6enen [na buaoa]: not 5-Ceoqir. 177 IV— THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF TEAMHAIR. OF THE RIGHT of the king of Teamhair (Tara) here. When the king of Teamhair is not king of Eire, he is entitled to receive a hundred swords and a hundred shields and a hundred steeds and a hundred colored dresses and a hundred coats of mail ; these are from the king of Eire to the king of Teamhair. From the king of Teamhair, too, to the kings and territories of Midhe (Meath) : Twenty drinking-horns, twenty swords, twenty bondmen, twenty greyhounds to the king of Breagh. Five shields, five swords and five cloaks and five steeds and five hounds to the king of Magh Locha. Ten steeds, ten bondmen, ten women, ten drinking-horns to the king of Laeghaire. Seven shields and seven steeds and seven bondmen and seven women and seven hounds to the king of Ardghal. Seven steeds, seven swords, seven drinking-horns, seven cloaks to the king of Feara Ceall. Six steeds, six swords, six shields, six bondmen to the king of Feara Tulach. Eight shields, eight swords, eight drinking-horns, eight steeds to the king of Feara Teabhtha. Six shields, six horses, six cloaks, six bondmen, six drinking-horns to the king of Cuircne. Five steeds, five swords, five cloaks to the king of Ui Beccon. Five women, five steeds, five drinking-horns, five shields to the king of Caille Fhallamhain. Eight bondmen and eight women and eight steeds and eight shields and eight swords to the king of Dealbhna Mor. Of which the gifted historical adept Benean sang: N 178 Cectbhcqi t)61(5't> pig Ueampa euipim po inbip 6enen bi'nli^, i n-a n-olijeanb 1 (o)-Ce(iriipai6 pap bpac lp na Saicnib, ceo cpun, lp cpoo ppi caicio, 'i Luighne, also called Luaighne, and now corruptly Luibhne. This was a territory of considerable extent in Meath, and its name is still preserved in that of the small barony of " Lune," near the town of Trim, in the west of the county of East Meath ; but the territory of Luighne was much more ex- tensive than the modern barony, for we learn from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick published by Colgan, lib. ii. c. 10, Trias Thaum. , p. 130, that the church of Domhnach Mor Muighe Eachuach, " Donaghmore," near the town of " Navan," was in this territory. xVfter the establishment of sur- names the chief family of this territory took the surname of O'Braein (O'Breen), but he is to be distinguished from O'Braein, of Breagh-mhaine (Brawny), in Westmeath, who is descended from Maine, the fourth son (if the monarch Niall of the Nine Hos- tages; whereas O'Braein of Luighne, in Meath, is of the race of Cormac Gaileang, sonofTadhg, son of Cian, son of Oilioll Olum, king of Minister. Sec (('Flaherty's Ogygia, cc. 69, 85. See also O'Dubha- gain's topographical poem, and Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. 1201 ; and p. 103, n. h , supra. r Feara Arda, i. e. the men of the heights, now the barony of " Ferrard," forming the southern portion of the county of Louth. The hills of SliabhBreagh extend across this barony, from near " Gallon" to " Glogher Head," and from this range of hills this people took their name. The territory was otherwise called Arda Cianachta. The churches of Cluain Mor and Disert Meithle Caeile are mentioned in the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, as in this territory. See Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. ii. c. 48, and Colgan's note in Trias Thaum., p. 177, note 90. O'Dubhagain does not mention this territory under either name in his topo- graphical poem, nor is it referred to in the Irish Annals after the tenth century, so that we have no means of determining the name of the principal family seated here before the English invasion. This barony, and all the region extending from Glais Neara, near Druim Inascluin (Drumiskin), in the county of Louth, to Cnocaibh Maeldoid, at the River Liffey (but not including Teamh air or Tara) were granted to Tadhg, son of (ian, son of Oilioll Olum, by king Cor- mac, the son of Art, after the battle of Crinna, fought A. D. 2a4. See Annals of na 5-Ceapr. 187 Thrice fifty mantles from the Luighne q , Thrice fifty hogs, as was reckoned, Thrice fifty beeves, without default, To be brought to great Teamhair. A hundred beeves from the Feara Arda r , A hundred white wethers, unless they procure those [the beeves], A hundred hogs, heavy the remembrance, A hundred cloaks, the enumeration of the great Luighne. A hundred best cloaks from the Saithne s , A hundred sows, a stock for wealth, Tighearnach, apud O'Conor, Rerum Hiber- nicarum Scriptores, vol. ii. p. 45 ; Keating, in regimine Fearghus Duibhdeadach, and (('Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 68. For fume notices of the chiefs of this tribe of the Cianaehta, see Annals of Tighearnach at the years 662, G88, 735, 742, 748, 749 ; and. Annals of the Four Masters at the years 226, 528, 570, 732, 7G5, 789, 848, 849, and 918. s Saithne This tribe were descended from Glasradh, the second son of Connac Gaileang, son ofTadhg, son of Cian, son of Oilioll Olum. They were a subsection of the Cianaehta Breagh, and were seated near the sea, in the east of " Bregia," or " Fin- gall," to the north of Dublin. See O'Fla- herty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 69, and D. Mac Firbisigh's genealogical work (Marquis of Drogheda's copy), pp. 348, 353. After the establishment of surnames the chief family of this territory took the surname of O'Catha- saigh, now Anglice Casey; they were dis- possessed by Sir Hugh de Lacy, who sold their lands, as we are informed by Giraldus Cambrensis in bis Hibemia Expugnata, lib. ii. <•. 24, where he states that Philippus Wigorniensi3, Justiciary of Ireland, seized on the lands of "Oeathesi," to the king's use, though Hugh de Lacy had formerly sold them. According to Alan's Register, fol. 21, amongst other grants, king John, when he was Earl of Morton, confirmed to Archbishop Comyn " Medietatem Decima- rum Terre O'Kadesi, de Ffinegall." And in the same Register, fol. 110, is contained a charter by which John Archbishop of Dublin grants "omnes ecclesias, capellas, et decimas de tota terra que fuit O'Kadesi, que in paroehia Dublin est," to the prior and convent of Laothonia, Gloucester, and in which the following places are mentioned as in it, viz : " Ecclesia de Villa Ogari, cum capella que quondam fuit Richardi Came- rarii ; ecclesia de Sancto Nemore [Holy- wood] cum capella que dicitur Gratas ; ecclesia de Villa Stephani de Crues cum pertinentibus suis," &c. Ecclesia de Villa Macdun cum decimis; et Villa Willielmi Bartinet et Ecclesia de Terra Rogeri de Waspeile et ecclesia de Villa Kadulphi Pastons et capella Richardi Lafelde." In D' Alton's History of the County of Dublin, p. 497, the parish " De Sancto Nemore," i. e. Holy wood, is called the church of St. Nemore. 188 Ceabhaji acup ceac mapc ap moijib lp ceac mole oia mopoi jto 4 '. Ceo cope a Cuipcne 44 in chocaio, ceao mapc, lp mop an obuip, acup ceac luljach lana oo pi laioech t",iach Upaja 4 \ Cpi cheo cope a cip ^aileang, epi ceao mole, cpi ceac pa leann* 6 , epf cheuo oam, oiun in chobaip, oo'n C(h)luen Raich, oo cliualabaip 1 Ceo mole a 49 Peapaib Uulach, c£o cope oo'n oun nach oubach, ceao lul^ach co n-a laejaib, ceac oam, nocho beupc baejail 49 . Upicha mole a TTIui£ £acha oo pij Claen I2aea in caea, epicha lul^ach buioi blench, epicha oam ip a' oea£ paieh i0 . ; ( 'nil cue, now called the barony of " Kil- keiiny West," in Westmeath. Here tlic poet jumps from the extreme east of East Meath to the extreme west of Westmeath. See page 181, note h , supra. " Liath Thraigk, i. e. the grey strand. The Editor never met this name in any other Irish authority. 6iach tDpoma in B., seems the correct reading. v Gaileanga This tribe also was de- scended from Connac Gaileang, son of Tadhg, son of Cian, son of Oilioll Oliun. There were two territories of this name in the ancient Midhe (Meath), the one called ( taileanga Mora, or the Great Gaileanga, the name of which is still preserved in that of the barony of Mlop-jaileanj, Anglice " Morgallion," in the county of Meath ; but the territory was more extensive than the barony, for we learn from the gloss to the Feilire Jenghuis, 13th October, that the mountainous district of Sliabh Guaire, now a part of the barony of "Clankee," in the county of Cavan, originally belonged to Gaileanga, Pmopech, nipgo, -| 6p- naioe nomen ciuicaeip eiup, In Sleib ^uaipe, h. n-^ailean^aib, i. e. Finnseach Virgo et Ernuidhe nomen civitatis ejus in Sliabh Guaire in Gailean- giis. The other, called Gaileanga Beaga, was situate in Bregia, in East Meath, near the River Liflfey. Its position is known only from the fact that the monastery of Glais Naeidhin (Glasnevin), near Dublin, was in ncc 5-Ceapr. 189 And a hundred beeves on the plains And a hundred wethers to he slaughtered. A hundred hogs from Avarlike Cuircne', A hundred beeves, great is the store, And a hundred full milch-cows To the mighty king of Liath Druim". Three hundred hogs from the territory of Gaileanga v , Three hundred wethers, three hundred best mantles, Three hundred oxen, vast the assistance, To the Claen Rath, ye have heard. A hundred wethers from the Feara Tulach w , A hundred hogs to the fort [which is] not cheerless, A hundred milch-cows with their calves, A hundred oxen, without any failure. Thirty wethers from Magh Locha x To the king of warlike Claen Rath", Thirty goodly beautiful milch-cows, Thirty oxen to the goodly fort. it. Dr. Lanigan asserts that Glais-naidhen the elder, and his followers, shortly after the must have been on the south side of the English invasion, and the descendants of River Liffey, for no other reason than be- the conquered Gaileanga have remained in cause Eaw son, in his Introduction to the obscurity ever since, for none of this family Statistical Survey of Kildare, had said or have risen beyond the rank of cottiers or far- conjectured that Caelan was bounded by mers;" but the " O'Hennessys" of the race the Liffey on the north ; but Rawson was of Cathaeir Mor furnished a colonel to sup- misled by Beauford, who forged an ancient port the claims of James II. who followed Topography of Ireland, which was pub- his fortunes beyond seas. lished in the eleventh number of the Col- w Feara Tulach — See page 180, note 1 , lectanea. According to O'Dubhagain's to- supra. pographical poem, O'Leochain, Anglice x Magh Locha See page 178, note '', " Loughan," and Barbarice " Duck," was supra. chief of Gaileanga Mora, and h-Aenghusa y Claen Rath, i. e. the inclining fort, a (Hennessy), of Gaileanga Beaga. Both name of Teamhair (Tara). See Petrie's were dispossessed by Sir Hugh de Lacy, Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 197. 190 Ceabhccji Seapca bpac a h-Uib 6eccon, peapca mapc, mop in c-eagop, la peapcao cpanao cubaib, peapca bpac 'p- a ' m °P chulaij 51 . lpeab pin blijeap oo chpuo pi TTliDi, cean mop opoul, 1 (b)-Uearhpai6 buioi, map bip: ipeao pin uili a n-apo chip. CIS CUCICh [IDlbej. * Ui Beccon See p. 182, n. ', sttpra. net 5-Cea]ir. 191 Sixty cloaks from the Ui Beccon*, Sixty beeves, great tlie collection, With sixty excellent sows, [And] sixty cloaks to the great hill [TeamhairJ. That is what is due in cattle To the king of Midhe, without great error, At good Teamhair, as he is : Such be all his high rents THE TRIBUTES. 192 Uabhdji v. onsheaoh rei^h cai^hean, a^us uiomwa chauhaeiR mhoirc. ace aNt> so cimNa chacaire mam F o P a [ciamo] pop a rhacaib aipea^baib acup pop a clomo chorhapbaip; acup oo pao ni each meic bib bia poipb acup oia inbmup. acup ap beapc ppi TCop puilgi ,c_a ' beanoochab : — "mO pCaiChlS, mo opoan, mo pafpi, mo puncaioi, mo peoib, mo poinepci 2 , mo cumap comaipgi bo-m' T2op pojap, bo-m' pail.51 paebpach : copab cuirhneach comapbaip bo chach ap a m-[b]iao, ap 3 ip bo ip can cibnocol, tnpab peoib pfp-tliaipceap, peapnap do chuch caem para; cain in mino mop maipeach, mo mac mopjap min aicnij 4 , cach-buaouch coicpichi; impoa pia (b)-Ceamaip mui^, ni oella oo bpachaippi; 3 Testament of Cathaeir Mor This will " Thus I find the will of king Cathair has has been noticed by O'Flaherty, Ogygia, been committed to writing." The words part iii. c. 50, where he gives a short ac- of Cathaeir's will are in that peculiar metre count of it, from which it appears that the called by the Irish poets " Rithlearg" (and document he used was different from our " Ritairec"), an example of which occurs text; but he does not inform us where it is in the Battle of Magh Rath, p. 154, and preserved, or whether he believed it was an many other examples will be found in the authentic document. He merelv remarks : ancient Irish historical tale called " Forbais ia 5-Cea|ic. 193 V. THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF LAIGHIN, WITH THE WILL OF CATHAEIR MOR. HERE IS THE TESTAMENT OF CATHAEIR MOR a to his children, to his principal sons and his heirs, and he gave to each son of them a part of his patrimony and of his wealth. And he said to Ros Failghe 1 ', blessing him ; — " MY SOVEREIGNTY, my splendor, My nobleness, my vigor, My wealth, my strength, My power of protection To my fierce Ros, to my vehement Failghe, That they may be the memorials of succession To every one [of his race] on whom they descend, For to him belongs to make presents, That he is not to hoard wealth perpetually, [But] let him give unto all fair wages; Clement is the great and comely hero, My vehement son, smooth-minded, Victorious in his border-battles; He shall contend for the plain of Teamhair, He shall not abandon it to his relatives ; Droma Damghaire," preserved in the Book b Ros Failghe, i. e. Eos of the rings. He of Lios Mor (Lismore), in the Library of is the ancestor of the Ui Failghe, of whom the R. Irish Academy. See Introduction. O'Conchobhair Failghe (O'Conor Faly), Cathaeir Mor was monarch of Ireland in and O'Diomasaigh (O'Dempsey) of Claim the second century. According to the Irish Maeiliaghra (Clanmalier), and O'Duinn genealogists he had three wives and thirty (O'Dunne) of Iregan, were the most dis- sons, but only the ten mentioned in this will languished families after the establishment had issue. SeeO'FIa. Ogygia, p. iii. c. 59. of surnames. See p. 216, n. r , infra. O 194 Leabhaji beapa baij le-m' buan macaib' 6 ppi nichaib a n-ecpaca ; co bpach buioneach beanoacc 7 , — pob peapp cac peap puilji Rop." Qcup do beapc* 06 oeich pceich acup oeich (b)-pail£i acup oeich (5)-clai6ini acup oeich (5)-cuipn, acup ao beapc Fpip, — " 6GO SQGRQ 00 clanoa iap clanoaib mo cloinoi-pea." Gp 9 pin ap beapc ppi Ocnpi 6appach 10 : "TTIO ^aiSCeaO, mo j&ip-luinoi 00-m' t)(h)aipi bupb, beooa-pa: pob mac ochca aipeachca each mac buan oo-o' Bpomo pine; a t)(h)aipi, co n-oanoup 11 puij aip inach 12 Uuach £ai£eun; cpaibpea epicha Oeap ^Jabaip; na jab peoou i-o' chomaipgi 13 ; buaio bpeici 14 Do-c' mjeanpaio 01a (b)-paepuO; oo' 5 pean achaip Cachafp, ceano in choicio-pea, do bep duid a beanoachcain co mab nia co pobapchain 16 op ^ailianchaib 5 lap . . . RIO gaiSCeCIO. Qcup ao 17 beapc 06 la pooain ochc mojaio acup ochc mna acup ochc n-eich acup ochc (5)-cuipn. Qp beapc 19 Din pope ppi 6peapal n-6ineachlaip: c Daire Barrack. — He was the ancestor of sixth in descent from him, according to the family of Mac Gorman, chief of the Ui the O'Clerighs. Bairrche, for the situation of which see page A Deas Ghabhair According to the An- 212, n. m , infra. St.Fiac of Sleibhte, now nals of the Four Masters, at the year 920, "Slatey,"in"Omargy,"issaidtohavebeen this was another name for Ui Ceinnsea- the great-grandson of this Daire Barrach, laigh. See the Introduction, and St. Diarmad, the founder of the church of e Gailians. — An old name of the Laigh- Gleann Uissen, a remarkable valley, situate nigh, or Leinstermen. See Introduction. two miles to the west of Carlow, was the ' Eight bondmen. — O'Flahertv savs. ubi na 5-Ceapr. 195 He will give his aid to my steadfast sons Against the attacks of their enemies; To the multitudinous day of judgment [is this] blessing, — Better than every man shall Failghe Eos be." And he gave him ten shields and ten rings and ten swords and ten drinking-horns, and he said to him, — " NOBLEST SHALL BE thy descendants among the descendants of my children." Then he said to Daire Barrach c : " MY VALOR, my martial impetuosit}' To my fierce, vigorous Daire; The darling of the assembly Shall every steadfast son of the tribes of thy loins be ; O Daire, with boldness Sit on the frontier of Tuath Laighean (north Leinster) ; Thou shalt harass the lands of Deas Ghabhair' 1 (south Leinster); Receive not price for thy protection ; Thy daughters shall be blessed with fruitfulness If they wed; thy old father Cathaeir, the head of this province, Gives thee his benediction That thou shouldst be a powerful champion Over the green Gailians e ." MY VALOR. And he gave him, thereupon, eight bondmen f and eight women and eight steeds and eight drinking-horns. He said afterwards to Breasal Eineack-ghlais g : siijtro, that before king " Cathir" fell in silver richly carved, fifty swords of a pe- the battle of " Talten," he ordered his son, culiar workmanship, live rings of gold ten " Ross Failge," to give legacies to the rest times melted, one hundred and fifty cloaks of his sons, and to the other nobles of Lein- variegated with Babylonian art. and seven ster, and that lie presented " to Daire Barry military standards." one hundred round spears, with silver S Breasal Eineach-ghlais — He is the an- blades, fifty shields incases of gold and cestorof a tribe called the Ui Eineach-ghlais, o2 196 teccbhaji " lTlO 66QR, co n-a lun-copad, Do-m' 6peapal bino Bpiachpach -pa; jeib lac Innbeap n-Qimipjin, )ap pelbao na pean poinoi : pip paepa, co puchame 19 , uaio-peo; lapurii aipevhchap 2 " cuipc chpaechpao 21 a chiuj-paoup 1 (5)-cin lanim 22 lainichiji; cia cpeapao a ppichipi, nf ba pealba peapcaiopib i (j)-cup nochpatub. Gcup oo beapc oo pe lonja ucup p6 luipeacha acup pe h-inaip acup pe pceich acup pe h-eich; acup oo beapc oo pe ooim pooepm co I in a (b)-pualaipc 23 . Qcup oo beupc ppi Ceacach 84 : "1TIO ChRlCha peachcapou oo Ceacach cpioeochaip" ; ba Oich bopb oo-o' 26 bpachippi ; cia beich peal w ppia paep popba, uao ni ^enpipeap" 8 ." Qcup ni chuc a chuio cimnao oo. lap pin ap beapc ppi Peapjup Cuapcdn: " peaR^US, peap co n-imjloine 29 , luaioeap a luapc leanrhaioi ; or Ui Feineachlais, who were seated along h Inbhear Aimherghin — So called be- the sea to the north of the Ui Deaghaidh, cause this was the portion of the country and in the present barony of Arklow, in the which fell to the lot of Aimherghin, one of county of Wicklow. This tribe is incor- the sons of Milidh (Milesius), and the rectly called " Ui Ineachruis," in all the poet and judge of their expediton. This is copies of O'h-Uidhriu's topographical poem. more usually called Inbhear Mor. It was The church of Inis Mocholmog belonged to originally the estuary of the Abhainn Mhor this territory. See the Feilire Aenyhuis, (Avonmore), but it was afterwards, after a and the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at manner used elsewhere, applied to the town 14th November. of Arklow, which, after the Danish and na 5-Ceapc. 197 •' MY SEA, with its full produce, To my sweet-spoken Breasal ; Take thou unto thee the Inbhear of Aimherghin h , According to the possession of the ancient division : Free men, and of long duration, [Shall descend] from thee; afterwards shall arise Princes who shall destroy his last chieftainship For the crime of the arm of an unjust man ; And though it shall return again, It shall not be a happy possession Because it shall be liable to oppression." And he gave to him six ships' and six coats of mail and six tunics and six shields and six steeds ; and he gave him his own six oxen with all their appointments. And he said to Ceatach* : " MY LANDS external [to my mensal lands] [I give] to my beloved Ceatach ; It will be a violent destruction to thy brotherhood ; Though thou wilt be for a time in possession of a free inheritance, From thee none shall be begotten." And he did not give his testamentary portion to him. Then he said to Fearghus Luascan ; " FEARGHUS, a man of purity, He speaks of his infantine rockings; English invasions, became the principal five chariots with their horses. This is a fortress of Ui Eineaeh-ghlais. According further proof that the document consulted to O'h-Uidrin's topographical poem, by O'Flaherty was totally different from "O'Fiachra"' was the chief of this tribe any of the copies now known to exist. after the establishment of surnames. k Ceatach — This is probably the Cea- • Six ships, &c O'Flaherty says that tach after whom the barony of Ui Ceataigh " Cathir" gave "Breasal Enachlas" five (Ikeathy), in the north of Kildare, received ships of burden, fifty bossed shields, su- its name. The criocha seachtar were the perbly inlaid with silver and gold round lands which were not mensal, or parcel of the edges, five golden-hilted swords, and the king's inheritance or succession. 198 Ceabhccp ni pil lim Do chionocol, ap ni maenach 30 nach macaemoo; ace ma cheagma oino appao caiman, calam cpiun, lapcain, nim&am oeirhneach oichioean oo'n pip luaioeap luapc." Qcup ni chuc nf do. Qpbeapc lapam ppi Cpimchanoan: "CTClTTIUhQNt), mo chup cluicheocaip 11 ; glap pop lunu lean-maioi ; j^ebup lachu ainocpeannca ; ni oil learn a 6dn maipi 33 ; ni ba coimpij caoupa ace md checma aen. .1. Colam mac CpimchainD. Qcup oo pao do pechc n-eich acup pe cuipn acup pe maclu acup pe Dam co lin a (b)-pualaip 33 . Qenjup Nic ono mac do poinDi Cachaip epia mepci pi a 34 injin 1. ppi TTluccna injin Cachaip, lp ppip ao 35 beapc Cachaip : "N1CC, nimcha peilb paep 36 popba oo mac TTluccna michipi, ap a' meao lp imnaipi 37 cuipmeao clano ppi coiboelchu. lp peapp 6caib achaipi 38 ; ole buanuouj beo." Qcup ni chuc ni Do. [Qjup] aD beapc lap pin ppi h-6ochaio Uimine : 1 Except one, i. e. Colam mac Criomh- (" Terryglass," near the Shannon, in Lower thainn It will be remarked that " Colam Ormond, Tipperary), where his festival was mac Crimthainn" is here a mere scholium. It celebrated on the 13th of December. The is not in B. at all. According to the Feilire O'Clerighs remark that he was really the Aenghuis, and the Calendar and Genealo- son of Ninmidh, who was the fifth in de- gies of the Irish Saints, compiled by the scent from Crimhthann, the son of Cathair O'Clerighs, he was abbot of Tir Da Ghlais Mor. He should therefore have been called na 5-Ceapr. 199 I have naught to present, For every youth cannot be wealthy ; But if we happen to have possession Of land, powerful land, hereafter, I am not certain but I may give leavings [a remnant] To the man who talks rockingly (at random)." And he did not give anything to him. He said then to Criomhthann : " CRIOMHTHANN, my boyish hero; He is a lock upon the blackbirds of the meadows ; He shall conquer weak territories; I love not his profession of fame ; There will not be [any of his race] worthy of veneration Except one 1 [who] shall prove [so]. i. e. Colam mac Criomhthainn. And he gave him seven steeds™ and six drinking-horns and six ma- tals and six oxen with their full appointments. Aenghus Nic, too, a son that Cathaeir begat in his drunkenness, by his daughter, i. e. Muchna, daughter of Cathaeir, to him Cathaeir said: " NIC, there shall not be possession of free land With the son of hapless Muchna, Because of the greatness of the disgrace Of begetting children by relatives. Better is the death of a disgrace; 111 is the continuing of infamy." And he did not give anything to him. And he said then to Eochaidh Timine: Colam Ua Crimhthainn. He died in the of elegant construction, two chess-boards year 552. with their chess-men distinguished with m Seven steeds O' Flaherty says that their spots and power, on which account "Cathir" gave this " Crimhthann" fifty he was constituted master of the games in hulling balls made of brass, with an equal Leinster, but the Editor has not found any number of brazen hurlets, ten pair of tables original Irish authority for this. 200 ceabhaji " mo eochaiO 39 cimiNe, cpeich pep, nf rip cheajlamap; 40 ni cpeom 41 6 cip chuip^eboaib; nipob apeapmap 42 oil fine; ni ba bupach beachpaiji; mo painbi, mo eapcaine peach a bpcnchpi[b] buanma[pa] paip-peom co bpach biap." Qcup ni chuc cimna 06, acup nip 43 chaipmipc a beirh 1 (b)-pail a bpaichpeach 44 amail chocapc. Qo 15 bepc ono ppi h-Qilill Ceabach mac Cachaip : " 01£166, oil peap 1 46 pelbaio pean maib, pean bpuoao, ni ba puaip 00 pach 47 ; peap popaio ppi pichchillacc uap po maijib par." Do pao ano pin a pichcill co n-a piccillachc 00 Qilill Ceaouc. Co luio ono Piacha pa 48 h-Gicib a bochum a achaip 49 , acup ba pe popap a mac acup ap beapc ppip: "NimCllQSQ Nf bo beapap lac ace mo beannacc acup ma beip 1 n-aicci cac bpachap ouic co m-bab peiopeach." C116 in jilla [Piaco] piao a achap; ap beapc lapam [a acaip 1.] Cachaip ppip. " PGGI miS la each m-bpachaip ouib acup pai peachc m-bliaona la Ropa 50 pailji mac Cachaip. Oia nam copachc 00 beannacc 1 pon pelbi 00 jnipinb 51 anb pin." Conao anb ap beapc Cachaip : " SRUlCh in popap poineamail, Piacha peap a n-ilceaoaib M , 11 Asacogart — As a servant or villanus, tor of a sept seated in a territory called Sec on the cogarts of Leinster, infra, p. 219. Crioeh na g-Ceadach, in the north-east of n Oilioll Ceadach He was the ances- the King's County. na g-Ceajir. 201 " MY EOCHAIDH TIMINE, Weak man, it is not land he will acquire ; It is not brave men from countries he will expel ; From him will not descend a great tribe ; He shall not be a man of lowing herds ; My weakness, my curse [or foolishness] Beyond his enduring brothers Upon him for ever shall be." And he gave him no testamentary [share] ; but he forbade him not to live with his brothers as a cogart n (steward). He said to Oilioll Ceadach , the son of Cathaeir : " OILIOLL, a great man in the possession Of old plains of old brughaidhs [farmers] ; Noble shall not be thy rath [abode] ; A man intelligent in chess playing, [Who shall rule] over many prosperous plains." And he gave his chess-board and his fithcheallachtP (chess furni- ture) to Oilioll Ceadach. Then Fiacha Ba h-Aicidh went to his father, and he was the youngest of his sons, and the father said to him : " I HAVE NOT AUGHT that thou couldst take with thee but my blessing and that thou abide with each of thy brethren till thou art of maturity." The youth Fiacha wept in the presence of his father ; his father, i. e. Cathaeir, then said unto him : " ABIDE A MONTH with each of thy brothers, and abide seven years with Ros Failghe the son of Cathaeir. If, then, thou retain the blessing I would ensure to thee prosperity of possessions." And then Cathaeir said: " A CHIEF shall the prospei'ous junior be, Fiacha a man of many hundreds [of cattle] ; i 1 His chess with his fithchilkacht — piccillectce on Cnomhthann, not on OTlaherty makes Cathaeir bestow the Oiliol Ceadach. 202 Ceabhap buaib-jean 6eapBa bpurhrhaipi; po^nipeo a bpuchaip pine; Qillinb apb co n-upjeba; Capmon 53 clocach coimjebaib; biaib op Cllmam aipmioin 54 ; Wap amnicha neapcaijpib; luam £aopano co luchmaipi"; peap ariipa op Gipjeao Rop; lachu Qilbi oll-jebaio; domain op lip loinjpigpib; rpiacha Ceampa cpaipceapaib; aenach Uaillcean copmaibpib ; each cpfch po chipe choriiaoaip pob lip buaoa beannaccan ap bo pil co puchaine, a h-Ui Piacha aipriiionij 46 ; oo chuib cimna cappaoaip co poinrheach, co ppuich SRUICh. Mo bai peom om 47 a (b)-pail a bpaiehpeach 58 amail ap beapc Caehaip ; conio be pin po 111 Piacha Pa h-Qicib 59 be ap a beich a n-aicci a bpenchpeach; acup po bai la T3op map y\n peachc pin la Pein Cuaibne 66 . t)d mac bin 67 peiolimio pip Up-jlaip .1. TTIaine lTlal 138 in pinbpeap acup Cuchafp in popap; unbe® £u£aip Idn-pili [bipcic .1.] : Opap eipclop, opoan, din, [.1. pine TTIaine, B. inter Uneas.'j nip bo chdip pa 70 popgla peap ; pacbao Cachaip, cono each c-pluaij, la ^.uaijne chuato a TTIuij 6pej. Conao bo olijeao acup 00 chuapipcol cloinoi na mac pin uo beapc [in pai buaoa] 6enen ann po: C6QRC pij taij^ean po luaio 6enen, a m-bpeich ubaip [p]uapipcaip, 1 n-a 71 n-olijeno pij each chuaichi, epia chuaich lin a chuapipcol 72 . Gn epdeh nach pi b' Gipinb uili aipo-pij 6aijean lino uaine, leip copach in each chip cpein ein$ 6 pij 6ipinb [F]inb (p)uaipe. tDeich mojaib bo laech-pi £,aijean, oeich (5)-coin c-polma, puileacha, oeich pcinji pop pcibpeac conoa, beich longa, beich luipeacha. Cpicha palach, caeca claibearh, ceac n-each n-bonb, beich n-bin bpacaib, caeca cochall, nip bab pach buibb 73 , beich pach 74 chuipn, beich pij-vhacail. Se cuipn, pe Failji b'[U]ib Paeldin, pe leanna ap in lacaip pin 75 , y Tailllc, now absurdly Anglicized " Navan." "Teltown'' is taken from the Celtown," midway between " Kells" and oblique cases, Caillcean, &c. B.ofMagh na 5-Ceajic. 205 was from him he took arms, and it is from the descendants of Ros that every man of his descendants is bound to receive his first arms. Cathaeir afterwards went to Taillte y , and he fought the battle of Taillte, and he Avas killed there by the Fian of Luaighne. Feidhlimidh Fir Urghlais had two sons, namely, Maine Mai, the senior, and Cathaeir [Mor], the junior; whence Lughair the full poet said: A famous, illustrious, honorable junior, He was not despicable among the choicest men ; Cathaeir, the prop of each host, was killed By the Luaighne, in the north, in Magh Breagh. And it is of the rights and stipends of the descendants of those sons Benean the gifted sage spoke here : THE RIGHT of the king of Laighin [Leinster] Benean related, In the decision of an author he found it, What the king of each territory is entitled to, [and], Throughout his country, the number of his stipends. When not king of all Eire Is the supreme king of Laighin of green waters, To take the van in going into every country of strong frontier From the king of temperate Eire. [is his [privilege] Ten bondmen to the heroic king of Laighin, Ten fleet, quick-eyed hounds, Ten scings 2 over which the waves glide, Ten ships, ten coats of mail. Thirty rings, fifty swords, A hundred bay steeds, ten sheltering cloaks, Fifty cowls, not a common stipend, Ten choice drinking-horns, ten royal matals. Six drinking-horns, six rings to the Ui Faelain 3 , Six mantles on that same time, Rath, p. 108,n. b . Luaighne. — Seep.86,11. 1 . "trappings" does not seem applicable here. z Scings. — Seep. 70, n. ', but the meaning a Ui Faelain — This was the name of a 200 Leabhcqi pe h-eich luacha co n-a laichpib; jta^ buijchip, nip bpachaippi. Ceo n-each uao-pom do chupc Chomaip, ceo m-bo ap ruillearii 77 cuapipcail, cpica ban pe meo ip muipeap, ceao claiDearh, ip cpuad apcaio. Ochc lonja d'n laech :s do plaich Chualano, co peolaib co peol [ppol B.] BnaeaiB, ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc (5)-clui6irh co cinaio 7 ", occ n-inaip, ochc n-6p macail. Seachc pceich, peachc n-eich do pij Popchuach lap n-6l pina aipiDT", peachc (5)-cmpn co n-a mio oo'n maipig, peachc (jVclaioirii 'n-a (5)-caipi6ib. Se h-inaip oo pij an lnobep, pe Doirii luacha, leimneca 81 , tribe and territory containing about the northern half of the present county of Kil- dare. Tt comprised the baronies of" Clane" and " Salt," and the greater part, if not the entire, of those of " Ikeathy" and " Ough- teranny." The town of Nas (Naas), and the churches of Claenadh (Clane), Laith- reach Bruin (Laraghbrine, near " May- nooth"), Domnach mor Muighe Luadhat (Donaghmore), Cluain Conaire (Clon- curry): and Piodh Chuillinn (Feighcullen), were in it. Sec the Feilire Aetighuis, and the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 18th May, 8th June, 8th August, 2nd and L 6th of September, and 27th of October. After the establishment of surnames the chiefs of this territory took that of Mac Faelain, and soon after that of O'Braui (Anglice O'Byrne), but they were driven from this level and fertile territory, about the year 1202, by Meylcr Fitz-IIenrv ami his followers, when they retired into the mountains of WIcklow, where they acquired new settlements for themselves, and in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth they were possessed of more than the southern half of the present county of Wicklow. See the Editor's translation of the second part of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 137, note e , and page 246, note f , where autho- rities are quoted which prove the Ui Faelain, Anglici " Offelan," the original country of the Ui Brain (O'Byrnes), comprised the live northern baronies of the present county of Kildare. and that it was hounded on the north by Deise Teamhrach, on the west by Ui Failghe, on the north-east by Ui Dun- chada, and on the south by l'i Muireadh- na 5-Ceapc. 207 Six swift steeds with I heir caparisons; Though it is promised, it is not for brotherhood. A hundred steeds from him to the Prince Tomar b , A hundred cows as additional wages, Thirty women of size and with offspring, A hundred swords, it is a severe tribute. Eight ships from the hero to the lord of Cualann , With sails [and] with satin flags (banners), Eight drinking-horns, eight keen-edged swords, Eight tunics, eight gold [embroidered] matals. Seven shields, seven steeds to the king of the Forthuatha' 1 After drinking certain wine, Seven drinking-horns with their mead to the mariner, Seven swords in their scabbards. Six tunics to the king of the Inbhear e , Six oxen, swift, bounding, aigh, Anglice " Omurethi," O'Tuathail's (OToole's) original territory. b Prince Tomar, i. e. king of Dublin. See the Introduction ; and p. 40, n. ". c Cualann See p. 13, note h , supra. d Forthuatha, i. e. the stranger tribe. It appears from an old life of St. Caemhghin (Kevin), quoted by Ussher in his Primor- dia, p. 956, and by the Bollandists, that the church of Gleann Da Loch, i. e. Vallis duorum stagnorum (Glendalough), was in this territory. This shows that it was an alias name for Ui Mail, as, according to a note in the Feilire Aenyhuis and the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 7th Octo- ber, Ui Mail is the name of the territory in which Gleann Da Loch is situated. Ui Mail (Imaile) is a well-known territory in the barony of Upper Talbotstown, in the county of W'kklow, in which the family of OTuathail (O'Toole) settled after their ex pulsion from their original territory of Ui Muireadhaigh in the now county of Kil- dare, by the Baron Walter de Riddles- ford. See the Editor's translation of the Annals of the Four Masters, page 51, n. '", and page 664, note z ; also the published Inquisitions, "Lagenia," Wicklow, 6 Jac. I., 8 Car. I. Domhnall Mac Faelainn, king of Forthuatha Laighean, was slain in the battle of CluainTarbh (Clontarf) according to the Annals of Ulster. e Inbhear, i. e. of Inbhear Mor (Arklow). The territory of the Inbhear (originally the estuary merely) was the country of the Ui Eineach-ghlais, which comprised the present barony of Arklow, in the county of Wicklow. See page 196, note h . supra. 208 CeaMiap pe. liiipeacha acup pe lonju, pe h-eich oonna, oeinmeca. Seaclic n-eich d'UiB PeiVmea6a Pmou, pip Diana co nearhnaiji, coic cuipn cama la coic bpacaib, coic macail, cia mebpaioi. Ceo m-bo t>'[U]ib Cen&pealaij calma ceao n-each ap ruaich cpomaijcheap, oeich lonjija, beich ppen, oeich paible, oeich (b)-pail£i nach ft - polai^cheap. f Ui Feilmeadha, i. e. the descendants of Feilimidh, son of Eanna Ceinnsealach, king of Laigfain (Leinster) in the fourth century. There were two tribes of this name in Leinster, the one called Ui Feilmeadha Tuaidh, i. e. North Ui Feilmeadha, who were seated in the present barony of " Kath- villy," in the county of Carlow, and from whom the present town of "Tullow,"in that barony, was anciently called Tulaigh O'Feilmeadha, Anglice Tullow-Offelimy See Heating's History of Ireland, in the reign of Niall Naei-ghiallach. After the establishment of surnames, the chief family of this tribe took the surnames of 0' h -On- con, a name now unknown, and O'Gair- bheth (Garvey). The other tribe was called Ui Feilmeadha Teas or Deas, i. e. South Ui Feilmeadha, and was seated in the present barony of " Ballaghkeen" in the east of the county of Wexford. After the establishment of surnames the chief fa- mily of this tribe took that of O'Murchadha, Anglice, formerly, " O'Murroughoe," now "Murphy," and the family multiplied so much that this is now the most nume- rous of all the ancient Irish tribes, not only in their own territory, still called the " Murrooghs" or " Murroes," but all over Leinster and Minister. See O h-Uidhrin's topographical poem, and the Book of Lein- ster, in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, Hen. II. 18, fol. 247. In the year 1634, the head of the South Ui Feil- meadha was Conall O'Murchadha (son of Art, son of Domhnall Mor, son of Art, son of Tadhg). He died in this year, and was buried at Castle Ellis. He had five sons, of whom Tadhg was the eldest. There was another respectable branch of this family seated at Cfball-^opc bar (Oulart- leigh) in the same district, who retained their property till very recently. B Ui Ceinnsealaigh. — The people so call- ed were the descendants of Eanna Ceinn- sealach, who was the fourth in descent from Cathaeir, monarch of Ireland, and king of Laighin or Leinster, about the year 358. Their country originally com- prised more than the present diocese of " Femes," for we learn from the oldest Lives of St. Patrick, that Domhnach Mor, near Sleibhte (Sletty, Sleaty, &c), in the present county of Carlow, was in it. In the Tripartite Life of St Patrick, quoted by Ussher (Primordia, page 863) it i> net 5-Ceapr. 209 Six coats of mail and six ships, Six beautiful, bay steeds. Seven steeds to the fair Ui Feilmeadha F , Vehement men of venom, Five curved drinking-horns with five cloaks, Five matals, as it is remembered. A hundred cows to the brave Ui Ceinnsealaigh g , A hundred steeds by which power is added to the territory, Ten ships, ten bridles, ten saddles' 1 , Ten rings which are not to be concealed. called the larger and more powerful part of Leinster : " Ordinavit S. Patricius de gente Laginensium alium episcopum no- mine Fyacha, viriun religio.sissimum : qui jussione beatissimi Patricii gentem Cean- selach ad fidem convertit et baptizavit." The two clans of Ui Feilmeadha above referred to were of this race. After the establishnier" of surnames the principal family of this tribe took the surname of Mac Murchadha, Anglice "Mac Mur- rough," which is now obsolete. The prin- cipal family of the race took the name of Mac Murchadha Caemhanaigh, Anglic^ " Mac Murrough Kavanagh," now always shortened to " Kavanagh," without any pre- fix. They descend from Domhnall Caemh- anach, who, according to Giraldus, and the historical poem in Norman French on the invasion of Ireland, tempore Henry II., and a pedigree of the Kavanaghs in a MS. at Lambeth Palace, was an illegitimate son of Diarmaid, Dermitius Murchardides, (Dermod), king of Leinster, the first that brought the English into Ireland. From Eanna, another illegitimate son of this king, the family of " Kinsellaghs," now so numerous in Leinster, are descended. The other families of the race were Mac Daibh- idh Mor, Anglic^ Mac Davy More, or Mac Damore, seated in the barony of " Gorey," in the north-east of the county of Wex- ford, who were descended from Murchadli na n-Gaedhall, the brother of Diarmaid na n Gall, and Mac Uadog, Anglice "Mac Vaddock," and now "Maddock," who de- scends from Uadog, the fourth in descent from the smne Murchadh. The pedigrees of these septs are given by Dubh. Mac Firbisigh in his genealogical work (Lord Roden's copy), p. 473, and by Cucoicrigh O'Clerigh (Peregrine O'Clery) in his gene- alogical compilation, now preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, p. 82, and also in a MS. in the Carew Collection in the Library at Lambeth Palace, No. 635, fol. 40, 41, et sequen. h Saddles, paoail. — We have no means of determining what kind of saddles these were. The present Irish word for saddle is Oiallaio, which seems cognate with the Welsh word dilhad, apparel. Spenser as- serts, in his " View of the State of Ireland," that the Irish rode without a stirrup. It is said in the Histoire du Bog d'Angle- terre Richard, recently printed in the P 210 Leabliaji t)eich (b)-puilji appino do pi Raileantj 83 i[p] pe pij-eich pfmijJTl, pe macail apcae oo'n cupcuo, pe mojaio bo'n rhilij pin w . Ochc (5)-clai6iTin, ochc (£)-cuipn ppi corinol 6 pi£ Capman copoa^aij 85 , ochc n-eich cean each bib ap opoc-polc, bo pi Porapr* Opn[ao]aij. twentieth volume of the Archaeologia, with translation and notes, by the Rev. J. Webb, that Mac Murrough of Leinsterwas mount- ed upon a. horse which cost four hundred tows, but without a saddle. 1 Raeilinn This was the name of a re- markable fort on the hill of Mullach Raci- leann, Anglice " Mullaghreelion," in the county of Kildare, about five miles to the south-east of Athy. This fort is called Raeirend in the Leabbar Dinnseanchuis, which places it in the country of Ui Muir- eadhaigh, called by Cambrensis " Omu- rethi," which is still the name of a deaneiy in the county of Kildare. By " Righ Rai- leann," in the text, is certainly meant Righ Ua Muireadhaigh, i. e. king of " Omu- rethi," a territoiy comprising about the southern half of the present county of Kil- dare, namely, the baronies of " Kilkea and Moone," " Naragli and Rheban," and a part of the barony of " Connell." It was bounded on the north by the celebrated hill of Aillin (Allen), see page 202, notel, supra; on the north-west by Ui Failghe, An (/lice '• Offaly," which it adjoined at the Cuir- reach (Curragh) of Kildare, see page 216, note r , infra ; and on the west by Laeighis, Anglice " Leix," from which it was divided by the River Bearbha, Anglice Barrow. The deanery of "Omurethi," which preserves the name of this territory, comprises the following parishes, according to the Liber Regalis Visitationis of 1615, viz. : " Athy, Castlereban, Kilberry, Dollardstown, Ni- cholastown,Tankardstown, Kilkea, Grange- Rosnolvan, Belin [Beithlinn], Castleder- mott, Grange, jNIoone, Timoling, Narragh- more, Kilcullen, Usk." And the same record adds : " Adjacent to the deanery of Omurethie is the parish church of Dame- noge [Dunamanogue] and the parish church of Fontstown." From this the glaring error of Ledwich (Antiquities, 2nd ed. p. 294), appears, -who states that, the Omurethi of Giraldus was the country of the O'Moores. Soon after the death of the celebrated Saint Lorcan O'Tuathail, Anglice Laurence O'Toole, the family of the Ui Tuathail (O'Tooles) were driven from this level and fertile district by the great Baron Walter de Riddlesford, or Gualterus de Ridenesfor - dia, who, according to Giraldus (Hibernia Expvgnata, lib. ii. c. 21), had his castle at " Tristerdermott," (now " Castleder- mot"), in the territory of " Omurethi.'' Dr. Lanigan, in his Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, vol. iv. p. 174, and Mr. Moore, in his History of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 308, and all subsequent writers, state that Muir- cheartach O'Tuathail, the father of St. Lor- can O'Tuathail (Laurence O'Toole), was na 5-Ceajit;. 211 Ten carved rings to the king of Raeilinn' And six royal steeds, I reckon, Six matals in the same way to the champion, Six bondmen to that hero. Eight swords, eight horns for drinking From the king of defensive Carman, Eight steeds of which not one has a bad mane. To the king of Fothart OsnadhaighJ. prince of " Imaile," but this is a great mistake; for Ui Mail (Imaile), into which the tribe of OTuathail migrated, had been before the English invasion the patrimo- nial inheritance of the family of O'Tadhg, Anglice, formerly, O'Teige, now Tighe. Equally erroneous is the statement in the Life of " St. Laurence," published by Mes- singham in his Florilegium, that St. Lau- rence's father was king of all Leinster ; for we know from the best authorities, that, though he was of the royal family of Lein- ster, and next in superiority of that pro- vince, he never became king of it. J Fothart Osnadhaigh, now the barony of Fotharta, Anglice "Forth," in the county of Carlow. The people called Fotharta were, according to the Irish genealogists, the descendants of Eochadh Finn Fuathart (the brother of the monarch Conn of the Hundred Battles) who, being banished from Midhe (Meath) by his nephew Art, mo- narch of Ireland, settled in Laighin (Lein- ster) where his descendants acquired con- siderable territories, of which the barony of " Forth," in the county of Carlow, and the better known barony of the same name in the county of Wexford, still preserve the name. The former is called Fotharta Osna- dhaigh in the text, from Cill Osnadha, now corruptly " Kellistown," one of its principal churches, but more frequently " Fotharta Fea,"from the plain of Magh Fea, in which this church is situate. See Book of Baile an Mhuta, fol. 77, b., and Keating's History of Ireland, reign of Oilioll Molt, where it is stated that Cill Osnadha is situate in the plain of Magh Fea, four (Irish) miles to the east of Leith-ghlinn (Leighlin), in the county of Carlow. After the establishment of surnames the chief family of Fotharta Fea, or Fotharta Osnadhaigh, took the sur- name of O'Nuallain, Anglice, formerly, O'Nolan, now Nowlan, and from him this barony has been not unusually called " Forth O'Nolan." See the published Inquisitions, Lagenia, 14, 16 Car. I. Grace's Annals of Ireland, edited by the Rev. Richard Butler, p. 99, et passim. O'Flaherty states in his Ogygia, part iii. c. 64, that the posterity ofEochaidh Finn Fothart were chiefs of this territory till the death of O'Nuallan, the last proprietor, who died a short time before he was writing. The chief family of the Fotharta, in the county of Wexford, commonly called Fothart an Chain) (Cam- sore point), took the name of O'Lorcain, Anglice " Larkin," but they were dispos- sessed shortly after the English invasion. The family is, however, still numerous in Leinster. See further as to these districts, page 221, note ?, infra. p2 212 Leabhcqi Ocht n-eich o^UJib Opona a Cino ^abpa 87 a jlaic pi j co pa polao, ochc (5)-com pe cop uip ap rhoijib S9 , ochc (5)-claioirh pe cachujuo". Ochc n-eich b'[U]ib &aippchi ap a m-beooachc, ba beag o'pip a [nj-eanj-narha, ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc mna, nipop mu jaij, lp ochc mojaio mean, mapa 90 . Ochc n-eich o*Llib 6ui6i na m-bpiachap, bopba, bluichi, bip-cheanoa, k Ui Drona, i. e. nepotes Dronai These descend from Drona, the fourth in descent from Cathaeir Mor. They posses- sed the entire of the present barony of " Idrone," in the county of Carlow, and that part of the diocese of " Kildare and Leighlin," lying on the west side of the River Barrow, near the town of " Graigue- namanagh." The church of Erard or Urard, now called " Ullard," on the west side of the Barrow, was in it. See the Irish Ca- lendar of the O'Clerighs, at 2nd May, 18th August, 1 1th October, and 8th November ; and the Feilire Aenghuis, at 8th February, 29th May, 18th August, 5th September, 11th and 12 th October, and 8th November. After the establishment of surnames the chief family of this tribe took the surname of O'Riain, Anglice "Ryan," and retained considerable property hi this barony, till the Revolution in 1688, as appears from the published inquisitions, Lagenia, 9, 40 Car. I. They are still very numerous in this territory, and throughout Leinster, but they are to be distinguished from the family of O'Maeilriain (O'Mulrians or Ryans), of Tipperary, who are of a different race, though of Leinster too. See a curious ac- count of this family in Ryan's History of the County of Carlow, Appendix. 1 Ceann Gabhra, i. e. head of the horse. This name, which was evidently that of some remarkable hill in " Idrone," is un- known to the Editor. m Ui Bairrche This tribe descended from Daire Barrach, the second son of the monarch Cathaeir Mor, and possessed the barony of " Slievemargy," in the Queen's County, and other tracts in that neigh- bourhood. They were seated between the Ui Drona and Ui Muireadhaigh ; and the churches of Mughna h-Ealchainn (Bal- laghmoon), and Gleann Uissen (Killu- shin), near the town of Carlow, were in it. See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, pp. 417, 418 ; and Feilire Aenghuis, at 27th Fe- bruary, 4th April, 8th July, 20th October ; and the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 8th July. O h-Uidhrin places them on the west side of the River Barrow. D. Mac Firbisigh, in his pedigree of the Ui Bairrche (Marquis of Drogheda's copy), p. 397, states that the district extending from Ath Truistean, a ford on the river "Greece," near the hill of MullachMaistean (Mullagh- mast) six miles to the east of Athy, in the na 5-Cenjit;. 213 Eiyht steeds to the Ui Drona k of Ceann Gablira 1 From the hand of the king with good profit. Eight hounds for making slaughter on the plains, Eight swords for battling. Eight steeds to the Ui Bairrche m for their vigor, 'Tvvas but small for a man of his (their chieftain's) prowess, Eight drinking-horns, eight women, not slaves, And eight bondmen, brave [and] large. Eight steeds to the Ui Buidhe 11 of words, Fierce, beautiful, fine-headed, county ot'Kiklare, to the ford at Cill Corb- natan, belonged to this sept, and that there were families of the race seated at Cluain Gonaire (Cloncurry), Ceall Ausaille (Kil- lossy), in the county of Kildare ; and three families at Cill (" Kill," near Naas), namely, O'Laidhghein, O'Caise, and O'Duibhchil- line; and one family, namely O'Mathaidh, in the territory of Ui Eineach-ghlais Muighe. After the establishment of surnames the chief family took the name of" O'Gormau," or " Mac Gorman ;" but they were driven out of their original territory, shortly after the English invasion, by the Baron Walter de Riddlesford, who became master of all the territory about Carlow. After this pe- riod they disappear from the Irish Annals for some centuries; but a curious account of their dispersion and settlement in Munster is given by Maeilin Og Mac Bruaideadha (Mac Brody), who became chief poet of Ui Breacain and Ui Fearmaic in 1563, in a poem on their genealogy, in which he states that they possessed the territories of Crioch O m-Bairrche and Crioch O m-Buidhe in Leinster, but, being driven from thence by the English, a party of them proceeded Into Ulster and another into Qaithne (Owney, in Tipperary), where they settled at a place called Doire Seinliath, where they became very numerous. In process of time, how- ever, they removed from this territory and settled under O'Briain (O'Brien) in Ui Breacain (Ibrickan), in the west of Tuath Mhumha(Thomond), where the poet states they had been supporting poets and feeding the poor for the last four hundred years. See O'Reilly's Irish Writers, p. 164. The name of this family is always written Mac Gormain in the Irish annals, and on all the old tombstones of the family in tin county of Clare; but the late Chevalier Thomas O'Gorman, the compiler of the pedigree of Count O'Reilly, changed the prerix, because he found it O'Gormain in some poems, and all the higher branches of the family have adopted the same change. This family is to be distinguished from the "O'Gormans" of " Clonmacnoise," who took the surname of Mac Cuinn na m-Bocht. 11 Ui Bu'uUie. — The territory of this tribe is called Crioch O'Muighe [which is intend- ed forCriochUa m-Buidhe] by Oh-Uidhrin in his topographical poem, in which it is described as on the west side of the River 214 Leahaji blijio a paino 6 pig ^yiibli cpi Foi^j', cpi pichchilla. Ochc n-eich olijeap laech pf ^ai[j]pi ochc (5)-coin polrha, puileacha, Bearbha (Barrow), which divides it from Ui Muireadhaigh. This helps us to fix its position ; for we learn from the Life of St. " Abban" published by Colgan {Acta Sanc- torum, xiii. p. 617, c. 25), that "Ceall Abbain" is in the territory of " Huamidhe," who, Colgan says in note 30, page 623, is " 1 1 nam udhe" -in Codice Salmanticensi : " Post haec Sanctus Abbanus cum suis clericis lines Laginensium intravit, et venit in plebem Huathmarchy [Hua barchi in Cod. Sal.] et ipsa plebs honorifice recepit eum, et valde gavisa est in ejus adventu. Et vir sanctus benedixit earn diligenter, et multis diversis languoribis ibi sanatis, et miraculis perpetratis, inde recessit in plebein Huamidhi [Huamudi in Cod. Sal.], ibique magnum monasterimn construxit ; et propter honorem ejus in eodem loco civi- tas sedificata est; et monasterium et ci vitas mio nomine Scotice vocantur Ceall Abbain, quod interpretatur Latine Cella Abbani." The annotator of the Feilire Aenghuis, at 27th October, and the O'Clerighs, in their Irish Calendar, at 16th March, place Cill Abbain in Ui Muireadhaigh ; but this is evidently a mistake for Ui Muighe, for we learn from O h-Uidhrin that the ter- ritories of Crioch O'Muighe and Crioch m-Barrtha were on the west side of the Bearbha, and Ui Muireadhaigh on the east sick' of the same river, which formed the boundary between them; and the old church and parish of " Killabban," are on the west side of the river, in the barony of " Bally - adams" and Queen's County. From the situation of Killabban and of Tullamoy [Gulac Llam-6ui6e], and the old church near " Timahoe," in the same county, it is quite evident that the territory of Crioch O'm-Buidhe, or O'Muighe, is included in the present barony of Bally - adams. After the establishment of sur- names the chief family of this territory took the surname of O'Caellnidhe (now " Kealy" and " Kelly"), but this name is to be distinguished from O'Ceallaigh, of which name there were two respectable families seated in the adjoining territories of Gailine and Magh Druchtain. ° The king of Gab/ial, i. e. the king of the province of Laighin or Leinster — This is still the name of a river which flowed through a wood called Fidli Gaibhle (Feegile or Figila), in the parish of Cloon- sast, barony of "Coolestown," King's Co. See the Ordnance map of the King's County, sheets 19, 27, 28. In the Book of Leinster, T. C. D., H. 2, 18, fol. 112, a., is quoted a poem of St. Bearchan, the patron saint of " Cloonsast," who states that the wood de- rived its name from the River Gabhal, and tli at the river is called Gabhal from the gabhal, fork, which it forms at the junction of Cluain Sasta and Cluain Mor. The river is now called Fidh Gaibhle, though the wood has disappeared. P Laeighis A tribe giving name to a territory in the Queen's county, descended from Laeighseach Ceann-mhor, the son of Conall Cearnach, chief of the heroes of the Craebh Ruadh, or Red Branch, in Ulster in na ^-Cectjir. 215 Entitled are they to a dividend from the king of Gabhal , To three rings, three chess-boards:. Eight steeds are due to the heroic kii Eight fleet, quick-eyed hounds, of Laeiah the tirst century. Lughaidh Laeighseach, the son of Laeighseaeh Ceann-mhor, ob- tained this territory from the king of Laighin (Leinster), in the reign of the mo- nareli Feidlimidh Reachtmhar, for the as- sistance which he afforded in expelling the men of Munster, who had seized upon Os- raidhe and all the province as far as the ford of Ath Truistean, near the hill of Mul- lach Maistean (Mullaghmast). See Trans- lation of the Annals of " Clonmacnoise," by Connell Mageoghegan, and Keating's History of Ireland, reign of Feidhlimidh Reachtmhar. This territory originally comprised the present baronies of "East and West Maryborough," " Stradbally," and " Culleuagh," in the Queen's County. The churches of Disert mic Guillinn, Cluaiti Eidhneach, Cill Faelain, Menedroichet Ea- nach Truim (now Annatrim, in Upper ' >ssory), CluainFota, and Bochluain, were in it. See the Irish Calendar of the i ►'Clerighs at 2nd January, 17th February, 16th September, 3rd and 29th November; ,iiid the Feilire Aenghuis, at 2nd and 20th January, 21st February, 3rd March, 4th April, 11th, 12th, and 20th June, 23rd August, 16th Sept., 6th and 13th October, 3rd, 13th, and 20th November. And on the increasing power of the tribe thej at- tached the territories of Crioch O m-Buidhe and Crioch m- Bairn-lie, or the baronies of " Ballyadams," and " Slievemargy," so that modem Irish antiquaries have consi- dered Laeighis("Leix"or "Lesia") as co- extensive with the Queen's County. See Ussher's Primordia, pp. 818, 943. This, however, is a great error, for the baronies of " Portnahinch," and " Tinnahinch," in that county, were a part of Ui Failghe (Offaly), before the reign of Philip and Mary. The barony of " Upper Ossory," except a small portion at Annatrim, near Mountrath, belonged to the ancient king- dom of Osraidhe (Ossory), and the baronies of " Ballyadams" and " Slievemargy" were uot originally a part ofLaeighis, but be- longed to families of the race of the Lein- ster Irish monarch Cathaeir Mor. Dr. O'Conor mistakes the situation of this ter- ritory altogether. See Anna!™ Tighernaehi, p. 96, where he writes: " Lagisia sita erat ad occidentalem Lirfiei marginem, eratque posterioribus saeculis regio famitiae nobilis O'More." After the establishment of sur- names the chief family of Laeighis took the surname of O'Mordha (now called O'More, Moore, &c.) from Mordha ( Ma jestictts), the twenty-fifth in descent from Conall Cearnach, and this name is now- very numerous in Leinster. Garrett Moore, Esq., of Cloghan Castle, in the King's Comity, is supposed to be of this race, hut no evidence has been yet discovered to prove his pedigree beyond the year 10 11, or to show that he is of the Irish race. .lames O'More, of Ballina, in the county of Kildare, who was the contemporary and correspondent of Charles O'Conor of Bela- nagare, was the last head of this family. He was the lineal descendant of Rudhraidhe O'Mordha (Rorj or Roger O'More) oi 216 Leabhaji ochc pceich im-a pcailib penna, ochc leanoa, occ luipeaca. Se h-eich o'[U]ib Cpimchanoan cmbio, pe Doirh j n-a n-oeaj pomal 91 , pe cuipn, lp beici 'n-a n-jlacaib 92 , pe macail, cean meapujao. t)eich n-eich, beich (5)-cuipn ip oeich (5)-clai6irh, oeich (b)-pailji, cean meapujao do pi h-Ua pail^i mac Carafp cean caehaip, — ip t>eaj polao. lac pin cuapipcla pt£ Caijean a luirin jloin map jlan copao 93 6 aipo-pij ^aibli acup ^abpan, ip comlan in ceapcujao CGGTCU. t)0 ChlSGlS ocup do biacuib 6aijean ano po : 1641, and died without male issue towards the establishment of surnames the chief fa- the close of the last century. The present mily of this territory took the surname of Richard More O'Ferrall, M. P., is his re- O'Duibh, which is probably that now an- presentative in the female line. See Me- glicized to " Deevy" and " Devoy," which moirs of the Life and Writings of Charles are still common in the district. (T Conor of Belanagare, pp. 165-168. r The king of the race of Failghe, son of 1 Ui Criomhthannan This territory, Cathaeir, i. e. the king of the Ui Failghe, which was a part of Laeighis, is included or descendants of Ros Failghe, the eldest in the present barony of "East Marybo- son of Cathaeir Mor. See page 193, note b , rough," for we learn from O'h-Uidhrin's mpra. The country of their tribe was very topographical poem, and from the pedigrees extensive before the English invasion, for of the seven septs of Laeighis, given in the we have the clearest evidence to prove that Rooks of Leacan and Baile an Mhuta, and it comprised the present baronies of " East in the genealogical compilation by Dubh- and West Ophaly," in the county of Kil- altach Mac Firbisigh (Marquis of Droghe- dare; those of " Portnahinch" and "Tin- da's copy, p. 221), that it extended around nahinch," in the Queen's County ; and that the fortress of Dunmasc (Dunamasc). Ac- portion of the King's County, comprised cording to the Fetfire Aenghuis, and the in the diocese of " Kildare and Leighlin." Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 12th Sec Battle of Magh Rath, p. 243. The February, the church of Teach Daimhain churches of Cill Achaidh Droma Foda, or (Tidowan), was in this territory. After ('ill Achaidh Sinchill, Cluain Mor, Cluain ncc 5-Ceapu. 21 Eight shields against which spears are shivered. Eight tunics, eight coats of mail. Six steeds to the Ui Criomhthannan q are ordained, Six oxen in good condition, Six drinking-horns to hold in their hands, Six matals, without mistake. Ten steeds, ten drinking-horns and ten swords, Ten rings, without mistake, To the king of the race of Failghe, son of Cathaeir r , Without reproach, — it is good profit. These are the stipends of the king of Laighin (Leinster), From a pure hand as pure profit, From the supreme king of Gabhal and Gabhran s , Very perfect is the adjustment THE EIGHT. OF THE TRIBUTES and refections of Laighin here: Fearta Mughaine, Ciiil Beamichair (Cool- banagher), Chain Sosta (Cloonsost), and Cluain-imorrois, were in this territory. See the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 16th January, 3rd September, and 6th and 20th October; and the Feilire Aenghuis,a.t 29th and 31st March, 25th April, 25th June, 3rd September, 6th and 20th October, and 4th December. After the establishment of surnames the chief family of this great tribe took the sur- name of O'Conchobhair, Anglicd O'Conor, from Conchobhar, the nineteenth in descent from Cathaeir Mor, and remained in great power in the territory till the reign of Phi- lip and Mary, when they were dispossessed, after which period O'Diomasaigh, Anglice ( ('Dempsey, became the great family of the race, and remained in possession of a con- siderable part i if Ui Failghe till the Revolu- tion in 1688. Shortly after the English invasion the Fitzgeralds of Kildare wrested from O'Conchobhair Failghe (O'Conor Faly), and his correlatives, that portion of his original territory of Ui Failghe which is comprised in the present county of Kil- dare. There were then two "Offalys," formed out of the ancient Ui Failghe, namely, the " English Ophaley," in the county of Kildare, giving the title of Baron to a branch of the Fitzgeralds, and the Irish Ui Failghe, extending into the present King's and Queen's counties, and giving the Irish title of Righ Ua bh-Failghe, or king of Ui Failghe (Offaly), to O'Conchobhair Failghe (O'Conor Faly), the senior repre- sentative of Ros Failghe, the eldest son of Cathaeir Mor, monarch of Ireland in the second century. 8 King of Gabhal and Gabhran, i. e. king of Leinster. Gabhal and Gabhran being two remarkable places in Leinster, 218 Ceccbhap Seache (g)-ceac bpac 6 ^(h)allaib ann po cheubup, oo chup nu cana pin, acup 94 peachc (5)-ceae cinbi acup peachc [(5)-ceae] cope acup peachc (jrj-ceae mole acup peuchc (j)-ceac oarh, [peace (5)-ceao bo], 6 ^(h)alluib unb pin. Od cheb luljach acup ceac cope acup ceao bpac 6 Popehua- chuib Caijean. Ni icaio pil Piachach, no pil TCopa Pdilji, ache biachao aiochi oo pij Caijean, ma eheip a n-odil ppi ^allaib paip, no ppi (h)-Llib Weill po ehuaio, no ppi lTlurhain po oeap. Ceo mapc, imoppo, acup ceao bo acup ceao cope acup ceao cinbi 6 6aep pinib a (b)-peapann. Od cheb bo acup pechc (£)-ceo mole acup peachc (5)-ceab 9s mapc acup bd ceb bpac acup od cheo bam 6 na peace (b)-PoehapcaiB. Seache (5)-ceae bo, [peace (£)-ceao eopc] acup peace (£)-ceao mole acup peachc (5)-ceab mapc 6 na peace Caijpib 6aigin mo pin. Od cheo mapc acup bd chec bo acup bd ceac bpac oo Oppaibib [6 Oppaibib, 6 peapaib £ui jeun, B.] inb pin. Heimio acup upao acup unach acup polcao, imoppo, 6 chocap- eaib na jpdo peini 96 acd h-ipleam leo. Copcaip [imoppo] acup puu acup pndch oeapj acup ;$lap acup olanb pinb acup blaan acup bino- edn 6'n luche acd peapp oo chocapcaib. lTId ppepaie; no md cheachcuib mo pin od chuibeip popehu" 7 . Cach cpeap bliuoun bin iceap na cfpa pin anuap, ceanmocha mop-chip pi£ Gpeann ue puppa bipamup. Conio ooib-pin po can in pui [buuba] i. 6enen: COJSCl!J5, a 6aijmu na laech, pip in" peanchap nach pip' 19 baeeh, a n-blijeanb 100 do chip chalma pi Cualann ip comlabpa 101 . Seache (g)-ceae cinoi, pechc (5)-ceao cope, pechc (5)-ceao oum, peuchc (5)-ceuo n-oedj ririole, are here by bardic license put for the whole 17, note :1 , supra. province. See page 214, note °, and page ' King of Cualann, i. c. of Leinstei net 5-Ceapc. 210 Seven hundred cloaks from the Galls here imprimis, as a beginning of that tribute, and seven hundred tinnes and seven hundred hogs and seven hundred wethers and seven hundred oxen, seven hundred cows from the Galls too. Two hundred milch cows and a hundred hogs and a hundred cloaks from Forthuatha Laighean. The race of Fiacha, or the race of Ros Failghe, do not pay aught except a night's refection to the king of Laighin (Leinster), if he should go to a meeting eastwards to the Galls, or northwards to the Ui Neill, or to Munster southwards. But a hundred beeves and a hundred cows and a hundred hogs and a hundred tinnes are rendered by the unfree tribes of their lands. Two hundred cows and seven hundred wethers and seven hundred beeves and two hundred cloaks and two hundred oxen from the seven Fotharta. Seven hundred cows, seven hundred hogs and seven hundred wethers and seven hundred beeves from the seven Laeighse of Laighin. Two hundred beeves and two hundred cows and two hundred cloaks from the Osraidhe. Wood and renewing (uradh) and washing and cleansing, moreover, are due of the cocarts of the inferior grades among them. [To supply] purple and ruu and red and grey thread and white wool and blaan and bindean is due of the best of the cocarts. If they render this [it is well] ; or if they neglect to do so a double proportion [is to be levied] upon them. Every third year the above tributes are paid, except the great tribute of the king of Eire as we have said above. And it was of these the gifted sage Benean sang : HEARKEN, Laighne of heroes, To the history that is not ever foolish, What noble tribute is due To the king of Cualann 1 is to be mentioned. Seven hundred tinnes, seven hundred hogs, Seven hundred oxen, seven hundred good wethers, Cualann being a part put for the whole tification of the Feara Cualann, page 13, province by poetic license. See the iden- note ''. supra. 220 Leablicqi peachc (j)-ceac bpac ip pecc ceao bo 102 6 chuachaib ^all a n-aen 16. t)a cent) do bpacaib, ni bpej, ceao do chopcaib, cpom in cpeao 103 , acup oa dear luljach luach 6 poipb pinib na (b)-popchuach. Ni oleajap cip — comoll n-gloin 104 , 6 Uib cp66a 10i Cenopealai^; pop a (b)-poipb' 06 pinib, nach pano, chaichio in 107 peap p-a' pepano. Cumal acup cip lp cam ni icaiD h-Ui pailji in aij oo pi Caigean, met h-uap peachc, ache cuid aiochi ap aioijeachc 108 . Ceo mapc 6 each chuaich nach olb, la ceao m-bo, beapap oo'n pi j, ceac cope acup ceac cinDi 6 109 oamaib na oaep-pine. O na pocha|icaib uili oleajap oa cheo bo buioi acup oa cheo bpac cana 110 , oa cheo n-japg 111 6am n-gabala. t)d ceao mapc, lp mop in plichc, oa ceac bpac lp oa ceac bo blicc" 2 , " The territories of the Galls These tory of " Fingall," extending about fifteen were the possessions of the Norse or Danish miles north of Dublin. tribes, in the vicinity of Dublin. The ex- v Forthuatha — See page 207, note •', tent of their possessions is very uncertain, supra. and may have varied from time to time, w UiCeinnsealaigh. — See page 208, n. ", but it is generally believed that the Lein- supra. ster Danes possessed Dublin and the terri- x Ui Failghe — See page 216, note r , rici 5-Cecqir. 221 Seven hundred cloaks and seven hundred cows From the territories of the Galls" in one day. Two hundred cloaks, no falsehood, A hundred hogs, heavy the herd, And two hundred lively milch-cows From the land of the tribes of the Forthuatha'. No tribute is due — a fair compact, From the brave Ui Ceinnsealaigh w ; Upon their own tribe-lands, which are not poor, They spend the grass and the land. Cumhal or rent or tribute The valiant Ui Failghe* do not pay To the king of Laighin, but, if in time of expedition, A night's refection on visiting. A hundred beeves from each district [which is] not of them, With a hundred cows, are given to the king, A hundred hogs and a hundred tinnes (salted pigs) From the hosts of the unfree tribes. From all the Fotharta y Are due two hundred goodly cows And two hundred cloaks of tribute, Two hundred rough oxen of the yoke. Two hundred beeves, great the progeny, Two hundred cloaks and two hundred milch-cows, supra. Bri Eile (Croghan), in the north-east of y All the Fotharta See page 211, n. J, the King's County; and Fothart Oirthir supra. Besides the baronies of " Forth," Life, in the now county of Wicklow ; but one in the county Carlow, and the other in these sank under other tribes at an early the county Wexford, there were other ter- period, and the probability is, that the Fo- ritories of the name in Leinster, as Fothart tharta of Carlow and Wexford are the Airbreach, around the hill of Cruachan people referred to in the text. 222 Leabliaji ou cheo mole, maieh in chabaip, 6 na 6aijnib t)eap-jabuip. Seache (£)-ceae bo al-Caijpib luacha, . peachc (5)-ceae cope cap na cuuehu peace (j)-ceac mapc a" 3 ITIaj £,aijean peachc (j)-ceac mole cap mop jaineam. Qc pin cip m a euaeh ^n-a ep6ib, oo pij Caijean 6 ^aijnib. ni ba pat nach 115 ploinopea in ceapc; lp coip oo each a cloipeeachc 116 C. Na 1 " saerc-chisa, piichc ao cuap, ie£ po paio-peam anuap, 6 paep-clanoaib olijic 113 pin, bio pop peapano a n-echcaip. Ma oaep-clar.oa, — ofch nach ceap" 9 , bfo pop 120 a peapannn oileap; oaep-chip uaioib, ipe a pip, oo bpeich co ouinib 121 aipo-pij. lp h-e cfp oleajap oib pin oo chonoao lp oo nemeao m : upao a bpac, buan an moo, cip o'unao acup o'polcao 123 . tDleajap oo'n luce lp peapp oib puu 124 lp copcaip co cain 125 bpij z Laighne Deas-ghabhair See page the O'Clerighs, at 18th May, where it is 194, note e, supra. stated that the church of Claenadh (Clane) a Laeighse See page 214, n. P, supra. in the county of Kildare, is situate "z See Annals of Ulster, A. D. 792. n- Uibh Faelain a Muigh Laighen," in Ui b Magh Laighean, i. e. campus Lagenia, Faelain in Magh Laighean. See also the the plain of Leinster. This is another name former at 3rd May, note on Conlaedh, Bi- for the territory of the Ui Faelain. See the shop of Kildare, at 3rd May ; and Annals Feilire Aenghuis, and the Irish Calendar of of the Four Masters at the years 998, 1091, na 5-Ceapn. 223 Two hundred wethers, good the assistance, From the Laighne* Deas-ghabhair. Seven hundred cows from the quick Laeighse a , Seven hundred hogs over the districts, Seven hundred beeves from Magh Laighean 1 ', Seven hundred wethers over the great sand. Such is the tribute [paid] from the country of his tribes, To the king of Laighin by the Laighne (Leinstermen), He is not truly learned who -will not name the right; It is right for all to hear it HEARKEN. THE FREE TRIBUTES, as I have heard, Are they which we have above mentioned, Of the noble tribes these are due, Who are upon lands external [to the mensal lands]. The unfree tribes c , — a condition not oppressive, That are on his [the king's] own lands; Servile rent by them, it is the truth, Is to be supplied to the palaces of the chief king. The tribute which is due of these [Is] of fire-bote and wood; [Also] the renewing of his cloaks, constant the practice, A tribute in washing and in cleansing. There is due of the best party of them Ruu and purple of fine strength, and 1171. For the extent of the country given at full length in the Books of Leacan of the UiFaelain, for which Magh Laighean and Baile an Mhuta. D.Mac Firbisigh is here substituted as an alias name, see traces the pedigree of their king, Domhnall page 205, note a , supra. Ua or Mac Fearghail, to Mesincorb, son of c Unfree tribes The unfree tribes or Cucorb, king of Leinster, in twenty-seven daer-ehlanna of Leinster are not mentioned generations. This is the Domhnall Mac by their surnames ; but the people called Fearghail, Righ Forthuatha Laighean, who Forthuatha Laighean, who were not all was slain in the battle of Cluain Tarbh slaves, bore various surnames, which are (Clontarf). 224 Leabhctji pnach oeapj, olano pinb, ni chel, blaan buioi acup binoean. Na oaep-clanoa cean oeilb'- 6 n-oll ceichio pe cip 6 peccant) 1 * 7 a 6a chuibeip oleajap Gib na cucpao 6 n-achap chip. Nocho oliijeano cuaipo co cean& m 6 pij choicio na h-Gipino pili nach piapapa pin a chfpa 'p-a chuapipcuil 1 ' 29 . t)lea£aio caeca lp cuaipe lp cpoo 6 gach pij ap a piachc pon 130 pilij nop 131 pinbpa co peib cuapipeol.pdp;— coipnj 132 . . COISCI^ a CCIlg. 66N6N [ono] do 133 cacain ann po do peancup ^all Qcha Cliach. aca sunt) secmchas, puaipe, pean 5) lp maich le peapaib Gipino p c hap Qca Cliach, ni chel, arhail po pacaib &enen. t)ia (o)-cainic chuaio a Cearhpaib h-ua Deocham in oeij cheajlaij o'Qppcal 6peacan acup 6peaj nip chpeic Caejaipi lanriieap. 6ui6 oeipil 6anba buioi h-ua Deochain, in oedj oume, d The descendant of the Deacon, i. e. St. e Breagh — A part of East Meath corn- Patrick, recfe son of the deacon. In the prising five cantreds or baronies. Seep. 11, Confessio it is said : " Patrem habui Calpor- note z , stiprct. nium diaconum, filium quondam Potiti f Laeghaire.— According to Tireachan's presbvteri." Annotations on the Life of St. Patrick, the na 5-Ceapc. 225 Red thread, white wool, I will not conceal it, Yellow blaan and binnean. From the nnfree tribes of ignoble countenance, Who fly with the rent from the land, Twice as much is due As they had carried off from their fatherland. Not entitled to formal visitation From a provincial king of Eire Is the poet who knows not these His tributes and his stipends. Entitled to esteem, to visitation and wealth, From every king to whom he goeth, Is the poet who knows well The stipend and tribute ; hear ye HEARKEN. Benean sang this concerning the history of the Galls (foreigners) of Ath Cliath (Dublin): THERE IS HERE A HISTORY pleasant [and] smooth, Which is agreeable to the men of Eire; The profits of Ath Cliath (Dublin) I will not conceal, As Benean has fixed them. When northwards to Teamhair (Tara) came The descendant (son) of the Deacon d of the goodly household, In the apostle of Britain and of Breagh e The vigorous Laeghaire f did not believe. Passed, right-hand- wise, by fertile Banbha (Ireland) The descendant (son) of the Deacon, the good man, monarch Laeghaire never believed in Chris- foedus pepigit ut non occideretur in regno tianity, but he permitted Patrick to preach illius ; sed non potuit credere, dicens, the Gospel. The passage is as follows : ' Nam Neel pater meus non sinivit mihi " Perrexit ad civitatern Temro, ad Loiga- credere, sed ut sepeliar in cacuminibus rium, filium Neill, iterum quia apud ilium Temro quasi viris consistentibus in bello : Q 22 6 Leabhap co (o)-copach m Dim na n-^jall n-jlcm do chobaip clano mac TTIileao. lp h-e pa" 6 pij a n-Gch Cliach cpuaio, oia (o)-camic pdopaic a euaio, Qilpin mac Goilachaij' 37 oo cloinb t)omnaill T3ub-6amai£. Qn la cainic co h-Gch Cliach Paopaic ITIacha na mop [p]iacli" 8 , lp ano pop puc bdp ba^ach aen mac Gilpin imnapach. Gonabap co h-ua n-Deochain 119 aen mac pi£ ^jall, gaipg Gochaio, quia utuntur gentiles in sepulehris armati prumptis arm is facie ad faciam usque ad diem Erdathe apud Magos, i. e.judicii diem Domini." — Book of Armagh, fol. 10, a. 2. S Fort of the foreigners This is in- tended to denote Dun Duibh-linne, the fort of the black pool (Dublin). h Ailpin, the son of Eolathach, of the race of Domhnatt Dubh-dhamhach No- thing has been discovered in the authentic Irish Annals to show that there was ever such a king at Dublin. The names here mentioned are not Norse ones, and it seems quite certain that the Northmen never at- tempted to make any settlement in Ireland before the reign of Donnchadh, son of Domhnall, A. D. 794 (795), when, ac- cording to the Annals of Ulster, they made the first descent on the island of Reach- rainn, off the north-east coast of Ireland We learn from Irish history that Tuathal Teachtmhar, monarch of Ireland in the se- cond century, married the daughter of Seal Balbh, king of Finland, and that Una, Danish princess, was the mother of Conn of the Hundred Battles. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. cc. 56, 60, but no refer- ence is made to a Norwegian colony being settled in Ireland in any other authority except this and Jocelin's Life of St. Pa- trick. No authority has been found in either the Scandinavian or Irish histories, annals, or sagas to suggest that they had any set- tlement on this part of the coast in or near Dublin before the year 836, when they en- tered the Boinn (Boyne) with a fleet of sixty sail, and the Life (Liffey) with ano- ther fleet of sixty sail, and plundered the plains of Magh Breagh and Magh Life, and in the same year established a colony at Ath Cliath or Dublin. Nor were they converted to Christianity till about the year 948. See Ware's works, vol. v. cap. 69, p. 60. Jocelin, in his Life of St. Pa- trick, states that the Irish apostle depart- ing from the borders of Midhe (Meath), directed his steps towards Laighin (Lein- ster), and having passed the River Finglas, came to a certain hill almost a mile distant from Ath Cliath, and, casting his eyes na 5-Ceajic. 227 Until he reached the fort of the fine Galls (foreigners 5 ) To relieve the race of the sons of Mileadh (Milesius). He who was king of hardy Ath Cliath, When Patrick came from the north [from Teamhair], Was Ailpin, son of Eolathach, Of the race of Domhnall Dubh-dhamhach' 1 . The day on which at Ath Cliath arrived Patrick of Macha 1 of great revenues, On the same [day] cruel death had taken off The only son of valorous Ailpin. They brought to the descendant (son) of the Deacon The only son of the king of the Galls (foreigners), the fierce EochaidhJ, round the place and the circumjacent country, he is said to have pronounced this prophecy : " Pagus iste nunc exiguus, exi- mius erit ; divitiis et dignitate dilatabitur : nee crescere cessabit, donee in regni solium sublimetur." But this gatherer and beau- tifier of the popular legends respecting St. Patrick soon forgets himself (or his work has been unfairly interpolated by some modern scribes to serve a purpose), for in the next chapter but one he, in fabling language, introduces St. Patrick into the noble city of Dublin, which had been built by the Norwegians, (Norwagia ct insularum populis), and which was then governed by a king, Alpinus, the son of Eochadh, from whose daughter Dub- linia, forsooth, the city took its name. See Ussher's Primordia, pp. 861, 862; and Harris's History of the City of Dublin, p. 6. This is evidently the story which is said in the prose text to be taken from the Psalter of Caiseal, and for which the autho- rity of St. Benean is there alleged, but which cannot be as old as the year 836, when the Northmen first settled in Dublin. The old lives of St. Patrick state that he proceeded from Meath to Naas, which was then the residence of the kings of Leinster, and this is evidently the truth, as appears from the whole stream of Irish history. Dr. Lanigan thinks that this fable of the conversion of Ailpin, king of the Norwegians of Dublin, by St. Patrick, " was undoubtedly fabri- cated at Armagh," and that "either Joce- lin was induced, in compliment to his pa- tron, the Archbishop Thomas, to insert it in his book, or that it was foisted by some other hand into his MS." — Eccl. Hist. Ireland, vol. i. pp. 275, 276. ' Of Macha, i. e. of Ard Macha (Armagh). J Eochaidh. — This name is Irish, and denotes, eques, horseman. The Scandina- vian nations had no such name. See Col- gan, Trias Thaum., page 563, note 4; and Acta Sanctorum, page 114, note 3. Q2 228 Uabliap Diu chpdb aeup oia cheljao, — bo'n Gppoal pob lmbeap^ao. " t)d 140 (o)-cuccd anmain anb pm, a cleipij chdio, churhaccaij, plechcpab duid 'c-on (5)-Coill Cheanaino, plechcpaio ^aill in jlaip peapainb." achc oe FO paib uiii peapaib Gpeann, macaib, mnaib, pceo mjeanaib, — plaich beanoacc, bal 1 beanoacc, buan beanoacc. plan beanoacc, pap beanoacc, pip beannacc, beannacc niriie, nel benoacc, beanoacc mapa, mepc beanoacc, beanoacc chip), copao beanoacc, beanoacc opuchca, beannacc aici 4 , beanoacc jaili, beanoacc jaipcio, beanoacc gochu, beanoacc gnima, beanoacc opoan, bennacc aine popatb uili laechaib, cleipchib, cein 3 popcongpaio beannacc peap nirhe, lp mo ebepc op bich beannacc." . . . 6GNOQCU. Mi olij cuaipo a (5)-cuiceao 1 n-Gpinn [in] pill nuc piapapa cip acup cuapipcail 4 in cuiceao pin, ariiail ac 5 beapc t)ubcac mac h-Lli Cujaip 6 po. •' Dubhtkach Mac Ui Lughair. — He or Tara. lie was the instructor of Fiech, was chief poet of Ireland, and the first who afterwards became Bishop of Sleibhte convert made by St Patrick at Teamhair (Sletty or Sleaty), near Carlow. Colgan net 5-Ceapc. 235 VI. THE BENEDICTION OF ST. PATRICK, AND THE PRIVI- LEGES OF THE KINGS OF EIRE AT TEAMHAIR. PATRICIUS HANC BENEDICTIONEM PRO HABITATO- R1BUS HIBERNI^E INSULA DEDIT ; and Patrick said this : " THE BLESSING OF GOD upon you all, Men of Eire, sons, women, And daughters; prince-blessing, Good blessing, perpetual blessing, Full blessing, superlative blessing, Eternal blessing, the blessing of heaven, Cloud-blessing, sea- blessing, Fruit-blessing, land-blessing, Produce- blessing, dew-blessing, Blessing of the elements, blessing of prowess, Blessing of chivalry, blessing of voice, Blessing of deeds, blessing of magnificence. Blessing of happiness, be upon you all, Laics, clerics, while I command The blessing of the men of heaven, It is my bequest, as it is a perpetual blessing." THE BLESSING. No poet is entitled to visitation of a province in Eire, who does not know the tribute and stipend of that province, as Dubhthach Mac Ui Lughair a said here. says that lie had in his possession some of tant penes me diversa hujus inter suos the poems composed by this Dubhthach. Celebris viri opuscula, alibi saepius ci- — See Trias Thaum., p. 8, n. 5. "Ex- tanda." St. Patrick called at the house of 236 teabhap NI Df,l£> cuaipc no ceunbai^euchc, dp ni pili^ pip-eolach 1 (b)-peibm eolaip llchpochaij, menib co peij peapapa cipa ceanba lp cuapipcla copbao uili eipneioe lap n-upb 7 eolaip llclanoaij 6 chopach co oeij. Ni olij cuaipc a (5)-cain choiceao do choiceaoaib cloch 5anba, map 8 lmchuaipc en cuaichi, — iriao oia (b)-pea£chap 9 pipinbi, — . pilij nach opon oeachpaijpeap pochap, oochap oilmaine bpechc each chipi chic: ip ano lp pat 10 peanchaoa in can leajap lepjnirha mopi Grhip" uaip. lp ano ip ail ollavhan, arhail oil cean inopcuchao, in can cuiceap cuapipcla la cipa cean chunncobaipe, conup uili inoippea in each aipeachc apb: napab poicheach pean apuipe, up chpob na ap chcupo-pine 1 -, uip ni plumopea pean bpecha peap co (g)-copup, coinbipcle : nipab napach noipeaoach ap rhiab na ap rhop aicme, menip 13 pariilaib paimjeup 14 — a pocap ni blij. HI [0£l£}.] this poet, who resided in Ui Ceinseallaigh, pal dignity. See Ir. Gram, by J. O'Dono- near the present town of Carlow, when the van, App. II., p. 437, where the account latter recommended his disciple Fiech as a of the meeting of Patrick and Fiaeh is person iitted to lie promoted to the episco- given from the Annotations of Tireachon, ncc 5-Ceapc. 237 NO ONE IS ENTITLED to visitation or sale [of his poems], For he is not a truly learned poet In the vise of various kinds of knowledge, Unless he knows distinctly The ample tributes and stipends That may all be rendered According to their various modes of distribution From beginning to end. Not entitled to visitation in any fair province Of the provinces of famous Banbha, Nor to the circuit of any chieftainry, — If justice be observed, — Is any poet who will not directly distinguish The advantages, the disadvantages of the dignity Of his poems in each territory he enters : When he is a learned historian, It is when he has read all the actions Of the isle of noble Eibhear b . It is then he is a rock of an ollamh, Like a rock immoveable, When he comprehends the stipends And the tributes without doubt, So that he can recite them all In each noble meeting : Let him not be an old rusty vessel Influenced by Avealth or friendship, For, exploded judgments should not be pronounced By a man of justice and mercy: He shall not be able to bind usages On the great or noble tribe, Unless thus he variously distinguishes — To his emoluments he is not entitled. NO ONE IS ENTITLED. and compared with the Tripartite Life as b Isle of noble Eibhear, i. e. Eire of published by Colgan. As to this rithlearg Ireland. Eibhear was the eldest son or see Battle of Magh Rath, p. 154, and p. 192, Mileadh or Milesius, and the ancestor of the n. a , supra. dominant families of Munster. 238 Leabhcqi [Conio ap na cuapapclaib pin anuap ajup ap na cipaib po cacain 6enean hoc capmen ur Ppalcepium Caipil oycic] : ceaniaiR, ceach a m -bi m ac Cu.no, popao 15 na laech a £iach-opuim, acd lim-pa oo rhebaip a n-oipi bo oeij-peapaib 16 . Cach pi jebup Uearhaip rheano' 7 , acup ceachcbup lach n-6peano ,s! , ipe apa'pe oib uile oo pluaj 6anba bapp-buioi' 9 . ffldo pij oileap oo Uheurhaip bup oeach 20 oo na oeij-peapaib jiallao cach co puici 21 a cheach oo'n pij pip-en, pip-bpeacac. t)leajap oe-porii 22 peip na plo£ ace co (o)-clpao 'n-a chinol, oleajap oib-peom jeill" cach pip ace co (o)-cipao co Ceaii.aip 24 C UeamCllTC nocho oip oo-pon minba peanchaio pdp popaio 25 , co n-inoipeao o'd puipi 20 cuapipcal cuch aen ouine. Hd capoao cap ceapc co neach, co nach puca 27 pein gu bpearh ; nd oeancap oebaio 'n-a chij, odij ip jfeip mop o'd jeapaib- s . Co nach oedpna cocao coin, pe ploj'- 9 choicio Choncobaip, 'Liath-druim, one of the names of the hill d The province of Conchobhar, i. e. of of Teamhair (Tara). See p. 144, n. l , supra. Uladh or Ulster, so called from Conchobhar net 5-Ceanc. 239 And it was concerning these stipends and tributes following Be- nean sang this song, as the Psalter of Caiseal has said: TEAMHAIR, THE HOUSE in which resided the son of Conn, The seat of the heroes on Liath-druim c , I have in memory Their stipends to the chieftains. Every king who occupies strong Teamhair, And possesses the land of Eire, He is the noblest among all The hosts of Banbha the fertile. If he be a rightful king of Teamhair It is right for the chiefs To make each of them submission even at his house To the just and justly-judging king. It is due of him to acknowledge the hosts When they come into his assembly, It is due of them to give hostages each man When they come to Teamhair TEAMHAIR. TEAMHAIR is not due to him Unless he be a very intelligent historian, So that he may tell his chieftains The stipend of every person. That he may not give beyond right to any one, That he himself may not pass a false sentence; That no quarrel take place in his house, For that is the great restriction of his restrictions. That he may not wage fierce war With the host of the province of Conchobhar d , Mae Neassa, king of that province, under rished about the period of the birth of whom the heroes of the Red Branch flou- Christ. 240 Ceabhap na palrhaijcheap Uearhaip 6e do chocao clanb TCuopaibi. tDlijio beich 1 (o)-Ueavhpaio 30 chpem acup each ic a oijpeip, mene epji pein pe 301I 31 ao piapaio Go a chuiceaoaij. t)cigit) rcig utao eamwa pleab 06 each peachcrhao Sarhna lp a cup 06 cean gainoi co bpui £,inbi 6uaichpinbi 32 . TTleo na pleibi a oeapap ano 33 00 pi Cearhpa na (b)-cpean lano 34 ba oabaio oec each leanoa, co n-a puipeac 35 pip-jpeama. t)ul co Cearhpaio 'n-a oeajaib 'n-a chinol 36 bo beij-peapaib; inomop 061b ap a n-aipceap 37 co (b)-pinbcaip 38 a (o)-cuapipcal. t)lijib pi Gathna THacha, boij nocho mac miblaca 39 , gach plaich jebup jopc n-jaine noch pa h-olc bo a 40 porhaine. OI1516 41 leach in ciji [ce] in ploj* 2 pin ©arhna lTlaichi, acup gabaio, — nf claen linb, ceipc-leach 43 ap aen pe 44 h-6ipino. Pin bo oail poppo 45 a (b)-Uearhpaio co 46 meaoaijeab a meanmain; ' Sows of Rudhraidhe These were the Eudhraidhe was monarch of Ireland, A. M. ancient inhabitants of Uladh or Ulster. 3 84 5, according to O'Flaherty's Chronology. net 5-Ceccjic. 241 That Teamhair be never wasted By war with the sons of Rudhraidhe e . It is his right to be at mighty Teamhair And all to him obedient ; If he himself break not his faith His provincialists to him are obedient. BOUND IS THE KING OF ULTONIAN EAMHAIN' To make him a feast every seventh Samhain [Allhallows] And that to be sent by him without scantiness To the margin of Linn Luaithrinne 8 . The extent of the feast here mentioned To the king of Teamhair of the mighty swords [is] . Twelve vats of each [kind of] ale, With a suitable quantity of best viands. [He is] to go to Teamhair after it With his assemblage of chieftains ; Wealth [is to be given] to them for their journey In coming to know their stipends. Entitled is the king of Eamhain Mhacha [to gifts], For he is not one who will fail of his succession, [And] every king who succeeds to a rightful inheritance Shall receive no despicable gifts. Entitled to half the warm house Is that host of Eamhain Mhacha, And they take, — it is no partiality of our's, The exact half fff [of the house] along with [the rest of] Eire. Wine is to be dealt out to them at Teamhair Until their spirits are increased ; 1 Eamhain See p. 22, 11. ', supra, plied to a part of the Boinn (Boyne). "Linn Lnuit/ninne, i.e. " pool of the fff Exact half, i.e. as large a share oi whirling ;" not identified, but probably ap- the house as all the rest of the men of Eire. 242 Ceabhaji cuipn bpeca co n-a m-beanbaib, poipni co n-a (b)-pichchillaib 47 . Coim leichio a h-aiochi 49 6'op oo'n pi bipeagpa, oirhop, bd ceac bo acup oa cheat) ech, bd ceao capbab, — ni claen bpech. t)d luing bee ap coblach com 49 6 pi Ueampa co (o)-rpeapaib a (5)-cup oo rhacaib placha 0615 lp conjaib inb lacha 50 . Oa pleij bee ap a m-bia nerii, ba claioeam beg map ealrain 51 , oa ebach bee each oacha pa chomaip mac n-dpb-placha. Roja cochmaipe a (b)-Ceampaio 00 pijnaib co po 52 menmain a cobaipe bo, ace co (o)-coja M ma bd poib a n-aencuma 54 . Comaipci jaei oeipg bdmaib bo pij Lilac llbdjaij; od poib a (D)-Ceampaio na (o)-cop nd 1dm neach a pdpugao. S Clothes of every color According to " Hoc item rege, vestes rubeo camileoque Keating's History of Ireland one color was colore infici eceperunt, et ad amictus varia used in the dress of a slave, two colors in ornamentorum genera artiticum manibus that of a plebeian, three in that of a soldier addi. Idem insuper instituit, ut plebeio- or young lord, four in that of a brughaidh nun et infimi ordinis hominum indumentis or public victualler, five in that of a lord unicus duntaxat inesset color, gregariorum of a tuath or cantred, and six in that of autem militum vestimenta duobus colori- an ollamh or chief professor of any of the bus ; nobilium Ephaborum tribus ; locu- liberal arts, and in that of the king and pletum villicorum quatuor ; tetrarchorum queen See Keating's History of Ireland, quinque ; eruditorum denique, Regurn et Haliday's edition, p. 322. The passage Reginarum, sex colorum varietate distin- is translated by Dr. Lynch as follows: guerentur." ncc 5-Ceajiu. 243 Variegated drinking-horns with their peaks, Sets [of chessmen] Avith their chess-boards. The full breadth of his face, of gold, To the great, matchless king, Two hundred cows and two hundred steeds, Two hundred chariots, — no partial decision. Twelve ships of the fleet of war From the king of Teamhair of battles [Are] to be sent for the sons of the chieftains Because they are acceptable presents. Twelve lances on which there is poison, Twelve swords with razor edges, Twelve suits of clothes of every color 8 For the use of the sons of the great chieftains. A choice of courtship at Teamhair Of princesses of highest minds [Is] to be given to himii, but so as he selects her If she (the princess) be unmarried. The protection of the red-hot javelin is given To the king of many-battled Uladh; [i. e.] If he be at Teamhair of lords That no one dare dishonor him'. h To be given to him, i. e. in marriage. it must be considered that marriage, ac- Aecording to the traditions at Taillte (Tell- cording to the rites and ceremonies of the town in Meath) all the marriages which ancient Irish Church, is intended by the took place in the kingdom were celebrated words in the text. there in Pagan times, but the contract ' That no one dare dishonor him, i. e. that lasted for twelve months only, at the expi- n o one violate his privileges. The word ration of which the parties might separate pdpujao is translated " dishonorare" by if they pleased. The Editor, however, has the original compiler of the Annals of Ulster, never been able to test the truth of this See Pinkerton's extracts from those Annals tradition by any written evidence. At the in his Inquiry into the History of Scotland, period to which this poem refers, the Chris- where he remarks that this word is pecu- tian religion prevailed in the country, and liarly Irish. For the various authorities r2 244 (.eabhaji ^aileanja po chip a each"; F'P 6peaj pa [p]6ipnib a ech i6 ; oa poib a 57 (b)-UeariipaiD chuachaib po peap lp b'a pip chuachaib. Q chuibpinb a (b)-eij Uhearhpa, copaioi bo mop 59 rhenma cpi pichic mape, pichi muc, pichi cinbi co cpean luce. Pichi glac lopa, bap lim, pichi uj pailinb poipinb 59 , pichi cliab 1 n-a m-biao beich Go , lp a (b)-cobaipc bo ap en leir. Ni olijeano ace mab pine 6 pij Ceariipa conn-jlaine 61 acup a beipim po 6t nt h-inanb pin ip nerhchni 62 . Qp pin ceib poirhe o'a chij 03 pig Cuailjni cup na cacaib 64 ; lap n-aipipim a aipcep bo pogail 65 a ruapapcail. Oo pi "Racha TTloip TTluiji 0I1516 po chpub, pijpaibi; ocnj 66 ipe ip uaiple aipceap ip ap cupca cuapipcol 67 . DI1516 — ce [pjiappaibib 69 pin? tninba h-e bup pi ap Uleaib 69 , which prove the exact meaning of the as if he were a naming sword or javelin ; word, see the Editor's translation of the and, therefore, any who sought his protec- second part of the Annals of the Four Mas- tion were absolutely safe, ters, note e under the year 1537, p. 1446. i Gaileanga — See p. 188, n. v , supra. The protection of the red-hot javelin means k Breagh See page 11, note z , and that the king of Uladh was as untouchable page 178, note a , supra. ncc 5-Ceapr. 245 The GaileangaJ [shall be] under rent [for the support] of his steeds ; The men of Breagh k under the troops of his horsemen ; If he be at Teamhair of tribes It is known that these are of his true territories. His portion in the house of Teamhair, Wherefor he should be of great cheerfulness, [Is] three score beeves, twenty pigs, Twenty tinnes (salted pigs) for his mighty people (the Ullta). Twenty handfuls of leeks, methinks, Twenty eggs of gulls along with them, Twenty baskets (hives) in which are bees, And all to be given to him together. He is entitled only to that From the king of fair- surfaced Teamhair ; And I say it twice (i. e. emphatically), That is not the same as nothing. Then forward to his mansion goeth The king of Cuailghne 1 with the battalions ; [And] after resting from his journey To distribute his stipends. To the king of Eath Mor Muighe m Is due great [and] kingly wealth ; For he is of the noblest on the journey And the first who receives his stipend. Entitled is he — shall any ask it? Unless he be king over the men of Uladh, 1 King of Cuuilgline, i. e. of Uladh or Louth. See p. 21, note r , sitpm. Ulster, from Cuailghne, the remarkable m RathMuighe, i.e. (lie king of Magli chain of mountains of that name in the Line, in which the chief residence was ancient Uladh, though now a part of mo- called Rath Mor Muighe Line. See page iern Leinster, in the north of the county of 170, note \ suprci. 246 Cectbhap ochc m-bpuic oacha acup oa lumg co poach n-jel ap gach n-jualaino, Pichchill acup bpanoub ban ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc (5)-copam, occ milchom acup ochc n-eich acup ochc pleaja ap ein-leich 70 . Dlijio pi lTluiji Coba 71 na n-apm n-eaopom, n-imcana ochc 72 milchoin acup ochc 72 n-eich acup ochc n-jabpa a\\ glan peich 73 . OI1516 Gojan pluaijeao leip, acup Conall cean eipleip, paip nocho n-pellaio a n-oail 74 , ipeo bleajaio Beich o'aen laim. t)bjiD pi Qipjjall 75 a each cap ceano a ^lall, — ni ju bpeac, acup oli 516 Conall cam puioi each ou ap a belaib 76 . DI1516 pi h-Ua m-6pium miabach a each Ppanjcach pip rhiaoach: 0I1516 pi Conmaicne coin each acup poja n-eoaij 77 . " Magh Cobha As to this plain see possessed the greater part of what now the note on Cobha, page 165, n. h , supra, forms the county of Donegal. See p. 34, and see the Editor's translation of the An- n. ■', supra. nals of the Four Masters, note 1, under the lOirghialla — See pp. 134, 140, note P, year 1188, and note ", under the year 1252, supra. p. 344. r Ui Briuin — There was a tribe and Eoghan, i. e. the Cineal Eoghain or territory of this name in Ulster in St. Pa- race of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine trick's time, as we learn from the Tripartite Hostages, who possessed a great part of Life of St. Patrick, published by Colgan, Ulster at this period. See p. 34, n. B , supra. part iii. c. i Trias Thaum., p. 149 ; and p Conall, i. e. of the Cineal Chonaill, or Colgan thinks that the region so called in race of Conall Gulban, who at this period St. Patrick's time, was styled Muintir- na 5-Ceapc. 247 To eight colored cloaks and two ships, With a bright shield on each shoulder. To a chess-board and white chess-men, Eight drinking-horns and eight cups, Eight greyhounds and eight steeds And eight lances, together. Entitled is the king of Magh Cobha" Of the light and thin-edged weapons To eight greyhounds and eight steeds And eight mares in fine running order. Eoghan is bound to go on a hosting with him, And ConallP without neglect, Against him they shall not act treacherously at the meeting, They are bound to be of one hand (i. e. of one mind). Entitled is the king of Oirghialla^ to his steed On account of his hostages, — it is no false award, And the mild Conall is entitled To sit at every place before his face (i. e. in front of him). Entitled is the king of the noble Ui Briuin r To his truly noble French steed: Entitled is the king of the fair Conmaicne s To a steed and choice raiment. Birn in his own time. His note is as fol- sarum regionum Connacia?, quae Hi-Bruinise lows: priscis temporibus nominabantur, et aliquse •til regionem, qua Aquilonaris Hi- ex eis respect u hujus sunt Australes, alias Briuin appellator, e. i. Videtur esse regio Occidentales." — Trias Thaum., page 184. Dioecesis Ardmachanae in Tir-eoguin, quo Muintir-Birn, the territory bore referred to vulgd Minuter Bim appellator: et noinen by Colgan, is shown on an old map of illud sortita a Bruino rilio Muredachi Meitk, Ulster preserved in the State Papers < Mi ice, tilii Imchadii, tilii Colke Dachrioch. Pos- as situate in the barony of " Dungan- teri enim hujus Collae, postea Orgiellii dicti non" in Tyrone, and separated from the late in isto tractu tempore Patrick domina- territory of " Trough," by the Riyer Black- bantur. Diciturautemhsec regio Hi-Bruinia water. Aquilonaris a comparatione aliarum diver- s Conmaicne This was evidently the 248 Leabhcqi Ip aipi do bepc pin ooib pi Ulao an cnpm cpen, rhoip 78 co m-beio a (b)-cpepi 'n-a chi£ co (o)-ceajaio leip co Ueavhaip 79 SeaSd pij Ulao 80 eamna acup a lano Ian chalma 81 bula 06 a (j)-ceano ooipi chuipc 82 , aen-peachc o'aicpin o'a puabaipc 81 . Girpeachc pe h-enlaich glinbi Cacha Saileach, paep binoi 94 , pochpucao 6ellcaine chaip ap pmo Coch 95 dlaino pebail. Qc pin a Reaper cpuaioi aipo-pij coicio Chpaeb Ruaioi; ma od n-oedpna co gnach pin ni jeba co bpdeh Uearhaip do 6ua6ai6 sfi pijuia6 uiii, coinrheab a Chdpc 87 a (5)-Caen-bpuim, a riiaip 1 (b)-Caillnn cpe jail 88 , ©amain ac a mgenaib". Coblach aici pop 90 6och Cuan, clearhnap pe pij ^ a ^ 5^ an ua P 9 S Conmaicne who were seated in Magh Rein, referred to is Gleann Suilighe (Glenswilly), in the south of the county of Leitrim, and near Litear Ceannaighe (Letterkenny), in the county of Longford; but these, through which the River Suileach (Swillv) though of the ancient Ullta or Clanna flows. See p. 23, and n. f, ib. ; the same Rudhraidhe, were not considered as in the geis occurs there, and thus Linn Saileach is province of Ulster for many centuries. Identified. 1 Doire tuirc, i.e. the oakwood, or re- v Loch Feabhail, " Lough Foyle" (the treat, of the hog or wild boar. arm of the sea running between Donegal and " Loch Saileach This is evidently in- Deny), i. e. the lake of Feabhal, son of tended for Loch Suileach, Anglice " Lough Lodan, one of the Tuatha De Dauann co- Swilly," the arm of the sea running into lony. See poem on Aileach, published in the county of Donegal. The valley here the Ordnance Memoir of Templemore. net 5-Cecqic. 249 The reason that these are given them By the king of Uladh of the mighty [and] great arms, [Is] that their strength might be in his house, That they may go with him to Teamhair. . . TEAMHAIR. THE RESTRICTIONS of the king of the Ultonian Eamhain And of his very brave sword [are] To go into a wild boar's haunt : , [Or] to be seen to attack it alone. To listen to the birds of the valley Of Loch Saileach u , the nobly melodious, To bathe on May- day eastwards In the bright and beautiful Loch Feabhail v . Such are the hard restrictions Of the supreme king of the province of the Red Branch w ; If he usually practise those [forbidden things], He shall never obtain Teamhair TEAMHAIR. OF THE PREROGATIVES of the great king of Uladh, [viz.] To keep his Easter at Caen-druim x , His stewards [to be] at Taillte y through valor, Eamhain [to be] in the possession of his daughters. That he have a fleet on Loch Cuan z , [Galls, To form a marriage alliance with the king of the fine cold n The province of the Red Branch, i. e. of Meath, nearly midway between the towns the province of Ulacm or Ulster, from the of Navan and Kells. See O'Flaherty's house of the Craebh Kuadh, or Red Branch, Ogygia, c. 13, and the Editor's letter on the near Ard Macha (Armagh), so celebrated parish of " Donaghpatrick," in the county in Irish stories. of Meath (now preserved at the Ordnance x Caen-druim. — This was the old name Survey Office, Phcenix Park), in which of the hill of Uisneach, near Baile Mor Lo- the present remains at Taillte are described. cha Seimhdidhe (Ballymore Loughsewdy), See page 204, n. >', supra. in the county of Westmeath. See Annals of * Loch Cuan. See page 16' 4, note d , the Four Masters, Anno Mundi, 3370. See supra, and Colgan's Trias Thaum., page page 6, note s, supra. 19, note 45. The name has sometimes been > Taillte, Anglicc Teltown, in the county Anglicized into "Lough Cone." 250 Ceabliap Ganach 92 Cain bo beich pa Blaio, acup a rnafp a (o)-Ueamaip 93 . C[eamdlR, CGQC]- TXlglt) ft'l NQIS, anopu, pleao 94 aobal, nach upubpa, pichi bubach do each lino co n-a (b)-puipeac 95 op a cino. Cuapipcal pig 6aijean £uipc 6 pij Ueampach in cpean puipe 9 " a 6peam-pa, map acd ipcij, jp leam-pa ica oo meabaip 97 . Ceb mac uippij lp buan blab 98 leip co eua na 99 Ceampac, mjean aencurina each pip, eoach caebrana 1 (b)-Ueamaip U SeactlC (5)-CaR6ait) ap 100 a m-bia op, neach beipeap leip co comol, peachc (b)-pichic eoach oaca po chorhaip mac n-dpo-placha. Qp 101 pin ceio poime b'a chij pig 6aijm cup na laechaib 102 , co poich dun Naip iap n-aipceap 101 , co (b)-pobail a chuapipcail. Dido ac Ceinopealaib 104 cpooa biap in plaichip pip rhopa 105 , lp leo plaieheap 106 a cpuib chain do mac-pij lp ba 107 pijaib. OI1516 pi h-Ua Paelan pino peachc los m-bpuic oaca 1m each beij lino 1 Eanach Cat in, i. c. tlK j beautiful marsh. b King of Nas, i. e. of Laighin or Lein- There are various places of this name in ster, from Nas (Naas), one of the seats of Ulster, and it is not easy to determine the kings of that province ; see pp. 9, 202. which of them is here referred to. ' Laighin of Lore The province of na 5-Ceapc. 251 Eanaeh Caein a to be under his control, And his stewards to be at Teamhair TEAMIIAIR. ENTITLED IS THE KING OF NAS b , now, To a great banquet, not easy [to be procured], Twenty vats of each kind of drink With the accompaniment of viands besides. The stipend of the king of Laighin of Lorc c From the king of Teamhair of the mighty fort ; O ye people, who are in the house, By me it is borne in memory. A hundred sons of petty-kings of lasting fame With him [go] to the district of Teamhair, A maiden, of age to be married, for each man, [And] fine textured clothes at Teamhair. . . TEAMHAIR. SEVEN CHARIOTS on which is gold [ornament], — Which he brings with him to the banquet, Seven score suits of clothes of [good] color For the use of the sons of the great chieftains. Then forward to his house goeth The king of Laighin with the heroes, Till he reaches the fortress of Nas after a journey, Till he distributes his stipends. If with the brave Ui Ceinnsealaigh d The truly majestic sovereignty shall be, Theirs is the dominion of [distributing] its fair wealth To the princes and to the kings. Entitled is the king of fair Ui Faelain e To seven colored cloaks with as many good mantles Leinster is here so called from Laeghaire ?, supra. Lore, one ui' its ancient kings. e Ui Faelain. — See page 205, n. :; , and *Ui Ceinnsealaiffh — Sec page 208, note p. 222, n. h , on Magh Laighean, supra. 252 teabhaji acup ceichpi lonja ap 109 loch co m-beb co"° coppa a coblach. Dlijio pi h-Ua pailji [f] uc, P ceichpi pceic baca — ip oeaj luaj"', ceirpi cuipn caca oacha" 2 , ceichpi claioirh cpuao caca' 13 . Dlijio pi Oppaioi an od rhilchoin bee co n-oeajal, od each bee bo, cean aipe" 2 , co (5)-capbaoaib oedj rhaice" 3 . 12 15 h-Ua Cenbpealaij na (^-cpeach 1 leip cumap ciji Ueavhpach, ipe peo m a pip in each chan uuip ipe ceach pij Caijean. t)lijib pi h-Ua n-^abla n-jeap painoi oip im each n-en rhep; acup pail oip, o'n £eal jual, 0I1516 pij pmo na (b)-Popchuach. ^eaSd" 6 pij Caijean at> chim, each bo uagpa paip 'n-a chip 117 , acup ^oill o'airhpeip im pmo" 8 , acup a jeill co" 9 Ouiblinb. TC15 ap aibi cean peajao 120 , Caerhjin can a choirhejao 1 ' 2 ', cean ceachc co Nap 122 pe lino lain oo jeapaib in pij po ndip. 6Rl^lt) bo peip im a pach oo buabaib na pij 123 6aijneach, 1 Ui Failghe. — Sec page 21 (J, note r , &, suprh. supra. h Ui Gabhla — This territory is men- e Ui Ceinnsealaigh. — See page 208, note tioned in the Annals of I he Four Masters na 5-Ceapc. 253 And four ships upon the sea So that his fleet may be increased [complete]. Entitled is the king of cold Ui Failghe f To four colored shields — it is a good stipend, Four drinking-horns of various color, Four hard swords of battle. Entitled is the noble king of Osraidhe (Ossory) To twelve greyhounds of goodly breed, Twelve steeds to him, without abatement, With choice good chariots. The king of Ui Ceinnsealaigh of the preys g Has the power of the house of Teamhair, This is the truth at every period For it is the house of the king of Laighin. Entitled is the king of sharp Ui Gabhla 1 ' To a ring of gold upon every finger ; And a ring of gold, bright from the fire, Is due to the fair king of the Forthuathai. THE RESTRICTIONS of the king of Laighin I see, A battle to be proclaimed on him in his territory, And the Galls (foreigners) to defy him even to the sword, And [to take] his hostages to Duibhlinn (Dublin). The king not to respect his tutor, Not to defer to Caeimghin, (i. e. St. Kevin), Not to come to Nas with a full retinue Are among the prohibitions of that very noble king. BRIGHIDJ to obey for her favor Is among the buadha [prerogatives] of the Leinster kings ; at the year 1072, but nothing has been ' Forthuatha See page 207, note rt , discovered as yet to show where they were supra. located. •* Brighid, i. e. Brighid Chille Dara, " St. 254 Ceabhcqi bee 06 po chip in a chij, oola each mfp co Ueamaip 1 * 4 U[erfiajR]. O6I516 Rl'CaiSlC na ( 5 )-cpeach oula co cua 1M Uearhpach oa pichic caippeach 126 male, 00 chaipbeanao a pleoe 127 . OI1516 pi Ueampach na (o)-cop oula 128 coimlin pin leipm, acup cean mac achai 5 ano, 00 chaiceam pleioi Gpann lW . OI1516 a 130 (o)-Ceamaip 6uachpa pij TTluman na 131 mop thuacha oeich n-oabcha picheao, po peap, co n-a (b)-puipec 132 ip pip leap 133 . OI1516 pechemain ciap lpcig 134 1 (o)-Ueamaip Cuachpa Oeajaio 135 , 'p can oula ap ap aipceap 136 no co (b)-pojla a 137 chuapipcal. Ip h-6 peo in cuapipcol ceano oleajap 138 6 dipb-pij ©peanb, ochc n-ech, ochc (5)-capbaio po chuinj 139 , ochc (b)-pailji acup ochc (5)-caem cuipn. Ochc (b)-pichio bpac 00 bpacaib, ochc pceich gela op jlan jlacaib 140 peachc 141 peppecha na ppeich plum 142 ipeachc (b)-pichic bo beannain 143 . Coipi uao 00 P15 Caipil 144 6 pij Ueampa, in cpean caipic 145 , Bridget of Kildare," the patroness of Laighin Earann, son of Fiacha, son of Aenghus or ancient Leinster. Tuirmheach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. k Earna This was the name of a peo- 3787. See O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. c. 40. pie in South Munster, descended from Oilioll ' Teamhair Luachra, or Teamhair of ncc 5-Ceajic. 255 To be tributary to her in his house, To repair every month to Teamhair TEAMHAIR. BOUND IS THE KING OF CAISE AL of preys To go to the district of Teamhair Accompanied by two score chariots, To display there his banquet. Bound is the king of Teamhair of lords To go [taking] the same number with him, And no son of a plebeian there, To eat the feast of the Earna k . Bound at Teamhair Luachra 1 Is the king of Mumha (Munster) of great lordships [To give] thirty vats, it is known, With suph viands as are suitable. He is bound to stay a week in the west, within, At Teamhair Luachra Deaghaidh 1 , And not to go from thence on a journey, Until he distributes his stipends. This is the great stipend Which is due from the supreme king of Eire, Eight steeds, eight chariots fully yoked, Eight rings and eight fair drinking-horns. Eight score of cloaks, Eight bright shields over fine hands, Seven plough-yokes in full series, And seven score short-horned cows. A cauldron is given to the king of Caiseal By the king of Teamhair, the mighty chief, Luachair Deaghaidh. It was also called was the royal residence. See last note, Teamhair Earann, i. e. Temoria Earanno- also page 90, note x , supra, on Teamhair rum, from the people of whose country it Shubha. 256 Leabhaji acabeapc map oleajap chpa 'p-a bpeich 140 1 (o-)Cearhaip £uachpa. Qp pm poolaib pi^ TTlurhan na (j)-cach ip na (5)-ceac cupao bo luchc a n-jnirh ceanbaio jail' 47 lop pij acup pf£ain U8 . Ochc n-eich maichi ap a m-bia jpao blijio pi na n-Oepi nap 149 ip ochc m-bpuic uaine male, co n-ochc n-oeilgib pmbpoine. OI1516 pij h-Ua Ciachan lip ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc (5)-claioim acup ochc n-eich maichi 06 6 pij Caipil, can chlaechlo 150 . OI1516 pij h-Ua n-Gachach n-oll luipeach acup 5a 151 1 (5)-comlonn acup ba pdlaij o'op oeapj 152 acup oa each nach bpoch Beaoc. OI1516 pi t)aipine buinb 6 pi Caipil in chomlainb ochc (5)-claioim coppa chacha, ochc longa ip ochc luipeacha. t)o pi 6acha 6em lebaip blijib cumain chaipbeamail 1 ", 1,1 Deise — See page 18i, note", supra. meaky," in the county of Cork, and they " Ui Liathain. — See page 72, note s , afterwards encroached on Corca Luighe, supra. and became masters of the district called UiEathach, i.e. of Ui Eathach Mumh- Fonn Iartharach, which is called " Iva- an, the descendants of Eochaidh, son of hagh," on several old maps made in the Cas, son of Core, king of Minister, son of reign of Elizabeth and James I., and com- Lughaidh, the fourth in descent from Oilioll prises the parishes of " Kilmoe, Scool, Kil- Olum, king of Munster. Their territory crohane, Durris, Kilmacanoge, and Ca- originally comprised the barony of " Kinel- heragh," in the south-west of the county na 5-Ceajir. 2,57 To be presented in due form, And to be brought to Teamhair Luachra. Then distributes the king of Mnmha Of the battles and of the hundreds of champions [His stipends] among the people of stout valorous deeds, Both kings and queens. Eight good steeds of high distinction Are due to the king of the noble Deise m And eight green cloaks besides, With eight pins of findroine (carved silver). Entitled is the king of Ui Liathain 11 of the sea To eight drinking-horns and eight swords And eight good steeds [given] to him From the king of Caiseal, without change. Entitled is the king of the great Ui Eathach To a coat of mail and a spear for combat And to two rings of red gold And two steeds of no bad temper. Entitled is the king of brown Dairine 1 ' (Dairfhine) From the king of Caiseal of the conflicts To eight polished swords of battle, Eight ships and eight coats of mail. To the king of extensive Loch Lein a Is due a friendly return, of Cork. See Liber Regalis Visitationis of correlatives. See page 64, note ", and page 1615. After the establishment of surnames 46, note a , supra ; and Keating's History the chief family of this tribe took the sur- of Ireland, Haliday's edition, p. 136. name of O'Mathghamhna, Anglice O'Ma- 1 King of Loch Lein, i. e. of Eoghanacht hony, and the name is still common and Locha Lein. After the establishment of respectable in Monster. See note k , on surnames the chief family of this tribe took Raithlinn, p. 59, supra. the surname of O'Donnchadha, Anglice PDairinc, otherwise Dairfhine, the tribe of O'Donohoe, O'Donoughoe, &c. Seepage O'h-Eidirsceoil (the O'Driscolls), and their 59, note ', supra. S 258 Ceabhap pici bo acup 154 pichi eac, pichi long do — nf opoch bpeneh. t)li£ib pi Ciappaibi in chnuic pichi each — ni pach apo uilc, acup rpt pichio bo Ban acup cpi pichic' 55 copan. t)lijio pi h-Ua Conaill chain eppio Cape 6 pij Caipil, a Uann lijba co li n-^loin 156 acup a jat 'n-a oeajaib 157 . OI1516 pi Cile, map ca, a chip paep co Sliab ftlaoma, ache, mina cheachca each com, eachepa paip [jan eachepa B.] peach each pijpaij 159 . lp aipe pm 00 beip 061b pi TTIuman an ai^nij moip ,i9 lp oe bup buibeach na pip can a (b)-puipeach 1 (o)-Ueamaip "C. CR1 6Uat>a pij Caipil cam pijan aici a Conoacheaib, lomjeap aici ap S(h)inaino plain acup Caipil bo congbail. Q cpi oimbuaba ap 160 pin each b'puajpa uao ap 6aijnib a choinmeab a (jJ-Caipil chain acup gan oul co Ueamaip [COTIQIT? C] r Ciarraidhe of the hill, i. e. Ciarraidhe 8 Ui Chonaill, i. e. Ui Chonaill Gabhra. Luachra. See page 48, note f , supra. The See page 76, note c . supra. mountains of Sliabh Luachra are in this l Eile. — See page 78, note ', supra. territory. u Sliabh Bladhma, Anglice Slieve Bloom, ncc g-Ceajir. 259 Twenty cows and twenty steeds, Twenty ships to him — no bad award. Entitled is the king of Ciarraidhe of the hill r To twenty steeds — no cause of great evil, And three score white cows And three score cups. Entitled is the king of fair Ui ChonailP To an Easter dress from the king of Caiseal, His beautiful sword of shining lustre, And his spear along with it. Entitled is the king of Eile 1 , so it happens, To [have] his country free as far as Sliabh Bladhma", And, unless when he makes battles for himself, He is exempt from furnishing forces beyond each other king. It is for that reason that to them The king of Murnha of the great mind cedes it ; It is therefore the men are thankful, Not to send their feast to Teamhair TEAMHAIR. THE THREE PREROGATIVES of the king of fair Caiseal [are] To have a queen out of Connacht, To have a fleet on the ample Sionainn (Shannon), And to maintain Caiseal. His three dimbuadha (misfortunes) then [are] To proclaim battle upon the men of Laighin, To feast his visitors at fair Caiseal, And not to go to Teamhair [Luachra] TEAMHAIR. a mountain which divides Eile Ui Chear- County from " Upper Ossory," in the present bhaill ( Elv O'Carroll), in the present King's Queen's County. s2 260 teabhap t)£,l^Jlt) 6 plairh 6uimnij lip pleao aipeajoa, popbailij, oeich n-oabcha picheao, po peap, co n-a (o)-puipeac pe pip leap. \i\ Uuao fflurrian in ropaio 0I1516 cumain chaipoeamail, cpi oeich m-bo 161 acup oa ceac each, cpf pailji o'op 162 , ni epoch bpearh. Ceirhpi lon^a pe laiomj, — je eao ni h-6po anaibmn, — Oct pciach im each luinj olb-pin, oa laino acup od luipij. Ni olijeano ace mao pine 165 plaich £uimni£ a £iachrhuine, lp eajopc a pij [ipe peo a pip B.] amach 104 , — acup injean pij Cearhpach U. t)£,l£)lO pi?5 Chopco 6aipcino 6 pij Cuaj TTluriian caiprill copn acup oa pichic each, eoach in pij 165 , ni ju bpeach. t)lijio uippi^ 166 Chopcampuao 6 pij Cuao lTlurhan na (o)-cuach v Liiimneach This has been for many w Tuath Mhumha, i. e. North Munster, centuries exclusively the name of the now Anglice Thomond. According to Keat- city of Limerick ; but it appears from the ing this territory extended from Leim Chon- Life of St. Carthach of Lismore, that it was chulainn (Loop Head; see p. 75, n. a ) to originally applied to the estuary of the Bealach Mor (" Ballaghmore in Upper River Sionainn below the present city, now Ossory"), and from Sliabh Echtghe (Slieve sometimes called " The Lower Shannon." Aughty, on the frontiers of the counties The king of Luimneach is here put for of Clare and Galway, see Ui Maine, king of Tuath Mhumha (Thomond). See page 91, note k ) to Sliabh Eibhlinne (now the next note. Sleibhte Fheidhlimidh, in the countv of net 5-Cectnc. 261 HE IS ENTITLED from the chief of Luimneach" of the sea, To a splendid, cheering banquet, Thirty vats, it is known, With the necessary viands. The king of productive Tuath Mhumha" Is entitled to friendly fidelity, To thrice ten cows and two hundred steeds, Three rings of gold, no bad award. Four ships with a boat, Even this is not an unpleasant order, Two shields with each ship of these, Two swords and two coats of mail. There is due but only this much To the chief of Luimneach from Liathmhuine x , This is the truth in full, — And the daughter of the king of Teamhair [Luachra]. . T. ENTITLED is the king of Corca Bhaiscinn y From the king of Tuath Mhumha of the marchings To a drinking-horn and two score steeds, The king's apparel, no false award. Entitled is the petty-king of Corcamruadh* From the king of Tuath Mhumha (Thomond) of the lordships Tipperary). The southern boundary of ed the Engenian or Desmond line. It would this great territory is still preserved in that apply very well when the king was of the of the diocese of Killaloe. line of the Ui Caeimh (O'Keeffes), of whom x Liathmhuine. — This is the name of a ce- there was a king of Minister in 902, namely, lebrated place in the parish of "Kilgullane," Fionguine, son of Gorman, who died in that in the territory of Feara Muighe, (Fer- year. moy, in the county of Cork) ; hut it seems 1 Corca- Bhaiscinn — See page 48, note (•', irregularly introduced here as a distinguish- supra. ing appellative of the king of Munster, * Corcamruadh See page 65, note z , when of the line of Eoghan, commonly call supra. 262 Ceabhap a po£a lu 11151 ap 16 ap 1(i7 peachc, oa ceac bo acup a beanoachc. lnjean pij Cuao fflurhan ceno do pij Chopcompuao beipim, coma h-i a bean ap each learh ap (o)-cochc a (o)-ci5 pij Ceampach 168 . C[emCI112]. ^GQSQ pi£ ^uimnij leachain ainimaip 1 ® [a vhaip, B.] op aipb-eacuib, beich epiup 1 n-a chocap chain, acup a pun pe pijain. Qpiao a buaoa in pij paich nonbap 'n-a chocap co maic, paja oealba aip lapcain, acup a riieanma 170 a (o)-Uearhaip. . . . C[6)71C[1RJ. oci^ib ptcuuh crcuachan na ce.i"', oa pichic oabach ac 17 ' 2 pleio acup can oul uaichib 173 ann 6 pij uapal na h-Gpino. t>ljji6 pi ^aela in £opa a chomain uaoa 174 anopa, cpl 175 pichib bo, oa ceao each, ceichpi pailji — ni opoch bpeach. Ceichpi cuipn itn a m-bia op, neach beipeap leip co comol, lp a (b)-pa5bail riap 'n-a 176 chi£ 00 plaich Cpuachan in cuipij 177 . Ceichpi pceich oeapja oacha, ceichpi cachbaipp corhoaca, ceichpi luipeacha 'n-a n-biai6, ceichpi pleaja co 178 pap jliaio. » (,'aela, i. e. the king of Connacht, who in Ui Maine. This name is now obsolete, is here called of Oaela, the seat of O'Lomain, but it appears from several references to it ria 5-Cecqiu. 263 To his choice ship on a day of voyage, Two hundred cows and his blessing. The daughter of the king of powerful Tuath Mhumha To the king of Corcamruadh I give, So that she is his wife in every respect On his coming into the house of the king of Teamhair (Lu- achra.) TEAMHAIR. THE RESTRICTIONS of the king of wide Luimneach [are] To have his stewards on his noble steeds, To have but three in his kindly confidence, And [that he should] communicate his secret to his queen. The prerogatives of this gifted king are That nine should be in his full confidence, That he be of beautiful form. And that he aspire to Teamhair TEAMHAIR. BOUND IS THE KING OF CRUACHAIN, conceal it not, To give two score vats at the banquet, And not to depart from them there From the noble king of Eire. The king of Gaela a of substance Is entitled to his return now, Three score cows, two hundred steeds, Four rings, — it is no bad award. Four drinking-horns on which is gold, Which he brings with him to the banquet. And to leave them in the west, in his house, With the prince of Cruachain of the host. Four shields of red color. Four helmets of equal color, Four coats of mail after them. Four lances for valiant combat. that it wa> near Loch Riach, or Loughrea. Maine, page 31, note c , and Annals of th? in Galway. See Tribes and Customs of Ui Four Masters at the rear 045. 264 Ceabhap ^GIS do Chpuacha 179 D'pap po cpi, buaib do loin^eap pop' 60 Coch Rf; mdo diu n-oedpna peach each pin gebaio pe co gndc 181 Uearhaip [C] t>tlgl<6 pi h-Ua mdine mop 182 ceichpi cuipn Dib pe corhol 163 , pici bo acup 184 pichi each eoach Da ceuc, — ni gu bpeach. tDlijiD pi h-Ua Piachpach pinD ceichpi lonjca pe laiomj, [oeic nind piceao, aiobli, Dinp, acup cpi cuipn du copnaib.] [DlijiD pi na (o)-Cuac Ueopac, jean gu (b)-pecip aneolac], pichi mupc ip pichi muc, pichi cinDi co cpean luchc ,w . t)lijiD pi Cuijni Idjaio ceichpi pceich co coriipamaib 186 , ceichpi h-maip co n-6p [n]-oeap£, ceichpi lonja, ni opoch beaoj. Ni olijeano ache mdo pine 6 pi Cpuachan in cachaioe 187 ; oleajaio do each bail map pin acup a n-odil co Ueamaip C[erriQ113]. b Loch Ri, otherwise called Loch Ribh d Ui Fiachrach Finn, i. e. the descend- ( Lough Eee), a celebrated lake formed by ants ofFiachra Fionn, the eldest son of an expansion of the River Sionainn (Shan- Breasal, son of Maine Mor, ancestor of non), between Ath Luain (Athlone) and all the Ui Maine. These were seated in Lanesborough — See Tribes and Customs of Maen-mhagh, a fertile territory lying round Ui Maine, page 10, note y . the town of Loch Riach (Lough Reagh), in c Ui Maine. — See page 106, note p, the south of the county of Galway. See supra, and Tribes of Ui Maine, pp. 4, 5, 6, Tribes and Customs of Ui Maine, page 70, and the map to the same work. note ', and page 71, note ''. na 5-Ceapc. 265 It is one of his restrictions that Cruaehain should be thrice ravaged, It is his prerogative to have a fleet on Loch Ri b ; If he observe each one of these, He shall usually obtain Teamhair TEAMHAIR. ENTITLED is the king of great Ui Maine c To four drinking-horns of them for the banquet, To twenty cows and twenty steeds, To two hundred suits of clothes, — not a false award. Entitled is the king of Ui Fiachrach Fionn d To four ships with a boat, Thirty women, large [and] hardy, And three drinking horns. Entitled is the king of the Three Tuatha e , Although the ignorant know it not, To twenty beeves and twenty pigs, Twenty tinnes (salted pigs) for his brave people. Entitled is the king of Luighne f to reward, To four shields for deeds of valor, To four tunics with red gold, To four ships, not a bad gift. They are not entitled to more than this From the king of Cruaehain, the warrior ; All are thus mutually bound, And to repair to Teamhair TEAMHAIR. e Three Tuatha — Generally called Teora his residence at Lissadorn, near Elphin, was Tuatha, i. e. the Three Districts. These O'Manchain (Monahan), but this family were Tir Briuin na Sionna, Cineal Dobhtha, was dispossessed by the families of O'h- and Corca Achlann. This tripartite terri- Ainlighe(0'Hanlys)andO'Birn(0'Beirnes) tory, called the Teora Tuatha, formed a in the thirteenth century ; see the Editor's deanery in the diocese of Elphin, comprising Ann. IV. Mag. ad A. D. 1189, p. 86, n. ll , ten parishes. After the establishment of and Miscell. Tr. Arch. Soc, p. 274. surnames the chief of tins territory, who had f Luighne — See page 133, note h , supra. 266 Ceabliap t)£155Jt) P' rni6i in mapcaio 6 pij h-Gpmo co n-apb Blaio peachc peippeacha chpebup cip acup peace (b)-pichic culbin. Olijio pij 6peuj m rhuipip pichi each, — nf h-apo puoaip, acup ni coip a peana, — co n-eaoaijib n-imchpeana. Olijio pij na Saibne po each acup oa pichic bo, uaip nf luju a n-joipi amacli a choipi acup a oabach. OI1516 pi na n-t)epi anoche pichi mape ip pichi mole, lp blijio pi 6uijni ap pin pichi each co paoallaib. t)liji6 pi ^aileanja jui co n-a h-inopma o'op cheapbeu acup pici ppian pocal oo chpuan ip oo chapmojjal. lp amlaib pin oleajap oe ruapipcol mairhi TTIioe acup gan a (j)-cleich pe jail, acup a m-bpeich co Uearhaip. , ^easa pij eojam 'n-a chij pijan aici a ConOachtaib, a pic pe h-OpaiDi anall, acup cacao pe Conall. 8 Suithne. — A territory in Fingall, for- page 184, note ", supra. merly the patrimonial inheritance of the ' Luighne — See page 186, n. n, supra. family of O'Cathasaigh, now Anglice Casey. J Gaileanga — See page 188, n. v , supra. See page 187, note s , supra. k Ofcruan, i.e. ornamented with cruan. h Deise, i.e. Deise Teamhrach —See The word cpuan is explained " buioe na s-Ceajic. 267 ENTITLED is the king of Midlie (Meath) the horseman From the king of Eire of high fame To seven plough-yokes, which plough the land, And to seven score flocks. Entitled is the king of Breagh of the [great] household To twenty steeds, — no cause of grief, And it is not right to deny it, — With fine strong clothing. Entitled is the king of Saithne g to this, To a steed and to two score cows, For his rising out is not less Neither is his cauldron or his vat. Entitled is the king of Deise 1 ', to-night, To twenty beeves and twenty wethers, And entitled is the king of Luighne 1 , then, To twenty steeds with saddles. Entitled is the king of GaileangaJ to a javelin, With its mounting of wrought gold, And twenty splendid bridles Of cruan k and carbuncle. It is thus are due of him The stipends of the chiefs of Midhe (Meath), And not to be withheld by fraud, And to be brought to Teamhair TE AMI! A IK. THE PROHIBITIONS of the king of Eoghan' in his house To have a queen out of Connacht, [are] To make peace with the Dal Araidhe" 1 ever, And war with Conall n . 1 Oeupj," i. e. yellow and red, in old supra. Glossaries, i. e. orange. m Dal Araidhe — See page 23, note *, 1 King of Eoghan, i. e. of the Cineal supra. Eogliain, or race of Eoghan, son of Niall " Conall, i. e. with the Cineal Chonaill, of the Nine Hostages. See page 34, note % or inhabitants of the present county of Do- 268 Leabhap Na aen ap rlieib poip 6 rhij pij £aipi cup na laechaib, pichi ech t>6 ap a aipceap, ipe pin a chuapipcol. \i\ Niriie acup Ualriian cpen co n-oeapnom uili a oijpeip, co pobam co cpean 'n-a chij oaij ip aibni na Uerhaip C6QITIQ11?. negal See page 23, note P, supra. This neal Chonaill, was founded on experience, prohibition against war, or necessity of and it is curious to observe that the " war" peace, between the Cineal Eoghain and Ci- made by Seaan (Shane) O'Neill on the na 5-Ceapr. 269 Every one who goes eastward from the house Of the king of Laeise" with the heroes, Twenty steeds [are given] to him for his journey, That is his stipend. The mighty King of Heaven and Earth May we all obey, May we be mighty in his house For it is more delightful than Teamhair. . . . TEAMHAIR. Cineal Chonaill, in 1557, prepared the way and O'Domhnall (O'Donnell), at " Kin- to the ruin of the Cineal Eoghain; and the sale," in 1602, was the cause of the defeat jealousy which subsisted between O'Neill and downfall of both races. piNlC VARIOUS READINGS, SELECTED FROM THF. BOOK OF BAILE AN MHUTA (BALLYMOTE, MARKED B.) AS COMPARED WITH THE TEXT IN THE BOOK OF LFACAN (MARKED L.) [See remarks in the Introduction, and further at the end of these Various Readings VARIOUS READINGS 5easa a^us &uat>ha Rio^h eirceaNR PAGE. pop opuim, 2 cupleim, ib. eich, ib. pan, ib. eeabea, ib. bpuinoe eich, . . . . ib. pe pamain, ib. pe m-beleaine, . . . . ib. bpi lee, ib. uaip, ib. an bliaoain boimeala ni eeic a n-aipem c-paejail ib. pepi, 4 coipm, ib. aipecrg ceopa pleao, . . ib. pcn£e un. n-aiDche, ... 4 ban maije pene ag a pa- pajuo, ib. poceaoal ceapc a caipel PAGE. .1. copjaip, 4 1 imbecc coijeap pleibi cua ib. ' pig connacc, ib. coipm, ib. a peapca .i ib. comlub, ib. pop adi caillee. . . . ib. annao, ib. laicne, ib. apo coicpicup aea luain pop cpom laije eeampa, ib. ace in. cede ap tDapba, . 4 en, 6 piancaib leic tap bun- aipe, ib. oaipe mic piadna, ... 6 aoall, ib. epicao, ib. uarbap, ib. 272 Various Headings. 34 6uao a puioe a n-Uipnec jaca uu.moo bliaoam i a coma olegap do jac u.eo a n-6pinb Don pep Ceampa oo benum bo pijaib Gpenn o pi j Ceampac -|ap anopin aenaijceap ap eaccpa pij Ceam- pa po Gpinn uile -| up ann no cpenoaip a paioe a n-Uipnec -| a nubpamj pij na cuiceo. 6a pi an luaibijecc buinoe mao no bib a laim jaca placa oe op paj- Bao ma puioe ol an can no jleeao an Pep Ceampa -] ni lm- luaibip piaca na cainjne gup in peace n-aile a cino pecc m-blia- t)an beop. Qp oemen cpa bo pijaib Gpenn bia comiloip na jeappa pin -| na buaoa ni biab cuipel pop a plaicemnap -| ni ricpao ceibm na gopra na pluga na h-ecepano -\ n\ biab epepa pop a paejal. Cuan cc. a To pay for his seat at Uisneaeh every seventh year, and the same is due of every province [provin- cial king] in Eire, in return for the Feis of Teamhair being made for the kings of Eire by the king of Teamhair; and it is there the chief sovereignty of the king of Tea- mhair over all Eire is reacknow- ledged [or renewed], and it was there they purchased their seats at Uisneaeh, and their recognition as kings of their provinces. The price was a champion's ring, which used to be on the hand of each king, of gold. He used to leave it in his drinking seat when the Feis of Teamhair was con- sumed. And they adjudicated nei- ther debts nor questions until ano- ther meeting at the end of seven years. It is certain to the kings of Eire that, if they fulfil these restrictions and prerogatives, that there shall be no interruption to their reigns, and that neither pestilence nor fa- mine, nor plague, nor strangers, shall overcome them ; and that their lives shall not be short. Cuan cecinit. 8 This reading should have been inserted in the text, as was done in a like case at pp. 136, 137. The reference 34, in page 6, is misplaced. From the word luagi L. [luao, B.] in page 6, to the word " cecinit," in page 8, supra, is all represented by the above extract from B. I r arious Readings. 273 if me llu £ocain, ... 8 uutpe, ib. ce, 10 piulbuo, ib. PAGE. alluo, 18 comeacac na cip, ... 20 ullco, ib. do pain opeimeip boppa, . ib. apoplara, ib. 53 niio:6, cebca, ib. s6 coicib, niai^e Cuillenn, eic, ua loccam coilli, celpa .... do mu6, . . . pepe . . . . laijin, . coicigep lap rhip, bia ciu^placaib, bia bunab pia, ib. 12 ib. ib. 14 ib. ib. 16 ib. 18 implain, oaipbpij, eccpaep, 60 line, . . . 61 email, . . . 63 ullco, . . . 62 (bis) co ceano, 63 na puijibcheap, 64 leo ppi, . . 65 jabuc, . . . 22 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 24 ib. ib. ib. ib. Note — The prose in B. only mentions teora (three) geasa of the king of Laighin, and as many of his buadha, omitting the first and second of the former and the fourth and fifth of the latter according to the order of enumeration in the poem. It omits the fourth of the buadha of the king of Connacht, which, indeed, seem to be six, both in the poem, and in the prose in L. So, the fourth of the buadha of the king of Uladh is not found in the prose in B. It calls the buadha of the monarch ceithora (four), though it mentions seven, and begins by saying that his urghartha are se (six), though it shows them also to be seven. The order of enumeration in the prose varies much in both copies from that used in the poem ; and the prose in B. differs in its order in many respects from the prose in L. 274 1 r arious Readings, VARIOUS READINGS IN tea&hdR hq 5-cearcc. I — Dligheaoh PAGE. 1 caipil oibu .1. capail [N. B. a paper copy of 1713 reads, an can nc leip apopij 6ipeann. Caipil oona i. Caipeal] ... 28 2 piobaioe in can pin, . . ib. 3 ba £ili£cip, ib. 4 pull na pap, 30 5 in apopara, L. an Opt) Qxhap, B. [which is right], ib. • epipoil [This is manifestly a mistake in B. for eap- pcal, which is the word in the paper copy of 1713], ib. 7 cm puil ann oon pin lp cellpopc, ib. 8 [do pij TTlurhan an bade pin-) oleajaip ciop-] poj- narii B-peap TDurhan oo pij Caipil oo £peap, Paper copy of 1 71 3], . ib. 9 a recc, ib. lu a roijecr, 32 11 pc. lonja, ib. Pigh Chairil. PAGE. 12 ou mip 32 13 oo, ib. 14 conao oa puibejub ... 28 15 oun pi ounap oelbap ou paino, 34 10 oluio, ib. IG (bis) [biarao mip o apo plaic Oilij, do rhaicib TDurhan. Paper copy of 1713], 36 17 Dan maich, ib. 18 o ib. 19 ni pcicooo peic pem [ni pgiacac a par peiom, paper copy of 1713], . . 38 20 Du ci^eapna, ib. 21 ceagaic, ib. 22 o muirib Uomap [a maicib Danap. Paper copy of 1713], 40 23 am capnan, ib. 24 glinoi oach [glainne ga, paper copy of 1713], . ib. 25 uapoileao [nocan paileac, paper copy of 1713], . . ib. 20 Ctc, ib. I r arious Readings. 275 molroio, S on 0I15 oa, nocon ap an buipe cpa icaic na cipapa ace ap ceanb, pi h-apm n-a| baip, . . . (bis) cpeb na loipcio, (line 5, last four syllables), PAfiR. 40 ib. 42 ib. at bepib, ib. canaio, ib- ag raiobi 46 nip pi, ib. piam, ib. nip map, ib. ip, 48 ■ficin anao, ib. ap, ib. tap lo laijim, .... ib. iap, ib. n-ar, ib. ppinac, ib. bleccame, ib. cpain, ib. pin pime po eaipi£, ... 50 pailmceclaba, .... ib. a Cuipiul, ib. nab bu pi pop Gpinn, . . ib. ip oec (oec) 51 bo popbpla- vhap, ib. 0I1516 ban, ib. ceampaig piabe ba, . . 52 bo muij 6peaj comb, . ib. bo plair, ib. (fo'/?)UpopcabRiiaoan mac Peap^upa co naemaib, (lines 7, 8), t)0, mic (C)applainn. [N. B. — The " C" is added to the original MS., and a like interpolation is observable in the text of the Book of Leacan in two places], b, 52 peopunb, (bis) o ca Qr Cliac ju reach nbuinn (line 10), . aille 54 ib. ib. eic, oligeap, no, conbac lpbula laipa ppim- car, bu pi£ gall lap pippain ap a celgub na chip, •5 ae, 5 5 Ip 1 in cam 0I1510, . . . qn, nac ppic paill, .... beannuccu mop, (bis) 510 mop ino ail oepinn ain (line 16), . . • . nuluim. [N. B. The next quatrain omitted in B.], . (bis) ppimcacup (line4, init), F u,l > an aincech, puil epi pi la, .... cuilliub, t2 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 58 ib. ib. 60 27G Various Readings. (bis), t)ail Caip ni pabac alen, po jabab ppi Fpaip pfpen, oop pab gu hilepoa hep ci^eapna acambiu 6enen (lines 5, 6, 7, 8), . . . oo bobeup amail pop pajaib, . . cupcujub, ccc. bam. I. luljac a oaip- pine, ob. bam oo. bpar, . . . am 60 ib. ib. ib. 62 ib. peapanna po^niao Caipeal, ib. no a Rairliunn, . . . . ib. conaipe ac-beapc 6enen in pair inib pip, . . . ib. bia, ib. juc bliaona $u bpar, . . ib. (bis) aca buaicib (1. \5,fin.), ib. puaicni^, ib. ppia, 64 bi cop, cpi caega ceao luljac, . ib. cecluaicce, ib. pop, ib. o opunj, ib. cpana, ib. jan oiamaipe, .... ib. bo o na baipbeacaib, . . ib. cpan, ib. (bis) capuip (line 3, fin.), . 66 5 U > ib. Mi olij oo, ib. pogniab, ib. PAOF. ni oleujap, 66 (bis), SocapmaipeacmopCcnpil mebpaij lac gach mip, ni mac plaic ap mecinn lTlumain, neacnaccoingni cip. CIS. 68 [N. B. The following qua- train is not in B.] [N. B. Also the following- prose and poem, from p. 68 to p. 80, are not in B.] ' ■] corcupa a pocap, 5pao i oilmame ap met) nipc -| poplamuip tip oilmaine pecca -| plo- gaio ap poipbe -| ap pop- bpij5 i ap pinnpipe ap comaipleaiii, .... 80 mibi^cip, ib. peancao, . . bio ainmep, . ac Oail Caip, apb maip, . . le 516 11116a o'aigebaib, . ib. mulle, ib. bu pi t)ail Caip cuilbutoe, ib. ip po pfp, ...... ib. ni buili, ib. a cuaio, . . . . . . ib. bap apb muipib, . . . ib. coip, 82 pa ploij, ib. lap coip, ib. ni clepi, ib. Various Be idings ( i PAGE. '" eac cum blub, .... 82 118 nac cuip, ib. " !> calma, ib. 120 cam, ib. 120 (bis) muip, ib. '-'' co pip jail (line \6,Jin.), ib. '■' (bis) Raiclmo (line 21), . ib. 122 lunnj, ....... 84 123 oonna a nbueu, ib. ,M bu jpoij, ib. ,M lpcocall pfnjppoillebuij. [N. B. — The next quatrain is placed later by two in B.] 126 eomblaouc, ib. '-' 7 ^abpa, ib. 128 mebuij, ib. 129 cfn pop paeli, ib. 130 in pi leac-jualainn, . . ib. ''' eppeuo, ib. 132 bo eaee, ib. lw eppeo, ib. 131 bpoja i pij, ib. 135 / x. pinojuill gan^uioeulja, 86 136 ap, ib. 137 be, ib. 138 nanuuice o pi Gpenn, . ib. 139 euuicle, ib. 140 pecc pceie pece cloioim cam lp pecc n-eic ana puonuib, ib. 141 peace cloiorhi pecc pa riioleu lp peace, ib. 142 pi Gle rhoip, ib. '" peace pc.i peace cloioim cum peace mojaio peucc mban- moouij ib. PAGE. 144 Cuileanoan, .... 8b 145 bio peup leijino e ppiu la, ib. liti niulciac, ib. 146 (bis) Reca (same line), . ib. Uli (ter) ap bile (line 28, ink.) ib. 147 Conainj, ib. 147 (bis) IDupbolj (line 1), . 88 148 n-Geapbame, . . . . ib. 149 ucmaj caecum, . . . . ib. 150 Cuaim n-Goen TTluj Ctpuil, ib. 131 loiccfnb, ib. 152 Cpeouu, ib. 133 Raiefpc, ib. 131 Rtiie ap.b, ib. 133 Delje, ib. 156 h-ui empb, ib. 137 at) bap aepa, .... ib. I5S t)omun ib. 139 a peobu, ib. 100 DO, ib. iui muiiaac, ib 162 Rfca, ib. 163 le lep 516, ib. 164 c. cuaiji, ib. 163 c. gleno, ib - na bia, ib. do pin, 98 na cip call, ib. gun bin peam 01a noeaj- cuaeaib, ib. guch aen 01a nolig oipli, ib. ni eel, ib. aipo pi, ib. ab %Cn, ib. 1 u. pp. lulgach, .... ib. o cmeao jpfgpaibe glain bu eopacea co cpuacham, 100 unipirh, ib. epi fie. cope efno mail, • ib. 00 beapap, ib. gan oub, 102 R15I1 Cpuachann. : buan 1 bpar, ueacup, pipin pig pope, . . . . a cabaipe la beallcaine, . jan anpip, lap lo alle, ..... ppi ppicoum, cia bo beapub, . . . . a cip, noco niub luigne, . . . ' F ea P> a cubaipe jrach naen nuaip ou pi riunje bai, ip mop jliaio, . . . cabeap bo pi olnegmeacc, jan anpopup, ip 00 oelbn. bleguip pin, ou pi connacc gu cpua- cbain, ip bo bealbnaib noco bpej blejaip in cam oa coiriifo, munbao in peapuno paen- S eal , minbuo cap ceuno a cipe, w. 'AGE, 102 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 104 ib. ib. ib. , ib. ib. ib. ib. 106 ib. ib. 106 Various Readings. 270 43 ciu do beupup in cam caeiii o huib muine na maj puen, 106 44 jan comlano, . . . . ib. " na clann, ib. 46 comlann, ib. 47 hua bpium noco bpeg ani- blao, ib. 48 na cacc, 108 " cam, ib. ™ ploinnpfc, ib. " lmjlec, ib. 52 0I1516, ib. s3 olejaip, ib. 54 no l compaicrib, . . . ib. 55 munab, ib. se & a? j n can na £ i eo p, p acuaj^j la pilaeba lpguaipe jluaip lpann leo jan cpao cam leac-gualu Ian pj cpua- chain 110 niaic po puaip 6enen gu beact, an eolupa na neceapc, plombpeacpa baib cpe baio in oil, a oaine ana eipoij. . . ib. [N. B. The intervening rami is not in B.] Mi oo cuopapcluib, . . . ib. 49 on peapamo, 110 | w ana, 61 ip puioiu po bic, conuo, 82 bu £ubail, . . . 63 naemu, 64 pair, 65 pojniac, C6 uii., 67 Cuapapcla coigib, . . M oia, 69 FP>, PAGE. 110 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 112 ib. ib. ib. nu., ib. 1 mi. mna mi. luipeca ppi a la, . ib. 2 pop a linj, 1 14 3 nimjell, ib. 4 epbeapga, ib. 5 luaijni (corrected to lui 5 m )> ib - 15 cairirh, ib. 7 5 ap 5 a 5 la.p geala, . . . ib. 8 na cop on caill. [N. B. — This figure ?s should be at the end of the first line of the next runn which precedes this in B.], . . ib. 5 nac clae, ib. * mblubaij, ib. 1 (bis) p. neic -| t>a palaij p. cl., ib. 1 ppi, 116 ; muixe hai, . . • . . ib. 280 Various Readings. III. L— OligheaDh T^igh Qili^li. PAGE. 1 -| a cuapapcla i. a cip ooib, 118 1 (bis) c. mapc c. cope I. bo, ib. - oo., ib- 3 in puici pe la 6enfn, . • ib. 4 cpica, 120 5 o cuaic paca, . . . . ib. -???■> 1U - blaca, ib. in cuipo, ib. na, • ib. baio, ib. ni baib nimnio, .... 122 co mbain imlib, . . . ib. ppip caillcip cuaib, . . ib. o cianacc in cpuao cojaib, ib. cibnagaip ib. cope, 124 jan luije, ib. Ni olejaip, ib. 1 jabaip, ib. 'no, ib. ib. pa be pin in can nac, pmn bno, .... r le 5 a ' !*■. PACE. . 126 . ib. . ib. . ib. ■ cpom, - nocho pai nucha puipij, . 126 23 T"5 e > ib - 24 cuinjeaba ceapc, . . . ib. 25 Op lac po pojla, . . . ib. 26 ono, ib. 31 pi., 128 32 compaino, ib. 33 CI pip oiu noechup pa cuaio co, ib. 34 ep., ib. 35 jualainb, ib. 36 cpeach, ib. 37 cpuaoapcaip, ib. 38 in muipn, ib. 39 ui. eoco, 130 40 pe, 132 41 un. nee, ib. 42 pc, ib. 43 ailli ppi haijib, . . . . ib. 44 pfn, ib. 45 cpi, ib. 46 biaoij pfip, ib. 47 P., ib. 48 comola, . . 49 a cuaio, . . 50 a libap cu lep, 51 lpi pcpibup, . ib. 134 ib. ib. Various Readings. 281 III. 2 — Oli^heanh R15I1 Oipglnall. cuecaip, no, re^aio. [N. B The refe- rence 3 has been dropped from the text. The reader will supply it to the last line of the page but one, where for nu ceip in L. we have mcti cejaio in B. The sentence following has been inserted at page 136, in full, from both copies], uc peagam, ble^aic, ceacair, 134 ib. pum, ipeab po cula, nacap cino pojmaip ppi bpuinne buana, . Se c. a bocomlub. . pe c. 001b aheappac, . JTlab liu liceappum, a njnimaib geimlij ni ble^ap bib pium, . aicepe ana Oip^iall, 5 e - 01a nela, ip pip inp ponoa, . . la Colla lTleann buca, O ceaclaio epamnaij, co popuni nan cecim, . ni liummep, .... ib. 136 138 ib. ib. 140 ib. ib. ib. 142 ib. 16 (bis) buo eippin (end of second line of the prose, for pooepin), . . . .142 17 -| a neibiub b^ib -| a mbec po puimb pij, .... 144 ls muppopluipeb, .... ib. 19 bu pi h. m-6pam Qpcaill, ib. 20 du pi leicpinn, . . . . ib. 21 ui., ib. " poip, ib. 23 conio ba coirii fc na pocup pin po pij, ib. 28 ploindpio oe, 146 29 pfncupcloinnecaeimCaip- ppe, ib. 30 abpao, ib. 31 allaim, ib. 32 jan cuibpig, ib. 33 cojup, ib. 34 geiban <$lap, ib. 35 in, ib. 36 du, ib. 37 naeb, 148 38 ui., ib. 39 copprap caerii, . . . . ib. 4(1 0I1516 uippi ua noprain. . 150 41 apcaill, ib. 42 pe hec blip cpiuin ppi coj- puim pe mo^aio naccael imcain pe mna baepu bia noi£- Bail ib. 13 rpi cuar apcip, .... ib. 282 Various Readings M pua cpiriich., 152 ,s blijib, ib. * 6 a, ib. 47 oip pc, ib. 48 lop, ib. ib. ib. " am, . . . . h0 caca, . . . 51 u. lonja u. lui |-ui. cl. camu-| 'V- i U1 - lui. pino mna > pio. J ui., oip, r o, r> cu mop bucuip, . . . 152 154 ib. ib. ib. ib. ill. 3.— Oligheat)}! TC15I1 Ulao. 1 nuc pi e p. ep. a leaclam 1 jupub e bup copac co- ftaip-j coimioeacca ineab bfp a puil pi ep. -| in can mupjepac, 154 : u., 156 1 bu pi aenoupc oi cem, . ib. 1 bail buinne, ib. ' conall. aipjic, . . . . ib. ; bu pi ouibcpuin, . . . . ib. : oo j^rii, ib. na hupjaile, ib. ' a ceumpai^, 158 nu mbuampleub, . . . ib. Caeja'cl. I. eac noono I. bp. I. cocoll I. pcinft noumeac nouca, I. luip. Ian caca. . . . ib. < x. lonja ppi Ian cpeapa, . ib. na piao bpec, .... ib. nuabuaip, ib. * pici bp. m beaj ml, . . 158 ; cpi mog. cpi mna baepu, 160 ' Ian caema, ib. ' Ian rinfpa, ib. ' pi o neapcou cein, . . . ib. ' r e > ib. pe cuipn pe claioim cojaio pe mogaio pi mop obaip, 162 oail buinoi bain, . . . ib. mepa, ib. caicmec, ib. ni plaib, ib. cona ppianaib pfn aipgic, ib. ppfm, 164 na pcaiceann pluai£, . . ib. ce mbennaib, ib. tan cennaij, ib. gan riiop puch ib. occ mna occ neic bonna, . ib. baipce mbile, . . . . ib. cpi, ib. Various Reading* 283 PAGE. ' ceanu, 164 ' aen jeala, ib. coba caim, ib. ocaip, ib. oia, 166 am, ib. baipce, 168 piala, ib. I. lppair, ib. alme, ib. qn, ib. a lacapnaib, ib. a cpoepije, ib. ay in bpfouij, . . . . ib. o moncaib, ib. ge mocao, ib. leopioe, ...... ib. cupjnam, ib. ' i uamnui juc oaca, . . 168 1 Olijeao aipopi emnu lp ul., ib. ' < muij, 170 1 $an bine, ib. ploino ou cac, . . . . ib. ' po, ib. ' cope aca ula, ib. 1 oil. o cpocpije, .... ib. oojpaio, 172 ana, ib. 1 cia, ib. moncaib, ib. ab, ib. ccc, ib. na coipcaip, ib. co nui bpij gop an pi j, . ib. ana, 174 IV — Dliglieaoh TC15I1 UeamTijiack 011 pi£ cuac mioi, ■ ou pi laijpi, . . 3 ou pi peap ceull, 4 ou pi peap eeabca, 6 caill pollamam, . * ou pi oelbna, . . 7 conuo oe pin, . . ' a ceampai£, . . 9 pop Ian rhebpui^, 10 ceumpac, . . . " lann 176 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 178 ib. ib. ib. 12 a 178 13 B. has bere both the readings inserted iu the text, and also ec repeated, between them. It is plain that the last three Avords in B. are alone the true text, . . ib. 14 laejaipe, ib. 15 ^p(n pi, ib. 16 Caille eacoach, . . . ib. 17 5aiU, 180 284 Various Readings. PAGE. cecibra, 180 bebra, ib. dig [N. B. the two quatrains following not in B.], . . ib. caille an ollairh, . . .182 Qc pom cuap ib. 1, ib. ac bi]i pil., ib. lp an &I15., ib. Cuapupclu pij cuac mioi po paioj earn, .... ib. ona, 184 roj^aib, ib. pine, ib. ' nuna, ib. cobai j na ccmapa, . . . ib. ' lap mbuain, ib. ' po paio, ib. 1 mice, ib. ' map pognuc t»o ceampaig cuip, ib. ' po peulbra, ib. : o bum beipi, ib. 1 bli^io pi eeuriipuc nu cuur, PAGE. pcpcpc. cpain ni cip Bpaeap, .F?£. mole mair a naipim, 00 pi mioi mop pailio. . 184 a moip pine, ib. cemaip, 186 papjba, ib. o bpuicpib nu bopb luigne, ib. C. papbpac o na paibnib, c. cpana lp cpoo pip raicio 1 c. mapc ap mui^ib, lac. mole 01a moppaigib, 188 C. a cuipcnib, .... ib. loma oupi luioip liar opo- ma, ib. 1 pailleunb, ib. ou claen pair po cuala- baip, ib. o, ib. 1 nocop oub ouepuib, . . . ib. p^rx. beaj 6am lp baipe, pepp- luljuc Ian buioe. . ib. Ipc. mapc nun mop eului£, 190 : 1 eeamaip (last line but one), ib. ; a haipb cip (last line), . ib. V.— OlislieaohPi^hLaighean, a^up UiorTU)aCharhaei]i TTlhoip. •5 U > in painpepce, .... aip, cam in minb mop aicnio TAGE. . 192 . ib. . ib. TAGE. muipec mo mac mmjop . 192 ' ppi eeamup (las>t line but one) ib. '' la mbuan macnib. . . . 104 Various /?< PAGE. 7 gopbao bmoni beanacca, 194 s oubaipc ib. 9 if iap, ib. "' oaipe m-bappac, . . . ib. " co n bunanup, . . . . ib. 12 pui6 aipenuc, .... ib. 13 na guib epic al. peoou ao comuipce, ib. I 14 bpeiqii, ib. I u a, ib. | 10 co mbao ma copobop cong jailianaib gap, . . . ib. 17 oo ib. " bno for bin, ib. 19 pip paipe cen puraipe, . 196 20 epijpio, ib. 21 caerpac, ib. 22 larha, ib. 23 oubapc oo a peoam pobe- pin co lin a pualaip, . ib. 24 i apbeapc ppi ceran, . . ib. 25 oum ceoac epibe acaip, . ib. 20 oun, ib. "-'■ je beir peal, .... ib. 28 uamgaine, ib. 29 gfn imglinne, . . . . ib. 30 aip ni moineac, .... 198 31 cluicecuip, ib. 32 lim a Ian vhaipi, . . . ' ib. 33 a cualaip, ib. 34 epi mepci ppia, . ib. 35 pip ap, ib. 36 pealb peapb, ib. 37 ap meao ipimnaip, . . . ib. 38 curip, ib. 'actings. 285 PAGE. Rio eoco, 200 ceclannpap, ib. cpeoip, ib. cuipjeboac nipobap map, ib. ni po, ib. a bparaip, ib. ap, ib. a, ib. huaip bo pair, ib. ba, ib. a haehap, ib. pai mip gaca bparaip, ouio -| paioi .uii. mbliaona lam pop, ib. po gnipino, ib. milceouib, ib. Cap man, 202 aipo miom, ib. co luce maipe, . . . . ib. up mo piaco apomijnio, . ib. bno, ib. na m-bpacap, . . . . ib. piaco ba haicio, . . . ib. olejap jan each, . . . 204 unapm, ib. conopocaip, ib. luaijne, ib. ono., ib. nal, ib. Cucaip mop in popap uc, ib. ba, ib. Comb ooib pin po cacam, ib. epia cuaicle na cuapipcail, ib. uip bub acuibb, ib. pa, ib. 280 I r arious Readings. PAGE. 75 pe lennaap in lateippe, . 204 7,i biu, 20G 77 lap cuill., ib. 78 on laec pin, ib. 79 This figure is misplaced. 80 in atpioen, ib. 80 (bis) nacaipijfo, end of line 14, ib. " pe oairh luara leomeaca, ib. 82 na 208 83 pe pail£e apamo ou pi Rai- peno 210 84 oun miliope, ..... ib. 85 cop numai5, ib. s,i pocopr, . . . . . ib. 87 ag Dinb jabpa, . . . .212 88 ap cop aip ap aijib, . . ib. 89 ppi coro^ao, ib. 90 menn mopa, ib. 91 ina noeajpomal, . . . 216 92 pecuipn bea in a njlac- caib, ib. w lp lac cuap. laec laij. alaim glainmap^elcopao, ib. 94 pop£alluib ceaeamupcup na cana pa .i., .... 218 95 cc, ib. 96 o cogaiprib na njpao pene, ib. 97 ma ppepair caeja ma ce- cio inb pin oa coibeppoppo, ib. 99 i, ib. 99 pap, ib. 100 ap a n-oli j, ib. 101 ip conjabla, ib. 102 ip cc. bo, 220 oli. c. bpac noco bpe£, ip c. rope ip cpom i cpeb, 220 nail, ib. caema, ib. ace o poipb, ib. a, ib. ni lcaio u. pailji naip, cip no canaio no curhail ou pi laijean ma lai ap peer ace cuio aibci ap aibacc, ib. na, ib. bana, ib. n 5 a PP> ib. cc. mbpac cc. mbo mbir blicc, ib. ft", 222 ip lac pin cipa, .... ib. na, ib. a coipeecc, ib. pa, ib. blejap, ib. gen ceap, ib. a P, ib. be ouinib, ib. cip ou cunnu ip nerhio, . ib. cip ounaij ip bpolcao, , ib. P u , ib. caen, ib. belm, 224 a peapono, ib. Noco oli^fnb jeo cino, . ib. pill na piapcap pip pin, acip ip a cuap ib. piccon, ib. Various Readings l>.S7 TAGF. m no, 224 ,M ruapiprla cipa coipc. . . ib. 133 po ib. 134 amnil pop pagaib 6enen (line 20), ib. 135 511 coipacc, 226 ,M ba, ib. 137 mac aeoil pucaij, . . . ib. 138 na moip piac, .... ib. 139 Goajap ju hua oeocai£, ib. 140 01a 228 1,1 ^up epi£ ina beraio, . . ib. : aonujuo, 228 1 ppona pain, ib. 1 pop paccao. ib. ' neopao, ib. ; nopceppa ppi 0111b 6eamon, ib Pacbaim popanar uilef, 230 1 b. oiu oulcaib jonnaf, . ib. in Dun ap a ranag cuaio, ni paba a pi po buaio, . ib. a jsjaille, ib. clann, ib. t See note at the end. VI beannaclic phdopuij, a o-Uea PAGE. 1 bnil, 234 - oaice, ib. 3 ce, . ..*.... ib. 4 piapapa cipa -j cuapapcla, ib. 5 ap, ib. c ulugaip, ib. 7 [N. B. — The figure : is misplaced in line 7]. • • 236 s a caen cuigfo a cuije- oaib ol banba nac, . . ib. 9 peaccap, ib. 10 jac cipe a C15 ip ano a pai, ib. 11 eb ib. 12 anap cnipoine, . . . . ib. 13 no ap map aicme minab, ib. 14 r a! 5's f r ib. 13 peapuno 238 a^iif Ceapc R105T1 Giyieann mlijiai^li. PAGE. 5 oanof£ peapaib, . . . 238 T ceampaij cinn, . . . ib. 1 ceaccpai^fp Gp., . . . ib. » bpaenuije, ib. 5 ceac, ib. 1 conuije, ib. '■ oepiun, ib. ; oibpiun giall, .... ib. 1 00 bpeich 00 pun co cfm- r«'5 ib - 1 paep popuo, .... ib. ' no 50 pipa oa cuipe, . . ib. na capoa ceupc peap ceupc nee co nac beapa, . . ib. ; 00 eijpib, ib. 1 ceapna cogao cam, ap pluaj, ib. 288 Various Readings. PAGE. i eeamaip, 240 mina pfpjna pfti pe jail, ib. op bpua linni luacgainni, ib. meo na pleoi olegap ann, ib. bcmo, ib. F^P'S* ib - a einol, ib. ap a napoap, . . . . ib. ipe pin, ib. mac mm placet, . . . ib. na ba6 ole do, .... ib. oeajap, ib. oun cploj, ib. a leae, ib. ppi, ib. oppo, ib. do, ib. poiprn pinna, a piocel- laib, 242 Comleeuo a aijchi, . . ib. cam, ib. inn plaea, ib. conaleaib ib. oun pij pin 511 mop, . . ib. 00 pa coja, ib. mao oa pab in aen coma, ib. pa caem cip ec, ... 244 maipec, ib. cupuib 1, ib. 001b moip, ib. poppinn, ib. a mbioip beie (end of line 11), ib. eaeb jlaine, ib. ni binunn -| nfrheni, . . ib. ap 64 co na caeaib, . 65 oa popcuo ju pooail, PAGE. 6i Ian rin ceo pfrhi oa raij, 244 ib. ib. 65 0015, ib. 67 apcap ipe ap cupju a cuap ib. 68 %e lappaijcbeap, . . . ib. 69 ullcaib, ib. 70 pop leie, 246 71 caba, ib. 72 on., ib. 73 1 peace ple^a pop lee, . ib. 74 oligio conall co coimofip, lap noco gabann a mbaio, ib. 75 oipjiall, ib. 76 puioi in jac 6u ap a be- luib, ib. 77 a ec 1 coja eoai^, . . . ib. 73 ca nimao a ploij, . . 248 79 na caij, conoecao leip co ceam- ! iai S> ib - 80 aluinn, ib. 81 1 a lann Ian mebpa, . . ib. 82 oopun 1 cenn cuipe, . . ib. 83 oecpain oa pobaipe, . . ib. 94 paip linne, ib. 85 ap loc pinn • ib. 85 a buuoa, ib. 87 a coinmeao cape, . . . ib. 98 cpe 6015, ib. 89 ima m^fnpaij, . . . . ib. 90 0151 ap, ib. 91 nglap puup, ib. 92 Kipeap, 250 Various Readings. 289 PAGE. . 250 . ib. , ib. . ib. 1 a paip a cea mpaij, l F le fc 'puipjj, .... 1 ruipc, acaib inbap caij, aca lempa bo mebaip, . ib. 1 po pij co par par, . . ib. ' lepiun co cuachaio, . . ib. 'in, ib. lap, ib. : leapjaio, ib. 1 lap naipe pean oa papcuo, ib. 1 mao a Cennpelacaib, . ib. ' bep a placup Ian rhopa, . ib. '' pooail, ib. ' oo macaib pij poa, . . ib. ' occ, ib. 'a, ib. 'a, • .252 bfjnuall, ib. ■ cama gan cleir, . . . ib. '■ (bis) oecaib maice, . . ib. 1 -| mi. cpuao cloibeam, . ib. ' (bis) comoaice, . . . . ib. ' na nee, ib. ; pin, ib. 5 buaoa, ib. 1 car o'puajpa aip na cpen cip, ib. 3 oo pep in lino, . . . . ib. 'in ib. aepao, .... corhpfjao, j-an ceac l naip, blejaip ou pi na, PAGE. oul oo ruarhaib na, . . 254 caippreac, ib. oo comaioearh a pleioe, ib. cede l, ib. 6p ib. i, ib. . . . . ib. . . . . ib. . . . . ib. . . . . ib. . . . . ib. oul jaca mipco cfmpaij, ib. r a > F U 'P'S> pip oeap, .... nu rij, .... o' pfgain, .... 1 ^an oula ap apcap, . . ib. no 2JU pajao, . . . . ib. olijfp, ib. ap cuinn, ib. o pi apail, ib. occ, ib. rpebap cip, ib. -) occp:^. ailbm, . . . ib. Ctcaipe uao ou caipel, . ib. caebcaipean, . . . . ib. combeo, 256 i jnima co njail, . . . ib. oa macaib pi j p oa pijaib, ib. (These lines are transposed inB). in aen lo, ib. a luipeac pa £a. . . . ib. oa eac maici in opocbeoj, ib. comain compamai j, . . ib. oo ip, 258 1 epi cuipn i epi, .... ib. 1 a lann pijoa co pinn nglan, ib. na pappao, ib. 1 ip muna cecca car cam, eccpa aip peac pijaib. ib. u 290 Various Readings. 151110 upb moip. PAGE. . 258 top, ib. tpi pp. bo, 260 [The following rann not in B.] oip, . ib. pume, ....... ib. 164 , p e y eo a pip , m nc, 165 oa c 166 mop an blijio pi, . 167 pO, ib. ib. ib. 262 168 gupub i a bean pe gac plei£ 1 a peap i cempai^, . . ib 169 amcup, ib '"° comoaic poja noelba ep pe jail -] a pum, ib 171 cpuacna ni eel, ib '" na, ib 173 uarad, ib, uuo, ba, PAGE. . 262 . ib. 5 a , Cpuacna in cimd, ib. cpuacu, 264 a P, ib. ma oa nbeapna ju gnac pain ni jeba gu bpar, . . ib. in mal, ib. mi. pceie baca ip begoal, ib. bo if, ib. ^u cpen uc, ib. com pajaib, ib. o plaic cpuacna cnfpji, . [N.B. — The nine ranns fol- lowing, to the end, are not in B. ; that copy finishes at the foot of fol. 154, a. b., as follows: ib. piNiu. ameN. socam o fcreoma HomiNe s^RiSsit)]. The following remarks on the style of writing observed in the two MSS. (L. andB.) which have been now the subject of comparison, may interest the critical Irish reader. They are offered in addition to what has been said at the close of the Introduction. 1st. As regards aspiration. The dot, as a mark of aspiration, is seldom used in those MSS., and even more sparingly in L. than in B., though the latter is rather the more ancient MS. The letter h, to denote aspiration, is frequently used, but its use is strictly confined to three cases, viz., ch, ch, and ph. This last is rather of rare occur- rence, for the letter p itself is infrequent in the Irish language, and its aspirate of course still more so. The aspirates bh, bh, ph, gh, mh, ph, do not occur once in either MS. Various Readings. 291 The cause of this plainly was, that the school of writing in which the scribes were trained was a Latin school, in which ch, ph, and ch (following the Greek aspirates #, , and 5, i. e. by mb, no, and nj; or, as we have printed them, m-b, n-o, and n-5 ; also in the corresponding prefixing of n before vowels in similar situations, as n-a; thus, peace m-bpuic, oce n-ourh, nae n-gabpa, oeic n-eic. In the cases, however, of words of eclipsing power occurring before the consonants c, p, p, e, eclipsis is never used in these MSS. Now this occurs, not because the eclipsing sound was not adopted in these cases, just as much as in those we had just noticed, but from quite a different cause. It will at once be seen that the conso- nants c, p, p, e, are those in which, in the succeeding century, the act of eclipsing was designated by a simple reduplication of the consonant, viz., by ec, pp, pp, ec; and there is no more doubt that the single let- ters in our text, in the eclipsed situations, were sounded exactly as they are now pronounced, than that those redoubled letters were so ex- pressed: and thus, peache claioim, ochc pailji, in the fourteenth century; peace cclaibim, occ ppailji, in the sixteenth century; and peace g-ctaiDirh, oce b-pail$e, in the eighteenth century, are the same. The parenthesis has also been used to exhibit this eclipsis to the reader, and the text appears thus: peace (5)-clai6irh, oce (b)-pcnlji. Thirdly, as regards the accent, or mark of long quantity. The adop- tion of this improvement, which enables the reader at once to enjoy his text by being informed how the best scholars of the age consider that it ought to be expressed, stood free of all difficulty. Not a single accent is discoverable in the entire text, either in B. or L., and therefore no disadvantage could here arise from the adoption of the accent. Fourthly, as regards the use of the vowels and consonants in these Manuscripts. The diphthong ao, or triphthong aoi, never once occurs in the Various Readings* 293 entire work ; ae is the form generally used, occasionally oe ; therefore, Gaejaipe, and sometimes Coejaipe, never Caojaipe. Theae is used as a broad diphthong, though ending in a slender vowel, and no confusion results from the use of it. Instead of aoi, uei occurs several times; very often ai in which the i is long, and it is accented ai in this edition, as in Cachaip, ouipe, paipe. The diphthong eu never once occurs. It was subsequently invented as a substitute for ea, and very uselessly, as the use of the accent was preferable to a change in orthography. The modern diphthongs Jo and 10 never once occur. The simple vowel i is used, and the reader is supposed to understand that it ends broad. Thus we have pil, not piol; Cpipc, not Cpiopc; pip, cip, cipaib, epicha, not piop, ciop, ciopaib, cpiocha, &c, in such words there was little or no occasion ever to have introduced the " o." In words whose terminations take the slender inflexion, it might, indeed, be said that the distinction afforded between 10 (broad) and 1 (slender) is an advantage, as if the Nom. be made Caipiol, and Gen. Caipil; or Gen. Gipionn and Dat. Gipinn. But in such cases a much better rule would have been to have adhered steadily to the Gen. Gipeann and Nom. Cai- peal, and to have reserved the Gipinn and Ccnpl for the slender ter- minations. The form Gipeann (6ipean0, Gpeanb) occurs oftenest, but it must be admitted that Gipinn, Gpino, &c, in the Gen. also are often found here. The simple e for the diphthong ea, terminating broad, occurs very often; but on the whole it appears, that at the date of these MSS., the use of ea was decidedly prevalent, and a great advantage was gained thereby, for whether the ea (unaccented) ea (e accented) or ea (a ac- cented) be intended, the a always governs or influences the sound. In the same way the simple e is often used where ei is used at other times, as Gle for Gile, Gpe for Gipe, ec for eic, oech for oeich, pcech for pceich. A final i occurs frequently for a final e, as TTIupcpaioi for TTlu| c- pal6e. There are various words in which irregular vowels are found, as ruapipcla for euapapclu; so 50 (B.) for 50. With respect to consonants there is a very general use of the pri- mary (spirate) mute (c) for the medial (vocal) letter (5) of the same 294 Various Readings. organ; as acup (in L.) for ajup (which occurs in B.); co for 50, cear for ceao, coic for cuig, each for jach, ic for aj, cuidc for raioj, and caipppe for caipbpe. There is a good deal of looseness in the use of 5 (i. e. 5) for o (i. e. 6), and vice versa, especially in the ends of Avords and between vowels, asUean pai6 for Uearhpaij, loi£e for luibe, &c. The use of the nn is frequent, but the no in place of it is still more so. There is a circumstance observable in these MSS., proving, as is generally known, that the b in the no was not pronounced, viz., that in a great many instances the b is dotted, thus, no, as may be seen above at pp. 279, 280, &c. W. E. II . CORRIGENDA. The words leabup na c-Ceapc in p. 28, 1. 1, should have been printed na (5)- Ceapc. The MS. B. does not contain the second c. The whole passage in 13., referred to by Nos. '% l49 , to p. 230 (see Various Readings, p. 287), runs as follows : Pacbaim pop an Qr uile, — b. m-ban pop a ban-cuipe, — b. ap [a] gallnib jlana, — b. n-aille ap a injeana, — 6. pnarha ap macaib a m-ban, — b. co^aio lp b. corhpam, — b. 01a oalcaib jonna, — im luao copn lp corhota. It appears by the fourth and seventh lines that the possessive pronoun here intended is the masculine singular; although there is a change to the plural in the fifth line, just as the plural runs through the text in L. Consequently Ctr, the Ford, is referred to, and the division of letters into words in the first line of the text in B. is correct, and the translation should run as follows : I leave upon the whole Ford, — Gift of being good wives upon ITS female bands, Gift, &c. Some omissions to insert the necessary marks of aspiration, eclipsis, and long quantity, in the Irish text, have taken place, particularly in pp. 28, 30, 32, which went to press before the rules to be observed were settled so fully as subsequently they were ; and even in the succeeding pages an attentive observer will detect, occasionally, omissions of the proper marks, which it is hoped the indulgent reader will excuse ; for it is indeed difficult altogether to avoid error in such matters, although there can be no doubt that, with aid so eminent as has been enlisted in the present publication, — Mr. Curry transcribing the MS. for the printer, — and Mr. O'Donovan superintending its progress through the press, — the highest perfection of accurate editing of the Irish text is attainable. But the rules to be ultimately adopted should be thoroughly understood beforehand. In the present case the whole MS. was transcribed in the same manner as that from which the text of the ^eapa, &c. (pp. 2-21) was printed ; and many of the typographic niceties after- wards adopted, were only gradually developed and systematized in the progress of the work through the printer's hands. INDEX. PAGE. A. Abi-iain Mhor (Blackwater, in Mun- ster), 42, n. (Avonmore, in Lein- ster, 196, n. Achadh Dubhthaigh [Aghadowy], church of, 123, n. Finiche, church of, . . . 12, n. Leithdheirg, battle of, 136, 136, n. Chonaire (Achonry), diocese of, 19, re. 103, re. Achonry, diocese of. See Achadh Chonaire. Aedh, son of Eochaidh Tirmcharna, 100, re. , king of Connacht, race of. See Cineal Aedha. Aenach Chairpre, 87, 91, n. m-Bearrain, ... 87, 90, «., 91 Aenghus, ... 61, and Introd., p. viii. Chin Nathrach, .... 93, n. Fionn, 99, re. Nic, 199 Aghadowey, parish of. See Achadh Dubhthaigh. Aidhne (see Ui Fiachrach Aidhne), 108, re., 117 Ailbhe (see Magh Ailbhc), . . 16, n., 17, 203, 203, n. PAGE. Aileach, 31, 35, 119, 121, 125, 127, 129, 130, »., 131, 133, 135, 137 Aileach (Ely), palace of (see Grianan Ailigh), (Greenan Ely), . . . 120, n. Aillinn, Cnoc Aillinne (Knockallen or Dunallen), . 202, re., 203, 210, «. Aill Mic Cuirr, 89, 91, re. Ailpin, son of Eolathach, . 226, n., 227 Aimherghin (Amergin), 107 Aine (Eoghanacht Aine Cliach, and Cnoc Aine, Knockany), 39, n., 46, »., 67, 79, 86, m., 87, 89, 93, 93, n. Air Bile (Ard Bile), .... 90, w , 91 Airgead Ros (Rathveagh), . 203, 203, n. Airteach, territory of, 102, n. AitheachTuatha(Attacots) (see Athach Tuatha), 104, ». Alba (Scotland), 179 Allen (Knockallen or Dunallen). See Aillinn. hill of. See Almhain. Almhain (hill of Allen), 5, 14, n., 15, 203 Alpinus, 226, »., 227 Alplann or Alprann (Calforn, or Cal - pornius, father of St. Patrick), 31, 55, 57 Anghailc (Annaly), 181, n. Annalv. See Anghailc. 296 hided-. PAGE. Annatruim (in Upper Ossory). See Menedroichet Eanach Truim. Antrim, baronies of, . . 161, re., 170, re. Aodh. See Aedh. Aoibh Eachach. See Ui Eachach. Aonach. See Aenach. Aonghus. See Aenghus. Ara or Ara Tire (barony of Ara or Duhara), .... 43, 47, 61, 63, 87 Cliach, 46, re. (great Island of Aran), . . . 92, n. Aras, the three, 87, 91, n. Araidhe (Dal Araidhe), . 23, 23, n., 159, 159, n. Arda (barony of Ards), 157, 164, n., 165 Ard Achadh (Ardagh), 9, re. Arda Cianachta, or Feara Arda (baro- ny of Ferrard), 186, n. Ardamine, 202, n. Arda Sratha (Ardstraw), . . . . 121, re. Ard Bile or Air Bile, . ... 87, 90, n. Ard Chonaill, 87 Ardghal in Meath), . 177, 179, 179, re. Ard Macha (Armagh), . 142, n., 227, re., 249, n. Ard Mic Conainn or Ard Mic Conaill, 87, 90, n., 91 Ardpatrick (in Limerick), ... 42, n. Ard Ruidhe, 87, 91 Ard Sratha (Ardstraw), . 121, «., 129, 133, re. Ards, barony of (see Arda), . .164, n. Ardstraw. See Arda Sratha. Arklow, 196, re. Arklow, barony of, 13, re. Armagh, barony of, . . 148, re., 151, n. See Ard Macha. Asal, Cnoc Droma Asail (Tory Hill, near Croom, Limerick), . 92, re., 93 Askeaton. See Eas Geibhtine. Assaroe. See Eas Aedha Ruaidk. PAGE. Ath Cliath (Dublin), 12, «., 33, 41,51, 55, 225, 226, re., 227, 229, 231, 231, n., 232, re., 233 na Borumha (at Killaloe), . 20, ». Gallta, 5, 20, w., 21 Athlone, barony of, 105, re. . See Ath Luain. Ath Luain (Athlone), . 5, 19, re., 264, re. Maighne (a ford in the parish of Mayne, in Westmeath), 3, 10, 10, re. Athach Tuatha (see A itheach), . . 174, n. Ath Truistean, .... 212, n., 215, re. Athboy, (see Tlachtgha), ... 10, n. Athy, parish of, 210, n. Attacots. See Aitheach and Athach Tuatha. Augher (in Fir Leamlina), . . . 152, n. Avonmore. See Abhain Mhor. B. Badharn, cataract of, . . . 34, re., Baile Mor Locha Seimhdidhe ( Bally- more Loughsewdy), 249, Baiscinn (see Corca Bhaiscinti), 43, 48, 49, Baiscneach, (see Baiscinn) . 65, 65, Ballaghkeen, barony of, ... 202, Ballaghmoon. See Mughna h-Eal- chain and Bealach Mughna. Ballaghmore. See Bealach Mor. Ballovey. See Odhbha Ceara. Ballyadams, barony of, . 214, n., 215, Ballyboy, barony of, .... 180, Ballybritt, barony of, 79, Ballycarbery, 47, Ballycowen, barony of, .... 180, Ballygawley (in Tir Leamhna), . 152, Bally -mack- elligott (tee Ard Bile), 90, Ballymore Loughsewdy. See Baile Mor Locha Seimhdidhe. Ballynacourty, parish of, .... 92, 35 Index. 297 PAGE. Ballynahineh, barony of, . . . . 100, n. Banagh, barony of, 130, /*. Banbha (Ireland), 158, n., 159, 225, 237, 238 Bandain (Bandon) river, .... 59, n. Bangor (see Beannchor), .... 164, n. Barm (the river, upper and lower;, 37, w., 38, »., 123, n., 124, »., 147, n. Bantry. See Beanntraidhe. Bard, meaning of the word, . . . 183, n. Barnane Ely (Devil's Bit), ... 78, n. Barnecullen (see Cualann), ... 13, n. Barnismore (see Bearmas), 19, n., 34, n. Barrane (Aenach m-Bearrain), . 90, n. Barrow, River (see Bearbha), 5, 15, n., 1(3, »., 17, »., 210, »., 212, «. Barry (Philip and William de Barry). See Barrymore and Ui Liathain. Barrymore, barony of, 73, n. Battle of Achadh Leithdheirg, or Cam Achaidh Leithdheirg (see Achadh Lcithdheirgh), . 136, w., 137, 153, n. Battle of Ardeoran, 161, n. Bealach Mughna, . . . 230, n. — Cluain Tarbli (Cloutarf ), 207, n. Crinna, 186, n. Magh Tuireadh, . . . .115,??. Taillte, 194, n., 205 Beal Atha naTeamhrach (see Teumhair Luachra), 90, n. Bealach Duibhlinne, 14, n., 15 Gabhrain, ... . 32, n. ■ na Lnchaide, 20, n. Mor ( Ballaghmore), . .260,?*. Mughna, battle of, ... 58, n. Bealltaine (May-day), 3, 11 Beanna Boirche (see Boirche), 38, » , 148, n., 165, n. Beannchor (Bangor), .... 164, n. Beanntraidhe (Bantry), . 89, 95, 95, n Bearbha (Barrow) river, 5, 15, n., 16, «., PACK. 17, 7i., 40, «., 203, 210, »., 212, »., 213, n. Bearnas (Barnismore), 19, 19, n., 34, n., 35 Bearnas Chonaill (Harnismore), . 35, n. Beam tri Carbad, 20, n. Beithlinn. See Belin. Bekan, parish of, 100, n. Belin (Beithlinn), parish of, . . . 210, n. Belvoir Park, 172, n. Benean, 29, 33, 51, 53, 61, 63, 69, 71, 81, 89, 97, 99, 111, 113, 119, 137, 145, 155, 157, 169, 177, 185, 205, 219, 225, 238, and see the Introd., p. ii., &c. Bile Tortan, 151, n. Blaekwater Kiver (in Minister). See Abhain Mhor. Blaekwater River (in Ulster), . . 152, n. Bo Neimhidh (water of), ... 7, 25 Bochluain, church of, 215, n. Boinn (River Boyne), 3, 9,n., 11, »., 21, ra., 226, n., 241, n. Booley. See Buaile. Boirche (see Beanna Boirche), 38, n., 39, 157, 157, 7i., 165, 165, n., 169, 169, n. Boirinn(Burren), . . 43,49, 49, n., do, 92, n. Border tribute, 52, n. Boyle, barony of, ... . 20, »., 104, «. , river, 20, n. Boyne, river (see Boinn), . 3, 9, n , 11, 21, n., 226, n. Brann Dubh, a celebrated king of Lein- ster, 36, n. Branndubh, province of, 36, n., 37, 40, n. Brawney, barony of (see Breagh- mhuine), 180, »., 186, n. Breadach (Knockbreda), 169, 172,?*., 173 Breagh, usually called Magh Breagh, and Latinized Bregia, 3, 11, 11, «., 52, ?>., 177, 178, »., 179, 221, »., 225, 244, n., 245, 267, and Introd., p. iii. 298 Index PAGE. Bregia (see Breagh), . . 87, re., 188, n. Breagh-mhaine ( Brawney), 180, re., 186, re. Breasal Breac, (see Osraidhe), 51, 51, n. Eineaeh-ghlais, . . 195, re., 197 (see Ui Breasait), . . . 147, n. Breice, the oak of, . . . . 5, 19, 19, n. Brian of Archoill, 151, n. Brick. See O'Bruic. Bridget. See Brighid. Brigh Leithe, heath fruit of, . 3, 9, re. Brighid Chille Dara (St Bridget of Kildare), 253, 253, n. Brosna river. See Brosnach. Brosnach, the cresses of the, . 3, 9, 9, re. Brugh-righ (Bruree), 77, re., 85, 85, »., 87, 88, 88, w., 89 Bruree. See Brugh-righ. Buaile (Booley) explained, . . . 46, re. Buais (Bush) river, 159, n. Buinne, race of. See Dal Buinne. Butlers, 49, re. Bunbrosna, 9, re. Burgheis Ua Cathain (Burrisokane), 52, re. Burgheis Umhaill ( Burrishoole). See Umhall. Burkes, 67, n. Burren. See Boirinn. , barony of, ... 49, re., 65, n. Burrishoole, (Burgheis Umhaill) ba- rony of, 56, re., 98, n, Burrisokane (Burgheis Ua Cathain), 52, re. Bush, river. See Buais. Caechan Boime (in Boirinn), . 92, re , 93 Caelan (see Gaileanga), . . . . 188, n. Caen-dram (an old name of the hill of Uisneach), 249,249, n. Caeimbghin (St. Kevin), 253 Caenraidhe (Kenry), 77, n. PAGE. Cael Shaile Ruadh (Killary), . . 100, re. Caerthainn (see Tir Chaerthabui), 122, re. Cahallan. See O'Cathalain. Caherkincon. See Cathair China Chon. Cahersiveen, 47, re. Caille Eachach, 179, 179, re, Caille Fhallamhain, or Caille an 01- laimh, 177, 182, n., 183 Cairbre, monarch, i. e Lifeachair, . 185 Baschaein, 48, re. Damh-Airgid, 148, n. of Druim Cliabh, Carbury, in Sligo, 130, «., 131 Lifeachair, ancestor of the Oirghialla 146, «., 147, 185 Muse, . 42, re., 48, n., 76, re., 83 , race of (the Musc- raidhe), 83, w. Riada, tribe of (the Dal Ria- da), 160, re. Cairbre. See Sliabh Chairhre. Caiseal (Cashel), . . 5, 15, 17, 29 to 89, passim, 99, 230, »., 255, 257, 259 , supposed derivation of the word, 29 (Cashel), king of, his seats, 87 Caislean Ui Liathain (Castle Lyons), 72, re. Carberry, barony of (in Cork), 46, w., 76, «., 85, n. Carbury, barony of, (in Sligo), . 1 30, re. Carey, barony of. See Cathraidhe. Carlow, Fotharta of, 221, a. Carman (games of), 5, 16, re. , ancient name of the site of the town of Wexford, 5, 15, re., 40, 41, 203, 211 Cam Achaidh Leith-dheirg, battle of, 153, re. Carnsore. See Fothart an Chairn. Index. 290 PACE. Carra, barony of. . . . 108, re , 115, n. Carraig Inbhir Uisee, 159, n. Carraig Maehaire Kois (Carrickma- cross) 154, re. Carriekmacross. See Carraig Ma- chaire Rois. Gas (clann of), . 67, 93, n., 105, »., 256, re. Casey. See 0' Cathasaigh, Cashel. See Caiseal. Castleblayney, 148, n. Castledermott, parish of, . . . . 210, n. Castle Island, 10, re. Castle- Lyons (Caislean Ui Liathainn), 72, re. Castlereagh (Upper), barony of, .161, «., 172, re. (Lower), barony of, . 163, n. Cathair Chinn Chon (Caherkincon), 87, 90, n. Chnuis, 87, 89 Chuirc, 87, 91, «. Fhinnabhrach, . . 87, 89, 89, n. Cathairgheal, 91, re. Cathair Ghleanna Amhnach (Glan- worth), 87, 90, n. na Mart (Westport), . . 98, n. Meathais, 87, 90, n. Thuaighe, 87, 89 na Steige (Stague Fort), . 90, re. Cathal (see Leath Chat hail), 165, re., 169, ii., 173 Cathaeir, king of Leinster and mo- narch of Ireland, A. D. 358, . . 208, re. Mor, king of Leinster and mo- narch of Ireland in the second cen- tury 192, 193, n. , race of, . . . 45, «., 192 , will of, 192 Cathraidhe (Carey), 171, n. Ceall Abbain, 214, n. PAGE. Ceall Ausaille (Killossy), .... 212, it. Ceann Gabhra, ib. Mara (Kenmare), 51 Nathrach, .... 89, 93, 93, ». Sleibhe, 93, re. Ceanann's wood. See Coill Chea- nainn. Ceatach (son of Cathaeir Mor), . . 1 ( J7 (see UiCeathaigh and Ikeathy), 197, a. Ceneal Aedha, 99, 117 Chess and chess-boards, 35, 35, «., and Introd. p. lxii. Cian (son ofOilioll Olum), race of, 51, 66, n., 78, n., 103, «., 122, n., 186, n., 187, n., 188, n. Cianachta (race of Cian), 51, 119, 122, «., 123, 132, »., 133, re., 186, n. Breagh, 187, re. Gleanna Geimhin, . . . 129 Ciar, race of, 48, re., 100, re. Ciarraidhe Luachra, i. e. of Munster (Kerry), 42, «., 43, 48, re., 49, 61, 65, 65, ii., 69, 75, »., 84, re., 97, 100, n., 101, 103, 166, n., 259 . Aei, i. e. of Connacht, 97, 100, n., 101, 103, 104, re. Airtich, 103, n. Locha na n-Airneadh, . 101, n. Cill (Kill, near Naas), . . . . 212, n. Abbain, 213, re. Achaidh Sinchill, church of, . 216, n. Droma Foda, church of, 216, n. Beacain (Kilpeacon), .... 42, re. Ceri (Kilkeare), 42, re. Cheire (Kilkeary), nearNenagh, 29, it. Da Chealloc (Kilmalloek), . 77, n. Corbnatan, 212, re. Faelain 214, n. 300 Indt PAGE. Cill Fiacla (Kilfeakle), 42, n. Fionnabhraeh (Kilfenora), . 89, n. Mhic Duach (Kilmacduach), dio- cese of, 108, n. Mor, 148, n. Osnadha (Kellistown), . . . 211, n, Cineal Aedha of Aidhne (the tribe name of O'Seachnasaigh ( O'Shaugh- nessy)), 109, 109, »., 113 of Eaa Ruaidh, 97, 99, 117, 127, 130, «., 131 m-Bece (Kinelmeky), . . 59, n. Boghaine, in the barony of Banagh, in Donegal, 127, 130, n., 131 Cobhthaigh, 203, n. Chonaill (see Tir ChonaUl), 31, 119, 130, n., 267, n. Dobhtha, 265, n. Eanna, .... 127, 130,n., 131 Eoghain (see Tir Eoghain), 267, n. Fhaghartaigh (Kinelarty), barony of, 164, n. Lughdhach, . 127, 131, 131, ». Cionaeth (Kenny) O'Morna, . . 161, n. Claenadh (Clane) church, 205, »., 222, n. Claen Rath (at Tara), 187 Clane. See Claenadh. Clane, barony of, 205, n. Clanbrazil. See Clann Breasail. Clanconway. See Clarma Conmhuighe. Clangibbons (barony), 78, n. Clankee, barony of, 188, n. Clanmalior. See Clann Maeiliaghra. Claninauriee, barony of, . 90, »., 100, n. Clanwilliam, barony of, . 12. «., 92, «.. Clann Aedha Bnidlie (Clannaboy), 163, n. . Aeilabhva, 173, w. Breasail (Clanbrazil), . 148, n. Ceithearnaigh 102, n. PAGE. Claim Colla, 37, «., 142, n., 156, n. 159, »., 161, a Maeiliaghra (Claninalior), 193, n. Neill, 52, »., 53. Clannaboy. See Claim Aedha Buidhe. Clanna Conmhuighe (Clanconway), 180, h. Chais, 63 Rudhraidhe, . 36, »., 148, «., 153, «., 159, n., 162, »., 166, «., 248, n. Claine (a seat of the king of Caiseal), 89, 92, »., 93 Clare, barony of, in the county Gal- way) 107, ii. Cleare Island, parish of, 46, n. Cliach (see .line Cliach), 39, 39, »., 71 Clogher, see of, 121, n. , 152, n. Head, 186, n. Clonard 12, n. Cloncurry. See Cluain Conaire, Clonderlaw, barony of, 48, »■ Clones. See Cluain Eois. Clonlisk, barony of, 79, m Clontarf. See Cluain Tarbh. Clooncraffield. See Cluain Creamh- choille. Cloonsost (see Cluain Sosta) and Cloonsast, parish of, 214, n. Cloyne. See Cluain Uamha. Cluain Conaire (Cloncurry), 205, «., 212, n. Gonaidh, church of, . . .181, n. Creamhchoille (Clooncraffield), 100, a Eois (Clones), 172, it. Fearta Mughaire, church of. 2 It!, n. Fota, 215, n- Imorrois, 216,// Mor, church of. . 186, >/ , 211. //. Sasta, and 214, n. Sosta (Cloonsost), church of, 216, ». Tndea 301 PAGE. Cluain Tarbh (Clontarf) 72, n. Damha (Cloyne), . 8 7, 89, 89, n Cnoc Aillinne (Allen), 202, n. Aine (Knockany), . 39, n., 46, n. Breadaigh (Knockbreda), . 172, n. Droma Asail (Tory Hill), . 92, n. Grafann (Knockgraffon), 88, n., 91,w. Maeldomhnaigh (Knockmel- down), 1G, w. Coagh (in Tyrone), . . . 165, n. Cobha, (see Ui Eachach), . 157, 165, n. Cogart, the term explained, . . . 200, n. Coill Cheanainn (Ceanann's wood), 228, n. 229 Coirr-shliabh (Curlieu mountains), 20, n. Cokiston, 13, n. Colaro mac Criomhthainn, . 199, 199, n. Coleraine, barony of, 123, n. Colman (patron of Ui Fiachrach,), 109, n. Colla Uais, . . 106, »., 121, b., 122, »., 123, »., 141, »., 151, n. daChrioch, 106, »., 141, w., 146, b., 1 17. n . 148, n., 151, »., 152, n., 153, n. Meann, . . 106, 137, 141, 141, n. Collas, the three, 22, n., 141, 145, 153, «., 166, n. Collins. See O'Coileain. C'omar (see Fan Chomar, Tri Co- mar), 12, w. Comharba, its meaning, . . . . 50, n. Conaille Muirtheimhne, 22, n. Conaire II., 159, n. Conaire Mor, race of, 42, n., 47, «., 48, »., 59, n., 84, n. Conall (see Tir Chonaill), 35, 127, 247, 267 Cearnach, . . . 166, n., 214, n. Gabhra, 76, n. Conall's gap. See Bearnas Chonaill. Conall Gulban, race of, . 34, n., 130, n. 132, n. PAGE. Conchobar, province of (i. e. Ulster), 237, v.. 238 Mac Xeassa, .... 237, n. Condons, barony of, 78, w. Conillo, barony of, ... 76, n.. **. n. Conmaicne, 97 territories named from, in Connacht, . 100, n., 101, »., Ill, 115 Chineal Dubhain, . . 100, n. Mara, 100, n. Cuile Toladh, . . . 100, n. (Leitrim), 247 Conn of the Hundred Battles, 51, 57, 58, n., 107, n , 166, «., 184, n., 185, 211, n., 226, n., 238 Connaught (see Connacht and Oil- neagmacht), 5 Connacht, 5, 19, 57, 97 to 1 17. passim. Connell, barony of, 210, n. Connla, the race of, .... 40, «., 41 Coolavin, barony of, 99, n. Coolbanagher. See Cuil Beannchair. Coolestown, barony of, 92, n. Coonagh. See Ui Cuanach. , barony of, 92, n. Corbi (Coirbthi), the term explained, 161, n. Core, son of Lughaidh, 29,51 Corca (of Connacht), . 97, 104, n., 105, 115 Achlann, .... 104, n., 265, n. Bhaiscinn, . 43, 48, n., 61, 75, n., 85, n., 261, 261, n. Dhuibhne, 43, 47, n. Eathrach, 18, n. Firtri, 104, n. Corcaguinny, barony of, .... 47, w. Corca Luighe, . 43, 46, n., 47, 59, «., 64, n., 256, n. Mogha, 104, w. Mhuichet, chief of, . . . . 76, n. 302 Index. PAGE. Corcomroe. See Corcumruadh. barony of. Do. Corcomruadh (see Corcomroe), 49, 11. , 63, G5, Go, »., 75, «., 76, »., 77, 91, »., 1G6, «., 2G1, 261, «., 263 Cormac, monarch, i. e. Mac Airt, or Dlfhada, 184, w., 185 Cas, race of, . . 66, «., 72, n., 103, n. Mac Airt, 14, n., 18, n., 49, n., 104, «., 185 Mac Barone (O'Neill), . 152, n. Mac Cuileannain, 58, »., 59, n., 87, 230, n. Gaileanga, . . 103, »., 104, n., 186, n., 187, »., 188, n Corrib. See Loch Oirbseun. Coshlea, barony of, 92, n. Coshma, barony of, ... 67, n., 77, n. Coshmore and Coshbride, baronies of, 72, n. Costello, barony of, 19, »., 100, »., 103, n. Craebh (ontheBann), 119, 125, 125, »., 129, 133, 133, n. Ruadh (see Red Branch), 214, n. Creagh, parish of, 47, n. Creamhthann, race of, . 152, n., 153, n. Cremorne. See Crioch Mvghdhorn. , barony of, 148, n. Crioch Cualann, 13, n. na g-Ceadach, 200, n. Mughdhorna (Cremorne), 141, n. 148, »., 165, w. O m-Bairrche, 212, n. O m-Barrtha, 212, n. O m-Buidhe, or . . . .212, n. . O Muighe, 213, n. na h-Oirthear, 161, n. Croghan. See Cruachan. Cromadh (Croome), 77, n. Croome. See Cromadh. Crotraidhe, 169, 171, 171, «. PACE. Cruachain, 5, 20, n., 21, 31, 35, and 97 to 117, passim, 263, 265 BriEile( King's County), 221, n. Cruach Phadraig (Croagh-Patrick), 19, n. 115, n. Cruan (the word), explained, . . 2G6, n. Cua (see Sliabh Cua), . 89, 92, »., 93 Cuailghne, 7, 21, 21, ?i., 148, n., 158, n., 159, 169, 169, »., 245, 245, n. Cualann, 3, 13, 13, »., 15, 207, 207, ». 218, n. , mistaken by modern Irish writers, 13, n. Cuan O'Lochain, 8, «., 9, 13, and Introduction, p. xlii. Modh (Clew Bay), . . . . 19, ». Cuchulainn, 168, n. Cu Uladh Mac Duinnshleibhe, . . 167, n. Cu Uladh O'Moma, 162, n. Cuil Beannchair (Coolbanagher), church of, . . . 216, n., 89, 92, n, 93 Cuileantraidhe, . . . 119, 120, »., 121 Cuirrcne, in Westmeath (now Kil- kenny West), . 177, 180, n., 181, «., 188, n. Cuirreach (Curragh) of Kildare, . 210, n. Cularan, 29 Cullenagh, barony of, 214, n. Cumhal (explained), 221 Curlieu Montains, See Coirr-shliahh. Curragh of Kildare. See Cuirreach. Cutt's Fishery, 125, n. Da Chioch Danann (Pap mountains), 75, n. Dairbhre (O'Duibhne), ancient name of Valentia (see Corca Dhuibhne'), 47, 47, n., 49, «., 74, n. Daire Barrach, son of Cathaeir Mor, 172, »., 194, n., 195, 212, n. Index. 303 PACE. Dairfhine (see Corca Luighe\ 61, 64, «., 65, 69, 74, »., 75, 83, 257 Dairc-mic-Daire, 7, 25 Dal, its signification, 159, ». Dala, king of, 71 Dal Araidhe, . 7, 23, »., 155, 159, w., 161, «., 166, n., 2G7 Dal m-Buine, 157, 1G3 Dal Chais, . 21, 21, »., 48, «., 61, 69, 70, «., 71, 72, «., 81 Iarthair, 185, 185, n. Riada, 155, 159, »., 161, 169, 171 Danes. See Galls, Tomar, Sfc. Dar-mhagh, 5, 20, n., 21 Dartraidhe Coinninnse, 145 Dartraidhe, 153 Dartry, barony of, 153, n. Deel. See Daoil. Dealblma (Delvins), 97, 105, 107, 111, 177, 183, 185 (Delvins), from whom de- scended 105, n., 182, n. ■ Beag, 182, n. Mor, 177, 182, «. Cuill Fabhair, . . . . 105, n. Eathra, 182, n. Feadha, 105, n. ■ Nuadhat, . . 105, n., 106, n. Teannmuigh, .... 182, n. Tire da Loch, . . . .105, n. Deas Ghabhair, 195 Mhumha (Desmond, South Mini- ster (see Mumha), 164, n. Decies, baronies of, within Drum and without (see Deise of Munster), 16, »., 93, n. Deece, barony of (see Deise Teamrach), 50, «., 184, n. Deevy. See O'Duibh. Deise (Decies of Munster), 43, 49, 51, 63, 67, 73, 83, 185, 257 PACE. Deise Teamhrach (Deece of Meath), 49, 184, n., 185, 267 Delvins. See Dealbhna. Demi-Fore, barony of (see Fore and Fobhair), 183, n. Derry. See Doire. Devil's Bit Mountain (see Barnane Ely), 17, n. Diarmaid, son of Cearbhall, .... 53 Dinn Eiogh, 5, 15 Disert Conlocha, church of, . . .181, n. mic Cuillinn, Cluain Eidb- neach, 214, v. Meithle Caeile, church of, . 186, v. Dodder (see Dothair), . . . . 5 Doire (Derry), 35 Dollardstown, parish of, . . . . 210, u. Domhnach Maighean (Donaghmoyne), church of, 148, ». Domhnach Mor Muiglie Cobha (Do- naghmore), church of, . . . 166, n. Eacbnach, 186, v. Mor Muighe Luadhat (Do- naghmore), 206, n. Domhnall Dubh-dhamhach, .... 227 Ua Fearghail, .... 223, n. Donaghmore, parish of, .... 94, u. , church of, .... 124, //. . See Domhnach Mor. Donaghmoyne. See Domnach Maigh- ean. Donaghpatrick, 249, w. Donovan. See O' Donnobhainn. Donn's houses, 51, 54, n., 55 Donnagorr, parish of, 124, n. Dortan, 151 Dothair (Dodder) river, . 5, 12, »., 13 Downkelly (Drummaul), church of, 124, n. Dromore. See Druim Mor. Druim Caein, 87, 89, 91, 93. Drumcliff. See Druim Cliabh. 304 Indei PAGE. Druim Cliabh (Drumcliff), . 130, n., 131 Deargaidh, battle of, ... 53 Finghin, 89, 93 Leith, 113 Mor, near Mallow, . . 87, 91, n. Drummaul. See Downkelly. Drung (see Corca Dhnibhne), . 65, 85 Druimne Breagli, the hills of, . . 11, n. Dublin. See Ath Cliath. See Duibhlinn. Dubhthach Mac Ui Lughair, the poet and convert of St. Patrick, ... 235 Dufferin, barony of (see Dvibhthriati), 164, n. Duibhlinn, . . . . 5, 13, 12, n., 39, 253 Duibhneach (see Corca Dhuibhne), . 65 Duibhthir, the race of, 153 Duibhthrian, 157, 164, «., 165, 169, 173 Dumha Dreasa, 89 Dun Duibhlinne, 226, n. Fir Aen Cholca, .... 87, 90 Gair, 87, 90, n. Liamhna (Dunlavan), . . . 228 na h-Uidhre, 124, n. Sobhairce, .... 7, 23, 23, n. Dunlevy. See Mac Duinnshleibhe. Dunseverick. See Dun Sobhairce. Durdru, 29 Falga (Ireland), .... 168, w., 169 Eamhain Macha (Emania), 7, 22, n., 23, 33, 36, n., 37, 99, 106, »., 156, n., 169, 169, »., 241, 241, «., 249 Eanach Caein, 251 Conglais (Killany), church of, 155, n. Eanna, race of (Cineal Eanna), . 131, n. Ceinnsealach (ancestor of the Ui Ceinnsealaigh), 208, n. Boghaine, 130, n. PAGE. Earc's fort. See Bath Eire. Earna, 254, n., 255 Eas Aedha Ruaidh mic Badharn, or Eas Ruaidh (Assaroe), 34, n., 35, 35, w., 127, 130, n. Eas Geibhtine (Askeaton), ... 91,//. Eibhear (Heber), 54, «., 55, 237, 237, n. Eibhleo, 89, 92, n., 93 Eidhneach (Eany), river, .... 130, n. Eile(Ely), 28, n., 29, 71, 78, n., 79, 87, 87, n., 258, n., 259 Fhogartaigh (Elyogarty), 28, 79, n. Ui Chearbhaill (Ely O'Carroll), 78, «., 179, »., 180, n., 258, n. Eire (Ireland), 3, 7, 17, 25, 29, 41, 51, 55, 59, 85, 87, 125, 127, 129, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 155, 177, 205, 225, 229, 238, 241, 255, 263, 267, 272 Eireamhon (Heremon), .... 203, n. Eithne (Iuney), the river, 10, «., 11, n., 180, n., 181, w. Ele. See Eile. Eliogarty, barony of (Eile Fhogartaigh), 28,m., 78, n. Ely. See Eile. See Ail each. O'Carroll. See Eile Ui Chear- bhaill. Emania. See Eamhain Macha. Ennell. See Loch Aininn. Eochaidh, son of Ailpin, . 226, »., 227, 229 Finn Fothart, . . . . 211, rc. (see Ui Eachach, IveagK), 148, n., 256, n. Cobha, . . . 164, n., 165, n. Gundat, 172, n. . Liathanach, 72, n. Muigh-mheadhon, . .104, w., 182, n. Timine, 199, 201 llldr.i 305 PAGE. Eochaidh Tirmcharna, LOO, n. Eochaill (Yougliall), river of, . . 72, ». Eoghan (seeCWa/ Eoghain, Inis Eo- ghain, ami 77/- Eoghain, Tyrone), 34, »., 35, 37, 132, 247, 267 , ancestor of the Eoghanachts. See Eoghain Mor. Aidhrie, ancestor of tlie Ui Fiaehrach Aidhne, 108, n, ■ Mor (ancestor of all the Eo- ghanachts), 46, »., 58, «., 66, »., 72, re., 80, »., 230, ». Eoghanachts (see Eoghan Mor), 63, 66, »., 69, 73 Eoghanacht and Dal Cais, from whom descended, 45, n. Aine Cliach, 4(5. »., 78, ». 80, n. Chaisil 72, ». Locha Lein, .... 59, n. Ui Donchadha, .... ib. Eoir or Feoir (Nore), river, . 88, re., 89 Eolathach, 226, //. Eric, 109, a. Erris (lorrns), barony of, . . . . 108, w Faeladh's rath. See Rath Faeladh. Faherty. See O' Fathartaigh. Failghe Ros, son of Cathaeir Mor, an- cestor of the Ui Failghe (Offalj ), 193, 195, 216, 217, n. Fan-chomair, 3, 12, v., 13 Farney. See Fearn-mhagh. , barony of, . . .136, n., 154, n. Feabhal, lake of (i. e. Locli Foyle), 121, 125, 248, n. Fearghns Luascan (son of Cathaeir Mor), 197 Scannal, 88, »., 89 Feara Arda (Ferrard), . . . 186, »., 187 Ceall (Fercall), . . . 177, 179, ». Cualann (Ferconlen, see Cita- lann), 13, n., 218, n. Manach (Fermanagh), 145, 15 I. ;/.. Muighe Feine, or Feara Mhuighe (Fermoy), . 78, n., 82, «., 83, 261, n. Ros, territory of (see Fearn- mhag, Farney, barony of), . . 154, n. . Teahhtha (see Teabhtha), 177, 181 — — Tulach (Fertullagh), 177,180, v., 188, n., 189 Fearn-mhagh (Farney), barony of, 136, n., 145, 153, n. Fearta-mna-Maine, 20, n. Feartullagh (Feara Tulach), barony of, 180,n. Feegile. See Fidh Gaibhle. Feidhlimidh Mac Criomhthainn, . 56, «., Introd. ji xv. — Fir Urghlais, .... 205 Feighcullen. See Fiodh Chuillinn, Feilimidh (son of Eanna Oeinseallach, ancestor of the Ui Fealmeadha, 208, «. 1 Feimhin. See Magh Feimhin. Feis Teamhrach, . 7, «., 272, Introd. p. 1. Feoir or Eoir (Nore), river, . . . 203, «., Introd. lx. Feorna Floinn, or Feorainn Floinn, 48, n., 85 Fercoulan (see (Juala?in and Feara Cualann), 13, n. F"ereidheach, ancestor of the Osraidhe (Ossorians), 64, n. Fermanagli, or Fir Manach (Feara Manach), 121, n., 154, n. Fermoy, barony of, (see Feara Mhuighe), 78, «., 82, n. Ferrard, barony of (see Feara Arda), 18G, »., 187 X 306 Tndt V \CE. Ferriters, 17. n. Fiacha, father of Cathaeir Mor, . . 203 — Bah-Aicidh, .... 201,203 Suighdhe [ancestor of the Deise), 19, »., 184, n. Fiachra Tort (ancestor of the Ui Tuirtre), 23, n. the race of (see Ui Fiach- rach), 99,111 Fians (the ancient militia), .... 147 Fidh Gaibhle (Feegile), . . . .214, n. Fine Gall, or Fingall, 187, n, F'inglas river, 226, n. Fiodh Chuillinn (Feigh Cullen), . 205, n. Firbolg, 104, n., 106, »., 107, »., 174, n. Fircall, barony of, (see Feara Ceall), 179, n. Fir na Craeibhe, 125, n. — Leamhna, 152, «., 153 — Li (of the Bann), 119, 122, 122, »., 129, 135 — Luirg, . 119, 121, 121, »., 129, 133 _ Manach (Fermanagh), see Feara Manach, 172, n. Fithcheal, explained (see Chess),. 70, n. Fitzgeralds (of Kerry), .... 47, ». (of Limerick), . . . 07, w. , (ofKildare), . . . . 216, n. Flann Feorna, 84, n. Sionna, 58, n. Flaimery. See O' Flannahhra. Fodhla (Ireland), 147, 159 Form Iartharach (in Corca Luighe, or O'Driscoll's country), 59, n., 256, n. Fontstown, church of, 210, w. Fore (Demifore), barony of, . . 178, >/. Forgo, ancestor of the Ui Mic Caer- thainn (see Tirkeerin), . . . 122, n. Forgney, See Forgnuidhe. Forgnuidhe, church of, 181, n. PAGE. Forth. Sc Fotharta. , baronies of, (see Fotharta), 221, n. Forthuatha (in Munster), . . 78,//., 79, (in Aileach), . 120, »., 121 (in Uladh), 169, 172, v., 173 (in Leinster), . 207, 207, n , 219, 220, w., 221, 223, n., 253 Fotharta (Forth), barony of, in Car- low, 211, n. (Forth), baronies in Wex- ford and Carlo w, . . . .221, 221, «. Fothart Airbreach, 221, n. Fothart an Chain (Carnsore), . . 211 ,«. . Oirthir Life, 221, n. Osnadhaigh (barony of Forth in Carlo-w), 211, v., 21 1 Fotharta, 219 Fea (Magh Fea), . . 211, n. Foyle. See Feabhal. Frertchpark, modern barony of (see Boyle), 100, n. Fryars Minors, church of, . . . 161, n. Fuaid (Sliabh Fuaid), . . . 144, n., 1 15 Gabhal, a name of a avooc! and river, and thence of all Leinster, 214, «., 215, 217, 217, a. Gabhair, ... 67, 67, it., Introd. p. lx. .Gabhra (mares), . . 114, «., 246, 247 Gabhran (Gowran), 5, 17, 17, n., 40, //., 41, 43, 59, 59, «., 69, 71, 85, 85, n., 217, 217, n. Gaela, 262, «., 263 Gaedhealga (Irish), .... 86, n., 87 Gaileanga (of Meath), . . 188, n., 189, 244, »., 245, 266, n., 267 (ol'Connacht), . . . 104, n. Mora (Morgallion, barony Of), and Gaileanga Beaga, . . 188, n. Index, 307 Gaileans. See Gaileanga. Gailians Leinstermen), . . 19 1, 194, ". Gailine 213, n Gaill or Galls (foreigners), 51, 55, 210, 221, 225, 227, 220,_2;!1, 249, 253 Gallen, barony of (see Gaileanga), 103, ". Garrycastle, barony of, .... 182, w. Geibhtine, (see Eos Geabhtine), (Askeaton), 89, 91, ". Geimh (winter), and see the Intro- duction, p. liv., 5, 17 Geis. Introduction, p. xlv., ... 12, ». Geraghty. See Mac Oireaehtaigh. Gillemnrry. See Mac Giolla Muire. Gihnor. Ditto. Glais Naeidhin (Glasnevin) . . . 188, n. Glancnrry (Glenwherry), .... 170, w. Glanworth. See Gathair Ghleanna Amhnach. Glasnevin. See Glais Naeidhin. , monastery of, .... 188, n. Gleann a Choire, (see Glancnrry'), 170, n. Amhain, 03, 07 Anilmaeh (Glanworth), 71, 78, "., DaLoch(Glendalough),chu: of. Finneachta (Glynn), . . 159, n. Geimhin (Glengiven), 50, »., 51, 110, 122, n., 12."). ;/., 133, 1 :'.:;. n. na Muice Duibhe (Valley of the Black Pig), 130, n. Righe, . 36, »., 136, »., 1 is, „. Searraigh, .....">, 14, n., 15 Suilighe (Glenswilly), . . 248, n. Uissen (Killushinn), church of, 194, »., 212, n. Glenann (Upper), barony of, . 191, n. Glendalough. See Gleann Da Loch. Glengiven. Sec Gleann Geimhin. Glenswilly. See Gleann Suilighe. V Vl, E. Glenwherry. See Gleann a Choire. Glynn. Sec Gleann Finnachta. Gowran. See Gabhran. Grafann 89, 91, n. Grange, parish of, 210, re, Rosnilvan, parish of, . . 210, «. Greagraidhe (in Minister), .... «9 Greagraidhe (the Gregories in Con- nacht), . 42, »., 97, 90, 99, «., 101, 103. n., Ill, 113, n. Grianan Ailigh (the palace of Ailcach), 120, w. Guaire (Aidhne), 82, »., 99, 108, n., Ill H. Heber. See Eibhear. Heffernan. See O' h-Ifearnain. Hennessy. See (/ h-Aenghusa. Heremon. See Eireamhon. Howth, • . . 11, n. HuaMeith. See Ui Meith. Huamidhe. See Crioch Ua m-Buidhe. Hunting-sheds, 117 Husseys, 47, n. IIv, generally for names begun with " Ily," — see Ui, as. for Hy-Many. See Ui Maine. Hy-Meitn Tire. See Ui Meal/,. Hvnev. See If h-Adhnaidh. Iar Connacht 100, ». Ibh, generally for names beginning with "Ibh," — see Ui, as Ibh Conaill Gabhra, 70. n. [brickan. See Ui Breacain. , barony of, 48, n. [drone (Ui Drona), barony of, 10, »., 212 [fia and Offa East, barony of, . . 18, h. X 2 308 Index. V W.V.. fkeathy. See Ui Ceataigh. , barony of, 205, n. Ikerrin, barony of, .... 28, «., 78, n. Imaile. See Ui Mail. Imokilly, barony of, 72, n. Imleach, church of, 170, n. Inbhear Mor, or Inbliear Aimhergin, the estuary of Arklow, 196, a., 207, n. ■ Latbarna, Lame estuary, . 171, n. Naile (InbhearJ, estuary of Donegal, 130, n. Inchiquin, barony of, . . . 20, «., 93, a. Inis Eogbain (Inishowen), . 119, 126, n. 127, 132, a., 133 Inishowen, barony of, 34, n. Inis Fail, 57, n. Inis Moeholmog, church of, . . . 195, n. Inis Toide, island of, 124, n. Inneoin, 89, 92, a., 93 Inny river. See Eithne. Iregan, 193, n. Ireland. See Eire, Ealga, Banhha, Fodhla. Irish. See Gaedhaelga. Irrluachair, called Urluachair, 74, n., 75 Island Magee. See Rinn Sibhne. Isle of Man (Manannan), . . . 8, a. Ith, 124, n. Iubhar (Newry), 159, n. Ivahagh, 256, a. Iveagh, Upper and Lower, baronies of, 148, a., 165, n. Iveragh, barony of, 47, n., 49, n., 84, n. Iveruss. See Ui Rosa. ■ , parish of, 77, n. Kavenagh (Caemhanach), . . . 208, Kealy. See O'Caelluidhe. Keenaght, barony of, . . 50, m., 122, PAGE. Kelly. See O' Ceallaigh and O'Cael- luidhe. Kenmare. See Ceann Mara. Kenry. See Caenraidhe. Kenry, barony of, 77, n. Kerry. See Ciarraidhe. Kevin, St. See Cae.imhghin. Kill, parish of. See Cill. Killarney. See Loch Lein. Killary. See Cael Shaile Ruadh. Kilberry, parish of, 210, n. Kilcoursy, barony of, 180, n. Kilcoe, parish of, 46, n. Kilcullen, parish of, 210, n. Kilcrobane, parish of, . . . 59, n., 90, n., 256, n. Killfeacle. See Cill Fiacla. Kilfenora. See Cill Fiunnabhrach. Kilgad (in Connor), church of, . 124, ». Kilgullane, parish of, 261, n. Kilkea, barony of, . . . . 16, n., 210, n. , parish of, 210, w. Kilkeare. See Cill Cere. Kilkelly. See Mac Giolla Ceallaigh. Kilkelly, parish of, 19, n. Kilkenny West, barony of, 180, «., 181, n., 188, n. Kilkee^n, parish of, 100, v. Kilkerrin, parish of, 104, n. Killany. See Eanach Conglais. Killushin. See Gleann Uissen. Killossy. See CeaJl Ausaille. Killyglen, parish of, 171, a. Kilmaconoge, parish of, . 59, n., 256, n. Kilmacduagh. See Cill Mhic Dvach. Kilmaine, barony of, 100, n. Kilmallock. See Cill Da Cheafloc, 42, «., 88, a., 93, a. Kilmac, parish of, ... . 59, n., 256, n. Kilmore, church and parish of, . 148, n. Kilmovee, parish of, 19, >i. Index. 309 Kilnamanagh, parish of, .... 100, «. Kilpeacon. See Cill Beaeain. Kilteely, parish of, 40, n. Kiltartan, barony of, 20, ». Kilwarlin, parish of, 163, «. Kilwaughter, parish of, . . . . 171, n. Kinatalloon, barony of, .... 72, n. Kinealy. See 0' Cinfhaelaidh. Kinelarty (see Cineal Fhaghartaigh), 161, ». Kinehneaky, barony of, . 59, n., 256, n. King. See Mac Conroi. Kinsellaghs (see Ui Ceinnsealaiffh), 208, n. Kirby. See O' Ciarmhaic. Knock, parish of, 1 00, n. Knockany. See Aine and Cnoc Aine. Knockbreda. See Cnoc Breadaigh. KnoekgrafFon. See Grafann and Cnoc Graf aim. L. Labhraidh, or Labhraidh Loingseach, fort of. ... 14, »., 15, 15, n., 51, n. Ladhrann (i. e. Ard-Ladhrann), . 202, n. Laeghaire (the son of Niall), 53, 178, rc., 179, 224, n., 225, 230, »., 231 Laeghaire, son of Fiachra Tort, ances- tor of the Fir Li, 123, n. Lore, .... 15, »., 250, n. Laeighis, or Laeighse (Leix), seven septs of, . . 160, «., 210, n., 214, n., 215, 216, »., 219, 222, »., 223, 200 Laeighseach, Ceann Mhor, ancestor of the Laeighse, 214, n. Laighin (Leinster), 3, 5, 15, 55, 193, 205, 217, 221, 251, 253, 259 Laighin (see Tuath Laighean), 3, 17, 33 Tuatha-ghabhair (northern), Introd. p. lv., 32. «., 33 PAGE. Laighin, Deas-ghabair (sontliern), 88, n., 222, »., 223 Laighne Leathan-ghlas, .... 114, >i. Laithreach Bruin (Laragh brine), church of, 206, ». Lann Elo (Lynally), church of, . 179, n. Laraghbrine. See Laithreach Bruin. Larne. See Latharna. , parish of, 171, «. Larkin. See O'Lorcain. Latharna (Larne), . . 109, 171, 171, n. Latteragh (see Leitreacha), . . J 7, u. Leamhain (see Fir Leamhna), . 145,153 Leap, hero of, Loop Head (see Leim na Con, 75, n. heath Chathail (Lecale), 157, 161, »., 103, 105, n., 109 Chuinn (Conn's Half, or the northern half of Ireland), 15, »., 57, 58, w., 59, 70, 7i. Leath Mhogha (Mogh's half, or the southern half of Ireland). . 53, 58, n. Leatracha. See Leitreacha. Lecale. See Leath Chathail. , barony of, . . . 161, n., 165, n. Leighlin. See Leith-ghlinn. Leim na Con, king of (see Leim Con- chulainn), 69, 85, 85, n. Leim Conchullain (Leap, or Loop- head), . 20, ».,. 48, »., 75, »., 200, n. Lein (Loch Leiu, Killarney), 00, «., 07 Leinster. See Laighin. Leith-ghlinn (Leighlin), . . . . 211, n. Leitreacha (Latteragh), 5 Odhrain (Latteragh, in ba- rony of Upper Ormond), ... 42, n. Leithrinn, 145, 153, 153, ». Leix. See Laeighis. Lent (Corgas), obligation of, . . 4, »., 5 Letterkenny. See Litear Ceannaighe. Leyney, barony of (see Luighne ;, 103, n. 310 Ind& TAGE. Li (Fir Li), people of, . . . 123, 123, n. Lia Fail, 57, n. Liamhain (Dunlaven), 40, »., 41, 203, 203, »., 228, »., 221), 231 Liath-druim (old name of Teamhair or Tara, see Liath Thraigh), 144, »., 145, 189, 237, n., 238 Liathmhuine, 261, 261, «. Liath Thraigh 188, ». Life (Liffey) river, 11, »., 12, »., 186, »., 188, b., 226 Liffey. See Life. Limerick. See Luimneach. Linn Duachaill (Magheralinn), . 159, «. Luaithrinne, . . . . 241,241,/;. Saileach (Loch Saileaeh, Suil- each, orSwilly), 7, 23, 23, «.. 248, n. Lios Dun g-Claire, 92, n. Litear Ceannaighe (Letterkenny), 248, n. Loch Aininn (Lough Ennel, near Mullingar (Westmeath), . . 8, n., 9, n. 13eag, 124, n. Ceann 89, 93 Cuan (Loch Cone, or Strang- ford), 164, »., 165, 249. 249, n. Corrib (see Loch Oirbsean), 105, u. Eirne, 172, n. ■ . n-Eachach. or Loch n-Eathach (Lough Neagh), 166, ». Feabhail (Loch Foyle), see Feabhail, 248, »., 249 Gair (Lough Gur), .... 90, n. Lein (Killarney), 5, 17, 17, n., 53, 50, 59. n., 63, 69, 74, »., 75. 84, »., f-5, 257. 257. a. Lurgan (the Bay of Galway), 105, n. Measca (Mask), 100, n. Oirbsean (Loch Corrib), . . 18, w. 100, n., 105, »., 1 15, >i. Ri (Lougb Ree), . . 264, »., 265 Riach (Loughrea), 262, »., 264, n Locb Saileaeh (Lough Swilly), (see Linn Saileach, or Suileach), 248, »., 249 fair (Owel), 9, n. Londonderry (see Doire'), ... 35, ». Loop-head. See Leim Chonchulainn, and Leim na Con. Lore (Laighin of), why Leinster was so called, 250, «., 251 Lorha. See Lothair. Lothra. See Lothair. Lothair (Lorha), 39, »., 52, »., 53, 230, n. Lougban. See O'Lochain. Lough Cone. See Loch Cuan. Foyle. See Loch Feabhail. Gur. See Loch Gair. Neagh. See Loch n-Eathach. Loughrea. See Loch Riach. Lough Eee. See Loch Ri. Swilly. See Loch Saileach. Lower Ormond, .... 17,//., 198, n. Luaighne, Fian of, 205 Luchaid (in Dal Chais) 5, 21 , Anglicized Lowhid, ... 20, n. Lughaidh (ancestor of the tribe of Leithrinn") 153, w. Lughaidh Dealbhaeth (an ancestor of the Dealbhna, Delvins), . . . 105, n. Lughaidh Laeighsceach (ancestor of the Laeighse), 214, n. Lughaidh Mac Con, ancestor of the Corca Luighe, Dairfhine, (i. e. an- cestor of the O'h-Eidirsceoil or ( CDriscoll), 64. n. Lughair (the poet), 205 Luibneach, 3 Luighne, (barony of Leyney, terri- tory of O'h-Ara), 103, 104, «., 105, 113, 111. »., 1 15. L86, «., 187, 265, 265, «., 266. i,.. 267 Luimneach (Limerick), . . 260, »., 261, 263 Indue 311 PACE, Lune, barony of, 186, n. Lurg (Feara Luirg), . L19, 121, 121, n. Lurg, barony of, 121, n. , men of, 133, «. Lynally. See Lann Elo. M. .Mac Aedha (Magee), 141, «. — Aenghusa (Magenniss), . . 164, w., 165, ». Anna (Mac Cann), . . . . 141, n. Allisters of Scotland, descended from Colla Cais, 141, ». Artain, tribe of (in Down), 163, «., 164, n. Brody. See Maeilin Off Mac Bruaideadha. Cann (sic Mac Anna), . . . 147, n. Carthy. See Mac Carthaigh. Carthaigh (Mac Carthy), . . 45, n., 66, «., 71, n. Catbaraaigh, 52 n. Ceoach (Mae Keogh), families of, 45, n. Cocblain (Mac Cogblan), . .182, n. Coghlan. See Mac Cochlain. ■ con, 64, n., 65 Conmara (Mae Namara), family of, 70, n. ( lonroi (king), 105, n. Cuileannain (Cormac, king of Minister), 87, 87, «., and Introduction, p. viii. Cninn na m-Boeht, .... 212, n. Daibhidh Mor (Mac Davy More), 208, n. Davy More. See Mac Daibhidh Mor. Dei mot. See Mac Diarmada. Diarmada (Mac Dermol |, . 107, n. Mae Domhnaill 141, Donnell. See Mac Domhnaill. Dugalds (of Scotland), . . . 141, Duinnshleibhe (Dunlevy), . . 166. Eochagain (Mageog'he^an), . 52, Eniry. See Mac Inneirghe. Faelain, 205, Fearghusa Ceirbheoil (Diarmaid), his reign, 20, Gilmory (Gilmore). See Mac Giolla Muire, 161, Gillespick. See Mac Giolla Eps- coip. Giolla Ceallaigh (Kilkelly), 108, Epscoip (Mac Gillespick), 172, Mhuire (Gilliniurry), . 161, Phadrnig (Fitzpatrick), Id, Gorman, . . 48, »., 194, »., 212, Inneirghe (Mae Eniry), ... 76, Keogh. See Mac <\-ohi//i. Mathghamhna (MacMahon), . 48, i 70, »., 141, »., 148, Mahon. See Mac Mathghamhna. Murchadha (Mac Murrough), 208, Namara. See Mac Conmara. Oireaehtaigh (Geraghtys), . 107, Dadog (Maddock), .... 208, Uidliir (Maguire), . 120, »., 141, > 154, Macha (see Ard Madia, and Eamh- ain Macho), . . . 149, 171, 227, Machaire Cbaisil, 18, Chonnaeht, 104, Oirghiall 21, Rois (Magheross, parish) of, 154, Maedhbh, 100, Maeilin Og Mac Bruaideadha (Mac Brody) 212, Mael (Bishop), church of, .... 9, 312 Index. PAGE. Maelcobha 161, »., 165, n. Maen-mhagh, 5 Magee. See Mac Aedlia. Mageniss (see Mac Aenghusa), . 165, ». Mageoghegan. See Mac Eochagain. Maguire. See Mac Uidhir. Magunihy, barony of, 47, ». Magh (see Magh Iotha), . 124, «., 125 Aei, . . 104, »., 105, 107, «., 117 Ailbhe, . 5, 15, «., 17, «., 230, n. Brannduibh, 40, n., 41 Breagh (see Breagh), 3, 205, 226, n. Caille, 5, 87 Callain or Cuillinn (Moycullen), 3, 11, 11, n. Cobha, 7, 25, 165, »., 246, »., 247 Dubhain, 131, n. DrucMain, 213, n. Eanaigh Rosa, 93 Fea. See Fotharta Feu. Feimhin, . 5, 17, n., 18, «., 40, »., 49, n. Fian, 82, »., 83 Iotha, 119, 125, 125, « , 127, 128, »., 133, 133, n. Laighean, . . 222, «., 223, 250, n. Leana, battle of, 58, n. Li, 123, n. Life, 226, n. Line (Moylinny), . 142, //., 169, 170, «., 171 Locha, . 177, 178, »., 179, 188, «., 189 Luirg (Moylurg), 107, n. Maistean (see Maistin), . . 5,15 Muirisce, 5, 19 Maghnus Mae Mathghamhna, . . 148, n. Magh Naei, 89, 92, »., 93 n-Asail 89 n-Eadarbane, or Magh n-Edar- ba, 89, 93 PAGE. Magh Kath, 40, n., 41 Rein, 247, n. Saire 87, 90, n. Sein-eheineoil, 106, n. Samhne, 170, n. Teamhrach (see Teamhair), . 2, «., 3 Tuireadh, battle of, where fought, 115, ». Magheralin. See Linn Duachaill. Maghery-t'ouall, 166, n. Magheross. See Machaire Eois. Magheraboy, barony of, .... 120, it. Maigh ( Maigue) river, 77, >/. Inis, 165, w. Maigue. See Maigh. Maigh (Maigue) river, 88, n. Maine, sepulchral mounds of the wife of, 5, 21 (from whom Breagh Mhaine, i. e. Brawny), 186, «. Mai, 205 Mor, from whom Ui Maine, 106, w., 264, a. Mainister an Aenaigh (Mannisteraue- nagh), 91, n. Maistin, plain of, 14, n. ■ (generally called Mullaghmast), (see Magh and Mullagh Maistean), 14, n. Mannisteranenagh. See Mainistir an Aenaigh. Mancha (or Moncha, or Monaigh Uladh, descended from Monach of Leinster). See Feara Manach, 169, 172, n., 173 Mann (see Manann), 3 Manann (Mann), 3 , the present Irish name of the Isle of Man, 8, n. Maryborough, East, barony of, . . 214, n. , West, barony of, . . ib. Index. 813 p \ • . i . Massareene (Upper), barony of, . lt>:>, n. (Lower), 23, n. Matal, tlie term explained, . . 38, «., 39 Mathghamhain (Mahon), king' of Mun- ster, 67, u Mayne, river (see Atlt Maighne), . Jn, n. May-day (see Bealltaine), .... 3 Meath. See Midhe. Meg I'Mliir (see Mac Uidhir, Mu- guire), 172, n. Menedroicbit Eanach Truim (Anna- truim), 214, n. Middlethird, barony of, 91, n. Midhe (Meath), 39, 53, 78, n., 183, 188, »., 191, 211, n., 226, «., 231, 267 Mileadh (Milesius), 51, n., 124, >,.., 174. 227, »., 237, «. Milesius See Mileadh. Modh Ruadh (ancestor of the tribe of Corcumruadh), 65, n. Mogh Ruith, a celebrated druid, 78, »., 82, n., 94, «., 104, n. Monach, ancestor of the Mancha, or Fir Manach ( Fermanagh ), . . 172, n. Monahan. See 0' Manchain. Monaghan, barony of, 148, n. Monaigh Uladh (see Mancha), . 172, n. Moone, parish of, 210, n. , barony of, . . . .16, «., 210, «. Morgallion, barony of, 1«8, n. Mount Sandle. See Dun Da Bheann. Mourne, barony of (not Crioch Mngh- dhorna), 38, »., 141, «., 150, «., 16.">, >/. Moyarta, barony of, 48, «. Moy Brey (see Magh Breayh), . 11, n. Moycullen, barony of, 105, «. Moygoish, barony of, 182, n. Moylagh, parish of, 178, n. Moy li nny. See Magh Line. Moylurg. Sec Magh Ling. Muchna, 199 PAGF. Mucnamh (Mueknoe), 148, ». Mucknoe. See Mucnamh. Mueknoe, church of, ih. Mughdhorn (Crioch Mughdhorna, Cre- morne), 145, 154, n., 155 Dubh, 148, «., 150, n., 154, n. Mughna h-Ealchainn (Ballaghmoon), 212, n. Muilchead, a seat of the king of Cai- seal, (Muilchear, now applied to a river), 87, 89, 89, n. Muintir Birn (see Ui Briuin Archoill), 151, »., 246, n. Fathaidh, 105, n. Roduibb, 107, n. ■ Thadhgain, 180, n. Muireadhach Meith (ancestor of the l'i Meith), 148, «., 151, «. Muilleathan (ancestor of theSiol Muireadhaigh), . . . 107, n. Muirisc (Murrisk), 19, n. Muirisc, also the name of a district in the barony of Tir Fhiachrach (Tire- ragh), 19, n. Muiitheimhne, 7, 21, 21, »., 157, 166, n., 167 Muiscrith (see Muscraidhe), . . . 764 Mulholland. See O'MadchallcJn. Mullaghinnone, 92, n. Mullaghreelion. Mullach Raileann. Mullaghmast. See Mullach Maistean. Mullach Maistean (Mullaghmast), 212, 214 Mullach Raeileann(Mullaghreelion), 210, n. Mumha (Munster), 5, 6, 19, 29, 35, 37. 41, 51, 59, 69, 71, 78, »., 87, 219, 255. 257, 259 , the two provinces of (see Tuath Mhumha and Deas Mhum/ta, Thomond and Desmontl), . . . 95 Munster. Mumha. 314 hided PAGE. Murbolcan (Trabolgan), . . 89, 91, n. Murchadh na n-Gaedhall, . . . 209, n. Mur-mhagh (Murvy), . . . 92, //., 93 Murphy. See O'Murckadha. Murrisk, barony of, . . . 56, «., 98, //. Murvy. See Mur-mhagh. Muscraidhe (Muskerry), 29, 42, //., 43, 45, //., 02, »., 63, 09, 74, 75 , divided into six territories, all in Minister, 42, n. — Breoghain. See Muscraidhe Treithirne. ■ Cliuirc. See ditto. Donnagain. See Musc- raidhe Tri Maighe. Iarthair Feimhin, or west i >t' Feimhin, the country of O'Car- thaigh, in Clanwilliam, Tipperary, 12, a., 45, ». Luachra, the country of O'h-Aedha (O'Hea), at the source of the Blackwater, . . . 42, n., 44, n, . — Mitine, or Muscraidhe Ui Fhloinn (Musgrilin), in the country of O'Floinn, in the north-west of Cork, 42, »., 44, n. Tliire (Muskryheery), the country ofO'Donghajle and O'Fuirg (Ormond, in Tipperary), 29, n., 42, n. 45, n Treitheirne or Muscraidhe Breoghain, or Muscraidhe Ui Chuirc, the country of O'Cuirc, in Clanwil- liam, in Tipperary, . . 12, ?/., 45, Tri Maighe, the country of O'Donnagain, in Barrymore, Cork, 12. n.. 45, a. I'i Chuirc. See Muscraidhe Treitheirne. Muscraidhe, I'i Donnagain. SeeA/ws craidhe Tri Maighe. PAGE. I'i Fhloinn. See Muscraidhe Mitine. Muskerry, Muskry, or Musgry. See Muscraidhe. Myross, parish of, 47, n. N. Naas. See Nets. Nas (Naas), residence of the kings of Leinster till the tenth century, .">, 9, 9, »., 99, 203, 205, //., 226, »., 250, «., 251, 253 Nangle, 103, n. Naragl), barony of, 210, n. Naraghmore, parish of, . 14, //., 210, n. Navan, fort or rath (see Eamhairi), 22, n. Navan (Upper and Lower), baronies of^ . . 178, »., Introduction, p. xxvii., note "'. New Chapel, parish of, 92, '/. Newcastle, barony of, 13, n. Newry. See Iubhar. river, 136, n. Newtown- Ards, 164, n. Niall of the Nine Hostages, race of, 34, n., 53, 107, «., 108, n., 130, »., 131, n., 135, 135, «., 151, «., 166, «., 178, »., 230, n. Niall O'Neill (A. D. 1387), . . 22, n. the Haughty, 148.//. Niallan, race of (see CFNeilland, barony), 147, //. Nic, (see Aenghus Nic), 199 Nicholastown, parish of, .... 210, //. Nore, river. See Eoir and Feoir. Norse tribes (see Fingall), . . . 220, n. Northmen, Norwegians, &c, . . 226, n. North Minister (sec Tuath Mhumha), 105, n. Xowlan. Sec 0' Nuallain. Tnde. 315 o. Oath of a hostage 140, n. O'Baeigheallain (O'Boylan), . . 153, n. ( PBaiscinn, 48, ». O'Bearga, 77. ». O'Beirne. Sec- O'Birn. O'Birn (O'Beirne), 265, n. O'Boylan. See O'Baeigheallain. O'Boyle. See O'Buighill. O'Braein (O'Breen) 186, » O'Brain (O'Byrne) 205, n. O'Breen. See O'Braein. O'Briain (O'Brian), families of, . 70, »., 105, «., 212, n. O'Brien. See O'Briain. O'Bruic (Brick), 49, n. O'Bnighill (O'Boyle), 126, n. O'Byrne. See O'Brain. O'Byrne's country, 205, n. O'Caelluidhe (Kealy), 213, n. O'Caeimh (O'Keeffe), country of, 74, «.. O'Caemhain, 108, «., 152, n. O'Caise 212, «. O'Callaghan. See O'Ceallachain. O'Canannain (O'Canannan), . .126, h. O'Caoimh (O'Keefle, see O'Caeimh), country of, 74, n. O'Cahamey. See Ui Catlutrnaigh. < >'Cahmealbhain, 10, n. O'Carroll. See O' Cearbhaill. O'Carroll, Sir Charles, 78, n. O'Carthaigh, 42, ». O'Cathain (O'Kane), . . 50, »., 122, »., 125, n. < I'Cathalaim (Cahallan), .... 45, n. O'Cathasaigh (Casey), . 187, »., 266, n. O'Ceallachain (O'Callaghan), . . 72, >t. O'Ceallaigh (O'Kelly), . 32, »., 52, «., 53, ».. 213, "■ O'Cearhhaill (O'Carroll), . 59, »., 78, n. PAGE. O'Ciarmhaic (Kirby), . . 46, «., 67, »/. O'Cinfhaelaidh (Kinealy), ... 76, ». O'Clery. See O'Clerigk. O'Clerigh (O'Clery), ins . ,,. O'Coileain (Collins), 76, n. O'Coindhealbhain (O'Quinlan), . 52, m. 178, n. O'Conghaile (O'Connell), . 32. »., 17, ». O'Conghalaigh (O'Connolly), . . 53, ". O'Conchobhair (O'Conor or O'Con- nor), 48, «., 50, n., 65, n., L07, n., 122, »., 124, »., 216, n. O'Conchobhair Failghe (O'Conor Fa- ly), 193, »., 216, n. Ciarraidhe (O'Conor Kerry), 49, n., 82, n. Kuaidhri (Koderic O'Conor), 88, n. of Gleann Geimhin, (O'Conor of Glengiven), from whom descended, 122, ». O'Connor or O'Conor. See O'Con- chobhair. O'Conor Kern-. See O' ' Conchubhuir Ciarraidhe. of Glengiven. See O'Con- chobhair of Gleann Geimhin. Faly. See O' Conchobhair Faiigke. O'Connell, . 76, ». See O'Conghaile. O'Connolly. See O'Conghalaigh. O'Cuinn (O'Quinn), 70, w. ( >'Cuirc, 42, n. Odhbha Ceara (Ballovy), parish of, 115, w. O'Deagbaidh (O'Dea), . . 70, n., 93, n. O'Dea. Sec O'Deaghaidh. O'Dempsey. See Diomasaigh. O'Diomasaigh (O'Dempsey), . . 193, w., 216, n. 316 Index. PAGE. O'Dochartaigh (O'Doherty), . . 132, n. O'Doherty. See O'Dochartaigh. O'Domhnaill (O'Donnell), 48, »., 126, «., 131, «., 132, «., 267, n. O'Donghaile, 42, w. U'Donnobhain (O'Donovan), (see Ui Fidhgheinte), 46, n , 67, n. O'Donnagain (Donegan), .... 42, n, O'Donnchadha(O'Donohoe), 72, »., 257, ». O'Donnell. See O'Domhnaill O'Donoghue. See O' Donnchadha. O'Donovan. See O'Donnobhain. O'Dooley. See 0' ' Dulhlaighe. O'Dowda. See O'Dubhda. O'Driscoll. See O'h-Eidirsceoil. O'Driscoll's country. See Corca Luighe. O'Dubhagain (O'Dugan), ... 78, n. O'Dubhlaighe (O'Dooley), . . . 180, m. O'Dugan. See O' Dubhagain. O'Dubhda (O'Dowda), . . . . 108, n. O'Dunne. See O'Duinn. O'Duibhchilline 212, n. O'Duibh (Deevy), 216, n. O'Duinn (O'Dunne) 193, ». O'DuibhtMre 152, w. O'Faelain (Phelan), 49, n. O'Failbhe (O'Falvy), family of, . 47, n. O'Falvy. See O'Failbhe. O'Farrell. See O'Fearghail. O'Faherty. See O'Fathartaiyh. O'Fathartaigh (O'Faherty), . . .105, ». Offaly. See Ui Failyhe. OflFelan. See Ui Faelain. O'Fiachra, 196, n. O'Fiachrach (Opheathrach), . . 121, w. O'Fionnachtaigh, 107, n. O'Fionnallain 182, n. O'Fogarty. See O'Fogartaiglt. O'Fogartaigh (O'Fogarty), . . . 78,n. O'Flaherty. See 0' Flaithbheartaigh. PAGE ()' Flaithbheartaigh (O'Flaherty),. 98, n O'Flanagan. See O' Flanayain. O'Flanagain (O'Flanagan) . . . 120, « O'Flannabhra (Flannery), ... 76, n O'Fhloinn (O'Lyn), . . 141, n., 159, n O'Floinn (O'Flynn), 42, n O'Fuirg 42, « O'Gadln-a (O'Gara) 103, n O'Gara. See O'Gadhra. O'Gairbhith (O'Garvey), 107, n., 165, n. 208, n O'Galchobhair (O'Gallagher), . .126, n O'Gallagher. See O'Galchobhair. ( >'Garvey. See O' Gairbhith. O'Gormain (and see Mac Garmain), Ui Bairrche, descended from Daiie Barrach, son of the monarch Ca- fchaeir Mor, 212, n O'Gorman. See O' G or main. O'h-Adhnaidh (Hyney), . . . . 105, n O'h-Aedha (O'Hea), 42, n O'h-Aenghusa (Hennessy), . . . 188, n O'h-Again (O'Hagan), 36, n O'Hagan. See O'h-Again. O'Ainbhith (O'Hanvey), .... Ki5, n O'h-Ainlighe (O'Hanly), . . . 265, n O'h-Airt (Harte or O'Hart), 32, n., 53, n O'h-Anluain (O'Hanlon), . . . 141, n O'Hanlon. See O'h-Anluain. O'Hanlan's country. See Oirthear, (Orior). O'Hanly. See O'h-Ainlighe. O'h-Anmchadha, 72, n O'Hanratty. See O'h-Innreachtaigh, ( ('Ilanvey. See O'h-Jinbhith. O'Hannefey. See O'h-Ainbhith. O'h-Aodha. See O'h-Aedha. O'h-Aonghusa. See O'h-Aenghusa. O'h-Ara (O'Hara), 103, n O'Hart. See O'h-Airt. O'h-Eidhin (O'Heyne), 108, »., 109, n Tnde, 317 PAGE. O'h-Eochadha, 166, ». O'h-Eidirsceoil (O'Driscoll), 46, »., 59,«., G4, n., 67, «., 75, »., 257, re. O'h-Egnigh (O'Hegny), . . . . 154, n. O'Heguy. See O'h-Egnigh. O'h-Eidhin, 109, ». O'Heyne. See O'h-Eidhin. O'h-Ifearnain (Heffernan), ... 45, n. O'h-Innreachtaigh (O'Hanratty), 148, n. O'h-Oncon, 208, n. O'h-Uidhrin (O'Heerin), .... 42, n. Oilean mor Arda Neimhidh, . . . 72, re. Oilioll, king of Ui Maine, . . . .107, re. Ceadach, .... 200, »., 201 Earann, ancestor of the Earna, 254, n. Flaun-beag, 230, n. ■ Olum, 45, 46, »., 53, 53, n., 57, «., 59, 66, re., 72, «., 78, »/., 85, 88, n., 103, re., 122, »., 186, »., 187, re., 188, n , 256, »., 230, n. Oilneagmacht (ancient name for Con- nacht), 5 Oirbsean (Loch Corrib), . . 5, 18, »., 19 Oirghialla (Oriel or Uriel), 21, n., 22, re., 33, 37, 121, 135, 136, «., 137, 138, »., 139, 139, «., 140, re., 141, 141, re., 142, n., 143, 147, 148, n., 151, re., 152, n., 161, »., 165, «., 166, re., 246, «., 247, «. Oirthear (Orier), Crioch na n-Oir- thear, in Oirghialla, 148, n. , in Uladh, . 157, 161, 161, n. O'Kane. See O'Cathain. O'Keeffe. See O 'Caeimh and Ui, Caeimh. O'Kelly. See OCeallaigh. Olethan (see Ui Liathain), . . . 72, n. O'Laidhghin, 212, w. O'Leochain (Louglian), and see O'Lochain, 188, n. O'Liathain (see Ui Liathain), . . 72, n. O'Lochain (Cuan), author of the poem on the Geasa, &c, 9, 13, and Intro- duction, p. xlii. O'Lochlainn (O'Loughlin or O'Logh- len), chief of Boirinn (Barren), 49, «., 65, v. O'Loingsigh, 45, n. O'Lomain, 262, n. O'Lorcain (Larkin), . . . . . 211, n. O'Loughlin. See O'Lochlainn. O'Lyn. See O'Fhloinn. O'Machaidhen, 141, n. O'Maelchallainn (Mulholland), . 77, n., 182, n. O'Maeil-eachlainn (O'Melaghlin). See O' Maeilsheachlainn, . 180, w., 182, w. O'Maeldoraidh (O'Muldory), . . 126, n. O'Maelduin (O'Muldoon), . . . 121, n. O'Maellinnain, 1 7-4, //. O'Maelmhuaidh (O'Molloy), . . 52, n. O'Maelriain (O'Mulrian), . . . 212, n. O'Maeilsheachlainn (O'Melaghlin), 52, n. O'Mathghainhna (O'Mahony), . 46, v., 59, n. O'Mahony. See O' ' Mathghamhna. O'Maille (O'Malley), ... 56, «., 98, n. O'Malley. See O'Maille. O'Manchain (Monahan), .... 265, ». O'Mathaidh, 212, n. O'Mathgharahna (O'Mahony), . . 256, n. Omargy (see Sliabh Mairge), . . 194, n. O'Meachair (O'Meaghar), . . . . 78,//. O'Meaghar. O'Meachair. O'Meath (see Ui Meith), .... 148, n. O'Melaghlin (Mac Loughlin). See O' Maeilsheachlainn. O'Molloy. See O'Maelmhuaidh. O'Mordha (O'Moore, Omore, Moore, &c), 210,//., 214, //. O'Mordha. See O More. O'More, O'Moore. See O'Mordha. 318 Index PAGE. O'Morna. See Cionaeth (Kenny \ O'Morna. O'Muldoon. See O'Maelduin. O'Muldory. See 0' Maeldoraidh. O'Mulrian. See O'Maeilriain. O'Murchadha .(Murphy), . . . .208,?*. Omurethie, deanery of, 210, n. Omna Renne, 148, n. O'Neill (the race of Eoghan), . . 132, n. O'Neill of Claim Aedha Buidhe (Clan- naboy), 163, »., 16G, n. O'Neill, Seaan. See Seann O'Neill. Oneilland. See Ui Niallain. , East and West, baronies of, 146, n., 147, n. O'Nolan. See O'Nuallain. O'Nuallain (O'Nolan), 211, n. Ools. See Umhall. Ophaly (East), barony of, . . . .216, n. (West), barony of, . . . ib. Opheathrach (O'Fiachrach), churches <»f, 121, w. O'Quinlan. See O' Coindhealbhain. O'Quin. See ffCuinn. O'liaghallaigh (O'Reilly), . . . 107, n. Orbhraidhe (Orrery), 61, 63, 64, »., 66, «., 67, 89, 95, 95, n. Orel, 89, 93 Oriel. See Oirghialla. ( )rior (( I'Hanlon's country), barony of (see Oirthear in Oirghialla), . 148, n. Ormond (Upper and Lower), baronies of, 29, n., 42, »., 52, »., 7s, b. Ormond, earl of, 78, n. O'Regan. See O'Riagain. O'Reilly. See 0' Raghallaigh. O'Riain (Ryan), 212, n. O'Riagain (O'Regan), . . 32, n., 53, n. ( >'Rourke. See O'Ruairc. O'Ruairc (O'Rourke), L07, n. ( irrerv. See Orbhraidhe, O'Seaclinasaigh (O'Shauglinessy), 108, «., 109, w O'Seagha (O'Shea), ... 47, «., 76, n. O'Scolaidhe (Scully), 182, w. O'Shauglinessy. See O'Seachna saigk. O'Sheas. See O'Seagha. O'Sullivan. See O' Suitteabhain. O'Suilleabhain (O'Sullivan), 46,«., 47, n. Osraidheach (Aenghus), .... 17, n. Osraidhe (Ossory), . 17, «., 40, 40, ?)., 42, «., 51, 53, 55, 59, «., 81, 81, n., 83, 88, w., 214, »., 219, 253. Ossory. See Osraidhe. , diocese of, 17, w. , baronies of, . . 214, w., 258, w. O'Tadhg (Tighe), 21jQ, m. O'Tolairg, 181, v. O'Toole, Laurence. See St. Lorcan O' Tuathail. O'Tuathail (O'Toole), . 205, «., 207, w. Oughteranny, barony of, ... . 205, ». Oulartleigh, 208, n. Owel, Lough. See Loch Uair. ( )wney, barony of. See Uaithne. Owles. See Umhall. P. Tap mountains. See Chinch Danann. Patrick, Saint, , of his angel, Victor, prophe - sying his coming and the supre- macy of Caiseal, 29 , his father called A lplann, . 31 Alprann, 55, 57 . in Latin Cal- pornius '. . 31, ». called Ua Deochain Galforn, &c, 225 , his blessing on Caiseal, 31, 51, 53, 55 Tndes 319 PAGE. Patrick, Saint, bis blessing on Ath Cliath, . . . 231, and [ntrod. p. \ii. pro habitatoribus Hibeniia; . 235, and lntrod. p. xxxv. , said to have adjusted the tri- butes of Munster, 51 , story of his converting the Galls of Ath Cliath, 227 Partraidhe (Partly), . . . 115, 115, n. Petits, 180, n. Phelan. See O'Faelain. Philip de Barry (see Barrymore), 72, re. Pobble O'Keerfe (see Irrluachair), 74, re. Poets, privileges of, and superiority to bards, 7, re., 235 Portnahinch, barony of, . . . .214, n. Powers, 49, n. Powerscourt, in Feara Cualann, . 13, n. Pubblebrian, barony of, .... 91, n. Quin, (see O'Cumn), 210, Quinlan. See 0' Coindhealbhain. Quirk. See O'Guirc. R. Racavan, parish of, 124, Kafann, 89, 93, 93, Kaeilinn, 210, 211, Ramoan, parish of, 124, Raphoe, barony of, ... 34, «., 124, ; 131, Raithlinn, 53, 59, 59, re., 03, G7, 69, : 73, 73, n., 83, 83, Rathcroghan (see Cntachain), . 20, Rathcruachan (see CruacAain), . 34, Rathdown, barony of, 13, Rathkeale, Path Geala, ancientlyRath Fealadh, 94, PAGE. Kadi Arda, 89, 94, «., 95 Arda Suird, 94, w Beathaidh (Rath-veagh), . 203, «., and lntrod. p. lx. Cruachain, 10, re. Droma Deilge, or Droma Deilg, 89, 95, 95, n. Eire, 89, 94, »., 95 Faeladh (see Rathkeale), . 89, 95 Easpuig funic, 161, n. Gaela (see Rathkeale), . . 94, re. Libhthen, church of, ... 179, re. Line, 7, 23, 23, n. Muighe, 245, n. Mor Muighe, 245 Rathin Mochuda, church of, . . 179, n. Rathochtair Caillinn, 12, w. Rathveagh. See Rath Beathaidh. Rathvilly, barony of, 208, re. Ratoath, barony of, 182, re. Reachrainn (island of Rathlinn), 220, n. Red Branch, heroes of the (see Craebh Ruadh), 1G6, re., 249, 249, n. Red Hugh O'Donnell. See Aedh Ruadh O'Domhnaill. Rheban, barony of, 210, re. Rings, 35, 35, re. Rinn Sibhne (Island Magee), . . 141, «. River Baun, 159, n. Bearbha (Barrow), . . .210, w., 213, «. Boinn (Boyne), 220, n. Eithne (Inny), 180, re. Eoir or Feoir (Nore), . . . 203, n. Finglas, 220, «. Gabhal (Feegile, or Fiodh Gabhla), 214, v. Lagan, 103, v. Life (Liffey), 180, «., 188, n. 220, re. Maigh (Maigue), .... 07, re. Roa (Roe), 50, re. ; J ,20 Indea FA OF.. River Sionainn (Shannon), . . . 264, v. Suileach (Swilly), . . . . 248, n. Siuir (Siiir), 49, n. Ritairec, 192, n. Rithlearg, 192, n. Roa (Roe), the river, . 122, v., 133, ». Roche's country (see Crioch Roisteach,) 78, n. Rockbarton, 90, v. Roderic O'Conor. See Ruaidhri O' Conchobhair. Roe, river. See Roa. Roote. See Rata. Ros (in Fearney). See Feara Bos and Fearn-mhuighe, 145, 154, w., 193, 193, n., 194, n. Ros Failghe, son of Cathair Mor (see Ui Failghe), 205, 216, n. Roseach (Russagh), church of, . 182, n. Ross, diocese of, comprised in Corca Luighe, 46, n., 64, n. the Three, ... 19. v. 87, 89 Ruadhan (St.) of Lothair, his fasting against Teamhair or Tara, . . 53 Ruaidhri O'Conchobhair (Roderic O'Conor), 100, n. Rudhraidhe, sons of, ancient name for the inhabitants of Ulster, . 240, n., 241 Russagh. See Roseach. Ruta (Roote), 159, n. Ryan. See 0'R.iain, and O'Maehiain. Saddles, . . Sadhbh, . Saint Abban, 209, ?>. 45. n 213. ». — Aedhan mac Aen . Tearmonn Caelainne, 100, n. Mor, ib. Teffia (see Teabhtha), . . . . 3, 10, n. Tegh-Thellain (Tehallan), church of, 149, n. Tehallan. See Teach Theallain, Tegh- Tkellain. Teltown. See Taillte. Templeregan, 13, w. Teora Tuatha (of Connacht), . . 265, n. Terryglass. See Tir Da Ghlais. Thomond. See Tuath Mhumha. Three Collas (see Colla), . 137, 156, n. Waters, meeting of (see Comar), 17, n., 40, n. Rosses. See Ros. Tibohine, parish of, 100, n. Tidowan. See Teach Daimhain. Tigh Conaill, in Cualann, church of, 13, i,. Index. 323 Tigh Duinn, islands at the mouth of the bay of Kenmare, . . . . 51, 51, re, Mic Dimmac, in Cualann, church of, 13, re. Timoling, parish of, 210, n. Tinnahincii, barony of, . 214, re., 216, re. Tinne (a salted pig), 121, n, 'fir Aedha (Tirhugh), territory of, 130, re. — Beccan, 182, re. — Boghaine, 130, n. — Briuin na Sionna, 265, n. — Chaerthainn (Tirkeerin), barony of, 122, n. — Chonaill (Tyrconnell, Donegal), 31, 34, »., 35, 126,7J., 131, n. — Tir Da Ghlais (Terryglass), abbot of, 198, re. — Banna, 184, re. — Koghain (Tyrone), . . 31, 35, 35, re. — Fhiachrach (Tireragh) barony of, 19, re., 108, n, — Mic Caerthainn, 122, re. — OilioUa (Tirerill), 184, re. Tirawley, barony of, 108, re. Tireragh. See Tir Fhiachrach. Tirhugh (Tir Aedha), barony of, . 19, re. Tirkeeran. See Tir Chaerthainn. Tlachtgha, . . . 3, 10, «., 147, 178, n. Toaghie (see Tuuth Eachaclha), 148, n., 151, re. Toinar, prince of the Galls of Dublin, Introd., p. xxxvi., 41, 207, 207, re. Toorah. See Tuath Ratha. Tort, Tuathas of (see Ui Tuirtre), 124, 125 Tory Hill. See Cnoc Droma Asail. Trabolgan. See Murbolcan. Tralee, 47, n., 18, re. Trants, 17, ». I radraidhe, 42, n. PAGE. Treada-na-riogh, a fort of the king of Caiseal, 89, 9:5 Tri liosa, the three Rosses of Donegal, o Trim, church of, 178, n. Trough, territoiy of, 151, re. Tuaim and Tuaim Teanbath, . 15, 15, n. n-Eatain, n-Eidhin, seats of the king of Caiseal, 89, 93 mna (Anglicized Toomna), on the River Boyle, 20, n. Tuaisceart Muighe (a seat of the king Caiseal), 87, 90, re. Tuaithbheal (explained), .... 2, re. Tuath Eachadha (Eochaidh's district), Toaghie, in Armagh, distinguish- ed from the Ui Eachach Uladh, 148, re. Laighean 3, 12, re., 195 IMhurnha (Thomond), 212, re., 260, re., 261, 263 Ratha (Toorah), 119, 120, »., 121 Tuatha (Three), 265, 265, re. Tuatha de Danann, . . . 124, re., 174, «., 248, n. Tuathal Teachtmhar, 6, «., 10, re., 226, re. Tuathas of Tort [Ui Tuirtre], . . 124, re. Tuites, 180, n. Tulach Carboid (Tullycorbet), . . 148, n. Chearnaigh, 39 Dubhghlaise (Tullydouglass), 131, n. Og, Tullaghoge, or Tullyhawk, 31, 33, 36, re., 37, 119, 125, 125, «., 129, 135 Uam-Buidhe(Tullamoy), 134, «., 213, n. Tullagh, parish of, in Carberry, . 46, ». Tullamoy, 213, n. Tullaghoge. See Tulach Og. Tullow, the town of, Tullow Offelimy (see Ui Feilmeadha), .... 208, n. 324 Index. TAGE. Tullycorbet, parish of (see Tiilach Carboid), 148, n. Tullydouglass. See Tulach Dnbh- (/hlaise. Tunics, 33, n. Tuoghs, 124, n. Tyrone. See Tir Eoghain. Tyrrell, ISO, n. V. Uacht-magh, 93 Uaithne (Owney), 43, 45, 45, «., 61, 63, 71, 70, 87 Cliaeh, barony of Owney Beg, Limerick, 45, n. Tire, barony of Owney, in Tipperary, 45, n. Ucht-na-rioghna, 89, 93 Ui Rairrche (Leinster tribe), descend- ed from Daire Barrach, son of Ca- thaeir Mor, Mac Gorman or O'Gor- man the chiefs, . 194, n., 212, ?i., 213 — Breacain (Ibrickan), .... 212, n. — Beccon, a Meath tribe, situate at Tir Beccon, Ratoath, 177, 182, »., 183, 191 — Rlathmaic, tribe of Blathmac, situ- ate at Blathewyc, round Newtown- ards, 157, 163, 163, n. — Breasail, or Clann Breasail (Clan- brazil), or Ui Breasal Macha, a tribe descended from Breasal, situate south of Lough Neagh, . . 145, 147, 147, n. — Bhriain (O'Briens), Mainister an Aenaigh, 91, n. — Briuin, of Connacht, tribes descend- ed from Brian, brother of Niall of the Nine Hostages, 107, 107,w., 113, 115 Archoill, or Ui Briuin of Ulster, descended from Brian of PAOiE. Archoill Muintir Bini, a tribe situ- ate in Tyrone, 145, 151, 151, n., 246, n., 247 Ui Bruin Seola, a tribe of the Ui Briuin of Connacht, in the barony of Clare, county of Galway, . . 18, »., 107, n. — Buidhe, of Leinster, west of the Barrow, hi Crioch 0' m-Buidhe, . 213, 213, n. — Caeimh (O'Keeffes), 261, n. — Catharnaigh (O'Caharneys, now Foxes), 180, n. __ Ceataigh(Ikeathy), . . . . 197, n. — Ceinnseallaigh, descended from Eanna Ceinnsealach, tribes of this race, 194, «., 202, »., 208, n., 220, n., 221, 234, n., 250, n., 251, 252, n., 253 — Chairbre, king of, or Ui Chairbre Aebhdha, tribe of O'Donnobhain, in Limerick, 71, 77, n., 85, n. — Chonaill Ghabhra. See Ui Ghabhra. , . 71, 76, n., 77, 258, n., 259 — Creamhthann, a race of the Oir- ghialla, situate near Slane, 145, 152, «., 153 — Criomhthaiinan, a Leinster tribe situate in Laeghis, in East Mary- borough, 216, «., 217 — Cuanach (Coonagh), east of Lime- rick, 46, w., 92, n. — Chuirp, 89, 95 — Deaghaidh, 196, n. — Dearca Chein, or Ui Earca Chehi, family of Mac GiollaMuire, or Gil- mores, .... 161, 161, n., 172, ?i. — Donchadha (O'Donoghoes), settle- ment in Maguniliy, 47, n. — Dortain, or Ui Tortain, a tribe of the Oirghialla in Meath, . 145, 151, 151, «. Inde& 325 PACE. Ui Drona (Idrone), a Leinster tribe, 212, 7i., 213 — Duach (see Airgead Hois), , . 203, n. — Divnchadha, in Leinster, on the Dodder, 12, n., 20G, n. — Eachacli, a tribe of, descended from Eochaidh of Oirghialla, situate in Armagh, .... 145, 148, n., 149 (Iveagh, in Down), 148, n. Uladh, or Ui Eachach Cobha, 165, n. Mumhan, . . . .250, n., 257 — Earca Chein (see Ui Dearca Chein), 157, 101, n. — Eathach. See Ui Eachach. See Ui Eathach. — Eignigh, 172, n. — Eineach-ghlais (in the barony of Arklow), 207, n. Muighe, . . .212, n. — Faelain (Oftelan), tribe and terri- tory of, . 205, 205, n., 250, n., 251, 252, n. — Failghe (Offaly), tribe and terri- tory of, 193, n., 205, 7i., 210, n., 214, n., 220, «., 221, 252, n. — Fearghail (O'Farrells), . . . 180, «. — Fearmaic, 212, n. — Feilmeadha, 208, «., 209 — Feineachlais, 196, n. — Fiaehrach, 97, 108, »., 109, 113, 117, 119, 121, 121, n. Fionn, or Ui Fiaehrach of Arda Sratha, 129, 133, 133, n., 264, n., 265 Aidhne, . . 108, n., 109, ». — Fidhgheinte, tribe and territory of, 46, n., 63, 67, 67, n., 76, n., 77, »., 78, n. — Gabhla, 252, n., 253 — Ghabhra, 76, v., 77 PAGE. Ui Ineachruis, 195, n. — Laeghaire, 10, w. — Liathain, tribe and territories of, 69, 72, n., 73, 82, «., 83, 256, n., 257 — Mail (Imaile), 207, n. — Maine (Hy Many), tribe and ter- ritory of, 97, 104, 7i., 106, 7i., 107, 111, 114, n., 115, 262, 7i., 265 — Meith (O'Meith), . 145, 148, n., 149 Mara, 148, n. Tire, or Ui Meith Macha, 148, n. — Mic Caerthainn (see Tirkeer'ui), . 119, 122, 7i., 123, 129, 133 — Muireadhaigh (O'Murethi), . 206, «., 207, «., 210, 7i., 212, n., 213, n. — Niallain (O'Neilland), . 145, 146, /«., 147, 148, n. — Neill, race of, . 36, n., 58, n., 120, n., 219, 230, n. — Rosa (Iveruss), 77, w. — Suileabhain (O'Snllivans), . . 91, n. — Tuirtre (see Tuatha of Tort) . .119, 124, n., 129, 135, 151, 151, n., 159, n , 166, 7i. Uilleann Eatan, 89, 93 Uisce Bo Neimhidh, .... 24, w., 25 Uisneach (the assemblies at, see Caen- druim), 6, n., 7, 23, 137, 249, n., 272 Uladh (Ulster), originally applied to the entire province, but here chiefly limited to the eastern part (Down and Antrim), 7, 23, 25, 33, 36, >?.., 118, »., 137, 155, 156, n., 157, 157,«., 158, n., 159, n., 169, 238, n., 243, 245, 245, n., 249, 249, n. Ulidia (applied to eastern or circum - scribed Uladh,) 37, n., 161, »., 165, n. Ullard (church of), 212, n. Ullta, the Ulstermen (see Uladh), 141, n., 217,?-. Ulster. S" P Uladh. 326 /tided; PAGE. Ulster, (old map of ), 148,*., 152, «., 247, n. Ulstermen (see UladK), .... 36, n. Ultonian Eamhain (see Eamhain), . 249 Umliall (see Burrishuole, Miirrisk, the Owles, frc), 56, n., 57, 97, 98, n., 99, 111, 113, n. Una, 226, n. Unfree tribes, 174, ». Urluachair. See Irrluachair. Usk, parish of, 210, n. Valentia, island of, 82, n. Victor (the Angel of Patrick), 30, n., 31 \\. Wax Candles, 14, «. West Breifne, 107, n. Connacht. See Iar-Connacht. Maryborough, barony of, . .214, n. Westport, 98, «. Wexford. See Carman. , Fothartaof, 221,*. Whites, 163, n. V. Youghall (see EocAailt), This day is published, in three thick Volumes, Ato., pp. 2500, THE ANNALS OF IRELAND, FROM THE ORIGINAL OF THE FOUR MASTERS, CONSISTING OF THE HUSH TEXT, AND AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, WITH COPIOUS EXPLANATORY NOTES, BV JOHN O'DONOVAN, ESQ., M.R.I.A. The work here presented to the Public may with propriety be designated a continuation of those Annals of which the earlier portion was published at the expense of the late Duke of Buckingham, A. D. 1826, in the Collection of ancient Irish Histories, edited by Dr. O'Conor, and entitled " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores Veteres." The Duke of Buckingham's publication has long been recognised as the most important contribution which has been made to the Irish historical library since the time of Sir James Ware ; and no student would be consi- dered qualified to investigate any question of civil or ecclesiastical antiquity connected with this country Avho had not diligently perused it. But the Annals therein contained come down no farther than the end of the twelfth century, leaving all the subsequent events of the Anglo-Irish period un- touched ; events of much greater consequence to the present generation than those embraced in the earlier portion, and which, in the Annals of the Four Masters particularly, are treated of with much greater copiousness, occupying at least three-fourths of the entire compilation, viz., from A. D. 1172 to A. D. 16 16. In order to complete this important publication, the Pub- lishers, so far back as 1833, entered into arrangements with Mr. O'Donovan, the eminent Irish scholar and antiquary, to undertake an English translation of the unpublished text of the Four Masters, with topographical and genea- logical annotations, suitable to the high character of the work and to his own great reputation in these departments of learning. The extended character of the collateral researches, collations, and historical proofs, which Mr. O'Donovan has deemed necessary to the due execution of the work, has Z ANNALS OF IRELAND. delayed the period of publication considerably beyond the time the Publishers originally intended, as it has also made the work itself more copious and valuable than even the most sanguine expectations of their subscribers could have expected. It may be proper here to state, that the Annals in question are those which were compiled by the O'Clerys, the hereditary annalists of the family of O'Donnell, after the downfall of that powerful sept, on the Plantation of Ulster. The originals, from which the compilation was made, are now, to a great extent, lost or destroyed ; and this work of the Four Masters, as the chroniclers who were principally engaged in it are designated, remains, in a vast number of particulars, the only existing record from which the facts of Irish mediaeval history can be derived. It was the apprehension of the pro- bable loss of these materials that formed one of the chief inducements to the Four Masters themselves to imdertake their task, which they finished in the year 1636, in the monastery of Donegal, under the patronage (their own hereditary protectors being dispersed) of O'Gara of Coolavin. The motives leading to the compilation are set forth with great simplicity and dignity by Michael O'Clery, the senior of the annalists, in the dedication of the work to O'Gara. " In every country enlightened by civilization, and confirmed therein through a succession of ages, it has been customary to record the events produced by tune. For sundry reasons, nothing was deemed more profitable or honourable than to peruse and study the works of ancient writers, who gave a faithful account of the great men who figured on the stage of life in preceding ages, that posterity might be informed how their forefathers employed their time, how long they con- tinued in power, and how they have finished their days. I, Michael O'Clery, have waited on you, noble Fergal O'Gara, as I was well acquainted with your zeal for the glory of God and the credit of your country. I perceived the anxiety you suffer from the cloud which at present hangs over our ancient Milesian race ; a state of things which has occasioned the ignorance of many relative to the lives of the holy men, who, in former times, have been the ornaments of our island ; the general ignorance also of our civil history, and of the monarchs, provincial kings, lords, and chieftains, who flourished in this country through a succession of ages ; with equal want of knowledge in the synchronism necessary for throwing light on the transactions of each. In your uneasiness on this subject, I have informed you that I entertained hopes of joining to my own labours the assistance of the antiquaries I held most in esteem, for compiling a body of Annals, wherein those matters should be digested under their proper heads ; judging that should such a compilation be neglected at present, or consigned to a future time, a risk might be run that the materials for it should never again be brought together. In this idea, I have, at con- siderable difficulty, collected the most authentic Annals I could find in my travels through this kingdom. Such as I have obtained, are arranged in a continued series; and I commit them to the world under your name, noble O'Gara, who stood forward in patronizing this undertaking : you it was who set the antiquarians at work, and most liberally paid them for their labour in arranging and transcribing the documents before them in the convent of Donagall, where the Fathers of that house supplied them with the necessary refreshments. In truth, every benefit derivable from our labours is due to your protection and bounty, Fergall son of Teig, son of Oileall, son of Dermot," &c. ANNALS OF IRELAND. 6 Of the work so produced there appear to have been four transcripts, all of which, in whole or in part, have come down to the present day ; and it is from a collation of these that the text of the present publication has been printed. In order to secure exactness of translation, all the known accessible translations of Irish Annals, into the English and Latin languages, from the sixteenth century down to the present time, have been compared, and digested into vocabularies, and the peculiar meaning of each phrase in its historical sense fixed and authenticated. The necessity for these precautions will ap- pear from the following observations on this subject of the venerable Dr. Charles O'Conor : " I approve greatly of your intention to get our Annals of the Four Masters, &c., translated. But if not undertaken by a man who has a critical knowledge of the phraseology, with the changes made therein from the sixth to the tenth century, the sense will be frequently mistaken, and a bad translation, in such a case, will be worse than none at all. Even a publication of the Irish text would require the collation of the different manuscripts for restoring the original reading, and correcting the blunders of ignorant transcribers." — Letter to the Chevalier 0' Gorman, May 31, 1783. And again : " But the worst out is, I doubt that you have a man in France or Ireland who could decipher the contractions. In my province of Connaught I know of none (I am sure there is none), myself excepted, who can read these Annals, or explain many of the terms, though they could read them. In the margins of these Annals you will find several notes of mine, and I would caution you against their being transcribed, lest they should be mistaken for any part of the original." — Letter to the Chevalier 0' Gorman, Sep. 14, 1783. While this care has been taken to secure perfect accuracy in the text and translation, all the accessible depositories of information here and in Great Britain have been made tributary to the topographical, genealogical, and general illustration of the subject ; and the Publishers feel themselves war- ranted in stating, that so exact and copious a history of the places, families, and descents of an entire kingdom, through a period of 500 years, has never before been published in any one work in the British islands. In presenting so great a contribution to the literature of their age, the Publishers cannot but advert to the happy progress which this country has lately made in the grave and noble pursuits of historical learning, and to the growing appreciation amongst all classes of the authenticity and value of our native annals, genealogies, and historical records. The opinions which so long consigned these evidences of past times to contempt and oblivion are no longer entertained in any seat of learning or of liberal knowledge. It is now generally acknowledged that influences, originating in the peculiar insti- tutions and manners of the early Irish, continue in active operation among the mass of the present population ; and that it is as desirable for the prac- tical statesman or legislator, as for the philosophic historian or moralist, to 4 ANNALS OF IRELAND. be acquainted with the nature and effect of such agencies. It is also felt that the sentiment of attachment to the country, so essential for the union and safety of society, is greatly strengthened by local associations, and by identifying knoAvn places with past events. In this latter point of view the present publication possesses extraordinary claims on the attention of all parties interested in the soil ; inasmuch as there is no locality of any note in Ireland which is not ascertained by its ancient name, and associated with its proper series of events, by the unexampled topographical labours of the Editor. To the general scholar the work will recommend itself, as a record of the acts and fortunes of a peculiar people, the last representatives of that great European family, which has elsewhere given way before the more vigorous institutions of Roman and feudal civilization ; but still survives here, and constitutes a large and influential section of one of the most powerful nations of the world. In the style and arrangement of the Annals will be found, in the midst of many imperfections, a touching simplicity and singular distinct- ness of narration, united with a high degree of historic candour ; and, as affording a new insight into the habits of thought and feeling of a people so long regarded with interest and curiosity by the rest of the world, it is not, perhaps, too much to expect that the work will commend itself to the general notice of the philosophic scholars and statesmen of Europe and America. With regard to minor details, the work has been printed at the University Press of Dublin ; the type for the Irish text, which is interpaged with the English translation, Avas specially designed for the Publishers, from the best manuscript examples. The matrices were executed under the care of the Editor, Dr. Petrie, and Mr. Eugene Curry, whose names will be recognised as sufficient guarantee for accuracy. The contractions in the original are reduced to the ordinary orthography, so as to render the Irish portion easy to be read by any one desirous of studying that language in its purity ; and the size of the work is imiform with the " Rerum Hibemicarum Scriptores Veteres," so that those who are fortunate enough to possess copies of the latter rare and costly publication, can command a complete and uniform set of Annals, from the earliest historic period to A. D. 16 16. DUBLIN : HODGES AND SMITH, GRAFTON-STREET, BOOKSELLERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. LONDON: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN, PAT ERNOSTER-RO W ; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., STATIONERS' HALL COURT. EDINBURGH: ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK, NORTHBRIDGE. Date Due f) BOSTON COLLEGE 3 9031 01276351 2 BOSTON COLLEGE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. Books may be kept for two weeks and may be renewed for the same period, unless re- served. Two cents a day is charged for each book kept overtime. If you cannot find what you want, ask the Librarian who will be glad to help you. The borrower is responsible for books drawn on his card and for all fines accruing on the same. >'